>895 THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES GIFT OF SAN FRANCISCO COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE BUREAU OF THE CENSUS WM. J. HARRIS, Director '"On — INSANE AND FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS 1910 WASHINGTON GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 1914 Biomedieitt LibratT lb lJS23i. CONTENTS. INSANE IN HOSPITALS. STATISTICAL SUMMARY. Page. iNTRODUcno;^ ] 1-14 Earlier censuses 11 Comparative summary: 1850 to 1910 '2 Question of the increase of insanity 13 Analysis op the statistics 15-63 Comparison, by states 15-19 Increase, by states 19-21 Age ; 22-25 At the date of the census , 22 WTien first admitted "2 Ratio to total population 22 Admissions as an index of insanity 24 Proportion of insane in hospitals -S Race and nativity "25 Insanity among immigrants 1.5-34 Age periods 26 Influence of the age factor - 27 Other points of difference 27 Comparison with other classes 27 Geographic di\'isions '28 States ; 30 Nationalities according to country of birth 31 Length of time in the United States 32 Insanity among negroes - 34-36 Northern negroes compared with Southern 34 Comparison by age periods 35 Compared with the foreign-bom white 36 Native and foreign parentage 30-40 Sex : 40-14 Ratio of males to females 40 Ratio to total population 41 Sex and age 41 Illiteracy 45^7 Marital condition 47, 48 Occupations 48, 49 City and country 49-53 Sex 50 Race and nativity •''1 States 52 General paralysis and alcoholic psychosis 53-59 City and country 54 Age 55 Sex : 55 Sex and age -. 56 Race, nati\-ity, and parentage 57 Length of time in hospitals ''') ""^ Duration of present attack ^" Previous admissions "4 Discharges "" Deaths <*2,63 (3) 4 . CONTENTS. SUMMARY OF LAWS RELATIVE TO THE CARE OF THE INSANE. Page. General administrative or supervisory agencies 64-67 Table 1. — General administrative or supervisory agencies in existence on January 1, 1910, or created subsequently 65-67 Local agencies — the town and county officials charged with oversight of the insane, indigent, and others 68 County boards 68 Institutional administrative and supervisory agencies 68-71 Table 2. — Boards controlling or supervising indi\-idual public institutions for the insane : 1910 69 Table 3. — Chief executive officers of state institutions for the insane: 1910 70, 71 Provisions for the care of the insane 72-74 Public institutions 72 Table 4. — Public institutions for the insane from which insane were reported : January 1, 1910 73 Private institutions 73 Outside of institutions 74 Classes committed 74, 75 Legal procedure in commitment 75-83 Pay patients committed without judicial proceedings 77 Voluntary commitment 77 Table 5. — Procedure in commitment to general state hospitals 78-81 Appeal from order of commitment 82 Table 6. — Appeal from order of commitment 82 Cost of commitment 82 Conve>nng patients to the hospital 83 Parole of patients 83, 84 Discharge 84-86 Table 7. — Appeal for discharge of patient claimed to be sane 84 Table S. — Appeal for discharge of patient who has not recovered 85 Habeas corpus proceedings 85 Removal of patients to homes 85 Cost of maintenance of patients in state hospitals 86, 87 Table 9. — Cost of maintenance of patients in state hospitals 86 Postal regulations for the protection of inmates 87 The criminal insane 87-105 Persons charged with crime 87-93 Table 10. — Persons charged with crime, undergoing trial, convicted but not sentenced, or in confinement under other legal process, who appear insane or plead insanity 88-93 Table 11. — Pro\isions concerning plea of insanity in criminal cases 93 Persons acquitted 93-96 Table 12. — Persons acquitted of criminal charge on ground of insanity 94-96 Persons who escape indictment 97 Table 13. — Persons who escape indictment by reason of insanity 97 Sentenced prisoners 97-105 Table 14. — Prisoners ser\ing time or sentenced to serve time who become or appear insane 97-103 Prisoners under death sentence 103-105 Table 15. — Prisoners under sentence of death who become or appear insane 103-105 MAPS AND DIAGRAMS. Map 1. — Ratio of insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, per 100,000 population 17 Map 2. — Ratio of insane admitted to hospitals in 1910 por 100,000 population 17 Diagram 1. — Number of insane in hospitals compared with total adult population: 1910 and 1904 14 Diagram 2. — Distribution, by age periods, of the insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, and the insane admitted during the year 22 Diagram 3. — Ratio of insane admitted to hospitals in each group per 100,000 )iopulation of the same age: 1910 23 Diagram 4. — Ratio of native whites and of foreign-bom whites admitted to hospitals for the insane in 1910 per 100.000 population of same color, nativity, and age 26 Diagram 5. — Ratio of white and negro insane admitted to hospitals in the North and in the South per 100,000 population of the same age and race 36 Diagram 6. — Ratio of (1) native whites of native parentage, (2) native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, (3) foreign-born whites, and (4) negroes admitted to hospitals for the insane per 100,000 population of the same color, race, nati^'ity, and age. 38 Diagram 7. — Ratio of males and of females admitted to hospitals for the insane in 1910 per 100,000 population of the same age and sex 42 Diagram 8. — Ratio of males and of females having general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis, and ratio of other males and females admitted to hospitals for the insane in 1910 per 100,000 population of the same sex and age 57 Table 1.- Table 2.- Table 3,- Table 4.- Table 5.- Table 6.- Table 7.- Table 8.- Table 9.- Table 10.- Table 11.- Table 12.- Table 13.- Table 14. Table 15. Table 16. CONTENTS. 5 GENERAL TABLES. Page. -Insane in hospitals, 1910: Summary by indi\'idual institutions 108 -Number of state, county or city, and private hospitals for the insane: Number of insane enumerated in each class of hospitals on January 1, 1910, and number admitted during the year 1910; and the average number of inmates and admissions per hospital 122 -Insane enumerated in hospitals on Januarj' 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and sex, by divisions and states 124 -Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and sex, by di vosions and states 126 -Foreign-bom white insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by country of birth, by divisions and states. . . 128 -Foreign-bom white insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by country of birth, by divisions and states 129 -Insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by age at enumeration, by divisions and states 130 -Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by age at admission, by divisions and states 131 -Insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by age when first admitted to any hospital for the insane, by divi- sions and states 132 -Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by age when first admitted to any hospital for the insane, by divisions and states. . 133 -Insane enimierated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at enumeration, for the United States as a whole 134 -Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at admission, for the United States as a whole 135 -Insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age when first admitted to any hospital for the insane, for the United States as a whole 136 -Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and age when first admitted to any hospital for the insane, for the United States as a whole 137 -Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by place of residence prior to admission, and by sex, by divisions and states 138 -Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and place of residence prior to admission, for the United States as a whole 140 Table 17.— Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by age at admission, sex, and place of residence prior to admission, for the United States as a whole 141 Table 18. — Insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and marital condition, by divisions. . 142 Table 19. — Male and female insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and marital condition, by divisions. . 144 Table 20.— Insane 10 years of age and over enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and lit- eracy, by divisions 146 Table 21.— Insane 10 years of age and over admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and literacy, by divi- sions 148 Table 22. — Male insane 10 years of age and over admitted to hospitals in 1910 whose occupation prior to admission was reported, by race, nativity, parentage, and occupation prior to admission, for the United States as a whole 150 Table 23.— Female insane 10 years of age and over admitted to hospitals in 1910 whose occupation prior to admission was reported, by race, nati\ity, parentage, and occupation prior to admission, for the United States as a whole 153 Table 24. — Insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by length of time spent in hospitals for the insane, and by sex, by divisions and states 154 Table 25. — Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and number of previous admissions to hospitals, by di\-isions 156 Table 26. — Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by duration of present attack before admission, by divisions and states 160 Table 27. — Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by duration of present attack before admission, and by race, nati\'ity, parentage, and sex, for the United States as a whole 161 Table 28.— Insane in hospitals who were discharged or transferred or who died in 1910, by color and sex, by divisions and states. . . 162 Table 29. — Male insane in hospitals who died in 1910, by color and age, by divisions and states 164 Table 30. — Female insane in hospitals who died in 1910, by color and age, by divisions and states 166 Table 31. — Insane in hospitals who died in 1910, by cause of death, by divisions and states 168 Tal)le 32. — Insane in hospitals who were discharged in 1910, by ccjlor, sex, and condition at discharge, by divisions and state J 70 Table 33. — Insane in hospitals who were discharged in 1910, by condition at discharge, sex, and age at discharge, for the United States as a whole 172 Table 34. — Insane with general paralysis admitted to hospitab in 1910, by race, nativity, and parentage, by divisions and states. . . 173 Table 35. — Insane with general paralysis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at admission, for the United States as a whole 174 Table 36. — Insane -ss-ith general paralysis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by place of residence prior to admission, and by sex, by divisions 175 Table 37. — Insane with alcoholic psychosis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, and parentage, by divisions and states. . 176 Table 38. — Insane with alcoholic psychosis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at admission, for the United State.^ as a whole 177 Table 39. — Insane with alcoholic psychosis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by place of residence prior to admission, and by sex, by divisions 178 Table 40. — Insane with both general paralysis and alcoholic psychosis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at admission, for the United States as a whole 179 6 CONTENTS. FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. Page. Introduction 183, 184 Analysis of the statistics 184, 190 States and geographic divisions 184 Comparison : 1910 and 1904 186 Age 187 Race and nati\'ity 187 Sex 189 Pliysically defective feeble-minded 190 Discharges 190 Deaths ^ 190 GENERAL TABLES. Table 1. — Feeble-minded in institutions, 1910: Summary by individual institutions 192 Table 2. — Feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and sex, by divisions and states 196 Table 3. — Feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and sex, by di\d3ion8 and states 198 Table 4. — Feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at enumera- tion, for the United States as a whole 200 Table -5. — Feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at admission, for the United States as a whole 201 Table fi. — Feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by age at enumeration, by di\'isions and states 202 Table 7. — Feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910, by age at admission, by divisions and states 203 Table 8. — Feeble-minded reported as physically defective, enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parent- age, sex, and defect, by di\Tsions 204 Table 9. — Feeble-minded reported as physically defective, admitted to institutions in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and defect, by divisions 205 Table 10. — Feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by sex, race, nativity, parentage, and marital condition, by divisions 206 Table 11.— Feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910, by sex, race, nativity, parentage, and marital condition, by div-isions. 208 Table 12. — Feeble-minded in institutions who were discharged, or transferred, or who died in 1910, by sex, by divisions 210 Table 13. — Feeble-minded in institutions who died in 1910, by sex, age, and cause of death, for the United States as a whole. . . 210 Table 14. — Feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by source of support, by di\'ision8 and states 211 Table 15. — Feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910, by source of support, by divisions and states 211 Index 213 LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL. DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE, Bureau op thk Census, Washington, D. C, November 5, 1914. Sir: I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on the insane and feeble-minded in institutions for these classes. This report is based upon a special census of the inmates of hospitals for the insane and of institutions for the feeble-minded taken in the year 1910. The results of that census have already been pubUshed in a series of statistical tables appearing as Bulletin 119 of the publications of this bureau. The report herewith submitted reproduces these tables and in addition contains a discussion of the statistics, with tables present- ing ratios and percentages. It contains also a summarization of the laws relative to the care of the insane. The report was prepared in the Division of Revision and Results, under the direction of Dr. Joseph A. Hill, expert special agent, assisted by Mr. Lewis Meriam. Respectfully, To Hon. William C Redfield, Secretary of Commerce. Director of the Census. (7) INSANE IN HOSPITALS (9) INSANE IN HOSPITALS. STATISTICAL SUMMARY. By Joseph A. Hill, Expert Special Agent. INTRODtJCTION. The statistics published in the present report relative to the insane in institutions, for 1910, like those pub- lished in the corresponding report for 1904, were ob- tained by means of a special census coveruig all the insane inmates present in institutions for the insane at the beginning of the year and all insane pereons ad- mitted to such institutions during the year. The can- vass was made through the agency of officials or other persons connected \vith the institutions who were com- missioned as special agents of the Bureau of the Census to fill out and return the required schedules. A sheet schedule with a hue for each name was used for the enumeration of inmates at the beginning of the year; but the records of admissions during the j^ear were obtained on individual cards which were filled out and returned to the bureau each month. Similar card schedules were obtained for inmates who were discharged or were transferred to other institutions, or who died. The total number of institutions canvassed at the census of 1910 was 366, and the total number of msane for whom data were obtained was 248,560, of whom 187,791 were present in the institutions on January 1, 1910, and 60,769 were admitted during the year 1910. The number of insane enumerated in institutions at the census of 1904 was 199,773, including 1.50,151 inmates present at the beginning of the year and 49,622 ad- mitted during the year. In the six yeai-s from 1904 to 1910 there was therefore an increase of 37,640, or 25.1 per cent, in the number of insane confined in uistitu- tions for that class, as compared \vith an increase of only about 12 per cent in the total population of the United States, the number of insane m hospitals per 100,000 population advancing fi-om 183.6 iji 1904 to 204.2 in 1910. The increiise during this period in the number admitted to such institutions during the year was 11,147, or 22.5 per cent, the ratio of admissions per 100,000 population uicreasing from 60.7 bi 1904 to 66.1 in 1910. As no attempt was made either in 1904 or in 1910 to enumerate the insane outside of bistitutions, it is a question to what extent this very striking increase in the population of hospitals for the insane and in the number of annual commitments to such institutions represents an increase in the preva- lence of insanity and to what extent it may be due to an extension of the practice of placmg the insane under institutional care. This is a question which will receive some consideration in the discussion which follows. It hardly admits of a defuiite answer, how- ever, although the statistics to be presented may throw some Ught upon it. Earlier censuses. — Wliile the special censuses of the insane in 1904 and 1910 were restricted to institutions, at each general decennial census of the population from 1850 to 1890, inclusive, the attempt was made to secure a complete enumeration of the insane by insert- ing on the general population schedule a question as to insanity. The question in the form in which it first appeared specified ijisanity as one of a number of defects which were to be reported wherever found to exist. In 1850 and in 1860 the question read "Wliether deaf and dumb, bUnd, ijisane, idiotic, pau- per, or convict;" and in 1870 it was the same with the omission of "pauper or convict." In 1880, how- ever, insanity and each of the other defects specified were covered by a separate question; but in 1890 the question again became gei^eral and comprehensive — "Whether defective in mijid, sight, hearing, or speech, or whether crippled, maimed, or deformed, with name of defect." The attempt to secure a complete enumeration of the insane in connection with the general population census was not repeated at the Twelfth Census, which was taken in 1900. The law authorizing that census provided that certain specified subjects which had formerly been included as a part of the regular decen- nial census should be separated fi-om it and not taken up until after the w ork on that census was completed, the main object in view being to diminish the burden of w^ork involved in a decennial census and expedite its completion by postponhig all those associated inquiries for which it was beUeved the data could be secured satisfactorily at a later period, without a house-to- house canvass of the entire United States. The in- quuy relative to msanity having been restricted by the Twelfth Census act to the insane in institutions, was (11) 12 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. considered as coming into this class, and accordingly was not taken up until 1904. The postponement of the inquiry, however, in- volved this disadvantage, that it interfered with direct comparisons between the number of insane and the general population as classified by race, nativity, age, etc. Some of the most interesting questions arising in connection with the subject of insanity can be determined only by means of such comparisons. For instance, the question naturally arises as to the age or period of life at which the tendency to insanity is most marked. This calls for the computation of the ratio of hisane to general population by age periods. But it was felt that a census of the insane taken for the year 1904 could not be safely compared in detail with a census of the popu- lation taken four years earlier. Accordingly, the re- port for 1904 did not show any ratios except the ratio of the total number of insane enumerated iii 1904 to the total estimated population for the same year. Possibly the position taken regarding this matter was unduly conservative, but, however that may be, it is undoubtedly true that the best results to be obtained from a census of the insane will not be realized unless it is contemporaneous or nearly so with a general census of population. For this reason the law pro- \ading for the Thirteenth Census in 1910 authorized an enumeration of the special classes in institutions cover- ing the same year. In any interpretation or analysis of the statistics relative to the insane it should be borne in miad that the term msanity apphes to a group of mental diseases which differ widely in their causation, course, and outcome. Accordingly, statements or conclusions which are correct for the group as a whole may not hold good of the more or less distinct classes which make up this group. For iustauce, the statistics pre- sented in this report iudicate an increased tendency or liabihty to insanity ia the period of old age. Yet probably this is indicative of the influence upon the data of one type of insanity only, namely, that known as senile dementia, which makes its appearance only in old age. The limitations imder which the data for a census of the insane must be obtained make it impracticable to go very far towards distinguishing the different forms of insanity, although in the present report a step has been taken in that direction by differentiating cases of alcoholic psychosis and of general paralysis. From a sociological and legal point of view, however, the insane represent a fairly homogeneous class of de- fectives; and it is frcm this point of view that the statistics regarding the number of insane, their sex, ages, nativity, distribution, etc., have their main value and significance. Comparative summary: 1850 to 1910. — The follow- ing table sliows the number of insane persons enu- merated at each census from 1850 to 1910, those in institutions for the insane and outside such institu- tions bemg shown separately for the censuses of 1880 and 1890. Prior to 1880 no separate return was made of the insane in mstitutions; and since 1890, as already explained, no enumeration has been made of the insane outside of institutions. Table 1 1910. 1904. 1890. 1880. 1870. 1860. 1850. INSANE ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTION? FOR THE INSANE. Number. 187, 791 150, 151 74,028 40, 942 (') Per 100,000 popu- lation. 204.2 183.6 118.2 81.6 INSANE ENUMERATED OUTSIDE SUCH INSTITUTIONS. Per Num- 100,000 ber. popu- lation. (') (') (') (') 32, 457 51.8 51,017 101.7 (') (') m TOTAL INSANE ENUMERATED. Number. 187, 791 150, 151 106,485 91,959 ' 37, 432 "24,042 > 15, 610 Per 100,000 popu- lation. 204.2 183.6 170.0 183.3 3 97.1 S76.5 '67.3 ' No enumeration of insane outside of institutions. 2 Included in the enumeration but not returned separately. 3 Enumeration believed to have been seriously deficient. It is not to be supposed that the very marked in- crease in the number of insane reported in 1880 as compared with the preceding census measures an in- crease in the actual amount of insanity. It can only be accounted for h\ an improvement in the efficiency of the canvass consequent upon the fact that in 1880 special attention was given to the enumeration of the defective, dependent, and delinquent classes. This branch of the census work was placed under the gen- eral charge of an expert special agent, and a special supplementary schedule was adopted for the enu- meration of the insane. The extra compensation which tlie enumerator received for filluig out this schedule doubtless operated as an incentive to vigi- lance in finding and reporting cases of insanity. At the same time, as stated in the census report, it was impressed upon him "that he should exert himiself to find these defective persons and make a full report of each case. He was instructed to counsel with physicians upon this point, to make inquiries of neighbors, and to report all defectives, whether the information respecting them should be derived fiom the family to which they belonged or from other sources, if m his judgment it was worthy of confidence. By this method it was sought to obtain approximately as complete an enumeration of defectives outside of institutions as of the inmates of such institutions. * * * Moreover, the work of the enumerators was supplemented by correspond- ence Avith physicians, in all parts of the United States, to the number of nearly 100,000, all of whom were furnished Avith blank forms of return, and were in- vited and urged to report to the Census Office all idiots and lunatics within the sphere of their personal knowledge. Four-fifths of them responiled to this INTRODUCTION. 13 invitation," and "tlio information thus obtained sup- plemented to a very cousitlerable extent that derived from the enumerators." ' Precautions were taken to eliminate duplication in the returns and probably the results gave as complete and satisfactory a census of the insane as it is possible to obtain in connection •with a general census of population. In 1890 the same method was followed except that there was no supplementary canvass through the agencj' of physicians ; and in the report for that census this difference is referred to as explaining the fact that as compared with the preceding census the number of insane enumerated did not show an increase commen- surate with the growth of population. At the census of 1880, 183.3 insane persons were reported for each 100,000 inhabitants, but in 1890 the ratio fall to 170 per 100,000. It is safe to say that this decline in the ratio did not represent an actual decline in insanity, but, as stated in the report of 1890, is attributable to the difference in the completeness of the enumeration. As already noted, the census of 1890 was the last one at which the attempt was made to seciu-e a com- plete enumeration of the insane, the censuses of 1904 and 1910 being confined to the insane in institutions. At the censuses prior to 1880, on the other hand, the number of insane in institutions or hospitals for this class of the population was not reported separately, so that comparisons of the growth of this class of the insane population can be made only for the 30-year period 1880-1910. Of the total insane population enumerated in 1880, 40,942 were reported as in insti- tutions or hospitals, representing a ratio of 81.6 per 100,000 population; by 1910 the number in institu- tions had increased to 187,791, a ratio of 204.2 per 100,000 population. It is not probable that the enumeration of inmates of special institutions for this class has been greatly defective at any census. As to the number of in- sane outside of institutions, the figures in Table 1, taken at their face value, would indicate a very marked decline in this class between 1880 and 1890. But this is largely explained by the probabihty that the incompleteness of the canvass in 1890 as compared with 1880 would affect mainly the outside insane. In 1880, 17 per cent of the total number of insane enu- merated were reported by physicians.- This would mean that the physicians reported about 16,000 of the 91,959 insane included in that census. On the assumption that the insane in institutions were prac- tically all included in the canvass by the regular enumerators and that the insane reported by the physicians were outside of institutions, the canvass through the physicians increased the nimiber of out- side insane over the enumerators' returns by about 46 per cent. Or, in other words, the regidar enumer- ' Tenth Census (1880). Report on Defective, Dependent, and Delinquent Classes, p. ix. - Eleventh Census ( 1890): Report on the Insane, Feeble-minded, Deaf and Dumb, and Blind, p. 7. ators found only about 69 per cent of the insane reported outside of institutions. If the retiirns of enumerators were equally deficient in 1890, then a simdar supplementary canvass by physicians would have made the number of insane outside of institu- tions about 47,000 instead of 32,457, and the total number of insane enumerated woiUd have been about 121,000 instead of 106,485, which would have made the ratio of insane per 100,000 population 193 instead of 170. The situation will perhaps be brought out more clearly by the follo\ving table, which shows the insane population in 1890, both that actually enumer- ated and that estimated on the above basis, in com- parison with the insane population in 1880. Table 2 1890 1880 *'"'"^- omissions. Enumer- ated. Total .... 106,485 121,000 91,959 In institutions for the insane . . 74,028 74,028 40,942 32,4,57 32,457 47,000 32,457 61.017 Returned by t lie census enumerators 135,000 I 16.000 Estimated omissions*. .. " .' 14,500 1 ' The basis for the estimate is the statement, appearing in the 1890 report, that 17 per cent of the total number of insane enumerated in 1880 were reported upon special schedules by physicians throuphout the country. It isEtssumed, furthermore. in the above estimate that the regular enumerators would find prac- tically all the insane who were confined in institutions for that class and that the insane reported l)y physicians subsequent to the census enumeration were outside such institutions.* The slight decrease which the estimated number of insane outside of institutions in 1890 shows as com- pared with the number actually' returned for 1880 involves a rather marked decrease in the ratio of this class of insane to the total population. In 1880 the ratio based on the actual enumeration was 101.7 in- sane outside institutions to each 100,000 of the total population; in 1890, on the basis of the estimates in the preceding table, it was about 75.1 to 100,000. In 1880, according to the census returns, 44.5 per cent of the total number of insane in the country were found in institutions for the insane; in 1890, on the basis of the above estimates, the percentage in institutions was about 61.2. Possibly this is a fair indication of the increasing tendency to place the insane under institutional treatment. Question of the increase of insanity. — The ratio of total insane enumerated in 1880, when the enumera- tion is believed to have been more complete than at any other census, was 183.3 per 100,000 of the total population. In 1910 the insane in hospitals alone represented a ratio of 204.3 per 100,000 population. As compared with the total population, therefore, the number of insane in institutions in 1910 was rel;;- tivety greater than the total number of insane enu- merated in 1880. Without entering into any general discussion of the causes or influences which might be operative in pro- moting an increase of insanity, one important change in social conditions in the United States as revealed 14 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. by census statistics may be noted in this connection, namely, the great increase in the proportion of popu- lation living in cities. In the 30 years between 1880 and 1910 the urban population of the United States — that is, the population residing in incor- porated places having more than 2,500 inhabitants, including New England towns above that limit — increased about 190 per cent, or from 15,000,000 in 1880 to 43,000,000 in 1910, while the rural popu- lation increased only about 40 per cent, or from 35,000,000 in 1880 to 49,000,000 in 1910. In 1880, 29.5 per cent of the population was urban and in 1910 46.3 per cent. It may be remarked that many of the smaller places classed as urban commimities are far from being distinctly urban in their characteristics; but there has been at the same time a marked growth and concentration of population in large cities. Thus the number of cities of over 100,000 population in- creased from 20 in 1880 to 50 in 1910, and the aggre- gate popiilation living in such cities from 6,000,000 to 20,000,000, an increase of over 200 per cent. The pro- portion of the total population living in cities of this class in 1880 was 12.4 per cent, or about one-eighth, as compared with 22.1 per cent, or more than one- fifth, in 1910. If, as is indicated by statistics pre- sented later in this report, insanity is more prevalent in urban than in I'ural commimities, some increase of insanity would seem to be an almost inevitable result of the increasing irrbanization of the population of the United States. At the same time it is practically certain that insanity has not increased to anything like the extent which a comparison of the different census enumera- tions woiild indicate. Beyond question the extension of the practice of placing the insane imder institu- tional care has had a very great influence upon the statistics. Associated with this are other influences which have likewise contributed to the apparent increase of insanity, or to the increase in the number of recognized and recorded cases, without being indicative of any actual kicrease. Among these may be mentioned : Increasing average length of life, bring- ing more people to the "insanity age periods;" advances in diagnostic methods m psychiatry, leading to detection of mental factors in physical cases; the establishment of dispensaries; the provision of "voluntaiy" and emergency commitment; and better means of transportation (the automobile, for instance), making it possible to bring to the hospital cases in poor physical condition. So far as an increase of insanity is associated with the growth of cities it may be said that it probably results to a large extent from causes which are preventable or subject to control. Statistics pre- sented later in this report indicate that the difference between city and country as regards the prevalence of insanity is partly accoimted for by the greater nmnber of cases of general paralysis and alcoholic psychosis in the urban popidation. This in itself is a significant fact because these are diseases the causes of which must be regarded as controllable; and the better organized work in preventive medicine, in social service, and in hospital and dispensary reUef makes the outlook for prevention in any disease more encom'aging in cities than in rm-al commiinities. Interest in the possibiUty of controlling some of the causes of mental disease has developed only very recently, and it is not too much to hope that consid- erable progress in that direction may be achieved ia the not distant futiu-e. Diagi"am 1 is inserted here to indicate graphically the relative numerical importance of the insane in institutions in the United States in 1910 and in 1904 as compared with the total adult population. Diagram 1.— NUMBER OF INSANE IN HOSPITALS COMPARED WITH TOTAL ADULT POPUI-ATION. 1910 ADULT POPULATION 62,473,130 INSANE IN HOSPITALS 187,791 1904 ADULT POPULATION 64,443,026 INSANE IN HOSPITALS 150,161 COMPARISON, BY STATES. ANALYSIS OF THE STATISTICS. 15 COMPARISON, BY STATES. The niimber of inmates present in hospitals for the insane on January 1, 1910, and the number of per- sons admitted to such hospitals durmg the year are shown for each geogi-aphic division and state in Table 3, together with the total population of the division and state and the number of inmates and admissions per 100,000 population. Where, as in the case of the county institutions in Iowa, a separate de- partment for the insane was maintained in connection with a county home or poor farm it was considered as an institution for the insane and was therefore in- cluded in the present report. The insane reported in ordinary almshouses not having separate departments are also shown in this table, although they were not included in the census of the insane, but were covered by the special census of the almshouse population. The ratio of the number of insane in hospitals to the total population is obviously not a rolialile index of the prevalence of insanity in different parts of the United States. The exceptionally high ratio for the District of Columbia, for instance, results from the fact that the United States Government Hospital for the Insane receives patients from the Army and Navy of the United States and not alone from the population of the District; and in many of the states private insti- tutions receive numbere of patients from other states. Probably to a greater extent, however, the variations in the ratio of insane in hospitals to population reflect differences in the provisions made for the institu- tional care of the insane and in the practice and laws regarding commitments, discharges, and transfers.* A low ratio in any state or division may simply indicate inadequate provision for tliis class of defectives. The very general complaint of overcrowded hospitals im- pUes that in many states the number of insane under institutional care is kept down bj' the mere lack of accommodations for them, and that an increase would immediately follow the construction of a new hospital or the extension of an existing one. In many states all the public institutions for the insane are state institutions. This is the case in New ' As regards transfers it will be noticed that in the table on page 16, the insane who were transferred in the year 1910 are divided into two main classes — those transferred to other hospitiils for the insane end those transferred to institutions not for the insane — and that the former class is further subdivided so as to distinguish those who were committed prior to Jan. 1, 1910, from those committed after that date. Those committed prior to Jan. 1 , 1910, were counted in the population of the institution in which they vx>re found on the Ist 01 January and also as admissions to the institution to which they were subsequently transferred, so that to this extent the number of reported admissions is greater than the number of new cases received from the outside public during the year. On the other hand, those committed after Jan. 1, and subsequently transferred to another institution, are counted as admissions only to the last institution to which they were commilled and occiwion no dui)lication. York and Massachusetts. There are other states, such as Iowa and Wisconsin, which have a number of county insane asylums, or insane 1 1 t, °# u"-''^ .5;^^ ■-^ 1 ' I3* / / ^-' ■-^ "'^ / / / 100 / 1 / / /, 1 BO '/ / 60 / / / / / / / 40 / / / /, 20 // /' In view of the fact that the insane admitted to hos- pitals are, with few exceptions, all of adult age, a ratio based on the number of adults in the total population is perhaps a fairer basis of comparison than a ratio based upon the total population. Of course, the effect of thus changing the base is to increase the ratio, and if the proportion of children was the same in each class the ratio would be increased to the same extent. As, however, there are comparatively few children among the foreign born, the ratio for that class is increased to a less degree than the ratio for the native white, and the former ratio being the higher of the two the differ- ence between them is reduced. In the case of the ad- missions the ratio per 100,000 for the foreign-born white advances from 116.3, as based upon total pop- ulation, to 123.3, as based upon the total number of adults, while the ratio per 100,000 for the native white advances from 57.9 to 91.2. IMMIGRANTS. 27 Table 15 msANE IN hospitals: 1910. Enumerated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. EACE AND N.VTrVTTY. Number per 100,000 popula- tion. Number per 100,000 adults.' Number per 100,000 popula- tion. Number per 100,000 adults.' Total 204.2 300.6 66.1 97.3 White 213.2 311.0 68. 7 100. 3 Native 168.7 406.3 131.4 159.3 265.7 429.8 209.5 222.7 57.9 116.3 44.6 49.2 91.2 123.3 Negro 71.1 68.8 ' Ratio is based upon the number of persons of the same nativity 15 years of age and over in tue total papulation. Influence ofihe age factor. — The extent to which the difference in age accounts for the difference between the two classes as regards the relative numbers com- mitted to insane asylums may, however, be more ac- curately determined by redistributing the foreign bom by age groups on the basis of the age distribution of the native white and then applying to each age group the ratio for the foreign born in that group as based on the actual returns. For example, the age group 45 to 49 years included 1,146,360 foreign-born whites in 1910, of whom 1,605 were admitted to hospitals for the insane during the year, making the ratio of admissions for this age group 140 per 100,000. If, however, the foreign boni had the same age distribution as the native the total number in this age group would be approxi- mately 574,040, and, the ratio of admissions remaining the same, the numl)er admitted from that age group would have been 804. This readjustment would re- duce the figure for the total number of foreign born ad- mitted to insane asylums to approximately 9,343, while the actual number of admissions was 15.523;' that is to say, the number of foreign born admitted was about 6,000, or 50 per cent, greater than it would have been if this class of population had the same age distribution as the native white. The ratio of admis- sions per 100,000 for the foreign-born white declines from 116.3 to 70 as the result of this age readjustment. A comjiarison of this result with the ratio of 57.9 for the native white gives an indication of the extent to which the difference between the native white and the foreign-born white is due to the age difference. Other points of difference. — While the age difference probably goes further than any other factor toward explaining the contrast between the native white and the foreign-born white in respect to the proportionate numbers admitted to hospitals for the insane, there arc of course many other points of difference which affect the comparison, and for some of which an adjustment might be made similar to that here made for age. There is, for instance, the difference in sex distribu- tion. There are relatively more males in the foreign- born white population than in the native white, a ratio of 129.9 males to 100 females for the former as compared with a ratio of 102.7 to 100 for the latter. Statistics of the insane by sex are presented in another [portion of this report. Then again there are differ- ences in the geographic distribution of the two cltisses and in their degree of concentration in cities. These are factors which doubtless have a considerable effect upon the statistics for the United States as a whole. On the foUowiug pages statistics are presented by states and geographic divisions; and in another sec- tion of this report the distinction is made between city and country. But of course it is not possible to carry this statistical analysis to a degree of refinement which will determine to what extent the difference between the two classes as regards insanity is due simply to the fact that the one class is of foreign birth and origin and the other native. For instance, the change of environment which the immigrants expe- rience on coming to the United States must have an important influence. Without doubt the strain to which they are subjected in the effort to adjust them- selves to new physical, economic, and social conditions in a strange land tends to increase insanity, but the influence of this factor can not be segi-egated or meas- ured on the basis of available statistics. One other circumstance which may have some in- fluence upon the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane in the case of the foreign born should not be overlooked and may as well be mentioned in this connection. Under the present immigration laws the insane among immigrants are debarred from entering the United States, oi-, when the insanity develops within a limited period after entrance, are deported. ' The steps in this process are shown by the following table. The numbers in column 6, except the total, are obtained by applying the ratios in column 4 to the numbers in column 3. The result gives the number of foreign-born whites that would have been admitted to hospitals for the insane in each age group if the foreign-born white population had the same age distril)ution as the native white. Per cent distri- bution of na- tive while popu- lation. FOEEIGN-BOKN WHITE POPULATION. FOREIGN-BORN WHITE INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS. AGE aROUP. Actual age distribu- tion. Redistrib- uted on basis of distribu- tion of native white. Actual ratio of ad- mis- sions. Actual num- ber. Hypo- thet- ical num- ber. 1 2 3 4 5 8 Total 100.0 30.5 10.7 9.6 8.2 7.0 6.3 5.1 4.3 3.8 2.7 2.1 1.5 13,345,545 13,350,000 116.3 15,523 9,343 769,346 673, 761 1,430,381 1,662,696 1,505,715 1,408,093 1.303,475 1,146,360 925,055 693,520 627,583 488,397 336,967 208,212 149,773 26,211 4, 872, 760 1,428,460 1,281,600 1,094,700 934,500 841,060 680,850 574,050 607,300 360,450 280, 350 200,250 133,500 80,100 63,400 26, 700 1.3 47.5 75.1 94.3 118.0 131.2 134.0 140.0 145.0 141.6 147.9 156.6 181.0 195.6 264.7 621.9 10 320 1,074 l,5f8. 1,777 1,848 1,756 1,605 1,341 982 928 765 610 407 370 163 63 15 to 19 vcars . 679 962 25 to 2J years . 1 032 1 103 35 to 39 vears 1 103 916 45 to 49 years 804 736 55 to 59 years 510 415 65 to r,9 years 314 1.0 0.6 0.4 0.2 242 75 to 79 years 157 80 years and over 141 166 28 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Thus it might be said that as regai'ds insanity the foreign bom remaining in the United States are to a certain extent a selected class, and that so far as the influence of this one factor goes, there should be less insanity among them than among the native popula- tion. That this factor, however, has had as yet very little effect in reducing the number of foreign-born in- sane committed to institutions is indicated by statistics presented later in this report (see p. 33). Comparison ivith other classes. — Statistics comparing the foreign-born white \vith the native white of native parentage, the native white of foi'eign or mixed parent- age, and the negroes are presented on pages 36 to 40 of this report. Geographic divisions. — The following table gives, by geographic divisions, the number of native and foreign- bom whites enumerated in hospitals for the insane on January 1, 1910, and the number admitted to such hospitals during the year, with the ratios per 100,000 white population of the same nativity, and the number per 100,000 adults. Table 16 United States.. New England Middle Atlantic East North Central . . West North Central., South Atlantic East South Central. . West South Central. . Mountain Pacific INSAXE IN hospitals: 1910. Enumerated on Jan. 1. Native white. Foreign- born white. Admitted during the year. Native while. P'oreign- born white. TOTAL NITHBER. 115,402 12, 386 30, 190 25,992 14,304 12,804 6,897 6,827 1,905 5,097 54,096 6,639 19, 872 12, 151 7,133 1,475 282 720 1,422 4,402 39,629 15,523 4,369 8,687 ! 9,203 ! 5,070 4,417 2,637 I 2,321 1,006 1,919 2, 438 5.433 3,365 1,790 352 85 230 515 1,315 XUMBER PER 100,000 WHITE POPULATION OF THE SAME NATIVITY. United States 168.7 405.3 57.9 116 3 New England . . . 265.4 214.8 174.9 146.9 164.6 121.7 91.4 91.4 161.2 365.9 411.8 396.2 442.2 507.6 324.7 206.4 325.5 511.0 93.6 61.8 61.9 52.1 56.8 46.5 36.4 48.3 60.7 134 4 Middle Atlantic 11' 6 East North Central West North Central 111 South Atlantic West South Central.. . .... 65 9 Pacific 152 6 NUU BER PER m ),000 ADUL IS.t United States 265.7 429.8 91.2 123.3 New England 411.1 340.0 268.1 232.0 263.2 198.0 153.4 144.0 231.0 389.8 441.2 416.1 460.1 542.0 339.4 228.3 344.3 533.9 145.0 97.8 94.9 82,2 90.8 75.7 61.1 76.0 87.0 143 2 Middle Atlantic 120 6 West North Central 115 4 South Atlantic 129. 4 East South Central West South Central 102,3 72.9 124.7 Pacific 159 5 I Ratio is based upon the number of white persons ofthesamenativity 15 years ol age and over in the total population. In every geographic division the ratio of admis- sions to total population is much higher for the foreign-born white thaai for the native white. The contrast is least marked in New England. In that division the ratios are exceptionally high for both classes, but the ratio for the foreign-born white is not so far above the average for the United States as is the ratio for the native white. In fact, when the ratios are based upon the adult population the ratio for the native white in New England is slightly higher than that for the foreign-born. A comparison of the ratios for the number of insane enumerated shows a similar relationship; in every division the ratio is much higher for the foreign born than the native, but in New England, again, the difference is not so marked as elsewhere, and the relative position of the two classes is reversed when the ratio is based upon the adult population. A comparison, by age groups, of the ratios for the native and foreign-born white in the several geographic divisions (see Table 17) reveals a further peculiarity of the conditions in New England. In that division the ratio of admissions for the native white is higher than that for the foreign-born white in every age group below the age of 55, while in each age group above 55 the higher ratio is invariably that for the foreign- born white. In none of the other divisions is there any similar contrast between the age groups below and above 55, nor, in fact, is there any poLat in the age scale at which the position of the ratios is reversed as it is m New England. On the contrary, the ratio outside New England is, with few exceptions, higher for the foreign born than for the native in every age group, the exceptions occurring mostly in southern divisions, where, on account of the very small repre- sentation of foreign born, the comparison is not of much significance. It may be noted, however, that in the Middle Atlantic division, which resembles New England in the composition of its population and in industrial and social conditions, the contrast between the foreign-born white and the native as regards the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane is less striking below the age of 55 than it is above that age. It is possible that the explanation of this fact is to be found in the difference between the older and the younger foreign-born population as regards racial composition. No doubt the newer immigration com- ing principally from the countries of southern and eastern Europe is represented more largely in the immigrant population under 55 years of age than in that above that age. Statistics showing the contrast between the different foreign nationalities in this coun- try as regards their representation in hospitals for the insane are presented and discussed on pages 31 and 32. IMMIGRANTS. 29 Table 17 NTMBEE OF INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 PER 100,000 POPULATION OF TUE SAME AGE, RACE, AND NATIVITY. AGE GROUP. Native white. Foreign- born white. Native white. Foreign- born white. Native white. Foreign- bom white. Native white. Foreign- born white. Native white. Foreign- born white. UNITED STATES. NEW ENGLAND. MIDDLE ATLANTIC. EAST NORTH CENTRAL. WEST NORTH CENTRAL. .\11 ages' 57.9 116.3 93.6 134.4 61.8 112.6 61.9 109.7 52.1 111.0 1.0 25.6 60.5 84.9 101.7 115.6 120.8 125.4 121. S 116.4 119.9 120.8 145.4 168.1 197.6 1.3 47.5 75.1 94.3 118.0 131. 2 134.6 140.0 145.0 141.6 147.9 156.6 181.0 195.5 264.7 2.2 44.8 103.4 130.4 147.7 178.8 190.8 191.5 ISl. 5 179.6 154.2 101.8 197. 1 215. 243.9 1.8 43.8 87. 1 105.7 l.iO.3 156.7 166.9 175.2 173.6 184. 2 197.6 199.5 258.8 287.9 356.8 0.8 31.4 6.S.5 89.1 102.7 117.4 128.3 139.5 138.9 128.0 122.8 117.3 149.7 156.5 198.0 2.2 55.2 81.6 91.4 114.4 120.9 121.7 142.1 147.4 167.7 148.4 192.4 233.9 251.0 312.7 0.6 23.3 57.9 87.7 106.4 125.8 126.8 133.4 129.2 131.2 122.2 130.3 151.5 165.2 168.4 0.7 42.2 60.9 75.7 110.8 125.9 136.9 128.2 130.9 123.0 136.6 140.2 139.9 166.7 202.9 0.6 19.4 51.9 83.3 99.8 108.2 111.9 112.9 110.3 94.5 123.9 105.1 132.0 189.9 240.4 19.4 61.2 104.4 114.7 129.3 129.0 119.5 128.5 116.8 60 to 64 vears 131.5 119.2 122.2 126.9 171.1 SOUTH ATLANTIC. EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. 1 WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. MOUNTAIN. PAQFIC. 56.8 121.1 46.5 97.9 36.4 65.9 48.3 117.9 60.7 152.6 1.8 25.5 61.9 81.8 90.3 115.6 111.6 112.2 111.8 lOi. 120.1 136.9 159.9 173.4 194.2 1 0.8 22.9 58.6 71.5 96.2 97.5 93.5 98.8 100.8 96.1 93.8 88.5 100.5 126.6 96.6 1.7 20.0 40.8 60.7 77.3 76.4 81.6 84.3 68. 7 72.4 S4.1 82.8 93.1 137.8 114.7 1.4 22.5 43.3 62.4 83.8 87.7 118.7 99.3 108.9 105.8 133. 1 164.9 117.7 153.6 285.0 0.5 25.0 61.5 78.0 101.2 112.9 110.4 112.7 98. 90.5 122.6 102.0 131.0 161.1 332.2 5S.6 60.9 91.5 114.7 108.2 138.7 159.4 177.3 145.4 122.0 162 3 279.1 207.6 208.2 104.1 144.2 178.3 54.9 63.8 79.4 138.4 67.2 31.6 97.0 65.3 217.9 70.2 199.4 20.3 39.0 46.3 66.3 95.5 84.1 88.9 96.3 60.1 71.0 82.2 122.6 68.6 19S.4 17.8 58.9 93.0 99.8 147.9 172.0 127.7 147.4 136.9 200.2 145.5 224.4 149.0 420.4 76.4 87.3 142.5 172 5 170.7 40 to 44 years 160.4 165.5 50 to 54 years . 190.3 143.8 179.1 65 to 69 years . . 168.5 156.9 292.7 312.5 1 Includes age unknown. 30 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. States. — Table 18 gives for the United States, and by geographic divisions and states, the number of na- tive, white and foreign-born white enumerated iu hos- pitals on Januarj^ 1, 1910, and the number of each class admitted during 1910, with the ratios per 100,000 population and per 100,000 adults, and also the per- centage of foreign-born white among the insane and in the general population. Table 18 DIVISION AND STATE. United States. Geographic omsioNs: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central.. West North Central. South Atlantic East So ith Central. West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine Nev/ Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts — Rhode Island Connecticut INSANK IN HOSPITAL.^: 1910. Enumerated on Jan. 1. Native white. n5,402 12,386 30, 190 25,992 14,304 12,80 6,897 5,827 1,905 5,097 Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania . . 1,072 642 791 6,831 772 2,278 16,701 3,542 9,947 Foreign bom white. 54,096 6,639 19,872 12, 151 7,133 1,475 2S2 720 1,422 4,402 East North Central: Ohio 8,142 Indiana 3,601 niinois I 6,991 Michigan I 3,862 Wisconsin ! 3,396 West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas 1,923 3,840 4,550 190 421 1,145 2,235 126 236 176 4,461 431 1,209 13,4S1 2,165 4,228 1,893 567 4,103 2.493 3,095 2,723 1,320 1,060 407 365 732 324 Admitted during the year. Native white. SocTH Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West V irginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico.. Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington.. Oregon Caiilornla 4,369 8,6.87 9,203 5,070 4,417 2,637 2,321 1,006 1,919 I 264 66 2,300 476 1,565 668 2,217 70 1,302 103 1,816 9 885 5 2,122 31 333 47 2,786 151 1,679 48 1,320 46 1,112 37 903 33 1,131 130 832 78 2,961 479 285 361 226 150 86 65 706 3S5 170 33 157 162 183 135 92 111 1,005 914. 871 591 3,221 2,897 418 237 230 2,409 320 4,672 1,026 2,989 2,601 1,077 2,580 1,321 1,624 671 1,203 1,961 89 124 292 730 79 9S1 357 739 Foreign- born white. 15,523 2,438 5,433 3,365 1,790 352 85 230 515 1,315 Per 100,000 white population of the same nativity. Enumerated on Jan. 1. Native white. 168.7 Foreign- bom white. 405.3 265.4 214.8 174.9 146.9 164.6 121.7 91.4 91.4 161.2 82 36 ,714 160 371 3,638 529 ! 1,266 I 574 116 1,190 591 894 681 271 436 124 72 102 104 365.9 411.8 396.2 442.2 507.6 324.7 206.4 325.5 511.0 Admitted during the vear. Native white. Foreign- born white. 116.3 Per 100,000 adults.' Enumerated on .Ian. 1. Native white. Foreign- bom white. 429.8 93.6 61.8 61.9 52.1 56.8 46.3 36.4 48.3 60.7 411 27 ■; 670 8 \ 315 1 701'' 13 , 144 21 i 1,005 i 45 j 658 14 566 18 408 8 216 6 314 38 612 37 149 '\ 1,179 138 124 1 123 74 24 15 484 187 66 13 :< 66 59 :! 73 29 : 32 14 448 395 353 199 1,118 721 170.2 192.6 259.8 300.4 217.8 293.8 267.7 198.1 165.0 200.7 145.2 161.7 176.4 187.8 126.8 iyit.4 156.6 45.9 90.9 114.0 149.1 171.8 240.0 739.0 162.6 118.4 121.5 131.5 149.8 81.3 140.1 99.2 109.1 143.2 81.1 127.2 59.2 99.9 106.0 I 81.1 76.0 107.5 60.3 126.0 ; 60.4 163.5 113.8 157.8 1S4.9 114.4 244.4 353.0 424.4 242.1 367.7 493.9 328.9 293.7 317.0 355.9 341.2 418.6 603.8 501.8 482.7 463.1 260.6 362.7 416.2 387. 6 378.9 456.9 :,743.2 262. 9 180.5 151.5 82.6 205.7 138. 9 377.0 260.0 242.7 394.1 195.2 251.1 194.6 199.6 393.9 371.0 239.7 303.5 X45. 7 346.0 244.3 616.7 378.9 573.8 560.1 66.4 71.1 75.5 10.5.9 90.3 98.0 74.9 57.4 49.6 64.1 43.3 59.7 60.3 44.3 62.1 67.5 21.5 26.8 29.1 51.4 102.4 168.6 55.7 37.4 44.8 46.8 49.5 35.1 134.4 112.6 109.7 111.0 121.1 97.9 65.9 117.9 152.6 68.1 Si. 9 72.2 163.1 i 89.9 I 112.8 133.3 80.4 88.0 96.1 72.8 99.0 99.2 174.4 125.4 99.1 190.5 79.4 71.6 58.0 76.9 132.0 151.7 349.1 60.1 47.3 134.6 16.5 86.3 62.1 .30.6 112.4 38.9 75.8 46.x 95.0 52.5 85.2 19.4 35.5 3.3.3 73.4 43.6 92.3 39.8 62.1 411.1 340.0 268.1 232.0 263.2 198.0 153.4 144.0 231.0 51.3 ; 44.1 1 21.2 I 73.7 23.4 53.0 24.1 56.9 51.6 63.9 64.2 I 135.3 183.0 55.3 147.4 57.4 126.0 45.7 77.8 163.8 ! 193.2 I 139.4 ' 245.7 282.0 376.1 476.2 351.1 470.3 420.8 318.2 261.9 293.7 211.1 254.8 277.3 314.2 219.3 304.7 235.6 87.7 153.6 183.7 227.4 249.2 359.3 990.4 237.7 193.2 201.4 215.8 246.4 131.7 223.4 159.5 183.4 239.8 136.1 213.2 98.0 168.6 163.1 130.7 113.1 160.9 98.5 201.9 108.4 222.7 172L2 225.9 ! 260.4 389.8 441.2 416.1 460.1 542.0 339.4 228.3 344.3 533.9 Admitted during the year. Native white. 91.2 124.5 263.2 383.0 450.0 260.5 390.7 531.1 350.9 313.3 335.1 370.6 359.3 439.9 626.4 518.5 496.5 483.3 282.1 379.1 430.9 405.5 399.0 4S5.9 2,875.6 281. 6 193.8 162.7 86.7 217.3 152.5 385.6 273.9 259.7 426.3 145.0 97.8 94.9 82.2 90.8 75.7 61.1 76.0 87.0 Foreign- born white. 143.2 120.6 115.2 115.4 129.4 102.3 72.9 124.7 159.5 205.4 266.7 204.2 I 225.5 ! 410. 1 384.3 I 250.6 ; 321.4 161.8 3SS.9 256.1 628.6 397.4 596.3 584.8 95.8 104.1 109.4 167.9 145.5 155.9 117.7 92.2 78.7 93.8 63.1 94.0 94.9 150.2 76.5 95.5 101.6 41.1 45.2 46.9 74.3 74.6 153.3 ' 225.9 88. 2 61.0 74.3 76.8 81.4 I 57.0 ! 80.6 62.5 78.6 88.0 32.6 59.2 I 72.1 67.1 79.0 71.1 31.6 110.3 38.2 84.9 43.3 77.5 76.7 91.6 90.4 74.1 91.4 78.3 172.9 96.7 119.9 143.3 85.7 93.9 101.6 75.8 104.2 104.3 180.9 129. S 101.9 198.8 85.9 74.8 60.0 SO. 5 139.0 161.3 365.9 64.4 30.8 144.6 17.3 91.1 6S.1 PER CENT 0» FOREIGN- BORN WHITE — .\mong insane enu- mer- ated on Jan. 1, 1910. 28.8 33.9 37.9 29.5 31.4 7.4 2.9 8.6 39.8 43.1 Among insane ad- mitted in 1910. 25.5 In the total popu- lation: 1910. 34.9 37.0 25.5 24.0 5.2 2.3 7.7 31.7 38.0 114.9 79.9 101.6 92.2 37.3 78.0 96.9 70.1 140.9 189.6 57.8 156.1 63.7 141.7 47.9 79.3 171.7 200.8 145.6 10.1 26.0 17.8 38.5 3i.7 33.8 43.1 35.8 28.1 17.9 12.5 32.0 37.2 47.0 57. 4 24.5 17.2 64.8 42.2 36.8 18.0 15.0 14.8 23.1 1.9 6.0 0.4 0.3 1.0 5.5 4.3 2.2 2.3 1.9 3.0 6.0 7.0 1L8 SI. 8 38.7 40.1 32.1 15.1 48.1 45.3 48.3 46.0 37.8 43.6 14.7 I 25.2 , 13.3 I 40.5 32.7 32.1 4Z6 32.3 28.1 17.2 9.1 29.4 29.9 34.9 47.8 17.9 15.7 55.4 35.3 24.8 11.5 18.1 1 12.4 14.2 1.3 5.5 0.9 0.2 1.2 6.5 3.7 LS 2.2 1.2 I 2.4 7.7 5.0 10.1 44.6 36.5 35.7 25.9 15.5 43.7 28.2 25.0 44.7 : 33.7 I 36.2 I 27.7 25.0 16.8 13.9 2.4 1.0 4.0 16.8 20.5 14.8 22.4 14.0 31.2 32.8 29.5 29.9 25.9 18.8 12.5 5.9 21.3 21.2 22.0 26.2 12.3 7.0 27.1 17.2 14.8 8.0 8.6 8.0 7.4 1.3 4.7 0.3 0.4 0.6 4.S 1.7 0.8 0.9 0.5 1.1 3.1 2.4 6.3 24.4 12.4 18.6 15.9 6.9 22.9 17.0 22.0 21.1 15.3 21.8. ' Ratio is based upon the number of white persons of the same nativity 15 years of age and over in the total population. IMMIGRANTS. 31 Nationalities according to country of birth. — lii Table 19 the foreign-born white insane enumerated in hos- pitals on January 1, 1910, a.id also those admitted to such institutions during 1910, are classified according to country of birth. The table shows the ratio of the insane born in each country to the total nimiber of pei-sous in the United States born in the same country. The ratios are conspicuously high for persons born in Ireland. Of the natives of that coiuitry 974..3 per 100,000 were enumerated in insane asylums on Janu- ary 1, 1910 — a proportion of almost 1 per cent. The natives of that country admitted to insane asylums during the year 1910 represent a ratio of 209.5 per 100,000. The natives of Switzerland ranked next to the Irish, having a ratio per 100,000 of 602.4 insane enmnerated and of 157 insane admitted. At the other extreme are the natives of Italy, with a ratio of 136.2 per 100,000 for insane enumerated and a ratio of 64.3 per 100,000 for insane admitted. The ratios are rela- tively low also for the natives of Russia and Austria- Huiagary and for the Canadian French. For the na- tives of Gei-many, Norway, Sweden, and France the ratios do not difi^er widely, ranging somewhat above the average for all foreign born; for the natives of England and Wales, Scotland, Denmark, and for the Canadian English the ratios are considerably lower. Table 1 9 COUNTRY OF BIBTB. Total 13.345.545 FOREIGN-BOEN WHITE- In total population; 1910. Austria-nunCTrv i ' 1 , 670. 524 Canada— English , 810.987 Canada— Frendi ' 385.0SI France | 117.236 Germany' I 2. ,501, 181 Great Britain \ 1,219.968 Englandand Wales I 9.58.934 Scotland '• 261,034 Ireland ! 1,352,155 Italy 1 1,343,070 I' 1,602,752 Scandanavian countrie.s. Norway Bweden Denmark Switzerland other countries. 1,250,662 401.858 665. 183 181,621 124,834 967,093 In hospitals for the insane: 1910. Enumerated on Jan. 1. 126.9 133.0 131.5 96.9 157.0 72.7 1 In the census of the insane 1 ,313 persons enumerated in hospitals on Januarv 1 , 1910, and 429 persons admitted to hospitals in the year 1910 were returned a.s bom in Poland. As Poland is not a separate country politically, it may he assumed that this return designated persons of Polish race or extraction bcm in the Polish prov- inces of Austria, Germany, or Kussia. Accordingly, tbenumber of insane returned as bom in Poland have for the purposes of the clas'^ifical ion hy country of birlh been distributed between tliese three countries on the basis of the'distribution, as shown In the general population census, of the total number of persons born in these coun- tries who were Poles according to race or mother tongue. Xo iloubt the differences in these ratios are to some extent attributable to differences in the age com- position of the several nationalities. It is not possible, however, to make allowance for the age tlifferences on the basis of any available statistics, because the Bureau of the Census has never tabulated age returns for the foreign born by country of birth. Un- doubtedly the Irish as compared with most other for- eign nationalities include a much larger percentage of old persons, because they represent an earlier immigra- tion. The Italians, on the other hand, representing a very recent immigration, are comparatively young. But the mere factor of age can hardly be the complete explanation of the marked contrast between these two nationalities as regards the proportion of insane pres- ent or committed to asylums, and in general this factor probably does not go very far toward explaining the variations in the ratios for other nationahties. In Table 20 the number and ratio of admissions of the insane born in foreign countries are given by geo- graphic divisions. The order or rank of the several nationalities as determined by the ratio of admissions varies consid- erably in different divisions. In making comparisons, however, it should be noted that in some divisions a given nationality may be represented by such small numbers that the ratio has little significance. Fur- thermore, it should be noted as regards the classifica- tion by country of birth that the natives of some countries are by no means homogeneous in race or stock. The natives of Russia in the United States, for instance, when classified by mother tongue are, according to the population cen.sus of 1910, 52.3 per cent Jews, 26.1 per cent Poles, 8.6 per cent Lithuanians or Letts, 7.6 per cent Gennans, and only 2.5 per cent Russians. The racial composition varies %videly, more- over, in different sections of the United States. In the Middle Atlantic di^^sion, for instance, the natives of Russia are 62.7 per cent Jews and only 1 .6 per cent Ger- mans; while in the West North Central division they are only 26 per cent Jews and are 51.8 per cent Ger- mans. Naturally, these diversities in racial composi- tion must have considerable effect in producing a varia- tion in the characteristics of the "Russians" in chffer- ent geographic divisions. Similarly, the natives of Austria-Hungary comprise a diversity of races varying in their relative importance in different sections of the United States. The natives of Germany include a con- siderable number of Poles and a smaller number of Jews; the natives of Switzerland, although mainly Genuan by race, include considerable French and Italian elements. 32 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 20 POEEIGN-BOKN WHITE: 1910. COUNTRY OF BIRTH. In the total popu- lation. .\dmitted to hospitals for the insane. In the total popu- lation. -Admitted to hospitals for the insane. In the total mtion. Admitted to hospitals for the insane. In the total popu- lation. Admitted to hospitals for the insane, j In the total popu- lation. .Admitted to hospitals for the insane. Num- ber. Per 100,000. Num- ber. Per 100,000. Num- ber. Per 100,000. Num- ber. Per 100,000. Num- ber. Per 100,000. DNITED STATES. NEW ENGLAND. i MIDDLE ATLANTIC. EAST NORTH CENTRAL. WEST NORTH CENTRAL. All foreign countries 13,345,545 15,523 116.3 1.814,386 2,438 134.4 4,826,179 5,433 112.6 3,067,220 3,365 109.7 1,613,231 1,790 111.0 AustrJa-Hungarv 1,670, .'24 810,987 385,083 9:8,934 117, 2S6 2,.';01,181 1, .362,155 1,343.070 1.250,662 1,602, 7; 2 261.034 124, .834 967,093 1,5£2 1,0,-iO 266 1,148 146 3,193 2, .833 863 1,587 1,-n 297 196 703 92.9 127.0 69.1 119.7 124.5 127.7 209.5 64.3 126.9 106.6 113. S 157.0 72.7 86,490 245,819 278, 1£6 159,377 10,917 70.261 334,475 179,428 80,906 192,697 48,413 3,715 117,692 100 376 172 232 16 123 778 107 120 238 73 4 99 115.6 152.9 61. S 145.6 146.6 175. 1 232.6 69.6 138.1 123.5 150.8 107.7 84.1 821,495 119.959 27,012 .343,742 39,663 754,939 615,717 783,758 141,022 893,498 88,975 31,344 769 156 20 399 46 1,017 1,229 512 186 806 89 45 93.6 130.0 74.0 116.1 116.0 134.7 199.6 6.5.3 131.9 90.2 100.0 143.6 96.3 479,721 223,672 46,614 188,389 19,004 921,417 179,257 146,824 320,200 274,993 48,712 33,229 185,188 368 236 35 221 31 1,105 330 78 439 309 49 51 113 76.7 105.5 75.1 117.3 163.1 119.9 184.1 .63.1 137.1 112.4 100.6 153.5 61.0 140, .552 84.065 17,920 76,867 9,681 426,531 78,607 38,234 476,223 118,682 21,814 19,171 104,894 120 96 22 85 8 603 181 16 506 140 24 43 46 85.4 114.2 122.8 Enpland and Wales 110.6 82.6 Germany 117.9 230.3 Italy 41.8 Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. . 106.3 118.0 110.0 224.3 Othe'"countries . 166,055 i 159 43.9 SOUTH ATLANT rc. EAST SOUTH CENTRAL. WEST SOUTH CENTRAL. MOXraTAIN. PACIFIC. All foreign countries - 290,555 352 121.1 86,857 85 97.9 348.759 230 65.9 436,910 515 117.9 861,448 1,315 152.6 Aiisfrio-TTnTirnrv 30.871 7,725 763 24,588 2,747 63,239 27,471 38,277 5,712 49. 141 7,143 2,071 30,807 32 13 2 37 5 98 61 16 11 46 4 1 26 103.7 16S.3 262.1 ISO. 5 182.0 155.0 222.1 41.8 192.0 93.6 56.0 48.3 84.4 4,731 3,096 331 8,505 1,829 28,616 10, 123 8,181 2,653 8,152 2,053 2, 748 5,489 4 1 84.5 32.3 29,274 7,509 l,0l5 15,910 8,242 69,737 11,9.85 31,686 11,219 14,108 4,151 3,767 140, 126 23 5 1 13 8 61 23 11 8 8 4 1 64 78.6 66.6 95.7 81.7 97.1 87.5 191.9 34.7 71.3 66.7 96.4 26.5 45.7 36,621 30,896 5,276 60,506 4,264 42,897 26,872 34,432 67,838 18,592 15,142 6,970 86,604 48 34 7 42 1 66 75 38 72 34 24 9 65 131.1 110.0 132.7 69.4 23.5 163.9 279.1 110.4 106.1 182.9 158.5 129.1 75.1 40,769 88.216 7.966 81,060 20, 889 123,644 67,648 82,260 138, .889 32,889 24,181 21,819 131,238 88 113 7 113 27 193 143 82 242 118 27 39 123 215.9 128.1 87.9 Englapd and Waie*^ 6 4 27 13 3 3 10 3 3 S 70.5 218.7 94.7 128.4 36.7 113.1 122.7 119.9 109.2 145.7 139.4 France 129.3 166.1 Ireland 211.4 Italy . 99.7 Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. . Russia' 174.2 358.8 111.7 Switzerland 178.7 Other countries 93.7 Length of time in the United States. — In Table 21 the foreign bom admitted to insane asylums in 1910 are classified according to the number of years they had been in the United States prior to admission. For about one-fourth of the total number, however, infor- mation on this point was lacking. Of those for whom the length of time in tliis country was reported 348, or 3 per cent, had been here less than 1 year; 597, or 5 per cent, had been here less than 2 years; and 1,679, or 14.3 per cent, less than 5 yeai-s. On the other hand, rather more than one-haK of those reported (51.5 per cent) had been in the United States 20 years or more. Table 3 1 foeeign-born white in the total population: 1910 (apr. 15). foreign-born white admitted to hospitals for the insane: 1910. Year of immigration. Lengrt^li of time in the United States in years (y.) and months (m.)- Number. Per cent distribu- tion. Number of years in the United States. Number. Per cent distribu- tion. Total 13,345,545 Total 15,523 1,318,959 12,026,586 231,696 573,585 405,631 694,362 623,647 520, 161 1,479,844 Number of years not reported 3,743 11,780 348 249 271 383 428 100.0 1.9 4.8 3.4 5.8 5.2 4.3 12.3 8.7 9.6 44.1 Number of years reported 100.0 1910, to AprillS Less than 1 y 1909 SJ m to 1 y at m 3.0 1 y. to 2 y 2.1 1907 2y 3i m to3y 3t m 2 y. to 3 y 2.3 3v. to4y 3.3 1905 4y. toSy 3.6 5 y . to 10 y 1,642 1,066 1,322 6,071 13.9 1806 to 1900 9 y 31 m tol4y 3V m 1 . 046. 500 10 y. to 15 y 9.0 isqi to 1SQ5 14 V 3t m to 19 V 3V m < l! 148! 645 15y.to20y 11.2 5,302,515 20 y. and over 51.5 In this connection the question naturally arises as to how tliis distribution of the foreign-born white admitted to insane asylums compared with the corre- sponding distribution of the foreign-born white in the total population, and in particular whether the pro- portion who have been in this country a short time is relatively larger among the insane than it is in the total foreign-born population, which, if true, would in- dicate that the recent immigrants — in proportion to their numbers — were contributing more inmates to our insane asylums than the earlier immigrants. The sta- tistics of the general population census furnish a basis for this comparison. The comparison can not be made quite so exact as would be desirable, because the popu- lation census was taken as of April 15, and the ques- tion asked on the schedule was not for the number of years in the United States but the calendar year in which the person enumerated immigrated. It is there- fore impossible to use an even number of years of residence as the dividing line and thus make the IMMIGRANTS. 33 classiflcatioii correspond exactly to that used for the insane. This difference does not, however, materially affect the value of the comparison, which is facilitated by placing the classification of the total foreign-bom wliito population according to year of immigration side by side in Table 21 ^^^th that of the foreign-born white insane accorchng to number of years in the United States. It is evident from this comparison that thei'e is a smaller proportion of recent arrivals among the immi- grants committed to insane asylums than there is in the total immigi-ant population. Of the total for- eign-born white population in 1910 (exclusive of those for whom the length of residence in the United States was not reported) 25.4 per cent had come to the United States since 1904, and had therefore been here less than 5 years (or to be exact, less than 5 years, 3J months), while of the foreign-born white admitted to insane asylums during 1910, 14..3 per cent had been here less than 5 years. The fact should not be over- looked in this connection that the incompleteness of the returns introduces an element of uncertainty in this comparison. The percentages in each case are based on the total number for whom the information as to length of residence in the United States was obtained, comprising about 90 per cent of the total foreign-born white population and about 75 per cent of the foreign-born whites admitted to asylums. The omission of 10 per cent in one case and of 25 per cent in the other would not have any material effect upon the comparison, however, provided that the distri- bution by length of time in the United States in case of the "not reported" class does not radically differ from the distribution of those for whom length of residence was reported. In Table 22 the assumption is made that the distribution was the same, and on that assumption the foreign-born white for whom the length of time in the United States was not reported are apportioned on the basis of the per cent distribu- tion shown by those for whom reports were obtained. It is safe to say that this assumption is not so far WTong as to affect the value of the comparison. At the same time a readjustment has been made in the distribution of the foreign-born population by length of time in the United States, so as to have the classi- fication agree with that for the insane. This read- justment, although it involves estimates, is doubtless sufficiently accurate to serve as a basis on which to compute the ratios given in the last column of the table. For the foreign-born wliites who have been in this country less than five years the ratio of commitments to hospitals for the insane was 69.7 per 100,000. For those who have been here a longer time the ratios, as indicated by the above table, arc nearly twice as large. It should be noted in this connection that under the laws regulating inamigi-ation not only are aliens who are insane or have been insane within five years or have 27622°— 14 3 had two attacks of insanity debarred from entering the United States, but those who within three years after their arrival become a pubhc charge from iasanity, or other causes existing prior to landing, must be deported. Under these provisions of the law, in the fiscal year 1910, 169 immigrants were debarred from entering the United States because of insanity and 677 who had already entered were deported as insane, of whom 640 had become pubUc charges. This factor, however, would not go very far toward accounting for the low ratio of admissions among recent immigrants. If the 169 who were debarred from entering the United States had entered and then been committed to in- stitutions for the insane in the year 1910, the ratio of admissions per 100,000 for the foreign born who have been in this country less than 5 j^ears would have been about 75 instead of 69.7 — a not very material increase. As regards the 677 who were de- ported it may be assumed that they had practically all been committed to institutions for the insane prior to deportation, although they may not all have been committed in the year 1910. Thus the influence of deportations would be reflected in some reduction of the permanent population of the institutions for the insane rather than in the number of admissions.* Table 22 LENGTH OF TIME IN THE UNITED STATES. Total. . Less than 5 years. . 5 years to 10 years. 10 years and over. . POEEJGN-BOBN WHITE:' 1910. Total. 13,345,545 3,175,998 1,598,963 8,570,584 Admitted to hospitals for the insane. Number. 15,523 2,214 2,162 11,147 Per 100,000. 116.3 69.7 135.2 130.1 I In this table the number of foreign-bom whites for whom length of time in the United States was not reported has been apportioned on the basis of the per cent distribution shown by those for whom reports were obtained. To some extent a lower ratio for the new arrivals than for immigrants who have been here longer is a natural result of the fact that, as indicated by the statistics, the ratio of commitments to hospitals for the insane in all classes of the population increases mth advancing age. It is to be expected, therefore, that the recent immi- grants, being also the younger immigrants, should have a lower ratio than their predecessore, who, having been in this country many years, included a larger propor- tion of old people. Other influences are doubtless operative, which may either partiaUy counteract the effect of the difference in age, or, on the other hand, may accentuate it. The statistics by countiy of birth, presented in the preceding section, indicate that some of the nationalities representing the earlier immigra- tion have a much liigher insanity ratio than most of the nationalities belonging to the recent immigration, ' In addition to the insane deported by the National Govern- ment some states deport large numbers of insane at their own expense. In the year 1912 the state of New York returned to other countries 7-52 alien insane inmates of New York institutions. 34 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. the difference being apparently greater than can be accounted for by the mere difference in age. In other words, the question is doubtless one of racial charac- teristics as well as one of age, of legal restrictions, and of other influences. INSANITY AMONG NEGROES. The 187,791 insane in hospitals enumerated on January 1, 1910, included 12,910 negroes, and the 60,769 insane admitted to hospitals in the year 1910, included 4,384 negroes. The negi'oes thus constituted about 6.9 per cent of the insane enumerated on Januaiy 1, and 7.2 per cent of the insane admitted during the year, while of the total population of the United States they constituted a little over 10 per cent. Taking the country as a whole, therefore, the negroes in propor- tion to their numbers have fewer representatives in insane asylums than the whites. For negroes the number of admissions per 100,000 population was 44.6; for the wliites it was 68.7. Equally marked is the contrast as regards the ratio of inmates present on January 1 — 131.4 per 100,000 for negroes as compared with 213.2 per 100,000 for whites. Table 23 indicates that the difference between the two races as regards the relative numbers in hospitals for the insane was on the whole less striking at the census of 1910 than it was at earlier censuses. For both races the ratios show a marked increase. Table 23 INSANE. WUte. Negro. YEAE. Number. Per 100,000 white popula- tion. Number. Per 100,000 negro popula- tion. ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS DURING THE TEAB. 1910 56,182 46,300 68.7 4,384 44.6 64.1 3,217 35.0 1904 PBESENT IN HOSPITALS ON A GIVEN DATE. 1910 1904 1890 1880 174,224 140,312 69, 729 39, 122 213.2 194.3 126.8 90.1 12,910 9,452 4,299 1,720 131.4 102.8 57.5 IN THE TOTAL POPtaATION. 1890 99, 719 S.3.803 181.4 197.7 6,535 5,993 87 5 1880 91.1 Northern negroes compared with Southern negroes. — As almost 90 per cent of the total negro population is in the South, the figures for this race naturally reflect conditions prevailing in that section of the country, where the ratio of admissions to institutions for the insane is in general lower both for whites and for negroes than it is in other parts ot the United States. Table 24 INSANE IN hospitals: 1910. Enumerated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. DIVISION AND STATE. White. Negro. White. Negro. Number. Per 100,000 white population. Number. Per 100,000 negro population. Number. Per 100,000 white population. Number. Per 100,000 negro population. United States 174,224 213.2 12,910 131.4 56,182 68.7 4,3S4 44 6 New England 19,243 50,811 40,247 22,032 14,634 296.9 269.1 224.5 194.1 181.3 314 1.520 970 579 5.308 473.6 363.7 322.4 238.6 129.1 6,862 14,209 12, 867 7,180 4,820 105.9 75.3 71.8 63.3 69.7 102 439 304 260 1.900 1.53 8 Middle Atlantic . . 105 1 West North Central 107 I 46.2 Delaware . 353 2,807 2,235 2,294 1,612 1,828 892 2,153 460 7,220 206.3 264.2 946.5 165.1 139.3 121.8 131.3 150.4 103.7 125.5 88 413 648 1,340 109 694 649 979 388 2,537 282.2 177.8 686.1 199.7 169.9 99.4 77.6 83.2 125.7 95.6 104 1,143 444 781 463 680 316 717 172 2 732 60.8 107.6 188.0 56.2 40.0 45.3 46.5 60.1 38.8 J7 .T 23 129 1.50 453 32 236 330 394 153 950 73 8 District of Columbia 158 8 49 9 33.8 South Carolina .... 39 5 33.5 Florida . 49.6 East South Central 35. S ' Kentucky 2,968 1,731 1,366 1,155 6,816 146.4 101.1 111.2 146.9 101.4 670 472 673 822 1,531 217.8 99.8 74.1 81.4 77.2 1,054 676 584 418 2,609 52.0 39.5 47.5 53.2 38.8 173 256 247 274 343 66.1 Tennessee 5J. 1 27.2 Mississippi 27.1 West South Central 17.3 A rt.'H^'yis . 941 1,452 948 3,475 3,469 9,752 83.2 154.3 65.6 108.4 137.6 242.4 151 705 128 547 57 94 34.1 98.8 93.0 79.3 265.5 322.0 222 366 682 1,339 1.577 3.326 19.6 38.9 47.2 41.8 62.6 82.7 33 125 48 137 29 57 7.5 Louisiana 17.5 34.9 Texas 19.9 135.1 Pacific 1«.2 NEGROES. 35 Outside the South the ratio is higher for negroes than for whites in every geograpliic division (see Table 24). In New England, for instance, the ratio is 105.9 per 100,000 for whites, as compared with 153.8 per 100,000 for negroes, and in the Middle Atlantic division the ra- tios are 75.3 per 100,000 and 105.1 per 100,000, respec- tively. In the South Atlantic division, on the other hand, 59.7 out of 100,000 whites were admitted toiasane asylums, as compared with 46.2 out of 100,000 negroes. In the East South Central division the number of ad- missions per 100,000 population was 47.5 for whites and 35.8 for negroes; and in the West South Central division it was 38. 8 and 17.3, respectively. There are some individual Southern states, however, in which, as in the North, the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane is higher for negroes than for whites. These states are Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia, Florida, Kentucky, and Tennessee. The fact that the negroes in the South have a lower ratio of atlmissions than the whites does not necessarily indicate that insanity is less prevalent in one race than in the other. The difference in the relative numbers admittefl to asylums for the insane may be influenced by the local distribution of the two races, by their practice as regards taking steps to have the insane placed under institutional care or restraint, and by the relative sufficiency of the provisions made for caring for the insane of each race. What the effect of such factors may be it is difFic.ult to deter- mine, but it seems probable that they furnish at least a partial explanation of the differences between the two races as regards the proportionate numbers ad- mitted to institutions for the inane. It is fm-ther- more probable that, because of illiteracy, poverty, and ignorance among the negroes, cases of insanity, especially those which are forms of senile dementia, are less likely to be diagnosed or detected in this race than among the whites. Comfarison by age periods. — Table 25 gives, by age groups, the number of whites and of negroes admitted to hospitals for the insane in the North and in the South, with the ratios per 100,000 population in each age group. The "North" as here defined includes the New England, Middle Atlantic, and the two North Central divisions; the "South" includes the South Atlantic and the two South Central divisions. For the West, comprising the Mountain and Pacific divi- sions, the figures are not presented by age groups, because of the very small number of negroes in that section. In the North the ratio of admissions is higher for negroes than for whites in every age group, although in one group, 55 to 59 years, the ratios are pi'actically identical. Too much significance, however, should not be attached to minor variations between the different groups, for the reason that in the North the number of negroes in the older groups is so small that a small change in the number committed from any one group would have a considerable effect upon the ratio. The comparison is of value mainly as indicating that in the North the higher ratio of admissions for negroes as compared with whites is not explainable by the differ- ence in the age composition of the two races. Table 25 AGE OEOnP. All ages Under 15 years... 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 "years 65 years and over. Age unknown All ages Under 15 years... 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over Age unknown All ages Under 15 years... 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 vears 60 to 64 years 65 years and over .\ge unknown .A.llages raaiNE ADMITTED TO H0SPITAI.9: 1910. White. Number. Per 100,000 white popula- tion. Negro. Number. Per 100,000 negro popula- tion. UNITED STATES. 56,182 68.7 272 1.1 2,215 27.8 5,101 63.9 6,394 88.1 6,696 106.8 6,945 121.2 6,046 126.5 5,349 131.7 4,609 129.6 3,208 125.1 2,706 130.8 5,807 159.5 834 4,384 44.6 54 320 579 601 568 629 388 316 253 150 163 348 115 1.5 30.2 56.2 68.2 85.0 79.7 85.2 81.9 77.6 71.6 87.4 118.3 THE NOETH. 41,118 75.3 140 1,552 3,619 4,561 4,776 5,059 4,504 4,050 3,449 2,450 1,983 4,423 552 0.9 29.6 67.5 92.9 111.9 128.2 133.6 140.6 139.3 136.7 137.2 166.4 1,105 107.5 12 56 130 167 133 143 105 87 67 39 49 90 27 8.0 65.0 114.1 133.8 127.2 145. 7 148.1 15S.2 154.6 137.8 228.6 250.2 THE SOUTH. 10,161 49.5 3,193 114 1.5 41 507 23.5 263 1,079 55.2 439 1,246 74.6 422 1,275 90.3 425 1,258 99.2 376 962 99.0 271 837 102.6 221 769 98.7 180 528 92.3 108 473 102.2 111 932 128.6 252 181 84 36.5 1.2 27.1 48.2 56.3 76.2 71.0 71.3 67.5 64.2 60.0 67.7 98.2 THE WEST. Similarly the comparison for the South, as given in Table 25, does not indicate that the difference between the races as regards the ratio of insane is affected to any appreciable degree by the age factor. The ratio for negroes is consistently lower than that for whites in every age group with one exception, and it is doubt- ful whether this exception, occnirring in the age group 15 to 19 years, possesses any special significance; at any rate it has very little effect upon the totals for the respective races. 36 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Diagram 5. — Ratio of White and Negro Insane Admitted to Hospitals in the North and in the South per 100,000 Popu- lation OF THE SAME AgE AND RaCE. YEARS 3S 40 UNDER 16 260r a 120 / / / J 1 1 / .y iii^ 1 / / / &/ j^ MOOT- \ 1 / / N - i/ \^,^ f ' / S 'iA 1 / ) / ■ / / / / / IN -t^*e> ■t^. / / f s. / / / 1 1 i / / / 1 1 , ■ / ^ OES ■" r, / 1 / ^ ^ /" / 1 1 1 / /// r i' ' \ f/ AND OVER 260 With regard to the negroes of the North it should be remembered that they are mostly located in large cities and furthermore that a large proportion of them are immigrants from the South. Doubtless these two circumstances have a direct bearing upon the preva- lence of insanity among them. Being city dwellers they are exposed to those influences which in general make the insanity rate higher in cities than in rural districts. Being immigrants they have to adjust them- selves to a new environment which so far as they are concerned is probably an unfavorable one both in climate and in industrial and social conditions. Compared with the foreign^horn white. — A compari- son between the negroes and foreign-born whites as regards the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane is presented, by geographic divisions, in the following table: Table 36 DIVISION. ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 PER 100,000 POPULA- TION OF SAME RACE AND NATIVITY. Native white. Foreign- bora white. Negro. United States 57.9 116.3 44.6 New England 93.6 61.8 61.9 52.1 66.8 46.5 36.4 48.3 60.7 134.4 112.6 109.7 111.0 121.1 97.9 65.9 117.9 152.6 153.8 Middle A tlantic 105.1 East North Central . . 101.1 West North Central 107.1 South Atlantic 46.2 East South Central 35.8 West South Central.. 17.3 135.1 Pacific 195.2 In none of the northern or southern divisions, ex- cept New England, is the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane as high for negroes as it is for the foreign-born whites. As abeady explained, however, the ratio for the foreign-born whites is very materially affected by the peculiar age composition of that class, comprising as it does an exceptionallj* large proportion of adults and small proportion of children. This factor makes the ratio for this class higher than it would be if the age distribution was similar to that of either the negroes or the native whites. When the ratios are compared by age groups, as given in Table 27, it will be found that in every age group, with one exception, the ratio for northern negroes is higher than that for the foreign-born whites. The exception occurs m the age group 55 to 59 years, in which for some reason — possibly on account of erroneous age returns — the ratio for negroes is comparatively low. Table 27 AGE GROUP. AUages^., Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over. ADinTTED TO HOSPITALS FOE THE INSANE DTODJO 1910 PER 100,000 POPULATION Or SAME AGE, RACE, AND NATIVITY. White: United States. Total.i 68.7 1.1 27.8 63.9 88.1 106.8 121.2 126.5 131.7 129.6 125.1 130.8 159.5 Native. 57.9 Foreign- bom. 116.3 1.0 25.6 60.5 84.9 101.7 115.6 120.8 125.4 121.5 116.4 119.9 144.7 1.3 47.5 75.1 94.3 118.0 131.2 134.6 140.0 145.0 141.6 147.9 181.9 Negro. United States. 44.6 In the North. 107.5 1.5 30.2 56.2 68.2 85.0 79.7 85.2 81.9 77.6 71.6 87.4 118.3 5.0 65.0 114.1 133.8 127.2 145.7 148.1 158.2 154.6 137.8 228. 6 250.2 In the South. 36.5 1.2 27.1 48.2 56.3 76.2 71.0 71.3 67.5 64.2 60.0 67.7 98.2 ' Includes nativity unknoNvn. ^ Includes age unknown. NATIVE AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE. On the basis of the returns as to the birthplace of parents, two mam classes of the native white insane have been distinguished, the one comprising those whose parents were both born in the United States, NATIVE AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE. 37 the other those whose parents were either both foreign born or one foreign born and one a native of the United States. The one class is designated as the native white of native parentage, the other as the native white of foreign or mixed parentage. For something over 10 per cent of the native white insane no in- formation as to parentage was obtained, so that it was necessary to distinguish a tliird class, the native white of unknown parentage. In the tables giving the ratio of admissions to total population, however, the native white insane of unknown parentage have been appor- tioned between the other two classes. The classification of the institutional insane by race, nativity, and parentage, is presented in Table 28. Table 28 INSANE PER CENT DISTRIBUTION — RACE, NATrVITY, AM) PARENTAOE. m hospitals: 1910. Of the insane in hospitals: 1910. Of the total popula- tion; 1910. Enumer- ated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. Enu- mer- ated on Jan. 1. Ad- mitted during the year. All classes 187,791 60,769 100.0 100.0 100.0 White 174,224 56,182 92.8 92.5 88.9 Native 115,402 67,531 28, 186 19,685 54,096 4,726 12,910 657 39,629 24,534 10,685 4,410 15,523 1,030 4,384 203 61.5 .36.0 15.0 10.5 28.8 2.5 6.9 0.3 65.2 40.4 17.6 7.3 25.5 1.7 7.2 0.3 74.4 53.8 Foreign or mixed par Parentage unlinown 20.5 '"'"ii.'s 10.7 0.4 The following table gives the ratio of admissions from each class of the population according to race, nativity, and parentage. This table is one of those in which the native white insane of unknown parentage have been distributed between the two classes of known parentage.* Table 29 RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAOE. All Classes. White. Nat ive Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Foreign bom Nativity unknown Negro Other colored . Total population: 1910. 91,972,266 81,731,957 68,386,412 49,488,575 18,897,837 13,345,545 9,827,763 412,546 INSANE admitted to hospitals: 1910. Number. 60.769 56, 182 39.629 127,858 1 11,771 15.523 1,030 4,384 203 Per ino.ono popula- tion. 68.7 67.9 .56.3 62.3 116.3 44.6 49.2 ' In this table the native white insane of unknown parentage have been appor- tioned between the two classes of known parentage. ' Thia distribution was made for each sex and age group in each geojrrapliic division, the native white of unknown parentat^e beingap- portioned between tlie two classes of known parentage according to the relative numbers of each. The totals for the divisions and for the United States were then obtained by adding the age groups. As the result of this process 3.324 whites of unknown parentage were classified as of native parentage and the remainder. 1,0S6. as of foreign or mixed narentage. The class of white population having the lowest ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane is the native white of native parentage. The ratio for the native white of foreign or mixed parentage is inter- mediate between that for the native white of native parentage and that for the foreign-born white, but is much closer to the former ratio than to the latter. Here again, however, consideration should be given to the effect of the differences in the age composition of the several classes as shown by the following table, which gives the age distribution for the total popula- tion of each class. Table 30 age GKour. .\11 ages ... Under 15 years... 15 to 24 years 25 to 44 years 45 to 64 years 65 years and over pee cent DISTBIBDTION of the POPtlLATION: 1910. Native white. Native parentage. 100.0 35.8 19.7 26.2 13.6 4.4 Foreign or mixed parentage, 100.0 38.2 21.6 27.6 11.2 1.4 Foreign- bom white. 100.0 5.7 15.8 44.1 25.4 8.9 Negro. 100.0 37.3 21.3 26.8 11.3 3.0 Of the three classes of whites distinguished in the above table, the native white of foreign or mixed parentage have the largest percentage of children and the smallest percentage of old people — a condition which would tend to make the ratio of insanity lower for this class than for either of the other classes, because, as already noted, there are very few insane among chil- dren and many, relatively, among old people. The influence of the age factor upon the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane is, however, eliminated in a comparison by age groups as shown in Table 31, which gives for each race, nativity, and parentage class the number of persons in each age group admitted to hospitals for the insane, together with the ratio per 100,000 population of the same class and age. The ratios are also shown in Diagram 6, on page 38. Table 31 INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. Native white.i Foreign-bom white. Ne AGE GROUP. Native Foreign or gro. parentage. parentage. Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per Num- Per ber. 100,000 ber. 100,000 ber. 100,000 ber. 100,000 .Ml ages. . . 27.858 56.3 11,771 62.3 15,523 11G.3 4,384 44.6 Under 15 years.. 189 1.1 67 0.9 10 1.3 54 1.5 15 to 19 years 1,272 25.0 599 27.2 320 47.5 320 30.2 20 to 24 years 2,09S .57.6 1.270 67.8 1.074 75.1 579 56.2 25 to 29 years. . . . 3,201 79.1 1,548 100.2 l,5f.S 94.3 601 68.2 30 to 34 years 3,241 95.3 1,600 117.7 1,7T7 IIS.O 568 85.0 35 to 39 years. . . . 3,204 107.2 1,7.35 135.7 1,848 131.2 529 79.7 40 to 44 years 2,786 113.7 1.415 137.9 l.irn 134.6 388 85.2 45 to 49 years. . . . 2,478 119.6 1,178 139.8 1,005 140.0 316 81.9 50 to 54 years 2,225 114.1 972 142.9 1,341 14,5.0 253 77.6 55 to 59 years 1,637 109.8 641 142.3 982 U1,0 150 71.6 60 to 04 years 1,441 117.4 287 133.9 92S 147.9 163 87.4 65 years and over 3,007 139.3 488 190.9 2,1,52 181.9 348 118.3 .\ge u^kIlow^l... 361 71 163 115 1 In this table the native white insane of unknown parentage have been appor- tioned between the two classes of known parentage. 38 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Diagram 6. — Ratio of (1) Native Whites of Native Pahbntaoe, (2) Native Whites of Fobbion ok Mixed Parentage, (3) Foreign-born Whites, and (4) Negroes Admitted to Hos- pitals for the Insane per 100,000 Population of the same Color, Race, Nativity, and Age. UNDER 16 200 The ratio for the native white of native parentage is uniformly lower than that for either of the other two classes of whites in every age group except the young- est (under 15 years), and very much lower in every age group except the two youngest. There is in general, however, no wide difference between the native white of foreign or mixed parentage and the foreign-born white, the ratios for these two classes in most of the age groups being either nearly identical or not very far apart ; only in the two youngest age groups is there any such con- trast as appears in the ratios for the total for all ages combined. In some groups the ratio for the native white of foreign or mixed parentage is slightly higher than that for the foreign-born white, but usually the latter is the higher of the two. It is evident, then, that the difference between these two classes as regards the relative number of admissions to hospitals for the insane is mainly accounted for by the mere difference in age, or, to be more explicit, by the fact already noted that the one class as compared with the other con- tains a relatively large number of children and rela- tively few old people. In order to determine more definitely just how much effect the difference in age composition has upon the ratios, a computation hke tliat described on page 27 has been made of the ratios which the admissions of the native white of foreign or mixed parentage and the foreign-bom white would bear to the total popu- lation of the same class if each of these classes had the same age distribution as the native white of native parentage. The results of this computation are as follows : Table 32 Native white — Native parentage Native wiiite — Foreign or mixed parentage Foreign-bom white Actual ratios. 56.3 62.3 116.3 Adjusted ratios. 56.3 69.9 71.8 Taking as the standard the age distribution of the native white of native parentage, the ratio for the na- tive white of foreign or mixed parentage becomes 69.9 per 100,000, and that for the foreign-bom white be- comes 71.8 per 100,000, the one ratio being consider- ably increased and the other materially reduced, with the result that the difference between them practically disappears. Thus, while one of the two classes here compared consists of persons bom and educated in the United States and the other consists of immigrants, this important distinction seems not to have any effect upon the proportionate number of admissions to hospitals for the insane. On the contrary, after due allowance has been made for the difference in the age composition of the two classes, it would appear that, according to the ratio of admissions, the ten- dency to insanity is as marked in the second genera- tion as it is in the first. As furnishing perhaps a partial explanation of this lack of contrast may be noted the fact that the local distribution of the two classes is similar. Wherever the foreign-born white are present in large numbers, there is also a large representation of native white of foreign or mixed parentage. The one class is concentrated in cities to about the same extent as the other, and neither class is numerically prominent in the Southern states. Broadly speaking it might be said that the two classes live in the same localities. So far as that is the case they are, of course, exposed to the same local influences and controlled by the same laws and practices as regards the placing of the insane under institutional care. The native white of native parentage, on the other hand, are sharply differentiated from the other two classes as regards both geographic distribution and concentration in cities. This is made evident by Table 33. As indicated by the first three columns of this table, there is not much difference between the native white of foreign or mixed parentage and the foreign-born NATIVE AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE. 39 white as regards the percentage living in cities; but for the native white of native parentage this per- centage is usually much smaller than for either of the other classes. Table 33 population: 1910. Per cent living in urban communities. Per cent distribution by geographic divisions. DIVISION. Native white. For- eign- born white. Native white. Native parent- age. For- eign or mi.\ed parent- age. Native parent- age. For- eign or mixed parent- age. For- eign- born white. United States 36.1 65.3 72.2 100,0 100. 100.0 70.7 65.8 41.2 30.4 22.8 15.7 19.8 33.5 53.0 90.9 82.4 62.2 33.9 71.3 69.8 39.0 42.0 61.5 92.4 83.9 71.4 39.2 66,0 66.7 39.2 39.7 61.3 5.3 17.1 19.7 13.2 14,8 11,0 11,7 3,0 4.3 10.9 29.6 27.0 17.0 2.3 1.1 3.2 3.3 5.6 13.6 Middle .\tlantic.. 36.2 23.0 West North Central. 12.1 Soutli Atlantic 2,2 C.7 West Soulii Central.. 2.6 Mountain 3.3 Pacific 6.5 The differences in the geographic distribution of the three classes are revealed by the figures presented in the last three columns of the table, which show that the three southern divisions included about 37.5 percent of the total native white population of native parent- age in 1910, but only 6.7 per cent of the total native wliite of foreign or mixed parentage and only 5.4 per cent of the foreign-born white. The New England and Middle Atlantic divisions, on the other hand, included only 22.4 per cent of the native white of native par- entage, as compared with 40.4 per cent of the native wliite of foreign or mixed parentage, and 49.8 per cent of the foreign-l)orn white. As it thus becomes evident that comparisons based upon tables for the United States, as a whole, may be more or less affected by differences in the territorial distribution of the several classes, tables have been prepared presenting the statistics by geographic divisions. Table 34 gives, for each geograpliic division, the number of insane admitted to hospitals from each of the thi'ee classes of the white population, with the ratio of admissions per 100,000 population and per 100,000 adults. The ratio based on the total population, being so largely affected by differences in the proportionate number of childi'en in the several classes, may be passed over without further comment. The ratio based on the total number of adults is of more significance. In New England this ratio is substantially the sam(^ for each of the tliree classes of white population here distinguished; and for each class it is higher than it is in any other division, with tlie exception that in the case of the foreign-born white the ratio in the Pacific division is greater than that in New England. In all divisions except New England the ratio for the foreign- born white is higher, and usually considerably higher, than that for either of the other two classes. The ratio for the native white of foreign or mixed parentage is intei-mediatc between the ratio for the foreign-born white and that for the native white of native parent- age in the Middle Atlantic, the two North Central, and the Pacific di\Tsions, but is the lowest of the three ratios in the three southern and the Mountain divisions. Table 34 INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. DIVISION. Native white.' Foreign- bom white. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parentage. NtlMBEB. United Stales. ... 27,858 11,771 15,523 New England 2,765 5,005 5,.'^'' /, ^t \ \ \ .-- / / / / _— — // eo / / / / 60 / / / 1 / / / / / / / 1 i / I // // A comparison of the ratios of admissions by sex for each of the main race and nativity classes (see Table 40) brings out the further fact that the difference between the sexes in tliis respect is most striking in the case of the native whites. In the case of the foreign-born wliites the ratio of admissions is scarcely higher for males than for females, and in the case of the negroes also it is not very much higher. In the case of the native whites, however, there were 64 admissions per 100,000 for the males as compared with 51.7 per 100,000 for the females. The contrast in tins respect between the native and foreign-born white indicated by the ratio of insane enumerated is even more striking. In the case of the foreign-born white this ratio is decidedly higher for females than for males while in the case of the native white the ratio for the males is the higher. The same relationship considered from a different standpoint may be expressed by saying that as regards the ratio of insane enumerated the difference between the foreign born and the native is much greater in the case of females than in the case of males. Table 40 ins.^ne in h03pit.vls per 100,000 population: 1910. CLASS. Enumerated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. Male. Female. Male. Female. \U Classes ' 208.5 199.6 72.1 59.7 Native while 175.0 377.7 133.8 162.3 441.1 129.0 64.0 117.5 47.2 51.7 114.8 Negro 42.1 I Includes white of unknown nativity and "other colored" — classes which are not shown separately in this table. Table 41 gives for each geographic division the number of insane enumerated on January 1 and ad- mitted during the year per 100,000 population of the same race, nativity, and sex. The ratio of admissions during the year was higher for males than for females in every geographic division. In three geographic divisions, however, the New Eng- land, Middle Atlantic, and West South Central, the number of females present in hospitals for the insane on January 1 was higher proportionately than the number of males present. In the case of the first two divisions named this exceptional condition is due to the influence of the large foreign-born element in the population of these divisions; for the native whites taken by themselves show a higher ratio of males present than of females. In the West South Central division the relationship is reversed, the ratio for females being liigher than that for males among the native white but lower among the foreign-born white. This is, however, the only geographic division in which among the native whites the ratio for females surpasses that for males. Genorahzing, it may be said that these statistics in- dicate that in the case of the native white population there is more insanity among males than among fe- males in all sections of the United States, except SEX. 43 possibly I lie West South Central division. In the case of the foreign-born white conditions vary in different parts of the country. In the New England, Middle Atlantic, and West North Central divisions the ratio of insane persons is liigher for foreign-born females than for foreign-born males; this is also true of the East North Central division as regards the ratio of insane present in hospitals, but not as regards the ratio of admissions. In all other geographic divisions the ratios for the foreign-born males exceed those for the foreign-born females. In the case of negroes the ratio of inmates present is higher for females than for males in each of the three southern divisions, but outside the South the ratio of admissions is higher for males in every division except the East South Central. Table 41 INSANE IN hospitals: 1910. Entimerated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. DIVISION, AND RACE -4ND NATrNITY. Male. Female. Male. Female. Number. Per 100,000 male popula- tion. Number. Per 100.000 female popula- tion. Number. Per 100,000 male popula- tion. Number. Per 103,000 female popula- tion. United States: Total' 98,693 20S.5 .S9,096 199.6 34, 116 72.1 26,653 59.7 60,644 28,415 6,536 175.0 377.7 133.8 54.758 25,6.S1 6.374 162.3 441.1 129.0 22, 190 8,838 2.304 64.0 117.5 47.2 17.439 6.685 2,080 51.7 114.8 Negro 42.1 New England; TotaI» 9.M7 295.5 9.933 302.1 3.632 111.2 3,354 102.0 6.446 2,911 159 25,787 280.3 313.6 4S5.0 282.8 5,940 3.728 155 26,593 251.0 420.7 462.4 279.8 2,315 1,225 53 7,866 100.7 132.0 161.7 80.2 2,054 1,213 49 6,803 86.8 1.36. 9 146.2 Middle Atlantic: Total» 71.6 15,487 9,065 782 22, 118 222.7 343.2 384.3 235.5 14,703 10,807 73.S 19,128 207.1 494.7 344.2 215.9 4,758 2,809 227 7,548 68.4 106.3 111.6 80.4 3. ',129 2,624 212 5.643 55.3 120.1 98.9 East North Central: Total I 63.7 Native white 13,720 6,750 570 12,659 1S3.4 387.7 364.4 207.8 12,272 5,401 400 10,024 166.3 407.3 277.0 ISO. S 5.113 2,o:i5 1S6 4,180 68.3 116.9 118.9 68.6 4,090 1,330 lis 3.279 55.4 100.3 81.7 1;\'EST North Central: Total » 59.1 7,784 4,125 346 10,372 155.7 436.6 274.9 169.1 6,520 3.008 233 9,580 137.6 450.0 199.5 15S. 1 2.828 1,026 142 3,730 56.6 108.6 112.8 60.8 2,242 764 118 2.995 47.3 114.3 Negro - South Atlantic: TotaU 101.0 49.4 Native white 6,531 1,001 2,617 4,939 166.4 579.0 12S.9 116.3 6,273 474 2.691 4,820 162.7 402.8 129.2 115.7 2,478 227 995 2,069 63.1 131.3 49.0 48.7 1,939 125 905 1.616 50.3 106.2 43. S East South Central: Total! 38. 8 3,525 169 1.229 4,.-!37 122.5 334.4 93.4 95.4 3,372 113 1.308 4.076 120.8 311.2 97.9 96.1 1,534 55 468 1,622 53.3 108.8 35.6 35.7 1,103 30 482 1.346 39.5 82.6 36.1 West South Central: ToiaU 31.7 2,996 439 742 2,308 90.6 216.5 74.6 156.2 2,831 281 7S9 1,266 92.4 192.4 79.7 109.6 1,260 140 179 1,134 3S.1 69.1 18.0 76.7 1,061 90 164 489 34.6 61.6 16. S Mountain: TotaU 42.3 1,159 993 32 6,528 102.9 347.2 272.0 275.9 746 429 25 3,676 77.9 2S4.3 257.7 201.3 686 388 16 2,335 60.9 135.7 136.0 98.7 320 127 13 1,128 33.4 134.0 PAcmc: 61.8 2.996 2,962 59 178.0 532.8 370.0 2,101 1,440 35 142.0 471.3 284.2 1,218 933 38 72.4 167.8 238.3 701 382 19 47.4 125.0 143.4 1 Includes white of unknown nativity and "other colored "—classes which are not shown separately in this table. 44 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 42 gives, by sex, for each state the number and ratio of inmates, present on January 1 and of admissions during the year. There are 18 states in wliich the ratio of females in hospitals for the insane on January 1 to the total female population is higher than the corresponding ratio for males. Of these states 12 are in the South and the remaining 16 states are rather widely dis- tributed, including Massachusetts, Connecticut, New York, New Jersey, Indiana, and Utah. As regards the ratio of admissions, however, there are only 4 states in which it is higher for females than for males, namely, Maine, Missouri, North Carolina, and Louisiana. Table 42 insane in hospitals: 1910. Enumerated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. DIVBION AND STATE. Male. Female. Male. Female. Number. Per 100,000 male population. Number. Per 100,000 female population. Number. Per 100,000 male population. Number. Per 100 000 female popula/- tion. United States 98,695 208.5 89,096 199.6 34, 116 72.1 26,653 59 7 Geogeaphic divisions: New England 9,647 25,787 22,118 12,659 10,372 4,939 4,337 2,30S 6,528 295.5 262.8 235.5 207.8 169.1 116.3 95.4 156.2 275.9 9,933 26,593 19, 128 10,024 0,580 4, ,S20 4,076 1,266 3,676 302.1 279. 8 215.9 1.S0.8 158.1 115.7 96.1 109.6 201.3 3,632 7,866 7,548 4,180 3,730 2,069 1,622 1,134 2,335 111.2 80.2 80.4 68.6 60.8 48.7 35.7 76.7 98.7 3,354 6,803 5,643 3,279 2,995 1,616 1,346 489 1,128 102 Middle Atlantic 71.6 East North Central 63 7 West North Central 59.1 South Atlantic 49 4 East South Central 38.8 Weit South Central .... 31.7 Mountain 42 3 61.8 New England: 693 463 528 5,633 650 1,680 14,955 2,913 7,919 5,615 2,235 6,846 3,679 3,743 2,755 2,896 3,231 407 535 1,141 1,694 237 1,569 2,170 1,779 900 1, 032 708 1,531 446 1,968 1,057 981 933 529 1,070 651 2,087 S31 256 105 687 128 265 171 163 1,325 1,0S8 4,115 183.8 214.1 289.2 340.3 240.5 29S.1 326.2 226.4 200.9 230.6 161.6 235.1 252.9 309.7 248.5 252.2 191.4 128.2 168.7 181.8 191.2 229.1 243.5 1,373.0 171.8 139.7 93.9 94.2 117.3 113.2 169.4 95.8 91.3 103.0 05.3 128.1 73.8 103.4 234.1 138.0 114.5 159.5 73.0 223.5 86.9 314.0 201.2 2S3.1 311.0 565 446 462 5,968 593 1,899 16,325 3,129 7,139 4,979 2,292 5,993 3,020 2,844 1,9S9 2,481 2,937 221 329 S49 1,218 204 1,651 720 1,S56 822 1,490 833 1,601 403 1,570 1,147 1,058 1,045 5&3 1,088 459 1,966 166 132 57 512 91 72 171 65 662 477 2,537 154.7 208.1 266.5 348.8 217.8 344.6 360.5 250.2 191.8 213.5 174.0 219. 8 0-59 .t^ 25217 205.6 230,4 182.9 85.2 123.3 150.4 151.3 206.3 253.6 416.1 180.9 142.4 134.5 109.1 122.8 112.4 139.2 106.1 99.4 117.2 7.3.7 132.5 59.2 104.6 111.3 94.3 105.0 139.0 59.8 83.9 96.9 221.7 137.0 165.3 240.6 248 168 150 2,206 267 593 4,461 878 2,527 1,932 672 2,319 1.111 1,514 S66 S63 1,403 142 129 243 534 78 677 426 691 266 435 338 623 196 735 512 4J4 378 152 234 440 796 212 155 30 462 60 104 66 45 609 447 1,279 65.8 77.7 82.2 133.3 98.8 105.2 97.3 68.2 64.1 79.4 48.6 79.6 76.4 125.3 78.1 75.2 83.1 44.7 40.7 38.7 60.3 75.4 105.1 269.5 66.7 41.3 39.6 45.0 47.7 49.7 63.3 46.4 41.3 41.7 18.8 28.0 49.9 39.5 93.4 83.5 32.7 107.3 34.2 87.7 33.5 85.6 92.5 116.3 96.7 261 158 120 2,030 223 562 4,069 762 1,972 1,404 598 1,734 863 1,044 559 648 1,376 82 75 168 371 49 596 171 543 229 481 308 489 129 492 420 387 317 103 257 303 683 66 48 12 260 24 31 37 11 275 143 710 71 4 New Hampshire 73 7 69.2 Massachusetts 118 6 81.9 Connecticut 102 Middle .\-tlantic: New York 89 8 60.9 Pennsylvania 53 East North Central: Ohio 45.4 Illinois 63.7 92.8 West North Central: Minnesota 57 8 Iowa 60 2 85 7 North Dakota 31 6 South Dakota 28.1 Nebraska 29 8 46 1 South Atlantic: 48.6 Marvland 91 S 98.8 52 9 West Virginia 39 7 43.4 South Carolina 40 3 37.5 Florida 36 East South Central: 43.6 Tennessee 38 8 36.4 Mississippi 35.6 West Sodth Central: 13. S 31.3 39.1 Texas 36 4 Mountain: Montana 44 2 34.3 22.1 Colorado 70.6 15.8 Arizona 36 1 21.0 Nevada 37.5 Pacific: 56.9 Oregon 49.6 67.3 ILLITERACY. 45 ILLITEKACY. The term "illiterate" as used ia this report signifies inability to write, and the "percentage of illiteracy" means in general the percentage wliich the illiterates 10 years of age or over form of the total number of persons above that age. Of the 187,737 persons 10 years of age or over enumerated in hospitals for the insane on January 1, 1910, 35,959, or 19.2 per cent, were reported as illiterate; and of the 60,711 persons 10 years of age or over admitted to such hospitals in 1910, 6,901, or 11.4 per cent, were reported as illit- erate. In the general population 10 years of age or over the percentage of illiteracy in 1910 was 7.7. There is therefore a considerably greater degree of illiteracy among the insane than in the general popu- lation. This is a condition which will probably ex- cite no surprise, as it is to be expected that illiteracy would be more common in a mentally defective class than in the general population. In so far as the in- sane in hospitals include representatives of the class kno^vn as feeble minded, it should be remembered that feeble-mindedness is usually a congenital defect which frequently, although not invariably, involves such a degree of mental incapacity as precludes the possibility of learning to read or Avrite. The acquired forms of insanity, however, do not ordinarily develop before adult life and therefore should not interfere with the acquisition of an elementary education. TNTiether insanity is in any degree promoted by illiteracy is at least doubtful. It may be more cor- rect to say that it is to some extent associated with iUiteracy rather than caused by it. By this it is meant that the conditions of life under which chil- dren grow up without learning to read or ^vrite are conditions which may be in some degree conducive to the development of insanity. It might be suggested that the fact of a high per- centage of iUiteracy among the insane could be at least partly explained by the age composition of that class, because, in general, iDiteracy is greater in the older age groups than in the younger, and the insane in hospitals include a relatively large proportion of old people. A study of the statistics, however, indi- cates that in this connection the influence of the fac- tor of age is small and does not go far toward explain- ing the high percentage of iUiteracy among the insane as compared ^vith the general population. Table 43 gives the number and percentage of iUiterates among the insane in hospitals, classified by race and nativity. The negro insane have a higher percentage of iUit- eracy than any of the other classes distinguished in tliis table. The foreign-bom white insane have a higher percentage of illiteracy than the native white, and the native white insane of native parentage a higher percentage than the native white of foreign or mixed parentage. The rank of these several classes in respect to illiteracy is the same for the insane enumerated on January 1 as it is for the insane ad- mitted during the year. The order is also the same as it is for these several classes in the general pop- ulation, thus indicating that iUiteracy among the insane, as would be expected, reflects the iUiteracy of the community (see Table 44). Table 43 DJSAh-E IN HOSPITALS 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910. RACE AND NATIVITY. Number. Percent. Total. Liter- ate. Illiter- ate. Liter- acy un- known. Liter- ate. niit- erate. Liter- acy un- known. ENOMEEATED ON JANTJAET 1. United States, total.. 187,73?' 142,315 35,959 9,463 75.8 19.2 6.0 \VTiite 174, 179 137, 153 28,081 8,945 78.7 18.1 5.1 Native 115,358 67,505 28,176 19,677 54,096 4,725 12,902 656 94,896 56,411 24,863 13,622 40, 452 1,805 4,761 401 16,689 10,331 2,966 3,372 10,224 1,188 7,687 191 3,793 763 347 2,683 3,420 1,732 454 64 82.3 83.6 88.2 69.2 74.8 38.2 36.9 61.1 14.4 15.3 10.5 17.1 18.9 25.1 59.6 29.1 3 3 Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Parentage unknown. 1.1 1.2 13.6 6.3 Nativity unknown Negro 36.7 3.5 9.8 ADMITTED JUKING THE YEAR. United States, total.. 60,711 51,181 6,901 2,629 84.3 11.4 4.3 White 56, 128 49,018 4,861 2,249 87.3 8.7 4.0 Native 39,576 24,497 10,678 4,401 15,522 1,030 4.380 203 35, 649 22,226 9,908 3,515 12,820 549 2,058 115 2,721 1,822 506 393 1,992 148 1,959 81 1,206 449 264 493 710 333 363 17 90.1 90.7 92.8 79.9 82.6 53.3 47.0 56.7 6.9 7.4 4.7 8.9 12.8 14.4 44.7 39.9 3.0 Native parentage. . . . Foreign ormixedpar. Parentage unknown . Foreign bom 1.8 2.5 11.2 4.6 Nativity unknown 32.3 8.3 other colored 8.4 The percentage of iUiteracy, as already noted, is much higher among the insane enumerated on Janu- ary 1 than among those admitted during the year. The latter class, representing for the most part recent cases of insanity, reflect current conditions in the gen- eral population, while the insane enumerated, many of whom have been in hospitals for several years, reflect to a greater extent the conditions that existed in the past. In the general population, illiteracy steadily declines, each generation growing up less iUiteratc than its predecessor. Consequently there is more iUiteracy in the older generations than in the younger, and when the population at any given date is classified by age the percentage of iUiteracy increases regularly from the younger age groups to the older. Therefore the fact that the insane enumerated on Jan- uary 1 were, as a class, older and had been insane a longer time than the insane admitted during the year furnishes a partial explanation of the fact that the percentage of iUiteracy is higher for the former than for the latter. The difference, however, appears to be too great to be fuUy explained by the difference in age. Table 44 gives for comparison the percentages of ilUteracy in the general population by race and na- tivity, in connection with the corresponding percent- ages for the insane. 46 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 44 RACE .4ND NATIVITY. Total. White. Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage.. Foreign born Negro. PER CENT OF ILLITERACY: 1910. Among the insane in hospitals. Enumer- ated on Jan. 1. 19.2 16.1 14.4 15.3 10.5 18.9 59.6 Admitted during the year. 11.4 8.7 7.4 4.7 12.8 44.7 In the general popula- tion. 7.7 5.0 3.0 3.7 1.1 12.7 30.4 For each of the classes distinguished in the above table the percentage of ilhteracy was much liigher among the insane enumerated in hospitals on Jan- uary 1, 1910, than it was in the general population. For the insane admitted during the year it was not as high as for those present on January 1, but was still considerably higher than it was in the general population except in the case of the foreign-born white, for which class the percentage was practically the same for the admissions as it was in the total population of the United States. This would indi- cate that the illiterate immigrants did not in pro- portion to their numbers contribute more inmates to the insane asylums in 1910 than the literate. Com- paring the figures by geographic divisions (see Table 45) it will be found, however, that the differences are by no means uniformly one way. As regards the native white the percentage of illit^ eracy in 1910 was in every geographic division higher among the insane in hospitals than in the general population, and this is true whether the comparison is based on the insane enumerated on January 1 or on the admissions during the year. The same statement holds good also of the negroes in every division where there were enough insane negroes in hospitals to justify showing a percentage. As regards the foreign-born white, however, there is not the same uniformity. In the Middle Atlantic, the South Atlantic, and the West South Central divisions the percentage of illiteracy was higher for the total foreign-born wlaite population than it was for the foreign-bom whites admitted to hospitals for the insane; but that was not the case in any of the other divisions. The reasons for these vari- ations are not at all obvious. They may have to do with the differences in the racial composition of the foreign-born population, which is by no means homo- geneous, being made up of various nationalities which differ greatly in their degree of ilhteracy and also in the percentage of insanity. The fact that the foreign- born population of the Middle Atlantic division, for instance, is 15.6 per cent German, according to country of birth, 18.4 per cent Russian, 16.2 per cent Italian, and loss than 1 per cent French Canadian, while the foreign-born population of New England is only 3.9 per cent German, 9.8 per cent Itahan, and 10.6 per cent Russian, as compared with 15.2 per cent French Canadian, may have something to do \vith the fact that in the one division the percentage of ilhteracy is liigher and in the other lower for the foreign-born white population than it is for the foreign-born white insane admitted to hospitals. The relationsliip be- tween these facts would, however, be very difficult, probably impossible, to establish on the basis of any available data. Table 45 PEE CENT OF ILUTEBACY: 1910. DIVISION. Among the insane in hospitals. In the general lation. Among the insane in hospitals. In the Enumer- ated on Jan. 1. Ad- mitted during the year. Enumer- ated on Jan. 1. Ad- mitted during the year. general lation. ALL CLASSES. NATIVE WHITE. United States 19.2 11.4 7.7 14.4 6.9 3.0 New England 18.3 15.5 15.7 13.8 32.4 34.8 36.0 17.3 11.5 9.6 8.0 8.1 8.3 22.4 24.9 15.2 12.9 8.5 5.3 5.7 3.4 2.9 16.0 17.4 13.2 6.9 3.0 13.4 10.7 14.0 12.5 19.2 23.7 5.9 3.9 5.9 6.1 10,0 17.fi 0.9 1.0 East North Central. . 1.4 1.4 South Atlantic 7.6 9.2 West South Central 26.4 9.0 5.8 16. 8 9. 4 8.2 3.2 2.9 0.4 rOREIGN-BOEN WHITE. NEGRO. United States IS. 9 12.8 12.7 59.6 44 7 30.4 New England 25.8 20.7 17.0 13.0 18.3 14.5 32.4 15.3 14.5 15.4 13.6 11.2 7.7 11.6 (') 14.8 18.1 14.1 13.8 15.8 10.1 7.6 13.5 9.7 25.6 12.5 8.0 29.6 .35.4 39.2 41.5 68.4 67.5 68.5 (') (') 22.5 17.1 32.9 42.3 63.4 46.4 63.9 (') (') 7.8 Middle Atlantic 7.9 11.0 West North (^entral 14.9 32.5 East South Central 34.8 33.1 Mountain 8.0 6.3 1 Percent not shown where base is less than 100. Table 46 gives, by geographic divisions, the percent- age of illiteracy among the insane, classified by race and nativity, together wth the percentage of ilhteracy for the same classes in the general population. MARITAL CONDITION. 47 Table 46 DIVISION, AND RACE AND NATIVITY. UNITED STATES. Total White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign born Negro New England. Total White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign bom Negro Middle Atlantic. Total White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign bom Negro East Noeth Central. Total White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign bom Negro West North Central. Total White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign bora Negro insane in hospitals 10 YEARS OF AGE AND over: 1910. Enumerated on Jan. 1: Percent — Liter- ate. 7S.7 82.3 S3. 6 83.2 74.8 36.9 SO.O 80.3 85.6 86.6 87.3 71.8 67.5 77.0 77.6 S3. 4 88.5 88.8 70.8 56.4 84.8 84.4 88.4 78.7 58.4 79.2 80.3 82.1 85.7 87. S 80.0 44.9 111 iter ate. 19.2 Liter- acy mi- known 16.1 14.4 15.3 10.5 18.9 59.6 18.3 18.1 13.4 13.0 12.2 25.8 29.6 15.5 14.9 10.7 10.4 9.8 20.7 35.4 15.: 15.1 14.0 15.2 10.5 17.0 39.2 13. S 12.9 12.5 11.2 10.2 13.0 41.5 5.1 3.3 LI 1.2 6.3 3.5 1.7 1.0 0.4 0.5 2.3 2.9 7.5 5.9 L2 L4 8.5 8.2 4.0 1.2 0.5 1.0 4.3 2.5 7.0 6.9 5.5 3.2 2.0 7.0 13.6 Admitted during the year: Percent — Liter- 1 Illiter ate. ate. 84.3 87.3 90.1 90.7 92.8 82.6 47.0 87.4 87.7 92.7 92.8 93.5 79.8 68.6 87.7 8S.0 92.8 93.2 93.7 SLl 77.4 88.6 89.3 92.2 93.6 93.3 85.4 63.2 9.2 90.7 92.5 93.3 93.9 89.7 51.2 11.4 8.7 6.9 7.4 4.7 12.8 44.7 9.4 5.9 5. 7 5.6 15.4 22.5 8.0 7.7 3.9 4.0 3.5 13.6 17.1 8.1 7.5 5.9 5.6 5.7 11.2 32.9 8.3 7.0 6.1 5.9 5.3 7.7 42.3 Liter- acy un- known. 4.0 3.0 1.8 2.5 4.6 8.3 3.0 2.9 1.4 1.5 0.9 4.8 8.8 4.3 4.3 3.3 2.S 2.8 5.3 5.S 3.2 3.2 1.9 0.8 1.0 3.4 3.9 2.5 2.3 1.4 0.8 0.8 2.6 6.5 Per- cent- age of il- liter- acy in the gen- eral popu- lation. 5.0 3.0 3.7 1.1 12.7 30.4 5.2 0.9 0.7 1.3 5.6 1.0 L2 0.8 15.8 7.9 3.4 3.2 1.4 1.7 0.9 10.1 11.0 :.9 2.5 1.4 L7 0.7 7.6 14.9 DmSION, and race AND nativity. South Atlantic. Total White Native Native parentage , Foreign or mixed par. Foreign born Negro East South Central. Total White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign born Negro West South Central. Total \Vhite Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign born Negro Mountain. Total White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign bom Negro Pacific. Total White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed par. Foreign born Negro INSANE IN hospitals 10 TEAR S OF AGE AND over: 1910 Enumerated on Jan. 1: Per cent — Liter- ate. 64.8 77.5 78.7 80.5 87.1 79.5 29.8 62.1 73.8 73.8 73.0 89.7 81.6 28.7 62.8 70.2 72.8 74.8 81.7 65.7 30.8 79.2 ,80.0 81.4 83.0 79.2 80.4 (') 80.0 80.4 86.5 91.5 9L5 75.6 (') Illiter- ate. 32.4 19.4 19.2 19.0 12.8 18.3 68.4 34.8 23.3 23.7 24.5 8.9 14.5 67.5 36.0 28.4 26.4 24.8 16.7 32.4 68.5 17.3 16.6 16.8 16.7 18.8 1.5.3 (') 11.5 11.2 8.2 7.5 6.9 14.5 (>) Liter- acy un- known. 3.1 2.1 0.5 0.1 2.2 1.8 Admitted during the year: Per cent — Liter- ate. Illiter- ate, 22.4 87.3 87.9 88.3 96.7 84.4 43.8 3.1 67.4 2.9 2.5 2.5 L4 3.9 3.8 1.4 0.9 0.4 1.6 1.3 0.8 3.5 3.4 1.8 0.3 2.1 4.3 C) 8.5 8.3 5.3 1.0 1.6 10.0 (') 79.1 79.1 80.7 95.2 (') 33.8 87.8 90.3 81.6 81.3 34.7 79.7 85.2 87. 1 9.5.2 73.4 (') 78.4 79.5 80.6 85.4 76.1 80.4 (') 10.1 10.0 10.4 2.8 11.6 53.4 24.9 17.4 17.6 17.5 4.8 (') 46.4 15.2 9.8 9.0 .8.9 11.0 14.8 53.9 12.9 12.5 9.4 11.8 4.2 18.1 (') 8.5 7.5 3.2 3.1 2.8 14.1 (') Liter- acy un- known 2.6 2.1 1.3 0.5 4.0 2.8 3.5 3.2 1.8 19. ( 4.3 3.4 3.1 0.9 4.4 3.9 11.4 5.4 1.1 0.6 8.5 C) 13.1 13.0 16.3 11.5 21.1 5.6 C) Per cent- age of il- liter- acy In the gen- eral popu- lation . 16.0 7.8 7.6 8.0 1.2 13.5 32.5 17.4 9.2 9.2 9.6 1.7 9.7 34.8 13.2 7.2 5.8 5.6 7.7 25.6 33.1 6.9 5.0 2.9 3.6 1.2 12.5 8.0 3.0 2.4 0.4 0.4 0.5 8.0 6.3 ■ Percentage not shown where base is less than 100. MARITAL CONDITION. In the following table the insane in hospitals are classified by marital condition and sex : Table 4T. INSANE IN hospitals: 1910. MARITAL CONDITION. Enumerated on Jan. 1. .Admitted during the year. Male. Female. Male. Female. Total.. . . 98,695 89,096 34 116 56 6.«i.^ Single... 62,683 26,047 5,405 1,040 3,520 37,115 35,975 12,672 1,368 1,966 1 16,501 13,379 2,588 527 1,121 8 907 Married 12,839 Widowed 3 949 459 Compared with the total adult population the insane in hospitals comprise a largo percentage of single persons and a small percentage of married. The con- trast for each se.x is shown by Table 48. The difference as regards marital condition between the insane and the general population is most striking for males. Of the male insane in hospitals on January 1, 1910, 63.5 j)er cent were single, while of the total male population over 15 years of age only 38.7 per cent were single; of the former, 26.4 per cent were married and of the latter, 55.8 per cent. The difference in age between the two classes emphasizes this con- trast as regards marital condition. Of the male insane enumerated 75 per cent were over 35 years of age — that is to say, that proportion had reached the period of life in which the majority of men have entered the married state; of the total male population 15 years of age and over, on the other hand, only about 47 per cent were above 35. Therefore, so far as the factor of age is concerned, the insane should normally comprise a larger percentage of married men and a smaller per- centage of single men than the total adult male popu- lation. In fact, if in each age group the percentages married and single for the male insane present in hos- ])itals on January 1, 1910, had been the same as they were for the total male population of the same age, the total number of single males among the insane would have been only 19,741 instead of 62,683, and the per- centage single would have been only 20.4 instead of 48 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. 63.5. This measures, roughly speaking, the differ- ence between insane and normal men as regards mar- ital condition, the insane in this comparison being represented by those present in hospitals on a given day. Table 48 PEE CENT DISTBIBtmoN BY MARITAL CONDITION. MAEITAL Male adult popu- lation. Male insane. Female adult popu- lation. Female Insane. CONDITION. In hos- pitals Jan. 1, 1910. .Admitted to hos- pitals in 1910. In hos- pitals Jan. 1, 1910. Admitted to hos- pitals in 1910. Total 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 3S.7 55.8 4.5 0.5 0.5 63.5 26.4 5.5 1.1 3.0 48.4 39.2 7.6 1.5 3.3 29.7 68.9 10.6 0.6 0.2 41.7 40.4 14.2 1.5 2.2 33.4 Married . 48 2 Widowed 11.8 Divorced. .. . 1 7 UnKnown 1.9 The large percentage of single persons among the insane enumerated on January 1, 1910, is not to be interpreted as indicating that the single are more liable to become insane than the married. It means rather that the insane as compared with the normal are less likely to marry. Some forms of insanity act as a natural barrier to marriage. Moreover, in most states the marriage of an insane person is prohibited b}^ law, and the probability is that most of the insane who have been married were married before insanity developed. The contrast between the insane and the general population as regards marital condition is not as marked for females as it is for males, but the per- centage single is nevertheless appreciably higher among the female insane present in hospitals than in the total adult female population — 41.7 per cent as compared with 29.7 per cent. That the percentage single is smaller for females than for males both among the insane and in the general population is a result of the fact that women marry at a younger age than men, and this same fact is probably one reason why, as just noted, the difference between the insane and the gen- eral population as regards the percentage who are single is not so great in the case of females as it is for males; that is to say, since women marry younger than men, they are more hkely than men to marry before they reach the age at which insanity develops. The percentage single was much smaller among the insane admitted to hospitals during 1910 than it was among the inmates present on January 1. Of the males admitted 48.4 per cent were single, as compared with 63.5 per cent of those present on January 1; of the females admitted 33.4 per cent were single and of those present on January 1, 41.7 per cent. On first consideration it might be supposed that the proportion single would be smaller among the inmates present than among the admissions because the former, many of whom have been in hospitals a considerable length of time, are as a class older than the persons just ad- mitted; and in the general population the older any group is, the smaller is the proportion single and the larger the proportion married, or wdowed or divorced. This is an inevitable result of the obvious fact that in the general population as each generation grows older the marriages which occur reduce the number of single persons and add to the number who are or have been maiTied. In the case of the insane, however, marriages practically cease after insanity develops and absolutely so after admission to an asylum; so that the principal influence affectmg the proportion married or single is the loss by deaths and discharges, which affect aU marital classes, but probably in different degrees. The death rate is very high among theinsanc, anditis notimprob- able that it may reduce the number married or widowed faster than the number single, for the reason that the former are older than the latter; in so far as that is the case it would result in a larger percentage of single persons among the inmates present on a given day than among those admitted. Table 49 gives the per cent distribution by marital condition of the insane in each geographic division. Xable 49 INSANE m hospitals: 1910. nn'isioN. Male: Per cent- Female: Per cent — Sin- gle. Mar- ried. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Sin- gle. Mar- ried. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. ENUMERATED ON JANUART I. United States 63.5 26.4 5.5 1.1 41.7 40.4 14.2 1.5 63.7 63.5 59.9 65.0 65.2 61.2 62.4 6S.3 70.5 27.6 2S.2 28. 25.0 24.9 28.1 28.1 19.2 17.4 6.4 6.7 5.4 5.1 5.8 5.3 6.4 4.2 3.9 1.2 0.5 1.7 1.7 0.5 0.4 0.4 1.2 1.4 48.2 45.1 37.5 38.9 45.7 38.9 34.6 28.2 33.7 35.2 38.1 42.7 44.7 37.7 39.7 46.6 52.4 44.0 14.4 15.1 13.2 12.4 14.0 15.1 16.1 13.3 15.4 1.6 Middle Atlantic East North Central... West North Central... South Atlantic East South Central... West South Central... Mountain 0.8 2.4 2.4 0.7 0.9 1.1 2.3 Pacific 3.2 ADMITTED DURING THE TEAR. United States 48.4 39.2 7.6 1.5 33.4 48.2 14.8 1.7 49.2 48.4 41.0 50.2 46.4 44.7 49.8 55. 2 59.9 39.0 41.1 41.9 38.2 40.7 40.1 40.9 30.7 26.3 8.7 7.9 7.0 7.7 8.9 8.0 5.5 6.5 5.9 1.7 0.8 2.7 1.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 2.4 2.4 39.5 35.8 30.4 34.5 34.1 30.5 26.6 24.5 27.0 42.2 45.7 49.8 48.4 47.1 60.9 58.4 60.1 53.2 15.4 16.7 14.1 13.5 16.4 12.7 11.4 8.8 14.5 1.8 Middle Atlantic East North Central . . . West North Central... South Atlantic East South Central... West South Central... 1.0 2.9 2.2 0.6 1.1 0.9 2.9 Pacific... .. .. 2.8 OCCUPATIONS. The occupation prior to admission was reported for 29,428 of the 34,116 males admitted to hospitals for the msane in the year 1910 (see Table 22, p. 150). The total number reported included 6,058, general laborers or "laborers (not otherwise specified)," 5,406 farmers, and 1,399 agricultural laborers. These are the three leading occupations and account for more than two- fiftlis of the total number of males for whom an occu- pation was returned. The number classified as en- gaged in agriculture, forestry, or animal husbandry was 7,335. This class consists principally of farmers and agricultural laborers whose numbers have just been given. In manufacturing and mechanical pursuits the number was nearly the same, being 7,048. In trans- CITY AND COUNTRY. 49 portation it was 1,589; in trade, 2,568; in public serv- ice, 410; in professional service, 1 ,271 ; and in domestic and personal service, 1,350. In a general way the occupational classification of the male insane will correspond to that of the total male population. Occupations represented by large numbers in the general population will naturally be leading occupations for the insane, and similarly the occupations of minor importance vnll be the same in botli classifications. Any distinctive features which may differentiate the occupational classification of the male insane from that of the total male population can not, at least without further question, be accepted as a proof that certain occupations are more likely to bring on insanity than others. The occupational dis- tribution of the insane is no doubt afliected by their geographic distribution, by the fact that aa compared with the total population a larger proportion of the insane come from cities and industrial centers and a smaller proportion fi-om the rural and agricultural dis- tricts, by the fact that as a class they comprise rela- tively fewer young people and more old people, or by other causes which are either quite independent of oc- cupational influences or have only a remote or indirect connection with them. This is not to deny that occu- pations may have a direct influence on the liability to insanity. No doubt they do; but the influence is too obscure and too much complicated by other factors to be revealed by any study or analysis of available occu- pational statistics. Of the 26,653 female insane admitted to hospitals in the year 1910, 7,061, or 26.5 per cent, were re- ported as having had an occupation prior to admission (see p. 153). This does not include the women re- ported as doing housework at home. For 3,030 the occupation returned was that of domestic servant; 565 were reported as housekeepers or stewardesses; 590, as clothing makers; and 414, as teachers, profes- sors, or school principals. CITY AND COUNTRY. At the census of 1910 the insane admitted to hos- pitals were for the first time classified with reference to the size or population of the places from which they came, the basis of classification being the answers to two questions on the schedules, one askmg whether the insane person came from ' ' a distinctly rural com- munity" and the other asking for the name of the village, to\vn, or city from wliich he came, in case he did not come from a rural community. In tabulating the returns on this subject incorporated places having a population of less than 2,500 were included m the same class with the distbictly rural communities, in order that the classification might agree with that which the Bureau of the Census apphcd to the general population of the United States. Table 50 summa- rizes the statistics and also shows the distribution of 27G22°— 14 ■} the total population of the United States among the different classes of communities. Table 50 Total population: 1910. INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. CLASS OF COMMUNITIES. Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion. Total 91,972,266 60,769 66.1 42,623,383 36,654 86.0 Cities of— 500,000 and over 11,511,841 8,790,297 4,178,915 4,062.763 5,609,208 8,470,359 43,348,883 11,829 7,901 3,228 3,515 4,239 5,942 20,442 3,673 102.8 100,000 to 500,000 89.9 50,000 to 100,000 77.2 25,000 to 50,001) 86. S 10,000 to 25 ,oon 75.6 2,500 to 10,000 70.2 Rural comniunlties . 41.4 Not reported Of the 60,769 persons admitted to insane asylums in 1910, 20,442 came from rural communities and 36,654 from places having 2,500 or more inhabitants, while for 3,673 the place of residence was not reported. From rural commimities, including all incorporated places of less than 2,500 inhabitants, the ratio of admissions was 41.4 per 100,000 population; from cities, comprising all incorporated places having more than 2,500 inhabitants, the ratio was more than twice as high, being 86 per 100,000. The number of insane coming from the class of smallest cities — those having from 2,500 to 10,000 inhabitants — is equivalent to a ratio of 70.2 per 100,000 persons livmg m those cities ; and with one interruption the ratio regularly' advances with the increasing size of the cities which make up the several classes until it reaches the maximum of 102.8 per 100,000 for the class of largest cities — those haxang more than 500,000 inhabitants. Table 51 gives the ratios of admissions from urban and rural communities by geographic divisions. Table 51 raSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. DIVI.SION. From urban communities. From nii'al communities. Prior Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion. Number. Per 100.000 popula- tion. dence not re- ported. United States 36,654 86.0 20, 442 41.4 3,673 New England 5,804 11,857 8,132 2,898 2,968 1,058 1,096 924 1,917 106,4 86,4 84,6 74.8 96.0 67.2 56,0 97.5 80,5 1,009 2,548 4,608 3,856 3,040 2,264 1,758 549 810 91,9 45,6 53.4 49.7 33.4 33,1 25.8 32.6 44.8 173 Middle Atlantic 264 451 West North Central 705 South Atlantic 717 E'lst Sout h Central 353 114 1.50 736 1 In every division tliti ratio of admissions to the total population is decidedly higher for the urban than for the nu"al population, and in most divisions the contrast in this respect between urban and rural communities is 50 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. nearly or quite as marked as it is for the country as a whole. The difference is very marked in the South and West. It is least marked in New England, partly, perhaps, because for that division the census distinc- tion between urban and rural communities is made on a somewhat different basis from that employed for other sections of the United States, the result being that the "urban" areas of New England include a con- siderable population which in other sections would be classified as rural. ^ Table 52 shows the ratio of admissions per 100,000 population for rural cormuunities and classes of cities by geographic divisions. In five of the geogi-aphic divisions the ratio is highest for the class of largest cities — those having over 100,000 mhabitants. In the West North Central, West South Central, and Pacific divisions, however, the highest ratio is that for cities of from 50,000 to 100,000 mhabitants, and in the East South Central it is that for cities of from 10,000 to 50,000. With one exception, appearing in New Eng- land, the ratio is invariably lower in rural communities than it is in any of the four classes of cities. Table 52 insane admitted to hospitals pek 100,000 population: 1910. From urban communities. DIVISIOK. Total. Cities having a population of— From rural com- 100,000 and over. 50.000 to 100,000. 10.0 00 to 50,000. 2.500 to 10.000. muni- ties. 86.0 97.2 77.2 80.2 70.2 106.4 88.4 84.6 74. S 96.0 67.2 66.0 97.5 80.5 148.7 94.4 90.4 79.9 116. 2 72.4 64.0 180.4 88.3 94.1 68.2 69.0 84.3 88. 9 60.1 65.7 46.4 124.2 97.2 78. 7 83.2 72.0 89.7 75. S 45.5 90.5 53.2 73.8 69.5 77.2 66.0 74.8 64.7 55.2 66.9 76.5 Middle Atlantic 45 6 53.4 West North Central ... 49 7 South Atlantic 33.4 33.1 25.8 32.6 Pacific ... 44.8 In general, these statistics indicate that there is relatively more insanity m cities than in country dis- tricts and in large cities than in smaU cities, although to some extent the differences may be accounted for by differences between city and country as regards the tendency to place cases of insanity under institutional care. The figures may also be affected in some degree by the accident of the location of the hospitals for the insane. Studies made in New York state show that the proportion of admissions from a coimty in which a hospital is located is always greater than from other counties and that the proportion decreases with the ' The reason for this is that within the New England town, which is ordinarily the smallest political unit in that section, there are fre- quently included one or more unincorporated villages or cities which have no distinct political existence or definite boundaries. Accordingly, their population was not enumerated separately by the census, but each town was cla.ssified as urban or rural with reference to its aggregate population. distance from the hospitals. The influence of tliis factor upon the comparison between city and country, however, would not everywhere be uniform. Whether it tended to increase the ratio of admissions from country districts or that from city districts would depend entirely upon the location of the hospitals. Probably it does not go very far toward explaining the higher ratio of admissions from the urban population. Sex. — The following table gives separately the num- ber of males and females admitted to hospitals and also the ratio of admissions from each class of com- munities per 100,000 population of the same sex. The ratio of admissions to liospitals for the insane is higher for urban than for rural communities for both males and females, and the difference is about as marked for one sex as for the other (see Table 53). It follows that the difference between the sexes with regard to this ratio is about as marked in urban com- munities as it is in rural, the one statement being a corollary of the other. In either class of communities the ratio for males is about one-fourth larger than that for females; and for either sex the ratio in urban com- munities is rather more than twice as high as it is in rural communities. Table 53 INSANE ADMriTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. Male. Female. Number. Per 100,000 male pop- ulation. Number. Per 100,000 female popula- tion. Total 34,116 72.1 26,653 59.7 20,274 94.3 16,380 77.5 Cities of— 10, 718 1,828 4,417 3,311 11,673 2,169 104.7 86.4 90.8 77.4 45.2 9,012 1,400 3,337 2,631 8,769 1,504 89. S 50,000 to 100.000 . 67.8 10,000 to 50,000 69.4 2,500 to 10,000 62.7 Rural communities 37.3 . .. In the several geographic divisions this relationship is by no means uniform, or the same as it is for the United States as a whole, although the ratio for either sex is invariably liigher for urban than for rural com- munities and for either class of communities is invari- ably higher for males than for females (see Table 54). New England comes nearest to being an exception to this rule, as the ratio of admissions from the rural communities of that division is only slightly higher for males than for females. There are, however, several geographic divisions besides New England in which, according to this ratio, the contrast between the sexes as regards admission to hospitals for the insane appears to be less marked in rural than in urban communities, this being the case, in fact, in all divisions east of the Mississippi except the Middle Atlantic. CITY AND COUNTRY. 51 Table 54 INSANE admitted TO HOSPITALS: 1910. DIVISION AND SEX. From urban communities. From niral coinmunilies. Prior * Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion. Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion. dence not re- ported. United Ptates: Male 20,274 16,380 94.3 77.5 11,673 8,709 45.2 37.3 2,169 Female . . . 1,504 New England: Male 2,995 2,809 6,2.10 5,027 4,693 3,439 1,615 1,253 1,655 1,313 633 425 560 536 62.5 299 1.238 679 111.1 101.8 90.5 82.3 96.1 72.7 83.1 66.1 110.4 82.4 82.8 52.5 56.9 55.1 124.2 67.3 95.2 62.8 527 4S2 1,463 1,085 2,563 2,045 2,263 1,593 1,6.33 1,407 1,224 1,040 1,002 756 429 120 569 241 92.7 91.1 49.9 40.8 66.9 49.6 55.0 43.6 35.2 31.5 35.2 31.0 28.1 23.1 44.0 16.9 53.4 32.4 110 Female 63 Middle Atlantic: Male 173 Female 91 East North Central: Male 292 159 West North Centilu.: Male 272 Female 433 South .\tlantic: Male 442 Female . . . 275 East South Central: Male 212 151 West South Central: Male 60 Female , . 54 Mountain: Male 80 Female 70 Pacific: Male 528 208 Race and nativity. — Table 55 gives, by race and na- tivity, the ratio of admissions from urban and from rural connnunities for the United States as a whole. Table 55 INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. RACE AND NATTVITT. From urban communities. From niral communities. Prior Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion. Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion. residence not re- ported. Total 36,654 86.0 20,442 41.4 3,673 Wliite. 34,450 86.5 18,454 44.0 3,278 Native , 22, 2.i7 73.7 15,263 284 2,907 1,923 41 24 40.0 2,109 Nativity unknown Foreign bom 423 11,770 2,098 7 99 323 122.2 78.0 58.7 109.6 78.4 26.9 16.2 42.4 846 Negro 363 Indian 3 29 For each race or nativity class the ratio is much higher for urban communities than for rural. The difference — measured by the percentage by which one ratio exceeds the other — ^is much more marked for negroes than for whites, and rather more marked for the native whites than for the foreign-born whites. Viewed from another standpoint, the figures show that the difference between the negroes and whites as regards the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane is greater in rural communities than in urban, as is also the difference in this respect between the native and the foreign-born whites. Table 56 gives, for the native white and foreign- born white insane, the number and ratio of admis- sions from the different groups of cities and from rural communities. For each natitivy class — the native and the foreign born — the ratio is liighest for the group of largest cities — those having over 100,000 inhabitants — and smallest for the rural districts; and for each group of cities the ratio of admissions is much higher for the foreign-born than for the native population, the difference being most marked for the cities of largest size, from which the ratio of admis- sions is about 66 per cent larger for the foreign-born white than it is for the native white. The difference however, is still more marked in the admissions from the rm-al communities, for which the ratio for the foreign born is nearly twice that for the native. Table 66 INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. CLASS OP COMMUNITIES. Native white. Foreign-bom while. Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion. Number. Per 100,000 popular tion. Total 39,629 57.9 15,523 116.3 Urban communities 22, 257 73.7 11,770 12^ 2 Cities of— 100,000 and over 10,734 2,031 5,218 4,274 15,263 2,109 80.1 68.0 72.6 64.6 40.0 7,72:i 922 1,939 1,186 2,907 846 50,000 to 100,000 103 8 10,000 to 50,000 2,500 to 10,000 100 7 Not reported One tlifficulty, however, about all comparisons of this kind as applied to the United States as a whole is that the urban population and the rural are very dif- ferently distributed over the territoiy of the United States. New England and, the Middle Atlantic divi- sions together include 45 per cent of the total urban population of the United States, as compared ^vith only 13.5 per cent of the rural population. If to these two di\Tsions is added the East North Central the combined area includes 67.6 per cent, or about two- thii'ds, of the urban population, but only 31 per cent, or less than one-thnd, of the rural population. The three southern divisions, on the other hand, contain a much smaller proportion of the urban population than of the rural — 15.5 per cent of the one as compared with 46.1 per cent of the other. The characteristics of the rural population of the United States, there- fore, are affected to a large degree by conditions peculiar to the South, while those of the lu'ban popu- lation largely reflect conditions in the North and East; and, in general, any comparison between urban and rural population is to a considerable extent a comparison between the North and East on the one hand and the South and West on the other. There- 52 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. fore it not infrequently happens that the contrasts between urban and rural population which appear in statistics covering the entii-e United States may not be so apparent or so marked in the statistics for the several geographic divisions. Of course, on the other hand, a comparison by geo- graphic divisions may develop contrasts or differ- ences which counterbalance each other and thus do not appear in statistics covering the entire United States. The statistics by geographic divisions, given in Table 57, present no noteworthy exceptions to the rule that the ratio of admissions for each race and nativity class is much higher from urban communities than from rural. But it can not be said that the contrast between the two classes of coromunities is invariably more marked for negroes than for whites, or more marked for the native whites than for the foreign born. On the contrary, there is considerable diversity in these respects. Table 57 INSANE admitted TO HOSPITALS: 1910. DIVISION, AND KACE AND NATIVITY. insane ADMrrTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. DIVISION, AND KACE AND NATIVITY. From urban oommunities. From rural communities. Prior resi- dence not re- ported. From urban \ communities. From mral communities. Prior resi- Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion. Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion. Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion. Number. Per 100.000 popula- tion. dence not re- ported. UNTTED STATES. Total' 36,654 86.0 20,442 41.4 3,673 3,278 2,109 846 363 South Atlantic. Total' 2,968 96.0 3,040 33.4 717 White' 34,450 22,257 11,770 2,098 86.5 73.7 122.2 78.0 18,454 15,263 2,907 1,923 44.0 40.0 78.4 26.9 White 2 2,183 1,911 248 784 1,058 100.1 96.1 129.3 86.2 67.2 2,023 1,956 54 1.017 2,264 34.3 33.8 54.7 31.8 33.1 614 550 50 99 Native Foreign bom Negro Negro New England Total' 5,804 106.4 1,009 91.9 173 East Sooth Centeal. Total' 363 TTTl,-* 5,692 3,407 2,245 90 11,857 105.6 91.7 133.9 147.8 86.4 999 843 150 10 2,548 91.6 88.5 108.9 184.2 45.6 171 119 43 2 264 Whlte^ 816 746 63 242 1,096 76.6 74.1 108.7 47.5 56.0 1,725 1,713 10 537 .,758 36.8 36.8 34.6 25.1 25.8 191 Native 178 Foreign bom 12 171 Middle Atlantic. Total' West South Centeal. Total ' 114 11,448 6,507 4,896 392 8.132 85.6 69.8 120.9 115.6 84.6 2,508 2,052 442 36 4,608 45.5 43.4 56.9 45.8 53.4 253 128 95 11 451 White 2 975 804 144 117 924 64.3 58.3 105.3 26.8 97.5 1,549 1,445 80 197 549 29.8 28.9 37.7 12.7 32.6 ! 85 Native 72 ■ 6 Negro . 29 East Nohth Centbal. Total' Mountain. Total' 1 150 White' 7,874 5,284 2.421 246 2,898 83.9 73.5 110.6 106.7 74.8 4,553 3,634 846 49 3,856 53.3 47.4 96.4 69.7 49.7 4i0 285 98 9 705 897 579 299 25 1,917 97.0 77.1 107.5 161.9 80.5 531 348 172 3 810 33.3 26.1 65.3 49.8 44.8 149 79 44 1 736 Native Foreign bom Negro West Nobth Central. Pacific. Total 1 White 2. White 2 2,724 1.953 702 165 73.5 63.5 lU.l 100.4 3,779 2,790 862 68 49.4 41.9 87.8 86.8 677 327 226 27 1,841 1,066 752 37 80.2 60.4 142.3 151.9 787 482 291 6 45.5 34.5 87.4 124.1 698 Native Native 371 272 Negro 14 ' Includes colored persons other than negroes. - Includes whites of uninown nativity not shown separately in this table. In the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions the difference between urban and rural communities is less marked in the case of the native whites than it is for the foreign-born whites. This is indicative of the fact that the difference between the native whites and the foreign-born whites as regards the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane is less in rural communities than in urban. This is also the case in the South Central divisions. In all the remaining divisions, however, the difference is the other way, or the same as it is for the United States as a whole, the divergence between the native and the foreign-born whites being less in urban communities than in rural. In each of the three southern di^^sions the differ- ence between urban and rural communities as regards the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane is somewhat less marked for the negroes than for the whites; and the difference between whites and negroes in this respect is less in rural than in urban communi- ties. Outside the South a similar comparison gives very diverse results in different divisions, but the number of negroes in the coimtry districts is so small that the difference in the ratios can not be regarded as significant. States. — Table 58 gives the ratio of admissions from urban and rural communities in the several states. It should be remembered that in this tabulation the insane admitted to hospitals in any given state are all credited to the population of that state, although some of them may have come from other states. This element of GENERAL PARALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS. 53 error, however, is probably not great enough to affect the ratios materially except in the case of the District of Columbia, where, as already noted, a large propor- tion of the inmates of the Government Hospital for the Insane come from outside the District. The ratio is higher for urban communities than for rural in all but seven states, the exceptions including four New England states, namely. New Hampshire, Vermont, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, and outside New England the states of Minnesota, Arkansas, and Wyoming. Table 58 DIVISION AND STATE. United States . . geograpmc divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South -Vtlantic: Delaware Maryland District 01 Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: -Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas MotJNTUN: Montana Idaho Wvoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada PACmc: Washington Orecon California mSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. From urban communities. Per Number. 100,000 popula- tion. 36,654 86.0 5,804 106.4 n,SS7 86.4 8,132 84.6 2,S98 74.8 2,9&S 96.0 1.058 67.2 1,096 56.0 924 97.5 1,917 80.5 285 74.7 187 73.3 115 68.1 3.S26 122. 4 442 84.2 949 94.9 7.290 101.5 1,256 65.9 3,311 71.5 2,281 85.6 641 56.0 2,854 82. 1 !,OfiS 80.5 1,288 128. 2 528 62.1 611 89.8 1.153 82.4 32 50.6 28 36.5 116 37.3 430 87.1 83 S5.5 859 130.5 479 144.7 422 88.6 157 68.8 190 59.7 261 116.1 4n 76.3 106 48.4 477 85.9 270 61.2 227 61.3 84 40.5 1 28 13.8 262 52.8 169 .52.8 637 67.9 165 123.7 57 81.5 11 25.5 493 121.8 29 62.3 80 126.5 68 39.3 21 15?. 1 587 96.9 313 101.9 1,017 69.2 From rural commimities. Number. 1,009 2,548 4,608 3,856 3, WO 2,264 1.758 549 810 Per 100,000 popula- tion. 221 132 1.50 285 45 176 1,192 348 1,008 966 588 1,047 870 1,137 819 846 1,101 174 no 2S2 464 43 353 1 784 310 389 349 699 112 666 523 556 519 224 174 539 821 102 116 31 132 55 50 28 35 253 214 343 91.9 45.6 53.4 49.7 33.4 33.1 25.8 32.6 44.8 61.2 75.2 80.2 118.2 250.6 153.2 61.8 55.2 33.2 46.0 37.8 48.4 58.7 85.5 66.8 54.8 58.1 33.9 33.5 32.0 38.8 40.9 55.4 (') 49.5 31.2 20.6 27.0 33.8 21.0 38.4 30.0 31.5 32.6 16.3 15.0 40.3 27.8 42.0 4.5.4 30.2 33.5 19.6 35.4 14.0 51.1 47.2 58.5 37.8 Prior resi- dence not re- ported. 3,673 173 264 451 705 717 363 114 150 736 3 7 5 125 3 30 48 36 180 89 41 152 36 133 78 54 525 18 6 13 11 1 61 117 28 28 337 36 2 107 84 139 48 92 3 55 3S 21 11 30 44 63 029 I No basis upon which to compute ratio. GENERAL PARALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS. On the schedule for reporting admissions was a question asking whether the patient was suflfering from either general paralysis or alcohohc psychosis. Gen- eral paralysis of the insane is indicative of syphihs, being one form of syphilitic brain diseases, while alco- holic psychosis is brought on by the excessive use of alcohohc drinks. The instructions for filhng out the schedules contained the foUowing definition regard- ing the use of the term "alcoholic psychosis": By "alcoholic psychosis" is meant one of the mental diseases which, by their characteristic symptoms, are known to be the direct result of alcoholic intemperance. Cases of mental disease in which alcoholic intemperance is only one of the etiological factors and cases merely associated with alcoholic intemperance should not be reported under alcoholic psychosis. The number of reported cases of general paralysis and alcohohc psychosis among the admissions to hos- pitals for the insane in 1910 is shown in the following table: Table 59 insane admitted to hospitals: 1910. CLASS. Number. Per cent distribu- tion. Per 100,000 popula- tion. Total 60,769 100.0 66.1 Having either general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis 10,207 16.8 11.1 Having general paralysis 3,884 6,122 201 50,562 6.4 10.1 0.3 83.2 4.2 6.7 0.2 55.0 Having both diseases Another Of the 60,769 msane admitted to hospitals in 1910, 6,122, or 10.1 per cent of the total number, were suffering from alcoholic psychosis, and 3,884, or 6.4 per cent, from general paralysis. In the aggregate, 16.8 per cent, or about one-sixth, of the insane ad- mitted to hospitals in 1910 were victims of one or the other of these diseases. The number of cases of general paralysis and alco- holic psychosis in the admissions to hospitals in 1910 was equivalent to a ratio of 11.1 per 100,000 popula- tion; the number of other cases of msanity repre- sented a ratio of 55 per 100,000. Of course, the sum of these two ratios Ls the ratio of total admissions to the total population, 66.1 per 100,000. As indicated by Table 60, in proportion to the total number of uisane admitted to hospitals the reported cases of general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis were most numerous in the Mountain division, such cases representmg 24.5 per cent of the total number of admissions reported for that division. Tlie Middle Atlantic division ranks second in this respect, the percentage in that division being 20.4. At the other extreme are the two South Central divisions, in which 54 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. only a little over 10 per cent of the total admissions were reported as cases of general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis. Table 60 INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. DIVISION. Total. Ilaving general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis. Total. General paraly^ sis. Alco- holic ohosis. Both dis- eases. All other. NUMBEK. United States 60,769 10,207 3,884 6,122 201 50,562 New England .. ... 6,986 14,669 13,191 7,459 6,725 3,685 2,968 1,623 3,463 1,278 2,987 2,329 1,029 857 402 303 398 624 360 1,335 965 417 287 130 50 163 177 898 1,613 1,321 679 538 268 239 225 441 20 39 43 33 32 4 14 10 6 5 70.K Middle Atlantic 11,682 East North Central 10 86"^ West North Central South Atlantic 6,430 6,868 3,283 2,665 1,225 2 839 West South Central Mountain Pacific. PEl I CENT or TOTAL INSANE ADMITTED. United States 100.0 16.8 6.4 10.1 0.3 83 2 100.0 100.0 100 100,0 100 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 18.3 20.4 17.7 13.8 12.7 10.9 10.2 24.5 IS.O 5.2 9.1 7.3 5.6 4.3 3.5 1.7 10.0 5.1 12.9 11.0 10.0 7.8 8.0 7.3 8.1 13.9 12.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.1 0.5 0.6 0.2 SI 7 Middle Atlantic 79 6 East North Central . 82 3 West North Central 86 2 South Atlantic 87.3 East South Central West South Central 89.8 Pacific 82 VUMBEE PEE 100,000 POPt LATION. United States 66.1 11.1 4.2 6.7 0.2 55.0 New England 106.6 75.9 72.3 64.1 55.1 43.8 33.8 61.6 82.6 19.5 15.5 12.8 8.8 7.0 4.8 3.4 15.1 14.9 5.5 6.9 5.3 3.6 2.4 1.5 0.6 6.2 4.2 13.7 8.4 7.2 5.0 4.4 3.2 2.7 8.5 10.5 0.3 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.3 10.0 0.2 0.4 0.1 87 1 Middle Atlantic 60.5 East North Central West North Central 59.5 55.3 South Atlantic 48.1 East South Central 39.0 West South Central. . 30.3 46.5 Pacific 67.7 ' More exactly, 0.04. In proportion to the total population, cases of general paralysis and alcoholic psychosis were most numerous in New England, the ratio being 19.5 per 100,000. The Middle Atlantic division ranks second, with a ratio of 15.5 per 100,000, and the Mountain division third, with a ratio of 15.1 per 100,000. It may be noted that the rank of the divisions according to the ratio of cases of general paralysis differs considerably from that according to the ratio of cases of alcoholic psychosis. In New England, for uistance, the latter ratio is higher than in any other division, while as regards the ratio for general paralysis there are two divisions having higher rank than New England. This division, therefore, ranks firet accord- ing to the ratio for alcoholic psychosis and third accord- ing to the ratio for general paralysis, while the Middle Atlantic division, which ranlcs fourth according to the former ratio, ranks first according to the latter. It would be very difficult and probably impossible to account for all the variations exhibited by these ratios in this comparison by geographic divisions. The causes affecting them are too multiplex and too obscure. Doubtless to some extent it is a question of differences in the provisions for the institutional care of the insane and in the law and practice regard- ing their commitment to institutions; and to some extent it is affected by the accuracy and completeness of the diagnosis of these diseases in different institu- tions. It is also a question of variations in the com- position of the population as regards race, sex, and age, and in the proportion of the total population hving in large cities. Some hght upon the influence of these factors may, however, be obtained from the analysis of the data presented in the text and tables which follow in this section. Oity and country. — The following table shows that the cases of insanity caused by alcohohc psychosis and general paralysis are relatively more numerous in the city than in the country: Table 61 INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION. Total. Having general paralvsis or alcoholic psychosis. Total. Gen- eral paraly- sis. Alco- holic psy- chosis. Both dis- eases. AU other. NTJMREE. Total . . . 60,709 10,207 3,884 6,122 201 60,562 Urban communities. .. 36,654 19,730 3,228 7,754 5,942 20, 442 3,673 7,691 4,521 709 1,478 983 2,119 397 2,987 1,958 237 467 325 775 122 4,553 2,470 403 979 641 1,302 237 151 93 9 32 17 42 8 28,963 15,209 2,519 6,276 4,959 18,323 Cities of 100,000 and over. . . Cities of 50,000 to 100,000 ... . Cities of 10.000 to .50,000 Cities of 2,500 to 10,000 Ruriil communities Prior residence not reported . . 3,276 PER CENT OF TOTAL ADMITTED. Total 100.0 16.8 6.4 10.1 0.3 83.2 100 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 21.0 22.9 22.0 19.1 16.5 10.4 10.8 8.1 9.9 7.3 6.0 5.5 3.8 3.3 12.4 12.5 14.3 12.6 10.8 6.4 7.3 0.4 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.2 79.0 77.1 78.0 80.9 83.5 89 6 Cities of 100,000 and over. . . Cities of 50,000 to 100,000 . . . Cities of 10,000 to 50.000.... Cities of 2,500 to 10,000 Rural communities . Prior residence not reported . . 89.2 NUMBER PER 100,000 POFtttATION. Total 66.1 11.1 4.2 6.7 0.2 86.0 97.2 77.2 80.2 70.2 41.4 18.0 22.3 17.0 15.3 11.6 4.3 7.0 9.6 5.7 4.8 3.8 1.6 10.7 12.2 11.1 10.1 7.6 2.6 0.4 0.5 0.2 0.3 0.2 0.1 Cities of 100,000 and over. . . Cities of 50,000 to 100,000... Cities of 10,000 to 50.000 . . . . Cities of 2,500 to 10,000 Rural communities 74.9 60.3 64.9 58.5 37 1 Of the insane admitted to hospitab in 1910 coming from urban communities 21 per cent, or more than one-fifth, were suffering from either alcoholic psychosis or general paralysis; but of those coming from rural communities only 10.4 per cent, or one-tenth, had these diseases. The percentage suffering from general paralysis increases with the increasing size of the cities as here classified. Of the insane admitted from rural communities 3.8 per cent had this disease, and of those from cities of from 2,500 to 10,000 inhabitants 5.5 per cent; but for cities of over 100,000 inhabitants the percentage was 9.9. The percentage suffering GENERAL PARALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS. 55 from alcoholic psychosis, although markedly higher for urban than for rural communities, does not regularly increase with increase in population; it reaches its maximum in cities of from 50,000 to 100,000 inhab- itants, and falls off in cities of over 100,000 to prac- tically the same figure as that for cities of 10,000 to 50,000. The ratios given in the third section of Table 61 indi- cate that in proportion to population urban commu- nities contribute to the hospitals for the insane more than four tunes as many victims of these diseases as rural communities, the ratio being IS per 100,000 population in one case as compared with 4.3 per 100,000 in the other. The remaining forms of in- sanity are also I'epresented by proportionately larger numbers in the urban than in the rural population, but the contrast is not so marked. The elimination of the cases of general paralysis and alcoholic psychosis reduces the ratio of admissions from urban commu- nities from 86 per 100,000 population to 68, while the ratio from rural communities declines from 41.4 per 100,000 to 37.1. Thus, if these cases are excluded, the ratio of admissions per 100,000 population is re- duced about 21 per cent for urban communities, as compared with 10 per cent for rural communities. Age. — Table 62 gives the age distribution of pa- tients having either alcoholic psychosis or general paralysis, showing what percentage they formed of the total insane admitted in each age group and also the ratio per 100,000 population of the same age. These diseases apparently attain their greatest rela- tive importance as a cause of insanity in the period of early middle life. Of the insane admitted between the ages of 35 and 40, 14.1 per cent were suffering from alcoholic psychosis and 8.2 per cent from general paralysis; in the next older age period, 40 to 44, inclu- sive, the percentages were 14.7 and 10.3, respectively. One-fourth (25.6 per cent) of the insane admitted to hospitals at this period of Ufe had one or the other of these diseases. In the next older age group, 45 to 49 years, the percentage for alcohoUc psychosis decUnes sUghtly (to 13.1), but that for general paralysis re- mains about the same (10.4) ; after the age of 50, the percentages dechne for each disease. Comparing by age groups the ratio of admissions to total population, as given in the last section of Table 62, it ^vi]l be noticed that the ratio of cases of general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis increases up to the age of 40. From 40 to 50 it is nearly sta- tionary, the number of such cases per 100,000 popu- lation being 31.5 in the age group "40 to 44 years," and 30.5 in the age group "45 to 49 years." Thereafter the ratio declines, reaching 13.2 per 100,000 in the age group " 65 years and over." The ratio of commitments for other forms of insanity, on the other hand, shows a marked increase in old age. The increase in early life is also rapid up to the age of 40. From 35 to 45 years the ratio is about 90 per 100,000 and from 45 to 60 about 96 per 100,000. The advance there- after carries it up to 142.8 per 100,000 for the age group "65 years and over." Table 62 AGE GEOnP. All ages. Under 15 years. . . 15 to 19 vears 20 to 24 years 2-1 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over. Age unknown All ages. Under 15 years. . . 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over. Age unknown All ages Under 15 year^. . . 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 20 vears 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 years and over . mSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. Total. Having general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis. Total. Gen- eral paraly- Alco- holic psy- chosis. Both dis- All other. 60,769 327 2,539 5,701 7.027 7,295 7,495 6,469 5,681 4,877 3,368 2,872 6,161 957 10,207 3,884 6,122 21 83 363 834 1,312 1,700 1,656 1,362 1,078 687 439 521 151 17 47 134 218 421 612 669 590 445 267 165 231 3 35 223 600 870 1,056 954 744 610 408 262 277 80 201 50,563 306 2,466 5,338 6,193 5,983 5,795 4,813 4,319 3,799 2,681 2,433 5,640 806 PER CENT OF TOTAL [NSANE ADMITTED. 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.8 6.4 3.3 6.4 11.9 18.0 22.7 25.6 24.0 22.1 20.4 15.3 8.5 15.8 6.4 5.2 1.9 2.4 3.1 5.8 8.2 10.3 10.4 9.1 7.9 5.7 3.7 7.1 10.1 0.9 1.4 3.9 8.5 11.9 14.1 14.7 13.1 12.5 12.1 9.1 4.S 8.4 0.3 0.3 0) 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.5 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.3 83.2 93.6 %.7 93.6 88.1 82.0 77.3 74.4 76.0 77.9 79.6 84.7 91. S 84.2 NUMBEE PEE 100,000 POPITLATION OF SAME AGE. 66.1 1.1 28.0 62.9 85.9 104.6 117.2 122.9 127.1 125.0 120.8 126.7 156.0 11.1 0.1 0.9 4.0 10.2 18.8 26.6 31.5 30.5 27.6 24.7 19.4 13.2 4.2 0.1 0.5 1.5 2.7 6.0 9.6 12.7 13.2 11.4 9.6 7.3 0.8 6.7 0.2 2 0.0 0.4 2.5 7.3 12.5 16.5 18.1 16.6 15.6 14.6 11.6 7.0 2 0.0 »0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.4 0.5 0.3 55.0 1.0 27.1 58.9 75.7 85.8 90.6 91.5 96.6 97.4 96.2 107.3 142.8 1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent. ' More exactly, 0.01. s More exactly, 0.003. Sex. — As would probably be anticipated, the figures show that alcohoUc psychosis and general paralysis are much more frequent causes of insanity for males than for females. Of the 34,116 males admitted to hospitals for the insane in 1910, 2,989, or 8.8 percent, had general paralysis; and 5,220, or 15.3 per cent, had alcoholic psychosis. Of the 26,653 females admitted, 895, or 3.4 per cent, had general paralysis; and 902, or 3.4 per cent, had alcohoUc psychosis. Of the male in- sane, 24.5 per cent, or almost one-fourth, had one or the other of these diseases, while for the female insane the corresponding percentage was only 6.9 per cent. It is evident that this is the main explanation of the fact that the ratio of admissions to insane asylums is higher for the male sex than for the female. The total number of commitments per 100,000 popula- 56 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. tion, as noted in the section on sex, is 72.1 for males, as compared with 59.7 for females. But if the cases of alcohohc psychosis and general paralysis are ex- cluded, the number of males admitted in the year 1910 is reduced from 34,116 to 25,760, and the num- ber of females from 26,653 to 24,802. Thus the numerical difference between the two sexes largely disappears, although males are stOl somewhat more numerous than females, as is also the case in the general population. When the cases of alcoholic psychosis and general paralysis are eliminated the ratio of admissions for the two sexes becomes prac- tically identical, as is shown by the last column in the third section of the following table : Table 63 INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. SEX. Total. Having general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis. j Total. Gen- eral paraly- sis. Alco- holic chosis. Both dis- eases. All other. NtTMBEB. 60,769 10,207 3,SS4 6,122 201 50,562 Male 34,116 26,653 8,356 1,861 2,989 895 5,220 902 147 54 25,760 Female . - 24 802 PEE CENT OF TOTAL ADMITTED. Both sexes. 100.0 16.8 6.4 10.1 0.3 83 2 Male 100.0 100.0 24.5 6.9 8.8 3.4 15.3 3.4 0.4 0.2 75 5 93 1 NUMBER PER 100,000 POPULATION OP aAM E SEX. Both sexes 66.1 11.1 4.2 6.7 0.2 55 Male 72.1 59.7 17.7 4.1 6.3 2.0 11.0 2.0 0.3 0.1 Female 55 6 Among males there are about 7 cases of alcohohc psychosis to 4 cases of general paralysis, while among females the number of cases of each disease is nearly the same. The contrast between the sexes is accord- ingly more marked with regard to one disease than the other, the statistics indicating that among males as compared with females there are almost six times as many cases of alcohohc psychosis but hardly more than three times as many cases of general paralysis. Sex and age. — In Table 64 the classification by sex is combined with a classification by age so as to show by age periods for each sex the number of cases of general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis and also the number of other cases of insanity, with the ratios per 100,000 per- sons of the same age and sex. Diagram 8, on page 57, is based upon the ratios in this table. Table 64 AGE GROLT. .\11 ases 1. . Under 15 years... 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30to34 Vears 3.3 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to o9 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 year? 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years SO years and over All ages 1 . . Under 15 years. . . 15 to 19 years. . . . 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years .... 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years SO years and over . INS.OJE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS; 1910. Total. Male. Fe- male. Having gen- eral paralysis or alcoholic psychosis. Male. Fe- male. .Ml other. Fe- male. 34,116 isi 1,471 3,234 3,911 4,018 4,090 3,618 3,163 2,712 1,975 1,698 1,255 994 676 513 26,653 146 1,068 2,467 3,116 3,277 3,405 2,851 2,518 2,165 1,393 1,174 936 782 504 501 8,3;6 12 52 268 679 1,091 1,411 1,353 1,131 905 -82 360 211 84 62 34 1,851 31 95 155 221 289 303 231 173 105 79 59 30 28 15 25,760 169 1,410 2,966 3,232 2,927 2,679 2,265 2,032 1.807 1.3''3 1,338 1.0-I4 910 614 479 24,802 137 1,037 2,372 2,961 3,056 3,116 2,548 2,287 1,992 1,388 1,095 877 7,52 478 486 NUMBER PER 100,000 POPUI.ATIOM OF SAME .SEX AND AGE. 72.1 1.2 32.5 70.6 92.1 109.9 121.5 129. 8 133.0 128. 5 132.7 143.2 145.3 177.0 204.1 224.0 59.7 17.7 4.1 54.4 1.0 0.1 0.1 1.1 23.5 1.1 0.7 31.3 55.1 5.9 2.1 64.8 79.2 16.0 3.9 76.1 98.8 29.8 6.7 80.0 112.4 41.9 9.5 79.6 115.2 48.6 12.2 81.3 120.5 47.5 11.1 85.4 120.9 42.9 9-7 85.6 107.3 39.1 8.1 93.6 108.6 30.4 7.3 112.8 114.8 24.4 7.2 120.8 141.6 15.0 S.i 162.0 150. 18.7 7.7 l&i.3 192.7 14.8 5.8 209.1 55.6 0.9 22.9 53.0 75.2 92.2 102.9 102.9 109.4 111.2 99.2 101.3 107.5 136.2 142.3 187.0 • Includes age unknown. For males there is a rapid increase in the occurrence of alcoholic psychosis and general paralysis from child- hood or youth up to the age of 45; thereafter the ratio declines. In the case of females the increase and de- cline are much less pronounced. At its maximum in the age period 40 to 44 the ratio is 48.6 per 100,000 for males, as compared with 12.2 per 100,000 for females. Upon eliminating the cases of general paralysis and alcoholic psychosis and considering the ratios in the table and the lines in the diagram representing other forms of insanity the contrast between the sexes is interesting and significant. Up to the age of 30 this ratio is somewhat higher for males, but from 30 to 60 it is higher for females, the difference being very marked in the age groups between 35 and 55. Beyond the age of 60 the ratio is again higher for males. GENERAL PARALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS. 57 DiAORAU 8. — Ratio of Males and of Females Having Gen- eral Paralysis or Alcoholic Psychosis and Ratio of Other Males and Females Admitted to Hospitals for THE Insane in 1910 per 100,000 Population of the same Sex and Age. VCABS 16 20 26 30 36 40 *t> 60 Sft 60 6S TO 76 80 / / / / / ISO / / t i 140 / 1 \ I •' 130 / / / CAU '■-. / ,f>'r ALL .^■^ ■s'» \ / .'" ' "^ *?'■ 4 '/ / / MALESj; ^ )TMER /: 1 / / MALE: ^- e ^■^ c;o, c H i I' / ^^\ N s 1 i (f I' EMALi AND , N // p^^^ u^?;?- LCOH, ^L.c sych \ "-- // -t/^'"' /ct-^s.'i- — ... — ^- Table 65 shows separately the number of cases of general paralysis and of alcoholic psychosis occurring among the insane admitted to hospitals, classified by age and sex, also the ratio of such cases per 100,000 population of the same sex and age. Among females cases of alcoholic psychosis are considerably more numerous than those of general paralysis in the age groups from 30 to 44 but not in younger or older ages, while among males there are many more cases of the former disease than of the latter in every age group, from 20 to 75. The ratio of admissions for alcohohc psychosis reaches its maximum m the age period 40 to 44, the ratio then being 28 per 100,000 for males and 7 per 100,000 for females. The ratio for general paralysis is not quite as high in this age period as it is in the next older period, 45 to 49, when it is 20 per 100,000 for males and 5.5 per 100,000 for females. Table 65 AGE OROUT. All ages.. Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years SO years *and oyer. Age unknown All ages.. I'nder 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and oyer . INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPrTALS: 1910. Having general paralysis. Male. Female. Having alcoholic psychosis. Male. Female. NtJMEEE. 2,9S9 11 2S 80 144 325 495 546 475 347 217 126 56 33 37 19 50 6 19 54 74 96 117 123 115 93 50 39 33 21 20 12 18 5,220 1 23 186 520 749 894 781 633 540 356 225 ISO 48 25 14 69 902 2 12 37 74 121 162 173 HI 70 52 37 23 8 6 3 11 NtntBEK PEE 100,000 POPtJlATION OF SAME SEX AND AGE. 6.3 2.0 >0.0 0.4 1.2 1.9 2.9 3.9 5.0 5.5 5.5 3.9 3.6 4.0 4.0 6.0 4.6 11.0 = 0.0 0.5 4.1 12.4 20.5 26.6 28.0 26.6 25.6 23.9 19.0 17.4 8.5 7.5 6.1 2.0 •0.0 0.3 0.8 1.9 3.6 5.3 7.0 5.3 3.9 4.0 3.4 2.8 1.5 1.8 1.2 ' More exactly, 0.04. ' More exactly, 0.007. > More exactly, 0.01. Race, nativity, and parentage. — In Table 66 the num- ber of cases of alcoholic psychosis and general paralysis among the insane admitted to hospitals in 1910 is shown for eacli of the principal race and nativity classes, together with the percentage which these cases form of the total number of admissions and the ratio to the total population of each class. In the total niunber of admissions, the percentage having these diseases is larger for the white insane (17.2) than for the negro (11.5) ; it is larger for the foreign-born white insane (19.8) than for the native white (16.1); and larger for the native white of foreign or mixed parent- age (20.6) than for the native white of native parentage (14.6). As between the foreign-born white and the native white of foreign or mixed parentage, however, there is very httle difference in this respect, the per- centages being nearly the same for both classes. 58 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. These percentages, being base d upon the ad mis sions, 1 indicate for the native white of foreign or mixed parent- age and the foreign-born white simply that in proportion to the total number of pereons of each class admitted to hospitals for the insane there are practically the same number of cases of general paralysis or alcoholic psj'chosis. In proportion to the total population of each class, however, the total number of admissions is about twice as large for the foreign-born white as for the native white of foreign or mixed parentage. It fol- lows, therefore, that in proportion to the total popu- lation of each class there are about twice as many cases of these diseases in the one class as in the other. This is indicated by the last section of the following table, which gives the number of admi'^sions per 100,000 population of the same race and nativity. Table 66 raSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. RACE AND NATITITT. Total. Having general paralysis or alcohoUc psychosis. All other. Total. Gen- eral paraly- sis. Alco- holic psycho- sis. Both dis- eases. NtJMBEE. 60,769 10,207 3,8.'<4 6,122 201 50,562 White 56,182 9,676 3,670 5,819 187 46,506 39,629 24,534 10,RS5 4,410 15,523 1,030 6,400 3,570 2,197 633 3,081 195 2,486 1,420 783 283 1,111 73 3,782 2,068 1,377 337 1,917 120 132 82 37 13 53 2 33,229 20,964 8,488 3,777 12,442 835 Native parentage Foreign or mixed par Parentage unknown For^ifni bc-ru 4,3S4 203 505 26 208 6 284 19 13 1 3,879 177 Other colored PER CENT OF TOTAL. 100.0 16.8 6.4 10.1 0.3 83.2 White 100.0 17.2 6.5 10.4 0.3 82.8 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 16.1 14.6 20.6 14.4 19.8 18.9 6.3 5.8 7.3 6.4 7.2 7.1 9.5 8.4 12.9 7.6 12.3 11.7 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.2 S3. 9 85.4 79.4 85.6 80.2 81.1 Native parentage Foreign or nuxed par Parentage unknown Foreign born 100.0 100.0 11.5 12.8 4.7 3.0 6.5 9.4 0.3 0.S 88.5 87.2 NtTMBEE PEE 100,000 POPULATION OF SAME RACE AND NATIVITY. All pln-i^s": 66.1 11.1 4.2 6.7 0.2 55.0 White 68.7 11.8 4.5 7.1 0.2 56.9 Native.. 57.9 56.3 62.3 116.3 9.4 8.2 12.4 23.1 3.6 3.3 4.5 8 3 5.5 4.7 7.8 14 4 0.2 0.2 0.2 4 48.6 48.1 49. S 93 2 Native parentage > Foreign or mixed par.'. . . Foreign bom. . Negro 44.6 5.1 2.1 2.9 0.1 39.5 1 For the computation of the ratios the native white insane of unknown parent- age have been apportioned between the two classes of known parentage. The total number of admissions per 100,000 is 62.3 for the native white of foreign or mixed parentage, as compared with 116.3 for the foreign-born white, and the number of admissions representing cases of general paralysis or alcohoUc psychosis is 12.4 per 100,000 for the former, as com oared ^ vith2 3.1 pc r 100 000 f( jr the latter. Here again it must be remembered that the important factor of age may materially affect the comparison and largely account for the difference between the two classes, because the one class com- prises a large, and the other a small, proportion of children. To repeat figures already given, 38.2 per cent of the native white of foreign or mixed parentage are under 15 years of age, as compared with 5.7 per cent of the foreign-born white. Insan- ity being generally a disease of adult life, it follows that any class including relatively few children would be likely to show a higher ratio of insanity than another class including relatively many children. The influence of the age factor may be elimuiated by making the comparison by ago groups, on the basis of the statistics presented in Table 67. When that is done the difference between the native white of foreign or mixed parentage and the foreign-bom white largely disappears. In no single age group does the ratio for the one class differ widely from that for the other. In some age groups the ratio for the foreign-bom white is the higher of the two, in others it is the lower, but the ratios are never far apart and in some instances are identical or nearly so. Table 67 AGE GP.ODP. INSANE HAVING GENERAL PARALYSIS OR ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. TotaL Native white.i For- For- eign- Native eign or born TotaL par- mixed white. entage. par- entage. Negro. .\Uag6s Under 15 years... 15 to 19 vears 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 vears 60 to 64 years 65 years and over .\ge unknown All ages Under 15 years... 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 vears 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to .54 years 55 to 59 vears 60 to 64 years 65 vears and over 10,207 21 83 363 S34 1,312 1,700 1,656 1,362 1,078 687 439 521 151 6,400 19 58 259 544 868 1,126 1,069 812 658 401 243 270 73 4,049 14 31 174 357 535 647 656 505 398 257 190 225 60 2,351 5 27 So 187 333 479 413 307 260 144 53 45 13 3,081 1 8 64 221 338 468 500 480 359 244 167 208 23 SOS 1 17 36 55 80 68 68 46 41 30 20 32 11 NUMBER PER 100,000 POPULATION OF SAME AGE, RACE, AND NATIVITY. 11.1 0.1 0.9 4.0 10.2 18.8 26.6 31.5 30.0 27.6 24.7 19.4 13.2 9.4 0.1 0.8 4.0 9.7 18.2 26.0 30,7 27.9 25.0 21.4 16.9 11.0 8.2 0.1 0.6 3.7 8.8 15.7 21.2 26.8 24.4 20.4 17.2 15.5 10.2 12.4 0.1 1.2 4.5 12.1 24.5 37.5 40.2 36.4 38.2 37.9 24.7 17.6 23.1 0.1 1.2 4.5 13.3 22.4 33.2 38.4 41.9 38.8 35.2 26.6 17.6 5.1 '0.0 1.6 3.5 6.2 12.0 10.7 14.9 11.9 12.6 14.3 10.7 10.9 1 In this table the native white of unknown parentage have been apportioned between the two classes of known parentage. ' More exactly, 0.02. The ratios for the native white of native parentage fn the several age groups fall considerably below those ior the two classes just considered while the ratios for the negroes are in general still lower. It is probable LENGTH OF TIME IN HOSPITALS. 59 that in the totals for the United States the compari- son to some extent reflects the influence of difi'erences in the territorial distribution of the several classes. The negroes as compared with the whites are largely- concentrated in the South, where in general the provisions for the care of the insane in institutions are not as far developed as they are in the North. The foreign-born white, and likewise the native white of foreign or mixed parentage, are concen- trated in cities and also in the northeastern section of the United States to a much greater extent than the native white of native parentage. They are therefore more afi'ected by the influence of urban conditions; and as shown by statistics previously presented, the proportion of the insane afflicted with general paralysis or alcoliolic psj'chosis is much larger in urban com- munities than in rural. The data have not been tabulated in sufhcient detail to make it possible to compare the several race and nativity classes in urban and rural communities separately. The follow- uig table, however, presents the statistics by geo- graphic divisions, so that the comparison can be made for the several classes living within the same section of the United States. Table 68 INSANE HAVINO GENERAL PARALYSIS OR ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. Total Native white, i For- eign- bom white. Total 1 Native 1 par- entage. For- eign or nii.\ed par- entage. Negro. nuhbes. United States 10,207 6,400 4,049 2,351 3,081 505 New England 1.278 2.987 2,329 1,029 857 402 303 398 624 717 1,732 1,577 681 605 303 223 246 316 351 893 904 462 560 275 210 195 366 839 673 219 45 28 13 51 541 1,142 629 246 81 8 30 128 276 11 Middle Atlantic 95 East North Central . 59 South Atlantic. 167 West South Central.. 30 10 Pacific 199 117 13 NUMBER PEE 100,000 POPULATION AND NATIVITY. OF SAM E RACE United States.. . 11.1 9.4 8.2 12.4 ^.1 5 1 New England 19.5 15.5 12.8 8.8 7.0 4.8 3.4 15.1 14.9 15.4 12.3 10.6 7.0 7.8 5.3 3.5 11.8 10.0 13.4 10.6 9.3 7.1 7.6 6.2 3.6 13.3 9.4 17.8 1 15.0 13.2 6.8 1 10.2 13.0 2.1 ! 8.3 11.1 29.8 23.7 20.5 15.2 27.9 9.2 8.6 29.3 32.0 16 6 Middle Atlantic East North Central 19 6 West North Central . 12 8 South Mlantic 4 1 East South Central . 3 4 West South Central 1 5 46.6 Pacific 44.5 NtlMBER PER 100,000 ADULTS OF S NATIVITY. VME RAG E AND United States 16.3 14.7 12.7 20.1 24.5 8 2 New Encland 26.8 21.8 18.1 13.0 11.3 7.7 5.6 21.9 19.7 23.8 19.5 16.3 11.0 12.4 8.7 5.9 18.6 14.3 18.3 15.7 14.3 11.3 10.fi 8.3 6.1 20.9 13.3 33.3 26.4 20.0 10.5 I,i.2 16.7 3.4 13.0 16.5 31.8 25.4 21.5 15.9 29.8 9.6 9.5 31.0 33.5 21 9 Middle Atl.antlc 29.5 East North Central West North Central 16 9 South Atlantic 6 8 East South Central 5 4 West Sovith Central 2.5 Mountain 57 2 Pacific 54.7 ' In this table the native white of unknown parentage have been apportioned between the two classes of known parentage. The ratios presented in the last section of the above table indicate that in the New England, Middle At- lantic, and East North Central divisions there is little difference between the native white of foreign or mixed parentage and the foreign-born white as regards the number of cases of general paralysis and alcohohc psychosis in proportion to the total number of adults. In each of the other divisions the ratios are rather far apart, that for the foreign-born white being the larger of the two in every division except the East South Central. The ratio for the native white of native parentage is considerably lower than that for the foreign-born whites in every division, and is also lower than that for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, in every division except the West North Central, West South Central, and Mountain divisions. In the South the ratio for the negroes falls consider- ably below that for any of the three classes of the white population; but m other parts of the United States that is by no means the case. On the contrary, in every northern or western division except New Eng- land the ratio for negroes is higher than that for any class of the white population, and in New England it is higher than that for the native white of native parentage. LENGTH OF TIME IX HOSPITALS. For all but 14,162, or 7.5 per cent, of the 187,791 insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, a report was obtained as to the total length of time spent in hospitals for the insane. Of the total number report- ing 34.4 per cent had been in hospitals more than 10 years and 11.6 per cent more than 20 years (see Table 69). On the other hand, 1.3.7 per cent had been in hospitals less than one year and 22.6 per cent less than two years. Table 69 rSSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JAN. 1, 1910. TIME SPENT EN HOSPFTALS FOE Both sexes. Male. Female. Num- •ber. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Per ''*'^- tribu- tiOD. Num- ber. Per cent dis- tribu- tion. Total 187,791 98,695 89,096 T.pTlgtli of timp tjTinwTi 173,629 1 100.0 91,108 100.0 82.521 100 76,035 23,788 15, 491 14.703 11,802 10.251 .37,836 23. 772 15.759 20,227 14,162 43.7 13.7 8.9 8.5 8.8 5.9 21.8 13.7 9.1 11.6 40,927 13,363 8,235 7,760 6,299 5,270 19,548 12.289 8.146 10,198 7,587 44.9 14.7 9.0 8.5 6.9 5.8 21.5 13.5 8.9 11.2 35, 108 10,425 7,256 6,943 5,503 4,981 18,288 11.483 7,013 10,029 6,575 42 S 12.6 1 year but less than 2 2 years but less than 3 3 years but less than -1 4 years but less than 5 5 years but less than 10 10 years but less than 15 15 years bu t less than 20 20 -years and over. . .. 8.8 8.4 6.7 6.0 22.2 13.9 9.2 12.2 Length of time unknown These statistics indicate that the inmates present in hospitals for the insane on January 1, 1910, had spent on the average not less than seven years in such insti- tutions, and probably nearer eight years than seven. This, however, affords no measure of the average 60 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. term in hospitals, or, in other words, the average length of time the patients spend in the hospitals before death or final discharge. That average might be either larger or smaller than the one derived from these statistics; for, on the one hand, the population present on a given day includes a comparatively large representation of those who remain in hospitals a long time and a comparatively small representation of those whose stay is short; and, on the other hand, the average length of time for the pei-sons present is of course only the average up to date, and therefore is considerably less than the final average will be when their sojom-n in hospitals comes to an end. The average age when first admitted of those present in hospitals on January 1, 1910, was not far from 37^' years, while their average age at the time of enumera- tion was about 45, thus indicating that the average interval between first admission and date of enumer- ation was about eight years, which is practically the same as the figure derived from the computation based on the reported length of time in hospitals. A computation, by the same method, of the avez-age age of those discharged from hospitals for the insane in 1910 brings out the rather surprising fact that they were apparently younger than those admitted in the same year, the average age of the latter being about 41, wliile the average age of those discharged was about 39. This must mean that those discharged come largely from the younger inmates, or that, in other words, persons admitted at more advanced ages are more apt to remain permanently than those admitted at younger ages; it also indicates that the patients discharged have usually been in hospitals a comparatively short time, and that the recovery or the improvement in the condition of the insane generally takes place within a short time after admission or not at all. It would seem, therefore, that as regards length of residence in hospitals for the insane the inmates could be divided into two broad and fairly well-defined classe.s — those who remain but a short time and those who remain many years or until death. The average age at death of those who died in 1910 in hospitals for the insane was not far from 51. For convenience of reference and comparison the average ages as computed for various classes of inmates are here presented in a summary statement. Approximate average age: Of persons admitted in 1910 41 Of inmates present on January 1, 1910 45 Of inmates dying in 1910 51 Of inmates discharged in 1910 39 Approximate average age at first admission: Of persons admitted in 1910 40 Of mmates present on January 1, 1910 38 ' The average age as here given is only approximate because the age returns were tabulated not by single years but by five-year periods. Taking the minimum age in each period (except the youngest, "under 15 years." for which 15 years was taken), the average age at first admission is 35.1. This may be accepted as the minimum. The maximum limit in each group (taking 70 as the maximum for the age group "65 and over") would ^ive an average five years older, or 40.1 years. The true average is prob- ably not far from the mean between these extremes, or about 37J years. DURATION OF PRESENT ATTACK. The duration of the present attack of insanity was reported for about four-fifths of the persons admitted to hospitals in 1910. The figures indicate that in the great majority of cases the insane were committed within a comparatively short time after the attack came on. In 15.6 per cent of the total number of cases for which a report was obtained the attack of insanity had come on within the month preceding admission; in 42.1 percent it had come on within the preceding tliree months ; in 54.1 percent, or more than one-half of the total number, witliin the preceding six months; and in 64.5 percent, or almost two-thirds, within the preceding 12 months. In 9.5 per cent, or nearly one-tenth, of the reported cases the attack had lasted six years or more prior to admission to the hospital; and in 6.2 per cent it had lasted 10 years or more. It is probable, however, that in many instances the diseases had in reahty been existent much longer than the reported duration of the attack would indicate. In the case of general paralysis for instance, the earhest symptoms make their appearance long before the more striking inci- dents which in a routine clinical history of the case are apt to be recorded as determuiiag the onset of the attack. The figures obtained from records as to duration of attack should probably be regarded as a minunum. Tlie percentage of cases in which the attack had lasted less than 3 months was not so large for the native whites (39.7) as for the foreign-born wliites (45.7), and not so large for the latter as for the negroes (51.6). The percentage for females (40.7) was some- what smaller than that for males (43.3). Table 70 rSSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPrTALS: 1910. DTJRATION OF PRESENT AT- Total.' Native white. Foreign- bom white. SION. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Parent- age im- known. Negro. NUMBEK. Total . 60,769 24,634 10,685 4,410 15,523 4,384 Total reporting 48,603 20,902 8,671 3,068 11,937 3,464 Less tlian 3 months. . . 3 to 6 months 20, 470 5,845 5,013 5, 192 5,234 3.823 3,026 12,166 8,338 2,660 2,165 2,295 2,273 1,669 1,502 3,632 3,403 1,027 915 956 1,005 749 616 2,014 1,227 354 305 344 326 264 248 1,342 5,461 1,331 1,238 1,189 1,299 912 507 3,586 1,787 406 6 to 12 months 1 to 2 years 339 344 277 4 to 10 years 183 10 years or more Not reporting 128 920 PEE CENT DISTRmUTION. Total reporting 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100. Less than 3 months. . . 42.1 12.0 10.3 10.7 10.8 7.9 6.2 39.9 12.7 10.4 11.0 10.9 8.0 7.2 39.2 11.8 10.6 11.0 11.6 8.6 7.1 40.0 11.5 9.9 11.2 10.6 8.6 8.1 45.7 11.2 10.4 10.0 10.9 7.6 4.2 51.6 11.7 6 to 12 months 9.8 9.9 2 to 4 years 8.0 5.3 10 years or more 3.7 1 Includes white of imlcnown nativity and colored persons other than negro. PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS. 61 PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS. Of the 60,769 persons admitted to hospitals for the insane in 1910, 40,130, or 65 per cent, were reported as first admissions, and 13,914, or 23 per cent, were reported as having previously been in hospitals for the insane, while in the case of 6,715, or 11.1 per cent of the total number, no information covering this question was obtained. The number of persons who had been previously admitted represents about 26 per cent of the total number for which the facts as to previous admissions were ascertained. The figures indicate, therefore, that somewhat more than one- fourth of the persons admitted to hospitals for the insane in the year 1910 were recun-ent cases. Table 71 NUMBER OF PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS. Total Number reporting Not previously admitted Previously admitted Number of previous admissions: One Two Three Four Five or more Number not reporting insane admitted to hospitals: 1910. Number. 60, 769 54, 054 40, 139 13,924 9,853 2,474 855 336 406 6.715 Per cent of total. 66.0 22.9 16.2 4.1 1.4 0.6 0.7 11.1 Percent of total reporting. 74.2 25.8 18.2 4.6 1.6 0.6 0.8 12.4 The following table giving the data by race and nativity indicates that the percentage previousl}' iji hospitals for the insane is larger for whites than for negroes, and somewhat larger for the native wliites than for the foreign-born whites. Table 72 RACE, NATIVITY, AND SEX. Aggregate Male Female White Native Native parentage Foreign or mi.xcd parentage . Parentage unknown Foreign born Nativity unknown Negro Other colored INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910. Total. 34,116 26, 653 66,182 39, 629 24, 534 10, 685 4,410 15, 523 1,030 4,384 203 Reporting as to previous admission. Total. 29,987 24,067 50,239 35, 643 22, 492 9,984 3,167 14,038 558 3,663 152 Previously admitted. Not report- mg. Num- ijer. 13,924 7,560 6,304 13,361 9,813 5, 920 2,971 922 3,365 183 534 29 Per cent. 25.8 25.2 26.4 26.6 27.5 26.3 29.8 29.1 24.0 32.8 14.6 19.1 6,715 4,129 2,686 5,943 3,986 2,042 701 1,243 1,485 472 721 51 The percentages in the above table are based not on the total number admitted but on the number for whom the information as to prior ad- missions was obtained. The percentage reporting prior admissions, computed on that basis, was 26.6 for the whites, 27.5 for the native whites, 24 for the foreign-born wliites, and 14.6 for the negroes. It was 26.3 for the native whites of native parentage and 29. S for the native whites of foreign or mixed parentage. The reasons for these differences are not apparent and it may be doubted whether the differ- ences have in fact very much significance. They may simply reflect variations in the accuracy and complete- ness of the information obtained from the different classes of the population regarding the previous Iiistory of the case. The variations between the different sections of the country are shown in the following table : Table 73 DIVISION, AND RACE AND NATIVITY. United States i. Native white Foreign-born white. Negro New England ' . Native white Foreign-born white. Negro Middle Atl.4NTIC i . Native white Foreign-born white. Negro East North Central ' . Native white Foreign-born white. Negro West North Central ■ . Native white Foreign-born white. Negro South Atlantic ' . Native white Foreign-born white. Negro East South Central'. Native white Foreign-born white. Negro West South Central'. Native white Foreign-born white. Negro Mountain ' . Native white Foreign-born white. Negro Pacific ' . Native white Foreign-born white . Negro insane .admitted to hospitals: 1910. Total. 39, 629 15, 623 4,384 4,369 2,438 102 8,687 5,433 439 13,191 9,203 3,365 304 5,070 1,790 260 6,726 4,417 352 1,900 2,637 85 950 2,968 2,321 230 343 1,623 1,006 515 29 3,463 1,919 1,315 67 Reporting; as to previous admission. Total. 35, 643 14,038 3,663 Previously admitted. Num- t)er. Per cent. 13,924 9,813 3,365 534 6,788 2,031 25.8 27.5 24.0 14.6 29.9 4,242 2,385 100 8,308 6,224 406 12,062 8,602 3,117 264 6,299 4,362 1,521 197 5,873 3,793 262 1,791 2,134 72 571 2,172 213 276 1,184 764 356 22 1,366 SS8 37 1,395 599 28 32.9 26.1 28.0 24.6 2,219 1,123 75 2,442 749 37 1,188 476 52 1,030 799 54 170 780 649 12 118 266 130 378 199 27.0 21.5 18.6 28.7 24.0 14.0 27.2 31.2 26.4 21.1 20.6 9.5 28. 30.4 16,7 20.7 22.0 11.3 14.1 34.8 36.5 36.4 27.7 22.4 18.9 Not report- ing. 6,715 3,986 1,485 721 198 127 S3 2 668 379 209 34 1,129 701 248 40 1,160 708 269 63 624 90 109 901 503 13 379 263 149 17 67 439 242 159 7 1,105 553 427 20 I Includes white of unloiown nativity and colored persons other than negro. 62 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. DISCHARGES. The number of persons discharged from hospitals for the insane in the year 1910 was 29,304. Of these 24,241, or 82.7 per cent, were discharged as either im- proved or recovered; 4,397, or 15 per cent, as imim- provcd; and 491, or 1.7 per cent, as not insane. No attempt was made to distinguish the "recovered" from the "improved." The reasons why this was not done are stated in the report on the insane for 1904 as follows: There is no standard definition of what constitutes recovery from insanity. Some officials class as such all who show betterment, while others are very chary in describing their patients as having fully recovered. In consequence the percentages of recoveries reported from different institutions vary in an astounding degree. It therefore seemed wiser to group all recoveries under the heading ' ' Improved ' ' and avoid the presentation of figures that could not be explained and therefore might lead to wholly unfair comparisons. The returns obtained in 1904, however, gave a very dififerent result from those of 1910 as regards the con- dition of persons discharged, probably because of differences in the terminologj^ used at the two censuses. In the schedules for 1904 the classes distinguished were the "improved," the "uurecovered," and the "not insane"; in 1910, as already stated, they were the "improved or recovered," the "unimproved," and the "not insane." The results of the classification were as follows: Table 74 patients discharged from insane hospitals: 1910. class. patients dsicharged from insane hospitals: 1904. Num- ber. Per cent distri- hu- tion. Num- ber. Per cent distri- bu- tion. Total 29.304 100.0 Total 22, 524 100.0 Improved or recovered. . 24,241 4,397 491 175 82.7 15.0 1.7 0.6 17, 124 3,144 2,256 76.2 14.2 9.6 Not reported The classification for 1904, as compared with that of 1910, includes a much smaller percentage of "im- proved," a class which is supposed to include the "re- covered "and a much larger percentage of "not insane." The last-named class was presumably intended to cover only those cases in which the patient proved not to be insane; but the large proportion — almost 10 per cent — so classified in 1904 makes it seem probable that in the absence of exphcit instructions the agents making the returns included under the head of "not insane" many persons who had been insane but were considered "recovered" and therefore as not being insane at the time of their discharge. In 1910, it may be noted, the percentage reported to have been discharged as not insane was only 1.7. The proportion of persons classified as recovered or improved in the total number of persons discharged from hospitals for the insane varied considerably in different sections of the United States, as is indicated by Table 75. In New England 75.3 per cent of the persons discharged were reported as "recovered or improved"; in the Middle Atlantic division the per- centage was 85.4. In no division was the percentage lower than it was in New England; but in three divisions it was sUghtly higher than it was in the Middle Atlantic division. The variations are not easily explained and perhaps are not especially sig- nificant. Probably they represent differences in standards and practices as regards the discharge of patients, but they may be affected by differences in the class of cases treated. Table 75 IN.SANE DISCHARGED FROM HOSPITALS: 1910. DIVISION. Total. Improved or re- covered. Unim- proved. Not insane. Condi- tion not re- ported. NUMBER. United States 29,304 24,241 4,397 491 175 3.343 6,871 6,609 3,470 3,226 2,050 1,524 666 1,545 2,517 5,867 5,326 3,031 2,707 1,581 1,323 557 1,332 762 843 1.140 388 414 425 183 87 155 47 130 114 35 78 28 13 15 31 17 Middle Atlantic 31 29 West North Central 16 27 East South Central 16 5 Mountain 7 Pacific 27 1 PER CENT OF TOTAL. United States 100.0 82.7 15.0 1.7 0.6 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 100.0 75.3 85.4 80.6 87. 3 83.9 77.1 86.8 83.6 86.2 22.8 12.3 17.2 11.2 12.8 20.7 12.0 13.1 10.0 1.4 1.9 1.7 1.0 2.4 1.4 0.9 2.3 2.0 0.5 Middle .\tlantic 0.5. East North Central 0.4 0.5 South Atlantic 0.8 o.a West South Central 0.3 1.1 Pacific 1.7 DE.\THS. The number of mmates of insane hospitals who died during the year 1910 was 18,924, representing a death rate of 100.8 per 1,000 inmates present at the beginnmg of the year. Some of the deaths which occurred, how- ever, were of persons admitted after the first of the year, and basing the death rate upon the mmates present at the beginning of the year plus those admitted durmg^ the year, it becomes 76.1. The rate is naturally very high because it relates to a class of people not in normal health. The figures indicate an exceptionally high death rate for the comparatively small group of inmates under the age of 15 (see Table 76). The rate declines in the next older groups, reaching the minimum in the group 25 to 29 years of age. Thereafter it increases and, as would bo expected, becomes exceptionally- liigli again in the age groups above 60. DEATHS. 63 Table 76 All ages . . Under 15 years . 15 to 19 Tears . . . 20 to 24 years . . , 25 to 29 years... 30 to3» years ... 35 to 39 years . . . 40 to 44 years... 45 to 49 years . . . 50 to 54 years . 55 to 59 years . 60 to 64 years . 668 4,851 13,502 21, 110 26,386 30,351 29,790 28,555 25, 762 19, 751 15,601 65 years and over | 28, 042 Age unlmown | 4, 191 DiaANE IN hospitals: 1910. Present on Jan. 1, or ad- mitted during tlie year. Total. 248,560 Present Jan. 1. 187,791 341 2,312 7,801 14,083 19,091 22,856 23,321 22,874 20,885 16,383 12,729 21,881 3,234 Admit- ted dur- ing tlie year. 60,769 327 2,539 5,701 7,027 7,295 7,495 6,469 5,681 4,877 3,368 2,872 6,161 957 Deaths during the year. Num- ber. Per 1,000 inmates present on Jan. 1. 18,924 44 215 591 920 1,346 1,673 1,764 1,716 1,846 1,486 1,615 5,336 372 100.8 129.0 93.0 75.8 65.3 70.5 73.2 75.6 75.0 88.4 90.7 126.9 243.9 IIS.D The distribution according to cause of death is showTi in the following table, which also gives for purposes of comparison the distribution of the deaths occurring in the total adult popidation m the registra- tion area ^ of the United States. Table 77 CADSE OF DEATH. All classes. Typhoid fever Dysentery Erysipelas Tuberculosis of the lungs other forms of tuberculosis Cancer andothermalignant tumors Diabetes Diseases of the nervous system Cerebral hemorrhage and softening General paralysis of the insane other forms of mental alienation Epilepsy All other diseases of the nervous system.. Organic diseases of the heart Diseases of tlie arteries Pneumonia Diarrhea and enteritis Nephritis and Bright's disease Senility Suicide Another forms of violence All other causes Cause unknown or ill-defined DEATHS: 1910. Among insane in hospitals. Num- ber. 18,924 113 145 157 2.433 217 282 44 6,006 1,147 2,447 1,179 795 438 1,450 755 1,609 497 1,107 1,084 154 150 2,661 160 Per cent distri- bution. In population 15 years of age and over in the registration area. Num- ber. 100.0 0.6 0.8 0.8 12.9 1.1 1.5 0.2 31.7 6.1 12.9 6.2 4.2 2.3 7.7 4.0 8.0 2.6 5.8 5.7 0.8 0.8 14.1 0.8 558, 414 10, 507 2,048 1,645 69,749 7,370 40,700 7,576 62,945 40,006 2,943 1,757 1,927 16,312 73,115 11,641 37,937 5,464 50,965 13,604 8,558 36,635 113,662 4,293 Per cent distri- bution. 100.0 1.9 0.4 0.3 12.5 1.3 7.3 1.4 11.3 7.2 0.5 0.3 0.3 2.9 13.1 2.1 6.8 1.0 9.1 2.4 1.5 6.6 20.4 0.8 Naturally a largo proportion of the deaths occurring among the insane are caused by diseases of the brain or nervous system, 12.9 per cent, or more than one- eighth, of the total number being caused by general paralysis of the insane, 6.1 per cent by cerebral ' The ' ' registration area ' ' is the area covered by the annual mor- tality reports of the Bureau of the Census. It includes those states and cities in which the local registration of deallis is sufficiently accurate and complete to be accepted by the Bureau of the Census aa a reliable basis for the compilation of death rates. It comprised in 1910 about 58 per cent or the total population of the United SUtes. hemorrhage and softening, 6.2 per cent by "other forms of mental alienation," 4.2 per cent by epilepsy, and 2.3 per cent by "all other diseases of the nervous system." In all, the diseases of this group caused 31.7 per cent of the total number of deaths occurring among the insane, as compared with 11.3 per cent of the deaths occurring hi the adult population of the registration area of the United States. It may be noted, however, that cerebral hemorrhage and soften- ing accounts for a larger proportion of the total deaths of adults than it does of the total deaths of the insane alone — 7.2 per cent of the total in one case and 6.1 per cent m the other. If this disease be omitted from the group of diseases of the nei-vous system, the other diseases in that group account for 25.7 per cent, or one-fourth, of the deaths among the insane in compari- son with 4.1 per cent of the deaths in the total adidt population. It is probable, however, that the con- trast is not in fact as great as these figures would in- dicate. The report of deaths from general paralysis occurring outside of hospitals for the insane is be- heved to be very deficient, many of these deaths being wrongly reported as due to other causes. The proportion of deaths caused by tuberctdosis of the limgs is almost the same for the insane as it is for the total adult popidation — 12.9 per cent of the total deaths m one case and 12.5 per cent in the other. Heart disease, cancer, and nephritis are of less impor- tance as causes of death among the insane than among the general population, while pneumonia is of greater importance. Suicide accoimts for 0.8 per cent of the deaths occurring among the insane confined in hospitals, and for 1 .5 per cent of the deaths in the total adult population. Table 78 AGE GROUP. Total Under 25 years.-. 25 to 34 years 35 to 44 years 45 to 54 years 65 to 64 years 65 years and over INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED IN 1910. Number. Male. 11,045 Female. 7,879 456 1,251 2,089 2,263 1,891 2,878 394 1,015 1,348 1,299 1,210 2,458 Nmnber per 100,000 inmates present on Jan.l, 1910. Male. 111.9 74.2 65.9 84.0 100.1 131.6 292.3 Female. 88.4 91.5 71.5 63.3 61.4 82.1 204.3 The above table shows the nimiber of deaths of persons of each sex in each specified age period, with the ratio per 100,000 inmates of the same sex and age period present in the hospitals on January 1, 1910. The total death rate is higher for males than for females. In the two age groups tmder 35, the diiTerence is the other way, the death rate being somewhat higher for females than for males; but in the older age groups and especially after the age of 44 the rate for males is very much the higher of the two. SUMMARY OF LAWS RELATIVE TO THE CARE OF THE INSANE. Prepared in the Bureau of the Census by Mary F. Griffin and Louis C. Taylor. The leading provisions regarding the insane in the laws of the various states are summarized in the text and tables wliich follow. So far as practicable these provisions are sho-wn in tabidar form. Tables 1 to 3, inclusive, present information regarding administrative and supervisory agencies. Table 4 gives a classification of pubhc iastitutions for the insane, and Tables 5 to 8 deal with commitment and dischai^e, while Table 9 shows provisions for the cost of maintenance of pa- tients in the state hospitals. In these tables no account is taken of provisions for the criminal insane, which may or may not be the same as for other insane persons; but Tables 10 to 15 are summaries of the laws relating to this class. Unless otherwise specified the laws were in force on January 1, 1910. Subsequent enactments and changes up to and including the session laws of 1914 ' are noted in the tables and the text either by notes or by paren- thetic clauses. In general, blank spaces in the tables or the omission of the names of states indicate that no provisions have been found. Provisions obviously obsolete but unrepealed have been disregarded entirely imless they appeared in recent official codes. GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE OR SUPERVISORY AGENCIES. Table 1 includes aU state boards having oversight of the insane, except those whose duties are restricted to a single institution. Information regarding the latter class of boards is given in Table 2. Of the state boards concerned Avith the care of the insane the majority fall into one of three main classes, namely, (1) insanity boards or lunacy conmaissions, (2) boards of control or boards of administration, and (3) boards of charities. Boards of insanity or limacy commissions have been created in nine states, namely, California, Maryland, Massachusetts, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire, New York, Utah, and Vermont. The fimctions of the boards in Montana and Nevada are practically restricted to the management of the state hospital; but in the other states, with the exception of Utah, the relations of such boards with the state hospitals are super\-isory instead of administrative. The duties of the boards of control or boards of administration are chiefly administrative, particularly their duties with respect to the state institutions, though some of these boards are charged with the supervision or inspection of pubhc institutions other than those maintained by the state and of private institutions. On the other hand, the duties of the state boards of ' The session laws for 1914 were not available for Georgia, Massa- chusetts, New Mexico, or South Carolina. For these states, there- fore, the summary covers the laws through 1913 only. (64) charities are in most cases chiefly, if not wholly, super- visory. The board of state charities and corrections in Rhode Island and the state board of charities and corrections in South Dakota, however, are exceptional in this respect, each being primarily administrative. The boards of control now in existence are some- what less numerous than the agencies such as boards and commissioners of charities which have supervi- sion over the insane, but it wiU be observed that six of the seven boards shown as having been created since January 1, 1910, are administrative boards. In addition to the boards having administrative or supervisory powers and duties with respect to insane hospitals, there are a few boards or committees which are strictly visitatorial in character. Besides the states where such boards were found to exist on January 1, 1910, or subsequently, there are others whose laws contain provisions specifically permitting the appoint- ment of visiting committees. In Kansas, for instance, the goveiTior is authorized to appoint a visiting com- mittee for the state institutions. The laws of West Vii'ginia call for a biennial investigation of the insane hospitals by a joint committee of the legislature. In Tennessee the governor, judges of courts, and members of the general assembly are ex officio visitors of the hos- pitals. In New York justices of the supreme court are authorized to appoint visitoi-s to state hospitals upon nomination of the state charities aid association. The functions of a general state board are performed by the boards of trustees of the insane hospitals of Michigan (see Table 2) when they meet jointly twice each year, or oftener, at different hospitals to adjust questions pertaining to the institutions. The commissioner of charities and corrections of New Jereey has authority to summon as an advisory board the chief executive officers of the state insti- tutions and of all institutions in the state receiving funds from the state treasury. Among the boards shown in Table 1 the uncom- pensated board is the more common, although several salaried boards exist and only two of the seven boards created since January 1, 1910, have uncompensated members. Most of the boards of control have salaried members, whereas practically all of the boards of charities shown are made up of members who receive no compensation (other than their necessary expenses). Ex officio members who receive no compensation for their services other than the salary of the position by virtue of which they serve on the board are listed as receiving no compensation. Of the membei-s of the boards shown in this table practically all either hold membersliip on the board by virtue of their official positions or are appointed by the governor. Tlie board of trustees controlling the SUMMARY OF LAWS. 65 state hospitals in Alabama, however, is self-perpetu- ating, and the members of the board of pubhc char- ities of North CaroUna are elected by the general assembly. Appointments made by the governor must usually have the consent of the senate, or, in some states, the council. In stating the term of office of members the laws frequently add some quahfying phrase such as "and until a successor is appointed and quahfied" or "unless sooner removed for cause," and in some cases members hold office at the pleasure of the governor for a term not to exceed a specified number of years. The speci- fied number of years is shown in the table as the term of office. In some cases, if members of boards fail to attend regular meetings for a specified length of time, their places may be declared vacant. Among the restrictions with regard to the member- ship of the general state boards which appear in the statutes the most common relate to poUtical affiUa- tions, such as provisions stating that not more than a specified number of members may belong to the same pohtical party, or the dominant pohtical party. Women members are required on some of the boards. For example, the board of hospital trustees in Maine, the state board of charities and coiTections in the same state, and the board of control of Wisconsin must each have one woman member, while the state board of charities in Connecticut and the state board of char- ities and corrections in Missouri must each have two women members. In Ohio there is a committee of visitors composed entirely of women. Restrictions with regard to the county or district of residence of members of the general state boards or the length of their residence in the state appear in the stat- utes of some states. In Kansas, for instance, no two members of the board of control of state charitable institutions may be residents of counties in which any state charitable institution is located, and in Kansas and Wisconsin no two members may reside at the time of appointment in the same congressional district. The latter restriction also appUes in North Dakota, ac- cording to a law of 1911. Special knowledge or experience with I'egard to the insane is not usually required by law in the case of any membei-s of the general boards other than boards de- voted exclusively to the insane. The board of admm- istration in Illinois, however, must have one member who is qualified to advise about the care and treatment of the insane, while members of the Ohio board of ad- ministration must be selected with regard to knowledge concerning the care and treatment of the insane at the institutions and concerning business management. In the case of most of the state boards of insanity one member must be a physician who has had experi- ence in the treatment of the msane. The lunacy com- mission of Maiyland must iaclude two physicians, each a graduate of some legally authorized medical college with at least five years' actual practice in medicine just preceding the appointment; one of these must have had at least two years' experience in the treatment of the msane. Of the state board of insanity of lilassa- chusetts at least two members must be experts ia insanity and the executive officer must be a physician and expert in insanity. One member of the state hos- pital commission of New York must be a physician of at least ten yeare' actual practice and five yeai-s' experi- ence in the care and treatment of the insane in institu- tions for the insane, and another must be an attorney of at least ten years' standing. Similarly, the com- mittee on lunacy of the board of public charities of Pennsylvania must include a practicing physician of at least ten yeai's' standing and a member of the bar of at least ten years' standing. The state board of health of New Hampshu-e, which constitutes a commission of hmacy, comprises the governor, the attorney gen- eral, three physicians, and a civil engineer. Of the supervisors of the insane of Vermont two must be physicians. The general superintendent of state hospitals in Cali- fornia is requh-ed to be a graduate of an incorporated medical college with at least ten years' experience in his profession as well as sis years' experience in the care and treatment of the insane, at least one year of which must have been in state hospitals of California. Table 1.— GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE OR SUPERVISORY AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, CREATED SUBSEQUENTLY. (For notes to this table, see p. 67.) 1910, OR Num- ber of mem- bers. How chosen. Term of office (yrs.) (') Compensation.' General character of duties. AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, 1910. The Alabama Insane Hospi- tals.3 Board of Control 7 3 (') 7 5 7 2 2 Management of state insane hosf-itels. Management of state charitable, penal, and reformatory institutions. Management of 3 (4 since 1911) state charitable institutions. Supervision of all public charitable, cor- rectional, and penal institutions. Administration of laws regarding care, custody, and treatment of insane and other incompetent persons. Supervision of state hospitals. Arizona Governor and state auditor ex olTicio; other member appointed by governor. State treasurer ex ofhcio; • others appointed by governor. Governor ex olEcio; others up- pointed by governor. Ex officio members, none; other mem- bensalary. Ex officio members, none; others, per (Uem during ses- sion. Arkansas Board of Trustees. California state Board of Charities and Corrections. State Commission in Lunacy. . General Superintendent of State Hospitals." Appointed by governor 27622°— 14- 66 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 1 GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE OR SUPERVISORY AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, 1910, OR CREATED SUBSEQUENTLY— Continued, (For notes to this table, see p. 67. ) Name. Num- ber of mem- bers. How chosen. Term of office (yrs.) (') Compensation.' General character of duties. AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, 1910— Continued. State Board of Charities and Corrections. State Board of Charities 5 .5 5 S 7 3 3 3 4 6 3 7 5 5 5 3 7 3 4 3 3 6 3 5 3 7 6 "10 9 3 »3 Governor ex officio: others ap- pointed by governor. Appointed by governor .... 6 4 3 None None Investigation of system of public chari- ties and correctional institutions; in- spection of chariiable and correctional institutions and insane asylums receiv- ing state, county, or municipal aid. Supervision of all institutions where per- District of Columbia. Florida Appointed by President of the United SUtes. None . . sons are held under compulsion: in- spection of institutions for dependent classes. Supervision of charitable, correctional, and reformatory institutions and asso- ciations which receive appropriations from Congress for care or treatment of residents of District of Columbia. Supervision of state institutions: man- agement of state hospital for insane. Management of all slate charitable in- stitutions; inspection of all places where insane are detained. Inspection of public charitable institu- tions. Investigation of system of public chari- ties and correctional institutions. Management of state charitable and cor- rectional institutions; inspection of county and private insane asylums. Inspection of insane hospitals, especially Investigation of treatment of insane. Management of all state charitable Insti- tutions; inspection of all places where insane are detained: admmistration of laws relating to insane. Management of state charitable institti- tions. Inspection of public charitable and cor- rectional institutions and private in- sane asylums. Management of state insane hospitals. Inspection of insane hospitals, especially Investigation of treatment of inmates. Investigation of system of state aid to Board of Commissioners of State Institutions. Board of Administration '^bariti^s Commissi"" None lUfnois Appointed by governor . 6 5 3 8 Salary None . . Board of State Charities Board of Control of State In- stitutions. Visiting Committee Governor ex officio; others ap- pointed by governor. None Per diem when ac- tually employed. Salary Board of Control of State Char- itable Institutions. Kentucky State Board of Con- trol for Charitable Institu- tions. State Board of Charities and Corrections. Committee of Trustees '» Committee of Visitors 4 4 6 3 (») 2 4 .5 s 6 fi 6 Kentucky Appointed by governor. Salary Governor ex officio chairman; others appointed by governor. None Maine . Per diem when ac- tually employed. Per diem when ac- tually employed. None Appointed by governor Board of State Aid and Chari- ties. The Lunacy Commission State Board of Insanity The Board of Corrections and Charities. State Board of Control State Board of Visitors for Public Institutions. State Board of Charities and Corrections. State Board of Commissioners for the Insane. Board of Public Lands and Buildings.12 State Board of Charities and Corrections. Board of Commissioners Commission of Lunacy " Commissioner of Charities and Correction.-;. State Hospital Commission «. The Board of Public Chari- ties of the State of North Carolina. Board of Internal Improve- ments. Board of State Charities".... Committee of Women Visitors Commissioner of Charities and Corrections. Board of Public Charities Board of State Charities and Corrections." State Board of Charities and Corrections. Visiting Committ«e Appointed by governor - Attorney general ex officio; others appointed by governor. Appointed bv governor. . None . institutions: inspection of institutions receiving state aid. Supervision of all institutions In which insane are detained. Supervision of all institutions for persons of unsound mind. Supervision of charitable, penal, and re- formatory institutions. None. ... Michigan Governor ex officio: others ap- pointed by governor. Governor ex officio: others ap- pointed by governor. Governor ex officio: others ap- pointed by governor. rectional institutions. Inspection of state, county, and munici- pal charitable and correctional Institu- tions. Investigation of system of public chari- ties and corrections; inspection of all charitable ana correctional institutions and insane asylums receiving state, county, or municipal aid. Missouri.. None Supervision of public lauds, buildings. Ex officio, including governor. None and noneducational institutions. Investigation of system of public chari- ties. Nevada. - New Hampshire New Jersey New York Governor and attorney general ex officio: others appointed by gov- ernor. 4 2 2 3 (») 4 5 6 6 indigent insane; management of state hospital for insane. Supervision of all institutions for the in- sane. Inspection of all charitable and correo tfonal institutions receiving state aid. Supervision of the care, custody, and treatment of insane. Supervision of system of charitable and penal Institutions of state; investiga- tion of causes of mental and bodily infirmity. Investigation of public institutions, ex- cept higher educational institutions which are not also charitable. Investigation of system of public benevo- lent and correctional institutions. Inspection oi benevolent, correctional, and pena institutions of the state. Investigation ot svstem of public chari- ties and corrections; inspection of charitable and correctional institu- tions rece ving state, coimty, or muni- cipal aid. Investigation of charitable and correc- tional institutions; inspection ot places where msane are detained. Supervision oi state charitable and cor- rectional institutions; management of state asylum for the insane. Management of state charitable and penal institutions. Inspection of charitable and penal insti- tutions ot the state. Salary North Carolina. Elected by general assembly Governor ex officio; others ap- pointed by governor. Governor ex officio; others ap- pointed by governor. Appointed by governor None... Ohio No"e. , None ovifthoma. . . Elected None Rhode Island SoathDakoU Per diem when ac- toaUy employed. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 67 Table 1.— OBNERAL ADMINISTRATIVE OR SUPERVISORY AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, 1910, OR CREATED SUBSEQUENTLY— Continued. Num- ber of mem- bers. How chosen. Term of office (yrs.) (') lompensatlon.' CenertI cliaracter of duU&j. AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, 1910— Continued. Tennessee Utah Vermont., Virginia... Washington.. West Virginia Wisconsin Wyoming. Board of State Charities. Board of Insanity Supervisors of the Insane 3 Board of Visitors i 3 or I Governor ex officio; others ap- pointed by governor. Ex officio, including governor Appointed by governor 3 ex oliclo, including governor; at discretion of governor, 1 woman. .Appointed by governor Board of Charities aud Cor- rection.s. I General Board of Directors I {") i Commissioner of state hospitals j j for insane, ex officio chairman; ' ' others appointed by governor. State Board of Control. State Board of Control . State Board of Control . Visiting Committee 3 Appointed by governor . 3 Appointed by governor . Appointed by governor. State Board of Charities and Reform. Appointed by governor (2 mem- bers from senate, 4 from assem- bly). Ex officio, including governor (2=) None.. None.. None. Commissioner of state hospitals for insane, salary; oth- ers, none. Salary Salary.. Salary.. None... None.. Inve^igation of system of public chari- table and correctional institutions. Supervision and control of insane per- sons; management of State Mental Hospital. Supervision of the care, custody, and treatment of the insane. Investigation of various state institutions and of public and private institutions for insane. Inspection of charitable and correctional institutions. Supervision of state insane hospitals. Management of state charitable and cor- rectional institutions; supervision of state university, college, and normal schools. Management of all state noneducational institutions. Management of state charitable, reforma- tory, aiid penal institutions; investiga- titai of treatment of insane, et«. Inspection of stat« charitable, reforma- tory, aud penal institutions. Supervision and control of state charita- ble, reformatory, and penal institu- tions, and of other such institutions, except coimty jail and poor farm at Lander. AGENCIES CREATED SINCE JANUARY 1, 1910. Maine State Board of Charities and Corrections. Hospital Trustees.. . ... ■5 7 3 as 3 i 3 5 4 6 (I.) 2 4 Investigation of system of public chari- Appointed bv governor Per diem when ac- tually employed. ties and correctional institutions; in- spection of charitable and correctional iiLstituiion.s receiving state, county, or municipal aid. Management of state insane hospitals Board of Commissioners of State Institutions. Board of Control and s-hool for feeble-minded. New Hampshire .Vorth Dakota 2 ex officio, including governor; purchasing agent and 2 other members appointed by governor. Appointed bv governor Ex officio,none; pur- chasing agent, sal- t;ry; other mem- bers, per diem. Salary tory, and penal institutions. Management of state charitable institu- Board of Control of State In- stitutions. Tho Ohio Board of Adminis- tration. Oregon Stale Board of Con- trol.» tions. Management of all charitable, reforma- Ohio tory, and penal institutions cstablislied by law, except Soldiers' Home; inves- tigation of methods of caring for insane, delinqiient, and criminal classes. Management of state charitable and cor- rectional institutions, except Ohio Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home. Management of state charitable and cor- rectional institutions. NOTES TO TABLE 1. 1 For other than ex officio members. J In many instances, especially where the members of the board receive no compensation, there are provisions for the appointment of a salaried secretary or executive officer, who in some states may be a member of the board. Traveling and other expenses incurred in performing the duties of the board are usually paid by the state or an allowance in lieu of such expenses or mileage is granted. In the case of ex oflBcio members the term "none "means no compensation other than that of the office by virtue of which they are members of the board. » Legal name as given in act creating board. * In case senate disaiUrras election of any trustee. It must declare office vacant and elect another person to serve balance of term. * One appointed from each congressional district; state treasurer. * The slate treasurer is ex officio president and treasurer of the board, but is not allowed to vote except in case of a tie. ^ At pleasure of governor in VJIO (4 since 1911). « Ex officio a member of the State Commission in Lunacy. 9 Governor and administrative officers of executive departments. '0 Superseded in 1911 by a board of trustees having control of the school for feeble-minded as well as the insane hospitals. " Appointed annually. •2 Superseded in 1913, in its relation to the insane hospitals, by the Board of Commissioners of State Institutions. '3 Composed of the State Board of Health. '* Prior to April 3, 1912, designated State Commission in Lunacy. '4 Medical member, during good behavior; others, 6 years. >« With the organization of the Board of Administration, all stale charitable and correctional mstitutlons, with the exception of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, were placed In charge o? that board. " Not including a salaried general agent and ?;wrolary, appointed by the board for a term of 3 years, who is ex officio a member of it. '>* The board appoints an agent of state charities and corrections whose dnt ios include wneral supervision of the treatment of the insane. 19 Senate may elect member at January session if governor fails to make appointment during January or if senate has been in session for 3 days after making of appoint- ment by govcnior without giving its advice and consent. In case a member appointed by governor when general assembly was not in sessiwi is in office at commencement of :uiy session, if governor mjcs not within 7 tlays after commencement of session nomiaato person to (ill vaciincy, or if senate has been in session for 3 days after governor has niadc nomination without giving its advice and consent, senate may elect person to fill vacancy for remainder of term. ^ Three members (all women). »» Comprises all members of etich special board of directors (see Table 2). ^ Appointed biennially. M lucludmg purchasing agent. " PurcIuLsing agent, 3 yejirs; other appointcoint a supermtcndent and assistants. 68 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. LOCAL AGENCIES — THE TOWN AND COUNTY OFFICIALS CHARGED WITH OVEBSIGHT OF THE INSANE, INDIGENT, AND OTHEKS. . The county poorhouses, which contain most of the insane maintamed in public institutions other than state hospitals, are usually controlled by the general administrative board of the county, such as the board of county commissioners or coimty supei-visors, or, in New Jersey, the board of chosen freeholdei-s. In some states the coimty courts have charge of the almshouses or the insane in almshouses. New Hampshire is the only New England state hav- ing coimty poorhouses, these being under the control of the county convtnissionei-s. In 3910 some insane persons were confined in these poorhouses, but accord- ing to a law which became effective on January 1, 1913, the state is now responsible for the care of all insane persons, and no county, city, or town is permittad to maintain any uistitution for the insane or be liable for the board or care of insane persons. In Massachu- setts also the state has by law entire responsibihty for the care of the insane. The almshouses of Connecti- cut, Maine, and Vermont are under the control of the overseers of the poor of the towns (who in Connecticut and Vermont are the selectmen). In all the states outside New England, except New Mexico, there are county poorhouses, and m practically all of these states some insane persons are maintained m such institu- tions. County hoards. — In addition to the general admin- istrative boards of the counties, such as the countj' commissioners, county supervisors, etc., who usually have duties and powers with regard to the insane, certain county boards are provided for by law which are more or less particularly concerned with the in- sane. These fall into two main groups. The first comprises the boards of commissioners of insanity, who have general supervision over the care and cus- tody of the insane in their respective counties or of the insane belonging to their counties. Such boards exist in Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota, each consisting of one ex officio member and two other members who serve for terms of two years, or until their successors are ap- pointed and qualified. In Iowa and Nebraska one member is the clerk of the district court (or in Iowa the clerk or his deputy) and the others are appointed by the judge of the district coiu't. In North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota the county judge is ex officio chakman of the commissioners of insanity, while the other membei-s are appointed by the county commissioners. In each of the five states named the members appointed comprise a practicing physician and a practicing lawyer. Commissioners of insanity receive a per diem allowance for the time they are actually employed in their duties as commissioners. The law in Iowa provides for two such boards for counties in which the district court is held in two places — one board for each place. The second group of county boards for which authori- zation is contained in the laws, comprises uncompen- sated boards of visitors for the inspection of chaiitable and correctional institutions in Colorado, Missouri, Ohio, and Pennsylvania, and boards of county charities and corrections in Indiana, likewise to serve without com- pensation. In Colorado, Missouri, and Indiana the provisions state that each board is to consist of six membei's appointed for terms of tliree years. In Penn- sylvania the number of members provided for is three or more and in both Oliio and Pennsylvania the term of office is one year. There are six members of the board in Ohio. Members are to be appointed by the judge of the probate court in Colorado, or (ac- cording to a law of 1911) if the probate judge in any county fails to appoint a board or iiU vacancies, by the state board of charities and corrections; by the judge of the probate court also in Ohio; and by the board of pubhc charities in Pennsylvania. In Indiana and Missouri the county boards authorized are to be formed upon the petition of 15 citizens or at the dis- cretion of the judge of the circuit court, who, in either case, appoints the members. INSTITUTIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPERVISORY AGENCIES. The next table summarizes the statutory provi- sions relating to the boards charged with the con- trol or supervision of individual institutions for the insane on January 1, 1910. It does not include, however, the general county boards, such as county commissioners, supervisors, or superintendents of the poor. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 69 Table 2.— BOARDS CONTROLLING OR SUPERVISING INDIVIDUAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS FOR THE INSANE: 1910. Name. Num- ber of mem- bers. How chosen. Term of office (yrs.) (0 Compensation. 3 California Colorado Comiecticut Delaware District of Columbia Georgia Idaho Dlinois Indiana .•. Louisiana Maryland 6 Massachusetts. Michigan Mississippi Missouri New Hamjwhire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina.. North Dakota.. Ohio Oklahoma !>.. Oregon P^msylvania Bouth Carolina. Tennessee Board of managers for each state hospital State board of lunacy commissioners for manage- ment of the state hospital. Board of tnistees for the Connecticut Hospital for the Insane. Board of trustees for the Norwk;h Hospital for the Insane (since 1911 the Norwich State Hos- pital for the Insane). Board of trustees for the state hospital Board of visitors for the Government hospital. . Board of trustees for the stale hospital Board of directors for the Idaho Insane Asylum . Board of directors for the Northern Idaho Insane Asylum. 3 Board of visitors for each state hospital Board of tnistees for each general state hospital*. Board of administrators for each state hospital. Board of managers for the Maryland Hospital for the Insane (since 1912 Spring Grove State Hospital). Board of managers for the Springfield State Hospital. Board of trustees for each general state institu- tion for the insane.* Board of trustees for each general state hospital. . Board of trustees for the state asylum for the criminal and dangerous insane at Ionia (since 1911 Ionia State Hospital). Board of trustees for the State Psychopathic Hospital. Board of trustees for East Mississippi Insane Hospital. Board of tnistees for State Insane Hospital Board of managers for each state hospital Board of tnistees for the state hospital ' Board of visitors for the state hospital Board of managei-s for each state hospital Board of directors for the state hospital Board of managers for each general state hospital t Board of directors for each general state hospital ». Board of trustees for the state hospital'^ Hoard of trustees for each state hospital u Board of directoi-s for Longview Hospitapa Board of ti-ustees for the state hospital at Supply. Board of examiners for the state hospital at Sup- ply. Board of trustees for the state hospital at Salem " , Board of tnistees for each state hospital" Board of managers for State Hospital for the Insane, NoiTistown. Board of regents for ihe state hospital Board of trustees for each state hospital Board of commissioners for each county asylum for tho insane, etc.— In counties having 150,000 population or over (Shelby County). Texas Vermont. . Virginia.. Wisconsin In counties having 40,000 population, less than 150,000. Board of managers for each state hospital. . Board of trustees for the state hospital Board of directors for each state hospital . . . Board of trustees for each county asylum . . but 3 3 3 Appointed by governor Appointed by governor Governor ex oflicio; others appointed by senate. Governor ex officio; others appointed by senate. Appointed by governor Appointed by President of the United States. AppoJnte-. None. None. None. None. Ex ofli< io, none; secretary, salary; others per diem when actually em- ployed. Salary. None. None. None. None. None. None. Per diem in session. None. None. Per diem when actually employed. Per diem when acttially employed. None. None. None. Per diem when actually employed. Per diem wlien actually employed. Ex officio member, none; others re- ceive reasonable pay, allowed by county court. Reasonable pay allowed by county court. Per diem in session. None. Per diem when actually employed." I For other than ex officio members. 3 Not including traveling and other expenses. 8 Name changed in PU3 to Northern Idaho Sanitarium. * Provision was made in 1909 for the Indiana State Hospital for Insane Criminals at Michigan City, which has been established since 1910 and is imder thu management of the board of trustees and warden of the state prison. t> Provision was made in 1010 for a hospital for tho negro insane, which has since been established at Crownsville. It is governed by a board similar in composition to that controlling the Springfield State Hospital. By an act approved April s, 1910, the Lunacy Commission has power to appoint a board of five uncompensated visitors for each county asylum and almshouse where the insane are confined, to serve at its pleasure. » Except that tlie W orcesler blate Asylum is under the control of the board of trustees of the Worcester Stale Hospital. The Bridgewater State Hospital (for the crim- inal insane) and the State Infirmary at Tewksbiu"y are under the control of the board of trustees of the State Infirmary and State Farm. ' Superseded inl913 by Board of Control. (See Table 1.) » Regulations for the institutions at Matteawanand Dannemora are made by the superintendent of state prisons, subject to the approval of the Commission in I^unacy (since 1912 designated State Hospital tomniission). • The state hospital for the dangerous insane is under the management of the board of directors of the state prison. '« Superseded in 1911 by Board of Control. (Sne Table 1.) " Superseded in 1911 by the Ohio Board of Administration. »* Longview Hospital is a county institution under state supervision and receiving a state appropriation. 13 Provision was made in 1907 for the East Oklahoma Hospital, which was opened at Vinita in 1913. It is controlled by a board of trustees, comprismg the governor as president ex officio and three trustees appointed by him toserve without compensation for terms of 3 years. X Superseded in 1913 by Oregon State Board of Control. (See Table 1, note 25.) . '* Except the State Hospital for the Insane at Norristown and the Pi.\mont Hospital, which is a semistate institution, having 3 man:\gers appointed annually bv the governor. '•By a law of 1913 the number of members was changed to 6 and term of office to 6 years. »' Compensation same as for county board of supervisors. At time law was passed compensation of all county supervisors was a pet diem allowance, but a law of 1907, amended in 1911 and 1913, prescribed a salary for supervisors in counties having 250,000 jwpulation or over. 70 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. The boards shown are all administrative in charac- ter, with the exception of the visitatorial boards pro- vided for in IlHnois, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma. As in the case of the members of the general state boards, appointments by the governor must usually be confu'med by the senate. In Connecticut the gov- ernor may fill vacancies occurring while the general assembly is not in session, until its next regular session. Failure to attend meetings without a vahd excuse in some states renders an office vacant. Among the restrictions regarding the membership of these boards may be noted the requirement in Delaware that three members of the board controlling the state hospitals be physicians. In 17 of the 31 states shown the members of the boards receive no compensation except traveling and other necessary expenses. Table 3 shows the legal provisions regarding the qualifications and manner of appointment of the chief executive ofiicers of the state institutions for the insane for which reports were received in 1910. The table is restricted to officers having im- mediate and exclusive control of the institutions. No information is given here regardmg physicians or wardens of prisons who are also chief officers of hos- pitals for the crinainal msane. Where the appointment is made by the governor the confirmation of the senate is usually necessary^. The superintendents of the general state hospitals in New York ai'e appointed with the approval of the board of managers of the respective hospitals, and the superintendent of the Bridgewater State Hospital in Massachusetts with the approval of the board of trus- tees of the state infirmary. In Kansas the superin- tendents are appointed with the consent of the gov- ernor. In nearly all cases the governor or the con- trolling boai'd of the hospital, or both, have the power of removal. The terms of office specified range from one year to "not less than ten yeai-s," but in many cases no tenn is stated in the statutes. With regard to experience the provisions vary from the mere statement that the superintendent must be a physician to the requhoment (in Colorado) of at least ten years' pi'actice and five years' actual expe- rience ui a hospital for the treatment of the insane. The supermteiident of the Oklahoma Hospital for the Insane at Supply must have spent immediately pre- ceding his appointment either ten years in regular practice or five years in practice as a specialist in dis- eases of the human mind. For appomtment as super- intendent of one of the hospitals for the insane in New York five years' actual experience in a hospital for the insane is necessaiy, except that for the position of supermtendent of the Dannemora State Hospital (for insane convicts) the same length of time spent as a state prison physician is regarded as an equivalent. Other state hospitals for the superintendents of which experience in the treatment of the insane or in the treatment of nervous diseases is a legal requisite are those in California, the District of Columbia, Indiana, Kansas, Michigan (except the State Psychopathic Hospital), Missom-i, Tennessee, Texas, and Vermont, as well as the Chester State Hospital and Peoria State Hospital in Illinois, and the State Hospital for the Insane at Danville, Pa. Tablk 3.— chief executive OFFICERS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS FOR THE INSANE: 1910. [For notes to this table, seo p. 71.] By whom appointed. Qualifications. Alabama. . Arizona... Arkansas.. California. Board of trustees (Alabama Insane Hospitals) '. Governor Board of Trustees Board of managers of the hospital ' Colorado. State board of lunacy commissioners . Connecticut Delaware * District of Columbia Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois: General state hospitals Chester State Hospital (for insane criminals) . . Peoria State Hospital (for the incurable in- sane). Indiana * Iowa. Board of trustees of the hospital Graduate in medicine, of good business habits, and of good moral character. College graduate in medicine and surgery with at least 4 years* practice. Skillful physician, married. Graduate of an incorporated medical college, of good moral character, with at least 3 years' experience in the care and treatment of the liLsane.' Graduate of an incorporated medical college, with at least 10 years' practice and 5 years' actual experience in a hospital for the treat- ment of the insane. Competent physician, not one of the trustees. Secretary of the Interior Board of Commissioners of State Institutions. Board of trustees of the hospital Board of directors of the hospital Board of Administration. Board of Administration. Board of Administration . Well educated physician experienced in the treatment of the insane. Kansas Kentucky.. Louisiana.. Maine Maryland: Maryland Hospital for the Insane (since 1912 Spring Grovo State Hospital).' Massachusetts: General state institutions « Bridgewater State Hospital (for insane criminals). State InUnnaiy Board of trustees of the hospital Board of Control of State Institutions Board of Control of State Charitable Institutions. State Board of Control for Charitable Institutions Board of administrators of the hospital Committee of Tnistees of the Hospitals (Hospital Trustees since 1911). Board of managers of the hospital Skillful physician, who has pas.sed a riRid and thorough examination. Graduate In medicine with at least 5 years' practice. Educated and competent physician.:' Well educated physician experienced m the treatment of the Insane. Well educated physician experienced in the treatment of the insane. Reputable physician who has had experience in an institution lor the insane. Physician of acknowledged skill and abiUty In his profession who Is authorized to practice medicine in the state. Person with at least 2 years' experience as a superintendent or assists ant in a similar institution, or a specialist in nervous diseases. Skillful and competent physician with at least 3 years' practice. Board of trustees of the institution . Superintendent of the State Farm.. Physician. AVell educated physician. Physician.' Physician. Board of trustees of the State Infirmary and State Farm. SUMMARY OF LAWS. Table 3.— CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS FOR THE INSANE: 1910— Continued. 71 STATE. By whom appointed. Qualifications. Michigan: Well educated, legally registered physician experienced In the treat- ment of the insane. Physician duly qualified and authorized to practice medicine and surgery in the state, in good standing in his profession, and ex- perienced in the treatment of the insane. State Asylum (institution for the dangerous and criminal in-sane called since 1911 Ionia SUte Hospital). State Psychopathic Hospital Board of trustees of the hospital. Board of trustee.^ of the hospital (10) Missiiislppl (lovernor Skilled physician. Physician of knowledge, skill, and ability In his profession, ex- perienced in the management and treatment of the insane. Missouri. . .. .... Board of managers of the hospital . Nebraska: " Physician of acknowledged skill and ability and a graduate of a regolar medical college. Nebraska State Hospital Governor Norfolk State Hospital Npw Hampshirft 13 New Jersey. ... Board of managers of the hospital . Physir.ian. Graduate in medicine with at lea^t 5 years' practice. Well educated physician and a graduate of an incorporated medical college, with at least 6 years' actual experience in an Institution for the care and treatment of the insane. Superintendents of the homeo- pathic hospitals must be homeopathic physicians. Well educated physician with at least 5 j-ears' actual experience as a state prison pnj-sician or in a hospital for the care and treatment of the insane." Well educated physician with at least 5 years' actual experience in a hospital for the care and treatment of the insane. Skilled physician of good moral character, prompt business habits, and kmdly disposition. Skilled physician of good moral character, prompt business habits, and kmdly disposition. Physician of acknowledged skill and ability, graduate of a reputable medical college, and of good moral character. Person of skill and experience in Ills profession and of good moral character. Skillful physician, graduate of a reputable medical college, with at least 10 years' regular practice or 5 years' practice as a specialist In diseases of the human mind immediately preceding the appoint- ment. Well educated graduate in medicine with at least 5 years' practice. Skillful physician, married. Competent and skillful physician. Skillful physician familiar with the treatment of the insane, married. New York: » State Commission in Lunacy (designated State Hospital Commission since 1912). \icts). Matteawan State Hospital cfor insane Superintendent of state prisons North Carolina: Board of trustees of the hospital (Board of Con- trol since 1911). Board of trustees of the hospital (Ohio Board of Administration since 1911). Ohio Pennsylvania: » burg. vania, Wemersville. State Hospital for the Insane, Danville State Hospital for the Insane (department for State Hospital for the Insane (department for State Hospital for the Insane, Warren SkiUful physician. Rhode Island Board of State Charities and Corrections Sf>nth rnrnlina Governor Physician. Physician of acknowledged skill and ability , of good moral character, and a graduate of a reputable medical col lege. Skillful physician experienced in the treatment of the Insane; of good moral character, prompt business habits, and kindly disposition; married. Skillful physician experienced in the treatment of insanity; married. Well educa'ted physician with at least b years' practice. Well educated physician experienced in the treatment of the insane. Skilled physician. Physician with at least 3 years' practice. South Dakota State Board of Charities and Corrections Board of trustees of the hospital TflnnwKpj" , , , Utah Board of Insanity Virginia General Board of Directors West Virginia Wisconsin State Board of Control Wyoming State Board of Charities and Reform • One superintendent has charge of both state hospitals for the insane. 5 Subject to an examination under the directio j of the general superintendent of state hospitals. » The superintendent of the Southern ralifornla State Hospital must be of the homeopathic school of medicine. * No specific provision for the appointment of a superintendent. The board of trustees of the Delaware State Hospital appoints the physicians for that Institution. 5 The superintendent of the Watertown State Hospital must be a graduate in medicine and surgery from some reputable medical college and of acknowledged skill in his profession. " Provisions relate to the general state hospitals only. The State Hospital for Insane Criminals at Michigan City, established since 1910 in accordance with provisions made in 1909, Is under the management of the board of trustees and warden of the state prison. ' No specific provision for the appointment of a superintendent for either the hospital for negro insane at Crowusville, established since 1910 in accordance with provisions made in that year, or for the SprinePield State Hospital at SykesvUle. The boards of managers of the ijistitutions appoint the necessary officers and agents. » The superintendent of the Worcester State Asylum is appointed by the board of trustees of the Worcester State Hospital. ' The superintendent of the Westboroueh State ITospital must be a homeopathic physician. '• The superinlendcnt and physicians of the ?'ergus Falls State Hospital must be of the homeopathic school of medicine. " Until 1913 the state hospital was managed imder contract. Under the present law the superintendent is appointed by the governor and must be a regularly licensed physician. " In provisions In force since 1913 it is prescribed that the superintendents of the Nebraska state hospitals be appointed by the Board of Commissioners of State Insti- tutions, established in that year, and no qualifications are specified. " No specific provision for the appointment of a superintendent. The board of trustees of the New Hampshire State Hospital appoints the physicians for that insti- tution. » The Psychiatric Institute connected with the Manhattan State Hospital is under a director appointed by the commission after a special civil service examination. '■' Since 1912 the qualiflcatioiLs of the superintendent of the Dannemora State Hospital have been the same as those of superintendents of the general state hospitals. '■ The superintendent of the East Oklahoma Hospital at Vinita, established since 1910 in accordance with provisions made in 1907, is appointed by the governor and must be a skilled physician. " According to an act of 1913 the superintendent of the Oregon State lasane .\sylum (now Oregon State Hospital), as well as the superintendent of the Eastern Oregon State Hospital (provided for in 1911), is appointed by the Oregon State Hoard of Control, and must be a well-educated physician, no further qualification being spedOed. '^ The T>Lxmont Hospital is a semistate institution, having three managers appointed annually by the governor. •» No specific provision for the appointment of a superintendent. The board of managers of the State Hospital for the Insane at Norristown manages and directs the a^alrs of tno institution and makes all necessary by-laws and regulations. 72 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. PKOYISIONS FOE THE CAEE OF THE INSANE. Public institutions. — In Table 4 the pubUc insti- tutions for the insane in which insane persons were reported on January 1, 1910, are classified first as state, county, municipal, and other; and a further classification is made of the institutions in each gi-oup. .Umshouses were not included imless they maintained separate departments for the insane. Of the institu- tions showai m this table 140 were state hospitals, 98 coimty institutions (49 hospitals and 49 insane departments of almshouses), and 7 mimicipal insti- tutions (3 hospitals and 4 insane departments of almshouses). Of the state hospitals 127 were general hospitals for the insane, 3 were for the chronic or Lncm-able insane, 6 were for the criminal insane, and the remainmg comprised 2 hospitals for epileptics, the insane department of a state almshouse, and a psychopathic hospital. In addition to the institutions enumei-ated on Jan- uary 1, 1910, several hospitals have since been com- pleted or are in course of construction, among which may be noted general hospitals for the insane in Cali- fornia, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Oklahoma, Oregon, and Washington ; hospitals for the criminal insane in Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Ohio, and Penn- sylvania; and a hospital for negro insane at Crowns- ville, Md. Coimty asylums for the insane, as wUl be seen by reference to the table were enumerated in 1910 in Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey, Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin. The Wisconsin county institutions for the insane are classed as separate institutions because, although some are operated in connection with the county poor farm, entirely separate buildings and lands are set apart and the financial management is distinct. In anj^ coimty which maintains both a poorhouse and a county asylum for the chronic insane, however, the trustees of the latter are ex officio superintendents of the poor unless the county board orders otherwise. In Indiana and Wisconsin the county insane asylums are designed for the care of chronic or incurable cases, but those in most of the other states would appear to be open to persons of any degi'ee of mental derangement who axe residents of the county to which they belong. Some of the county institutions for the insane are pai-tly under state control, as the Milwaukee Hospital for the Insane and the Longview Hospital in Ohio. By an act of 1913 provision has been made for the ultimate acquisition of the latter by the state and its operation as a state hospital. Provisions specif cally authorizing the establish- ment of coimty insane hospitals appear in the laws of Indiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania, Tennessee, and Wisconsin; and in Michigan the laws recognize the existence of a county insane asylum (that • of Wayne County) by providing for the admission of patients and their support. In Nortn Carolina, how- ever, there were no such asylums among the institu- tions in which insane persons were enmnerated on January 1, 1910. Four county asylums with insane departments exist in Tennessee. In Indiana, as in Michigan, there was only a single county insane asylum among the institutions for the insane as reported on January 1, 1910. In contrast with the provisions noted above, the law m Massachusetts, as well as that which went into effect in New Hampshire on January 1, 1913, prohibits the estabUshment or maintenance by any county of an institution for the insane. In the statutes of several states there are specific provisions for the care of the insane in county poor- houses (or sections indicating that the insane are so maintained either permanently or temporarily). Such states include Ai'kansas, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa, Maryland, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Cai'olina (in which the provisions apply only to the coimty and city of Charleston), Tennessee, and Wisconsin. The laws of Rhode Island indicate that insane pereons are not maintained in town poorhouses except while awaiting commitment to the 6tat« asylum. Ohio has a pro- vision prohibiting the keeping of an insane person io a coimty infirmary. In the majority of states some insane paupers are maintained in coimty almshouses, but there are only a few states (as wdl be seen from Table 4) in which any of the county almshouses have separate depart- ments for the insane. In New Mexico there is no pubhc almshouse, and in the District of Columbia the Government Hospital for the Insane is the only pubhc institution where insane persons are permanently detained. Some states have laws providing measures for the temporary detention and observation of alleged insane persons with a view to preventing commitment to an insane hospital where this may be profitably avoided. In addition to the psychopathic hospital listed in the table and the psychopathic wards or institutes con- nected with some state insane hospitals, which are likewise covered by the statistics in this report, psycho- pathic wards in general hospitals for the sick are main- tained in some locahties. These are not represented in the statistics of this report. In Minnesota the state board of control is directed by law to establish places of detention for the alleged insane in every city in the state containing more than 50,000 inhabitants, and after the completion of the detention hospitals all commitments from the dis- trict in which the hospital is situated (except of the criminal insane) must be made to that hospital. In California the board of supervisors of each county is required by law to maintain in a receiving hospital or elsewhere in the county a suitable room or rooms for the detention and treatment of the alleged insane for a period of not less than 1 nor more than 20 days. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 73 In Ohio the county commissioners, upon the request of the probate judge, are authorized to establish, in proximity to the probate court, a detention hospital for alleged insane persons, to be under the charge of a registered physician appointed as superintendent b}- the probate judge. The establishment of psychopathic wards in general hospitals for the sick was authorized in Pennsylvania by an act of 1911. Table 4.— PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ' FOR THE INSANE FROM WHICH INSANE AVERE REPORTED: JANUARY 1, 1910. Total. STATE. CODNTT. ' MUNICIPAL. STATE. Total." General.' For criminal or dan- gerous insane. For chronic or incur- able insane. Total. Insane insti- tutions. Insane depart- ments of alms- houses. hospitals, etc. Total, j i Insane in.sti- tutions. Insane depart- ments of alms- houses. other. United States. .. . . 248 140 127 6 3 98 49 49 7 3 4 3 2 1 1 5 2 2 1 I 1 I 2 9 6 30 3 3 2 2 9 12 7 5 2 8 I 3 1 2 11 1 16 4 1 7 1 1 19 1 1 2 7 3 1 1 4 2 3 37 1 2 1 1 3 1 2 1 <2 1 1 '5 1 2 ■■ 1 ; 1 1 ::::::;::::::;:::::: •1 Florida 1 1 2 7 5 4 3 3 2 2 12 6 5 2 4 1 3 1 1 2 1 16 4 1 6 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 1 1 4 2 3 2 1 1 1 2 5 5 4 2 3 2 2 2 >9 4 »5 2 '14 * 3 4 4 1 Q 1 ::::::::;::;::::::: 1 ! 1 1 2 1 2G 1 1 1 ! 26 1 ■R"(»ntiipVv ; i 6 2 4 li 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 1 1 L 1 9 1 3 e 2 1 Ohio 1 1 It ,| 1 10 3 7 3 1 2 •1 » 1 4 4 Utah Wix^t Virtrinia 1 35 34 10 1 1 II » Include insane departments of institutions not primarily for the insane. •Includes the State Infirmary at Tewksbury, Mass., which has insane wards; the hospitals for epileptics in Kansas and Massachusetts; and the State Psychopathic Hospital at Ann Arbor, Mich. • Includes 5 homeopathic hospitals and 3 hospitals for the colored insane. • Includes 1 hospital for the colored insane. • Includes 1 homeopathic hospital. • Maintained by the Federal Government. ' Includes 2 homeoiiathic hospitals. • Dixmont Hosnital is a semistate institution. » The .\sylum for Insane Indians at Canton is maintained by the Federal Government. '•Clark County Poorhousc, from which 2 insane persons were reported for January 1, 1910. Private institutions. — Private institutions for the insane arc subject to the supervision of the general state boards charged with oversight of the insane (or one of such boards) in California, Connecticut, Illinois, Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hamp- shire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsyl- vania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin. In Georgia such institutions are subject to inspection by the superintendent of the Geoi^a State Sanitarium and the chairman of the state board of medical examiners. The laws of Colorado give the county boards of visitors power to inspect private institutions for the insane in their respective counties. In Ohio the county commissioners or th<> municipal boards of health are 74 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. authorized to exercise such power. Licenses are required for private institutions for the insane in CaUfomia, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts (except m special cases), New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Oregon (by a law of 1911), Pennsylvania (except in special cases), Tennessee, and Vermont. In these states one of the general state boards or agencies (see Table 1) or a committee of such board, as in Penn- sylvania, is empowered to license private institutions for the insane, except that in Connecticut such licenses are granted by the governor, in Massachusetts by the governor and coimcil upon the recommendation of the state board of insanity, in Oregon by the county court, and in Tennessee by the clerk of the county court. According to the laws of some states persons may not be admitted to any institution for the insane, whether public or private, without judicial order. Outside of institutions. — In the majority of the states no specific provisions for the care of the insane outside of mstitutions are fomid in the statutes. The county authorities are in some states made responsible for the care of harmless, incm-able, indigent insane persons who can not be admitted to a state asylimi, but pre- svunably place them in most cases in a coimty asylum for the insane, if there is one, or in the county alms- house. The cotmty officers must, in some states, pro- vide temporarily for the care and custody of violent as well as harmless cases when there is no vacancy in the state hospitals. In most of the states where there is no specific authorization in the statutes for the care of insane persons by the county authorities, miless the state is declared liable for the support of all insane persons, the coimty authorities, by reason of theii* responsibility for the dependent poor, probably have power to arrange for the care and custody of the indigent insane. In many states a person adjudged insane may be given over into the care and custody of relatives or friends. The only states in which the laws specify that insane persons may be boarded out by the hospital authorities are Illinois, where any insane patient in a state hospital may be placed at board in a suitable family home by the board of administration; Massachusetts, where harmless patients of any institutions for the insane, other than persons committed as inebriates, may be placed at board in families by the state board of iasanity or by trustees of the institutions ; and Minne- sota, where an incurable insane patient of a hospital may be placed in a suitable jirivate family by the superintendent of the hospital. CLASSES COMMITTED. With respect to the degree of derangement which renders a person a suitable case for admission to state institutions for the insane no general statement can be made, on account of the vagueness of the terms Msed in the statutes to denote the various kinds or stages of mental unsoundness, and the fact that a term is sometimes used in a more inclusive sense in one sec- tion of the laws than in another. For example, in states whose laws contain a definition of the term "insane person," sections stating what classes of per- sons may be admitted to the state hospital for the insane sometimes construe the term "msane" in a narrower sense. And in some states the sections pre- scribing the legal pi'ocedm-e for committing persons to the state hospitals Umit the class of persons to be thus committed to a smaller gi'oup than the sections relating to classes of persons admitted to such insti- tutions. It should, of course, be noted that in many states persons are admitted to the state insane hos- pitals as volimtary patients or otherwise as pay patients whose mental derangement is not such that they may be committed by the com-ts. Fm-thermore, the legal definition of an insane person is frequently meant to cover all adults for whom guardians may be appointed, and therefore mcludes persons whose mental incompetence is not such as to warrant their commit- ment to an institution or even then* restraint. In the following states the sections of the law defining the term "insane person,"' or "person of insane mind," expressly include idiots xmder that heading: Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida, Illinois (in a section giving general niles for constiiiing the statutes), Iowa (likewise in a section giving rules for construing the statutes), Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mumesota (in one section), Missom-i, Montana, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode Island, Utah, West Virginia (though the term "luna- tic" is defined as mcludmg every insane person who is not an idiot), Wisconsin, and Wyoming. On the other hand, the legal definition of the term "insane person" excludes idiots or imbecUes, or both, in Kansas, Michigan, Minnesota (in a section relating to probate coiu-ts), New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, and Vir- ginia; and in the statutes of lUinois, in a definition of the word "insane" contained in a chapter relating to commitment, it is stated that idiots are not to be regarded as insane. In sections of the laws of Iowa (in a chapter relating to the care of the insane), Mis- souri, Nebraska,^ North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, and South Dakota, the term "insane" is defined as includ- ing every species of mental derangement ; but it is not clear from this whether idiots are included, iilthough the fact that this definition is followed in the case of Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, and South Dakota by a statement that the term "idiot" is restricted to persons supposed to be naturally "with- out mind" woxild appear to indicate that the term "insane" is not intended to include idiots in those states. • According to the definitions in the Maine statutes, the words "insane person" may include idiots except in the chapter relating to the insane hospitals. ' According to a section omitted in the Revised Statutes of 1913. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 75 The states in which the provisions regarding per- sons to bo admitted to the general state insane hos- pitals either expressly exclude mere idiots from the classes to be admitted or indicate that such persons are not considered suitable patients, are the following: Alabama, Cahfornia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Kentucky, Maim', Michigan, Miruxesota (except for the asylums for dangerous insane at St. Peter State Hos- pital), Mississippi, New Mexico, Now York, North Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia, and Wisconsin. In Georgia harmless idiots and other harmless subjects not requiring hospital treatment may be refused admission to the Georgia State Sani- tarium as long as there are recent and dangerous cases unprovided for. In contrast to the states named in the last para- graph, Oregon had in 1910 a provision (repealed in 1913) specifically including idiots, if they had been legally adjudged idiotic, among the classes who might be committed to the state hospital. Idiots and feeble- minded persons may be admitted to the Nevada Hospital for Mental Diseases if they have certain prescribed residence qualifications; and the feeble- minded and noninsane epileptics are admitted to the State Mental Hospital of Utah. No restrictions as to the degree of mental unsound- ness of persons to be committed to the state asylums for the insane are found in the statutes of Connecticut, Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts (except when the person in question has not been an inhabitant of the state throughout the six months preceding his trial and no satisfactory provision has been made for his maintenance at the hospital), Missouri, New Jersey, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Utah; nor are any such restrictions made in the provisions of law relating to the Government Hospital for the Lisane in Washington, D. C. It will be noted by a comparison of the groups of states named iji the preceding paragraphs that some of the states in wliich the term "insane person" is held to include idiots, exclude them from the classes eligible for admission to the general state hospitid, while others have no restrictions as to the degree of derange- ment of persons to be admitted to the state hospital. In the latter gi'oup of states it seems probable that the decision as to whether a person is a fit subject for treatment in the state hospital is made by the com- mitting authority. Only the dangerous insane or jioi-sons whose mental disorder is such as to endanger health, person, or property may be committed to the state insane hospitals through regular commitment proceedings' in Arizona, Cahfornia, Montana, Nevada (unless the insane person has certain pr(!scribed r&sidence qualifi- cations), and New Hampshii-e. In Arkansas the ' That is, the regular form of application states that the person's being at largo is dangerous to the community, etc. appUcation for commitment must state that the per- son's being at large is dangerous to the community or prejudicial to Ms chances of recovery, and in Oregon (according to the law in force since 1913) it must state that the pei-son by reason of insanity is unsafe to be at large or is suft'ering from exjjosure or neglect. The harmless insane, or those who are harmless and incurable, are declared not to be fit patients for the state hospitals in California, Florida, Kentucky, New York, and Vermont. In Alabama simple, harmless, incurable "dements," dotards, and imbeciles are classed as not being fit patients for the state hospitals. Epileptics as such are by law excluded from the persons who may be committed to the state hospitals for the insana in California, Kentucky, Michigan (except under certain conditions), and New York. Insane epileptics are probablv admitted to state hos- pitals for the insane in most states, unless a separate institution for epileptics is maintained. The states vary considerably with regard to the admission of inebriates, drug users, etc;. In the fol- lowing states the statutes specify that inebriates may be admitted to state hospitals for the insane: Cali- fornia (1911), Idaho (1913), Iowa (females), Massa- chusetts (females), Michigan, Nebraska, Now Jersey, South Carolina, and Vermont. In Wisconsin inebri- ates may be committed to county asylums for the insane. Demented inebriates may be admitted to the Georgia State Sanitarium. On the other hand, in Alabama the law states that no class of patients other than the insane shall be admitted to the state hospitals, and in Cahfornia prior to 1911, persons suffering from acute mania a potu were excluded from the state hospitals. The admission of drug users to state hospitals is expressly permitted by the laws of California (1911), Idaho (1913), Iowa (females), Massachusetts (fe- males), Michigan, Nebraska, South Carolina, and Vermont. In some states there are restrictions with regard to the length of residence rendering a person eUgible for admission to the state hospitals. Within the limits prescribed by law the suitabihty of a case for commitment to a state hospital is usually determined by tlie committing authority or by the superintendent or board in control of the institution. LEGAL PROCEDURE IN COMMITMENT. The legal procedure prescribed for securing the commitment of an insane person to an institution is in most states somewhat as follows : Some one makes written application to a designated com't or judge (or to county commissioners of insanity) in a sworn statement alleging that the person (either a resident of the county or found within the coimty) whose commitment is sought is insane. The judge then causes two regular practicing physicians (in some 76 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. states special medical examiners) to examine the per- son alleged to be insane and report their conclusions as to his sanity. As a rule, neither of these physicians may be related by blood or marriage to the alleged insane person nor interested, financially or otherwdse, in the asylum to which the pei'son is to be committed. The judge is authorized to summon witnesses and in some cases to call a jury. After hearing the evidence the judge or the juiy decides as to the sanitj' of the alleged insane person, and if the judge beUeves him a fit subject for confinement in an institution, he must issue an order for commitment. There are numerous exceptions to this manner of procedure, as will be noted bj^ examination of Table 5. In some states the only legal requirement regai'ding medical testimony is that a physician or physicians be included among the mtnesses ; in others the person applying for the commitment is requu'ed to submit certificates of physicians with the appHcation, and such certificates sometimes constitute the only medi- cal testimony requii-ed. Where a board determines the question of the sanity of the person under ex- amination, one member is usually a physician, as in the case of the commissioners of insanity in Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota; and in one of the states where provision is made for trial bj' jury the law specifies that one member of the jury should be a physician. Even in the few states whose laws make no specifications as to medical testimony the judge presumably is em- powered to obtain testimony from physicians. In South Carolina a judge, and in Wyoming a jmy, de- termines the insanity of the person in question before a physician's certificate of Ivmacy is secured. As shown by the headnote, Table 5 gives infor- mation regarding regular procedure in commitment to the state hospitals for the insane, but does not indicate states in which pay patients may be com- mitted to the hospital without court proceedings. A list of such states is given on page 77. In some cases it is probably necessary that the person should have been previously adjudged insane or have a guardian. The table does not give information about voluntary commitments nor provisions for temporaiy commit- ment unless these are involved in the procedure pre- scribed for indefinite commitment, nor does it cover transfers from other public institutions. While it is contrary to the Federal Constitution to deprive a per- son of his liberty permanently without " due process of law," an insane person may be taken into custody tem- porarily without legal process. For more than tempo- rary detention, however, proceedings which shall con- stitute "due process of law" must be had within a rea- sonable time. According to decisions of several courts, "due process of law is not confined to judicial pro- ceedings, but extends to every case which may deprive a citizen of life, liberty, or property, whether the pro- ceedings be judicial, administrative, or executive."* For the pui-pose of committing insane persons to the state hospitals, judicial duties are sometimes devolved upon boards such as the commissioners of insanity and other administrative boards or officers. According to the laws of Delaware, insane persons may be admitted to the state hospital by the written order of any one of the trustees, upon the certificate of two practicing physicians of tlie county where the person resides. In all the other states commitments, other than temporary, to a state hospital for the in- sane, except in the case of pay patients or voluntaiy patients, are regidarly made by some judicial officer or ofiicers, except tliat in Maine the municipal officers have the same jurisdiction as the probate judge over commitments, and in Maryland indigent insane per- sons are committed by the coimty commissioners of the several counties or the supervisoi-s of city charities in Baltimore. In Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South Dakota the county commis- sioners of insanity have jurisdiction of commitments to the state hospitals. Although it has been held that the Federal Constitu- tion requires that due notice of the intended proceed- ings should be given to an alleged insane person, there are few states in which the statutes specifically require that notice be given in such cases. Notification of the alleged insane person is expressly required by statute in California, Colorado (except imder certain condi- tions), Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Maine,Mississippi, New Jersey (since 1913), Rhode Island, and Vei-mont (according to a provision of 1910), but is left to the discretion of the committing authority in Michigan, Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, and Wisconsin. In the other states there are no specific provisions. A trial by jury is not held to be necessary for the commitment of an insane person imless it is required by the state constitution or statutory law. A jury trial is prescribed by the laws of Colorado, the District of Columbia, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Wyoming, and was required in Texas until an amendment of 1913 substituted a commission for the jury. Such a trial must be held if demanded in behalf of the alleged insane person in Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan, Washington, and Wisconsin. If tlie judge deems it advisable he may call a jury in Alabama, lUinois, Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouii, and New Jersey. In Maryland and Jlichigan persons concerned who are not necessarily acting in behalf of the alleged insane person may demand a trial by jury, and in Cali- fornia any person aggrieved by the failure of the judge to commit an alleged insane person has this privilege. In certain states, as shown on page 82, appeals from ordei's of commitment may be tried before courts which grant a trial by jury. A fist of states in which ' National conference of charities and correctionB, Proceedings, 1910, p. 260. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 77 the laws specifically state that persons found to be in- sane may have their sanitj' tested by habeas corpus proceedings is given on page 85. In California, according to an act of 1913, the court may commit persons found on examination as pro- vided by law to be mentally sick and bordering on insanity, but not dangerously insane, to the care and custody of psychopathic probation officers, or the court may allow such a person to be held in his own home or in a suitable home or sanitarium, subject to the supervision of the psychopathic probation officer and the further order of the court. The office of psy- chopathic probation officer maj' be created in any county in the state by the board of supei-visors of the county. Pay patients committed witlwut judicial j^roceedings. — In a large number of states the laws contain specific provisions to the effect that persons may be admitted as pay patients to the state hospitals without the regular legal procedure prescribed for commitment to the institution; and it seems probable that in some states where no such provisions appear in the laws either the superintendent or the board controlfing the iiLstitution has authority to admit as a pay patient a person not regularly committed whose guardian, rela- tives, or friends desire to make such an arrangement. The laws in several states require the presentation of a certificate of insanity signed by a physician, or by two or more physicians. Table 9, on page 86, shows in what states pay is charged for patients committed by formal proceedings and what persons are responsible. Nonresident insane persons may be admitted as pay patients in Delaware, Georgia, North Dakota, Okla- homa, South Carohna, South Dakota, Virginia, and West Virginia; but in South Carohna and West Vir- ginia the proceedings indicated in Table 5 arc neces- sary. In CaUfornia United States soldiers and sailors maj' be admitted as pay patients, even though they are not residents, and in Connecticut nonresident pau- pers may be committed to the state hospital by the governor upon the presentation of a certificate signed bj' a reputable physician. Provisions regarding voluntary patients are noted in the next section. The following states have specific provisions authorizing the admission of pay patients, other than voluntary patients, not committed by judicial proceedings: Cafifornia, Delaware, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and Wyoming. Voluntary commitntient. — In 1.5 states the statutes provide for voluntary commitments to the state in- sane hospitals — that is, a person who of his own accord appUes tosuch aho.spital for treatment may be detained there if there is room to accommodate him. In some of these states such persons may be admitted only as pay patients. With regard to the class of persons who may be ad- mitted as voluntary patients there is usually some specification in the laws, as that the person seeking admission should be in the early stages of insanity, or should not have reached a degree of derangement which would render it legal to grant an order for his commitment as an insane person, or that he must comprehend the act of voluntary commitment, etc. In Miclugan the application must be accompanied by a certificate signed by two physicians stating that the person needs asylum treatment but is not insane. A physician's certificate is necessary for the commit- ment of a voluntary patient in North Carolina, and a certificate signed by two physicians in Wisconsin. The period for which a voluntary patient may be detained is hmited in Ohio to 60 days, and in Pennsyl- vania to one month, with the privilege of renewal. Some laws prescribe that a person may not be held as a voluntary patient after his condition becomes such that he should be regularly committed to some hospital. A voluntary patient may not be detained for more than a certain specified length of time after he has made written request to be allowed to go at large, this period ranging from 24 hours to 10 days. The following is a list of the states having provisions regarding voluntary patients: California (1911), Colo- rado, Connecticut, IlUnois, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carohna, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia (1914), and Wisconsin. In Minnesota there are provisions for voluntary commitment to detention hospitals. The superin- tendent may continue the detention of such a patient when he deems it advisable, and if the patient asks to bo released, and it is considered unsafe, must witliin three days call in the state hospital commission (see Table 5, note 20) to determine whether the patient is insane. If found insane the patient must be com- mitted to the state hospital; otherwise he must be released. 78 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 5.— PROCEDURE IN COMMITMENT ITheproviskmasummariied b«low relate only to regular procedure prescribed for coBunitting persons to the state institutions for the insane. Proceedings incases where a person insane are not shown unless such proceedings are involved in the formal commitment of persons to the state hospitals. For lists of states in which pay Person making application. 1 Authority to whom application is made. i Presence of alleged insane person at hearing or trial required. 38 Alabama.. Arixona. . Arkansas. California Colorado . . . . Cormecticut . Delaware District of Columbia'. Florida Georgia' Idaho... Illinois.. Indiana. Iowa Kansas Kentucky . Louisiana ". Maine " Maryland ". Massachusetts. Michigan Minnesota". Mississippi". Missouri^ Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire ". New Jersey »^ New Mexico. New York ". North Carolina . North Dakota. Ohio Oklahoma Or^on *i Pennsylvania . Anyone Anyone Any reputable citizen of state. Anyone .\ny reputable person. Anyone Anyone. Probate Judge of county of residence of alleged insane person. Probate judge (since I913judge of superior court) . County and probate judge of county of residence of alleged msane person. County magistrate. County judge Probate court ' At discretion of judge. Yes Yes At discretion of court. Commissioners of District of Columbia 5 reputable citizprLs (not more than 1 may be a relatiye of alleged insane person. ) An vone Anyone Any reputable cit izen of covmty A respectable citizen of county of residence. Anyone Any reputable cil izen of town or township. Anyone Anyone . .\uy blood relatiye, the husband or wife, or a justice of peace. .\nyone Near relative or certain officials. Near relative or guardian Any citizen Any clt izen of county of residenceof alleged insane person. Magistrate of county Anyone. Anyone. Anyone. Anyone. Anyone. Anyone with whom alleged insane person lives, near relative, next of kin avail- able, committee of his person, or an over- seer of poor. Any respectable citizen of county of resi- dence of alleged insane person. Rhode Island ". . .Anyone Any resident citizen of cotmty . Superintendent of state hospital •. Equity court County judge or circuit court judge. County ordinary- (or, in certain cases,' judge of superior court). Magistrate of county Clerk of county court Justice of peace of county County commissioners of insanity . Alleged insane person may in certain cases' be arrested. Alleged insane person must be arrested and taken before judge of a court of record. As circumstances warrant Probate judge Circuit coiu-t, if in session in county; otherwise a judge of a circuit court or presiding judge of county court. Judge of district coiu-t (district court or j)arish court in provisions relating to hospual at Jackson). Municipal officers (acting as board of examiners) or probate judge. County commis-sioners of county (or if person resides in Baltimore, supervisors of city chari- ties of department of charities and corrections of Baltimore). Either of judges of probate for Sufiolk County, judge of probate for Nantucket County, or a justice (not a special justice except in cases of emergency) of a police, district, or municipal court (except municipal court of Boston). Probate court At discretion of commissioners of insanity Unless certified by credible person to be inadvisable, Unless certified by 2 regular practicing physicians to be unsafe. Presence permitted . Probate judge of county of residence of alleged insane person. Examination by jndge, at his discretion. . . Presence permitted unless deemed unsafe by judge. Clerk of chancery court. Clerk of county court — Yes. Any district judge in the county; in absence of such, chairman of board of county commis- sioners. County commissioners of insanity Yes. Judge of district court; in his absence, coimty clerk. Probate judge, supreme cotut, or any justice of supreme court. Justice of supreme court presiding in com-ts of county of residence of alleged insane person, or judge of circuit court, or jadga of court of common pleas. Justice of peace Yes. Judge of a court of record of city or coimty, or justice of supreme court. Clerk of superior com-t (in an emergency, Justice of peace makes examination). Coimty commissioners of insanity . Alleged insane person must be brought before judge by peace officer. Personal examination by clerk . Probate judge: in his absence, judge of court of common pleas. Anyone County commissioners of insanity Any citizen Any respectable citizen . Anyoae. At discretion of commissioners of insanity. Alleged insane person must be brought before judge or visited by judge. At discretion of commissioners of insanity. Coimty j udge Coort of common pleas or quarter Any justice of supreme court. Yes Statements of alleged insane person or his counsel must be heard by examining commission. Yes SUMMARY OF LAWS. 79 TO GENERAL STATE HOSPITALS. application w made merely for the confmement or restraint of the person alleged to be insane or his temporary commitment to the hospital and proceedings for adjudging patients and voluntary patients, respectively, may be admitted to the state hospitals without judicial proceedings, see p. 77. For notes to this table, see pp. 80 and 81.J .VIedical testimony. 4 Trial by Jury. 5 Authority determining insanity. Authority committing. 7 1 physician 2 (since 1913, 1 or more) reputable practi- tioners of medicine. 2 reputable, competent, and disinterested physicians, examining at different times and places.* At least 2 medical examiners' (") At least 2 reputable and qualified physi- cians selected by coiu-t.^ 2 practicing physicians, examining sep- arately.' At discretion of Judge. Jury, if called; otherwise probate judge. . Probate judge (since 1913 judge of superior court). County and probate judge (') Yes. Judge of superior court of coimty . Jury Probate coiut 2practicing physicians of good professional standing, residents of the coimty. 1 physician (see coltunn 6) Yes. 1 or more graduates in medicine. 1 or more physicians 2 reputable practicing physicians of county." 1 practicing physician of county (who may be one of commissioners) appointed by commissioners. 1 qualified physician If demanded, or if deemed ad- visable by judge. If person imder examhiatlon is not present , 2 regular practicing physicians. If demanded, or if deemed ad- visable by eotut. Yes 2 reputable physicians 2 qualified physicians examining sepa- rately." 2 physicians (3 if deemed advisable by Judge)." 2 reputable physicians ". If demanded by alleged insane person or any of his relatives or friends or requested by commissioners (or supervi- sors of city charities of Balti- more}, jury is convened by circuit court of county (or by criminal court of Baltimore). At discretion of judge Board of 3 physicians (1 the family physi- cian , if there is such ) appointed by j udge of probate, determines whether alleged insane person needs treatment at deten- tion hospital. If demanded; otherwise at dis- cretion of court. 1 physician At least 2 graduates in medicine. Yes If ordered. 1 regular practicing physician appointed by commissioners. 1 or more licensed practicing physicians . . . 2 reputable physicians may be appointed by courtor judge." 2 physicians " At discretion of Judge. At least 1 witness must be a graduate In medicine. At least 2 qualifled examiners in lunacy". 2 physicians >*., 1 regular practicing physician of county (who may be one of commissioners), ap- pointed by commissioners. 2 reputable physicians "> 1 regular practicing physician of county (who may be one of commissioners), ap- pointed by commissioners. 1 or more competent physicians Medical member of examining commis- sion. Equity court Coimty judge or circuit court judge, upon report of examining committee.^ Commission appointed by ordinary (1 member a physician), except in certain cases.' Judge of a court of record within county. , Jury', If called; otherwise commission of 2 physicians appointed by judge." Justice of peace Commissioners of insanity. Jury, if called: 13 otherwise commissiou of 2 physicians appointed by judge. Jury Judge (see colunm 2) . Municipal officers (acting as board of ex- aminers) or probate judge. Jury, if called; if no jury, county commis- sioners (or supervisors of city charities in Baltimore).!' Jury, if called; otherwise judge or justice (see column 2). Jury, if called; otherwise probate judge. . , State hospital commission, upon request of superintendent of detention hospital. Jury or majority of its members Jury, if ordered: otherwise county court. . Judge or chairman of board of county commissioners. Commissioners of insanity Judge of district court or county clerk Probate judge, supreme court, or justice of supreme court. Jury, if called; otherwise justice or judge (see column 2). Judge of district court Judge or Justice (see column 2) . Clerk of superior court (in cases of great emergency, justice of peace). Commissioners of insanity. Probate judge or judge of court of common pleas. Commissioners of insanity County judge Commission of 3 persons appointed by Judge (1 member must be a doctor, another a lawyer). Justice, upon report of at least 3 commis- sioners appointed by htin. Probate j udge Probate judge Coimty and probate judge Judge of superior court of county County judge Probate court Order of admission signed by 1 or more trustees of state hospital. ^ Equity court County judge or circuit court judge County ordinary (or, in certain cases,' judge of superior court). Judge of a court of record within county. County court Clerk of county court Commissioners of insanity Probate court Judge (see column 2) Judge (see column 2) Municipal officers or probate Judge County commissioners (or supervisors of city charities in Baltimore).'* Judge or Justice (see column 3) Probate court , State Board of Control Clerk of chancery court County court Judge or chairman of board of county com- missioners (if the latter, proceedings must be certified and approved or rejected by district judge). Commissioners of insanity Judge of district court or ootmty clerk Probate judge, supreme court, or justice of supreme court. Justice or judge (see column 2) Judge of district court Judge or justice (see column 2) Clerk of superior court (in cases of great emergency, justice of peace; but subse- quent order from clerk is required within 30 days). Commissioners of insanity Probatejudgeor judgeof court of common pleas. Commissioners of insanity County Judge Judge (see coltunn 2) Justice 0/ supreme court 20 38 80 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 6.— PROCEDURE IN COMMITMENT [The provisioDBaunimarized below relate only to regular procedure prescrfljed for committing persons to the state institutions for the insane. Proceedings in cases where a person insane are not shown unless such proceedings are involved in the formal commitment of persons to the state hospitals. For lists of statea South Carolina South Dakota. Tennessee '*... Texas» Utah Vermont 38 Virginia Washington . . West Virginia Wisconsin,... Wyoming Person maldmr application. 1 Relative, friend, or citizen Anyone Respectable citizen of coimty Anyone Anyone Husband or wife of alleged insane person, or guardian of either, or guardian of minor children; in case of pauper, se- lectmen of town, on application of over- seer of poor. Any respectable citizen Anyone Any 3 respectable citizens Anyone Authority to whom application is made. 2 Probate judge of county of residence of alleged insane person. County commissionejs of insanity , Justice of peace of county of residence of alleged insane person. County judge or justice of peace District judge of county in which person resides or, if latter is nonresident, of county in which he is found. Probate judge , County or corporation judge or justice of peace. Superior court of county or judge of such court. Any justice of county « Judge of county court: in his absence or disabil- ity, judge of any court of record for county. District coiu-t or judge of such court , Presence of alleged insane person at hearing or trial required. At discretion of commissioners of insanity. Alleged insane person must be arrested if judge believes he is insane. At discretion of judge , («) Yes Yes , Yes , Judge may have alleged insane person brought before him; if jury is called, presence of insane person is required. If person is able to attend , NOTES TO TABLES. I Neither physician may be related to the person examined. * State Commission in Lunacy may apply directly to superior court judge for commitment of insane person not properly cared for by relatives or guardian. Medical examiners, of whom at least 2 are appointed by superior cjurt of each county, must be reputable pliysicians, graduates of incorporated medical colleges, with at least 5 years' active practice. If a judge rciuses to commit an alleged insane person, anyone aggrieved may demand a trial by jury. " Any physician testifying for the purpose of securing commitment must be certilied by the judge of a court of record to be a practicing physician of reputable character, a graduate of some incorporated medical college, and a permanent resident of the state. This certificate constitutes him an examiner m lunacy. He must not be connecteci with state asylum, either as an officer or regular medical attendant, unless he is superintendent of that asylum. ■* Provisions summarized relate only to persons not indigent or paupers. Paupers, upon application by selectmen of the town, and indigent persons, after application by any person in their behalf, may be committed by probata court without formal hearing, upon report of two reputable physicians appointee! by it and, in the case of an indigent person, a selectman of town where person resides, like\\ise appointed by judge. Irovision is also made for the commitment of insane persons by any judge of superior court after inquiry by a committee of three persons appointed by him, of whom one must be a physician and another a lawyer or a judge or a justice of the peace. Nonresident insane are regularly committed by order of governor. f> Each must be a graduate of a legally organized medical institution, with at least 3 years' practice in the state; neither may be connected with any asylum or related by blood or marriage to complainant or to alleged insane person. 6 A person may also be admitted by order of court. Physicians signing certificate must be residents of coimty in which insane person resides. Each must have been in active practice for at least 5 years. Neither may be related by blood or marriage to alleged insane person or in any way connected with state hospital. Certificate signed by any physii^ian living in Wilmington must also be signed by one or both of the physicians appointed for the purpose by trustees of st^te hospital. ' Provisions relate to residents of District of Columbia who are indigent or dangerously "insane. Persons from the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and other Government services are admitted by superintendent upon order ol Secretary of War, Secretary ol the Navy, or Secretary ol the Treasury, as the case may be. * Comprising 2 physicians and an intelligent citizen who is not one of the petitioners. 8 When insane person has no guardian or guardian on notice fails to confine ward, and anyone makes oath that such person should not longer be left at large, ordinary, or, in his absence, judg;e of superior court, must issue warrant for arrest of such person, and, after investigation of facts, may commit him to State Sanitarium. In this provision no mention is made of physician. 10 Two qualified physicians in regular and active practice, residents of coimty, and of known competency and integrity. In all cases of inquest by jury one member of jury must be a qualified physician. II Appointed by judge of circuit or superior court or by Justice of peace. They must reside in proper county. In addition, certificate of medical attendant of alleged Insane perscm is required. »2 One member must be a physician of good standing, with 3 years' regular practice. " The provisions summarized were repealed by an act approved July 7, 1910. According to this act, when written application is made by any respectable citizen to the judge of the district court, judge must cause person whose commitment is sought to be brought before him and must summon 2 licensed and reputable physicians, of whom 1 must be coroner of parish and the other physician of suspected person, if he has any. Neither physician may be relsited to suspected person or have any interest in his estate. Judge and 2 physicians constitute a commission to inquire whether person is insane and a suitable subject for a hospital for insane. If after examining suspected person and hearing witnesses physicians do not agree, judge must determine issue. If judge finds person insane, he must i'^sue a warrant for his commitment to hospital designated by him as nearest appropriate hospital havmg vacancy. These provisions do not interfere with method of commitment of insane by recorders of city courts of New Orleans upon affidavits. 1* Where complaint is made to probate judge it must be accompanied by certificate of some reputable physician stating that he believes person insane. Provisions summarized do not relate to insane minors, who may be sent to insane hospital by parents and giiardians without legal examination within 30 days after attack. The authority (municipal officers or judge of probate) first taking jurisdiction in a given case has exclusive jurisdiction in case until complaint is disposed of, and if one tribunal refuses to commit an alleged insane person, complaint may not be made toother tribunal within 30 days after decision of first is recorded. If both tribunals—probate judge and municipal officers— upon application neglect or refuse to act for a period of 3 days after complaint, application may finally be made to 2 justices of peace, who must prcx^ed in form prescribed for municipal officers. li Provisions relate to indigent persons in cases where there are no relatives or others legally chargeable with their support who are able to pay rates for private patients in any institution or home for msane in state. 16 Each must be a graduate of a medical school with 5 years' practice. Neither may be related by blood or marriage to alleged insane person or connected with hospital to which commitment is to be made. IT If county commissioners {or supervisors of city charities of Baltimore) are not satisfied that person is insane, state's attorney of county (or city of Baltimore) must be notified and immediately bring question before circuit court of county (or criminal court of Baltimore) for determination. 1" Each must be a registered physician, of satisfactory character and professional knowledge of insanity, and a graduate of a legally chartered medical school or college, and must have been in actual practice for the 3 years last preceding the making of the certificate. Neither may hold any office, unless as consulting or advisory physician, in the hospital to which commitment is to be made. 19 Physicians must be appointed by probatecourt of county in which alleged insane person resides, must be permanent residents of the state, duly registered, and must not be related by blood or marriage to alleged insane person or to person applying for such certificate; neither physician may be a trustee, superintendent, or an attending physician of institution to which commitment is to be made. ^ State hospital commissions created in each city or village where a state hospital for insane is located have power to examine insane persons to determine as to their sanity. Each commission is composed of 3 persons (at least 1 of whom is a duly qualified physician) appointed by judge or judges of district court of county containing detention hospital. According to provisions which also appear in General Statutes published in 1913, out have been practically superseded by the law summarized in the table, probate judge or, in nis absence, court commissioner of any county, upon receiving verified information that an insane i>erson in lus coimty needs care and treatment, must order person Drought before him for examination and appoint 2 examiners m limacy, who with the judge or court commissioner constitute a jury. If examiners find person msane and a fit subject lor hospital treatment, commitment is ordered by the judge or court commissioner. 21 The superintendent and trustees of an asylum may admit residents of the state not legally adjudged insane, if application is accompanied by sworn certificate of insanity from 2 licensed practicing physicians and 1 respectable citizen acquainted with person in question, all of whom must be residents of county in which such person resides. 22 The provisions summarized apply only in the case of indigent persons. ,23 The parent, guardian, or friends of an insane person may cause him to be committed with consent of trustees (superseded by Board of Control). An insane pauper may be committed by overseers of the poor or, if they neglect to do so, supreme court or any judge of such court. In all cases, except where commitment is by order of the court or the judge of probate, certificates of 2 reputable physicians of the quahfications stated m note 24 are necessary. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 81 TO GENERAL STATE HOSPITALS— Continued. application is made merely for the confinement or restraint of the person alleged to be insane or his ieinporar>' commitment to the hospital and proceedings for adjudgjag in which pay patients and voiuntarj' patients, respectively, may be admitted to the staie hospitals without judicial proceedings, see p. 77. j Medical testimraiy. 4 2 physicians " 1 r%ular practicing physician of county (who may be one of commissioners), ap- pointed by commissioners. Medical witnesses, number not specified . . 2 practicing physicians 2 legally qualified physicians >' . Trial by Jury. 5 Authority dtitermining insanity. Yes". 2 licensed and reputable physicians; in case of disagreement, 3.'' 3 reputable physicians { If demanded by alleged insane I person or anyone in his be- half. 2 physicians appointed by judge " ' If demanded by alleged insane person or any friend or rela* («> tive in his behalf. Jury of 6 men Probate Judge.. ......w- Commissioners of insanity.. Justice of peace , Jury" District judge Authority committiu;;. Probate judge Commissioners of insanity. Probate judge. Clerk of county court. County judge District judge Probate judge.. Commission consisting of judge or justice Judge or justice ^ . and the phjsicians (see columns 2 and 4). Jury, if called; otherwise judge of superior court. Justice Jury, if called; otherwise judge. Jiirv Judge of superior court. Justice «« . Judge Judge (see column 2). 10 NOTES TO TABLE 5— Continued. 2i Each must be legally registered in the state, with at least 3 years* practice. Neither may be a relative of alleged insane person or an official of the instituiiou. They must make exaniinaliou jointly. ■■» According to provisions in force Jan. 1 , 1910, an application accompanied by sworn certificates of insanity from 2 physicians had to be filed with head officer of insti- tution, but no person admitted on such application might be held for more than 15 days, unless the application filed as stated or certified copies were presented within that time to justice of the supreme court pre^idmg in courts of county of residence of alleged in^^-ane person or to a jud^e of circuit court or of court of common pleas in such county, or, if that county was not known or person was a nonre::;ident, to one of these otlJcials in the county containmg the institution. The judicial officer was authorized to Institute an inquiry and at his discretion call a jury. According to provisions enacted in 1913, no person admitted on an application in the form prescribed may be held without an order of temporary commitment from the judge of a court of record of the city or county in which the alleged insiuie person rei^iJes or is found longer than is necessary to obtain such an order. This order must institute an inquiry within lo days as to mental condition of such person, such inquiry to be held before a judge of circuit court or judge of court of common pleas of county of residence of alleged insane person (or, if this is not known, of county containing the institution). Time of conclusion of inquiry may be extended by judge to 30 days from date of order instituting inquiry. If person does not, in opinion of person making application or of phy- sicians signing ceniiicate. require Immeuiate restraint, application for his commitment must first be made to judge of court of common pleas in county in which person resides or is found, or to judge of circuit court of that county, for order instituting an inquiry and specifying time and place and ju' The provisions summarized were superseded by an act of 1913, which does not differ in respect lo items noted in table, except that it does not state that person noti- fying the judge should be a citizen. i*! .\nyjustice or clerk of adi3trictcourt,oncomplaint that a person within the county is dangerous by reason of insanity, must have him brought liefore Called bj- judge to certify to Insanity of person in question when judge is informed that person can be received in state hospital. PhysiciacLs must be registered in accordance with state law and must have examined person separately; they must not be related by blood or marriage to person examined. M The provisions summarized relate to nonpaying patients. If after inquest justice is satisfied that person in question Ls insane, he must require medical witnesses named in application to make out a certificate in prescribed form. » When affidavit is filed with county judge or justice of peace (who transmits it to coimty judge), alleged insane person must be arrested, if judge believes information true. Justice of peace may cause person to be arrested. According to provisions as amended in 1913, county judge upon receipt of affidavit is required to appoint a commission of 6 persons which must include 1 phyi^ician in counties of lo.-s than 5,000 inhabitants; 2 physicians in cotmties of 5.000 but less than 10,000; 3 in counties of 10,000 but less than 25,000; 4 in coimties of 25,iK)0 but less than .0O,iX)O; and must be made up entirely of physicians in counties of -W.OOO or more inliabitants. If majority of members find person in.<;ane, and in need of restraint and treatment, coiitity judge must commit him to one of the state insane asylums. w In the case of an inmate of the Soldiers' Home, application is made" by the superintendent. The procedure noted in the table is necessary in the c;iso of all insane Sersons supported wholly by state, except thosecommittedby order o f supreme or county court or removed from state prison or house of correction, and is probably followed I the case of all persons committed to the state hospital, with exceptions noted. According to an act approved Jan. 14, 1911,uponsatisfactory proof that person whose commitment is sought by selectmen de.^ires to attend hearing and be heard, court must order him brought before it. •^ Unless committed by supreme or coimty court. I'hysicians must be residents of the slate, not members of same firm nor ofHccrs of a hospital for insane in Vermont , nor members of board of supervisors for insiuic. »* One, when practicable, must be physician of suspected person: neither may be related in any manner to such person or mterestcd in hLs estate. *> Judge or justice orders temporary restraint; sheriff or commissioner of state hospitals arranges for final (■ommitmcnt. « Justice orders arrest of suspected person in his county and determines whether he is msane. The justice may summon a physician or any other witness. If justice finds person insane, circuit court of county of whidi he is an mhabit:uit must appoint a committee for him. When palieni arrives at hospital, he is examined by a board composed of the superintendent and a director, and if these do not concur in opinion with the justice, they must order that person in question be conveyed back to county in which he was examined. When a person residing in the stale, not found insane by a justice, is suspected lo be insane, circuit court of county of which such person is au inhabitant must on application of any pci^on interested, after 5 days' notice to person suspected, examine uilo his mental condition, and if satisfied that he is insane, appoint a committee for him. If such person is sent to hospital, the clerk of court must transmit to the auditor a certified copy of the bond of the committee and of any order of court relating to the insane person, and after person is admitted, must send copies of such orders to the State Board of Control. If jury declares person sane, he must bo Immediately discharged; if he is declared insane, order of recommitment is issued in same manner as order of commitment. Cost oi commitment. — In seven states, namely, Cali- fornia, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, (in the case of persons arrested as dangerously insane), Kansas, Pennsylvania, and Wyoming, the laws provide that if a person for whom commitment is sought is found upon investigation not to be a suitable subject for conmiitment as insane, the one instigating the investi- gation (in Wyoming coimty officials are specifically exempted) either must be held liable for all costs or may be so held at the discretion of the investigating agency. In these states as well as in Arizona, Colorado, the District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Maine, Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, Rhode Island, Texas, and Utah the cost of commitment of the insane person must be borne by him if he has sufficient estate, and, in a nimiber of them, persons legally liable for his support are made responsible for such cost or a part of it. In Massachusetts the cost of commitment of patients whose expenses at the hospital are not to be paid by the state would appear to be chargeable to the person making application for SUMMARY OF LAWS. 83 commitment or some one in his behalf. If the person committed is indigent, however, the cost is chargeable in Florida (apparently), Kansas, Massachusetts, Mis- sissippi, Missouri, and Pennsylvania to the county of legal residence or the county of legal settlement of the insane person, as also in Delaware (where there are no specific provisions regarding the cost of commit- ment of nonindigent persons) ; in Connecticut,' Mame, and Rhode Island, to the town liable for his support; in New York, to the town, city, or comity securuig the commitment; in California (with the exception of the sheriff's fees and expenses, which are paid by the state), Georgia, Illinois, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming, as well as in South Carolina and West Vu-ginia (where there appear to be no specific provisions regarding the cost of committing the nonindigent insane), — and probably also in Arizona, Idaho, Indiana, and Michi- gan — to the coimty from which the commitment was made; and in Colorado to the state. The District of Colimabia pays the commitment expenses for indi- gent insane persons committed there. In Ai'kansas, Indiana (except in the case of persons arrested as dangerously insane), Iowa, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oregon (by a law of 1913), Washington, and Wisconsin, the county of legal residence is chargeable with the cost of commit- ment of all insane persons, except that in North Caro- lina the cost of conveying a person to the hospital must be paid by him, if he has sufficient estate. In Louisiana the parish, and in Ohio the county, where the proceedings are held paj's the cost of com- mitment of all insane persons; the county paid this cost in Oregon also, prior to 1913. In Vu-ginia the coimty or corporation from which the patient is sent to the hospital is chargeable with this expense, except in the case of voluntary patients who, according to the act of 1914 providing for their admission, must pay the cost of their transportation to the hospital. For indigent insane persons in New Mexico the cost of conunitment is paid by the county from which the person is taken to the asylimi. In Vermont the town instituting the iuquirj- is required to pay the cost of commitment for indigent insane persons. According to the laws of Nevada, all costs of com- mitment for indigent persons, including transporta- tion, are a charge upon the state. Where an insane person is not found to have anj' legal settlement in the state but is eligible for com- mitment, some laws make the state chargeable with the cost of commitment. In certain states where the county is chargeable with the cost of tlie actual com- mitment proceedings, the state must pay the cost of conveying the insane person to the state hospital. In Alabama, New Jersey, South Dakota, and Ten- nessee, practicall}'^ the only provisions concerning cost of commitment relate to the cost of conveying ' The costs of proceedinfjs for commitment by a superior court judge, however, are taxed at his discretion, and the cost of com- mitjnent of certain soldiers, sailors, and marines is paid by tlie state. the insane person to the hospital. For an indigent patient in Alabama the county of lesidence must pay such expenses. In New Jersey the trustee, guardian, or relative liable for the support of the insane person must pay for his transportation to the hospital. The state pays this expense in Kentucky and South Dakota. For nonpaying patients in Tennessee the county to which the patient belongs pays the cost of transportation to the hospital; no provision regarding judicial pi-oceedings for the commitment of paying patients exists in Tennessee. No special provisions in regard to cost of commit- ment are made in Maiyland, New Hampshue, North Dakota, and Oklahoma, but it is probable that these charges are paid in the same manner as court charges generally. Conveying patients to the hospital. — According to the laws of Arkansas, Indiana, New Jersey, Ohio, and Wisconsin no female insane person (in Wisconsin no female over 10 years of age) may be conveyed to the hospital to which she is committed unless accompanied by at least one female attendant. vSuch a provision existed also in Oregon until repealed in 1911, the choice of the attendant who is to be sent to bring the patient to the asylum being now left to the superintendent without restriction. In Colorado, Cormecticut, Illinois, Maine (by an act of 1911), Maryland (by an act of 1910), Massachusetts, Michi- gan, New York, and Pennsylvania,' the laws re- quire that such a person must be accompanied by some other female or by some member of her family; while in California, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Ne- braska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and Utah any relative of the patient may serve as a substitute for the female otherwise required to accompany her, although in ^Minnesota the law specifies that the sub- stitute must be a near relative. In most of the remaining states the procedure pre- scribed for commitment includes a provision that the court direct the superintendent to send an attendant to bring the patient to the hospital, the superintendent thus being allowed to follow his own judgment in the matter. PAROLE OF PATIENTS. Li a large number of states, namely, Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas (by a law of 1913), California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky, Maine, Maryland (by a law of 1910), Massachusetts, Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, Now York, North CaroUna, Oliio, Rhode Island, South Carolina, Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin, the laws contain provisions for the parole of insane patients luider various headings, such as furlough, conditional discharge subject to revocation, parole, etc. The pro- visions noted iji Tennessee apply only to inmates of private institutions. ' The provision noted applies only to indigent females. 84 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. The provisions for parole apply usually to persons judged harmless b}' either the superintendent or the iioard controlling the hospital, the power of paroling patients in practically all of the states named being vested in the superintendent or the board, or in both. In New Hampshire the superior court or any justice thereof may parole any pei-son committed to the state liospital, and the court or justice may at any time there- after revoke such parole and order the person returned to the state hospital under the original commitment. In Michigan pay patients maj^ be paroled for not more than 30 days under conditions prescribed by the board of trustees, and patients discharged by the su- perintendent may, ^nth his approval, be readmitted at any time within 6 months without a new order of commitment. The maximum period for which pa- tients may be paroled varies from 30 days in CaU- fornia, Marylajid (by an act of 1910), North Carolina, Tennessee, and Vermont, to 3 months in Illinois, Ohio, and South Carolina (90 days in Ohio) ; 6 montlis in Alabama, Arkansas (unless extended for another 6 months), Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Minne- sota, New York, and Rhode Island; and 2 j-ears in Wisconsin. In Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Kentucty, Missouri, New Hampshire, and Virginia, the period is indeterminate, or at the discretion of the authority granting the parole.. According to the laws of Alabama, Uliuois, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, South Carolina, and Ten- nessee, if the paroled patient is not returned to the hospital within the maximum period allowed for parole he must be considered discharged. In the other states the order of commitment presumably remains in force until he is legally discharged. DISCHARGE. In a large number of states the superintendent has authority to discharge patients who have recovered their sanity, subject to the rules of the board con- trollmg the institution; but in some states, as in Ohio and Texas, he must have the approval of the board controlling the hospital or one or more members of this board, and in some he may merely file a certifi- cate with the controlling board. In Colorado the super- intendent must notify the judge of the county court by which the person was adjudged insane, and in Arkan- sas he must notify the county and probate judge of the county from which the person was committed. In several states the superintendent may arrange for the discharge of persons not completely recovered, who are harmless and may safely be cared for in homes or by the counties, to make room for more urgent cases. The parole of a patient, as has been indicated, may result in his discharge automatically. The laws of Connecticut provide that upon proper apphcation and proof that a pei-son committed by a probate court has been restored to reason, such court may order his discharge. In New Hampshire any per- son committed to the state hospital may be discharged by any three trustees (since 1913, members of the board of control), the commission of lunacy, or a justice of the supreme court, whenever further detention in a hospital is deemed unnecessary. In Table 7 information is given regarding appeals for the discharge of patients claimed to be sane. Table 7.— APPEAL FOR DISCHARGE OF PATIENT CLAIMED TO BE SANE. Colorado 1 Connecticut".. Delaware * Georgia'. Iowa Kansas Kentucky Massachusetts . Nebraska' New Hampshire . Court to which application is made. County court of comity where person is confined. Any judge of superior court , Chancellor. Probate judge of district court of county in which hospital is located. Judge of probate court of county in which hospital is located. County or circuit court Justice of supreme judicial court in any county. Judge of district court of county in which hospital is located or of count y in which patient has his le- gal settlement. Supremecourt or any justice of such court. .\uthority determining ques- tion of sanity. Two physicians appointed by court .'- Commission of 2 or more per- sons appointed by judge at his discretion. Jury summoned by sheriff upon order of chancellor. Judge, upon report of commis- sion fi appointed by him and other testimony. Court, after inquiry.' Jury ordered by court to in- quire into case in open coiut. Jury, if ordered by judge or requested by any person ap- pearing in "case; otherwise justice. Judge, upon report of commis- sion of not more than 3 per- sons B appointed by him, ac- companied by statement of | superintendent of hospital. Coin"t or justice, after investiga- tion. STATE. North Dakota ' Oklahoma ' Rhode Island.. South Dakota'. Utah Wisconsin" Court to which application is made. County judge of county in which hospital is located or of county in which pa- tient has his residence. Coimty judge of coimty in which hospital is located or of county in which pa- tient has his legal settle- ment. Justice of supreme court County judge of coimty in which hospital is located or of coimt.v in which pa- tient has his residence. Board of Insanity, which must ask inquiry by dis- trict judge of district in which hospital is located. Judge of any court of record of county in which person resides or of coimty in which he was adjudged insane. .\uthorlty determining ques- tion of sanity. Judge, upon report of commis- sion of not more than 3 per- sons 8 appointed by him, signed by superintendent of hospital.' Judge, upon report of commis- sion of not more than 3 per- sons 8 appointed by him, signed by superintendent of hospital. Justice, after receiving report of commission issued by him._ Jndee, upon report of commis- sion of not more than 3 per- sons 8 appointed by him, signed by superintendent of hospital. District judge (see preceding column). Jury, if demanded: otherwise judge, upon report of 2 physi- cians appointed by him and other testimony. 1 Provisions apply to all persons confined as insane, except those in state insane asylum. ' Not more than one of I' e^e may be olhcially connected with institution where patient is confined. 3 ProvL^ions relate to persons alleged to be imjustly detained in any insane asylum or in custody or control of individuals under order of probate court. Appointment of commission is not mandatory. Commission may not be repeated within six months. * Sworn petition must be presented by person committed to state hospital, anyone related to him within third de?ree of consanguinity, or any other three persons. 5 Trial by jury may be had by all patients convicted of lunacy, if a relative or friend makes aflSdavit that he believes cause of commitment has ceased to exist and snperint€ndc"nt refuses to discharge p.itient after demand is made. * Inquir>' may not be had withm si.x months of admission of patient and may not be repeated within six months. ' Commission may be appointed only in case of person who has been a patient in the hospital at least six months and may not be repeated within six months. fl One must be a physician, and if two or more are appointed, one must be a lawyer. , ■ j , > According to an amendment of 1913, county judge, after receiving report of commissioners and before finding person sane, must notify nearest relative or friend ol patient, together with all persons who testified at hearing at which patient was found insane, to appear before him within five days of the mailing ol the notice and give testimony. *• Provisions relate to persons adjudged insane by any court or authorized officer and persons restrained of liberty because of alleged msanity . SUMMARY OF LAWS. 85 In Connecticut, Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Wis- consin the. provisions are of general apphcation, and in Iowa, Nebraska, iSTorth Dakota, Oklahoma, Rhode Island, and South Dakota they apply to patients in any hospital, but in Colorado patients in the state hospitals are expressly excluded from the apphcation of the provisions noted. For the other states the sections summarized apply only to inmates of state hospitals. In California an insane patient having no guardian who is absent on leave granted by the medical super- intendent of a state hospital or anyone in his behalf, if refused a certificate of recoveiy b}" the superintend- ent, may apply for a hearing to a judge of the suj)erior court of the county where the pereon resides. Provisions regarding appeals for tlie discharge of a patient who has not recovered are summarized in Table .S. In Connecticut and the District of Columbia the provisions are of general apphcation, but in Massa- chusetts they are restricted to persons not committed by the courts, in Pennsylvania to pei-sons legally com- mitted to any hospital, and in the oihe.v states to inmates of the state hospitals. Table 8.— APPEAL FOR DISCHARGE OF PATIENT WHO HAS NOT RECOVERED. Authority to which appli- cation is made. Procedure. Authority- to which appli- cation is made. ' Procedure. Califomia. Comiectlcut ' District of Colum- bia. Maine" Massachusetts'. .[Vny superior court judge of county in which hospital is located. Anj' judge of superior court . Any judge ot supremo court of District of Columbia. Municipal oflicers of pa- tipnt's town. Probate judge (for county in which institution is located or county in which inmate has his residence) or a justice of supreme judicial coiu-l. Judge, after giving superin- tendent a hearing, may order discharge upon security for patient's good behavior and maintenance. Commission of 2 or more per- sons may be appointed by judge; if, in their opinion, patient is illegally detained or his confinement is no longer advisable, judge must order his discharge. Judge may deliver person to party givmg bond for his re- straint and care until his re- covery. Municipal officers may t^use relefu.e of patient. Judge or justice, after due no- tice to superintendent or trustees of' institution or Stale Board of Insanity, may ilischarge patient, if it ap- pears tJiat he will be properly cared for or that his detention is no longer necess-iry for his own welfare or safety of pub- lie. If guardian or any rela- tive opposes discbarge it may not be made without written notice to person opposing it. Michigan. . Nebraska. New York-, North Dakota. . Probate court of county j from which patient was admitted into asylum. ! Commissioners of insanity of county where patieiit belongs. .\ny judge of court of record in district in which hos- pital is located. ' Conmiissioners of insanity j of coimty where palieru j belongs. Pennsylvania *. South Dakota . rtah Any law judge . Commissioners of iiLsanity of county w-here patient "be- longs. Judge of district court Issu- ing commitment. Probate court, after giving superintendent a hearing, may order discharge upon security for patient's good behavior and maintenance. On making provision for care of patient within county, commissioners of insanity may autiiorize his discharge. Judge, after givinj? superm- tendent a hearing, may order discharge upon security for patient's good behavior and maintenance. On making i)rovision for care of patient within county, com- missioners of in.sanity may authorize his discharge. Judge must make suitable inquisition and act in his discretion. On making provision for care of patient within county, commissioners of insanity may authorize his discharge. Judge may direct delivery of patient to applicant upon security for patient's proper care and custody and obedi- ence to orders of judge. 1 Provisions relate to persons alleged to be unjustly detained in any insane asylum or in custody or control of in'lividuals under order of probate court. Commission may not be repeated within si:: months. 2 Provisions apply to applications by persons liable for the support of a patient who had been in cither state hospital for six months and who has not been committed by the supreme court and is not afflicted with homicidal insanity. If application is unsuccessful, it may not be renewed within si,x months. » Provisions do not apply to persons committed by courts. No unrecovered person known to have committed violence or attempted violence to others may be discharged without approval of State Board of Insanity. " * Applicant must state that patient in hospital is losing his bodily he-^Ith and that his welfare would be promoted by discharge or that his menial disorder has so Ifcr changed its character as to render further confinement imnecessary. Habeas corpus proceedings. — In the laws of a number of states it is specifically provided that persons con- fined as insane (in some states the law apphes only to pei-sons confined in hospitals or to those in state hos- pitals) are entitled to a writ of habeas corpus. The authority to whom apphcation for a writ of habeas corpus is to be made is in California the supe- rior judge of the county in which the hospital is located; in Massachusetts, a justice of the supreme judicial court; in Michigan, the circuit court of the county in which the asylum is situated; in Pennsyl- vania, any law judge; and in Washington, the supreme court or sujierior court or any judge of either court. In Nebraska thti clerk of the court which ordered the commitment must be given notice of the hearing, and if the person committed is not restored to reason, but the commitment j)roceedings were irregular, the latter may be returned to the county from which he was commit t(>d to be proceeded with according to law. The states having specific provisions concerning habeas corpus proceedings in the case of persons con- fined as insane are as follows: Alabama, California, Connecticut, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan, Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin. Removal of patients to homes. — The an-angements to be made for the removal of discharged patients to their homes or the county or town from which they came are prescribed in the laws of some states, while in the othere they are probably fixi^d by the board in control of the institution. In Alabama the probate judge, and in Arkansas the county and j)robate judge, of the county from which the j)atient came, must, when notified, arrange for the return of the patient. In CaUfornia a discharged j)atieut must be returned to the county from which he was committed at its ex- pense, and in Washington an indigent discharged patient may be so returned. In Wyoming patients are returned at state expense to the county from which thev were committed. In Maine the overseers 86 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. of the poor of the town liable for the commitment expenses of the patient arrange for his removal to the town. Before a patient is discharged in ^Michigan notice must be given to his friends or the superin- tendent of the poor of the county from which he came. In Massachusetts inquiry must be made into the future situation of every discharged patient. The statutes of 19 states contain sections providing that a patient discharged as cured must be furnished with suitable clothing and money (in some cases limited to a specified maximum amount) for necessary travehng expenses, these states being Arizona, CaUfor- nia, Colorado, Geoi-gia, Ilhnois, Iowa, Kentucky, Mas- sachusetts, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Jer- sey, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. Minnesota, Vir- ginia, and West Virginia Ukewise have provisions re- garding the payment of expenses. In some of these states the provision is specifically restricted to indi- gent persons or paupers or public patients, and it is probable that such expense is always a charge against the patient or the responsible relatives, if these are able to pay. COST OF MAINTENANCE OF PATIENTS IN STATE HOSPITALS. In Table 9 is a statement of the poUtical divisions or persons paying the cost of maintenance of insane patients regularly committed to the state hospital — that is, committed according to the procedure shown in Table .5. Table 9.— COST OF MAINTENANCE OF PATIENTS IN STATE HOSPITALS. (This table applies only to persona admitted according to the provisions summarized in Table 5. It does not cover pay patients admitted by arrangement with guardian, relatives, or friends cr upon voluntary commitment, nor the criminal insane.] Alabama Arizona Arkansas CallXomia Colorado Connectioat Delaware Dist. Columbia « Florida Georgia Idaho Illinois Indiana Iowa Kansas Kentucky Louisiana Maine Maryland* Massachusetts. . . Michigan Minnesota Mississippi POLITICAI. DIVISIONS OB PEK30N3 PAYINO THE COST OF MAINTENANCE OF INSANE PATIENTS REGULAKLY COM- MITTED TO STATE HOSPITALS. Paying expenses not paid by individuals.' State.. State.. state., state.. State.. Town of legal residence parti and state the re- mainder; II no legal residence in any town, state. State The Dbtrict one-half; United States the re- mainder. State State* State state State County of legal resi- dence; If no legal resi- dence in any county, state. state State.. State- State.. County of legal residence (or city of Baltimore) part and state the re- mainder. state State; county of legal residence for first year. State., state.. Individuals paying when able. Patient or support, friends if Patient, or Ing. Patient. Patient or, support. Patient or support. Patient or support^, friends if Patient. Patient. relatives liable for his or other relatives or they are willing, friends if they are will- relatives liable for his relatives liable for his relatives liable for his or other relatives or they are willing. Patient. Patient or relatives liable for his support^ or other relatives or friends if they are willing. Patient. l^atient or relatives liable for his support, or other relatives or friends if they are willing. Patient or relatives liable for his support. Patient or relatives liable for his support, or other relatives or friends if they are willing. Patient or relatives liable for his support, or other relatives or friends it they are willing. Patient or relatives liable for his support. Patient or relatives liable for his support, or other relatives or friends if they are willing. Patient. Missouri Montana Nebraska Nevada New Hampshire New Jersey New Mexico New York North Carolina. . North Dakota. . . Ohio Oldahoma Oregon Pennsylvania... Rhode Island'.. South Carolina.. South Dakota. . . Tennessee Texas Utah Vermont Virginia Washington West Virginia. . . Wisconsin Wyoming POLITICAL DIVISIONS OB PERSONS PATINO THE COST OF MAINTENANCE OF INSANE PATIENTS REQULARLY COM- MITTED TO STATE HOSPITALS. Paying expenses not paid by individuals.' County State County of legal residence if any found; other- wise state.. State State County of legal residence one-half and state the remainder; If no legal residence in any county, state. State State State.... County. State.... State . . . State . . . County from whicli com- mitted part and state the remainder. State State.. County.. State*... State.... State.. State.. State.. State.. State. . County of residence part and state the remain- der. State Individuals paying when able. Patient. Patient, or relatives or friends it they are willing. Patient or relatives liable for his support. Patient or relatives liable for his support. Patient or relatives liable for his support. Patient. Patient or relatives liable for his support, or other relatives or friends if they are willing. Patient. Patient, or relatives or friends If they are willing. («) Patient or relatives liable for his support. Patient or relatives liable for his support. Patient or relatives liable for his support. Patient or relatives liable for his support, or other relatives or friends it they are willing. Patient. Patient or relatives liable lor his support. Patient or relatives liable for his support. Patient or relatives liable for his support. Patient or relatives liable fjr his support. Patient or relatives liable for his support, or other relatives or friends if they are willine. Patient, or friends if they are will- ing. 1 An indigent patient able to pay part of his expenses is usually required to do so. Where two poUtical divisions share the expenses of dependent patients, the amount so paid by a patient is usually credited to the lesser subdivision. 2 Person makhig application tor commitment of an indigent person pays part of his expenses, state paying remainder. State pays all expenses for certain soldiers, sailors, and marines. 8 Provisions relate to resiuents of the District of Columbia. Other patients are supported directly by the Federal Government or by their pensions. * The code of 1911 contains provisions indicating that when able the patient or relatives liable for his support must pay the cost of maintenance, although these would appear to have been repealed by a law of 1877 stating that the sanitarium is free to all insane residents of the state. 6 Persons able to pay entire cost of maintenance in hospital or having relatives or others liable for their support who arc able to do so, are committed only as pay patients (see p. 77). Indigent patients able to pay pirt of their e'q>enses, provided they have no relatives or others legally chargeable with their support who are able to pay the rates charged for private patients in any instil ution for the insane m the state, may be committed as reimbursing patients, the amount paid by the patient being paid to the county -According to a section enacted m 1904 and amended in 1908, which provides for the ultimate removal of all insane persons from county and municipal insti- tutions to tlie state bospitabi, persons thus removed are to be supported by the state after Jan. 1, 1911. » According to a law ot 1910 the patient or relatives liable for his support must meet his expenses if able. ' The information given in the table is taken from a section of the General Statutes of 1909, which states that no town is liable for any portion of the cost of matatenance of an indigent insane person at the state hospital for the insane. Another section of the General Statutes, however, states that the town of settlement of such a person is liable for his maintenance in the state hospital. « j ,. , t. . j- » Provided number ot patients supported by state from any county relatively to the population ot the county does not exceed a ratio fixed by law. For mdigent patients sent to the hospital from any county in excess of its legal quota, the county pays the cost of maintenance. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 87 The table does not cover provisions for private pay patients who may be admitted by special agree- ment with the authorities controUing the hospital (see p. 77). Where the county hable for the cost of maintenance is the county of legal residence or the county of legal settlement, the laws do not always make the distinction clearly; but in cases where the coTmty of residence is specified it is probable that this county could collect from the coimty of legal settle- ment — that is, the county liable under the poor laws. In some cases it is possible that the state or county may collect from relatives Hable under the poor laws even though the law relative to the state hospital mentions only the liability of the patient. In about three-fourths of the states the state is responsible for the cost of maintaining dependent patients at the state hospital. The state pays part of such cost in Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, Penn- sylvania, and Wisconsin, the remainder being charge- able to the county from which the person is committed in Pennsylvania, to the town of residence in Connecti- cut, and to the county of residence in the other states named. Unless otherwise specified in the table, the coimty hable for the cost of maintenance of insane persons is the count)^ of residence or the county of legal settlement. In Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, North Da- kota, and South Dakota the expenses of poor and indi- gent patients in the state hospital are chargeable to the county of residence or the county of legal settlement of the insane person. The District of Columbia pays one-half of the expenses of its indigent insane patients in the Government Hospital for the Insane and the Fed- eral Government the remainder. Pro^nsions regarding the length of residence which entitles a person to rehef as a pauper are shown in a "Summary of State Laws relating to the Dependent Classes," pubhshed by the Bureau of the Census, but are too comphcated for treatment in this connection. POSTAL EEGtTLATIONS FOB THE PKOTECTION OF INMATES. The statutes of several states contain special regu- lations concerning the postal rights and privileges of inmates of the insane asylums. These regulations vary from rules that no censorship whatever may be exercised, as in Nebraska, to provisions that allow each patient to choose a correspondent with whom he may commimicate without any censorship of letters written or received by him, as in Arkansas. Other states provide that any inmate may correspond freely with any member of the controlling board of the insti- tution. In Washington the .superintendent of each of the state hospitals is required by law to inspect all letters of inmates, but must submit to the board of control any letters written by inmates that he does not cause to be mailed. Statutory provisions regard- ing the postal privileges of inmates of state insane hospitals exist in Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Illi- nois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire, North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin. In Georgia there are provisions which apply to inmates of private insane asylums only. THE CRIMINAL INSANE. The statutory provisions of the different states re- garding the treatment of the criminal insane are given in the following tables. Tables 10 to 13 show provi- sions relating to cases where the question of insanity comes up in regard to persons who have not been con- victed, or, if convicted, havenotbeensentenced, whereas Tables 14 and 15 show provisions regarding sentenced prisoners. The extent to which the method of treat- ment of the question of insanity in connection with criminal charges and the procedure in the case of sentenced prisoners who become insane are covered by statutory law varies greatly in the different states. PERSONS CHAKGED WITH CRIME. In Table 10 a summary is given cf the procedure when persons charged with crime, undergoing trial, or in confinement under other legal process, as well as persons convicted but not sentenced, appear insane, or plead insanity; except that provisions regarding the plea of insanity are given in Table 1 1 and those regard- ing the verdict and subsequent proceedings in the case of persons acquitted are summari::ed in Table 12. The methods of procedure when the plea of insanity is made at the beginning of a trial differ. In some states the trial is suspended until the question of insanity is determined, while in others the trial takes its regular course and the jury takes account of the plea of insanity in rendering its verdict. In Maine and New Hampshire, when the plea of insanity is made, the justice of the court before which the person is to be tried may order the accused com- mitted to the custody of the superintendent of a state hospital for observation. In New York, when the plea of insanity is raised, the court in which the indictment is pending, instead of proceeding with the trial of the indictment, may appoint a commission to examine and report to the court as to the person's sanity at the time of the com- mission of the crime; and if the commission finds tlie defendant insane, the trial must be suspended until he becomes sane. Provisions are made in most states for cases in which doubt as to the insanity of the defendant arises before or during the trial or after conviction. In such cases, if the defendant is found to be insane at that time, he is usually committed to a hospital to remain until his recovery, when the proceedings must be re- sumed. 88 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Tablf 10.— persons charged WITH CRIME, UNDERGOING TRIAL, CONVICTED BUT NOT SENTENCED, OR IN lABLE "'-^.J^fj^^gj^E^T UNDER OTHER LEGAL PROCESS, ^\1£0 APPEAR INSANE OR PLEAD INSANITY. iFor prooednre after acquittal of persons pleading insanity, see Table 12. For notes to this table, see pp. 92 and 93.} Class of persons. Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. Alabama Persons in confinement under indict- ment for felony whose SEinity is doubted by trial court. Persons in confinement under Indict- ment or for want of bail for good be- havior, for keeping the peace, or for ap- ipearing as a witness or in consequence of any summiiry conviction or by an orderofanyjustice, who appear insane. Defendants whose sanity is doubted when action is called for trial, during trial, or when they are brought up for judgment on conviction. Persons arraigned for felony whose £ ity is doubted by court. Persons under presentment or indict- ment on criminal charge who can not be tried because of insanity. Persons convicted of a criminal charge who allege insanity as causo against judgment. California Defendants whose sanity is doubti-d at anytlmedurlngpendency of action be- fore judgment IS pronounced. Colorado ' Persons becoming insan« after crime or I misdemeanor but before sentence. Cfmnecticut Persons committed to coimty jail on binding over process, bench warrant, or appeal who appear insane at time of commitment or at any later time before trial. Delaware Prisoners who become insane after con- viction of capital charge but before sen- tence. District of (V)lurabia. I Persons indicted or charged by an infor- mation for an o£Eense who before trial or after a verdict of guilty are alleged to be insane. Ceorgia.. Idaho. Persons pleading insanity at time of tri. J Persons insane at time of trial. Illinois. Defendants whose sanity is doubted when indictment is called for trial or when they are brought up for jud;:- ment nn conviotion. Persons who become Insane a(lf»r crime, but before sentence. Procedure upon recovery. Trial must be suspended until jury (impaneled, from regular jurors in attendance or from a special venire, according to discretion of court) inquires into insanity. If accused is found insane, he must be committed by court to an insane liospital. Jud^re of any court of record of county where person is con- fined must investigate, calling a physician and other credi- ble witnesses; he may call a jury if he deems it necessary. If person is found insane, judge may discharge him Irom imprisonment and order his removal to hospital. Court must order question as to sanity submitted to juir. and trial or pronouncing of judgment must be suspended until question is decided by its verdict. Trial jury may be dis- charged or retained according to discretion of court while issue ofinsanity is pending. Bothsidesare represented by counsel. Ifaccused is found insane,trial or judgment must be suspended and court must order that he be committed by sheriff to state insane asylum and that upon recoverj- he be redelivered to sheriff. Proceedings trust te postponed until jury has been impan- eled to inquire whether defendant is msane. If jiu"y so finds him, court must direct that he be kept in prison or conveyed by sheriU to State Hospital for Nervous Diseases, to remain In custody until his recovery. Upon presentation of certificate from judge before whom trial IS pending stating that ]ierson has been presented or in- dicted and by reason ofinsanity can not be tried, superin- tendent of .State Hospital for lNer\-ous Diseases must admit accused to hospital and beep him there until his recovery. Court , If of opinion l hat reasonable grounds exist for believ- ing person isiasane, mtist summon and impanel jiu-y of 12 qualified Jurors to determine question ofinsanity. If jury finds him insane, he must be kept in confinement in the cotmty jail or the insane asylum until sane. Court must order question as to sanit y submitted to jury , and trial or pronoiuicing of judgment must be suspended until question is determined by its verdict. Trialjury may be discharged or retained at discretion of court during pend- ency of action. Botli side^ are represented bycotinsel. If jury finds accused insane, trial or Judgment must be sus- pended until his recovery and court must order that he be committed to a state hospital for insane and that upon re- covery hpi be redelivered to sherifi". Court mustimpanel jury to determine whether accused Is in- sane at time of impaneling. Notice must be given to dis- trict attorney or other otTicer charged by law to prosecute offense. Persons charged with committing a high crime or misdemeanor are designated by law as patients to be con- fined in t he criminal ward of the state Insane asylum. Sheriff of county in which jail is located may make applies- lion to a judge of superior court, who after hearirg upon such application (previous notice having been given to slate's attorney I may at his discretion appoint 3 reputable physicians to examine person committed. If physicians find person insane, sheriff must, upon order of the judge, transfer him to a state hospital for insane for confinement and treatment until time of trial. Court may appoint a commission comprising at least 2 prac- ticing physicians to report on raentalcondition of prisoner. If found insane, he must be remanded to custody of sheriff unt il f urt her order of court . When before trial or after a verdict of guilty primafacieevi- dence is submitted to court that accused is then insane, court may cause jury to be Impaneled from jurors then In attendance on court, or if regular jurors have been dis- chaiged, may cause jury to be drawn to inquire into insan- ity of accused in its presence and under its direction. If jury finds accused insane, court may certify fact to Secre- tary of the Interior, who may order person confined in Gov- ernment Hospital forthe Insane. Person whose sanity is in question is entitled to his bill of exceptions and anappeal as In other cases. Court must cause Issue on plea of insanity to be first tried by a si^ecial jury and. if that is found to he'trae, must order de- fendant delivered to superintendent of State Sanitarium, to remain until legally discharged. Court must cause issue of insanity to be tried by Jury and, if defendant is found insane, must order him delivered to su- perintendent of State Sanitarium, to remain until legally discharged. Court must order question of insanity submitted to a jury.' and trial or pronouncing of judgment must be suspended until determination of question. Both sides must he rep- resented by counsel. If jury finds person insane, trial or iudgmentmnstbesuspende*^ until hisrecovery. If person has i^een convicted, he must be committed to state Insane asylum, or if his discharge is deemed dangerous by court he may be so committed. In order of commitment to asylum court must direct that person be redelivered to sheriff upon recovery. Court must impanel jury to determinewhether accused is in- saneat timeof impaneling. ane insane before or during trial. Court, upon certification of insanity of accused, must asuer- tain whether insanity continues, and if it does, must order him sent to State .\8ylum at Ionia (now Ionia State Hospital). Judge of circuit court of coimty where accused is confined must in-stitute invest ication, calling 2 or more physi- cians and other credible witnesses and the prosecuting attorney to aid in examination. Jury may be called, if deemcfl necessary. If it is proved tliat porson is insane, judge may order" him removed to State Asylum at Ionia (now Ionia State Hospital), to remain until his recovery. Court in which indictment or information is filed must order commitment to proper stato hospital: if person is found to have homicidal tendencies court must order his commitment to state asylum for dangerous insane (con- i nnct^d with St. Poter State Ilospitjin. When x>crson removed to a state hospital is, in opinion of trustees and supcrin- tondont of hospital, rf'stored to sanity, he must be immediately returned to jail or custody from which he was removed, where he must be held in accordance with terms of process by which he was originally committed or confined. When person transferred to State Asylum at Ionia recovers, if judge of circuit court so directed, superintendent of asylum must inform such judge and prosecuting attorney of recovery of accused, so thai he may within (iO days be rAnanded to prison and criminal proceedings may he resumed or he may be otherwise dis- charged. Patient must be returned to coiut from which he was received. 90 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 10.— PERSONS CHARGED "WITH CRIME, UNDERGOING TRIAL, CONVICTED BUT NOT SENTENCED OR IN CONFINEMENT UNDER OTHER LEGAL PROCESS. WHO APPEAR INSANE OR PLEAD INSANITY— Contd. (For procedure after acquittal of persons pleading insanity, see Table 12. For notes to this table, see pp. 92 and 93.] STATE. Class of persons. Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. Procedure upon recovery. Mississippi Missouri... Montana. . Nebraska. . Nevada.... New Hampshire New Jersey. New Mexico. New York.. North Carolina. NOTtb Dakota. Ohio.. Persona found during trial to have been insane at time of crime and to bo still insane. Persona indicted for crime who become, in opinion of court, insane before trial Defendants whose sanity is doubted when action is called for trial, during trial, or when they are brought up for judgment on conviction. Persona becoming insane after ofTense but before sentence. Persons whose sanity is doubted when action is called for trial or when they are brought up for judgment on con- viction. Persons indicted for any offense or com- mitted to jail on any criminal charge to await action of grand jury, who plead insanity. Persons in confinement under commit- ment, indictment, or any other than civil process who e ppear insane." Persons indicted for any offense who are found insane. Persons in confinement under indict- ment or any other than civil process, who appear insane.** Persons In confinement under indict- ment who plead insanity. Persons accused of crime found by court to be without sufBoient mental capac- ity to undertai^e their defense or to receive sentence after conviction. Defendants whose sanity is doubted when criminal action is called for trial , durirg trial, or when they are brought up for judgment on conviction. Persons indicted for an offense who before sentence are alleged to be insane.^^ Conservator of peace must remand prisoner to custody and notify chancellor or clerk of chancery court, who must proceed as with other insane persons. Court must suspend proceedings against person and order question of insanity submitted to a jury. Prosecuting attorney and alleged insane person must be notified. If person ia found insane, court must commit him to the insane asylum. Court must suspend proceedings against person and order question of insanity submitted to a jury. Trial jury may be discharged or retained during pendency of issue of insanity. If person is found insane, court must commit him to an asylum. Proceedings raust bo suspended and court must impanel jury to determine question of insanity of person at time of mipaneling. Court must suspend criminal proceedings against person and order question of insanity submitted either to the regular jury or to a jury specially impaneled for the pur- pose. If person is found insane, court, if it deems his dis- charge dangerous to public peace or safety, may order sheriff to commit him to custody of some proper person." If plea of insanity is made in court or any justice of court be- fore which accused is to be tried is notified that such plea will be made, justice may order person committed to cus- tody ofsuperintendentofstateinsaneasylum to bedetained until further order of court, that truth or falsity of plea may be ascertained. >2 Justice of supreme court presiding in courts of county In which person is confined, or a judge of circuit court, or judge of court of common pleas of the county may inquire into sanity of person, as in the case of persons detained in institutions for insane. II he is found Insane, justice or judge must order him confined in a state or county institution for insane.'* If upon arraignment accused i3 found insane by a jury law- fully impaneled for the purpose or is so found at trial by jury charged with indictment, court may order him kept in strict custody in place specified by court while insanity continues. County judge' of county where person is confined must in- stitute an investigation, calling 2 legally qualified exam- iners in lunacy and other witnesses and inviting district attorney to aid in examination, ani if he deems it neces- sary, calling a jury. If prisoner is found insane, judge must order his removal to a state asylum. In case of persons in confinement under indictment, court before which indictment is pending may at any time before or after conviction appoint commission of not more than 3 disinterested persons to examine accused and report to court as to his sanity at time of examination. If pris- oner is found insane by commission and court deems his discharc^e dangerous to public peace and safety, court must order that he be committed to a state asylum and that upon his recovery he be redelivered to sheriff. When defendant at time of arraignment pleads insanity as a specification under plea of not guilty, court in which indictment is pendiuEtj instead of proceeding with trial of indictment, may appoint commission of not more than 3 disinterested persons to examine him and report to court as to his sanity at time of commission of crime. Com- misuon must be attended by district attomev of county and may call and examine witne3:^e3. Defendfant'sioun- sel may take part in pro'^eedin'^s. If commission finds defendant insane, trial must be suspended until he be- comes sane, and court, if it deems his discharge dangerous to public peace or safety, must order that he be committed by sheriff to a state insane asylum and that upon recovery he be redelivered by suoerintendent to sheriff. Trial court must detain person i n custody pending an inqui- sition into his sanity and must notify person of date of inquisition. Judge must cause witnesses to be summoned, and If upon inquisition judge finds person dangerous to himself or others he must commit him to hospital for dan- gerous insane. Court must suspend proceedings against person and order question of insanity submitted to a jury. lYial jury may be discharged or retained during pendency of issue of insan- ity. If person is found insane, court must order sheriff to commit him to the state hospital for insane. Court in which indictment is pending, when notified by attorney of accused person and presented with physician's certificate as to person's insanity, must order jury impan- eled totry question of person's insanity attimeof "impanel- ing. If person is found insane by three-fourths of jury, clerk of probate court must be notified, and accused must be dealt with as after an inquest. (See preceding column. ) Patient must be returned to county from which he came, and proceedings against him resumed. Superintendent of asylum must noti^ sheriff" and county attorney. Sheriff must remove patient from asylum, and proceedings against him must be resumed. Sheriff and district attorney of the county must be notified and sheriff must place person in proper custody until he is brought to trial or Judgment or is legally disctiarged. (IS) Chief officer of institution where person is confined must notify justice or judge that committed him to institution for insane, who must order hini remanded to place In which he was originally confined, to be dealt with according to law. (See preceding column.) If person was sent to asylum, superin- tendent of asylum must notify judge and district attorney of his recovery so that patient may within 60 days be remanded to prison to be dealt with according to law. (Seealso preceding column.) If accused was received in insane asylimi, superintendent of asylum must notify judge of supreme court of district in which asylum is situated as to his recov- ery Judge must require sheriff to bring defendant from asylum and place him In proper custody until he is brought to trial or is legally discharged. If person was sent to hospital for dangerous insane, authoritiesof hospital mustreport recovery to sheriff of county from which patient came, who must order that he ap- pear before judge of superior court oftfie district to be dealt with according to law. When person against whom an indict- ment is pending recovers. superintendent must notify clerk of courtof county from which patient was sent, who must place case against him upon docket of superior or criminal court of his county for trial: and patient may not be dischiirgel with- out an order from such court. No per- son convicted of a crime upon whom judgment was suspended by judge on account of insanity may be discharged from hospital except upon order of the judge of the district or of the judge hold- ing the court of the district in which ho was tried. Superintendent of hospital must notify sheriff and state's attorney of the county. Sheriff must remove patient from hospi- tal and proceedings against him must be resumed. Accused may bo prosecuted for on offense committed by him prior to his insanity; if he had been convicted and was awaiting sentence at time of insanity proceedings he may be sentenced. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 91 Table 10.— PERSONS CHARGED WITH CRIME, UNDERGOING TRIAL, CONVICTED BUT NOT SENTENCED, OR IN CONFINEMENT UNDER OTHER LEGAL PROCESS, WHO APPEAR INSANE OR PLEAD INSANITY— Contd. [For procedure after acqaittal of persooi pleadin; Insaalty, see Table 12. For notes to thla table, see pp. 92 and 93.1 Class of persons. Procsedure when indications of insanity are noted. Procedure upon recovery. Ohio— Continued. Oklahoma'' Pennsylvania >B. Rhode Island >9. Texas. Utah. Vermont. Virginia". Persons confined in jail charged with an offense, but not yet indicted, who are alleged to have been insane at time offense was committed or to have since become insane. Defendants whose sanity is doubted when indictment or information is called for trial or when upon convic- tion they are brought up forjudgment. Persons indicted for an offense who are lound insane upon arraignment Persons found insane during trial. Soatb Carolina South Dakota. Persons committed to a county jail or other prison by a committing magis- trate on criminal charge less than felony who are found insane. Persons awaiting trial or imprisoned in any county who are reported to be insane- Persons charged with crime found in- sane upon trial before a judge of the circuit court. Defendants whose sanity Is doubted wben indictment or information is called for trial or when upon convic- tion they are brought up forjudgment. Persons arraigned for criminal offense punishable by imprisonment in peni- tentiary or death , in whose behalf plea of present insanity is urged Persons Indicted for a criminal offense and iield by coiui. to be insane. Persons pleading guilty to crime who are believed by jwy to be insana Persons convicted who are believed by court to be insane. Persons becoming Insane during trial or wnen brougnt up lor sentence. Persons indicted for criminal offense or committed to jail on a criminal charge by a justice, municipal, or city court, who ^jlead insanity. Persons under arrest charged with an offense punishable by death or im- prisonment in state prison or house of correction, who appear insane. Persons held for trial whoso sanity is doubted by court at time of trial Persom convicted but not sentenced, wnose sanity u doubted by couru Sheriff or jailer mu^t notify judge, clerk of court, and prose- cuting attorney of proper county, and an examining court must be held; and if judge linds that person was insane when hecommittedoffeuseand still is insane, or afterwards became and still is Insane, he may proceed as required by law after an inquest. Court must suspend proceedings against person and order jury impaneled to inquire into person's insanity. If person is found insane, court, if it deems his discharge dan- gerous to pubhc peace or safety, may order him committed tocareof suerih. Jiuy must be impaneled to inquire into supposed insanity; and if person is lound insane, court may order him kept in strict custody, in place and manner deemed advisable by court, so long as his insanity continues. If person appearsinsane to jury, trial court must direct such finding recorded, and may order person kept in strict custody in place and manner deemed advisable by court, so long as his insanity continues. If upon examination of prisoner by at least 2 physicians he is found insane, county commissioners must, with approval ofcourt of quarter sessions of the county oroneofthejudgej of that court , remove prisoner to proper hospital for insane. ^Vny justice of the supreme court on petition of the agent of state charities and corrections, or of oillcer having custody of person in question, may make such examination of person as he deems proper and, if he finds him insane, may order his removal to the state asylum for insane if he can be received there, and if not, to Butler Hospital. Judge before whom trial is held may send person to state hospital for insane. Coin"t must suspend proceedings against person and order jury impaneled to inquire into person's sanity. If person is found insane, court, if it deems his discharge dangerous to public peace or safety, may order him committed to care of sheriff. If in case of person not previously known or believed to be insane plea of present insanity is urged, court must charge jury to determine from evidence question of insanity. Upon a finding of insanity, unless oUense charged was felonious assault or a misdemeanor, court is required to cause person to be committed to hospital for insane. Court, If satisfied that person is insane and has been so for four successive terms, may discharge him upon recognizance of sufficient sureties lor his appearance at next succeeding term. Court may renew recognizance Irom term to term as long as defendant continues insane. If jury believes person pleading guilty is insane, it must so re- port to court and issue as to that fact must be tried be- fore another jury, if upon such trial defendant is found insane, proceedings are the same as in the case of persons found insane after conviction. (See belo%v). If court has good reason to believe defendant insane, a jury must be impaneled to try the issue. If person is found in- sane, court must commit him to '"ustody of sheriff, and proceedings must immediat-ly be certified to county judge, who must arrange for his detention in insane asylum. Upon complaint under oath court may submit question of person's msanity toa jury and criminal proceedings against him must be suspended, il person is fuund insane, judge, if court deems bis freedom a menace to public quietude, must order sheriff to commit him to btate Mental Hospital. Presiding judge of the county court before vrhom accused is to be tried, if plea of insanity is made, or if satisfied that such plea will be made, may order person into care of super- intendent of state hospital for insane to bo detained until further order of judge or court, so that truth or falsity of plea may be ascertained. Governor, if he believes person is insane and in need of treat- ment, may direct olticer having person in charge to remove him to state hospital for insane pending proceedings upon the charge. Court mast suspend trial until a jury impaneled for the pur- jiose inquires into supposed insanity. If jury finds person insane at lime of verdict it must further decide whether or not person was insane at time of allei^ed oilense. If person is found to have been insane at that time, court may dis- miss prosecution and either discharge him or order him committed to an insane asylum. If jury finds he was not insane at that time, court must commit him to jail or order him confined in an insane asyliuu until he recovers so that ho can be tried. Court may impanel jury to inquire into insanity, and, if person is found insane, must commit him to jail or to an msane asylum. Superintendent having person in charge must notify prosecuting attorney of proper county. Unless the prosecuting attorney causes a capias to be issued, superintendent must discharge patient. Sheriff must place person in proper custody until he is brought to trial or judgment or is legally discharged (See preceding column.) (See preceding column.) Any justice of stipreme court may remand patient toplace of original conlinement to await trial for offense for which he stands committed. Sheriff must place person in proper custody until he is brought to trial or judgment, as case may be, or is legally discharged. If accu-sed was committed to hospital, trus- tees and physician of hospital must cause patient to be delivered to jailer of David- son County and immediately notify clerk of county in which patient wa*? arraigned. At next term of court district attorney may resume proceedings against person; otherwise he must be discharged. (See preceding column.) When court in which defendant was con- victed is notified of his recovery by cer- tificate of superintendent of asylum or by alfidavit of any credible person, iif defendant is not confined m Insane asylum, judge or court must order de- lendant brought before court, and jury must be impaneled to try issue of sanity, if he is found sane, conviction may be enforced against liim. If person was committed to hospital, super- mtendent of hospital must notify sheriff of county Irom which patient was sent, who must place him in proper custody until he is brought to trial or judgment. If person was committed to hospital, super- mtendent of hospital must notify clerk of court by whose order patient was con- fined, and clerk ma-^t cause patient to be returned to jail. When prisoner is so brought from insane asylum and com- mitted to jail or when it is found by ver- dict of another jury that a prisoner whose trial has been suspended has been re- stored to sanity, the court must proceed to try bim. II person was committed to hospital, super- mtendent of hospital must notify clerk of court by whose order patient was con- fined, and clerk must cause patient to be returned to jail. When prisoner is so brought from insane asylum and com- mitte J to jail, or when it is lound by ver- dict of another jury that a prisoner whose sentence was suspended has been re- stored to sanity, court must pronoimce sentence. 92 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 10,— PERSONS CHARGED WITH CRIME, UNDERGOING TRIAL, CONVICTED BUT NOT SENTENCED, OR IN CONFINEMENT UNDER OTHER LEGAL PROCESS, WHO APPEAR INSANE OR PLEAD INSANITY—Contd. (For procedure after acquittal of persons pleading insanity, see Table 12.] Class of persons. Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. Procedure npon recovery. Washington. W€6t Virginia. Wisconsin. Wyoming. Persons arraigned for an indictable of- fense who are foimd to be insane. Persons convicted of crime vho in judg- ment of court were insane at lime of at:t charged or at time of conviction or sentence. Persons indicted for criminal offense whose sanity is doubted by court at time of trial* Persons convicted but not sentenced whose sanitv is doubted bv court. Persons indicted or informed against for any ofifense who are all*^ed to he in- Persons under charge of or convicted be- fore court of record for crime punish- able by imprisonment in state prison, who are awaiting hearing, trial, con- viction, or sentence on account of al- leged insanity at time of crime or later. Persons continerfl awaiting trial who are insane. Superior court, if person is found by the jury to be insane at time of arraignment, may commit him to hospital for in- sane. Court trying ca.se may direi-t that person be confined for treatment in a state h(.>s[)itdl for insane or in the insane ward of state penilentiiiry until his recovery. In deter- mining insanity of any such person court may take coimsel with one or more experts in the diagnosis and treatment of insanity. Coiu-t must suspend trial until a jury impaneled for the piu- pose inquires into supposed insanity. If jury finds person insane at time of verdict, it must further decide whether or not person was insane at time of alleged olTense. If per- son is found to have been insane at that time, court may dismiss prosecution and either discharge him or order him committed to a hospital for insane. If jury finds he was not so at that time, court must commit him'to jail or order him confined in a hospital for insane imtil he recovers so that he can be tried. Court must impanfl jury to inquire into insanity, and if person Is found insane, must commit him to jail or to hos- pital for insane. If informed that there is a probability that accused is insane at time of trial, court must, in a summary manner, make inquisition by a jury or otherwise, and if person is found insane, trial must be suspended and accused confined in a state hospital for insane. ^i If it is determined by proper authorities of hospital that accused is incurable, he must not be retained in hospital to the exclusion of more hopeful cases; but no such person who is luider charge or convic- tion of a crime punishable by imprisonment in state prison and was committed to hospital by order of court of record having jurisdiction of case, may be removed except upon order of such court. Any court of record having jurisdiction of accused may com- mit him to a state hospital for insane for safe-keeping and treatment. Anyone having pt-rsou in charge must, and any citiien of the state may, make complaint, and question of insanity must be inquired into by a jury in accordance with pro- cedure prescribed for oilier cases. If found insane, person must be taken to such place for treatment as is provided orprescribed byState Board of Charitie? and Reform either generally or for that particular case. (See preceding column. j If person was committed to hospital, super- intendent of hospital must notify clerk of court by whose order patient was cim- fined, and clerk must cause patient to be returned to jail. When prisoner is so brought from hospital and committed to jail, or when it is found by verdict of another jury that a prisoner whoso trial has been suspended has been restored to sanity, court must proceed (o try him. If person was committed to haspltal, su- perintendent of hospital must notify clerk of court bv whose order pat lent was confined, and clerk miist cause patient to be returned to jail. When prisoner is so brought from insane asylum and com- mitted to jail, or when it is found by verdict of another jury that a prisoner whose sentence was suspended has been restored to sanity, court must pronounce sentence. Superintendent of hospital must notify sheriiT of county in which proceedings are pendine, who must commit patient to county jail or have him held on bail. (See procedure in case of persons indicted or informed against for any offense.) Patient mu.st be returned to place of con- finement from which he was sent and tried there. NOTES TO TABLE 10. ' In case of person lirought up for judgment on conviction, court must order a Jury to be summoned from the li^t of jurors selected l)y the coimty commissioners for the year. 3 A law approved Mar. 15, 1913, contauied provisions as follows: "If at any tune before trial of any criminal cause or during trial and before submL5sion of cause to court or jury trying it. court has reasonable ground for lielieving defendant insane, he must fix a time for hearing question of insanity and must appoint 2 physicians to examine defendant and testify concerning question at hearing. Other evidence may be introduced at hearing. If court finds defendant unable to understand proceedings and make his defense, he must order defthdant, if a male, committed to Indiana Hospital for Insane Criminals, or, if a female, to any hospital of state where female insane arc confined. If court finds otherwise, trial must not be delayed or continued on gromid of alleged insanity."' The procedure upon recovery is practically the same as that stated in the last column of this table as applying t« persons convicted but not sentenced, except that upon release defendant must be placed on trial for charges. 3 The code of Iowa aU'o contains the following provisions, which, however, have been held by supreme court to be invalid so far as they purport to jrive the commissioners of insanity authority to determine the question of the insanity of a prisoner uu'ler arrest on an indictment: On a written aj^lication made by any citizen stating that a person confined in any prison within the county who is charged with a crime but not convicted of it nor on trial for it is insane, the commissioners of insanity must cause prisoner to be brought Kefore them, and if they find him insane, must direct his removal to one of the hospitals for insane. Upon patient's recovery, superintendent mustdirectsherifllofcounty from whichpersonwasreceived to return him to the jail of that county to answer charge against him. * In 1911 the following provisions were enacted relating to persons under indictment or information before or during trial and before verdict is rendered: Procidure u-hm indications of insanity are nuied. — If person is foimd insane by court in which indictment or information is filed or by a commission or another jury impaneled to try question, comt must commit him to State AsyUnn for Dangerous Insane to be kept until recovery. Procedure v'pon recoreri/. — Person must l-e returned to court from which he was ret-eived to l-e placed on trial upon indictment or information. 6 Acji-ording to a provision contained in the chaj^ter on insane hospitals in the General Statutes of 1W9, no patient who is charged with crime may be discharged until at least in days after notice has been given to probate judge of county having jurisdiction of case. • Provisions are contained in a chapter relating to an'aignnifut and pleadings and do not apply in cases where accused has been convicted and sentenced. ' Accordmg to provisions relating to the state hospital at Jackson, physician of hospital must examine persons committed by authority of district or parish judge, and, if in his opinion person is only feigning insanity, being charged with felonious crime, he must rejjort to board of administrators, which, after investigation, must decide whether person should be admitted to hospital or confined in parish jail. If such person feigning insanity who has been previously committed to prison for a crime is sent to parish jail, proper authority of his parish of residence must be notified. These provisions apply also "to persons charged with crime who recover while in hospital. If person feigning insanity is confined in parish jail, hemust subsequently be removed to parish of residence. Similar provisions are contained in a law providing for the hospital later established at Plneville, except that this law does not provide for commitment by the parish jud^e. These were the only statutory provisions prior to an act approved July 1, 1910. providmg for a ward for criminal insane in the East Ixtuisiana Hospital for the Insane at Jackson. This act contains provisions subslantiallv as follows: ■ u i. • Procedure when indications of iiuanivt are no/fd.^— If person charged with crime bv affidavit, information, or indictment is found to be insane in court in which he js so charged, before trial or after trial and conviction, court must order him committed to' ward for criminal insane in East I^ouisiana Hospital for Insane, to be held there until lie becomes sane. Procedure upon recovery.— -^^ person committed as noted above is, in opinion of superintendent, not insane or when suchpersonhascompletelyrecovered, hemust, upon certificate of commission composed of super mtendents of the 2 state hospitals (and in case of their disagreement a physician appointed by judge of district court from which person was committed) be sent back to jail or custody from which removed, to be held for trial or sentence. Whennny person confined in ward for criminal insane who was not acquitted of crime with which charged re<-overs his sanity, superintendent of hosjntal must notify clerk of district court of parish in whic-h crime was committed ; and upon order of judge of such court accused person must be given into custody of sheriff of such parish for return to parish for trial. Where a person has been committed to a state hospital for insane who ]»ecamo insane after conviction for a crime punishable by imprisomnent in state penitentiary or by death, he must upon recovery be delivered by superintendent of hospital to sheriff of parish where he was convicted in order tfiat judgment and sentence of court may be executed. WTien any person charged with a felony necessarily punishalde in state penitentiary or by death has been adiudtred insane 1 efore or after trial or conviction and committed to a state hospital for insane, such person must not be discharged from hosjutal or delivered into custodyof proper sheriff until superintendents of the 2 state hospitals for msane (and m case of their disagreement a physician appointed by judge of district court from which person was committed) are satisfied that person has completely recovered and maybe discharged without danger to others and have certified to his recoverv. . , . ., ,. , 8 According to a law of 1911 the superintendent of the Augusta Sfate Hospital and the Hospital Trustees (see Table 1 ) may transfer patients committed to buildmg for criminal insane to any other buildine for insane at the .\uensta hospital when they deem it necessary, and safety of other patients permits. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 93 NOTES TO TABLE 10— Coutinued. •If person has property the rent or profit of wbich is adequate for hissupport in a hospital, courtor judge must appoiut a trustee, requiring hitu to give bond for support of insane person in some hospital until his recovery, and for faithful management of the estate. »o No specific provision. If in judgment of I^unacy Commission any person confined in any institution as insane is not insane, it may at any time notify state's attorney of any county or of Baltimore City, who must apply to proper tribunal for a writ of habeas corpus and if court believes person is not insane, he must be discharged. n According to a law which appears (or the first lime in the Revised Laws of Nevada, 1912, the procedure isnowsubstantially as follows: Court must suspend criminal proceedings against person and order quest ion of insanity subruitLed to a jury specially impaneled for Ihe purpose. If person is found insane, court, if it deems his freedom a menace to public quietude, must order sherifi^ to commit him to the Hospital for Mental Diseases. >i According to an amendment of IMll, accused person must be detained by superintendent until furt her order of court or until ordered discharged from hospital by its trustees upon report by superintendent that person is nut insane; and when person is thus discharged superintendent must notify county solicitor of county from which />erson was sent to hospital, who must cause person to be removed. By provision of 1913 board of truslfes was superseded by the Board of Control. '3 The provisions summarize*! are from a law of 1906. The Compiled Statutes of 1910 also contain provisions from a law of ls9;j which are substantially as follows: If a person in confinement under indictment or under any other than civU process appears to be insane, judge of circuit court of county where he is confined must institute an inquiry, calling a physician and oiher witnesses and inviting prosecutor of pleas to aid inexammationand, if he (leeras it necessary, calling a jury. If person is found insane, judge may dBcharge him from imprl'-onment and order his removal to one of the state hospitals to remain until restored to sanity, when, if judge so directed, medical director of liospital must inform the judge, county clerk, and prosecutor of pleas of his recovery. The person must then be remanded to prison and criminal proceedings must be resumed or he must otherwise be discharged. An act passed in 1913 embodying the provisions shown in the table contained a clause repealnig all acts or parts of acts which were inconsistent with the new act. By this act the mode of inquiry as to the insanity of persons detained in institutions for the insane was changed. (See Table 5, note 25.) >* According to a law of Apr. 27, 19U, proViding for a house of detention at the New Jersey State Hos-pital at Trenton, after its completion all commitmentsof convict or criminal insane must be made to that institution. '* The provisions shown in the table were amended in 1910 so as to be substantially as follows: Procedure when indkatiom of iii-^anity are iiuted.—hi the case of all persons of the class specified who arc rontlned outside city of New York, and of all such persons confined within city of New York for whose otlen.se maximum fine exceeds SJOO or term of imprisomnent exceeds 1 year, a judge of a court of record of the city or county or a justice of the supreme court of the Judicial district in which alleged insane person is confined must institute an investigation, calling 2 legally qualified examiners in lunacy and other witnesses, inviting district attorney to aid In the examination, and, if he deems it necessary, calling a jury. If prisoner isfound insane Judge must order his removal to a state institution for insane. In New York City persons confined fur an olTense for which maximum fine does not exceed $oOO or term of imprisonment does not exceed 1 year, must be comraittad to care of commissioner of public charities or to trustees of Belle\-ue Hospital pending determination of question of sanity. Procedure upon recovery. — Superinlcndent of institution where person is confined must notify jufigc and district attorney, so that patient may be returned to authority by which he was originally held in confinement and proceedings against him may bo resumed. Any inmate of Mattea wan State Hospital not a convict, held upon an order of a court or judge in a criminal proceeding, may be discharged upon superintendent's certificate of recovery made to and approved by such court or judge. i«The General Code of 1910 contains provisions substantially as follows, which are to be in force when the Lima State Hospital is ready for occupancy. If a grand jury upon investigation of a person accused of crime finds him insane, it must report such lintiing to court of common pleas, which must order jury impaneled to try (piestion of person's insiinity at time of impaneling. If person is found insane, he must be sent to Lima State Hospital. »lien indications of insanity are noted Id the case of persons under indictment i^roceedings must be the same a'^ for persons not indicted because of insanity. 1' The Revised Laws of 1910, published under authority of an act approved Mar. 15, 1911, also contains a provision according to which a defendant in any criminal prosecution may have it contended in his behalf that he is insane at time of trial. In such cases court must submit to jury a proper form of verdict, and if jur>' finds defendant not guilty on account of such uisanity , it must so stale, whereupon court must order defendant committed to state hospital for insane or other state institution for care and treatment of such cases, until the sanity of defendant is judicially determined and he is discharged according to law. i» The provLsions relating to the renns;rlvania State Lunatic Hospital and the Western Pennsylvania Hospital (the insane department of which is now called Dlxmont Hospital) contain sections authorizing removal of certain classes of persons from hospital to prison of proper county or penitentiary from which they were sent, provided that aft€r an inquiry by the controlling board (or in the ease of Dixmont Hospital, a quorum of such board), with the aid of principal physician, the majority of such board or quonim, including the physician, are satisfied that there are no reasonable prospects of his recovery in the hospital. The classes to which the soctlonsspeciflcally apply are: Persons acquitted on ground of insanity; indicted persons who upon arraignment or during trial were found insane; persons charged with crime wiio were found insane when brought before court to be discharged for want of prosecution; and persons who were removed to hospital from penitentiary or prison. '" According to a law approved Aug. is, 1910, amending the sections of the General Laws summarized in the table, the Board of State Charities and Corrections is authorized to establish an insane ward at the state prison, and persons acquitted of criminal charge on ground of insanity and persons found insane while awaiting tri:il or imprisoned after con\iction of any crime are to be committed to this ward or to state hospital for insane. This law also amends the provisions for the transfer of persons from prison or Jail t« institutions for iiLsane by substituting "presiding justice of the superior court, or in his absence any justice of the superior court" for "justice of the supreme court." 20 See also Table 13. Ac^^ording to a law approved Mar. 17, 1910, if any person charged with or indicted for any crime is found insane at time of trial, court must order him comraitlofl to the department for criminal iasane at the proper hospital, to be kept until he becomes sane. If prior to the time for trial of any person under complaint or indictment for any crime, either the court or the attorney for the commonwealth has reason to believe that such person is in such mental condition that his confinement in a hospital for insane is necessary for proper care and observation, court may commit him to department for criminal insane under such limitations as it may order, pending detemiination of his men{:d condition, and in such case court may appoint 1 or more experts in insanity, or other qualified physicians, not to exceed 3, to examine defendant before commitment is ordered. If any such person is in opinion of superintendent not insane, or when such person, if insane, has been restored to sanity, he must be brought back immediately to jail or custody from which he was removed, (o be dealt with according to law. •1 According to law now in force, commitment in such cases must be made to hospitiil for criminal insane. This institution, which according to an act approved July 6, 1911, was to he a component part of Wisconsin State Prison, was created a separate institution by an act approved May 27, 1913. Provisions as to the plea of insanity in criminal cases are summarized in the following table: Table 11,— PROVISIONS CONCERNING PLEA OF INSANITY IN CRIMINAL CASES. Provisions concerning plea of insanity. Alabama.. Indiana... Nebraska . When defense of insanity is set up in a criminal prosecution, it must be by speciarplea, in substance "Not guilty by reason of insanity," interposed at time of arraignment and entered of rei^ord upon docket of court. Such plea does not preclude plea of general issue, which must not put in issue question of irresponsibility of accused, by reason of alleged insanity, this question' being triablo only under special plea. When defendant desires to plead that he was insane at time of crime, he or his counsel must set up such a defense special- ly in writing and prosecuting attorney may reply by a general denial in WTitmg. riea of not guilty by reason of insanity or mental derange- ment may be made ; defense of insanity may be raised under general plea of not guilty. Provisions concerning plea of insanity. New Hampshire. New York Washington > Wisconsin * Plea of not guilty by reason of insanity or menta 1 derangement may be :iccepted" by state's counsel or may be found true by verdict of jury. ' Person in confinement under indictment may oiTer plea of insanity upon arraignment, as a specification under plea of not guilty. Plea of insanity at time of crime, asserting whether or not insanity continues, must be filed as an additional plea at time of pleading not guilty, or may be interposed subse- quently before cause is submitted to jury, if it is proved that insanity of defendant was not before 'known to person authorized to interpose plea. Plea of insanity at time of crime must be first tried as special issue. If jury disagrees upon trial of special issue, question of insanity involved in such issue must be tried and de- termined by jury with plea of not guilty. » The provision summarized is contained in the law of 1907 refen-ed to in Table 12, note 18. 2 The provision summarized has been amendeilsoasto prescril>3 that plea of insanity at time of crime be tried and determined as a special issue with plea of not guilty. PERSONS ACQUITTED. In Table 12 the provisions ivgarding the verdict and subsequent procedure in the case of persons ac- quitted of crinunal charges on the ground of insanity are summarized. When sucli ])ors(>ns are sent to a hospital, they are, of com*se, held there as insane instead of as criminals and, unless specific provisions as to their discharge aj)pear in the laws, they are sub- ject to the same conditions in this respect and with respect to habeas corpus pro<»oedings as other insane pei-sons. The only provisions for discharge noted in Table 12 are those which specifically relate to acquitted pei^sons. In Massachusetts special procedm*e is prescribed in the case of persons acquitted of murder and man- slaughter, and in Indiana and Michigan in the case of persons acquitted of felonies. It will be noted that in Georgia and North Carolina ])ersons acquitted of capital crimes may not be dis- charged except by act of the legislature. 94 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 12.— PERSONS ACQUITTED OF CRIMINAL CHARGE ON GROUND OF INSANITY. [For notes to this table, see p. 96-1 Verdict. Trocedureiipon acquittal. Alabama., Arizona . . , Arkansas.. California. Colorado I... Connecticut. If it appears that defendant did act charged, but was insane at that time, verdict mu.st be "not guilty by reason of insanity." Not guilty by reason olinsamty Ground of acquittal must be stated. Not guilty by reason of insanity Court must ascertain whether insanity continuej and if it does must order acquitted person sent to hospital. Court may order jury summoned from ury list o' county to inquire whether insanity continues and may cause witnesses to be summoned and direct district attorney (since 1912 county attorney) to conduct proceedings. Counsel may appear for defenfi- ant. Court may direct sherilf to take defendant and retain him m custody until question of continuing insanity is determined. Jf defendant is lonnd insane by jury, he must be committed by sherilf to state insane asylum; if lound sane, he must be discharged. Upon presentation of certificate from judge stating that person has been acquitted upon plea of insanity superintendent of btate Hospital for Nervous Diseases must admit person to hospital and i.eep him there until hjj recovery. Court may order jury summoned from jury list of county to inquire whether insanity continues and may cause wimesses to be summoned and direct district attorney to conduct proceedings. Counsel may appear .or defendant. Court may direct sheriff to tat.e deiendant and retain him m custody until question of continuing insanity is determined, li deiendant is lound insane by jury, he must be committed by sheriff lo scale insane asylum; if found sane, he must be discharged. Delaware. District of Columbia. Florida. Georgia* Idaho . . . niJDois. Indiana^. Iowa Kansas 6.. Kentucky. , Louisiana. Uaine., Maryland i Uassachusetts. . If defense of insanity i*? established to satisfac- tion of jurv and fact charged is proved, verdict must bo ''not guilty by reason of insanity." Ground of acquittal must be stated . . Ground of acquittal must be stated. Not guilty by reason of insanity., If it appears from evidence that act was com- mitted as charged and accused was insane, groimd of acquittal and finding as to recovery must be stated. Fact of Insanity must be found by jury or by court if trial is by court. If defendant is ac- cused of felony, fUiding must be made both as to insanity at time of act charged and as to whether he committed act. Ground of acquittal must be stated. . Ground of acquittal must be stated. . When jury, upon general issue of not guilty, acquits person on account of insanity, ground of acquittal must be stated. Ground of acquittal must be stated Court may commit acquitted person to a state hospital lor insane for a specified term, unless some person gives bond to confme him ,n manner court directs. If acquitted p'Tson has estate, court must appoint overseeer for such person. After confine- ment in state hospitalj acquitted person or officers of institution may petition superior court of county m which person Ls confined for his relea.:;e. Petition must bo servedupon various specified persons, includin^stale'sattorney of county where trial was held, touch state's attorney must appear uud represent the state. Court makes order as to disposal of patient. If patient is found insane at expiration of specified term lor which committed to hospital, supermtendent of hospital must notify state's attorney of county where trial was held, who must procure Irom such court or judge of such court an order lor lurther commitment of patient until his recovery. Upon motion of attorney general court may order person committed by sheriff to beeper Oi almshouse of county where case was tried or county of residence of acquitted per- son or court may order person placed in any institution for insane in the United States, appointing a trustee to couiract with institution. The court of general sessions of county where case was tried may order release whenever satisfied that public safety will not be thereby endangered or may order removal to almshouse of county in which person resided at time of act charged or of county where act was committed. Court may certify fact that accused was acquitted on ground of insanity to Secretary of the Interior, who may order person confined in Government Hospital for the Insane. Person whose sanity is in question is entitled to his bill of exceptions and an appeal as in other cases. If court considers that discharge or going at large of insane person would be dangerous, it must order him to be committed to jail or oiherwise to be cared for as an insane per- son, or may commit him to care of friends giving satisfactory security; otherwise he must be discharged. "When person has been committed to State Sanitarium, if crime was capital, he must not be discharged Irom sanitarium except by special act of legislature; if crime was not capital, he may be discharged by warrant or order from governor. Courtmay order jury to be summoned Irom jury Hit of county to inquire whether insanity continues and may direct sheritf to Keep acquitted person in custody until determina- tion of question. Court may cause witnesses to be summoned and direct prosecuting attorney to conduct proceedings; counsel may appear for acquitted person. If jury finds person insane, he must be committed by sheriif to state insane asylum. If jury finds hira sane, he must bo discharged. If jury finds person has not entirely or permanently recovered, court must have person committed to a state hospital for insane to remain untilhis recovery; otherwise he must be discharged. State's attorney in charge of cose must notify superintendent of hos- pital to which accused is sent of fact that person was acquitted of crime on plea of in- sanity. If superintendent discharges accused at any time, he must notify state's at- torney and give reasons. If crime was murder, attempt at murder, rape, attempt at rape, highway robbery, or arson, judge of court trying case must order acquitted person removed to hospital for insane criminals, to remJiin until he recovers and is adjudged by medical superintendent and Board of Administration a fit subject to be discharged. Defendant must be proceeded against on charge of insanity. Proceedings must conform to those prescribed for admission of insane to a general state asylum for insane,* but no preliminary statement in wTitingis required. Verdict of jury or finding of court which tried case is prima facie evidence of insanity. In case of male accused of a felony, if finding of court or jury is against defendant as to commitmentof actcharged, but in favor of him on plea of insanity, he must be com- mitted by order of comt to Indiana Hospital for Insane Criminals. If defendant is in custody and his discharge is found to be dangerous to public peace and safety, court must order him confined in insane hospital or retained in custody until he becomes sane. In cases where person is sent to a state hospital, county attorney in charge of case must notify superintendent of hospital that person was acquitted on plea of insanity. If superintendent at any time discharges patient, he must notify county attorney and give reason. If court, after hearing any testimony ofl'ered by commonwealth or defendant, is satisfied that person is insane at time verdict is rendered, it may order him to be taken to an insane asylum. If court deems discharge and going at large of acquitted person dangerous to safety of citi- zens or peace of state, court may commit person to state insane hospital or any similar institution iu any parish within jurisdiction of court ^ to be kept until he recovers or is otherwise delivered by due course of law. Court by a precept stating fact of insanity, may commit acquitted person to insane hos- pital. A i>erson so committed may be discharged from institution oy court having juris- diction of case or by any justice of supreme judicial court, upon satistictory proof tliat discharge will not endanger peace and saiety of community, or he may be committed by such justice to custody of any friend giving approved bond to judge of probiite for coimty in v.-hioh hospital is located for his safe-'-:eeping and payment of damages anyone may sustain by his acts. If person so discharged is found, upon satisfiictory proof, to De aga?n daneerously insane, any justice of supreme judicial court may, by a pfccopt stating fact of insanity, recommit h im to insane hospital from which he was discharged. Ground of acquittal must be stated . Coiirt, if satisfied that acquitted person is insane, may order him committed to a state insane hospital under such limitations as may seem proper. If act committed wa'j murder or manslaughter, ( ourt must order person committed for life to a state msane hospital; he may be discharged from hospital by governor, with advice and consent oi council, when governor is satisfied, after an investigation by Stale Board of Insanity that discharge will not be dangerous to others. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 95 Table 12.— PERSONS ACQUITTED OF CRIMINAL CHARGE ON GROUND OF INSANITY— Continued. [For notes to this table, see p. 96.! Hkhigan. Minnesota. Mississippi. Missouri — Montana. Nebraska Nevada' New Hampshire. Verdict. Ground of acquittal must be stated. Ground of acquittal and finding as to whether person has homicidal tendencies must bo stated. Ground of acquittal must be stated and also finding as to whether accused has since re- covered and as to whether he Is dangerous to community. Ground of acquittal and finding as to recovery must be stated. Not guilty by reason of insanity.. Ground of acquittal must be stated.. Groimd of acquittal must be stated . Procedure upon acquittal. If discharge or points at large of person acquitted is considered manife^ly dangerous to peace and safety of community, court may order him to be committed to prison and to be Iccpt there until further order of court; othenvise he mu?t be discharged. If crime charged was murder, attempt at murder, rape, attempt at rape, incest, abduction, high^'ay robbery, or arson, or attempt to do great bodily harm, court, upon receiving certification of acquittal on ground of insanity, must inquire whether msanity con- tinues and, if it does, must order person sent to State Asylum at Ionia (now Ionia State Hospital*. Court must commit person to proper f tate hospital, which in the case of persons having homicidal tendencies is hospital for dangerous insane (connected with St. Peter State Hospital). A person thus committed to a hospital may not be released, except upon . order of court that committed him and until superintendent of hospital certifier to such court that in his opinion person is wholly recovered and that no person will be en- dangered by his discharge. If jury certifies that person is still Insane and dangerous, judge must order him conveyed to one of the state asylums lor insane. In case iury finds person not permanently recovered, if prisoner is not a poor person and court believes itunsafe to permit him to go at large, order for his removal to a state hos- pital must bo entered of record: if prisoner is a poor person, court must remand him to custody of sheriff or other officer of court to be held until county court rauses him to be removed to hospital. If jury finds person permanently recovered, ho must be dis- charged from custody. Court may order jury summoned from jury list of cotmty to inquire if insanity of de- fendant fontinues and may cause witnesses to be summoned and direct county attorney to conduct proceedings; it may also direct sheriff to taVe defendant and detain him in custody until question of continuing insanity is determined. If defendant is found insane at time of acquittal, court must order sheriS to commit him to insane asylum; if found sane, be must be discharged. Court must order defendant committed to the state hospital for insane untilhe becomes sane and is regularly discharged. New Jersey . New Mexico New York North Caroltaa. . North Dakota; Ohio , Oklahoma Oregon Pennsylvania " . Rhode Island >«. Bonth Carolina ' South Dakota. . Texas. Utah.. Vermont. Ground of acquittal must be stated. , Ground of acquittal must be stated . Ground of acquittal must be stated . . Ground of acquittal must be stated . Not guilty by reason of insanity Ground of acquittal must be stated. . Ground of acquittal must be stated. Ground of acquittal must be stated.. Court, if of opinion that it Is daneerous for person to be at large, may commit htm to prison or asylum for insane, to remain until discharged by due course of law. Governor and council or supreme court may disrharge any such person from pri.son. Court must ascertain whether insanity continues, and, if it doe.s.must order person in safe custody and to be sent to a state hospital for insane. Patient may be discharged by order of one of the justices of the supreme eoiut if, upon due investigation, it appears safe, legal, and right to make such order.a Court may order person kept in strict custody in place specified by court while insanity continues. Court, if defendant is in custody and it deems his discharge dangerous to public peace or safety, must order him committed to state insane asylum until his recovery. 't» Court which tried case must detain person in custody pending an inquisition into his sanity and must notify person of date of inquisition. Judge must cause witnesses to be summoned and, if upon inquisition judge finds person to be dangerous to himself or others, he must commit him to the hospital for dangerous insane. Upon his recov- ery, authorities having charge of person must notify sheriff of county from which he came, who must order that he appear before judge of superior court of district to be dealt with according to law. No person who has been charged with capital felony may be discharged from the hospital unless by an act of general assembly. No per- son who has been charged with a lesser crime may be discharged except upon order of governor. Court, if defendant is in custody and it deems his discharge dangerous to public peace or safety, may order him to be committed to the state hospital for insane or to such person or persons as court may direct, to remain until h? becomes sane. Person must be delivered to probate court to be proceeded against on the ground of In- sanity, and the verdict is prima facie evidence of insanity. If he is committed to an asylum and later recovers his sanity, superintendent must notify prosecuting attor- ney of proper count v. Unless prosecuting attorney causes a capias to be Issued, super- intendent must discharge patient. Court, if defendant is in custody and it deems his discharge dangerous to public safety, may order him to be committed to state insane asylum or to such persons as court may direct to remain until ho becomes sane.'^ Court, if it deems person's being at largo dangerous to public peace or safety, must order him to be committed to any insane asylum authorized by the state to receive such persons, to remain until he becomes sane or is othenvise discharged by authority of law. Court must order prisoner committed to some place of confinement "for safe-keening or treatment. If. after a confinement of 3 months, any law judge is satisfied by evidence presented to him that prisoner has recovered and that the paroxysm of insanity in which (he criminal act was committed was the only one he had ever experienced, he may order his unconditional discharge. If it appears that such paroxysm of insanity was preceded by at least one other, court may appoint a giiardian and commit pris- oner to his care; but In case of homicide or attempted horaii'ide. prisoner m:\y not be discharged imless. In the opinion of the suoerintendent and three-fourths of the mana- gers of the hospital and the court before which he was tried, he has recovered and may safely be at large." Court, i it deems person's discharge dangerous to public peace, must notify governor, who may cause him to be removed to the state asylum 'or inrane or other institution for insane either within or without the state, to remain during continuance of his insanity. Ground of acquittal must be stated., Ground of acquittal must be stated . Not guilty by reason of insanity Court, if defendant is in custody and it deems his discharge dangerous to public peace or iafety, may order him to be committed to the hospital for insane or to care of such per- son or persons as court may direct, to reratdn until he becomes sane, is Ground of acquittal must be stated., Virginia.. Ground of acquittal must be stated . District court may submit question of person's insanity to a jurv. If he is found insane, and court deems his freedom a menace to public quietude, judge must order sheriff to commit him to State Mental Hos|jitaluntiJ he becomes sane. If person isfound sane, he must bo discharged. If discharro or going at larce of person is considered dangerous to commtmity, court may order him confined in state prison or state hosnital for insane or in some other suitable place. 1 erson confined by such an order may be discharged only bv order of county court for county in which order was made, upon petition served upon state's attorney for that countv. Court must order person sent to a state asylum." 96 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 12.— PERSONS ACQUITTED OF CRIMINAL CHARGE ON GROUND OF INSANITY— Continued. STATE. Verdict Procedure upon acquittal. Ground of acquittal must be stated, toother 1 IT 'urv finds that insanity contuiues or that there is such likelihood of a recurrence as to West Vireinin with finding as to whether defendant's Insan- ity continues or there is such likelihood of a re- cmrence that he is not a safe person to be at large. Ground of acquittal must be stated render acquitted person unsafe to be at large, court must order him committed to insane ward of penitentiary until legally discharged.^^ Court, if it deems person dangerous, may order him committed to jail until he can be sent Wisconsin"., . . Ground of acquittal and finding as to whether defendant is sane at time of trial must be stated. to hospital for insane.** If jury finds person is insane at time of trial, coiu^t must order him committed to a state hospital for insane; otherwise he must be discharged. NOTES TO T.VBLE 1.!. ' The only provisions relating to the acquittal of persons on tlic ground of insanity consist of ( I ) a section spocifyins; among the classfs ot patients to be conttucil in the criminal ward of the stat« insane asylum persons acquitted of high ci-imes or misdemeanors on the ground ot insanity who are adjudged by court trying offense as dangerous persons to be at largn, and (2) a section stating that a lunatic or msano person without lucid Intervals must not bo found guilty of any crime or misdemeanor witii which he may be charged^ provided tlie act charged was committed in the condition of insanity. • See provisions summarized in Table 10, which apparently relate to plea of insanity at time of trial. > The sections summarized in this tabic were repealed in 1913 (Mar. 15) bv a law with provisions somewhat as follows: Verdict.— When a plea of insanity Ls intcrpo.'ied as a defense, jury or conrl, if trial Is by court, must find whether accused committed act charged, and it so, whether he was insane at time of crime and whether not guilty because oif insanity at time of crime. Procedure upna acquiilat. —Cnurt must find as to defendant's sanity a't time of trial. If he finds that defendant b then insane or that recurrence of attacli of Insanity is highly probable, he must order defendant, if a male, committed to Indiana Hospital for Insane (.'riminals, and if a female, to any ha^piial of state where female insane are confined. After 6 months Irora date ot commitment persou so confined may apply for discharge in court from which committed, and discharge must be ordered if court is convinced of recovery and that recurrence of attack Is improbable. A second or subsequent application fur discharge may not be mi\de within i years ot proviou* application. > The proceedings referred to are substantially as follows (sec Table 5): The ju.stioe of peace of the county must, with 2 practicing physicians, visit and ex^mvae alleged Insane person and must summon these examiners and witnesses to appear before him at a specified time. Sworn statements by examiners and by medical attendant of person in question, with finding of justice, must be transmitted by justice to cleric of circuit court of county, who, it person was found insane, must apply for hb admission toihe insane asvlum. ' I'rior to 1911 there appear to have been no statutory provisions other than those summarized. The following provisions were enactsd in 1911. but the provisions noted in tlie tai>le have not been repealed: Vrrdkt.—Whm during trial of person on an indictment or information evidence is introduced to prove that he was insane at time of crime and person is found to have been insane at that time and is acquitted on that ground, jury or court, as the case may lie, must so state in verdict, and In such case jury must pass specially on question of insanity. Procedure vpon acqulital.— Court must commit person to state asvlum for dangerous iusaue, from which he may not be liberated except upon order of court that com- mitted him and until superintendent of asylum certifies in writing to such court that in his opinion person is wholly recovered and no person will be in danger by his discharge. « Practically the same provision is contained in a law of 1902, which, as amended in 1KI4, provides for the establishment of the hospital later built at Pinevillc. In (hat provision, however, the only institution mentioned as a place to which persons acquitted on ground of insanity may tw committed is the hospitiil to which the act relatis. ' See Table 10 for procedure when a person indicted for crime or misdemeanor alleges insanity in his defense. » According to a law which appears for the first time in the Revised Laws ot Nevada, 191J, the finding of a jury aeciuitting a person on ground of insanity has the same force as if he were regularly adjudged insane and judge must thereupon order him confined iu the Nevada Hospital for Mental Diseases until he is regularly discharged In accordance with law. ' Law or president judge of court of common pleas of any county has concurrent authority with judge of circuit court in his county to order removal ol any person charged with misdemeanor and acquitted on grotuid of insanity to one of state hospitals tor Insane. (See Table 10, note 11, concerning a lawot .\pr. 27, 1911, providing for a house of detention at the New Jersey State Hospital at Trenton.) I" See Table 10. note 1.5, concerning discharge of inmates of Matteawan State Hospital. n The Compiled Laws of 1909 also contains a provision to the effect that court may order a person acquitted because of insanity to be committed to care of sheriff untn he becomes sane. ■2 See Table 10, note 18. The provlsioas for the hospitals referred to also contain sections forbidding commitment to cither hosnltalof persons who have lieen acquitted of charge of homicide, arson, rape, robtiery or burglary, or of attempt to commit any of these offenses, or of persons sa charged but not proceeded against as criminals because ot insanity, unless, in the case of the Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, the court is satisfied that there is reason lo believe that such person may be speedily cured hy sending him to the hospital or, in the case of the Western Pennsylvania Hospital, the jury finds by its verdict that there is reason for .such belief. " The provisions summarized in the table are those of a law of Apr. 20, 1869, as amended by a law of Mar. 19, 1903. The following provisions regarding procedure upon acquittal are contained in a Jaw of Mar. 31, I860, and have never been repealed: Court may order person kept in strict custody in place and manner deemed advisable by court, as long as his insanity continues. If relatives or friends of any such person, or guardians, overseers, or supervisors of any county, township, or place give security satisfactory to courts that such person will be restrained from the commission of any ofleme, court may order him discharged to their custody. The provisions (from a lawof 1874) which aresummarized in Table 14, page 101, for "Persons imprisoned after conviction of any crime"apply alsoto persons acquitted on account of insanity, except that court or judge to act in such cases is court having immediate cognizance of crime with which prisoner is charged, or any law judge of such According to a law of 1911, as amended in 1913, court tiTing case may release from custody on parole any person charged with crime and acquitted on ground ot insanity, and may prescribe such conditions of release as it may deem proper. » See Table 10, note 19, regardiug law of Aug. IS, 1910. '* The provisions summarized in Table 10 may apply to persons acquitted of criminal charge on .ground of insanity. '•According to a law of 1911 persoas acquitted of criminal charge on ground of insanity, if considered dangerous by court, must Ije committed to the hospital for in.sane. " See also Table 10. B A law ot 1909 provided that no person should be acouitted of crime because of insanity, and that it in judgment of court a person convicted of crime was msane at lime act was committed, coiirt should proceed in manner shown in Table 10 for persons believed to be insane at time of conviction or sentence. This law was declared unconstitutional in September, 1910, and the laws of 1907, as summarized in the table, are now in force. » When any person so committed claims to have become sane and free from danger ol a relapse, he must apply to physician in charge of criminal Insane for an exam- ination ot his mental condition, and if physician certifies to superintendent that there is reasonable cause to believe that person has become sane and is a safe pei-son to be at large, superintendent must permit person lo present to court that committed him a pelitiou containing a statement to that effect and asking for his discharge. The petition must be sen-ed upon prosecuting attorney of county, whose duty it is to resist the application, and isMie must be tried before a jury. If jury finds person has recovered as specified he must be discharged; otherwise his petition must be dismissed and he must be remitted to custody. Either party may appeal to supreme court from decision of jury as in other cases. Should such person again become insane after his discharge, prosecuting attorney of county may file petition .setting forth I he fact. The case must then be tried before a jury, but burden of proof lies with state: appeal may be made by either party lo supreme court, as in other cases. The prosecuting attorney of any county in which a person may have been acquitted of a crime because o( insanity may cause any such person who is not in custody to be brought before superior court of that county for trial as to question of his sanity by filing petition in name of state. Either party may appeal to supreme court as in other cases. » See also Table 10. ■■' The provisions summarized in the table were amended in 1911 and 1913 so as to be substantially as follows: Verdict. — Notguiltv because insane. Procedure upon acquiltnl.—CmiTl must order person committed to hospital for criminal insane, to be detained and treated until legally discharged. A reexamination may be had as in thecaseof other patients, but no person so committed may be released unless magistrate or jury charged withduty of passing upon his sanity, in addition to finding him sane also finds that he is not likely to have such a recurrence of insanity as would result in acts which, but for insanity, would constitute crimes. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 97 PERSONS WHO ESCAPE INDICTMENT. The method of disposition of persons who have escaped indictment by reason of insanity, where any specific provision is made, is usually the same as for persons acquitted on the groimd of insanity, as is shown by the following table: Table 13.— PERSONS WHO ESCAPE INDICTMENT BY REASON OF INSANITY. Procedure. Procedure. Alabama Louisiana Maine Maryland Massachusetts Michigan Mississippi New Hampshire . (Procedure same as for persons acquitted.) whenever grand jury, after making inquiry as to commission ofany crime or misdemeanor, ornits to find a bill (because of insanity of accused), such jury must so certify to court. (Subsequent procedure same as for persons acquitted.) When grand jury omits to find an indictment against any person arrested to answer for an offense, by reason of his msanity, such jury must so certify to court when it returns verdict' (Subsequent procedure same as for persons acquitted.) (See Table 10, third group of persons noted for Maryland.) If grand jury does not indict a person held in custody on a charge of crime, by reason of his insanity, such jury must so certify to court. [Subsequent procedure same as for persons acquitted. (See Table 12, first sentence under " Procedure upon acquittal.")] AVhen person held in prison on a charge of having committed an indictable ollense is not indicted by grand jury, by reason of insanity, such jury must so certify to court. (Subse- quent procedure same as for persons acquitted.) When a person is held in prison or on bail charged with an offense and grand jury does not find a true bill, by reason of insanity of accused, grand jury must so certify to circuit court and state whether condition of person is such as to endanger security of persons or property and peace and safety of community. If grand jury reports such unsound- ness of mind and such danger, court must notify chancellor or clerk of chancery court, whose duty it is to proceed ac- cording to law relating to persons of unsound mind. ■WTiengrand jury omits to find an indictment against a person for the reason of his insanity or mental derangement, such jury must so certify to court. (Subsequent procedure same as for persons acquitted.) New Jersey North Carolina, Ohio Pennsylvania.. Utah.... Vermont Virginia. West Virginia. (Procedure same as for persons acquitted.) (Procedure same as for persons acquitted.) (See Table 10. second group of persons noted for Ohio.) When person charged with offense is brought before court to be discharged for want of prosecution and by oath of one or more crediblepersons appears to be insane, court must order district attorney to send before grand jury a written allega- tion of such insanity in the nature of a bill of indictment. If accused is found insane, court must, after giving notice to next of Idn of such person, order jury impaneled to try ques- tion of insanity. If such jury finds person insane, proceed- ings may be had as in case of a person found insane upon arraignment. (Procedure same as for persons acquitted.) When person held in prison on a charge of having committed an offense is not indicted by grand jury, bv reason of in- sanity, grand jury must so certify to court." (Subsequent procedure same as for persons acquitted. ) Wnen person in jail on charge of having committed a crimi- nal offense appears, from a certificate of a grand jury or otherwise, tosatisfactionofcourt in which he is held, to have been insane at time of commission of act, and continues to be insane, courtmay orderhim tobesentto one of the state insane asylums or to be delivered to his friends. When person in jail on charge of having committed an indict- able offense is not indicted by reason of insanity at time of commission of act, grand jury must so certify to court. Court may order him to be sent to hospital for insane or to be discharged. SENTENCED PRISONERS. The procedure prescribed by law for the treatment of prisoners serving time or sentenced to serve tune who become or appear insane is shown in Table 14. As will be seen by reference to Table 4, six states have separate hospitals for the criminal insane. In a number of other states there are departments for the criminal insane either in connection with the state prison or penitentiary, as in Iowa, or in connection with a state hospital, as in Maine and New Jersey. The insane who are kept in prisons are not included in the statistics given in this report. Wlien a prisoner is transferred to a hospital for the insane or to a special w^ard or department for the in- sane, it is customary to deduct the time spent there from his sentence, although this is not expressly stated in the laws of all the states. Table 14.— PRISONERS SERVING TIME OR SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME W^O BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE. [For notes to this table, see pp. 102 and 103.] Alabama. Arizona. Arkansas. California.. Colorado . Persons sentenced to or imprisoned in penitentiary or sentenced to or con- finftd at hard labor for coimty. Prisoners in state prison.. Persons convicted of misdemeanor con- fined in county jail. Convicts in state penitentiary or reform school. Convicts in stat« prisons . Convicts in prison.. Physician in charge of penitentiary or convicts must report to governor, who appoints 3 persons, including the phy- sician, to examine convict and report result to governor. If convit. t is declared insane, governor must direct proper officers to arrangeforadmission of convict to state hospital. Prison physician must, after examination, report to superin- tendent of prison, who must communicate with nearest local authority of competent jurisdiction. Such authority must cause an examination to be held as prescribed by law for persons alleged to be insane. If prisoner is found in- sane, officer conducting examination must commit him to care of superintendent of prison for immediate transfer to asylum for insane. Person in charge of asvlum must rejjort condition of prisoner quarterly to superintendent of prison. Sheriff must notify county physician immediately, who must examine prisoner. If physician believes the prisoner insane, an examination into his sanity must be held as pre- scribed by law. If prisoner is found insane, he must be committed to the insane asylum. Penitentiary' physirian, if he ascertains that a convict is in- sane, must notify superintendent of penitentiary, who with consent of penitentiary board must transfer ionvirt to State Hospital for Nerv'ous Diseases. Warden and other officers designated by directors to act in such cases must make examination: and if they are con- vinced of convict's insanity warden must certify fact to superintendent of a state asvlum for insane and mustsend convict to such asylum to be kept until cured. i Warden must send copy of'cerlificate to directors of prison. In casoof convict in penitentiary-, commissioners or warden of penitent iarv must report to governor, who may appoint commission of 3 practicing physicians to examuie prisoner and report to governor. If from such report governor be- lieves prisoner is insane and can not well be t^ken care of in penitentiary, he must order prisoner transferred to an insane asylum. Superintendent of hospital must notify proper officers, who must remove patient immediatelv. When so far recovered as to be able to con- tinue service in prison without further risk, patient must be returned to serve any unexpired time, period in insane asylum being counted as though served in prison. If sentenceexpireswhilepris- oner is in asylum, superintendent of prison must forward him his legaJ dis- charge from prison. Supermlendent of hospital must notify superintendentof penitentiary' who must take convict back into penitentiary. Time spent in hospital must be credited as time served under his sentence to penitentiary. Superintendent of asylum must notify di- rectors of prison and warden; the latter must send for convict and receive him back into prison. Time spent at asylum counts as part of convict's sentence. In case of convict from penitentiary or re- formatory, after examination has been made as m other cases of lunacy inquests, superintendent of asylum must notify warden of institution in which patient was formerly confined, who must transfer him to such place to serve out any unex- pired term of his sentence. 27622°— 14- 98 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 14,— PRISONERS SERVING TIME OR SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE— Contd. (For notes to this table, see pp. 102 and 103.] Connecticut. Delaware * District of Columbia Class of persons. Male convicts in state prison . Female convicts in state prison. Inmates of state reformatory ». Prisoners in common jails. Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. Prison physician must notify warden, who must remove convict io insane ward of prison. If convict is insane at time of discharge, agent of Connecticut Prison Association must receive him and turn him over to authorities liable for his care; if none are found, he must be cared for at state expense under direction of association. Upon receipt of report from prison physician and consulting physician • of prison, warden must notify governor, who must order warden or any proper ofTicer to take prisoner and deliver her to superintendent of a state hospital for insane. If patient is insane at expiration of term, superintendent must notify governor, who may order her further detention until recovery. Physician of reformatory must notify superintendent of re- formatory, who must report to governor. Governor must order s uperintendent of reformatory or any proper officer to take person and deliver hlm'to superintendent of a state hospital for insane. It patient is insane at ex- piration of term, superintendent must notify governor, who may order his further detention until recovery. Jailer must notify governor, who must appoint commission of not more than i experts to examine prisoner and report to governor. If commission finds prisoner insane and governor approves its report, he must order jailer or any proper oflieer to transfer person to a state hospital for insane. If patient is insane at expiration of term, super- intendent mustnotifygovemor,who may order his further coDJBLnement until recovery, Procedure upon recovery. Consulting physician of prison nrust notify warden, who must remove prisoner to ordinary prison wards. If patient recovers before expiration of sen- tence, superintendent of hospital must notify governor, who must order warden or any proper officer to deliver person to proper authorities of prison. If patient recovers after expiration of sentence, she is discharged by superintendent of hos- pital. If patient recovers before expiration of sen- tence, superintendent of hospital must notify governor, who must order superin- tendent of reformatory or any proper officer to deliver pert^on to i>roper au- thorities of reformatory. Tf p;\tient re- covers after expiration of sentence, he is disehargedby superintendent of hospital. If, before expiration of term, superintend- ent of hospital beUeves patient has re- covered, he must notify governor, who must appoint commission of not more than 3 experts to examine prisoner and report to governor. If prisoner is re- ported no longer insane and governor approves report, he must order jailer or any proper ollicer to transfer person from hospital to jail. If patient recovers after expiration of sentence, he is discharged by superintendent of hospital. Florida. Georgia^ Idaho 6.. nUnois.. Persons undergoing sentence of any court of the District of Coltmibia for crime. Convicts in state prison Convicts sentenced to penitentiary.. Prisoner may be committed to Government Hospital for In- sane by order of Secretary of Interior. Prison physician must order removal to prison hospital when he believes it would not be detrimental to other inmates of prison. Convict must be removed to prison farm and kept there dur- ing term lor which sentenced, or until cured. When prisoner sent to hospital recovers, superintendent of hospital must notify justice holding criminal court, and de- hver prisoner to court according to its proper precept. (') Indiana. Convicts in penitentiaries. Convicts in reformatory or state prison (males). Iowa. Kansas. Louisiana ">. Women committed to women's prison and girls committed to Indiana Girls' School. Convicts in penitentiary or reformatory . Persons convicted of misdemeanor and sentenced to i mprisonment in jail. Convicts in penitentiary s. Convicts serving sentence in state peni- tentiary Warden or other oflieer in charge of pententiary , upon receiv- ing certification of insanity by physician of institution, must examine convict, and if convinced of his insanity, must have him transferred to asylum for insane criminals (atChester)toremainuntille'^allydischarge.d. If insanity fontinnes after expiration of sentence, convict must be kept in asylum imtil adjudged by medical sni^erintendent of asylum and board of commissioners of penitentiary a fit subject to be discharged: he may be delivered to relatives or friends who give security for his good beha\ior and main- tenance. Upon notification by physician of institution, chief executive officer of institution, if convinced of insanity, must report to governor, who must direct chief officer to convene a lunacy commission (composed of 2 physicians and a justice of the peace) to examine into mental condition of prisoner and report to chief officer, h3\ing first notified the next friend or nearest relative of con\ict and secretary of State Board of Charities. The chief offiicer of institution must transmit report of commission to governor, who, if con- \incedofcoavict'sin3amty. must orderchief officer to trans- fer him to Indiana Hospital for Insane Criminals. Convict must be detained at hospital while insanity continues. Person must be transferred to asylum for insane in manner prescribed for commitment of other insane persons.^ Governor, upon receipt of certificate from physician of insti- tution, must order convict transferred to department for insane at Anamosa, to remain until expiration of sentence or recovery. Upon expiration of sentence, an examination must be made by competent physicians, and if convict is found not to have recovered , governor must be notified. The governor, after investigation, may order transfer of prisoner to one of hospitals for insane or may order his re- tention in (he department for criminal insane. Investigation as to sanity must be held by commissioners of insanity. If prisoner is found insane, he must be com- mitted to deimrtment for criminal insane at Anamosa. Wardenofpenitentiarymustnotifythephysician.who, if he deems statement of insanity true must, with assistance of 2 nearest residentphysiciaris,examine into facts. If they deem person insane, they must so certify to warden, who must cause person to be confined in insane ward of peni- tentiary; or,ifboardofdirectorsof penitentiary 3 consents, he may cause convict to be sent to asylum for insane tore- main until his recovery. Board of control of state penitentiary ii must present petition to district court where penitentiary is located , stating fact of insanity and asking for interdiction and transfer of con- vict to asylum for insane. Judge receiving petition must hear and determine question of insanity, and if satisfied from evidence that convict has become insane during im- prisonment, must order his removal to asylum for insane. When medical superintendent of asylum, certifies to recovery, con\ict must be transferred to penitentiary from which he came. (Apparently relates to re- covery before expiration of sentence. For procedure after expiration of sentence, see preceding colunm.) If recovery occurs before expiration of sen- tence or maximum limit of indeterminate sentence, warden and physician in charge of state prison must notify governor, who if convinced of recovery of prisoner, must order him transferred to penal institu- tion from which he was removed. Time spent in asylum must be credited on sen- teme. If recovery occurs after expiration of sentence or of its maximum limit, warden and physician of state prison must notify governor, who, if convinced of recovery of prisoner, must order his discharge by warden. If recovery occurs before expiration of sen- tence, convict must be held at Anamosa to serve out unexpired sentence. Person in charge of department for crim- inal insane must notify sheriff and county attorney of proper county. Sheriff must receive and hold prisoner until he is legally discharged by district court or judge. If convict sent to asylum for insane recovers before ex[)iration of sentence, superin- tendent must notify warden, who must immediately take convict into his charge. Convict must be returned to penitentiary to serveoutunexpired portion of sentence, expired portion being reckoned from time when sentence began in penitentiary. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 99 Table 14,— PRISONERS SERVING TIME OR SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE— Contd. [For uotes to this table, see pp. 102 and 103.] Class of persons. Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. Procedure upon recovery. Maine. Maryland I «., Massacbusett.-^ Michigan " . Convicts in state prison . Convicts in county jails. Convicts in penitentiary,. Prisoners in state prison, Massachu- setts Reformatory, Reformatory Prison for Women, or prison camp or hospital in Rutland. Prisoners under sentence in other pris- ons (including jails and houses of cor- rection.) Inmates of stale prison, state house of correction, Michigan Reformatory, or Detroit House of Correction. Convicts in county jails. Inmates of Industrial School for Boy; and State Industrial Home for Oirls. When warden believes a convict has becomeinsane, he must notify prison physician, who must investigate, and if he findscoiivict insane must certify fact to warden. Warden must then apply to judge of municipal court for city of Rockland for an inquiry, who must appoint time and place for hearing, following pmctically the same procedure as for commitment of an insane person not a convict, ex- ; cept that judge is required in addition to appoint guardian ad litem and mayalsoappointcounsel for convict. If upon evidenceathearingjudgedetermines that convict is insane and that his comfort and safety or that of others will thereby be promote!, he must commit him to building fur criminal insane at Augusta Hospital for Insane to re- main until ho recovers or is discharged by law.'s When keeper believes a convict has become insane, he must notify physician appointed by the governor to act as exam- iner of insane convicts in county jail,i>* who must investi- gate, and if he finds convict insane, must certify fact to keeper. Keeper must then apply for an inquirvtojudgeof nearest municipal court in county or, if there is none, to a judge of the supreme judicial court, who must follow the procedure indicated above for convicts in state prison , ex- cept that commitment may be made to either of the state hospitals. '2 Whenever board of directors deems it necessary they may summon the Lunacy Commission to examine into mental condition of convict. If convict is adjudged insane by commission or a majority of its members, and his removal is deemed advisable, commission must make cumplaint to judge of criminal court of Baltimore, who is empowered to order removal of convict to someinsane asylum within state. Warden or superintendent must notify one or both of the experts in insanity designated by State Board of Insanity to examine prisoners in these institutions who are alleged to be insane. Such expert or experts must, with physician of prison, examine prisoner anil report result to superior courtly of county in which prison is situated. If upon such report court believes prisoner insane and his removal expedient, it must issue warrant to warden or superin- tendent authorizing him to cause removal of prisoner, if a male, to Bridgewater State Hospital and, if a female, to one of the other state hospitals for insane. When super- intendentand tnisteesof hospital determine that prisoner should be returned to prison, they must so certify upon the warrant; and notice, with statement as to mental condition of prisoner, must be given to warden or superin- tendent of prison, who must thereupon cause prisoner to be reconveyed to prison to remain pursuant to original sentence. Time of detention or confinement in hospital is computed as part of term of imprisonment. Attendingphysi^Manmust make a report as to appearance of insanity to jailer or master, who must transmit it to a judge authorized to commit insane persons to hospitals. '^ If judge, after certificate of insanity by 2 legally qualified phy- sicians is filed with him, finds that prisoner is insane and his removal expedient, he must order removal of prisoner to a state hospital for insane. A male prisoner thus re- moved must be sent by judge to Bridgewater State Hos- pital, or any of the other state hospitals for insane If in opimon of judge, he has not been criminal or virions in his life. A female prisoner removed on acrount of insanitv is sent to one of the state hospitals other than that at Bridge- water. Whenever physician ofinstitution certifies to officerin charge that an inmate is insane, such officer must immediately make an examination and, if satisfied that he is Insane, must cause him to be transferred to State Asylum at Ionia (now Ionia State Hospital). If insanity continues after expiration of sentence, medical superintendent of asylum must within 5 days after expiration of sentence apply to judge of probate of county in which Institution is situ- ated for an order to retain patient in asylum until his recov- ery, giving notice of such application to one or more friends or" relatives of patient, if their address is known, and to county clerk of county from which convict was sent. Judge must notify alleged insane person and prosecuting attorney of his county, fixin'^ time and place for hearing and must call 2 legally qualified physicians and in his dis- cretion other credible witnesses. Prosecuting attorney must attend hearing and act in behalf of state. If judge certifies that evidence shows person to be insane, he must direct his retention in asylum until his recovery. Any convict whose sentence has expired and who is still insane may be deUvered to relatives or friends who will give surety approved by governing board for his maintenance and good behavior "without further public charge. If it appears to circuit court for county that convict is in- sane, such court may direct that convict be deliverc*! to superintendents of poor of the county, who must immedi- ately take measures for safe-keeping of such person in mariner provided by law. Whenever superintendent ofinstitution certifies to probate courtof county in which home is situated that he believes inmate has become insane, court must investigate question of insanity, causing inmate to be personally examined by 2 legally qualified phvsicians appointed by court and in its discretion calling other credible witnesses. If inmate is adjudged insane, court must order his admission to asylum of district in which institution is. situated. If recovery occurs before expiration of sen- tence, convict must be returned to prison to remain until time when term of im- prisonment would have expired if he had remained there continuously. If recovery occurs before expiration of sen- tence, convict must be returned to jail to remain until lime when term of imprison- ment would have expired if he had r»- malned there continuously (See preceding column.) If prisoner removed to state hospitalis, In opinion of trustees and superintendent of hospital, rcstoreii to sanity, he must immeoiately be returned to prison or house of correction from which he was re- moved , to remain pursuant to original sen- tence, ti me of detention or confinement in hospital being computed as part of term of imprisonment. Upon certification of medical superintend- ent of asylum as to patient's recovery, he must be" transferred to institution from which he came. Medical superintendent of asylum must re- port patient's recovery to superintendent of school or home, who is required to send immediately for inmate. 100 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 14.— PRISONERS SERVING TIME OR SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE-Contd. (For notes to this table, see pp. 102 and 103.1 STATE. Class of persona. Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. Procedure upon recovery. Minnesota i^. Hissoori.. Montana.. Nebraska. . Nevada New Hampshire. New Jer^yw New Mexico. New York. . . Persons confined in state prison or any other penal institution in the state. Persons convicted of crime or misde- meanor. Convicts in state prison Convicts in x>enitentiary Persons sentenced for crime Convicts in state prison Convicts in state prison Persons confined in jail or in house of correction. Convicts in state prison Convicts Males sentenced for a felony. Males undergoing sentence of 1 year or less or convicted of a misdemeanor, and all female convicts. North CaroUna . . North Dakota... Ohio= Oklahoma Oregon » Convicts in state prison. Persons confined in penitentiary or re- form school. Persons confined in penitentiary or re- formatory. Convicts Convicts in state prison.. Warden or other person in charge must notify State Board of Control, which must cause prisoner to be examined by pro- bfte court of county where he is confined. If prisoner is fovnd insane, he must be transferred by order of the court to state asylum for dangerous insane (connected with St. Peter State Hospital). If person becomes insane before execution in whole or in part of sentence, governor must investigate and may pardon convicted person or commute or suspend execution of sen- tence; he may by warrant to sheriff of proper county or warden of state penitentiary order removal to state hospi- tal. Warden must notify Board of State Prison Commissioners, which may order removal of prisoner to insane asylum. Physician must notify governor, who must cause an exami- nation to be made by penitentiary medical board and.iUt finds convict insane, may order removal of prisoner to a hospital for insane. If person becomes insane before execution of sentence, execu- tion must be stayed until his recovery. Court must im- panel jury to determine question of insanity of person at time of impaneling. Court must appoint commission of lunacy as in other cases of insanity. If prisoner is found insane, warden must transfer him to state insane asylum. Governor and coimcil or suprec.e court may transfer any prisoner who is insane to asylum for insane. Supreme court may order person committed to asylum Judge of circuit court of county in which prison is situated must, when informed of the fact by physician of prison, institute an inquiry, calling 2 physicians and other wit- nesses if necessary, and inviting the attorney general to aid in examination, and , if he deems it necessary , calling a jury. If prisoner is found insane, judge must order him removed to state hospital for insane.^o Convict must be received into the asylum Warden or superintendent, when notified by physician of institution, must cause prisoner to be removed to Danne- mora State Hospital. If when term of sentence of convict has expired the medical superintendent thinks con\ict is still insane, he must apply to a judge of a court of record to cause an examination of convict to be made by 2 legally quahfied examiners in lunacy. If convict is found insane, superintendent must apply to a court of record for an order authorizing him to retain the convict. Any convict in the Dannemora State Hospital whose term of imprisonment has expired may, upon order of State Commission in Lu- nacy ,=i be transferred to any institution for the insane. Medical superintendent may discharge and deliver any patient whose sentence has expired and who is still insane to his relatives or friends. Warden or other ofilcer in charge must, when notified by physician of institution, apply to a judge of a court of record to cause an examination of prisoner to be made by 2 legally qualified examiners in lunacy. If prisoner is found insane, warden or other officer in charee mast apply to a judge of a court of record for an order transferring prisoner to Matte- awan State Hospital. When term of sentence of prisoner has expired and he is still insane, he may be retainea in the hospital until his recovery or until he is otherwise legally discharged ; but medical superintendent may discharge and dehver any such patient to his relatives or friends. Any prisoner in Matteawan State Hospital whose term of im- prisonment has expired may . upon order of State Commis- sion in Lunacy ,21 be transferred to any institution for in- sane. Convict must be admitted to the hospital for dangerous in- sane. In case of the expiration of the sentence of any con- vict insane person while he is in hospital for insane, he must be kept until his recovery or until he is considered harmless and incurable. Governor, when notified by the chief ofljcer and the board of trustees of the institution, must inquire into case and, if he determines that person is insane, must order him trans- ferred to state hospital for insane. Chief officer, when notified by physician of institution, must apply to probate court of county in which institution is located for an examination of convict by 2 legally qualified physicians to be designated by court. If convict is found insane, chief officer must apply to the court for an order transferring convict to Lima State Hospital. Ckjnvict must be received into the hospital for insane Governor, when notified by physician of prison, must summon 1 or more physicians of state insane asylum to examine into question'of insanity. If convict is found in- sane, governor may order him transferred to state insane asylum. Governor may at any time order convict trans- ferred back to state prison. If sanity is restored before expiration of sen- tence, patient must be removed by State Board of Control, upon certificate of su- Sertntendent, to institution from which ecame. If sentence was suspended, it must be exe- cuted after expiration of suspension. In case of convict in penitentiary sent to a state hospital after serving two-thirds of his sentence who recovers his sanity, gov- ernor, when notified by superintendentof hospital, must remit remainder of sen- tence. If sanity is restored before expiration of sen- tence, asylum authorities must notify Board of State Prison Commissioners and warden must have prisoner returned to prison. Superintendent of hospital must notify gov- ernor, who must cause convict to be re- turned to penitentiary to serve unexpired term of sentence (time spent in hospital having been deducted from sentence). (See preceding column.) If sanity is restored before expiration of sentence, superintendent of state insane asylum must deliver prisoner to warden of state prison. If sanity is restored before expiration of sentence, chief officer of hospital must notify judge and attorney general. Judge must remand patient to prison to serve out unexpired portion of his sen- tence. 20 If sanity is restored before expiration of sentence, convict must be returned to penitentiary. If sanity is restored before expiration of sentence, medical superintendent must notify warden or superintendent of Insti- tution from which convict was received or to which superintendent of state prisons may direct tnat he be transferred, and must cause his removal to such place to serve out unexpired portion of his sen- tence. "SMionever any con\ict who has been retained beyond expiration of his sentence recovers', he may be discharged by medical superintendent. If sanity is restored before expiration of sentence, medical superintendent must notify warden or other officer in charge of institution from which prisoner was received or to which superintendent of state prisons may direct that he be trans- ferred, if prisoner was received from stat« prLson, and must cause his removal to such place to serve out unexpired portion of his sentence. Whenever any prisoner who has been retained beyond expiration of his sentence recovers, he may be dis- charged by medical superintendent. (See preceding column.) Superintendent of hospital must notify warden or superintendent who, if term of sentence of patient has not expired, must have him returned to institution from which he was sent. If terra of sen- tence has expired, chief officer of institu- tion from which he was sent may direct that he be discharged. If sanity is restored before expiration of sentence, convict must be transferred to penitentiary or reformatory from which he came. If sanity is restored before expiration ol sentence, convict must be returned to state penitentiary. (See preceding column.) SUMMARY OF LAWS. 101 Table 14=.— PRISONERS SERVING TIME OR SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE— Contd. [For notes to this table, see pp. 102 and 103.1 Class of persons. Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. Procedure upon recovery. Pennsylvania 2*.. Rhode Island 26.. South Dakota . Texas. Utah. Vermont . Virginia •» Washington w . West Virginia « . Wisconsin . Wyoming. Persons confined in any jail or prison.. Persons imprisoned after conviction of any crime. Persons confined in the common jails of Armstroiif^, Allegheny, Beaver, But- ler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield, Crawford, Erie, Elk, Forest, Fayette, Greene, Indiana, Jeuerson, Lavrrence, Mercer, McKean, Somerset, Venango, Washington, Warren, Westmoreland, and Potter Counties by sentence or order of any court, who are not under sentence of death. Persons couvloted of crime and impris- oned in state prison or county jail. Convicts in penitentiary.. Couvicts in penitentiary. Persons confined in state prison or a county jail. Persons confined in state prison, house of correction, or a county jaii for a specified time.'s Convicts in penitentiary.. Convicts in penitentiary . Convicts in penitentiary who become hopelessly msane. Prisoners in state prison, reformatory, county jails, or in Milwaukee House of Correction. Persons held under the sentence or jude;- ment of any court or justice of peace. Law judge of court imder whose order person is confined must, upon application, direct an inquiry into the circum- stances, notifying v ommittee on Lunacj^ and, if satisfied that person needs treatment in a hospital, must direct his removal to a state hospital. The trustees and physician of the hospital may not discharge or remove convict with- out an order of a court of competent jurisdiction, and in case he is to be removed to a place of custody other than a hospital, the ( ommittee on Lxmacy must be notified and time given them to investigate the case. Application may be made by the warden, superintendent, physician, or any inspector ofthe penitentiary or jjrison in which person is confined, or by the general agent of the Board of I'ublic < harities to court of county in which prisoner was convicted, or any law judge thereof, to have person removed to a hospital for insane. The court or law judge may then appoint 3 citizens of the state to inquire into question of insanity, and, if prisoner is found of un- sound mind and unfit forpenal discipline, judge may order removal of prisoner to a state hospital. If sentence of prisoner expires while he is in hospital, judge or coiu-t that made the order of removal may, if relatives or friends of patient apply giving security for his custody and care, order transfer of patient to care of person making appli- cation. Commissioners of county, with approval of court by which person was sentenced or one of the judges thereof, may send prisoner to Western I'ennsylvania Hospital, provided principal physician of insane department of the hospital deems such prisoner insane and a fit subject for treatment in the hospital. (In July, 1907, the name of the insane de- partment of this hospital was changed to Dixmont Hospital.) On petition of the Board of State Charities and Corrections in the case of a prisoner in state prison or in Providence Coimty jail, or of the clerk of the superior comt for any of the other counties in the case of a person in the jail of his county, stating that person is insane or in such a state of impairment of body or mind as tends directly to insanity or to permanent uicapacity for mental or physical labor, any justice of supreme court may order such examination of person as he deems proper and, if satisfied of truth of petition, may order removal of prisoner to the state asylum for insane, the state almshouse, or the Butler Hospital. ^e Governor, when notified by warden and State Board of Charities and Corrections may inquire into case and, if he determines that person is insane, may order him trans- ferred to state hospital for insane. If coimty judge of county in which penitentiary is located receives aflidavit that convict confined in state peniten- tiary is insane and believes such information true, he must fix a day for hearing, and order sheriff to summon jury of 6 persons. If such aflidavit is filed before any justice of peace he returns it to county judge. Upon verdict that convict is insane, he must be so pronounced and com- mitted to insane asvlum.s^ Upon receiving complaint made imder oath, district court raay submit question of person's insanity to a jurv. If person is found insane, judue must order sheriff to commit him to State Mental Hospital. Person may be removed to state hospital for insane only upon order of governor, based upon such expert examina- tion as to insanity as governor directs. In case prisoner remains insane at end of sentence, if he was not sent to hospital, he may be sent there; and if already there, he may remain. Superintendent of penitentiary must report to governor, who must order convict brought before circuit court of city of Richmond for inquiry into hissanity. If jury finds convict insane, hemust be transferred to an insaneasylum. When superintendent and such other officers as may be designated by State Board of Control to act with him in such cases believe any convict insane, they must make proper examination and if they still believe convict insane, superintendent must send him to a state insane asylum. If at expiration of sentence convict is still in asylum, he must be allowed to stay there until discharged cured. Warden must notify a justice of Marshall County, who must inquire into iu-sanity of convict and, if satisfieu that he is insane and ought to be confined In a hospital, must order him committed to hospital for insane, unless some person will give bond to re^itrain and take proper care of insane person until the cause ceases or he is delivered to the sheriff of the county to be proceeded with according to law. Board of Control, acting as a commission in lunacy, may adjudge prisoner insane and may, with approval of gov- ernor, remove him to a state hospital for insane.=2 Anyone having; person in charge must, and any citizen of the state may, make complaint, and question of insanity must be inquired into by a jury in accordance with procedure nrescribe By a law of 1913 the powers formerly vested in board are vested in State Board of Corrections. " \ccordmg to an earlier act (1896), which has apparently not been repealed, warden of penitentiary, together with clerk of board of control, must present the petition. K Provisions summarized apply also to convicts detained after expiration of sentence. A friend of any person adjudged insane and committed to building for criminal insane at .\ugusta State Hospital, thinking such person b unreasonably detained, may apply for an inquiry to any justice of supreme judicial court, who may after due inquiry vacate such commitment and, if original sentence has expired, discharge person in question. Application, if unsuccessful, must not be repeated within one year. Concerning transfer of persons committed to building for criminal insane, see Table 10, note 8. " Governor appoints one such examiner in each county. . „.,.»,.,. ■. ^. . j » ^,. , 1* Accorduig to an enactment of 1910 the administrative board of the house of correction, as well as that of the pemtentiary, is empowered to summon the Lunacy Commission to examine into mental condition of convicts and, in case convict is adjudged insane, complaint is to be made to the judge of either of the criminal courts of Baltimoreor any one of the criminal courts for the several counties exercising criminal jurisdiction; and according to an enactment of 1914 the Lunacy Commission is directed to remove all insane convicts confined now or later in the Marvland Penitentiary and the House of Correction to such state hospitals as It deems proper. IS By an act approved Apr. 5, 1910, the district court of central Lfiddlesex also has authority to issue warrant for commitment to the proper hospital in the case of prisoners in Massachusetts Reformatory and the first district court of southern Middlesex in the case of prisoners in Reformatory Prison for Women. I' The latest code contains also an act of 1877, which has never been repealed, including provisions somewhat as follows; Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. — If any person after being convicted of any offene and committed to state prison or any penal institution of the state and before exec;ition in whole or in part of sentence of court shows symptoms of in,sanity, warden must not fy physician of institution and medical superintendent of asylum for insane at Kalamazoo, who must Immediately examine convict and if they believe him insane must so certify to wardeo. Warden must immediately put convict in prison department prepared for insane convicts and notify governor of insanity of convict, whose duty it is to inquire into facts. Governor may pardon convict or commute or suspend execution and may order convict conveyed to a stale asylum for insane aod there kept until he becomes sane or his sentence expires. If patient is insane at expiration of sentence, he must be returned to prLson. (See statement given below regarding persons who are insane at expiration of sentence.) Procedure upon recoteru.—li convict sent to asylum recovers before expiration of sentence, he must be returned to prison to serve out unexpired term of sentence, time of suspension being counted on time for which sentenced. When a person not removed to an asylum is c-rtified by physician of penal institution and medical superin- tendent of asylum for ins.ane at Kalamazoo to be sane or so far recovered that it may be considered safe to put him at labor, warden of penal institution must again put him at hard labor according to his sentence. ,,..,. . » j . . . %. j •.. j . .,. t.. . . i » t • , -r ■ According to provisions enacted in 1903, all persons adjudged insane after havmg been convicted of crane must be admitted to the State Asylum at loma (now Ionia .\n unrepealed act of 1877 relative to persons who are insane at expiration of sentence at any penal institution of the state or Detroit House of Correction contains nro\Tsions which are somewhat as follows: , ^ . _i-c j . t ■ v v ■ ■ . ,-.■».., Before discharging from any penal institution of the state any convict who at expiration of sentence is certified to be insane by physician of penal institution, if no relative or friend takes charge of him, warden or other superintending officer must report his condition to county clerk of county from which convict was sent and to one or more of his relatives or friends it kno«-n, and also to probate judge of county in which penal institution is located. Within 20 days of receipt of notice, judge must issue in behaU of state. If after investigation, with or without a jury,, _ , , . • j ^ _, .u . , ,. ■ . j. ..-■ ■ , „ take charge of him he must on certificate of such judge be admitted to one of the asylums for insane and supported there until he is restored to sanity or is legally removed or taken charge of bv relatives or friends. • j i »• j . . ■. _ j -.i. .i_ ■ w In 1913 class of persons was limited to those confined in state prison or state reformatory and place ol detention during insamty was made either the asylum for dangerous insane or any state hospital, at the discretion of the court. " The provisions summarized in Table 10 apply also to persons in confinement under sentence. M In addition to the section in force Jan. 1, 1910 (which is summarized above), the Compiled Statutes of 1910 contain the same section as amended Mar. 59, 1910. The essential dillerence is that the duties which in the former case are assigned to the judge of circuit court of county in which prison is situated are in the latter case assigned to the justice of supreme court presiding in courts of that county or the judge of court of common pleas of county. (See Table 10, note 14, concerning a law of Apr. ''7, 1911, providing for a house of detention at Trenton.) " In 1912 name ol State Commission in Lunacy was changed to State Hospital Commission. a The provisions summarized in the t;»ble are those of a law of 1900, which provided for the erection of a state hospital for insane at Lima. In 1910 the hospital had not been buUt and presumably the following provisions which also appear in the General Code of 1910 were in force: Procedure when indications ofinsaniti/ are noted.— A convict in the penitentiirv, if the Lima State Hospital l3 not then open to receive suoh convict, must be confined by warden in insane department of penitentiary. In the case of a convict in the reformatory, superintendent must notify board of managers, which may order removal of convict to Columbus State Hospital, .\fter a convict is confined in insane department of penitentiary, if deemed necessary by superintendent of Columbus State Hospital and phvsician of penitentiary, board of managers of penitentmrv may order removal of convict to Columbus State Hospital. Procedure upon recorery.— When physician of penitentbrv certifies to warden that an insane convict confined in insane department of penitentiary has so far recovered that it Is safe to put him at labor under his sentence, or when superintendent of Columbus State Hospital so certifies to warden of panitentiarv or superintendent of reform- atorv regarding a convict from such institution so confined in the hospital, officer in charge of penitentiary or reformatory must remove con\1ct from hospital and put him atlabor under his sentence. . ., . . , ^ ^,- o...tt-. , ^i.^..^. According to the law of 1906 an insane convict under indeterminate sentence transferred from penitentiary or reformatory to Luna State Hospital must be detamed at hospital for maximum term of sentence provided by law for ofl'ense of which person was convicted unless he is sooner restored to reason. The General Code of 1910 contains a provision of an earlier date than 1900 which was apparently not allected by the law of that year, to the effect that if a convict is insane at expiration of sentence the warden must notifv probate judge of countv from which he was sent, who must order sheriff to return msane convict to county to be disposed of as directed by law. This provision further'directs that if a probate judge after notification hy warden neglects to issue a warrant, or it a sherid neglects to remove the convict, warden must cause such convict to be returned to county from whirh he was sent, in charge of an officer of penitentiary or some other suitable person. n The provisions summariicd in the table were repealed in 1913 bv a law which included provisions substantially as follows: . , , v v j When In opinion of warden or phvsician of state penitentliry any convict confined in penitentiary is insane, notice must be given to the clerk of the board, whereupon board must order his examination by 'one or more of the physiclms of the state hospital for insane. If convict Is found insane, board must order him transferred to the state hospital for insane. The board may at any time cause convict to be transferred back to penitentiary. « The following provisions relating to the two penitentiaries are included in a recent di;:cst of Pennsylvania laws as unrepealed: Eastern Penitentiary —When in opinion of inspectors of Eastern Penitentiary a prisonpr confined there has developed such msanity as to render his contmued confine- ment in penitentiary improper and hfa removal to the state lunatic hospital necessary to his recovery, they must submit case to board composed of district attorney of countv of Philadelphia, principal physician of Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane at Philadelphia, and principal physician of the I riends ' Insane Asylum at Frankford, and iii case a majoritv can not at any time attend, a competent physician or phvsicians appointed bv the coiut of quarter sessions of Philadelphia County, in place of such as can not attend Upon receipt of certilcate of the board or of 2 of its members, the governor, if he approves, must order removal of prisoner to state lunatic hospital. If before expiration of sentence trustees of hospital believe prisoner so far restored that his return to penitentiary would be safe and proper, they must cause him to be ^ Western Penitentiary.— Wben physician of Western Penitentiarv believes that a convict confined there is msane, he must notify proper warden and board of inspectors, who must examine into question of insanity. If board of inspectors deems it advisable, they must direct proper physician of Western Penitentiary, with aid of physician of insane department of the Western Pennsvlvania Hospital (now Dixmont Hospital) and another competent person learned in medical jurisprudence, to mqiiire into question of msanitv. If thev, or a majority of them, are convinced that convict is insane, thev must so certify to board of inspectors, and if inspectors approve they must transmit report to governor who, if he also approves, must order removal of prisoner to state lunatic hospital or to Western Pennsylvania Hospital. If before expiration of sentence board of managers of hospital befleve convict so far restored that his return to penitentiary would be safe and proper, board of managers must cause him to be returned. See Table 10, note IS. 2s See Table 10, note 19. ,. , , . . ^. . ,j ., , " The provisions summarized in Table 10 for procedure when indications of insamty are noted m the case of persons imprisoned m any county would apparently apply to prisoners serving time or sentenced to serve time. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 103 NOTES TO TABLE 14— Continued. " Hearing was apparently to be held at state penitentiary, but law was not clear on this point. According to a law of 1913 amending provisions summarized in table this was definitely stated. 1 he procedure prescribed by this law is practically the same as that for other insane persons as stated in Table 5, note 35. ' 28 Accordinp to a law of 1912, persons confined for a specified time or for life in the Vermont Industrial School are also subject to the provisions summarized in the table. » In addition to the provisions summarized in the table, Pollard 's Code of 1904 contains a section providing th:it inainc convicts be cared for in a special ward of the penitentiary. This provision was amended in 1910 so as to be substantially as follows: If any person after conviction of any crime or while serving sentence in a penal institution "or reformatory' or elsewhere is declared insane by a jury, he must be committed by court to department for criminal insane at the proper hospital and kept there until sane; the time spent in department for crimin:il insane must be deducted from term of sentence. 30 The code of 1910 also contains a section of earlier date than the provision siunmarized in the table, providing that governor may order removal of any prisoner to the hospital for insane when the physician, board of penitentiary commissioners, and wardens of the penitentiary after examination believe such prisoner is insane and so certify to governor. As soon as superintendent of hospital to which such a prisoner is sent ascertains that prisoner is not insane, or has recovered, he must notify warden of penitentiary, who must cause prisoner to be returned to penitentiary if his term of imprisonment has not expired. The State Board of Control may, whenever welfare of any person requires it, transfer an inmate of a penal institution or an institution for insane to another institution for care of insane, or to insane ward" of state penitentiary. A convict who is insane at expiration of sentence may not be discharged by superintendent of penitentiary until latter has notified a judge of superior court of county in which penitent iarj- is located of fact of such insanity, whereupon such court must order sheriff of coimty to bring convict before court. Ifafter proper examination made by medical experts court is satisfied that convict is insane, it must order him confined in an insane asylum. If judge or sheriff fails to act as provided in this section, the superintendent must cause removal of convict to the court for examination. a The provisions for procedure when indications of insanity are noted in the case of persons serving sentence in the penitentiary apply also to insane persons who are to be discharged from penitentiary at expiration of sentence. 3* The provisions in Table 10, note 21, apply to this table also. Prisoners under death sentence, — In the following table the statutory provisions dealing specifically with insanity in the case of prisoners under sentence of death are summarized. In Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Rhode Island, Wash- ington (since 1913), and Wisconsin there is no capital punishment. In the other states, even if there are no explicit provisions regarding insane prisoners, the executive authority presumably is empowered to grant a stay of execution to a prisoner under sentence of death who becomes insane. The death penalty in such cases has to be inflicted as soon as the prisoner is restored to reason. In some states there is an advisory board of parole or board of pardons to which all applications to the governor for clemency may be referred. Table 15.— PRISONERS UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE. [For notes to this table, see p. lOo.] Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. Frocedure if prisoner is found insane. Procedure upon recovery. Execution ordered by^ Alabama.. Arisona. Arkansas. California. Colorado. Delaware > . Georgia ». . . If trial court or judpe of such court believes convict insane, execution of sentence must be suspended lor a specified length of time. Court or judge may impanel jury to try question of insanity' and may examine wit- nes<5es. Ifafter defendant is delivered to superintend- ent of state prison for execution, there is good reason to believe he has become insane, superintendent must notify district attor- ney (since 1912 cnimty attorney) of county where prison is located, who must hie in district court (since 1912 superior court) of county, petition stating facts and asking inquiry. Thereupon court must cjiuse jury of 12 persons to be impaneled from reguar jury list of county to hear inquiry. District attorney (since 1912 county attorney) must attend trial and may produce witnesses. If sheriS is satisfied that reasonaMe grounds exist for believing convict in^sane, he may summon a jury of 12 persons, which must examine person, hear evidence presented, and by a written inquisition find as to in- sanity. Warden of state prison must notify district attorney of county in which prison is situ- ated, who must file in superior court of the county a petition for an inquiry. Court must then summon and impanel jury of 12 persons to hear inquiry. I'istrict attorney must attend hearing and may produce wit- nesses. P^xecution must be stayed and court must imj)anel jury to determine whether accused is insane at time of impaneling. (See preceding column). If trial court believes person re- Trial court or judgeofsuch stored to sanity, court or judge court, of court must order execution. Court must order prisoner taken to state asylum for insane. Su- perintendent of prison must sus- pend execution, transmit to gov- ernor copy of order committing prisoner to state asylum, and deliver him to medical superin- tendent of asylum. Sheriff must suspend execution and immediately transmit find- ing to governor. Court must order prisoner trans- ferred to a state hospital for in- sane to be kept until recovery. Warden must suspend exec- ution, transmit to governor a certified copy of order of court, and deliver defendant, with a certified copy of order, to medi- ica! superintendent of^ hospital named in order. Execution must be stayed until recovery of convicted person. Dangerous persons who have committed or attempted to com- mit murder are designated by law as patients to be confined in criminal ward of stale insane asylum. Superintendent of asylum must notify governor, who must issue a warrant appointing a day for execution. When an execution has been sus- pended, governor by warrant to sheriff fixes day of execution. Superintendent of hospital must notify governor, who must issue to warden a warrant appointing a day for execution. Governor. Governor. CJovemor. Idaho. Governor, upon receiving satis actory evidence that person convicted has-become Insane since conviction, may appoint a board of ex- pert physicians to examme person and report result. Sheriff of county, with concurrence of judge of trial court, may summon from list of jurors selected by the commissioners for the year jury of 12 persoas to try question of insanity. Prosecuting attorney of county must attend inquisition and may produce witnesses. Governor, if convinced of insanity of prisoner, may commit him to Slate Sanitarium. Sheriff mtist suspend execution of judgment until he receives war- rant from governor or judge of court which sentenced prisoner directing execution of judgment, Sheriff must immediately trans- mit finding of jury to governor. tjuperintendent of sanitarium must not ify judge of court which convicted prisoner. The judge, if convinced of recovery by cer- tificate of superintendent, by inquisition, or otherwise, must have convict removed to jail and must again pass sentence and issue a warrant directing sheriff to execute sentence at specified time and place. Governor may issue a warrant ap- pointing a day for execution. Governor or judge of court which sentenced pris- oner. 104 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 15.— PRISONERS UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE— Continued. [For notes to this table see p. 105.] Illinois. Iowa. Eentucby.. Loui'^iana' Massachusetts.. Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. Procedure if prisoner is found insane. Procedure upon recovery. Execution must be stayed until recovery of accused. Court must impanel jury to deter- mine whether accused is insane at time of impaneling. Warden of penitentian.', if satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for believing prisoner insane, must notify commissioners of insan- ity of county where penitentiary is located, who must examine prisoner, hear anv evi- dence that may be presentea.and find as to his insanity in a report signed by not less than a majoritv of them. Sheriff, if satisfied that there are reasonable grounds for believing prisoner insane, may summon a jury of 12 persons on jury list drawn by clerkto examine prisoner as to his sanity aiid hear any evidence presented. Finding as to insanity must be signed by each member of jury. Warden must suspend execution and immediately transmit re- port of commissioners of insanity to governor. Sheriff must suspend execution and immediately transmit find- ing to governor. Governor issues a warrant fixing a day for execution. Governor issues a warrant fizJng a day for execution. Execution ordered by- Governor. Governor. Minnesota. Mississippi Montana. Nebraska . Nevada . New Hampshire. New York 6. North Dakota.. Ohio. OMahoma^ . If governor and coxincil are satisfied that con- vict has become insane, governor, with ad- vice and consent of council, may from time to time for stated periods respite execution of sentence untU satisfied that convict is no longer insane. Governor may delay issue of a warrant or re- spite theexecutiori thereof from timetotime. Sheriff, wirh concurrence of judfre of circuit court or of chancellor or president of board of supervisors inabseneeof circuit Judge, must summon 6 physicians, if these are to be had. and, if not, other discreet and experienced freeholders and electors of county to inquire into supDosed insanity. Sheriff must sum- mon and swear all necessary witnesses. Sheriff may summon jury of 12 competent jurors to inquire into supposed insanity. Prosecuting attorney must attend inquiry and may produce witnesses. Sheriff, with concurrence of judge of court which convicted prisoner, may summon jury of 12 persons to inquire into supposed insanity. County attorney must attend m- quisition and may produce witnesses. Warden or sheriff must notify judge of district court of district in which convict was sen- tenced ,who may suspend execut ion if neces- sary and may appoint the 3 superintendents of the state insane asylums as a commission to examine him. Warden, with concurrence of judge of district court of county in which prLsou is situated, may summon'jury of 12 persons to inquire into supposed insanity. District attorney of the county must attend inquiry and may produce witne^es.s Governor, with advice of council, may respite execution from time to lime for stated pe- riods, until they have had suflicient oppor- tunity for investigation, or the cause (insan- ity )_is removed. Sherin of county in which conviction took place, with concurrence of a justice of the supreme court or the county judge of the county, must impanel jury of 12 persons to examme into supposed insanity. District attorney of the county must attend inquiry and may produce witiiesses. Sheriff of county in which conviction took place, upon notice from warden of peniten- tiaiy, must notify judge of district court in which convict was sentenced and state's at- torney, and must summon jury of 6 persons. Jud^e, clerk of court, and state's attorney must attend inquiry. Sheriff must notify a judge of court of common pleas of the judicial district and summon jury of 12 persons to inqufre into supposed insanity at a time and place to be fixed by judge. Jud?e, clerk of court, and prose- cuting attorney must attend inquiry. Sheriff of county or subdivision, with concur- rence of judse of court by which jud^ouent was rendered, may summon jury of 12 per- sons to inquire into supposed insanity. County attorney must attend inquiry arid may pruduce witnesses. (See preceding column) . When execution has been respited, sentence of death must be exe- cuted within week beginning on day next after day on which term of respite expires. War- den of state prison appoints a day within such week for execu- tion. Warden of state prison. Sheriff must immediately transmit finding of jiuy to governor and suspend execution. Sheriff must suspend execution Sheriff must immediately trans- mit verdict of jury to governor and suspend execution. Judge must suspend execution; he may at any time order investiga- tion by the commission as to continuance of insanity. Warden must immediately trans- mit finding of jury to governor and suspend execution. Sheriff must suspend execution and immediately transmit find- ing of jury to governor, who may order convict removed to a state hospital for insane convicts or insane criminals. Judge must suspend execution, and sheriff must immediately transmit finding of jury to gov- ernor. Judge must suspend execution and sheriff must immediately transmit finding of jury to gov- ernor. Sheriff must suspend execution and immediately transmit find- ing of jury to governor. Governor must issue warrant ap- pointing day for execution. Governor, as soon as he is con- vinced of sanity of convict, may issue warrant appotuting time and place of execution. Governor may issue warrant ap- pointing day for execution. Judge must appoint day for ex- ecution. Governor may issue warrant ap- pointing day for execution. Governor. Medical superintendent must no- tify State Commission in Lunacy and a justice of the supreme court of district in which hos- pital is situated , who must make mquiry, and if convinced that patient has recovered, must so certify to clerk of court in which convict was sentenced and cause convict to be returned to cus- tody of sheriff of county from which be came. Governor may issue warrant ap- pointing time for execution. Governor may issue warrant ap- pointing time for execution. Governor may issue warrant ap- Governor, or a majority ol pointing day for execution. thejudges of the supremo court. Governor or judge of court which convicted prisoner. Judge of district court of district in which convict was originally sentenced. Governor or judge of d istrict court of county in which state prison is situated. oovemor Governor. SUMMARY OF LAWS. 105 Table 15.— PRISONERS UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE— Continued. STATE. Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. Procedure if prisoner is found insane. Procedure upon recovery. Execution ordered by — Oregon 8 South Dakota Texas ° Sheriff of county or subdivision, with concur- rence of judtre of court by which judgment was rendered, may summon jury of 12 per- sons to inquire into supposed insanity. County attorney must attend inquiry and may produce witnesses. SheriS must suspend execution and immediately transmit find- ing of jury to governor. Governor may issue warrant ap- pointing day for execution. Governor, or a majority of the judges of the supreme court. Utah Sheriff of county, with concurrence of judge of court by which judt^ment was rendered, may summon jury of 12 persons to inquire into supposed insanity. County attorney must attend inquiry and may produce witnesses. Sheriff must notify a jud<;e of district court of the judicial district and summon jury of 12 persons to inquire into supposed insanity. Judge, clerk of court, and prosecuting attor- Sheriff must suspend execution and immediately transmit find- ing of jury to board of pardons. Judge must suspend execution and sheriff must immediately transmit finding of jury to gov- ernor. Board of pardons (composed of governor, justices of supreme court, and attorney general) may issue warrant appointing day for execution. Governor may issue warrant ap- pointing time for execution. President of board of par- dons, or judge of court by which judgment was ren- dered. NOTES TO TABLE 15. ^ See Table 10 for provisions concerning prisoners who become insane after conviction of capital charge but before sentence. aSee also Table 14, note 5. ^No statutory provisions prior to act approved July 1, 1910. (See Table 10, note?, third and fourth paragraphs.) ^See also Table 14. s According to a law which appears for the first time in the Revised Laws of Nevada, 1912, attorney general as well as district attorney must attend inquiry and may produce witnesses. « The provisions shown in the table were amended in 1910 so as to be substantially as follows: Procedure when indications of insanity are Tzo/ed.— Governor may appoint a commission of 3 persons to examine into supposed insanity. District attorney of county in which murder was committed must attend inquiry and may produce witnesses. PTocedure if prisoner is found insane.— Vianlen must suspend execution; governor may order convict removed to a state hospital for insane convicts. Procedure upon recovenj. —lledioal superintendent must notify State Commission in Lunacy (now State Hospital Commission) and a justice of supreme court of district in whicn hospital is situated, who must make inquiry, and if convinced that patient has recovered, must so certify to clerk of court in which convict was sentenced and cause convict to be returned to custody of wardein of state prison from which he came. Authority ordering execiUion. — Governor. 'The provisions shoiivn in the table were amended in 1913 so as to be substantially as follows; Procedure when indications of insanity are no fed.— Warden must notify county attorney of county in which prison is situated, who must immediately file in district or superior court of county a petition asking that question of insanity be" investigated. Court must then cause jury of 12 persons to be impaneled. County attorney must attend inquiry and may produce witnesses. Procedure if pri'soner is found insam.— Court must order prisoner removed to a state hospital for insane. Warden must suspend execution, notify governor of order of court, and deliver prisoner to superintendent of hospital. Procedure upon recor fry. ^Superintendent must notify governor, who must issue warrant appointing day for execution. Authority ordering execution. — Governor. 8 See Table 14. The provisions summarized there apply to all persons confined in the state prison. B Only statutory provision is to the effect that no person who becomes insane after he is found guilty shall be punished for the offense while in such condition. GENERAL TABLES INSANE IN HOSPITALS (107) 108 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 19:0: msnruTioN. United States. ALABAMA. Total , Public: The Bryce Hospital, Tuscaloosa The Mount Vernon Hospital, Mount Vernon. , ARIZONA. Total PnbUc: Territorial Asylum for the Insane, Phoenix. . ARKANSAS. Total Public: State Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Little Root. CALIFORNIA. Total Public: Agnew State Hospital, Agnew Mendocino State Hospital, Talmage Napa St-ite Hospital, Napa Southern California State Ilospitil, Patton Stocliton State Hospital, Stockton Private: Clark's Sanitarium, Stockton Livermore Sanitarium, Livermore Osborne Hall, Santa Clara COLORADO. Total Public: Colorado State Insane Asylum, Pueblo , Denver City and County Hospital, Denver. Private: Mount .Viry Sanatorium, Denver Woodcroft "Hospital, Pueblo CONNECTICUT. Total PubUc: Connecticut Hospital for the Insane, Middletown.. Norwich Hospital for the Insane, Norwich Private: Crest View Sanatorium, Greenwich Dr. Barnes Sanitarixun, Stamford Dr. Givens' Sanitarium, Stamford Dr. McFarland's Sanitarium, Green's Farms Dr. Wadsworth's Sanitarium, South Norwalk Elmcroft Sanitarium, EnDeld Grand View SaniUmum, Norwich Hartford Retreat, Hartford Kensett, Norwalk Spring Hill Sanitarium, Litchfield The Westport Sanitarium, AVestport DELAWARE. Total Poblio: Delaware State Hospital, Famburst DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA. Total PubUo: Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, D. C.. FLORIDA. Total PubUc: Florida Hospital for the Insane, Chattahoochee GEORGIA. Total Public: Georgia State Sanitarium, MilledgeviUe , Private: Allen's Invalid Home, MilledgeviUe IDAHO. Total Public: The Idaho Insane Asylum, Blackfoot The Northern Idaho Insane Asylum, Orotino.. INSANE IN HOSPTTALS. Enumerated on January 1, 1910. Total. 137,791 2,039 1,429 610 337 337 1,092 1,092 6,652 69S 856 1,841 1,270 1," 40 49 3 1,199 882 128 16 173 3,579 2,436 623 10 38 183 49 5 6 2 156 3 10 58 441 441 2,890 2,890 3,132 3,082 50 259 129 669 312 265 265 529 529 4,115 410 592 1,044 793 1,232 22 20 2 68; 508 72 6 101 1,680 1,135 329 237 237 2,170 2,170 446 446 1,531 1,509 22! 256 164 921 1,058 760 298 72 72 563 S63 2,637 28S 264 79: 47: 663 18 29 1 512 374 66 10 72 1,899 1,301 294 10 23 107 27 4 5 2(M 204 720 720 1,601 1,573 28 132 95 37 White. 1,320 1,320 157 157 903 903 322 330 891 745 867 28 36 2 706 479 87 14 126 2,278 1,421 411 27 163 38 5 6 1 137 3 10 47 284 264 1,565 1,665 333 333 2,122 2,073 49 228 163 03 •3 •3 a 60,644 607 607 12.5 125 177 206 475 431 519 15 14 1 383 25S 52 1,116 695 225 142 142 1,170 1,170 182 182 1,031 1,010 21 137 91 46 54,758 713 713 32 32 470 470 1,383 145 124 416 314 348 13 22 1 323 221 35 1,162 726 186 122 122 395 395 151 151 1,091 1,063 28 Foreign twm. 162 162 33 33 336 440 832 445 819 12 12 1 307 32 959 179 66 66 C68 668 47 47 31 30 1 126 126 20 20 1,847 201 315 472 302 544 7 5 202 16 32 411 87 36 36 599 699 33 33 14 13 1 1,050 135 125 3G0 143 275 105 16 548 92 > o 4,726 74 Colored. 673 63 610 10 10 151 151 368 15 57 57 72 167 655 656 979 979 28 312 8 8 72 72 322 13 52 49 54 154 36 203 203 486 486 6,489 GENERAL TABLES. 109 SUMMARY BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS. mSAHE IN HOSPITALS— continued. Admitted in 1910. Discharged. Died. Transferred to— Total. White. Colored. Institu- tions not for the insane. Other hospitals for the insane. Native. Foreign bom. Committed prior to 1910. Committed in 1910. & 1 a> 3 o •3 a 3 o 1 a 8,838 a B 3 Eh 4,587 1 2,470 4 a ■3 Eh 4 s ■3 a _; 03 ■a a 1 305 223 a & 82 3,803 1 1,896 •3 a & 1,907 1 Eh 1,501 ■3 a 923 d -3 B 578 60,769 34,116 26,653 39,629 22,190 17,439 15,523 P., 685 1,030 2,117 29.304 437 400 37 46 46 96 96 772 22 106 130 235 164 62 51 2 272 57 155 11 49 643 195 136 6 23 93 49 3 8 5 89 1 3 32 63 63 300 300 111 111 606 402 104 94 63 31 16,193 255 228 27 39 39 53 53 498 7 81 85 137 121 44 22 1 180 40 113 4 23 329 114 74 ...... 45 20 1 4 2 47 ""ii 3- 37 218 218 60 60 303 231 72 71 47 24 13,111 182 172 10 7 7 43 43 274 15 25 45 98 43 18 29 1 92 17 42 7 26 314 81 62 6 12 48 29 2 4 3 42 1 3 21 26 26 82 82 51 51 203 171 32 23 16 7 18,924 11,045 7,879 1 831 887 244 135 135 255 255 1,989 113 240 439 493 508 92 101 3 722 353 271 27 n 1,155 402 284 10 33 130 82 1? 14 118 2 4 53 127 127 597 597 325 325 1,112 995 117 203 102 101 444 325 119 104 104 152 152 1,279 54 184 267 300 356 66 52 462 233 186 13 30 593 232 147 3 15 57 38 2 7 7 59 '""26 78 78 426 426 1% 196 623 542 81 155 79 76 387 262 125 31 31 103 103 710 59 56 172 193 152 26 49 3 260 120 85, H 41 562, 170 137 7 18 73 44 4 10 7 S9 2 4 27 49 49 171 171 129 129 489 453 36 48 23 25 566 566 310 310 256 256 18 18 12 12 6 6 247 3 244 6 6 33 33 97 2 13 17 31 32 1 1 122 3 119 5 5 17 17 79 1 11 16 24 26 1 1 125 ■"i25 1 1 le 16 18 1 2 2 7 6 327 145 182 44 44 118 118 608 37 57 185 145 164 13 7 157 73 84 36 36 68 68 414 25 52 112 96 112 12 5 170 72 98 8 8 50 50 194 12 5 73 49 52 1 2 ? 1 { 4 66 66 216 216 1,118 67 123 238 300 261 50 78 1 484 218 185 20 61 755 234 175 10 24 98 44 6 16 10 90 2 3 43 79 79 357 357 144 144 701 589 112 123 68 55 55 55 130 130 675 28 92 134 182 166 34 39 308 155 121 9 23 395 133 104 3 9 45 19 2 6 4 49 ""ii 48 48 276 276 90 90 406 329 77 89 50 39 11 11 86 86 443 39 31 104 118 95 16 39 1 176 63 64 11 38 360 101 71 7 15 S3 25 4 10 6 41 2 3 22 31 31 81 81 54 54 296 260 35 34 18 16 59 59 6 6 721 42 104 178 154 195 24 22 2 187 96 74 7 10 371 161 89 40 40 5 5 486 24 81 114 86 152 17 12 133 65 57 4 7 186 96 35 19 19 1 1 235 18 23 64 68 43 7 10 2 54 31 17 3 3 185 65 54 4 4 53 2 ..... 8 20 17 1 1 ... 1 1 6 1 1 12 1 1 9 7 K 3 12 12 26 1 14 1 2 3 4 21 'i4 1 1 2 2 5 1 "i 1 2 9 in 4 4 4 4 19 n 1 1 14 2 10 ? 15 3 2 1 151 2 1 114 16 37 1 70 1 48 22 17 18 It 32 27 5 19 12 7 9 6 3 10 6 4 115 66 28 13 8 311 187 71 82 50 18 8 6 172 103 41 33 16 10 5 2 139 84 30 7 2 5 1 1 36 3 113 36 1 6 2 2 6 2 35 2 77 IS 1 5 ..... 3 1 36 18 ..... 2 1 3 2 25 6 39 73 3 4 1 7 2 9 1 1 1 33 1 23 2 23 36 2 3 1 3 1 5 "i '15 2 4 16 37 1 1 ""4 1 4 1 "i 18 1 20 21 22 23 ?4 6 3 1 1 5 2 15 2 12 14 5 8 6 1 4 9 4 4 ?S 28 07 8 31 38 6 11 19 2 20 19 ..... 1 1 9 13 11 5 8 5 4 5 6 28 2 2 29 30 1 4 28 1 3 10 ?1 1 18 1'> 12 6 6 1 1 ... 10 6 4 33 ?4 1 10 23 23 85 85 21 21 13 8 5 74 32 42 ""s 15 15 72 72 14 14 9 S 4 62 27 35 1 5 8 8 13 13 7 7 4 3 1 12 5 7 1 7 48 48 279 279 118 118 455 446 9 33 23 10 4 23 23 206 206 76 76 241 236 5 23 15 8 1 3 25 25 73 73 42 42 214 210 4 10 8 2 ^5 7 2 £ 10 5 s "^6 2 2 2 2 7 7 3 3 23 23 153 153 153 153 395 395 14 14 77 77 90 90 207 207 9 9 76 76 63 63 188 188 37 IS 4 4 4 4 ... 9 9 4 4 5 S 16 16 1 1 14 IS 15 1 1 6 1 1 8 39 40 41 41 2 2 4t 44 2 46 46 2 34 34 12 12 14 6 8 41; 3 ■■■■3 3 2 1 3 2 1 4A 47 48 110 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 1910: SUMMARY INSTirUTION. ILLINOIS. Total Public: Anna State Hospital, Anna Chester State Hospital, Menard Elgin State Hospital, Elgin Jackson. iUe State Hospital, Jacksonville Kankakee State Hospital, Kankakee Peoria State Hospital, Peoria Watertown State Hospital, Watertowu Cook County Hospital for Insane, Dunning.. Madison County Poor Farm, Edwardsville. . Private: Bellevue Place Sanitarium, Batavia Maplewood, Jac ksonville Oak La\\Ti Sanitarium, Jacksonville The Ransom Sanitarium, Rockford INDIANA. Total Public: Central Indiana Hospital for Insane, Indianapolis Eastern Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Ricnmond Northern Hospital for Insane, Logansport Southeastern Ilospital for t..e Insane, Madison The Southern Indiana Hospital for the Insane, EvansviUe. Marion County Asylum for Incurable Insane, Julietta Private: Dr. W, B. Fletcher's Sanatorium, Indianapolis Norways, Indianapolis IOWA. Total Public: Cherokee State Ilospital, Cherokee Clarinda State Ilospital, Clarinda Independence State Ilospital, Independence Mount Pleasant State Hospital, Mount Pleasant Allamakee County Home, Waukon Boone County Home and Hospital, Boone Bremer County Asylum, Waverly C«dar County Asylum, Tipton Cerro Gordo County Hospital for Insane, Mason City Clayton County Ilospital, Llkader '. Clinton County Home and Insane Asylum, Charlotte Des Moines County Asylum, Burlington Fayette County Hospital for Insane, West Union Hancock County Home, Duncan Jackson County Home and Insane Asylum, Andrew Johnson County Home, Iowa City Keokuk County Home and Asylum, Sigoumey Lee County Home and Insane Xlospital, Summitville Louisa County Home, Wapello Mahaska County Home and Insane Asylum, Oskaloosa... Marion County Home, Knoxville Marshall County Insane Hospital. Marshall town Montgomery County Home and Asvlum, Red Oak Muscatine County Asvlum, Muscatine Pocahontas County Farm and Insane Asylum, Pocahontas. Polk County Insane Hospital, Des Moines Powesliiek County Insane Asvlum, Montezuma Tama County Home and Asylum, Toledo Van Buren County Home and Hospital, Keosauqua Winneshiek County Asylum and Poorhouse, Becorab Private: Mercy Hospital, Davenport St. IJemard's Ilospital, Council Bluffs St. Joseph's Sanitarium, Dubuque The Retreat, Des Moines KANSAS. Total Public: Hospital for Epileptics, Parsons Osaw-.uomie State Hospital, Osawatomie Topeka State Hospital, Topeka Private: The Boimer Springs Lodge Sanitarium, Bonner Springs Elmwood Hospital, Leavenworth Evergreen Place Hospital, Leavenworth Grand\new Sanitarium, _van.sas City Prospect Park Hospital, Atchison KENTUCKY. Total Public: Central Kentucky Asylum for the Insane, Lakeland Eastern Kentucky Asylum for the Insane, Lexington Western Kentucky .\s'ylum for the Insane, Hopkinsville . . . Private: Beechhurst Sanitarium, Louisville Dr. Board's Sanatorium, Louisville Dr. Sprague's Sanatorium, Lexington INSANE DJ HOSPITALS. Enumerated on January 1, 1910. Total. 12,839 1,47S 215 1,384 1,440 2,549 2,107 1,412 2,174 4 31 20 16 4,527 1,815 795 978 G,846 800 215 700 736 1,340 1.' 793 1,151 724 189 21 5 5,377 887 1,054 1,161 1,020 15 29 18 10 16 49 25 53 28 21 28 24 11 19 3 12 10 36 7 21 14 117 9 20 24 23 156 209 230 18 2,912 303 1,294 1,215 15 19 14 34 18, 3,338^ 1,352' 1,063 1,0721 26' 11 14 10 8 2 2,235 820 392 506 387 116 12 2 2,8% 494 596 689 570 6 11 11 3 10 23 11 26 13 14 19 12 6 2 3 7 3 20 2 11 9 57 5 10 10 11 53 82 90 7 1,694 203 6«3 780 751 605 585 678 684 704 1,209 1,019 619 1,023 1 31 10 2,292 995 403 472 337 73 9 3 2,481 393 458 472 450 9 18 7 7 6 26 14 27 15 7 9 12 5 17 5 7 16 5 10 5 CO 4 10 14 12 103 127 140 11 1,218 100 631 435 7 10 10 15 10 601 458 487 White. Native. 6,991 1,178 91 660 1,236 1,247 782 878 849 1,380 696 750 634 119 3,840 539 766 883 753 6 17 8 4 12 34 15 43 22 7 13 14 7 10 23 6 15 6 75 7 12 20 16 95 172 206 14 2,235 257 1,019 1,066 874 795 26 11 14 3,732 626 91 334 639 662 416 460 485 637 336 376 345 10 2 2,029 293 419 520 407 2 10 4 2 7 16 2. 6 2 11 1 7 5 37 3 6 1,275 170 508 550 697 511 427 13 9 6 i 3,259 552 Foreign bom. 326 597 585 366' 418 364 1,829 743 360 374 289 53 246 347 363 346 4 7 4 2 5 18 7 24 13 2 5 7 3 10 5 5 12 6 8 1 38 4 6 11 7 57 106 125 8 87 511 318 6 7 10 13 8 1,224 469 363 368 13 2 4,103 14S 75 494 162 1,005 605 483 1,222 4 2 1 1 1 224 74 187 323 220 267 182 9 12 6 6 4 15 10 8 6 14 14 10 4 8 1 1 3 10 1 6 8 28 2 8 3 7 27 202 1 2 151 114 24 13 2,185 75 252 73 520 262 297 61: 3 89 42 109 186 133 161 112 4 I 14 16 9 1 333 22 121 a P4 1,918 58 485 243 186 610 1 2 1 135 32 781 137 87 106 70 5 11 1 5 1 5 81 100 1 1 1,378 5 218 11 288 757 14 45 150 7 39 Colored. 64 143 1 73 50 570 162 165 243 235 44 44 7 16 18 41 29 36 17 84 143 GENERAL TABLES. Ill BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued. mSANE IN HOSPITALS— continued. Admitted in 1910. Discharged. Died. Transferred to— Total. White. Colored. Institu- tions not for the insane. Other hospitals for the insane. Native. Foreign bom. II 150 7 2 1 6 65 24 "'"45 Committed prior to 1910. Committed in 1910. Eh i i 1 s B 1 si i Eh a; 81 19 6 ■"13 4 3 4 30 2 0? ■3 a 62 12 ..... 5 6 4 2 21 3 Eh .2 i B 1 Eh a a ■3 34 1 31 "3 B & 3 S Eh 40 6 .2 "3 S & 16 2 5 "3 i a 4,053 396 34 363 502 663 360 329 1,202 6 34 S3 4 77 1,270 391 152 294 123 181 42 87 2,319 224 34 188 298 353 227 175 737 6 ■■"■34 1 43 672 236 70 152 73 85 24 32 1,734 172 ""175 204 310 133 154 465 1 34 49 3 34 598 155 82 142 50 96 18 65 2,580 326 18 232 402 435 278 244 467 1 30 80 3 64 1,077 316 140 249 106 162 24 80 1,423 177 18 123 236 226 171 127 277 ■■"33 1 34 556 189 64 122 62 75 14 30 1,157 149 ■"iog 166 209 107 117 190 1 30 47 2 30 521 127 76 127 44 87 10 60 1,190 32 8 128 77 163 61 79 639 3 4 3 1 12 116 36 9 42 8 6 8 7 713 22 8 65 44 83 35 44 400 3 ..... ..... 74 23 6 29 6 4 4 2 477 10 "'ia 33 70 16 35 239 133 31 6 2 18 10 7 6 61 2 1,947 161 11 154 278 1% ISl 240 564 3 25 76 1 57 676 144 53 195 6 119 1,147 86 11 82 154 118 115 148 368 3 ""35 1 26 267 90 18 86 2 47 800 76 ""'72 124 78 66 92 196 25 41 ""ii 309 54 36 109 3 72 1,362 160 4 130 128 238 214 103 356 1 8 2 1 8 435 167 66 86 20 55 31 12 784 101 4 79 83 131 113 56 209 1 2 5 277 119 32 53 13 39 18 3 568 59 ""si 45 107 101 47 146 24 3 40 2 1 1 2 2 1 33 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 1 ""i 1 1 18 2 11 18 "'ii ^ 10 2 1 14 3 2 9 2 ..... 3 1 1 ..... 8 4 S f f 1 3 16 3 13 "3 1 ir 4 2 1 4 42 13 3 13 2 2 4 6 8 ..... 3 158 48 33 32 7 16 13 9 11 .. 1 .... 2 1 2 1 7 2 3 42 30 2 6 2 3 18 15 1 24 15 2 r ir 1 30 16 ..... 5 3 6 2 2 14 47 24 3 2 4 10 i 24 16 ..... 2 4 1 23 I 1 I 3 476 438 33 1 208 191 16 267 247 18 1 V K r u n ?f 1 2 2 1 71 60 24 36 10 3 7 r 2r 1,511 221 291 292 215 2 e 863 140 174 159 IIS 2 648 81 117 133 97 2 3 1,203 145 242 243 157 2 3 672 91 144 131 81 2 631 64 98 112 76 2 1 271 69 41 47 43 16C 44 25 27 25 105 26 16 20 18 26 6 7 1 9 12 2 1 1 6 7 1 ..... 4 5 1 1 ■"■■2 806 122 138 148 77 425 58 82 79 42 381 64 56 69 36 496 96 110 107 82 2 1 1 1 308 58 68 77 45 i 188 38 42 30 37 2 11 7 4 28 1 4 9 13 1 1 3 16 46 31 14 24 ?, 1 3 6 "2 4 1 1 1 3 6 2 3 1 1 1 2 2t 2- 1 1 7fi 2 K 1 1 31 1 1 3? X 34 8 9 1 2 3 6 1 2 5 3 5 8 5 5 3 3 1 1 1 3 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 3.1 1 1 1 i 1 1 3f 37 1 .....1 2 2 ... 3f .. . 1 2 2 2 1 3f 3 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 4f 1 1 1 1 41 3 3 4! 4.' ...... 44 4f 2 1 4 i 2 4 1 1 4 i 1 1 1 1 1 3 1 2 4f 4' 4 2 2 2 2 1 1 4f 4f 7 5 2 4 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 14 11 3 fX fil 2 3 2 I 2 1 3 1 1 2 1 1 6' 2 1 20 26 16 2 1 11 12 13 an .54 74 214 78 77 905 78 226 393 46 13 38 102 9 1,227 465 348 305 38 47 24 38 129 42 38 634 52 137 230 27 5 17 60 6 735 282 223 172 29 23 IS 30 85 36 39 371 26 89 163 19 8 21 42 3 492 183 126 133 18 24 8 63 187 74 67 730 69 190 296 43 9 31 86 6 1,006 371 286 241 37 46 24 22 114 40 33 426 45 114 170 26 6 12 60 4 602 231 184 131 19 22 16 31 73 34 34 304 24 76 126 17 4 19 36 2 403 140 102 110 18 24 9 20 27 4 10 104 6 23 61 3 15 16 2 6 64 4 15 36 1 6 12 2 5 40 1 8 26 2 1 1 38 149 51 73 441 41 117 154 29 6 13 77 4 667 267 158 153 36 33 21 19 87 24 32 250 33 64 82 16 5 6 43 2 377 159 96 80 16 13 16 19 62 27 41 191 8 53 72 13 1 8 34 2 290 108 63 73 20 20 6 9 14 3 2 1 1 2 20 4 11 48 "i9 3 4 31 2 1 1 7 17 a. 5 4 1 8 4 ..... 5 1 4 3 .■» 6' a 3 68 4 13 33 42 3 8 22 26 1 6 11 286 29 102 112 6 4 7 23 4 424 131 149 140 1 2 1 196 19 65 83 3 2 4 16 3 262 69 102 79 1 1 91 10 37 29 2 2 3 i 172 62 47 61 2 2 AT 1 1 61 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 m 1 1 fi.' 4 4 64 7 3 2 45 34 4 6 1 1 6 2 1 28 18 3 6 1 1 2 1 1 17 16 1 6 33 8 18 3 22 6 11 3 11 3 7 df 4 3 1 13 1 173 67 67 69 8 1 101 30 36 36 6 72 27 22 23 3 3 m 67 5 6 ... 27 20 15 10 12 10 m 6 5 1 ... 1 TJ 6 1 4 1 2 71 9 3 S 7 2 2 2 1 3 75 1 1 7; 74 112 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 1910: SUMMARY XNanruTioN. INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Enumerated on January 1, 1910. Total. ■ WUte. Colored. •Native. Foreign bora. 3 o 6 .2 ■3 1 4 a ■3 a a "3 St 3 "a a i 1 LOUISIANA. Total 2,158 1,362 553 243 1,258 347 911 3,220 586 946 92 438 24 215 9 6 8 20 38 47 623 29 7 102 30 11,601 777 657 1,391 1,604 333 839 586 -11 970 978 1,148 1,316 10 1 26 ^6 224 S 2 1 1 13 6,699 1,343 1,900 1,396 408 41 758 535 4 55 259 4,744 479 1,574 478 1,201 1,005 7 1,070 699 279 92 693 161 532 1,569 316 634 40 166 12 105 4 4 4 8 29 262 10 5 61 19 6,633 328 657 589 647 169 456 379 196 627 372 529 672 3 io 1 93 2 1 2 3,679 704 992 771 348 21 44S 268 3 29 95 2,755 300 898 424 629 501 3 1,088 663 274 151 565 186 379 1.651 270 412 52 272 12 110 5 2 4 12 38 18 361 19 2 51 11 5,968 449 ""802 957 164 383 207 515 443 606 619 644 7 1 16 1 6 131 3 2 1 ii 3,020 639 908 625 60 20 310 267 1 26 164 1,989 179 676 54 572 504 4 1,131 659 279 193 1,072 277 795 2, .300 451 778 69 150 17 84 5 579 373 129 77 590 130 466 1,157 243 449 34 58 10 32 2 552 286 150 116 476 147 329 1.143 208 329 35 92 7 52 3 130 67 16 47 126 57 69 476 68 145 19 84 i 68 44 10 14 66 29 37 198 35 70 6 25 8 62 23 6 33 60 28 32 278 33 75 14 59 2 1 191 ISS 3 55 11 44 31 ""23 5 706 448 258 342 202 140 364 246 118 Public: ^ Louisiana Hospital for Insane, Pineville 4 Private: Louisiana Retreat, New Orleans ^ MAINE. Total . . . 5 2 3 413 67 3 1 2 194 38 2 1 1 219 29 f, Public: Rfin ''I Mnnnf. TTnpe Retrent., Arlinfrt/in , 3 00 *>? Riggs Cottage, I jamsville.. . , ''I The Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital, Towson 6 2 4,461 301 247 479 742 68 295 245 381 383 294 492 520 3 2 1,894 86 247 166 256 28 146 138 92 196 109 178 245 2 O"! % MASSACHUSETTS. Total .... 2,567 216 ""313 480 30 149 107 289 188 185 314 275 86 1 15 6 30 6 7 11 i 3 6 223 11 38 13 33 113 1 38 3 16 110 10 ""io 17 97 Public: Boston State Hospital, Dorchester Center . ?« •>q Danvers State Hospital, Hathome. . . sn 11 T> Northampton State Hospital, Northampton 12 10 21 19 14 18 34 8 5 4 11 4 5 18 4 5 17 8 10 13 16 si ?4 State Infirmary, Tewkesbury .. . S^i Taunton State Hospital. Taunton Ifi 37 Worcester State Asylum, Worcester. SS ?0 Boumewood, Brookline 40 4 ' 3 ^0 The Highlands, Winchendon 4'? 2 17 8 2 9 44 McLean Hospital. Waverly 4*1 4H Norwood Private Hospital for Mental Diseases, Norwood Pme Terrace, Baldwinsviile 47 4S 40 10 1,785 403 653 356 30 13 72 126 22 110 860 80 233 18 289 238 2 1 2,493 459 432 536 161 11 553 260 2 6 83 2,725 303 1,046 275 571 628 2 1,410 237 231 317 129 4 331 129 1 2 29 1,635 223 607 240 294 271 1 1,083 222 201 219 22 7 222 131 1 4 54 1,090 80 439 35 277 257 2 50 MICHIGAN. Total .... 244 13 70 107 11 100 17 17 11 28 58 12 5 3 23 42 5 12 8 5 "il Public: 'pp^t'^'Ti Mt^higftTi Asylnm POTltllV* 5? M Northern Michigan .\sylum, Traverse City 54 State Asylum, Ionia 5*1 State Psychopathic Hospital, Ami Arbor 56 Upper Peninsula Hospital for the Insane, Newberry 39 3 8 19 4 11 4 8 •i? Wayne County Asylum, Eloise. 58 Private: 50 Oak'Grove Hospital, Flint fiO St. Joseph's Retreat, Dearborn 1 64 21 10 9 12 12 61 MINNESOTA. Total 32 5 4 1 14 8 24 6 4 1 8 6 8 6 2 fi? PubUc: 63 Fergus Falls State Hospital. Fergiis Falls 6-1 Hastings Stat© Asylum, Ilastings 55 66 St. Peter State Hospital, St. Peter 67 Private: St James Hospital and Sanitarium, St. James GENERAL TABLES. 113 BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued. INSAME m BoapiTALS— continued. Admitted in 1910. Discliarged. Died. Transferred to— Total. WWte. Colored. Institu- tions not for the insane. Other hospitals for the 1 insane. Native. Foreign bom. Committed prior to 1910. Committed in 1910. 1 1 4 a 1 03 0^ "3 a 3 4 a "3 a 1 Eh 4 1 "3 ■s "5 S 09 i 1 a 1 EH 1 4 1 a a 5 •a <6 a a "3 Eh 3 a 8 1 a 17 491 210 150 131 509 207 302 1,273 88 258 30 214 14 61 1 1 1 32 29 70 214 47 2 167 44 4,236 610 122 601 216 96 356 106 175 442 635 31 551 9 234 95 83 56 248 89 159 677 50 139 18 125 7 37 i 16 ■■"35 125 26 2 78 18 2,206 280 122 337 117 62 182 73 58 233 285 21 300 . 4 257 115 67 75 261 118 143 596 38 119 12 89 7 24 1 1 16 29 35 89 21 ■■"89 26 2,030 330 '■'264 99 34 174 33 117 209 350 10 251 314 129 81 104 418 170 248 981 72 230 21 91 9 19 143 67 40 46 204 72 132 529 43 129 13 63 6 12 171 72 41 58 214 98 116 452 29 101 8 28 4 7 38 11 1 28 75 29 46 158 8 27 7 52 15 4 1 10 37 16 21 82 3 10 3 30 23 7 16 38 13 25 76 5 17 4 22 14 12 1 14 8 6 4 ..... ..... 125 58 67 72 3C 42 63 28 25 216 56 97 68 212 87 125 637 29 119 10 101 3 17 105 22 87 26 118 42 76 334 19 67 4 61 2 11 111 34 40 37 94 45 49 303 10 52 6 40 1 6 186 97 49 40 166 55 111 321 50 69 11 71 3 16 95 50 24 21 83 27 56 167 24 44 8 35 2 10 91 47 25 19 83 28 56 154 26 25 5 36 1 6 45 6 39 25 1 1 1 44 33 2 31 54 6 14 2 12 27 1 38 19 ■"19 27 ^ 1 1 ... 24 6 1 5 59 1 2 2 29 7 1 ■f 27 1 1 ■ie 17 5 1 4 32 ■i 2 13 4 2 2 2 130 8 2 65 65 4 14 9 5 8 9 1 2 31 ■■'ii 1 2 13 2 70 5 42 1 1 2 32 2 25 "■38 3 17 1 1 3 8 3 3 ■■5 11 12 13 14 2 1 1 .. . — 1 29 29 62 178 45 2 150 43 2,409 293 62 350 il6 78 211 65 65 233 418 19 259 9 1 14 ■■■■29 108 24 2 69 17 1,291 146 62 205 72 49 114 44 25 115 188 13 143 4 1 1 1 1 15 29 33 70 21 2 1 1 1 18 20 57 80 24 11 "■'si 34 14 7 20 26 46 10 4 3 9 58 5 2 6 25 1 2 3 3 33 4 1 1 18 1 3 ""2 1 1 19 8 35 2 6 17 2 2 18 1 1 1 1 1 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 ?1 1 1 1 12 3 440 71 1 42 4 1 4 2 240 40 1 3 2 81 26 1,11s 147 "■{45 44 29 97 21 40 118 230 6 116 6 16 1 1,714 293 49 244 89 18 140 35 107 186 208 11 279 9 1 856 127 49 128 42 13 65 26 33 106 90 7 149 7 1 1 121 38 1,912 314 39 301 23 14 170 5 43 209 378 7 180 5 58 22 937 144 39 171 11 9 83 3 11 11" 157 2 85 3 63 16 975 170 ■"iso 12 5 87 2 32 92 221 5 95 2 14 6 1,151 156 26 196 79 27 94 10 86 127 114 50 158 1 9 2 632 65 26 121 33 16 60 36 73 65 27 100 5 4 519 91 1 1 8 1 200 31 ■■■39 2 17 4 121 13 3 14 2 "7 49 3 3 3 2 10 4 72 10 "ii 858 166 15 3 98 21 11 5 9 52 5 11 2 3 46 16 ■■■■3 6 47 35 12 110 47 5 75 9 74 SO 118 4 130 2 2 75 46 11 34 3 50 54 59 23 58 1 1 1 ■""3 1 ""2 4 5 3 20 8 1 11 3 3 ..... 7 1 8 1 2 3 11 1 "■■3 73 25 2 63 78 4 56 59 16 "■36 31 2 48 14 9 2 33 47 2 8 11 1 8 13 10 2 24 1 7 ■"i 8 4 ■is "4 1 7 7 6 2 9 1 ?*' ?? 35 2 6 3 35 "2 8 3 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 37 14 23 28 8 20 9 6 3 28 1 15 13 1 8 4 4 1 .... 1 8 1 2 1 4 3 1 2 154 50 3 67 13 1 87 37 2 123 39 3 59 10 1 64 29 2 31 11 8 3 23 8 126 40 2 56 9 1 70 31 1 13 2 6 8 2 12 5 7 9 7 4 5 7 46 36 6 1,974 356 497 308 45 128 190 211 2 89 148 1,425 88 535 80 402 300 20 35 2 1,111 199 264 168 43 66 130 127 ■■■■54 60 866 16 355 80 221 186 8 1 4 863 157 233 140 2 62 60 84 2 35 88 559 72 180 "■isi 114 12 32 6 1,321 244 369 222 32 110 69 93 1 75 106 671 8 228 26 232 164 13 31 2 737 131 204 121 31 57 45 67 ■■"43 48 405 '■'139 26 131 103 6 i 4 584 113 165 101 1 53 24 36 1 32 58 266 8 89 ■'■ioi 61 7 4 4 21 6 1,108 171 266 176 10 98 89 95 2 87 114 722 5 294 20 1 593 97 127 86 9 50 54 63 ""54 53 429 3 196 i 5 515 74 139 90 1 48 35 32 2 33 61 293 2 98 1 699 164 212 144 10 9 54 69 3 1 431 101 132 85 7 6 41 41 48 2 53 2 3 34 2 3 2 19 49 50 ■iT 591 109 100 73 9 17 119 111 n 41 681 23 302 53 I6S 128 7 338 66 47 40 8 8 83 65 ■■■■9 12 449 16 211 53 89 78 2 253 43 53 33 1 9 38 46 1 2 29 232 7 91 ■■■79 60 6 42 1 23 9 2 1 1 1 20 2 6 4 2 14 1 4 2 2 8 1 1 2 268 63 80 59 3 3 13 28 7 6 1 78 50 28 2 2 1 6 "e 1 SI ■14 21 2 16 1 4 4 166 9 2 11 ■■"3 4 94 12 ■■5 1 1 72 52 1 10 2S 1 10 24 55 1 6 1 4 ■■""2 S6 S7 58 59 60 61 6'' 3 1 65, 57 3 1 ..... 10 27 385 22 137 22 117 : 7 11 251 12 103 21 59 54 2 3 16 134 10 34 1 58 31 6 7 10 4 5 4 2 2 6 8 6 2 1 1 2 2 80 52 65 15 S2 3 5 3 ■■5 6? 64 65 2 4 1 3 1 1 232 179 12 125 101 4 107 78 8 32 2 28 1 i 1 1 1 1 I 66 67 1 1 27622°— 14 8 114 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 1910: SUMMARY INSTITUTION. 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 MISSISSIPPI. Total Public: East Mississippi Insane Hospital, Meridian.. State Insane Hospital, Jackson MISSOUKI. Total Public: State Hospital Number 1, Fulton State Hospital Number 2, St. Joseph State Hospital Number 3, Nevada State Hospital Number 4, Farmington Marion County Infirmary, Palmyra St. C'harles County Asylum, St. Charles St. Louis City Insane Asylum, St. Louis St. Louis Poorhouse, St. "Louis Private: Alexian Brothers Hospital, St. Louis The Burnett Private Sanitarium, Kansas City Dr. C. R. Woodson's Sanitarium, St. Joseph Ponton Sanitarium, Kansas City The St. Vincent's Institution for the Insane, St. Louis. MONTANA. Total Pablic: Montana State Hospital for the Insane, Warm Springs. NEBRASKA. Total Public: Nebraska Hospital for the Insane, Asylum Nebraska State Hospital. Ingleside Norfolk State Hospital, Norfolk NEV.VDA. Total Public: Nevada Hospital lor Mental Diseases, Reno NEW HAMPSHIRE. Total Public: New Hampsliire State Hospital, Concord Rockingham County Farm, Epping Private: HigUand Spring Sanatorium, Nashua NEW JERSEY. Total Public: The New Jersey State Hospital, Greystone Park New Jersey State Hospital, Trenton .^tlantic County Asylum for Insane, Smiths Landing Burlington County Hospital for the Insane, New Lisbon. . . Camden County Hospital for the Insane, Grenloch Cumberland Coimty Hospital for Insane, Bridseton Essex County Hospital for the Insane, Cedar Grove Gloucester County Almshouse and Asylum, Clarksboro. . . . Hudson Coimty Hospital for the Insane, Secaucus Passaic County Insane Asylum, Paterson Salem County Almshouse, Woodstown Private: Bancroft Health Resort, Butler Dr. Luther's Private Sanitarium, South Orange Riverlawn Sanitorium, Paterson The Wadsworth Sanitarium, Maplewood NEW MEXICO. Total Public: New Mexico Insane Asylum, East Las Vegas NEW YORE. Total PubUc: Binghamton State Hospital. Binghamton Buflalo State Hospital, Buflalo Central Islip State Hospital, Central Islip Dannemora State H' spital, Dannemora Gowanda State Homeopathic Hospital, Gowanda Hudson River State Hospital, Pougtikeepsie Kings Park State Hospital, Kings Park Long Island State Hos]3ital, Brooklyn Manhattan State Hospital, New York Matteawan State Hospital, Fishkill on Hudson Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital, Middietown Mohansic State Hospital, Vorktown Rochester State Hospital, Rochester St. Lawrence State Hospital, Ogdensborg Utica State Hospital, Ulica WiUard State Hospital. Willard INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Enumerated on January 1, 1910. Total. 1,978 536 1,442 e,168 1,104 1,341 1,191 586 5 25 693 737 92 40 27 26 301 697 569 1,146 275 230 230 909 876 28 6,042 2,056 1,342 90 164 237 138 1,2' 7 668 41 9 3 2 6 2 219 219 31,280 2,282 1,912 3,994 369 995 2,93' 3,11' 764 4,400 763 1,764 1,320 1,844 1,369 2,321 933 262 671 3,231 612 714 639 309 2 11 411 294 92 24 18 13 92 531 531 1,141 214 774 153 165 165 463 459 3 2,913 1,049 687 33 74 121 65 571 3 290 12 3 128 128 14,955 1,365 848 2,459 369 544 1,275 1,242 311 1,794 629 598 521 821 657 1, 130' 1,045 274 771 2,937 492 627 552 277 3 14 282 443 16 9 13 209 166 166 355 372 122 417 25 3,129 1,007 655 57 90 116 73 706 4 378 29 6 3 2 1 2 91 91 16,325 917 1,064 1,535 451 1,662 1,875 453 2,606 134 1,166 799 1,023 712 1,191 White. Native. 1,112 526 586 4,550 713 1,044 1,081 500 4 13 437 385 67 40 24 25 217 285 285 1,145 336 629 180 92 92 611 25 3,542 1,147 872 62 133 161 101 695 7 344 15 4 2 5 2 170 170 16,701 1,414 1,023 1,504 176 SIS 1,790 1,53' 423 1,685 352 1,158 761 1,189 965 1,329 253 264 2,414 363 571 594 268 2 6 261 162 6: 24 15 13 68 207 207 634 119 415 100 64 64 321 317 3 1,814 605 445 19 59 85 47 362 3 179 5 1 96 % 8,455 • 790 496 989 176 262 875 735 207 801 297 478 325 575 473 673 s SI 595 273 322 2,136 350 473 487 232 2 7 176 223 12 149 217 214 28 321 294 23 1,728 542 427 33 74 76 54 333 4 165 10 3 2 2 1 2 74 74 624 527 515 256 915 802 216 884 55 680 436 614 492 656 Foreign bom. 37 1,060 123 148 86 79 6 215 290 84 361 361 732 202 440 90 111 111 236 234 2 373 27 22 41 5 512 317 26 2 33 33 13,481 697 846 2,330 153 440 1,075 1,492 332 2,623 360 532 528 583 380 27 487 59 75 38 2 122 101 25 "■■3 "'24 283 283 79 303 51 81 81 121 121 914 389 176 10 12 19 109 7 1 25 25 5,913 454 333 1,360 153 259 375 •a a 573 64 73 48 41 4 93 189 78 78 299 123 137 39 30 30 115 113 2 1,251 419 197 17 10 22 2 355 208 19 1 8 8 7,568 243 513 970 181 700 479 1,013 101 953 231 1,670 62 427 186 342 222 361 170; 210 141 64 24 7 99 Colored. 823 312 127 85 236 67 85 11 23 7 7 743 75 23 133 37 28 51 83 9 90 41 54 387 13 13 6 6 128 32 58 4 3 12 3 13 2 2 381 51 13 86 37 18 20 26 3 38 27 13 GENERAL TABLES. 115 BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued. rasANE IN HOSPITALS— continued. 1 Admitted in 1910. Discharged. Died. Transferred to — ToU!. White. Colored. Institu- tions not for the insane. Other hospitals for the insane. Native. Foreign bom. > "3 a Committed prior to 1910. Committed in 1910. 1 1 i 1 i •3 a 1 i % .- Committed prior to 1910. Committed in 1910. "3 1 .2 s 3 .2 i •3 1 1 .2 1 1 •3 S 1 1 ca "3 1 1 "3 B P 1 6 1 1 1 03 1 a .2 a "3 aj a 2 ""2 1 4 "3 a 4 1 "2 122 10 51 4 91 2 3 60 6 26 3 30 3 62 4 25 1 61 2 97 5 45 3 47 2 2 49 3 22 2 16 2 48 2 23 1 31 2 25 5 4 1 44 U 3 I 14 14 2 1 73 2 39 1 71 4 3 29 1 20 1 25 2 44 1 19 26 2 9 18 2 3 s 6 4 ■■■■5 3 1 1 6 1 2 1 6 1 2 6 •^ 4 30 46 4 1 8 3 5 2 2 ■i f 1 1 1 f 6 10 6 17 39 65 66 140 3 1 "■"io 19 26 19 63 3 9 6 7 20 29 37 77 5 9 5 16 33 44 39 86 2 1 9 IS 21 13 42 3 8 5 7 15 23 26 44 1 1 1 1 5 11 17 54 1 ..... 1 5 6 21 ... 2 6 1 3 1 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 8 4 11 2 ••••j 2 3 1 4 ..... 1 ..... 3 7 1 1 1 1 n East Noeth Centeal: Ohio ■>) no Illinois 'I ''4 Wismnsin ''S West Nokth Centeal: Mjnnp.^nt.^, ?6 ■T Missouri 9S oq South Dakota in Nebraska 11 K'anifi.s... 1*' SoTTTH Atlantic: Delaware 33 14 District of Colombia 3-1 Virginia 3fi West Virginia 37 38 Rnnth Carnlin;^ 39 Georgia 40 Florida 41 East South Centeal: 4' Tennessee. 43 44 Alabama Miwis-sippi 4'i West South Central: Arknn<;a? New Mexico 'i4 IS Utah ifi •lY PAcmc: Washington . ■iS 59 California GENERAL TABLES. BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. 125 INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910 — Continued. White — Continued. Native — Continued. Fore-'gn or mixed parentage. Total. 28, 186 4,264 10,820 6,712 3,713 882 291 366 192 940 84 112 2,828 314 S40 7,675 1,0S2 2,069 994 233 2.0S5 1,296 2,101 1,039 1,374 844 68 85 42 261 75 365 375 5 36 7 202 29 60 49 151 20 146 305 152 483 Male. 15,415 2,373 5,629 3,706 2,041 561 149 193 130 508 46 43 65 1,017 172 430 3,945 586 1,098 588 129 1,178 712 1,159 552 742 460 41 65 23 168 34 200 298 4 17 3 108 11 30 174 103 291 Female. 12, 771 1,891 5,197 2,940 1,C72 321 142 168 62 372 40 41 47 1,211 142 410 3,730 496 971 406 104 907 584 945 487 632 384 27 30 19 93 41 165 77 1 19 4 60 131 49 192 Parentage unknown. Total. 19,685 1,007 4,340 5,795 3,027 1,962 149 917 526 1,962 617 75 93 1,578 238 2,524 1,799 1,414 1,517 850 215 270 487 1,557 79 12 474 148 62 114 29 27 478 ,185 1 109 5 23 567 298 29 229 62 13 87 17 41 4 73 234 229 1,499 Male. 9,991 552 2.325 2,913 1,505 765 81 483 344 1,023 47 19 56 342 38 SO 843 130 1,352 929 717 742 412 113 156 261 742 40 8 188 104 31 20 20 5 209 454 1 10 299 166 168 45 10 26 9 33 3 SO 137 110 776 Fe- male. 455 2,015 2,882 1,522 1,197 68 434 182 939 35 23 42 275 37 43 735 108 1,172 870 697 775 438 102 114 226 815 33 4 286 44 31 94 9 22 269 731 48 13 268 132 21 97 119 723 Foreign bom. Total. 54,096 6,639 19,872 12,151 7,133 1,475 282 720 1,422 4,402 126 236 176 4,461 431 1,209 13,481 2,165 4,226 1,893 567 4,103 2,493 3,095 2,725 1,320 1,060 407 305 732 524 66 476 668 70 103 9 5 31 47 151 48 46 37 33 130 479 361 150 65 385 33 162 155 111 914 591 2,897 Male. [Female. 28,415 25,681 2,911 9,065 6,750 4,125 1,001 169 439 993 2,962 3,728 10, 807 401 3,008 474 113 281 429 1,440 66 { 121 109 1,894 204 517 5,913 914 2,238 1,003 291 2,185 1,410 1,861 1,635 734 487 263 240 433 333 36 198 599 47 20 68 56 295 283 109 45 250 25 126 74 81 670 445 1,847 60 115 67 2,567 227 692 7,568 1,251 1,988 890 276 1,918 1,083 1,234 1,090 586 673 144 125 299 191 30 278 69 23 34 6 3 17 14 13 62 22 184 78 41 20 135 8 36 81 30 244 146 1,050 Nativity unkno^m. Total. 4,726 218 749 2,104 595 355 41 269 142 253 29 355 99 295 189 228 1,378 244 65 64 144 246 25 15 91 10 23 31 2 7 207 3 2 80 5 191 38 35 36 51 166 Male. 2,558 115 412 1,061 361 213 15 121 89 171 206 57 149 91 104 694 134 38 33 92 139 18 13 61 6 10 20 2 S 144 2 Fe- male. 2,168 30 30 33 108 103 337 1,(M3 234 142 26 148 53 82 149 42 146 124 684 110 27 31 62 107 7 2 30 6 1 110 19 18 Negro. Total. 314 1,520 970 579 5,308 2,537 1,531 57 94 3 6 7 207 30 61 701 236 583 369 131 361 87 22 29 73 311 4 2 21 139 413 648 1,340 109 694 &19 979 388 570 472 673 822 151 705 128 547 Male. 6,536 159 782 570 346 2,617 1,229 742 32 69 2 5 2 101 15 34 347 128 307 210 58 230 52 10 21 41 190 4 1 12 77 49 194 392 637 54 274 329 486 202 315 188 340 386 72 341 62 267 Fe- male. 6,374 155 738 400 233 2,691 1,308 789 25 35 1 1 5 106 15 27 354 108 276 159 63 131 35 12 32 121 39 219 256 703 65 420 320 493 186 255 284 79 364 66 280 7 4 3 1 16 15 1 2 1 1 2 4 Indian. Total. Male. 90 Fe- male 28 Other colored. Total. 491 2 32 33 345 17 40 288 Male. 13 35 9 5 8 1 22 28 331 10 40 275 Fe- male. 1 10 10 126 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 4.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, 10 PmSION OR STATE. United States... Geographic divisions: New Ensjland Middle Atlantic East North Central.. West North Central. South A tlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Peimsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa t Mis,souri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon CaUfomia INS.iNE admitted TO HOSPIT.ILS IN 1910. Total. 60,769 6,9«0 14,609 13.191 7, 459 6,725 3,685 2,96.S 1,623 3,463 509 326 270 4,236 490 1,155 8,530 1,640 4,499 3,336 1,270 4,053 1,974 2,558 1,425 1,511 2,779 224 204 411 905 127 1,273 597 1,234 495 916 646 1,112 325 1,227 932 831 695 255 491 743 1,479 278 203 42 722 84 135 103 £6 884 590 1,989 Male. 34,116 3.632 7,866 7,548 4,180 3,730 2,069 1,622 1,134 2,335 248 168 150 2,206 267 593 4,461 878 2,527 1,932 672 2,319 1,111 1,514 866 863 1,403 142 129 243 534 78 677 426 691 266 435 338 623 196 735 612 444 378 152 234 440 796 212 155 30 462 60 104 66 45 609 447 1,279 Female. 26,653 3,354 6,803 5,643 3,279 2,995 1,616 1,346 489 1,128 261 158 120 2,030 223 562 4,069 762 1,972 1,404 598 1,734 863 1,044 659 648 1,376 82 75 168 371 49 596 171 643 229 481 308 489 129 492 420 387 317 103 257 303 683 66 48 12 260 24 31 37 11 275 143 710 White. Total. Total. 56, 182 6,862 14,209 12,867 7,180 4,820 2,732 2,609 1,577 3.326 507 326 268 4,1.38 482 1,141 8,325 1,672 4,312 3,222 1,223 3,920 1,954 2,548 1,417 1,499 2,602 219 198 408 837 104 1,143 444 7S1 463 6S0 316 717 172 1,054 676 584 418 222 366 682 1,339 273 200 40 703 81 129 102 49 854 580 1,892 Male. 31,646 3,566 7,621 7,347 4.021 2,731 1,599 1,430 1.106 2,222 246 168 148 2,154 262 588 4,352 842 2,427 1,858 648 2,238 1,097 1,506 860 856 1,308 140 126 242 492 64 612 349 460 246 324 164 416 106 634 398 322 245 135 162 404 729 210 152 28 463 59 99 66 39 585 437 1,200 Female. 24,636 3,296 0.588 5, 520 3, 156 2,0S9 1,133 1,179 471 1,104 261 158 120 ,984 320 563 3,973 730 1,885 1,364 575 1,682 857 1,042 557 643 1,294 79 72 166 345 40 531 95 331 217 356 152 301 66 420 278 262 173 87 204 278 610 63 48 12 250 22 30 36 10 143 692 Total. Total. 4,369 8,687 9,203 5,070 4,417 2,637 2,321 1,006 1,919 41S 237 230 2,409 320 755 4,672 1,026 2,989 2,601 1,077 2,680 1,321 1,624 671 1,203 1,961 89 124 292 730 79 981 357 759 411 670 315 701 144 1,005 658 566 408 216 314 612 1,179 138 123 24 484 66 66 73 32 448 353 1,118 Male. 22,190 2,315 4,758 5,113 2,828 2,478 1,534 1,260 686 1,218 204 124 126 1,291 175 395 2,604 564 1,690 1,488 556 1,423 737 405 672 1,017 60 76 172 426 48 529 276 436 211 319 163 406 90 602 384 310 238 130 143 367 630 16 308 47 55 44 23 257 675 Female. 17,439 2,054 3,929 4,090 2,242 1,939 1,103 1,061 320 701 214 113 104 1,118 145 360 2,168 462 1,299 1.113 521 1,157 684 715 266 531 944 29 48 120 304 31 452 81 323 200 351 152 295 54 403 274 256 170 86 171 255 649 34 34 8 176 19 11 29 9 162 96 443 Native parentage. Total. 24,534 2,609 4,708 6,216 2,826 3,471 2,284 1,978 568 876 379 189 174 1,266 176 436 2,210 652 1,946 1,864 810 1,317 691 533 193 664 1,190 25 76 81 597 72 702 276 746 195 334 315 687 144 688 636 556 404 206 127 528 1,117 48 62 17 288 58 44 33 18 252 138 486 Male. 1,337 2,606 2,889 1,605 1,994 1,326 1,084 392 559 636 97 226 1,221 312 1,073 1,067 407 718 383 324 119 3S5 636 14 45 66 350 44 400 213 429 109 162 163 394 90 415 371 306 236 122 65 301 596 35 47 13 187 42 38 19 11 162 101 296 Female. 10, 742 1,272 2,102 2,326 1,221 1,477 958 894 176 316 196 91 76 621 78 210 989 240 873 807 403 699 308 209 74 279 654 11 31 25 247 302 63 317 86 182 152 293 54 273 265 251 169 84 62 227 621 13 15 4 101 16 6 14 7 90 37 189 GENERAL TABLES. NATIVITY, PAEEKTAGE, AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. 127 INSANE ADMITTED TC HOSPITALS IN 1910— continued. White— Continued. Negro. Indian. Other colored. Native— CJontinued. Foreign born. Nativity unknown. Foreign or mixed parentage. Parentage unknown. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. 10,685 5,996 4,689 4,410 2,402 2,008 15,523 8,838 6,685 1,030 618 412 4,384 2,304 2,0S0 51 32 19 152 134 18 1,523 3,472 3,077 1,560 215 84 91 166 497 852 1,861 1,738 862 126 57 51 117 332 671 1,611 1,339 698 89 27 40 49 165 237 607 911 684 731 269 262 272 547 126 291 486 301 .358 151 125 177 327 111 216 425 323 373 118 127 95 220 2,43s 6,433 3,365 1,790 352 85 230 515 1,315 1,225 2,809 2,035 1,026 227 55 140 388 933 1,213 2,624 1,330 764 125 30 90 127 382 55 89 299 320 51 10 58 56 92 26 54 199 170 26 10 30 32 71 29 35 100 150 25 "'28' 24 21 102 439 304 260 1,900 950 343 29 57 53 227 186 142 995 468 179 16 38 49 212 118 lis 905 482 164 13 19 22 17 11 7 4 3 7 9 72 13 17 ^? 3 2 6 8 68 9 ...... ...... 1 1 1 4 4 9 12 1 1 5 7 1 3 4 5 9 8 8 7 4 7 2 4 1 1 27 35 47 996 124 294 2,371 326 775 592 111 829 531 1,014 446 480 424 45 43 25 97 6 151 38 4 1 3 17 18 24 669 66 158 1,232 1S3 446 356 55 480 300 547 268 264 198 31 29 20 52 3 75 32 3 1 1 10 17 23 427 58 136 1,139 143 329 236 56 349 231 467 178 216 226 14 14 5 45 3 76 6 1 2 12 13 9 157 21 25 91 148 268 145 156 434 99 77 32 59 347 19 5 186 36 1 128 43 9 215 333 4 8 4 87 12 11 51 69 171 75 94 225 54 38 18 23 183 15 2 % 24 1 54 31 4 101 166 8 5 5 70 9 14 40 79 97 70 62 209 45 39 14 36 164 4 3 90 12 74' 12 5 114 167 75 82 36 1,714 160 371 3,638 529 1,266 574 116 1,190 591 894 681 271 436 124 72 102 104 23 158 85 16 27 8 1 13 21 45 14 18 8 6 38 37 149 124 74 15 187 13 59 29 14 395 199 721 37 40 21 856 85 186 1,837 268 704 336 74 713 338 574 449 166 162 75 48 62 64 IS 82 72 9 20 6 1 9 14 28 10 12 5 5 15 26 94 97 62 11 133 10 40 22 13 288 159 486 38 42 15 858 75 185 1,801 261 562 238 42 477 253 320 232 105 274 49 24 40 40 8 76 13 7 7 3 14 7 2 15 2 15 15 17 57 47 30 150 42 30 65 25 205 6 2 14 3 2 4 2 6 25 2 5 4 1 7 2 7 11 10 33 34 18 102 22 23 6 18 129 5 2 8 2 1 1 1 5 15 9 3 1 8 ....„ 4 7 24 13 12 48 20 7 59 7 76 1 1 1 3 1 1 10 2 2 2 1 1 2 78 8 12 189 67 183 110 47 127 16 4 5 11 175 3 1 2 63 23 129 150 453 32 236 330 394 153 173 256 247 274 33 125 48 137 4 1 2 40 5 4 96 35 96 71 24 75 12 4 4 6 94 i" 37 14 65 74 241 20 111 174 206 90 101 114 122 131 17 72 26 64 2 1 1 38 3 8 93 32 87 39 23 52 4 1 5 81 3 1 1 26 9 64 76 212 12 125 156 188 63 72 142 125 143 16 53 22 73 2 20 12 8 1 1 2 12 1 4 4 1 12 1 4 3 1 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 fi ? 6 6 ■> 4 5 2 2 3 1 2 2 1 ? 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 ? 1 2 5 1 1 ""2 3 ...... 1 2 ? 2 1 ?■ 1 4 4 3 1 2 ""2 1 3 1 1 3 1 1 3 •^ 12 11 1 2 1 1 4 7 17 4 6 3 1 23 U 55 27 12 4 54 3 19 7 1 107 40 235 3 7 4 4 1 2 4 4 2 5 1 1 1 66 8 10 46 6 5 20 2 5 251 14 141 7 110 7 4 4 4 4 3 150 62 37 53 54 2 138 8 6 2 9 40 117 390 3 2 63 40 20 44 38 1 76 5 4 1 9 29 84 214 1 1 87 22 17 9 16 1 63 3 2 1 11 33 176 2 2 3 2 1 4 7 37 22 25 37 7 5 58 6 16 16 14 25 4 2 46 1 22 6 11 12 3 3 12 4 14 33 11 11 3 1 32 2 4 4 21 5 I 1 12 2 4 10 12 6 2 2 4 9 7 2 4 3 3 3 1 4 4 1 1 4 2 2 » 2 2 ,>> 20 17 2 4 8 1 3 9 1 1 2 I 1 1 1 1 7 "2 6 1 1) 16 38 S 156 98 243 13 24 3 95 72 165 3 14 2 61 26 78 fV 1 1 1 ■i 3 11 28 53 3 11 21 39 ...... 14 1 11 2 44 1 7 2 29 4 5 12 8 52 5 11 8 49 1 ""3 S( 5 15 1 1 5 128 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 5.— FOREIGN-BORN WHITE INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. DIVISION OE STATE. United States... GEOGKApmc divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. West South Central. Mountain Paciflc New England: Maine New Hampsliire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Indiana Iliinjis Michigan Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas SotnH Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington Oregon CalUomia foreign-born white insane enumerated in hospitals on JANUARY 1, 1910. 54,096 6,639 19,872 12,151 7,133 1,475 282 720 1,422 4,402 126 236 176 4,401 431 1,209 13,481 2,165 4,226 1,893 567 4,103 2,493 3,095 2,725 1,320 1,060 407 365 732 524 66 476 668 70 103 9 5 31 47 151 48 46 37 33 130 78 479 361 150 65 385 33 162 155 111 914 591 2,S97 Number bom in- Austria- Hun- gary. 3,477 118 1,574 890 431 84 10 96 96 178 945 159 470 231 19 370 6S 202 129 83 54 23 17 42 23 113 Canada. English. French 2,777 799 4C4 844 273 37 2 U 87 260 42 41 48 591 55 22 406 14 44 61 17 138 503 135 118 39 23 42 11 13 27 46 128 England and Wales. 972 548 120 151 20 76 34 363 17 38 HI 3 6 3,706 603 1,384 688 323 139 11 39 159 360 5 21 16 406 60 95 773 188 423 133 34 223 191 107 81 56 223 France. 44 210 88 45 20 7 26 17 157 162 14 34 16 16 125 Ger- many. 13,517 411 4,792 4,291 2,129 449 116 223 208 5 7 201 16 182 3,245 591 956 836 310 1,273 559 1,313 665 515 494 45 65 277 168 19 193 168 17 34 4 1 6 7 34 19 164 135 128 635 Ireland. 13,174 2,890 6,630 1,411 693 409 76 75 229 761 33 5S 36 2,051 186 520 4,703 689 1,238 319 79 601 230 182 177 134 241 11 22 57 51 21 139 209 8 14 1 2 Italy. 1,829 Norway, Sweden, and Den- mark. 6,442 200 1,045 159 45 42 8 33 63 234 4 2 11 128 13 42 137 219 10 25 17 192 305 658 1,953 2,465 59 12 44 278 668 6 9 6 179 18 87 465 59 134 37 31 812 303 770 1,364 369 38 225 173 185 111 270 105 293 Poland 1,312 112 601 436 62 321 54 226 44 12 171 110 99 10 Russia. 3,121 275 1,514 583 292 97 19 25 57 259 5 3 198 15 48 126 300 11 192 205 97 135 17 29 27 34 24 26 83 67 109 Scot^ land. 849 144 308 134 66 26 5 14 47 105 170 48 90 Switz- erland. 752 199 210 108 24 11 12 36 126 129 38 32 GENERAL TABLES. 129 Table 6.— FOREIGN-BORN WHITE INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. ' FOKEIGN-BOEN WHITE INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. DIVISION OR STATE. Total. Number bom in — Austria- Hun- gary. Canada. England and Wales. France. Ger- many. Ireland. Italy. Norway, Sweden, and Den- mark. Poland. Russia. Scot- land. Switz- erland. Other English. French. tries. 15,523 1,402 1,030 266 1,148 146 3,105 2,833 863 1,587 429 1,518 297 196 703 Geographic divisions: 2,438 5,433 3,365 1,790 352 85 230 515 1.315 74 710 325 110 29 3 22 47 82 376 156 236 96 13 1 5 34 113 172 20 35 22 2 i' 7 7 232 399 221 85 37 6 13 42 113 16 46 31 8 5 4 8 1 27 122 999 1,054 491 95 27 60 66 191 778 1,229 330 181 61 13 23 75 143 107 512 78 16 16 3 11 38 82 120 186 4.39 506 11 3 8 72 242 .=6 159 141 32 16 2 3 2 IS 209 724 262 130 36 9 7 33 108 73 89 49 24 4 3 4 24 27 4 45 51 43 1 3 1 9 39 99 Middle Atlantic 159 1' ast Kort li L entral 113 46 South Atlantic 26 Fast South Central 8 64 Mountain Pacific 65 123 New England: 75 82 36 1,714 160 371 3,638 529 1,266 574 116 1,190 591 894 681 271 436 124 72 102 104 23 158 85 16 27 8 1 13 21 45 14 IS 8 6 38 37 149 124 74 15 187 13 59 29 14 395 199 721 26 20 14 278 30 8 137 6 13 21 6 45 116 48 48 13 7 16 3 5 4 1 3 4 2 1 1 19 19 3 119 1 11 19 i" 2' 3 18 12 15 4' 1 i' 1 i' 1 3 7 3 165 28 26 211 56 132 55 12 73 51 30 17 8 28 6 2 8 16 3 11 7 5 3 2 i" 1 10 3 1 33 3 10 6 3 8 8 6 2 6 2" 1 i i' 3 i 1 2 1 59 9 50 694 104 201 222 41 308 120 363 115 94 191 15 18 31 27 3 50 22 2 10 4 s 19 6 592 46 107 842 130 257 73 14 155 53 35 31 29 98 3 4 9 4 28 24 1 3 4 2 60 10 28 349 47 116 18 3 48 5 4 5 2 7 i' 1 7 4 3 3 i' 1 43 ii' 89 18 52 12 7 64 32 26 16 7' 3 2 2 2 2 10 3 7 2 3 145 4 43 524 47 153 29 5 99 69 60 69 8 23 20 5 3 2 1 23 6 1 2 3 1 1 55 7 6 55 10 24 11 1 15 15 7 3 S 8 2 1 1 4 i' 1 1 1 1 22 4 47 402 68 240 95 11 122 12 85 32 12 29 8 4 18 7 1 14 7 3 3 87 7 18 140 17 29 10 3 200 42 184 313 73 11 44 27 20 IS 3 24 10 11 10 3 16 5 17 8 7 13 2 3 2 8 1 76 11 Connecticut 10 Middle Atlantic; 119 Kew Jersev 13 27 East Xorth Central: 12 InHimia 5 34 45 17 West North Central: 9 Iowa 18 4 4 South Dakota. 3 3 'K'prTs^'i 5 South Atlantic: Marvland 4 6 7 4 1 1 1 West Virginia. 4 1 2 1 1 1 1 5 2 2 2 2 2 15 9 1 2 3 6 11 40 18 14 1 23 1 3 3 1 54 32 105 1 3 8 2 1 6 1 4 1 3 1 7 East South Central: Kentuclcv 1 1 1 1 3 2 1 2 1 i' Alabama. . 3 2 1 7 4 U 22 8 2 1 1 2 5 Mississippi 1 1 3 4 1) 13 5 6 15 1 West South Central: 1 3 1 12 6 i' 3" 2 5 6 9 4 1 21 1 1 5 6 1 1 i' 6 1 4 J 3 1 2 1 9 5 63 1 2 1 6 4 i' 4' 6 nHfthnma, , . 2 4 14 4 2 11 4 Texas 8 24 9 2 24 3 2 54 Moi-NTAtN: Mnntiina 1 7 1 Colorado . S 1 4 3 37 2 3 2 1 34 17 92 5 2 16 5 Arizona 4 4 7 5 1 115 42 85 2 4 4 1 7 6 14 2 1 4 8 27 29 Utah 2 3 43 18 52 I 5 2' 4 PACmc: Washington Oregon California 31 12 39 35 20 58 5 5 17 6 2 10 35 25 48 12 7 104 27622°— 14- 130 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 7.— INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE AT ENUMERATION, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUAKT 1, 1910. DinSION OK STATE. Total. Age at enumeration. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 39 years. 40 to 44 years. 45 to 49 years. 50 to 54 years. 56 to 59 years. 60 to 64 years. 65 years and oyer. Age un- known. 187,791 341 2,312 7,801 14,083 19,091 22,856 23,321 22,874 20,885 16,383 12,729 21,881 3,234 Geographic divisions: 19,580 52,380 41,246 22,683 19,952 9,7.59 8,413 3,574 10,204 36 53 17 27 111 28 51 14 4 272 534 321 206 462 210 185 49 73 773 1,984 1,383 860 1,230 571 501 145 354 1,378 3,735 2,660 1,570 1,970 965 841 250 714 1,931 5,192 3,891 2,315 2,236 1,130 1,014 330 1,052 2,346 6,276 5,005 2,748 2,513 1,179 1,137 437 1,215 2,382 6,674 5,205 2,898. 2,238 1,110 1,047 440 1,327 2,394 6,565 5,267 2,873 2,056 1,039 941 451 1,288 2,126 5,858 4,973 2,627 1,857 1,050 820 395 1,179 1,770 4,745 3,815 1,938 1,503 774 674 299 865 1,385 3,650 2,912 1,505 1,303 588 457 257 672 2,710 6,426 5,145 2,426 2,204 854 578 373 1,165 77 Middle Atlantic 688 652 West North Central 690 269 East South Central 261 167 134 Pacific 296 New England: 1,258 909 990 11,601 1,243 3,579 31,280 6,042 15,058 10,594 4,527 12,839 6,699 6,587 4,744 5,377 6,168 628 864 1,990 2,912 441 3,220 2,890 3,635 1,722 2,622 1,641 3,132 849 3,538 2,204 2,039 1,978 1,092 2,158 1,110 4,053 697 388 162 1,199 219 337 342 230 1,987 1,565 6,652 1 3 2 30 3 27 23 5 5' 6 1 2 16 i' 3 5 1 6 6 10 4 3 25 49 7 3 12 7 6 7 10 21 13 3 4 4' 3 1 1 2 12 11 14 200 13 22 269 90 175 74 26 127 57 37 39 26 89 6 11 14 21 3 55 27 84 22 48 68 125 40 69 26 63 52 43 26 50 66 7 9 1 12 6 8 2 4 18 12 43 31 32 28 503 62 117 1,162 273 549 316 147 483 237 200 155 174 292 24 37 77 101 12 174 145 202 76 178 130 232 81 184 117 132 138 85 126 93 197 18 26 5 48 19 12 10 7 97 54 203 99 61 67 826 107 218 2,123 489 1,123 618 291 950 409 392 . 287 343 469 68 60 145 208 24 271 304 347 142 231 193 349 109 287 195 251 232 127 198 158 338 40 30 16 95 16 20 24 9 197 107 410 119 82 80 1,175 124 351 3,065 607 1,520 930 465 1,368 675 503 482 511 658 74 87 197 306 31 307 321 413 177 295 191 380 121 362 248 254 266 136 265 170 443 64 32 20 113 21 34 30 16 253 152 647 145 108 117 1,430 139 407 3,702 732 1,842 1,240 692 1,656 706 811 600 597 759 77 95 254 366 58 405 363 454 197 320 178 428 110 420 249 233 277 171 300 155 611 81 49 24 137 29 60 44 23 270 195 750 140 96 117 1,416 153 460 4,052 720 1,902 1,314 591 1,729 765 806 621 694 734 64 113 279 393 51 402 308 381 229 272 175 342 78 423 274 195 218 131 271 133 612 93 40 18 164 27 31 44 23 286 198 843 ISO 118 119 1,430 144 433 3,985 719 1,861 1,313 SS9 1,680 827 858 643 721 747 74 117 224 347 41 338 274 378 180 288 122 347 88 378 244 228 189 127 244 94 476 100 46 23 150 20 42 59 11 244 179 865 154 87 92 1,243 126 424 3,625 616 1,617 1,32.5 566 1,472 786 834 635 599 658 63 104 220 348 47 340 211 374 153 294 100 280 58 405 216 224 205 104 219 61 436 106 36 16 115 20 38 38 26 185 198 796 120 93 96 1,010 116 335 2,951 482 1,312 1,022 422 1,044 691 636 417 464 495 43 72 187 260 44 262 194 316 116 211 102 210 48 289 189 175 121 69 157 59 389 51 32 12 106 15 26 32 25 156 139 570 92 61 90 784 89 269 2,263 414 973 .835 317 803 493 464 302 373 387 25 63 139 216 38 235 206 251 104 156 80 176 52 219 151 109 109 51 115 24 267 43 37 11 77 15 27 20 27 92 97 483 178 145 163 1,534 151 539 3,980 740 1,706 1,468 464 1,300 992 921 481 662 643 30 63 221 326 88 395 531 404 188 192 139 214 53 370 218 120 146 40 156 70 312 65 47 13 111 14 34 38 51 141 192 832 17 12 5 20 19 Connecticut 4 Middle Atlantic: 100 133 455 East North Central: 134 Indiana 77 222 155 64 West North Central: 82 Iowa 211 221 90 South Dakota. 41 30 15 South Atlantic: 3 Maryland 30 Virginia 21 134 34 ."^nilth Carolirm. , . . 43 Florida 4 East South Central: 129 Tennessee 65 48 Mississippi 19 West South Central: Arkansas 1 71 Oklahoma 22 Texas 73 Mountain: 26 Idaho 3 67 New Mexico . . .... 14 15 Utah 1 8 Pacific: 47 Oregon 41 208 GENERAL TABLES. 131 Table 8.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE AT ADMISSION, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. DmSION OE STATE. United States... OEOGBAPmc divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central. . West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central. . West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania Kast Noeth Centbal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West Noeth Centeal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District of Columbia. Virginia West Virginia North Carolina .South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Centkal: Kentuclry Tennessee .\labama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas' Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada pACmc: Washington Or««on California IMSANE admitted TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. Total. 6,986 14,609 13,191 7,459 6,725 3,685 2,908 1,623 3,403 509 326 270 4,236 490 1,155 8,530 1,640 4,499 3,336 1,270 4,053 1,974 2,558 1,425 1,511 2,779 224 204 411 905 127 1,273 697 1,234 495 916 646 1,112 325 1,227 932 831 695 255 491 743 1,479 278 203 42 722 84 135 103 56 884 590 Age at admission. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 2,539 264 659 444 242 359 239 174 53 105 15 13 7 171 20 38 368 79 212 111 47 133 SI 40 42 105 8 5 17 25 20 to 24 years. 5,701 620 1,446 1,053 643 779 413 328 130 289 43 15 25 383 47 107 837 167 442 222 116 353 169 193 136 132 221 19 22 42 71 114 74 145 42 119 86 153 37 132 100 110 71 34 54 85 155 59 158 25 to 29 years. 7,027 734 1,662 1,416 929 799 470 404 187 426 52 31 25 428 65 143 976 ISO 506 364 133 456 189 274 209 209 305 33 25 42 106 10 153 75 144 56 100 85 138 128 132 105 105 33 66 108 197 25 11 6 104 5 16 17 4 125 75 226 30 to 34 years. 7,295 748 1,721 1,536 918 779 606 418 198 471 49 29 26 454 59 131 1,018 165 538 393 120 473 225 325 169 172 318 32 26 53 128 13 153 75 142 56 101 72 133 34 147 124 127 108 39 69 85 225 131 74 266 35 to 39 years. 7,495 868 1,767 1,653 924 816 450 370 205 442 58 30 35 533 66 146 1,067 184 616 415 177 497 216 348 161 211 323 36 26 48 119 18 177 70 144 52 123 72 121 39 139 129 104 78 33 61 83 193 113 67 262 40 to 44 years. 6,469 776 1,565 1,479 800 618 327 294 220 390 51 35 37 493 45 115 920 162 483 364 137 472 193 313 161 160 301 23 20 32 103 12 131 45 102 43 97 47 107 34 118 88 64 57 27 50 68 149 44 30 3 100 9 17 11 6 107 61 222 45 to 49 years. 5,681 687 1,460 1,306 690 517 299 245 146 331 45 41 26 419 50 108 858 172 430 327 123 382 204 270 1.59 135 249 15 23 39 70 9 123 35 99 40 63 32 90 26 113 77 65 44 19 38 64 124 86 59 186 50 to 54 years. 4,877 579 1,217 1,119 606 483 277 189 139 268 50 31 20 351 36 91 701 137 379 298 124 318 146 233 137 104 238 11 15 30 71 100 74 50 53 61 41 166 55 to 59 years. 60to64 pSy^rs 3,368 432 853 823 383 327 178 131 84 157 43 24 12 263 23 .67 485 92 276 245 121 143 SO 75 161 7 8 20 32 2,872 340 663 647 383 317 150 118 85 169 25 19 16 195 15 70 372 77 214 194 70 161 101 121 55 72 165 5 13 22 51 827 1,498 1,434 757 693 284 207 134 327 68 50 36 479 64 130 878 193 427 378 131 429 272 224 91 182 277 12 19 56 120 16 127 108 129 52 70 70 132 69 32 51 68 64 195 Age un- known. 957 70 107 246 169 155 64 46 10 7 5 32 7 9 34 16 57 30 11 125 43 37 6 17 92 23 2 10 9 2 18 2 22 62 4 29 2 14 34 14 15 11 20 12 4 2 2 14 21 46 132 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 9. -INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE WHEN FIRST ADMITTED TO ANY HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. INSANE ENTOEBATED IK HOSPITALS ON lANUABT 1, 1910. DIVISION OB STATE. United States. Geogbaphic divisions: New England Middle Atlantic East North Central.. West North Central. South Atlantic East S Juth Central . . West South Central . Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire. Vermont Massachusetts... Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York New Jersey Pennsylvania. . East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michi^can Wisconsin West Noeth Central: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland District ot Columbia. , Virginia West V irginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East Sodth Cenieal: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico. Arizona Utah Nevada Pacific: Washington. Oregon California 187,791 19,580 52,3S0 41,245 22,653 19,952 9,759 8,413 3,574 10,204 1,25S 909 990 11,601 1,243 3,579 31,2S0 6,042 15,058 10,594 4,527 12,839 6,699 6,587 4,744 5,377 6,168 628 864 1,990 2,912 441 3,220 2,890 3,635 1,722 2,522 1,541 3,132 849 3,538 2,204 2,039 1,978 1,092 2,158 1,110 4,053 697 388 162 ,199 219 337 342 230 1,987 1,565 6,652 Age when first admitted to any hospital for the insane. Under 15 years. 1,079 142 174 103 121 254 89 122 40 34 3 6 10 116 1 6 15 to 19 years. 8,102 970 2,261 1,403 853 1,218 518 455 140 284 40 41 49 630 65 145 1,385 291 585 317 179 389 298 220 166 170 295 16 27 67 112 11 158 123 256 51 179 117 245 176 90 124 128 69 114 90 182 20 to 24 years. 21,432 2,243 6,247 4,022 2,602 2,716 1,277 1,064 309 952 106 92 99 .,406 146 394 3,948 809 1,490 1,022 498 1,082 703 717 573 573 747 69 82 214 344 32 358 499 607 96 361 228 403 132 443 258 319 257 138 278 139 509 25 to 29 years. 27,195 30 to 34 years. 26,655 2,822 7,929 5,433 3,394 2,988 1,539 1,319 442 1,329 19 51 17 44 4 17 67 104 12 26 15 21 9 30 7 16 59 218 60 128 165 606 173 105 143 1,643 183 575 4,990 897 2,042 1,3.54 685 1,400 1,033 961 828 712 864 104 135 319 432 47 446 568 586 115 404 218 4S8 116 533 323 367 316 161 354 184 620 40 18 153 21 32 54 26 293 197 839 2,848 7,678 5,504 3,334 2,586 1,464 1,228 515 1,498 174 120 140 1,650 199 565 4,889 842 1,947 1,508 681 1,353 970 738 732 862 89 142 281 490 60 416 423 447 84 374 206 452 124 513 287 332 332 143 327 138 620 119 61 25 141 35 46 54 34 323 224 951 35 to 39 years. 24,225 40 to 44 years. 18,764 2,5S0 7,055 5,041 3,005 2,365 1,267 1,114 521 1,277 170 115 146 1,499 176 474 4,343 768 1,944 1,413 648 1,202 859 919 643 671 790 78 121 269 433 74 378 313 439 99 340 ISo 438 99 466 294 246 261 133 295 134 552 98 50 22 185 26 63 51 36 233 191 853 2,026 5,418 4,011 2,254 1,750 903 910 424 1,068 146 99 70 1,226 111 374 3,310 614 1,494 1,136 502 936 711 726 466 580 5S6 54 96 199 293 65 318 209 346 62 244 144 290 72 323 212 181 187 114 22S 106 462 78 49 22 139 26 37 42 31 218 152 698 45 to 49 50 to 54 years. years. 14,784 1,597 4,236 3,263 1,797 1,333 749 687 317 SOS 108 85 95 917 90 302 2,544 472 1,220 901 422 750 563 567 353 419 497 41 73 161 253 43 247 149 281 36 193 92 233 59 289 152 153 155 86 166 71 364 1,307 3,104 2,487 1,301 1,069 602 479 234 584 146 121 538 99 73 77 767 1,840 372 892 782 322 524 449 410 268 295 332 31 62 135 178 31 189 140 218 34 155 79 184 39 242 139 103 118 51 137 51 240 107 93 384 55 to 59 years 6,922 797 1,999 1,507 812 710 321 262 162 352 66 48 45 455 44 139 1,196 216 587 470 173 306 282 152 191 229 22 26 76 116 16 120 132 134 19 96 53 103 37 122 81 49 69 31 67 31 133 67 43 242 60 to 64 years. 5,239 649 1,411 1,128 567 613 236 200 125 280 59 38 39 306 41 106 838 185 418 361 131 225 214 197 87 160 152 12 28 65 63 114 124 19 63 48 108 24 21 34 26 119 62 50 178 65 vears and over. Age un- known. 8,316 1,162 2,366 1,847 977 789 361 216 161 437 90 68 64 655 66 219 1,332 311 723 596 149 375 388 339 143 247 283 16 28 104 156 13,911 437 2,472 5,497 1,666 1,561 433 357 1S4 1,304 24 19 13 271 53 57 602 218 1,652 656 132 4,261 201 247 317 632 461 93 41 92 30 36 9 134 329 199 4 127 29 41 1,055 59 43 63 66 101 13 29 13 167 153 96 184 37 70 61 26 15 113 50 80 60 60 101 104 28 35 17 8 7 47 96 6 16 IS 16 19 2 19 12 &3 200 74 221 300 883 GENERAL TABLES. 183 Table 10.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE WHEN FIRST ADMITTED TO ANY HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. DIVISION OE STATE. INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. Total. United States... GEOGEAPinc divisions: New EnRL-ind Middle Atlantic East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic East South Central.. West South Central. Mountain Pacific New England: Maine New Hampshire Vermont Massachusetts Rhode Island Connecticut Middle Atuntic: New York New Jersey Penn-qylvajiia East North Centbal: Ohio Indiana Illinois Michigan Wisconsin West North Centeal: Minnesota Iowa Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska Kansas South Atlantic; Delaware Maryland District of Columbia, Virginia West Virginia North Carolina South Carolina Georgia Florida East South Central: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama Mississippi West South Centbal: Arkansas Louisiana Oklahoma Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming Colorado New Mexico Arizona Utah Nevada PAcmc: Washington Oregon California 60,769 14,6G9 13,191 7,459 6,725 3,6S5 2,968 l,t;23 3,463 509 326 270 4,236 490 1,155 8,530 1,640 4,499 3,336 1,270 4,053 1,974 2,558 1,425 1,511 2,779 224 204 411 905 127 1,273 597 1,234 495 916 646 1,112 325 1,227 932 831 695 255 491 743 1,479 278 203 42 722 84 135 103 56 884 590 Age when first admitted to any hospital for the insane. Under 15 years. 430 15 to 19 years. 2,982 350 826 532 302 399 219 195 64 105 20 16 11 221 24 58 490 94 242 128 65 138 105 62 57 117 8 6 16 36 20 to 24 years. 706 1,605 1,174 776 754 354 343 127 241 51 19 27 426 55 128 957 179 469 232 141 363 195 243 175 161 261 21 27 36 95 9 101 75 150 38 108 86 161 26 139 110 74 31 37 49 90 167 70 59 112 25 to 29 years. 7,024 790 1,755 1,441 976 768 393 406 169 326 63 30 27 476 57 137 1,035 186 534 351 147 442 206 295 225 209 326 36 26 45 109 10 143 78 140 50 93 79 144 29 134 130 81 48 30 to 34 years. 6,856 799 1,714 1,438 887 732 377 :J94 177 338 32 100 206 129 52 145 59 33 28 476 59 144 1,017 173 524 371 120 409 208 330 206 171 289 31 21 41 128 13 145 84 132 52 95 63 126 22 129 108 91 49 34 60 7S 222 116 56 166 35 to 39 years. 6,719 835 1,733 1,467 807 728 336 344 176 293 52 28 35 518 64 138 1,0.52 174 507 354 165 il3 221 294 150 168 286 30 21 35 117 17 159 69 127 42 95 68 131 30 121 122 55 38 30 54 .'« 177 101 .19 153 40 to 44 years. 5,643 708 1,441 1,283 689 569 268 275 177 253 45 to 49 years. 596 1,.360 1,137 549 460 218 224 111 211 45 34 30 451 41 107 i 858 146 437 309 136 397 183 268 127 143 251 22 25 34 87 14 118 38 99 37 78 45 102 28 111 75 49 23 27 45 66 137 91 39 123 49 39 24 349 48 87 787 159 404 268 107 339 199 224 126 119 180 12 16 28 68 8 107 36 98 25 55 27 15 32 59 118 71 38 102 50 to 54 3,970 507 1,065 936 433 407 200 155 103 174 47 30 17 303 35 75 593 131 331 234 104 263 137 198 106 80 158 6 9 22 52 55 to 59 years. 2,661 356 718 642 286 276 118 118 68 79 32 20 12 212 21 59 398 78 242 170 71 181 108 112 57 66 102 7 8 15 31 60 to 64 years. 279 576 513 278 262 102 106 56 102 24 19 14 160 11 51 330 61 185 152 57 122 96 86 45 55 103 5 10 14 46 65 years and over. 5,096 722 1,352 1,152 578 608 198 182 107 197 62 46 34 414 63 113 783 173 396 307 116 334 222 173 70 161 178 12 15 35 107 15 102 101 121 43 50 66 84 26 103 .57 17 21 Age nn- known. 6,178 281 463 1,422 851 684 885 177 281 1,134 14 U 11 181 8 56 196 60 201 449 39 624 75 235 74 119 490 33 20 6 147 15 84 128 140 68 2 95 117 86 290 393 18 71 40 48 77 5 3 149 7 20 13 7 103 181 .S50 134 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Tablb 11.— insane enumerated IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ENUMERATION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. SEX, AND AGE AT ENTJMEEATION. raSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON }ANUABT 1, 1910. Aggregate. BOTH SEXES. All ages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29yeare 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age unknown MALE. All ages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years .■ 80 years and over Age unknown FEMALE. Alleges Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years.... 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 66 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age unknown 187,791 341 2,312 7,801 14,083 19,091 22,856 23,321 22,874 20,885 16,383 12,729 9,545 6,263 3,5% 2,477 3,234 98,695 203 1,302 4,644 8,201 10, 777 12,410 12,473 11,825 10,7S7 8,213 6,152 4,459 2,S17 1,583 OSS 1,861 89,096 138 1.010 3,157 5,882 8,314 10,446 10,848 11,049 10,098 8,170 6,577 5,086 3,446 2,013 1,489 1,373 White. TotaL 174,224 276 1,952 6,734 12,370 17,276 21,065 21,822 21,636 19,795 15,523 12,065 9,113 5,956 3,477 2,344 2,820 91,617 153 1,092 4,040 7,256 11,457 11,691 11,223 10,272 7,776 5,823 4,251 2,672 1,531 935 1,623 82,607 123 860 2,694 5,114 7,454 9,608 10, 131 10,413 9,523 7,747 6,242 4,862 3,234 1,946 1,409 1,197 Native. Total. 115,402 261 1,707 5,426 9,49S 12,853 15,098 14,631 13,986 13,011 9,710 6,913 4,961 3,157 1,806 1,230 1,154 60,644 146 990 3,2S8 5,588 7,336 8,196 7,812 6,9S6 6,634 4,792 3,302 2,285 1,411 786 497 597 54,758 115 717 2,138 3,912 5,517 6,902 6,819 7,000 6,377 4,918 3,611 2,676 1,746 1,020 733 557 Native .^"Jj'^rt Parentage parentage. ] ^^^^^_ unknown. 67,531 169 1,040 3, ISl 5,478 7,a56 8,369 8,027 7,749 7,389 5,971 4,544 3,475 2,214 1,314 905 650 35,238 93 592 1,966 3,269 4,058 4,528 4,230 3,815 3,660 2,965 2,177 1,597 1,002 689 366 331 32,293 76 44S 1,215 2,209 3,841 3,797 3,934 3,729 3,006 2,367 1,878 1,212 725 539 319 28,186 57 459 1,564 2,750 3,961 4,448 4,093 3,730 3,064 1,818 975 570 323 16S 105 15,415 34 276 920 1,617 2,270 2,463 2,265 1,912 1,622 930 493 281 162 67 49 12, 771 23 183 644 1,133 1,691 1,985 1,828 1,818 1,442 482 289 161 101 66 19,685 35 208 681 1,270 1,836 2,281 2,511 2,507 2,558 1,921 1,394 916 620 324 220 403 9,991 19 122 402 700 1,008 1,205 1,317 1,259 1,352 632 407 247 130 9,694 16 88 279 570 828 1,076 1,194 1,248 1,206 1,024 762 509 373 194 138 Foreign ^^^^'^ 54,096 215 1,210 2,686 4,128 5,585 6,737 7,118 6,297 5,428 4,786 3,926 2,628 1,575 1,081 708 28,415 6 90 899 1,56-1 2,310 3,041 3,617 3,933 3,369 2,797 2,367 1,862 1,193 706 425 438 25,681 2 125 511 1,122 1,818 2,544 3,120 3,1S5 2,928 2,631 2,419 2,064 1,435 272 4,726 7 30 98 186 295 3S2 454 532 487 385 386 226 171 96 53 2,558 1 12 53 106 176 220 282 304 269 187 154 104 68 39 13 2,168 6 18 45 SO 119 162 192 228 218 198 212 122 103 57 40 368 Colored. Total. 13,567 65 360 1,067 1,713 1,815 1,791 1,499 1,238 1,090 860 664 432 307 119 133 7,078 50 210 604 945 955 953 782 602 515 437 329 208 145 52 53 6,489 15 150 483 768 860 838 717 636 575 423 335 224 162 67 S'egro. Indian. I ^Otter 12,910 60 348 1,019 1,658 1,733 1,735 1,445 1,176 1,011 796 611 414 292 114 127 6,536 200 6,374 14 143 453 755 833 706 626 583 417 328 222 158 65 77 171 166 46 4 2a5 4 1 566 14 24 9a3 5 37 890 16 49 902 10 41 739 8 35 .■i-iO 8 44 448 63 379 54 2S3 42 192 12 134 10 49 2 50 2 76 491 1 4 27 40 56 42 40 46 68 67 45 12 10 3 2 38 452 GENERAL TABLES. 135 Table 1-2.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION. BOTH SEXES. All ages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 vears 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years SO to 54 years S5 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age unknown MALE. All ages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age unknown FEMALE. All ages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years SO to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age unknown DJSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. Aggregate. 60,769 327 2,539 5,701 7,027 7,295 7,495 6,469 5,681 4,877 3,368 2,872 2,191 1,776 1,180 1,014 957 34,116 181 1,471 3,234 3,911 4,018 4,090 3,618 3,163 2,712 1,975 1,698 1,255 994 676 513 607 26,653 146 1,068 2,467 3,116 3,277 3,405 2,851 2,518 2,165 1,393 1,174 936 782 504 501 350 White. Total. 56,182 272 2,215 5,101 6,394 6,696 6,945 6,046 5,349 4,609 3,208 2,706 2,074 1,656 1,121 956 834 31,646 152 1,277 2,934 3,602 3,718 3,819 3,387 2,970 2,549 1,876 1,595 1,179 926 643 483 536 24,536 120 938 2,167 2,792 2,978 3,126 2,659 2,379 2,060 1,332 1,111 895 730 478 473 298 Native. Total. 39,629 256 1,871 3,966 4,749 4,841 4,999 4,201 3,656 3,197 2,178 1,728 1,282 1,009 694 570 432 22,190 144 1,099 2,284 2,640 2,637 2,720 2,309 1,9S2 1,766 1,284 1,025 740 578 407 309 266 17,439 112 772 1,682 2, 109 2,204 2,279 1,892 1,674 1,431 894 703 542 431 287 261 106 Native parentage 24,534 159 1,153 2,393 2,864 2,912 2,474 2,181 1,951 1,442 1,231 930 760 524 419 263 13,792 84 685 1,405 1,592 1,547 1,577 1,362 1,203 1,085 846 737 537 435 308 222 10,742 75 468 988 1,272 1,331 1,335 1,112 978 866 596 494 393 325 216 197 96 ^^'^l^d P-ntage or mixed parentage. 10,685 61 556 1,157 1,413 1,449 1,591 1,294 1,062 SSI 489 255 187 123 55 62 38 322 653 809 825 708 565 490 299 142 105 64 28 39 29 4,689 23 234 504 604 62t 711 5S6 497 391 190 113 82 59 27 23 unknown. 4,410 36 162 416 472 514 496 433 413 365 247 242 165 126 115 2,402 22 92 226 239 265 263 239 214 191 139 70 2,008 14 70 190 233 249 233 194 199 174 108 Foreign bom. 15,S23 10 320 1,074 1,568 1,777 1,848 1,755 1,605 1,341 982 928 765 610 407 370 8,838 164 614 917 1,033 1,038 1,026 940 748 562 540 424 328 228 166 3 156 460 651 714 SIO 729 665 593 420 341 282 181 204 Nativity un- known. 1,030 6 24 61 77 78 98 90 88 71 48 50 27 37 20 16 239 618 1 14 36 45 48 61 52 4S 35 30 30 15 20 10 Colored. Tota.. 4,587 65 324 600 633 599 550 423 332 268 160 168 117 120 59 58 2,470 29 194 30O 309 300 271 231 193 163 99 103 76 68 33 30 2,117 26 130 300 324 299 279 192 139 105 61 63 41 52 26 62 Negro. 4, .384 54 320 579 601 568 529 388 316 253 1-50 163 114 119 58 57 2,304 2,080 129 295 313 297 275 187 137 104 69 62 41 52 26 27 SO Indian 28 1 191 1 2 2X4 4 12 288 3 18 271 4 25 254 6 11 201 5 25 179 2 12 149 1 13 91 2 6 101 1 1 73 3 67 1 32 1 30 Other colored. 152 2 16 24 26 12 27 12 14 8 136 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 13.— INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE WHEN FIRST ADMITTED TO ANY HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. SEX, AND AGE "WHEN FIKST ADMITTED TO ANY HOSPITAL FOB THE INSANE. BOTH SEXES. AUages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age unknown HALE. AUages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 09 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age unknown FEMALE. AUages... Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years... 20 to 24 years. . . 25 to 29 years. . . 30 to 34 years... 35 to 39 years. 40 to 44 years. 45 to 49 years. 50 to 54 years. 55 to 59 years. 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over. Age unknown INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910. Aggregate. White. 187,791 1,079 8,102 21,432 27, 195 26,655 24,225 18,764 14,784 11,167 6,922 5,239 3,387 2,376 1,435 918 13,911 98,695 579 4,611 12,837 15,161 13,886 12,277 9,230 7,113 5,384 3,554 2,527 1,764 1,119 674 413 7,566 89,096 500 3,491 8,595 12,034 12,769 11,948 9,534 7,671 5,783 3,368 2,712 1,823 1,257 761 505 6,345 Total. 174,224 929 7,168 19,350 25,033 24,805 22,561 17,568 13, 931 10,516 6,628 4,897 3,398 2,258 1,378 852 13,052 91,617 485 4,040 11,617 14,023 12,993 11,453 8,672 6,713 5,075 3,348 2,355 1,670 1,069 645 386 7,073 82,607 444 3,128 7,733 11,010 11,812 11,108 8,896 7,218 5,441 3,180 2,642 1,728 1,189 733 466 5,979 Native. Total. 115,402 834 5,995 14,901 17, 794 16, 703 14,590 10,883 8,681 6,444 3,913 2,839 1,934 1,282 777 487 7,345 60,644 434 3,488 9,086 10,020 8,602 7,290 5,215 4,038 3,068 2,018 1,387 948 625 366 221 3,838 54,758 400 2,507 6,815 7,774 8,101 7,300 5,668 4,643 3,376 1,895 1,452 986 657 411 266 Native parentage. 67,531 535 3,410 8,254 9,894 9,306 8,500 6,470 5,396 4,282 2,726 2,079 1,461 960 606 391 3,261 35,238 269 2,010 5,061 5,606 4,718 4,182 3,056 2,488 2,048 1,416 1,013 716 472 285 174 1,724 32,293 266 1,400 3,193 4,288 4,588 4,318 3,414 2,908 2,234 1,310 1,066 745 488 321 217 1,537 Foreigner mUed parentage. 28,186 161 1,582 4,183 4,954 4,637 3,780 2,686 1,990 1,263 639 354 216 129 77 34 925 2,533 2,834 2,487 2,003 1,376 962 639 348 183 112 64 35 18 12,771 72 657 1,650 2,120 2,150 1,777 1,310 1,028 624 291 171 104 65 42 16 694 Parentage unknown. 19,685 138 1,003 2,464 2,946 2,760 2,310 1,727 1,295 899 648 406 257 193 94 62 2,583 9,991 76 653 1,492 1,680 1,397 1,105 783 588 381 254 191 120 89 46 29 9,694 62 450 972 1,366 1,363 1,206 944 707 618 294 215 137 104 48 33 Foreign bom. 54,096 67 1,045 4,100 6,787 7,671 7,602 6,364 5,008 3,915 2,526 l,9n 1,408 930 584 353 3,765 28,415 40 482 2,321 3,756 4,142 3,986 3,2S8 2,572 1,938 1,289 922 696 420 274 163 2,126 26,681 27 563 1,779 3,031 3,529 3,616 3,076 2,436 1,977 1,237 1,049 712 510 310 190 1,639 Nativity un- known. 4,726 28 128 349 452 431 369 321 242 157 87 56 46 17 12 1,942 2,558 11 70 210 247 249 177 169 103 69 41 46 26 24 5 2 1,109 2,168 17 58 139 205 182 192 152 139 88 48 41 30 22 12 10 833 Colored. Total. 13,567 150 934 2,082 2,162 1,860 1,664 1,196 853 651 394 342 189 118 57 66 859 7,078 94 571 1,220 1,138 893 824 558 400 309 206 172 94 60 29 27 493 6,489 56 363 862 1,024 967 840 638 453 342 188 170 95 366 Negro. 12,910 141 910 2,013 2,074 1,764 1,697 1,119 794 618 365 319 183 113 56 62 6,536 555 1,168 1,067 824 763 488 352 281 181 155 89 49 28 26 6,374 63 355 846 1,007 940 834 631 442 337 184 164 94 64 28 36 360 I Indian. GENERAL TABLES. 137 Table 14.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND AGE WHEN FIRST ADMITTED TO ANY HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. raSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. SEX, AND AGE WHEN FIRST ADMITTED TO ANY HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE. BOTH SEXES. All ages , Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 ye^rs 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 66to 69 years 70 to 74 years 76 to 79 years 80 years and over Ageuninown .MALE. All ages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 64 years 65 to 59 ye.ir3 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age untnown yEMALE. -Mlages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 60 to 54 years 65 to 59 years 60 to 54 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 76 to 79 years 80 years and over Age tmknowD Aggregate. 60,769 430 2,982 6,080 7,024 6,856 6,719 5,643 4,856 3,970 2,661 2,274 1,725 1,495 1,003 873 6,178 34,116 222 1,723 3,386 3,774 3,684 3,639 3,165 2,689 2,192 1,599 1,351 1.013 840 565 438 3,836 26,663 208 1,259 2,694 3,250 3,172 3,080 2,478 2,167 1,778 1,062 923 712 655 438 435 2,342 White. Total. 56,182 374 2,662 5,516 6,444 6,337 6,237 5, 282 4,585 3,746 2,632 2, 141 1,628 1,384 961 823 5,540 31,646 197 1,532 3,094 3,495 3,430 3,405 2,976 2,533 2,057 1,518 1,270 953 777 537 414 3,458 34,536 177 1,130 2,422 2,949 2,907 2,832 2,306 2,052 1,689 1,014 871 675 607 414 409 2,082 Native. Total. 39,629 341 2,254 4,294 4,742 4,504 4,380 3,644 3,082 2,575 1,697 1,364 1,024 833 688 491 3.816 22,190 181 1,334 2,429 2,554 2,407 2,377 2,016 1,664 1,412 1,037 813 605 477 340 259 17,439 160 920 1.865 2,188 2,097 2,003 1,628 1,418 1,163 660 551 419 356 248 232 1,531 Xative parentage 24,534 203 1,361 2,564 2,857 2,711 2,557 2,191 1,904 1,638 1,163 765 633 445 372 2,182 13,792 106 817 1,484 1,541 1,430 1,376 1,204 1,029 456 369 259 193 1,334 10,742 97 54^4 1,080 1,316 1,281 1,181 987 875 739 454 402 309 264 186 179 848 Foreign or mked parentage. 10,685 88 698 1,329 1,457 1,394 1,442 1,107 907 706 385 195 144 105 48 61 629 50 412 728 805 796 628 489 393 241 116 81 51 25 31 38 286 601 652 628 646 479 418 313 144 79 63 54 23 20 Parentage unknown. 4,410 50 195 401 428 399 381 346 271 231 159 171 115 95 95 68 25 105 217 208 211 205 184 146 120 97 101 68 57 56 35 2.008 25 90 184 220 188 176 162 125 111 62 70 47 38 39 33 Foreign bom. 15, 523 29 390 1,173 1,630 1,773 1,773 1,585 1,453 1,130 805 746 590 529 348 321 1,248 !,838 15 192 638 908 994 974 936 842 624 463 439 339 286 189 152 848 14 198 535 650 611 506 342 307 251 243 159 169 Nativity un- known. 1,030 4 18 49 476 618 1 6 27 33 29 54 25 27 21 18 412 3 12 22 39 31 30 28 23 20 12 13 5 151 Colored. Total. 4,587 56 320 564 580 519 482 361 271 224 129 133 97 111 52 50 25 191 292 279 254 156 135 81 81 60 63 28 24 2,117 31 129 272 301 265 248 172 115 89 48 52 37 48 24 26 Negro. 4,384 55 315 548 549 496 464 337 263 216 123 131 96 110 61 49 24 188 280 260 232 218 168 149 128 76 79 59 62 27 24 2,080 31 127 268 289 264 246 169 114 Indian. 32 Other colored. 152 2 11 22 18 10 18 6 7 6 1 1 1 50 16 18 10 17 6 6 4 1 1 1 43 138 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 15.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY PLACE OF INSANE ADMITTED TO HosprrALS IN 1910. DIVISION OB STATE. Total. "Who prior to admission resided in places having a population of— Leas than 2,500. 2,500 to 10,000. 10,000 to 25,000. \ Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 1 1 UiViTED States 60,769 34,116 26,653 20,442 11,673 8,769 5,942 3,311 2,631 4,239 2,453 1,786 7 GEOGKApmc divisions: 6,9S6 14,669 13,191 .7,459 6,725 3,685 2,968 1,623 3,463 3,632 7,866 7,548 4,180 3,730 2,069 1,622 1,134 2,335 3,354 6,803 5,643 3,279 2,995 1,616 1,346 489 1,12s 1,009 2,548 4,608 3,856 3,040 2,264 1,758 549 810 527 1,463 2,563 2,263 1,633 1,224 1,002 429 569 482 1,083 2,045 1,593 1,407 1,040 756 120 241 940 1,147 1,471 687 571 255 346 240 285 471 629 824 387 301 149 192 173 185 469 518 647 300 270 106 154 67 100 861 1,022 1,051 332 383 127 131 166 166 477 590 599 203 214 81 75 111 103 384 432 452 129 169 46 58 55 63 ^ East North Central S a South Atlantic 7 East South Central . q in New England: 11 509 326 270 4,236 490 1,155 8,630 1,640 4,499 3,336 1,270 4,053 1,974 2,558 1,425 1,511 2,779 224 204 411 905 127 1,273 597 1,234 495 916 646 1,112 325 1,227 932 831 695 255 491 743 1,479 278 203 42 722 84 135 103 56 884 590 1,989 248 16S 150 2,206 267 593 4,461 878 2,527 1,932 672 2,319 1,111 1,514 866 863 1,403 142 129 243 534 78 677 426 691 266 435 338 623 196 735 512 444 378 152 234 440 796 212 155 30 462 60 104 66 45 609 ; 447 1 1,279 261 158 120 2,030 223 562 4,069 762 1,972 1,404 59S 1,734 863 1,044 559 648 1,376 82 75 168 371 49 596 171 543 229 481 308 489 129 492 420 387 317 103 257 303 683 66 48 12 260 24 31 37 11 275 143 710 221 132 150 285 45 176 1,192 348 1,008 966 588 1,047 870 1,137 819 846 1,101 174 ' 170 282 464 43 I 353 1 784 310 389 349 699 ! 112 666 ; 523 556 519 224 174 539 821 102 116 31 132 55 60 28 35 253 214 343 103 64 S3 149 27 99 673 195 595 533 301 558 500 671 507 471 650 109 102 162 262 24 196 1 420 157 188 192 3S8 67 397 284 2S6 257 129 90 312 471 34 90 24 105 42 40 16 28 186 153 230 116 68 67 136 18 77 519 153 413 433 287 489 370 466 312 375 451 65 68 120 202 19 157 147 39 59 470 57 168 413 177 557 384 174 409 202 302 116 165 172 13 19 47 155 7 47 5 67 72 86 130 114 43 127 33 61 34 21 26 76 223 36 38 2 65 20 49 20 10 60 94 131 72 19 30 237 35 78 225 100 304 205 94 229 112 184 69 93 81 6 15 33 90 4 23 5 45 38 31 70 61 24 74 19 33 21 17 16 50 109 29 26 1 45 12 38 14 8 39 74 72 75 20 29 233 22 90 188 77 253 179 80 ISO 90 118 47 72 91 7 4 14 65 3 24 73 82 33 453 31 189 419 187 416 242 186 260 165 198 34 124 69 16 8 10 71 35 46 23 255 18 100 232 98 260 135 99 152 99 114 21 71 38 10 6 6 51 38 36 10 198 13 89 187 89 li6 107 87 lOS 65 84 13 53 31 6 2 4 20 12 14 16 17 Middle Atlantic: 10 East North CENraAL: 22 21 o«5 West NoETH Central: '*? 31 32 South Atlantic: 61 17 87 42 65 47 48 16 44 8 28 47 4 19 40 68 78 19 8 12 8 31 29 16 56 23 37 22 23 8 30 5 14 32 10 24 39 50 13 5 8 S 22 32 1 31 19 28 23 25 3 14 3 14 15 2 9 16 29 28 6 3 4 3 9 34 District of Columbia 364 153 201 157 311 45 269 239 270 262 95 84 227 350 18 26 7 27 13 10 12 7 67 61 113 22 34 55 60 53 19 53 14 26 13 4 10 26 114 7 12 1 20 8 11 6 2 21 20 59 ?7 North Carolina ?'> Georeia Florida East South Centbal: 40 Tennessee •11 I'l 41 West Sotrra Centeal: ift •17 Oklahoma 4S •14 Modntain: flO Idaho ni 5'' '>'t New Mexico *)4 55 Utah Nevada 10 57 27 82 8 41 19 43 2 16 8 39 57 PACffic: ri8 S9 California GENERAL TABLES. L39 RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION, AND BY SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. DJSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910— Continued . Who prior to admission resided in places having a population of— 25,000 to 50,000. 50,000 to 100,000. 100,000 to 500,000. 500,000 and over. Not reported. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. TotaL Male. Female. TotaL Male. Female. 3,515 1,964 1,551 3,228 1,828 1,400 7,901 4,504 3,397 11,829 6,214 5,615 3,673 2,169 1,504 1 761 754 844 302 353 180 136 90 95 396 425 478 168 208 116 68 60 45 363 329 368 134 145 64 68 30 50 852 820 463 318 299 63 266 43 104 470 438 294 187 168 34 137 25 75 382 382 169 131 131 29 129 18 29 931 1,498 1,949 508 731 430 213 381 1,260 468 805 1,114 279 420 251 87 253 827 463 093 835 229 311 179 126 128 433 1,459 6,616 2,354 751 631 3 4 4 7 713 3,343 1,384 421 344 2 1 3 3 746 3,273 970 330 287 1 3 1 4 173 264 451 705 717 363 114 150 736 110 173 292 272 442 212 60 80 528 63 91 159 433 275 151 54 70 208 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 25 22 11 525 72 106 378 106 270 144 13 U 5 270 43 51 209 49 167 81 12 8 6 255 29 55 169 57 103 63 39 42 6 5S5 31 149 272 282 266 167 102 150 33 11 62 76 60 1 20 18 3 321 14 94 130 162 146 113 60 94 18 9 35 42 37 1 19 24 3 264 17 55 142 120 120 M 42 56 15 2 27 34 23 1 1 3 7 5 125 3 30 48 36 180 » 41 152 38 133 78 54 525 18 6 13 11 1 61 117 28 28 337 36 2 107 84 139 48 92 3 55 35 21 2 6 3 82 1 16 32 21 120 33 21 90 24 104 73 37 122 14 5 U 10 1 32 115 18 23 166 17 1 69 46 70 31 65 2 28 20 10 11 26 1 1 2 43 2 14 16 15 60 36 20 62 12 29 5 17 403 4 1 2 1 11 2 4 1,263 53 137 4,896 in 1,710 495 2 1,743 2:5 91 3 1 746 1 2 623 25 62 2,456 5 882 313 1 2 640 28 75 2,440 5 828 182 2 734 14 38 1? 2 530 198 200 912 494 92 849 177 4 487 432 311 57 65 2 1 34 38 1 269 104 93 504 248 53 499 97 2 277 239 157 38 38 2 1 18 25 1 261 94 107 408 246 39 350 80 2 210 193 154 19 27 13 14 15 16 17 IS 18 X ?1 288 158 254 2 18S 41 185 72 140 1 110 20 103 86 114 1 78 21 1,C«9 53 3 1 417 22 23 24 ■?fl 329 27 ?fi 25 46 13 24 12 22 16 13 3r 119 74 21 5 1 61 1 2 36 76 23 25 2 36 72 47 8 5 35 1 2 15 43 12 12 2 20 47 27 13 1 2 611 14 1 1 31 2 325 3' 26 33 80 41 30 10 20 69 74 37 16 33 48 23 9 22 45 12 44 49 23 10 93 405 126 1 5 48 237 68 1 1 45 188 38 286 29 2 10 5 171 19 1 38 38 69 17 27 1 27 15 11 33 M 32 18 21 26 30 8 25 25 14 26 3.- 3f 4 2 1 1 3" 21 33 3f QR 62 3 132 83 34 2 36 3q 11 3 1 1 i 4f 13 211 153 C4 1 2 79 70 30 1 4 4' IS 1 1 1 1 4r 4^ 3 5 9 119 51 2 3 5 58 38 1 2 4 61 13 4.' i 1 44 221 1 29 107 211 86 125 "■■■;:::!:::::--- 4f 15 114 4 2 1 1 4 1 3 4f 4' • ■ 4 5C 1 2 i 1 5 30 15 IS 1 380 1 252 1 128 4 3 1 97 33 64 55 5.1 5 7 4 6 1 1 rri 9 7 2 i 39 1 1 97 5 23 1 09 4 2 16 5,- 5f 1 2 92 1 28 1 306 185 709 240 1 139 442 120 49 267 6 3 3 44 63 629 25 56 447 IS 7 182 ,r 2 43 ff 49 1 1 5' 140 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 16.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. 1 Aggregate. Wliite. Colored. SEX, AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE PBIOR TO ADMISSION. Total. Native. Foreign born. Nativ- ity un- known. Total. Negro. Indian. Total. 1 Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Parent- age un- known. Other colored. BOTH SEXES. AECTeffate 60,769 56,182 39,629 24,534 10,685 4,410 15,523 1,030 4,587 4,384 51 1,W Eesiding prior to admission in places having a populatloQ of— 20,442 5,942 4,239 3,515 3,228 7,901 11,829 3,673 18,454 5,523 3,982 3,267 2,999 7,355 11,324 3,278 15,263 4,274 2,864 2,354 2,031 4,850 5,884 2,109 11,108 2,833 1,775 1,482 1,347 2,588 2,459 8S2 2,531 949 796 674 543 1,707 3,041 444 1,564 492 293 198 141 555 384 783 2,907 1,186 1,065 874 922 2,392 5,331 846 284 63 53 39 46 113 109 323 1,988 419 257 248 229 546 505 395 1,923 408 248 241 221 511 469 363 41 6 1 i" 3' 24 2,500 to 10,000 6 10 noo to 25 OflO 8 25,000 toso.nofl 7 60,oon to loo nno 8 100,000 to 600,000 34 500,000 and over 36 Not reported .... 29 MALE. AcCTeeate 34,116 31,646 22,190 13,792 5,996 2,402 8,838 618 2,470 2,304 32 134 Resirtinp prior to admission in places having a population of— 11,673 3,.311 2,453 1,964 1,828 4,504 6,214 2,169 26,653 10,630 3,081 2,307 1,845 1,701 4,205 5,939 1,938 24,536 8,581 2,338 1,649 1,327 1,169 2,767 3,166 1,193 17,439 6,266 1,518 ' 1,021 845 777 1,523 1,309 533 1 10,742 1,443 542 454 381 310 963 1,666 237 4,689 872 278 174 101 82 281 191 423 2,008 1,891 705 625 494 502 1,384 2,699 538 6,685 158 38 33 24 30 54 74 207 412 1,043 230 146 119 127 299 275 231 2,117 994 225 138 112 120 266 247 202 2,080 28 i' 3' 19 21 2,500 to 10,000 5 10 OOO to 25 000 . ... g 25,000 to 50,000 7 50 000 to 100 000 7 100,000 to 500,000 32 500,000 and over 28 Not reported. . ... 26 FEMALE. Aeer^ate 18 Residing prior to admission in pbces having a population of— 8,769 2,631 1,786 1,551 1,400 3,397 5,6)5 1,504 7,824 2,442 1,675 1,422 1,298 3,150 5,. 385 1,340 6,682 1,936 1,215 1,027 862 2,083 2,718 916 4,902 1,315 754 637 570 1,065 1,150 349 1,088 407 342 293 233 744 1,375 207 692 214 119 97 59 274 193 360 1,016 481 440 380 420 1,008 2,632 308 126 25 20 15 16 59 35 116 945 189 111 129 102 247 230 164 929 183 110 129 101 245 222 161 13 5 1 3 2,600 to 10,000 1 10,000 to 25,000 25,000 lo 50,000 50 000 to 100 OflO 1 100,000 to 500.000 3 500,000 and Over . ... S 3 GENERAL TABLES. 141 Table 17.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE AT ADMISSION, SEX, AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. ZNSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. SEX, AKD PLACE OF RESIDENCE PSIOS TO ADMISSION. BOTH SEXES. Total. .\ggregate. Ref idini; prior to admissioD in places having a population of — Less than 2,500 2,500 to 10,000 ' 10,000 to 23,000 ! 25,000 to 50,000 50,000 to 100.000 100,000 to 500.000 500,000 and over Not reported MALE. Aggregate . Residing prior to admission in places having i population of— Less than 2,500 2,500 to 10,000 10,000 to 25,000 25,000 to 50.000 50,000 to 100.000 100,000 to 500,000 500,000 and over Not reported FEMALE. -Aggregate . Residing prior to admission in places having i population of— Less than 2,500 2,500 to 10,000 10,000 to 25,000 25,000 to 50.000 50,000 to 100,000 100,000 to 500,000 500 000 and over Not reported 60,769 20,442 5,942 4,239 3,515 .1,228 7,901 11,829 3,673 34,116 11,673 3,311 2,453 1,964 1,828 4,504 6,214 2,169 26,653 2,631 1,786 1,551 1,400 3,397 5,615 1,504 Age at admission. Under IS years. 327 136 33 23 12 7 32 40 44 181 146 15 to 19 years. 2,539 20 to 24 years. 5,701 971 230 165 134 129 278 494 138 1,471 587 128 87 82 75 149 270 93 1,068 384 102 78 52 54 129 224 45 2,005 537 341 314 286 710 1,185 323 3,234 1,144 301 231 169 164 406 614 205 2,467 861 236 110 145 122 304 671 118 25 to 29 years. 2,392 677 453 407 382 897 1,433 386 1,298 374 255 231 214 551 750 238 3,116 1,094 303 198 176 168 346 6S3 148 30 to 34 years. 7,295 2,339 083 531 425 398 1,007 1,484 428 35 to 39 years. 7,495 40 to 44 45 to 49 years, years. 6,469 S,681 1,250 358 293 241 240 603 7S2 251 3,277 325 238 184 158 404 702 177 2,401 718 520 437 411 1,059 1,519 430 4,090 1,313 378 296 221 246 590 798 248 3,405 340 224 216 165 469 721 182 3,618 1,107 368 268 188 222 498 756 211 2,851 881 219 1S6 172 174 387 650 152 3,163 1,040 309 228 194 148 444 610 190 81 S 220 1S4 141 134 358 511 146 50 to 54 years. 4,877 2,712 958 264 207 158 137 364 469 155 2,165 678 215 1(56 lis 116 315 425 133 55 to 59 years. 3,358 1,138 355 262 201 187 404 648 173 1,975 707 iOO 160 113 113 243 343 96 1,393 431 155 102 88 7t 161 60 to 64 years. 65 years and over. ,064 295 207 163 12S 333 4V1 197 1,698 659 165 12:! 90 73 19S 273 117 405 130 81 73 55 135 212 SO 6,161 2,218 3,438 1,354 396 257 245 158 387 463 178 2,723 864 302 177 162 165 343 55) 156 957 296 85 64 44 46 85 103 234 185 54 36 24 34 51 64 159 111 31 28 20 12 34 39 75 142 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 18,— INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS. ISSAKE EXT7MEEATED Df HOSPITALS ON JANtT.CET 1, 1910. DWiaON, BACE, NATIVm-, ANB PAEENTAGE. Male. Female. Total. Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- known. Total. Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- known. UNITED STATES. AeereEate. . 98,095 62,663 26,047 5,405 1,040 .3, .-20 89,095 37,115 35,975 12,672 1,.308 1,966 White 91,(17 G0,C44 35,238 15,415 9,991 28,415 2,558 7,078 6,530 90 452 .5.<*,399 41,212 22,840 11,527 6,813 16,090 1,091 4,284 3,929 61 294 24,137 14,575 9,296 3,071 2,208 9,203 319 1,890 1,810 14 60 5,020 3,043 2,124 3M 355 1,911 72 379 361 7 11 1,005 740 513 129 9S 258 7 35 33 o 3,030 1,074 465 124 485 887 1,069 490 403 81 82,607 54,738 32,293 12,771 9,094 25,C81 2,168 0,489 0,374 76 39 34,904 25,7r4 14,30f. 7,140 4,318 8,471 669 2,211 2,108 26 17 33,086 20,639 12,457 4,263 3,919 11,886 561 2,889 2,844 30 15 11,634 6,740 4,501 1,135 1,044 4,081 213 1,038 1,020 15 3 1,327 1,018 640 186 192 288 21 41 37 2 2 1,656 597 329 47 221 3.55 704 Colored 310 305 3 Other colored 2 New England. 9,647 6,148 2,058 619 117 1C5 9,933 4,787 3,499 1,434 158 55 White 9,472 6,446 3,521 2,373 552 2,911 115 175 159 3 13 25,787 6,039 4,550 2,244 1,879 427 1,423 66 109 97 2 10 16,382 2,011 1,442 935 403 102 1,158 11 47 43 1 3 7,262 604 336 259 62 15 203 5 15 15 117 88 69 15 4 29 101 30 14 12 4 38 33 4 4 9,771 5,940 3,594 1,891 435 3,728 103 162 1.55 3 4 26,393 4,720 3,202 1,813 1,210 239 1,402 56 67 64 3 3,432 1,832 1,156 517 159 1,580 20 67 64 1,407 714 535 136 43 684 9 27 26 158 123 86 26 U 35 54 9 4 2 3 Foreign bom 27 18 Colored 1 1 3 10,129 1 4,015 Aeereeate.. 1,439 121 503 11,997 211 2a White 24,9f4 13,487 7,533 5,629 2,325 9,065 412 823 782 6 33 22, 118 15,853 10,782 4,970 4,132 1,680 4,859 212 529 498 4 27 13,257 7,030 3,694 2,002 1,213 479 3,280 56 232 226 1 5 6,191 1,428 758 459 235 64 659 11 31 29 1 1 1,190 120 92 61 21 10 28 533 IGl 41 28 92 239 133 30 28 25,847 14,703 7,491 5,197 2,015 10,807 337 746 738 4 4 19,128 11,687 7,589 3,558 2,974 1,057 .3,971 127 310 307 1 2 7,173 9,820 5,096 2,690 1,674 732 4,647 77 309 306 1 2 8,167 3,907 1,799 1,119 497 183 2,966 42 108 106 2 210 100 102 43 15 49 1 1 1 223 Native 59 22 Foreign or mixed parentage 9 28 Foreign bom 74 90 1 1 18 Negro 18 2 1,100 374 2,517 459 812 White 21,;31 13, 720 7,041 3,7CC 2,913 f.,750 1,0C1 587 570 8 9 12,CS9 12.90(i 9,026 4,355 2,777 1,894 3,498 382 351 341 5 5 8,228 6,o:i 3,451 1,940 768 737 2,456 144 140 138 1 1 3,109 1,1=7 055 419 122 114 468 34 39 37 1 1 610 302 209 168 52 49 89 4 12 11 1 1.05 319 !.« 47 119 239 497 45 43 ' 18,710 12,272 6,444 2,946 2,882 5,401 1,043 412 400 12 7,050 5,321 2,636 1,497 1,188 1,493 236 123 117 6 7,977 4,974 2,666 1,116 1,192 2,738 265 190 183 S 2,452 1,431 842 247 342 925 96 65 65 446 332 190 M 78 104 10 13 13 791 Native. . 214 Native parentage 110 Foreign or mixed parentage .... 22 82 Foreign bom 141 436 21 Negro. 20 Indian . 1 2 402 Aggregate 220 1 10,024 3,902 4,477 1,247 236 162 White 12,270 7,784 4,238 2,041 1,505 4,125 361 389 346 38 5 8,021 5,3r5 2,792 1,548 1,025 2,409 157 207 179 24 4 3,075 1,779 1,073 397 309 l,2f3 33 94 87 6 1 615 370 247 62 67 230 9 25 22 3 214 131 102 24 25 61 2 6 5 1 345 113 24 10 79 72 160 57 53 4 9,702 6,520 3,326 1,672 1,522 3,008 234 2G2 233 28 I 3,823 2,925 1 1,329 i 946 ! 650 822 76 79 70 » 4,373 2,659 1,465 573 621 1,651 63 104 92 11 1 1,193 708 407 119 182 461 24 54 47 7 231 178 111 33 34 49 4 5 6 142 Native.. 50 Native parentage 14 Fnrplpn nr miTprl parpTitflg** 1 35 Foreign born.. 25 67 Colored 20 Nepro 19 Indian 1 GENERAL TABLES. 143 Table 18.— INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS— Continued. INSiNE ENTJMEBATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUABT 1, 1910. DIVISION, RACE, NATIVITT, AND PARENTAGE. Male. Female. Total. Single. Married. Wid- owed. voreed. Un- known. Total. Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- known. South Atlantic. A ffereeate 10,372 6,762 2,581 599 50 380 9,580 4,376 3,608 1,340 69 187 "Winte 7,745 6,531 5,205 561 765 1,001 213 2,627 2,617 2 8 4,939 5,135 4,349 3,480 430 439 693 93 1,627 1,622 1,841 1,622 1,302 85 235 182 37 740 737 451 365 306 33 26 81 5 148 148 48 43 37 3 3 5 270 152 80 10 62 40 78 110 108 2 6,889 6,273 4,755 321 1,197 474 142 2,691 2,691 3,415 3,176 2,454 196 526 175 64 961 961 2,410 2,181 1,582 83 516 183 46 1,198 1,198 914 806 646 36 124 98 10 426 426 65 60 38 6 16 I 4 4 85 Native SO 35 15 15 20 2 2 102 102 5 3,022 3 1,389 East South Central. 264 21 243 4,820 1,874 1,915 729 42 260 White 3,709 3,525 3,295 149 81 169 15 1,230 1,229 2,336 2,229 2.069 103 57 100 7 686 686 1,044 ■ 994 937 38 19 50 199 188 179 5 4 11 13 12 11 1 117 102 99 2 1 7 8 126 126 3,511 3,372 3,162 142 68 113 26 1,309 1,308 1,502 1,465 1,347 82 36 35 2 372 371 1,338 1,288 1,218 43 27 45 5 577 577 487 461 446 10 5 25 1 242 242 36 36 36 148 Native 122 115 7 1 8 18 345 344 65 65 8 8 6 6 112 Negro 112 1 4,337 1 1,219 1 4,078 1 1,410 West South Central. 2,706 277 17 118 1,898 657 45 66 White 3,656 2,996 2,315 198 483 439 121 781 742 17 22 2,308 2,235 1,917 1,440 125 352 252 66 471 443 15 13 1,576 992 829 679 49 101 144 19 227 221 2 4 442 233 200 164 18 18 29 4 44 41 12 12 10 1 I 84 38 22 5 11 14 32 34 32 3,260 2,831 2,229 168 434 281 148 816 789 17 10 1,266 1,135 991 742 60 189 74 70 275 265 4 6 357 1,496 1,339 1,079 79 181 118 39 402 389 10 3 664 557 462 380 29 53 80 15 lOO 98 1 1 168 35 29 26 37 Native 10 Nat iv6 parentage 2 3 5 1 10 8 2 8 4 23 5 5 29 Necro 29 3 97 2 165 Mountain. 28 29 48 2,241 1,159 685 130 344 993 89 67 32 7 28 6,528 1,524 806 480 95 231 677 41 52 24 5 23 4,602 435 234 146 23 65 193 8 5 95 55 34 7 14 40 28 20 17 2 1 8 159 44 8 3 33 75 40 6 3 1,228 746 502 62 182 429 53 38 25 8 5 3,676 350 235 147 26 62 103 12 7 3 1 3 1,239 641 389 268 29 92 230 22 23 19 3 1 1,618 163 81 59 6 16 76 6 5 2 3 29 23 15 1 7 5 1 45 Native 18 13 Parentage unknown .... 5 15 f^at'vity imlfTiowTi . . 12 Colored 2 3 1 2 1 2 1,136 3 444 1 Pacific. AsCTeeate ... 254 92 565 119 135 White 6,129 2,996 1,405 568 1,023 2,962 171 399 59 9 331 4,350 2,188 1,010 438 740 2,095 67 252 39 207 1,078 530 276 93 161 537 11 58 9 3 46 244 110 57 20 33 130 4 10 4 91 53 38 10 5 37 1 1 1 366 115 24 7 84 163 88 78 6 3,623 2,101 790 372 939 1,440 82 S3 35 4 14 1,222 800 280 149 371 396 26 17 10 2 5 1.599 881 333 149 399 694 24 19 14 554 278 127 55 96 266 10 11 8 2 1 117 77 36 13 28 38 2 2 131 65 Native parentage 14 Forelpn or mixed parentage 6 45 Foreign bom 46 Nativity ii^knowTi , 20 Colored *. 4 Nepro. 3 Other colored 6 72 5 2 1 144 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 19.— MALE AND FEMALE INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS. mSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. DIVISION, RACE, NATTVITr, AND PAEENTAGE. Male. Female. Total. Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- known. Total. Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- known. UNITED STATES. A effreeate 34,116 16,501 13,379 2,588 527 1,121 26,653 8,907 12,839 3,949 459 499 White 31,646 22,190 13,792 5,996 2,402 8,838 618 2,470 2,304 32 134 3,632 15,So2 11,215 6,491 3,624 1,100 3,940 197 1,149 1,054 13 82 1,788 12,477 8,541 6,712 1,954 875 3,769 167 902 854 14 34 1,418 2,379 1,571 1,108 266 197 787 21 209 198 3 8 317 509 412 273 90 49 93 4 IS 18 929 451 208 62 181 249 229 192 ISO 2 10 48 24,536 17,439 10,742 4,089 2,008 6,6<<5 412 2,117 2,080 19 IS 3,354 8,289 6,452 3,697 2,101 654 1,725 112 618 606 4 8 1,326 11,817 8,201 5,203 2,034 964 3,462 154 1,022 1,003 12 7 1,417 3,629 2,241 1,529 446 266 1,334 64 320 316 2 2 516 440 342 216 73 53 94 4 19 19 361 Nat ive 203 97 Foreion or mixed parentage 35 71 70 88 138 Negro 136 I 1 New England. 61 69 36 White 3,566 2,315 1,337 852 126 1,225 26 66 53 1,746 1,217 606 542 69 617 12 42 33 1,398 839 546 253 40 554 5 20 18 313 184 131 39 14 128 1 4 2 61 51 44 6 1 10 48 24 10 12 2 16 8 3,296 2,M4 1,272 671 111 1,213 29 58 49 1,304 933 622 361 50 360 11 22 17 1,402 794 611 240 43 601 7 15 12 499 202 202 49 U 232 5 17 16 57 47 29 13 5 10 34 Native 18 8 Foreign or mixed parentage 8 2 10 6 2 2 2 2 13 7,866 9 3,804 2 3,230 2 623 9 6,803 5 2,435 3 3,111 1 1,137 Middle Atlantic. 65 144 70 SO White 7,621 4,758 2,606 1,861 291 2,809 54 245 227 1 17 7,548 3,674 2,482 1,245 1,101 136 1,175 17 130 120 1 9 3,323 3,142 1,845 1,089 653 103 1,289 8 88 81 603 323 221 82 20 278 2 20 19 63 54 38 15 1 8 1 2 2 139 54 13 10 31 59 26 5 5 6,588 3,929 2,102 1,611 216 2,624 35 215 212 3 2.364 1,575 802 701 72 774 15 71 70 1 3,004 1,742 923 709 110 1,256 6 107 105 2 1,105 546 330 187 28 558 2 32 32 68 47 33 10 4 21 47 20 14 4 2 15 12 2 2 3 3 7 3,161 1 529 A eereeate 204 331 5,643 1,717 2,811 798 164 153 White 7,347 5,113 2,889 1,738 486 2,035 199 201 186 5 10 4,180 3,2J7 2,429 1,243 996 190 759 49 86 82 2 2 2,099 3,076 2,057 1,272 605 180 976 43 85 80 1 4 1,595 519 320 220 64 36 191 8 10 8 1 1 323 202 1P9 100 46 23 31 2 2 2 313 138 64 27 57 78 97 18 14 1 3 89 5,520 4,090 2,326 1,339 425 1,330 100 123 118 4 1 3,279 1,682 1,415 716 566 133 251 16 35 33 1 1 1,132 2,749 1,967 1,191 603 173 758 24 62 60 2 782 506 315 122 69 262 14 16 15 1 158 121 76 35 10 36 1 6 6 149 81 2S Foreign or mixed parentage.., 13 40 23 45 4 Ne^o i West North Central. 74 1,587 443 73 44 White 4,024 2,828 1,605 8C2 361 1,026 170 156 142 7 2,029 1,493 781 548 1G4 480 56 TO 64 2 4 1,542 1,050 653 255 142 422 70 S3 48 4 1 302 204 126 44 34 90 8 21 20 72 60 33 10 7 21 1 2 2 79 31 12 5 14 13 35 10 8 1 1 3,156 2,242 1,221 698 323 764 150 123 118 6 1,092 861 429 326 106 184 47 40 40 1,528 1,032 665 311 156 420 76 59 64 6 429 274 186 49 39 136 19 14 14 72 54 32 8 14 16 2 1 1 35 Native 21 9 4 8 3 Nativit y unlcno wn 6 Colored 9 9 i GENERAL TABLES. 145 Table 19.— MALE AND FEMALE INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS— Continued. INSANE ADSUTTED 10 HOSPITALS nj 1910. DIVISION, RACE, NATIVmr, AND PABENTAGE. Male. Female. Total. Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- known. Total. Single. Married. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- Iniown. South Atlantic. 3,730 1,729 1,519 331 21 130 2,995 1,021 1,410 490 17 57 White 2,731 2,478 1,994 126 358 227 20 999 995 1 3 2,069 1,299 1,183 943 79 161 107 9 430 427 1,114 1,018 817 38 163 89 7 405 404 1 229 206 175 7 24 22 1 102 102 17 16 13 1 2 1 72 55 46 1 8 8 9 68 58 2,089 1,939 1,477 89 373 125 25 906 905 752 709 539 45 125 37 6 269 268 %7 906 684 33 189 52 9 443 443 335 300 235 10 55 32 3 155 155 12 11 8 1 2 23 Native 13 11 2 4 1 6 6 6 Colored 4 4 34 34 3 925 1 1,616 1 493 East South Central. 830 165 12 137 823 205 18 77 White 1,599 1,534 1,326 57 151 55 10 470 468 723 690 602 31 57 28 5 202 201 678 657 573 25 59 20 1 152 152 127 122 103 1 18 5 9 9 8 62 56 40 1,133 1,103 958 27 118 30 360 354 315 11 28 6 605 689 505 13 71 16 135 128 112 1 15 7 17 16 16 1 16 16 11 1 1 16 2 4 75 75 4 1 38 37 3 3 483 482 133 133 218 218 70 69 1 1 61 Negro 61 2 1,622 1. 808 1 89 1 1,346 1 153 We3T South Central. 664 8 53 358 786 12 37 White 1,430 1,260 1,084 61 125 140 30 192 179 7 6 1,134 702 619 518 32 69 73 10 106 99 2 5 626 603 634 472 15 47 54 15 61 55 6 1 348 81 75 66 3 6 6 8 7 6 36 25 22 1 2 6 5 17 17 1,179 1,061 894 40 127 90 28 167 164 2 1 489 318 300 236 13 51 16 2 40 39 1 689 626 554 17 65 46 17 97 95 1 1 294 144 112 88 8 16 28 4 9 9 10 10 7 IS Native 13 Native parentage 9 2 Pfirpntape llnlfTinwn 1 1 3 2 Foreign born 5 Colored 8 8 2 2 19 19 Aggregate 74 27 59 120 43 14 18 White 1,106 686 392 117 177 388 33 28 16 4 8 2,335 610 384 225 70 89 216 10 16 7 2 7 1,399 341 206 119 36 51 130 5 7 I 1 614 n 63 31 8 14 18 26 20 15 3 2 6 58 23 2 471 320 176 49 95 127 24 18 13 4 1 1,128 117 88 48 13 27 19 10 3 2 1 286 190 107 28 55 88 8 8 6 1 1 600 40 23 14 4 5 15 2 3 2 1 14 11 3 4 4 3 14 8 4 21 18 17 1 1 4 Foreign bom 2 Nfttlv'ty "nin?o\VTi 4 3 2 1 1 1 4 3 Inoian 1 Other colored Paofic. 137 55 130 305 164 32 27 White 2,222 1,218 559 332 327 933 71 113 38 7 68 1,332 718 328 225 165 585 29 67 21 4 42 683 335 171 74 90 235 13 31 11 2 18 134 84 35 18 31 49 1 3 51 36 16 9 11 15 122 45 9 6 30 49 28 8 2 1,104 701 316 165 220 382 21 24 19 1 4 300 217 90 65 62 78 5 5 4 687 355 163 80 112 225 7 13 10 1 2 160 91 47 16 28 64 6 4 4 32 25 13 1 11 7 25 13 Native parentage 3 3 Paren tage uniinown 7 8 4 Colored 4 4 2 Negro 1 Inrlinn 1 2 6 1 1 27622°— 14- -10 146 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 20.— INSANE 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, T= DIVISION AND CLASS. INSANE AT least 10 YEARS OP AGE ENUMEEATED IN HOSHTALS ON JANUAET 1, 1910. Aggregate. WUte. Total. Native. Total. Native parentage. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 1 UNITED STATES. Total : 187,737 98,663 89,074 174, 179 91,593 82,686 115,358 60,620 54,738 67,505 35,225 32,280 ? 142,315 35,959 9,463 75,642 17,896 6,125 66,673 18,063 4,338 137, 153 28,081 8,945 72, 749 14,028 4,816 64, 404 14,053 4,129 94,896 16,669 3,793 49,911 8,667 2,042 44,985 8,002 1,751 56,411 10,331 763 29,497 6,339 389 26,914 4,992 3(4 t Illiterate 4 New England. Total ', 19,577 9,645 9,932 19,240 9,470 9,770 12,383 6,444 5,939 7,114 3,521 3,593 A W,667 3,682 32S 52,373 7,769 1,709 167 25,781 7,898 1,873 161 26,692 15,443 3,479 318 60,804 7,653 1,656 161 24,958 7,790 1,823 157 25,846 10,602 1,658 123 30,183 5,429 945 70 15,481 5,173 713 53 14,702 6,168 924 32 15,022 2,986 621 14 7,631 3,172 403 18 7,491 7 Illiterate... 8 q Middle Atlantic. Total Literate in 40,339 8,096 3,938 41,246 20,009 3,697 2,175 22,118 20,330 4,499 1,763 19, 128 39,448 7, 549 3,807 40,247 19,533 3,324 2,101 21,531 19,915 4,225 1,706 18,716 26,171 3,237 1,775 26,992 12,829 1,663 999 13,720 12,342 1,584 776 12,272 13,292 1,565 175 13,485 6,636 783 112 7,041 6,656 772 63 6,444 11 Illiterate . . . . 1"' 11 East Noeth Centkai.. Total Literate.. 1^ 33, 109 6,493 1,644 22,678 17,948 3,458 712 12,655 15.161 3,035 932 10,023 32,631 6,096 1,620 22,027 17,606 3,221 704 12,266 14,925 2,875 916 9,761 22,041 3,632 319 14,299 11,692 1,883 14S 7,780 10,349 1,749 174 6,619 11,379 2,044 62 7,563 6,009 1,006 28 4,237 5,370 1,038 36 3,326 T) Illiterate. 16 Unknown 17 West Noeth Centeal. Total . . . Literate. IR 17,963 3,119 1,596 19,925 9,972 1,803 880 10,358 7,991 1,316 716 9, .567 17,678 2,833 1,516 14,614 9,796 1,649 821 7,737 7,882 1,184 695 6,877 11,733 1,783 783 12,784 6,337 1,036 407 6,523 5,396 747 376 6,261 6,478 845 240 9,943 3,622 603 112 5,198 2,856 342 128 4,745 14 Illiterate ?n Unknown. 71 South -Atlantic. Total ?? 12,913 6,459 553 9,756 6,980 3,043 335 4,937 6,933 3,416 218 4,819 11,328 2,831 465 7,218 6,148 1,293 298 3,708 5,180 1,538 169 3,510 10,060 2,456 268 6,895 6,254 1,111 158 3,524 4,806 1,345 110 3,371 8,001 1,891 61 6,455 4,243 922 33 3,294 3,758 969 18 3,161 ■"I Illiterate 74 7'i East South Centbal. 76 6,056 3,396 304 8,408 3,161 1,630 146 4,336 2,895 1,766 158 4,072 5,328 1,683 207 6,812 2,792 828 88 3,566 2,636 855 119 3,256 5,091 1,632 172 6,824 2,654 796 76 2,996 2,437 837 97 2,828 4,712 1,683 160 4,643 2,452 773 69 2,315 2,260 810 91 2,228 77 Illiterate .. 7R 70 West South Centeal. Total 10 5,278 3,025 105 3,570 2,754 1,527 65 2,305 2,524 1,498 50 1,265 4,782 1,938 92 3,463 2, .506 1,005 46 2,238 2,276 933 •17 1,227 4,239 1,535 50 1,901 2,167 811 18 1,166 2,072 724 32 745 3,399 1,127 17 1,185 1,707 600 8 683 1,692 527 9 502 11 Illiterate . . 17 11 Mountain. Total Literate 14 2,827 617 126 10,204 1,805 407 93 6,628 1,022 210 33 3,676 2,772 575 lis 9,762 1,762 387 89 6,129 1,010 188 29 3,623 1,548 319 34 6,097 937 198 21 2,996 511 121 13 2,101 983 198 4 2,195 569 123 1 1,406 424 75 3 790 1'> Illiterate . . . 16 17 PACinc. Total Literate 1R 8,163 1,172 869 6,244 722 562 2,919 450 307 7,843 1,097 812 4,953 665 511 2,890 432 301 4,411 417 269 2,612 235 149 1,799 182 120 2,009 164 22 1,283 108 14 726 56 8 19 Illiterate 40 GENERAL TABLES. 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND LITERACY, BY DIVISIONS. 147 INSANE 4.T LEAST 10 TEABS OF AGE ENUMEEATED Df HOSPITALS 3N JANUARY 1, 1910— continued White— Continued. Negro. Indian. Other colored. ■ Native— Continued. Foreign bom. Nativity imknown. Foreitrn or mixed parentage. Parentage unknown. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. 54,096 Male. Female. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. 28,176 15,407 12,769 19,677 9,988 9,689 28, 415 25,681 4,725 2,558 2,167 12,902 6,529 6,373 165 89 76 491 452 39 1 24,863 2,966 347 13,556 1,648 203 11,307 1,318 144 13,622 3,372 2,683 6,858 1,680 1,450 6,764 1,692 1,233 40, 452 10,224 3,420 21,817 4,775 1,823 18,635 5,449 1,597 1,805 1,188 1,732 1,021 686 951 784 602 781 4,701 7,687 454 2, .534 3,744 251 2,227 3,943 203 56 107 2 31 68 25 49 2 345 84 62 328 66 58 17 18 4 2 3 4 4,262 2,371 1,891 1,007 SS2 455 6,639 2,911 3,728 218 115 103 314 159 155 6 3 3 17 13 4 5 3,721 S19 22 10,822 2,064 292 15 5,626 1,657 227 7 5,196 723 215 69 4,339 379 132 41 2,324 344 83 28 2,015 4,767 1,716 156 19,872 2,187 656 68 9,065 2,580 1,060 88 10,807 74 105 39 749 37 65 23 412 37 50 16 337 212 93 9 1,520 106 47 782 106 46 3 738 3 2 1 10 1 2 6 2 ...... 4 9 8 9 4 ...... 6 7 8 39 35 4 9 9,611 1,060 151 6,712 4,9S3 554 89 3,766 4,628 506 62 2,946 2,268 622 1,449 5,795 1,210 316 798 2,913 1,058 306 651 2,882 14,072 4,111 1,689 12, 151 6,599 1,577 889 6,750 7,473 2,534 800 5,401 205 201 343 2,104 105 94 213 1,061 100 107 130 1,043 858 538 124 970 446 268 68 570 412 270 56 400 6 3 1 20 6 8 ...... 1 12 27 6 6 9 24 5 6 9 3 1 10 11 12 13 6,934 708 70 3,710 3,288 440 38 2,039 2,646 268 32 1,671 4,728 880 187 3,026 2,395 437 81 1,504 2,333 443 106 1,522 9,560 2,070 521 7,133 5,391 1,118 241 4,125 4,169 952 280 3,008 930 394 780 595 523 220 318 361 407 174 462 234 566 380 24 579 335 227 8 346 231 153 16 233 8 12 3 5 5 7 4 5 4 5 14 15 16 66 38 28 6 5 1 17 3,258 378 74 881 1,784 208 47 660 1,474 170 27 321 1,997 560 469 1,960 931 325 248 765 1,066 235 221 1,195 5,708 928 497 1,475 3,328 542 255 1,001 2,380 386 242 474 237 122 236 355 131 71 159 213 106 51 77 142 260 240 79 5,301 158 129 59 2,611 102 111 20 2,690 20 46 13 25 7 21 6 5 18 19 1 8 8 1 ?fl 2 2 21 767 113 1 291 499 60 1 149 268 53 142 1,292 452 216 149 612 129 124 81 780 323 92 68 1,172 270 33 282 827 151 23 169 345 119 10 113 96 105 154 41 67 31 115 15 29 74 39 26 1,579 3,625 97 2,536 826 1,747 38 1,228 753 1,878 59 1,308 6 1 1 2 6 1 1 1 1 22 2 2 23 24 25 261 26 4 366 136 12 1 198 125 14 3 168 lis 23 8 915 66 10 5 4S>3 52 13 3 432 230 41 11 720 135 29 6 439 95 12 6 281 7 10 24 268 3 4 8 121 4 6 16 147 727 1,712 97 1,531 368 802 58 742 359 910 39 789 1 1 1 ...... K ?7 28 33 16 17 32 22 10 29 299 61 6 192 166 32 130 133 29 6 62 641 347 27 524 294 179 10 343 247 168 17 181 473 233 14 1,422 295 139 5 993 178 94 9 429 70 170 28 142 44 55 22 89 26 115 6 S3 471 1,048 12 57 236 497 9 32 235 551 3 25 15 18 S 11 10 7 10 21 33 7 14 1 28 3 7 5 30 31 3? 15 7 8 33 152 36 4 940 105 22 3 568 47 14 1 372 413 85 26 1,962 1,542 188 232 273 53 17 1,023 140 32 9 939 1,143 218 61 4,402 781 163 49 2,962 362 55 12 1,440 81 38 23 253 44 26 19 171 37 12 4 82 35 20 2 94 25 7 59 10 13 2 35 ll ...... 7 19 8 6 345 18 6 4 331 1 2 2 14 34 35 36 13 9 4 37 860 65 IS 631 28 9 329 37 6 798 99 126 744 89 106 3,327 637 438 2,274 400 288 1,053 237 150 105 43 105 67 30 74 38 13 31 53 31 10 34 20 5 19 11 6 3 10 3 6 '■"■4 264 34 47 254 31 46 10 3 1 38 39 40 148 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Tablb 21.— insane 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED DIVISION AND CLASS. mSANE AT LEAST 10 TRAH.S OP AGE ABIHTTED TO HOSPTTALS IN 1910. Aggregate. White. Total. Native. Totol. Native parentage. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 1 UNITKD STATES. TotaL 60,711 34,082 26,629 56,128 31,615 24,513 39,576 22,160 17,416 24,497 13,771 10,726 Literate 7. 51,181 6,901 2,629 28,827 3,702 1,553 22,354 3,199 1,076 49,018 4,861 2,249 27,674 2,599 1,342 21,344 2,262 907 35,649 2,721 1,208 19,932 1,529 699 15,717 1,192 507 22,226 1,822 449 12,473 1,030 263 9,753 792 ISl 3 Illiterate 4 Net England. Total f, 6,986 3,632 3,354 6,862 3,566 3,296 4,369 2,315 2,054 2,609 1,337 1,272 Literate 6 6,106 66S 212 14,658 3,217 299 116 7,860 2,889 369 96 6,793 6,019 642 201 14,198 3,165 290 111 7,615 2,854 352 90 6,583 4,051 258 60 8,677 2,146 134 35 4,753 1,905 124 25 3,924 2,421 149 39 4,704 1,234 82 21 2,604 1,187 67 18 2,100 7 Illiterate 8 <) Middle Atlantic, Tot^^l 10 12,855 1,172 631 13,187 7,003 514 343 7,546 5,852 658 288 5,641 12,496 1,096 606 12,863 6,808 478 329 7,345 5,638 618 277 5,518 8,053 340 234 9,199 4,412 186 155 5,111 3,641 154 129 4,038 .4,384 187 133 5,212 2,436 92 76 2,883 1,948 95 67 2,324 11 Illiterate 1? UuknowD n East North Centeal. TotaL Literate 14 11,688 1,071 428 7,448 6,663 621 262 4,173 5,025 450 166 3,275 11,488 962 413 7,169 6,540 549 256 4,017 4,948 413 157 3,152 8,479 544 176 5,059 4,704 313 94 2,821 3,775 231 82 2,238 4,876 292 44 2,819 2,695 169 24 1,601 2,181 123 20 1,218 \', Illiterate ifi 17 West Noeth Central. TotaL Literate IH 6,646 619 183 6,711 3,712 340 121 3,723 2,934 279 62 2,988 6,505 499 165 4,809 3,634 273 110 2,726 2,871 226 55 2,083 4,679 309 71 4,406 2,618 162 41 2,473 2,061 147 30 1,933 2,630 166 23 3,461 1,502 88 11 1,989 1,128 78 12 1,472 1 5,032 1,502 177 3,680 2,801 831 91 2,065 2,231 en 86 1,615 4,198 487 124 2,728 2,383 280 63 1,596 1,815 207 61 1,132 3,872 442 92 2,633 2,109 260 44 1,531 1,703 182 48 1,102 3,057 359 45 2,280 1,744 215 30 1,323 1,313 144 15 957 ?3 '■J Unknown ?s East South Central. TotaL . .. Literate ?5 2,480 917 283 2,958 1,435 469 161 1,617 1,045 443 122 1,341 2,158 475 95 2,599 1,284 250 62 1,425 874 225 33 1,174 2,084 404 85 2,311 1,233 245 63 1,255 851 219 32 1,056 1,839 400 41 1,970 1,082 214 27 1,079 757 186 14 891 ?7 ?8 UnlcTirtwri M West South Central. Total Literate an 2,381 449 128 1,620 1,273 250 94 1,131 1,108 199 34 489 2,255 255 89 1,574 1,214 148 63 1,103 1,041 107 26 471 2,030 209 72 1,003 1,079 118 58 683 951 91 14 320 1,778 175 17 667 966 100 13 391 812 75 4 176 31 Illiterate 3i? 33 Mountain. Total 34 1,279 209 132 3,463 920 158 53 2,335 359 61 79 1,128 1,255 196 123 3.326 902 150 51 2,222 353 46 72 1,104 855 94 54 1,919 693 69 21 1,218 262 25 33 701 494 67 6 875 339 50 2 659 155 17 4 316 3'i Illiterate 35 Unknown. 37 Paopic. Total 3^ 2,714 294 455 1,803 220 312 911 74 143 2,644 249 433 1,744 181 297 900 68 136 1,546 61 312 978 42 198 568 19 114 747 27 101 475 20 64 272 7 37 3«M- ?|tii itn rernannfartnre 1 5 5 Furniture and cabinetworkers 112 57 273 112 62 271 61 34 209 IS 19 122 32 12 74 1 3 13 60 18 58 1 4 5 2 S 2 Printing and bookbinding 1 Printers, lithographers, and pressmen. . . . 247 26 275 IDS 245 26 274 106 189 20 125 60 112 10 60 29 64 10 52 27 13 52 6 148 44 4 2 2 All others in this class Textile mill and factory operatives 13 4 1 2 1 2 1 1 Tobacco and cigar factory operatives 1 GENERAL TABLES. 151 Table 22.— MALE INSANE 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 WHOSE OCCUPATION PRIOR TO ADMISSION WAS REPORTED CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND OCCUPATION PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE— Continued. MALE INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHOSE OCCUPATION PKIOK TO ADMISSION IS KNOWN. .Aggre- gate. White. Colored. OCCUPATION. 1 ) Total. Native. Foreign bom. Nativ- ity un- known. Total. Negro. Indian. Total. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Parent- age un- known. other col- ored. Manufacturing and Mechanical Pub- s uiTS— Con tinued . Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits common to 1,352 1,317 934 537 329 68 375 8 35 31 1 3 133 315 "2 51 511 199 70 1 368 1,589 133 308 72 51 506 176 70 1 364 1,512 114 202 57 41 350 113 56 1 225 1,093 7S 118 35 27 183 60 35 1 113 640 2S 68 20 12 141 45 15 8 16 2 2 26 8 6 19 103 14 8 155 62 14 3 1 2 1 1 7 6 1 HlHT'faCtiirfirsftnfl nflfiri^ilfl. Factory overseers, foremen, managers, and su- perintendents 5 23 3 22 i' 2 All others in this class 98 348 14 99 138 411 1 8 4 77 3 73 1 1 3 222 213 97 65 25 7 116 9 7 1 1 Sailors, except U. S. Navy, boatmen, deck >l^»I^(tflJ and ^ftTif^l TTiAn , . , 160 62 513 156 57 476 76 21 350 57 8 181 14 U 132 5 2 37 80 36 125 1 4 5 37 4 3 37 1 1 Koad street, and bridge transportation Livery stable keepers, managers, carriage and hack drivers, hostlers and stable hands 212 279 22 643 1S9 265 22 614 132 199 19 453 75 94 12 2S5 48 78 6 129 9 27 1 39 57 65 3 155 i 23 14 23 14 All others in this class ■Railv^iy tra"!?po*"t>fttion . . , 6 29 3 27 2 106 99 87 215 136 34 177 103 99 87 190 135 34 1 175 93 86 66 93 110 31 162 65 63 34 58 68 16 99 23 IS 27 26 35 13 49 10 8 5 9 7 2 14 3 13 21 93 25 3 12 2 3 Steam railroad engineers and fixeraen Railroad laborers 4 25 1 23 1 2 1 2 2 50 84 43 2,568 48 84 43 2,530 43 79 40 1,949 19 62 28 1,240 IS 21 10 503 6 6 2 141 5 4 3 534 i 2 2 Taade 47 38 28 2 8 Banking, brokerage, and money lending, capital- lists, and landlords.... 120 199 947 143 302 632 320 410 119 196 936 141 302 631 305 393 99 166 696 60 241 450 237 304 72 127 453 34 139 288 127 195 22 31 182 21 90 133 89 SO 5 8 61 6 12 29 21 23 17 25 216 SO 59 75 62 86 3 5 24 1 2 6 3 1 3 11 7 1 1 Insurance and real estate officials, managers, su- 2 6 5 ^/nolesale and retail merchants, dealers, import- ers, and. exporters S 3 1 15 17 1 15 14 PuBuc Service } Officials of the Army and Navy, soldiers, sailors, and 191 134 Si 1,271 177 131 85 1,225 141' 88 75 1,022 104 50 41 740 23 30 27 186 14 2 7 96 35 42 9 178 1 1 1 25 14 3 11 3 3 46 44 1 1 05 79 61 72 122 198 03 67 86 253 133 72 61 79 60 71 98 197 63 67 83 249 130 67 51 55 46 66 79 182 67 61 53 212 111 49 35 44 25 41 58 120 40 47 34 169 88 33 10 8 14 16 14 35 10 8 IS 2« 14 13 6 3 7 9 7 21 7 6 1 17 9 3 10 22 12 5 19 12 5 6 29 24 17 17 2 2 3 1 4 4 Architects, designers, draftsmen, and inventors 1 1 24 1 1 Authors, editors, reporters, journalists, and other 1 24 1 I 13 2 1 3 4 3 6 3 4 3 4 All others to tjiis class i 152 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 22.— MALE INSANE 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 WHOSE OCCUPATION PRIOR TO ADMISSION WAS REPORTED CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND OCCUPATION PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE— Continued. MALE INSANE IN HOSPITALS ■WHOSE OCCDPATION PRIOK TO ADMISSION 13 KNOytrS. Aggre- gate. White. j Colored. OCCUPATION. Total. Native. Foreign bom. Nativ- ity un- known. Total. Negro. Indian. Total. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Parent- age un- known. Other col- ored. Domestic and Pebsonal Service 1,350 1,093 650 338 261 51 437 6 257 211 46 220 91 258 461 73 158 89 7,172 186 88 254 349 53 88 70 6,280 118 68 171 171 32 41 49 3,824 74 39 75 89 14 17 30 2,172 30 20 87 67 18 24 15 1,251 14 9 9 15 68 19 78 178 26 47 21 2,397 i' 5 59 34 3 4 112 15 70 19 892 34 2 4 89 15 66 1 848 Hotel, restaurant, cali, and luoch-room keepers 1 8 All others in tliis class 4 401 18 Occupations Not Pecouae to Ant One 36 283 716 74 6,068 41 7 282 709 74 5,174 41 7 234 598 66 2,901 25 i 135 354 37 1,628 IS * 73 208 21 943 6 26 36 8 330 1 46 107 8 2,220 16 3 2 4 S3" 1 884 1 6 1 842 7 35 All others in this class.... Unclassiflable and all other occupations GENERAL TABLES. 153 Table 23.— FEMALE INSANE 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 WHOSE OCCUPATION PRIOR TO ADMISSION WAS REPORTED, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND OCCUPATION PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. PEIIALE INSANE IN HOSHTALS WHOSE OCCtJPATION PEIOB TO ADMISSION IS KNOWN. Aggre- gate. White. Colored. OCCUPATION. Total. Native. Foreign bom. Nativ- ity un- known. Total. Negro. Indian. Total. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Parent- age un- known. Other col- ored. 7,061 6,035 4,056 2,210 1,462 384 1,908 71 1,026 1,015 2 9 Agricultuee, Fokestey, anp Animal Hus- bandry 227 65 58 48 5 5 7 162 162 70 148 9 2 1,319 38 18 9 1 1,293 35 16 7 30 14 4 2 2 1 3 3 2 2 1 411 32 130 32 130 2 11 1 26 1 MANTTFACTUBma AND MECHANICAL PURSUITS. 871 367 442 62 24 2 8 1 733 8 1 721 6 1 489 3 1 213 2 1 2 dnthingf , , , 238 38 225 7 12 U 1 Clothing makers ... 590 89 54 14 21 47 1 32 191 34 168 578 89 54 13 21 46 1 32 190 34 158 388 69 32 9 15 36 176 24 13 2 8 11 182 39 17 7 6 22 30 6 2 1S3 20 22 4 5 10 1 3 83 16 43 7 12 11 1 i' 1 1 1 3 1 1 29 106 18 114 14 43 8 46 13 55 8 61 2 8 2 7 1 1 1 Manufacturing and. mechanical pursuits common to 1 10 10 156 12 69 43 146 12 68 43 106 8 48 41 42 4 18 20 57 4 30 19 7 39 4 19 2 1 10 10 1 1 1 Tbanspoetation 2 Road, street, and bridge transportation 2 1 2 38 211 2 1 2 38 208 2 1 2 36 163 2 1 Express transportation 2 15 66 19 80 2 17 2 44 1 3 3 125 86 5 650 124 84 S 634 104 59 4 552 53 27 1 382 40 26 3 122 11 6 19 25 1 71 1 1 2 1 2 Public Sebtice 48 11 16 15 1 89 414 147 4,091 88 402 144 3,392 73 368 111 2,026 48 253 81 1,138 19 81 22 667 6 34 8 221 11 27 33 1,322 4 7 44 1 12 3 699 1 12 2 694 All others in this class 2 1 3 Housekeepers and stewards 665 3,030 238 258 5U 644 2,474 128 246 392 43S 1,355 64 169 340 296 720 25 97 174 80 496 32 59 137 62 139 7 13 29 94 1,087 64 77 48 12 32 4 21 556 110 12 119 20 552 110 12 117 2 1 2 Occupations Not Pecut.tar to Any One Industey oe Service Geoup 2 Accountants, auditors, bookkeepers, and cashiers 71 121 154 162 3 2 70 119 154 46 3 2 CI 106 137 33 3 1 29 55 69 IS 3 28 43 54 12 4 8 14 3 8 11 16 13 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 Laborers (not othenvisespeciGcd) 116 115 1 All othAFs in thf.s rlasa Unclasslflable and all other occupations 1 1 154 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Tabm 24,— insane enumerated IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY LENGTH DmSION OE STATE. INSANE ENUMEEATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANVABY 1, L910. Total. Who have spent in hospitals for the insane - Less than 1 year. 1 year but less than 2. 2 years but less than 3. 3 years but less than 4. TotaL Male. Female. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. ) 187,791 98,695 89,096 23,788 13,363 10,425 15,491 8,235 7,256 14,703 7,760 6,943 11,802 6,299 3,303 GEOQEAPmC DmsiONs: 19,580 52,380 41,246 22, 083 19,952 9,759 8,413 3,674 10,204 9,647 25,787 22,118 12,659 10,372 4,939 4,337 2,308 6,528 9,933 26,593 19, 123 10,024 9,380 4,820 4,076 1,C36 3,670 2,395 6,526 4,619 2,793 2,773 1,458 971 603 l,d3fl 1,279 3,430 2,687 1,051 1,598 817 528 380 993 1,316 3,096 1,932 1,144 1,177 041 443 183 493 1,926 4,003 2 773 1,590 1 1,845 834 844 276 800 979 2,347 1,540 944 863 435 455 173 499 947 2,266 1,233 646 982 399 389 103 301 1,749 4,082 2,741 1,799 1,543 983 738 330 738 876 2,032 1,645 971 748 302 388 207 491 873 2,050 1,196 828 796 481 350 123 247 1,311 3,087 2,204 1,381 1,442 763 688 224 642 659 1,514 1,206 798 729 3S6 368 103 416 652 1,573 998 583 713 377 320 01 220 7 Middle Atlantic 4 5 East Nortli Central West North Central 7 8 East South Central West South Central 10 New England: 11 1,258 909 990 11,601 1,243 3,579 31,280 6,042 15,058 10,594 4,527 12,839 6,699 6,687 4,744 6,377 6,168 628 864 1,990 2,912 441 3,220 2,890 3,635 1,722 2,522 1,541 3,132 849 .1,538 2,204 2,039 1,978 1,092 2,158 1,110 4,053 697 388 162 1,199 219 337 342 230 1,987 1,565 6,653 693 40.1 528 5,633 C50 1,680 14,956 2,913 7,919 5,015 2,C05 6,846 3,079 3,743 2,755 2,896 3,231 '407 535 1,141 1,694 237 1,669 2,170 1,779 900 1,032 708 1,531 446 1,968 1,057 981 933 529 1,070 651 2,087 631 256 105 687 128 265 171 165 1,323 1,088 4,115 505 440 402 5,90C £93 1,899 16,325 3,129 7,139 4,979 2,292 5,993 3,020 2,844 1,989 2,481 2,937 221 329 849 1,218 204 1,651 720 1,856 822 1,490 833 1,601 403 1,570 1,147 1,058 1,045 563 1,088 459 1,966 166 132 57 512 91 72 171 03 662 477 2,537 117 132 105 224 490 3,690 783 2,063 1,333 495 1,331 740 718 505 567 893 104 123 213 390 46 441 397 541 123 400 j 141 587 99 616 162 337 343 180 72 322 397 80 78 29 193 45 51 54 33 377 157 952 67 07 54 734 119 238 1,868 411 1,151 7S3 2CS 769 459 408 303 338 630 55 73 136 214 28 219 320 291 62 177 115 321 67 375 90 184 168 85 41 189 213 60 61 17 118 27 38 37 22 261 135 597 SO 65 51 793 105 252 1,822 372 902 652 227 562 281 310 200 229 303 49 50 77 176 20 222 77 250 61 223 26 266 32 241 72 133 175 95 31 133 184 20 17 12 75 IS 13 17 11 116 22 .155 187 113 49 1,219 116 242 2,747 509 1,34? 653 412 749 427 532 379 349 422 55 85 158 142 25 276 219 •297 80 173 275 413 87 245 206 211 112 151 305 189 199 20 33 8 134 35 11 23 6 231 130 439 106 58 27 605 59 124 1,349 201 737 339 216 423 257 305 220 209 249 34 51 91 90 10 137 177 136 43 63 59 205 33 133 142 105 35 70 155 114 116 17 23 3 70 25 9 16 6 154 104 241 81 55 22 614 67 118 1,398 248 610 314 196 326 170 227 159 140 173 21 34 07 32 13 139 42 161 37 110 216 208 54 112 124 106 37 81 150 73 83 9 8 3 04 10 2 7 77 26 198 137 105 98 1,010 85 314 2,330 451 1,281 873 286 691 485 406 313 371 600 72 69 133 239 36 212 177 208 78 273 96 300 103 326 221 188 248 110 131 117 380 90 42 15 106 19 14 24 21 173 93 470 74 64 53 600 46 140 1,108 211 713 487 164 384 288 222 185 193 294 48 41 73 137 23 95 120 124 40 118 46 133 49 198 101 87 116 63 79 70 184 63 32 9 49 11 13 15 15 .110 72 309 63 41 45 510 40 174 1,242 240 568 386 122 307 197 184 130 178 306 24 28 60 102 13 117 67 144 38 155 60 167 34 128 120 101 132 55 52 47 196 27 10 6 56 8 1 9 6 65 21 161 110 56 71 759 107 202 1,827 378 882 698 238 531 402 373 20S 297 410 36 68 102 183 40 228 272 241 69 173 108 228 83 237 173 160 173 115 210 70 293 59 24 15 66 11 21 13 IS 127 77 438 59 31 39 372 65 93 858 174 482 376 122 287 266 215 134 170 230 40 38 57 109 21 95 202 100 36 63 61 108 47 132 90 87 77 60 112 40 166 50 16 11 51 5 14 7 9 76 64 280 57 25 32 387 42 109 969 204 400 322 116 204 136 160 111 127 180 16 30 45 74 19 133 70 135 33 110 57 120 36 123 83 73 96 63 98 30 127 9 8 4 15 6 7 6 6 a 23 152 1? l«i Rhode Island Middle Atlantic: New York IS 19 Of) East Noeth Centbal: Ohio oi •>? '■i West North Centeal: ?6 V •)S North Dakota.... ..... ?') 30 Nebraska. 11 r> Soirrn Atlantic: 31 Marylj^qri , , 34 15 District of Columbia Virginia 16 West Virginia 17 North Carolina 18 19 Georgia 40 Florida 41 East South Centeal: 4? Tennessee 41 44 4S West South Centeal: Arkansas 46 47 t^ Tpxjis 49 ifOtlNTAIN: 30 Idaho 51 'P Colorado 51 New Mexico 54 ii5 Utah 56 Nevada 37 PAOFtc: Washington 58 39 California GENERAL TABLES. OF TIME SPENT IN HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE, AND BY SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. 155 INSANE ENUMEEATED IN BOSPITAIS ON JANHAET 1, 1910— continued. Who have spent In hospitals for the Insane— 4yearg but less than 5. 5 years but less than 10. 10 years but less than 15. 15 years but less than 20. 20 years and aver. Years unknown. TotaL Male. To- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. TotaL Male. Fe- male. TotaL Male. Fe- male. TotaL Male. Fe- male. TotaL Male. Fe- male. 10,251 6,270 4,981 37,836 19,548 18,288 23,772 12,289 11,483 15,769 8,146 7,613 20,227 10,198 10,029 14, 162 7,687 6,576 1,166 687 579 4,364 2,163 2,201 2,513 1,211 1,302 1,531 741 790 1,975 973 1,002 450 179 271 2,645 ■1,221 1,424 10, 272 4,878 5,394 6,931 3,367 3,564 6,084 2,443 2,641 6,519 3,059 3,460 2,631 1,496 1,135 • 2,043 1,133 910 8,139 4,395 3,744 6,021 2,6:i 2,360 3,380 1,768 1,614 4,519 2,274 2,245 5,747 2,851 2,896 ■ 1,266 692 574 4,696 2,612 2,084 3,171 1,726 1,446 2,093 1,19: 1 142 125 17 « IS 9 9 74 29 45 63 24 39 45 22 23 26 11 15 2 1 ,v 17 13 * 37 22 16 20 13 7 23 17 6 53 44 9 5 4 5e 103 71 32 350 225 125 187 119 68 146 08 48 78 52 26 213 159 64 63 69 49 20 283 1S9 74 147 109 38 113 S2 31 141 100 35 376 188 187 .51 375 224 151 1,258 743 510 769 470 299 622 346 176 7.';4 467 2S7 675 427 243 5S 156 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 25.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY KACE, NATIVITY DmSlON, AND KCMBER OF PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS TO UOSFITALS. msANE admitted to eosfitai.1 in 1910. Aggregate. White. TotaL Native. TotaL Native parentage. TotaL Male. Female. TotaL Male. Female. TotaL Male. Female. TotaL Male. Female. 1 United States 60,769 1 34,116 26,653 56,182 31,646 24,538 39,629 22,190 17,439 24,534 13,792 10,742 Previous admissions: None 7 40,130 9,853 2,474 855 336 406 6,715 1 22,427 1 5,439 1,311 446 173 191 4,129 17,703 4,414 1,163 409 163 215 2,586 36,878 9,435 2,378 821 325 402 5,943 20,704 5,214 1,258 428 167 190 3,685 16,174 4,221 1,120 393 158 212 2,258 25,830 6,837 1,775 622 261 318 3,986 14,441 3,783 964 330 138 159 2,375 11,389 3,054 811 292 123 159 1,611 16,572 4,005 1,098 422 178 217 2,042 9,305 2,197 610 223 90 109 1,253 7,267 1,808 488 194 88 103 789 1 1 4 2 5 3 6 4 . .. 7 5 or more S <1 6,986 3,632 3,354 6,862 3,566 3,296 4,369 2,315 2,054 2,609 1,337 1,272 Previous admissions: 10 4,757 1,323 419 146 59 84 198 14,669 2,535 WS 205 67 29 34 114 7,866 2,222 675 214 79 30 50 84 6,803 4,669 1,299 414 144 59 83 194 14,209 2,490 636 203 65 29 33 110 7,621 2,179 663 211 79 30 50 84 6,588 2,847 907 289 96 40 63 127 8,687 1,552 456 146 45 20 28 68 4,758 1,295 451 143 51 20 35 59 3,929 1,717 520 157 67 30 47 71 4,708 1 914 251 74 31 14 18 35 2,606 803 269 83 36 16 29 36 2,102 17 1 1'' 2 13 3 M 4 15 in Not reported . ,. 17 AfTDTlT.F ATI.ANTlr Previons admissions: None IS 10,560 2,519 544 219 79 80 668 13,191 5,575 1,341 300 106 36 33 475 7,548 4,985 1,178 244 113 43 47 193 5,643 10,214 2,453 535 217 77 80 633 12,867 5,390 1,310 296 106 36 33 - 450 7,347 4,824 1,143 239 111 41 47 183 5,520 6,089 1,560 3S5 160 58 56 379 9,203 3,271 870 226 75 30 23 263 5,113 2,818 690 159 85 28 33 116 4,090 3,407 766 224 87 34 28 162 5,215 i 1,847 ' lf7 1 f8 13 115 1 2,889 1,560 333 87 44 16 15 47 2,326 19 1 •"O 2 ?1 3 V? 4 ?3 5 or more ?4 25 East North Central Previous admissions: None ^fi 8,794 2,271 597 195 83 122 1,129 7,459 5,055 1,270 316 104 45 64 694 4,180 3,739 1,001 281 91 38 58 435 3,279 8,554 2,239 591 194 80 122 1,087 7,180 4,915 1,245 311 103 42 64 667 4,024 3,639 994 280 91 38 58 420 3,156 6,060 1,661 460 148 73 100 701 5,070 3,381 904 233 84 38 55 418 2,828 2,679 757 227 64 35 45 283 2,242 3,500 893 257 100 52 69 344 2,826 1,931 476 136 64 24 39 209 1,605 1,549 417 121 46 28 30 135 1,221 77 1 ?S ■M 3 30 4 31 5 or more 3? 33 Previous admissions: 31 4,495 1,308 324 81 42 49 1,160 6,725 2,602 787 153 45 26 21 546 3,730 1,893 521 171 36 16 28 614 2,995 4,336 1,260 318 80 42 48 1,096 4,820 2,502 758 150 45 26 21 522 2,731 1,834 502 168 35 16 27 574 2,089 3,174 888 180 54 31 35 708 4,417 1,807 523 100 31 20 15 332 2,478 1,367 365 80 23 11 20 376 1,939 1,796 467 91 27 16 20 409 3,471 1,035 267 55 IS 11 9 210 1,994 761 200 36 9 5 11 199 1,477 3'> 1 36 2 37 3 3S 4 39 40 Not reported 41 Previous admissions; 4' 4,843 691 210 77 27 25 852 3,685 2,663 365 103 48 11 13 527 2,069 2,180 326 107 29 16 12 325 1,616 3,217 579 173 61 23 24 743 2,732 1,826 308 83 39 9 13 453 1,599 1,391 271 90 22 14 11 290 1,133 2,994 531 164 59 22 23 624 2,637 1,682 282 79 37 9 13 376 1,534 1,312 249 85 22 13 10 248 1,103 2,507 412 132 49 18 IS 335 2,284 1,430 227 69 S3 7 10 218 1,326 1,077 185 63 If n? 96S 43 1 2 4S 3 46 47 4R 49 >» 2,004 512 159 61 20 22 901 2,968 1,130 272 90 31 14 12 520 1,622 874 240 69 30 12 10 381 1,346 1,551 432 133 52 ■ 24 21 519 2,609 905 241 74 28 13 12 326 1,430 646 191 59 24 11 9 193 1,179 1,485 422 131 51 24 21 503 2,321 860 236 72 28 13 12 313 1,260 625 1S6 59 23 11 9 190 1,061 1,240 388 122 47 23 20 444 1,978 709 220 66 25 13 12 281 1,084 631 168 56 22 10 8 163 S94 Pil 1 ,S? 2 ■13 3 ,S4 4 S5 56 Not reported 57 West South Central. Previous admissions: None PiR 2,159 427 77 23 6 8 263 1,181 226 43 17 4 4 147 978 201 34 11 2 4 116 1,910 393 72 27 6 8 193 1,058 205 41 16 4 4 102 852 188 31 11 \ 91 1,695 367 70 26 6 S 149 924 192 41 16 4 4 79 771 175 29 10 2 4 70 1,513 315 60 24 2 7 57 830 164 35 15 1 3 3« 683 151 25 9 1 * 21 .19 1 60 2 61 3 6? fi.3 84 GENERAL TABLES. PARENTAGE, SEX, AND NUMBER OF PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS TO HOSPITALS, BY DIVISIONS. 157 INSANE ADMITTEO TO HOsnT/M.s Dt 1910— Continued White— Continued. Negro. Indian. other colored. Native— Continued. 1 i Foreign bom. Nativity unknown. Foreign or mixed parentage. Parentage im)mo«-n. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. 10,685 6.996 4,689 4,410 2.402 2,008 15,523 8,838 6,685 1,030 618 412 4,384 2,304 2.080 51 32 19 152 134 18 1 7,013 2,118 541 162 66 84 701 3.950 1,205 285 85 36 42 393 3,063 913 256 77 30 42 308 2,245 714 136 38 17 17 1,243 1,186 381 69 17 12 8 729 1,059 333 67 21 5 9 514 10, 673 2,497 532 191 62 83 1,485 6.042 1,378 284 95 28 31 980 4.631 1,119 248 96 34 52 605 375 101 71 8 2 1 472 221 53 10 3 1 330 154 48 61 5 1 1 142 3,129 395 92 33 10 4 721 1,620 207 61 18 6 1 401 1,509 188 41 15 4 3 320 32 9 2 1 1 23 6 9 3 2 1 1 91 14 2 80 12 2 11 2 2 3 4 ■; 5 7 6 3 3 45 40 6 8 1,523 852 671 237 126 111 2,438 1,225 1,213 65 26 29 102 S3 49 22 13 9 <)79 339 115 26 10 15 39 3.472 556 184 64 13 6 10 19 1,861 423 155 51 13 4 5 20 1,611 151 48 17 3 82 21 S 1 69 27 9 2 1,786 389 124 47 19 20 53 5.433 923 180 57 19 9 6 32 2,809 863 209 67 28 10 15 21 2,624 36 3 1 1 15 ""'l' 21 3 1 72 20 5 2 36 10 2 2 36 10 3 16 4 S 2 7 2 10 ]0 14 1 17 507 14' 291 1 3 216 1 2 439 1 2 227 14 89 10 54 4 35 2 17 2 17 16 212 4 1 3 17 2,445 689 148 69 22 26 73 3,077 1,304 375 82 31 11 10 48 1,738 1,141 314 66 38 11 16 25 1,339 237 105 13 4 2 2 144 911 120 62 7 1 1 "166' 486 117 43 6 3 1 2 44 425 4,101 877 148 55 19 24 209 3,365 2,107 431 69 31 6 10 155 2,035 1,994 446 79 24 13 14 54 1,330 24 16 2 2 12 9 1 12 7 1 2 330 65 8 1 1 169 31 3 161 34 5 1 1 1 1 1 ...... 15 15 18 10 1 1 1 1 1 1 0] 99 03 46 299 32 199 13 100 34 304 24 186 10 118 1 11 1 10 1 ?4 9 5 i 25 2,021 628 175 39 18 26 170 1,560 1,147 355 80 26 12 13 105 862 874 273 95 13 6 13 65 698 539 140 28 9 3 5 187 684 283 73 17 4 2 3 104 361 256 67 11 5 1 2 83 323 2,368 552 124 44 7 22 248 1,790 1,458 322 72 17 4 9 153 1,026 910 230 52 27 3 13 95 764 126 26 7 2 76 19 6 2 50 7 1 227 28 5 1 3 131 21 5 1 3 96 7 5 3 1 2 3 3 ' "i' 8 1 7 1 1 26 27 •)<> 30 31 138 320 96 170 42 150 40 260 25 142 15 118 2 7 2 7 ?*> 12 7 5 33 979 300 62 20 11 11 177 215 565 184 32 11 6 4 60 126 414 116 30 9 5 7 117 89 399 121 27 7 4 4 122 731 207 72 13 2 3 2 62 358 192 49 14 5 1 2 60 373 1,046 349 79 24 10 13 269 352 627 220 48 14 6 6 105 227 419 129 31 10 4 7 164 125 116 23 59 2 1 68 15 2 43 8 67 2 1 145 45 5 1 88 27 3 57 18 2 1 7 3 1 5 2 2 1 1 7 7 34 ?5 36 37 38 1 63 1,900 ■■24' 995 1 39 905 39 119 51 85 26 34 25 1 1 1 1 40 4 3 1 41 117 38 U 4 1 3 41 84 69 21 5 2 2' 27 57 48 17 6 2 1 1 14 27 370 81 21 6 3 2 248 269 183 34 6 2 2 i 131 151 187 47 16 4 1 1 117 118 208 43 8 2 1 136 24 4 2 72 19 4 15 5 1 8 2 7 3 1 1,621 112 37 16 4 1 109 950 833 57 20 9 2 "'74' 468 788 55 17 7 2 1 35 482 1 1 4 3 1 42 43 44 45 1 46 1 29 10 "ie 10 1 13 47 90 85 61 65 29 30 48 3 2 1 49 63 13 3 1 1 41 9 3 1 22 4 i' 182 21 6 3 110 7 3 2 72 14 3 1 60 10 1 1 39 6 1 21 6 i' 6 6 453 9 f 379 343 225 31 16 3 1 "192 179 228 49 10 6 1 1 187 164 ■in 51 1 1 V .53 54 1 56 252 29' 125 1 27 127 55 3 91 3 51 40 13 230 10 140 3 90 3 58 3 30 28 3 7 2 6 1 1 56 9 7 2 57 87 12 4 1 1 39 7 2 28 5 2 1 1 115 40 6 1 3 1 86 55 21 4 1 3 1 40 60 19 2 189 22 2 118 12 71 10 2 26 4 16 1 10 3 237 33 5 1 114 20 2 1 123 13 3 7 5 2 5 1 4 1 1 58 59 60 1 1 61 6? 63 « 3 3 46 i? 10 7 27 is 14 67 h 25 2 2 i i 64 158 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 25.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, DmSION, AND NUMBER OF PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS TO HOSPITALS. INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. Aggregate. White. Total. Native. Total. Native parentage. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. ] Mountain 1,623 1,134 489 1,577 1,106 471 1,006 6S6 320 568 392 176 Previous admissions: None. o 760 360 42 11 5 6 439 3,463 528 249 27 8 3 3 316 2,335 232 111 15 3 2 3 123 1,128 734 352 41 U 5 6 428 3,326 512 242 27 8 3 3 311 2,222 222 110 14 3 2 3 117 1,104 498 218 32 8 4 4 242 1,919 336 151 20 5 2 3 169 1,218 162 67 12 3 2 1 73 701 371 100 24 4 2 3 64 875 259 69 14 2 1 2 45 559 112 31 10 2 1 1 19 316 ■^ 1 2 5 3 4 ^ 1) Pacific Previous admissions: None 10 1,758 442 102 37 9 10 1,105 1,158 281 74 20 5 7 790 600 161 28 17 4 3 315 1,693 428 101 35 9 10 1,050 1,106 269 73 18 5 7 744 687 159 28 17 4 3 306 988 283 64 20 3 8 553 628 169 47 9 2 6 357 360 114 17 11 1 2 196 521 144 31 17 1 5 156 330 90 24 7 1 3 104 191 54 7 10 11 1 2 IT 3 4 111 2 62 1R GENERAL TABLES. 159 SEX, AND NUMBER OF PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS TO HOSPITALS, BY DIVISIONS— Continued. msAKE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910— Continued. White— Continued. Negro. TnHlftn Other colored. Native— Continued. Foreign bom. Nativity unknown. Foreign or ralied parentage. Parentage unknovn. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. 166 117 49 272 177 95 515 3SS 127 56 1 32 24 29 16 13 8 4 4 9 8 1 1 85 31 6 2 1 1 *1 497 £4 28 4 1 i' 29 332 31 3 1 1 1 42 87 3 2 1 23 54 2 2 1 19 33 1 226 115 9 3 1 2 159 1.315 168 88 7 3 1 ""i23 933 58 29 2 10 19 8 2 14 14 7 1 7 6 7 1 1 6 * 2 6 1 5 1 1 2 3 4 6 7 8 9 2 36 382 12 16S 137 547 95 327 42 220 27 92 19 ! 71 8 21 7 57 3 38 4 19 2 8 7 2 1 2 72 2 68 4 257 68 18 175 42 13 82 26 5 210 71 15 3 1 1 246 123 37 10 2 i' 154 87 34 5 1 1 92" 689 140 37 15 5 2 427 466 98 26 9 2 1 331 223 42 11 6 3 1 98 16 6 12 2 j 4 3 30 5 17 4 13 1 S 2 S 1 ...... 30 7 1 30 7 1 10 11 2 2 n 1 2 161 1 2 99 M 1 1 11 1^ 70 S6 14 20 15 6 1 1 34 30 4 le 160 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 26.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. CLASSIFIED BY DURATION OF PRESENT ATTACK BEFORE ADMISSION, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. insane admitted to hospitals in 1910. DIVISION OR STATE. Total. Duration ol present attack before admission. Less than 1 mouth. 1 month bnt less than 3. 3 months but less thane. 6 months but less than 12. 1 year but less than 2. 2 years but less than 4. 4 years but less thane. 6 years but less than 10. 10 years but less than 15. 15 years but less than 20. 20 years and over. Time un- known. United States 60,769 7,603 12,867 5,845 5,013 5,192 5,234 2,219 1,604 1,232 Oil 1,183 12,166 GEOGEAPinc divisions: 6,986 14,M)9 13, 191 7,459 6,725 3,685 2,968 1,623 3,463 903 2,056 1,074 883 885 451 541 234 576 1,404 3,327 2,429 1,468 1,692 958 620 314 649 648 1,631 1,177 616 818 377 314 105 259 561 1,336 1,161 623 622 2.59 274 100 177 MI 1,355 1,120 675 534 392 224 143 192 C49 1,445 1,162 625 514 260 277 97 205 313 598 503 249 206 122 100 37 91 247 404 338 209 176 74 73 28 56 197 307 261 151 131 60 71 21 33 96 143 132 05 72 39 42 13 9 255 233 266 136 127 70 05 17 25 1,062 Middle Atlantic 1,934 East North Central .... 3,572 West North Central 1,960 949 023 Wost South Central. . . . 361 514 Pacific ^ 1,191 New England: 509 320 270 4,236 490 1,155 8,530 1,640 4,499 3,336 1,270 4,053 1,974 2,558 1,425 1,611 2,779 224 204 411 905 127 1,273 597 1,234 493 916 646 1,112 325 1,227 932 831 696 255 491 743 1,479 278 203 42 722 84 135 103 66 8St 590 1,989 43 ■ 62 22 601 47 128 1,322 258 476 241 154 308 170 201 159 323 192 57 1 62 89 23 231 43 215 39 156 174 4 81 65 47 80S 76 267 1,861 291 1,175 912 269 571 392 285 161 240 686 37 74 77 193 39 302 155 364 88 217 114 353 54 36 21 371 53 113 929 189 413 401 169 269 166 172 111 106 197 24 22 39 117 13 110 146 130 50 U8 70 151 34 33 17 332 41 104 811 152 373 413 156 267 173 152 105 92 177 15 7 31 96 12 120 72 103 35 83 70 127 60 28 34 360 68 101 811 139 405 283 145 312 204 182 125 105 213 14 15 23 80 8 85 33 105 43 83 52 125 32 25 34 399 68 101 901 153 391 318 135 294 210 205 182 116 150 17 17 29 114 7 84 28 99 41 78 45 132 20 4 18 186 27 58 386 51 161 104 62 149 94 94 65 46 66 6 1 13 52 6 33 14 38 18 32 17 48 13 10 10 161 18 35 248 51 105 63 46 105 65 69 75 39 46 8 4 13 24 2 23 10 28 20 25 26 41 21 5 16 96 12 47 159 31 117 42 18 81 75 45 41 23 34 4 3 7 39 4 11 7 32 7 13 17 40 8 7 3 61 2 15 70 28 45 21 15 37 38 21 18 10 18 28 4 10 157 17 39 93 36 104 35 24 103 60 44 37 24 51 115 47 38 644 71 C-onnecticut 147 Middle Atlantic: New York 939 261 734 East North Centeal: Ohio 603 77 Illinois 1,557 '337 1,098 West North Central: 346 381 949 42 South Dakota 4 8 11 4 22 3 20 15 13 11 39 56 5 8 2 12 104 Kansas 82 South Atlantic: 7 Maryland 180 86 Virginia 14 7 9 5 23 86 132 North Carolina 59 45 Georgia 29 325 East South Central: 110 104 63 174 330 194 298 136 61 63 172 338 89 72 12 45 21 19 29 27 125 22 502 114 105 125 33 20 46 70 178 13 21 3 41 6 10 6 S 70 17 172 82 81 62 34 24 52 56 143 12 11 96 88 88 120 17 35 50 122 14 10 4 84 7 4 9 5 49 13 130 82 53 77 48 50 31 71 125 10 6 3 55 8 3 8 4 55 32 118 52 21 29 20 17 9 31 43 2 2 2 19 6 35 9 17 13 20 U 16 20 4 3 4 5 2 25 7 6 22 14 7 22 23 5 2 1 6 1 1 4 2 10 9 14 18 6 7 8 5 5 15 17 3 39 16 7 8 6 18 19 22 3 2 244 Tennessee 248 52 Mississippi 79 West South Central: 21 47 126 308 175 96 Texas 69 Mountain: Montana 123 28 9 135 10 34 17 1 214 55 307 40 2 5 2 54 6 7 4 6 41 25 111 8 3 266 14 67 Utah 6 10 2 1 1 1 7 1 7 5 PAcmc: Washington 24 Hi 51 15 9 32 1 13 11 279 378 Calilornia 634 GENERAL TABLES. 161 Table 27.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY DURATION OF PRESENT ATTACK BEFORE ADMISSION, AND BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. SEX, KACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE. BOTH SEXES. Aggregate White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Parentage urLknown Forei^ bom , Nativity unknown Colored Negro Indian Other colored MALE. Aggregate White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Parentage unknown Foreign bom Nativity unknown Colored Negro Indian Other colored FEMALE. Aggregate White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Parentage unioiown Foreign bora Nativity unknown Colored N^o Indian Other colored maiNE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. Total. 60,769 56,182 39,629 24,634 10,685 4,410 15,623 1,030 4,5S7 4,384 51 152 34,116 31,646 22,190 13,792 5,996 2,402 8,838 618 2,470 2,304 32 134 26,653 24,536 17,439 10,742 4,689 2,008 6,685 412 2,117 2,080 19 18 Duration of present attack before admission. than 1 month. ,603 6,769 4,503 2,767 1,261 475 2,205 61 834 804 2 28 4,335 3,897 2,607 1,618 723 266 1,244 46 438 414 24 3,268 2,872 1,896 1,149 538 209 961 l.T 396 390 2 4 1 month but less than 3. 3 months but less than 6. 12,867 11,834 8,465 5,671 2,142 752 3,256 113 1,033 983 10 40 7,215 6,633 4,690 3,123 1,179 388 1,S74 5S2 539 7 36 5,652 5,845 5,415 4,041 2,660 1,027 354 1,331 43 430 406 3 21 3,065 5,201 3,775 2,448 963 364 1,382 44 451 444 3 4 2,864 2,131 1,413 537 181 714 19 201 181 2 18 2,780 2,551 1,910 1,247 490 173 617 24 229 225 1 3 6 months but less than 12. 5,013 4,668 3,385 2,165 915 305 1,238 45 315 339 2 4 2,792 2,595 1,889 1,216 501 172 684 22 197 194 2,221 2,073 1,496 949 414 133 554 23 148 145 2 1 lyear but less than 2. 5,192 4,836 3,595 2,295 956 344 1,189 52 356 344 4 2,942 2,739 2,047 1,301 661 196 666 26 203 193 3 7 2,250 2,097 1,548 994 405 149 523 26 153 151 1 1 2 years but less than 4. 6,234 4,951 3,604 2,273 1,005 326 1,299 48 283 277 4 2 2,814 2,680 1,969 1,242 547 180 681 30 134 129 3 2 2,420 2,271 1,635 1,031 458 146 618 IS 149 148 1 4 years but less than 6. 2,219 2,094 1,547 966 432 149 526 22 125 119 4 2 1,107 1,046 802 525 201 76 231 13 61 56 3 2 1,112 6 years but less than 10. 1,604 1,533 1 135 703 317 115 387 11 71 64 5 2 1,048 746 411 231 73 294 9 64 63 1 779 587 376 156 56 185 7 34 29 3 2 791 754 648 327 162 59 202 4 37 35 2 10 years but less than 16. 1,232 1,171 936 600 249 87 228 692 470 295 133 42 119 3 33 32 1 607 679 466 305 116 45 109 4 28 28 15 years but leas than 20. 584 476 297 130 49 100 328 308 257 168 74 25 48 3 20 19 1 283 276 219 139 66 24 52 5 20 years and over. 1,183 1,141 954 605 237 112 179 638 617 616 328 139 49 97 4 21 21 546 624 438 277 98 63 82 4 21 21 Time un- known. 12,166 11,186 6,988 3,632 2,014 1,342 3,586 612 920 15 4S 7,442 6,896 4,225 2,197 1,258 772 2,295 378 546 497 4,724 4,290 2,763 1,436 768 670 1,291 236 434 423 27622°— 14 11 163 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 28.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO WERE DISCHARGED OR TRANSFERRED, OR DIVISION OR STATE. INSANE IN HOSPITAIS IN 1910. White. Discharged. Died. Transferred to in.sti- tutions not Jor the insane. Transferred to other hospitals for the insane. Committed prior to 1910. Committed in 1910. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. 1 27.614 15,261 12,353 16,868 9,939 6,929 279 200 79 3,705 1,849 1,866 1,467 894 673 Geographic divisions: New England ? 3,308 6,706 6,501 3,380 2,507 1,093 1,351 646 1,463 1,666 3,607 3,661 1,869 1,436 985 753 456 933 1,642 3,198 2,850 1,511 1,131 708 698 190 625 1,985 4,707 4,004 2,066 1,377 749 681 359 940 1,084 2, .591 2,423 1,304 808 415 3S3 264 667 901 2,116 1,681 762 569 334 298 95 273 61 26 43 69 20 12 6 7 66 36 23 34 36 15 7 3 2 44 15 3 9 23 5 6 2 5 12 5!S 749 1,155 832 140 29 78 193 11 273 389 602 332 67 17 23 146 11 245 3C0 653 50O 83 12 65 48 232 334 311 311 98 26 56 71 28 104 196 190 23S 61 17 27 48 23 128 138 121 73 47 9 29 23 6 3 Middle A tlantic 4 fi West North Central A 7 East South Central 8 West South Central 9 Mountain 10 New England: 11 212 1/2 163 1,885 279 637 3,812 813 2,080 1,817 661 1,906 1,099 1,118 719 802 1,162 60 75 146 416 66 587 233 380 259 365 214 409 64 601 439 396 257 91 163 418 679 114 89 18 269 2S 45 53 30 458 303 702 118 66 S8 918 161 326 1,967 403 1,137 1,037 261 1,110 689 648 426 423 610 38 46 90 236 31 309 180 205 137 165 114 256 39 345 278 225 137 52 75 248 378 84 66 12 177 20 38 36 23 304 201 433 94 76 65 967 128 312 1,847 410 943 780 300 790 510 470 293 379 652 22 29 66 180 25 278 53 175 122 200 100 153 25 256 161 171 120 39 88 170 301 30 23 6 92 8 7 17 7 154 102 269 166 145 110 1,128 133 303 2,686 681 1,440 1,108 415 1,304 690 487 381 486 636 63 74 172 264 38 268 198 222 162 123 95 216 66 34« 166 143 94 96 131 132 322 70 33 10 110 38 43 36 19 216 148 876 83 79 62 620 73 167 1,465 335 791 687 262 753 423 298 248 301 371 39 60 114 ISl 20 140 160 130 90 63 68 HI 36 196 94 73 53 54 63 80 186 68 23 7^ 32 35 19 12 165 114 388 83 66 48 508 60 136 1,221 246 649 421 153 551 267 189 133 185 266 14 24 58 83 18 128 38 92 72 60 37 104 20 151 72 70 41 42 68 62 136 12 10 4 31 6 8 17 7 51 34 188 33 3 6 431 9 36 618 47 84 15 464 39 61 586 166 28 622 9 14 2 3 233 3 18 320 23 46 6 203 24 32 337 93 13 216 5 19 1 3 198 6 18 298 24 38 9 261 15 19 249 72 15 406 4 6 11 1 121 20 73 243 7 84 48 42 38 78 106 10 45 208 2 1 1 6 1 49 11 36 143 6 47 27 18 31 60 64 4 31 172 2 1 6 5 ■■■72' 9 37 100 1 37 21 24 7 28 41 6 14 36 1? New Hampshire 2 1 1 n 14 Massachusetts 46 34 12 in ir. - ' Connecticut 3 13 7 6 7 1 13 6 4 3 2 i' 2 4 17 Middle Atlantic: 1H New Jersey 19 ?n East Noeth Central: ?i ?? Illinois 22 7 7 1 11 44 20 6 5 1 7 26 2 1 2 i' 18 71 Michigan ?4 ?'i West North Centeal: Minnp'^'iti^ 76 Iowa ?7 ?8 North Dakota ?9 South Dakota in 1 2 i' 1 31 8 S 3 46 28 17 V> South Atlantic: f? Marviand is 3 8 3 6 M 6 2 1 75 27 2 1 25" 27 4 1 1 60 58 16 27 16 31 1 34 IS District of Cohimbla. 16 4 4 1 8 2 1 6 17 IS South Carolina 19 2 2 14 1 18 7 6 1 11 6 8 7 1 Florida 41 East South Centbal: 6 7 5 2 6 27 2 15 2 12 f Tennessee 41 Alabama ... . . 1 1 West South Central: 46 1 1 3 1 2" i" 1 46 1 32 6 1 16 39 ie' 25 3 28 8 1 IS 17 2 10 47 Oklahoma 4S 49 Mountain: 45 34 11 f,] Wvomlne 1'' Colorado 7 2 5 I4S 111 37 70 48 22 51 New Mexico M 1 1 ns Utah 66 67 Pacific: 1 1 26 1 1 21 i' ■iS Oregon 44 12 35 9 9 3 64 Cplifnmia 11 11 GENERAL TABLES. WHO DIED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY COLOR AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. 163 INSANE m HOSPITALS IN 1910— Continued . Colored. Discharged. Died. II Transferred to institutions not lor tlie insane. Transferred to other hospitals for the insane. Committed prior to 1910. Committed in 1910. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 1,690 932 758 2,050 1,106 950 26 23 3 98 47 51 34 29 5 1 35 166 108 90 059 357 173 20 82 25 83 67 55 330 190 88 18 76 10 83 41 35 329 167 85 2 6 35 175 119 94 950 4S4 145 13 41 21 87 81 61 507 224 84 7 34 14 88 38 33 443 260 61 6 7 2 1 12 7 3 2 1 11 5 3 9 21 18 7 9 9 15 2 i 2 12 9 26 1 1 2 2 25 2 1 1 1 2 23 1 1 3 i 1 2 2 1 1 S 6 7 S 9 10 i 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 1 1 1 1 27 2 6 70 29 67 3S 15 41 9 5 3 4 So 19 2 4 3) 17 35 23 6 31 4 3 3 2 36 8 23 3 8 57 21 97 39 20 48 9 3 4 10 49 12 3 5 34 9 44 26 15 31 8 1 3 7 31 11 1 1 9 7 2 1 1 2 39 12 32 15 10 5 2 3 23 12 53 13 5 17 1 2 1 3 18 . 1 1 17 3 1 6 2 1 11 1 2 1 1 11 1 2 4 1 5 6 1 12 11 1 2 2 2 2 1 23 24 2S 26 27 28 29 30 31 2 2 19 7 5 2" 39 1 13 1 2« 22 20 2 2 1 25 7 50 67 158 13 98 122 97 47 66 131 41 119 5 S3 41 74 6 s 2 1 11 1 25 29 76 5 61 56 50 26 34 62 11 60 4 23 20 38 1 7 2 22 10 53 81 199 12 91 202 240 62 78 79 184 143 22 55 23 45 2 4 2 14 3 27 46 109 8 52 92 130 40 57 25 84 58 14 32 14 24 2 3 14 6 25 38 82 8 37 66 47 21 32 69 30 59 1 30 21 36 5 5 8 7 26 35 90 4 39 no 110 22 21 54 100 85 8 23 9 21 3 3 i 1 i 1 1 i 3 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 ■^s 40 1 1 1 1 42 43 44 1 1 46 48 49 ' 1 50 1 5 1 1 1 2 4 S 32 1 2 1 51 50 3 3 3 3 3 53 54 55 1 1 4 ! 12 1 1 3 11 1 1 1 I 1 1 1 3 S 26 1 1 58 70 65 5 6 1 1 i 1 164 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 29.— MALE INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED IN 1910, 1 rntSlON OR STATE. male insajte in hospitals who died in 1910. Aggre- gate. White. 1 Total. Age at death. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20to2l years. 25 to 29 years. 3D to 34 years. 35 to 39 years. 40 to 44 years. 45 to 49 years. 50 to 54 years. 55 to 69 years. 60 to 64 years. 65 years and over. Age un- known. 1 11,045 9,939 16 78 233 376 685 893 987 965 1,097 837 894 2,699 179 GEOGEAPmc divisions: •t 1,105 I 2,678 1 2,504 j 1,365 1,315 639 467 1 271 701 1,084 2,591 2,423 1,304 808 415 383 264 667 3 2 2 i' 2 2 i' 9 15 13 14 9 2 9 4 3 16 65 48 3D 28 13 14 6 13 30 89 90 52 32 23 22 7 31 63 188 150 88 63 30 34 28 61 87 252 219 116 57 41 35 30 56 113 277 252 111 64 43 43 28 56 106 282 232 139 45 33 36 26 66 135 283 263 138 88 52 36 30 72 104 229 216 93 57 36 36 17 49 108 221 198 129 82 39 31 23 63 306 667 698 355 262 90 78 59 184 4 21 42 39 27 11 7 6 22 3 4 i 1 1 1 1 4 1 5 1 6 1A 3 2 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 2 2 2 6 1 6 4 1 1 1 2 5 2 1 5 3 2 1 1 7 2 4 4 1 17 18 1 1 7 3 1 4 5 3 1 6 1« fO 3 1 2 71 1 2 1 ?? ?3 1 2 ?4 1 25 3 5 2 2 2 5 ?A 1 2 1 5 2 4 4 n 28 4 2 14 3 27 4fi 100 8 62 92 130 40 57 2.5 81 58 14 32 14 24 2 1 1 1 1 1 TO 1 1 30 1 1 1 1 1 1 5 7 1 4 12 9 2 3 3 12 5 2 3 1 1 3 1 1 6 31 1 2 32 3 5 10 1 6 10 10 5 6 3 9 1 5 9 5 5 4 1 7 6 3 4 7 1 3 2 15 6 5 2 6 6 4 ll 1 5 8 12 3 11 5 8 4 4 3 11 6 14 23 33 3 9 2 2 5 8 5 6 4 8 34 1 3 7 35 1 2 3 36 5 6 n 7 8 14 1 3 1 7 7 3 2 1 1 2 4 5 3 3 2 3 4 2 2 1 1 1 3 6 12 3 4 2 « 3 2 2 1 8 12 26 6 8 7 37 7 3 38 39 1 3 1 9 40 1 1 7 a 41 4? 7 6 4 2 5 4 1 2 2 2 43 44 45 1 1 4 1 2 1 5 1 4 4 3 6 a 1 46 47 4 3 1 48 49 50 51 3 1 i ■■ 1 52 53 1 1 54 55 1 3 5 26 1 56 1 1 1 3 1 ,57 1 3 1 3 1 4 1 3 ,58 2 5 2 1 ,59 166 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 30.— FEMALE INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED IN 1910, DIVISION OE 3TATE. FEMALE mSANE IS BO.'PITAIS WHO DIED IK 1910. gate. .White. Total. Age at death. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 23 to 29 years. 30ti34 years. 35 to 39 years. 40 to 44 years. 45 to 49 years. .50 to .'54 years. 55 to .59 years. 60 to 64 years. 65 years nntl over. Age un- known. 1 7.R79 6,929 11 57 195 330 458 577 5S2 6S6 573 523 580 2,328 123 GKOORAPHIC DIVIRIOKS: ? 915 2.204 l,lil9 1,012 594 3.59 101 280 901 2. HO 1,581 702 569 334 29S 95 273 i' 3 i 2' 1 3 14 7 5 10 7 6 3 2 20 58 43 2« 10 13 15 1 7 28 108 06 47 27 20 17 5 18 65 103 99 59 40 35 32 6 17 SI IfiO 134 04 46 44 46 15 17 71 170 133 63 41 27 37 10 23 03 176 147 c- 37 33 27 8 26 71 172 150 03 45 32 18 7 15 74 105 133 68 42 24 21 15 84 19! 120 03 49 17 22 7 23 365 770 52S 214 193 73 52 2S 9!) 4 18 29 28 25 9 3 3 4 ^ Middle Atlantic it East North Centra! 5 West North Central 6 7 8 West South Central. . . 9 10 Pacific New England: Maine 11 83 60 48 619 CO 139 1,214 2.5S 702 434 15."! 56S 208 191 134 1S8 2S.3 14 27 58 91 25 154 73 182 70 99 147 214 42 172 120 170 120 50 91 01 157 12 10 5 33 7 8 18 8 52 34 194 83 60 48 508 CO 130 1,221 246 C49 421 153 551 207 189 1?3 153 205 14 24 58 83 IS 128 38 92 72 CO 37 104 20 151 72 70 41 42 08 52 130 12 10 4 31 8 17 7 51 34 188 1 2 2 11 4 3 2 13 4 2 62 13 31 12 4 28 12 10 3 14 15 2 8 6 3 31 5 13 57 '5 33 25 10 41 13 8 11 14 21 1 1 4 7 2 C 34' 5 4 94 22 44 30 15 63 18 18 12 16 17 1 9 7 1 5 10 3 6 36 7 9 114 15 41 33 12 53 20 17 14 13 18 1 4 7 1 11 2 8 2 8 2 C 1 11 4 10 2 9 7 10 11 2 i' 2 3 5 2 40 3 105 17 54 38 U 47 27 21 16 16 21 2 4 2 1 7 4 8 4' 4 9 14 6 10 3 3 5 13 1 1 2 7 7 S 41 3 8 90 20 02 31 20 26 13 15 11 23 5 7 2 2 10 3 10 5 5 i' 3 14 C 5 7 3 4 3 8 9 7 2 43 1 12 107 14 44 29 12 42 20 14 13 13 20 1 5 1 10 6 7 2 7 1 8 5 5 5 4S 14 109 20 04 41 13 41 16 9 11 1.1 23 1 2 3 8 2 15 2 8 8 2 1 11 34 20 21 201 23 04 437 % 243 163 38 105 90 72 29 % 3 3 10 30 7 50 18 30 22 12 18 29 38 13 10 12 3 15 7 27 4 3 1 10 1 2 5 2 14 11 74 2 1 i" 8 5 5 8 7 4 9 1 4 4 19 i" 2" 1 6 U 4' i' 7 2 i' 1 1 ?■ 2" 2 1? n Vermont . . . • 14 3 1*1 ifi 4 32 5 21 9 8 15 5 5 9 3 2 1 2 2 1 i 3 17 Middle Atlantic: New York i' 2 2 18 New Jersey . If) •>n East Noeth Central: Ohio ?i r* Illinois 2 3 ?i ''1 West North Central: ?f» 1 2' ?7 Missouri 99 ^fl Nebraska. ... 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 3 V ?•* South Atlantic: n 5 1 2 3 2 6 2 7 5 2 3 3 3 8 11 ?i District of Columbia ss 3 3 8 2 11 2 19 8 3 5 3 4 5 20 3 7 12 7 3 9 2 18 10 11 5 9 12 8 17 1 3 1 3 2 1 1 3 4 3 10 ?fi West Virginia ^7 North Carolina 1 ?fi 7ft Georgia 3 1 2 1 3 1 3 3 5 4 3 1 5 2 3 5 41 East South Central: 10 8 4 2 s' 2 11 5 5 5 2 2 5 3 12 4? Tennessee 41 45 West South Central: Arkanftft^ i i' 2 2' 2 1 46 47 OUahoma 4R Mountain: i' 2 1 2 h'> Colorado . . ... 1 1 1 3 1 2 1 2 M 3 2 2 2 Fi=> Utah 1 1 4 1 2 3 3 19 fi6 57 Pacific: WaahingtATi 2 4 1 2 3 2 13 4 4 9 2 21 3 2 21 5 3 7 4 1 10 18 *^9 rftllfnmlsk GENERAL TABLES. CLASSIFIED BY COLOR AND AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. 167 FEMALE raSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED DJ 1910— COntiDUed. Colored. Total. Ago at death. Under 15 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 39 years. 40 to 44 years. 45 to 49 years. .50 to 54 years. 53 to 59 years. 60 to 04 years. 65 years and o\er. Age un- known. 950 5 33 93 US 103 105 84 70 64 50 51 130 32 1 14 SS 3S 33 443 2i;o 61 G 7 1 1 4 2 » 53 45 7 1 11 2 2 42 32 9 2 2 1 15 5 3 47 28 6 1 8 4 4 36 25 5 1 6 4 4 40 14 1 8 G 3 4 2 2 20 13 6 4 19 5 7 03 27 4 1 ? 1 4 1 49 26 7 5 3 1 1 1 14 9 4 2 S ;:::: 4 1 3 3 15 9 3 1 1 5 27 19 3 28 13 1 6 g 9 1 1 1 1 10 11 1' n 11 1 1 1 1 1 3 3 14 15 3 23 12 53 13 5 17 1 2 1 3 18 1 2 1 3 1 S 2 12 2 1 1 16 1 2 1 3 1 3 1 7 1 3 2 10 1 1 2 3 1 4 1 17 2 2 1 2 3 2 1 1 2 1 1 5 1 6 2 1 3 Iff 1 90 ?1 3 4 3 1 ■)•> 1 or^ 1 1 74 1 1 2 '5 i 1 1 3 ?fi 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 1 ■'7 ?8 3 1 1 1 79 fiO 8 7 23 35 90 4 39 110 110 22 21 54 lOO 85 S 23 9 21 1 1 1 i 2 5 1 1 4 1 4 8 17 1 6 14 11 2 C 7 6 8 1 2 11 2 4 I 1 1 4 8 1 4 2 8 1 1 3 11 V 2 1 3 1 3 7 3 3 8 1 2 7 1 1 11 5 8 14 15 3 1 6 16 4 12 16 2 1 7 10 8 1 2 1 3 4 23 11 3 2 5 18 20 1 3 2 1 8 10 8 2 1 8 9 14 7 12 14 3 2 9 13 4 1 3 2 2 10 8 1 2 6 10 7 1 1 1 2 1 6 16 4 2 1 5 6 2 3 2 7 8 1 5 3 1 1 1 6 5 4 2 8 1 2 3 5 3 2 1 2 6 1 38 19 2 1 40 (1' 1 4 6 8 3 4 2 1 4'' 8 41 44 45 4 1 4 2 2 1 3 1 1 2 46 47 2 1 1 1 1 4S 44 50 1 2 1 1 51 1 1 1 5? 51 54 1 1 1 1 Si 1 56 1 57 5S C 1 1 1 1 1 1 59 168 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 31.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED DIVISION OE STATE. All causes. CAUSE OP DEATH. Typhoid lever. Dysen- tery. Erysipe- Tubercu- losis of the lungs. Other forms of tubercu- losis. Cancer and other malignant tumors. Diabetes. Cerebral hemorrhage and soltening. General paralysis of the insane. 1 United States Geogeaphic DinsioKs: New KPgb^Tirl 18,924 113 145 157 2,433 217 282 44 1,147 2,447 •f. 2,020 4,8S3 4,123 2,160 2,327 1,233 826 372 981 9 18 13 31 16 3 17 4 2 23 7 38 10 44 12 4 3 4 20 27 42 16 23 7 14 1 7 182 595 503 306 337 233 122 17 138 24 37 71 31 24 12 4 5 9 39 71 78 28 28 11 5 3 19 174 251 237 150 132 56 44 22 81 264 844 619 263 128 73 43 83 130 3 11 16 7 6 4 East North Central ■) West North Central fi South Atlantic 7 East South CentraL S West South Central. 1 1 2 9 10 Mountain Pacifln New Englamd: 11 166 146 110 1,151 136 311 2,743 602 1,537 1,147 435 1,352 699 490 385 496 6S5 53 81 174 286 48 321 279 421 174 214 297 455 118 424 245 327 237 lis 186 155 367 72 33 11 115 39 44 37 21 220 153 608 1 1 1 16 IS '\ 89 20 36 348 53 194 129 31 215 66 62 79 67 85 10 14 23 23 6 34 33 63 21 43 38 76 23 83 34 57 59 25 28 8 61 3 2 1 12 13 13 83 9 44 118 40 93 69 45 59 33 32 13 58 55 1 1 8 14 2 22 17 34 9 11 12 17 8 13 29 11 3 2 9 12 21 6 2 19 15 12 141 33 44 567 115 162 169 53 246 108 43 33 66 92 6 1 27 38 S 38 12 New Hampshire . 5 13 Vermont 1 29 2 6 37 9 25 15 7 31 11 14 6 12 6 14 Massachusetts S 1 16 1 1 2 1 4 16 5 15 1 1 1 5 1 18 4 IS 16 P-onrepticiit 1 17 1 9 11 2 8 14 7 1 i 17 Middle Atlantic: NewYorli 15 21 10 6 14 23 23 6 5 10 4 7 8 1 2 9 2 3 2 IS New Jersey 19 3 2 W East Noeth Centrat.; Ohio ?1 T"d)ana , W TIliiira<;, 2 3 6 IS 5 2 4 7? Mlf'hip^n ?4 ?'i West Noeth Centbal: MinTie50f*\ 1 3 3 ?fi Iowa n 28 North Dakota. IX) South Dakota 1 3 4 2 -S 3 1 5 1 2 1 3 4 5 8 2 1 30 Nebraska 31 2 2 2 32 Sooth Atlantic: Delaware 33 Maryland 3 2 1 1 3 S 1 1 1 31' 9 2 1 i * 3 34 District of Columbia S.'i Virgini(4 18 12 11 15 20 11 28 23 22 16 West. Virginia . . ... 5 1 37 4 2 6 1 4 1 1 1 1 2 38 South Carolina 39 7 2 6 3 3 3 2 2 4 2 3 40 Florida 1 41 East South Centeal: Kentucky 5 4? 43 Alfthflma 1 6 1 44 Mississippi 2 4.'< West South Central: Arkansas 1 6 15 10 12 28 1 2 28 5 10 5 4 22 13 95 46 Louisiana 4 4 47 Oklahoma. . 1 16 1 2 7 6 48 Texas 1 49 Mountain: Montana. „ 1 ff\ Idaho 1 1 o1 Wyoming 2 2 1 S? Colorado 2 1 7 1 5 1 10 ss i 1 S4 Arizona 1 3 M Utah 1 2 2 11 24 46 .Vi Nevada 1 . . 1 2S U 86 57 Pacific: 4 1 2 5 2 2 2 7 10 M Oregon. 6« ralifnmia 2 4 2 GENERAL TABLES. BY CAUSE OF DEATH, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. 169 CAUSE OF DEATH— continued. other forms of mental alienation. Epilepsy. All other diseases of the nervous system. Organic diseases of the heart. Diseases of the arteries. Pneu- monia. Diarrhea and enteritis. Nephritis Bright'3 disease. SeniUty. Suicide. Violent deaths. All other causes. Cause unknown. 1,179 795 438 1,450 755 1,509 497 1,107 1,084 154 150 2,661 160 1 77 62 41 237 118 249 87 92 84 17 11 203 7 2 296 138 liS 413 374 574 114 394 122 40 45 418 25 3 219 146 146 295 155 308 102 166 264 36 33 606 30 4 153 107 42 143 20 118 43 150 187 16 18 300 21 5 140 110 43 153 34 130 58 133 172 14 11 536 55 fi lis 103 41 74 6 27 35 76 85 8 7 241 8 7 33 59 16 45 17 44 21 34 46 2 13 212 10 8 34 22 8 19 7 12 6 11 51 4 3 53 3 9 92 48 33 71 24 47 31 ol 73 17 9 92 1 10 11 17 11 36 4 « 3 37 3 2 2 27 36 31 13 100 U 3 9 70 13 9 7 195 12 6 6 58 3 10 7 35 3 2 11 60 2 2 1 4 1 14 9 8 131 11 1 1? 13 6 2 14 3 9 1 11 8 49 20 5 3 22 12 25 3 5 3 5 1 3 12 29 IS 7 5 4 16 85 53 35 281 213 403 S3 165 23 25 ,30 207 - 17 43 24 12 41 16 79 8 50 27 6 1 64 1 18 168 61 21 91 145 92 23 179 72 9 14 147 17 19 !« 17 46 67 25 76 30 58 91 11 14 193 2 20 28 34 25 22 4 24 20 30 12 1 4 59 4 21 38 47 37 122 62 129 24 42 44 5 4 194 2 22 25 29 28 65 02 53 26 24 47 6 6 82 3 23 45 19 10 19 2 26 2 12 70 13 5 78 19 24 16 11 9 25 2 12 3 72 26 4 2 38 3 2,1 30 26 15 40 10 7 41 44 2 15 28 31 18 13 16 50 34 19 3 9 87 144 10 1 V6 7 27 8 9 42 3 6 16 16 1 4 3 8 1 2 6 24 1 5 3 6 13 1 2 1 5 1 2 3 6 8 18 29 53 1 1 6 21 23 1 2 2 2 m 2 79 3 1 30 2 31 4 28 4 11 3 20 5 17 2 7 4 28 1 31 8 45 1? 6 5 6 2 8 33 10 25 14 21 3 9 24 43 19 1 43 23 U 2 20 26 18 35 3 1 1 1 50 60 34 14 Xi 23 3 7 8 1 2 2 2 17 1 1 43 5 38 29 15 3 3 80 9 18 28 2 37 16 3 32 4 24 1 4 2 1 2 5 6 20 9 12 10 3 21 12 16 24 3 . 14 7 27 29 7 44 3 45 129 121 35 40 1 37 3 13 2 2 2 4 3S 24 3 3 19 40 17 3 2 41 22 8 5 a 18 10 32 24 18 14 13 4 3 1 12 28 10 8 9 3 6 6 9 8 9 12 11 5 2 4 40 IS 8 7 20 8 13 5 13 2 1 50 89 62 14 31 5 4? 3 1 4? 4 2 1 4 44 41 17 1 1 48 11 13 11 16 4 8 13 15 6 21 1 13 3 16 5 23 58 109 4 5 47 1 8 48 3 5 2 U 1 3 2 6 1 6 13 1 11 1 15 3 1 6 49 1 1 2 V) 1 2 2 4 51 10 4 3 3 6 2 1 1 .W 4 5 2 2 1 2 2 1 1 1 16 6 29 5 3 9 3 9 14 50 1 11 11 3 26 12 54 fil 4 5 2 13 12 46 1 1 1 'vl 7 2 38 25 29 3 i1 1 1 22 2 23 1 4 16 14 6 28 1 2 3 12 3 1 5 "17 1 23 ■■8 32 27 1 59 170 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 32.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO WERE DISCHARGED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY DtnaON OE STATE. INS.INE IN hospitals dischakged in 1910. TotaL Male. Female. White. Total. Male. Female. Condition at discharge. Improved or recovered. Unimproved. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. \ United States 29,304 16, 193 13,111 27,614 15,261 12,353 22,773 12,458 10,315 4,207 2,n8 1,789 Geogeaphic DmsioNs: o 3,343 6,871 6,609 3,470 3,226 2,050 1,524 666 1,545 1,691 3,590 3,718 1,924 1,766 1,175 841 474 1,014 1,652 3,281 2,S91 1,546 1,460 875 683 192 531- 3,308 6,705 6,501 3,380 2,567 1,693 1,351 646 1,463 1,666 3,507 3,651 1,869 1,436 985 753 456 938 1,642 3,198 2,850 1,511 1,131 708 598 190 525 2,493 5,719 5,233 2,953 2,117 1,296 1,158 539 1,265 1,217 2,946 2,902 1,633 1,162 761 650 383 824 1,276 2,773 2,331 1,320 965 545 508 156 441 751 827 1,127 377 362 359 176 85 143 420 463 662 216 214 208 93 66 87 331 364 465 162 143 151 83 29 66 1 Middle Atlantic .l East Nortli Central i West North Central ft Rnn*h Aflsntip 7 s West South Central q in Pacific New Enqlakd: Afajno n 212 142 153 1,912 281 643 3,882 842 2,147 1,855 576 1,947 1,108 1,123 722 806 1,217 60 77 147 441 63 637 300 538 272 463 336 506 111 667 670 437 376 96 216 450 753 120 94 IS 272 28 46 54 34 470 303 772 118 66 88 937 153 329 1,998 420 1,172 1,060 267 1,147 593 651 429 425 646 38 46 90 250 37 334 218 287 115 202 ISO 303 60 377 347 255 196 53 105 269 414 89 71 12 180 20 39 37 26 315 201 498 94 76 65 975 128 314 1,884 422 975 795 309 800 515 472 293 381 571 22 31 57 191 26 303 82 251 127 261 158 203 51 290 223 182 180 43 111 190 339 31 23 6 92 S 7 17 S 155 102 274 212 142 153 1,885 279 637 3,812 813 2,080 1,817 561 1,906 1,099 1,118 719 802 1,162 60 75 146 416 56 587 233 380 259 365 214 409 64 601 439 396 257 91 163 418 679 114 89 IS 269 28 45 53 30 458 303 702 118 66 88 918 151 325 1,967 403 1,137 1,037 261 1,116 589 648 426 423 610 38 46 90 236 31 309 ISO 205 137 165 114 256 39 345 278 225 137 52 75 248 378 84 66 12 177 20 3S 36 23 304 201 433 94 78 6-5 967 128 312 1,845 410 943 780 30O 790 510 470 293 379 552 22 29 56 180 25 278 53 175 122 200 100 153 25 256 161 171 120 39 88 170 301 30 23 6 92 8 7 17 7 154 102 269 194 112 123 1,374 198 492 3,139 702 1,878 1,664 466 1,487 800 916 639 734 991 46 66 122 355 43 474 151 329 220 329 161 355 55 486 369 267 174 70 113 352 623 112 72 16 199 23 43 46 28 404 279 582 110 53 73 632 103 246 1,587 347 1,012 864 221 860 436 521 377 391 527 27 41 76 194 23 246 116 175 111 152 80 217 32 266 240 157 88 39 60 209 352 82 56 10 128 16 36 33 22 271 187 366 84 59 50 742 95 246 1,552 355 866 70O 245 627 364 396 262 343 464 19 26 48 161 20 228 35 154 109 177 81 138 23 220 129 110 86 31 63 143 271 30 16 7? I 13 6 133 92 216 17 27 26 468 77 136 570 93 164 231 82 375 278 161 78 62 160 11 8 12 56 13 94 62 28 33 30 52 54 6 110 58 129 62 21 46 59 50 2 13 8 12 11 271 45 73 313 49 101 154 34 238 139 97 43 28 78 10 4 8 39 8 50 38 11 20 10 33 39 5 74 31 68 35 13 22 35 23 2 6 9 15 15 197 32 63 257 44 63 77 43 137 139 64 30 24 82 1 4 4 17 S 44 14 17 13 20 19 15 1 36 27 61 27 8 24 24 27 I'' n Vermont 14 T, libode Island.. in 17 Middle Atlantic: New York IS New Jersey 19 ■'fl East North Centeal: Ohio ''I Indiana ni Illinois l-^ Michigan ?4 71 West Noeth Centeal: ?fi Iowa. . 'T ■?s North Dakota ■"fl South Dakota in N<*hP^sk^ ... fii 17 Sooth Atlantic: 11 Maryland. 14 Dlslxiot of Columbia . 1i Virginia Ifi 17 North Carolina IS Smith rarnlina. . . . 19 4n Florida 41 42 43 44 East South Centeal: Kentucky Tennessee Alabama 45 West South Centeal: 41? T.npisi^nf^ 47 4f! TfxTn^s 4<) MOITNTAIN: M^nt^nf* .10 fil Idaho 7 ■i") Colorado 57 4 1 7 1 4S 20 75 41 3 1 3 '6 1 SI New Xf nTi(Vi . , , . 51 Sfi Utah 4 1 19 8 29 fili 17 PAcmc: Washington 29 12 46 SS Ifl GENERAL TABLES. COLOR, SEX, AND CONDITION AT DISCHARGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. 171 IX3ANE IN HOSPITALS DISCHARGED DJ 1910— Continued. Wlilte— Continued. Colored. Conditition at discharge— Continued. Total. Male. Fe- male. Condition at discharge. Not insane. Not reported. Improved or recovered. Unimproved. Not insane. Not reported. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. 472 302 170 162 S3 79 1,690 932 758 1,4GS 801 667 190 114 76 19 11 8 13 7 1 47 128 112 34 70 25 12 15 29 24 85 69 14 65 18 9 12 IS 23 43 43 20 15 7 3 3 13 17 31 29 16 18 13 5 7 26 5 13 18 7 "8 I 11 12 18 11 1 5 4 2 15 35 166 108 90 659 357 173 20 82 25 83 67 65 330 190 88 IS 76 10 83 41 35 329 107 85 2 6 24 148 93 78 590 285 105 IS 67 17 70 57 49 298 147 85 16 62 7 78 36 29 292 138 80 2 6 11 16 13 U 62 66 7 2 12 8 11 8 6 28 37 3 2 11 3 5 5 5 24 29 4 ■> 2 2 1 8 3 1 2 2 i' 3 •? 4 1 6 i ij 9 3 2 3 7 6 7 8 1 2 2 1 1 10 1 1 11 3 4 28 4 g 101 S 22 21 3 38 14 36 2 7 9 1 i 4 10 3 6 66 4 15 19 1 14 9 26 1 2 3 2 T n 18 1 2 35 1 7 2 2 24 5 10 1 5 6 1 15 5 10 27 2 6 70 29 67 33 IS 41 9 5 3 4 55 19 2 4 31 17 35 23 6 31 4 3 3 2 36 8 18 13 5 9 2 6 2 3 14 11 1 2 13 16 1 10 6 7 S 1 3 9 s" 4 5 4 1 1 10 7 1 5 2 2 1 2 39 12 32 15 9 10 S 2 i' 19 6 65 23 60 30 14 37 8 4 3 3 48 4 28 12 30 17 6 29 3 2 3 1 33 2 37 11 30 13 8 8 5 2 16 4 6 7 6 1 4 1 1 2 4 5 4 i' 1 1 2 1 2 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 17 IS 19 2 2 '>n 71 ?? ?•» 74 '>S 9 2 2 1 2 2 2 1 1 1 7 i' i' 2 15 1 7 1 3 '>6 4 77 78 2 1 25 7 50 67 158 13 98 122 97 47 66 131 41 119 5 S3 41 74 6 5 ...... 6 26 38 82 8 37 66 47 21 32 69 30 69 1 30 21 36 5 5 2 1 11 1 25 29 76 5 61 56 50 26 34 62 U 60 4 23 20 SJ 1 1 1 22 6 37 52 158 11 06 98 88 44 48 122 33 82 5 49 37 74 5 6 ....... 5 18 32 82 8 35 57 43 18 27 60 24 36 1 29 19 36 5 6 1 1 10 1 19 20 76 3 01 41 45 26 21 62 9 46 4 20 18 38 1 1 1 Ofl 10 5 5 3 5 2 ^0 2 1 7 9 2 1 5 5 1 I II I-) 8 30 21 1 6 1 5 26 17 1 3 1 3 4 4 3' 11 8 3 2 4 6 2 4 33 6 1 5 34 2 5 2 5 3i 2 2 21 8 2 IS 6 8 34 i' 9 4 2 5 6 6 20 2 36 ?7 12 \ 13 3 3 1^ 1 1 1 i' i 1 39 3 4 1 2 4 1 1 40 1 11 1 6 5" 41 3 3 4' 2 14 43 20 13 7 1 1 3 3 44 4S 3 IS 4 3 4 2 i' 2 1 2 2 1 2 4 3 1 2 3 1 46 1 1 47 ■ i 1 48 49 3 2 7 1 1 3 2 4 1 1 1 1 VI ^1 3 6 4 2 3 3 2 2 1 1 57 SI 1 1 4 12 ( 1 1 3 11 1 1 54 1 1 55 1 3 1 25 1 2 ....... 1 1 4 9 3 8 1 1 ' 56 1 1 u 3 3 20 2 2 7 1 1 13 1 1 2 2 .57 5fl 70, 66 s 68 54 4 U 10 1 1 1 64 172 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Tabm 33.— insane IN HOSPITALS WHO WERE DISCHARGED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY CONDITION AT DISCHARGE, SEX, AND AGE AT DISCHARGE, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. INSANE IN HOSPITALS DISCHARGED IN 1910. Total. Male. Female. Condition at discharge. AGE AT niSCHAR'JK. Improved or recovered. Unimproved. Not insane. Not reported. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. Total. Male. Fe- male. All ages . ... 29,304 105 1,364 3,209 3,770 3,854 3,896 3,257 2,845 2,348 1,575 1,112 725 444 226 145 429 16, 193 65 753 1,845 2,065 2,150 2,110 1,759 1,552 1,249 884 632 407 247 135 71 270 13,111 40 611 1,364 1,705 1,704 1,786 1,49S 1,293 1,099 691 480 318 197 91 74 159 24,241 59 1,119 2,639 3,096 3,209 3,277 2,777 2,411 1,985 1,346 902 558 297 146 78 342 13,269 33 616 1,508 1,650 1,753 1,741 1,473 1,322 1,089 762 502 307 163 89 41 211 10,982 26 5U3 1,131 1,446 1,456 1,536 1,304 1,0S9 896 584 400 251 134 57 37 131 4,397 42 205 516 592 569 530 397 367 308 203 192 156 127 72 61 00 2,532 30 119 304 363 351 309 237 195 129 106 117 93 70 40 29 40 1,865 12 86 212 229 218 221 160 172 179 97 75 63 57 32 32 20 491 3 31 40 57 58 65 61 48 42 20 12 10 15 5 6 IS 313 2 14 27 38 39 43 38 27 27 15 8 6 10 4 1 14 178 1 17 13 19 19 22 23 21 15 5 4 4 5 1 5 4 175 1 9 14 25 IS 24 22 19 13 6 6 1 5 3 89 i' 6 14 17 H 2 86 Under 15 years 1 15 to 19 years... 5 S 26 to 29 years 11 30 to 34 years... 11 7 11 U 50 to 54 years... 9 5 1 70 to 74 vears... 1 1 Ago Tl"IrTiown 9 5 4 GENERAL TABLES. 173 Table 34. -INSAXE WITH GENERAL PARALYSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. f'LASSIFIED BY RACE, INSANE WITH GENERAL PARALYSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. Aggregate. White. Colored. DIVISION OK STATE. Total. Native. Foreign j born. Nativity unknown. 1 Total. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Parentaiie imknowD. Negro. Other colored. 3,8S4 3,670 2,486 1,420 783 283 1,111 73 208 6 GEOGRAPHIC divisions: New England 300 1,335 905 417 287 130 60 163 177 355 1,282 940 402 219 104 42 160 166 230 742 688 310 181 99 36 106 94 140 373 382 206 143 39 24 66 47 79 346 227 72 12 2 2 17 26 11 23 79 32 26 58 10 23 21 120 533 221 76 37 4 3 47 70 5 7 31 16 1 1 3 7 2 5 51 25 16 68 28 8 2 8 Middle Atlantic 2 East North Central West North Central South Atlantic East South Central West South Central 1 3 Pacific . New England: 31 16 8 220 46 39 978 125 232 220 67 390 138 150 40 80 244 3 2 20 28 1 143 25 24 19 13 34 14 14 87 14 20 9 5 20 10 IS 42 31 16 8 217 44 39 940 117 225 216 64 375 135 150 39 79 232 3 2 20 27 1 110 23 16 19 11 26 9 4 78 11 6 9 3 14 10 15 42 26 15 8 122 30 29 481 82 179 190 59 246 102 91 22 62 184 2 1 13 26 1 80 19 16 18 9 25 9 4 76 10 5 8 3 14 7 12 24 25 10 8 62 19 16 206 34 133 134 38 125 58 27 11 38 130 1 1 3 4 1 1 New Hampshire 2 Massachusetts 63 10 12 285 40 41 48 7 73 39 60 11 22 33 7 1 1 10 8 5 8 14 48 S 4 93 13 9 468 32 43 23 4 109 29 56 17 16 34 1 1 6 1 2 1 1 1 3 3 3 1 20 4 3 3 2 Rhode Island Middle Atlantic: New York. 36 8 7 4 3 15 3 2 Pennsylvania East North Central: Ohio Illinois WiosT North Central: Minnesota } 12 2 21 1 1 7 1 14 Missouri North Dakota South Dakota Nebraska 4 22 1 63 14 16 6 6 25 8 4 16 10 5 8 3 5 7 9 9 2 4 1 1 South Atlantic: Delaware Marvland 9 1 8 4 30 4 33 2 8 Disfrict of ColumbtJ. Virginia 1 11 3 1 North Carolina 2 1 2 8 5 10 9 3 14 South Carolina 1 Florida East Sotrni Central: Kentuclcy 2 58 2 1 1 Tennessee Alabama 1 West Soin'B Central: .\r kansas 2 6 L/OuLsiana 2 7 3 Texas 3 6 3 16 Mountain: Montana 9 2 2 107 3 S 2 1 37 29 111 2 104 3 6 2 1 37 29 100 2 73 3 2 1 1 20 18 56 1 49 3 2 1 1 9 7 31 1 16 Colorado 8 26 5 2 1 New Mexico 4 1 Utah Nevada Paotic: 10 if 1 6 14 17 11 42 r«lifnrnln,. 2 8 174 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 35.— INSANE WITH GENERAL PARALYSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION. BOTH SEXES All ages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over '. Age unknown MALE. All ages , Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 65 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years , 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years , 80 years and over Age unknown FEMALE. All ages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years -. 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age nnknown INSANE WITH GENERAL PARALYSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. Aggregate. 3,884 17 47 134 218 421 612 669 590 445 267 U 28 80 144 323 495 546 475 347 217 126 56 33 37 19 895 6 19 54 74 117 123 115 White. Total. 3,670 17 37 123 199 398 £89 646 566 421 249 2,840 11 25 75 133 307 478 529 456 329 203 117 49 29 35 17 .S30 6 12 48 66 91 111 117 110 92 46 37 30 18 19 10 Native. Total. 16 31 95 137 278 416 452 362 284 164 1,937 ID 25 61 96 216 331 376 290 210 133 83 31 19 22 13 549 6 6 34 41 62 85 76 72 74 31 22 IS 9 6 3 Native parentage. 1,420 9 14 61 85 154 218 253 208 159 94 70 35 19 18 9 16 j Foreign or mixed parentage. 1,130 5 U 40 64 124 173 211 173 120 78 58 24 14 15 7 13 290 4 3 21 21 30 45 42 35 39 16 12 11 5 1 2 £ 12 25 39 90 162 155 119 92 53 15 4 2 5 2 606 4 9 15 26 67 132 130 94 177 1 3 10 13 23 30 25 25 26 11 5 1 1 2 Parentage unknown. Foreign bom. 1,111 1 6 25 60 116 166 190 199 130 141 149 164 112 258 Nativity unknown. A 13 1 24 1 27 2 m 1 41 35 3 IS 14 1 13 2 15 7 2 11 2 6 1 Colored. Negro. 208 144 64 Other colored. GENERAL TABLES. 175 Table 36 — INSANE WITH GENERAL PARALYSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION, AND BY SEX, BY DIVISIONS. SKX, ANK PLACE OF RESIDENCE PEIOE TO ADMISSION. United States. New England. Middle Atlantic. East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic. East South Central. West South Central. Mountain. Pacific. BOTH SEXES. 3,884 360 1,335 965 417 287 130 SO 163 177 Residing prior to admission in places having a population of — Less tban 2,500 775 325 268 199 237 622 1,336 122 40 38 49 32 51 55 94 1 115 71 81 52 82 142 779 13 236 99 78 57 39 162 267 27 166 44 14 15 35 40 82 21 68 22 9 18 7 30 111 22 69 15 6 8 5 20 17 6 6 1 8 8 36 19 19 12 2 62 3 10 28 2 500 to 10 000 . 11 10 000 to 25,000 25 000 ' 50 000 . 4 60,000 to 100,000 100 000 to 500 000 103 600,000 imd over Not reported 8 5 15 MALE. Acereeate .... 2,989 283 1,002 765 313 203 94 35 135 159 Residing prior to admission in places having a population of — Less than 2,500 568 254 212 160 196 524 974 101 895 30 27 39 27 47 48 63 87 64 62 41 72 116 559 11 333 171 79 60 43 31 147 216 18 200 115 34 11 11 19 36 67 20 104 52 17 6 15 6 24 64 19 84 43 12 3 7 5 17 11 33 18 18 11 2 42 3 8 28 26 2,500 tol0,000 10,000 to 25,000 g 25 000 to 50 000 4 50,000 to 100,000 7 100,000 to 500,000 500,000 and over 7 36 IS FEMALE. 77 Residing prior to admission in places having a population of— Less tlian 2,500 207 71 56 39 41 98 362 21 10 U 10 5 4 7 29 1 28 17 19 11 10 26 220 2 65 20 18 14 8 15 61 9 51 10 3 4 16 4 15 1 16 6 3 3 1 6 47 3 26 3 2 1 6 2 3 1 1 1 2 2,500 to 10,000 10,000 to 25,000 25,000 to 50,000 60,000 to 100,000 1 5 100,000 to 500,000 3 20 500,000 and over 1 1 2 176 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 37.— INSANE WITH ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. insane with alcohouc psychosis admitted to hospitals Dl 1910. Aggre- gate. White. Colored. DrViaiON OE STATE. Total. Native. Foreign bom. Nativity unknowa Total. Negro. Indian. Total. Native parent- age. Foreign or mixed parent- age. Parent- age im- known. Other colored. United States 6,122 5,819 3,782 2,068 1,377 337 1,917 120 303 284 9 10 Geogeaphic divisions: Now England 89S 1,613 1,321 679 538 26S 239 225 441 892 1,569 1,287 662 445 205 213 217 429 478 968 861 343 401 201 176 134 220 182 465 405 195 327 150 146 94 104 267 464 379 120 32 25 10 20 60 29 39 77 28 42 26 20 20 56 410 596 397 167 41 3 25 77 202 4 6 29 52 3 1 12 6 7 6 44 34 17 93 63 26 8 12 6 41 32 15 93 63 21 8 5 Middle Atlantic 1 1 2 2 East Nortli Central . 1 West North Central Soutli Atlantic East South Central West South Central 3 2 New England: Maine 33 37 30 620 56 122 978 323 312 413 75 359 135 339 194 105 186 3 1 20 70 27 172 64 69 50 35 37 67 27 106 60 86 16 5 40 139 55 31 8 6 150 3 15 33 37 30 614 56 122 954 312 303 400 70 347 131 339 191 104 178 3 1 20 65 21 150 40 59 46 32 26 56 9 92 52 45 16 5 28 128 52 29 8 6 147 3 12 25 18 23 309 30 73 657 189 222 300 50 201 87 223 72 84 113 2 1 14 57 15 132 38 57 39 32 26 54 8 90 51 44 16 5 23 106 43 8 4 99 2 11 21 9 15 98 9 30 225 100 140 176 42 81 37 69 20 43 74 4 9 8 184 19 43 320 70 74 98 3 93 38 147 52 40 22 2 8 17 7 303 26 49 396 119 80 92 18 137 43 109 118 19 17 I New Hampshire 2 Vermont Massachusetts 27 2 2 6 6 Khode Island Connecticut Middle Atlantic: New York 12 19 8 26 1 4 1 8 4 9 1 7 1 1 48 24 11 9 13 5 12 4 22 10 9 13 6 11 3 1 1 New Jersey I East North Central: Ohio Indiana Illinois 1 Michigan 1 Wisconsin West North Central: Minnesota 3 1 8 1 8 1 1 17 Missouri North Dakota South Dakota 1 4 53 13 97 29 57 26 22 26 49 8 1 40 44 41 16 5 11 91 39 2 4 1 75 2 6 ■ Nebraska 10 6 7 5 18 8 1 6 1 1 1 Kansas 4 2 20 S 5 6 22 18 10 4 3 11 1 18 14 8 41 4 6 22 18 10 4 3 11 1 18 41 1 South Atlantic: Delaware Maryland 15 4 District of Columbia Virginia 1 1 West Vir^^inia ii" 10 North Carolina South Carolina Georgia 5 2 1 2 Florida East South Central: Kentucky 19 3 3 22 4 Tennassee 1 Alabama 1 West South Central: ArkftTisa.'j , , Louisiana 5" 4 1 3 7 10 3 3 3 11 8 21 4 4 45 2- 9 1 12 11 3 2 12 6 3 2 3 2 Texas Mountain: Montana Idaho Wyoming 1 9 15 3 1 3 3 New Mexico Arizona 5 1 3 3 Utah Nerada 12 109 73 259 12 107 71 251 S 44 40 136 4 23 13 68 2 20 14 26 2 1 13 42 2 63 28 111 2 Facd-ic: Washington 2 8 1 1 Oregon 3 4 2 CaUfomia 4 1 3 GENERAL TABLES. 177 Tablb 38.— insane WITH ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PAP.ENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. SEX, AKD AGE AT ADUISSION. BOTH SEXES. .Ml ages Under 15 years 15 to 19yoars 20 to 24 vears 25 to 2'J years 30 to M years 36 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to .54 years 65 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 09 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age imtnown MALE. All ages Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 60 to 54 years 65 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 70 to 74 yeare 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age unknown FEMALE. .\Uages Under 15 years 15 to I9yoars 20 to 24 vears a? to 29 years 30 to 34 years 33 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 to 64 years 65 to 09 years 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over Age unknown INSANE •WITH ALCOHOUC PSYCHOSIS ADMirTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. Aggre- gate. 6,122 3 35 223 600 870 1,056 954 744 610 40S 262 173 66 31 17 902 2 12 37 74 121 162 173 HI 70 62 37 23 WWte. Total. 5,819 2 28 199 562 811 1,009 906 719 593 396 262 172 53 29 15 5,015 1 1 23 19 186 173 526 498 749 715 R94 881 781 760 633 611 MO 627 356 348 22.i 216 I.tO 149 48 46 2.5 24 14 12 1 9 26 64 96 148 156 108 66 48 36 23 7 6 3 Native. Total. 3,782 2 28 159 396 574 596 435 360 229 129 93 32 18 2 1 17 137 361 513 696 608 3S1 330 207 116 83 27 14 2 37 462 1 9 22 45 61 Native parent- age. 2,068 1 13 89 229 313 360 322 230 1,827 1 9 76 207 279 300 277 204 170 115 74 59 19 12 Foreign or mixed parent- 12 62 133 213 281 227 163 151 79 33 16 7 45 117 193 246 192 146 138 71 28 13 6 169 Parent- age un- known. 337 1 1 IS 34 43 57 47 42 23 24 18 U 2 2 285 Foreign bom. Nativity unknown. 1,917 2 39 157 219 295 301 269 223 159 118 77 20 11 13 1,592 2 35 139 189 243 235 218 188 133 96 64 18 10 10 325 120 103 Colored. Total. 308 1 7 24 38 69 47 48 26 17 12 10 1 3 2 2 205 Negro. 284 1 7 24 37 58 42 42 22 17 11 187 Indian. Other colored. 27622°— 14- -12 178 INSANE IN HOSPITALS. Table 39,— INSANE WITH ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY PLACE OF RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION, AND BY SEX, BY DIVISIONS. SEX, AND PLACE OF RESTOENCE PRIOH TO ADMISSION. United States. New Eng- land. Middle Atlantic. East North Central. West North Central. South Atlantic. East South Central. West South Central. Mountain. Pacific. BOTH SEXES. \effreKate . . 6,122 89S 1,613 1,321 579 538 268 239 225 441 Residing prior to admission in places hav- ing a population ot— Less than 2.S00 1,302 641 532 447 403 1,178 1,292 267 77 128 119 101 128 127 203 15 230 141 142 98 107 282 599 14 268 141 121 104 79 241 325 42 239 52 29 38 68 57 54 52 127 53 49 43 40 77 108 41 83 33 23 32 12 63 1 21 129 32 13 8 26 19 2 10 50 22 21 11 1 105 99 2 500 to 10 000 39 15 25 000 to 50 000 12 50 000 to 100.000 12 100 000 to 500.000 207 500 000 and over. . . 15 67 MALE. 5,220 737 1,293 1,176 538 467 214 211 207 377 Residing prior to admission in places hav- ing a population of — Less than 2.500 1,181 571 467 393 390 985 997 236 902 67 112 104 89 101 102 148 14 161 200 125 116 86 91 228 437 10 320 256 130 111 90 72 206 272 39 145 227 50 23 34 M 54 49 47 41 111 45 47 39 33 62 90 40 71 64 26 20 29 7 £4 117 28 12 8 22 16 1 7 28 4? 20 19 11 1 95 92 2 500 to 10.000 35 10,000 to 25.000 15 25.000 to 60.000 7 50000 to 100000... . . . .. 9 100,000 to 500,000 16S 14 54 14 18 51 FEMALE. 64 Residing prior to admission in places hav- ing a population of— Less than 2,500 121 70 65 54 73 193 295 31 10 16 15 12 27 25 55 1 . 30 16 26 12 16 54 162 4 12 11 10 14 7 35 53 3 12 2 6 4 4 3 5 5 16 8 2 4 7 15 18 1 19 7 3 3 5 9 1 7 12 4 1 3 2 2 7 2,600 to 10.000 4 10 000 to 25 000.. 25 000 to 60 000 £ SO 000 to 100 000 4 3 1 3 3 100 000 to 500 000. 10 39 Not reported i 6 GENERAL TABLES. 179 Table 40,— INSANE WITH BOTH GENERAL PARALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. INSANE WITH BOTH GENEBAL PABALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED rO HOSPITALS m 1910. Aggre- gate. White. Colored. SEX, ANU AGE AT ADMISSION. Total. Native. Foreign bom. Nativity unknown. Total. Negro. Total. Native parentage. Foreign or mixed parentage. Parent- age un- known. Indian. BOTH SEXES. All ages ... .... 201 1 I 6 16 21 32 33 28 23 12 12 8 4 187 1 1 5 15 20 29 30 27 21 11 12 7 4 132 1 1 5 11 16 22 21 15 14 8 9 4 2 82 1 37 13 53 2 '' 13 1 Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 1 1 2 6 9 6 4 4 1 1 20 to 24 years 4 10 13 13 10 8 3 7 2 2 1 1 1 3 3 1 2 1 1 1 25 to 2) years 2 4 4 7 9 12 6 2 3 3 2 1 3S to 39 years 3 3 1 2 1 40 to 4 4 years 2 1 2 3 1 1 50 to 54 years 1 1 60 to 64 years 65 to 69 years 1 1 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 80 years and over 1 3 1 3 1 2 1 2 1 MALE. All ages 147 137 100 63 26 11 37 10 9 Under 15 years 15 to 19 years 1 2 9 17 22 26 23 18 9 9 5 3 1 2 8 16 20 25 22 16 8 9 4 3 1 2 7 13 14 17 12 13 6 7 3 2 1 20 to 24 years 2 4 10 10 11 7 7 2 5 1 2 25 to 29 years 1 3 4 5 4 4 2 1 1 2 1 3 6 8 10 3 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 1 30 to 34 years 1 35 to 39 years 2 1 1 2 1 40 to 44 years 1 1 2 2 1 1 45 to 43 years 60 to 54 years 55 to 59 years ... 65 to 69 years 1 1 70 to 74 years 75 to 79 years 1 2 54 1 1 2 50 1 1 2 32 1 1 Ag»*utitrpowii , .. 2 19 1 FEMALE. 11 2 16 2 4 4 Under 15 years 15 to 19 vears.; 20 to 24 years 4 7 4 10 7 5 5 3 3 3 1 3 7 4 9 5 5 5 3 3 3 1 3 4 3 S 4 3 1 2 2 1 2 3 1 3 5 1 1 1 25 to 29 years 3 1 1 1 2 3 30 to 34 years 3 2 3 1 1 2 1 1 2 1 2 40 to 44 years 1 45 to 49 years 1 1 55 to 59 years 1 60 to 64 years 1 2 1 65 to 69 years 75 1 3 79 years 80 years and over ■ 1 1 1 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS (181) FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. 1910. INTRODUCTION. Feeble-mindedness has been broadly defined as comprising all degrees of mental defect due to arrested or imperfect mental development as a result of which the person so affected is incapable of competing on equal terms with his normal fellows, or of managing himself or his affairs with ordinaiy prudence. The feeble-minded as thus defined range in mental develop- ment from those whose mentality does not exceed that of a normal child of 2 years to those whose mentality is as high as that of a child of 12. The great majority of the feeble-minded are not confined in institutions but live at large; many are inmates of prisons and reformatories; many others are in almshouses, and some are confined in hospitals for the insane. Only a small fraction of the feeble-minded are taken care of in special institutions designed for that class, but the development of recent years is in the direction of pro- viding such institutions, and for that reason the sta- tistics in this report which deals with the inmates of this class of institutions have a timely social significance. In connection with the population censuses from 1850 to 1890, inclusive, the attempt was made to enumerate all the mentally defective in the general population. The methods adopted in different years were not uni- form, and the results can not be regarded as complete or comparable. In the case of the feeble-minded the com- parability of the returns is also affected by the fact that from 1850 to 1880 the enumeration, according to the terms used, covered chiefly, if not entirely, those whose idiocy or imbecihty was apparent. With increasing study of the defective classes, however, there arose a conviction that there were many on the borderland of mental deficiency, who, though not en- tirely helpless or dependent, were possibly an even greater menace to society than those who were. They were evidently not idiots, in the ordinary acceptance of the word, and the term "feeble-minded" was adopted in the report for 1890 and has been used ever since. Since 1890, however, no general enumeration of this large and ill-defined class has been attem]>ted by the Bureau of the Census. In 1904 and again in 1910 the census was restricted to the inmates of special institutions for this class. An important factor affecting comparisons of dif- ferent periods is the change that has taken place in the general methods of care for the feeble-minded. Formerly almost all of thi^ class under institutional care were in almshouses or in asylum- for the insane. As late as 1890 only 16 states had provided separate institutions for the feeble-minded, and the number of such institutions was only 24. In 1904 the num- ber of institutions had increased to 42, and the num- ber of states making such provision was 25. In 1910 there were 63 institutions reported by 31 states. At the present writing (1914) there are only 7 states which make no special provision for this class of defectives; and in an increasing number of states the statutes provide for their transfer from alms- houses to separate institutions as rapidly as possible. The eft'ect of these conditions upon the statistics is apparent. In the 1890 census the institutional population, enumerated as feeble-minded, included 5,254 in special institutions and 2,469 in hospitals for the insane ; and in addition to these, 7,81 1 inmates of almshouses were returned as "idiots," making a total of 15,534 feeble-minded or idiots. In 1904 the number in special institutions had risen to 14,347 and in 1910 to 20,731. The 1904 and 1910 censuses of the insane in hospitals made no separate enumera- tion of the feeble-minded inmates of those institutions, nor was there any record made of those in reform- atories or other correctional institutions; but the 1904 report on paupers showed 16,551 inmates of almshouses classed as feeble-minded, which number was reduced in the report for 1910 to 13,238. On January 1, 1904, a total of 30,898 feeble-minded per- sons were either in special institutions or in alms- houses, and on January 1, 1910, a total of 33,969. Table 1 FEEBLE-MINDED. TKAB. In special institu- tions. In alms- houses. In hospi- tals foi the insane. 1910 20,731 U,347 5,254 13,238 16,551 » 7,811 (') 1904 (') 1890 2,469 ' Not reported. ' Includes only those classed as "Idiots." An indication of the situation as to the feeble- minded in a single state is furnished by the report of the Massachusetts state board of insanity, which has charge of institutions for this class. According to the report of this board for 1912, the results of a special census of the feeble-minded showed a total of 5,007 feeble-minded enumerated in the general popula- tion (2,640 males and 2,367 females). In addition, 245 were reported by overseers of the poor, making 5,252 not in institutions. The number in institutions (183) 184 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. was 2,587, including 1,915 in two state institutions for the feeble-minded and 672 in state hospitals and asylums. According to this census the total nimiber of feeble-minded in the state was therefore 7,839. The census was not regarded as being complete, but it is of interest to note that if the number of feeble- minded in proportion to total population was the same for the entire United States as it was in Massa- chusetts according to this census, the total number of feeble-minded would be over 200,000. Probably this may be regarded as a conservative estimate of the number of feeble-minded in the United States. It would indicate that not over one-tentli of the feeble- minded are being cared for in special institutions. Another item of interest, although it does not affect the interpretation of the statistics, is the fact that the institutional care of feeble-minded, as will be seen, has become almost entirely a function of the state. A variety of causes have combined to produce this result. The tendency of the day is to regard all de- pendents of whatever class as wards of the state, for whose care the state is primarilj" responsible, -\jiother influence may be the realization that the state insti- tutions are to a considerable degree supereeduig the almshouses and like them are discharging a pubUc function in caring for a defective class. Still another, and probably the most important cause, is the increas- ing conviction that the segregation and insti- tutional care of the feeble-minded is necessary, even more as a matter of protection to the public than of benevolence for the inmates, and that the needed care can be secured only through the enforcement of law, which can scarcely be intrusted to private institutions. On January 1, 1910, there were present in the insti- tutions covered by this special census of feeble-minded 20,731 inmates. During the je&r 3,825 inmates were admitted, 1,009 were discharged, ISO were transferred to other classes of institutions, and 895 died. The statistics are presented in detail in 15 general tables, the principal features of which are stmimarized and considered in the text which follows. ANALYSIS OF RETURNS. States and geographic divisions. — The following table shows, by geographic divisions and states, the nimiber of institutions for tlie care of the feeble-minded classed as public or private; the number of persons enum- erated on January 1, 1910, as inmates of those insti- tutions, and the number admitted to the institutions during the year 1910; also the number of persons enumerated as feeble-minded in almshouses on Janu- ary 1, 1910, with the aggregate number of inmates of this type in the two classes of institutions. From this table it appears that on January 1, 1910, 16 states reported public institutions only, 12 had both public and private institutions, and 3 had private institutions only. At the present writing (1914) Virginia, which in 1910 had only a private institution, admits the feeble-minded to a state institution for another class of dependents, and Georgia does the same. Delaware and the District of Columbia make provision in institutions outside of the state; Idaho, Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma, Oregon, Vermont, and Wyoniing have estabUshed or authorized special state institutions, leaving only 7 states — Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Louisi- ana, Mississippi, and South Carolina — which make no provision for this class of defectives. Of the 63 institutions leported in 1910, 35 are public institutions and 28 are private. Of the 20,731 per- sons enumerated on January 1, 1910, 19,499, or 94.1 per cent, were in the public institutions, and only 1,232, or 5.9 per cent, in the private institutions, only one state. New Jersey, showing a larger number of inmates in private than in pubUc institutions. The average number of inmates was 557 for public and 44 for private institutions. That the segregation of the feeble-minded in special institutions has as yet been only partially accomphshed is evident from the very inadequate number of such mstitutions in several states, especially in the South and West. In order to present the problem more dis- tinctly, there have been incorporated into the table from the census report on almshouses, 1910, the num- ber there given as enumerated on January 1, 1910. .ANALYSIS OF RETURNS. 185 Table 2 INSTITDTIONS FOB THE FEEBLE-MINDED. FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITITnONS FOE THAT CLASS: 1910. feeble-minded is almshouses: 1910. TOTAL FEEBLE- MINDED IN SPECIAL DIVISION AND STATE. Enumerated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. INSTlTUnOKS AND IN almshouses: 1910. Total. Pub- lic. Pri- vate. Total. In public institu- tions. [n private institu- tions. Total. In public institu- tions. In private institu- tions. Eniuner- ated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. Enumer- ' ated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. United States 63 35 28 20,731 19,499 1,232 3,825 3,531 294 13,238 4,408 33,969 8,233 Geographic Divisions: 9 17 11 11 4 3 1 3 4 6 8 6 7 2 2 2 2 3 9 5 4 2 1 1 1 2 2,012 6,766 5,941 3,906 584 330 19 160 1,013 1,936 6,161 5,764 3,791 512 255 76 605 177 115 72 75 19 64 29 640 1,152 909 624 89 135 11 71 194 637 1,061 803 602 68 113 3 91 106 22 21 22 11 9 9 1,557 2,331 3,867 1,522 1,868 1,034 365 156 518 360 970 1,063 379 697 453 148 114 224 3,569 9,097 9,808 5,428 2,452 1,384 384 316 1,531 1,000 2,122 East North Central . . . 1,972 West North Central 1,003 786 East South Central 588 West South Central 159 96 984 62 185 185 418 New England: 1 1 62 144 62 144 83 46 83 46 240 231 103 561 147 275 1,047 201 1,083 1,487 920 733 490 237 423 697 11 26 84 204 61 213 9 432 274 510 123 225 21 296 407 201 150 157 17 8 183 23 12 38 59 24 137 20 82 425 69 476 419 207 201 176 60 20 80 151 4 6 68 50 15 114 7 132 85 148 46 108 42 131 173 87 62 62 5 3 78 25 10 1 34 302 375 103 2,025 195 569 4,468 841 3,788 3,013 2,055 1,998 1,476 1,266 1,271 1,012 1,209 156 26 530 624 61 523 9 492 488 510 123 225 63 579 454 201 150 157 17 8 202 74 12 121 105 24 Massachusetts 5 1 1 6 5 6 1 1 2 3 4 1 2 I 1 1 4 1 3 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 3 2 4 3 i' 2 2 i' 3 1,464 48 294 3,421 640 2,705 1,526 1,135 1,265 986 1,029 1,194 1,189 512 145 1,388 48 294 3,295 182 2,684 1,526 1,135 1,221 946 936 1,194 1,186 400 145 76 458 6 47 629 106 417 150 102 207 204 246 207 201 60 47 455 6 47 609 40 412 130 102 171 196 1S4 207 201 38 47 3 595 26 129 Middle Atlantic: 126 458 21 20 66 5 1,054 175 893 East North Central: Ohio 569 309 44 40 93 36 8 62 408 380 306 West North Central: 227 3 112 281 22 211 51 6 446 420 446 420 23 86 23 86 91 136 SoTjTH Atlantic: 15 Maryland 2 1 1 310 29S 12 22 20 2 136 7 1 1 i" 1 60 214 60 19 48 19 161 214 48 133 148 46 108 Florida 42 Tr^ntnc*>'y 2 1 1 1 1 283 47 208 47 75 86 49 64 49 22 217 TAiinp.sswi 222 87 Mississippi . . 62 West South Central: /\ riff^ Tina's 62 5 3 1 1 1 1 19 51 19 U 49 11 .S9 51 49 74 ID 1 1 1 64 64 9 9 63 127 43 9 34 15 38 25 455 17 16 U 36 9 179 9 79 15 197 25 1,309 17 Utah 1 1 4S 45 13 13 29 11 1 3' 1 ' 2' 159 ■ '854' 159 82,5" 28 "'"m 28 is?' 64 29" 9" 9 3 ' No reports. 186 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. The following table gives, by geographic divisions, the number of feeble-minded enumerated in institu- tions for this class on January 1, 1910, and the num- ber admitted during the year, with the ratio per 100,000 popidation. Similar statistics are presented also for the total combined number of feeble-minded in special institutions and in almshouses. Table 3 FEEBLE-MINDED IN SPECUL INSTITUTIONS. FEEBLE-MINDED IN SPECIAL INSTITUTIONS AND IN ALMSHOUSES. Enumer- ated on Jan. 1, 1910. Admitted during tlie year 1910. Enumer- ated on Jan. 1, 1910. Admitted during the year 1910. NUMBER. United States 20,731 3,825 33,969 8,233 New England 2,012 6,766 5,941 3,906 684 330 19 160 1,013 640 1,152 909 624 89 135 11 71 194 3,569 9,097 9,808 5,428 2,452 1,384 384 316 1,531 1,000 2,122 Middle Atlantic East North Central 1,972 West North Central . 1 003 South Atlantic 786 East South Cent.-al 588 West South Central 159 185 Pacific 418 NUMBER PEE 100,000 POPULATION. 22.5 4.2 36.9 9.0 30.7 33.0 32.6 33.6 4.8 3.9 0.2 6.1 24.2 9.8 6.0 5.0 5.4 0.7 1.6 0.1 2.7 4.6 54.5 47.1 53.7 46.6 20.1 16.5 4.4 12.0 36.5 15.3 Middle Atlantic 11.0 East North Central 10 8 8.6 South Atlantic 6. 4 East South Central 7.0 West South Central 1.8 7.0 Pacific . ... 10.0 In interpreting this table it is to be remembered that it does not include feeble-minded persons in the general population, but only those either in institu- tions specifically for this class or in almshouses. Ac- cordingly, it is indicative mainly of the degree to wliich the states have emphasized institutional care for this class of defectives, and the evident dispro- portion between the groups of states does not indicate the actual situation so far as the number of feeble- minded in proportion to the population is concerned. The small numbers and the low rate per 100,000 of population in the southern and western divisions by no means prove that feeblc-mindedness is not pro- portionally as prevalent there as in the northern and eastern divisions, but merely that the states of those sections have not yet faced the problem of dealing with the situation. That the three great southern divisions should report but six feeble-minded negroes in special institutions (see Table 2, p. 196), all in the one state of Tennessee, is simply evidence that the Southern states have made practically no provision for the institutional care of this class of defectives. Comparison: 1910 and 1904- — The following table shows, by geographic divisions and states, the num- ber reported as inmates of institutions for the feeble- minded on January 1, 1910, and on January 1, 1904; the number admitted to institutions during 1910 and 1904; and the increase under each headmg. Table 4 feeble-minded in institutions. DIVISION AND STATE. Enumerated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. 1910 19(M Increase:^ 1901-1910 1910 1904 Increase:' 1904-1910 United States 20,731 14,347 6,384 3,825 2,599 1,226 GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS: New Knj'lnnd , 2,012 6,766 5,941 3,906 584 330 19 160 1,013 1,161 4,53S 4,571 2,888 338 189 14' 643 851 2,22.S 1,370 1,018 246 141 19 146 365 640 1,152 909 624 89 135 11 71 194 168 784 728 672 69 55 19" 114 472 Middle .\tlantic East North Central WestNorth Central.... South Atlantic East South Central.... West South Central. . . Mountain. . 368 181 -48 30 80 11 52 Pacific 80 New England: Maine 62 144 64' 62 80 83 46 8' 83 New Hampshire Vermont 38 1,464 4S 294 3,421 640 2,705 1,526 1,135 1,265 9S6 1,029 1,194 1,189 512 145 (') 446 420 878 "■"219' 2,135 460 1,943 1,125 1,036 1,283 516 611 888 981 250 SI 337 381 586 48 75 1,286 180 762 401 99 -18 470 418 306 208 262 145 458 6 47 629 106 .417 150 102 207 204 246 207 201 60 47 (=) 23 86 117 43' 459 67 258 182 82 224 141 99 183 171 104 86 26 49 53 341 Rhode Island.. 6 4 Middle Atlantic: New York. 170 New Jersey 39 159 East North Central: Ohio —32 Indiana Illinois 20 -17 63 Wisconsin 147 West North Central: 24 Iowa 30 —44 North Dakota. —39 South Dakota Nebraska 109 39 —26 33 South Atlantic: Maryland 310 162 148 22 14 8 60 214 35 141 25 73 19 48 11 34 8 14 North Carolina Florida.. . East South Central: Kentucky 283 47 189 94 47 86 49 55 31 49 Alabama Mississippi West South Central: Arkansas ... Texas . 19 51 19 51 11 49 11 Mountain: MnntftTift 49 64 14 50 9 19 -10 Utah 45 45 13 13 Pacific: 159 81 78 28 43 -16 Oregon. 854 567 287 166 71 95 • A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. 2 No report received in 1910. The figures indicate very clearly that the period under review was one of tran.sition and of develop- ment under widely divergent conditions. The addi- tion of seven states to the number providing special institutions affected the total number of inmates comparatively little. In most states there was a material increase in the number enumerated on Janu- ary 1, and in only one state, Illinois, was there a de- crease; but there are several states in which there was a decrease in the number of admissions during a given year. The tendency to replace the almshouse by the spe- cial institution in providing for the feeble-minded is shown by the following table, which gives the number ANALYSIS OF RETURNS. 187 of feeble-minded reported in special institutions and in almshouses in 1910 and in 1904. In each geographic division the ratio of feeble-minded reported in alms- houses to those reported in special institutions de- clined in the interval between these two censuses. In the two southern divisions in 1910 the number in special institutions relative to the number in alms- houses was still small, but it was larger than it was in 1904. Table 5 FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED ON JAN. 1. Number in alms- houses to 100 in special institu- tions. DIVISION. Total. In special institutions. In almshouses. Number. Per cent of total. Number. Per cent of total. United States: 1910 33,969 30,898 20,731 14,347 61.0 46.4 13, 238 16,551 39.0 53.6 63.9 1904 115.4 NoBTH Atlantic: 1910 12,666 10,827 15,236 13,965 2,452 2,772 1,768 1,988 1,847 1,346 8,778 5,699 9,847 7,459 584 338 349 189 1,173 662 69.3 52.6 64.6 53,4 23.8 12.2 19.7 9.5 63.5 49.2 3,888 5,128 5,389 6,506 1,868 2,434 1,419 1,799 674 684 30.7 47.4 35.4 46.6 76.2 87.8 80.3 90.5 36.5 50.8 44.3 1904 90.0 NOETH Central: 1910 54.7 1904 87.2 South Atlantic: 1910 319.9 1904 720.1 South Centeal: 1910 406.6 1904 951.9 Western: 1910 57.5 1904 103.3 Note. — In this table it was necessary to give the geo^aphic grouping of states adopted in the report of 1904, since at that census the feeble-minded in almshouses were not showm by smaller divisions or by states. The relationship of the one grouping of states to the other is as follows: GEOGHAPmC DIVISIONS. In 1904. In 1910. North Atlantic. /New England. North Central . . lEast North Central. South Central /East South Central. Western.. 1 Mountain. \ Pacific. Age. — In considering the classification by age of the inmates of institutions for the feeble-minded it is to be remembered that the mental condition indicated by the general term "feeble-minded" is, for the most part, congenital, and that the admission to institu- tions for this class of defectives usually takes place in the period of childhood or youth. The following table shows that of the feeble-minded admitted to institutions in the year 1910, 24.5 per cent, or nearly one-fourth, were under 10 years of age; 28.4 per cent were between 10 and 15 years of age; and 21.3 per cent were between 15 and 20. About three-fourths of the total number, therefore (74.2 per cent), were under 20 years of age. The age distribution of those present in institutions on January 1, 1910, shows smaller percentages in the younger age groups. Not quite one-half (47.3 per cent) of the total number were under 20 years of age, 7.5 per cent being under 10 years of age, 17.6 per cent between 10 and 15, and 22.2 per cent between 15 and 20. The number of inmates present and the nimiber of admissions in proportion to population is shown for each age group by the ratios in the following table. The ratio of admissions reaches its maximum in the age group 10 to 14, in which group 11.9 persons were admitted to every 100,000 persons of the same age. This is a ratio of about 1 to 10,000. In all the age groups above 30 years of age the ratio is less than 2 to 100,000. All ages Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 years and over Age unknowD FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS: 1910. Number. Enu- merated 20,731 Admit- ted dur- ing the year. 3,825 98 139 1,443 798 3,649 1,086 4,593 815 3,574 310 2,483 189 1,729 124 1,099 98 707 66 414 37 256 24 128 18 183 52 375 69 Per cent distribution. Enu- merated Jan. 1. 100.0 0.5 7.0 17.6 22.2 17.2 12.0 8.3 5.3 3.4 2.0 1.2 0.6 0.9 1.8 Admit- ted dur- ing the year. 3.6 20.9 4 3 8. 1 4.9 3.2 2.6 1.7 1.0 0.6 0.5 1.4 1.8 Per 100,000 popu- lation of same age. Enu- j Admit- merated i ted dur- on ing the Jan. 1. year. 22.5 4.2 0.9 14.8 40.1 50.7 39.5 30.4 24.8 17.2 13.4 9.3 6.6 4.6 2.9 1.3 8.2 11.9 9.0 3.4 2.3 1.8 1.5 1.3 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.8 Race and nativity. — From Table 7 (p. 188) it appears that of the 20,731 poreons enumerated in institutions for the feeble-minded on Januaiy 1, 1910, 20,441 were white, 280 were negroes, and 10 were classed as other colored, comprising Chinese, Japanese, and Indians. Of the whites, 18,129 were native born and 1,247 foreign born. Table 7 gives, for each race and nativity class, the number of feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, and the number admitted during the year, also the ratio of feeble-minded in institutions per 100,000 population. It must be remembered, how-- ever, that these ratios are not a safe basis for conclu- sions regarding the relative prevalence of feeble-mind- edness in the different classes here distinguished. This is forcibly illustrated by the contrast between the ratios for the negroes and the whites. The ratio for the negro is low, as compared with that for the white, simply because 89 per cent of the negroes hve in the South, where there are very few institutions for the feeble-minded. The foreign-born white in proportion to their num- bers contribute to the institutions for the feeble- minded only about one-third as many inmates as the native white, the ratio of foreign-born white inmates to the foreign-born white population being 9.3 to 100,000, while the corresponding ratio for the native white was 26.5 to 100,000. The ratio of admissions li FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. during the year was 1.6 to 100,000 for the former, as compared with 4.9 to 100,000 for the latter. The difference is partly accounted for by the fact that there are comparatively few children in the foreign- born population, most of the immigrants being of adult age when they arrive in the United States. There is the further fact that under the immigration laws the feeble-minded are excluded from admission to the United States, or, if admitted, are Uable to depor- tation within a limited period thereafter. In considering the numbers and ratios shown for the native white of native parentage and the native white of foreign or mixed parentage in Table 7 it should be remembered that the classification is incomplete, since the question as to parentage was unanswered for 23.6 per cent, or almost one-fourth of the native white feeble-minded present in institutions on January 1, and for about 15 per cent of those admitted during the year. This deficiency, of course, makes the num- bers and ratios too small for each parentage class. According to the nmnbers reported the ratio of feeble-minded is considerably higher for the native white of foreign or mixed parentage than it is for the native white of native parentage. This would be a natural result of the mere difference between the geographic distribution of the two classes. The native white of foreign or mixed pai-entage are largely con- centrated in sections of the United States where some provision is made for the institutional care of the feeble-minded. Only 6.7 per cent of them are located in the South, as compared with 37.5 per cent of the native white of native parentage. Table 7 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS: 1910. RACE AND NATIVITY. Number. Per 100,000 popula- tion of same race and nativity. Enumer- ated on Jan. 1. Admitted during tlie year. Enumer- ated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. Total 20,731 3,825 22.5 4.2 White 20,441 3,737 25.0 4.6 18,129 8,408 5,413 4,308 1,247 1,065 280 10 3,371 1,626 1,243 502 210 156 85 3 26.5 17.0 28.6 4.9 3.3 Foreign or mixed parentage 6.6 9.3 1.6 2.8 2.4 0.9 other colored 0.7 Table 8 indicates that the contrast between the native and the foreign-born white as regards the pro- portionate numbers in institutions for the feeble- minded, is as marked in each geographic division as it is for the country as a whole. This table shows statistics for the negroes also, but the numbers involved are so small that the ratios mav be afl'ected very materially by circumstances which are merely temporary or accidental. The strikingly high ratio for New England should not, for that reason, be accepted as typical or as conclusive evidence of a per- manent difference between that section and other parts of the United States as regards the admission of negroes to institutions for the feeble-minded. Table 8 DmsioN. ■ Enumerated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. Native white. Foreign- bom white. Negro. Native white. Foreign- bom white. Negro. NUMBER. United States 18,129 1,247 2S0 3,371 210 85 1,795 5,954 4,797 3,585 571 322 19 152 934 139 459 359 222 5 2 33 97 95 45 6 551 976 807 576 83 117 11 71 179 37 86 43 1 Middle Atlantic 27 East North Central West North Central 16 8 East South Central 17 West South Central 6 55 4 Pacific 15 NUMBER PER 100,000 POPtTLATION OF SAME COLOR AND NATinrT. United States 26.5 9.3 2.8 4.9 1.6 0.9 New England 38.5 42.4 32.3 36.8 0.7 0.3 7.3 29.5 7.7 9.5 11.7 13.8 1.7 2.3 49.8 23.2 31.6 18.5 ■'"6." 2' 11.8 6.9 5.4 5.9 1.1 2.1 0.2 3.4 5.7 2.0 1.8 1.4 1.7 0.3 25.5 Middle Atlantic 6.5 East North Central West North Central South Atlantic 5.3 3.3 East South Central 0.6 West South Central Mountain . 1.4 6.4 ■■ii'?' ■ Pacific 1.7 In the following table the native and foreign-born white present in institutions for the feeble-minded on January 1, 1910, and admitted to such institutions during the year 1910, are classified by age groups, and the ratio of inmates present and of admissions per 100,000 population is shown for each age group. Because of the incompleteness of the returns, how- ever, it is deemed inadvisable to present ratios for the native white of native parentage and of foreign or mixed parentage. In the age group 5 to 9 the ratio of inmates to total population is somewhat higher for the foreign-born white (19.1 per 100,000) than it is for the native white (16.3 per 100,000), and in the age group 10 to 14 the two ratios are not far apart. Similarly, the ratio of admissions for the two classes indicates no very great difference between them in these age groups. In all older age groups, however, the ratio of inmates present and of admissions is much lower for the foreign-born white than for the native white, as would be expected in view of the restrictive immigration laws, and of the probabihty that apart from the existence of legal barriers at the port of entry feeble-minded persons are not likelj^ to emigrate if left to act upon their own initiative. ANALYSIS OF RETURNS. 189 Table 9 .\GE GROUP. All ages... Under 5 years... 5 to 9 years lOto Hyears 15tol9years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35to39yeats 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 years and over Age unknown . . . All ages Under 5 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years I.i to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 years and over yEEBLE-MINDED IN mSTITDTIONS: 1910. Enumerated on Admitted during Jan. 1. !' the year. Native white. Foreign- bom, white. Native white. Foreign- bom white. 18,129 1,247 88 4 1,336 57 3,339 139 4,135 194 3.101 232 2,145 199 1,434 153 938 97 611 62 350 39 217 25 105 11 144 26 1S6 9 3,371 131 719 977 732 269 163 103 80 58 27 20 14 38 40 34 46 39 29 16 13 NT7MBEB PEE 100,000 POPULATION OF SAUE AGE, RACE, ASD NATIVITY. 26.5 9.3 1.0 1C.3 44.2 56.7 47.3 38.3 30.1 21.7 17.6 12.0 8.3 5.6 3.7 3.9 19.1 38.8 28.8 16.2 12.0 10.2 6.9 4.8 3.4 2.7 1.6 0.5 4.9 1 1.6 1.4 8.8 12.9 10.0 4.1 2.9 2.2 1.9 1.7 0.9 0.8 0.7 1.0 11.4 12.8 5.8 2.0 1.0 0.9 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.1 0.4 0.3 Sex. — In the following table the inmates of institu- tions for the feeble-minded enumerated on January 1, 1910, and admitted during the year are classified by sex, race, and nativity: Table 10 PEEBLE-MDIDED IN INSTITnnONS: 1910. RACE AND NATIVITY. Enumerated on Jan. 1. Admitted during the year. Male. Female. Male. Female. Total 11,015 9,'716 2,227 1,598 VThiUt 10,849 9,592 2,173 1,564 Native 9,656 4,679 3,038 1,939 647 546 162 4 8,437 3,729 2,375 2,369 600 519 118 6 1,987 986 720 281 115 71 53 1 1 384 Native parentage 640 Foreign or mixed parentage 523 221 Foreign bom 95 Nativity unknown.. 85 Negro 32 2 According to the census of 1890, which included a general enumeration of defective classes in the United States, there were 124.2 feeble-minded males to every 100 feeble-minded females. In the report for 1904, covering only inmates of institutions, the ratio was 116.2 males to 100 females, and in the present report, as shown in the following table, it is 113.4, while in the general population the ratio of males to 100 fe- males is 106. The admissions during the year show a considerably larger proportion of males than the enumeration at the beginning of the vear. Table 11 MALES PEE 100 FEMALES IN THE UNITED STATES. CLASSIFICATION. In institutions for feeble-minded. General population. Enumer- ated on Jan. 1,1910. Admitted during 1910. Total 113.4 139.4 106.0 113.1 138.9 106.6 114.0 125.5 127.9 81.8 107.8 105.2 137.3 143.6 154.1 137.7 127.1 ^:] 102.7 104.0 Foreign or mixed parentage 99. S Foreign bom 129.2 Negro 98.9 » Ratio not shown, the number of females being less than 100. C From the next table it appears that the inmates of institutions for the feeble-minded include more males than females, not only absolutely but in proportion to the total population of the same se.x. On January 1 the ratio of male inmates to 100,000 male population was 23.3, the corresponding ratio of female inmates being 21.8; the ratio of admissions during the year to 100,000 popidation of the same sex was 4.7 for males and 3.6 for females. Compared by age groups the ratio of inmates present is higher for males than for females up to the age of 25, and above that age is higher for females. In the case of admissions the ratio is higher for males in the age groups below 20 and above 45, but in the groups between 20 and 45 is higher for females. Table IZ AGE GEOUP. All ages . Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to U years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to29 vears 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 years and over . Age unknown .\llages Under 5 years... 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 5.5 to 59 yt^ars 60 years and over FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITDTIONS: 1910. Enumerated on Jan. 1, Male. Female. Male. -Admitted during the year. Female. 11,015 61 906 2,248 2,532 1,862 1,239 797 456 310 157 112 57 89 1S9 9,716 37 537 1,401 2,061 1,712 1,244 932 643 397 257 144 71 94 186 2,227 86 524 669 453 149 95 51 49 27 24 17 10 30 43 1,598 53 274 417 362 161 94 73 49 39 13 7 8 22 26 NUMBEE PER 100,000 P0PUL.ATION OF SAME AGE AND SEX. 23.3 1.1 18.4 48.9 55.9 40.7 29.2 21.8 13.5 11.1 6.6 5.3 3.8 2.8 21.8 4.7 0.7 11. 1 31.1 45.4 3a 2 31.6 28.1 21.2 16.0 12.3 8.0 5.5 3.1 1.6 10.6 14.5 10.0 3.3 2.2 1.4 1.5 1.0 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.9 3.6 1.0 5.7 9.3 8.0 3.0 2.4 2.2 1.6 1.6 0.6 0.4 0.6 0.7 190 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. Physically defective feeble-minded. — Table 13 brings out the significant fact that a large proportion of the feeble-minded are physically defective — that is, blind, deaf, crippled, maimed or deformed, paralytic or epi- leptic. Out of a total of 20,731 persons enmnerated on January 1, 1910, in institutions for the feeble- miaded, 5,246, or 25.3 per cent, are reported as thus defective, wliile of the 3,825 admitted to the institu- tions during the year, 910, or 23.8 per cent, were defective. It is of some interest to note that the proportion reported as physically defective was considerably smaller ia 1910 than it was in 1904. Based on the total number enimaerated at the beginniag of the year and admitted duriug the year, the percentage phys- ically defective declined from 30.2 in 1904 to 25.1 in 1910. The decline took place principally in the per- centage of epileptics, which was 17.8 in 1904 and 11.6 in 1910, and probably reflects the tendency to make special provision for the care of epileptics in colonies or separate Lastitutions. The followuig table gives the percentage of phys- ically defective in the several geographic divisions. It may be noted that the percentages in the New England and the Middle Atlantic divisions are considerably lower than iu most of the other divisions, and probably reflect differences in the extent to which provision has been made for the care of defectives in special institutions. Table 13 FEEBLE-MINDED IS INSTITDTIONS— PERCENTAGE REPOETED AS PHYSICALLY DEFECTIVE. DIVTSION. Total. Blind. Deaf. Crippled, maimed, or de- formed. Para- lytic. Epi- leptic Two or more defects. ENTJMERATED ON JAN. 1. United States 25.3 0.6 1.4 4.7 2.9 11.8 3.9 New England 17.3 18.7 29.6 33.2 39.2 20.6 47.4 16.9 37.7 0.8 0.3 0.6 0.7 0.9 0.9 10.5 "'o.i' 1.8 0.8 1.3 1. 7 0.7 "o.'e' 5.3 2.5 4.3 6.5 4.6 4.3 2.1 15.8 1.3 2.3 4.6 1.9 3.4 3.6 2.4 3.6 ""I'.Y 5.5 7.7 12.8 17.7 21.9 13.3 15.8 14.4 15.9 2.1 Middle Atlantic 1.6 East Nortli Central West North Central South Atlantic ' . 4.9 4.9 9.1 East South Central West South Central Moimtain 0.6 5.3 0.6 11.8 ADMITTED DURING THE TEAR. United States 23.8 0.6 1.8 4.0 3.5 10.3 3.7 N«w F.n(^lanH 16.3 15.4 25.0 38.9 27.0 30.4 9.1 39.4 33.5 0.5 0.7 0.4 0.8 1.3 2.2 1.2 1.3 2.5 3.9 3.7 4.8 3.4 8.9 3.8 2.0 3.6 5.6 3.4 10.4 6.4 4.9 12.1 18.4 15.7 5.2 1.9 1.6 East North Central West North Central South Atlantic 3.9 8.0 4.5 East South Central West South Central 2.2 3.0 0.7 9.1 Mountain Pacific 4.2 4.1 18.3 1.4 11.3 21.1 4.2 S 2 Discharges. — Most of those inmates who were dis- charged from institutions for the feeble-minded in 1910 were intrusted to the care of relatives or friends, few York City Children's Hospitals and Schools, Randall's Island, New York City. Private: The Brunswick Home, Amityville Institution (name withheld) NORTH DAKOTA. Total Public: North Dakota Institution for Feeble-minded, Grafton OHIO. Total PubUc: Institution for Feeble-minded, Columbus PENNSYLVANIA. Total PubUc: Eastern Peimsylvania State Institution for the Feeble-minded and Epi- leptic, Spring City. Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-minded Children. Elwjrn Western Pennsylvania State Institution for Feeble-mindea, Polk Private: The Brookwood School, Landsdowne Miss McGrew's School for Boys of High Grade Defective Mentality, Bala. Institution (name withheld) RHODE ISLAND. Total PubUc: Rhode Island School for the Feeble-minded, Slocum SOUTH DAKOTA. Total PubUc: South Dakota School for Feeble-minded, Redfield ' TENNESSEE. Total PubUc: Davidson County Hospital, Nashville TEXAS. Total Private: Texas School and Sanitarium for Defectives, Austin UT.VH. Total PubUc: Utah State Mental Hospital, Provo VIRGINIA. Total Private: Virginia Home and Training School for the Feeble-minded and Epi- leptic, Falls Church. WASHINGTON. Total Public: State Institution for Feeble-minded, Medical Lake WEST VraGINL\. Total PubUc: The West Virginia Asylum, Huntington WISCONSIN. Total Public: Wisconsin Home for Feeble-minded, Chippewa Falls Chippewa County Asylum, Chippewa Falfe Private: EvangeUcal Lutheran Home for Feeble-mindecL Watertown St. Coletta's Institute for Backward Youth, Jefferson FEEBLE-MlNDEn IN INSTITUTIONS. Enumerated on January 1, 1910. Total. 446 446 144 144 640 182 49 10 374 25 3,421 792 1,045 545 913 120 6 145 145 1,526 1,526 2,705 194 1,065 1,425 11 8 2 48 48 47 47 19 19 46 45 60 60 169 169 214 214 1,029 918 18 39 54 Male. 235 235 70 70 296 23 4 263 1,685 764 276 557 79 79 810 810 612 774 Female, 211 211 74 74 344 182 26 6 111 19 1,736 792 281 269 356 716 716 1,107 453 651 25 22 26 22 9 10 9 10 4S 46 29 31 29 31 90 69 90 69 116 98 116 98 468 561 421 8 497 10 18 21 21 33 White. Native. 404 404 141 141 644 119 44 9 347 25 670 884 468 717 120 6 110 110 2,545 156 1,023 1,346 10 8 2 40 40 39 39 19 19 41 41 60 60 150 150 204 204 947 845 10 38 54 Foreign bora. 333 75 99 28 131 32 32 162 Nativity unknown. 3 3 426 426 26 19 ' No reports. GENERAL TABLES. SUMMARY BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued. 195 FEEBLE-MINDED IN fflSTlTDTIONS— Continued. Admitted in 1910. Disdiarged in 1910. Transferred in 1910. Diedta 1910. 23 23 2 2 10 5 2 1 2 Total. Male. Female. White. Ckjlored. To keep- ing of friends or relatives. To keep- ing of self. Not reported. To other institutions lor feeble-minded. To insti- tutions not for feeble- minded. Native. Foreign bora. Nativity unknown Present Jan. 1. Admitted in 1910. 23 23 46 46 106 40 12 8 31 15 629 27 163 54 365 17 3 47 47 150 150 417 105 58 249 10 10 27 27 42 1 25 349 13 13 19 19 64 39 4 4 6 11 280 27 55 32 158 7 1 18 18 59 59 133 21 21 44 44 80 16 11 8 30 15 526 21 150 48 288 16 3 34 34 139 139 370 90 55 220 2 2 1 7 2 2 18 18 5 5 33 2 7 2 7 15 163 4 12 19 123 3 2 11 11 45 45 110 16 35 56 2 1 1 1 1 1 4 4 3 1 4 3 1 10 S ft 7 s 1 1 10 q in 65 3 7 3 51 1 26 3 3 3 17 12 3 2 40 11 52 6 143 15 50 4 06 8 11 17 108 22 207 10 2 29 29 91 91 284 105 42 133 3 1 4 21 U 4 3 n 14 9 2 2 8 IS 16 17 11 11 2 2 17 9 2 6 1 1 4 4 19 1 1 5 5 11 6 1 4 1 1 1 1 14 13 13 37 37 103 3 21 78 1 18 19 1 1 37 32 3 2 ?n ?1 9 2 1 ?? n 16 116 ?4 19 14 6 ?5 1 76 3 2 6 6 3 1 6 6 3 2 6 6 3 77 1 1 1 1 78 2 2 1 1 ?fl 10 31 32 49 49 11 11 13 13 19 19 28 28 48 48 246 184 36 36 8 S 7 7 10 10 16 16 26 26 150 108 13 13 3 3 6 6 9 9 12 12 22 22 96 76 31 31 11 11 13 13 19 19 24 24 42 42 228 171 1 1 17 17 1 1 8 8 3 3 2 2 24 24 2 2 28 8 1 9 10 4 4 2 2 1 1 19 19 33 34 3 3 35 36 37 38 2 2 4 4 19 19 89 84 1 3 1 39 40 4 4 1 1 16 11 1 1 1 1 41 42 5 5 2 2 43 44 2 2 1 4.'> 46 1 1 47 42 20 27 15 15 5 37 20 S 48 1 40 ^ 196 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. Table 2.— FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, DIVISION AND STATE. rEEBLE-MINDED ENUMEEATED IN INSTmjTIONS ON JANUAET 1, 1910. Aggregate. White. Total. Native. Total. Native parentage. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. 1 20,731 11,015 9,716 20,441 10,849 9,592 18,129 9,656 8,473 8,408 4,679 3,729 Geogeaphic divisions: New England 1 2,012 6,766 5,941 3,906 584 330 19 100 1,013 1,202 3,579 3,032 2,031 296 192 9 114 560 810 3,187 2,909 1,875 288 138 10 46 453 1,979 6.663 5,846 3,859 584 324 19 160 1,007 1,185 3,521 2,981 1,999 296 188 9 114 556 794 3,142 2,865 1,860 288 136 10 46 451 1,795 5,954 4,797 3,585 571 322 19 152 934 1,087 3,180 2,402 1,869 293 186 9 109 521 708 2,774 2,395 1,716 278 136 10 43 413 739 2,928 2,202 1,483 347 118 16 92 483 429 1,675 1,178 784 193 66 9 69 278 310 1,253 1,024 699 154 52 7 23 207 1 A East North Central S West North Central 6 South Atlantic 7 East South Central fl 9 Mountain in Pacific New England: Maine. 11 62 144 49 70 13 74 62 144 49 70 13 74 62 141 49 68 13 73 34 87 29 42 5 45 p New Hampshire n Vermont 14 Massachusetts 1,404 48 294 3,421 640 2,705 1,526 1,135 1,265 986 1,029 1,194 1,189 512 145 879 48 156 1,685 296 1,598 810 518 718 518 468 628 619 233 79 585 1,435 47 291 3,374 631 2,658 1,480 1.114 1,244 982 1,026 1,190 1,175 512 145 S66 47 153 1,666 292 1,563 782 507 709 517 466 625 610 233 79 569 1,278 40 274 2,865 544 2,545 892 1,072 1,062 824 947 1,053 1,129 496 110 783 40 147 1,424 274 1,482 465 480 590 430 437 560 693 226 61 495 1,441 270 1,063 427 592 472 394 610 503 536 270 49 513 15 90 927 280 1,721 610 686 451 385 170 292 616 18 34 301 15 42 533 160 982 321 319 259 197 82 148 339 5 13 212 11 Phndo T^lnnH 15 flnnnpetient 138 1,736 344 1,107 716 617 547 468 561 566 570 279 66 138 1,708 339 1,095 698 607 535 465 560 565 565 279 66 48 394 120 739 289 267 192 ISS 88 144 277 13 21 17 Middle Atlantic: New York 18 11 PpTiil^ylvftnif^. ,,. 9n East Noeth Centeal: Ohio ?i ?'> Illinois n ?4 Wi';fV>n Tennessee 41 44 4'i West South Central: 40 47 Oklahoma 48 11 49 8 28 3 21 11 49 8 28 3 21 11 49 8 28 3 21 10 31 7 15 3 16 49 Mountain: Montana nn Idaho h] fi'' Colorado 9 6 3 9 6 3 9 6 3 6 4 2 Rl fi4 S5 Utah 13 7 6 13 7 6 13 7 6 9 5 4 S6 57 Pacific: Washington 28 16 12 28 16 12 24 14 10 14 9 6 f<8 59 California. - 166 101 65 166 101 65 155 94 61 73 48 25 GENERAL TABLES. BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. 199 TEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 191(>— Continued. White— Continued. Negro. Other colored. Native— Continued. Foreign bom. Nativity unknown. Foreign or mixed parentage. Parentage unknown. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. Male. Female. Total. 85 Male. Female. Total. Male. Fe- male. 1,243 720 523 502 281 221 210 115 95 156 71 85 53 32 3 1 2 1 230 392 2S8 222 3 124 243 172 114 2 106 149 116 108 1 102 133 115 71 53 18 64 65 61 45 32 10 38 68 54 26 21 8 37 86 43 28 1 22 47 22 15 15 39 21 13 1 35 63 43 9 5 1 20 19 24 6 2 15 44 19 3 3 1 17 27 16 8 10 18 8 5 7 9 8 3 '\ 3 1 2 6 5 17 12 5 1 25 82 1 17 47 8 8 35 « 10 4 6 15 9 6 in 8 8 5 4 3 4 13 4 9 3 4 1 3 2 2 2 1 11 1' IS ISO 5 29 2i9 12 121 32 11 63 72 llo 132 64 9 15 92 5 IS 151 85 IS 7 38 43 66 71 27 2 S 88 82 60 32 36 21 15 28 14 14 17 10 7 14 15 11 108 5 36 14 4 20 29 49 61 27 7 7 3 80 16 37 20 14 17 18 46 12 14 33 9 2 36 2 27 11 1 9 11 29 10 11 17 5 1 44 14 10 9 13 8 7 17 2 3 16 4 1 63 4 17 2 3 9 13 16 10 2 3 11 1 31 1 15 3 4 6 9 6 1 2 6 34 3 2 2 5 7 7 4 1 1 5 2 26 IS 19 4 2 10 25 2 1 5 2 1 2 9 io 4 1 5 12 2 1 3 1 1 16 17 18 9 i 5 13 12 4 11 5 3 3 5 7 ii' 1 2 2 3 5 4 17 18 19 4 1 1 2 Of) ?1 97 71 ?4 1 1 2 i 1 1 Ti '>fi 77 1 1 W r) 6 6 2 4 4 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 2 'in 5 4 1 2 2 ?i 1? 2 2 17 13 4 XK 14 1 1 1 35 1 16 •\S 19 1 1 5 2 3 'fi 17 1R 19 40 15 3 7 3 8 41 1 1 " 12 5 4? 41 44 4') lf\ 47 1 18 1 13 4K 5 44 V) 51 3 2 1 fiH K\ f>4 4 2 2 ,W M 7 4 3 3 1 2 4 2 2 B7 M 78 43 32 7 3 4 U 7 4 TO 200 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. Table 4.— FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ENUMERATION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. SES, AND AGE AT EITDUEB ATION . BOTH SEXES. All agea Under 5 yeara 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 yeara 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 years and over Age unknown MALE. All ages Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 65 to 59 years 60 years and over Age unknown FEMALE. All ages Under 5 years 5 to 9 years 10 to 14 yeara 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 yeara 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 yeara 45 to 49 yeara 50 to 54 yeara 66 to 69 yeara 60 yeara and over Age unknown FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910. Aggregate. 1,443 3,649 4,593 3,674 2,483 1,729 1,099 707 414 256 128 183 11,015 61 906 2,248 2,532 1,862 1,239 797 456 310 157 112 57 9,716 37 537 1,401 2,061 1,712 1,244 932 643 397 257 144 71 94 1S6 White. Total. 20,441 95 1,423 3,686 4,619 3,521 2,458 1,705 1,089 704 409 254 126 177 10,849 60 890 2,202 2,492 1,838 1,227 784 452 309 155 111 66 84 9,592 35 533 1,384 2,027 1,683 1,231 921 637 396 254 143 70 93 186 Native. Total. 18,129 1,336 3,339 4,135 3,101 2,145 1,434 938 611 350 217 105 144 9,656 53 835 2,040 2,293 1,623 1,052 653 389 265 134 98 49 66 105 8,473 35 600 1,299 1,842 1,478 1,093 781 549 346 216 119 66 78 Native parentage. 8,408 37 630 1,661 1,957 1,494 974 650 349 213 136 111 66 4,679 22 381 1,012 1,092 820 620 334 171 107 55 68 34 47 3,729 15 249 639 865 674 454 316 178 106 81 53 31 51 17 Foreign or mixed parentage. 5,413 30 467 1,072 1,353 910 376 258 168 72 44 16 11 17 299 6G3 786 499 311 184 121 77 35 22 7 1 2,375 13 168 409 667 411 297 192 137 91 37 22 9 10 12 Parent- age un- known. 4,308 21 239 616 826 697 663 408 331 230 115 1,939 14 156 365 415 304 221 135 97 81 44 18 8 18 63 7 83 251 410 393 342 273 234 149 Foreign bom. 1,247 4 67 139 194 232 199 153 97 62 39 25 11 26 4 33 89 lOO 123 117 70 38 25 600 24 50 94 109 82 83 69 37 23 16 Nativity un- known. 1,065 3 30 108 190 188 114 118 54 31 20 12 10 7 546 3 21 73 99 92 58 61 25 19 5 4 2 3 81 619 Colored. Total. 290 3 20 63 74 63 25 24 10 3 5 2 2 6 Negro. 280 3 •>n 62 71 62 1 3 1 24 21 9 3 1 3 1 S ■) ? 6 Other colored. GENERAL TABLES. 201 Table 6.— FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. SEX, AKD AGE AT ADMISSION, BOTH SEXES. All ages Under 5 years 6 to 9 years iOto 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 years and over Age unknown MALE. All ages Under 5 years 5 to 9 years , 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 years and over Age unknown FEMALE All ages Under 5 years 5to9years 10 to 14 years 15 to 19 years 20 to 24 years 25 to 29 years 30 to 34 years 35 to 39 years 40 to 44 years 45 to 49 years 50 to 54 years 55 to 59 years 60 years 'and over Age onknown FEEBLE-MINDED ADMrTTED TO INST1TDTI0N3 IN 1910. Aggregate. 3,825 139 798 1,086 815 310 189 124 98 66 37 24 18 62 2,227 86 524 453 149 95 51 49 27 24 17 10 30 WTiite. Total. 3,737 136 779 1,060 803 306 188 120 95 65 36 22 17 44 66 2,173 84 609 654 449 148 94 49 46 26 23 15 1,564 63 52 274 270 417 406 362 354 161 158 94 94 73 71 49 49 39 39 13 13 7 7 8 8 22 18 26 25 Native. Total. 3,371 131 719 977 732 269 163 103 40 474 603 413 130 83 45 41 25 17 14 9 25 26 1,384 49 245 374 319 139 Native parentage. 1,626 44 360 473 336 130 81 47 44 29 15 11 8 25 23 23 235 293 204 73 45 18 24 13 640 21 125 180 132 57 36 29 20 16 4 2 Foreign or mixed parentage. 1,243 73 263 375 286 90 57 31 18 18 48 168 242 149 38 28 14 9 7 5 3 523 25 95 133 137 52 29 17 9 11 5 2 Parent- age un- known. 502 14 96 129 110 49 25 25 18 11 2 4 2 11 281 11 71 68 60 19 10 13 8 5 1 2 1 7 221 3 25 61 50 30 15 12 10 G 1 2 1 4 Foreign bom. 210 95 Nativity un- known. Colored. Total. Negro. Other colored. 202 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. Table 6.— FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE AT ENUMERATION, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES. feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on JANUARY 1 , 1910. DIVISION AND STATE. xn ages. Under 5 years. 5 to 9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 39 years. 40 to 44 years. 46 to 49 years. 50 years and over. Agenn- known. 20,731 98 1,443 3,649 4,593 3,574 2,483 1,729 1,099 707 414 567 375 GEOGRAPHIC divisions: 2,012 6,766 5,941 3,906 584 330 19 160 1,013 8 62 12 9 4 2' i' 190 467 383 243 50 24 5 13 68 426 1,112 1,077 642 112 86 3 53 138 522 1,326 1,374 847 158 71 4 49 242 344 1,125 1,077 686 102 37 2 21 180 186 816 736 551 64 17 2 3 108 113 627 496 350 28 15 69 440 268 227 15 8 44 314 133 160 14 3 1 2 46 22 186 82 83 8 10 43 270 63 89 28 29 45 21 240 29 1 30 Miiirllo AtlMnf.te West North Central East South Central West South Central Mountain 8 92 4 68 2 21 4 41 1 8 Paciflc New England: Maine 62 144 6 44 19 43 15 22 8 2 5 2 1 4 2 2 "Mow TTamp5.f '"^^ " ^^''^ ^'''' DIVISION, KACE, NATIVITY, AND PABENTAGE. FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITnTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910. Male. UNITED STATES. Aggregate White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Parentage unknown Foreign bom Nativity unknown Colored Negro Other colored.. New England. Aggregate. ^Vlllte Native Nitive parentage Foreitrn or mixed parentage. Parentage unknown Foreign bom Nativity unknown Colored— Negro.. Middle Atlantic. Aggregate. White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Parentage unknown Foreign bom Nativity unknown Colored Negro Other colored.. East Noeth Central. Aggregate White Native Nitive parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Parentage unknown Foreign bom Nativity unknown Colored— Negro., West North Central. Aggregate White Native Native parentage Foreign or mLted parentage . Parentage unknown Foreign bom Nativity unknown Colored Negro Other colored.. South Atlantic. .\ggregate. White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage. Parentage imknown Foreign bora Nativity unlmown East South Central. Aggregate White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage.. Parentage unknown Foreign born Nativity unlmown Colored— Negro Total. 11,015 10,849 9,656 4,679 3,038 1,939 647 546 166 162 4 1,202 1,185 1,087 429 459 199 72 26 17 3,579 Single. Mar- ried. 10,965 10,803 9,624 4,653 3,037 1,934 638 541 162 158 4 1,202 3,521 3,180 1,675 1,047 458 227 114 58 56 2 3,032 2,981 2,402 1,178 584 640 203 376 51 2,031 1,999 1,869 784 704 381 110 20 32 31 1 296 293 193 8 92 2 1 192 188 186 66 1,185 1,087 429 459 199 72 26 17 3,567 3,509 3,172 1,672 1,046 454 226 112 53 56 2 3,029 2,978 2,401 1,177 584 640 203 374 51 2,023 1,991 1,865 781 704 380 106 20 32 31 1 120 2 285 185 178 178 177 57 120 1 Wid- owed. 27 Di- vorced. Un- known. Female. Total. 9,716 9,592 8,473 3,729 2,375 2,369 600 519 124 118 6 Single. 794 708 310 274 124 67 19 3,187 3,142 2,774 1,253 811 710 232 136 45 41 4 2,909 2,865 2,395 1,024 482 889 156 314 1,875 1,860 1,716 699 623 394 112 32 IS 14 1 288 288 278 154 11 113 3 136 136 52 1 83 Mar- ried. 9,558 9,436 8,349 3,677 2,346 2,326 583 504 122 116 792 708 310 274 124 65 19 3,159 3,114 2,750 1,242 807 701 229 135 45 41 4 2,854 2,810 2,355 1,018 472 865 150 305 44 1,845 1,831 1,692 693 613 386 108 31 14 13 1 272 272 264 142 10 112 3 5 125 124 124 40 1 Wid- owed. Di- Un- voiced, known. 20 36 13 3 I 10 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 GENERAL TABLES. 207 Table 10.— FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, RACE. NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS— Continued. FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMEEATED IN INSTITUTION ON JANUARY 1, 1910. DIVISIQN, EACE, NATIVITY, ANfl PABENTAOE. Male. Female. Total. Single. Mar- ried. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- known. Total. Single. Mar- ried. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- Known. West South Central. 9 9 10 9 1 Wliite 9 9 9 9 9 9 10 10 7 2 1 46 9 9 6 2 1 40 1 1 1 Native parentage I'firpntf>f;i» linkTlftWTl Mountain. 114 112 ■> White 114 109 69 24 16 5 112 lOS 6S 24 16 4 2 1 1 46 43 23 9 11 1 2 453 46 43 23 9 11 1 2 440 Native Fnrf^ign or tnixPrd pvirpntpgfl Foreign bom 1 Pacific. Aggregate 560 559 1 4 7 2 White 556 521 276 212 33 26 9 4 3 1 555 520 276 212 33 26 9 4 3 1 1 1 1 451 413 207 162 44 29 9 2 1 1 438 404 203 138 43 27 7 2 1 1 4 1 7 ■> 2 1 1 6 3 2 1 1 Native parentage PftrfiTitftgti nnknnivTi , 1 1 Nativity linlrT^nwn , . , , I Colored Other colored 208 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. Table 11 -FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, RACE, NATIVITY. lABLE 11. ri!,j^oi.r- mx PARENTAGE, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS. feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910. DIVISION, RACE, NATmXT, AND PABENTAOE. Male. Female. Total. Single. Mar- ried. Wid- owed. Di- Un- vorced. known. Total. Single. Mar- ried. Wid- owed. Di- Un- Forced. known. UNITED STATES. 2,227 2,169 28 12 2 26 1,598 1,511 27 16 1 43 2,173 1,987 986 720 281 115 71 54 2,116 1,941 965 705 271 111 64 . 43 42 1 24 21 12 6 . 3 6 6 4 i' '. 2 2 2 25 17 3 9 6 1 7 1 1 1,564 1,384 640 523 221 95 85 34 32 2 1,481 1,333 620 507 206 75 73 30 28 2 27 20 12 3 5 6 1 13 9 5 2 . 2 . 1 1 1 42 Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage 11 8 11 Foreign born Nativity unknown 3 . 4 4 6 6 1 3 3 10 1 1 Negro 63 1 New England. 370 370 270 267 1 2 360 318 130 124 64 22 20 10 675 360 318 130 124 64 22 20 10 651 263 233 89 106 38 15 15 7 477 260 232 89 105 38 13 15 7 436 1 2 White Native Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage 1 i Foreign bom i Colored— Negro 6 19 4 1 36 White Native Native parentage 657 591 283 243 65 47 19 18 536 634 672 279 233 60 46 16 17 626 4 4 2 19 15 2 9 4 1 3 468 385 168 149 68 39 44 9 373 428 363 162 141 60 30 35 8 361 4 4 3 1 1 1 35 17 2 S Foreign or mixed parentage Parentage imioiown Foreign bom 1 1 7 9 9 1 7 1 East Noeth Centeal. A ggregate 3 7 2 1 2 White Native parentage 52S 482 249 172 61 22 24 8 345 618 477 248 169 60 20 21 8 338 7 S 1 3 3 365 325 155 116 54 21 19 8 279 353 317 151 114 52 19 17 8 268 7 4 3 1 2 2 i' 1 1 1 2 1 Parentage uaknown Foreign bom Nativity unknown 1 2 3' 2" 1 i West Nobth Central. Aggregate 6 1 7 2 2 339 318 159 114 45 15 6 6 5 1 53 332 311 154 112 45 15 6 6 5 1 50 6 6 4 2 1 1 1 274 258 124 108 26 13 3 5 3 2 36 263 251 123 104 24 9 3 5 3 2 33 7 6 1 2 2 1 i 2 1 i Parentage unknown Foreign bom Nativity unknown 2 i 1 Negro Other colored South Atlantic. 1 2 3 White 63 51 50 19 17 2 30 1 1 2 1 36 32 10 1 21 1 3 53 33 29 9 1 19 1 3 42 3 3 1 Native parentage Foreign or mixed parentage Parentage unknown 17 2 32 i i 2 Nativity unknown East South Central. 2 82 1 01 7 12 1 i 1 3 8 Aggregate 70 69 59 51 8 2 4 4 4 6 6 4 ; 2 e 1 1 1 48 47 40 40 32 8 2 3 3 3 5 4 4 ; i 3 Parentage unknown Foreign bom Nativity unknown Colored— Negro ; 60 io 12 39 ; 8 : i 6 3 1 GENERAL TABLES. 209 Table H.— FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, RACE NA.TIVITY PARENTAGE, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVLSIONS— Continued. FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO DJSTITnTIONS IN 1910. DIVISIOK, RACE, NATIVITT, AND PARENTAGE. Uale. Female. Total. Single. Mar- ried. Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- Imown. Total. 1 Single. Mar- ried, Wid- owed. Di- vorced. Un- known. West South Cektral. Aggregate 8 8 3 3 WWte 8 8 7 1 41 8 8 7 1 39 3 3 3 3 3 3 Native Native parentage 1 Foreign or mixed parentage MOUNTADf. Aggregate 1 1 30 ;; 30 White 41 41 24 17 117 39 39 22 17 116 I 1 1 30 30 22 8 77 30 30 22 8 71 Native 1 1 Native parentage Foreigner mixed parentage Pacific. Aggregate ■, 2 3 1 White 117 108 57 47 4 9 116 108 57 47 4 8 1 1 77 71 30 3S 6 6 71 68 29 34 5 3 2 1 1 3 1 1 1 Native ' Native parentage * Foreign or mixed parentage ) I Parentage unli;nowii 1 i' 2 Foreign bom 1 1 1 27622°— 14 14 210 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. Table 12.— FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS WHO WERE DISCHARGED OR TRANSFERRED, OR WHO DIED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, BY DIVISIONS. FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS WHO WERE DISCHARGED OR TRANSFERRED, OR WHO DIED IN 1910. Discharged. Transferred. Died. DIVISION. In custody of— Condition. Relatives or friends. SeU. Unknown. Improved. Unimproved. Unknown. '° 1 .2 1 50 1 17 14 7 1 2 1 2 5 5 .... 1 1 E- 90 11 75 c3 a 54 1 10 42 1 36 o 4 1 a5 S 1 •3 a & 93 5 16 32 24 2 4 1 4 5 1 Eh 1 68 9 9 45 1 1 2 .... .2 1 49 6 1 37 2 .... 1 1 1 1 JO a .2 United States 864 550 314 55 1 18 15 7 1 4 2 2 5 612 399 24 173 63 73 7 8 3 20 28 213 280 187 12 50 68 37 4 2 2 8 4 117 15 10 82 3 1 3 1 2 304 135 169 895 484 ^u New England 62 306 195 168 15 16 8 47 47 43 205 120 104 11 9 4 27 27 19 101 75 64 4 7 4 20 20 .... 33 2 32 259 103 113 9 12 6 35 43 8 86 40 40 2 4 3 15 15 17 66 100 61 6 6 3 12 9 92 153 12 12 2 4 3 18 8 20 84 6 7 1 3 1 10 3 72 69 6 5 1 1 2 8 5 58 256 279 199 27 34 31 139 136 115 14 23 V Middle Atlantic 117 111 West North Central 84 South Atlantic n East South Central 2 1 1 11 2 40 2 24 in Table 1.3.--FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS WHO DIED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, AGE, AND CAUSE OF DEATH, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE. FEEBLE-jnNDED IN INSTITUTIONS WHO DIED IN 1910. CAUSE OF DEATH. .MI ages. Under 5 years. 5to9 years. 10 to 14 years. 15 to 19 years. 20 to 24 years. 25 to 29 years. 30 to 34 years. 35 to 39 years. 40 to 44 years. 45 to 49 years. 50 years and over. Age Total. Male. Female. known. 895 484 411 34 101 123 147 139 84 75 43 34 23 71 21 10 4 4 210 29 7 13 9 9 153 33 41 2 106 42 17 12 1 12 170 11 6 1 2 97 14 1 9 7 5 96 17 20 1 63 24 7 3 io" 97 4 4 3 2 113 15 6 4 2 4 57 16 21 1 43 18 10 9 1 2 73 7 1 1 1 5 i' 42 5 1 1 ""38" 2 2 1 2 27 4 1 1 7 1 3 1 13 1 29 7 31 6 6 1 3 9 5 i Cancer and other malignant tumors 3 5 6 1 1 1 5 1 1 General paralysis of the insane 1 2 10 2 4 1 1 4 2 9 7 7 31 4 3 3 28 5 2 1 33 5 5 1 16 3 3 Epilepsy 8 6 2 4 2 6 1 6 3 4 8 5 All otfier diseases of the nervous system 1 1 7 1 2 4 1 1 3 Diseases of the arteries (arteriosclerosis, etc.) Pneumonia (all forms) U 4 IS 4 17 5 21 8 2 10 3 2 3 i' 4 2 4 7 2 2 3 2 1 2 2 1 Senility 1 3 5 1 ■"■'io' 3 36 1 26' 2 35 1 2 22 2 1 7 1 9 4 7 1 10 2 1 1 GENERAL TABLES. 211 Table 14.— Feeble-Minded Enumerated in Institutions on January 1, 1910, Classified by Source of Support, by Divisions and States. FEEBLE-MrNDED ENTJMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUABY 1, 1910. pmsION AND STATE. Iggregate. At public expense. U public and private expense. At private expense. Un- niown. United States 20,731 17,228 1,782 1,680 41 Geographic omsioNs: 2,012 6,766 5,941 3,906 584 330 19 160 1,013 1,808 6,001 4,863 2,801 627 250 76 197 443 917 5 119 501 624 124 52 77 19 12 92 9 7 11 4 \fi(l(ilp Atlantic East North Central West North Central East South Central West South Central 3 113 805 32 112 3 4 Pacific New England: 62 144 61 137 1 3 3 1 1,464 48 294 3,421 640 2,705 1,526 1,135 1,205 986 1,029 1,194 1,189 612 145 1,341 29 240 3,369 403 2,229 1,140 1,084 793 935 911 733 1,185 372 100 16 17 40 31 94 72 385 37 100 2 10 18 143 400 1 4 3 Middle Atlantic: 4 East Noeth Central: 1 13 403 51 97 1 9 21 461 West North Central: 2 112 2 28 36 416 420 226 236 219 173 1 10 1 South Atlantic: 310 290 5 15 Virginia West Virginia North Carolina CO 214 24 213 36 1 East South Central: 283 47 200 44 77 3 Alabama Mississippi West South Central: 19 51 64 19 Mountaik: 22 49 29 Idaho W yoming Colorado New Mexico i2 3 45 42 3 PAcmc: 159 68 101 854 747 11 92 4 Table 15.— Feeble-Minded Admitted to Institutions in 1910, Classified by Source of Support, by Divisions and States. FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTTTtrnONS IN 1910. DIVISION AND STATE. Aggregate. 1 At public expense. it public and private expense. At private expense. Un- aiown. United States 3,825 2,994 390 399 42 Geogeaphic divisions: 640 ■ 1,152 1 909 624 89 135 11 71 1 194 t 528 1,025 663 452 70 105 84 33 78 131 1 14 88 163 32 16 25 10 4 47 14 6 East North Central West North Central 5 9 2 East South Central West South Central 5 1 33 29 34 117 Pacific 1 New England: 83 46 I 82 40 1 6 458 1 6 47 ! 629 106 417 1 150 102 207 1 204 ' 246 207 201 CO 47 366 5 35 014 38 373 91 92 110 189 181 108 194 34 37 65 1 12 4 10 19 58 6 9 1 4 98 13 14 Middle Atlantic: 8 58 22 ! 4 86 11 61 3 3 East North Central: Ohio Illmcis 2 3 West North Central: 1 7 4 8 21 2 1 ii 1 86 ' 1 9 70 14 7 9 South Atlantic: 22 20 2 Virginia.... 19 48 5 45 i4 1 2 East South Central: 88 49 61 44 25 5 Alabama Mississippi West South Central: 11 49 1 33 10 Mountain: Montana 16 Colorado 9 6 3 Utah 13 12 1 Pacific: Washington 28 2 26 166 ! 115 1 3 47 1 INDEX. Acquittal on account of insanity, pro\i8ions concerniu|;, 93, 94. Administrative agencies liaving oversight of insane, general, 65. Admissions of feeble-minded to institutions during 1910, 184; by divisions, 185, 186; persons admitted to public and private institutions in each state, 185, 193; ratio to total population, 186-188; classification according to age, 187, 201, 203; according to race and nativity, 188, 189, 193, 198, 201, 208 ; native wliite admitted , by parent- age, 188, 189, 198, 201, 208; classification according to sex, 189, 193 , 198, 201, 208; sex ratio for each population class, 189; native and foreign-bom white admitted, by age, 189; physically defective persons among, 190, 205; classification according to marital condition, 208; according to source of sup- port, 211. Admissions of insane to hospitals during 1910, 16; by divisions, 16, 19, 24, 43, 44; by states, 16, 19, 109; comparison with 1904, 19; classification according to age at enumeration, 22-24, 63, 131, 135, 14l; according to age when first admitted to insane hospital, 22, 133, 137; factors affecting statistics, 24; statistics as an index of insanity, 24; classification ac- , cording to race and nati\-ity, 25, 37, 109, 126; native and foreign-bom white ad- mitted, by age, 26, 28; foreign-bom white, by country of birth, 31, 32, 129; foreign- bom white, by time in United States, 32, 33; white and negro, 34, 35; native white, by parentage, 37, 39, 126; sex distribution, 40-44, 109; classification according to liter- acy, 45, 148; percentage of illiteracy among, 46, 47; classification according to marital condition, 47, 144; according to prior residence, 49, 51-53, 138, 140, 141; average age of persons admitted, 60; classi- fication according to duration of present attack, 60, 160, IGl ; according to number of previous admissions, 61, 156; persons ad- mitted to public and private hospitals in each state, 109, 123; males admitted, by prior occupation, 150; females, by prior occupation, 153. ratio to total population: for states, 16, 19; comparison with 1904, 19; for age groups, 23, 24; for race and nativity groups, 25-30, 34-37, 39, 40, 51; for per- sons bom in specified countries, 31, 32; for immigrants distributed by time in United States, 33; for males and females, 41-14; for urban and rural communities, 49-53. Adult population, proportion in insane hos- pitals, 27; deaths in, with per cent dis- tribution by cause, 63. Age, per cent distribution of population by, 22; native and foreign-born white popu- lation by, 26, 27; influence of age distribu- tion of foreign-bom white upon ratio of admissions to insane hospitals, 27, 31, 36, 38; effect upon ratios of admissions for classes of white population, 38. insane in hospitals classified according to: total number, 22, 23, 63; ratio of in- naates to total population, for age groups, 23; ratio of admissions to total population, forage groups, 23, 24; number, by divi- sions, 24, 131; ratio to total insane in each age group in 1890, 25; native and foreign- bom white insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, 26, 37 ; ratio of admissions, for native and foreign-born white of each age group, 26, 29, 36, 37, 40; hypothetical number of admissions of foreign-born white upon basis of age distribution of native white, 27; white and negro insane admitted to hos- pitals in 1910, 35; ratio of admissions, for negroes of each age group, 36, 37; number, by race, nativity, and parentage, 37, 134, 135; ratio of admissions, for males and females of each age group, 41, 42; num- ber, by sex, 42, 134, 135, 141; effect of age distribution upon percentage of illit- eracy, 45; insane having general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis, 55-58, 174, 177, 179; average age at admission, 60; aver- age age of insane inmates, 60; deatlis among, 63, 164, 166; number of insane, by states, 130, 131; by prior residence, 141; discharges among, 172. Age, feeble-minded in institutions classified according to : number, with ratio of inmates and admissions to total population, for age groups, 187; native and foreign-bom white, 189; total number, by sex, 189, 200, 201; by race, nativity, and parentage, 200, 201; by divisions and states, 202, 203; deaths among, 210. Age at first admission to any insane hos- pital, insane classified by, 22, 132, 133, 136, 137. Agencies having oversight of insane, general, 64, 65; local, 68; institutional, 68-71. Alabama, comparison of white and negro insane in hospitals, 34; data concerning "Alabama Insane Hospitals," 65; provi- sion concerning removal of discharged Eatients from hospitals, 85. See also tates. AlcohoUc psychosis, insane admitted to hos- pitals in 1910 having: number, 53; ratio to total insane admitted, 53-56, 58; ratio to total population, 53-58; number, by di- visions, 54, 176; by prior residence, 54, 178; by age, 55, 57", 177; by sex, 56, 57, 177, 178; by race, nativity, and parentage, 58, 176, 177; by states, 1^6; number hav- ing also general paralysis, 179. Almshouses, insane in, 15, 16, 18; authorities controlling, 68; states ha\'ing pro\'isions for care of insane in, 72, 73; insane depart- ments of, 72, 73; feeble-minded in, 183, 185, 187. Appeals, from orders of commitment, 82; for discharge of patients claimed to be sane, 84; for" discharge of unrecovered patients, 85. Arizona, data concerning Board of Control, 65; provision for appeal from order of com- mitment, 82. See also States. Arkansas, comparison of white and negro insane in hospital, 34; data concerning Board of Trustees, 65; pro\isions concern- ing discharge of patients from hospital, 84, 85. See also States. Arteries, diseases of, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 169; among feeble-minded in institu- tions, 190, 210. .Austria-Hungary, natives of, in total popu- lation, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane among natives of, 31, 32. Authorities committing insane to state hos- pitals, 76, 79, 81. Birthplace. .See Country of birth. Blind, among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 204, 205. Boarding out, of insane, by hospital authori- ties, 74. Boards of control, general character of duties, 64. Bright's disease. See Nephritis. CaUfomia, data concerning state agencies having oversight of insane, 65; detention places for alleged insane, 72; psycho- pathic probation officers, 77; provision concerning hearing of paroled patient, 85; provision concerning removal of dis- charged patients from hospitals, 85. See also States. Canada, natives of, in total population, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane among English and French Canadians, 31, 32. Cancer and other malignant tumora, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among in- sane in hospitals, 63, 168; among feeble- minded in institutions, 190, 210. Capital punishment, states forbidding, 103; provisions concerning insanity in case of persons awaiting, 103. Care of insane, provisions for, 72-74. Causes of deatlis, of adults in general popula- tion, 63; of insane in hospitals, 63, 168; of feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210. Census of insane, scope, 11; comparison with earlier censuses, 11. Cerebral hemorrhage and softening, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among in- sane in hospitals, 63, 168; among feeble- minded in institutions, 190, 210. Charities, state boards of, having oversight of insane, 64, 65. Children, per cent in total population, by divisions, 18. Chronic insane, hospitals for, 72, 73. Cities, large, increase in number and in rela- tive population, 14. See also Urban com- munities. Classes committed to insane hospitals, varia- tion in practice, 15; provisions concern- ing, 74, 75. Color, insane in hosjiitals classified accord- ing to, 34, 35, 37; by age, 35; by sex, for each specified institution, 108, 109; per- sons discharged from insane hospitals in 1910 classified by, 162, 170; insane who died in hospitals classified by, 162, 164, 166; insane transferred classified by, 162, 163. See also Race. Colorado, data concerning State Board of Charities and Corrections, 66; county boards of visitors for charitable institu- tions, 68; supervision of private insane hospitals, 73; provision concerning dis- charge of patients from hospitals, 84. See also States. Colored feeble-minded, number reported as physically defective, 204, 205. See alio Color and Race. Colored insane, males, by prior occupation, 1.50; females, by prior occupation, 153; number having geuenvl paralysis or alco- holic p.sychosis, 173, 174, 176, 177. See also Color and Race. Commissioners of insanity, county, 68. Commitment, legal procedure in, 75; pro- visions for appeal from, 82 ; provisions con- cerning cost of, 82, 83. 213 214 INDEX. Compenscitiou, of members of state boards having oversight of insane, 64, 65. Condition at discharge, persons discharged from insane ho3j)itals classified by, 170, 172; persons discharged from feeble- minded institutions classified by, 190, 210. Connecticut, data concerning State Board of Charities, 65, 60; provisions concerning suspension of commitment, 82; appeal from order of commitment, 82; provision concerning discharge of patient from hos- pital, 84. See also States. Convicted persons, procedure in case of in- sanity of, 88. Cost of commitment of insane, provisions concerning. 82, 83. Cost of maintenance of patients in insane hospitals, provisions concerning, 86. Country. See Rural communities. Country of birth, foreign-bom white popula- tion by, 31, 32; foreign-born white insane in hospitals by, 31, 32, 128, 129; ratio of insane in hospitals to natives of each specified country, 31, 32; of immigrants, influence upon insanity ratios for foreign bom grouped according to time in United States, 33. County almshouses, authorities controlling, 68. County and city hospitals for the insane, number of insane in, 21, 123; number in each state, 122. County boards having supervision of insane, 68. County homes, departments for insane, 15. County insane hospitals, states having pro- visions authorizing, 72; states having pro- visions forbidding, 72; number, 72, 73. Crime, persons charged with, procedure in case of insanity, 87-93. Criminal insane, in jails or penitentiaries not enumerated, 15; statement of tables re- lating to, 64; hospitals for, 72, 73; pro- visions concerning, 87-105. Crippled, maimed, or deformed, among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 204, 205. Deaf, among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 204, 205. Death rates, effect on ratio of inmates of hospitals to general population, 23; effect on sex ratio of insane in hospitals, 41; for insane in hospitals, 62, 63. Death sentence, provisions concerning in- sanity in case of persons under, 103. Deaths, among insane in hospitals: number, 16, 62; by states, 16, 109, 102, 108; average age of insane who died in hospitals, 60; classification by age, 63, 164, 160; by sex, 63, 109, 102; by cause, 63, 168; number in each specified hospital, 109; classification by color, 162; of male insane, by color and age, 164; of female insane, by color and age, 166. among feeble-minded in institutions; number, 184; classification bjrsex, 190, 210; by cause, 190, 210; number in each speci- fied institution, by states, 193; classifica- tion by age, 210. Defectives, physical, among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 204, 205. Delaware, comparison of white and negro in- sane in hospital, 34. See also States. Denmark, nativesof , in total population and among insane in hospitals, 31 ; proportion of insane among nati>'e8 of, 31. Deportation of immigrants on accoimt of in- sanity, 33. Derangement, provisions regarding degree of, for persons committed to hospitals, 74, 75. Detention hospitals, provisions for, 72, 73; voluntary commitment to, in Minnesota, 77. Diabetes, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 108. Diarrhea and enteritis, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 109; among feeble-minded in institu- tions, 190, 210. Discharges from insane hospitals: number, 16, 62; by states, 16, 109, 162, 170;_ aver- age age of persons discharged from insane hospitals, GO; classification by condition at discharge, 02, 170, 172; legal provisions concerning, 84-86; number from each speci- fied hospital, by sex, 109; classification by sex, 109, 162, 170, 172; by color, 102, 170; by age, 172. of feeble-minded from institutions: number, 184; by sex, custody to which committed and condition at discharge, 190, 210; number from each specified in- stitution, by states, 193. District of Columbia, high ratio of insane to total population explained, 15; comparison of white and negro insane in hospital, 34; data concerning Board of Charities, GO. See also States. Divisions. See Geographic divisions. Duration of present attack, insane in hospi- tals classified by, 00, 160, 161. Dysentery, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 108; among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210. England and Wales, natives of, in total pop- iilation, 31, 32; among insane in hospitab, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane among natives of, 31, 32. Enumerators, estimated omissions in re- tiums of insane in 1890, 13. Epilepsy, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among insane in hospitals, _ 63, 169; among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210. Epileptics, among feeble-minded in institu- tions, 190, 204, 205; hospitals for, among hospitals reporting insane, 72, 73; states excluding noninsane, from insane hospi- tals, 75. Erysipelas, deaths from, in adult popula- tion, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 168; among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210. Executive officers of state insane hospitals, appointment and qualifications, 70. Expenses of insane _ patients in hospitals, provisions concerning payment of, 86. Feeble-minded inmates of institutions, total number, 183; scope of census, 183; com- parison with previous censuses, 183, 186, 187; number of institutions for, 183, 184; number in almshouses, 183, 187; in public and private institutions, 184, 185; num- ber, by states, 185, 186, 196, 202; by divi- sions, 185, 186, 196, 202, 200; ratio to total population, 180-188; distribution among special institutions and almshouses, by divisions, 187; distribution by age, 187, 200, 202;byraceandnati\dtv, 188, 192, 190,200, 200; sex distribution, 189, 192, 196, 200, 201; native and foreign-born white, by age and sex, with sex ratios, 189; physically detective among, 190, 204; discharges, 190, 193, 210; deaths, 190, 193, 210; number in each specified public and private institu- tion, by sex, race, and nativity, 192; trans- fers, 193, 210; distribution of inmates by marital condition, 200; by source of sup- port, 211. See also Admissions of feeble- minded to institutions. Feeble-mindedness, definition, 183. Female insane in hospitals, percentage sin- gle among, compared with that for males, 48; distribution of number admitted in 1910 by prior occupation, 49,153; deaths among, 166. See also Sex. Florida, comparison of white and negro in- sane in hospital, 34; data concerning Board of Commissioners of State Institutions, 66. See also States. Foreign-born white feeble-minded in insti- tutions, comparison with native white, 188, 189. See also Nativity ajid Race. Foreign-born white insane in hospitals, 25; compared with native white insane, for age groups, 20_, 27, 29; influences affecting ratios of admi.ssions to hospitals, 27; hy- pothetical number of admissions com- puted on basis of age distribution of native white, 27; compared with native white in- sane, by divisions, 28, 29, 43; compared • with native white insane, by states, 30; dis- tribution by country of birth, 31,32,128, 129; by time in United States, 32, 33; compared with negro insane, 30, 43; com- pared with native white insane of native parentage and native white insane of foreign or mixed parentage, 37^0; ratios of admissions of males and females to hos- pitals compared, by divisions, 43; admis- sions to hospitals from urban and rural communities compared with statistics for native white, 51. See also Nativity and Race. France, natives of, in total population, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane among natives of, 31, 32. General paralysis of insanej insane admitted to hospitals in 1910 having: number, 53; ratio to total insane admitted, 53-56, 58; ratio to total population, 53-58; number, by divisions, 54, 173, 175; by prior residence, 54, 175; by age, 55, 57, 174; by sex, 56, 57, 174, 175; by race, nativity, and parentage, 58, 173, 174; by states, 173; number having also alcoholic psychosis, 179. deatlis from: in adult population, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 168; among feeble-minded in institutions^ 190, 210. Geographic divisions, insane m hospitals: comparison of ratios to total population with composition of population, 18; rank of divisions according to ratios of insane inmates and admissions to total popula- tion, 18; comparison vvith 1904, 19, 20; age distribution, 24; native and foreign- born white compared, 28, 30, 38-40; ratio to total population, for native and foreign- born white, 29; foreign-born white, by country of birth, 32; white and negro com- pared, 34, 36; sex distribution, 43, 51, 142, 144, 156; distribution by race and nativity, 43, 142, 144, 156; illiteracy among, 46, 47, 146, 148; distribution by marital condi- tion, 48, 142, 144; by prior residence, 49, 53; number having general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis, 54, 59, 175, 178; num- ber reporting previous admission, 61, 156; discharges from hospitals, 62 ; native white, by parentage, 142, 144, 150; deaths among, 102, 108. feeble-minded in institutions: number, 185-187; distribution by race and nativity, 188, 200, 208; physically defective among, 190, 204, 205; distribution by sex and marital condition, 206, 208; native- white, by parentage, 200, 208; deaths, dis- charges, and transfers among, 210. See also statistical references under States. Georgia, comparison of white and negro in- sane in hospitals, 34; supervision of private insane hospitals, 73. See also States. Germany, natives of, in total population, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128, 129 ; proportion of insane among natives of, 31, 32. Great Britain, natives of, in total popula- tion, and among insane in hospitals, 31; proportion of insane among natives of, 31. INDEX. 215 Habeas corpus proceedings, for release of insane patients, 85. Harmless insane, regulations restricting ad- mission to insane hospitals, 75. Heart, organic diseases of, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among insane in hos- pitals, 63, 169; among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210. Hospitals for insane, number canvassed, 11; classes, 15, 122, 123; number of insane in- mates and admissions, for each class, 21, 122, 123; location affects ratios of admis- sions for different counties, 50; insane classified by time spent in, 59, 60, 154; boards controlling public, by states, 69; provisions regarding chief omcers of state hospitals, 70, 71; pro\dsions regarding maintenance in state hospitals, 86; list of public and jsrivate hospitals in each state, with movement of insane population for each, 108. Idaho. See States. Idiots, states where legal definition of "insane person" includes, 74; states where not suitable patients for state in- sane hospitals, 75; states providing for their admission to insane hospitals, 75. Illinois, data concerning state boards hav- ing oversight of insane, 65,66; provision for boarding out of hospital patient, 74. See also States. Illiteracy, percentage of. among insane in hospitals, 45-47; in general population, 46,47. See also Litera.cy. Immigrants, insanity among, 25-34; large relative proportion among insane in hos- pitals explained, 2G ; numbers debarred and deported on account of insanity, 33. See also Foreign-born white. Immigration laws, effect upon proportion of foreign born admitted to insane hos- pitals, 27,28; classes of immigrants de- barred or deported on account of insanity, 33; exclusion of feeble-minded, 188. Indiana, data concerning Board of State Charities, 66; boards of county charities and corrections, 68. See also States. Indians. See Race. Indictment, persons escaping, by reason of insanity, 97. Inebriates, admission to state insane hos- pitals, 75. Insane, censuses, 11; number in almshouses, by states, 16; proportion in hospitals in 1890, 25; town and county officials charged with oversight of, 68; provisions for care of, 72-74; states in which legal definition includes idiots, 74. inmates of hospitals: scope of census, 11; comparison with earlier censuses, 11-13, 19, 41; total number, by divisions and states, 16, 21, 44. 124; bv age at enu- meration, 22, 23, 63, 130", 134; by age when first admitted to insane hospital, 22, 132, 136; by race and nativity, 25, 37, 108, 124; native and foreign-born white, by divisions, 28, 30; foreign-born white, by country of birth, 31, 128; white and negro, 34; native white, bv parentage, 37, 124; sex distribution, 4"l, 43, 44, 124; illit- eracy among, 45-47, 146; distribution by marital condition, 47, 48, 142; number in public and private liospitals in each state, 108, 122; males, by prior occupation, 150; females, by prior occupation, 1.53; dis- tribution by time spent in hospitals, 154; discharges, 16, 62, 162, 170, 172; deaths, 16, 63, 162, 168; transfers, 16, 162, ratio of inmates of hospitals to total population: comparison with previous censuses, 12, 19, 21; influences affecting, 15, IS; for states, 16, 21; for divdsions, 16, 18, 21; for age groups, 23; for race and na- tivity groups, 25, 27, 42; for persons born in specified countries, 31; for males and females, 41-44. See also Admissions of insane to hospitals, o?id White insane. Insanity, inquiry on population schedule concerning, 11; question of increase dis- cussed, 13, 14; influences affecting preva- lence, IS; admissions to hospitals as index of, 24; immigrants deported on account of, 33; among negroes, 34; admissions to hospitals distributed by duration of pres- ent attack of, 60, 160; state boards of, 64, 65; county commissioners of, 68; plea of, in criminal cases, 87, 93 ; provisions regard- ing acquittal on account of, 93; as cause for failure to indict, 97; of sentenced pris- oners, procedure, 97, 103. Insanity boards, states having, 64. Institutional agencies controlling insane hospitals, 68-71. Institutional care of insane, extension of, 14; provisions for, 15. See also Hospitals for insane. Institutions for feeble-minded, increase in number, 183; tendency toward state con- trol, 184; number of public and private, 184; number of feeble-minded in alms- houses compared with number in, 187; list of public and private institutions in each state, with movement of population for each, 192. Interstate migration, affects relative preva- lence of insanity in different sections, 18. Iowa, ratio of insane in hospitals to general population affected by provisions for pub- lic care of insane, 15; data concerning state boards having oversight of insane, 66; county commissioners of insanity, 6S. See also States. Ireland, natives of, in total population, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane among natives of, 31,32. Italy, natives ofj in total population, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane among natives of, 31,32. Jury trial for alleged insane, provisions as to, 76, 79, 81. Kansas, committee for visiting state insti- tutions, 64; data concerning Board of Control of State Charitable Institutions, 65, 66. See also States. Kentucky, comparison of white and negro insane in hospitals, 34; data concerning State Board of Control for Charitable Institutions, 66. See also States. Laws relating to care of insane, summary, 64-105. Legal procedure in commitment to state in- sane hospitals, 75-83. Licenses for private insane hospitals, states requiring, 74. Literacv, insane in hospitals classified bv, 45, 47, 146, 148. Longview Hospital, provision concern- ing, 72. Louisiana, comparison of white and negro insane in hospitals, 34; data concerning State Board of Charities and Corrections, 66. See also States. Lunacy commissions, states having, 64. Maine, data concerning state boards having oversight of insane, 65, 66, 67; provisions concerning removal of discharged pa- tients from hospitals, 85. See also States. Maintenance, of patients in state hospitals, provisions concerning payment, 86; of feeble-minded in in.stitutions, 211. Male insane in hospitals, factors affecting ratio of males to females in hospitals, 41; ratio of admissions to insane hospitals compared with that for females, 42, 56; distribution of number admitted in 1910 by prior occupation, 48, 150; deaths among, 164. See also Sex. Marital condition, insane in hospitals classi- fied by, 47, 48, 142, 144; per cent distribu- tion of male and female adult popula- tion by, 48; feeble-minded in institutions classified by, 206, 208. Maryland, comparison of white and negro insane in hospitals, 34; data concerning state boards having oversight of insane, 65, 66. See also States. Massachusetts, kinds of insane institutions, 15; data concerning State Board of In- sanity, 65, 66; provision for boarding out of hospital patients, 74; provision con- cerning inquiry as to future of patient discharged from insane hospital, 86; cen- sus of feeble-minded by State Board of Insanity, 183. See also States. Medical experience, requirements in mem- bership of state boards of insanity, 65; requirements for chief officers of state in- sane hospitals, 70. Medical testimony, requirements in exam- ination of alleged insane for commit- ment to general state hospitals, 76, 79, 81. Membership of state boards having over- sight of insane, 64, 65; of boards con- trolling public insane hospitals, 69. Mental alienation, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among insane in hospi- tals, 63, 168, 169; among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210. Michigan, joint meetings of trustees of insane hospitals, 64; data concerning Board of Corrections and Charities, 66; provision regarding parole of pay patients, 84; provision concerning removal of dis- charged patients from hospitals, 86. See also States. Middle Atlantic division, ratios of admis- sions for native white and foreign-bom white compared, 28. See also Geographic divisions. Milwaukee Hospital for Insane, control of, 72. Minnesota, data concerning state boards having oversight of insane, 66; detention hospitals for insane, 72; provision for boarding out of hospital patients, 74; voluntary commitment to detention hos- pitals, 77. See also States. Mississippi, comparison of white and negro insane in hospitals, 34. See also States. ilissouri, data concerning State Board of Charities and Corrections, 65, 66; county boards of visitors for charitable institu- tions, 68. See aho States. Montana, data concerning State Board of Commissioners for Insane, 66. See also States. Municipal institutions for insane, number, 72; by states, 73. Nationality of forei^-born white insane, 31; effect of diversities in racial composition upon ratio of admissions to insane hos- pitals, 31. See also Country of birth. Native white feeble-minded. See Nativity. Native white insane in hospitals, 25; com- pared with foreign-bom white insane, for age groups, 26, 27; comparison for divi- sions, 28, 29, 43; comparison for states, 30; classes according to parentage compared with foreign-born whites, 36-40; ratios of admissions of males and females to hospi- tals compared, by divisions, 42, 43; ad- missions to hospitals from urban and rural communities compared with statis- tics for foreign-bom white, 51. See also Nativity and Race. 216 INDEX. Nativity, white insane in hospitals classi- fied according to: number, 25, 27, 37; by literacy, 45, 146, 148; percentage of illiteracy among, 46, 47; distribution by prior residence, 51, 52, 140; insane haviiig general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis, 57-59, 173, 174, 176, 177, 179; distribution by duration of present attack, 60, 161; by report aa to previousadmission, 61, 156; by states, 108, 124, 126; by divisions, 124, 126, 142, 144; by sex, 134-137, 142, 144, 156; by age at enumeration, 134, 135; by age when first admitted to insane hospital, 136, 137; by marital condition, 142, 144; males admitted in 1910, by prior occupation, 150; females, by prior occupation, 153. feeble-minded in institutions classified according to: number, 187, 188; by divi- sions, 188, 196, 198; by sex, 189, 196, 198, 200, 201, 206, 208; by states, 192, 193, 196, 198; by age, 200, 20i; number physically defective, 204, 205; distribution by marital condition, 206, 208. See also Native white insane and Foreign-born white insane. Nebraska, data concerning state boards hav- ing oversight of insane, 66, 67; county commissioners of insanity, 68. See also States. Negro insane, 25; comparison with white in- sane, for divisions, 34, 43; for the North and South, 35, 36; for age periods, 35; fac- tors affecting ratios of admissions to insane hospitals, 35, 36; comparison with foreign- born white, 36; ratios of admissions of males and females to hospitals compared, by divisions, 43; hospitals for. 72, 73. See also Color and Race. Nephritis, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 169; among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210. Nervous system, diseases of, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 168, 169; among feeble- minded in institutions, 190, 210. Nevada, data concerning Board of Commis- eioners, 66. See also States. New England, ratios of admissions to hospi- tals for native white and foreign-born white compared. 28; ratios of admissions for foreign parentage classes compared, 40; classification of communities as urban and rirral, 50. See also Geographic divisions. New Hampshire, data concerning state boai'ds having oversight of insane, 65, 66, 67; pro\asion concerning discharge of pa- tients from hospital, 84; procediue follow- ing plea of insanity in criminal cases, 87, 90. See also States. New Jersey, board comprising chiefs of state institutions authorized, 64; data concern- ing Commissioner of Charities and Correc- tions, 66. See also States. New Mexico. See States. New York, kinds of institutions for insane, 15; deportation of aUen insane inmates of institutions, 33; visitors to state hos- pitals, 64; data concerning State Hospital Commission, 65, 66; procedure following plea of insanity in criminal cases, 87, 90. See also States. Nonresident insane persons, provisions con- cerning admission to state hospitals, 77. North, comparison of statistics for white and negro insane, 35, 36. North Carolina, comparison of white and negro insane in hospitals, 34 ; data concern- ing state boards having oversight of insane, 66. See also States. North Dakota, ratio of insane in hospitals to general population, 15; data concerning Board of Control of State Institutions, 65, 67; county commissioners of insanity, 68. See also States. Norway, natives of, in total population and among insane in hospitals, 31; proportion of insane among natives of, 31. Notification of alleged insane before commit- ment proceedings, states requiring, 76. Occupation prior to admission to hospital, insane admitted to hospitals in 1910 classi- fied by, 48; factors affecting occupational distribution of insane, 49; male insane admitted to hospitals classified by, 150; female insane admitted to hospitals classi- fied by, 153. Ohio, data concerning state boards having oversightof insane, 65, 66, 67; county boards of visitors for charitable institutions, 68; provisions for detention hospitals, 73; supervision of private insane hospitals, 73; provisions concerning discharge of patients from insane hospitals, 84. See also States. Oklahoma, comparison of white and negro insane in hospitals, 34; data concerning Commissioner of Charities and Corrections, 66; county commissioners of insanity, 68. See also States. Oregon, data concerning Oregon State Board of Control, 67; licensing of private insane hospitals, 74; provision for appeals in lunacy proceedings, 82. See also States. Paralytic, among feeble-minded in institu- tions, 190, 204, 205. Parentage, native white insane in hospitals classified according to: classes distin- guished, 36; compared with total popu- lation, 37, 39; compared with foreign- born white insane, 37-40; nmuber, by age at enumeration, 37, 134, 135; by divisions, 39, 124, 126, 142, 144, 156; by literacy, 45, 146, 148; percentage of illiteracy among, 46, 47; insane having general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis, 58, 173, 174, 176, 177, 179; distribution by duration of present attack, 60, 161; by report as to previous admission, 61, 156; by states, 124, 126; by sex, 134-137, 140, 142; by age when first admitted to insane hospital, 136, 137; by prior residence, 140; by marital condition, 142, 144; males admitted in 1910, by prior occupation, 150; females, by prior occupa- tion, 153. native white feeble-minded in institu- tions classified according to: number, 188; by sex, 189, 196, 198; by states, 196, 198; by divisions, 196, 198, 206; by age, 200, 201; number physically defective, 204, 205; distribution by marital condition, 206, 208. Parole of patients in hospitals, provisions concerning. 83, 84. Paupers, insane in almshouses, 16, 18; feeble- minded in almshouses, 185. Pay patients, admission to insane hospitals without judicial proceedings, 77. Pennsylvania, data concerning Board of Public Charities, 65, 66; county boards of visitors for charitable institutions, 68; pro- vision for psychopathic wards in hospitals for sick, 73; provision for appeal from order regarding care of insane person, 82. See also States. Physically defective feeble-minded. See Defectives, physical. Physicians, returns as to insane in 1880, 12, 13. See also Medical experience and Med- ical testimony. Plea of insanity, provisiona concerning pro- cedure, 87, 93. Pneumonia, deaths from, in adult popula- tion, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 169; among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210. Poland, natives of, among insane in hospi- tals, .31, 128, 129. Population , 16 ; increase in , 19 , 20 ; distribution by age, 22, 23; by race and nativity, 25, 37; sex ratio, 40, 189; number of males and females, 41; percentage of illiteracy in, 46; distribution by residence, 49. Population schedule, inquiry as to insanity, Postal regulations for the protection of in- mates, states having, 87. Previous admission to insane hospitals, in- sane classified according to, 61, 156. Prisoners, sentenced, procedure upon dis- covery of insanity, by states, 97, 103. Private hospitals for insane, proportion of in- stitutional insane in, 21; states providing for supervision of, 73; movement of popu- lation in each specified hospital, by states, 108; total number in each state, with aver- age number of inmates and admissions per hospital, 122. Private institutions for feeble-minded, num- ber in each state, 185; movement of popu- lation in each specified institution, by states, 192. Psychopathic hospitals, for observation of insane, 72. Psychopathic probation ofiicers, provision in California concerning, 77. Psychopathic wards, in general hospitals, 15, 73. Public hospitals for insane, classes, 15, 72, 73, 122; boards controlling, by states, 69; movement of population in each specified hospital, by states, 108. Public institutions for feeble-minded, num- ber in each state, 185; movement of popu- lation in each specified institution, by states, 192. Race, insane in hospitals classified according to: number, 25, 37; ratio to total popula- tion for each group, 27, 37; distiibution by age at enumeration, 37, 134, 135; by literacy, 45, 146, 148; percentage of illiter- acy among insane of each class, 46, 47; distribution by prior residence, 51, 52, 140; insane having general paralysis or alco- hohc psychosis, 57-59, 173, 174, 176, 177, 179 ; insane, by report as to previous admis- sion, 61, 156; by states, 122, 124, 126; by divisions, 124, 126, 142, 144, 156; by sex, 134-137, 140, 142, 144, 156, 161; by age when first admitted to insane hospital, 136, 137; by marital condition, 142, 144; males admitted in 1910, by prior occupa- tion, 150; females, by prior occupation, 153; distribution by duration of present attack, 161. feeble-minded in institutions classified according to: number, 187, 188; by sex, 189, 196, 198, 200, 201, 206, 208; by states, 192, 196, 198; by divisions, 196, 198, 206, 208; by age, 200, 201; number physically defective, 204, 205; distribution by maii- tal condition, 206, 208. See also Color, Foreign-born white insane, and Native white insane. Recovery from insanity, variations in use of term, 62. See also Condition at discharge. Recurrence of insanity. See Previous ad- mission to insane hospitals. Registration area, deaths of adults in, from leading causes, 63. Removal of patients to homes, provisions concerning, 85, 86. Residence, insane admitted to hospitals in 1910 classified according to: comparison with distribution of population, 49; distri- bution by divisions, 50, 51, 52; by sex, 50, 51, 138, 140,141; by race and nativity, 51, 52, 140; by states, 52, 53, 138; by age, 141; insane having general paralysis or alco- holic psychosis, 54, 55, 175, 178. INDEX. 217 Rhode Island, data concerning Board of State Charities and Corrections, 66. See also States. Rural communities, increa.se in population compared with that for urban communi- ties, 14; use of term, 49; population of, 49; distribution of population 51. See also Residence. Russia, natives of, per cent distribution by mother tongue, 31; number in total popu- lation, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane among natives of, 31, 32. Scandinavian countries, natives of, in total population, 31, 32; among insane in hos- pitals, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of in- sane among natives of, 31, 32. Schedules, kinds used for census of insane, 11. Scotland, natives of, in total population, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane among natives of, 31, 32. Senility, deaths from, in adult population, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 169; among feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210. Sex, insane in hospitals classified according to: number, 40; sex ratios, 40, 41; com- parison with previous censuses, 41; ratio to total population, 41; distribution by age at enumeration, 41, 42, 134, 135, 141; by race and nativity, 42, 43, 124, 126, 134- 137; by divisions, 43, 44, 51; by states, 44, 108, 124, 126; by marital condition, 47, 48, 142, 144; by prior residence, 50, 51, 138, 140, 141; insane having general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis, 55, 56, 174, 175, 177-179; distribution by time spent in hospitafe, 59, 154; by report as to previous admission, 61, 156; deaths among, 109, 162; discharges among, 109, 162, 170, 172; transfers among, 109, 162; insane, by age when first admitted to insane hospital, 136, 137; by literacy. 146, 148; by duration of present attack. 161. feeble-minded in institutions classified according to: number, 189; discharges, 190, 210; feeble-minded, by states, 192, 196, 198; by divisions, 196, 198; by race, nativ- ity, and parentage, 196, 198, 200, 201; by age, 200, 201; number physically defective, 204,205; distribution by marital condition, 206, 208; deaths, 210; transfers, 210. South, comparison of statistics for white and negro insane, 35, 36. South Carolina, comparison of white and negro insane in hospital, 34. See also States. South Dakota, data concerning state boards having oversight of insane, 66; county commissioners of insanity, 68. See also States. Special agents for census of insane, appoint- ment of, 11. State hospitals for insane, proportion of in- stitutional insane in, 21; provisions re- garding qualifications of executive officers, 70; total number, 72, 73; procedure in commitment to, 78; number m each state, with average number of inmates and ad- missions per hospital, 122. States, insane in hospitals: comparison of statistics, 15-18; ratio to total population, 16; number discharged, 10, 109, 162, 170; number who died, 16, 109, 1G2, 164, 166, 168; number transferred, 16, 109, 162; comparison with previous censuses, 19-21; native and foreign-born white compared, 30; sex distribution, 44, 124, 126, 138, 154; distribution by prior residence, 52, 53, 138; movement of population in each specified public and private hospital, 108; number of insane in each class of hospitals, with average number of inmates and admis- sions per hospital, 122; distribution by race, nativity, and parentage, 124, 126; foreign-born wliite, by country of birth, 128, 129; distribution by age at enumera- tion, 130, 131; by age when first admitted to insane hospital, 132, 133; by time spent in hospitals, 1.54; by duration of present attack, 160; number having general paraly- sis, 173; number having alcohohc psy- chosis, 176. States, laws relating to insane: general ad- ministrative or supervisory agencies, 65; institutional boards, 69; qualifications of chief executive officers of state hospitals, 70; claasesof public hospitals, 73; supervi- sion of private insane hospitals, 73; list of states in which legal definition of "insane person" includes idiots, 74; provisions regarding classes committed to insane hospitals, 74, 75; admission of inebriates, drug users, and epileptics to state hos- pitals. 75; notification of alleged insane before commitment proceedings, 76; ad- mission of pri\-ate pay patients to state hospitals, 77; voluntary commitment, 77; procedure in commitment to general state hospitals. 78; appeal from order of commit- ment, 82; cost of commitment, 82, 83; conveying patients to hospitals, 83; pa- role of insane patients. S3, 84; appeal for discharge of patient claimed to be sane, 84; appeal for discharge of unrecovered patient, 85; habeas corpus proceedings, 85; expenses of removing discharged patients, 86; cost of maintenance of patients in state hospitals, 86; postal privileges of in- mates, 87; procedure in case of insanity of persons charged with crime, etc., 88; plea of insanity in criminal cases, 93; acquittal on ground of insanity, 94; procedure when persons escape indictment by reason of insanity, 97; procedure when prisoners serving time become insane, 97; procedure when prisoners sentenced to death become insane, 103. feeble-minded in institutions: provi- sions for, 184; number in public and pri- vate institutions and in almshouses, 185; comparison ■n-ith previous census, 186; movement of population in each specified public and private institution, 192; num- ber, by sex, race, nativity, and parentage, 196, 198; by age, 202, 203; by source of support, 211. Suicides, number in adult population, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 169; among feeble-minded in institutions. 190, 210. Support, source of, feeble-minded in insti- tutions classified by, 211. Sweden, natives of, in total population and among insane in hospitals, 31 ; proportion of insane among natives of, 31. Switzerland, natives of, in total population, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane among na- tives of , 31. 32. Tennessee, comparison of white and negro insane in hospitals, 34; visitors to state hospitals, 64; data concerning Board of State Charities, 67; licensing of private insane hospitals, 74. See also States. Texas, comparison of white and negro insane in hospitals, 34; provision regarding dis- charge of patients from insane hospitals, 84.