>895
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
GIFT OF
SAN FRANCISCO
COUNTY MEDICAL SOCIETY
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE
BUREAU OF THE CENSUS
WM. J. HARRIS, Director
'"On —
INSANE AND FEEBLE-MINDED
IN INSTITUTIONS
1910
WASHINGTON
GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE
1914
Biomedieitt
LibratT
lb
lJS23i.
CONTENTS.
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
STATISTICAL SUMMARY.
Page.
iNTRODUcno;^ ] 1-14
Earlier censuses 11
Comparative summary: 1850 to 1910 '2
Question of the increase of insanity 13
Analysis op the statistics 15-63
Comparison, by states 15-19
Increase, by states 19-21
Age ; 22-25
At the date of the census , 22
WTien first admitted "2
Ratio to total population 22
Admissions as an index of insanity 24
Proportion of insane in hospitals -S
Race and nativity "25
Insanity among immigrants 1.5-34
Age periods 26
Influence of the age factor - 27
Other points of difference 27
Comparison with other classes 27
Geographic di\'isions '28
States ; 30
Nationalities according to country of birth 31
Length of time in the United States 32
Insanity among negroes - 34-36
Northern negroes compared with Southern 34
Comparison by age periods 35
Compared with the foreign-bom white 36
Native and foreign parentage 30-40
Sex : 40-14
Ratio of males to females 40
Ratio to total population 41
Sex and age 41
Illiteracy 45^7
Marital condition 47, 48
Occupations 48, 49
City and country 49-53
Sex 50
Race and nativity •''1
States 52
General paralysis and alcoholic psychosis 53-59
City and country 54
Age 55
Sex : 55
Sex and age -. 56
Race, nati\-ity, and parentage 57
Length of time in hospitals ''') ""^
Duration of present attack ^"
Previous admissions "4
Discharges ""
Deaths <*2,63
(3)
4 . CONTENTS.
SUMMARY OF LAWS RELATIVE TO THE CARE OF THE INSANE.
Page.
General administrative or supervisory agencies 64-67
Table 1. — General administrative or supervisory agencies in existence on January 1, 1910, or created subsequently 65-67
Local agencies — the town and county officials charged with oversight of the insane, indigent, and others 68
County boards 68
Institutional administrative and supervisory agencies 68-71
Table 2. — Boards controlling or supervising indi\-idual public institutions for the insane : 1910 69
Table 3. — Chief executive officers of state institutions for the insane: 1910 70, 71
Provisions for the care of the insane 72-74
Public institutions 72
Table 4. — Public institutions for the insane from which insane were reported : January 1, 1910 73
Private institutions 73
Outside of institutions 74
Classes committed 74, 75
Legal procedure in commitment 75-83
Pay patients committed without judicial proceedings 77
Voluntary commitment 77
Table 5. — Procedure in commitment to general state hospitals 78-81
Appeal from order of commitment 82
Table 6. — Appeal from order of commitment 82
Cost of commitment 82
Conve>nng patients to the hospital 83
Parole of patients 83, 84
Discharge 84-86
Table 7. — Appeal for discharge of patient claimed to be sane 84
Table S. — Appeal for discharge of patient who has not recovered 85
Habeas corpus proceedings 85
Removal of patients to homes 85
Cost of maintenance of patients in state hospitals 86, 87
Table 9. — Cost of maintenance of patients in state hospitals 86
Postal regulations for the protection of inmates 87
The criminal insane 87-105
Persons charged with crime 87-93
Table 10. — Persons charged with crime, undergoing trial, convicted but not sentenced, or in confinement under other legal
process, who appear insane or plead insanity 88-93
Table 11. — Pro\isions concerning plea of insanity in criminal cases 93
Persons acquitted 93-96
Table 12. — Persons acquitted of criminal charge on ground of insanity 94-96
Persons who escape indictment 97
Table 13. — Persons who escape indictment by reason of insanity 97
Sentenced prisoners 97-105
Table 14. — Prisoners ser\ing time or sentenced to serve time who become or appear insane 97-103
Prisoners under death sentence 103-105
Table 15. — Prisoners under sentence of death who become or appear insane 103-105
MAPS AND DIAGRAMS.
Map 1. — Ratio of insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, per 100,000 population 17
Map 2. — Ratio of insane admitted to hospitals in 1910 por 100,000 population 17
Diagram 1. — Number of insane in hospitals compared with total adult population: 1910 and 1904 14
Diagram 2. — Distribution, by age periods, of the insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, and the insane admitted during
the year 22
Diagram 3. — Ratio of insane admitted to hospitals in each group per 100,000 )iopulation of the same age: 1910 23
Diagram 4. — Ratio of native whites and of foreign-bom whites admitted to hospitals for the insane in 1910 per 100.000 population
of same color, nativity, and age 26
Diagram 5. — Ratio of white and negro insane admitted to hospitals in the North and in the South per 100,000 population of the same
age and race 36
Diagram 6. — Ratio of (1) native whites of native parentage, (2) native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, (3) foreign-born whites,
and (4) negroes admitted to hospitals for the insane per 100,000 population of the same color, race, nati^'ity, and age. 38
Diagram 7. — Ratio of males and of females admitted to hospitals for the insane in 1910 per 100,000 population of the same age and
sex 42
Diagram 8. — Ratio of males and of females having general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis, and ratio of other males and females
admitted to hospitals for the insane in 1910 per 100,000 population of the same sex and age 57
Table 1.-
Table 2.-
Table 3,-
Table 4.-
Table 5.-
Table 6.-
Table 7.-
Table 8.-
Table 9.-
Table 10.-
Table 11.-
Table 12.-
Table 13.-
Table 14.
Table 15.
Table 16.
CONTENTS. 5
GENERAL TABLES.
Page.
-Insane in hospitals, 1910: Summary by indi\'idual institutions 108
-Number of state, county or city, and private hospitals for the insane: Number of insane enumerated in each class of
hospitals on January 1, 1910, and number admitted during the year 1910; and the average number of inmates and
admissions per hospital 122
-Insane enumerated in hospitals on Januarj' 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and sex, by divisions and states 124
-Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and sex, by di vosions and states 126
-Foreign-bom white insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by country of birth, by divisions and states. . . 128
-Foreign-bom white insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by country of birth, by divisions and states 129
-Insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by age at enumeration, by divisions and states 130
-Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by age at admission, by divisions and states 131
-Insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by age when first admitted to any hospital for the insane, by divi-
sions and states 132
-Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by age when first admitted to any hospital for the insane, by divisions and states. . 133
-Insane enimierated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at enumeration, for the
United States as a whole 134
-Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at admission, for the United States as
a whole 135
-Insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age when first admitted to any
hospital for the insane, for the United States as a whole 136
-Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and age when first admitted to any hospital for the
insane, for the United States as a whole 137
-Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by place of residence prior to admission, and by sex, by divisions and states 138
-Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and place of residence prior to admission, for the
United States as a whole 140
Table 17.— Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by age at admission, sex, and place of residence prior to admission, for the United
States as a whole 141
Table 18. — Insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and marital condition, by divisions. . 142
Table 19. — Male and female insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and marital condition, by divisions. . 144
Table 20.— Insane 10 years of age and over enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and lit-
eracy, by divisions 146
Table 21.— Insane 10 years of age and over admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and literacy, by divi-
sions 148
Table 22. — Male insane 10 years of age and over admitted to hospitals in 1910 whose occupation prior to admission was reported,
by race, nativity, parentage, and occupation prior to admission, for the United States as a whole 150
Table 23.— Female insane 10 years of age and over admitted to hospitals in 1910 whose occupation prior to admission was reported,
by race, nati\ity, parentage, and occupation prior to admission, for the United States as a whole 153
Table 24. — Insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, by length of time spent in hospitals for the insane, and by sex, by
divisions and states 154
Table 25. — Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and number of previous admissions to hospitals,
by di\-isions 156
Table 26. — Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by duration of present attack before admission, by divisions and states 160
Table 27. — Insane admitted to hospitals in 1910, by duration of present attack before admission, and by race, nati\'ity, parentage,
and sex, for the United States as a whole 161
Table 28.— Insane in hospitals who were discharged or transferred or who died in 1910, by color and sex, by divisions and states. . . 162
Table 29. — Male insane in hospitals who died in 1910, by color and age, by divisions and states 164
Table 30. — Female insane in hospitals who died in 1910, by color and age, by divisions and states 166
Table 31. — Insane in hospitals who died in 1910, by cause of death, by divisions and states 168
Tal)le 32. — Insane in hospitals who were discharged in 1910, by ccjlor, sex, and condition at discharge, by divisions and state J 70
Table 33. — Insane in hospitals who were discharged in 1910, by condition at discharge, sex, and age at discharge, for the United
States as a whole 172
Table 34. — Insane with general paralysis admitted to hospitab in 1910, by race, nativity, and parentage, by divisions and states. . . 173
Table 35. — Insane with general paralysis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at admission, for
the United States as a whole 174
Table 36. — Insane -ss-ith general paralysis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by place of residence prior to admission, and by sex, by
divisions 175
Table 37. — Insane with alcoholic psychosis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, and parentage, by divisions and states. . 176
Table 38. — Insane with alcoholic psychosis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at admission,
for the United State.^ as a whole 177
Table 39. — Insane with alcoholic psychosis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by place of residence prior to admission, and by sex, by
divisions 178
Table 40. — Insane with both general paralysis and alcoholic psychosis admitted to hospitals in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage,
sex, and age at admission, for the United States as a whole 179
6 CONTENTS.
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Page.
Introduction 183, 184
Analysis of the statistics 184, 190
States and geographic divisions 184
Comparison : 1910 and 1904 186
Age 187
Race and nati\'ity 187
Sex 189
Pliysically defective feeble-minded 190
Discharges 190
Deaths ^ 190
GENERAL TABLES.
Table 1. — Feeble-minded in institutions, 1910: Summary by individual institutions 192
Table 2. — Feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and sex, by divisions and
states 196
Table 3. — Feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, and sex, by di\d3ion8 and states 198
Table 4. — Feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at enumera-
tion, for the United States as a whole 200
Table -5. — Feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and age at admission, for the
United States as a whole 201
Table fi. — Feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by age at enumeration, by di\'isions and states 202
Table 7. — Feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910, by age at admission, by divisions and states 203
Table 8. — Feeble-minded reported as physically defective, enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by race, nativity, parent-
age, sex, and defect, by di\Tsions 204
Table 9. — Feeble-minded reported as physically defective, admitted to institutions in 1910, by race, nativity, parentage, sex, and
defect, by divisions 205
Table 10. — Feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by sex, race, nativity, parentage, and marital condition,
by divisions 206
Table 11.— Feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910, by sex, race, nativity, parentage, and marital condition, by div-isions. 208
Table 12. — Feeble-minded in institutions who were discharged, or transferred, or who died in 1910, by sex, by divisions 210
Table 13. — Feeble-minded in institutions who died in 1910, by sex, age, and cause of death, for the United States as a whole. . . 210
Table 14. — Feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on January 1, 1910, by source of support, by di\'ision8 and states 211
Table 15. — Feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910, by source of support, by divisions and states 211
Index 213
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL.
DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE,
Bureau op thk Census,
Washington, D. C, November 5, 1914.
Sir:
I have the honor to transmit herewith a report on the insane and feeble-minded in institutions for these
classes. This report is based upon a special census of the inmates of hospitals for the insane and of institutions
for the feeble-minded taken in the year 1910. The results of that census have already been pubUshed in a
series of statistical tables appearing as Bulletin 119 of the publications of this bureau. The report herewith
submitted reproduces these tables and in addition contains a discussion of the statistics, with tables present-
ing ratios and percentages. It contains also a summarization of the laws relative to the care of the insane.
The report was prepared in the Division of Revision and Results, under the direction of Dr. Joseph A.
Hill, expert special agent, assisted by Mr. Lewis Meriam.
Respectfully,
To Hon. William C Redfield,
Secretary of Commerce.
Director of the Census.
(7)
INSANE IN HOSPITALS
(9)
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
STATISTICAL SUMMARY.
By Joseph A. Hill, Expert Special Agent.
INTRODtJCTION.
The statistics published in the present report relative
to the insane in institutions, for 1910, like those pub-
lished in the corresponding report for 1904, were ob-
tained by means of a special census coveruig all the
insane inmates present in institutions for the insane at
the beginning of the year and all insane pereons ad-
mitted to such institutions during the year. The can-
vass was made through the agency of officials or other
persons connected \vith the institutions who were com-
missioned as special agents of the Bureau of the Census
to fill out and return the required schedules. A sheet
schedule with a hue for each name was used for the
enumeration of inmates at the beginning of the year;
but the records of admissions during the j^ear were
obtained on individual cards which were filled out
and returned to the bureau each month. Similar
card schedules were obtained for inmates who were
discharged or were transferred to other institutions,
or who died.
The total number of institutions canvassed at the
census of 1910 was 366, and the total number of msane
for whom data were obtained was 248,560, of whom
187,791 were present in the institutions on January 1,
1910, and 60,769 were admitted during the year 1910.
The number of insane enumerated in institutions at the
census of 1904 was 199,773, including 1.50,151 inmates
present at the beginning of the year and 49,622 ad-
mitted during the year. In the six yeai-s from 1904 to
1910 there was therefore an increase of 37,640, or 25.1
per cent, in the number of insane confined in uistitu-
tions for that class, as compared \vith an increase of
only about 12 per cent in the total population of the
United States, the number of insane m hospitals per
100,000 population advancing fi-om 183.6 iji 1904 to
204.2 in 1910. The increiise during this period in the
number admitted to such institutions during the year
was 11,147, or 22.5 per cent, the ratio of admissions
per 100,000 population uicreasing from 60.7 bi 1904
to 66.1 in 1910. As no attempt was made either in
1904 or in 1910 to enumerate the insane outside of
bistitutions, it is a question to what extent this very
striking increase in the population of hospitals for the
insane and in the number of annual commitments to
such institutions represents an increase in the preva-
lence of insanity and to what extent it may be due
to an extension of the practice of placmg the insane
under institutional care. This is a question which will
receive some consideration in the discussion which
follows. It hardly admits of a defuiite answer, how-
ever, although the statistics to be presented may
throw some Ught upon it.
Earlier censuses. — Wliile the special censuses of the
insane in 1904 and 1910 were restricted to institutions,
at each general decennial census of the population
from 1850 to 1890, inclusive, the attempt was made to
secure a complete enumeration of the insane by insert-
ing on the general population schedule a question as
to insanity. The question in the form in which it first
appeared specified ijisanity as one of a number of
defects which were to be reported wherever found
to exist. In 1850 and in 1860 the question read
"Wliether deaf and dumb, bUnd, ijisane, idiotic, pau-
per, or convict;" and in 1870 it was the same with
the omission of "pauper or convict." In 1880, how-
ever, insanity and each of the other defects specified
were covered by a separate question; but in 1890 the
question again became gei^eral and comprehensive —
"Whether defective in mijid, sight, hearing, or speech,
or whether crippled, maimed, or deformed, with name
of defect."
The attempt to secure a complete enumeration of
the insane in connection with the general population
census was not repeated at the Twelfth Census, which
was taken in 1900. The law authorizing that census
provided that certain specified subjects which had
formerly been included as a part of the regular decen-
nial census should be separated fi-om it and not taken
up until after the w ork on that census was completed,
the main object in view being to diminish the burden
of w^ork involved in a decennial census and expedite its
completion by postponhig all those associated inquiries
for which it was beUeved the data could be secured
satisfactorily at a later period, without a house-to-
house canvass of the entire United States. The in-
quuy relative to msanity having been restricted by the
Twelfth Census act to the insane in institutions, was
(11)
12
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
considered as coming into this class, and accordingly
was not taken up until 1904.
The postponement of the inquiry, however, in-
volved this disadvantage, that it interfered with
direct comparisons between the number of insane
and the general population as classified by race,
nativity, age, etc. Some of the most interesting
questions arising in connection with the subject of
insanity can be determined only by means of such
comparisons. For instance, the question naturally
arises as to the age or period of life at which the
tendency to insanity is most marked. This calls for
the computation of the ratio of hisane to general
population by age periods. But it was felt that a
census of the insane taken for the year 1904 could not
be safely compared in detail with a census of the popu-
lation taken four years earlier. Accordingly, the re-
port for 1904 did not show any ratios except the ratio
of the total number of insane enumerated iii 1904 to
the total estimated population for the same year.
Possibly the position taken regarding this matter was
unduly conservative, but, however that may be, it is
undoubtedly true that the best results to be obtained
from a census of the insane will not be realized unless
it is contemporaneous or nearly so with a general
census of population. For this reason the law pro-
\ading for the Thirteenth Census in 1910 authorized an
enumeration of the special classes in institutions cover-
ing the same year.
In any interpretation or analysis of the statistics
relative to the insane it should be borne in miad
that the term msanity apphes to a group of mental
diseases which differ widely in their causation, course,
and outcome. Accordingly, statements or conclusions
which are correct for the group as a whole may not
hold good of the more or less distinct classes which
make up this group. For iustauce, the statistics pre-
sented in this report iudicate an increased tendency
or liabihty to insanity ia the period of old age. Yet
probably this is indicative of the influence upon the
data of one type of insanity only, namely, that known
as senile dementia, which makes its appearance only
in old age.
The limitations imder which the data for a census
of the insane must be obtained make it impracticable
to go very far towards distinguishing the different
forms of insanity, although in the present report a
step has been taken in that direction by differentiating
cases of alcoholic psychosis and of general paralysis.
From a sociological and legal point of view, however,
the insane represent a fairly homogeneous class of de-
fectives; and it is frcm this point of view that the
statistics regarding the number of insane, their sex,
ages, nativity, distribution, etc., have their main value
and significance.
Comparative summary: 1850 to 1910. — The follow-
ing table sliows the number of insane persons enu-
merated at each census from 1850 to 1910, those in
institutions for the insane and outside such institu-
tions bemg shown separately for the censuses of 1880
and 1890. Prior to 1880 no separate return was made
of the insane in mstitutions; and since 1890, as already
explained, no enumeration has been made of the
insane outside of institutions.
Table 1
1910.
1904.
1890.
1880.
1870.
1860.
1850.
INSANE
ENUMERATED IN
INSTITUTION?
FOR THE INSANE.
Number.
187, 791
150, 151
74,028
40, 942
(')
Per
100,000
popu-
lation.
204.2
183.6
118.2
81.6
INSANE
ENUMERATED
OUTSIDE SUCH
INSTITUTIONS.
Per
Num-
100,000
ber.
popu-
lation.
(')
(')
(')
(')
32, 457
51.8
51,017
101.7
(')
(')
m
TOTAL INSANE
ENUMERATED.
Number.
187, 791
150, 151
106,485
91,959
' 37, 432
"24,042
> 15, 610
Per
100,000
popu-
lation.
204.2
183.6
170.0
183.3
3 97.1
S76.5
'67.3
' No enumeration of insane outside of institutions.
2 Included in the enumeration but not returned separately.
3 Enumeration believed to have been seriously deficient.
It is not to be supposed that the very marked in-
crease in the number of insane reported in 1880 as
compared with the preceding census measures an in-
crease in the actual amount of insanity. It can only
be accounted for h\ an improvement in the efficiency
of the canvass consequent upon the fact that in 1880
special attention was given to the enumeration of the
defective, dependent, and delinquent classes. This
branch of the census work was placed under the gen-
eral charge of an expert special agent, and a special
supplementary schedule was adopted for the enu-
meration of the insane. The extra compensation
which tlie enumerator received for filluig out this
schedule doubtless operated as an incentive to vigi-
lance in finding and reporting cases of insanity. At
the same time, as stated in the census report, it
was impressed upon him "that he should exert
himiself to find these defective persons and make
a full report of each case. He was instructed to
counsel with physicians upon this point, to make
inquiries of neighbors, and to report all defectives,
whether the information respecting them should be
derived fiom the family to which they belonged or
from other sources, if m his judgment it was worthy
of confidence. By this method it was sought to
obtain approximately as complete an enumeration
of defectives outside of institutions as of the inmates
of such institutions. * * * Moreover, the work
of the enumerators was supplemented by correspond-
ence Avith physicians, in all parts of the United States,
to the number of nearly 100,000, all of whom were
furnished Avith blank forms of return, and were in-
vited and urged to report to the Census Office all
idiots and lunatics within the sphere of their personal
knowledge. Four-fifths of them responiled to this
INTRODUCTION.
13
invitation," and "tlio information thus obtained sup-
plemented to a very cousitlerable extent that derived
from the enumerators." ' Precautions were taken
to eliminate duplication in the returns and probably
the results gave as complete and satisfactory a census
of the insane as it is possible to obtain in connection
•with a general census of population.
In 1890 the same method was followed except that
there was no supplementary canvass through the
agencj' of physicians ; and in the report for that census
this difference is referred to as explaining the fact that
as compared with the preceding census the number of
insane enumerated did not show an increase commen-
surate with the growth of population. At the census
of 1880, 183.3 insane persons were reported for each
100,000 inhabitants, but in 1890 the ratio fall to 170
per 100,000. It is safe to say that this decline in the
ratio did not represent an actual decline in insanity,
but, as stated in the report of 1890, is attributable to
the difference in the completeness of the enumeration.
As already noted, the census of 1890 was the last
one at which the attempt was made to seciu-e a com-
plete enumeration of the insane, the censuses of 1904
and 1910 being confined to the insane in institutions.
At the censuses prior to 1880, on the other hand, the
number of insane in institutions or hospitals for this
class of the population was not reported separately,
so that comparisons of the growth of this class of the
insane population can be made only for the 30-year
period 1880-1910. Of the total insane population
enumerated in 1880, 40,942 were reported as in insti-
tutions or hospitals, representing a ratio of 81.6 per
100,000 population; by 1910 the number in institu-
tions had increased to 187,791, a ratio of 204.2 per
100,000 population.
It is not probable that the enumeration of inmates
of special institutions for this class has been greatly
defective at any census. As to the number of in-
sane outside of institutions, the figures in Table 1,
taken at their face value, would indicate a very
marked decline in this class between 1880 and 1890.
But this is largely explained by the probabihty that
the incompleteness of the canvass in 1890 as compared
with 1880 would affect mainly the outside insane. In
1880, 17 per cent of the total number of insane enu-
merated were reported by physicians.- This would
mean that the physicians reported about 16,000 of
the 91,959 insane included in that census. On the
assumption that the insane in institutions were prac-
tically all included in the canvass by the regular
enumerators and that the insane reported by the
physicians were outside of institutions, the canvass
through the physicians increased the nimiber of out-
side insane over the enumerators' returns by about
46 per cent. Or, in other words, the regidar enumer-
' Tenth Census (1880). Report on Defective, Dependent, and
Delinquent Classes, p. ix.
- Eleventh Census ( 1890): Report on the Insane, Feeble-minded,
Deaf and Dumb, and Blind, p. 7.
ators found only about 69 per cent of the insane
reported outside of institutions. If the retiirns of
enumerators were equally deficient in 1890, then a
simdar supplementary canvass by physicians would
have made the number of insane outside of institu-
tions about 47,000 instead of 32,457, and the total
number of insane enumerated woiUd have been about
121,000 instead of 106,485, which would have made
the ratio of insane per 100,000 population 193 instead
of 170. The situation will perhaps be brought out
more clearly by the follo\ving table, which shows the
insane population in 1890, both that actually enumer-
ated and that estimated on the above basis, in com-
parison with the insane population in 1880.
Table 2
1890
1880
*'"'"^- omissions.
Enumer-
ated.
Total ....
106,485
121,000
91,959
In institutions for the insane . .
74,028
74,028
40,942
32,4,57
32,457
47,000
32,457
61.017
Returned by t lie census enumerators
135,000
I 16.000
Estimated omissions*. .. " .'
14,500
1
' The basis for the estimate is the statement, appearing in the 1890 report,
that 17 per cent of the total number of insane enumerated in 1880 were reported
upon special schedules by physicians throuphout the country. It isEtssumed,
furthermore. in the above estimate that the regular enumerators would find prac-
tically all the insane who were confined in institutions for that class and that the
insane reported l)y physicians subsequent to the census enumeration were outside
such institutions.*
The slight decrease which the estimated number of
insane outside of institutions in 1890 shows as com-
pared with the number actually' returned for 1880
involves a rather marked decrease in the ratio of this
class of insane to the total population. In 1880 the
ratio based on the actual enumeration was 101.7 in-
sane outside institutions to each 100,000 of the total
population; in 1890, on the basis of the estimates in
the preceding table, it was about 75.1 to 100,000. In
1880, according to the census returns, 44.5 per cent of
the total number of insane in the country were found
in institutions for the insane; in 1890, on the basis of
the above estimates, the percentage in institutions
was about 61.2. Possibly this is a fair indication of
the increasing tendency to place the insane under
institutional treatment.
Question of the increase of insanity. — The ratio of
total insane enumerated in 1880, when the enumera-
tion is believed to have been more complete than at
any other census, was 183.3 per 100,000 of the total
population. In 1910 the insane in hospitals alone
represented a ratio of 204.3 per 100,000 population.
As compared with the total population, therefore, the
number of insane in institutions in 1910 was rel;;-
tivety greater than the total number of insane enu-
merated in 1880.
Without entering into any general discussion of the
causes or influences which might be operative in pro-
moting an increase of insanity, one important change
in social conditions in the United States as revealed
14
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
by census statistics may be noted in this connection,
namely, the great increase in the proportion of popu-
lation living in cities. In the 30 years between
1880 and 1910 the urban population of the United
States — that is, the population residing in incor-
porated places having more than 2,500 inhabitants,
including New England towns above that limit —
increased about 190 per cent, or from 15,000,000 in
1880 to 43,000,000 in 1910, while the rural popu-
lation increased only about 40 per cent, or from
35,000,000 in 1880 to 49,000,000 in 1910. In 1880,
29.5 per cent of the population was urban and in 1910
46.3 per cent. It may be remarked that many of the
smaller places classed as urban commimities are far
from being distinctly urban in their characteristics;
but there has been at the same time a marked growth
and concentration of population in large cities. Thus
the number of cities of over 100,000 population in-
creased from 20 in 1880 to 50 in 1910, and the aggre-
gate popiilation living in such cities from 6,000,000 to
20,000,000, an increase of over 200 per cent. The pro-
portion of the total population living in cities of this
class in 1880 was 12.4 per cent, or about one-eighth,
as compared with 22.1 per cent, or more than one-
fifth, in 1910. If, as is indicated by statistics pre-
sented later in this report, insanity is more prevalent
in urban than in I'ural commimities, some increase of
insanity would seem to be an almost inevitable result
of the increasing irrbanization of the population of
the United States.
At the same time it is practically certain that
insanity has not increased to anything like the extent
which a comparison of the different census enumera-
tions woiild indicate. Beyond question the extension
of the practice of placing the insane imder institu-
tional care has had a very great influence upon the
statistics. Associated with this are other influences
which have likewise contributed to the apparent
increase of insanity, or to the increase in the number
of recognized and recorded cases, without being
indicative of any actual kicrease. Among these may
be mentioned : Increasing average length of life, bring-
ing more people to the "insanity age periods;"
advances in diagnostic methods m psychiatry, leading
to detection of mental factors in physical cases; the
establishment of dispensaries; the provision of
"voluntaiy" and emergency commitment; and better
means of transportation (the automobile, for instance),
making it possible to bring to the hospital cases in
poor physical condition.
So far as an increase of insanity is associated with
the growth of cities it may be said that it probably
results to a large extent from causes which are
preventable or subject to control. Statistics pre-
sented later in this report indicate that the difference
between city and country as regards the prevalence
of insanity is partly accoimted for by the greater
nmnber of cases of general paralysis and alcoholic
psychosis in the urban popidation. This in itself is
a significant fact because these are diseases the causes
of which must be regarded as controllable; and the
better organized work in preventive medicine, in
social service, and in hospital and dispensary reUef
makes the outlook for prevention in any disease
more encom'aging in cities than in rm-al commiinities.
Interest in the possibiUty of controlling some of the
causes of mental disease has developed only very
recently, and it is not too much to hope that consid-
erable progress in that direction may be achieved ia
the not distant futiu-e.
Diagi"am 1 is inserted here to indicate graphically
the relative numerical importance of the insane in
institutions in the United States in 1910 and in 1904
as compared with the total adult population.
Diagram 1.— NUMBER OF INSANE IN HOSPITALS COMPARED WITH TOTAL ADULT POPUI-ATION.
1910
ADULT POPULATION
62,473,130
INSANE IN HOSPITALS 187,791
1904
ADULT POPULATION
64,443,026
INSANE IN HOSPITALS 150,161
COMPARISON, BY STATES.
ANALYSIS OF THE STATISTICS.
15
COMPARISON, BY STATES.
The niimber of inmates present in hospitals for the
insane on January 1, 1910, and the number of per-
sons admitted to such hospitals durmg the year
are shown for each geogi-aphic division and state in
Table 3, together with the total population of the
division and state and the number of inmates and
admissions per 100,000 population. Where, as in the
case of the county institutions in Iowa, a separate de-
partment for the insane was maintained in connection
with a county home or poor farm it was considered
as an institution for the insane and was therefore in-
cluded in the present report. The insane reported in
ordinary almshouses not having separate departments
are also shown in this table, although they were not
included in the census of the insane, but were covered
by the special census of the almshouse population.
The ratio of the number of insane in hospitals to the
total population is obviously not a rolialile index of the
prevalence of insanity in different parts of the United
States. The exceptionally high ratio for the District
of Columbia, for instance, results from the fact that
the United States Government Hospital for the Insane
receives patients from the Army and Navy of the
United States and not alone from the population of
the District; and in many of the states private insti-
tutions receive numbere of patients from other states.
Probably to a greater extent, however, the variations
in the ratio of insane in hospitals to population reflect
differences in the provisions made for the institu-
tional care of the insane and in the practice and laws
regarding commitments, discharges, and transfers.* A
low ratio in any state or division may simply indicate
inadequate provision for tliis class of defectives. The
very general complaint of overcrowded hospitals im-
pUes that in many states the number of insane under
institutional care is kept down bj' the mere lack of
accommodations for them, and that an increase would
immediately follow the construction of a new hospital
or the extension of an existing one.
In many states all the public institutions for the
insane are state institutions. This is the case in New
' As regards transfers it will be noticed that in the table on page 16,
the insane who were transferred in the year 1910 are divided into
two main classes — those transferred to other hospitiils for the insane
end those transferred to institutions not for the insane — and that
the former class is further subdivided so as to distinguish those who
were committed prior to Jan. 1, 1910, from those committed after
that date. Those committed prior to Jan. 1 , 1910, were counted in
the population of the institution in which they vx>re found on the
Ist 01 January and also as admissions to the institution to which they
were subsequently transferred, so that to this extent the number of
reported admissions is greater than the number of new cases received
from the outside public during the year. On the other hand, those
committed after Jan. 1, and subsequently transferred to another
institution, are counted as admissions only to the last institution
to which they were commilled and occiwion no dui)lication.
York and Massachusetts. There are other states,
such as Iowa and Wisconsin, which have a number of
county insane asylums, or insane <iepartmcnts of
county almshouses, as well as state institutions. In
some states — jiotably in Massachusetts, Connecticut,
and New York — there are also many private institu-
tions. These differences between the states undoubt-
edly have some effect on the extent to which the insane
are placed under institutional care. The contrast, for
instance, between North Dakota, which has 108 insane
persons in special institutions for this class to each
100,000 of the general population, and Iowa, which
has 242, may l)e partly attributable to differences in
the provision made for the care of the insane, as indi-
cated by the fact that North Dakota has only one
special institution for the insane — the state hospital at
Jamestown, said to be overcrowded — while Iowa has
4 state hospitals and 26 departments for the insane in
county homes or farms. Wisconsin is another state in
which the relatively large number of insane in institu-
tions may result from the existence of a considerable
number of county asjdums in addition to the two
state hospitals.
The statistics may he further affected by varying
degrees of discrimination regarding the classes ad-
mitted to hospitals for the insane. In some states, for
instance, feeble-minded and idiotic persons may be
committed to such hospitals, while in other states they
are by law excluded. Naturally a difference such as
this would tend to make the ratio of inmates in hos-
pitals for the insane to total ])opulation higher in the
former class of states than in the latter. The effect of
this disturbing factor is, however, likely to become
less marked in the future, because of the rapid exten-
sion of separate institutions for the feeble-minded.
There are differences also regarding the custody of the
criminal insane. In so far as this class is confined in
jaUs or penitentiaries it does not, of course, appear in
this enumeration of the insane in hospitals. In some
states the hospitals for the insane receive inebriates,
and in some states they receive epUeptics, whether in-
sane or not. These classes, however, are not supposed
to be included in the present report unless actually in-
sane. In some locahties the general hospitals for the
sick have psychopathic wards where persons exhibiting
symj^toms of insanity are received for treatment and
observation. It Is not altogether certain, however,
what effect this has upon the number of admissions to
iastitutions for the insane. On the one hand, the
institutions arc reliev.^d of those cases where the pa-
tient in the hospital ward recovers or proves not to
have been insane; but, on the other hand, many cases
of chronic insanity are brought to light which might
not otherwise have been reported or discovered.
16
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 3
Total
population:
1910.
INSANE IN hospitals: 1910.
Insane
paupers
enumer-
ated in
alms-
houses
on Jan. 1,
1910.
1
INSANE
IN HOSPITALS WHO WERE DISCHAKGED, OR DIED, OB
WERE TRANSFERRED, IN 1910.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Admitted durmg
the year.
Discharged
Died.
Transferred.
DIVISION OB STATE.
Num-
ber.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Num-
ber.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Total.
[
To institu-
tions not
for the in-
sane.
To other hospitals for
the insane.
Committed
prior to
Jan. 1,
1910.
Com-
mitted
in
1910.
United States
91,972,256
187, 791
504 5
60,769
66.1
3,518
29,304
18,924
5,609
305
3,803
1,501
6,552,681
19,580
1 298.8
6,986
106.6
490
3,343
2,020
813
53
527
233
Maine
742, .371
430,572
355,956
3,366,416
542,610
1,114,756
19,315,892
1,258
909
990
11,601
1,243
3,579
52,380
169.5
211.1
278.1
344.6
229.1
321.1
271.2
509
326
270
4,236
490
1.155
14,669
68.6
75.7
75.9
125.8
90.3
103.6
75.9
99
133
11
64
31
152
692
212
142
153
1,912
281
643
6,871
166
146
110
1,151
136
311
4,882
! ??
7
808
30
112
1,133
33
3
6
440
9
36
.770
6
Kfiw Hj^mp<:hirp
3
11
Vermont
1
47
Rhode Island
21
3
27
73
336
Mmni.F. An.AVTir
New York.
9, 113, 614
2,537,167
7,665,111
18,250,621
31,280
6,042
15,058
41,246
343.2
238.1
196.4
226.0
8,530
1,640
4,499
13, 191
93.6
64.6
58.7
72.3
81
49
562
1,066
3,882
842
2,147
6,609
2,743
602
1,537
4,123
892
64
177
1,541
14
7
6
55
635
50
85
1,173
243
New Jersey
313
Ohio ..
4,767,121
2,700,876
5,638,591
2,810,173
2,333.860
11,637,921
10,594
4,527
12,839
6,699
6,587
22,683
222.2
167.6
227.7
238.4
282.2
194.9
3,336
1,270
4,053
1,974
2.558
7,459
70.0
47.0
71.9
70.2 1
109.6 !
64.1
257
366
350
74
19
466
1,855
576
1,947
1,108
1,123
3,470
1,147
435
1,.352
699
490
2,160
70
517
114
138
702
1,275
7
15
475
40
53
590
873
48
Indiana
42
Illinois
34
7
7
66
40
Wi'W\nnsiTi
105
West Nobth Cexteal
336
MinnflsnTJ^
2,075,708
2,224,771
3.293,335
.577.056
583,888
1,192,214
1,690.949
12,194,ii95
4,744
5,377
6,16.^
628
864
1,990
2. 912
19,952
228.5
241.7
187.3
108.8
148.0
166.9
172.2
163.6
1,425
1,511
2,779
224
204
411
905
6,725
68.7
67.9
84.4
3^.8
34.9
34.5
53.5
55.1
5
206
197
1
8
22
27
281
722
806
1.217
60
77
147
441
3,226
385
496
685
53
81
174
286
2,327
177
84
942
12
1
1
58
266
1
11
51
166
28
661
10
10
45
Missouri
230
North Dakota
2
South Dakota
1
i
2
23
TCan'^aq
8
143
48
RonrH .\Ti.AWTir
100
Delaware
202,322
1,295. .346
33i;069
2,061,612
1,221,119
2,206,287
1,515,400
2,609,121
752,619
8,409,901
441
3,220
2,890
3,635
1,722
2,522
1,541
3,132
849
9,759
218.0
248.6
872.9
176.3
141.0
114.3
101.7
120.0
112.8
116.0
127
1,273
597
1,234
495
916
646
1,112
325
3,685
62.8
93.3
180.4
59.9
40.5
41.5
42.6
42.6
43.2
43.8
1
48
63
637
300
538
272
463
336
506
111
2,050
48
321
279
421
174
214
297
455
118
1,233
Maryland
127
29
2
7
83
1
16
1
69
14
4
54
9
2
1
75
59
District of Columbia
16
Virginia, .
31
18
150
6
24
3
276
West Virjrinia
5
1
North Carolina
s
1
Georgia... .
2
14
Florida
1
East South Centeal
12
30
27
Kentuckv . .
2,289,905
2,184,789
2,13.8,093
1,797,114
8,784,534
3,538
2,204
2,039
1,978
8,413
154.5
100.9
95.4
110.1
95.8
1,227
932
831
695
2,968
53.6
42.7
38.9
38.7
33.8
24
186
30
36
186
667
570
437
376
1,524
424
245
327
237
826
50
18
5
7
27
3
18
8
.\labama . .
1
140
1
West Sooth Central
6
78
56
.\rkansas
1,574,449
1,6.56,388
1,657,155
3,896,542
2,633,517
1,092
2,158
1,110
4,053
3,574
69.4
130.3
67.0
104.0
135.7
255
491
743
1,479
1,623
16.2
29.6
44.8
38.0
21.6
110
96
216
459
753
666
118
186
155
367
372
1
71
5
63
275
1
1
1
3
Louisiana
45
1
32
197
23
Oklahoma
1
75
30
3
Texas
28
MOUNTAIX
71
Montana
376.053
325,594
145,965
790,024
327,301
204,354
373,351
81.875
4,192,304
697
388
162
1,199
219
337
342
230
10,204
185.3
119.2
111.0
150.1
66.9
164.9
91.6
280.9
243.4
278
203
42
722
84
135
103
56
3,463
73.9
62.3
28.8
90.4
25.7
66.1
27.6
68.4
82.6
120
94
18
272
28
46
S4
34
1,545
72
33
11
115
39
44
37
21
981
Idaho
46
46
Wyoming
Colorado
18
228;
7
151
70
New Mexico
7
5
• i i
1
Utah
1
Pacific
31
97
561
12
29
Washington i
1,141,990
672,765
2,377,549
1,987
1,565
6,652
174.0
232.6
279.8
884
590
1,989
77.4
87.7
83.7
1
470
303
772
220
153
608
1
46
50
' ..1
1
44 '
12
2
California
30
12
26
COMPARISON, BY STATES.
17
MAPS SHOWING RATIO OF INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, PER 100,000 POPULATION,
AND RATIO OF INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 PER 100,000 POPULATION.
The following maps are based upon the ratios given In Table 3. In Map 1 the states are graded with reference to the ratio of insane enumerated In hospitals on
January 1 lyio, per 100,000 populatioa; and in Map 2, with reference to the ratio of insane admitted in the year I'JIO. Tiie numbers in the legend in the lower left-
hand conier of each map are the numbers per 100,000 population. Thus in the first map the states left unshaded are those in which there were less than 100 insane in
hospitals to 100,000 population, and at the other extreme are the states in which the ratio was over 300 per 100,000 population. In the second map the unshaded states
are those in which the number of insane admitted to hospitals in the year 1910 was less than 40 to 100,000 population, while the states in black represent those in which
the ratio of admissions per 100,000 population was over 100.
M.\p 1. — R.iTio OF Insane Enumerated in Hospitals on January 1, 1910, Per 100,000 Population.
Map 2. — Ratio of Insane Admitted to Hospitals in 1910 Per 100,000 Population.
I I les3 than 40'-
I! I I | 40 TO 50
50 TO 60
60 TO 70
ES'^O to 80
tZZeO TO 90
1111 90 TO 100
IMBil I 00 AND OVER
27622°— 14-
18
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
The number of insane cared for in almshouses not
having separate departments for this class would ap-
pear to be comparatively small, the total number of
paupers returned as insane in the 1910 census of alms-
house population being only 3,518. In 1904 the num-
ber was 8,432. This would indicate that the practice
of placing the indigent insane in ordinary almshouses
is becoming less general. It is probable, however, that
the number of cases of insanity reported in the special
census of almshouse population is deficient. The in-
mates received in almshouses are not in general sub-
jected to any examination or diagnosis at all adequate
to determiny the question of their sanity, and many
probably are insane who are not so reported.
After due allowance has been made, however, for
those factors which affect the ratio of institutional
insane to total population and yet have nothing to do
with the relative number of cases of insanity in the
commimity, it is nevertheless reasonably certain that
the rates given in Table 3 are also affected by actual
differences in the prevalence of insanity in the differ-
ent sections of the United States. Such differences
naturally result from variations in the composition
of the population as regards sex, color, race, nativity,
and age, and to an even greater extent probably from
variations in the proportion of the population living
in cities or engaged in industrial or commercial as
distinguished from agricultural pursuits. The migra-
tion of the native population within the United States
doubtless has some effect upon the prevalence of in-
sanity in the different sections. The defectives and
subnormals do not usually emigrate. They are left
behind in the older sections of the country while the
newer sections are being settled by more vigorous and
energetic representatives of the native stock.
The following table indicates the variations in the
relative importance of some of these factors in different
sections of the United States. It shows, for instance,
that in New England 83.3 per cent of the total popu-
lation in 1910 was urban, 27.9 per cent foreign born,
5.5 per cent born in other parts of the United States,
27. 2 per cent imder 15 years of age, and 5.9 per cent
65 years of age and over, and that the number of
males to 100 females in the total population was
99. 3. Without attempting at this point to trace out
or establish any causal relationship between the ratios
and percentages presented in tliis table, attention may
be called to the fact that a high ratio of insane in in-
stitutions appears to be associated with a relatively
high percentage of urban population and of foreign
bom, and with a relativelv small percentage of children
and a relatively high percentage of old people. It may
be further noted that the sex ratios, given in the last
column of the table, appear to be independent of the
variation in the ratios of insane. The possible effect
which some of these factors may have upon the
insanity rate will be considered in the sections which
follow discussing statistics relative to the age, sex,
race, and nativity of the insane in hospitals and also
statistics relative to their place of residence prior
to admission.
Table 4
INSANE IN
HOSPITALH
PER CENT OF TOTAL POPXHATION:
Males
PER 100.000
1910.
to 100
POPULATION.
fe-
males
DIVISION.
in the
Enu-
Ad-
mit-
ted in
1910.
Born
65
total
mer-
Ur-
ban.
For-
in
Under
years
pop-
ated on
eign
other
15
ofage
ula-
Jan. 1,
born.
divi-
vears
and
tion.
1910.
sions.
olage.
over.
United States..
204.2
66.1
46.3
14.7
32.1
4.3
106.0
New England
29S.8
106.
83.3
27.9
5.5
27.2
5.9
99.3
Middle Atlantic
271.2
75.9
71.0
25.1
4 9
29.0
4 4
103.3
East North Central...
226.0
72.3
52.7
16.8
9 3
29.6
6.1
106.0
West North Central..
194.9
64.1
33.3
13.9
20.2
31.9
4.6
109.9
South Atlantic
163.6
55.1
25.4
2.5
4.7
37.5
3.6
101.2
East South Central. . .
116.0
43. S
IS. 7
1.0
7.3
3S. 1
3.5
101.9
West South Central . .
95.8
33.8
22.3
4.0
23.3
38.8
2.8
107.2
Mountain
135.7
61.6
36.0
17.2
40.2
31.1
3.0
127.9
Pacific
243.4
82.6
56.8
22.8
40.3
24.3
4.5
129.5
The rank of the several geographic divisions accord-
ing to the ratio of insane in hospitals to total popula-
tion at each census from 1880 to 1910, inclusive, and
also their rank according to the ratio of total insane
enumerated in 1880 and 1890, are shown in Table 5.
The ratios on which the ranking is based are given
in Table 7.
Table 5
SANK OF GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS ACCORDING TO—
DIVISIOH.
Ratio of insane present in
hospitals to total population.
Ratio of total
insane to total
population.
1910
19W
1890
1880
1890
1880
New F.nplftTiH
1
2
4
5
6
8
9
7
3
3
4
5
6
8
9
7
1
3
2
4
6
5
8
9
7
1
2
3
4
6
5
7
8
9
1
1
3
4
5
6
7
9
8
2
1
Middle \tlantic.
3
4
West North Central . .
7
6
Fast South Central
8
8
Mountain
9
Pacific
2
There is in general a close similarity in the order of
the rank of the geographic divisions at the different
censuses. Comparing one census with another, there
are few instances of a change or difference of more
than one place in the rank of any division, and no
instance of a difference of more than two places. Of
course it was not to be expected that there would be
no changes in the interval between 1880 and 1910;
the rank of the several divisions may have been
affected by changes in the actual prevalence of in-
sanity as well as in the provisions made for the
institutional care of the insane. It is significant,
however, that the ranking according to the ratio of
total insane, shown for the censuses of 1880 and 1890
does not differ much from that according to the insane
in hos])itals shown for each of the four censuses. For
the census of 1880 the rank according to the ratio of
INCREASE, BY STATES.
19
insane in hospitals and that according to total insane
are idezitical in the case of five of the divisions and
differ by only one in the case of the four other divisions.
For 1890 the similarity is not quite as close, but the
enumeration of the insane in the total population at
that census is believed to have been less complete than
it was in 1880. The rank according to the ratio of
insane in hospitals in 1910 and that according to total
insane in 1880 are identical in the case of two divisions,
and differ by only one in the case of four divisions and
by two in the case of the three remaining divisions.
INCREASE, BY STATES.
Table 6 shows for 1910 and 1904 the number of
insane present in hospitals on January 1 and the
number adnaitted during the year, with the ratios
per 100,000 of the general population, and also the
increase from 1904 to 1910. There is included in
this table the estinaated population in 1904 on which
the ratios for that year are based. The enumerated
population in 1910, having been included in a pre-
ceding table, is not repeated here.
Table 6
DIVISION AUD STATE.
United States.
Geographic divisions:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central. .
West North Central.
South Atlantic
East South Central . .
West South Central.
Mountain
Pacific
New England;
Maine
New Hampshire.
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle -Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania..
East North Central:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missotiri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South .\tlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia. ,
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
Teimessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
MotrNTAlx:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico.
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
PAcmc:
Washington.
Oregon
California
insane in hospitals.
Number.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1—
1910
19,580
62,380
41,246
22,683
19,952
9,759
8,413
3,574
10,204
1,258
909
990
11,601
1,243
3,579
31,280
6,042
15,058
10,594
4,527
12, SiO
6,699
6,587
4,744
5,:i77
6,168
628
864
1,990
2,912
441
3,220
2,890
3,635
1,722
2,522
1,541
3,132
849
3,538
2,204
2,039
1,978
1,092
2,15S
1,110
4,053
697
388
162
,199
219
337
342
230
1,987
1.565
6,652
1901
14,855
42,562
33,039
18,595
16,514
7,867
6,010
2,529
8,180
885
496
887
8,679
1,077
2,831
26, 176
4,865
11,521
8,621
4,358
9,607
5,430
5,023
4,070
4,385
5,103
446
595
1,536
2,460
353
2,505
2,453
3,137
1,475
1,883
1,156
2,839
713
3,058
1,713
1,603
1,493
667
1,585
413
3,345
543
255
96
754
113
224
344
200
1,178
1,285
5,717
Admitted during
the year.
1910
6,986
14,669
13, 191
7,459
6,725
3,685
2,968
1,623
3,463
509
326
270
4,236
490
1,155
8,530
1,640
4,499
3,336
1,270
4,053
1,974
2,558
1,425
1,511
2,779
224
204
411
905
127
1,273
597
1,234
495
916
646
1,112
325
1,227
932
831
695
255
491
743
1,479
278
203
42
722
84
135
103
56
88-1
590
1,989
1904
49,622
6,242
11,279
12,551
6, 6:i:i
5, 383
2,722
1,359
1,084
2,369
333
352
268
4,001
424
864
6,630
1,290
3,359
3,386
1,396
4,228
1,447
2,094
1,227
1,563
1,949
175
132
663
924
106
816
702
906
428
609
544
969
303
951
613
681
477
89
273
236
761
165
94
37
503
26
113
115
31
496
377
1,496
Ratio per 100,000 population.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1 —
1910
204.2
298.8
271.2
226.
194.9
163.6
116.0
95. S
135.7
243.4
169.5
211.1
278.1
344.6
229.1
321.1
343. 2
238.1
196.4
222.2
167.6
227.7
238.4
282.2
228.5
241.7
187.3
108. 8
148.0
166.9
172.2
218.0
248.6
872.9
176.3
141.0
114.3
101.7
120.0
112. g
154.5
100.9
95.4
110.1
69.4
130.3
67.0
104.0
185.3
119.2
111.0
1501
66.9
164.9
91.6
280.9
174.0
232.6
279.8
1904
250.1
232.5
196.6
171.9
149.1
100.1
81.8
125.0
267.2
124.3
lis. 5
254.8
288.4
229.2
287.9
329.7
229.4
169.5
196.9
168.7
187.7
211.9
232.0
217.8
196.7
160.8
108.1
127.2
138.1
158.7
184.7
204.2
.823.9
162.6
139.9
93.8
82.3
120.4
116.9
139.1
82.3
82.6
91.0
47.4
107.0
37.4
99.7
186.3
115.3
85.8
119.0
46.5
146.9
no 3
352.8
158.2
253.2
316.0
-Vdmitted during
the year.
1910
66.1
106.6
7.1.9
72.3
64.1
55.1
43.8
33.8
61.6
82.6
68.6
75.7
75.9
125.8
90.3
103.6
93.6
64.6
58.7
70.0
47.0
71.9
70.2
109.6
68.7
67.9
84-4
38.8
34.9
34.5
53.5
62.8
98.3
180.4
59.9
40.5
41.5
42.6
42.6
43.2
53.6
42.7
38.9
38.7
16.2
29.6
44.8
3.S,0
73.9
62.3
28.8
90.4
25.7
66.1
27.6
68.4
77.
.87.
Si. '
1904
105.1
66.9
74.7
61.3
48.6
34.6
18.5
53.6
77.4
46.8
84.1
77.0
133.0
90.2
87.9
83.5
60.8
49.4
77.3
54.0
82.6
56.5
96.7
65.6
701
61.4
42.4
28.2
59.6
59.6
65.5
66.5
235.8
47.0
40.6
30.3
38.8
41.1
49.7
43.2
29.5
35.1
29.1
6.3
18.4
21.4
22.7
56.6
42.5
33.1
79.4
10 7
74.1
36.9
54.7
66.6
74.3
82.7
increase ' OF insane in hospitals.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Increase:
1904-
1910
37,640
4,725
9,818
8,207
4,088
3,438
1,892
2,403
1,045
2,024
373
413
103
2,922
166
748
5,104
1,177
3,537
1,973
169
3,232
1,269
1,564
674
992
,066
182
269
454
452
88
715
437
498
247
639
385
293
136
480
491
436
485
425
673
697
70S
154
133
66
446
106
113
-2
30
809
280
935
Per
cent of
increase.
31.8
23.1
24.8
22.0
20.8
24.1
40
41.3
24.7
42.1
83.3
11.6
33.7
15.4
26.4
19.5
24.2
.30 7
22.9
3.9
33.6
23.4
31.1
16.6
22.6
20.9
40 8
4.5.2
29.6
18.4
24.9
28.5
17.8
15.9
16.7
33.9
33.3
10.3
19.1
15.7
28.7
27.2
32.5
63.7
36.2
168. 8
21.2
28.4
52.2
68.8
59.0
93.8
50.4
-0.6
15.0
68.7
21.8
16.4
Admitted during
the year.
Increase:
1904-
1910
11,147
744
3,390
640
826
1,342
963
1,609
539
1,094
2
235
66
291
1,900
:i50
1,140
-50
-126
-175
527
464
198
-62
.830
49
72
-252
-19
21
457
-105
328
67
307
102
143
22
276
319
150
218
166
218
507
718
113
109
5
219
58
22
-12
25
388
213
493
Per
cent of
increase.
22.5
11.9
30.1
5.1
12.5
24.9
35.4
118,4
49.7
46.2
52.9
-7.4
7
5.9
15.6
33.7
28.7
27.1
33.9
-1.5
-9.0
-4.1
."6.4
22.2
16.1
-3.3
42.6
28.
54. 5
-38.0
-2.1
19.8
66.0
-15.0
36,2
15.7
50 4
18.8
14.8
7.3
29.0
52.0
22.0
45.7
186.5
79.9
214.8
94.3
68.6
116.0
13.5
43.5
223.1
19.6
-10.4
80.6
78.2
66.5
33.0
Per cent
of in-
crease t
in total
popula-
tion,
1904-
1910
12.4
10.3
14.6
8.6
7.6
lai
7.0
19.5
30 2
37.0
4.3
2.9
2.3
11.9
16.5
13.4
14.8
19.6
12.8
8.9
4.5
10.2
11.1
-0 2
3.7
39.8
24. S
7.2
9.1
5.9
5.6
11.2
6.8
15.9
9.9
7.9
10.6
23.4
4.1
5.0
10 2
9.5
11.9
11.8
50.0
16.1
29.0
47.2
.30.4
26.1
.34.6
34.0
19.7
44.4
53.4
32.5
31.4
Estimated
population
Jan.l,
1904.3
81,792,387
5,940,611
16, ,856, 794
16,807,496
10,816,704
11,079,020
7,860,600
7,349,559
2,022,596
3,061,007
711,849
418,476
348, 110
3,008,941
469, 942
983,293
7,9.38,286
2,120,804
6,796,70*
4,378,741
2,5,83,381
5,118,030
2,662,207
2, 165, 137
1,869,078
2,229,286
3,174,401
412,732
467,827
1,111,989
1,650,491
191,118
1,226,9.S2
2,17,715
1,929,462
1,053,9,88
2,007,198
1,403,860
2,358,864
609,853
2, 198, f 66
2,080,189
1,940,967
1,640,478
1,406,956
1,481,330
1,104,911
3, 356, .362
291,490
221,217
111,921
633,800
243.206
152,476
311, .802
56, 684
744,492
507,603
1,808,912
' ,\ minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease.
2 For population enumerated in 1910, see Table 3. p. 16.
20
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
The number of insane in hospitals increased between
1904 'and 1910 in every geogi"aphic division and, with
one exception (Utah), in every state. The increase as
measured on a percentage basis was exceptionally high
in the Mountain division (41. .3 percent) and in the West
South Central (40 per cent). These divisions represent
to a large extent territory which has been settled only a
comparatively short time and in which there has been
a rapid growth of population. A large increase of popu-
lation naturally involves a corresponding increase in
the number of insane. It is not improbable, moreover,
that in recently developed sections of country there
may be considerable improvement and extension of
the facdities for caring for the insane in institutions.
In the Pacific division, however, which had by far the
most rapid growth in population of any section of the
United States, the percentage of increase in the num-
ber of insane in hospitals (24.7) was not above the aver-
age for the country as a whole; and it is somewhat sur-
prising to find that the geographic division which, as
regards the percentage of increase in the insane in
hospitals, ranks tliird, or next to the West South Cen-
tral division, is New England, representing one of the
oldest and most densely populated sections of the
United States. Here there was an increase of 31.8 per
cent in the number of insane in hospitals, although
the increase in the total population was only 10.3 per
cent. In the other divisions the percentages of increase
in the number of insane in hospitals were fairly uni-
form, ranging from 20.8 in the South Atlantic division
to 24.8 in the East North Central.
Among the several states, as would probably be
anticipated, the range of variation in the percentage
of increase in the number of irmiates of hospitals for
the insane is greater than it is among the several
geographic divisions. In Utah there was, in fact, a
slight decrease, and in Indiana there was an increase
of only 3.9 per cent, but in no other state was the in-
crease less than 10 per cent. At the other extreme is
Oklahoma, with an mcrease of 168.8 per cent, followed
by New Mexico (93.8 per cent increase) and New
Hampshire (83.3 per cent). There are six other states
(Arkansas, Idaho, Wyoming, Colorado, Arizona, and
Washington) in which the increase was over 50 per
cent.
The mcrease in the number of admissions to hospi-
tals for the insane in the year 1910, as compared with
the year 1904, exhibits a still wider range ot variation
and shows no very close correspondence to the in-
crease in the number of inmates present on a given day.
New England, which, as already noted, ranks third
among the geographic divisions as regards the percent-
age of increase in the number of umaates present, ranks
next to the last as regards the percentage of increase in
the number of admissions. The latter percentage was
highest (118.4) in the West South Central division; the
Mountain division ranks next, although with a much
lower percentage (49.7) ; and the Pacific division tliird,
with 46.2 per cent.
The increase in the number of admissions reached
223.1 per cent in New Mexico and 214.8 per cent in
Oklahoma; there were two other states — Arkansas
and Idaho — in which the percentage exceeded 100, and
eleven states in which it was between 50 and 100.
There were, on the other hand, nine states in which the
number of admissions was smaller in 1910 than it was
in 1904, one of these being New Hampshire, the state
which, as regards the percentage of increase in the
number of inmates present, ranked third. In Nebraska
there wa:s the exceptionally large decrease of 38 per
cent in the number of admissions.
Reference has been made to the relation between
the increase in the general population and that in the
number of insane. In the country as a whole and in
most of the states and geogi-aphic divisions the per-
centage of increase for the insane in hospitals exceeded
that in the total population, which, of course, involves
an increase in the ratio of insane to total population.
Table 6 gives the ratios for 1910 and 1904. The
Pacific division is the only one in which the ratio
of insane present in hospitals to total population was
lower in 1910 than 1904.
Comparing the ratios for the several states it will
be found that there are four states — Utah, Nevada,
Oregon, and California — in which there was an appre-
ciable decHne in the ratio. The decline which occurred
in five other states — Rhode Island, Indiana, Georgia,
Florida, and Montana — was so shght that the ratios
may be regarded as practically unchanged. AU the
other states show an increase in the ratio, and most of
them a very decided increase.
In the ratio of admissions instances of a decrease
are more numerous. These instances occur in the
ratios for one geographic division, the East North
Central, and in those for fifteen states. The decreases
are not localized in any one section, three of the states
being in New England, three in the East North Central
division, four in the West North Central, two in the
South Atlantic, and three in the Mountain division.
Table 7 gives the number of insane enumerated in
hospitals at each census from 1880 to 1910, inclusive,
with the ratios per 100,000 of the general population.
With few exceptions the ratios show an increase from
census to census in every state and geographic division.
The table gives also the total number of insane enu-
merated in 1880 and in 1890 whether -within hospitals
or outside, and the ratio of this total to total population.
The fact that the ratio was lower in 1890 than in 1880
for the country as a whole, for most of the states,
and for all but one of the geographic divisions is to be
regarded as indicative of the incompleteness, already
noted, of the later census as compared with the earUer.
INCREASE, BY STATES.
21
Table 7
DIVISION AND STATE.
United States.
Geographic DmsioNs:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central..
West North Central.
South Atlantic
East South Central..
West South Central.
Mountain
Pacific
New Engund:
Maine
New Hampshire..
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Coimecticut
Middle .\tlaniic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania. .
East Noeth Centbal:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central;
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South -\tlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia.
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky ,
Tennessee ,
.\labama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas... ,
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Montana.. . .
Idaho
Wyoming. ..
Colorado
New Me.xico.
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington.
Or^on
California
INSANE enumerated IN HOSPITALS.
Jan. 1, 1910.
Jan. 1, 1904.
Number.
187,791
19,580
52,380
41,246
22,683
19,952
9,759
8,413
3,574
10,204
1,258
909
990
11,601
1,243
3,579
31,280
6,042
15,058
10,594
4,527
12,839
6,699
6,587
4,744
5,377
6,168
628
864
1,990
2,912
441
3,220
2,S90
3,635
1,722
2,522
1,541
3,132
849
3,538
2,204
2,039
1,978
1,092
2,158
1,110
4,053
697
388
162
1,199
219
337
342
230
1,987
1,565
6,652
Per !
tion.
204.2
271.2
226.0
194.9
163.6
116.0
95.8
135.7
243.4
169.5
211.1
278.1
344.6
229.1
321.1
343.2
238.1
196.4
222.2
167.6
227.7
238.4
282.2
228.5
241.7
187.3
10S.8
14S.0
166.9
172.2
218.0
248.6
872.9
176.3
141.0
114.3
101.7
120.0
112.8
154.5
100.9
95.4
110.1
69.4
130.3
67.0
104.0
185.3
119.2
111.0
150.1
66.9
164.9
91.6
280.9
174.0
232.6
279.8
150, 151
14,855
42,562
33.039
18,395
16,514
7,867
6,010
2,529
8,180
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
183.6
250.1
252.5
196.6
171.9
149.1
100.1
81.8
125.0
287.2
496
887
8,679
1,077
2,831
26,176
4,865
11,521
8,621
4,3.W
9,607
5,430
5,023
4,070
4,385
5,iro
446
595
1,536
2,460
353
2,505
2,453
3,137
1,475
1,883
1,156
2,839
713
3,058
1,713
1,603
1,493
667
1,585
413
3,345
543
235
96
754
113
224
344
200
1,178
1,285
5,717
124.3
118.5
2.T4.8
2SS.4
229.2
287.9
329.7
229.4
169.5
196.9
168.7
187.7
211.9
232.0
217.8
1%.7
160.8
108.1
127.2
138.1
158.7
184.7
204.2
823.9
162.6
139.9
93.8
82.3
120.4
116.9
139.1
82.3
82.6
91.0
47.4
107.0
37.4
99.7
186.3
115.3
85. S
119.0
46.5
146.9
110.3
332.8
158.2
2,53.2
316.0
June 1, 1890.
Ntiinber.
74,028
7,693
21,435
15, 674
8,641
9,007
4,493
2,043
838
4,184
612
342
481
4,054
660
1,544
13,434
1,744
6,257
4,960
1,798
4.767
2,771
1,378
1.839
2,030
2.417
200
232
642
1,261
142
1,416
1,496
1,764
860
972
664
1.491
202
1,991
806
1.014
682
390
608
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
118.2
163.7
168.8
116.3
97.2
101.7
69.9
45.0
74.2
223.6
June 1, 1880.
' Per
tion.
40,942
5,294
12,710
8,966
3,493
4,660
2,549
800
107
2,363
1,045
172
63
23
239
65
124
172
341
.554
3,289
92.6
90.8
144.7
181.1
191.0
206.9
224.0
120.7
119.0
133.1
82.0
124.6
132.3
81.7
142.8
106.2
90.2
109.5
70.6
BO. 6
88.4
84.3
135.8
649.3
106.5
112.7
60.1
57.7
81.1
51.6
107.1
45.6
67.0
52.9
34.6
54.4
403
288
454
3,085
392
672
8,079
1,632
2,999
3,499
920
2,195
1,122
1,230
913
l.:!50
175
319
81.6
132.0
121.1
80.0
56.7
61.3
45.6
24.0
16.4
212.0
912
860
,098
394
269
425
626
76
1,404
385
373
387
490
350
130.1
74.7
37.9
38.0
109.0
59.6
375.9
97.6
176.6
272.2
29
91
262
2,010
62.1
83.0
136.6
173.0
141.8
107.9
1.5S.9
144.3
70.0
109.4
46.5
71.3
68.5
93.5
90.7
.36.2
62.3
38.7
32.0
97.5
484. 2
72.6
63.7
19.2
42.7
40.6
28.2
85.2
25.0
29.5
34.2
47.9
22.0'
17.5
20.1
121.1
149.9
232.5
TOTAL INSANE.
June 1, 1890.
June 1, 1880.
Number.
106,485
12,037
29,491
24,770
12,077
11,710
7,147
3,377
1,120
4,756
1,299
961
823
6,103
795
2,056
17,846
3,163
8,482
7,600
3,291
6,641
3,725
3,513
2,205
3,197
3,418
221
310
932
1,794
197
1,646
1,578
2,407
1,079
1,725
912
1,815
351
2,729
1,845
1,469
1,104
790
910
7
1,670
192
83
40
328
66
64
166
183
380
640
3,736
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
236.1
232.2
183.9
135.8
132.2
111.2
74.3
96.9
254.2
Number.
91,959
11,147
24,764
21,290
8,521
11,476
7,856
3,355
534
3,018
196.5
255.2
247.6
272.6
230.1
275.5
297.3
218.9
161.3
207.0
150.1
173.6
177.9
208.3
169.4
167.2
127.6
121.0
94.3
88.0
12,3.7
116.9
157.9
684.9
145. 4
141.5
106.6
79.2
98.8
89.7
146.8 ,
104.4 I
97.1 !
85.6 i
70.0
81.4
11.3
74.7
145.3
98.4
65.9
79.1
43.0
107.3
79.8
399.9
10S.8
204.0
309.2
1,542
1,036
1,015
5,127
684
1,723
14,055
2,403
8,304
7,286
3,548
5,134
2,796
2.526
1.145
2. .344
3.310
72
450
l.MO
198
1.857
938
2.411
982
2,028
1,112
1,697
253
2,784
2,404
1,521
1,147
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
151 I
31 :
133
378 I
2,503 1
183.3
277.9
235.9
190.0
138.4
151.1
140.7
100.6
81.8
270.6
237.6
304.3
305.5
287.5
247.3
276.7
276.5
212.6
193.9
227.8
179.3
166.8
170.8
192.0
146.6
156.5
152.6
53.3
99.5
100.4
135.1
198.6
528.1
159.4
1.58.8
144.9
111.7
110.0
93.9
168.9
155.9
120.5
101.4
789
98.3
1,002
106.6
1,564
98.3
.19
150.7
16
49.1
4
19.2
99
50.9
153
128.0
21
51.9
104.9
49.8
179.7
216.3
289.5
Table2 of the general tables (p. 122) gives theuumber
of state, comity, and jirivate hospitals in each state, the
aggregate number of inmates present in each class of
institutions on January 1, 1910, and the aggregate num-
ber admitted during the year, ^\'ith the average num-
ber present and admitted per institution.
The great majority of the insane in hospitals are
found in state institutions. The 159,096 inmates of
state institutions on January 1, 1910, represented S4.7
per cent of the total number in all classes of institu-
tions, while only 21,146, or 11.3 per cent of the total,
were in the county or city institutions, and only 7,549,
or 4 per cent, in private hospitals. The average
number of inmates per institution is 1,113 in the case
of state institutions, 201 for city or county institu-
tions, and 64 for private hospitals. Of the 60,769
patients admitted during the year, 45,873, or 75.5 per
cent, were received in state institutions, 7,579, or 12.5
per cent, in city or county institutions, and 7,317, or
12 per cent, in private hospitals.
22
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
AGE.
At the date of tlie census. — The age distribution of
the insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1,
1910, is shown by the following table, which also gives
the age distribution of those admitted to the institu-
tions during the 3'ear.
Table 8
INSANE IN hospitals: 1910.
Per cent
AGE GROUP.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
.Admitted during
the year.
distri-
bution
of the
total
Number.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Number.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
popula-
tion:
1910.
Total .
187,791
60,769
Age reported
184,557
100.0
59,812
100.0
100.0
Under 15 years
341
2,312
0.2
1.3
4.2
7.6
10.3
12.4
12.6
12.4
11.3
8.9
6.9
5.2
3.4
1.9
1.3
327
2,539
5,701
7,027
7,295
7,495
6,409
5,681
4,877
3,368
2,872
2,191
1,776
1,180
1,014
957
0.5
4.2
9.5
11.7
12.2
12.5
10.8
9.5
8.2
5.6
4.8
3.7
3.0
2.0
1.7
32.1
9.9
20 to 24 years . . .
7,801
9.9
14,083
19,091
22,856
23,321
22,874
20,885
16,383
12,729
9,545
6,263
3,596
2,477
3,234
8.9
30 to 34 years
7.6
7.0
40 to 44 years
5.7
4.9
50 to 54 years . -
4.2
3.0
60 to 64 years . . .
2.5
65 to 69 years
1.8
70 to 74 years .
1.2
0.7
80 years and over .
0.5
Age unknown
The inmates of hospitals for the insane include very
few children and a comparatively large number of old
people. Of the insane enumerated in hospitals on
January 1, 1910, only 0.2 per cent were under 15
years of age and 11.9 per cent were 65 years of age
and over, while of the total population of the United
States in 1910, 32.1 per cent were under the age of 15
and only 4.3 per cent had reached the age of 65. For
the general population the median age is approxi-
mately 24 — that is to say, there are approximately as
many people over 24 as there are under 24; for the
insane enumerated it is about 44.
Diagram 2. — Distribution Bt Age Periods of the Insane
Enumerated in Hospitals on January 1, 1910, and the
Insane Admitted During the Year.
THOUSANDS
m
— P
ENUMERATED JAN. I. 1010
ADMITTED DURING <»tO
Tlie age distribution of the insane in hospitals
is indicated graphically by Diagram 2, the bars on
the left indicating the number of insane enumerated
in each age group on January 1, 1910, and the more
darkly shaded bars on the right mdicating the num-
ber admitted ia each age group during the year 1910.
The insane admitted ia any one year are naturally
considerably younger than the insane present on a
given date. Of the insane admitted in 1910, 14.3 per
cent were under 25 years of age, as compared with 5.7
per cent of the insane enumerated on January 1, 1910.
The median age for the former was about 39, while
for the latter it was, as previously noted, about 44.
When first admitted. — Another age classification has
been made on the basis of the age when first admitted
to any hospital for the insane, this information having
been obtained for 54,591 of the 60,769 persons ad-
mitted to insane asylums in 1910, and for 173,880 of
the 187,791 inmates of insane asylums on January 1,
1910. This classification according to age when first
admitted is given in Table 9.
Table 9
AGE WHEN FIRST ADMITTED TO ANY
HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.
INSANE IN hospitals: 1910.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Number.
Total.
187, 791
Age reported 173, 1
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over.
Age unknown
1,079
8,102
21,432
27, 195
26,655
24,225
18, 764
14,784
11,167
6,922
5,239
3,587
2,376
1,435
918
13,911
Per cent
distri-
bution.
100.0
0.6
4.7
12.3
15.6
15.3
13.9
10.8
8.5
6.4
4.0
3.0
2.1
1.4
0.8
0.5
Admitted during
the year.
Number.
54, 691
430
2,982
6,080
7,024
6,856
6,719
5,643
4,856
3,970
2,661
2,274
1,725
1,495
1,003
873
6,178
Per cent
distri-
bution.
100.0
0.8
5.5
11.1
12.9
12.6
12.3
10.3
8.9
7.3
4.9
4.2
3.2
2.7
1.8
1.6
As will be seen on comparing this table with Table
8 above, in the case of the insane admitted in 1910
the per cent distribution according to age when first
admitted differs but little from that according to age
in 1910. This similarity was to be expected, because
for about two-thirds of the total number the admission
in 1910 was the first admission, and for a large pro-
portion of the others it is probable that the prior
admission did not greatly antedate the year 1910.
As regards the insane enumerated as present in hos-
pitals on January 1 , however, the distribution accord-
ing to age when first admitted differs considerably
from that according to age at the time of enumera-
tion, and naturally so because many of them had been
in hospitals a considerable length of time (see p. 59).
Therefore when they are classified according to age
when first admitted the proportion in the younger age
groups is much larger than it is when thej^ are classified
accordmg to present age. Thus 62.5 per cent of the
insane present in hospitals on January 1 were under
40 years of age when first admitted, while only 36 per
AGE.
23
cent of them were still under 40 at the time of the
enumeration.
Ratio to total population. — The following table gives
for each age gi'oup the number of insane enumerated
and of insane admitted per 100,000 of the general
population in the same age group.
Table 10
AGE GROUP.
All ages
Under 15 years...
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
SO to 54 years
65 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
SO years and over.
Age unknown
Total
population:
1910.
91,972,266
499, 136
063, 603
056, 984
180,003
972, 185
396,100
261,587
469, 197
900, 791
786,951
267, 150
679,503
113,728
667,302
488,991
169,055
INSANE IN hospitals: 1910.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Number.
187,791
341
2,312
7,801
14,083
19,091
22,S156
23,321
22, 874
20,885
16,383
12,729
9,545
6,263
3,596
2,477
3,234
I'er
100,000
popula-
tion.
204.2
1.2
25.5
S6. 1
172.2
273.8
357.3
443.2
511.8
535.4
587.8
561.5
568.3
502. 3
539.9
506.6
Admitted during
the year.
Number.
60,769
327
2,539
5,701
7,027
7,295
7,495
6,469
5,681
4,877
3,368
2,872
2,191
1,776
1,180
1,014
957
Per
100,000
popvila-
tion.
6.1
1.1
28.0
62.9
85.9
104.6
117.2
122.9
127.1
125.0
120.8
126.7
130.5
159.5
176. 8
207.4
The classification by five-year ago groups shows that
the number of inmates enumerated in hospitals for
the insane on January 1, 1910, was larger in each
successive older group up to the age of 45. After
that the number falls off slowly at first and then more
rapidly. The ratio of inmates to total population,
however, shows an uninterrupted increase up to the
age of 60, reaching its maximum in the age period
55 to 59, in which period the number of inmates per
100,000 population is 5S7.8. This means that at that
period of life about 1 person in 170 is an inmate of a
hospital for the insane. The ratio declines somewhat
but not very greatly in the older age periods. In the
population 80 years of age and over it is 506.6 to
100,000, or 1 to 197. As each generation grows older
the ranks of the insane which it includes are of course
being continuously recruited by new cases of insanity;
on the other hand, they are being depleted by deaths,
and, so far as concerns the insane in hospitals, by dis-
charges also. The death rate, being much higher for
the insane than for the total population, is a factor
which tends to reduce the ratio of hospital inmates
to total population in the older age periods; but as
indicated by the statistics here presented, its mflu-
ence up to a certain point in the age scale is more
than offset by the increasing ratio of admissions repre-
senting new cases of insanity.
The ratio of admissions to total population is given
by age groups in the last column of Table 10, and
is shown grapliic ally in Diagram 3. The 327 children
under 15 years of age who were admitted to insane
asylums in 1910 represent a ratio of about 1 child to
100,000 in the total population. In the next age
period — extendmg from 15 to 19 years, inclusive- -the
ratio is 28 to 100,000. It advances to 62.9 in the
age period 20 to 24, and to 104.6 in the age period
30 to 34, and continues to increase by smaller gra-
dations until it reaches 127.1 to 100,000 in the age
period 45 to 49. In the next three age periods, cover-
ing the ages from 50 to 64 years, the ratio is some-
what lower. After that it increases rather rapidly,
reaching the maximum in the last period of all (80
years and over) , being in that period 207.4 to 100,000.
As regards the following diagram, a word of explana-
tion or caution may not be amiss. The line represents
the ratios just given. It indicates not the actual num-
ber of insane in each group, but the number m propor-
tion to the total population of the same age. It means
not that there are more insane in old age than in
middle life, but that there are more in p"oportion to
the total number of old persons. The actual number
of admissions in each age group is indicated by
Diagram 2 on page 22.
Diagram 3. — Ratio of Insane Admitted to Hospitals in each
Age Group per 100,000 Population of the same Age: 1910.
UNDCM
lb
TO TO TO TO
Id 24 29 34
TO TO TO TO
39 44 49 64
69
64
69
TO
74
TO *NO
79 OVCB
330
/
/
liBO
/
ISO
/
ido
/
leo
/
140
/
149
/
120
"/^
^^
lI^
"0
^
"^
■sa
//
r
100
lOO
//
60
/
'
so
/
SO
/
eo
/
40
/
40
/
20
/
30
/
/
Comparing the figures by geographic divisions as
presented hi Table 11, it will be noticed that mth
advancmg age the ratio of admissions shows a sub-
stantially similar movement throughout the United
24
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
States — that is to say, the ratio increases ratlier rapidly
in early life, shows little if any increase throughout the
period of middle life, and advances again in old age.
It is noticeable, however, that in the southern divi-
sions the check in the advance of the rate comes at
an earher period than in other parts of the United
States. Thus in the South Atlantic division there is
no considerable increase in the .ratio from the age
of 35 up to that of 60, and in the East and West South
Central divisions there is none from 30 years up to 70.
The southern divisions exhibit one other pecuharity:
The ratio in each of these divisions declines in ex-
treme old age. Such exceptions, however, may not
be of much significance, as the ratios for the oldest
age groups are based on comparatively smaU numbers,
and it is believed that there is a considerable element
of error in age returns, particularly as regards the
colored population in the South.
Table 11
AGE GBOVF.
Total
Under 15 years. ..
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60to64 vears
66 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years' and over
Age unknown
Total
Under 15 years. .
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
26 to 29 .vears
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
60 to 54 years
65 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
United
states.
60.769
327
2,539
6,701
7,027
7,295
7,495
6,469
5,681
4.877
3.368
2.872
2,191
1,776
1.180
1.014
957
New
England.
66.1
1.1
28.0
62.9
85.9
104.6
117.2
122.9
127.1
125.0
120.8
126.7
130.8
159.6
176. 8
207.4
6.986
41
264
620
734
748
868
776
687
579
432
340
273
244
164
146
70
Middle
Atlantic.
14,669
51
659
1,446
1,662
1,721
1.767
1,665
1,460
1.217
863
663
529
449
273
247
East
North
Central.
13,191
35
444
1.0.'3
1,416
1,536
1,6; 3
1,479
1.306
1.119
823
647
530
401
279
224
246
West
North
Central.
South
Atlantic.
6.725
25
242
643
929
918
924
800
690
606
383
383
256
197
158
146
159
83
359
779
799
779
816
618
517
483
327
317
253
224
123
93
East
South
Central.
3.685
28
239
413
470
506
4£0
327
299
277
178
ISO
102
94
54
34
West
South
Central.
2,968
44
174
328
404
418
370
294
245
189
131
118
84
66
40
27
46
Moun-
tain.
NUMBER PER 100,000 POFVTLATION OF SAME AGE.
106.6
2.3
46.2
100.8
126.9
141.9
170.4
177.4
186.4
181.6
182.4
172.4
178.0
221.7
242.1
276.1
76.9
0.9
36.6
74.6
91.2
108.0
119.8
126.8
141.9
142.3
141.3
136.4
146.3
183.0
191.7
242.7
72.3
0.6
25.2
69.5
87.4
109.6
127.8
131.7
134.5
132.0
132.2
130.7
136.1
153.7
171.7
191.4
64.1
0.7
20.4
55.3
91.1
107.2
119.4
122.5
121.1
120.9
106.3
133.5
113.6
132.7
169.9
221.9
56.1
1.8
27.8
65.3
79.9
95.5
108.8
107.3
108.7
105.6
101.6
114.9
131.6
181.9
176.0
171.4
43.8
0.9
26.4
60.7
68.6
91.1
87. S
85.9
89.8
90.1
81.0
82.0
78.9
114.3
112.7
89.7
33.8
1.3
18.4
37.9
54.6
69.3
68.4
73.7
72.6
63.5
61.8
69.5
75.3
82. 7
104.5
93.3
1.623
13
53
130
187
198
206
220
146
139
84
86
56
33
18
27
61.6
1.6
22.6
4S.1
70.0
87.5
103.8
135.6
110.1
126.4
117.7
167.1
158.2
149.6
142.6
320.4
Pacific.
3,463
7
105
289
426
471
442
390
331
268
157
169
108
78
71
70
81
82.e
0.7
29.5
67.7
96.3
120.2
128.9
131.3
132.2
130.4
113.3
145.9
133.0
144.8
215.7
318.5
Admissions as an index of insanity. — Wliile the ratios
of admissions shown in the preceding tables have value
considered as an index of the occurrence of insanity in
the successive age periods, it should be remembered that
they are not, strictly speaking, insanity rates because
they are not based upon the number of persons in the
given age groups who actually became insane in the
year 1910. They do not include those who became
insane in that year without being committed to asy-
lums. Moreover, the persons actually committed had
been insane a certain length of time before commit-
ment and some of them had had previous attacks of
insanity. In the great majority of cases, however,
the commitment takes place within a comparatively
short time after the attack comes on (see p. 60). In
64 per cent of the total number of cases for which
information as to the duration of the attack was
obtained the attack had lasted less than one year.
But on the other hand in 9 per cent of the cases it
has lasted more than five years, and one-fourth of
those admitted had had previous attacks of insanity.
Possibly on account of the lapse of time between the
first appearance of insanity and the date of commit-
ment, the record of admissions to hospitals exagger-
ates somewhat the incidence of insanity in the older
age groups. But as against this tendency there is the
probabiUty, indicated by statistics presented below,
that the insanity wluch develops in old age is less
Ukely to result in commitments than that which
occurs in earher Ufe.
As it is hardly possible by means of a census to
ascertain the actual number of persons who become
insane in any given year, the ratio of admissions
probably furnishes, after all, the best available index
of the incidence of insanity. It is a ratio which is
constantly made use of in tliis report for purposes
IMMIGRANTS.
25
of comparison between different classes of the gen-
eral population. It indicates, at any rate, the ex-
tent to which the several classes compared are con-
tributing to the population of hospitals for the insane ;
and doubtless reflects, although more or less imper-
fectly, variations in the actual prevalence of insanity.
Within the same community any class which has in
proportion to its numbers more cases of insanity than
another class may be presumed to contribute propor-
tionately more inmates to the hospitals. But as be-
tween different sections of the United States, as already
remarked, there is probably a considerable variation
in the extent to which the insane are cared for in insti-
tutions, and, in general, the possibihty of a variation
in tliis respect is a factor which must constantly be
borne in mind.
Proportion of insane in hospitals. — The following
table, based upon the census of 1890, shows for each
age group what percentage of the total number of
insane enumerated at that census were found in hos-
pitals. For reasons already given no similar com-
parison can be made for a later date. The percentage
in hospitals is considerably smaller in old age than it is
in early and middle hfe. Possibly tlus is because the
insanity wliich develops in old age is less likely to be
of a type requiring confinement or restraint, or is less
likely to be curable by treatment, and hence is less
likely to be the cause for admission to a hospital.
Table 12
AGE GROtJP.
Total
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 60 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years "and over
Age unknown...
rasAjjE: 1890.
Number.
106,485
311
1,691
5,131
8,863
12,386
12,857
12,879
12,207
10,719
7,931
6,641
4,708
3,502
2,055
2,005
2,599
Percent
distri-
bution.
100.0
0.3
1.6
4.8
8.3
11.6
12.1
12.1
11.5
10.1
7.4
6.2
4.4
3.3
1.9
1.9
2.4
In hospitals.
Number.
74,028
51
932
3,6S9
6,848
9,750
9,975
9,773
8,949
7,439
5,339
4,081
2,599
1,722
788
563
1,530
Per cent
distri-
bution.
100.0
0.1
1.3
5.0
9.3
13.2
13.5
13.2
12.1
10.0
7.2
5.5
3.5
2.3
1.1
0.8
2.1
Percent
in hospi-
tals.
16.4
55.1
71.9
77.3
7S.7
77.6
75.9
73.3
69.4
67.3
61.5
55.2
49.2
38.3
28.1
58.9
RACE AND NATIVITY.
In the following table the insane in hospitals and
also the total population are distributed by race and
nativity. The table gives also the ratio of the num-
ber of insane to the total population in each race and
nativity class.
Table 13
Total
population:
1910.
IN3.4NE IN HOSPITALS: 1910.
PER CENT DISTRIBUTION.
RACE AND NATrv-ITY.
Enumerated on Jan. 1.
Admitted during the
year.
Total
popula-
tion:
1910.
Insane in hospitals:
1910.
Number.
Per 100,000
population.
Number.
Per 100,000
population.
Enumer-
ated Jan. 1.
Admitted
during the
year.
Total
91,972,266
187,791
204.2
60,769
66.1
100.0
100.0
100.0
White
81,731,957
174,224 ! 213.2
56,182
68.7
88.9
92.8
92.5
Native
68,386,412
13,345,545
115,402
54,096
4,726
12,910
166
491
16S.7
405.3
39,629
15,523
1,030
4,384
51
152
57.9
116.3
74.4
14.5
61.5
28.8
2.5
6.9
0.1
0.3
63.2
25. S
1.7
Negro
9,827,763
265,683
146,863
131.4
62.5
334.3
44.6
19.2
103.5
10.7
0.3
0.2
7.2
0.1
0.3
The 187,791 insane enumerated in hospitals on Jan-
uary 1, 1910, included 115,402 native wliites, .54,096
foreign-born whites, 12,910 negi'oes, 166 Indiaas, and
491 persons of "other colored" races, mostly, if not
entirely Chinese and Japanese. The 60,769 insane
admitted during the year 1910 included 39,629 native
whites, 15,52.3 foreign-born whites, 4,384 negroes, 51
Indians, and 152 "other colored" pei^sons. As indi-
cated by the ratios in the above table showing the
number of insane of each class to 100,000 population
of the same class the foreign-born white in proportion
to their numbej-s contributed more inmates to hospitals
for the insane than any of the other classc^s. The class
ranking next to them is the ' ' other colored, ' ' or Chinese
and Japanese, who are also mostly immigrants. The
class having the smallest ratio is the Indiim. The ratio
for the negro is smaller than that for tht^ total white and
also smaller than that for the native white alone.
The difference here noted between the whites and
the negroes and between the native whites and the
foreign-born whites as regards their representation in
institutions for the insane forms the subject of discus-
sion in the text which immediately follows.
INSANITY .A^MONG IMMIGRANTS.
Of the total number of inmates of insane asylums on
January 1, 1910, 28.8 per cent were whites of foreign,
birth, and of the persons admitted to such institutions
during the year 1910, 25.5 per cent were of this class.
Of the total population of the United States in 1910
the foreign-born whites constituted 14.5 per cent. It
is evident, then, that the foreign born have an unduly
large representation in insane asylums. There were,
in fact, 405.3 foreign-born whites in insane asylums to
each 100,000 in the total population, while for the na-
tive whites the ratio was 168.7 to 100,000; the number
of admissions during the year was 116.3 per 100,000 in
26
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
the case of the foreign-born whites, as compared with
57.9 in the case of the native whites.
Age periods. — These ratios, however, if regarded as
an index of the tendency to insanity among immi-
grants as compared with the native population are
misleading, for the reason that the difference between
the two classes is largely accounted for by the
mere fact that the native population includes large
numbers of children, while the foreign bom com-
prises comparatively few, most immigrants being
past the period of childhood when they arrive in
the United States. Of the native white popula-
tion of the United States 36.5 per cent were under 15
years of age, while of the foreign-born white popula-
tion only 5.7 per cent were below that age. As indi-
cated by the age statistics previously considered, in-
sanity is a defect which, as a rule, makes its appearance
only in adult years. Therefore this difference in age
is bound to have a marked effect upon the relative
number of insane in the two classes, and, other things
being equal, would of itseK make the percentage of
insane much higher for the foreign-bom white popula-
tion than for the native. Table 14 makes a compari-
son by age periods showing what proportion of the
foreign-born white and of the native white in each
age group were admitted to insane asylums in the year
1910.
Table 14
AUages
Under 15 years...
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years....
45 to 49 years....
60 to 54 years....
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown. . .
NATrvE TirmTE: 1910.
Total
number.
68,386,412
957,149
294,630
556,030
594,440
761,561
323,752
476, 797
914,702
630,258
870, 686
441,740
061,557
693,917
412,780
288,400
108,013
.A^dmitted to
hospitals for
the insane.
Num-
ber.
39,629
256
1,871
3,966
4,749
4,841
4,999
4,201
3,656
3,197
2,178
1,728
1,282
1,009
694
570
432
Per
100,000
57.9
1.0
25.6
60.5
84.9
101.7
115.6
120.8
125.4
121.5
116.4
119.9
120.8
145.4
168.1
197.6
roREiGN-BOBN white: 1910.
Total
number.
13,345,545
759,348
673, 761
1,430,381
1,662,696
1,505,715
1,408,093
1,303,475
1,146,360
925,055
693,520
627, 583
488,397
336,967
208,212
149,773
26,211
-Admitted to
hospitals lor
the Insane.
Num-
ber.
15,523
10
320
1,074
1,568
1,777
1,848
1,755
1,605
1,341
982
928
765
610
407
370
163
Per
100,000
116.3
1.3
47.5
75.1
94.3
118.0
131.2
134.6
140.0
145.0
141.6
147.9
156.6
181.0
195.5
264.7
The above table indicates that the high ratio for the
foreign-bom white as compared with the native white
is not entirely due to the difference between the two
classes as regards age, for in each separate age group
the ratio is appreciably higher for the former than for
the latter. The contrast is, however, less striking for
the individual age groups than it is for the total popu-
lation. For all ages combined the ratio for the foreign
bom is twice as large as it is for the native; but there
is no such disproportion between the ratios in any one
of the age groups.
The ratios given in Table 14 are shown graphically in
Diagram 4. (See also Diagram 6, p. 3S.)
Diagram 4. — Ratio of Native Whites and of Foreign-born
Whites Admitted to Hospitals for the Ins.\ne in 1910
PER 100,000 Population of the same Color. N.^tivity, .iNo
Age.
TEARS
15 ^ 25 30 35 40 4S &0 53 60 65 70 75 80
UNDER TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO TO ANO
O 160
240
/
/
/
1
1
leo
1
1
1
1
1
1
IM
/
1
1
1 ^
/'
/
1
1
j-'
BOSS
[■llj>
1
1
t,
°#
u"-''^
.5;^^
■-^
1
'
I3*
/
/
^-'
■-^
"'^
/
/
/
100
/
1 /
/
/,
1
BO
'/
/
60
/
/ /
/ /
/
/
40
/
/
/
/,
20
//
/'
In view of the fact that the insane admitted to hos-
pitals are, with few exceptions, all of adult age, a ratio
based on the number of adults in the total population
is perhaps a fairer basis of comparison than a ratio
based upon the total population. Of course, the effect
of thus changing the base is to increase the ratio, and
if the proportion of children was the same in each class
the ratio would be increased to the same extent. As,
however, there are comparatively few children among
the foreign born, the ratio for that class is increased to
a less degree than the ratio for the native white, and
the former ratio being the higher of the two the differ-
ence between them is reduced. In the case of the ad-
missions the ratio per 100,000 for the foreign-born
white advances from 116.3, as based upon total pop-
ulation, to 123.3, as based upon the total number of
adults, while the ratio per 100,000 for the native white
advances from 57.9 to 91.2.
IMMIGRANTS.
27
Table 15
msANE IN hospitals: 1910.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Admitted during
the year.
EACE AND N.VTrVTTY.
Number
per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Number
per
100,000
adults.'
Number
per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Number
per
100,000
adults.'
Total
204.2
300.6
66.1
97.3
White
213.2
311.0
68. 7 100. 3
Native
168.7
406.3
131.4
159.3
265.7
429.8
209.5
222.7
57.9
116.3
44.6
49.2
91.2
123.3
Negro
71.1
68.8
' Ratio is based upon the number of persons of the same nativity 15 years of
age and over in tue total papulation.
Influence ofihe age factor. — The extent to which the
difference in age accounts for the difference between
the two classes as regards the relative numbers com-
mitted to insane asylums may, however, be more ac-
curately determined by redistributing the foreign bom
by age groups on the basis of the age distribution of
the native white and then applying to each age group
the ratio for the foreign born in that group as based
on the actual returns. For example, the age group 45
to 49 years included 1,146,360 foreign-born whites in
1910, of whom 1,605 were admitted to hospitals for the
insane during the year, making the ratio of admissions
for this age group 140 per 100,000. If, however, the
foreign boni had the same age distribution as the native
the total number in this age group would be approxi-
mately 574,040, and, the ratio of admissions remaining
the same, the numl)er admitted from that age group
would have been 804. This readjustment would re-
duce the figure for the total number of foreign born ad-
mitted to insane asylums to approximately 9,343,
while the actual number of admissions was 15.523;'
that is to say, the number of foreign born admitted
was about 6,000, or 50 per cent, greater than it would
have been if this class of population had the same age
distribution as the native white. The ratio of admis-
sions per 100,000 for the foreign-born white declines
from 116.3 to 70 as the result of this age readjustment.
A comjiarison of this result with the ratio of 57.9 for
the native white gives an indication of the extent to
which the difference between the native white and the
foreign-born white is due to the age difference.
Other points of difference. — While the age difference
probably goes further than any other factor toward
explaining the contrast between the native white and
the foreign-born white in respect to the proportionate
numbers admitted to hospitals for the insane, there arc
of course many other points of difference which affect
the comparison, and for some of which an adjustment
might be made similar to that here made for age.
There is, for instance, the difference in sex distribu-
tion. There are relatively more males in the foreign-
born white population than in the native white, a
ratio of 129.9 males to 100 females for the former as
compared with a ratio of 102.7 to 100 for the latter.
Statistics of the insane by sex are presented in another
[portion of this report. Then again there are differ-
ences in the geographic distribution of the two cltisses
and in their degree of concentration in cities. These
are factors which doubtless have a considerable effect
upon the statistics for the United States as a whole.
On the foUowiug pages statistics are presented by
states and geographic divisions; and in another sec-
tion of this report the distinction is made between
city and country. But of course it is not possible to
carry this statistical analysis to a degree of refinement
which will determine to what extent the difference
between the two classes as regards insanity is due
simply to the fact that the one class is of foreign birth
and origin and the other native. For instance, the
change of environment which the immigrants expe-
rience on coming to the United States must have an
important influence. Without doubt the strain to
which they are subjected in the effort to adjust them-
selves to new physical, economic, and social conditions
in a strange land tends to increase insanity, but the
influence of this factor can not be segi-egated or meas-
ured on the basis of available statistics.
One other circumstance which may have some in-
fluence upon the ratio of admissions to hospitals for
the insane in the case of the foreign born should not
be overlooked and may as well be mentioned in this
connection. Under the present immigration laws the
insane among immigrants are debarred from entering
the United States, oi-, when the insanity develops
within a limited period after entrance, are deported.
' The steps in this process are shown by the following table.
The numbers in column 6, except the total, are obtained by
applying the ratios in column 4 to the numbers in column 3.
The result gives the number of foreign-born whites that would
have been admitted to hospitals for the insane in each age group
if the foreign-born white population had the same age distril)ution
as the native white.
Per
cent
distri-
bution
of na-
tive
while
popu-
lation.
FOEEIGN-BOKN WHITE
POPULATION.
FOREIGN-BORN WHITE
INSANE ADMITTED TO
HOSPITALS.
AGE aROUP.
Actual age
distribu-
tion.
Redistrib-
uted on
basis of
distribu-
tion of
native
white.
Actual
ratio
of ad-
mis-
sions.
Actual
num-
ber.
Hypo-
thet-
ical
num-
ber.
1
2
3
4
5
8
Total
100.0
30.5
10.7
9.6
8.2
7.0
6.3
5.1
4.3
3.8
2.7
2.1
1.5
13,345,545
13,350,000
116.3
15,523
9,343
769,346
673, 761
1,430,381
1,662,696
1,505,715
1,408,093
1.303,475
1,146,360
925,055
693,520
627,583
488,397
336,967
208,212
149,773
26,211
4, 872, 760
1,428,460
1,281,600
1,094,700
934,500
841,060
680,850
574,050
607,300
360,450
280, 350
200,250
133,500
80,100
63,400
26, 700
1.3
47.5
75.1
94.3
118.0
131.2
134.0
140.0
145.0
141.6
147.9
156.6
181.0
195.6
264.7
621.9
10
320
1,074
l,5f8.
1,777
1,848
1,756
1,605
1,341
982
928
765
610
407
370
163
63
15 to 19 vcars .
679
962
25 to 2J years .
1 032
1 103
35 to 39 vears
1 103
916
45 to 49 years
804
736
55 to 59 years
510
415
65 to r,9 years
314
1.0
0.6
0.4
0.2
242
75 to 79 years
157
80 years and over
141
166
28
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Thus it might be said that as regai'ds insanity the
foreign bom remaining in the United States are to a
certain extent a selected class, and that so far as the
influence of this one factor goes, there should be less
insanity among them than among the native popula-
tion. That this factor, however, has had as yet very
little effect in reducing the number of foreign-born in-
sane committed to institutions is indicated by statistics
presented later in this report (see p. 33).
Comparison ivith other classes. — Statistics comparing
the foreign-born white \vith the native white of native
parentage, the native white of foi'eign or mixed parent-
age, and the negroes are presented on pages 36 to 40
of this report.
Geographic divisions. — The following table gives, by
geographic divisions, the number of native and foreign-
bom whites enumerated in hospitals for the insane on
January 1, 1910, and the number admitted to such
hospitals during the year, with the ratios per 100,000
white population of the same nativity, and the number
per 100,000 adults.
Table 16
United States..
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central . .
West North Central.,
South Atlantic
East South Central. .
West South Central. .
Mountain
Pacific
INSAXE IN hospitals: 1910.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Native
white.
Foreign-
born
white.
Admitted during
the year.
Native
while.
P'oreign-
born
white.
TOTAL NITHBER.
115,402
12, 386
30, 190
25,992
14,304
12,804
6,897
6,827
1,905
5,097
54,096
6,639
19, 872
12, 151
7,133
1,475
282
720
1,422
4,402
39,629
15,523
4,369
8,687 !
9,203 !
5,070
4,417
2,637 I
2,321
1,006
1,919
2, 438
5.433
3,365
1,790
352
85
230
515
1,315
XUMBER PER 100,000 WHITE POPULATION
OF THE SAME NATIVITY.
United States
168.7
405.3
57.9
116 3
New England . . .
265.4
214.8
174.9
146.9
164.6
121.7
91.4
91.4
161.2
365.9
411.8
396.2
442.2
507.6
324.7
206.4
325.5
511.0
93.6
61.8
61.9
52.1
56.8
46.5
36.4
48.3
60.7
134 4
Middle Atlantic
11' 6
East North Central
West North Central
111
South Atlantic
West South Central.. . ....
65 9
Pacific
152 6
NUU
BER PER m
),000 ADUL
IS.t
United States
265.7
429.8
91.2
123.3
New England
411.1
340.0
268.1
232.0
263.2
198.0
153.4
144.0
231.0
389.8
441.2
416.1
460.1
542.0
339.4
228.3
344.3
533.9
145.0
97.8
94.9
82,2
90.8
75.7
61.1
76.0
87.0
143 2
Middle Atlantic
120 6
West North Central
115 4
South Atlantic
129. 4
East South Central
West South Central
102,3
72.9
124.7
Pacific
159 5
I Ratio is based upon the number of white persons ofthesamenativity 15 years
ol age and over in the total population.
In every geographic division the ratio of admis-
sions to total population is much higher for the
foreign-born white thaai for the native white. The
contrast is least marked in New England. In that
division the ratios are exceptionally high for both
classes, but the ratio for the foreign-born white is not
so far above the average for the United States as is
the ratio for the native white. In fact, when the
ratios are based upon the adult population the ratio
for the native white in New England is slightly higher
than that for the foreign-born. A comparison of the
ratios for the number of insane enumerated shows a
similar relationship; in every division the ratio is much
higher for the foreign born than the native, but in
New England, again, the difference is not so marked
as elsewhere, and the relative position of the two
classes is reversed when the ratio is based upon the
adult population.
A comparison, by age groups, of the ratios for the
native and foreign-born white in the several geographic
divisions (see Table 17) reveals a further peculiarity of
the conditions in New England. In that division the
ratio of admissions for the native white is higher than
that for the foreign-born white in every age group
below the age of 55, while in each age group above
55 the higher ratio is invariably that for the foreign-
born white. In none of the other divisions is there
any similar contrast between the age groups below
and above 55, nor, in fact, is there any poLat in the
age scale at which the position of the ratios is reversed
as it is m New England. On the contrary, the ratio
outside New England is, with few exceptions, higher
for the foreign born than for the native in every age
group, the exceptions occurring mostly in southern
divisions, where, on account of the very small repre-
sentation of foreign born, the comparison is not of
much significance.
It may be noted, however, that in the Middle
Atlantic division, which resembles New England in
the composition of its population and in industrial
and social conditions, the contrast between the
foreign-born white and the native as regards the ratio
of admissions to hospitals for the insane is less striking
below the age of 55 than it is above that age. It is
possible that the explanation of this fact is to be
found in the difference between the older and the
younger foreign-born population as regards racial
composition. No doubt the newer immigration com-
ing principally from the countries of southern and
eastern Europe is represented more largely in the
immigrant population under 55 years of age than in
that above that age. Statistics showing the contrast
between the different foreign nationalities in this coun-
try as regards their representation in hospitals for the
insane are presented and discussed on pages 31 and 32.
IMMIGRANTS.
29
Table 17
NTMBEE OF INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 PER 100,000 POPULATION OF TUE SAME AGE, RACE,
AND NATIVITY.
AGE GROUP.
Native
white.
Foreign-
born
white.
Native
white.
Foreign-
born
white.
Native
white.
Foreign-
bom
white.
Native
white.
Foreign-
born
white.
Native
white.
Foreign-
born
white.
UNITED
STATES.
NEW ENGLAND.
MIDDLE ATLANTIC.
EAST NORTH
CENTRAL.
WEST NORTH
CENTRAL.
.\11 ages'
57.9
116.3
93.6
134.4
61.8
112.6
61.9
109.7
52.1
111.0
1.0
25.6
60.5
84.9
101.7
115.6
120.8
125.4
121. S
116.4
119.9
120.8
145.4
168.1
197.6
1.3
47.5
75.1
94.3
118.0
131. 2
134.6
140.0
145.0
141.6
147.9
156.6
181.0
195.5
264.7
2.2
44.8
103.4
130.4
147.7
178.8
190.8
191.5
ISl. 5
179.6
154.2
101.8
197. 1
215.
243.9
1.8
43.8
87. 1
105.7
l.iO.3
156.7
166.9
175.2
173.6
184. 2
197.6
199.5
258.8
287.9
356.8
0.8
31.4
6.S.5
89.1
102.7
117.4
128.3
139.5
138.9
128.0
122.8
117.3
149.7
156.5
198.0
2.2
55.2
81.6
91.4
114.4
120.9
121.7
142.1
147.4
167.7
148.4
192.4
233.9
251.0
312.7
0.6
23.3
57.9
87.7
106.4
125.8
126.8
133.4
129.2
131.2
122.2
130.3
151.5
165.2
168.4
0.7
42.2
60.9
75.7
110.8
125.9
136.9
128.2
130.9
123.0
136.6
140.2
139.9
166.7
202.9
0.6
19.4
51.9
83.3
99.8
108.2
111.9
112.9
110.3
94.5
123.9
105.1
132.0
189.9
240.4
19.4
61.2
104.4
114.7
129.3
129.0
119.5
128.5
116.8
60 to 64 vears
131.5
119.2
122.2
126.9
171.1
SOUTH ATLANTIC.
EAST SOUTH
CENTRAL.
1
WEST SOUTH
CENTRAL.
MOUNTAIN.
PAQFIC.
56.8
121.1
46.5
97.9
36.4
65.9
48.3
117.9
60.7
152.6
1.8
25.5
61.9
81.8
90.3
115.6
111.6
112.2
111.8
lOi.
120.1
136.9
159.9
173.4
194.2
1 0.8
22.9
58.6
71.5
96.2
97.5
93.5
98.8
100.8
96.1
93.8
88.5
100.5
126.6
96.6
1.7
20.0
40.8
60.7
77.3
76.4
81.6
84.3
68. 7
72.4
S4.1
82.8
93.1
137.8
114.7
1.4
22.5
43.3
62.4
83.8
87.7
118.7
99.3
108.9
105.8
133. 1
164.9
117.7
153.6
285.0
0.5
25.0
61.5
78.0
101.2
112.9
110.4
112.7
98.
90.5
122.6
102.0
131.0
161.1
332.2
5S.6
60.9
91.5
114.7
108.2
138.7
159.4
177.3
145.4
122.0
162 3
279.1
207.6
208.2
104.1
144.2
178.3
54.9
63.8
79.4
138.4
67.2
31.6
97.0
65.3
217.9
70.2
199.4
20.3
39.0
46.3
66.3
95.5
84.1
88.9
96.3
60.1
71.0
82.2
122.6
68.6
19S.4
17.8
58.9
93.0
99.8
147.9
172.0
127.7
147.4
136.9
200.2
145.5
224.4
149.0
420.4
76.4
87.3
142.5
172 5
170.7
40 to 44 years
160.4
165.5
50 to 54 years .
190.3
143.8
179.1
65 to 69 years . .
168.5
156.9
292.7
312.5
1 Includes age unknown.
30
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
States. — Table 18 gives for the United States, and
by geographic divisions and states, the number of na-
tive, white and foreign-born white enumerated iu hos-
pitals on Januarj^ 1, 1910, and the number of each class
admitted during 1910, with the ratios per 100,000
population and per 100,000 adults, and also the per-
centage of foreign-born white among the insane and
in the general population.
Table 18
DIVISION AND STATE.
United States.
Geographic omsioNs:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central..
West North Central.
South Atlantic
East So ith Central.
West South Central.
Mountain
Pacific
New England:
Maine
Nev/ Hampshire.
Vermont
Massachusetts —
Rhode Island
Connecticut
INSANK IN HOSPITAL.^: 1910.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Native
white.
n5,402
12,386
30, 190
25,992
14,304
12,80
6,897
5,827
1,905
5,097
Middle Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania . .
1,072
642
791
6,831
772
2,278
16,701
3,542
9,947
Foreign
bom
white.
54,096
6,639
19,872
12, 151
7,133
1,475
2S2
720
1,422
4,402
East North Central:
Ohio 8,142
Indiana 3,601
niinois I 6,991
Michigan I 3,862
Wisconsin ! 3,396
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
1,923
3,840
4,550
190
421
1,145
2,235
126
236
176
4,461
431
1,209
13,4S1
2,165
4,228
1,893
567
4,103
2.493
3,095
2,723
1,320
1,060
407
365
732
324
Admitted during
the year.
Native
white.
SocTH Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia.
Virginia
West V irginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico..
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington..
Oregon
Caiilornla
4,369
8,6.87
9,203
5,070
4,417
2,637
2,321
1,006
1,919
I
264
66
2,300
476
1,565
668
2,217
70
1,302
103
1,816
9
885
5
2,122
31
333
47
2,786
151
1,679
48
1,320
46
1,112
37
903
33
1,131
130
832
78
2,961
479
285
361
226
150
86
65
706
3S5
170
33
157
162
183
135
92
111
1,005
914.
871
591
3,221
2,897
418
237
230
2,409
320
4,672
1,026
2,989
2,601
1,077
2,580
1,321
1,624
671
1,203
1,961
89
124
292
730
79
9S1
357
739
Foreign-
born
white.
15,523
2,438
5,433
3,365
1,790
352
85
230
515
1,315
Per 100,000 white population of the
same nativity.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Native
white.
168.7
Foreign-
bom
white.
405.3
265.4
214.8
174.9
146.9
164.6
121.7
91.4
91.4
161.2
82
36
,714
160
371
3,638
529 !
1,266 I
574
116
1,190
591
894
681
271
436
124
72
102
104
365.9
411.8
396.2
442.2
507.6
324.7
206.4
325.5
511.0
Admitted during
the vear.
Native
white.
Foreign-
born
white.
116.3
Per 100,000 adults.'
Enumerated on
.Ian. 1.
Native
white.
Foreign-
bom
white.
429.8
93.6
61.8
61.9
52.1
56.8
46.3
36.4
48.3
60.7
411
27 ■;
670
8 \
315
1
701''
13 ,
144
21 i
1,005
i
45 j
658
14
566
18
408
8
216
6
314
38
612
37
149 '\
1,179
138
124 1
123
74
24
15
484
187
66
13 :<
66
59 :!
73
29 :
32
14
448
395
353
199
1,118
721
170.2
192.6
259.8
300.4
217.8
293.8
267.7
198.1
165.0
200.7
145.2
161.7
176.4
187.8
126.8
iyit.4
156.6
45.9
90.9
114.0
149.1
171.8
240.0
739.0
162.6
118.4
121.5
131.5
149.8
81.3
140.1
99.2
109.1
143.2
81.1
127.2
59.2
99.9
106.0 I
81.1
76.0
107.5
60.3
126.0 ;
60.4
163.5
113.8
157.8
1S4.9
114.4
244.4
353.0
424.4
242.1
367.7
493.9
328.9
293.7
317.0
355.9
341.2
418.6
603.8
501.8
482.7
463.1
260.6
362.7
416.2
387. 6
378.9
456.9
:,743.2
262. 9
180.5
151.5
82.6
205.7
138. 9
377.0
260.0
242.7
394.1
195.2
251.1
194.6
199.6
393.9
371.0
239.7
303.5
X45. 7
346.0
244.3
616.7
378.9
573.8
560.1
66.4
71.1
75.5
10.5.9
90.3
98.0
74.9
57.4
49.6
64.1
43.3
59.7
60.3
44.3
62.1
67.5
21.5
26.8
29.1
51.4
102.4
168.6
55.7
37.4
44.8
46.8
49.5
35.1
134.4
112.6
109.7
111.0
121.1
97.9
65.9
117.9
152.6
68.1
Si. 9
72.2
163.1 i
89.9 I
112.8
133.3
80.4
88.0
96.1
72.8
99.0
99.2
174.4
125.4
99.1
190.5
79.4
71.6
58.0
76.9
132.0
151.7
349.1
60.1
47.3
134.6
16.5
86.3
62.1
.30.6
112.4
38.9
75.8
46.x
95.0
52.5
85.2
19.4
35.5
3.3.3
73.4
43.6
92.3
39.8
62.1
411.1
340.0
268.1
232.0
263.2
198.0
153.4
144.0
231.0
51.3 ;
44.1 1
21.2 I
73.7
23.4
53.0
24.1
56.9
51.6
63.9
64.2 I
135.3
183.0
55.3
147.4
57.4
126.0
45.7
77.8
163.8 !
193.2 I
139.4 '
245.7
282.0
376.1
476.2
351.1
470.3
420.8
318.2
261.9
293.7
211.1
254.8
277.3
314.2
219.3
304.7
235.6
87.7
153.6
183.7
227.4
249.2
359.3
990.4
237.7
193.2
201.4
215.8
246.4
131.7
223.4
159.5
183.4
239.8
136.1
213.2
98.0
168.6
163.1
130.7
113.1
160.9
98.5
201.9
108.4
222.7
172L2
225.9 !
260.4
389.8
441.2
416.1
460.1
542.0
339.4
228.3
344.3
533.9
Admitted during
the year.
Native
white.
91.2
124.5
263.2
383.0
450.0
260.5
390.7
531.1
350.9
313.3
335.1
370.6
359.3
439.9
626.4
518.5
496.5
483.3
282.1
379.1
430.9
405.5
399.0
4S5.9
2,875.6
281. 6
193.8
162.7
86.7
217.3
152.5
385.6
273.9
259.7
426.3
145.0
97.8
94.9
82.2
90.8
75.7
61.1
76.0
87.0
Foreign-
born
white.
143.2
120.6
115.2
115.4
129.4
102.3
72.9
124.7
159.5
205.4
266.7
204.2 I
225.5 !
410. 1
384.3 I
250.6 ;
321.4
161.8
3SS.9
256.1
628.6
397.4
596.3
584.8
95.8
104.1
109.4
167.9
145.5
155.9
117.7
92.2
78.7
93.8
63.1
94.0
94.9
150.2
76.5
95.5
101.6
41.1
45.2
46.9
74.3
74.6
153.3 '
225.9
88. 2
61.0
74.3
76.8
81.4 I
57.0 !
80.6
62.5
78.6
88.0
32.6
59.2 I
72.1
67.1
79.0
71.1
31.6
110.3
38.2
84.9
43.3
77.5
76.7
91.6
90.4
74.1
91.4
78.3
172.9
96.7
119.9
143.3
85.7
93.9
101.6
75.8
104.2
104.3
180.9
129. S
101.9
198.8
85.9
74.8
60.0
SO. 5
139.0
161.3
365.9
64.4
30.8
144.6
17.3
91.1
6S.1
PER CENT 0» FOREIGN-
BORN WHITE —
.\mong
insane
enu-
mer-
ated on
Jan. 1,
1910.
28.8
33.9
37.9
29.5
31.4
7.4
2.9
8.6
39.8
43.1
Among
insane
ad-
mitted
in 1910.
25.5
In the
total
popu-
lation:
1910.
34.9
37.0
25.5
24.0
5.2
2.3
7.7
31.7
38.0
114.9
79.9
101.6
92.2
37.3
78.0
96.9
70.1
140.9
189.6
57.8
156.1
63.7
141.7
47.9
79.3
171.7
200.8
145.6
10.1
26.0
17.8
38.5
3i.7
33.8
43.1
35.8
28.1
17.9
12.5
32.0
37.2
47.0
57. 4
24.5
17.2
64.8
42.2
36.8
18.0
15.0
14.8
23.1
1.9
6.0
0.4
0.3
1.0
5.5
4.3
2.2
2.3
1.9
3.0
6.0
7.0
1L8
SI. 8
38.7
40.1
32.1
15.1
48.1
45.3
48.3
46.0
37.8
43.6
14.7 I
25.2 ,
13.3 I
40.5
32.7
32.1
4Z6
32.3
28.1
17.2
9.1
29.4
29.9
34.9
47.8
17.9
15.7
55.4
35.3
24.8
11.5
18.1 1
12.4
14.2
1.3
5.5
0.9
0.2
1.2
6.5
3.7
LS
2.2
1.2 I
2.4
7.7
5.0
10.1
44.6
36.5
35.7
25.9
15.5
43.7
28.2
25.0
44.7 :
33.7 I
36.2 I
27.7
25.0
16.8
13.9
2.4
1.0
4.0
16.8
20.5
14.8
22.4
14.0
31.2
32.8
29.5
29.9
25.9
18.8
12.5
5.9
21.3
21.2
22.0
26.2
12.3
7.0
27.1
17.2
14.8
8.0
8.6
8.0
7.4
1.3
4.7
0.3
0.4
0.6
4.S
1.7
0.8
0.9
0.5
1.1
3.1
2.4
6.3
24.4
12.4
18.6
15.9
6.9
22.9
17.0
22.0
21.1
15.3
21.8.
' Ratio is based upon the number of white persons of the same nativity 15 years of age and over in the total population.
IMMIGRANTS.
31
Nationalities according to country of birth. — lii Table
19 the foreign-born white insane enumerated in hos-
pitals on January 1, 1910, a.id also those admitted to
such institutions during 1910, are classified according
to country of birth. The table shows the ratio of the
insane born in each country to the total nimiber of
pei-sous in the United States born in the same country.
The ratios are conspicuously high for persons born in
Ireland. Of the natives of that coiuitry 974..3 per
100,000 were enumerated in insane asylums on Janu-
ary 1, 1910 — a proportion of almost 1 per cent. The
natives of that country admitted to insane asylums
during the year 1910 represent a ratio of 209.5 per
100,000. The natives of Switzerland ranked next to
the Irish, having a ratio per 100,000 of 602.4 insane
enmnerated and of 157 insane admitted. At the other
extreme are the natives of Italy, with a ratio of 136.2
per 100,000 for insane enumerated and a ratio of 64.3
per 100,000 for insane admitted. The ratios are rela-
tively low also for the natives of Russia and Austria-
Huiagary and for the Canadian French. For the na-
tives of Gei-many, Norway, Sweden, and France the
ratios do not difi^er widely, ranging somewhat above
the average for all foreign born; for the natives of
England and Wales, Scotland, Denmark, and for the
Canadian English the ratios are considerably lower.
Table 1 9
COUNTRY OF BIBTB.
Total 13.345.545
FOREIGN-BOEN WHITE-
In total
population;
1910.
Austria-nunCTrv i ' 1 , 670. 524
Canada— English , 810.987
Canada— Frendi ' 385.0SI
France | 117.236
Germany' I 2. ,501, 181
Great Britain \ 1,219.968
Englandand Wales I 9.58.934
Scotland '• 261,034
Ireland ! 1,352,155
Italy 1 1,343,070
I' 1,602,752
Scandanavian countrie.s.
Norway
Bweden
Denmark
Switzerland
other countries.
1,250,662
401.858
665. 183
181,621
124,834
967,093
In hospitals for the insane: 1910.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
126.9
133.0
131.5
96.9
157.0
72.7
1 In the census of the insane 1 ,313 persons enumerated in hospitals on Januarv 1 ,
1910, and 429 persons admitted to hospitals in the year 1910 were returned a.s bom
in Poland. As Poland is not a separate country politically, it may he assumed that
this return designated persons of Polish race or extraction bcm in the Polish prov-
inces of Austria, Germany, or Kussia. Accordingly, tbenumber of insane returned
as bom in Poland have for the purposes of the clas'^ifical ion hy country of birlh been
distributed between tliese three countries on the basis of the'distribution, as shown
In the general population census, of the total number of persons born in these coun-
tries who were Poles according to race or mother tongue.
Xo iloubt the differences in these ratios are to some
extent attributable to differences in the age com-
position of the several nationalities. It is not possible,
however, to make allowance for the age tlifferences on
the basis of any available statistics, because the
Bureau of the Census has never tabulated age returns
for the foreign born by country of birth. Un-
doubtedly the Irish as compared with most other for-
eign nationalities include a much larger percentage of
old persons, because they represent an earlier immigra-
tion. The Italians, on the other hand, representing a
very recent immigration, are comparatively young.
But the mere factor of age can hardly be the complete
explanation of the marked contrast between these two
nationalities as regards the proportion of insane pres-
ent or committed to asylums, and in general this factor
probably does not go very far toward explaining the
variations in the ratios for other nationahties.
In Table 20 the number and ratio of admissions of
the insane born in foreign countries are given by geo-
graphic divisions.
The order or rank of the several nationalities as
determined by the ratio of admissions varies consid-
erably in different divisions. In making comparisons,
however, it should be noted that in some divisions a
given nationality may be represented by such small
numbers that the ratio has little significance. Fur-
thermore, it should be noted as regards the classifica-
tion by country of birth that the natives of some
countries are by no means homogeneous in race or
stock. The natives of Russia in the United States,
for instance, when classified by mother tongue are,
according to the population cen.sus of 1910, 52.3 per
cent Jews, 26.1 per cent Poles, 8.6 per cent Lithuanians
or Letts, 7.6 per cent Gennans, and only 2.5 per cent
Russians. The racial composition varies %videly, more-
over, in different sections of the United States. In the
Middle Atlantic di^^sion, for instance, the natives of
Russia are 62.7 per cent Jews and only 1 .6 per cent Ger-
mans; while in the West North Central division they
are only 26 per cent Jews and are 51.8 per cent Ger-
mans. Naturally, these diversities in racial composi-
tion must have considerable effect in producing a varia-
tion in the characteristics of the "Russians" in chffer-
ent geographic divisions. Similarly, the natives of
Austria-Hungary comprise a diversity of races varying
in their relative importance in different sections of the
United States. The natives of Germany include a con-
siderable number of Poles and a smaller number of
Jews; the natives of Switzerland, although mainly
Genuan by race, include considerable French and
Italian elements.
32
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 20
POEEIGN-BOKN WHITE: 1910.
COUNTRY OF BIRTH.
In the
total
popu-
lation.
.\dmitted to
hospitals for
the insane.
In the
total
popu-
lation.
-Admitted to
hospitals for
the insane.
In the
total
mtion.
Admitted to
hospitals for
the insane.
In the
total
popu-
lation.
Admitted to
hospitals for
the insane, j
In the
total
popu-
lation.
.Admitted to
hospitals for
the insane.
Num-
ber.
Per
100,000.
Num-
ber.
Per
100,000.
Num-
ber.
Per
100,000.
Num-
ber.
Per
100,000.
Num-
ber.
Per
100,000.
DNITED STATES.
NEW
ENGLAND.
i
MIDDLE ATLANTIC.
EAST NORTH CENTRAL.
WEST NORTH CENTRAL.
All foreign countries
13,345,545
15,523
116.3
1.814,386
2,438
134.4
4,826,179
5,433
112.6
3,067,220
3,365
109.7
1,613,231
1,790
111.0
AustrJa-Hungarv
1,670, .'24
810,987
385,083
9:8,934
117, 2S6
2,.';01,181
1, .362,155
1,343.070
1.250,662
1,602, 7; 2
261.034
124, .834
967,093
1,5£2
1,0,-iO
266
1,148
146
3,193
2, .833
863
1,587
1,-n
297
196
703
92.9
127.0
69.1
119.7
124.5
127.7
209.5
64.3
126.9
106.6
113. S
157.0
72.7
86,490
245,819
278, 1£6
159,377
10,917
70.261
334,475
179,428
80,906
192,697
48,413
3,715
117,692
100
376
172
232
16
123
778
107
120
238
73
4
99
115.6
152.9
61. S
145.6
146.6
175. 1
232.6
69.6
138.1
123.5
150.8
107.7
84.1
821,495
119.959
27,012
.343,742
39,663
754,939
615,717
783,758
141,022
893,498
88,975
31,344
769
156
20
399
46
1,017
1,229
512
186
806
89
45
93.6
130.0
74.0
116.1
116.0
134.7
199.6
6.5.3
131.9
90.2
100.0
143.6
96.3
479,721
223,672
46,614
188,389
19,004
921,417
179,257
146,824
320,200
274,993
48,712
33,229
185,188
368
236
35
221
31
1,105
330
78
439
309
49
51
113
76.7
105.5
75.1
117.3
163.1
119.9
184.1
.63.1
137.1
112.4
100.6
153.5
61.0
140, .552
84.065
17,920
76,867
9,681
426,531
78,607
38,234
476,223
118,682
21,814
19,171
104,894
120
96
22
85
8
603
181
16
506
140
24
43
46
85.4
114.2
122.8
Enpland and Wales
110.6
82.6
Germany
117.9
230.3
Italy
41.8
Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. .
106.3
118.0
110.0
224.3
Othe'"countries .
166,055 i 159
43.9
SOUTH
ATLANT
rc.
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL.
WEST SOUTH CENTRAL.
MOXraTAIN.
PACIFIC.
All foreign countries -
290,555
352
121.1
86,857
85
97.9
348.759
230
65.9
436,910
515
117.9
861,448
1,315
152.6
Aiisfrio-TTnTirnrv
30.871
7,725
763
24,588
2,747
63,239
27,471
38,277
5,712
49. 141
7,143
2,071
30,807
32
13
2
37
5
98
61
16
11
46
4
1
26
103.7
16S.3
262.1
ISO. 5
182.0
155.0
222.1
41.8
192.0
93.6
56.0
48.3
84.4
4,731
3,096
331
8,505
1,829
28,616
10, 123
8,181
2,653
8,152
2,053
2, 748
5,489
4
1
84.5
32.3
29,274
7,509
l,0l5
15,910
8,242
69,737
11,9.85
31,686
11,219
14,108
4,151
3,767
140, 126
23
5
1
13
8
61
23
11
8
8
4
1
64
78.6
66.6
95.7
81.7
97.1
87.5
191.9
34.7
71.3
66.7
96.4
26.5
45.7
36,621
30,896
5,276
60,506
4,264
42,897
26,872
34,432
67,838
18,592
15,142
6,970
86,604
48
34
7
42
1
66
75
38
72
34
24
9
65
131.1
110.0
132.7
69.4
23.5
163.9
279.1
110.4
106.1
182.9
158.5
129.1
75.1
40,769
88.216
7.966
81,060
20, 889
123,644
67,648
82,260
138, .889
32,889
24,181
21,819
131,238
88
113
7
113
27
193
143
82
242
118
27
39
123
215.9
128.1
87.9
Englapd and Waie*^
6
4
27
13
3
3
10
3
3
S
70.5
218.7
94.7
128.4
36.7
113.1
122.7
119.9
109.2
145.7
139.4
France
129.3
166.1
Ireland
211.4
Italy .
99.7
Norway, Sweden, and Denmark. .
Russia'
174.2
358.8
111.7
Switzerland
178.7
Other countries
93.7
Length of time in the United States. — In Table 21 the
foreign bom admitted to insane asylums in 1910 are
classified according to the number of years they had
been in the United States prior to admission. For
about one-fourth of the total number, however, infor-
mation on this point was lacking. Of those for whom
the length of time in tliis country was reported 348,
or 3 per cent, had been here less than 1 year; 597, or
5 per cent, had been here less than 2 years; and 1,679,
or 14.3 per cent, less than 5 yeai-s. On the other hand,
rather more than one-haK of those reported (51.5 per
cent) had been in the United States 20 years or more.
Table 3 1 foeeign-born white in the total population: 1910 (apr. 15).
foreign-born white admitted to hospitals for
the insane: 1910.
Year of immigration.
Lengrt^li of time in the United
States in years (y.) and
months (m.)-
Number.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Number of years in the United States.
Number.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Total
13,345,545
Total
15,523
1,318,959
12,026,586
231,696
573,585
405,631
694,362
623,647
520, 161
1,479,844
Number of years not reported
3,743
11,780
348
249
271
383
428
100.0
1.9
4.8
3.4
5.8
5.2
4.3
12.3
8.7
9.6
44.1
Number of years reported
100.0
1910, to AprillS
Less than 1 y
1909
SJ m to 1 y at m
3.0
1 y. to 2 y
2.1
1907
2y 3i m to3y 3t m
2 y. to 3 y
2.3
3v. to4y
3.3
1905
4y. toSy
3.6
5 y . to 10 y
1,642
1,066
1,322
6,071
13.9
1806 to 1900
9 y 31 m tol4y 3V m
1 . 046. 500
10 y. to 15 y
9.0
isqi to 1SQ5
14 V 3t m to 19 V 3V m < l! 148! 645
15y.to20y
11.2
5,302,515
20 y. and over
51.5
In this connection the question naturally arises as
to how tliis distribution of the foreign-born white
admitted to insane asylums compared with the corre-
sponding distribution of the foreign-born white in the
total population, and in particular whether the pro-
portion who have been in this country a short time is
relatively larger among the insane than it is in the
total foreign-born population, which, if true, would in-
dicate that the recent immigrants — in proportion to
their numbers — were contributing more inmates to our
insane asylums than the earlier immigrants. The sta-
tistics of the general population census furnish a basis
for this comparison. The comparison can not be made
quite so exact as would be desirable, because the popu-
lation census was taken as of April 15, and the ques-
tion asked on the schedule was not for the number of
years in the United States but the calendar year in
which the person enumerated immigrated. It is there-
fore impossible to use an even number of years of
residence as the dividing line and thus make the
IMMIGRANTS.
33
classiflcatioii correspond exactly to that used for the
insane. This difference does not, however, materially
affect the value of the comparison, which is facilitated
by placing the classification of the total foreign-bom
wliito population according to year of immigration
side by side in Table 21 ^^^th that of the foreign-born
white insane accorchng to number of years in the
United States.
It is evident from this comparison that thei'e is a
smaller proportion of recent arrivals among the immi-
grants committed to insane asylums than there is in
the total immigi-ant population. Of the total for-
eign-born white population in 1910 (exclusive of those
for whom the length of residence in the United States
was not reported) 25.4 per cent had come to the
United States since 1904, and had therefore been here
less than 5 years (or to be exact, less than 5 years, 3J
months), while of the foreign-born white admitted to
insane asylums during 1910, 14..3 per cent had been
here less than 5 years. The fact should not be over-
looked in this connection that the incompleteness of
the returns introduces an element of uncertainty in
this comparison. The percentages in each case are
based on the total number for whom the information
as to length of residence in the United States was
obtained, comprising about 90 per cent of the total
foreign-born white population and about 75 per cent
of the foreign-born whites admitted to asylums. The
omission of 10 per cent in one case and of 25 per cent
in the other would not have any material effect upon
the comparison, however, provided that the distri-
bution by length of time in the United States in case
of the "not reported" class does not radically differ
from the distribution of those for whom length of
residence was reported. In Table 22 the assumption
is made that the distribution was the same, and on
that assumption the foreign-born white for whom the
length of time in the United States was not reported
are apportioned on the basis of the per cent distribu-
tion shown by those for whom reports were obtained.
It is safe to say that this assumption is not so far
WTong as to affect the value of the comparison. At
the same time a readjustment has been made in the
distribution of the foreign-born population by length
of time in the United States, so as to have the classi-
fication agree with that for the insane. This read-
justment, although it involves estimates, is doubtless
sufficiently accurate to serve as a basis on which to
compute the ratios given in the last column of the
table.
For the foreign-born wliites who have been in this
country less than five years the ratio of commitments
to hospitals for the insane was 69.7 per 100,000. For
those who have been here a longer time the ratios, as
indicated by the above table, arc nearly twice as large.
It should be noted in this connection that under the
laws regulating inamigi-ation not only are aliens who
are insane or have been insane within five years or have
27622°— 14 3
had two attacks of insanity debarred from entering the
United States, but those who within three years after
their arrival become a pubhc charge from iasanity, or
other causes existing prior to landing, must be deported.
Under these provisions of the law, in the fiscal year
1910, 169 immigrants were debarred from entering
the United States because of insanity and 677 who
had already entered were deported as insane, of whom
640 had become pubUc charges. This factor, however,
would not go very far toward accounting for the low
ratio of admissions among recent immigrants. If the
169 who were debarred from entering the United
States had entered and then been committed to in-
stitutions for the insane in the year 1910, the ratio
of admissions per 100,000 for the foreign born who
have been in this country less than 5 j^ears would
have been about 75 instead of 69.7 — a not very
material increase. As regards the 677 who were de-
ported it may be assumed that they had practically
all been committed to institutions for the insane prior
to deportation, although they may not all have been
committed in the year 1910. Thus the influence of
deportations would be reflected in some reduction of
the permanent population of the institutions for the
insane rather than in the number of admissions.*
Table 22
LENGTH OF TIME IN THE UNITED STATES.
Total. .
Less than 5 years. .
5 years to 10 years.
10 years and over. .
POEEJGN-BOBN WHITE:' 1910.
Total.
13,345,545
3,175,998
1,598,963
8,570,584
Admitted to hospitals
for the insane.
Number.
15,523
2,214
2,162
11,147
Per
100,000.
116.3
69.7
135.2
130.1
I In this table the number of foreign-bom whites for whom length of time in the
United States was not reported has been apportioned on the basis of the per cent
distribution shown by those for whom reports were obtained.
To some extent a lower ratio for the new arrivals than
for immigrants who have been here longer is a natural
result of the fact that, as indicated by the statistics, the
ratio of commitments to hospitals for the insane in all
classes of the population increases mth advancing age.
It is to be expected, therefore, that the recent immi-
grants, being also the younger immigrants, should have
a lower ratio than their predecessore, who, having been
in this country many years, included a larger propor-
tion of old people. Other influences are doubtless
operative, which may either partiaUy counteract the
effect of the difference in age, or, on the other hand,
may accentuate it. The statistics by countiy of birth,
presented in the preceding section, indicate that some
of the nationalities representing the earlier immigra-
tion have a much liigher insanity ratio than most of
the nationalities belonging to the recent immigration,
' In addition to the insane deported by the National Govern-
ment some states deport large numbers of insane at their own
expense. In the year 1912 the state of New York returned to
other countries 7-52 alien insane inmates of New York institutions.
34
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
the difference being apparently greater than can be
accounted for by the mere difference in age. In other
words, the question is doubtless one of racial charac-
teristics as well as one of age, of legal restrictions, and
of other influences.
INSANITY AMONG NEGROES.
The 187,791 insane in hospitals enumerated on
January 1, 1910, included 12,910 negroes, and the
60,769 insane admitted to hospitals in the year 1910,
included 4,384 negroes. The negi'oes thus constituted
about 6.9 per cent of the insane enumerated on Januaiy
1, and 7.2 per cent of the insane admitted during the
year, while of the total population of the United States
they constituted a little over 10 per cent. Taking the
country as a whole, therefore, the negroes in propor-
tion to their numbers have fewer representatives in
insane asylums than the whites.
For negroes the number of admissions per 100,000
population was 44.6; for the wliites it was 68.7.
Equally marked is the contrast as regards the ratio of
inmates present on January 1 — 131.4 per 100,000 for
negroes as compared with 213.2 per 100,000 for whites.
Table 23 indicates that the difference between the
two races as regards the relative numbers in hospitals
for the insane was on the whole less striking at the
census of 1910 than it was at earlier censuses. For
both races the ratios show a marked increase.
Table 23
INSANE.
WUte.
Negro.
YEAE.
Number.
Per
100,000
white
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per
100,000
negro
popula-
tion.
ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS DURING THE TEAB.
1910
56,182
46,300
68.7 4,384 44.6
64.1 3,217 35.0
1904
PBESENT IN HOSPITALS ON A GIVEN DATE.
1910
1904
1890
1880
174,224
140,312
69, 729
39, 122
213.2
194.3
126.8
90.1
12,910
9,452
4,299
1,720
131.4
102.8
57.5
IN THE TOTAL POPtaATION.
1890
99, 719
S.3.803
181.4
197.7
6,535
5,993
87 5
1880
91.1
Northern negroes compared with Southern negroes. —
As almost 90 per cent of the total negro population
is in the South, the figures for this race naturally
reflect conditions prevailing in that section of the
country, where the ratio of admissions to institutions
for the insane is in general lower both for whites and
for negroes than it is in other parts ot the United
States.
Table 24
INSANE IN hospitals: 1910.
Enumerated on Jan. 1.
Admitted during the year.
DIVISION AND STATE.
White.
Negro.
White.
Negro.
Number.
Per 100,000
white
population.
Number.
Per 100,000
negro
population.
Number.
Per 100,000
white
population.
Number.
Per 100,000
negro
population.
United States
174,224
213.2
12,910
131.4
56,182
68.7
4,3S4
44 6
New England
19,243
50,811
40,247
22,032
14,634
296.9
269.1
224.5
194.1
181.3
314
1.520
970
579
5.308
473.6
363.7
322.4
238.6
129.1
6,862
14,209
12, 867
7,180
4,820
105.9
75.3
71.8
63.3
69.7
102
439
304
260
1.900
1.53 8
Middle Atlantic . .
105 1
West North Central
107 I
46.2
Delaware .
353
2,807
2,235
2,294
1,612
1,828
892
2,153
460
7,220
206.3
264.2
946.5
165.1
139.3
121.8
131.3
150.4
103.7
125.5
88
413
648
1,340
109
694
649
979
388
2,537
282.2
177.8
686.1
199.7
169.9
99.4
77.6
83.2
125.7
95.6
104
1,143
444
781
463
680
316
717
172
2 732
60.8
107.6
188.0
56.2
40.0
45.3
46.5
60.1
38.8
J7 .T
23
129
1.50
453
32
236
330
394
153
950
73 8
District of Columbia
158 8
49 9
33.8
South Carolina ....
39 5
33.5
Florida .
49.6
East South Central
35. S
'
Kentucky
2,968
1,731
1,366
1,155
6,816
146.4
101.1
111.2
146.9
101.4
670
472
673
822
1,531
217.8
99.8
74.1
81.4
77.2
1,054
676
584
418
2,609
52.0
39.5
47.5
53.2
38.8
173
256
247
274
343
66.1
Tennessee
5J. 1
27.2
Mississippi
27.1
West South Central
17.3
A rt.'H^'yis .
941
1,452
948
3,475
3,469
9,752
83.2
154.3
65.6
108.4
137.6
242.4
151
705
128
547
57
94
34.1
98.8
93.0
79.3
265.5
322.0
222
366
682
1,339
1.577
3.326
19.6
38.9
47.2
41.8
62.6
82.7
33
125
48
137
29
57
7.5
Louisiana
17.5
34.9
Texas
19.9
135.1
Pacific
1«.2
NEGROES.
35
Outside the South the ratio is higher for negroes than
for whites in every geograpliic division (see Table 24).
In New England, for instance, the ratio is 105.9 per
100,000 for whites, as compared with 153.8 per 100,000
for negroes, and in the Middle Atlantic division the ra-
tios are 75.3 per 100,000 and 105.1 per 100,000, respec-
tively. In the South Atlantic division, on the other
hand, 59.7 out of 100,000 whites were admitted toiasane
asylums, as compared with 46.2 out of 100,000 negroes.
In the East South Central division the number of ad-
missions per 100,000 population was 47.5 for whites
and 35.8 for negroes; and in the West South Central
division it was 38. 8 and 17.3, respectively. There are
some individual Southern states, however, in which, as
in the North, the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the
insane is higher for negroes than for whites. These
states are Delaware, Virginia, West Virginia, Florida,
Kentucky, and Tennessee.
The fact that the negroes in the South have a
lower ratio of atlmissions than the whites does not
necessarily indicate that insanity is less prevalent
in one race than in the other. The difference in the
relative numbers admittefl to asylums for the insane
may be influenced by the local distribution of the two
races, by their practice as regards taking steps to have
the insane placed under institutional care or restraint,
and by the relative sufficiency of the provisions made
for caring for the insane of each race. What the
effect of such factors may be it is difFic.ult to deter-
mine, but it seems probable that they furnish at least
a partial explanation of the differences between the
two races as regards the proportionate numbers ad-
mitted to institutions for the inane. It is fm-ther-
more probable that, because of illiteracy, poverty,
and ignorance among the negroes, cases of insanity,
especially those which are forms of senile dementia,
are less likely to be diagnosed or detected in this race
than among the whites.
Comfarison by age periods. — Table 25 gives, by age
groups, the number of whites and of negroes admitted
to hospitals for the insane in the North and in the
South, with the ratios per 100,000 population in each
age group. The "North" as here defined includes the
New England, Middle Atlantic, and the two North
Central divisions; the "South" includes the South
Atlantic and the two South Central divisions. For
the West, comprising the Mountain and Pacific divi-
sions, the figures are not presented by age groups,
because of the very small number of negroes in that
section.
In the North the ratio of admissions is higher for
negroes than for whites in every age group, although in
one group, 55 to 59 years, the ratios are pi'actically
identical. Too much significance, however, should not
be attached to minor variations between the different
groups, for the reason that in the North the number of
negroes in the older groups is so small that a small
change in the number committed from any one group
would have a considerable effect upon the ratio. The
comparison is of value mainly as indicating that in the
North the higher ratio of admissions for negroes as
compared with whites is not explainable by the differ-
ence in the age composition of the two races.
Table 25
AGE OEOnP.
All ages
Under 15 years...
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 "years
65 years and over.
Age unknown
All ages
Under 15 years...
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
Age unknown
All ages
Under 15 years...
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 vears
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
.\ge unknown
.A.llages
raaiNE ADMITTED TO H0SPITAI.9: 1910.
White.
Number.
Per
100,000
white
popula-
tion.
Negro.
Number.
Per
100,000
negro
popula-
tion.
UNITED STATES.
56,182
68.7
272
1.1
2,215
27.8
5,101
63.9
6,394
88.1
6,696
106.8
6,945
121.2
6,046
126.5
5,349
131.7
4,609
129.6
3,208
125.1
2,706
130.8
5,807
159.5
834
4,384
44.6
54
320
579
601
568
629
388
316
253
150
163
348
115
1.5
30.2
56.2
68.2
85.0
79.7
85.2
81.9
77.6
71.6
87.4
118.3
THE NOETH.
41,118
75.3
140
1,552
3,619
4,561
4,776
5,059
4,504
4,050
3,449
2,450
1,983
4,423
552
0.9
29.6
67.5
92.9
111.9
128.2
133.6
140.6
139.3
136.7
137.2
166.4
1,105
107.5
12
56
130
167
133
143
105
87
67
39
49
90
27
8.0
65.0
114.1
133.8
127.2
145. 7
148.1
15S.2
154.6
137.8
228.6
250.2
THE SOUTH.
10,161
49.5
3,193
114
1.5
41
507
23.5
263
1,079
55.2
439
1,246
74.6
422
1,275
90.3
425
1,258
99.2
376
962
99.0
271
837
102.6
221
769
98.7
180
528
92.3
108
473
102.2
111
932
128.6
252
181
84
36.5
1.2
27.1
48.2
56.3
76.2
71.0
71.3
67.5
64.2
60.0
67.7
98.2
THE WEST.
Similarly the comparison for the South, as given in
Table 25, does not indicate that the difference between
the races as regards the ratio of insane is affected to
any appreciable degree by the age factor. The ratio
for negroes is consistently lower than that for whites
in every age group with one exception, and it is doubt-
ful whether this exception, occnirring in the age group
15 to 19 years, possesses any special significance; at
any rate it has very little effect upon the totals for the
respective races.
36
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Diagram 5. — Ratio of White and Negro Insane Admitted to
Hospitals in the North and in the South per 100,000 Popu-
lation OF THE SAME AgE AND RaCE.
YEARS
3S 40
UNDER
16
260r
a 120
/
/
/
J
1
1
/
.y
iii^
1
/
/
/
&/
j^
MOOT-
\
1
/
/
N -
i/
\^,^
f
'
/
S
'iA
1
/
)
/
■
/
/
/
/
/
IN
-t^*e>
■t^.
/
/
f
s.
/
/
/
1
1
i
/
/
/
1
1 ,
■ /
^
OES
■" r,
/
1
/
^
^
/"
/
1
1 1
/
///
r
i'
'
\
f/
AND
OVER
260
With regard to the negroes of the North it should be
remembered that they are mostly located in large
cities and furthermore that a large proportion of them
are immigrants from the South. Doubtless these two
circumstances have a direct bearing upon the preva-
lence of insanity among them. Being city dwellers
they are exposed to those influences which in general
make the insanity rate higher in cities than in rural
districts. Being immigrants they have to adjust them-
selves to a new environment which so far as they are
concerned is probably an unfavorable one both in
climate and in industrial and social conditions.
Compared with the foreign^horn white. — A compari-
son between the negroes and foreign-born whites as
regards the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the
insane is presented, by geographic divisions, in the
following table:
Table 36
DIVISION.
ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN
1910 PER 100,000 POPULA-
TION OF SAME RACE AND
NATIVITY.
Native
white.
Foreign-
bora
white.
Negro.
United States
57.9
116.3
44.6
New England
93.6
61.8
61.9
52.1
66.8
46.5
36.4
48.3
60.7
134.4
112.6
109.7
111.0
121.1
97.9
65.9
117.9
152.6
153.8
Middle A tlantic
105.1
East North Central . .
101.1
West North Central
107.1
South Atlantic
46.2
East South Central
35.8
West South Central..
17.3
135.1
Pacific
195.2
In none of the northern or southern divisions, ex-
cept New England, is the ratio of admissions to
hospitals for the insane as high for negroes as it is
for the foreign-born whites. As abeady explained,
however, the ratio for the foreign-born whites is very
materially affected by the peculiar age composition of
that class, comprising as it does an exceptionallj* large
proportion of adults and small proportion of children.
This factor makes the ratio for this class higher than
it would be if the age distribution was similar to that
of either the negroes or the native whites. When the
ratios are compared by age groups, as given in Table
27, it will be found that in every age group, with one
exception, the ratio for northern negroes is higher than
that for the foreign-born whites. The exception occurs
m the age group 55 to 59 years, in which for some
reason — possibly on account of erroneous age returns —
the ratio for negroes is comparatively low.
Table 27
AGE GROUP.
AUages^.,
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over.
ADinTTED TO HOSPITALS FOE THE INSANE DTODJO
1910 PER 100,000 POPULATION Or SAME AGE, RACE,
AND NATIVITY.
White: United States.
Total.i
68.7
1.1
27.8
63.9
88.1
106.8
121.2
126.5
131.7
129.6
125.1
130.8
159.5
Native.
57.9
Foreign-
bom.
116.3
1.0
25.6
60.5
84.9
101.7
115.6
120.8
125.4
121.5
116.4
119.9
144.7
1.3
47.5
75.1
94.3
118.0
131.2
134.6
140.0
145.0
141.6
147.9
181.9
Negro.
United
States.
44.6
In the
North.
107.5
1.5
30.2
56.2
68.2
85.0
79.7
85.2
81.9
77.6
71.6
87.4
118.3
5.0
65.0
114.1
133.8
127.2
145.7
148.1
158.2
154.6
137.8
228. 6
250.2
In the
South.
36.5
1.2
27.1
48.2
56.3
76.2
71.0
71.3
67.5
64.2
60.0
67.7
98.2
' Includes nativity unknoNvn. ^ Includes age unknown.
NATIVE AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
On the basis of the returns as to the birthplace of
parents, two mam classes of the native white insane
have been distinguished, the one comprising those
whose parents were both born in the United States,
NATIVE AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
37
the other those whose parents were either both foreign
born or one foreign born and one a native of the United
States. The one class is designated as the native
white of native parentage, the other as the native
white of foreign or mixed parentage. For something
over 10 per cent of the native white insane no in-
formation as to parentage was obtained, so that it was
necessary to distinguish a tliird class, the native white
of unknown parentage. In the tables giving the ratio
of admissions to total population, however, the native
white insane of unknown parentage have been appor-
tioned between the other two classes.
The classification of the institutional insane by race,
nativity, and parentage, is presented in Table 28.
Table 28
INSANE
PER CENT
DISTRIBUTION —
RACE, NATrVITY, AM) PARENTAOE.
m hospitals:
1910.
Of the insane
in hospitals:
1910.
Of the
total
popula-
tion;
1910.
Enumer-
ated
on Jan. 1.
Admitted
during
the year.
Enu-
mer-
ated
on
Jan. 1.
Ad-
mitted
during
the
year.
All classes
187,791
60,769
100.0
100.0
100.0
White
174,224
56,182
92.8
92.5
88.9
Native
115,402
67,531
28, 186
19,685
54,096
4,726
12,910
657
39,629
24,534
10,685
4,410
15,523
1,030
4,384
203
61.5
.36.0
15.0
10.5
28.8
2.5
6.9
0.3
65.2
40.4
17.6
7.3
25.5
1.7
7.2
0.3
74.4
53.8
Foreign or mixed par
Parentage unlinown
20.5
'"'"ii.'s
10.7
0.4
The following table gives the ratio of admissions
from each class of the population according to race,
nativity, and parentage. This table is one of those in
which the native white insane of unknown parentage
have been distributed between the two classes of
known parentage.*
Table 29
RACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAOE.
All Classes.
White.
Nat ive
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage.
Foreign bom
Nativity unknown
Negro
Other colored .
Total
population:
1910.
91,972,266
81,731,957
68,386,412
49,488,575
18,897,837
13,345,545
9,827,763
412,546
INSANE
admitted to
hospitals: 1910.
Number.
60.769
56, 182
39.629
127,858
1 11,771
15.523
1,030
4,384
203
Per
ino.ono
popula-
tion.
68.7
67.9
.56.3
62.3
116.3
44.6
49.2
' In this table the native white insane of unknown parentage have been appor-
tioned between the two classes of known parentage.
' Thia distribution was made for each sex and age group in each
geojrrapliic division, the native white of unknown parentat^e beingap-
portioned between tlie two classes of known parentage according to
the relative numbers of each. The totals for the divisions and for
the United States were then obtained by adding the age groups.
As the result of this process 3.324 whites of unknown parentage were
classified as of native parentage and the remainder. 1,0S6. as of
foreign or mixed narentage.
The class of white population having the lowest
ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane is the
native white of native parentage. The ratio for the
native white of foreign or mixed parentage is inter-
mediate between that for the native white of native
parentage and that for the foreign-born white, but is
much closer to the former ratio than to the latter.
Here again, however, consideration should be given to
the effect of the differences in the age composition of
the several classes as shown by the following table,
which gives the age distribution for the total popula-
tion of each class.
Table 30
age GKour.
.\11 ages ...
Under 15 years...
15 to 24 years
25 to 44 years
45 to 64 years
65 years and over
pee cent DISTBIBDTION of the POPtlLATION:
1910.
Native white.
Native
parentage.
100.0
35.8
19.7
26.2
13.6
4.4
Foreign
or mixed
parentage,
100.0
38.2
21.6
27.6
11.2
1.4
Foreign-
bom
white.
100.0
5.7
15.8
44.1
25.4
8.9
Negro.
100.0
37.3
21.3
26.8
11.3
3.0
Of the three classes of whites distinguished in the
above table, the native white of foreign or mixed
parentage have the largest percentage of children and
the smallest percentage of old people — a condition
which would tend to make the ratio of insanity lower
for this class than for either of the other classes, because,
as already noted, there are very few insane among chil-
dren and many, relatively, among old people. The
influence of the age factor upon the ratio of admissions
to hospitals for the insane is, however, eliminated in a
comparison by age groups as shown in Table 31, which
gives for each race, nativity, and parentage class the
number of persons in each age group admitted to
hospitals for the insane, together with the ratio per
100,000 population of the same class and age. The
ratios are also shown in Diagram 6, on page 38.
Table 31
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
Native white.i
Foreign-bom
white.
Ne
AGE GROUP.
Native
Foreign or
gro.
parentage.
parentage.
Num-
Per
Num-
Per
Num-
Per
Num-
Per
ber.
100,000
ber.
100,000
ber.
100,000
ber.
100,000
.Ml ages. . .
27.858
56.3
11,771
62.3
15,523
11G.3
4,384
44.6
Under 15 years..
189
1.1
67
0.9
10
1.3
54
1.5
15 to 19 years
1,272
25.0
599
27.2
320
47.5
320
30.2
20 to 24 years
2,09S
.57.6
1.270
67.8
1.074
75.1
579
56.2
25 to 29 years. . . .
3,201
79.1
1,548
100.2
l,5f.S
94.3
601
68.2
30 to 34 years
3,241
95.3
1,600
117.7
1,7T7
IIS.O
568
85.0
35 to 39 years. . . .
3,204
107.2
1,7.35
135.7
1,848
131.2
529
79.7
40 to 44 years
2,786
113.7
1.415
137.9
l.irn
134.6
388
85.2
45 to 49 years. . . .
2,478
119.6
1,178
139.8
1,005
140.0
316
81.9
50 to 54 years
2,225
114.1
972
142.9
1,341
14,5.0
253
77.6
55 to 59 years
1,637
109.8
641
142.3
982
U1,0
150
71.6
60 to 04 years
1,441
117.4
287
133.9
92S
147.9
163
87.4
65 years and over
3,007
139.3
488
190.9
2,1,52
181.9
348
118.3
.\ge u^kIlow^l...
361
71
163
115
1 In this table the native white insane of unknown parentage have been appor-
tioned between the two classes of known parentage.
38
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Diagram 6. — Ratio of (1) Native Whites of Native Pahbntaoe,
(2) Native Whites of Fobbion ok Mixed Parentage, (3)
Foreign-born Whites, and (4) Negroes Admitted to Hos-
pitals for the Insane per 100,000 Population of the same
Color, Race, Nativity, and Age.
UNDER
16
200
The ratio for the native white of native parentage is
uniformly lower than that for either of the other two
classes of whites in every age group except the young-
est (under 15 years), and very much lower in every age
group except the two youngest. There is in general,
however, no wide difference between the native white of
foreign or mixed parentage and the foreign-born white,
the ratios for these two classes in most of the age groups
being either nearly identical or not very far apart ; only
in the two youngest age groups is there any such con-
trast as appears in the ratios for the total for all ages
combined. In some groups the ratio for the native
white of foreign or mixed parentage is slightly higher
than that for the foreign-born white, but usually
the latter is the higher of the two. It is evident, then,
that the difference between these two classes as regards
the relative number of admissions to hospitals for the
insane is mainly accounted for by the mere difference in
age, or, to be more explicit, by the fact already noted
that the one class as compared with the other con-
tains a relatively large number of children and rela-
tively few old people.
In order to determine more definitely just how much
effect the difference in age composition has upon the
ratios, a computation hke tliat described on page 27
has been made of the ratios which the admissions of
the native white of foreign or mixed parentage and
the foreign-bom white would bear to the total popu-
lation of the same class if each of these classes had
the same age distribution as the native white of native
parentage. The results of this computation are as
follows :
Table 32
Native white — Native parentage
Native wiiite — Foreign or mixed parentage
Foreign-bom white
Actual
ratios.
56.3
62.3
116.3
Adjusted
ratios.
56.3
69.9
71.8
Taking as the standard the age distribution of the
native white of native parentage, the ratio for the na-
tive white of foreign or mixed parentage becomes 69.9
per 100,000, and that for the foreign-bom white be-
comes 71.8 per 100,000, the one ratio being consider-
ably increased and the other materially reduced, with
the result that the difference between them practically
disappears. Thus, while one of the two classes here
compared consists of persons bom and educated in the
United States and the other consists of immigrants,
this important distinction seems not to have any effect
upon the proportionate number of admissions to
hospitals for the insane. On the contrary, after due
allowance has been made for the difference in the
age composition of the two classes, it would appear
that, according to the ratio of admissions, the ten-
dency to insanity is as marked in the second genera-
tion as it is in the first. As furnishing perhaps a
partial explanation of this lack of contrast may be
noted the fact that the local distribution of the two
classes is similar. Wherever the foreign-born white
are present in large numbers, there is also a large
representation of native white of foreign or mixed
parentage. The one class is concentrated in cities to
about the same extent as the other, and neither class
is numerically prominent in the Southern states.
Broadly speaking it might be said that the two classes
live in the same localities. So far as that is the case
they are, of course, exposed to the same local influences
and controlled by the same laws and practices as
regards the placing of the insane under institutional
care. The native white of native parentage, on the
other hand, are sharply differentiated from the other
two classes as regards both geographic distribution
and concentration in cities. This is made evident by
Table 33.
As indicated by the first three columns of this table,
there is not much difference between the native white
of foreign or mixed parentage and the foreign-born
NATIVE AND FOREIGN PARENTAGE.
39
white as regards the percentage living in cities; but
for the native white of native parentage this per-
centage is usually much smaller than for either of the
other classes.
Table 33
population: 1910.
Per cent living in urban
communities.
Per cent distribution by
geographic divisions.
DIVISION.
Native white.
For-
eign-
born
white.
Native white.
Native
parent-
age.
For-
eign or
mi.\ed
parent-
age.
Native
parent-
age.
For-
eign or
mixed
parent-
age.
For-
eign-
born
white.
United States
36.1
65.3
72.2
100,0
100.
100.0
70.7
65.8
41.2
30.4
22.8
15.7
19.8
33.5
53.0
90.9
82.4
62.2
33.9
71.3
69.8
39.0
42.0
61.5
92.4
83.9
71.4
39.2
66,0
66.7
39.2
39.7
61.3
5.3
17.1
19.7
13.2
14,8
11,0
11,7
3,0
4.3
10.9
29.6
27.0
17.0
2.3
1.1
3.2
3.3
5.6
13.6
Middle .\tlantic..
36.2
23.0
West North Central.
12.1
Soutli Atlantic
2,2
C.7
West Soulii Central..
2.6
Mountain
3.3
Pacific
6.5
The differences in the geographic distribution of the
three classes are revealed by the figures presented in
the last three columns of the table, which show that
the three southern divisions included about 37.5 percent
of the total native white population of native parent-
age in 1910, but only 6.7 per cent of the total native
wliite of foreign or mixed parentage and only 5.4 per
cent of the foreign-born white. The New England and
Middle Atlantic divisions, on the other hand, included
only 22.4 per cent of the native white of native par-
entage, as compared with 40.4 per cent of the native
wliite of foreign or mixed parentage, and 49.8 per cent
of the foreign-l)orn white.
As it thus becomes evident that comparisons based
upon tables for the United States, as a whole, may be
more or less affected by differences in the territorial
distribution of the several classes, tables have been
prepared presenting the statistics by geographic
divisions.
Table 34 gives, for each geograpliic division, the
number of insane admitted to hospitals from each of
the thi'ee classes of the white population, with the
ratio of admissions per 100,000 population and per
100,000 adults.
The ratio based on the total population, being so
largely affected by differences in the proportionate
number of childi'en in the several classes, may be
passed over without further comment. The ratio based
on the total number of adults is of more significance.
In New England this ratio is substantially the sam(^
for each of the tliree classes of white population here
distinguished; and for each class it is higher than it is
in any other division, with tlie exception that in the
case of the foreign-born white the ratio in the Pacific
division is greater than that in New England. In all
divisions except New England the ratio for the foreign-
born white is higher, and usually considerably higher,
than that for either of the other two classes. The ratio
for the native white of foreign or mixed parentage is
intei-mediatc between the ratio for the foreign-born
white and that for the native white of native parent-
age in the Middle Atlantic, the two North Central, and
the Pacific di\Tsions, but is the lowest of the three ratios
in the three southern and the Mountain divisions.
Table 34
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS:
1910.
DIVISION.
Native white.'
Foreign-
bom
white.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mixed
parentage.
NtlMBEB.
United Stales. ...
27,858
11,771
15,523
New England
2,765
5,005
5,.<i09
3,2S4
4,202
2,553
2,230
777
1,233
1,604
3,6S2
3,394
1,786
215
84
91
229
6,S6
2,438
5 433
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
3,365
1 790
West North Central
South Atlantic. .
'352
East South Central . ..
85
West South Central
230
Mountain
515
Pacific
1,315
NUMBER PEE 100,000 POPULA-
TION or .SAME NATtVITV AND
PARENTAGE.
United States..
56.3
62.3
116 3
New England
105.8
69.1
69.6
50.3
67.2
46.8
38.7
53.0
58.5
78.1
65.9
66.4
55.0
48. 9
39.1
15.0
37.1
65.1
134 4
Middle Atlartic.
ICast North Central . . .
West North Central
HI
South Atlantic
East South Centra!
97 9
West South Central
Mountain
117 9
Pacific
NUMBER PER 100,000 ADULTS.'
United States
87. S
100.8
123.3
New England
144.5
87. 8
91.8
80.6
92.0
77.0
65.2
83.4
82. 3
145.8
115.9
100.9
."sj. 5
72,4
50,1
24.1
5S.5
96.8
Middle Atlantic
120.6
115 2
East North Central
West North Central
115.4
129.4
102.3
72 9
Sou th A tiani ic
East Soutli Central . ,
West South Central
Mountain
124.7
159.5
Pacific
' In this table the native while of unknown parentage have been apportioned
between the two cla.sses of known parentage.
3 Ratio is based upon the number of persons of the same nativity and parentage
15 years of age and over in the total population.
Table 35 gives, by geographic divisions, the ratio of
admissions by age groups for each of the three classes
of white population here distmguished. In New Eng-
land and in the Middle Atlantic and East North Central
divisions, the ratio for the native white of foreign or
mixed parentage is higher than that for either of the
other two classes in nearly every age group, but in all
the other divisions except the t^\■o South Central the
ratio for the foreign-born white is, as a rule, the highest
in each ago group. It would probably be expected
that the lowest ratio would be that for the native
white of native parentage, and that is very generally
the case; but a notable exception is shown by the
40
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
figures for New England, where the ratio of admissions
for the native white of native parentage runs ahead
of that for the foreign-born white in all groups between
20 and 50 yeare of age. The peculiarities or exceptions
exliibited by the figures for the southern divisions are
probably of less significance because of the compara-
tively small representation of the classes of foreign
birth or foreign parentage in the South.
The figures for New England in this table furnish a
very striking instance of the effect of a marked differ-
ence in age distribution upon the comparisons between
two classes. It results in something almost Uke a
paradox. Looking at the ratios for "all ages" com-
bined, one would say that in New England the record
of admissions to hospitals indicates that there is much
more insanity among the foreign-born white than
among the native white of foreign or mixed parent-
age; and that is perfectly true. But it results simply
from the oft-emphasized fact that the one class is so
much older than the other. On making the compari-
sons b}' age groups it will be found that in every
group, with one exception, the ratio for the native
white of foreign parentage is higher — u.-;ually much
higher — than that for the foreign born. One might
say that in New England the second generation of for-
eign origin, consisting of the native children of immi-
grants, is more subject to insanity than the present-day
immigrants themselves. This, however, is not clearly
a case of children worse than their fathers, because
many of the fathers of the children here considered
belonged to an early generation of immigrants, which
has now passed ofl" the stage of life, and therefore
does not figure in this comparison.
The ratios for the Middle Atlantic and East North
Central divisions show a similar relationship between
these two classes, although the differences revealed by
a comparison by age groups are in general not so
striking.
Table 35
WHITE PERSONS
ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS FOE THE INSANE PEE 100,000 WHITE POPULATION OF THE SAME NATIVITY AND PARENTAGE 1
1910.
Native.
Foreign-
bom.
Native.
Foreign-
bom.
Native.
Foreign-
born.
Native.
Foreign-
born.
Native.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mixed
parent-
age.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mLxed
parent-
age.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mLxed
parent-
age.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mixed
parent-
age.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mixed
parent-
age.
For-
eisn-
bom.
traiTED STATES.
NEW ENGLAND.
MIDI
)LE ATLANTIC.
EAST NORTH CENTRAL.
WEST NORTH CENTRAL.
All ages'
56.3
62.3
116.3
105.8
78.1
134.4
59.1
65.9
112.6
59.6 ! 66.4
109.7
50.3 55.6
111.0
1.1
2.5.0
57.6
79.1
95.3
107.2
113.7
119.6
114.1
109.8
117.4
139.3
0.9
27.2
67.8
100.2
117.7
135.7
137.9
139.8
142.9
142.3
133.9
190.9
1.3
47.5
75.1
94.3
118.0
131.2
134. 6 !
140.0
145.0 1
141.6
147.9 1
181.9
1.6
43.9
107.6
136.3
141.6
165.2
160.8
178.1
171.6
165.4
153.3
186.0
2.7
45.6
98.5
136.7
156.7
199.3
243.7
218.1
206.7
233.1
160.0
298.4
1.8
43.8
87.1
105.7
130.3
156 7
156.9
175.2
173.6
184.2
197.6
248.5
0.7
29.2
62.4
78.3
87.5
93.0
111.0
127.4
116.3
109.0
113.9
133.7
0.8
34.5
78.3
108. 6
128.6
156.0
156.0
159.7
180.7
176.1
l.W, 4
198.7
2.2
55.2
81.6
91.4
114.4
120.9
121.7
142.1
147.4
167.7
148.4
228.3
6.1 0.5
23.7 1 22.7
55. 4 62. 2
0.7
42.2
60.9
75.7 ;
110.8
125.9
136.9
128.2
130.9
123.0
136.6
153.8
0. 5 0. 7
15 to 19 years
21.4
46.9
78.0
94.1
102.7
109.4
105.2
106.3
91.7
117.7
134.0
15.9
60.3
92.5
109.5
117.6
116.6
127.9
119.5
103.9
15.1.6
206.9
19.4
61.2
25 to 29 years .
78.1
94.3
119.7
123.0
130.9
122.3
130.1
120.4
140.5
104.9
126.8
135.7
132.9
137.5
142.3
134.0
129.0
184.1
104.4
114.7
35 to 39 years .... .
129.3
129.0
45 to 49 years
119.5
128.5
55 to 59 years
116.8
131.5
128.5
SOUTH ATLANTIC.
EAST SOUTH CENTRAL.
WEST SOUTH CENTKAL.
MOtTNTAIN.
PACIFIC.
.Ullages'
57.2
48.9
121.1
46.8
39.1
97.9
38.7
15.0
6,5.9
53.0
37.1
117.9
58.5 1 65.1
152.6
Under 15 years
1.8
25.7
64.5
86.1
95.8
117.9
115.7
119.2
114.1
106.3
120.5
155.9
1.4
21.1
66.1
94.3
96.1
84.9
65.6
37.8
83.7
63.8
112.2
149.1
""ss.'o"
66.9
91.5
114.7
108.2
138.7
159.4
177.3
145.4
122.0
209.7
0.8
23.0
57.6
71.9
98.6
100.3
97.1
101.0
103.3
97.9
96.5
100.3
1.8
21.2
44 6
65.9
82.8
82.3
85.4
91.4
71.6
75.7
89.3
99.6
0.4
8.8
5.0
11.8
29.2
28.8
52.5
32.8
44.4
37.9
12.8
56.5
2.1
0.7 0.3
21.7 30.4
51.0 81.1
65.4 103.0
102. 4 98. 8
15 to 19 vears . . .'
20.4
31.0
62.2
53.7
56.1
48.0
72.5
64.2
62.9
22.3
53.1
104.1
144.2
178.3
54 9
63.8
79.4
138.4
67.2
31.6
97.0
128.5
20.3
39.0
46.3
66.3
95.5
84.1
88.9
96.3
60.1
71.0
105.1
22.9
45.1
69.0
91.9
90.5
136.7
39.9
123.3
21.8
39.2
47.2
65.7
81.8
78.7
121.7
70.3
17.8
58.9
93.0
99.8
147.9
172.0
127.7
147.4
136.9
200.2
198.7
76.4
87.3
25 to 29 years
142.5
30 to 34 years
172.5
102.9
105.2
109.6
104.8
78.9
119.6
133.2
132.0
121.0
119.4
80.7
127.4
135.6
230.2
170.7
40 to 44 years .
160.4
165.5
50 to 54 years
190.3
102.3 ' 118.5
153.0 ! 35.7
175.6 1 66.1
143.8
60 to 64 years
179.1
63 years and over
202.6
1 In the computation of these ratios the native white insane of unlmown parentage have been apportioned between the two classes of loiown parentage.
» Includes age unknown.
SEX.
Ratio of males to females. — -As shown by Table 36,
the total number of insane enumerated in hospitals on
January 1, 1910, included 98,695 males and 89,096
females; the total number of insane admitted during
the year 1910 included 34, 116 males and 26,653 females.
Males are therefore m the majority. They are also
in the majority in the total population of the United
States but not to so marked a degree. In the total
population there are 106 males to 100 females: in the
institutions for the insane the ratio is 110.8 to 100;
and among the admissions to such institutions it is still
higher, being 128 to 100. This means, of course, that
in proportion to their numbers more males than females
are committed as insane.
SEX.
41
It will be noticed that the ratio of males to females
in the admissions is much higher than it is among the
inmates enumerated on January 1. This is probably
due, at least in part, to the difference in the death rate
of the two sexes. In the general population the death
rate is somewhat higher for males than for females,
particularly in the older age periods, and, as indicated
by statistics already presented, a large proportion of
the inmates of insane asj'lums are of advanced age.
For this and possibly other reasons the death rate for
males in hospitals is very much higher than that for
females, and it is obvious that if the males after ad-
mission die off faster than the females, the excess of
males will diminish as time goes by (sec p. 63). It is
possible, at the same time, that the ratio of males to
females in the admissions to insane asylums is actually
changing in the direction of a greater proportion of
males. The statistics, in fact, indicate that the change
here suggested is taking place in some degree at least ,
the ratio of males to females among the admissions
being 123 to 100 in 1904, as compared with 128 to 100 in
1910. Among the inmates present on a given day, as
shown by Table 36, the number of males to 100 females
was 101.6 in 1880, 107.4 in 1890, 109.6 in 1904, and,
as already stated, 110.8 in 1910 — an increasing excess
of males.
Table 36
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
VEAR.
Enumerated on a given date.
Admitted during the year.
Male.
Female.
Males
per 100
females.
Male.
Female.
Males
per 100
females.
1910
98,695
78,523
38,330
20,635
89,096
71,628
35,698
20,307
110.8
109.6
107.4
101.6
34,116
27,389
(')
(')
26,653
22,233
(')
(•)
128.0
1904
123.2
1890
1880
1 No data.
Ratio to total population. — In a preceding paragraph
attention has been called to the fact that the excess
of males among the insane in hospitals is greater than
it is in the general population. It follows, of course,
that the ratio of male insane to total male population
exceeds the corresponding ratio for females — that is
to say, there are not only actually more males than
females in hospitals for the insane, but more in pro-
portion to the total numbers in the general population.
In fact, the ratio of the total number of male inmates
of insane asylums in 1910 to the total male population
was 208.5 per 100,000, while the ratio of female in-
mates to the total female population was 199.6 per
100,000. The males admitted during the year 1910
represented a ratio of 72.1 per 100,000 and the females
a ratio of 59.7 per 100,000. Therefore, in a typical
community of 200,000 population equally di\ndc(] as
to sex, 208 of the males would bo found in institutions
for the insane and 200 of the females; and in the
course of one year 72 males would be committed to
such institutions as compared with 60 females.
Tables?
Total
population:
1910.
INaANE IN HOSPITALS: 1910.
.SEX.
Enimierated on
Jan. 1.
Admitted during
the year.
Number.
Per
100,000
popu-
lation.
Number.
Per
100,000
popu-
lation.
Total
91,972,266
187,791
204 2
fin 7fiQ
AA 1
Male
47,332,277
44,639,989
98,695
89,096
208.5
199.6
34,116
26,653
72 1
That the proportion of males in insane asylums has
increased faster than the proportion of females is
indicated by the following table:
Table 38
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Male.
Female.
YEAR.
Number.
Number
per
100,000
male
popula-
tion.
Number.
Number
per
100.000
female
popula-
tion.
ENUMERATED ON A GIVEN DATE.
1910
98,695
78,523
38,330
20,635
208.5
187.4
119.5
80.9
89,096
71,628
35,698
20,307
199 6
1904
179.6
1890
116 8
1880
82.4
ADMITTED DUKINQ THE TEAR.
1910
34,116
27,389
72.1
65.4
26,6.13
22,233
59.7
190-1
55 7
In 1880 the proportionate number of females in
insane asylums was sUghtly greater than the propor-
tionate number of males, the ratio being 82.4 per
100,000 in the case of females as compared with a
ratio of 80.9 per 100,000 in the case of males. By
1890, however, the ratio for males exceeded that for
females, and the excess was still greater in 1904 and
in 1910.
Sex and age. — The difference between the sexes as
regards the ratio of admissions varies considerably in
different age periods, as is shown by Table 39 and also
by Diagram 7. In no age period, however, is the
ratio as high for females as it is for males. The
difference is, on the whole, most marked in the
older age periods. For both sexes the ratio in-
creases rapidly in the younger age periods. For men
the ratio remains nearly stationary at about 130 per
100,000 m the age groups between 40 and 59. The
ratio for women reaches 120 in the age group 45 to 49
yeai-s and remains at that figure in the next age group,
50 to 54 years. Then it falls off and is considerably
lower between the ages of 55 and 64; but there is no
corresponding reduction in the ratio for men. After
65 the effect of old age in increasing the ratio is appar-
ent for both sexes, but is on the whole more marked
for men than for women.
42
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
The question naturally arises as to why the record
of admissions indicates more insanity among males
than among females. Considerable light upon this
question may be obtained from the statistics of the
cases of general paralysis and alcoholic psychosis
which are presented in another section of this report
(see p. 55).
Table 39
AGE GROUP.
AH ages
Under '5 years...
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
60 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown
INaANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
Male.
Number.
34,116
181
1,471
3,234
3,911
4,018
4,090
3,618
3,163
2,712
1,975
1,698
1,255
994
676
513
607
Per
lOO.OOO
male
popula-
tion.
72.1
1.2
32.5
70.6
92.1
109.9
121.5
129.8
133.0
128.5
132.7
143.2
145.3
177.0
204.1
224.0
Female.
Number.
26,653
Per
100.000
female
popula-
tion.
59.7
146
1,068
2,467
3,116
3,277
3,405
2,851
2,518
2,165
1,393
1,174
936
782
504
501
350
1.0
23.5
55.1
79.2
98.8
112.4
115.2
120.5
120.9
107.3
108.6
114.8
141.6
150.0
192.7
Diagram 7.- — Ratio op Males and of Females Admitted to
Hospitals foe the Insane in 1910 per 100,000 Population of
THE same Sex and Age.
UNDett TO
220
J
,/
1
/
180
/
t
1
/
1
1
160
/
1
1
1
/
1
1
140
/
'
y
\
*p.^
^
/
120
,t>'^''
/,
^t
\
\
\
.--
/
/
/
/
_— —
//
eo
/
/
/ /
60
/
/
/ 1
/
/ /
/ /
/ /
1 i
/
I
//
//
A comparison of the ratios of admissions by sex for
each of the main race and nativity classes (see Table 40)
brings out the further fact that the difference between
the sexes in tliis respect is most striking in the case
of the native whites. In the case of the foreign-born
wliites the ratio of admissions is scarcely higher for
males than for females, and in the case of the negroes
also it is not very much higher. In the case of the native
whites, however, there were 64 admissions per 100,000
for the males as compared with 51.7 per 100,000 for the
females. The contrast in tins respect between the
native and foreign-born white indicated by the ratio
of insane enumerated is even more striking. In
the case of the foreign-born white this ratio is decidedly
higher for females than for males while in the case of
the native white the ratio for the males is the higher.
The same relationship considered from a different
standpoint may be expressed by saying that as regards
the ratio of insane enumerated the difference between
the foreign born and the native is much greater in the
case of females than in the case of males.
Table 40
ins.^ne in h03pit.vls per 100,000
population: 1910.
CLASS.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Admitted during
the year.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
\U Classes '
208.5
199.6
72.1
59.7
Native while
175.0
377.7
133.8
162.3
441.1
129.0
64.0
117.5
47.2
51.7
114.8
Negro
42.1
I Includes white of unknown nativity and "other colored" — classes which are
not shown separately in this table.
Table 41 gives for each geographic division the
number of insane enumerated on January 1 and ad-
mitted during the year per 100,000 population of the
same race, nativity, and sex.
The ratio of admissions during the year was higher
for males than for females in every geographic division.
In three geographic divisions, however, the New Eng-
land, Middle Atlantic, and West South Central, the
number of females present in hospitals for the insane
on January 1 was higher proportionately than the
number of males present. In the case of the first two
divisions named this exceptional condition is due to the
influence of the large foreign-born element in the
population of these divisions; for the native whites
taken by themselves show a higher ratio of males
present than of females. In the West South Central
division the relationship is reversed, the ratio for
females being liigher than that for males among the
native white but lower among the foreign-born white.
This is, however, the only geographic division in
which among the native whites the ratio for females
surpasses that for males.
Genorahzing, it may be said that these statistics in-
dicate that in the case of the native white population
there is more insanity among males than among fe-
males in all sections of the United States, except
SEX.
43
possibly I lie West South Central division. In the
case of the foreign-born white conditions vary in
different parts of the country. In the New England,
Middle Atlantic, and West North Central divisions
the ratio of insane persons is liigher for foreign-born
females than for foreign-born males; this is also true
of the East North Central division as regards the ratio
of insane present in hospitals, but not as regards the
ratio of admissions. In all other geographic divisions
the ratios for the foreign-born males exceed those for
the foreign-born females.
In the case of negroes the ratio of inmates present is
higher for females than for males in each of the three
southern divisions, but outside the South the ratio of
admissions is higher for males in every division except
the East South Central.
Table 41
INSANE IN hospitals: 1910.
Entimerated on Jan. 1.
Admitted during the year.
DIVISION, AND RACE -4ND NATrNITY.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Number.
Per 100,000
male
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per 100.000
female
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per 100,000
male
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per 103,000
female
popula-
tion.
United States:
Total'
98,693
20S.5
.S9,096
199.6
34, 116
72.1
26,653
59.7
60,644
28,415
6,536
175.0
377.7
133.8
54.758
25,6.S1
6.374
162.3
441.1
129.0
22, 190
8,838
2.304
64.0
117.5
47.2
17.439
6.685
2,080
51.7
114.8
Negro
42.1
New England;
TotaI»
9.M7
295.5
9.933
302.1
3.632
111.2
3,354
102.0
6.446
2,911
159
25,787
280.3
313.6
4S5.0
282.8
5,940
3.728
155
26,593
251.0
420.7
462.4
279.8
2,315
1,225
53
7,866
100.7
132.0
161.7
80.2
2,054
1,213
49
6,803
86.8
1.36. 9
146.2
Middle Atlantic:
Total»
71.6
15,487
9,065
782
22, 118
222.7
343.2
384.3
235.5
14,703
10,807
73.S
19,128
207.1
494.7
344.2
215.9
4,758
2,809
227
7,548
68.4
106.3
111.6
80.4
3. ',129
2,624
212
5.643
55.3
120.1
98.9
East North Central:
Total I
63.7
Native white
13,720
6,750
570
12,659
1S3.4
387.7
364.4
207.8
12,272
5,401
400
10,024
166.3
407.3
277.0
ISO. S
5.113
2,o:i5
1S6
4,180
68.3
116.9
118.9
68.6
4,090
1,330
lis
3.279
55.4
100.3
81.7
1;\'EST North Central:
Total »
59.1
7,784
4,125
346
10,372
155.7
436.6
274.9
169.1
6,520
3.008
233
9,580
137.6
450.0
199.5
15S. 1
2.828
1,026
142
3,730
56.6
108.6
112.8
60.8
2,242
764
118
2.995
47.3
114.3
Negro -
South Atlantic:
TotaU
101.0
49.4
Native white
6,531
1,001
2,617
4,939
166.4
579.0
12S.9
116.3
6,273
474
2.691
4,820
162.7
402.8
129.2
115.7
2,478
227
995
2,069
63.1
131.3
49.0
48.7
1,939
125
905
1.616
50.3
106.2
43. S
East South Central:
Total!
38. 8
3,525
169
1.229
4,.-!37
122.5
334.4
93.4
95.4
3,372
113
1.308
4.076
120.8
311.2
97.9
96.1
1,534
55
468
1,622
53.3
108.8
35.6
35.7
1,103
30
482
1.346
39.5
82.6
36.1
West South Central:
ToiaU
31.7
2,996
439
742
2,308
90.6
216.5
74.6
156.2
2,831
281
7S9
1,266
92.4
192.4
79.7
109.6
1,260
140
179
1,134
3S.1
69.1
18.0
76.7
1,061
90
164
489
34.6
61.6
16. S
Mountain:
TotaU
42.3
1,159
993
32
6,528
102.9
347.2
272.0
275.9
746
429
25
3,676
77.9
2S4.3
257.7
201.3
686
388
16
2,335
60.9
135.7
136.0
98.7
320
127
13
1,128
33.4
134.0
PAcmc:
61.8
2.996
2,962
59
178.0
532.8
370.0
2,101
1,440
35
142.0
471.3
284.2
1,218
933
38
72.4
167.8
238.3
701
382
19
47.4
125.0
143.4
1 Includes white of unknown nativity and "other colored "—classes which are not shown separately in this table.
44
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 42 gives, by sex, for each state the number
and ratio of inmates, present on January 1 and of
admissions during the year.
There are 18 states in wliich the ratio of females
in hospitals for the insane on January 1 to the total
female population is higher than the corresponding
ratio for males. Of these states 12 are in the South
and the remaining 16 states are rather widely dis-
tributed, including Massachusetts, Connecticut, New
York, New Jersey, Indiana, and Utah. As regards
the ratio of admissions, however, there are only 4
states in which it is higher for females than for
males, namely, Maine, Missouri, North Carolina, and
Louisiana.
Table 42
insane in hospitals: 1910.
Enumerated on Jan. 1.
Admitted during the year.
DIVBION AND STATE.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Number.
Per 100,000
male
population.
Number.
Per 100,000
female
population.
Number.
Per 100,000
male
population.
Number.
Per 100 000
female
popula/-
tion.
United States
98,695
208.5
89,096
199.6
34, 116
72.1
26,653
59 7
Geogeaphic divisions:
New England
9,647
25,787
22,118
12,659
10,372
4,939
4,337
2,30S
6,528
295.5
262.8
235.5
207.8
169.1
116.3
95.4
156.2
275.9
9,933
26,593
19, 128
10,024
0,580
4, ,S20
4,076
1,266
3,676
302.1
279. 8
215.9
1.S0.8
158.1
115.7
96.1
109.6
201.3
3,632
7,866
7,548
4,180
3,730
2,069
1,622
1,134
2,335
111.2
80.2
80.4
68.6
60.8
48.7
35.7
76.7
98.7
3,354
6,803
5,643
3,279
2,995
1,616
1,346
489
1,128
102
Middle Atlantic
71.6
East North Central
63 7
West North Central
59.1
South Atlantic
49 4
East South Central
38.8
Weit South Central ....
31.7
Mountain
42 3
61.8
New England:
693
463
528
5,633
650
1,680
14,955
2,913
7,919
5,615
2,235
6,846
3,679
3,743
2,755
2,896
3,231
407
535
1,141
1,694
237
1,569
2,170
1,779
900
1, 032
708
1,531
446
1,968
1,057
981
933
529
1,070
651
2,087
S31
256
105
687
128
265
171
163
1,325
1,0S8
4,115
183.8
214.1
289.2
340.3
240.5
29S.1
326.2
226.4
200.9
230.6
161.6
235.1
252.9
309.7
248.5
252.2
191.4
128.2
168.7
181.8
191.2
229.1
243.5
1,373.0
171.8
139.7
93.9
94.2
117.3
113.2
169.4
95.8
91.3
103.0
05.3
128.1
73.8
103.4
234.1
138.0
114.5
159.5
73.0
223.5
86.9
314.0
201.2
2S3.1
311.0
565
446
462
5,968
593
1,899
16,325
3,129
7,139
4,979
2,292
5,993
3,020
2,844
1,9S9
2,481
2,937
221
329
S49
1,218
204
1,651
720
1,S56
822
1,490
833
1,601
403
1,570
1,147
1,058
1,045
5&3
1,088
459
1,966
166
132
57
512
91
72
171
65
662
477
2,537
154.7
208.1
266.5
348.8
217.8
344.6
360.5
250.2
191.8
213.5
174.0
219. 8
0-59 .t^
25217
205.6
230,4
182.9
85.2
123.3
150.4
151.3
206.3
253.6
416.1
180.9
142.4
134.5
109.1
122.8
112.4
139.2
106.1
99.4
117.2
7.3.7
132.5
59.2
104.6
111.3
94.3
105.0
139.0
59.8
83.9
96.9
221.7
137.0
165.3
240.6
248
168
150
2,206
267
593
4,461
878
2,527
1,932
672
2,319
1.111
1,514
S66
S63
1,403
142
129
243
534
78
677
426
691
266
435
338
623
196
735
512
4J4
378
152
234
440
796
212
155
30
462
60
104
66
45
609
447
1,279
65.8
77.7
82.2
133.3
98.8
105.2
97.3
68.2
64.1
79.4
48.6
79.6
76.4
125.3
78.1
75.2
83.1
44.7
40.7
38.7
60.3
75.4
105.1
269.5
66.7
41.3
39.6
45.0
47.7
49.7
63.3
46.4
41.3
41.7
18.8
28.0
49.9
39.5
93.4
83.5
32.7
107.3
34.2
87.7
33.5
85.6
92.5
116.3
96.7
261
158
120
2,030
223
562
4,069
762
1,972
1,404
598
1,734
863
1,044
559
648
1,376
82
75
168
371
49
596
171
543
229
481
308
489
129
492
420
387
317
103
257
303
683
66
48
12
260
24
31
37
11
275
143
710
71 4
New Hampshire
73 7
69.2
Massachusetts
118 6
81.9
Connecticut
102
Middle .\-tlantic:
New York
89 8
60.9
Pennsylvania
53
East North Central:
Ohio
45.4
Illinois
63.7
92.8
West North Central:
Minnesota
57 8
Iowa
60 2
85 7
North Dakota
31 6
South Dakota
28.1
Nebraska
29 8
46 1
South Atlantic:
48.6
Marvland
91 S
98.8
52 9
West Virginia
39 7
43.4
South Carolina
40 3
37.5
Florida
36
East South Central:
43.6
Tennessee
38 8
36.4
Mississippi
35.6
West Sodth Central:
13. S
31.3
39.1
Texas
36 4
Mountain:
Montana
44 2
34.3
22.1
Colorado
70.6
15.8
Arizona
36 1
21.0
Nevada
37.5
Pacific:
56.9
Oregon
49.6
67.3
ILLITERACY.
45
ILLITEKACY.
The term "illiterate" as used ia this report signifies
inability to write, and the "percentage of illiteracy"
means in general the percentage wliich the illiterates
10 years of age or over form of the total number of
persons above that age. Of the 187,737 persons 10
years of age or over enumerated in hospitals for the
insane on January 1, 1910, 35,959, or 19.2 per cent,
were reported as illiterate; and of the 60,711 persons
10 years of age or over admitted to such hospitals in
1910, 6,901, or 11.4 per cent, were reported as illit-
erate. In the general population 10 years of age or
over the percentage of illiteracy in 1910 was 7.7.
There is therefore a considerably greater degree of
illiteracy among the insane than in the general popu-
lation. This is a condition which will probably ex-
cite no surprise, as it is to be expected that illiteracy
would be more common in a mentally defective class
than in the general population. In so far as the in-
sane in hospitals include representatives of the class
kno^vn as feeble minded, it should be remembered that
feeble-mindedness is usually a congenital defect which
frequently, although not invariably, involves such a
degree of mental incapacity as precludes the possibility
of learning to read or Avrite. The acquired forms of
insanity, however, do not ordinarily develop before
adult life and therefore should not interfere with the
acquisition of an elementary education.
TNTiether insanity is in any degree promoted by
illiteracy is at least doubtful. It may be more cor-
rect to say that it is to some extent associated with
iUiteracy rather than caused by it. By this it is
meant that the conditions of life under which chil-
dren grow up without learning to read or ^vrite are
conditions which may be in some degree conducive to
the development of insanity.
It might be suggested that the fact of a high per-
centage of iUiteracy among the insane could be at
least partly explained by the age composition of that
class, because, in general, iDiteracy is greater in the
older age groups than in the younger, and the insane
in hospitals include a relatively large proportion of
old people. A study of the statistics, however, indi-
cates that in this connection the influence of the fac-
tor of age is small and does not go far toward explain-
ing the high percentage of iUiteracy among the insane
as compared ^vith the general population.
Table 43 gives the number and percentage of
iUiterates among the insane in hospitals, classified
by race and nativity.
The negro insane have a higher percentage of iUit-
eracy than any of the other classes distinguished in
tliis table. The foreign-bom white insane have a
higher percentage of illiteracy than the native white,
and the native white insane of native parentage a
higher percentage than the native white of foreign or
mixed parentage. The rank of these several classes
in respect to illiteracy is the same for the insane
enumerated on January 1 as it is for the insane ad-
mitted during the year. The order is also the same
as it is for these several classes in the general pop-
ulation, thus indicating that iUiteracy among the
insane, as would be expected, reflects the iUiteracy of
the community (see Table 44).
Table 43
DJSAh-E IN HOSPITALS 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER: 1910.
RACE AND NATIVITY.
Number.
Percent.
Total.
Liter-
ate.
Illiter-
ate.
Liter-
acy un-
known.
Liter-
ate.
niit-
erate.
Liter-
acy un-
known.
ENOMEEATED ON JANTJAET 1.
United States, total..
187,73?'
142,315
35,959
9,463
75.8
19.2
6.0
\VTiite
174, 179
137, 153
28,081
8,945
78.7
18.1
5.1
Native
115,358
67,505
28,176
19,677
54,096
4,725
12,902
656
94,896
56,411
24,863
13,622
40, 452
1,805
4,761
401
16,689
10,331
2,966
3,372
10,224
1,188
7,687
191
3,793
763
347
2,683
3,420
1,732
454
64
82.3
83.6
88.2
69.2
74.8
38.2
36.9
61.1
14.4
15.3
10.5
17.1
18.9
25.1
59.6
29.1
3 3
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par.
Parentage unknown.
1.1
1.2
13.6
6.3
Nativity unknown
Negro
36.7
3.5
9.8
ADMITTED
JUKING THE YEAR.
United States, total..
60,711
51,181
6,901
2,629
84.3 11.4
4.3
White
56, 128
49,018
4,861
2,249
87.3
8.7
4.0
Native
39,576
24,497
10,678
4,401
15,522
1,030
4.380
203
35, 649
22,226
9,908
3,515
12,820
549
2,058
115
2,721
1,822
506
393
1,992
148
1,959
81
1,206
449
264
493
710
333
363
17
90.1
90.7
92.8
79.9
82.6
53.3
47.0
56.7
6.9
7.4
4.7
8.9
12.8
14.4
44.7
39.9
3.0
Native parentage. . . .
Foreign ormixedpar.
Parentage unknown .
Foreign bom
1.8
2.5
11.2
4.6
Nativity unknown
32.3
8.3
other colored
8.4
The percentage of iUiteracy, as already noted, is
much higher among the insane enumerated on Janu-
ary 1 than among those admitted during the year.
The latter class, representing for the most part recent
cases of insanity, reflect current conditions in the gen-
eral population, while the insane enumerated, many
of whom have been in hospitals for several years,
reflect to a greater extent the conditions that existed
in the past. In the general population, illiteracy
steadily declines, each generation growing up less
iUiteratc than its predecessor. Consequently there is
more iUiteracy in the older generations than in the
younger, and when the population at any given date
is classified by age the percentage of iUiteracy increases
regularly from the younger age groups to the older.
Therefore the fact that the insane enumerated on Jan-
uary 1 were, as a class, older and had been insane a
longer time than the insane admitted during the year
furnishes a partial explanation of the fact that the
percentage of iUiteracy is higher for the former than
for the latter. The difference, however, appears to be
too great to be fuUy explained by the difference in age.
Table 44 gives for comparison the percentages of
ilUteracy in the general population by race and na-
tivity, in connection with the corresponding percent-
ages for the insane.
46
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 44
RACE .4ND NATIVITY.
Total.
White.
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage..
Foreign born
Negro.
PER CENT OF ILLITERACY: 1910.
Among the insane in
hospitals.
Enumer-
ated on
Jan. 1.
19.2
16.1
14.4
15.3
10.5
18.9
59.6
Admitted
during
the year.
11.4
8.7
7.4
4.7
12.8
44.7
In the
general
popula-
tion.
7.7
5.0
3.0
3.7
1.1
12.7
30.4
For each of the classes distinguished in the above
table the percentage of ilhteracy was much liigher
among the insane enumerated in hospitals on Jan-
uary 1, 1910, than it was in the general population.
For the insane admitted during the year it was not
as high as for those present on January 1, but was
still considerably higher than it was in the general
population except in the case of the foreign-born
white, for which class the percentage was practically
the same for the admissions as it was in the total
population of the United States. This would indi-
cate that the illiterate immigrants did not in pro-
portion to their numbers contribute more inmates to
the insane asylums in 1910 than the literate. Com-
paring the figures by geographic divisions (see Table
45) it will be found, however, that the differences are
by no means uniformly one way.
As regards the native white the percentage of illit^
eracy in 1910 was in every geographic division higher
among the insane in hospitals than in the general
population, and this is true whether the comparison
is based on the insane enumerated on January 1 or on
the admissions during the year. The same statement
holds good also of the negroes in every division where
there were enough insane negroes in hospitals to justify
showing a percentage. As regards the foreign-born
white, however, there is not the same uniformity. In
the Middle Atlantic, the South Atlantic, and the West
South Central divisions the percentage of illiteracy
was higher for the total foreign-born wlaite population
than it was for the foreign-bom whites admitted to
hospitals for the insane; but that was not the case in
any of the other divisions. The reasons for these vari-
ations are not at all obvious. They may have to do
with the differences in the racial composition of the
foreign-born population, which is by no means homo-
geneous, being made up of various nationalities which
differ greatly in their degree of ilhteracy and also in the
percentage of insanity. The fact that the foreign-
born population of the Middle Atlantic division, for
instance, is 15.6 per cent German, according to country
of birth, 18.4 per cent Russian, 16.2 per cent Italian,
and loss than 1 per cent French Canadian, while the
foreign-born population of New England is only 3.9
per cent German, 9.8 per cent Itahan, and 10.6 per
cent Russian, as compared with 15.2 per cent French
Canadian, may have something to do \vith the fact
that in the one division the percentage of ilhteracy
is liigher and in the other lower for the foreign-born
white population than it is for the foreign-born white
insane admitted to hospitals. The relationsliip be-
tween these facts would, however, be very difficult,
probably impossible, to establish on the basis of any
available data.
Table 45
PEE CENT OF ILUTEBACY: 1910.
DIVISION.
Among the
insane in
hospitals.
In the
general
lation.
Among the
insane in
hospitals.
In the
Enumer-
ated on
Jan. 1.
Ad-
mitted
during
the
year.
Enumer-
ated on
Jan. 1.
Ad-
mitted
during
the
year.
general
lation.
ALL CLASSES.
NATIVE WHITE.
United States
19.2
11.4
7.7
14.4
6.9
3.0
New England
18.3
15.5
15.7
13.8
32.4
34.8
36.0
17.3
11.5
9.6
8.0
8.1
8.3
22.4
24.9
15.2
12.9
8.5
5.3
5.7
3.4
2.9
16.0
17.4
13.2
6.9
3.0
13.4
10.7
14.0
12.5
19.2
23.7
5.9
3.9
5.9
6.1
10,0
17.fi
0.9
1.0
East North Central. .
1.4
1.4
South Atlantic
7.6
9.2
West South Central
26.4
9.0
5.8
16. 8 9. 4
8.2 3.2
2.9
0.4
rOREIGN-BOEN
WHITE.
NEGRO.
United States
IS. 9
12.8
12.7
59.6 44 7
30.4
New England
25.8
20.7
17.0
13.0
18.3
14.5
32.4
15.3
14.5
15.4
13.6
11.2
7.7
11.6
(')
14.8
18.1
14.1
13.8
15.8
10.1
7.6
13.5
9.7
25.6
12.5
8.0
29.6
.35.4
39.2
41.5
68.4
67.5
68.5
(')
(')
22.5
17.1
32.9
42.3
63.4
46.4
63.9
(')
(')
7.8
Middle Atlantic
7.9
11.0
West North (^entral
14.9
32.5
East South Central
34.8
33.1
Mountain
8.0
6.3
1 Percent not shown where base is less than 100.
Table 46 gives, by geographic divisions, the percent-
age of illiteracy among the insane, classified by race
and nativity, together wth the percentage of ilhteracy
for the same classes in the general population.
MARITAL CONDITION.
47
Table 46
DIVISION, AND RACE AND
NATIVITY.
UNITED STATES.
Total
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign born
Negro
New England.
Total
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign bom
Negro
Middle Atlantic.
Total
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign bom
Negro
East Noeth Central.
Total
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign bom
Negro
West North Central.
Total
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign bora
Negro
insane in hospitals 10 YEARS OF AGE AND
over: 1910.
Enumerated on Jan.
1: Percent —
Liter-
ate.
7S.7
82.3
S3. 6
83.2
74.8
36.9
SO.O
80.3
85.6
86.6
87.3
71.8
67.5
77.0
77.6
S3. 4
88.5
88.8
70.8
56.4
84.8
84.4
88.4
78.7
58.4
79.2
80.3
82.1
85.7
87. S
80.0
44.9
111 iter
ate.
19.2
Liter-
acy
mi-
known
16.1
14.4
15.3
10.5
18.9
59.6
18.3
18.1
13.4
13.0
12.2
25.8
29.6
15.5
14.9
10.7
10.4
9.8
20.7
35.4
15.:
15.1
14.0
15.2
10.5
17.0
39.2
13. S
12.9
12.5
11.2
10.2
13.0
41.5
5.1
3.3
LI
1.2
6.3
3.5
1.7
1.0
0.4
0.5
2.3
2.9
7.5
5.9
L2
L4
8.5
8.2
4.0
1.2
0.5
1.0
4.3
2.5
7.0
6.9
5.5
3.2
2.0
7.0
13.6
Admitted during the
year: Percent —
Liter- 1 Illiter
ate. ate.
84.3
87.3
90.1
90.7
92.8
82.6
47.0
87.4
87.7
92.7
92.8
93.5
79.8
68.6
87.7
8S.0
92.8
93.2
93.7
SLl
77.4
88.6
89.3
92.2
93.6
93.3
85.4
63.2
9.2
90.7
92.5
93.3
93.9
89.7
51.2
11.4
8.7
6.9
7.4
4.7
12.8
44.7
9.4
5.9
5. 7
5.6
15.4
22.5
8.0
7.7
3.9
4.0
3.5
13.6
17.1
8.1
7.5
5.9
5.6
5.7
11.2
32.9
8.3
7.0
6.1
5.9
5.3
7.7
42.3
Liter-
acy
un-
known.
4.0
3.0
1.8
2.5
4.6
8.3
3.0
2.9
1.4
1.5
0.9
4.8
8.8
4.3
4.3
3.3
2.S
2.8
5.3
5.S
3.2
3.2
1.9
0.8
1.0
3.4
3.9
2.5
2.3
1.4
0.8
0.8
2.6
6.5
Per-
cent-
age
of il-
liter-
acy
in the
gen-
eral
popu-
lation.
5.0
3.0
3.7
1.1
12.7
30.4
5.2
0.9
0.7
1.3
5.6
1.0
L2
0.8
15.8
7.9
3.4
3.2
1.4
1.7
0.9
10.1
11.0
:.9
2.5
1.4
L7
0.7
7.6
14.9
DmSION, and race AND
nativity.
South Atlantic.
Total
White
Native
Native parentage ,
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign born
Negro
East South Central.
Total
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign born
Negro
West South Central.
Total
\Vhite
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign born
Negro
Mountain.
Total
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign bom
Negro
Pacific.
Total
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par.
Foreign born
Negro
INSANE IN hospitals 10 TEAR S OF AGE AND
over: 1910
Enumerated on Jan.
1: Per cent —
Liter-
ate.
64.8
77.5
78.7
80.5
87.1
79.5
29.8
62.1
73.8
73.8
73.0
89.7
81.6
28.7
62.8
70.2
72.8
74.8
81.7
65.7
30.8
79.2
,80.0
81.4
83.0
79.2
80.4
(')
80.0
80.4
86.5
91.5
9L5
75.6
(')
Illiter-
ate.
32.4
19.4
19.2
19.0
12.8
18.3
68.4
34.8
23.3
23.7
24.5
8.9
14.5
67.5
36.0
28.4
26.4
24.8
16.7
32.4
68.5
17.3
16.6
16.8
16.7
18.8
1.5.3
(')
11.5
11.2
8.2
7.5
6.9
14.5
(>)
Liter-
acy
un-
known.
3.1
2.1
0.5
0.1
2.2
1.8
Admitted during the
year: Per cent —
Liter-
ate.
Illiter-
ate,
22.4
87.3
87.9
88.3
96.7
84.4
43.8
3.1 67.4
2.9
2.5
2.5
L4
3.9
3.8
1.4
0.9
0.4
1.6
1.3
0.8
3.5
3.4
1.8
0.3
2.1
4.3
C)
8.5
8.3
5.3
1.0
1.6
10.0
(')
79.1
79.1
80.7
95.2
(')
33.8
87.8
90.3
81.6
81.3
34.7
79.7
85.2
87. 1
9.5.2
73.4
(')
78.4
79.5
80.6
85.4
76.1
80.4
(')
10.1
10.0
10.4
2.8
11.6
53.4
24.9
17.4
17.6
17.5
4.8
(')
46.4
15.2
9.8
9.0
.8.9
11.0
14.8
53.9
12.9
12.5
9.4
11.8
4.2
18.1
(')
8.5
7.5
3.2
3.1
2.8
14.1
(')
Liter-
acy
un-
known
2.6
2.1
1.3
0.5
4.0
2.8
3.5
3.2
1.8
19. (
4.3
3.4
3.1
0.9
4.4
3.9
11.4
5.4
1.1
0.6
8.5
C)
13.1
13.0
16.3
11.5
21.1
5.6
C)
Per
cent-
age
of il-
liter-
acy
In the
gen-
eral
popu-
lation .
16.0
7.8
7.6
8.0
1.2
13.5
32.5
17.4
9.2
9.2
9.6
1.7
9.7
34.8
13.2
7.2
5.8
5.6
7.7
25.6
33.1
6.9
5.0
2.9
3.6
1.2
12.5
8.0
3.0
2.4
0.4
0.4
0.5
8.0
6.3
■ Percentage not shown where base is less than 100.
MARITAL CONDITION.
In the following table the insane in hospitals are
classified by marital condition and sex :
Table 4T.
INSANE IN hospitals: 1910.
MARITAL CONDITION.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
.Admitted during
the year.
Male.
Female.
Male.
Female.
Total.. . .
98,695
89,096
34 116 56 6.«i.^
Single...
62,683
26,047
5,405
1,040
3,520
37,115
35,975
12,672
1,368
1,966
1 16,501
13,379
2,588
527
1,121
8 907
Married
12,839
Widowed
3 949
459
Compared with the total adult population the insane
in hospitals comprise a largo percentage of single
persons and a small percentage of married. The con-
trast for each se.x is shown by Table 48.
The difference as regards marital condition between
the insane and the general population is most striking
for males. Of the male insane in hospitals on January
1, 1910, 63.5 j)er cent were single, while of the total
male population over 15 years of age only 38.7 per
cent were single; of the former, 26.4 per cent were
married and of the latter, 55.8 per cent. The difference
in age between the two classes emphasizes this con-
trast as regards marital condition. Of the male insane
enumerated 75 per cent were over 35 years of age —
that is to say, that proportion had reached the period
of life in which the majority of men have entered the
married state; of the total male population 15 years of
age and over, on the other hand, only about 47 per
cent were above 35. Therefore, so far as the factor of
age is concerned, the insane should normally comprise
a larger percentage of married men and a smaller per-
centage of single men than the total adult male popu-
lation. In fact, if in each age group the percentages
married and single for the male insane present in hos-
])itals on January 1, 1910, had been the same as they
were for the total male population of the same age, the
total number of single males among the insane would
have been only 19,741 instead of 62,683, and the per-
centage single would have been only 20.4 instead of
48
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
63.5. This measures, roughly speaking, the differ-
ence between insane and normal men as regards mar-
ital condition, the insane in this comparison being
represented by those present in hospitals on a given
day.
Table 48
PEE CENT DISTBIBtmoN BY MARITAL CONDITION.
MAEITAL
Male
adult
popu-
lation.
Male insane.
Female
adult
popu-
lation.
Female Insane.
CONDITION.
In hos-
pitals
Jan. 1,
1910.
.Admitted
to hos-
pitals
in 1910.
In hos-
pitals
Jan. 1,
1910.
Admitted
to hos-
pitals
in 1910.
Total
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
3S.7
55.8
4.5
0.5
0.5
63.5
26.4
5.5
1.1
3.0
48.4
39.2
7.6
1.5
3.3
29.7
68.9
10.6
0.6
0.2
41.7
40.4
14.2
1.5
2.2
33.4
Married .
48 2
Widowed
11.8
Divorced. .. .
1 7
UnKnown
1.9
The large percentage of single persons among the
insane enumerated on January 1, 1910, is not to be
interpreted as indicating that the single are more
liable to become insane than the married. It means
rather that the insane as compared with the normal are
less likely to marry. Some forms of insanity act as a
natural barrier to marriage. Moreover, in most states
the marriage of an insane person is prohibited b}^ law,
and the probability is that most of the insane who have
been married were married before insanity developed.
The contrast between the insane and the general
population as regards marital condition is not as
marked for females as it is for males, but the per-
centage single is nevertheless appreciably higher among
the female insane present in hospitals than in the total
adult female population — 41.7 per cent as compared
with 29.7 per cent. That the percentage single is
smaller for females than for males both among the
insane and in the general population is a result of the
fact that women marry at a younger age than men,
and this same fact is probably one reason why, as just
noted, the difference between the insane and the gen-
eral population as regards the percentage who are
single is not so great in the case of females as it is for
males; that is to say, since women marry younger than
men, they are more hkely than men to marry before
they reach the age at which insanity develops.
The percentage single was much smaller among the
insane admitted to hospitals during 1910 than it was
among the inmates present on January 1. Of the
males admitted 48.4 per cent were single, as compared
with 63.5 per cent of those present on January 1; of
the females admitted 33.4 per cent were single and of
those present on January 1, 41.7 per cent. On first
consideration it might be supposed that the proportion
single would be smaller among the inmates present
than among the admissions because the former, many
of whom have been in hospitals a considerable length
of time, are as a class older than the persons just ad-
mitted; and in the general population the older any
group is, the smaller is the proportion single and the
larger the proportion married, or wdowed or divorced.
This is an inevitable result of the obvious fact that in
the general population as each generation grows older
the marriages which occur reduce the number of single
persons and add to the number who are or have been
maiTied. In the case of the insane, however, marriages
practically cease after insanity develops and absolutely
so after admission to an asylum; so that the principal
influence affectmg the proportion married or single is the
loss by deaths and discharges, which affect aU marital
classes, but probably in different degrees. The death
rate is very high among theinsanc, anditis notimprob-
able that it may reduce the number married or widowed
faster than the number single, for the reason that the
former are older than the latter; in so far as that is the
case it would result in a larger percentage of single
persons among the inmates present on a given day than
among those admitted.
Table 49 gives the per cent distribution by marital
condition of the insane in each geographic division.
Xable 49
INSANE m hospitals: 1910.
nn'isioN.
Male: Per cent-
Female: Per cent —
Sin-
gle.
Mar-
ried.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Sin-
gle.
Mar-
ried.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
ENUMERATED ON JANUART I.
United States
63.5
26.4
5.5
1.1
41.7
40.4
14.2
1.5
63.7
63.5
59.9
65.0
65.2
61.2
62.4
6S.3
70.5
27.6
2S.2
28.
25.0
24.9
28.1
28.1
19.2
17.4
6.4
6.7
5.4
5.1
5.8
5.3
6.4
4.2
3.9
1.2
0.5
1.7
1.7
0.5
0.4
0.4
1.2
1.4
48.2
45.1
37.5
38.9
45.7
38.9
34.6
28.2
33.7
35.2
38.1
42.7
44.7
37.7
39.7
46.6
52.4
44.0
14.4
15.1
13.2
12.4
14.0
15.1
16.1
13.3
15.4
1.6
Middle Atlantic
East North Central...
West North Central...
South Atlantic
East South Central...
West South Central...
Mountain
0.8
2.4
2.4
0.7
0.9
1.1
2.3
Pacific
3.2
ADMITTED DURING THE TEAR.
United States
48.4
39.2
7.6
1.5
33.4
48.2
14.8
1.7
49.2
48.4
41.0
50.2
46.4
44.7
49.8
55. 2
59.9
39.0
41.1
41.9
38.2
40.7
40.1
40.9
30.7
26.3
8.7
7.9
7.0
7.7
8.9
8.0
5.5
6.5
5.9
1.7
0.8
2.7
1.8
0.6
0.6
0.5
2.4
2.4
39.5
35.8
30.4
34.5
34.1
30.5
26.6
24.5
27.0
42.2
45.7
49.8
48.4
47.1
60.9
58.4
60.1
53.2
15.4
16.7
14.1
13.5
16.4
12.7
11.4
8.8
14.5
1.8
Middle Atlantic
East North Central . . .
West North Central...
South Atlantic
East South Central...
West South Central...
1.0
2.9
2.2
0.6
1.1
0.9
2.9
Pacific... .. ..
2.8
OCCUPATIONS.
The occupation prior to admission was reported for
29,428 of the 34,116 males admitted to hospitals for
the msane in the year 1910 (see Table 22, p. 150). The
total number reported included 6,058, general laborers
or "laborers (not otherwise specified)," 5,406 farmers,
and 1,399 agricultural laborers. These are the three
leading occupations and account for more than two-
fiftlis of the total number of males for whom an occu-
pation was returned. The number classified as en-
gaged in agriculture, forestry, or animal husbandry was
7,335. This class consists principally of farmers and
agricultural laborers whose numbers have just been
given. In manufacturing and mechanical pursuits the
number was nearly the same, being 7,048. In trans-
CITY AND COUNTRY.
49
portation it was 1,589; in trade, 2,568; in public serv-
ice, 410; in professional service, 1 ,271 ; and in domestic
and personal service, 1,350.
In a general way the occupational classification of
the male insane will correspond to that of the total
male population. Occupations represented by large
numbers in the general population will naturally be
leading occupations for the insane, and similarly the
occupations of minor importance vnll be the same in
botli classifications. Any distinctive features which
may differentiate the occupational classification of the
male insane from that of the total male population
can not, at least without further question, be accepted
as a proof that certain occupations are more likely to
bring on insanity than others. The occupational dis-
tribution of the insane is no doubt afliected by their
geographic distribution, by the fact that aa compared
with the total population a larger proportion of the
insane come from cities and industrial centers and a
smaller proportion fi-om the rural and agricultural dis-
tricts, by the fact that as a class they comprise rela-
tively fewer young people and more old people, or by
other causes which are either quite independent of oc-
cupational influences or have only a remote or indirect
connection with them. This is not to deny that occu-
pations may have a direct influence on the liability to
insanity. No doubt they do; but the influence is too
obscure and too much complicated by other factors to
be revealed by any study or analysis of available occu-
pational statistics.
Of the 26,653 female insane admitted to hospitals
in the year 1910, 7,061, or 26.5 per cent, were re-
ported as having had an occupation prior to admission
(see p. 153). This does not include the women re-
ported as doing housework at home. For 3,030 the
occupation returned was that of domestic servant;
565 were reported as housekeepers or stewardesses;
590, as clothing makers; and 414, as teachers, profes-
sors, or school principals.
CITY AND COUNTRY.
At the census of 1910 the insane admitted to hos-
pitals were for the first time classified with reference
to the size or population of the places from which they
came, the basis of classification being the answers to
two questions on the schedules, one askmg whether
the insane person came from ' ' a distinctly rural com-
munity" and the other asking for the name of the
village, to\vn, or city from wliich he came, in case he
did not come from a rural community. In tabulating
the returns on this subject incorporated places having
a population of less than 2,500 were included m the
same class with the distbictly rural communities, in
order that the classification might agree with that
which the Bureau of the Census apphcd to the general
population of the United States. Table 50 summa-
rizes the statistics and also shows the distribution of
27G22°— 14 ■}
the total population of the United States among the
different classes of communities.
Table 50
Total
population:
1910.
INSANE ADMITTED
TO HOSPITALS:
1910.
CLASS OF COMMUNITIES.
Number.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Total
91,972,266
60,769
66.1
42,623,383
36,654
86.0
Cities of—
500,000 and over
11,511,841
8,790,297
4,178,915
4,062.763
5,609,208
8,470,359
43,348,883
11,829
7,901
3,228
3,515
4,239
5,942
20,442
3,673
102.8
100,000 to 500,000
89.9
50,000 to 100,000
77.2
25,000 to 50,001)
86. S
10,000 to 25 ,oon
75.6
2,500 to 10,000
70.2
Rural comniunlties .
41.4
Not reported
Of the 60,769 persons admitted to insane asylums in
1910, 20,442 came from rural communities and 36,654
from places having 2,500 or more inhabitants, while for
3,673 the place of residence was not reported. From
rural commimities, including all incorporated places of
less than 2,500 inhabitants, the ratio of admissions was
41.4 per 100,000 population; from cities, comprising all
incorporated places having more than 2,500 inhabitants,
the ratio was more than twice as high, being 86 per
100,000. The number of insane coming from the class
of smallest cities — those having from 2,500 to 10,000
inhabitants — is equivalent to a ratio of 70.2 per 100,000
persons livmg m those cities ; and with one interruption
the ratio regularly' advances with the increasing size of
the cities which make up the several classes until it
reaches the maximum of 102.8 per 100,000 for the class
of largest cities — those haxang more than 500,000
inhabitants.
Table 51 gives the ratios of admissions from urban
and rural communities by geographic divisions.
Table 51
raSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
DIVI.SION.
From urban
communities.
From nii'al
communities.
Prior
Number.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per
100.000
popula-
tion.
dence
not re-
ported.
United States
36,654
86.0
20, 442
41.4
3,673
New England
5,804
11,857
8,132
2,898
2,968
1,058
1,096
924
1,917
106,4
86,4
84,6
74.8
96.0
67.2
56,0
97.5
80,5
1,009
2,548
4,608
3,856
3,040
2,264
1,758
549
810
91,9
45,6
53.4
49.7
33.4
33,1
25.8
32.6
44.8
173
Middle Atlantic
264
451
West North Central
705
South Atlantic
717
E'lst Sout h Central
353
114
1.50
736
1
In every division tliti ratio of admissions to the total
population is decidedly higher for the urban than for
the nu"al population, and in most divisions the contrast
in this respect between urban and rural communities is
50
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
nearly or quite as marked as it is for the country as a
whole. The difference is very marked in the South and
West. It is least marked in New England, partly,
perhaps, because for that division the census distinc-
tion between urban and rural communities is made on
a somewhat different basis from that employed for
other sections of the United States, the result being
that the "urban" areas of New England include a con-
siderable population which in other sections would be
classified as rural. ^
Table 52 shows the ratio of admissions per 100,000
population for rural cormuunities and classes of cities
by geographic divisions. In five of the geogi-aphic
divisions the ratio is highest for the class of largest
cities — those having over 100,000 mhabitants. In the
West North Central, West South Central, and Pacific
divisions, however, the highest ratio is that for cities
of from 50,000 to 100,000 mhabitants, and in the East
South Central it is that for cities of from 10,000 to
50,000. With one exception, appearing in New Eng-
land, the ratio is invariably lower in rural communities
than it is in any of the four classes of cities.
Table 52
insane admitted to hospitals pek 100,000
population: 1910.
From urban communities.
DIVISIOK.
Total.
Cities having a population of—
From
rural
com-
100,000
and
over.
50.000
to
100,000.
10.0 00
to
50,000.
2.500
to
10.000.
muni-
ties.
86.0
97.2
77.2
80.2
70.2
106.4
88.4
84.6
74. S
96.0
67.2
66.0
97.5
80.5
148.7
94.4
90.4
79.9
116. 2
72.4
64.0
180.4
88.3
94.1
68.2
69.0
84.3
88. 9
60.1
65.7
46.4
124.2
97.2
78. 7
83.2
72.0
89.7
75. S
45.5
90.5
53.2
73.8
69.5
77.2
66.0
74.8
64.7
55.2
66.9
76.5
Middle Atlantic
45 6
53.4
West North Central ...
49 7
South Atlantic
33.4
33.1
25.8
32.6
Pacific ...
44.8
In general, these statistics indicate that there is
relatively more insanity m cities than in country dis-
tricts and in large cities than in smaU cities, although
to some extent the differences may be accounted for
by differences between city and country as regards the
tendency to place cases of insanity under institutional
care. The figures may also be affected in some degree
by the accident of the location of the hospitals for the
insane. Studies made in New York state show that
the proportion of admissions from a coimty in which a
hospital is located is always greater than from other
counties and that the proportion decreases with the
' The reason for this is that within the New England town, which
is ordinarily the smallest political unit in that section, there are fre-
quently included one or more unincorporated villages or cities
which have no distinct political existence or definite boundaries.
Accordingly, their population was not enumerated separately by
the census, but each town was cla.ssified as urban or rural with
reference to its aggregate population.
distance from the hospitals. The influence of tliis
factor upon the comparison between city and country,
however, would not everywhere be uniform. Whether
it tended to increase the ratio of admissions from
country districts or that from city districts would
depend entirely upon the location of the hospitals.
Probably it does not go very far toward explaining the
higher ratio of admissions from the urban population.
Sex. — The following table gives separately the num-
ber of males and females admitted to hospitals and
also the ratio of admissions from each class of com-
munities per 100,000 population of the same sex.
The ratio of admissions to liospitals for the insane
is higher for urban than for rural communities for both
males and females, and the difference is about as
marked for one sex as for the other (see Table 53).
It follows that the difference between the sexes with
regard to this ratio is about as marked in urban com-
munities as it is in rural, the one statement being a
corollary of the other. In either class of communities
the ratio for males is about one-fourth larger than that
for females; and for either sex the ratio in urban com-
munities is rather more than twice as high as it is in
rural communities.
Table 53
INSANE ADMriTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
Male.
Female.
Number.
Per
100,000
male pop-
ulation.
Number.
Per
100,000
female
popula-
tion.
Total
34,116
72.1
26,653
59.7
20,274
94.3
16,380
77.5
Cities of—
10, 718
1,828
4,417
3,311
11,673
2,169
104.7
86.4
90.8
77.4
45.2
9,012
1,400
3,337
2,631
8,769
1,504
89. S
50,000 to 100.000 .
67.8
10,000 to 50,000
69.4
2,500 to 10,000
62.7
Rural communities
37.3
. ..
In the several geographic divisions this relationship
is by no means uniform, or the same as it is for the
United States as a whole, although the ratio for either
sex is invariably liigher for urban than for rural com-
munities and for either class of communities is invari-
ably higher for males than for females (see Table 54).
New England comes nearest to being an exception
to this rule, as the ratio of admissions from the rural
communities of that division is only slightly higher
for males than for females. There are, however,
several geographic divisions besides New England in
which, according to this ratio, the contrast between
the sexes as regards admission to hospitals for the
insane appears to be less marked in rural than in
urban communities, this being the case, in fact, in
all divisions east of the Mississippi except the Middle
Atlantic.
CITY AND COUNTRY.
51
Table 54
INSANE admitted TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
DIVISION AND SEX.
From urban
communities.
From niral
coinmunilies.
Prior
*
Number.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
dence
not re-
ported.
United Ptates:
Male
20,274
16,380
94.3
77.5
11,673
8,709
45.2
37.3
2,169
Female . . .
1,504
New England:
Male
2,995
2,809
6,2.10
5,027
4,693
3,439
1,615
1,253
1,655
1,313
633
425
560
536
62.5
299
1.238
679
111.1
101.8
90.5
82.3
96.1
72.7
83.1
66.1
110.4
82.4
82.8
52.5
56.9
55.1
124.2
67.3
95.2
62.8
527
4S2
1,463
1,085
2,563
2,045
2,263
1,593
1,6.33
1,407
1,224
1,040
1,002
756
429
120
569
241
92.7
91.1
49.9
40.8
66.9
49.6
55.0
43.6
35.2
31.5
35.2
31.0
28.1
23.1
44.0
16.9
53.4
32.4
110
Female
63
Middle Atlantic:
Male
173
Female
91
East North Central:
Male
292
159
West North Centilu.:
Male
272
Female
433
South .\tlantic:
Male
442
Female . . .
275
East South Central:
Male
212
151
West South Central:
Male
60
Female , .
54
Mountain:
Male
80
Female
70
Pacific:
Male
528
208
Race and nativity. — Table 55 gives, by race and na-
tivity, the ratio of admissions from urban and from
rural connnunities for the United States as a whole.
Table 55
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
RACE AND NATTVITT.
From urban
communities.
From niral
communities.
Prior
Number.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
residence
not re-
ported.
Total
36,654
86.0
20,442
41.4
3,673
Wliite.
34,450
86.5
18,454
44.0
3,278
Native ,
22, 2.i7
73.7
15,263
284
2,907
1,923
41
24
40.0
2,109
Nativity unknown
Foreign bom
423
11,770
2,098
7
99
323
122.2
78.0
58.7
109.6
78.4
26.9
16.2
42.4
846
Negro
363
Indian
3
29
For each race or nativity class the ratio is much
higher for urban communities than for rural. The
difference — measured by the percentage by which one
ratio exceeds the other — ^is much more marked for
negroes than for whites, and rather more marked for
the native whites than for the foreign-born whites.
Viewed from another standpoint, the figures show
that the difference between the negroes and whites
as regards the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the
insane is greater in rural communities than in urban,
as is also the difference in this respect between the
native and the foreign-born whites.
Table 56 gives, for the native white and foreign-
born white insane, the number and ratio of admis-
sions from the different groups of cities and from
rural communities. For each natitivy class — the
native and the foreign born — the ratio is liighest for
the group of largest cities — those having over 100,000
inhabitants — and smallest for the rural districts; and
for each group of cities the ratio of admissions is
much higher for the foreign-born than for the native
population, the difference being most marked for the
cities of largest size, from which the ratio of admis-
sions is about 66 per cent larger for the foreign-born
white than it is for the native white. The difference
however, is still more marked in the admissions from
the rm-al communities, for which the ratio for the
foreign born is nearly twice that for the native.
Table 66
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
CLASS OP COMMUNITIES.
Native white.
Foreign-bom while.
Number.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per
100,000
popular
tion.
Total
39,629
57.9
15,523
116.3
Urban communities
22, 257
73.7
11,770
12^ 2
Cities of—
100,000 and over
10,734
2,031
5,218
4,274
15,263
2,109
80.1
68.0
72.6
64.6
40.0
7,72:i
922
1,939
1,186
2,907
846
50,000 to 100,000
103 8
10,000 to 50,000
2,500 to 10,000
100 7
Not reported
One tlifficulty, however, about all comparisons of
this kind as applied to the United States as a whole is
that the urban population and the rural are very dif-
ferently distributed over the territoiy of the United
States. New England and, the Middle Atlantic divi-
sions together include 45 per cent of the total urban
population of the United States, as compared ^vith
only 13.5 per cent of the rural population. If to
these two di\Tsions is added the East North Central
the combined area includes 67.6 per cent, or about two-
thii'ds, of the urban population, but only 31 per cent,
or less than one-thnd, of the rural population. The
three southern divisions, on the other hand, contain
a much smaller proportion of the urban population
than of the rural — 15.5 per cent of the one as compared
with 46.1 per cent of the other. The characteristics
of the rural population of the United States, there-
fore, are affected to a large degree by conditions
peculiar to the South, while those of the lu'ban popu-
lation largely reflect conditions in the North and
East; and, in general, any comparison between urban
and rural population is to a considerable extent a
comparison between the North and East on the one
hand and the South and West on the other. There-
52
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
fore it not infrequently happens that the contrasts
between urban and rural population which appear in
statistics covering the entii-e United States may not
be so apparent or so marked in the statistics for the
several geographic divisions.
Of course, on the other hand, a comparison by geo-
graphic divisions may develop contrasts or differ-
ences which counterbalance each other and thus do
not appear in statistics covering the entire United
States.
The statistics by geographic divisions, given in Table
57, present no noteworthy exceptions to the rule that
the ratio of admissions for each race and nativity
class is much higher from urban communities than
from rural. But it can not be said that the contrast
between the two classes of coromunities is invariably
more marked for negroes than for whites, or more
marked for the native whites than for the foreign
born. On the contrary, there is considerable diversity
in these respects.
Table 57
INSANE admitted TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
DIVISION, AND KACE AND
NATIVITY.
insane ADMrrTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
DIVISION, AND KACE AND
NATIVITY.
From urban
oommunities.
From rural
communities.
Prior
resi-
dence
not re-
ported.
From urban \
communities.
From mral
communities.
Prior
resi-
Number.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Number.
Per
100.000
popula-
tion.
dence
not re-
ported.
UNTTED STATES.
Total'
36,654
86.0
20,442
41.4
3,673
3,278
2,109
846
363
South Atlantic.
Total'
2,968
96.0
3,040
33.4
717
White'
34,450
22,257
11,770
2,098
86.5
73.7
122.2
78.0
18,454
15,263
2,907
1,923
44.0
40.0
78.4
26.9
White 2
2,183
1,911
248
784
1,058
100.1
96.1
129.3
86.2
67.2
2,023
1,956
54
1.017
2,264
34.3
33.8
54.7
31.8
33.1
614
550
50
99
Native
Foreign bom
Negro
Negro
New England
Total'
5,804
106.4
1,009
91.9
173
East Sooth Centeal.
Total'
363
TTTl,-*
5,692
3,407
2,245
90
11,857
105.6
91.7
133.9
147.8
86.4
999
843
150
10
2,548
91.6
88.5
108.9
184.2
45.6
171
119
43
2
264
Whlte^
816
746
63
242
1,096
76.6
74.1
108.7
47.5
56.0
1,725
1,713
10
537
.,758
36.8
36.8
34.6
25.1
25.8
191
Native
178
Foreign bom
12
171
Middle Atlantic.
Total'
West South Centeal.
Total '
114
11,448
6,507
4,896
392
8.132
85.6
69.8
120.9
115.6
84.6
2,508
2,052
442
36
4,608
45.5
43.4
56.9
45.8
53.4
253
128
95
11
451
White 2
975
804
144
117
924
64.3
58.3
105.3
26.8
97.5
1,549
1,445
80
197
549
29.8
28.9
37.7
12.7
32.6
! 85
Native
72
■ 6
Negro .
29
East Nohth Centbal.
Total'
Mountain.
Total'
1 150
White'
7,874
5,284
2.421
246
2,898
83.9
73.5
110.6
106.7
74.8
4,553
3,634
846
49
3,856
53.3
47.4
96.4
69.7
49.7
4i0
285
98
9
705
897
579
299
25
1,917
97.0
77.1
107.5
161.9
80.5
531
348
172
3
810
33.3
26.1
65.3
49.8
44.8
149
79
44
1
736
Native
Foreign bom
Negro
West Nobth Central.
Pacific.
Total 1
White 2.
White 2
2,724
1.953
702
165
73.5
63.5
lU.l
100.4
3,779
2,790
862
68
49.4
41.9
87.8
86.8
677
327
226
27
1,841
1,066
752
37
80.2
60.4
142.3
151.9
787
482
291
6
45.5
34.5
87.4
124.1
698
Native
Native
371
272
Negro
14
' Includes colored persons other than negroes.
- Includes whites of uninown nativity not shown separately in this table.
In the New England and Middle Atlantic divisions
the difference between urban and rural communities
is less marked in the case of the native whites than it
is for the foreign-born whites. This is indicative of
the fact that the difference between the native whites
and the foreign-born whites as regards the ratio of
admissions to hospitals for the insane is less in rural
communities than in urban. This is also the case in
the South Central divisions. In all the remaining
divisions, however, the difference is the other way, or
the same as it is for the United States as a whole, the
divergence between the native and the foreign-born
whites being less in urban communities than in rural.
In each of the three southern di^^sions the differ-
ence between urban and rural communities as regards
the ratio of admissions to hospitals for the insane is
somewhat less marked for the negroes than for the
whites; and the difference between whites and negroes
in this respect is less in rural than in urban communi-
ties. Outside the South a similar comparison gives
very diverse results in different divisions, but the
number of negroes in the coimtry districts is so small
that the difference in the ratios can not be regarded
as significant.
States. — Table 58 gives the ratio of admissions from
urban and rural communities in the several states. It
should be remembered that in this tabulation the insane
admitted to hospitals in any given state are all credited
to the population of that state, although some of them
may have come from other states. This element of
GENERAL PARALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS.
53
error, however, is probably not great enough to affect
the ratios materially except in the case of the District
of Columbia, where, as already noted, a large propor-
tion of the inmates of the Government Hospital for the
Insane come from outside the District.
The ratio is higher for urban communities than for
rural in all but seven states, the exceptions including
four New England states, namely. New Hampshire,
Vermont, Rhode Island, and Connecticut, and outside
New England the states of Minnesota, Arkansas, and
Wyoming.
Table 58
DIVISION AND STATE.
United States . .
geograpmc divisions:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central.
West North Central.
South Atlantic
East South Central.
West South Central.
Mountain
Pacific
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South -Vtlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
District 01 Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
-Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
MotJNTUN:
Montana
Idaho
Wvoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
PACmc:
Washington
Orecon
California
mSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
From urban
communities.
Per
Number.
100,000
popula-
tion.
36,654
86.0
5,804
106.4
n,SS7
86.4
8,132
84.6
2,S98
74.8
2,9&S
96.0
1.058
67.2
1,096
56.0
924
97.5
1,917
80.5
285
74.7
187
73.3
115
68.1
3.S26
122. 4
442
84.2
949
94.9
7.290
101.5
1,256
65.9
3,311
71.5
2,281
85.6
641
56.0
2,854
82. 1
!,OfiS
80.5
1,288
128. 2
528
62.1
611
89.8
1.153
82.4
32
50.6
28
36.5
116
37.3
430
87.1
83
S5.5
859
130.5
479
144.7
422
88.6
157
68.8
190
59.7
261
116.1
4n
76.3
106
48.4
477
85.9
270
61.2
227
61.3
84
40.5 1
28
13.8
262
52.8
169
.52.8
637
67.9
165
123.7
57
81.5
11
25.5
493
121.8
29
62.3
80
126.5
68
39.3
21
15?. 1
587
96.9
313
101.9
1,017
69.2
From rural
commimities.
Number.
1,009
2,548
4,608
3,856
3, WO
2,264
1.758
549
810
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
221
132
1.50
285
45
176
1,192
348
1,008
966
588
1,047
870
1,137
819
846
1,101
174
no
2S2
464
43
353
1
784
310
389
349
699
112
666
523
556
519
224
174
539
821
102
116
31
132
55
50
28
35
253
214
343
91.9
45.6
53.4
49.7
33.4
33.1
25.8
32.6
44.8
61.2
75.2
80.2
118.2
250.6
153.2
61.8
55.2
33.2
46.0
37.8
48.4
58.7
85.5
66.8
54.8
58.1
33.9
33.5
32.0
38.8
40.9
55.4
(')
49.5
31.2
20.6
27.0
33.8
21.0
38.4
30.0
31.5
32.6
16.3
15.0
40.3
27.8
42.0
4.5.4
30.2
33.5
19.6
35.4
14.0
51.1
47.2
58.5
37.8
Prior
resi-
dence
not re-
ported.
3,673
173
264
451
705
717
363
114
150
736
3
7
5
125
3
30
48
36
180
89
41
152
36
133
78
54
525
18
6
13
11
1
61
117
28
28
337
36
2
107
84
139
48
92
3
55
3S
21
11
30
44
63
029
I No basis upon which to compute ratio.
GENERAL PARALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS.
On the schedule for reporting admissions was a
question asking whether the patient was suflfering from
either general paralysis or alcohohc psychosis. Gen-
eral paralysis of the insane is indicative of syphihs,
being one form of syphilitic brain diseases, while alco-
holic psychosis is brought on by the excessive use of
alcohohc drinks. The instructions for filhng out the
schedules contained the foUowing definition regard-
ing the use of the term "alcoholic psychosis":
By "alcoholic psychosis" is meant one of the mental diseases
which, by their characteristic symptoms, are known to be the
direct result of alcoholic intemperance. Cases of mental disease
in which alcoholic intemperance is only one of the etiological
factors and cases merely associated with alcoholic intemperance
should not be reported under alcoholic psychosis.
The number of reported cases of general paralysis
and alcohohc psychosis among the admissions to hos-
pitals for the insane in 1910 is shown in the following
table:
Table 59
insane admitted to
hospitals: 1910.
CLASS.
Number.
Per cent
distribu-
tion.
Per
100,000
popula-
tion.
Total
60,769
100.0
66.1
Having either general paralysis or alcoholic
psychosis
10,207
16.8
11.1
Having general paralysis
3,884
6,122
201
50,562
6.4
10.1
0.3
83.2
4.2
6.7
0.2
55.0
Having both diseases
Another
Of the 60,769 msane admitted to hospitals in 1910,
6,122, or 10.1 per cent of the total number, were
suffering from alcoholic psychosis, and 3,884, or 6.4
per cent, from general paralysis. In the aggregate,
16.8 per cent, or about one-sixth, of the insane ad-
mitted to hospitals in 1910 were victims of one or the
other of these diseases.
The number of cases of general paralysis and alco-
holic psychosis in the admissions to hospitals in 1910
was equivalent to a ratio of 11.1 per 100,000 popula-
tion; the number of other cases of msanity repre-
sented a ratio of 55 per 100,000. Of course, the sum
of these two ratios Ls the ratio of total admissions to
the total population, 66.1 per 100,000.
As indicated by Table 60, in proportion to the total
number of uisane admitted to hospitals the reported
cases of general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis
were most numerous in the Mountain division, such
cases representmg 24.5 per cent of the total number
of admissions reported for that division. Tlie Middle
Atlantic division ranks second in this respect, the
percentage in that division being 20.4. At the other
extreme are the two South Central divisions, in which
54
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
only a little over 10 per cent of the total admissions
were reported as cases of general paralysis or alcoholic
psychosis.
Table 60
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
DIVISION.
Total.
Ilaving general paralysis or
alcoholic psychosis.
Total.
General
paraly^
sis.
Alco-
holic
ohosis.
Both
dis-
eases.
All
other.
NUMBEK.
United States
60,769
10,207
3,884
6,122
201
50,562
New England .. ...
6,986
14,669
13,191
7,459
6,725
3,685
2,968
1,623
3,463
1,278
2,987
2,329
1,029
857
402
303
398
624
360
1,335
965
417
287
130
50
163
177
898
1,613
1,321
679
538
268
239
225
441
20
39
43
33
32
4
14
10
6
5 70.K
Middle Atlantic
11,682
East North Central
10 86"^
West North Central
South Atlantic
6,430
6,868
3,283
2,665
1,225
2 839
West South Central
Mountain
Pacific.
PEl
I CENT or TOTAL INSANE
ADMITTED.
United States
100.0
16.8
6.4
10.1
0.3
83 2
100.0
100.0
100
100,0
100
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
18.3
20.4
17.7
13.8
12.7
10.9
10.2
24.5
IS.O
5.2
9.1
7.3
5.6
4.3
3.5
1.7
10.0
5.1
12.9
11.0
10.0
7.8
8.0
7.3
8.1
13.9
12.7
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.1
0.5
0.6
0.2
SI 7
Middle Atlantic
79 6
East North Central .
82 3
West North Central
86 2
South Atlantic
87.3
East South Central
West South Central
89.8
Pacific
82
VUMBEE PEE 100,000 POPt
LATION.
United States
66.1
11.1
4.2
6.7
0.2
55.0
New England
106.6
75.9
72.3
64.1
55.1
43.8
33.8
61.6
82.6
19.5
15.5
12.8
8.8
7.0
4.8
3.4
15.1
14.9
5.5
6.9
5.3
3.6
2.4
1.5
0.6
6.2
4.2
13.7
8.4
7.2
5.0
4.4
3.2
2.7
8.5
10.5
0.3
0.2
0.2
0.3
0.3
10.0
0.2
0.4
0.1
87 1
Middle Atlantic
60.5
East North Central
West North Central
59.5
55.3
South Atlantic
48.1
East South Central
39.0
West South Central. .
30.3
46.5
Pacific
67.7
' More exactly, 0.04.
In proportion to the total population, cases of
general paralysis and alcoholic psychosis were most
numerous in New England, the ratio being 19.5 per
100,000. The Middle Atlantic division ranks second,
with a ratio of 15.5 per 100,000, and the Mountain
division third, with a ratio of 15.1 per 100,000.
It may be noted that the rank of the divisions
according to the ratio of cases of general paralysis
differs considerably from that according to the ratio
of cases of alcoholic psychosis. In New England, for
uistance, the latter ratio is higher than in any other
division, while as regards the ratio for general paralysis
there are two divisions having higher rank than New
England. This division, therefore, ranks firet accord-
ing to the ratio for alcoholic psychosis and third accord-
ing to the ratio for general paralysis, while the Middle
Atlantic division, which ranlcs fourth according to the
former ratio, ranks first according to the latter.
It would be very difficult and probably impossible
to account for all the variations exhibited by these
ratios in this comparison by geographic divisions.
The causes affecting them are too multiplex and too
obscure. Doubtless to some extent it is a question
of differences in the provisions for the institutional
care of the insane and in the law and practice regard-
ing their commitment to institutions; and to some
extent it is affected by the accuracy and completeness
of the diagnosis of these diseases in different institu-
tions. It is also a question of variations in the com-
position of the population as regards race, sex, and
age, and in the proportion of the total population
hving in large cities. Some hght upon the influence
of these factors may, however, be obtained from the
analysis of the data presented in the text and tables
which follow in this section.
Oity and country. — The following table shows that
the cases of insanity caused by alcohohc psychosis and
general paralysis are relatively more numerous in the
city than in the country:
Table 61
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
RESIDENCE PRIOR TO
ADMISSION.
Total.
Having general paralvsis or
alcoholic psychosis.
Total.
Gen-
eral
paraly-
sis.
Alco-
holic
psy-
chosis.
Both
dis-
eases.
AU
other.
NTJMREE.
Total . . .
60,709
10,207
3,884
6,122
201
60,562
Urban communities. ..
36,654
19,730
3,228
7,754
5,942
20, 442
3,673
7,691
4,521
709
1,478
983
2,119
397
2,987
1,958
237
467
325
775
122
4,553
2,470
403
979
641
1,302
237
151
93
9
32
17
42
8
28,963
15,209
2,519
6,276
4,959
18,323
Cities of 100,000 and over. . .
Cities of 50,000 to 100,000 ... .
Cities of 10.000 to .50,000
Cities of 2,500 to 10,000
Ruriil communities
Prior residence not reported . .
3,276
PER CENT OF TOTAL ADMITTED.
Total
100.0
16.8
6.4
10.1
0.3
83.2
100
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
21.0
22.9
22.0
19.1
16.5
10.4
10.8
8.1
9.9
7.3
6.0
5.5
3.8
3.3
12.4
12.5
14.3
12.6
10.8
6.4
7.3
0.4
0.5
0.3
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.2
79.0
77.1
78.0
80.9
83.5
89 6
Cities of 100,000 and over. . .
Cities of 50,000 to 100,000 . . .
Cities of 10,000 to 50.000....
Cities of 2,500 to 10,000
Rural communities .
Prior residence not reported . .
89.2
NUMBER PER 100,000 POFtttATION.
Total
66.1
11.1
4.2
6.7
0.2
86.0
97.2
77.2
80.2
70.2
41.4
18.0
22.3
17.0
15.3
11.6
4.3
7.0
9.6
5.7
4.8
3.8
1.6
10.7
12.2
11.1
10.1
7.6
2.6
0.4
0.5
0.2
0.3
0.2
0.1
Cities of 100,000 and over. . .
Cities of 50,000 to 100,000...
Cities of 10,000 to 50.000 . . . .
Cities of 2,500 to 10,000
Rural communities
74.9
60.3
64.9
58.5
37 1
Of the insane admitted to hospitab in 1910 coming
from urban communities 21 per cent, or more than
one-fifth, were suffering from either alcoholic psychosis
or general paralysis; but of those coming from rural
communities only 10.4 per cent, or one-tenth, had
these diseases. The percentage suffering from general
paralysis increases with the increasing size of the cities
as here classified. Of the insane admitted from rural
communities 3.8 per cent had this disease, and of
those from cities of from 2,500 to 10,000 inhabitants
5.5 per cent; but for cities of over 100,000 inhabitants
the percentage was 9.9. The percentage suffering
GENERAL PARALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS.
55
from alcoholic psychosis, although markedly higher for
urban than for rural communities, does not regularly
increase with increase in population; it reaches its
maximum in cities of from 50,000 to 100,000 inhab-
itants, and falls off in cities of over 100,000 to prac-
tically the same figure as that for cities of 10,000 to
50,000.
The ratios given in the third section of Table 61 indi-
cate that in proportion to population urban commu-
nities contribute to the hospitals for the insane more
than four tunes as many victims of these diseases as
rural communities, the ratio being IS per 100,000
population in one case as compared with 4.3 per
100,000 in the other. The remaining forms of in-
sanity are also I'epresented by proportionately larger
numbers in the urban than in the rural population,
but the contrast is not so marked. The elimination
of the cases of general paralysis and alcoholic psychosis
reduces the ratio of admissions from urban commu-
nities from 86 per 100,000 population to 68, while
the ratio from rural communities declines from 41.4
per 100,000 to 37.1. Thus, if these cases are excluded,
the ratio of admissions per 100,000 population is re-
duced about 21 per cent for urban communities, as
compared with 10 per cent for rural communities.
Age. — Table 62 gives the age distribution of pa-
tients having either alcoholic psychosis or general
paralysis, showing what percentage they formed of
the total insane admitted in each age group and also
the ratio per 100,000 population of the same age.
These diseases apparently attain their greatest rela-
tive importance as a cause of insanity in the period of
early middle life. Of the insane admitted between
the ages of 35 and 40, 14.1 per cent were suffering from
alcoholic psychosis and 8.2 per cent from general
paralysis; in the next older age period, 40 to 44, inclu-
sive, the percentages were 14.7 and 10.3, respectively.
One-fourth (25.6 per cent) of the insane admitted to
hospitals at this period of Ufe had one or the other of
these diseases. In the next older age group, 45 to 49
years, the percentage for alcohoUc psychosis decUnes
sUghtly (to 13.1), but that for general paralysis re-
mains about the same (10.4) ; after the age of 50, the
percentages dechne for each disease.
Comparing by age groups the ratio of admissions to
total population, as given in the last section of
Table 62, it ^vi]l be noticed that the ratio of cases of
general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis increases up
to the age of 40. From 40 to 50 it is nearly sta-
tionary, the number of such cases per 100,000 popu-
lation being 31.5 in the age group "40 to 44 years,"
and 30.5 in the age group "45 to 49 years." Thereafter
the ratio declines, reaching 13.2 per 100,000 in the age
group " 65 years and over." The ratio of commitments
for other forms of insanity, on the other hand, shows
a marked increase in old age. The increase in early
life is also rapid up to the age of 40. From 35 to
45 years the ratio is about 90 per 100,000 and from
45 to 60 about 96 per 100,000. The advance there-
after carries it up to 142.8 per 100,000 for the age
group "65 years and over."
Table 62
AGE GEOnP.
All ages.
Under 15 years. . .
15 to 19 vears
20 to 24 years
2-1 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Age unknown
All ages.
Under 15 years. . .
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over.
Age unknown
All ages
Under 15 year^. . .
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 20 vears
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 years and over .
mSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
Total.
Having general paralysis or
alcoholic psychosis.
Total.
Gen-
eral
paraly-
Alco-
holic
psy-
chosis.
Both
dis-
All
other.
60,769
327
2,539
5,701
7.027
7,295
7,495
6,469
5,681
4,877
3,368
2,872
6,161
957
10,207 3,884 6,122
21
83
363
834
1,312
1,700
1,656
1,362
1,078
687
439
521
151
17
47
134
218
421
612
669
590
445
267
165
231
3
35
223
600
870
1,056
954
744
610
408
262
277
80
201
50,563
306
2,466
5,338
6,193
5,983
5,795
4,813
4,319
3,799
2,681
2,433
5,640
806
PER CENT OF TOTAL [NSANE ADMITTED.
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.8
6.4
3.3
6.4
11.9
18.0
22.7
25.6
24.0
22.1
20.4
15.3
8.5
15.8
6.4
5.2
1.9
2.4
3.1
5.8
8.2
10.3
10.4
9.1
7.9
5.7
3.7
7.1
10.1
0.9
1.4
3.9
8.5
11.9
14.1
14.7
13.1
12.5
12.1
9.1
4.S
8.4
0.3
0.3
0)
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.5
0.5
0.4
0.4
0.2
0.3
83.2
93.6
%.7
93.6
88.1
82.0
77.3
74.4
76.0
77.9
79.6
84.7
91. S
84.2
NUMBEE PEE 100,000 POPITLATION OF SAME AGE.
66.1
1.1
28.0
62.9
85.9
104.6
117.2
122.9
127.1
125.0
120.8
126.7
156.0
11.1
0.1
0.9
4.0
10.2
18.8
26.6
31.5
30.5
27.6
24.7
19.4
13.2
4.2
0.1
0.5
1.5
2.7
6.0
9.6
12.7
13.2
11.4
9.6
7.3
0.8
6.7
0.2
2 0.0
0.4
2.5
7.3
12.5
16.5
18.1
16.6
15.6
14.6
11.6
7.0
2 0.0
»0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.6
0.4
0.5
0.3
55.0
1.0
27.1
58.9
75.7
85.8
90.6
91.5
96.6
97.4
96.2
107.3
142.8
1 Less than one-tenth of 1 per cent.
' More exactly, 0.01.
s More exactly, 0.003.
Sex. — As would probably be anticipated, the figures
show that alcohoUc psychosis and general paralysis
are much more frequent causes of insanity for males
than for females. Of the 34,116 males admitted to
hospitals for the insane in 1910, 2,989, or 8.8 percent,
had general paralysis; and 5,220, or 15.3 per cent, had
alcoholic psychosis. Of the 26,653 females admitted,
895, or 3.4 per cent, had general paralysis; and 902, or
3.4 per cent, had alcohoUc psychosis. Of the male in-
sane, 24.5 per cent, or almost one-fourth, had one or
the other of these diseases, while for the female insane
the corresponding percentage was only 6.9 per cent.
It is evident that this is the main explanation of the
fact that the ratio of admissions to insane asylums
is higher for the male sex than for the female. The
total number of commitments per 100,000 popula-
56
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
tion, as noted in the section on sex, is 72.1 for males,
as compared with 59.7 for females. But if the cases
of alcohohc psychosis and general paralysis are ex-
cluded, the number of males admitted in the year
1910 is reduced from 34,116 to 25,760, and the num-
ber of females from 26,653 to 24,802. Thus the
numerical difference between the two sexes largely
disappears, although males are stOl somewhat more
numerous than females, as is also the case in the
general population. When the cases of alcoholic
psychosis and general paralysis are eliminated the
ratio of admissions for the two sexes becomes prac-
tically identical, as is shown by the last column in
the third section of the following table :
Table 63
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
SEX.
Total.
Having general paralysis or
alcoholic psychosis.
j
Total.
Gen-
eral
paraly-
sis.
Alco-
holic
chosis.
Both
dis-
eases.
All
other.
NtTMBEB.
60,769
10,207
3,SS4
6,122
201
50,562
Male
34,116
26,653
8,356
1,861
2,989
895
5,220
902
147
54
25,760
Female . -
24 802
PEE CENT OF TOTAL ADMITTED.
Both sexes.
100.0
16.8
6.4
10.1
0.3
83 2
Male
100.0
100.0
24.5
6.9
8.8
3.4
15.3
3.4
0.4
0.2
75 5
93 1
NUMBER PER 100,000 POPULATION OP aAM
E SEX.
Both sexes
66.1
11.1
4.2
6.7 0.2
55
Male
72.1
59.7
17.7
4.1
6.3
2.0
11.0
2.0
0.3
0.1
Female
55 6
Among males there are about 7 cases of alcohohc
psychosis to 4 cases of general paralysis, while among
females the number of cases of each disease is nearly
the same. The contrast between the sexes is accord-
ingly more marked with regard to one disease than
the other, the statistics indicating that among males
as compared with females there are almost six times as
many cases of alcohohc psychosis but hardly more
than three times as many cases of general paralysis.
Sex and age. — In Table 64 the classification by sex is
combined with a classification by age so as to show by
age periods for each sex the number of cases of general
paralysis or alcoholic psychosis and also the number of
other cases of insanity, with the ratios per 100,000 per-
sons of the same age and sex. Diagram 8, on page 57,
is based upon the ratios in this table.
Table 64
AGE GROLT.
.\11 ases 1. .
Under 15 years...
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30to34 Vears
3.3 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to o9 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 year?
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
SO years and over
All ages 1 . .
Under 15 years. . .
15 to 19 years. . . .
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years ....
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
SO years and over .
INS.OJE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS; 1910.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Having gen-
eral paralysis
or alcoholic
psychosis.
Male.
Fe-
male.
.Ml other.
Fe-
male.
34,116
isi
1,471
3,234
3,911
4,018
4,090
3,618
3,163
2,712
1,975
1,698
1,255
994
676
513
26,653
146
1,068
2,467
3,116
3,277
3,405
2,851
2,518
2,165
1,393
1,174
936
782
504
501
8,3;6
12
52
268
679
1,091
1,411
1,353
1,131
905
-82
360
211
84
62
34
1,851
31
95
155
221
289
303
231
173
105
79
59
30
28
15
25,760
169
1,410
2,966
3,232
2,927
2,679
2,265
2,032
1.807
1.3''3
1,338
1.0-I4
910
614
479
24,802
137
1,037
2,372
2,961
3,056
3,116
2,548
2,287
1,992
1,388
1,095
877
7,52
478
486
NUMBER PER 100,000 POPUI.ATIOM OF SAME .SEX
AND AGE.
72.1
1.2
32.5
70.6
92.1
109.9
121.5
129. 8
133.0
128. 5
132.7
143.2
145.3
177.0
204.1
224.0
59.7
17.7
4.1
54.4
1.0
0.1
0.1
1.1
23.5
1.1
0.7
31.3
55.1
5.9
2.1
64.8
79.2
16.0
3.9
76.1
98.8
29.8
6.7
80.0
112.4
41.9
9.5
79.6
115.2
48.6
12.2
81.3
120.5
47.5
11.1
85.4
120.9
42.9
9-7
85.6
107.3
39.1
8.1
93.6
108.6
30.4
7.3
112.8
114.8
24.4
7.2
120.8
141.6
15.0
S.i
162.0
150.
18.7
7.7
l&i.3
192.7
14.8
5.8
209.1
55.6
0.9
22.9
53.0
75.2
92.2
102.9
102.9
109.4
111.2
99.2
101.3
107.5
136.2
142.3
187.0
• Includes age unknown.
For males there is a rapid increase in the occurrence
of alcoholic psychosis and general paralysis from child-
hood or youth up to the age of 45; thereafter the ratio
declines. In the case of females the increase and de-
cline are much less pronounced. At its maximum in
the age period 40 to 44 the ratio is 48.6 per 100,000 for
males, as compared with 12.2 per 100,000 for females.
Upon eliminating the cases of general paralysis and
alcoholic psychosis and considering the ratios in the
table and the lines in the diagram representing other
forms of insanity the contrast between the sexes is
interesting and significant. Up to the age of 30 this
ratio is somewhat higher for males, but from 30 to 60
it is higher for females, the difference being very
marked in the age groups between 35 and 55. Beyond
the age of 60 the ratio is again higher for males.
GENERAL PARALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS.
57
DiAORAU 8. — Ratio of Males and of Females Having Gen-
eral Paralysis or Alcoholic Psychosis and Ratio of
Other Males and Females Admitted to Hospitals for
THE Insane in 1910 per 100,000 Population of the same
Sex and Age.
VCABS
16 20 26 30 36 40 *t> 60 Sft 60 6S TO 76 80
/
/
/
/
/
ISO
/
/
t
i
140
/
1
\ I
•'
130
/ /
/
CAU
'■-.
/
,f>'r
ALL
.^■^
■s'»
\
/
.'"
'
"^
*?'■
4
'/
/
/
MALESj;
^
)TMER
/:
1
/
/
MALE:
^-
e ^■^
c;o,
c
H
i
I'
/
^^\
N
s
1
i
(f
I'
EMALi
AND ,
N
//
p^^^
u^?;?-
LCOH,
^L.c
sych
\
"--
//
-t/^'"'
/ct-^s.'i-
— ...
—
^-
Table 65 shows separately the number of cases of
general paralysis and of alcoholic psychosis occurring
among the insane admitted to hospitals, classified by
age and sex, also the ratio of such cases per 100,000
population of the same sex and age. Among females
cases of alcoholic psychosis are considerably more
numerous than those of general paralysis in the age
groups from 30 to 44 but not in younger or older ages,
while among males there are many more cases of the
former disease than of the latter in every age group,
from 20 to 75. The ratio of admissions for alcohohc
psychosis reaches its maximum m the age period 40
to 44, the ratio then being 28 per 100,000 for males
and 7 per 100,000 for females. The ratio for general
paralysis is not quite as high in this age period as it is
in the next older period, 45 to 49, when it is 20 per
100,000 for males and 5.5 per 100,000 for females.
Table 65
AGE OROUT.
All ages..
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
SO years *and oyer.
Age unknown
All ages..
I'nder 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and oyer .
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPrTALS: 1910.
Having general
paralysis.
Male.
Female.
Having alcoholic
psychosis.
Male. Female.
NtJMEEE.
2,9S9
11
2S
80
144
325
495
546
475
347
217
126
56
33
37
19
50
6
19
54
74
96
117
123
115
93
50
39
33
21
20
12
18
5,220
1
23
186
520
749
894
781
633
540
356
225
ISO
48
25
14
69
902
2
12
37
74
121
162
173
HI
70
52
37
23
8
6
3
11
NtntBEK PEE 100,000 POPtJlATION OF
SAME SEX AND AGE.
6.3
2.0
>0.0
0.4
1.2
1.9
2.9
3.9
5.0
5.5
5.5
3.9
3.6
4.0
4.0
6.0
4.6
11.0
= 0.0
0.5
4.1
12.4
20.5
26.6
28.0
26.6
25.6
23.9
19.0
17.4
8.5
7.5
6.1
2.0
•0.0
0.3
0.8
1.9
3.6
5.3
7.0
5.3
3.9
4.0
3.4
2.8
1.5
1.8
1.2
' More exactly, 0.04.
' More exactly, 0.007.
> More exactly, 0.01.
Race, nativity, and parentage. — In Table 66 the num-
ber of cases of alcoholic psychosis and general paralysis
among the insane admitted to hospitals in 1910 is
shown for eacli of the principal race and nativity
classes, together with the percentage which these cases
form of the total number of admissions and the ratio
to the total population of each class. In the total
niunber of admissions, the percentage having these
diseases is larger for the white insane (17.2) than for
the negro (11.5) ; it is larger for the foreign-born white
insane (19.8) than for the native white (16.1); and
larger for the native white of foreign or mixed parent-
age (20.6) than for the native white of native parentage
(14.6). As between the foreign-born white and the
native white of foreign or mixed parentage, however,
there is very httle difference in this respect, the per-
centages being nearly the same for both classes.
58
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
These percentages, being base
d upon the
ad mis
sions, 1
indicate for the native white of foreign or mixed parent-
age and the foreign-born white simply that in proportion
to the total number of pereons of each class admitted
to hospitals for the insane there are practically the
same number of cases of general paralysis or alcoholic
psj'chosis. In proportion to the total population of
each class, however, the total number of admissions is
about twice as large for the foreign-born white as for
the native white of foreign or mixed parentage. It fol-
lows, therefore, that in proportion to the total popu-
lation of each class there are about twice as many
cases of these diseases in the one class as in the other.
This is indicated by the last section of the following
table, which gives the number of admi'^sions per 100,000
population of the same race and nativity.
Table 66
raSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
RACE AND NATITITT.
Total.
Having general paralysis or
alcohoUc psychosis.
All
other.
Total.
Gen-
eral
paraly-
sis.
Alco-
holic
psycho-
sis.
Both
dis-
eases.
NtJMBEE.
60,769
10,207
3,8.'<4
6,122
201
50,562
White
56,182
9,676
3,670
5,819
187
46,506
39,629
24,534
10,RS5
4,410
15,523
1,030
6,400
3,570
2,197
633
3,081
195
2,486
1,420
783
283
1,111
73
3,782
2,068
1,377
337
1,917
120
132
82
37
13
53
2
33,229
20,964
8,488
3,777
12,442
835
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed par
Parentage unknown
For^ifni bc-ru
4,3S4
203
505
26
208
6
284
19
13
1
3,879
177
Other colored
PER CENT OF TOTAL.
100.0
16.8
6.4
10.1
0.3
83.2
White
100.0
17.2
6.5
10.4
0.3
82.8
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
16.1
14.6
20.6
14.4
19.8
18.9
6.3
5.8
7.3
6.4
7.2
7.1
9.5
8.4
12.9
7.6
12.3
11.7
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.3
0.2
S3. 9
85.4
79.4
85.6
80.2
81.1
Native parentage
Foreign or nuxed par
Parentage unknown
Foreign born
100.0
100.0
11.5
12.8
4.7
3.0
6.5
9.4
0.3
0.S
88.5
87.2
NtTMBEE PEE 100,000 POPULATION OF SAME RACE
AND NATIVITY.
All pln-i^s":
66.1
11.1
4.2
6.7
0.2
55.0
White
68.7
11.8
4.5
7.1
0.2
56.9
Native..
57.9
56.3
62.3
116.3
9.4
8.2
12.4
23.1
3.6
3.3
4.5
8 3
5.5
4.7
7.8
14 4
0.2
0.2
0.2
4
48.6
48.1
49. S
93 2
Native parentage >
Foreign or mixed par.'. . .
Foreign bom. .
Negro
44.6
5.1
2.1
2.9
0.1
39.5
1 For the computation of the ratios the native white insane of unknown parent-
age have been apportioned between the two classes of known parentage.
The total number of admissions per 100,000 is 62.3
for the native white of foreign or mixed parentage, as
compared with 116.3 for the foreign-born white, and
the number of admissions representing cases of general
paralysis or alcohoUc psychosis is 12.4 per 100,000 for
the former, as com
oared ^
vith2
3.1 pc
r 100
000 f(
jr the
latter. Here again it must be remembered that the
important factor of age may materially affect the
comparison and largely account for the difference
between the two classes, because the one class com-
prises a large, and the other a small, proportion of
children. To repeat figures already given, 38.2
per cent of the native white of foreign or mixed
parentage are under 15 years of age, as compared
with 5.7 per cent of the foreign-born white. Insan-
ity being generally a disease of adult life, it follows
that any class including relatively few children
would be likely to show a higher ratio of insanity
than another class including relatively many children.
The influence of the age factor may be elimuiated
by making the comparison by ago groups, on the basis
of the statistics presented in Table 67. When that is
done the difference between the native white of foreign
or mixed parentage and the foreign-bom white largely
disappears. In no single age group does the ratio for
the one class differ widely from that for the other. In
some age groups the ratio for the foreign-bom white is
the higher of the two, in others it is the lower, but the
ratios are never far apart and in some instances are
identical or nearly so.
Table 67
AGE GP.ODP.
INSANE HAVING GENERAL PARALYSIS OR ALCOHOLIC
PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
TotaL
Native white.i
For-
For-
eign-
Native
eign or
born
TotaL
par-
mixed
white.
entage.
par-
entage.
Negro.
.\Uag6s
Under 15 years...
15 to 19 vears
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 vears
60 to 64 years
65 years and over
.\ge unknown
All ages
Under 15 years...
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 vears
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to .54 years
55 to 59 vears
60 to 64 years
65 vears and over
10,207
21
83
363
S34
1,312
1,700
1,656
1,362
1,078
687
439
521
151
6,400
19
58
259
544
868
1,126
1,069
812
658
401
243
270
73
4,049
14
31
174
357
535
647
656
505
398
257
190
225
60
2,351
5
27
So
187
333
479
413
307
260
144
53
45
13
3,081
1
8
64
221
338
468
500
480
359
244
167
208
23
SOS
1
17
36
55
80
68
68
46
41
30
20
32
11
NUMBER PER 100,000 POPULATION OF SAME AGE,
RACE, AND NATIVITY.
11.1
0.1
0.9
4.0
10.2
18.8
26.6
31.5
30.0
27.6
24.7
19.4
13.2
9.4
0.1
0.8
4.0
9.7
18.2
26.0
30,7
27.9
25.0
21.4
16.9
11.0
8.2
0.1
0.6
3.7
8.8
15.7
21.2
26.8
24.4
20.4
17.2
15.5
10.2
12.4
0.1
1.2
4.5
12.1
24.5
37.5
40.2
36.4
38.2
37.9
24.7
17.6
23.1
0.1
1.2
4.5
13.3
22.4
33.2
38.4
41.9
38.8
35.2
26.6
17.6
5.1
'0.0
1.6
3.5
6.2
12.0
10.7
14.9
11.9
12.6
14.3
10.7
10.9
1 In this table the native white of unknown parentage have been apportioned
between the two classes of known parentage.
' More exactly, 0.02.
The ratios for the native white of native parentage
fn the several age groups fall considerably below those
ior the two classes just considered while the ratios for
the negroes are in general still lower. It is probable
LENGTH OF TIME IN HOSPITALS.
59
that in the totals for the United States the compari-
son to some extent reflects the influence of difi'erences
in the territorial distribution of the several classes.
The negroes as compared with the whites are largely-
concentrated in the South, where in general the
provisions for the care of the insane in institutions
are not as far developed as they are in the North.
The foreign-born white, and likewise the native
white of foreign or mixed parentage, are concen-
trated in cities and also in the northeastern section of
the United States to a much greater extent than the
native white of native parentage. They are therefore
more afi'ected by the influence of urban conditions;
and as shown by statistics previously presented, the
proportion of the insane afflicted with general paralysis
or alcoliolic psj'chosis is much larger in urban com-
munities than in rural. The data have not been
tabulated in sufhcient detail to make it possible
to compare the several race and nativity classes in
urban and rural communities separately. The follow-
uig table, however, presents the statistics by geo-
graphic divisions, so that the comparison can be made
for the several classes living within the same section of
the United States.
Table 68
INSANE HAVINO GENERAL PARALYSIS OR ALCOHOLIC
PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
Total
Native white, i
For-
eign-
bom
white.
Total
1 Native
1 par-
entage.
For-
eign or
nii.\ed
par-
entage.
Negro.
nuhbes.
United States
10,207
6,400
4,049
2,351
3,081
505
New England
1.278
2.987
2,329
1,029
857
402
303
398
624
717
1,732
1,577
681
605
303
223
246
316
351
893
904
462
560
275
210
195
366
839
673
219
45
28
13
51
541
1,142
629
246
81
8
30
128
276
11
Middle Atlantic
95
East North Central .
59
South Atlantic.
167
West South Central..
30
10
Pacific
199 117
13
NUMBER
PEE 100,000 POPULATION
AND NATIVITY.
OF SAM
E RACE
United States.. .
11.1
9.4
8.2
12.4
^.1
5 1
New England
19.5
15.5
12.8
8.8
7.0
4.8
3.4
15.1
14.9
15.4
12.3
10.6
7.0
7.8
5.3
3.5
11.8
10.0
13.4
10.6
9.3
7.1
7.6
6.2
3.6
13.3
9.4
17.8 1
15.0
13.2
6.8 1
10.2
13.0
2.1 !
8.3
11.1
29.8
23.7
20.5
15.2
27.9
9.2
8.6
29.3
32.0
16 6
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
19 6
West North Central .
12 8
South Mlantic
4 1
East South Central .
3 4
West South Central
1 5
46.6
Pacific
44.5
NtlMBER
PER 100,000 ADULTS OF S
NATIVITY.
VME RAG
E AND
United States
16.3
14.7
12.7
20.1
24.5
8 2
New Encland
26.8
21.8
18.1
13.0
11.3
7.7
5.6
21.9
19.7
23.8
19.5
16.3
11.0
12.4
8.7
5.9
18.6
14.3
18.3
15.7
14.3
11.3
10.fi
8.3
6.1
20.9
13.3
33.3
26.4
20.0
10.5
I,i.2
16.7
3.4
13.0
16.5
31.8
25.4
21.5
15.9
29.8
9.6
9.5
31.0
33.5
21 9
Middle Atl.antlc
29.5
East North Central
West North Central
16 9
South Atlantic
6 8
East South Central
5 4
West Sovith Central
2.5
Mountain
57 2
Pacific
54.7
' In this table the native white of unknown parentage have been apportioned
between the two classes of known parentage.
The ratios presented in the last section of the above
table indicate that in the New England, Middle At-
lantic, and East North Central divisions there is little
difference between the native white of foreign or
mixed parentage and the foreign-born white as regards
the number of cases of general paralysis and alcohohc
psychosis in proportion to the total number of adults.
In each of the other divisions the ratios are rather
far apart, that for the foreign-born white being the
larger of the two in every division except the East
South Central.
The ratio for the native white of native parentage is
considerably lower than that for the foreign-born whites
in every division, and is also lower than that for the
native whites of foreign or mixed parentage, in every
division except the West North Central, West South
Central, and Mountain divisions.
In the South the ratio for the negroes falls consider-
ably below that for any of the three classes of the
white population; but m other parts of the United
States that is by no means the case. On the contrary,
in every northern or western division except New Eng-
land the ratio for negroes is higher than that for any
class of the white population, and in New England it
is higher than that for the native white of native
parentage.
LENGTH OF TIME IX HOSPITALS.
For all but 14,162, or 7.5 per cent, of the 187,791
insane enumerated in hospitals on January 1, 1910, a
report was obtained as to the total length of time spent
in hospitals for the insane. Of the total number report-
ing 34.4 per cent had been in hospitals more than 10
years and 11.6 per cent more than 20 years (see Table
69). On the other hand, 1.3.7 per cent had been in
hospitals less than one year and 22.6 per cent less than
two years.
Table 69
rSSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON
JAN. 1, 1910.
TIME SPENT EN HOSPFTALS FOE
Both sexes.
Male.
Female.
Num-
•ber.
Per
cent
dis-
tribu-
tion.
Per
''*'^- tribu-
tiOD.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent
dis-
tribu-
tion.
Total
187,791
98,695
89,096
T.pTlgtli of timp tjTinwTi
173,629 1 100.0
91,108
100.0
82.521
100
76,035
23,788
15, 491
14.703
11,802
10.251
.37,836
23. 772
15.759
20,227
14,162
43.7
13.7
8.9
8.5
8.8
5.9
21.8
13.7
9.1
11.6
40,927
13,363
8,235
7,760
6,299
5,270
19,548
12.289
8.146
10,198
7,587
44.9
14.7
9.0
8.5
6.9
5.8
21.5
13.5
8.9
11.2
35, 108
10,425
7,256
6,943
5,503
4,981
18,288
11.483
7,013
10,029
6,575
42 S
12.6
1 year but less than 2
2 years but less than 3
3 years but less than -1
4 years but less than 5
5 years but less than 10
10 years but less than 15
15 years bu t less than 20
20 -years and over. . ..
8.8
8.4
6.7
6.0
22.2
13.9
9.2
12.2
Length of time unknown
These statistics indicate that the inmates present in
hospitals for the insane on January 1, 1910, had spent
on the average not less than seven years in such insti-
tutions, and probably nearer eight years than seven.
This, however, affords no measure of the average
60
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
term in hospitals, or, in other words, the average
length of time the patients spend in the hospitals
before death or final discharge. That average might
be either larger or smaller than the one derived from
these statistics; for, on the one hand, the population
present on a given day includes a comparatively large
representation of those who remain in hospitals a long
time and a comparatively small representation of
those whose stay is short; and, on the other hand, the
average length of time for the pei-sons present is of
course only the average up to date, and therefore is
considerably less than the final average will be when
their sojom-n in hospitals comes to an end.
The average age when first admitted of those present
in hospitals on January 1, 1910, was not far from 37^'
years, while their average age at the time of enumera-
tion was about 45, thus indicating that the average
interval between first admission and date of enumer-
ation was about eight years, which is practically the
same as the figure derived from the computation based
on the reported length of time in hospitals.
A computation, by the same method, of the avez-age
age of those discharged from hospitals for the insane
in 1910 brings out the rather surprising fact that they
were apparently younger than those admitted in the
same year, the average age of the latter being about 41,
wliile the average age of those discharged was about 39.
This must mean that those discharged come largely
from the younger inmates, or that, in other words,
persons admitted at more advanced ages are more apt
to remain permanently than those admitted at younger
ages; it also indicates that the patients discharged
have usually been in hospitals a comparatively short
time, and that the recovery or the improvement in the
condition of the insane generally takes place within a
short time after admission or not at all. It would
seem, therefore, that as regards length of residence in
hospitals for the insane the inmates could be divided
into two broad and fairly well-defined classe.s — those
who remain but a short time and those who remain
many years or until death. The average age at death
of those who died in 1910 in hospitals for the insane
was not far from 51.
For convenience of reference and comparison the
average ages as computed for various classes of inmates
are here presented in a summary statement.
Approximate average age:
Of persons admitted in 1910 41
Of inmates present on January 1, 1910 45
Of inmates dying in 1910 51
Of inmates discharged in 1910 39
Approximate average age at first admission:
Of persons admitted in 1910 40
Of mmates present on January 1, 1910 38
' The average age as here given is only approximate because the
age returns were tabulated not by single years but by five-year
periods. Taking the minimum age in each period (except the
youngest, "under 15 years." for which 15 years was taken), the
average age at first admission is 35.1. This may be accepted as
the minimum. The maximum limit in each group (taking 70 as
the maximum for the age group "65 and over") would ^ive an
average five years older, or 40.1 years. The true average is prob-
ably not far from the mean between these extremes, or about 37J
years.
DURATION OF PRESENT ATTACK.
The duration of the present attack of insanity was
reported for about four-fifths of the persons admitted
to hospitals in 1910. The figures indicate that in the
great majority of cases the insane were committed within
a comparatively short time after the attack came on.
In 15.6 per cent of the total number of cases for which
a report was obtained the attack of insanity had come on
within the month preceding admission; in 42.1 percent
it had come on within the preceding tliree months ; in
54.1 percent, or more than one-half of the total number,
witliin the preceding six months; and in 64.5 percent,
or almost two-thirds, within the preceding 12 months.
In 9.5 per cent, or nearly one-tenth, of the reported
cases the attack had lasted six years or more prior to
admission to the hospital; and in 6.2 per cent it had
lasted 10 years or more. It is probable, however,
that in many instances the diseases had in reahty
been existent much longer than the reported duration
of the attack would indicate. In the case of general
paralysis for instance, the earhest symptoms make
their appearance long before the more striking inci-
dents which in a routine clinical history of the case
are apt to be recorded as determuiiag the onset of the
attack. The figures obtained from records as to
duration of attack should probably be regarded as a
minunum.
Tlie percentage of cases in which the attack had
lasted less than 3 months was not so large for the
native whites (39.7) as for the foreign-born wliites
(45.7), and not so large for the latter as for the negroes
(51.6). The percentage for females (40.7) was some-
what smaller than that for males (43.3).
Table 70
rSSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPrTALS: 1910.
DTJRATION OF PRESENT AT-
Total.'
Native white.
Foreign-
bom
white.
SION.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mixed
parent-
age.
Parent-
age im-
known.
Negro.
NUMBEK.
Total .
60,769
24,634
10,685
4,410
15,523
4,384
Total reporting
48,603
20,902
8,671
3,068
11,937
3,464
Less tlian 3 months. . .
3 to 6 months
20, 470
5,845
5,013
5, 192
5,234
3.823
3,026
12,166
8,338
2,660
2,165
2,295
2,273
1,669
1,502
3,632
3,403
1,027
915
956
1,005
749
616
2,014
1,227
354
305
344
326
264
248
1,342
5,461
1,331
1,238
1,189
1,299
912
507
3,586
1,787
406
6 to 12 months
1 to 2 years
339
344
277
4 to 10 years
183
10 years or more
Not reporting
128
920
PEE CENT DISTRmUTION.
Total reporting
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.
Less than 3 months. . .
42.1
12.0
10.3
10.7
10.8
7.9
6.2
39.9
12.7
10.4
11.0
10.9
8.0
7.2
39.2
11.8
10.6
11.0
11.6
8.6
7.1
40.0
11.5
9.9
11.2
10.6
8.6
8.1
45.7
11.2
10.4
10.0
10.9
7.6
4.2
51.6
11.7
6 to 12 months
9.8
9.9
2 to 4 years
8.0
5.3
10 years or more
3.7
1 Includes white of imlcnown nativity and colored persons other than negro.
PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS.
61
PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS.
Of the 60,769 persons admitted to hospitals for the
insane in 1910, 40,130, or 65 per cent, were reported
as first admissions, and 13,914, or 23 per cent, were
reported as having previously been in hospitals for the
insane, while in the case of 6,715, or 11.1 per cent
of the total number, no information covering this
question was obtained. The number of persons who
had been previously admitted represents about 26
per cent of the total number for which the facts as
to previous admissions were ascertained. The figures
indicate, therefore, that somewhat more than one-
fourth of the persons admitted to hospitals for the
insane in the year 1910 were recun-ent cases.
Table 71
NUMBER OF PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS.
Total
Number reporting
Not previously admitted
Previously admitted
Number of previous admissions:
One
Two
Three
Four
Five or more
Number not reporting
insane admitted to
hospitals: 1910.
Number.
60, 769
54, 054
40, 139
13,924
9,853
2,474
855
336
406
6.715
Per cent
of total.
66.0
22.9
16.2
4.1
1.4
0.6
0.7
11.1
Percent
of total
reporting.
74.2
25.8
18.2
4.6
1.6
0.6
0.8
12.4
The following table giving the data by race and
nativity indicates that the percentage previousl}'
iji hospitals for the insane is larger for whites than for
negroes, and somewhat larger for the native wliites
than for the foreign-born whites.
Table 72
RACE, NATIVITY, AND SEX.
Aggregate
Male
Female
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mi.xcd parentage .
Parentage unknown
Foreign born
Nativity unknown
Negro
Other colored
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS: 1910.
Total.
34,116
26, 653
66,182
39, 629
24, 534
10, 685
4,410
15, 523
1,030
4,384
203
Reporting as to previous
admission.
Total.
29,987
24,067
50,239
35, 643
22, 492
9,984
3,167
14,038
558
3,663
152
Previously
admitted.
Not
report-
mg.
Num-
ijer.
13,924
7,560
6,304
13,361
9,813
5, 920
2,971
922
3,365
183
534
29
Per
cent.
25.8
25.2
26.4
26.6
27.5
26.3
29.8
29.1
24.0
32.8
14.6
19.1
6,715
4,129
2,686
5,943
3,986
2,042
701
1,243
1,485
472
721
51
The percentages in the above table are based
not on the total number admitted but on the
number for whom the information as to prior ad-
missions was obtained. The percentage reporting
prior admissions, computed on that basis, was 26.6
for the whites, 27.5 for the native whites, 24 for the
foreign-born wliites, and 14.6 for the negroes. It
was 26.3 for the native whites of native parentage
and 29. S for the native whites of foreign or mixed
parentage. The reasons for these differences are not
apparent and it may be doubted whether the differ-
ences have in fact very much significance. They may
simply reflect variations in the accuracy and complete-
ness of the information obtained from the different
classes of the population regarding the previous
Iiistory of the case.
The variations between the different sections of the
country are shown in the following table :
Table 73
DIVISION, AND RACE AND NATIVITY.
United States i.
Native white
Foreign-born white.
Negro
New England ' .
Native white
Foreign-born white.
Negro
Middle Atl.4NTIC i .
Native white
Foreign-born white.
Negro
East North Central ' .
Native white
Foreign-born white.
Negro
West North Central ■ .
Native white
Foreign-born white.
Negro
South Atlantic ' .
Native white
Foreign-born white.
Negro
East South Central'.
Native white
Foreign-born white.
Negro
West South Central'.
Native white
Foreign-born white.
Negro
Mountain ' .
Native white
Foreign-born white.
Negro
Pacific ' .
Native white
Foreign-born white .
Negro
insane .admitted to hospitals: 1910.
Total.
39, 629
15, 623
4,384
4,369
2,438
102
8,687
5,433
439
13,191
9,203
3,365
304
5,070
1,790
260
6,726
4,417
352
1,900
2,637
85
950
2,968
2,321
230
343
1,623
1,006
515
29
3,463
1,919
1,315
67
Reporting; as to previous
admission.
Total.
35, 643
14,038
3,663
Previously
admitted.
Num-
t)er.
Per
cent.
13,924
9,813
3,365
534
6,788 2,031
25.8
27.5
24.0
14.6
29.9
4,242
2,385
100
8,308
6,224
406
12,062
8,602
3,117
264
6,299
4,362
1,521
197
5,873
3,793
262
1,791
2,134
72
571
2,172
213
276
1,184
764
356
22
1,366
SS8
37
1,395
599
28
32.9
26.1
28.0
24.6
2,219
1,123
75
2,442
749
37
1,188
476
52
1,030
799
54
170
780
649
12
118
266
130
378
199
27.0
21.5
18.6
28.7
24.0
14.0
27.2
31.2
26.4
21.1
20.6
9.5
28.
30.4
16,7
20.7
22.0
11.3
14.1
34.8
36.5
36.4
27.7
22.4
18.9
Not
report-
ing.
6,715
3,986
1,485
721
198
127
S3
2
668
379
209
34
1,129
701
248
40
1,160
708
269
63
624
90
109
901
503
13
379
263
149
17
67
439
242
159
7
1,105
553
427
20
I Includes white of unloiown nativity and colored persons other than negro.
62
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
DISCHARGES.
The number of persons discharged from hospitals
for the insane in the year 1910 was 29,304. Of these
24,241, or 82.7 per cent, were discharged as either im-
proved or recovered; 4,397, or 15 per cent, as imim-
provcd; and 491, or 1.7 per cent, as not insane. No
attempt was made to distinguish the "recovered"
from the "improved." The reasons why this was
not done are stated in the report on the insane for
1904 as follows:
There is no standard definition of what constitutes recovery from
insanity. Some officials class as such all who show betterment,
while others are very chary in describing their patients as having
fully recovered. In consequence the percentages of recoveries
reported from different institutions vary in an astounding degree.
It therefore seemed wiser to group all recoveries under the heading
' ' Improved ' ' and avoid the presentation of figures that could not be
explained and therefore might lead to wholly unfair comparisons.
The returns obtained in 1904, however, gave a very
dififerent result from those of 1910 as regards the con-
dition of persons discharged, probably because of
differences in the terminologj^ used at the two censuses.
In the schedules for 1904 the classes distinguished
were the "improved," the "uurecovered," and the
"not insane"; in 1910, as already stated, they were the
"improved or recovered," the "unimproved," and the
"not insane." The results of the classification were
as follows:
Table 74
patients
discharged
from insane
hospitals:
1910.
class.
patients
dsicharged
from insane
hospitals:
1904.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent
distri-
hu-
tion.
Num-
ber.
Per
cent
distri-
bu-
tion.
Total
29.304
100.0
Total
22, 524
100.0
Improved or recovered. .
24,241
4,397
491
175
82.7
15.0
1.7
0.6
17, 124
3,144
2,256
76.2
14.2
9.6
Not reported
The classification for 1904, as compared with that
of 1910, includes a much smaller percentage of "im-
proved," a class which is supposed to include the "re-
covered "and a much larger percentage of "not insane."
The last-named class was presumably intended to cover
only those cases in which the patient proved not to be
insane; but the large proportion — almost 10 per cent —
so classified in 1904 makes it seem probable that in
the absence of exphcit instructions the agents making
the returns included under the head of "not insane"
many persons who had been insane but were considered
"recovered" and therefore as not being insane at the
time of their discharge. In 1910, it may be noted, the
percentage reported to have been discharged as not
insane was only 1.7.
The proportion of persons classified as recovered
or improved in the total number of persons discharged
from hospitals for the insane varied considerably in
different sections of the United States, as is indicated
by Table 75. In New England 75.3 per cent of the
persons discharged were reported as "recovered or
improved"; in the Middle Atlantic division the per-
centage was 85.4. In no division was the percentage
lower than it was in New England; but in three
divisions it was sUghtly higher than it was in the
Middle Atlantic division. The variations are not
easily explained and perhaps are not especially sig-
nificant. Probably they represent differences in
standards and practices as regards the discharge of
patients, but they may be affected by differences in
the class of cases treated.
Table 75
IN.SANE
DISCHARGED FROM HOSPITALS:
1910.
DIVISION.
Total.
Improved
or re-
covered.
Unim-
proved.
Not
insane.
Condi-
tion
not re-
ported.
NUMBER.
United States
29,304
24,241
4,397
491
175
3.343
6,871
6,609
3,470
3,226
2,050
1,524
666
1,545
2,517
5,867
5,326
3,031
2,707
1,581
1,323
557
1,332
762
843
1.140
388
414
425
183
87
155
47
130
114
35
78
28
13
15
31
17
Middle Atlantic
31
29
West North Central
16
27
East South Central
16
5
Mountain
7
Pacific
27
1
PER CENT OF TOTAL.
United States
100.0
82.7
15.0
1.7
0.6
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
100.0
75.3
85.4
80.6
87. 3
83.9
77.1
86.8
83.6
86.2
22.8
12.3
17.2
11.2
12.8
20.7
12.0
13.1
10.0
1.4
1.9
1.7
1.0
2.4
1.4
0.9
2.3
2.0
0.5
Middle .\tlantic
0.5.
East North Central
0.4
0.5
South Atlantic
0.8
o.a
West South Central
0.3
1.1
Pacific
1.7
DE.\THS.
The number of mmates of insane hospitals who died
during the year 1910 was 18,924, representing a death
rate of 100.8 per 1,000 inmates present at the beginnmg
of the year. Some of the deaths which occurred, how-
ever, were of persons admitted after the first of the year,
and basing the death rate upon the mmates present at
the beginning of the year plus those admitted durmg^
the year, it becomes 76.1. The rate is naturally very
high because it relates to a class of people not in
normal health.
The figures indicate an exceptionally high death rate
for the comparatively small group of inmates under the
age of 15 (see Table 76). The rate declines in the
next older groups, reaching the minimum in the group
25 to 29 years of age. Thereafter it increases and, as
would bo expected, becomes exceptionally- liigli again
in the age groups above 60.
DEATHS.
63
Table 76
All ages . .
Under 15 years .
15 to 19 Tears . . .
20 to 24 years . . ,
25 to 29 years...
30 to3» years ...
35 to 39 years . . .
40 to 44 years...
45 to 49 years . . .
50 to 54 years .
55 to 59 years .
60 to 64 years .
668
4,851
13,502
21, 110
26,386
30,351
29,790
28,555
25, 762
19, 751
15,601
65 years and over | 28, 042
Age unlmown | 4, 191
DiaANE IN hospitals: 1910.
Present on Jan. 1, or ad-
mitted during tlie year.
Total.
248,560
Present
Jan. 1.
187,791
341
2,312
7,801
14,083
19,091
22,856
23,321
22,874
20,885
16,383
12,729
21,881
3,234
Admit-
ted dur-
ing tlie
year.
60,769
327
2,539
5,701
7,027
7,295
7,495
6,469
5,681
4,877
3,368
2,872
6,161
957
Deaths during
the year.
Num-
ber.
Per
1,000
inmates
present
on
Jan. 1.
18,924
44
215
591
920
1,346
1,673
1,764
1,716
1,846
1,486
1,615
5,336
372
100.8
129.0
93.0
75.8
65.3
70.5
73.2
75.6
75.0
88.4
90.7
126.9
243.9
IIS.D
The distribution according to cause of death is
showTi in the following table, which also gives for
purposes of comparison the distribution of the deaths
occurring in the total adult popidation m the registra-
tion area ^ of the United States.
Table 77
CADSE OF DEATH.
All classes.
Typhoid fever
Dysentery
Erysipelas
Tuberculosis of the lungs
other forms of tuberculosis
Cancer andothermalignant tumors
Diabetes
Diseases of the nervous system
Cerebral hemorrhage and softening
General paralysis of the insane
other forms of mental alienation
Epilepsy
All other diseases of the nervous system..
Organic diseases of the heart
Diseases of tlie arteries
Pneumonia
Diarrhea and enteritis
Nephritis and Bright's disease
Senility
Suicide
Another forms of violence
All other causes
Cause unknown or ill-defined
DEATHS: 1910.
Among insane
in hospitals.
Num-
ber.
18,924
113
145
157
2.433
217
282
44
6,006
1,147
2,447
1,179
795
438
1,450
755
1,609
497
1,107
1,084
154
150
2,661
160
Per
cent
distri-
bution.
In population 15
years of age and
over in the
registration area.
Num-
ber.
100.0
0.6
0.8
0.8
12.9
1.1
1.5
0.2
31.7
6.1
12.9
6.2
4.2
2.3
7.7
4.0
8.0
2.6
5.8
5.7
0.8
0.8
14.1
0.8
558, 414
10, 507
2,048
1,645
69,749
7,370
40,700
7,576
62,945
40,006
2,943
1,757
1,927
16,312
73,115
11,641
37,937
5,464
50,965
13,604
8,558
36,635
113,662
4,293
Per
cent
distri-
bution.
100.0
1.9
0.4
0.3
12.5
1.3
7.3
1.4
11.3
7.2
0.5
0.3
0.3
2.9
13.1
2.1
6.8
1.0
9.1
2.4
1.5
6.6
20.4
0.8
Naturally a largo proportion of the deaths occurring
among the insane are caused by diseases of the brain
or nervous system, 12.9 per cent, or more than one-
eighth, of the total number being caused by general
paralysis of the insane, 6.1 per cent by cerebral
' The ' ' registration area ' ' is the area covered by the annual mor-
tality reports of the Bureau of the Census. It includes those states
and cities in which the local registration of deallis is sufficiently
accurate and complete to be accepted by the Bureau of the Census
aa a reliable basis for the compilation of death rates. It comprised
in 1910 about 58 per cent or the total population of the United
SUtes.
hemorrhage and softening, 6.2 per cent by "other
forms of mental alienation," 4.2 per cent by epilepsy,
and 2.3 per cent by "all other diseases of the nervous
system." In all, the diseases of this group caused
31.7 per cent of the total number of deaths occurring
among the insane, as compared with 11.3 per cent of
the deaths occurring hi the adult population of the
registration area of the United States. It may be
noted, however, that cerebral hemorrhage and soften-
ing accounts for a larger proportion of the total deaths
of adults than it does of the total deaths of the insane
alone — 7.2 per cent of the total in one case and 6.1
per cent m the other. If this disease be omitted from
the group of diseases of the nei-vous system, the other
diseases in that group account for 25.7 per cent, or
one-fourth, of the deaths among the insane in compari-
son with 4.1 per cent of the deaths in the total adidt
population. It is probable, however, that the con-
trast is not in fact as great as these figures would in-
dicate. The report of deaths from general paralysis
occurring outside of hospitals for the insane is be-
heved to be very deficient, many of these deaths being
wrongly reported as due to other causes.
The proportion of deaths caused by tuberctdosis of
the limgs is almost the same for the insane as it is for
the total adult popidation — 12.9 per cent of the
total deaths m one case and 12.5 per cent in the other.
Heart disease, cancer, and nephritis are of less impor-
tance as causes of death among the insane than among
the general population, while pneumonia is of greater
importance. Suicide accoimts for 0.8 per cent of
the deaths occurring among the insane confined in
hospitals, and for 1 .5 per cent of the deaths in the total
adult population.
Table 78
AGE GROUP.
Total
Under 25 years.-.
25 to 34 years
35 to 44 years
45 to 54 years
65 to 64 years
65 years and over
INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED IN 1910.
Number.
Male.
11,045
Female.
7,879
456
1,251
2,089
2,263
1,891
2,878
394
1,015
1,348
1,299
1,210
2,458
Nmnber per 100,000
inmates present on
Jan.l, 1910.
Male.
111.9
74.2
65.9
84.0
100.1
131.6
292.3
Female.
88.4
91.5
71.5
63.3
61.4
82.1
204.3
The above table shows the nimiber of deaths of
persons of each sex in each specified age period, with
the ratio per 100,000 inmates of the same sex and age
period present in the hospitals on January 1, 1910.
The total death rate is higher for males than for females.
In the two age groups tmder 35, the diiTerence is the
other way, the death rate being somewhat higher for
females than for males; but in the older age groups
and especially after the age of 44 the rate for males is
very much the higher of the two.
SUMMARY OF LAWS RELATIVE TO THE CARE OF THE INSANE.
Prepared in the Bureau of the Census by Mary F. Griffin and Louis C. Taylor.
The leading provisions regarding the insane in the
laws of the various states are summarized in the text
and tables wliich follow. So far as practicable these
provisions are sho-wn in tabidar form. Tables 1 to 3,
inclusive, present information regarding administrative
and supervisory agencies. Table 4 gives a classification
of pubhc iastitutions for the insane, and Tables 5 to 8
deal with commitment and dischai^e, while Table 9
shows provisions for the cost of maintenance of pa-
tients in the state hospitals. In these tables no
account is taken of provisions for the criminal insane,
which may or may not be the same as for other insane
persons; but Tables 10 to 15 are summaries of the
laws relating to this class.
Unless otherwise specified the laws were in force on
January 1, 1910. Subsequent enactments and changes
up to and including the session laws of 1914 ' are noted
in the tables and the text either by notes or by paren-
thetic clauses. In general, blank spaces in the tables
or the omission of the names of states indicate that
no provisions have been found. Provisions obviously
obsolete but unrepealed have been disregarded entirely
imless they appeared in recent official codes.
GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE OR SUPERVISORY
AGENCIES.
Table 1 includes aU state boards having oversight
of the insane, except those whose duties are restricted
to a single institution. Information regarding the
latter class of boards is given in Table 2.
Of the state boards concerned Avith the care of the
insane the majority fall into one of three main classes,
namely, (1) insanity boards or lunacy conmaissions,
(2) boards of control or boards of administration, and
(3) boards of charities.
Boards of insanity or limacy commissions have been
created in nine states, namely, California, Maryland,
Massachusetts, Montana, Nevada, New Hampshire,
New York, Utah, and Vermont. The fimctions of
the boards in Montana and Nevada are practically
restricted to the management of the state hospital;
but in the other states, with the exception of Utah,
the relations of such boards with the state hospitals
are super\-isory instead of administrative.
The duties of the boards of control or boards of
administration are chiefly administrative, particularly
their duties with respect to the state institutions, though
some of these boards are charged with the supervision
or inspection of pubhc institutions other than those
maintained by the state and of private institutions.
On the other hand, the duties of the state boards of
' The session laws for 1914 were not available for Georgia, Massa-
chusetts, New Mexico, or South Carolina. For these states, there-
fore, the summary covers the laws through 1913 only.
(64)
charities are in most cases chiefly, if not wholly, super-
visory. The board of state charities and corrections
in Rhode Island and the state board of charities and
corrections in South Dakota, however, are exceptional
in this respect, each being primarily administrative.
The boards of control now in existence are some-
what less numerous than the agencies such as boards
and commissioners of charities which have supervi-
sion over the insane, but it wiU be observed that six
of the seven boards shown as having been created since
January 1, 1910, are administrative boards.
In addition to the boards having administrative or
supervisory powers and duties with respect to insane
hospitals, there are a few boards or committees which
are strictly visitatorial in character. Besides the states
where such boards were found to exist on January 1,
1910, or subsequently, there are others whose laws
contain provisions specifically permitting the appoint-
ment of visiting committees. In Kansas, for instance,
the goveiTior is authorized to appoint a visiting com-
mittee for the state institutions. The laws of West
Vii'ginia call for a biennial investigation of the insane
hospitals by a joint committee of the legislature. In
Tennessee the governor, judges of courts, and members
of the general assembly are ex officio visitors of the hos-
pitals. In New York justices of the supreme court are
authorized to appoint visitoi-s to state hospitals upon
nomination of the state charities aid association.
The functions of a general state board are performed
by the boards of trustees of the insane hospitals of
Michigan (see Table 2) when they meet jointly twice
each year, or oftener, at different hospitals to adjust
questions pertaining to the institutions.
The commissioner of charities and corrections of
New Jereey has authority to summon as an advisory
board the chief executive officers of the state insti-
tutions and of all institutions in the state receiving
funds from the state treasury.
Among the boards shown in Table 1 the uncom-
pensated board is the more common, although several
salaried boards exist and only two of the seven boards
created since January 1, 1910, have uncompensated
members. Most of the boards of control have salaried
members, whereas practically all of the boards of
charities shown are made up of members who receive
no compensation (other than their necessary expenses).
Ex officio members who receive no compensation for
their services other than the salary of the position by
virtue of which they serve on the board are listed as
receiving no compensation.
Of the membei-s of the boards shown in this table
practically all either hold membersliip on the board
by virtue of their official positions or are appointed by
the governor. Tlie board of trustees controlling the
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
65
state hospitals in Alabama, however, is self-perpetu-
ating, and the members of the board of pubhc char-
ities of North CaroUna are elected by the general
assembly. Appointments made by the governor must
usually have the consent of the senate, or, in some
states, the council.
In stating the term of office of members the laws
frequently add some quahfying phrase such as "and
until a successor is appointed and quahfied" or "unless
sooner removed for cause," and in some cases members
hold office at the pleasure of the governor for a term
not to exceed a specified number of years. The speci-
fied number of years is shown in the table as the term
of office. In some cases, if members of boards fail to
attend regular meetings for a specified length of time,
their places may be declared vacant.
Among the restrictions with regard to the member-
ship of the general state boards which appear in the
statutes the most common relate to poUtical affiUa-
tions, such as provisions stating that not more than a
specified number of members may belong to the same
pohtical party, or the dominant pohtical party.
Women members are required on some of the boards.
For example, the board of hospital trustees in Maine,
the state board of charities and coiTections in the same
state, and the board of control of Wisconsin must each
have one woman member, while the state board of
charities in Connecticut and the state board of char-
ities and corrections in Missouri must each have two
women members. In Ohio there is a committee of
visitors composed entirely of women.
Restrictions with regard to the county or district of
residence of members of the general state boards or the
length of their residence in the state appear in the stat-
utes of some states. In Kansas, for instance, no two
members of the board of control of state charitable
institutions may be residents of counties in which any
state charitable institution is located, and in Kansas
and Wisconsin no two members may reside at the time
of appointment in the same congressional district.
The latter restriction also appUes in North Dakota, ac-
cording to a law of 1911.
Special knowledge or experience with I'egard to the
insane is not usually required by law in the case of any
membei-s of the general boards other than boards de-
voted exclusively to the insane. The board of admm-
istration in Illinois, however, must have one member
who is qualified to advise about the care and treatment
of the insane, while members of the Ohio board of ad-
ministration must be selected with regard to knowledge
concerning the care and treatment of the insane at the
institutions and concerning business management.
In the case of most of the state boards of insanity
one member must be a physician who has had experi-
ence in the treatment of the msane. The lunacy com-
mission of Maiyland must iaclude two physicians, each
a graduate of some legally authorized medical college
with at least five years' actual practice in medicine just
preceding the appointment; one of these must have
had at least two years' experience in the treatment of
the msane. Of the state board of insanity of lilassa-
chusetts at least two members must be experts ia
insanity and the executive officer must be a physician
and expert in insanity. One member of the state hos-
pital commission of New York must be a physician of at
least ten yeare' actual practice and five yeai-s' experi-
ence in the care and treatment of the insane in institu-
tions for the insane, and another must be an attorney
of at least ten years' standing. Similarly, the com-
mittee on lunacy of the board of public charities of
Pennsylvania must include a practicing physician of at
least ten yeai's' standing and a member of the bar of
at least ten years' standing. The state board of health
of New Hampshu-e, which constitutes a commission
of hmacy, comprises the governor, the attorney gen-
eral, three physicians, and a civil engineer. Of the
supervisors of the insane of Vermont two must be
physicians.
The general superintendent of state hospitals in Cali-
fornia is requh-ed to be a graduate of an incorporated
medical college with at least ten years' experience in his
profession as well as sis years' experience in the care
and treatment of the insane, at least one year of which
must have been in state hospitals of California.
Table 1.— GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE OR SUPERVISORY AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1,
CREATED SUBSEQUENTLY.
(For notes to this table, see p. 67.)
1910, OR
Num-
ber of
mem-
bers.
How chosen.
Term
of
office
(yrs.)
(')
Compensation.'
General character of duties.
AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, 1910.
The Alabama Insane Hospi-
tals.3
Board of Control
7
3
(')
7
5
7
2
2
Management of state insane hosf-itels.
Management of state charitable, penal,
and reformatory institutions.
Management of 3 (4 since 1911) state
charitable institutions.
Supervision of all public charitable, cor-
rectional, and penal institutions.
Administration of laws regarding care,
custody, and treatment of insane and
other incompetent persons.
Supervision of state hospitals.
Arizona
Governor and state auditor ex
olTicio; other member appointed
by governor.
State treasurer ex ofhcio; • others
appointed by governor.
Governor ex olEcio; others up-
pointed by governor.
Ex officio members,
none; other mem-
bensalary.
Ex officio members,
none; others, per
(Uem during ses-
sion.
Arkansas
Board of Trustees.
California
state Board of Charities and
Corrections.
State Commission in Lunacy. .
General Superintendent of
State Hospitals."
Appointed by governor
27622°— 14-
66
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 1 GENERAL ADMINISTRATIVE OR SUPERVISORY AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, 1910, OR
CREATED SUBSEQUENTLY— Continued,
(For notes to this table, see p. 67. )
Name.
Num-
ber of
mem-
bers.
How chosen.
Term
of
office
(yrs.)
(')
Compensation.'
General character of duties.
AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, 1910— Continued.
State Board of Charities and
Corrections.
State Board of Charities
5
.5
5
S
7
3
3
3
4
6
3
7
5
5
5
3
7
3
4
3
3
6
3
5
3
7
6
"10
9
3
»3
Governor ex officio: others ap-
pointed by governor.
Appointed by governor ....
6
4
3
None
None
Investigation of system of public chari-
ties and correctional institutions; in-
spection of chariiable and correctional
institutions and insane asylums receiv-
ing state, county, or municipal aid.
Supervision of all institutions where per-
District of Columbia.
Florida
Appointed by President of the
United SUtes.
None . .
sons are held under compulsion: in-
spection of institutions for dependent
classes.
Supervision of charitable, correctional,
and reformatory institutions and asso-
ciations which receive appropriations
from Congress for care or treatment of
residents of District of Columbia.
Supervision of state institutions: man-
agement of state hospital for insane.
Management of all slate charitable in-
stitutions; inspection of all places
where insane are detained.
Inspection of public charitable institu-
tions.
Investigation of system of public chari-
ties and correctional institutions.
Management of state charitable and cor-
rectional institutions; inspection of
county and private insane asylums.
Inspection of insane hospitals, especially
Investigation of treatment of insane.
Management of all state charitable Insti-
tutions; inspection of all places where
insane are detained: admmistration of
laws relating to insane.
Management of state charitable institti-
tions.
Inspection of public charitable and cor-
rectional institutions and private in-
sane asylums.
Management of state insane hospitals.
Inspection of insane hospitals, especially
Investigation of treatment of inmates.
Investigation of system of state aid to
Board of Commissioners of
State Institutions.
Board of Administration
'^bariti^s Commissi""
None
lUfnois
Appointed by governor .
6
5
3
8
Salary
None . .
Board of State Charities
Board of Control of State In-
stitutions.
Visiting Committee
Governor ex officio; others ap-
pointed by governor.
None
Per diem when ac-
tually employed.
Salary
Board of Control of State Char-
itable Institutions.
Kentucky State Board of Con-
trol for Charitable Institu-
tions.
State Board of Charities and
Corrections.
Committee of Trustees '»
Committee of Visitors
4
4
6
3
(»)
2
4
.5
s
6
fi
6
Kentucky
Appointed by governor.
Salary
Governor ex officio chairman;
others appointed by governor.
None
Maine .
Per diem when ac-
tually employed.
Per diem when ac-
tually employed.
None
Appointed by governor
Board of State Aid and Chari-
ties.
The Lunacy Commission
State Board of Insanity
The Board of Corrections and
Charities.
State Board of Control
State Board of Visitors for
Public Institutions.
State Board of Charities and
Corrections.
State Board of Commissioners
for the Insane.
Board of Public Lands and
Buildings.12
State Board of Charities and
Corrections.
Board of Commissioners
Commission of Lunacy "
Commissioner of Charities and
Correction.-;.
State Hospital Commission «.
The Board of Public Chari-
ties of the State of North
Carolina.
Board of Internal Improve-
ments.
Board of State Charities"....
Committee of Women Visitors
Commissioner of Charities and
Corrections.
Board of Public Charities
Board of State Charities and
Corrections."
State Board of Charities and
Corrections.
Visiting Committ«e
Appointed by governor -
Attorney general ex officio; others
appointed by governor.
Appointed bv governor. .
None .
institutions: inspection of institutions
receiving state aid.
Supervision of all institutions In which
insane are detained.
Supervision of all institutions for persons
of unsound mind.
Supervision of charitable, penal, and re-
formatory institutions.
None. ...
Michigan
Governor ex officio: others ap-
pointed by governor.
Governor ex officio: others ap-
pointed by governor.
Governor ex officio: others ap-
pointed by governor.
rectional institutions.
Inspection of state, county, and munici-
pal charitable and correctional Institu-
tions.
Investigation of system of public chari-
ties and corrections; inspection of all
charitable ana correctional institutions
and insane asylums receiving state,
county, or municipal aid.
Missouri..
None
Supervision of public lauds, buildings.
Ex officio, including governor.
None
and noneducational institutions.
Investigation of system of public chari-
ties.
Nevada. -
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New York
Governor and attorney general ex
officio: others appointed by gov-
ernor.
4
2
2
3
(»)
4
5
6
6
indigent insane; management of state
hospital for insane.
Supervision of all institutions for the in-
sane.
Inspection of all charitable and correo
tfonal institutions receiving state aid.
Supervision of the care, custody, and
treatment of insane.
Supervision of system of charitable and
penal Institutions of state; investiga-
tion of causes of mental and bodily
infirmity.
Investigation of public institutions, ex-
cept higher educational institutions
which are not also charitable.
Investigation of system of public benevo-
lent and correctional institutions.
Inspection oi benevolent, correctional,
and pena institutions of the state.
Investigation ot svstem of public chari-
ties and corrections; inspection of
charitable and correctional institu-
tions rece ving state, coimty, or muni-
cipal aid.
Investigation of charitable and correc-
tional institutions; inspection ot places
where msane are detained.
Supervision oi state charitable and cor-
rectional institutions; management of
state asylum for the insane.
Management of state charitable and
penal institutions.
Inspection of charitable and penal insti-
tutions ot the state.
Salary
North Carolina.
Elected by general assembly
Governor ex officio; others ap-
pointed by governor.
Governor ex officio; others ap-
pointed by governor.
Appointed by governor
None...
Ohio
No"e. ,
None
ovifthoma. . .
Elected
None
Rhode Island
SoathDakoU
Per diem when ac-
toaUy employed.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
67
Table 1.— OBNERAL
ADMINISTRATIVE OR SUPERVISORY AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, 1910, OR
CREATED SUBSEQUENTLY— Continued.
Num-
ber of
mem-
bers.
How chosen.
Term
of
office
(yrs.)
(')
lompensatlon.'
CenertI cliaracter of duU&j.
AGENCIES IN EXISTENCE ON JANUARY 1, 1910— Continued.
Tennessee
Utah
Vermont.,
Virginia...
Washington..
West Virginia
Wisconsin
Wyoming.
Board of State Charities.
Board of Insanity
Supervisors of the Insane 3
Board of Visitors i 3 or I
Governor ex officio; others ap-
pointed by governor.
Ex officio, including governor
Appointed by governor
3 ex oliclo, including governor;
at discretion of governor, 1
woman.
.Appointed by governor
Board of Charities aud Cor-
rection.s. I
General Board of Directors I {") i Commissioner of state hospitals
j j for insane, ex officio chairman;
' ' others appointed by governor.
State Board of Control.
State Board of Control .
State Board of Control .
Visiting Committee
3 Appointed by governor .
3 Appointed by governor .
Appointed by governor.
State Board of Charities and
Reform.
Appointed by governor (2 mem-
bers from senate, 4 from assem-
bly).
Ex officio, including governor
(2=)
None..
None..
None.
Commissioner of
state hospitals for
insane, salary; oth-
ers, none.
Salary
Salary..
Salary..
None...
None..
Inve^igation of system of public chari-
table and correctional institutions.
Supervision and control of insane per-
sons; management of State Mental
Hospital.
Supervision of the care, custody, and
treatment of the insane.
Investigation of various state institutions
and of public and private institutions
for insane.
Inspection of charitable and correctional
institutions.
Supervision of state insane hospitals.
Management of state charitable and cor-
rectional institutions; supervision of
state university, college, and normal
schools.
Management of all state noneducational
institutions.
Management of state charitable, reforma-
tory, aiid penal institutions; investiga-
titai of treatment of insane, et«.
Inspection of stat« charitable, reforma-
tory, aud penal institutions.
Supervision and control of state charita-
ble, reformatory, and penal institu-
tions, and of other such institutions,
except coimty jail and poor farm at
Lander.
AGENCIES CREATED SINCE JANUARY 1, 1910.
Maine
State Board of Charities and
Corrections.
Hospital Trustees.. . ...
■5
7
3
as
3
i
3
5
4
6
(I.)
2
4
Investigation of system of public chari-
Appointed bv governor
Per diem when ac-
tually employed.
ties and correctional institutions; in-
spection of charitable and correctional
iiLstituiion.s receiving state, county, or
municipal aid.
Management of state insane hospitals
Board of Commissioners of
State Institutions.
Board of Control
and s-hool for feeble-minded.
New Hampshire
.Vorth Dakota
2 ex officio, including governor;
purchasing agent and 2 other
members appointed by governor.
Appointed bv governor
Ex officio,none; pur-
chasing agent, sal-
t;ry; other mem-
bers, per diem.
Salary
tory, and penal institutions.
Management of state charitable institu-
Board of Control of State In-
stitutions.
Tho Ohio Board of Adminis-
tration.
Oregon Stale Board of Con-
trol.»
tions.
Management of all charitable, reforma-
Ohio
tory, and penal institutions cstablislied
by law, except Soldiers' Home; inves-
tigation of methods of caring for insane,
delinqiient, and criminal classes.
Management of state charitable and cor-
rectional institutions, except Ohio
Soldiers' and Sailors' Orphans' Home.
Management of state charitable and cor-
rectional institutions.
NOTES TO TABLE 1.
1 For other than ex officio members.
J In many instances, especially where the members of the board receive no compensation, there are provisions for the appointment of a salaried secretary or executive
officer, who in some states may be a member of the board. Traveling and other expenses incurred in performing the duties of the board are usually paid by the state or
an allowance in lieu of such expenses or mileage is granted. In the case of ex oflBcio members the term "none "means no compensation other than that of the office by virtue
of which they are members of the board.
» Legal name as given in act creating board.
* In case senate disaiUrras election of any trustee. It must declare office vacant and elect another person to serve balance of term.
* One appointed from each congressional district; state treasurer.
* The slate treasurer is ex officio president and treasurer of the board, but is not allowed to vote except in case of a tie.
^ At pleasure of governor in VJIO (4 since 1911).
« Ex officio a member of the State Commission in Lunacy.
9 Governor and administrative officers of executive departments.
'0 Superseded in 1911 by a board of trustees having control of the school for feeble-minded as well as the insane hospitals.
" Appointed annually.
•2 Superseded in 1913, in its relation to the insane hospitals, by the Board of Commissioners of State Institutions.
'3 Composed of the State Board of Health.
'* Prior to April 3, 1912, designated State Commission in Lunacy.
'4 Medical member, during good behavior; others, 6 years.
>« With the organization of the Board of Administration, all stale charitable and correctional mstitutlons, with the exception of the Soldiers' and Sailors' Home, were
placed In charge o? that board.
" Not including a salaried general agent and ?;wrolary, appointed by the board for a term of 3 years, who is ex officio a member of it.
'>* The board appoints an agent of state charities and corrections whose dnt ios include wneral supervision of the treatment of the insane.
19 Senate may elect member at January session if governor fails to make appointment during January or if senate has been in session for 3 days after making of appoint-
ment by govcnior without giving its advice and consent. In case a member appointed by governor when general assembly was not in sessiwi is in office at commencement
of :uiy session, if governor mjcs not within 7 tlays after commencement of session nomiaato person to (ill vaciincy, or if senate has been in session for 3 days after governor
has niadc nomination without giving its advice and consent, senate may elect person to fill vacancy for remainder of term.
^ Three members (all women).
»» Comprises all members of etich special board of directors (see Table 2).
^ Appointed biennially.
M lucludmg purchasing agent.
" PurcIuLsing agent, 3 yejirs; other appointc<l members. 4 years.
»o Created in 1913. superseding tho board of trustees of the state hospital at Salem (see Table 2), whose duties were originally restricted to the management of that msU-
tutlon. In 1911 the board was directed toarrangelor tho establishmontand equipment ol the Eastern Oregon State Hospital at Baker City and to apx>oint a supermtcndent
and assistants.
68
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
LOCAL AGENCIES — THE TOWN AND COUNTY OFFICIALS
CHARGED WITH OVEBSIGHT OF THE INSANE, INDIGENT,
AND OTHEKS.
. The county poorhouses, which contain most of the
insane maintamed in public institutions other than
state hospitals, are usually controlled by the general
administrative board of the county, such as the board
of county commissioners or coimty supei-visors, or, in
New Jersey, the board of chosen freeholdei-s. In some
states the coimty courts have charge of the almshouses
or the insane in almshouses.
New Hampshire is the only New England state hav-
ing coimty poorhouses, these being under the control
of the county convtnissionei-s. In 3910 some insane
persons were confined in these poorhouses, but accord-
ing to a law which became effective on January 1, 1913,
the state is now responsible for the care of all insane
persons, and no county, city, or town is permittad to
maintain any uistitution for the insane or be liable for
the board or care of insane persons. In Massachu-
setts also the state has by law entire responsibihty for
the care of the insane. The almshouses of Connecti-
cut, Maine, and Vermont are under the control of the
overseers of the poor of the towns (who in Connecticut
and Vermont are the selectmen). In all the states
outside New England, except New Mexico, there are
county poorhouses, and m practically all of these states
some insane persons are maintained m such institu-
tions.
County hoards. — In addition to the general admin-
istrative boards of the counties, such as the countj'
commissioners, county supervisors, etc., who usually
have duties and powers with regard to the insane,
certain county boards are provided for by law which
are more or less particularly concerned with the in-
sane. These fall into two main groups. The first
comprises the boards of commissioners of insanity,
who have general supervision over the care and cus-
tody of the insane in their respective counties or of
the insane belonging to their counties. Such boards
exist in Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma,
and South Dakota, each consisting of one ex officio
member and two other members who serve for
terms of two years, or until their successors are ap-
pointed and qualified. In Iowa and Nebraska one
member is the clerk of the district court (or in Iowa
the clerk or his deputy) and the others are appointed
by the judge of the district coiu't. In North Dakota,
Oklahoma, and South Dakota the county judge is ex
officio chakman of the commissioners of insanity,
while the other membei-s are appointed by the county
commissioners. In each of the five states named the
members appointed comprise a practicing physician
and a practicing lawyer. Commissioners of insanity
receive a per diem allowance for the time they are
actually employed in their duties as commissioners.
The law in Iowa provides for two such boards for
counties in which the district court is held in two
places — one board for each place.
The second group of county boards for which authori-
zation is contained in the laws, comprises uncompen-
sated boards of visitors for the inspection of chaiitable
and correctional institutions in Colorado, Missouri, Ohio,
and Pennsylvania, and boards of county charities and
corrections in Indiana, likewise to serve without com-
pensation. In Colorado, Missouri, and Indiana the
provisions state that each board is to consist of six
membei's appointed for terms of tliree years. In Penn-
sylvania the number of members provided for is three
or more and in both Oliio and Pennsylvania the term
of office is one year. There are six members of the
board in Ohio. Members are to be appointed by
the judge of the probate court in Colorado, or (ac-
cording to a law of 1911) if the probate judge in any
county fails to appoint a board or iiU vacancies, by
the state board of charities and corrections; by the
judge of the probate court also in Ohio; and by the
board of pubhc charities in Pennsylvania. In Indiana
and Missouri the county boards authorized are to be
formed upon the petition of 15 citizens or at the dis-
cretion of the judge of the circuit court, who, in either
case, appoints the members.
INSTITUTIONAL ADMINISTRATIVE AND SUPERVISORY
AGENCIES.
The next table summarizes the statutory provi-
sions relating to the boards charged with the con-
trol or supervision of individual institutions for the
insane on January 1, 1910. It does not include,
however, the general county boards, such as county
commissioners, supervisors, or superintendents of
the poor.
SUMMARY OF LAWS. 69
Table 2.— BOARDS CONTROLLING OR SUPERVISING INDIVIDUAL PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS FOR THE INSANE: 1910.
Name.
Num-
ber of
mem-
bers.
How chosen.
Term
of
office
(yrs.)
(0
Compensation. 3
California
Colorado
Comiecticut
Delaware
District of Columbia
Georgia
Idaho
Dlinois
Indiana .•.
Louisiana
Maryland 6
Massachusetts.
Michigan
Mississippi
Missouri
New Hamjwhire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina..
North Dakota..
Ohio
Oklahoma !>..
Oregon
P^msylvania
Bouth Carolina.
Tennessee
Board of managers for each state hospital
State board of lunacy commissioners for manage-
ment of the state hospital.
Board of tnistees for the Connecticut Hospital
for the Insane.
Board of trustees for the Norwk;h Hospital for
the Insane (since 1911 the Norwich State Hos-
pital for the Insane).
Board of trustees for the state hospital
Board of visitors for the Government hospital. .
Board of trustees for the stale hospital
Board of directors for the Idaho Insane Asylum .
Board of directors for the Northern Idaho Insane
Asylum. 3
Board of visitors for each state hospital
Board of tnistees for each general state hospital*.
Board of administrators for each state hospital.
Board of managers for the Maryland Hospital for
the Insane (since 1912 Spring Grove State
Hospital).
Board of managers for the Springfield State
Hospital.
Board of trustees for each general state institu-
tion for the insane.*
Board of trustees for each general state hospital. .
Board of trustees for the state asylum for the
criminal and dangerous insane at Ionia (since
1911 Ionia State Hospital).
Board of trustees for the State Psychopathic
Hospital.
Board of trustees for East Mississippi Insane
Hospital.
Board of tnistees for State Insane Hospital
Board of managers for each state hospital
Board of tnistees for the state hospital '
Board of visitors for the state hospital
Board of managei-s for each state hospital
Board of directors for the state hospital
Board of managers for each general state hospital t
Board of directors for each general state hospital ».
Board of trustees for the state hospital'^
Hoard of trustees for each state hospital u
Board of directoi-s for Longview Hospitapa
Board of ti-ustees for the state hospital at Supply.
Board of examiners for the state hospital at Sup-
ply.
Board of trustees for the state hospital at Salem " ,
Board of tnistees for each state hospital"
Board of managers for State Hospital for the
Insane, NoiTistown.
Board of regents for ihe state hospital
Board of trustees for each state hospital
Board of commissioners for each county asylum
for tho insane, etc.—
In counties having 150,000 population or over
(Shelby County).
Texas
Vermont. .
Virginia..
Wisconsin
In counties having 40,000 population,
less than 150,000.
Board of managers for each state hospital. .
Board of trustees for the state hospital
Board of directors for each state hospital . . .
Board of trustees for each county asylum . .
but
3
3
3
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor
Governor ex oflicio; others appointed by
senate.
Governor ex officio; others appointed by
senate.
Appointed by governor
Appointed by President of the United
States.
AppoJnte<i by governor
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor ,
Appointed by governor ,
Appointed by governor
Governor ex officio; others appointed by
governor.
Appointed by governor
Governor, state treasurer, and comptroller
of the treasury ex officio; others ap-
pointed by governor.
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor
One-half chosen from tnistees of state
asjiunis; others chosen from the regents
of the state university.
Appointed by governor
Governor ex olficio; others appointed by
governor.
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor ,
Governor and coimcil, president of the
senate, and speaker of the house ex
officio.
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor,
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor
Twomembersappointed by governor; one
by judf^es of court of common pleas of
Hamilton County; one by judpes of pro-
bate court of and for that couuty ; and one
by the commissioners of the same.
Governor ex officio; others apiiointed by
governor.
Appointed by the board of trustees for the
state hospital.
Ex officio, including governor
Appointed by governor
Five appointed by governor; two by coim-
cils of city of Philadelphia ; one by county
commissioners of each of tho counties of
Bucks, Montgomery, Delaware, Chester,
Northampton, and Lehigh.
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor
Chairman of county court ex officio; others
appointed by the court.
Elected by county court ,
Appointed by governor
Appointed by governor ,
Appointed by governor ,
Elected by county board ,
4
18 2
PtT diem when actually employed.
None.
None.
None.
Per diem In session.
None.
Salary.
Per diem when actually employed.
Per diem when actually employed.
None.
Salar>-.
None.
None.
None.
None.
Ex ofli< io, none; secretary, salary;
others per diem when actually em-
ployed.
Salary.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
None.
Per diem in session.
None.
None.
Per diem when actually employed.
Per diem when acttially employed.
None.
None.
None.
Per diem when actually employed.
Per diem wlien actually employed.
Ex officio member, none; others re-
ceive reasonable pay, allowed by
county court.
Reasonable pay allowed by county
court.
Per diem in session.
None.
Per diem when actually employed."
I For other than ex officio members.
3 Not including traveling and other expenses.
8 Name changed in PU3 to Northern Idaho Sanitarium.
* Provision was made in 1909 for the Indiana State Hospital for Insane Criminals at Michigan City, which has been established since 1910 and is imder thu management
of the board of trustees and warden of the state prison.
t> Provision was made in 1010 for a hospital for tho negro insane, which has since been established at Crownsville. It is governed by a board similar in composition to
that controlling the Springfield State Hospital. By an act approved April s, 1910, the Lunacy Commission has power to appoint a board of five uncompensated visitors
for each county asylum and almshouse where the insane are confined, to serve at its pleasure.
» Except that tlie W orcesler blate Asylum is under the control of the board of trustees of the Worcester Stale Hospital. The Bridgewater State Hospital (for the crim-
inal insane) and the State Infirmary at Tewksbiu"y are under the control of the board of trustees of the State Infirmary and State Farm.
' Superseded inl913 by Board of Control. (See Table 1.)
» Regulations for the institutions at Matteawanand Dannemora are made by the superintendent of state prisons, subject to the approval of the Commission in I^unacy
(since 1912 designated State Hospital tomniission).
• The state hospital for the dangerous insane is under the management of the board of directors of the state prison.
'« Superseded in 1911 by Board of Control. (Sne Table 1.)
" Superseded in 1911 by the Ohio Board of Administration.
»* Longview Hospital is a county institution under state supervision and receiving a state appropriation.
13 Provision was made in 1907 for the East Oklahoma Hospital, which was opened at Vinita in 1913. It is controlled by a board of trustees, comprismg the governor
as president ex officio and three trustees appointed by him toserve without compensation for terms of 3 years.
X Superseded in 1913 by Oregon State Board of Control. (See Table 1, note 25.) .
'* Except the State Hospital for the Insane at Norristown and the Pi.\mont Hospital, which is a semistate institution, having 3 man:\gers appointed annually
bv the governor.
'•By a law of 1913 the number of members was changed to 6 and term of office to 6 years.
»' Compensation same as for county board of supervisors. At time law was passed compensation of all county supervisors was a pet diem allowance, but a law of 1907,
amended in 1911 and 1913, prescribed a salary for supervisors in counties having 250,000 jwpulation or over.
70
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
The boards shown are all administrative in charac-
ter, with the exception of the visitatorial boards pro-
vided for in IlHnois, New Hampshire, and Oklahoma.
As in the case of the members of the general state
boards, appointments by the governor must usually
be confu'med by the senate. In Connecticut the gov-
ernor may fill vacancies occurring while the general
assembly is not in session, until its next regular
session.
Failure to attend meetings without a vahd excuse
in some states renders an office vacant. Among the
restrictions regarding the membership of these boards
may be noted the requirement in Delaware that three
members of the board controlling the state hospitals
be physicians.
In 17 of the 31 states shown the members of the
boards receive no compensation except traveling and
other necessary expenses.
Table 3 shows the legal provisions regarding the
qualifications and manner of appointment of the
chief executive ofiicers of the state institutions
for the insane for which reports were received in
1910. The table is restricted to officers having im-
mediate and exclusive control of the institutions.
No information is given here regardmg physicians or
wardens of prisons who are also chief officers of hos-
pitals for the crinainal msane.
Where the appointment is made by the governor
the confirmation of the senate is usually necessary^.
The superintendents of the general state hospitals in
New York ai'e appointed with the approval of the
board of managers of the respective hospitals, and the
superintendent of the Bridgewater State Hospital in
Massachusetts with the approval of the board of trus-
tees of the state infirmary. In Kansas the superin-
tendents are appointed with the consent of the gov-
ernor. In nearly all cases the governor or the con-
trolling boai'd of the hospital, or both, have the power
of removal. The terms of office specified range from
one year to "not less than ten yeai-s," but in many
cases no tenn is stated in the statutes.
With regard to experience the provisions vary from
the mere statement that the superintendent must be
a physician to the requhoment (in Colorado) of at
least ten years' pi'actice and five years' actual expe-
rience ui a hospital for the treatment of the insane.
The supermteiident of the Oklahoma Hospital for the
Insane at Supply must have spent immediately pre-
ceding his appointment either ten years in regular
practice or five years in practice as a specialist in dis-
eases of the human mind. For appomtment as super-
intendent of one of the hospitals for the insane in
New York five years' actual experience in a hospital
for the insane is necessaiy, except that for the position
of supermtendent of the Dannemora State Hospital
(for insane convicts) the same length of time spent as
a state prison physician is regarded as an equivalent.
Other state hospitals for the superintendents of which
experience in the treatment of the insane or in the
treatment of nervous diseases is a legal requisite are
those in California, the District of Columbia, Indiana,
Kansas, Michigan (except the State Psychopathic
Hospital), Missom-i, Tennessee, Texas, and Vermont,
as well as the Chester State Hospital and Peoria State
Hospital in Illinois, and the State Hospital for the
Insane at Danville, Pa.
Tablk 3.— chief executive OFFICERS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS FOR THE INSANE: 1910.
[For notes to this table, seo p. 71.]
By whom appointed.
Qualifications.
Alabama. .
Arizona...
Arkansas..
California.
Board of trustees (Alabama Insane Hospitals) '.
Governor
Board of Trustees
Board of managers of the hospital '
Colorado.
State board of lunacy commissioners .
Connecticut
Delaware *
District of Columbia
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois:
General state hospitals
Chester State Hospital (for insane criminals) . .
Peoria State Hospital (for the incurable in-
sane).
Indiana *
Iowa.
Board of trustees of the hospital
Graduate in medicine, of good business habits, and of good moral
character.
College graduate in medicine and surgery with at least 4 years*
practice.
Skillful physician, married.
Graduate of an incorporated medical college, of good moral character,
with at least 3 years' experience in the care and treatment of the
liLsane.'
Graduate of an incorporated medical college, with at least 10 years'
practice and 5 years' actual experience in a hospital for the treat-
ment of the insane.
Competent physician, not one of the trustees.
Secretary of the Interior
Board of Commissioners of State Institutions.
Board of trustees of the hospital
Board of directors of the hospital
Board of Administration.
Board of Administration.
Board of Administration .
Well educated physician experienced in the treatment of the insane.
Kansas
Kentucky..
Louisiana..
Maine
Maryland:
Maryland Hospital for the Insane (since 1912
Spring Grovo State Hospital).'
Massachusetts:
General state institutions «
Bridgewater State Hospital (for insane
criminals).
State InUnnaiy
Board of trustees of the hospital
Board of Control of State Institutions
Board of Control of State Charitable Institutions.
State Board of Control for Charitable Institutions
Board of administrators of the hospital
Committee of Tnistees of the Hospitals (Hospital
Trustees since 1911).
Board of managers of the hospital
Skillful physician, who has pas.sed a riRid and thorough examination.
Graduate In medicine with at least 5 years' practice.
Educated and competent physician.:'
Well educated physician experienced m the treatment of the Insane.
Well educated physician experienced in the treatment of the insane.
Reputable physician who has had experience in an institution lor the
insane.
Physician of acknowledged skill and abiUty In his profession who Is
authorized to practice medicine in the state.
Person with at least 2 years' experience as a superintendent or assists
ant in a similar institution, or a specialist in nervous diseases.
Skillful and competent physician with at least 3 years' practice.
Board of trustees of the institution .
Superintendent of the State Farm..
Physician.
AVell educated physician.
Physician.'
Physician.
Board of trustees of the State Infirmary and
State Farm.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
Table 3.— CHIEF EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF STATE INSTITUTIONS FOR THE INSANE: 1910— Continued.
71
STATE.
By whom appointed.
Qualifications.
Michigan:
Well educated, legally registered physician experienced In the treat-
ment of the insane.
Physician duly qualified and authorized to practice medicine and
surgery in the state, in good standing in his profession, and ex-
perienced in the treatment of the insane.
State Asylum (institution for the dangerous
and criminal in-sane called since 1911 Ionia
SUte Hospital).
State Psychopathic Hospital
Board of trustees of the hospital.
Board of trustee.^ of the hospital
(10)
Missiiislppl
(lovernor
Skilled physician.
Physician of knowledge, skill, and ability In his profession, ex-
perienced in the management and treatment of the insane.
Missouri. . .. ....
Board of managers of the hospital .
Nebraska: "
Physician of acknowledged skill and ability and a graduate of a regolar
medical college.
Nebraska State Hospital
Governor
Norfolk State Hospital
Npw Hampshirft 13
New Jersey. ...
Board of managers of the hospital .
Physir.ian.
Graduate in medicine with at lea^t 5 years' practice.
Well educated physician and a graduate of an incorporated medical
college, with at least 6 years' actual experience in an Institution for
the care and treatment of the insane. Superintendents of the homeo-
pathic hospitals must be homeopathic physicians.
Well educated physician with at least 5 j-ears' actual experience as a
state prison pnj-sician or in a hospital for the care and treatment of
the insane."
Well educated physician with at least 5 years' actual experience in a
hospital for the care and treatment of the insane.
Skilled physician of good moral character, prompt business habits,
and kmdly disposition.
Skilled physician of good moral character, prompt business habits,
and kmdly disposition.
Physician of acknowledged skill and ability, graduate of a reputable
medical college, and of good moral character.
Person of skill and experience in Ills profession and of good moral
character.
Skillful physician, graduate of a reputable medical college, with at
least 10 years' regular practice or 5 years' practice as a specialist In
diseases of the human mind immediately preceding the appoint-
ment.
Well educated graduate in medicine with at least 5 years' practice.
Skillful physician, married.
Competent and skillful physician.
Skillful physician familiar with the treatment of the insane, married.
New York: »
State Commission in Lunacy (designated State
Hospital Commission since 1912).
\icts).
Matteawan State Hospital cfor insane
Superintendent of state prisons
North Carolina:
Board of trustees of the hospital (Board of Con-
trol since 1911).
Board of trustees of the hospital (Ohio Board of
Administration since 1911).
Ohio
Pennsylvania: »
burg.
vania, Wemersville.
State Hospital for the Insane, Danville
State Hospital for the Insane (department for
State Hospital for the Insane (department for
State Hospital for the Insane, Warren
SkiUful physician.
Rhode Island
Board of State Charities and Corrections
Sf>nth rnrnlina
Governor
Physician.
Physician of acknowledged skill and ability , of good moral character,
and a graduate of a reputable medical col lege.
Skillful physician experienced in the treatment of the Insane; of good
moral character, prompt business habits, and kindly disposition;
married.
Skillful physician experienced in the treatment of insanity; married.
Well educa'ted physician with at least b years' practice.
Well educated physician experienced in the treatment of the insane.
Skilled physician.
Physician with at least 3 years' practice.
South Dakota
State Board of Charities and Corrections
Board of trustees of the hospital
TflnnwKpj" , , ,
Utah
Board of Insanity
Virginia
General Board of Directors
West Virginia
Wisconsin
State Board of Control
Wyoming
State Board of Charities and Reform
• One superintendent has charge of both state hospitals for the insane.
5 Subject to an examination under the directio j of the general superintendent of state hospitals.
» The superintendent of the Southern ralifornla State Hospital must be of the homeopathic school of medicine.
* No specific provision for the appointment of a superintendent. The board of trustees of the Delaware State Hospital appoints the physicians for that Institution.
5 The superintendent of the Watertown State Hospital must be a graduate in medicine and surgery from some reputable medical college and of acknowledged skill
in his profession.
" Provisions relate to the general state hospitals only. The State Hospital for Insane Criminals at Michigan City, established since 1910 in accordance with provisions
made in 1909, Is under the management of the board of trustees and warden of the state prison.
' No specific provision for the appointment of a superintendent for either the hospital for negro insane at Crowusville, established since 1910 in accordance with provisions
made in that year, or for the SprinePield State Hospital at SykesvUle. The boards of managers of the ijistitutions appoint the necessary officers and agents.
» The superintendent of the Worcester State Asylum is appointed by the board of trustees of the Worcester State Hospital.
' The superintendent of the Westboroueh State ITospital must be a homeopathic physician.
'• The superinlendcnt and physicians of the ?'ergus Falls State Hospital must be of the homeopathic school of medicine.
" Until 1913 the state hospital was managed imder contract. Under the present law the superintendent is appointed by the governor and must be a regularly licensed
physician.
" In provisions In force since 1913 it is prescribed that the superintendents of the Nebraska state hospitals be appointed by the Board of Commissioners of State Insti-
tutions, established in that year, and no qualifications are specified.
" No specific provision for the appointment of a superintendent. The board of trustees of the New Hampshire State Hospital appoints the physicians for that insti-
tution.
» The Psychiatric Institute connected with the Manhattan State Hospital is under a director appointed by the commission after a special civil service examination.
'■' Since 1912 the qualiflcatioiLs of the superintendent of the Dannemora State Hospital have been the same as those of superintendents of the general state hospitals.
'■ The superintendent of the East Oklahoma Hospital at Vinita, established since 1910 in accordance with provisions made in 1907, is appointed by the governor and
must be a skilled physician.
" According to an act of 1913 the superintendent of the Oregon State lasane .\sylum (now Oregon State Hospital), as well as the superintendent of the Eastern Oregon
State Hospital (provided for in 1911), is appointed by the Oregon State Hoard of Control, and must be a well-educated physician, no further qualification being spedOed.
'^ The T>Lxmont Hospital is a semistate institution, having three managers appointed annually by the governor.
•» No specific provision for the appointment of a superintendent. The board of managers of the State Hospital for the Insane at Norristown manages and directs the
a^alrs of tno institution and makes all necessary by-laws and regulations.
72
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
PKOYISIONS FOE THE CAEE OF THE INSANE.
Public institutions. — In Table 4 the pubUc insti-
tutions for the insane in which insane persons were
reported on January 1, 1910, are classified first as
state, county, municipal, and other; and a further
classification is made of the institutions in each gi-oup.
.Umshouses were not included imless they maintained
separate departments for the insane. Of the institu-
tions showai m this table 140 were state hospitals,
98 coimty institutions (49 hospitals and 49 insane
departments of almshouses), and 7 mimicipal insti-
tutions (3 hospitals and 4 insane departments of
almshouses). Of the state hospitals 127 were general
hospitals for the insane, 3 were for the chronic or
Lncm-able insane, 6 were for the criminal insane, and
the remainmg comprised 2 hospitals for epileptics,
the insane department of a state almshouse, and a
psychopathic hospital.
In addition to the institutions enumei-ated on Jan-
uary 1, 1910, several hospitals have since been com-
pleted or are in course of construction, among which
may be noted general hospitals for the insane in Cali-
fornia, Indiana, Kansas, Maryland, Oklahoma, Oregon,
and Washington ; hospitals for the criminal insane in
Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Minnesota, Ohio, and Penn-
sylvania; and a hospital for negro insane at Crowns-
ville, Md.
Coimty asylums for the insane, as wUl be seen by
reference to the table were enumerated in 1910 in
Illinois, Indiana, Maryland, Michigan, New Jersey,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, and Wisconsin.
The Wisconsin county institutions for the insane are
classed as separate institutions because, although some
are operated in connection with the county poor farm,
entirely separate buildings and lands are set apart and
the financial management is distinct. In anj^ coimty
which maintains both a poorhouse and a county
asylum for the chronic insane, however, the trustees
of the latter are ex officio superintendents of the poor
unless the county board orders otherwise.
In Indiana and Wisconsin the county insane asylums
are designed for the care of chronic or incurable cases,
but those in most of the other states would appear to
be open to persons of any degi'ee of mental derangement
who axe residents of the county to which they belong.
Some of the county institutions for the insane are
pai-tly under state control, as the Milwaukee Hospital
for the Insane and the Longview Hospital in Ohio.
By an act of 1913 provision has been made for the
ultimate acquisition of the latter by the state and its
operation as a state hospital.
Provisions specif cally authorizing the establish-
ment of coimty insane hospitals appear in the laws of
Indiana, New Jersey, North Carolina, Pennsylvania,
Tennessee, and Wisconsin; and in Michigan the laws
recognize the existence of a county insane asylum (that
• of Wayne County) by providing for the admission of
patients and their support. In Nortn Carolina, how-
ever, there were no such asylums among the institu-
tions in which insane persons were enmnerated on
January 1, 1910. Four county asylums with insane
departments exist in Tennessee. In Indiana, as in
Michigan, there was only a single county insane asylum
among the institutions for the insane as reported on
January 1, 1910. In contrast with the provisions
noted above, the law m Massachusetts, as well as that
which went into effect in New Hampshire on January
1, 1913, prohibits the estabUshment or maintenance by
any county of an institution for the insane.
In the statutes of several states there are specific
provisions for the care of the insane in county poor-
houses (or sections indicating that the insane are so
maintained either permanently or temporarily). Such
states include Ai'kansas, Delaware, Indiana, Iowa,
Maryland, Mississippi, Nebraska, New Jersey, North
Dakota, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, South Cai'olina (in
which the provisions apply only to the coimty and city
of Charleston), Tennessee, and Wisconsin. The laws
of Rhode Island indicate that insane pereons are not
maintained in town poorhouses except while awaiting
commitment to the 6tat« asylum. Ohio has a pro-
vision prohibiting the keeping of an insane person io a
coimty infirmary.
In the majority of states some insane paupers are
maintained in coimty almshouses, but there are only
a few states (as wdl be seen from Table 4) in which
any of the county almshouses have separate depart-
ments for the insane.
In New Mexico there is no pubhc almshouse, and in
the District of Columbia the Government Hospital for
the Insane is the only pubhc institution where insane
persons are permanently detained.
Some states have laws providing measures for the
temporary detention and observation of alleged insane
persons with a view to preventing commitment to an
insane hospital where this may be profitably avoided.
In addition to the psychopathic hospital listed in the
table and the psychopathic wards or institutes con-
nected with some state insane hospitals, which are
likewise covered by the statistics in this report, psycho-
pathic wards in general hospitals for the sick are main-
tained in some locahties. These are not represented in
the statistics of this report.
In Minnesota the state board of control is directed
by law to establish places of detention for the alleged
insane in every city in the state containing more than
50,000 inhabitants, and after the completion of the
detention hospitals all commitments from the dis-
trict in which the hospital is situated (except of the
criminal insane) must be made to that hospital.
In California the board of supervisors of each county
is required by law to maintain in a receiving hospital
or elsewhere in the county a suitable room or rooms
for the detention and treatment of the alleged insane
for a period of not less than 1 nor more than 20 days.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
73
In Ohio the county commissioners, upon the request
of the probate judge, are authorized to establish, in
proximity to the probate court, a detention hospital
for alleged insane persons, to be under the charge of a
registered physician appointed as superintendent b}-
the probate judge. The establishment of psychopathic
wards in general hospitals for the sick was authorized
in Pennsylvania by an act of 1911.
Table 4.— PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS ' FOR THE INSANE FROM WHICH INSANE AVERE REPORTED: JANUARY 1, 1910.
Total.
STATE.
CODNTT. ' MUNICIPAL.
STATE.
Total."
General.'
For
criminal
or dan-
gerous
insane.
For
chronic
or incur-
able
insane.
Total.
Insane
insti-
tutions.
Insane
depart-
ments
of alms-
houses.
hospitals,
etc.
Total, j
i
Insane
in.sti-
tutions.
Insane
depart-
ments
of alms-
houses.
other.
United States. .. . .
248
140
127
6
3
98
49
49
7
3
4
3
2
1
1
5
2
2
1
I
1
I
2
9
6
30
3
3
2
2
9
12
7
5
2
8
I
3
1
2
11
1
16
4
1
7
1
1
19
1
1
2
7
3
1
1
4
2
3
37
1
2
1
1
3
1
2
1
<2
1
1
'5
1
2
■■ 1 ; 1
1
::::::;::::::;::::::
•1
Florida
1
1
2
7
5
4
3
3
2
2
12
6
5
2
4
1
3
1
1
2
1
16
4
1
6
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
1
1
4
2
3
2
1
1
1
2
5
5
4
2
3
2
2
2
>9
4
»5
2
'14
* 3
4 4
1 Q
1
::::::::;::;:::::::
1
!
1
1
2
1
2G
1
1
1
!
26
1
■R"(»ntiipVv
;
i
6
2
4
li
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
L
1
9
1
3
e
2
1
Ohio
1
1
It
,|
1
10
3
7
3 1
2
•1
» 1
4
4
Utah
Wix^t Virtrinia
1
35
34
10 1
1
II
» Include insane departments of institutions not primarily for the insane.
•Includes the State Infirmary at Tewksbury, Mass., which has insane wards; the hospitals for epileptics in Kansas and Massachusetts; and the State Psychopathic
Hospital at Ann Arbor, Mich.
• Includes 5 homeopathic hospitals and 3 hospitals for the colored insane.
• Includes 1 hospital for the colored insane.
• Includes 1 homeopathic hospital.
• Maintained by the Federal Government.
' Includes 2 homeoiiathic hospitals.
• Dixmont Hosnital is a semistate institution.
» The .\sylum for Insane Indians at Canton is maintained by the Federal Government.
'•Clark County Poorhousc, from which 2 insane persons were reported for January 1, 1910.
Private institutions. — Private institutions for the
insane arc subject to the supervision of the general
state boards charged with oversight of the insane (or
one of such boards) in California, Connecticut, Illinois,
Iowa, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hamp-
shire, New Jersey, New York, North Carolina, Pennsyl-
vania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Wisconsin. In
Georgia such institutions are subject to inspection by
the superintendent of the Geoi^a State Sanitarium and
the chairman of the state board of medical examiners.
The laws of Colorado give the county boards of visitors
power to inspect private institutions for the insane
in their respective counties. In Ohio the county
commissioners or th<> municipal boards of health are
74
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
authorized to exercise such power. Licenses are
required for private institutions for the insane in
CaUfomia, Kansas, Maryland, Massachusetts (except
m special cases), New Jersey, New York, North
Carolina, Oregon (by a law of 1911), Pennsylvania
(except in special cases), Tennessee, and Vermont.
In these states one of the general state boards or agencies
(see Table 1) or a committee of such board, as in Penn-
sylvania, is empowered to license private institutions
for the insane, except that in Connecticut such licenses
are granted by the governor, in Massachusetts by the
governor and coimcil upon the recommendation of
the state board of insanity, in Oregon by the county
court, and in Tennessee by the clerk of the county
court.
According to the laws of some states persons may
not be admitted to any institution for the insane,
whether public or private, without judicial order.
Outside of institutions. — In the majority of the states
no specific provisions for the care of the insane outside
of mstitutions are fomid in the statutes. The county
authorities are in some states made responsible for the
care of harmless, incm-able, indigent insane persons
who can not be admitted to a state asylimi, but pre-
svunably place them in most cases in a coimty asylum
for the insane, if there is one, or in the county alms-
house. The cotmty officers must, in some states, pro-
vide temporarily for the care and custody of violent
as well as harmless cases when there is no vacancy in
the state hospitals. In most of the states where there
is no specific authorization in the statutes for the care
of insane persons by the county authorities, miless
the state is declared liable for the support of all insane
persons, the coimty authorities, by reason of theii*
responsibility for the dependent poor, probably have
power to arrange for the care and custody of the
indigent insane. In many states a person adjudged
insane may be given over into the care and custody
of relatives or friends.
The only states in which the laws specify that insane
persons may be boarded out by the hospital authorities
are Illinois, where any insane patient in a state hospital
may be placed at board in a suitable family home by
the board of administration; Massachusetts, where
harmless patients of any institutions for the insane,
other than persons committed as inebriates, may be
placed at board in families by the state board of
iasanity or by trustees of the institutions ; and Minne-
sota, where an incurable insane patient of a hospital
may be placed in a suitable jirivate family by the
superintendent of the hospital.
CLASSES COMMITTED.
With respect to the degree of derangement which
renders a person a suitable case for admission to state
institutions for the insane no general statement can
be made, on account of the vagueness of the terms
Msed in the statutes to denote the various kinds or
stages of mental unsoundness, and the fact that a term
is sometimes used in a more inclusive sense in one sec-
tion of the laws than in another. For example, in
states whose laws contain a definition of the term
"insane person," sections stating what classes of per-
sons may be admitted to the state hospital for the
insane sometimes construe the term "msane" in a
narrower sense. And in some states the sections pre-
scribing the legal pi'ocedm-e for committing persons
to the state hospitals Umit the class of persons to be
thus committed to a smaller gi'oup than the sections
relating to classes of persons admitted to such insti-
tutions. It should, of course, be noted that in many
states persons are admitted to the state insane hos-
pitals as volimtary patients or otherwise as pay
patients whose mental derangement is not such that
they may be committed by the com-ts. Fm-thermore,
the legal definition of an insane person is frequently
meant to cover all adults for whom guardians may be
appointed, and therefore mcludes persons whose mental
incompetence is not such as to warrant their commit-
ment to an institution or even then* restraint.
In the following states the sections of the law defining
the term "insane person,"' or "person of insane
mind," expressly include idiots xmder that heading:
Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, the District of
Columbia, Florida, Illinois (in a section giving general
niles for constiiiing the statutes), Iowa (likewise in a
section giving rules for construing the statutes),
Louisiana, Massachusetts, Mumesota (in one section),
Missom-i, Montana, New Hampshire, Oregon, Rhode
Island, Utah, West Virginia (though the term "luna-
tic" is defined as mcludmg every insane person who
is not an idiot), Wisconsin, and Wyoming. On the
other hand, the legal definition of the term "insane
person" excludes idiots or imbecUes, or both, in Kansas,
Michigan, Minnesota (in a section relating to probate
coiu-ts), New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, and Vir-
ginia; and in the statutes of lUinois, in a definition of
the word "insane" contained in a chapter relating to
commitment, it is stated that idiots are not to be
regarded as insane. In sections of the laws of Iowa
(in a chapter relating to the care of the insane), Mis-
souri, Nebraska,^ North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, and
South Dakota, the term "insane" is defined as includ-
ing every species of mental derangement ; but it is not
clear from this whether idiots are included, iilthough
the fact that this definition is followed in the case of
Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota, Ohio, Oklahoma, and
South Dakota by a statement that the term "idiot"
is restricted to persons supposed to be naturally "with-
out mind" woxild appear to indicate that the term
"insane" is not intended to include idiots in those
states.
• According to the definitions in the Maine statutes, the words
"insane person" may include idiots except in the chapter relating
to the insane hospitals.
' According to a section omitted in the Revised Statutes of 1913.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
75
The states in which the provisions regarding per-
sons to bo admitted to the general state insane hos-
pitals either expressly exclude mere idiots from the
classes to be admitted or indicate that such persons
are not considered suitable patients, are the following:
Alabama, Cahfornia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Iowa,
Kentucky, Maim', Michigan, Miruxesota (except for the
asylums for dangerous insane at St. Peter State Hos-
pital), Mississippi, New Mexico, Now York, North
Carolina, North Dakota, Oklahoma, South Dakota,
Texas, Vermont, Virginia, Washington, West Virginia,
and Wisconsin. In Georgia harmless idiots and other
harmless subjects not requiring hospital treatment
may be refused admission to the Georgia State Sani-
tarium as long as there are recent and dangerous cases
unprovided for.
In contrast to the states named in the last para-
graph, Oregon had in 1910 a provision (repealed in
1913) specifically including idiots, if they had been
legally adjudged idiotic, among the classes who might
be committed to the state hospital. Idiots and feeble-
minded persons may be admitted to the Nevada
Hospital for Mental Diseases if they have certain
prescribed residence qualifications; and the feeble-
minded and noninsane epileptics are admitted to the
State Mental Hospital of Utah.
No restrictions as to the degree of mental unsound-
ness of persons to be committed to the state asylums
for the insane are found in the statutes of Connecticut,
Louisiana, Maryland, Massachusetts (except when the
person in question has not been an inhabitant of the
state throughout the six months preceding his trial
and no satisfactory provision has been made for his
maintenance at the hospital), Missouri, New Jersey,
Pennsylvania, South Carolina, Tennessee, and Utah;
nor are any such restrictions made in the provisions
of law relating to the Government Hospital for the
Lisane in Washington, D. C.
It will be noted by a comparison of the groups of
states named iji the preceding paragraphs that some
of the states in wliich the term "insane person" is held
to include idiots, exclude them from the classes eligible
for admission to the general state hospitid, while
others have no restrictions as to the degree of derange-
ment of persons to be admitted to the state hospital.
In the latter gi'oup of states it seems probable that the
decision as to whether a person is a fit subject for
treatment in the state hospital is made by the com-
mitting authority.
Only the dangerous insane or jioi-sons whose mental
disorder is such as to endanger health, person, or
property may be committed to the state insane
hospitals through regular commitment proceedings'
in Arizona, Cahfornia, Montana, Nevada (unless the
insane person has certain pr(!scribed r&sidence qualifi-
cations), and New Hampshii-e. In Arkansas the
' That is, the regular form of application states that the person's
being at largo is dangerous to the community, etc.
appUcation for commitment must state that the per-
son's being at large is dangerous to the community
or prejudicial to Ms chances of recovery, and in
Oregon (according to the law in force since 1913) it
must state that the pei-son by reason of insanity is
unsafe to be at large or is suft'ering from exjjosure or
neglect.
The harmless insane, or those who are harmless and
incurable, are declared not to be fit patients for the
state hospitals in California, Florida, Kentucky, New
York, and Vermont. In Alabama simple, harmless,
incurable "dements," dotards, and imbeciles are classed
as not being fit patients for the state hospitals.
Epileptics as such are by law excluded from the
persons who may be committed to the state hospitals
for the insana in California, Kentucky, Michigan
(except under certain conditions), and New York.
Insane epileptics are probablv admitted to state hos-
pitals for the insane in most states, unless a separate
institution for epileptics is maintained.
The states vary considerably with regard to the
admission of inebriates, drug users, etc;. In the fol-
lowing states the statutes specify that inebriates may
be admitted to state hospitals for the insane: Cali-
fornia (1911), Idaho (1913), Iowa (females), Massa-
chusetts (females), Michigan, Nebraska, Now Jersey,
South Carolina, and Vermont. In Wisconsin inebri-
ates may be committed to county asylums for the
insane. Demented inebriates may be admitted to
the Georgia State Sanitarium.
On the other hand, in Alabama the law states that
no class of patients other than the insane shall be
admitted to the state hospitals, and in Cahfornia
prior to 1911, persons suffering from acute mania a
potu were excluded from the state hospitals.
The admission of drug users to state hospitals is
expressly permitted by the laws of California (1911),
Idaho (1913), Iowa (females), Massachusetts (fe-
males), Michigan, Nebraska, South Carolina, and
Vermont.
In some states there are restrictions with regard to
the length of residence rendering a person eUgible for
admission to the state hospitals.
Within the limits prescribed by law the suitabihty
of a case for commitment to a state hospital is usually
determined by tlie committing authority or by the
superintendent or board in control of the institution.
LEGAL PROCEDURE IN COMMITMENT.
The legal procedure prescribed for securing the
commitment of an insane person to an institution is
in most states somewhat as follows : Some one makes
written application to a designated com't or judge (or
to county commissioners of insanity) in a sworn
statement alleging that the person (either a resident
of the county or found within the coimty) whose
commitment is sought is insane. The judge then
causes two regular practicing physicians (in some
76
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
states special medical examiners) to examine the per-
son alleged to be insane and report their conclusions as
to his sanity. As a rule, neither of these physicians
may be related by blood or marriage to the alleged
insane person nor interested, financially or otherwdse,
in the asylum to which the pei'son is to be committed.
The judge is authorized to summon witnesses and in
some cases to call a jury. After hearing the evidence
the judge or the juiy decides as to the sanitj' of the
alleged insane person, and if the judge beUeves him a
fit subject for confinement in an institution, he must
issue an order for commitment.
There are numerous exceptions to this manner of
procedure, as will be noted bj^ examination of Table 5.
In some states the only legal requirement regai'ding
medical testimony is that a physician or physicians
be included among the mtnesses ; in others the person
applying for the commitment is requu'ed to submit
certificates of physicians with the appHcation, and
such certificates sometimes constitute the only medi-
cal testimony requii-ed. Where a board determines
the question of the sanity of the person under ex-
amination, one member is usually a physician, as in
the case of the commissioners of insanity in Iowa,
Nebraska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and South
Dakota; and in one of the states where provision is
made for trial bj' jury the law specifies that one
member of the jury should be a physician. Even in
the few states whose laws make no specifications as
to medical testimony the judge presumably is em-
powered to obtain testimony from physicians. In
South Carolina a judge, and in Wyoming a jmy, de-
termines the insanity of the person in question before
a physician's certificate of Ivmacy is secured.
As shown by the headnote, Table 5 gives infor-
mation regarding regular procedure in commitment
to the state hospitals for the insane, but does not
indicate states in which pay patients may be com-
mitted to the hospital without court proceedings. A
list of such states is given on page 77. In some cases
it is probably necessary that the person should have
been previously adjudged insane or have a guardian.
The table does not give information about voluntary
commitments nor provisions for temporaiy commit-
ment unless these are involved in the procedure pre-
scribed for indefinite commitment, nor does it cover
transfers from other public institutions. While it is
contrary to the Federal Constitution to deprive a per-
son of his liberty permanently without " due process of
law," an insane person may be taken into custody tem-
porarily without legal process. For more than tempo-
rary detention, however, proceedings which shall con-
stitute "due process of law" must be had within a rea-
sonable time. According to decisions of several courts,
"due process of law is not confined to judicial pro-
ceedings, but extends to every case which may deprive
a citizen of life, liberty, or property, whether the pro-
ceedings be judicial, administrative, or executive."*
For the pui-pose of committing insane persons to the
state hospitals, judicial duties are sometimes devolved
upon boards such as the commissioners of insanity and
other administrative boards or officers.
According to the laws of Delaware, insane persons
may be admitted to the state hospital by the written
order of any one of the trustees, upon the certificate of
two practicing physicians of tlie county where the
person resides. In all the other states commitments,
other than temporary, to a state hospital for the in-
sane, except in the case of pay patients or voluntaiy
patients, are regidarly made by some judicial officer or
ofiicers, except tliat in Maine the municipal officers
have the same jurisdiction as the probate judge over
commitments, and in Maryland indigent insane per-
sons are committed by the coimty commissioners of
the several counties or the supervisoi-s of city charities
in Baltimore. In Iowa, Nebraska, North Dakota,
Oklahoma, and South Dakota the county commis-
sioners of insanity have jurisdiction of commitments
to the state hospitals.
Although it has been held that the Federal Constitu-
tion requires that due notice of the intended proceed-
ings should be given to an alleged insane person, there
are few states in which the statutes specifically require
that notice be given in such cases. Notification of the
alleged insane person is expressly required by statute
in California, Colorado (except imder certain condi-
tions), Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Maine,Mississippi,
New Jersey (since 1913), Rhode Island, and Vei-mont
(according to a provision of 1910), but is left to the
discretion of the committing authority in Michigan,
Nebraska, New Hampshire, New York, and Wisconsin.
In the other states there are no specific provisions.
A trial by jury is not held to be necessary for the
commitment of an insane person imless it is required
by the state constitution or statutory law. A jury
trial is prescribed by the laws of Colorado, the District
of Columbia, Kentucky, Mississippi, and Wyoming,
and was required in Texas until an amendment of
1913 substituted a commission for the jury. Such a
trial must be held if demanded in behalf of the alleged
insane person in Illinois, Kansas, Maryland, Michigan,
Washington, and Wisconsin. If tlie judge deems it
advisable he may call a jury in Alabama, lUinois,
Kansas, Massachusetts, Michigan, Missouii, and New
Jersey. In Maryland and Jlichigan persons concerned
who are not necessarily acting in behalf of the alleged
insane person may demand a trial by jury, and in Cali-
fornia any person aggrieved by the failure of the judge
to commit an alleged insane person has this privilege.
In certain states, as shown on page 82, appeals from
ordei's of commitment may be tried before courts
which grant a trial by jury. A fist of states in which
' National conference of charities and correctionB, Proceedings,
1910, p. 260.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
77
the laws specifically state that persons found to be in-
sane may have their sanitj' tested by habeas corpus
proceedings is given on page 85.
In California, according to an act of 1913, the court
may commit persons found on examination as pro-
vided by law to be mentally sick and bordering on
insanity, but not dangerously insane, to the care and
custody of psychopathic probation officers, or the
court may allow such a person to be held in his own
home or in a suitable home or sanitarium, subject to
the supervision of the psychopathic probation officer
and the further order of the court. The office of psy-
chopathic probation officer maj' be created in any
county in the state by the board of supei-visors of the
county.
Pay patients committed witlwut judicial j^roceedings. —
In a large number of states the laws contain specific
provisions to the effect that persons may be admitted
as pay patients to the state hospitals without the
regular legal procedure prescribed for commitment to
the institution; and it seems probable that in some
states where no such provisions appear in the laws
either the superintendent or the board controlfing the
iiLstitution has authority to admit as a pay patient a
person not regularly committed whose guardian, rela-
tives, or friends desire to make such an arrangement.
The laws in several states require the presentation of
a certificate of insanity signed by a physician, or by
two or more physicians. Table 9, on page 86, shows in
what states pay is charged for patients committed by
formal proceedings and what persons are responsible.
Nonresident insane persons may be admitted as pay
patients in Delaware, Georgia, North Dakota, Okla-
homa, South Carohna, South Dakota, Virginia, and
West Virginia; but in South Carohna and West Vir-
ginia the proceedings indicated in Table 5 arc neces-
sary. In CaUfornia United States soldiers and sailors
maj' be admitted as pay patients, even though they
are not residents, and in Connecticut nonresident pau-
pers may be committed to the state hospital by the
governor upon the presentation of a certificate signed
bj' a reputable physician.
Provisions regarding voluntary patients are noted
in the next section. The following states have specific
provisions authorizing the admission of pay patients,
other than voluntary patients, not committed by
judicial proceedings: Cafifornia, Delaware, the District
of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi,
Missouri, New Hampshire, New Jersey, North Dakota,
Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South Dakota,
Tennessee, Texas, Vermont, Virginia, and Wyoming.
Voluntary commitntient. — In 1.5 states the statutes
provide for voluntary commitments to the state in-
sane hospitals — that is, a person who of his own accord
appUes tosuch aho.spital for treatment may be detained
there if there is room to accommodate him. In some
of these states such persons may be admitted only as
pay patients.
With regard to the class of persons who may be ad-
mitted as voluntary patients there is usually some
specification in the laws, as that the person seeking
admission should be in the early stages of insanity, or
should not have reached a degree of derangement
which would render it legal to grant an order for his
commitment as an insane person, or that he must
comprehend the act of voluntary commitment, etc.
In Miclugan the application must be accompanied by
a certificate signed by two physicians stating that the
person needs asylum treatment but is not insane. A
physician's certificate is necessary for the commit-
ment of a voluntary patient in North Carolina, and a
certificate signed by two physicians in Wisconsin.
The period for which a voluntary patient may be
detained is hmited in Ohio to 60 days, and in Pennsyl-
vania to one month, with the privilege of renewal.
Some laws prescribe that a person may not be held
as a voluntary patient after his condition becomes
such that he should be regularly committed to some
hospital.
A voluntary patient may not be detained for more
than a certain specified length of time after he has
made written request to be allowed to go at large, this
period ranging from 24 hours to 10 days.
The following is a list of the states having provisions
regarding voluntary patients: California (1911), Colo-
rado, Connecticut, IlUnois, Maryland, Massachusetts,
Michigan, New Jersey, New York, North Carohna,
Ohio, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, Virginia
(1914), and Wisconsin.
In Minnesota there are provisions for voluntary
commitment to detention hospitals. The superin-
tendent may continue the detention of such a patient
when he deems it advisable, and if the patient asks
to bo released, and it is considered unsafe, must witliin
three days call in the state hospital commission (see
Table 5, note 20) to determine whether the patient is
insane. If found insane the patient must be com-
mitted to the state hospital; otherwise he must be
released.
78
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 5.— PROCEDURE IN COMMITMENT
ITheproviskmasummariied b«low relate only to regular procedure prescribed for coBunitting persons to the state institutions for the insane. Proceedings incases where
a person insane are not shown unless such proceedings are involved in the formal commitment of persons to the state hospitals. For lists of states in which pay
Person making application.
1
Authority to whom application is made.
i
Presence of alleged insane person at
hearing or trial required.
38
Alabama..
Arixona. .
Arkansas.
California
Colorado . . . .
Cormecticut .
Delaware
District of Columbia'.
Florida
Georgia'
Idaho...
Illinois..
Indiana.
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky .
Louisiana ".
Maine "
Maryland ".
Massachusetts.
Michigan
Minnesota".
Mississippi".
Missouri^
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire ".
New Jersey »^
New Mexico.
New York ".
North Carolina .
North Dakota.
Ohio
Oklahoma
Or^on *i
Pennsylvania .
Anyone
Anyone
Any reputable citizen of state.
Anyone
.\ny reputable person.
Anyone
Anyone.
Probate Judge of county of residence of alleged
insane person.
Probate judge (since I913judge of superior court) .
County and probate judge of county of residence
of alleged msane person.
County magistrate.
County judge
Probate court '
At discretion of judge.
Yes
Yes
At discretion of court.
Commissioners of District of Columbia
5 reputable citizprLs (not more than 1
may be a relatiye of alleged insane
person. )
An vone
Anyone
Any reputable cit izen of covmty
A respectable citizen of county of residence.
Anyone
Any reputable cil izen of town or township.
Anyone
Anyone .
.\uy blood relatiye, the husband or wife,
or a justice of peace.
.\nyone
Near relative or certain officials.
Near relative or guardian
Any citizen
Any clt izen of county of residenceof alleged
insane person.
Magistrate of county
Anyone.
Anyone.
Anyone.
Anyone.
Anyone.
Anyone with whom alleged insane person
lives, near relative, next of kin avail-
able, committee of his person, or an over-
seer of poor.
Any respectable citizen of county of resi-
dence of alleged insane person.
Rhode Island ". .
.Anyone
Any resident citizen of cotmty .
Superintendent of state hospital •.
Equity court
County judge or circuit court judge.
County ordinary- (or, in certain cases,' judge of
superior court).
Magistrate of county
Clerk of county court
Justice of peace of county
County commissioners of insanity .
Alleged insane person may in certain
cases' be arrested.
Alleged insane person must be arrested and
taken before judge of a court of record.
As circumstances warrant
Probate judge
Circuit coiu-t, if in session in county; otherwise
a judge of a circuit court or presiding judge of
county court.
Judge of district coiu-t (district court or j)arish
court in provisions relating to hospual at
Jackson).
Municipal officers (acting as board of examiners)
or probate judge.
County commis-sioners of county (or if person
resides in Baltimore, supervisors of city chari-
ties of department of charities and corrections
of Baltimore).
Either of judges of probate for Sufiolk County,
judge of probate for Nantucket County, or a
justice (not a special justice except in cases of
emergency) of a police, district, or municipal
court (except municipal court of Boston).
Probate court
At discretion of commissioners of insanity
Unless certified by credible person to be
inadvisable,
Unless certified by 2 regular practicing
physicians to be unsafe.
Presence permitted .
Probate judge of county of residence of alleged
insane person.
Examination by jndge, at his discretion. . .
Presence permitted unless deemed unsafe
by judge.
Clerk of chancery court.
Clerk of county court —
Yes.
Any district judge in the county; in absence of
such, chairman of board of county commis-
sioners.
County commissioners of insanity
Yes.
Judge of district court; in his absence, coimty
clerk.
Probate judge, supreme cotut, or any justice of
supreme court.
Justice of supreme court presiding in com-ts of
county of residence of alleged insane person,
or judge of circuit court, or jadga of court of
common pleas.
Justice of peace
Yes.
Judge of a court of record of city or coimty, or
justice of supreme court.
Clerk of superior com-t (in an emergency, Justice
of peace makes examination).
Coimty commissioners of insanity .
Alleged insane person must be brought
before judge by peace officer.
Personal examination by clerk .
Probate judge: in his absence, judge of court of
common pleas.
Anyone County commissioners of insanity
Any citizen
Any respectable citizen .
Anyoae.
At discretion of commissioners of insanity.
Alleged insane person must be brought
before judge or visited by judge.
At discretion of commissioners of insanity.
Coimty j udge
Coort of common pleas or quarter
Any justice of supreme court.
Yes
Statements of alleged insane person or his
counsel must be heard by examining
commission.
Yes
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
79
TO GENERAL STATE HOSPITALS.
application w made merely for the confmement or restraint of the person alleged to be insane or his temporary commitment to the hospital and proceedings for adjudging
patients and voluntary patients, respectively, may be admitted to the state hospitals without judicial proceedings, see p. 77. For notes to this table, see pp. 80 and 81.J
.VIedical testimony.
4
Trial by Jury.
5
Authority determining insanity.
Authority committing.
7
1 physician
2 (since 1913, 1 or more) reputable practi-
tioners of medicine.
2 reputable, competent, and disinterested
physicians, examining at different times
and places.*
At least 2 medical examiners'
(")
At least 2 reputable and qualified physi-
cians selected by coiu-t.^
2 practicing physicians, examining sep-
arately.'
At discretion of Judge.
Jury, if called; otherwise probate judge. .
Probate judge (since 1913 judge of superior
court).
County and probate judge
(')
Yes.
Judge of superior court of coimty .
Jury
Probate coiut
2practicing physicians of good professional
standing, residents of the coimty.
1 physician (see coltunn 6)
Yes.
1 or more graduates in medicine.
1 or more physicians
2 reputable practicing physicians of
county."
1 practicing physician of county (who
may be one of commissioners) appointed
by commissioners.
1 qualified physician
If demanded, or if deemed ad-
visable by judge.
If person imder examhiatlon is not present ,
2 regular practicing physicians.
If demanded, or if deemed ad-
visable by eotut.
Yes
2 reputable physicians
2 qualified physicians examining sepa-
rately."
2 physicians (3 if deemed advisable by
Judge)."
2 reputable physicians ".
If demanded by alleged insane
person or any of his relatives
or friends or requested by
commissioners (or supervi-
sors of city charities of Balti-
more}, jury is convened by
circuit court of county (or by
criminal court of Baltimore).
At discretion of judge
Board of 3 physicians (1 the family physi-
cian , if there is such ) appointed by j udge
of probate, determines whether alleged
insane person needs treatment at deten-
tion hospital.
If demanded; otherwise at dis-
cretion of court.
1 physician
At least 2 graduates in medicine.
Yes
If ordered.
1 regular practicing physician appointed
by commissioners.
1 or more licensed practicing physicians . . .
2 reputable physicians may be appointed
by courtor judge."
2 physicians "
At discretion of Judge.
At least 1 witness must be a graduate In
medicine.
At least 2 qualifled examiners in lunacy".
2 physicians >*.,
1 regular practicing physician of county
(who may be one of commissioners), ap-
pointed by commissioners.
2 reputable physicians ">
1 regular practicing physician of county
(who may be one of commissioners), ap-
pointed by commissioners.
1 or more competent physicians
Medical member of examining commis-
sion.
Equity court
Coimty judge or circuit court judge, upon
report of examining committee.^
Commission appointed by ordinary (1
member a physician), except in certain
cases.'
Judge of a court of record within county. ,
Jury', If called; otherwise commission of 2
physicians appointed by judge."
Justice of peace
Commissioners of insanity.
Jury, if called: 13 otherwise commissiou of
2 physicians appointed by judge.
Jury
Judge (see colunm 2) .
Municipal officers (acting as board of ex-
aminers) or probate judge.
Jury, if called; if no jury, county commis-
sioners (or supervisors of city charities
in Baltimore).!'
Jury, if called; otherwise judge or justice
(see column 2).
Jury, if called; otherwise probate judge. . ,
State hospital commission, upon request
of superintendent of detention hospital.
Jury or majority of its members
Jury, if ordered: otherwise county court. .
Judge or chairman of board of county
commissioners.
Commissioners of insanity
Judge of district court or county clerk
Probate judge, supreme court, or justice
of supreme court.
Jury, if called; otherwise justice or judge
(see column 2).
Judge of district court
Judge or Justice (see column 2) .
Clerk of superior court (in cases of great
emergency, justice of peace).
Commissioners of insanity.
Probate judge or judge of court of common
pleas.
Commissioners of insanity
County judge
Commission of 3 persons appointed by
Judge (1 member must be a doctor,
another a lawyer).
Justice, upon report of at least 3 commis-
sioners appointed by htin.
Probate j udge
Probate judge
Coimty and probate judge
Judge of superior court of county
County judge
Probate court
Order of admission signed by 1 or more
trustees of state hospital. ^
Equity court
County judge or circuit court judge
County ordinary (or, in certain cases,'
judge of superior court).
Judge of a court of record within county.
County court
Clerk of county court
Commissioners of insanity
Probate court
Judge (see column 2)
Judge (see column 2)
Municipal officers or probate Judge
County commissioners (or supervisors of
city charities in Baltimore).'*
Judge or Justice (see column 3)
Probate court ,
State Board of Control
Clerk of chancery court
County court
Judge or chairman of board of county com-
missioners (if the latter, proceedings must
be certified and approved or rejected by
district judge).
Commissioners of insanity
Judge of district court or ootmty clerk
Probate judge, supreme court, or justice
of supreme court.
Justice or judge (see column 2)
Judge of district court
Judge or justice (see column 2)
Clerk of superior court (in cases of great
emergency, justice of peace; but subse-
quent order from clerk is required within
30 days).
Commissioners of insanity
Probatejudgeor judgeof court of common
pleas.
Commissioners of insanity
County Judge
Judge (see coltunn 2)
Justice 0/ supreme court
20
38
80
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 6.— PROCEDURE IN COMMITMENT
[The provisioDBaunimarized below relate only to regular procedure prescrfljed for committing persons to the state institutions for the insane. Proceedings in cases where
a person insane are not shown unless such proceedings are involved in the formal commitment of persons to the state hospitals. For lists of statea
South Carolina
South Dakota.
Tennessee '*...
Texas»
Utah
Vermont 38
Virginia
Washington . .
West Virginia
Wisconsin,...
Wyoming
Person maldmr application.
1
Relative, friend, or citizen
Anyone
Respectable citizen of coimty
Anyone
Anyone
Husband or wife of alleged insane person,
or guardian of either, or guardian of
minor children; in case of pauper, se-
lectmen of town, on application of over-
seer of poor.
Any respectable citizen
Anyone
Any 3 respectable citizens
Anyone
Authority to whom application is made.
2
Probate judge of county of residence of alleged
insane person.
County commissionejs of insanity ,
Justice of peace of county of residence of alleged
insane person.
County judge or justice of peace
District judge of county in which person resides
or, if latter is nonresident, of county in which
he is found.
Probate judge ,
County or corporation judge or justice of peace.
Superior court of county or judge of such court.
Any justice of county «
Judge of county court: in his absence or disabil-
ity, judge of any court of record for county.
District coiu-t or judge of such court ,
Presence of alleged insane person at
hearing or trial required.
At discretion of commissioners of insanity.
Alleged insane person must be arrested if
judge believes he is insane.
At discretion of judge ,
(«)
Yes
Yes ,
Yes ,
Judge may have alleged insane person
brought before him; if jury is called,
presence of insane person is required.
If person is able to attend ,
NOTES TO TABLES.
I Neither physician may be related to the person examined.
* State Commission in Lunacy may apply directly to superior court judge for commitment of insane person not properly cared for by relatives or guardian. Medical
examiners, of whom at least 2 are appointed by superior cjurt of each county, must be reputable pliysicians, graduates of incorporated medical colleges, with at least
5 years' active practice. If a judge rciuses to commit an alleged insane person, anyone aggrieved may demand a trial by jury.
" Any physician testifying for the purpose of securing commitment must be certilied by the judge of a court of record to be a practicing physician of reputable character,
a graduate of some incorporated medical college, and a permanent resident of the state. This certificate constitutes him an examiner m lunacy. He must not be connecteci
with state asylum, either as an officer or regular medical attendant, unless he is superintendent of that asylum.
■* Provisions summarized relate only to persons not indigent or paupers. Paupers, upon application by selectmen of the town, and indigent persons, after application
by any person in their behalf, may be committed by probata court without formal hearing, upon report of two reputable physicians appointee! by it and, in the case of
an indigent person, a selectman of town where person resides, like\\ise appointed by judge. Irovision is also made for the commitment of insane persons by any judge of
superior court after inquiry by a committee of three persons appointed by him, of whom one must be a physician and another a lawyer or a judge or a justice of the peace.
Nonresident insane are regularly committed by order of governor.
f> Each must be a graduate of a legally organized medical institution, with at least 3 years' practice in the state; neither may be connected with any asylum or related
by blood or marriage to complainant or to alleged insane person.
6 A person may also be admitted by order of court. Physicians signing certificate must be residents of coimty in which insane person resides. Each must have been
in active practice for at least 5 years. Neither may be related by blood or marriage to alleged insane person or in any way connected with state hospital. Certificate
signed by any physii^ian living in Wilmington must also be signed by one or both of the physicians appointed for the purpose by trustees of st^te hospital.
' Provisions relate to residents of District of Columbia who are indigent or dangerously "insane. Persons from the Army, Navy, Marine Corps, and other Government
services are admitted by superintendent upon order ol Secretary of War, Secretary ol the Navy, or Secretary ol the Treasury, as the case may be.
* Comprising 2 physicians and an intelligent citizen who is not one of the petitioners.
8 When insane person has no guardian or guardian on notice fails to confine ward, and anyone makes oath that such person should not longer be left at large, ordinary,
or, in his absence, judg;e of superior court, must issue warrant for arrest of such person, and, after investigation of facts, may commit him to State Sanitarium. In this
provision no mention is made of physician.
10 Two qualified physicians in regular and active practice, residents of coimty, and of known competency and integrity. In all cases of inquest by jury one member of
jury must be a qualified physician.
II Appointed by judge of circuit or superior court or by Justice of peace. They must reside in proper county. In addition, certificate of medical attendant of alleged
Insane perscm is required.
»2 One member must be a physician of good standing, with 3 years' regular practice.
" The provisions summarized were repealed by an act approved July 7, 1910. According to this act, when written application is made by any respectable citizen to
the judge of the district court, judge must cause person whose commitment is sought to be brought before him and must summon 2 licensed and reputable physicians, of
whom 1 must be coroner of parish and the other physician of suspected person, if he has any. Neither physician may be relsited to suspected person or have any interest
in his estate. Judge and 2 physicians constitute a commission to inquire whether person is insane and a suitable subject for a hospital for insane. If after examining
suspected person and hearing witnesses physicians do not agree, judge must determine issue. If judge finds person insane, he must i'^sue a warrant for his commitment to
hospital designated by him as nearest appropriate hospital havmg vacancy. These provisions do not interfere with method of commitment of insane by recorders of city
courts of New Orleans upon affidavits.
1* Where complaint is made to probate judge it must be accompanied by certificate of some reputable physician stating that he believes person insane. Provisions
summarized do not relate to insane minors, who may be sent to insane hospital by parents and giiardians without legal examination within 30 days after attack. The
authority (municipal officers or judge of probate) first taking jurisdiction in a given case has exclusive jurisdiction in case until complaint is disposed of, and if one tribunal
refuses to commit an alleged insane person, complaint may not be made toother tribunal within 30 days after decision of first is recorded. If both tribunals—probate judge
and municipal officers— upon application neglect or refuse to act for a period of 3 days after complaint, application may finally be made to 2 justices of peace, who must
prcx^ed in form prescribed for municipal officers.
li Provisions relate to indigent persons in cases where there are no relatives or others legally chargeable with their support who are able to pay rates for private patients
in any institution or home for msane in state.
16 Each must be a graduate of a medical school with 5 years' practice. Neither may be related by blood or marriage to alleged insane person or connected with hospital
to which commitment is to be made.
IT If county commissioners {or supervisors of city charities of Baltimore) are not satisfied that person is insane, state's attorney of county (or city of Baltimore) must
be notified and immediately bring question before circuit court of county (or criminal court of Baltimore) for determination.
1" Each must be a registered physician, of satisfactory character and professional knowledge of insanity, and a graduate of a legally chartered medical school or college,
and must have been in actual practice for the 3 years last preceding the making of the certificate. Neither may hold any office, unless as consulting or advisory physician,
in the hospital to which commitment is to be made.
19 Physicians must be appointed by probatecourt of county in which alleged insane person resides, must be permanent residents of the state, duly registered, and must
not be related by blood or marriage to alleged insane person or to person applying for such certificate; neither physician may be a trustee, superintendent, or an attending
physician of institution to which commitment is to be made.
^ State hospital commissions created in each city or village where a state hospital for insane is located have power to examine insane persons to determine as to their
sanity. Each commission is composed of 3 persons (at least 1 of whom is a duly qualified physician) appointed by judge or judges of district court of county containing
detention hospital. According to provisions which also appear in General Statutes published in 1913, out have been practically superseded by the law summarized in
the table, probate judge or, in nis absence, court commissioner of any county, upon receiving verified information that an insane i>erson in lus coimty needs care and
treatment, must order person Drought before him for examination and appoint 2 examiners m limacy, who with the judge or court commissioner constitute a jury. If
examiners find person msane and a fit subject lor hospital treatment, commitment is ordered by the judge or court commissioner.
21 The superintendent and trustees of an asylum may admit residents of the state not legally adjudged insane, if application is accompanied by sworn certificate of
insanity from 2 licensed practicing physicians and 1 respectable citizen acquainted with person in question, all of whom must be residents of county in which such person
resides.
22 The provisions summarized apply only in the case of indigent persons.
,23 The parent, guardian, or friends of an insane person may cause him to be committed with consent of trustees (superseded by Board of Control). An insane pauper
may be committed by overseers of the poor or, if they neglect to do so, supreme court or any judge of such court. In all cases, except where commitment is by order of
the court or the judge of probate, certificates of 2 reputable physicians of the quahfications stated m note 24 are necessary.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
81
TO GENERAL STATE HOSPITALS— Continued.
application is made merely for the confinement or restraint of the person alleged to be insane or his ieinporar>' commitment to the hospital and proceedings for adjudgjag
in which pay patients and voiuntarj' patients, respectively, may be admitted to the staie hospitals without judicial proceedings, see p. 77. j
Medical testimraiy.
4
2 physicians "
1 r%ular practicing physician of county
(who may be one of commissioners), ap-
pointed by commissioners.
Medical witnesses, number not specified . .
2 practicing physicians
2 legally qualified physicians >' .
Trial by Jury.
5
Authority dtitermining insanity.
Yes".
2 licensed and reputable physicians; in
case of disagreement, 3.''
3 reputable physicians { If demanded by alleged insane
I person or anyone in his be-
half.
2 physicians appointed by judge " ' If demanded by alleged insane
person or any friend or rela*
(«>
tive in his behalf.
Jury of 6 men
Probate Judge.. ......w-
Commissioners of insanity..
Justice of peace ,
Jury"
District judge
Authority committiu;;.
Probate judge
Commissioners of insanity.
Probate judge.
Clerk of county court.
County judge
District judge
Probate judge..
Commission consisting of judge or justice Judge or justice ^ .
and the phjsicians (see columns 2 and
4).
Jury, if called; otherwise judge of superior
court.
Justice
Jury, if called; otherwise judge.
Jiirv
Judge of superior court.
Justice «« .
Judge
Judge (see column 2).
10
NOTES TO TABLE 5— Continued.
2i Each must be legally registered in the state, with at least 3 years* practice. Neither may be a relative of alleged insane person or an official of the instituiiou. They
must make exaniinaliou jointly.
■■» According to provisions in force Jan. 1 , 1910, an application accompanied by sworn certificates of insanity from 2 physicians had to be filed with head officer of insti-
tution, but no person admitted on such application might be held for more than 15 days, unless the application filed as stated or certified copies were presented within that
time to justice of the supreme court pre^idmg in courts of county of residence of alleged in^^-ane person or to a jud^e of circuit court or of court of common pleas in such
county, or, if that county was not known or person was a nonre::;ident, to one of these otlJcials in the county containmg the institution. The judicial officer was authorized
to Institute an inquiry and at his discretion call a jury. According to provisions enacted in 1913, no person admitted on an application in the form prescribed may be held
without an order of temporary commitment from the judge of a court of record of the city or county in which the alleged insiuie person rei^iJes or is found longer than is
necessary to obtain such an order. This order must institute an inquiry within lo days as to mental condition of such person, such inquiry to be held before a judge of
circuit court or judge of court of common pleas of county of residence of alleged insane person (or, if this is not known, of county containing the institution). Time of
conclusion of inquiry may be extended by judge to 30 days from date of order instituting inquiry. If person does not, in opinion of person making application or of phy-
sicians signing ceniiicate. require Immeuiate restraint, application for his commitment must first be made to judge of court of common pleas in county in which person
resides or is found, or to judge of circuit court of that county, for order instituting an inquiry and specifying time and place and ju<licial officer to hear matter (who must
be one of those noted above as authorized to hold inquiry). Alleged insane person must be present at hearing unless he waives this right or it Ls deemed inadvisable by
medical director of hospital or, if he is not in hospital, his personal physician. Judicial ollicer hearing ca^e may, with or without jury, visit alleged insane person. If
judge finds person insane, he must specify place of commitment. Application for commitment is to be made to juslice of supreme court only when common pleas judge or
circuit court judge having jurisdiction to hold inquiry neglects to do so within the 15 days allowed for holding of origmal inquiry, in which case any interested person, if
person has not been temporarily confined, or medical director of hospital may make application. Decision of justice of supreme court is final.
'■» Each must be of reputable character, a graduate of some incorporated medical college, and a permanent resident of the state, with at least 5 years' actual practice.
Neither may be an oHicer or regular professional attendant in institution to which commitment is to be made or a near relative, either by blood or marriage, or a guardian
or trustee of alleged msane person.
^ If a judge or justice reluses to grant an application for an order of commitment of an insane person proved to be dangerous to himself or others, any person aggrieved
may obtain a rehearing and review and a determination of question of insanity by a jury. According to a law of 1912 an officer of a weil-recoenlzed charitable Institution
may make application for the determination of a person's sanity.
2* Application must be accompanied by certificate of lunacy made after a joint examination by 2 e.xaminers in lunacy, each of whom must be a reputable physician
and a regular graduate of an incorporated medical college, with at least 3 years' actual practice, and must have filed with Commission in Lunacy (since 1912 designated
Stale Hospital Commission) the certificate of a Judge oi a court of record showing such qualifications. Neither physician may Ge a relative of alleged insane person or have
any interest in institution to which commitment is to be made.
2* Clerk of superior court may call to his assistance the coimty physician or some other licensed and reputable physician and must take testimony of at least 1 licensed
physician, a resident of the state.
" » These must have had at least 5 years' practice; must not be related by blood or marriage to alleged insane person or to person making application nor have any official
comiection with any state hospital.
>' The provisions summarized were superseded by an act of 1913, which does not differ in respect lo items noted in table, except that it does not state that person noti-
fying the judge should be a citizen.
i*! .\nyjustice or clerk of adi3trictcourt,oncomplaint that a person within the county is dangerous by reason of insanity, must have him brought liefore <iistrict court
for examination, and if court holds complaint true, must commit him to Butler Hospitaler state ho.spit-al for insane. If examuiation is held elsewhere than in open court,
testimony of 2 practicuig physicians of goo I standing is required.
*> Called bj- judge to certify to Insanity of person in question when judge is informed that person can be received in state hospital. PhysiciacLs must be registered in
accordance with state law and must have examined person separately; they must not be related by blood or marriage to person examined.
M The provisions summarized relate to nonpaying patients. If after inquest justice is satisfied that person in question Ls insane, he must require medical witnesses named
in application to make out a certificate in prescribed form.
» When affidavit is filed with county judge or justice of peace (who transmits it to coimty judge), alleged insane person must be arrested, if judge believes information
true. Justice of peace may cause person to be arrested. According to provisions as amended in 1913, county judge upon receipt of affidavit is required to appoint a
commission of 6 persons which must include 1 phyi^ician in counties of lo.-s than 5,000 inhabitants; 2 physicians in cotmties of 5.000 but less than 10,000; 3 in counties of
10,000 but less than 25,000; 4 in coimties of 25,iK)0 but less than .0O,iX)O; and must be made up entirely of physicians in counties of -W.OOO or more inliabitants. If majority of
members find person in.<;ane, and in need of restraint and treatment, coiitity judge must commit him to one of the state insane asylums.
w In the case of an inmate of the Soldiers' Home, application is made" by the superintendent. The procedure noted in the table is necessary in the c;iso of all insane
Sersons supported wholly by state, except thosecommittedby order o f supreme or county court or removed from state prison or house of correction, and is probably followed
I the case of all persons committed to the state hospital, with exceptions noted. According to an act approved Jan. 14, 1911,uponsatisfactory proof that person whose
commitment is sought by selectmen de.^ires to attend hearing and be heard, court must order him brought before it.
•^ Unless committed by supreme or coimty court. I'hysicians must be residents of the slate, not members of same firm nor ofHccrs of a hospital for insane in Vermont ,
nor members of board of supervisors for insiuic.
»* One, when practicable, must be physician of suspected person: neither may be related in any manner to such person or mterestcd in hLs estate.
*> Judge or justice orders temporary restraint; sheriff or commissioner of state hospitals arranges for final (■ommitmcnt.
« Justice orders arrest of suspected person in his county and determines whether he is msane. The justice may summon a physician or any other witness. If justice
finds person insane, circuit court of county of whidi he is an mhabit:uit must appoint a committee for him. When palieni arrives at hospital, he is examined by a board
composed of the superintendent and a director, and if these do not concur in opinion with the justice, they must order that person in question be conveyed back to county
in which he was examined. When a person residing in the stale, not found insane by a justice, is suspected lo be insane, circuit court of county of which such person is au
inhabitant must on application of any pci^on interested, after 5 days' notice to person suspected, examine uilo his mental condition, and if satisfied that he is insane,
appoint a committee for him. If such person is sent to hospital, the clerk of court must transmit to the auditor a certified copy of the bond of the committee and of any
order of court relating to the insane person, and after person is admitted, must send copies of such orders to the State Board of Control.
<i According to provisions in force in 1910, each must be of good repute for medical skill and moral integrity andeilheragraduato of a legally incorporated medical school
or licensed to practice medicine in the state; and must have had at least 2 years' practice or 1 year's experience as physician in an insane hospital after graduation.
According to an amendment of 1913, each must be disinterested.
** If jury finds person Insane, the coimty physician or some reputable physician appointed by the court must furnish a lunacy statement to clerk of district court.
27C22''— 14-
-6
82
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Appeal from order of commitment. — Besides the reg-
ular legal procedure for appeal from the decisions of
such courts as commit insane persons in the various
states, there are specific provisions in some states for
appeal from an order of commitment.
The provisions summarized in Table 6 do not cover
such appeals as may be made by a relative or friend
of the person alleged to be insane, or by the person
himself, when release from confinement is sought on
the ground that the person in question is wrongfully
detained. Such cases, as well as special provisions for
securing writs of habeas corpus for persons held as
insane, are discussed underthe heading of "Discharge."
Appeals from decisions in lunacy inquests are not
noted here, except where such inquests are necessary
in procedure for commitment.
The case against the person committed must be
represented in California by the district attorney of
the county, and in Connecticut, at the discretion of the
superior court, by the state's attorney or some deputy.
In Connecticut a court granting an order of com-
mitment may, after hearing, revoke the order abso-
lutely or, upon receiving the bond of some responsible
person for the confinement of the insane person in a
suitable place other than an asylum, it may suspend
the commitment for such time as it deems advisable.
In Vermont, where commitments may be made to
the hospital upon certificate of two physicians, a person
who has thus been declared insane, or any next friend
or relative, may appeal from the decision of the
physicians to the probate court for the district in
which the person resides or in which the hospital to
which he is committed is located. Notice of the
a2:)peal must be given in such manner as the court may
direct to the state's county attorney, who must appear
and represent the state. If a jury of 12 men finds
the person insane, the court must certify the verdict
and the person may then be committed to a hospital
for the insane.
In addition, it should be noted that in Oregon, ac-
cording to the provisions in force on January 1, 1910,
an appeal might be made from the county court in
lunacy proceedings in the same manner as appeals
from the county court in other cases, but this provision
was repealed in 1913.
In Arizona, according to a section appearing for the
first time in the Revised Statutes of 1913, an appeal
may be taken to the supreme court from the order of a
superior court committing a person to the state asylimi
for the insane.
In Pennsylvania an appeal may be taken to the
supreme court from an order by a com-t regarding the
care of an insane person and the disposition of his
estate. Provisions for appeal from guardianship pro-
ceedings and decisions of insanity are not noted in
the table.
Table 6.— APPEAL FROM ORDER OF COMMITMENT.
STATE.
Person making appeal.
Conditions of appeal.
Trial of appeal held by-
California .
Person ordered to be committed or
any friend.
Any person aggrieved by order of
commitment.
Any relative or friend of person
ordered to be committed.
Appeal must be madewithin 5 days of order of commit-
ment.
Probate court may require appellant to give bond for pay-
ment of costs of appeal in case it is unsuccessful
Appellant must make affidavit that he believes alleged
cause of commitment did not and does not exist and
that conviction of lunacy was obtained by fraud, collu-
sion, or mistake.
Appellant must give such bond and security as court may
direct.
Jury before superior court of county
in which commitment was ordered,*
Superior coiu-t.
Jury.
Ponnf^^timt. . ,
Georgia
niinpi.s. ...
Iowa
Alleged Insane person ,
District court.'
Kfin^ft*?
Appellant must give such bond and security as court may
direct.
Michigan
Any person aggrieved by order of
commitment.
Person ordered to be committed or
any one representing him.
Circuit coin*t for county in which com-
mitment was ordered.
Jury before justice of inipreme court
(other than justice who made order
of commitment).*
New Yorfe
Petition must be made for a rehearing and review of pro-
ceedings within 30 days after order of commitment is
made. Unless he is a near relative of alleged insane per-
son or is the person with whom the Utter resided, peti-
tioner must give bond for payment of costs of rehearing
in case order of commitment is sustained.
* Verdict of at least three-fourths of jury necessary to sustain order of commitment.
' Judgment of district court is finfil.
> If jury declares person sane, he must bo Immediately discharged; if he is declared insane, order of recommitment is issued in same manner as order of commitment.
Cost oi commitment. — In seven states, namely, Cali-
fornia, Connecticut, Illinois, Indiana, (in the case of
persons arrested as dangerously insane), Kansas,
Pennsylvania, and Wyoming, the laws provide that if
a person for whom commitment is sought is found
upon investigation not to be a suitable subject for
conmiitment as insane, the one instigating the investi-
gation (in Wyoming coimty officials are specifically
exempted) either must be held liable for all costs or
may be so held at the discretion of the investigating
agency.
In these states as well as in Arizona, Colorado, the
District of Columbia, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Maine,
Michigan, Mississippi, Missouri, New York, Rhode
Island, Texas, and Utah the cost of commitment of
the insane person must be borne by him if he has
sufficient estate, and, in a nimiber of them, persons
legally liable for his support are made responsible for
such cost or a part of it. In Massachusetts the cost
of commitment of patients whose expenses at the
hospital are not to be paid by the state would appear
to be chargeable to the person making application for
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
83
commitment or some one in his behalf. If the person
committed is indigent, however, the cost is chargeable
in Florida (apparently), Kansas, Massachusetts, Mis-
sissippi, Missouri, and Pennsylvania to the county of
legal residence or the county of legal settlement of the
insane person, as also in Delaware (where there are
no specific provisions regarding the cost of commit-
ment of nonindigent persons) ; in Connecticut,' Mame,
and Rhode Island, to the town liable for his support;
in New York, to the town, city, or comity securuig
the commitment; in California (with the exception of
the sheriff's fees and expenses, which are paid by the
state), Georgia, Illinois, Texas, Utah, and Wyoming,
as well as in South Carolina and West Vu-ginia (where
there appear to be no specific provisions regarding the
cost of committing the nonindigent insane), — and
probably also in Arizona, Idaho, Indiana, and Michi-
gan — to the coimty from which the commitment was
made; and in Colorado to the state. The District of
Colimabia pays the commitment expenses for indi-
gent insane persons committed there.
In Ai'kansas, Indiana (except in the case of persons
arrested as dangerously insane), Iowa, Minnesota,
Montana, Nebraska, North Carolina, Oregon (by a law
of 1913), Washington, and Wisconsin, the county of
legal residence is chargeable with the cost of commit-
ment of all insane persons, except that in North Caro-
lina the cost of conveying a person to the hospital
must be paid by him, if he has sufficient estate.
In Louisiana the parish, and in Ohio the county,
where the proceedings are held paj's the cost of com-
mitment of all insane persons; the county paid this
cost in Oregon also, prior to 1913. In Vu-ginia the
coimty or corporation from which the patient is sent
to the hospital is chargeable with this expense, except
in the case of voluntary patients who, according to the
act of 1914 providing for their admission, must pay
the cost of their transportation to the hospital. For
indigent insane persons in New Mexico the cost of
conunitment is paid by the county from which the
person is taken to the asylimi. In Vermont the town
instituting the iuquirj- is required to pay the cost of
commitment for indigent insane persons.
According to the laws of Nevada, all costs of com-
mitment for indigent persons, including transporta-
tion, are a charge upon the state.
Where an insane person is not found to have anj'
legal settlement in the state but is eligible for com-
mitment, some laws make the state chargeable with
the cost of commitment. In certain states where the
county is chargeable with the cost of tlie actual com-
mitment proceedings, the state must pay the cost
of conveying the insane person to the state hospital.
In Alabama, New Jersey, South Dakota, and Ten-
nessee, practicall}'^ the only provisions concerning
cost of commitment relate to the cost of conveying
' The costs of proceedinfjs for commitment by a superior court
judge, however, are taxed at his discretion, and the cost of com-
mitjnent of certain soldiers, sailors, and marines is paid by tlie state.
the insane person to the hospital. For an indigent
patient in Alabama the county of lesidence must
pay such expenses. In New Jersey the trustee,
guardian, or relative liable for the support of the insane
person must pay for his transportation to the hospital.
The state pays this expense in Kentucky and South
Dakota. For nonpaying patients in Tennessee the
county to which the patient belongs pays the cost of
transportation to the hospital; no provision regarding
judicial pi-oceedings for the commitment of paying
patients exists in Tennessee.
No special provisions in regard to cost of commit-
ment are made in Maiyland, New Hampshue, North
Dakota, and Oklahoma, but it is probable that these
charges are paid in the same manner as court charges
generally.
Conveying patients to the hospital. — According to the
laws of Arkansas, Indiana, New Jersey, Ohio, and
Wisconsin no female insane person (in Wisconsin no
female over 10 years of age) may be conveyed to the
hospital to which she is committed unless accompanied
by at least one female attendant. vSuch a provision
existed also in Oregon until repealed in 1911, the
choice of the attendant who is to be sent to bring
the patient to the asylum being now left to the
superintendent without restriction. In Colorado,
Cormecticut, Illinois, Maine (by an act of 1911),
Maryland (by an act of 1910), Massachusetts, Michi-
gan, New York, and Pennsylvania,' the laws re-
quire that such a person must be accompanied by
some other female or by some member of her family;
while in California, Iowa, Kansas, Minnesota, Ne-
braska, North Dakota, Oklahoma, and Utah any
relative of the patient may serve as a substitute for
the female otherwise required to accompany her,
although in ^Minnesota the law specifies that the sub-
stitute must be a near relative.
In most of the remaining states the procedure pre-
scribed for commitment includes a provision that the
court direct the superintendent to send an attendant
to bring the patient to the hospital, the superintendent
thus being allowed to follow his own judgment in the
matter.
PAROLE OF PATIENTS.
Li a large number of states, namely, Alabama,
Arizona, Arkansas (by a law of 1913), California,
Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, Kansas, Kentucky,
Maine, Maryland (by a law of 1910), Massachusetts,
Minnesota, Missouri, New Hampshire, Now York,
North CaroUna, Oliio, Rhode Island, South Carolina,
Tennessee, Vermont, Virginia, and Wisconsin, the laws
contain provisions for the parole of insane patients
luider various headings, such as furlough, conditional
discharge subject to revocation, parole, etc. The pro-
visions noted iji Tennessee apply only to inmates of
private institutions.
' The provision noted applies only to indigent females.
84
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
The provisions for parole apply usually to persons
judged harmless b}' either the superintendent or the
iioard controlling the hospital, the power of paroling
patients in practically all of the states named being
vested in the superintendent or the board, or in both.
In New Hampshire the superior court or any justice
thereof may parole any pei-son committed to the state
liospital, and the court or justice may at any time there-
after revoke such parole and order the person returned
to the state hospital under the original commitment.
In Michigan pay patients maj^ be paroled for not
more than 30 days under conditions prescribed by the
board of trustees, and patients discharged by the su-
perintendent may, ^nth his approval, be readmitted
at any time within 6 months without a new order of
commitment. The maximum period for which pa-
tients may be paroled varies from 30 days in CaU-
fornia, Marylajid (by an act of 1910), North Carolina,
Tennessee, and Vermont, to 3 months in Illinois, Ohio,
and South Carolina (90 days in Ohio) ; 6 montlis in
Alabama, Arkansas (unless extended for another 6
months), Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, Minne-
sota, New York, and Rhode Island; and 2 j-ears in
Wisconsin. In Arizona, Colorado, Kansas, Kentucty,
Missouri, New Hampshire, and Virginia, the period is
indeterminate, or at the discretion of the authority
granting the parole..
According to the laws of Alabama, Uliuois, Maine,
Maryland, Massachusetts, South Carolina, and Ten-
nessee, if the paroled patient is not returned to the
hospital within the maximum period allowed for
parole he must be considered discharged. In the
other states the order of commitment presumably
remains in force until he is legally discharged.
DISCHARGE.
In a large number of states the superintendent has
authority to discharge patients who have recovered
their sanity, subject to the rules of the board con-
trollmg the institution; but in some states, as in
Ohio and Texas, he must have the approval of the
board controlling the hospital or one or more members
of this board, and in some he may merely file a certifi-
cate with the controlling board. In Colorado the super-
intendent must notify the judge of the county court by
which the person was adjudged insane, and in Arkan-
sas he must notify the county and probate judge of the
county from which the person was committed.
In several states the superintendent may arrange
for the discharge of persons not completely recovered,
who are harmless and may safely be cared for in
homes or by the counties, to make room for more
urgent cases. The parole of a patient, as has been
indicated, may result in his discharge automatically.
The laws of Connecticut provide that upon proper
apphcation and proof that a pei-son committed by a
probate court has been restored to reason, such court
may order his discharge. In New Hampshire any per-
son committed to the state hospital may be discharged
by any three trustees (since 1913, members of the board
of control), the commission of lunacy, or a justice of
the supreme court, whenever further detention in a
hospital is deemed unnecessary.
In Table 7 information is given regarding appeals for
the discharge of patients claimed to be sane.
Table 7.— APPEAL FOR DISCHARGE OF PATIENT CLAIMED TO BE SANE.
Colorado 1
Connecticut"..
Delaware *
Georgia'.
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Massachusetts .
Nebraska'
New Hampshire .
Court to which application
is made.
County court of comity
where person is confined.
Any judge of superior court ,
Chancellor.
Probate judge of district
court of county in which
hospital is located.
Judge of probate court of
county in which hospital
is located.
County or circuit court
Justice of supreme judicial
court in any county.
Judge of district court of
county in which hospital
is located or of count y in
which patient has his le-
gal settlement.
Supremecourt or any justice
of such court.
.\uthority determining ques-
tion of sanity.
Two physicians appointed by
court .'-
Commission of 2 or more per-
sons appointed by judge at
his discretion.
Jury summoned by sheriff
upon order of chancellor.
Judge, upon report of commis-
sion fi appointed by him and
other testimony.
Court, after inquiry.'
Jury ordered by court to in-
quire into case in open coiut.
Jury, if ordered by judge or
requested by any person ap-
pearing in "case; otherwise
justice.
Judge, upon report of commis-
sion of not more than 3 per-
sons B appointed by him, ac-
companied by statement of |
superintendent of hospital.
Coin"t or justice, after investiga-
tion.
STATE.
North Dakota '
Oklahoma '
Rhode Island..
South Dakota'.
Utah
Wisconsin"
Court to which application
is made.
County judge of county in
which hospital is located
or of county in which pa-
tient has his residence.
Coimty judge of coimty in
which hospital is located
or of county in which pa-
tient has his legal settle-
ment.
Justice of supreme court
County judge of coimty in
which hospital is located
or of coimt.v in which pa-
tient has his residence.
Board of Insanity, which
must ask inquiry by dis-
trict judge of district in
which hospital is located.
Judge of any court of record
of county in which person
resides or of coimty in
which he was adjudged
insane.
.\uthorlty determining ques-
tion of sanity.
Judge, upon report of commis-
sion of not more than 3 per-
sons 8 appointed by him,
signed by superintendent of
hospital.'
Judge, upon report of commis-
sion of not more than 3 per-
sons 8 appointed by him,
signed by superintendent of
hospital.
Justice, after receiving report of
commission issued by him._
Jndee, upon report of commis-
sion of not more than 3 per-
sons 8 appointed by him,
signed by superintendent of
hospital.
District judge (see preceding
column).
Jury, if demanded: otherwise
judge, upon report of 2 physi-
cians appointed by him and
other testimony.
1 Provisions apply to all persons confined as insane, except those in state insane asylum.
' Not more than one of I' e^e may be olhcially connected with institution where patient is confined.
3 ProvL^ions relate to persons alleged to be imjustly detained in any insane asylum or in custody or control of individuals under order of probate court. Appointment
of commission is not mandatory. Commission may not be repeated within six months.
* Sworn petition must be presented by person committed to state hospital, anyone related to him within third de?ree of consanguinity, or any other three persons.
5 Trial by jury may be had by all patients convicted of lunacy, if a relative or friend makes aflSdavit that he believes cause of commitment has ceased to exist and
snperint€ndc"nt refuses to discharge p.itient after demand is made.
* Inquir>' may not be had withm si.x months of admission of patient and may not be repeated within six months.
' Commission may be appointed only in case of person who has been a patient in the hospital at least six months and may not be repeated within six months.
fl One must be a physician, and if two or more are appointed, one must be a lawyer. , ■ j ,
> According to an amendment of 1913, county judge, after receiving report of commissioners and before finding person sane, must notify nearest relative or friend ol
patient, together with all persons who testified at hearing at which patient was found insane, to appear before him within five days of the mailing ol the notice and
give testimony.
*• Provisions relate to persons adjudged insane by any court or authorized officer and persons restrained of liberty because of alleged msanity .
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
85
In Connecticut, Kentucky, Massachusetts, and Wis-
consin the. provisions are of general apphcation, and
in Iowa, Nebraska, iSTorth Dakota, Oklahoma, Rhode
Island, and South Dakota they apply to patients in
any hospital, but in Colorado patients in the state
hospitals are expressly excluded from the apphcation of
the provisions noted. For the other states the sections
summarized apply only to inmates of state hospitals.
In California an insane patient having no guardian
who is absent on leave granted by the medical super-
intendent of a state hospital or anyone in his behalf,
if refused a certificate of recoveiy b}" the superintend-
ent, may apply for a hearing to a judge of the suj)erior
court of the county where the pereon resides.
Provisions regarding appeals for tlie discharge of a
patient who has not recovered are summarized in
Table .S. In Connecticut and the District of Columbia
the provisions are of general apphcation, but in Massa-
chusetts they are restricted to persons not committed
by the courts, in Pennsylvania to pei-sons legally com-
mitted to any hospital, and in the oihe.v states to
inmates of the state hospitals.
Table 8.— APPEAL FOR DISCHARGE OF PATIENT WHO HAS NOT RECOVERED.
Authority to which appli-
cation is made.
Procedure.
Authority- to which appli-
cation is made. '
Procedure.
Califomia.
Comiectlcut '
District of Colum-
bia.
Maine"
Massachusetts'.
.[Vny superior court judge of
county in which hospital
is located.
Anj' judge of superior court .
Any judge ot supremo court
of District of Columbia.
Municipal oflicers of pa-
tipnt's town.
Probate judge (for county
in which institution is
located or county in which
inmate has his residence)
or a justice of supreme
judicial coiu-l.
Judge, after giving superin-
tendent a hearing, may order
discharge upon security for
patient's good behavior and
maintenance.
Commission of 2 or more per-
sons may be appointed by
judge; if, in their opinion,
patient is illegally detained
or his confinement is no
longer advisable, judge must
order his discharge.
Judge may deliver person to
party givmg bond for his re-
straint and care until his re-
covery.
Municipal officers may t^use
relefu.e of patient.
Judge or justice, after due no-
tice to superintendent or
trustees of' institution or
Stale Board of Insanity, may
ilischarge patient, if it ap-
pears tJiat he will be properly
cared for or that his detention
is no longer necess-iry for his
own welfare or safety of pub-
lie. If guardian or any rela-
tive opposes discbarge it may
not be made without written
notice to person opposing it.
Michigan. .
Nebraska.
New York-,
North Dakota. .
Probate court of county j
from which patient was
admitted into asylum. !
Commissioners of insanity
of county where patieiit
belongs.
.\ny judge of court of record
in district in which hos-
pital is located.
' Conmiissioners of insanity
j of coimty where palieru
j belongs.
Pennsylvania *.
South Dakota .
rtah
Any law judge .
Commissioners of iiLsanity of
county w-here patient "be-
longs.
Judge of district court Issu-
ing commitment.
Probate court, after giving
superintendent a hearing,
may order discharge upon
security for patient's good
behavior and maintenance.
On making provision for care
of patient within county,
commissioners of insanity
may autiiorize his discharge.
Judge, after givinj? superm-
tendent a hearing, may order
discharge upon security for
patient's good behavior and
maintenance.
On making i)rovision for care of
patient within county, com-
missioners of in.sanity may
authorize his discharge.
Judge must make suitable
inquisition and act in his
discretion.
On making provision for care
of patient within county,
commissioners of insanity
may authorize his discharge.
Judge may direct delivery of
patient to applicant upon
security for patient's proper
care and custody and obedi-
ence to orders of judge.
1 Provisions relate to persons alleged to be unjustly detained in any insane asylum or in custody or control of in'lividuals under order of probate court. Commission
may not be repeated within si:: months.
2 Provisions apply to applications by persons liable for the support of a patient who had been in cither state hospital for six months and who has not been committed
by the supreme court and is not afflicted with homicidal insanity. If application is unsuccessful, it may not be renewed within si,x months.
» Provisions do not apply to persons committed by courts. No unrecovered person known to have committed violence or attempted violence to others may be
discharged without approval of State Board of Insanity. "
* Applicant must state that patient in hospital is losing his bodily he-^Ith and that his welfare would be promoted by discharge or that his menial disorder has so
Ifcr changed its character as to render further confinement imnecessary.
Habeas corpus proceedings. — In the laws of a number
of states it is specifically provided that persons con-
fined as insane (in some states the law apphes only to
pei-sons confined in hospitals or to those in state hos-
pitals) are entitled to a writ of habeas corpus.
The authority to whom apphcation for a writ of
habeas corpus is to be made is in California the supe-
rior judge of the county in which the hospital is
located; in Massachusetts, a justice of the supreme
judicial court; in Michigan, the circuit court of the
county in which the asylum is situated; in Pennsyl-
vania, any law judge; and in Washington, the supreme
court or sujierior court or any judge of either court.
In Nebraska thti clerk of the court which ordered the
commitment must be given notice of the hearing,
and if the person committed is not restored to reason,
but the commitment j)roceedings were irregular, the
latter may be returned to the county from which he
was commit t(>d to be proceeded with according to law.
The states having specific provisions concerning
habeas corpus proceedings in the case of persons con-
fined as insane are as follows: Alabama, California,
Connecticut, District of Columbia, Illinois, Indiana,
Iowa, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, Michigan,
Nebraska, New Jersey, New York, North Dakota,
Ohio, Oklahoma, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South
Dakota, Virginia, Washington, and Wisconsin.
Removal of patients to homes. — The an-angements to
be made for the removal of discharged patients to
their homes or the county or town from which they
came are prescribed in the laws of some states, while
in the othere they are probably fixi^d by the board in
control of the institution. In Alabama the probate
judge, and in Arkansas the county and j)robate judge,
of the county from which the j)atient came, must,
when notified, arrange for the return of the patient.
In CaUfornia a discharged j)atieut must be returned to
the county from which he was committed at its ex-
pense, and in Washington an indigent discharged
patient may be so returned. In Wyoming patients
are returned at state expense to the county from
which thev were committed. In Maine the overseers
86
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
of the poor of the town liable for the commitment
expenses of the patient arrange for his removal to
the town. Before a patient is discharged in ^Michigan
notice must be given to his friends or the superin-
tendent of the poor of the county from which he came.
In Massachusetts inquiry must be made into the future
situation of every discharged patient.
The statutes of 19 states contain sections providing
that a patient discharged as cured must be furnished
with suitable clothing and money (in some cases
limited to a specified maximum amount) for necessary
travehng expenses, these states being Arizona, CaUfor-
nia, Colorado, Geoi-gia, Ilhnois, Iowa, Kentucky, Mas-
sachusetts, Michigan, Montana, Nebraska, New Jer-
sey, North Dakota, Ohio, Pennsylvania, South Dakota,
Texas, Washington, and Wisconsin. Minnesota, Vir-
ginia, and West Virginia Ukewise have provisions re-
garding the payment of expenses. In some of these
states the provision is specifically restricted to indi-
gent persons or paupers or public patients, and it is
probable that such expense is always a charge against
the patient or the responsible relatives, if these are
able to pay.
COST OF MAINTENANCE OF PATIENTS IN STATE
HOSPITALS.
In Table 9 is a statement of the poUtical divisions
or persons paying the cost of maintenance of insane
patients regularly committed to the state hospital —
that is, committed according to the procedure shown
in Table .5.
Table 9.— COST OF MAINTENANCE OF PATIENTS IN STATE HOSPITALS.
(This table applies only to persona admitted according to the provisions summarized in Table 5. It does not cover pay patients admitted by arrangement with guardian,
relatives, or friends cr upon voluntary commitment, nor the criminal insane.]
Alabama
Arizona
Arkansas
CallXomia
Colorado
Connectioat
Delaware
Dist. Columbia «
Florida
Georgia
Idaho
Illinois
Indiana
Iowa
Kansas
Kentucky
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland*
Massachusetts. . .
Michigan
Minnesota
Mississippi
POLITICAI. DIVISIONS OB PEK30N3 PAYINO THE COST OF
MAINTENANCE OF INSANE PATIENTS REGULAKLY COM-
MITTED TO STATE HOSPITALS.
Paying expenses not
paid by individuals.'
State..
State..
state.,
state..
State..
Town of legal residence
parti and state the re-
mainder; II no legal
residence in any town,
state.
State
The Dbtrict one-half;
United States the re-
mainder.
State
State*
State
state
State
County of legal resi-
dence; If no legal resi-
dence in any county,
state.
state
State..
State-
State..
County of legal residence
(or city of Baltimore)
part and state the re-
mainder.
state
State; county of legal
residence for first year.
State.,
state..
Individuals paying when able.
Patient or
support,
friends if
Patient, or
Ing.
Patient.
Patient or,
support.
Patient or
support.
Patient or
support^,
friends if
Patient.
Patient.
relatives liable for his
or other relatives or
they are willing,
friends if they are will-
relatives liable for his
relatives liable for his
relatives liable for his
or other relatives or
they are willing.
Patient.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support^ or other relatives or
friends if they are willing.
Patient.
l^atient or relatives liable for his
support, or other relatives or
friends if they are willing.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support, or other relatives or
friends if they are willing.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support, or other relatives or
friends it they are willing.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support, or other relatives or
friends if they are willing.
Patient.
Missouri
Montana
Nebraska
Nevada
New Hampshire
New Jersey
New Mexico
New York
North Carolina. .
North Dakota. . .
Ohio
Oldahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania...
Rhode Island'..
South Carolina..
South Dakota. . .
Tennessee
Texas
Utah
Vermont
Virginia
Washington
West Virginia. . .
Wisconsin
Wyoming
POLITICAL DIVISIONS OB PERSONS PATINO THE COST OF
MAINTENANCE OF INSANE PATIENTS REQULARLY COM-
MITTED TO STATE HOSPITALS.
Paying expenses not
paid by individuals.'
County
State
County of legal residence
if any found; other-
wise state..
State
State
County of legal residence
one-half and state
the remainder; If no
legal residence in any
county, state.
State
State
State....
County.
State....
State . . .
State . . .
County from whicli com-
mitted part and state
the remainder.
State
State..
County..
State*...
State....
State..
State..
State..
State..
State. .
County of residence part
and state the remain-
der.
State
Individuals paying when able.
Patient.
Patient, or relatives or friends it
they are willing.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support.
Patient.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support, or other relatives or
friends if they are willing.
Patient.
Patient, or relatives or friends If
they are willing.
(«)
Patient or relatives liable for his
support.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support, or other relatives or
friends it they are willing.
Patient.
Patient or relatives liable lor his
support.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support.
Patient or relatives liable fjr his
support.
Patient or relatives liable for his
support, or other relatives or
friends if they are willine.
Patient, or friends if they are will-
ing.
1 An indigent patient able to pay part of his expenses is usually required to do so. Where two poUtical divisions share the expenses of dependent patients, the
amount so paid by a patient is usually credited to the lesser subdivision.
2 Person makhig application tor commitment of an indigent person pays part of his expenses, state paying remainder. State pays all expenses for certain soldiers,
sailors, and marines.
8 Provisions relate to resiuents of the District of Columbia. Other patients are supported directly by the Federal Government or by their pensions.
* The code of 1911 contains provisions indicating that when able the patient or relatives liable for his support must pay the cost of maintenance, although these would
appear to have been repealed by a law of 1877 stating that the sanitarium is free to all insane residents of the state.
6 Persons able to pay entire cost of maintenance in hospital or having relatives or others liable for their support who arc able to do so, are committed only as pay patients
(see p. 77). Indigent patients able to pay pirt of their e'q>enses, provided they have no relatives or others legally chargeable with their support who are able to pay the
rates charged for private patients in any instil ution for the insane m the state, may be committed as reimbursing patients, the amount paid by the patient being paid to
the county -According to a section enacted m 1904 and amended in 1908, which provides for the ultimate removal of all insane persons from county and municipal insti-
tutions to tlie state bospitabi, persons thus removed are to be supported by the state after Jan. 1, 1911.
» According to a law ot 1910 the patient or relatives liable for his support must meet his expenses if able.
' The information given in the table is taken from a section of the General Statutes of 1909, which states that no town is liable for any portion of the cost of matatenance
of an indigent insane person at the state hospital for the insane. Another section of the General Statutes, however, states that the town of settlement of such a person is
liable for his maintenance in the state hospital. « j ,. , t. . j-
» Provided number ot patients supported by state from any county relatively to the population ot the county does not exceed a ratio fixed by law. For mdigent patients
sent to the hospital from any county in excess of its legal quota, the county pays the cost of maintenance.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
87
The table does not cover provisions for private
pay patients who may be admitted by special agree-
ment with the authorities controUing the hospital
(see p. 77). Where the county hable for the cost of
maintenance is the county of legal residence or the
county of legal settlement, the laws do not always
make the distinction clearly; but in cases where the
coTmty of residence is specified it is probable that this
county could collect from the coimty of legal settle-
ment — that is, the county liable under the poor laws.
In some cases it is possible that the state or county
may collect from relatives Hable under the poor laws
even though the law relative to the state hospital
mentions only the liability of the patient.
In about three-fourths of the states the state is
responsible for the cost of maintaining dependent
patients at the state hospital. The state pays part of
such cost in Connecticut, Maryland, New Jersey, Penn-
sylvania, and Wisconsin, the remainder being charge-
able to the county from which the person is committed
in Pennsylvania, to the town of residence in Connecti-
cut, and to the county of residence in the other states
named. Unless otherwise specified in the table, the
coimty hable for the cost of maintenance of insane
persons is the count)^ of residence or the county of legal
settlement. In Iowa, Missouri, Nebraska, North Da-
kota, and South Dakota the expenses of poor and indi-
gent patients in the state hospital are chargeable to the
county of residence or the county of legal settlement
of the insane person. The District of Columbia pays
one-half of the expenses of its indigent insane patients
in the Government Hospital for the Insane and the Fed-
eral Government the remainder.
Pro^nsions regarding the length of residence which
entitles a person to rehef as a pauper are shown in
a "Summary of State Laws relating to the Dependent
Classes," pubhshed by the Bureau of the Census, but
are too comphcated for treatment in this connection.
POSTAL EEGtTLATIONS FOB THE PKOTECTION OF
INMATES.
The statutes of several states contain special regu-
lations concerning the postal rights and privileges of
inmates of the insane asylums. These regulations
vary from rules that no censorship whatever may be
exercised, as in Nebraska, to provisions that allow
each patient to choose a correspondent with whom he
may commimicate without any censorship of letters
written or received by him, as in Arkansas. Other
states provide that any inmate may correspond freely
with any member of the controlling board of the insti-
tution. In Washington the .superintendent of each of
the state hospitals is required by law to inspect all
letters of inmates, but must submit to the board of
control any letters written by inmates that he does
not cause to be mailed. Statutory provisions regard-
ing the postal privileges of inmates of state insane
hospitals exist in Arkansas, Connecticut, Florida, Illi-
nois, Iowa, Kansas, Louisiana, Maine, Maryland,
Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, New Hampshire,
North Dakota, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, South
Dakota, Washington, and Wisconsin. In Georgia
there are provisions which apply to inmates of private
insane asylums only.
THE CRIMINAL INSANE.
The statutory provisions of the different states re-
garding the treatment of the criminal insane are given
in the following tables. Tables 10 to 13 show provi-
sions relating to cases where the question of insanity
comes up in regard to persons who have not been con-
victed, or, if convicted, havenotbeensentenced, whereas
Tables 14 and 15 show provisions regarding sentenced
prisoners. The extent to which the method of treat-
ment of the question of insanity in connection with
criminal charges and the procedure in the case of
sentenced prisoners who become insane are covered by
statutory law varies greatly in the different states.
PERSONS CHAKGED WITH CRIME.
In Table 10 a summary is given cf the procedure
when persons charged with crime, undergoing trial,
or in confinement under other legal process, as well as
persons convicted but not sentenced, appear insane, or
plead insanity; except that provisions regarding the
plea of insanity are given in Table 1 1 and those regard-
ing the verdict and subsequent proceedings in the
case of persons acquitted are summari::ed in Table 12.
The methods of procedure when the plea of insanity
is made at the beginning of a trial differ. In some
states the trial is suspended until the question of
insanity is determined, while in others the trial takes
its regular course and the jury takes account of the
plea of insanity in rendering its verdict.
In Maine and New Hampshire, when the plea of
insanity is made, the justice of the court before which
the person is to be tried may order the accused com-
mitted to the custody of the superintendent of a state
hospital for observation.
In New York, when the plea of insanity is raised, the
court in which the indictment is pending, instead of
proceeding with the trial of the indictment, may
appoint a commission to examine and report to the
court as to the person's sanity at the time of the com-
mission of the crime; and if the commission finds tlie
defendant insane, the trial must be suspended until he
becomes sane.
Provisions are made in most states for cases in
which doubt as to the insanity of the defendant arises
before or during the trial or after conviction. In such
cases, if the defendant is found to be insane at that
time, he is usually committed to a hospital to remain
until his recovery, when the proceedings must be re-
sumed.
88
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Tablf 10.— persons charged WITH CRIME, UNDERGOING TRIAL, CONVICTED BUT NOT SENTENCED, OR IN
lABLE "'-^.J^fj^^gj^E^T UNDER OTHER LEGAL PROCESS, ^\1£0 APPEAR INSANE OR PLEAD INSANITY.
iFor prooednre after acquittal of persons pleading insanity, see Table 12. For notes to this table, see pp. 92 and 93.}
Class of persons.
Procedure when indications of insanity are noted.
Alabama Persons in confinement under indict-
ment for felony whose SEinity is
doubted by trial court.
Persons in confinement under Indict-
ment or for want of bail for good be-
havior, for keeping the peace, or for ap-
ipearing as a witness or in consequence
of any summiiry conviction or by an
orderofanyjustice, who appear insane.
Defendants whose sanity is doubted
when action is called for trial, during
trial, or when they are brought up for
judgment on conviction.
Persons arraigned for felony whose £
ity is doubted by court.
Persons under presentment or indict-
ment on criminal charge who can not
be tried because of insanity.
Persons convicted of a criminal charge
who allege insanity as causo against
judgment.
California Defendants whose sanity is doubti-d at
anytlmedurlngpendency of action be-
fore judgment IS pronounced.
Colorado ' Persons becoming insan« after crime or
I misdemeanor but before sentence.
Cfmnecticut Persons committed to coimty jail on
binding over process, bench warrant,
or appeal who appear insane at time
of commitment or at any later time
before trial.
Delaware Prisoners who become insane after con-
viction of capital charge but before sen-
tence.
District of (V)lurabia. I Persons indicted or charged by an infor-
mation for an o£Eense who before trial
or after a verdict of guilty are alleged
to be insane.
Ceorgia..
Idaho.
Persons pleading insanity at time of tri. J
Persons insane at time of trial.
Illinois.
Defendants whose sanity is doubted
when indictment is called for trial or
when they are brought up for jud;:-
ment nn conviotion.
Persons who become Insane a(lf»r crime,
but before sentence.
Procedure upon recovery.
Trial must be suspended until jury (impaneled, from regular
jurors in attendance or from a special venire, according to
discretion of court) inquires into insanity. If accused is
found insane, he must be committed by court to an insane
liospital.
Jud^re of any court of record of county where person is con-
fined must investigate, calling a physician and other credi-
ble witnesses; he may call a jury if he deems it necessary.
If person is found insane, judge may discharge him Irom
imprisonment and order his removal to hospital.
Court must order question as to sanity submitted to juir. and
trial or pronouncing of judgment must be suspended until
question is decided by its verdict. Trial jury may be dis-
charged or retained according to discretion of court while
issue ofinsanity is pending. Bothsidesare represented by
counsel. Ifaccused is found insane,trial or judgment must
be suspended and court must order that he be committed
by sheriff to state insane asylum and that upon recoverj- he
be redelivered to sheriff.
Proceedings trust te postponed until jury has been impan-
eled to inquire whether defendant is msane. If jiu"y so
finds him, court must direct that he be kept in prison or
conveyed by sheriU to State Hospital for Nervous Diseases,
to remain In custody until his recovery.
Upon presentation of certificate from judge before whom trial
IS pending stating that ]ierson has been presented or in-
dicted and by reason ofinsanity can not be tried, superin-
tendent of .State Hospital for lNer\-ous Diseases must
admit accused to hospital and beep him there until his
recovery.
Court , If of opinion l hat reasonable grounds exist for believ-
ing person isiasane, mtist summon and impanel jiu-y of 12
qualified Jurors to determine question ofinsanity. If jury
finds him insane, he must be kept in confinement in the
cotmty jail or the insane asylum until sane.
Court must order question as to sanit y submitted to jury , and
trial or pronoiuicing of judgment must be suspended until
question is determined by its verdict. Trialjury may be
discharged or retained at discretion of court during pend-
ency of action. Botli side^ are represented bycotinsel. If
jury finds accused insane, trial or Judgment must be sus-
pended until his recovery and court must order that he be
committed to a state hospital for insane and that upon re-
covery hpi be redelivered to sherifi".
Court mustimpanel jury to determine whether accused Is in-
sane at time of impaneling. Notice must be given to dis-
trict attorney or other otTicer charged by law to prosecute
offense. Persons charged with committing a high crime or
misdemeanor are designated by law as patients to be con-
fined in t he criminal ward of the state Insane asylum.
Sheriff of county in which jail is located may make applies-
lion to a judge of superior court, who after hearirg upon
such application (previous notice having been given to
slate's attorney I may at his discretion appoint 3 reputable
physicians to examine person committed. If physicians
find person insane, sheriff must, upon order of the judge,
transfer him to a state hospital for insane for confinement
and treatment until time of trial.
Court may appoint a commission comprising at least 2 prac-
ticing physicians to report on raentalcondition of prisoner.
If found insane, he must be remanded to custody of sheriff
unt il f urt her order of court .
When before trial or after a verdict of guilty primafacieevi-
dence is submitted to court that accused is then insane,
court may cause jury to be Impaneled from jurors then In
attendance on court, or if regular jurors have been dis-
chaiged, may cause jury to be drawn to inquire into insan-
ity of accused in its presence and under its direction. If
jury finds accused insane, court may certify fact to Secre-
tary of the Interior, who may order person confined in Gov-
ernment Hospital forthe Insane. Person whose sanity is
in question is entitled to his bill of exceptions and anappeal
as In other cases.
Court must cause Issue on plea of insanity to be first tried by a
si^ecial jury and. if that is found to he'trae, must order de-
fendant delivered to superintendent of State Sanitarium,
to remain until legally discharged.
Court must cause issue of insanity to be tried by Jury and, if
defendant is found insane, must order him delivered to su-
perintendent of State Sanitarium, to remain until legally
discharged.
Court must order question of insanity submitted to a jury.'
and trial or pronouncing of judgment must be suspended
until determination of question. Both sides must he rep-
resented by counsel. If jury finds person insane, trial or
iudgmentmnstbesuspende*^ until hisrecovery. If person
has i^een convicted, he must be committed to state Insane
asylum, or if his discharge is deemed dangerous by court he
may be so committed. In order of commitment to asylum
court must direct that person be redelivered to sheriff upon
recovery.
Court must impanel jury to determinewhether accused is in-
saneat timeof impaneling. an<l proceedings against accused
must 1 e suspended during continuance of insanity'. In
case of jiersons under indictment, state's attorney in charge
of case mustnotifv superinlenlent of hospital to which ac-
cused is sentof indictmentpending. If superintendentdis-
charges accused at any time he must notify state's attorney
and give reasons for discharge.
Superintendent of hospital, when he be-
lieves sanity restored, must notify judge
and sheriff of trial court, whereupon judge
must order person remanded to prison
and criminal proceedings must be re-
sumed.
If judge so directed in order of transfer,
superintendent of hospitr.1 must inform
judge and sheriff, whereupon person must
be remanded to prison and criminal pro-
ceedings must be resumed or he must be
discharged otherwise.
Superintendent of state asylum must notify
sheriff and district attorney of county,
(since 1912 county attorney) whereupon
sheriff must bring defendant from asylum
and place him in proper custody until ho
is brought to trial or judgment or is
legally discharged.
If confined in State Hospital for Nervous
Diseases, defendant must, upon demand.
be returned to sheriff to be reconveyed
by him to count}' jail.
Superintendent of hospital must notify
sheriff of county in which indictment or
presentment is pending, who must take
accused from hospital and hold him In
custody until he isadmltted to bail or Is
otherwise discharged accordingto law.
When court believes convicted person has
become sane, judgment must be pro-
nounced.
Superintendent of hospital must notify
sheriff and district attorney of county.
Sheriff must bring defendant from staw
hospital and place him in proper custody
untilhoLsbrought to trial or judgment or
Is legally dischaiged.
Sentence must be pronounced by court try-
ing prisoner. Recovery may be deter-
mmed by court on any evidence it may
choose to consider.
When person confinedin Government Hos-
pital for the Insane who is charged with
crime and subject to be tried for it re-
covers, superintendent of hospital must
notify the justice holding the criminal
court and deliver accused to court ac-
cording to its proper precept.
(See preceding colnmn.)
(See j.recedinp column.)
If person was committed to insane asylum,
superintendent must notify sheriff and
prosecuting attorney of county, where-
upon sheriff must 'take defendant and
place him in proper custody until he is
brought to trial or judgment or is l^ally
discharged.
(See preceding colonm.)
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
89
Table 10,
PERSONS CHARGED WITH CRIME, UNDERGOING TRIAL, CONVICTED BUT NOT SENTENCED OR IN
i^INEMENT UNDER OTHER LEGAL PROCESS, WHO APPEAR INSANE OR PLEAD INSANITY— Contd.
CONFINEMENT
|For procedure after acquittal of persons pleading insanity, see Table 12. For notes to this table, see pp. 92 and 93-1
Class of persons.
Procedure when indications of insanitj* are noted.
Procedure upon recovery.
Indiana -
Iowa.
Kwitucby '
Louisiana ^ .
Maine
Defendants in criminal CAses whose
sanity is doubted by court when they
appear for jtidgment.
Defendants whose sanity is doubted
when they appear at any stage of trial
of a criminalprosecution.^
Persons sent to a state hospital while
under indictment for crime.*
Persons appearing for trial whose sanity
is doubted by court.
Persons convicted who allege insanity
as cause against judgment.
Jury of 12 qualified persons must 1 e summoned and impan-
eled as directed by court to determine question of insan-
ity. Witnesses may be examined. If jury finds accused
insane, .'ourtmnstordercoramitment of defendant to a state
insane hospital.
Proceedings must be suspended and a trial must be had upon
question of insanity. If accused is found insane, no further
proceedings may betaken un'Jer indit-tment until his re-
covery; and if his discharge will endani^or puMic peace or
safety, court must order him commiltt^U to department for
criminal insane at Anamosa.
In cases where person is sent to a state hospital for insane,
county attorney in char.L-e of case must notify superintend-
ent of hospital of indictment I'endint; ai^'ainst person. If
superintendent at any time aischar;j;es patient, he must
notify county attorney of discharge and give reason.^
If court believes there are reasonable grounds for considering
defendant insane, proceedings must be jiostponed until
jury is impaneled to inquire whether he is insane. If jiiry
tindshim msane. court must direct that he be kept in prison
or conveyed by sheriff to nearest insane asyhim and there
kept until his recovery.
n court believes that there is reasonable ground for consider-
ing defendant insane, question of insanity must be deter-
mined byjury of 12 quuiified persons impaneled as directed
by court, If;ury finiis accuseil insane, he must be kept in
confinement m county jail or insane asylum until, in opin-
ion of court, he becomes sane.
Superintendent of hospital must notify
court, who must direct sheriff to return
defendant that judgment may be pro-
nounced; or court mav enter such order
whenever informed of defendant's re-
covery.
If accusefi was committed to department
for criminal insane at Anamosa, person
in charge must notify sheriff and county
attorney of proper county when patient
recovers. Sheriff must receive and hold
accuspd in custody until he is brought to
trial or jud[:ment or is discharged by dis-
trict court or judpe.
(See preceding column. )
Ifsenttoasylum. accused must be returued
to sheriff on demand, to be reconveyed
by hira to jail of county.
Judgment must be pronounced.
Jtfarylaad .
Hasp&chufiettn.
Michigan .
Minnesota.
Inmates of county tails and persons un-
der indictment who become insane be-
fore final conviction.
Persons indicted for offense or commit-
ted to jail on such a charge by a trial
justice or judge of a police or munici-
pal court, who plead insanity.
Persons convicted of crime in supreme
judicial court or either superior court
and found to be insane by judge of
court when motion for sentence is
made.
Persons indicted for crime or misde-
meanor in whose defense insanity is
alleged.
Persons appearing or alleged to be
iasano who are arrested and charged
with crime or misdemeanor during I
recess of circuit court for any coimty
or criminsil court of Baltimore bpfor.' '
judge of such court or who h;ivo been ;
arrested onany prore*^s Issued by any i
court orjudge, founded on oath, requir- '
ingsecurity to keep the peace, and fail i
to give anv.h sf^curity. I
Persons arrested for improper or dis-
orderly conduct or charged with any
crime or misdemeanor who appear or
are alleged to be inssine ana against
whom no indictment has been found.
Persons und(?r complaint or indictment
for a crime, found insane by court at
time appoinlpd for trial or sentence
or at any timo prior thereto.
Accused may Ve committed to either insane hospital by any
judge of sujireme judicial court or judge of superior court in
county where person is to lie tried or case is pending for ob-
servation under such limitations as such judu'e may direct.
If plea of insanity is made incourtorany justice of court be-
fore which case is to be tried is notified that such plea will
be made, justice may commit accused to custody of super-
intendent of either insane hospital to he detained until fur-
ther order of court, that truth or fakit y of plea may 1 e ascer-
tained. Superintendent ofhospital to which person is com-
mitted must at stated times while person remains in his
care report to judge of court bofore which person is to be
tried whether his longer detention is required for purposes
of obsen-ation.
Court may cause person tobecommittedtobuilding for crim-
inal insane at Augusta State Hospital, if he is convicted of
crime ininishaVde by imprisonment in st^te prison; other-
wise, to either state hospital for insane.*
Jury impaneled to try person mu^t find by its verd ict whether
or not person was insane at time of commission of offense
or still is insane. If jury finds by its verdict that accused
was insane at that i-ime and i.'^ insane at time of verdict,
court before which trial was had must cause accused to
be sent to a hospital or some other place deemed more
suitable by court, to bo confined imtil he becomes sane
and is legally discharged.
Judge mu.st order sheriff of county or city where offense
was committed to summon immediately jury of 12 men
to inquire whether accused w!=.s insanoat time offense was
committed end still is insane. If jury so finds, judge
must commit accused to a hospital or some other place
deemed more suitable by court to be confined until he
becomes sane and is legally discharged. ^
Upon satisfactory proof of permanent or
temporary recovery, any judge of cir-
cuit court for county where person in
question is detained or of supreme bench
of Baltimore city may upon habeas cor-
pus proceedings' make any order, abso-
lute or conditional, for permanent or
temporary discharge.
(10^
( Procedure Is practically the same as for preceding group of
persons except that court, instead of judgCj m^ust cause
Jury to bo impaneled and, if person Is found msane, must
direct his commitment to some suitable place).
Court may commit person to a static hospital for insane
under such limitations as it may order. Court may in
its discretion employ one or more experts in insanity or
other legally qualified physicians to examine dpfpndant.
Persons accused of murder, attempt at
mm*der. rape, attempt at rape, incest,
abduction, highway robbery, arson,
or attcmjit to do great bodily harm
who appear innane.
Persons in confinement under indict-
ment for murder, atti^mpt at murder,
rape, attempt at rape, incest, abduc-
tion, highway robbery, arson, or
assault to do great bodily harm who
appear insane.
Persons under indictment or informa-
tion found to l>e insane before or
during trial.
Court, upon certification of insanity of accused, must asuer-
tain whether insanity continues, and if it does, must
order him sent to State .\8ylum at Ionia (now Ionia
State Hospital).
Judge of circuit court of coimty where accused is confined
must in-stitute invest ication, calling 2 or more physi-
cians and other credible witnesses and the prosecuting
attorney to aid in examination. Jury may be called, if
deemcfl necessary. If it is proved tliat porson is insane,
judge may order" him removed to State Asylum at Ionia
(now Ionia State Hospital), to remain until his recovery.
Court in which indictment or information is filed must
order commitment to proper stato hospital: if person is
found to have homicidal tendencies court must order his
commitment to state asylum for dangerous insane (con- i
nnct^d with St. Poter State Ilospitjin.
When x>crson removed to a state hospital
is, in opinion of trustees and supcrin-
tondont of hospital, rf'stored to sanity,
he must be immediately returned to jail
or custody from which he was removed,
where he must be held in accordance
with terms of process by which he was
originally committed or confined.
When person transferred to State Asylum
at Ionia recovers, if judge of circuit court
so directed, superintendent of asylum
must inform such judge and prosecuting
attorney of recovery of accused, so thai
he may within (iO days be rAnanded to
prison and criminal proceedings may he
resumed or he may be otherwise dis-
charged.
Patient must be returned to coiut from
which he was received.
90
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 10.— PERSONS CHARGED "WITH CRIME, UNDERGOING TRIAL, CONVICTED BUT NOT SENTENCED OR IN
CONFINEMENT UNDER OTHER LEGAL PROCESS. WHO APPEAR INSANE OR PLEAD INSANITY— Contd.
(For procedure after acquittal of persons pleading insanity, see Table 12. For notes to this table, see pp. 92 and 93.]
STATE.
Class of persons.
Procedure when indications of insanity are noted.
Procedure upon recovery.
Mississippi
Missouri...
Montana. .
Nebraska. .
Nevada....
New Hampshire
New Jersey.
New Mexico.
New York..
North Carolina.
NOTtb Dakota.
Ohio..
Persona found during trial to have been
insane at time of crime and to bo still
insane.
Persona indicted for crime who become,
in opinion of court, insane before trial
Defendants whose sanity is doubted
when action is called for trial, during
trial, or when they are brought up for
judgment on conviction.
Persona becoming insane after ofTense
but before sentence.
Persons whose sanity is doubted when
action is called for trial or when they
are brought up for judgment on con-
viction.
Persons indicted for any offense or com-
mitted to jail on any criminal charge
to await action of grand jury, who
plead insanity.
Persons in confinement under commit-
ment, indictment, or any other than
civil process who e ppear insane."
Persons indicted for any offense who
are found insane.
Persons in confinement under indict-
ment or any other than civil process,
who appear insane.**
Persons In confinement under indict-
ment who plead insanity.
Persons accused of crime found by court
to be without sufBoient mental capac-
ity to undertai^e their defense or to
receive sentence after conviction.
Defendants whose sanity is doubted
when criminal action is called for trial ,
durirg trial, or when they are brought
up for judgment on conviction.
Persons indicted for an offense who
before sentence are alleged to be
insane.^^
Conservator of peace must remand prisoner to custody and
notify chancellor or clerk of chancery court, who must
proceed as with other insane persons.
Court must suspend proceedings against person and order
question of insanity submitted to a jury. Prosecuting
attorney and alleged insane person must be notified. If
person ia found insane, court must commit him to the
insane asylum.
Court must suspend proceedings against person and order
question of insanity submitted to a jury. Trial jury may
be discharged or retained during pendency of issue of
insanity. If person is found insane, court must commit
him to an asylum.
Proceedings raust bo suspended and court must impanel
jury to determine question of insanity of person at time of
mipaneling.
Court must suspend criminal proceedings against person
and order question of insanity submitted either to the
regular jury or to a jury specially impaneled for the pur-
pose. If person is found insane, court, if it deems his dis-
charge dangerous to public peace or safety, may order
sheriff to commit him to custody of some proper person."
If plea of insanity is made in court or any justice of court be-
fore which accused is to be tried is notified that such plea
will be made, justice may order person committed to cus-
tody ofsuperintendentofstateinsaneasylum to bedetained
until further order of court, that truth or falsity of plea
may be ascertained. >2
Justice of supreme court presiding in courts of county In
which person is confined, or a judge of circuit court, or
judge of court of common pleas of the county may inquire
into sanity of person, as in the case of persons detained
in institutions for insane. II he is found Insane, justice
or judge must order him confined in a state or county
institution for insane.'*
If upon arraignment accused i3 found insane by a jury law-
fully impaneled for the purpose or is so found at trial by
jury charged with indictment, court may order him kept
in strict custody in place specified by court while insanity
continues.
County judge' of county where person is confined must in-
stitute an investigation, calling 2 legally qualified exam-
iners in lunacy and other witnesses and inviting district
attorney to aid in examination, ani if he deems it neces-
sary, calling a jury. If prisoner is found insane, judge
must order his removal to a state asylum.
In case of persons in confinement under indictment, court
before which indictment is pending may at any time
before or after conviction appoint commission of not more
than 3 disinterested persons to examine accused and report
to court as to his sanity at time of examination. If pris-
oner is found insane by commission and court deems his
discharc^e dangerous to public peace and safety, court
must order that he be committed to a state asylum and
that upon his recovery he be redelivered to sheriff.
When defendant at time of arraignment pleads insanity as
a specification under plea of not guilty, court in which
indictment is pendiuEtj instead of proceeding with trial of
indictment, may appoint commission of not more than 3
disinterested persons to examine him and report to court
as to his sanity at time of commission of crime. Com-
misuon must be attended by district attomev of county
and may call and examine witne3:^e3. Defendfant'sioun-
sel may take part in pro'^eedin'^s. If commission finds
defendant insane, trial must be suspended until he be-
comes sane, and court, if it deems his discharge dangerous
to public peace or safety, must order that he be committed
by sheriff to a state insane asylum and that upon recovery
he be redelivered by suoerintendent to sheriff.
Trial court must detain person i n custody pending an inqui-
sition into his sanity and must notify person of date of
inquisition. Judge must cause witnesses to be summoned,
and If upon inquisition judge finds person dangerous to
himself or others he must commit him to hospital for dan-
gerous insane.
Court must suspend proceedings against person and order
question of insanity submitted to a jury. lYial jury may
be discharged or retained during pendency of issue of insan-
ity. If person is found insane, court must order sheriff to
commit him to the state hospital for insane.
Court in which indictment is pending, when notified by
attorney of accused person and presented with physician's
certificate as to person's insanity, must order jury impan-
eled totry question of person's insanity attimeof "impanel-
ing. If person is found insane by three-fourths of jury,
clerk of probate court must be notified, and accused must
be dealt with as after an inquest.
(See preceding column. )
Patient must be returned to county from
which he came, and proceedings against
him resumed.
Superintendent of asylum must noti^
sheriff" and county attorney. Sheriff
must remove patient from asylum, and
proceedings against him must be resumed.
Sheriff and district attorney of the county
must be notified and sheriff must place
person in proper custody until he is
brought to trial or Judgment or is legally
disctiarged.
(IS)
Chief officer of institution where person is
confined must notify justice or judge that
committed him to institution for insane,
who must order hini remanded to place
In which he was originally confined, to
be dealt with according to law.
(See preceding column.)
If person was sent to asylum, superin-
tendent of asylum must notify judge and
district attorney of his recovery so that
patient may within 60 days be remanded
to prison to be dealt with according to
law. (Seealso preceding column.)
If accused was received in insane asylimi,
superintendent of asylum must notify
judge of supreme court of district in
which asylum is situated as to his recov-
ery Judge must require sheriff to bring
defendant from asylum and place him In
proper custody until he is brought to
trial or is legally discharged.
If person was sent to hospital for dangerous
insane, authoritiesof hospital mustreport
recovery to sheriff of county from which
patient came, who must order that he ap-
pear before judge of superior court oftfie
district to be dealt with according to law.
When person against whom an indict-
ment is pending recovers. superintendent
must notify clerk of courtof county from
which patient was sent, who must place
case against him upon docket of superior
or criminal court of his county for trial:
and patient may not be dischiirgel with-
out an order from such court. No per-
son convicted of a crime upon whom
judgment was suspended by judge on
account of insanity may be discharged
from hospital except upon order of the
judge of the district or of the judge hold-
ing the court of the district in which ho
was tried.
Superintendent of hospital must notify
sheriff and state's attorney of the county.
Sheriff must remove patient from hospi-
tal and proceedings against him must be
resumed.
Accused may bo prosecuted for on offense
committed by him prior to his insanity; if
he had been convicted and was awaiting
sentence at time of insanity proceedings
he may be sentenced.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
91
Table 10.— PERSONS CHARGED WITH CRIME, UNDERGOING TRIAL, CONVICTED BUT NOT SENTENCED, OR IN
CONFINEMENT UNDER OTHER LEGAL PROCESS, WHO APPEAR INSANE OR PLEAD INSANITY— Contd.
[For procedure after acqaittal of persooi pleadin; Insaalty, see Table 12. For notes to thla table, see pp. 92 and 93.1
Class of persons.
Procsedure when indications of insanity are noted.
Procedure upon recovery.
Ohio— Continued.
Oklahoma''
Pennsylvania >B.
Rhode Island >9.
Texas.
Utah.
Vermont.
Virginia".
Persons confined in jail charged with an
offense, but not yet indicted, who are
alleged to have been insane at time
offense was committed or to have since
become insane.
Defendants whose sanity is doubted
when indictment or information is
called for trial or when upon convic-
tion they are brought up forjudgment.
Persons indicted for an offense who are
lound insane upon arraignment
Persons found insane during trial.
Soatb Carolina
South Dakota.
Persons committed to a county jail or
other prison by a committing magis-
trate on criminal charge less than
felony who are found insane.
Persons awaiting trial or imprisoned in
any county who are reported to be
insane-
Persons charged with crime found in-
sane upon trial before a judge of the
circuit court.
Defendants whose sanity Is doubted
wben indictment or information is
called for trial or when upon convic-
tion they are brought up forjudgment.
Persons arraigned for criminal offense
punishable by imprisonment in peni-
tentiary or death , in whose behalf plea
of present insanity is urged
Persons Indicted for a criminal offense
and iield by coiui. to be insane.
Persons pleading guilty to crime who
are believed by jwy to be insana
Persons convicted who are believed by
court to be insane.
Persons becoming Insane during trial or
wnen brougnt up lor sentence.
Persons indicted for criminal offense or
committed to jail on a criminal charge
by a justice, municipal, or city court,
who ^jlead insanity.
Persons under arrest charged with an
offense punishable by death or im-
prisonment in state prison or house of
correction, who appear insane.
Persons held for trial whoso sanity is
doubted by court at time of trial
Persom convicted but not sentenced,
wnose sanity u doubted by couru
Sheriff or jailer mu^t notify judge, clerk of court, and prose-
cuting attorney of proper county, and an examining court
must be held; and if judge linds that person was insane
when hecommittedoffeuseand still is insane, or afterwards
became and still is Insane, he may proceed as required by
law after an inquest.
Court must suspend proceedings against person and order
jury impaneled to inquire into person's insanity. If
person is found insane, court, if it deems his discharge dan-
gerous to pubhc peace or safety, may order him committed
tocareof suerih.
Jiuy must be impaneled to inquire into supposed insanity;
and if person is lound insane, court may order him kept in
strict custody, in place and manner deemed advisable by
court, so long as his insanity continues.
If person appearsinsane to jury, trial court must direct such
finding recorded, and may order person kept in strict
custody in place and manner deemed advisable by court,
so long as his insanity continues.
If upon examination of prisoner by at least 2 physicians he is
found insane, county commissioners must, with approval
ofcourt of quarter sessions of the county oroneofthejudgej
of that court , remove prisoner to proper hospital for insane.
^Vny justice of the supreme court on petition of the agent of
state charities and corrections, or of oillcer having custody
of person in question, may make such examination of
person as he deems proper and, if he finds him insane, may
order his removal to the state asylum for insane if he can
be received there, and if not, to Butler Hospital.
Judge before whom trial is held may send person to state
hospital for insane.
Coin"t must suspend proceedings against person and order
jury impaneled to inquire into person's sanity. If person
is found insane, court, if it deems his discharge dangerous
to public peace or safety, may order him committed to care
of sheriff.
If in case of person not previously known or believed to be
insane plea of present insanity is urged, court must charge
jury to determine from evidence question of insanity.
Upon a finding of insanity, unless oUense charged was
felonious assault or a misdemeanor, court is required to
cause person to be committed to hospital for insane.
Court, If satisfied that person is insane and has been so for four
successive terms, may discharge him upon recognizance of
sufficient sureties lor his appearance at next succeeding
term. Court may renew recognizance Irom term to term
as long as defendant continues insane.
If jury believes person pleading guilty is insane, it must so re-
port to court and issue as to that fact must be tried be-
fore another jury, if upon such trial defendant is found
insane, proceedings are the same as in the case of persons
found insane after conviction. (See belo%v).
If court has good reason to believe defendant insane, a jury
must be impaneled to try the issue. If person is found in-
sane, court must commit him to '"ustody of sheriff, and
proceedings must immediat-ly be certified to county judge,
who must arrange for his detention in insane asylum.
Upon complaint under oath court may submit question of
person's msanity toa jury and criminal proceedings against
him must be suspended, il person is fuund insane, judge,
if court deems bis freedom a menace to public quietude,
must order sheriff to commit him to btate Mental Hospital.
Presiding judge of the county court before vrhom accused is
to be tried, if plea of insanity is made, or if satisfied that
such plea will be made, may order person into care of super-
intendent of state hospital for insane to bo detained until
further order of judge or court, so that truth or falsity of
plea may be ascertained.
Governor, if he believes person is insane and in need of treat-
ment, may direct olticer having person in charge to remove
him to state hospital for insane pending proceedings upon
the charge.
Court mast suspend trial until a jury impaneled for the pur-
jiose inquires into supposed insanity. If jury finds person
insane at lime of verdict it must further decide whether or
not person was insane at time of allei^ed oilense. If person
is found to have been insane at that time, court may dis-
miss prosecution and either discharge him or order him
committed to an insane asylum. If jury finds he was not
insane at that time, court must commit him to jail or order
him confined in an insane asyliuu until he recovers so that
ho can be tried.
Court may impanel jury to inquire into insanity, and, if
person is found insane, must commit him to jail or to an
msane asylum.
Superintendent having person in charge
must notify prosecuting attorney of
proper county. Unless the prosecuting
attorney causes a capias to be issued,
superintendent must discharge patient.
Sheriff must place person in proper custody
until he is brought to trial or judgment
or is legally discharged
(See preceding column.)
(See preceding column.)
Any justice of stipreme court may remand
patient toplace of original conlinement to
await trial for offense for which he stands
committed.
Sheriff must place person in proper custody
until he is brought to trial or judgment, as
case may be, or is legally discharged.
If accu-sed was committed to hospital, trus-
tees and physician of hospital must cause
patient to be delivered to jailer of David-
son County and immediately notify clerk
of county in which patient wa*? arraigned.
At next term of court district attorney
may resume proceedings against person;
otherwise he must be discharged.
(See preceding column.)
When court in which defendant was con-
victed is notified of his recovery by cer-
tificate of superintendent of asylum or
by alfidavit of any credible person, iif
defendant is not confined m Insane
asylum, judge or court must order de-
lendant brought before court, and jury
must be impaneled to try issue of sanity,
if he is found sane, conviction may be
enforced against liim.
If person was committed to hospital, super-
mtendent of hospital must notify sheriff
of county Irom which patient was sent,
who must place him in proper custody
until he is brought to trial or judgment.
If person was committed to hospital, super-
mtendent of hospital must notify clerk
of court by whose order patient was con-
fined, and clerk ma-^t cause patient to be
returned to jail. When prisoner is so
brought from insane asylum and com-
mitted to jail or when it is found by ver-
dict of another jury that a prisoner whose
trial has been suspended has been re-
stored to sanity, the court must proceed
to try bim.
II person was committed to hospital, super-
mtendent of hospital must notify clerk
of court by whose order patient was con-
fined, and clerk must cause patient to be
returned to jail. When prisoner is so
brought from insane asylum and com-
mitte J to jail, or when it is lound by ver-
dict of another jury that a prisoner whose
sentence was suspended has been re-
stored to sanity, court must pronoimce
sentence.
92
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 10,— PERSONS CHARGED WITH CRIME, UNDERGOING TRIAL, CONVICTED BUT NOT SENTENCED, OR IN
CONFINEMENT UNDER OTHER LEGAL PROCESS, WHO APPEAR INSANE OR PLEAD INSANITY—Contd.
(For procedure after acquittal of persons pleading insanity, see Table 12.]
Class of persons.
Procedure when indications of insanity are noted.
Procedure npon recovery.
Washington.
W€6t Virginia.
Wisconsin.
Wyoming.
Persons arraigned for an indictable of-
fense who are foimd to be insane.
Persons convicted of crime vho in judg-
ment of court were insane at lime of
at:t charged or at time of conviction or
sentence.
Persons indicted for criminal offense
whose sanity is doubted by court at
time of trial*
Persons convicted but not sentenced
whose sanitv is doubted bv court.
Persons indicted or informed against for
any ofifense who are all*^ed to he in-
Persons under charge of or convicted be-
fore court of record for crime punish-
able by imprisonment in state prison,
who are awaiting hearing, trial, con-
viction, or sentence on account of al-
leged insanity at time of crime or later.
Persons continerfl awaiting trial who are
insane.
Superior court, if person is found by the jury to be insane at
time of arraignment, may commit him to hospital for in-
sane.
Court trying ca.se may direi-t that person be confined for
treatment in a state h(.>s[)itdl for insane or in the insane
ward of state penilentiiiry until his recovery. In deter-
mining insanity of any such person court may take coimsel
with one or more experts in the diagnosis and treatment of
insanity.
Coiu-t must suspend trial until a jury impaneled for the piu-
pose inquires into supposed insanity. If jury finds person
insane at time of verdict, it must further decide whether
or not person was insane at time of alleged olTense. If per-
son is found to have been insane at that time, court may
dismiss prosecution and either discharge him or order him
committed to a hospital for insane. If jury finds he was
not so at that time, court must commit him'to jail or order
him confined in a hospital for insane imtil he recovers so
that he can be tried.
Court must impanfl jury to inquire into insanity, and if
person Is found insane, must commit him to jail or to hos-
pital for insane.
If informed that there is a probability that accused is insane
at time of trial, court must, in a summary manner, make
inquisition by a jury or otherwise, and if person is found
insane, trial must be suspended and accused confined in a
state hospital for insane. ^i If it is determined by proper
authorities of hospital that accused is incurable, he must
not be retained in hospital to the exclusion of more hopeful
cases; but no such person who is luider charge or convic-
tion of a crime punishable by imprisonment in state
prison and was committed to hospital by order of court of
record having jurisdiction of case, may be removed except
upon order of such court.
Any court of record having jurisdiction of accused may com-
mit him to a state hospital for insane for safe-keeping and
treatment.
Anyone having pt-rsou in charge must, and any citiien of
the state may, make complaint, and question of insanity
must be inquired into by a jury in accordance with pro-
cedure prescribed for oilier cases. If found insane, person
must be taken to such place for treatment as is provided
orprescribed byState Board of Charitie? and Reform either
generally or for that particular case.
(See preceding column. j
If person was committed to hospital, super-
intendent of hospital must notify clerk of
court by whose order patient was cim-
fined, and clerk must cause patient to be
returned to jail. When prisoner is so
brought from hospital and committed to
jail, or when it is found by verdict of
another jury that a prisoner whoso trial
has been suspended has been restored to
sanity, court must proceed (o try him.
If person was committed to haspltal, su-
perintendent of hospital must notify
clerk of court bv whose order pat lent was
confined, and clerk miist cause patient to
be returned to jail. When prisoner is so
brought from insane asylum and com-
mitted to jail, or when it is found by
verdict of another jury that a prisoner
whose sentence was suspended has been
restored to sanity, court must pronounce
sentence.
Superintendent of hospital must notify
sheriiT of county in which proceedings
are pendine, who must commit patient
to county jail or have him held on bail.
(See procedure in case of persons indicted
or informed against for any offense.)
Patient mu.st be returned to place of con-
finement from which he was sent and
tried there.
NOTES TO TABLE 10.
' In case of person lirought up for judgment on conviction, court must order a Jury to be summoned from the li^t of jurors selected l)y the coimty commissioners for the
year.
3 A law approved Mar. 15, 1913, contauied provisions as follows: "If at any tune before trial of any criminal cause or during trial and before submL5sion of cause to
court or jury trying it. court has reasonable ground for lielieving defendant insane, he must fix a time for hearing question of insanity and must appoint 2 physicians to
examine defendant and testify concerning question at hearing. Other evidence may be introduced at hearing. If court finds defendant unable to understand proceedings
and make his defense, he must order defthdant, if a male, committed to Indiana Hospital for Insane Criminals, or, if a female, to any hospital of state where female insane
arc confined. If court finds otherwise, trial must not be delayed or continued on gromid of alleged insanity."' The procedure upon recovery is practically the same as that
stated in the last column of this table as applying t« persons convicted but not sentenced, except that upon release defendant must be placed on trial for charges.
3 The code of Iowa aU'o contains the following provisions, which, however, have been held by supreme court to be invalid so far as they purport to jrive the commissioners
of insanity authority to determine the question of the insanity of a prisoner uu'ler arrest on an indictment:
On a written aj^lication made by any citizen stating that a person confined in any prison within the county who is charged with a crime but not convicted of it nor
on trial for it is insane, the commissioners of insanity must cause prisoner to be brought Kefore them, and if they find him insane, must direct his removal to one of the
hospitals for insane. Upon patient's recovery, superintendent mustdirectsherifllofcounty from whichpersonwasreceived to return him to the jail of that county to answer
charge against him.
* In 1911 the following provisions were enacted relating to persons under indictment or information before or during trial and before verdict is rendered:
Procidure u-hm indications of insanity are nuied. — If person is foimd insane by court in which indictment or information is filed or by a commission or another jury
impaneled to try question, comt must commit him to State AsyUnn for Dangerous Insane to be kept until recovery.
Procedure v'pon recoreri/. — Person must l-e returned to court from which he was ret-eived to l-e placed on trial upon indictment or information.
6 Acji-ording to a provision contained in the chaj^ter on insane hospitals in the General Statutes of 1W9, no patient who is charged with crime may be discharged until at
least in days after notice has been given to probate judge of county having jurisdiction of case.
• Provisions are contained in a chapter relating to an'aignnifut and pleadings and do not apply in cases where accused has been convicted and sentenced.
' Accordmg to provisions relating to the state hospital at Jackson, physician of hospital must examine persons committed by authority of district or parish judge, and,
if in his opinion person is only feigning insanity, being charged with felonious crime, he must rejjort to board of administrators, which, after investigation, must decide
whether person should be admitted to hospital or confined in parish jail. If such person feigning insanity who has been previously committed to prison for a crime is sent
to parish jail, proper authority of his parish of residence must be notified. These provisions apply also "to persons charged with crime who recover while in hospital. If
person feigning insanity is confined in parish jail, hemust subsequently be removed to parish of residence. Similar provisions are contained in a law providing for the
hospital later established at Plneville, except that this law does not provide for commitment by the parish jud^e.
These were the only statutory provisions prior to an act approved July 1, 1910. providmg for a ward for criminal insane in the East Ixtuisiana Hospital for the Insane at
Jackson. This act contains provisions subslantiallv as follows: ■ u i. •
Procedure when indications of iiuanivt are no/fd.^— If person charged with crime bv affidavit, information, or indictment is found to be insane in court in which he js so
charged, before trial or after trial and conviction, court must order him committed to' ward for criminal insane in East I^ouisiana Hospital for Insane, to be held there until
lie becomes sane.
Procedure upon recovery.— -^^ person committed as noted above is, in opinion of superintendent, not insane or when suchpersonhascompletelyrecovered, hemust, upon
certificate of commission composed of super mtendents of the 2 state hospitals (and in case of their disagreement a physician appointed by judge of district court from which
person was committed) be sent back to jail or custody from which removed, to be held for trial or sentence. Whennny person confined in ward for criminal insane who
was not acquitted of crime with which charged re<-overs his sanity, superintendent of hosjntal must notify clerk of district court of parish in whic-h crime was committed ;
and upon order of judge of such court accused person must be given into custody of sheriff of such parish for return to parish for trial. Where a person has been committed
to a state hospital for insane who ]»ecamo insane after conviction for a crime punishable by imprisomnent in state penitentiary or by death, he must upon recovery be
delivered by superintendent of hospital to sheriff of parish where he was convicted in order tfiat judgment and sentence of court may be executed. WTien any person charged
with a felony necessarily punishalde in state penitentiary or by death has been adiudtred insane 1 efore or after trial or conviction and committed to a state hospital for
insane, such person must not be discharged from hosjutal or delivered into custodyof proper sheriff until superintendents of the 2 state hospitals for msane (and m case of
their disagreement a physician appointed by judge of district court from which person was committed) are satisfied that person has completely recovered and maybe
discharged without danger to others and have certified to his recoverv. . , . ., ,. ,
8 According to a law of 1911 the superintendent of the Augusta Sfate Hospital and the Hospital Trustees (see Table 1 ) may transfer patients committed to buildmg for
criminal insane to any other buildine for insane at the .\uensta hospital when they deem it necessary, and safety of other patients permits.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
93
NOTES TO TABLE 10— Coutinued.
•If person has property the rent or profit of wbich is adequate for hissupport in a hospital, courtor judge must appoiut a trustee, requiring hitu to give bond for support
of insane person in some hospital until his recovery, and for faithful management of the estate.
»o No specific provision. If in judgment of I^unacy Commission any person confined in any institution as insane is not insane, it may at any time notify state's attorney
of any county or of Baltimore City, who must apply to proper tribunal for a writ of habeas corpus and if court believes person is not insane, he must be discharged.
n According to a law which appears (or the first lime in the Revised Laws of Nevada, 1912, the procedure isnowsubstantially as follows: Court must suspend criminal
proceedings against person and order quest ion of insanity subruitLed to a jury specially impaneled for Ihe purpose. If person is found insane, court, if it deems his freedom
a menace to public quietude, must order sherifi^ to commit him to the Hospital for Mental Diseases.
>i According to an amendment of IMll, accused person must be detained by superintendent until furt her order of court or until ordered discharged from hospital by its
trustees upon report by superintendent that person is nut insane; and when person is thus discharged superintendent must notify county solicitor of county from which
/>erson was sent to hospital, who must cause person to be removed. By provision of 1913 board of truslfes was superseded by the Board of Control.
'3 The provisions summarize*! are from a law of 1906. The Compiled Statutes of 1910 also contain provisions from a law of ls9;j which are substantially as follows: If a
person in confinement under indictment or under any other than civU process appears to be insane, judge of circuit court of county where he is confined must institute an
inquiry, calling a physician and oiher witnesses and inviting prosecutor of pleas to aid inexammationand, if he (leeras it necessary, calling a jury. If person is found insane,
judge may dBcharge him from imprl'-onment and order his removal to one of the state hospitals to remain until restored to sanity, when, if judge so directed, medical director
of liospital must inform the judge, county clerk, and prosecutor of pleas of his recovery. The person must then be remanded to prison and criminal proceedings must be
resumed or he must otherwise be discharged.
An act passed in 1913 embodying the provisions shown in the table contained a clause repealnig all acts or parts of acts which were inconsistent with the new act. By
this act the mode of inquiry as to the insanity of persons detained in institutions for the insane was changed. (See Table 5, note 25.)
>* According to a law of Apr. 27, 19U, proViding for a house of detention at the New Jersey State Hos-pital at Trenton, after its completion all commitmentsof convict or
criminal insane must be made to that institution.
'* The provisions shown in the table were amended in 1910 so as to be substantially as follows:
Procedure when indkatiom of iii-^anity are iiuted.—hi the case of all persons of the class specified who arc rontlned outside city of New York, and of all such persons
confined within city of New York for whose otlen.se maximum fine exceeds SJOO or term of imprisomnent exceeds 1 year, a judge of a court of record of the city or
county or a justice of the supreme court of the Judicial district in which alleged insane person is confined must institute an investigation, calling 2 legally qualified
examiners in lunacy and other witnesses, inviting district attorney to aid In the examination, and, if he deems it necessary, calling a jury. If prisoner isfound insane
Judge must order his removal to a state institution for insane.
In New York City persons confined fur an olTense for which maximum fine does not exceed $oOO or term of imprisonment does not exceed 1 year, must be comraittad
to care of commissioner of public charities or to trustees of Belle\-ue Hospital pending determination of question of sanity.
Procedure upon recovery. — Superinlcndent of institution where person is confined must notify jufigc and district attorney, so that patient may be returned to
authority by which he was originally held in confinement and proceedings against him may bo resumed.
Any inmate of Mattea wan State Hospital not a convict, held upon an order of a court or judge in a criminal proceeding, may be discharged upon superintendent's
certificate of recovery made to and approved by such court or judge.
i«The General Code of 1910 contains provisions substantially as follows, which are to be in force when the Lima State Hospital is ready for occupancy. If a grand
jury upon investigation of a person accused of crime finds him insane, it must report such lintiing to court of common pleas, which must order jury impaneled to try
(piestion of person's insiinity at time of impaneling. If person is found insane, he must be sent to Lima State Hospital. »lien indications of insanity are noted Id
the case of persons under indictment i^roceedings must be the same a'^ for persons not indicted because of insanity.
1' The Revised Laws of 1910, published under authority of an act approved Mar. 15, 1911, also contains a provision according to which a defendant in any criminal
prosecution may have it contended in his behalf that he is insane at time of trial. In such cases court must submit to jury a proper form of verdict, and if jur>' finds defendant
not guilty on account of such uisanity , it must so stale, whereupon court must order defendant committed to state hospital for insane or other state institution for care and
treatment of such cases, until the sanity of defendant is judicially determined and he is discharged according to law.
i» The provLsions relating to the renns;rlvania State Lunatic Hospital and the Western Pennsylvania Hospital (the insane department of which is now called
Dlxmont Hospital) contain sections authorizing removal of certain classes of persons from hospital to prison of proper county or penitentiary from which they were sent,
provided that aft€r an inquiry by the controlling board (or in the ease of Dixmont Hospital, a quorum of such board), with the aid of principal physician, the majority
of such board or quonim, including the physician, are satisfied that there are no reasonable prospects of his recovery in the hospital. The classes to which the
soctlonsspeciflcally apply are: Persons acquitted on ground of insanity; indicted persons who upon arraignment or during trial were found insane; persons charged with
crime wiio were found insane when brought before court to be discharged for want of prosecution; and persons who were removed to hospital from penitentiary or prison.
'" According to a law approved Aug. is, 1910, amending the sections of the General Laws summarized in the table, the Board of State Charities and Corrections is
authorized to establish an insane ward at the state prison, and persons acquitted of criminal charge on ground of insanity and persons found insane while awaiting
tri:il or imprisoned after con\iction of any crime are to be committed to this ward or to state hospital for insane. This law also amends the provisions for the transfer
of persons from prison or Jail t« institutions for iiLsane by substituting "presiding justice of the superior court, or in his absence any justice of the superior court" for
"justice of the supreme court."
20 See also Table 13. Ac^^ording to a law approved Mar. 17, 1910, if any person charged with or indicted for any crime is found insane at time of trial, court must
order him comraitlofl to the department for criminal iasane at the proper hospital, to be kept until he becomes sane. If prior to the time for trial of any person under
complaint or indictment for any crime, either the court or the attorney for the commonwealth has reason to believe that such person is in such mental condition that his
confinement in a hospital for insane is necessary for proper care and observation, court may commit him to department for criminal insane under such limitations as it
may order, pending detemiination of his men{:d condition, and in such case court may appoint 1 or more experts in insanity, or other qualified physicians, not to
exceed 3, to examine defendant before commitment is ordered. If any such person is in opinion of superintendent not insane, or when such person, if insane, has
been restored to sanity, he must be brought back immediately to jail or custody from which he was removed, (o be dealt with according to law.
•1 According to law now in force, commitment in such cases must be made to hospitiil for criminal insane. This institution, which according to an act approved
July 6, 1911, was to he a component part of Wisconsin State Prison, was created a separate institution by an act approved May 27, 1913.
Provisions as to the plea of insanity in criminal cases are summarized in the following table:
Table 11,— PROVISIONS CONCERNING PLEA OF INSANITY IN CRIMINAL CASES.
Provisions concerning plea of insanity.
Alabama..
Indiana...
Nebraska .
When defense of insanity is set up in a criminal prosecution,
it must be by speciarplea, in substance "Not guilty by
reason of insanity," interposed at time of arraignment and
entered of rei^ord upon docket of court. Such plea does
not preclude plea of general issue, which must not put in
issue question of irresponsibility of accused, by reason of
alleged insanity, this question' being triablo only under
special plea.
When defendant desires to plead that he was insane at time
of crime, he or his counsel must set up such a defense special-
ly in writing and prosecuting attorney may reply by a
general denial in WTitmg.
riea of not guilty by reason of insanity or mental derange-
ment may be made ; defense of insanity may be raised under
general plea of not guilty.
Provisions concerning plea of insanity.
New Hampshire.
New York
Washington >
Wisconsin *
Plea of not guilty by reason of insanity or menta 1 derangement
may be :iccepted" by state's counsel or may be found true
by verdict of jury. '
Person in confinement under indictment may oiTer plea of
insanity upon arraignment, as a specification under plea of
not guilty.
Plea of insanity at time of crime, asserting whether or not
insanity continues, must be filed as an additional plea at
time of pleading not guilty, or may be interposed subse-
quently before cause is submitted to jury, if it is proved
that insanity of defendant was not before 'known to person
authorized to interpose plea.
Plea of insanity at time of crime must be first tried as special
issue. If jury disagrees upon trial of special issue, question
of insanity involved in such issue must be tried and de-
termined by jury with plea of not guilty.
» The provision summarized is contained in the law of 1907 refen-ed to in Table 12, note 18.
2 The provision summarized has been amendeilsoasto prescril>3 that plea of insanity at time of crime be tried and determined as a special issue with plea of not guilty.
PERSONS ACQUITTED.
In Table 12 the provisions ivgarding the verdict
and subsequent procedure in the case of persons ac-
quitted of crinunal charges on the ground of insanity
are summarized. When sucli ])ors(>ns are sent to
a hospital, they are, of com*se, held there as insane
instead of as criminals and, unless specific provisions
as to their discharge aj)pear in the laws, they are sub-
ject to the same conditions in this respect and with
respect to habeas corpus pro<»oedings as other insane
pei-sons. The only provisions for discharge noted in
Table 12 are those which specifically relate to acquitted
pei^sons.
In Massachusetts special procedm*e is prescribed in
the case of persons acquitted of murder and man-
slaughter, and in Indiana and Michigan in the case of
persons acquitted of felonies.
It will be noted that in Georgia and North Carolina
])ersons acquitted of capital crimes may not be dis-
charged except by act of the legislature.
94
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 12.— PERSONS ACQUITTED OF CRIMINAL CHARGE ON GROUND OF INSANITY.
[For notes to this table, see p. 96-1
Verdict.
Trocedureiipon acquittal.
Alabama.,
Arizona . . ,
Arkansas..
California.
Colorado I...
Connecticut.
If it appears that defendant did act charged, but
was insane at that time, verdict mu.st be "not
guilty by reason of insanity."
Not guilty by reason olinsamty
Ground of acquittal must be stated.
Not guilty by reason of insanity
Court must ascertain whether insanity continuej and if it does must order acquitted
person sent to hospital.
Court may order jury summoned from ury list o' county to inquire whether insanity
continues and may cause witnesses to be summoned and direct district attorney
(since 1912 county attorney) to conduct proceedings. Counsel may appear for defenfi-
ant. Court may direct sherilf to take defendant and retain him m custody until
question of continuing insanity is determined. Jf defendant is lonnd insane by jury,
he must be committed by sherilf to state insane asylum; if lound sane, he must be
discharged.
Upon presentation of certificate from judge stating that person has been acquitted upon
plea of insanity superintendent of btate Hospital for Nervous Diseases must admit
person to hospital and i.eep him there until hjj recovery.
Court may order jury summoned from jury list of county to inquire whether insanity
continues and may cause wimesses to be summoned and direct district attorney to
conduct proceedings. Counsel may appear .or defendant. Court may direct sheriff
to tat.e deiendant and retain him m custody until question of continuing insanity is
determined, li deiendant is lound insane by jury, he must be committed by sheriff
lo scale insane asylum; if found sane, he must be discharged.
Delaware.
District of Columbia.
Florida.
Georgia*
Idaho . . .
niJDois.
Indiana^.
Iowa
Kansas 6..
Kentucky. ,
Louisiana.
Uaine.,
Maryland i
Uassachusetts. .
If defense of insanity i*? established to satisfac-
tion of jurv and fact charged is proved, verdict
must bo ''not guilty by reason of insanity."
Ground of acquittal must be stated . .
Ground of acquittal must be stated.
Not guilty by reason of insanity.,
If it appears from evidence that act was com-
mitted as charged and accused was insane,
groimd of acquittal and finding as to recovery
must be stated.
Fact of Insanity must be found by jury or by
court if trial is by court. If defendant is ac-
cused of felony, fUiding must be made both as
to insanity at time of act charged and as to
whether he committed act.
Ground of acquittal must be stated. .
Ground of acquittal must be stated. .
When jury, upon general issue of not guilty,
acquits person on account of insanity, ground
of acquittal must be stated.
Ground of acquittal must be stated
Court may commit acquitted person to a state hospital lor insane for a specified term,
unless some person gives bond to confme him ,n manner court directs. If acquitted
p'Tson has estate, court must appoint overseeer for such person. After confine-
ment in state hospitalj acquitted person or officers of institution may petition
superior court of county m which person Ls confined for his relea.:;e. Petition must bo
servedupon various specified persons, includin^stale'sattorney of county where trial was
held, touch state's attorney must appear uud represent the state. Court makes
order as to disposal of patient. If patient is found insane at expiration of specified
term lor which committed to hospital, supermtendent of hospital must notify state's
attorney of county where trial was held, who must procure Irom such court or judge
of such court an order lor lurther commitment of patient until his recovery.
Upon motion of attorney general court may order person committed by sheriff to beeper
Oi almshouse of county where case was tried or county of residence of acquitted per-
son or court may order person placed in any institution for insane in the United States,
appointing a trustee to couiract with institution. The court of general sessions of
county where case was tried may order release whenever satisfied that public safety
will not be thereby endangered or may order removal to almshouse of county in which
person resided at time of act charged or of county where act was committed.
Court may certify fact that accused was acquitted on ground of insanity to Secretary of
the Interior, who may order person confined in Government Hospital for the Insane.
Person whose sanity is in question is entitled to his bill of exceptions and an appeal
as in other cases.
If court considers that discharge or going at large of insane person would be dangerous,
it must order him to be committed to jail or oiherwise to be cared for as an insane per-
son, or may commit him to care of friends giving satisfactory security; otherwise he
must be discharged.
"When person has been committed to State Sanitarium, if crime was capital, he must
not be discharged Irom sanitarium except by special act of legislature; if crime was
not capital, he may be discharged by warrant or order from governor.
Courtmay order jury to be summoned Irom jury Hit of county to inquire whether insanity
continues and may direct sheritf to Keep acquitted person in custody until determina-
tion of question. Court may cause witnesses to be summoned and direct prosecuting
attorney to conduct proceedings; counsel may appear for acquitted person. If jury
finds person insane, he must be committed by sheriif to state insane asylum. If jury
finds hira sane, he must bo discharged.
If jury finds person has not entirely or permanently recovered, court must have person
committed to a state hospital for insane to remain untilhis recovery; otherwise he must
be discharged. State's attorney in charge of cose must notify superintendent of hos-
pital to which accused is sent of fact that person was acquitted of crime on plea of in-
sanity. If superintendent discharges accused at any time, he must notify state's at-
torney and give reasons.
If crime was murder, attempt at murder, rape, attempt at rape, highway robbery, or
arson, judge of court trying case must order acquitted person removed to hospital for
insane criminals, to remJiin until he recovers and is adjudged by medical superintendent
and Board of Administration a fit subject to be discharged.
Defendant must be proceeded against on charge of insanity. Proceedings must conform
to those prescribed for admission of insane to a general state asylum for insane,* but no
preliminary statement in wTitingis required. Verdict of jury or finding of court which
tried case is prima facie evidence of insanity.
In case of male accused of a felony, if finding of court or jury is against defendant as to
commitmentof actcharged, but in favor of him on plea of insanity, he must be com-
mitted by order of comt to Indiana Hospital for Insane Criminals.
If defendant is in custody and his discharge is found to be dangerous to public peace and
safety, court must order him confined in insane hospital or retained in custody until
he becomes sane.
In cases where person is sent to a state hospital, county attorney in charge of case must
notify superintendent of hospital that person was acquitted on plea of insanity. If
superintendent at any time discharges patient, he must notify county attorney and
give reason.
If court, after hearing any testimony ofl'ered by commonwealth or defendant, is satisfied
that person is insane at time verdict is rendered, it may order him to be taken to an
insane asylum.
If court deems discharge and going at large of acquitted person dangerous to safety of citi-
zens or peace of state, court may commit person to state insane hospital or any similar
institution iu any parish within jurisdiction of court ^ to be kept until he recovers or
is otherwise delivered by due course of law.
Court by a precept stating fact of insanity, may commit acquitted person to insane hos-
pital. A i>erson so committed may be discharged from institution oy court having juris-
diction of case or by any justice of supreme judicial court, upon satistictory proof tliat
discharge will not endanger peace and saiety of community, or he may be committed
by such justice to custody of any friend giving approved bond to judge of probiite for
coimty in v.-hioh hospital is located for his safe-'-:eeping and payment of damages anyone
may sustain by his acts. If person so discharged is found, upon satisfiictory proof, to
De aga?n daneerously insane, any justice of supreme judicial court may, by a pfccopt
stating fact of insanity, recommit h im to insane hospital from which he was discharged.
Ground of acquittal must be stated .
Coiirt, if satisfied that acquitted person is insane, may order him committed to a state
insane hospital under such limitations as may seem proper. If act committed wa'j
murder or manslaughter, ( ourt must order person committed for life to a state msane
hospital; he may be discharged from hospital by governor, with advice and consent oi
council, when governor is satisfied, after an investigation by Stale Board of Insanity
that discharge will not be dangerous to others.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
95
Table 12.— PERSONS ACQUITTED OF CRIMINAL CHARGE ON GROUND OF INSANITY— Continued.
[For notes to this table, see p. 96.!
Hkhigan.
Minnesota.
Mississippi.
Missouri —
Montana.
Nebraska
Nevada'
New Hampshire.
Verdict.
Ground of acquittal must be stated.
Ground of acquittal and finding as to whether
person has homicidal tendencies must bo
stated.
Ground of acquittal must be stated and also
finding as to whether accused has since re-
covered and as to whether he Is dangerous to
community.
Ground of acquittal and finding as to recovery
must be stated.
Not guilty by reason of insanity..
Ground of acquittal must be stated..
Groimd of acquittal must be stated .
Procedure upon acquittal.
If discharge or points at large of person acquitted is considered manife^ly dangerous to
peace and safety of community, court may order him to be committed to prison and
to be Iccpt there until further order of court; othenvise he mu?t be discharged.
If crime charged was murder, attempt at murder, rape, attempt at rape, incest, abduction,
high^'ay robbery, or arson, or attempt to do great bodily harm, court, upon receiving
certification of acquittal on ground of insanity, must inquire whether msanity con-
tinues and, if it does, must order person sent to State Asylum at Ionia (now Ionia State
Hospital*.
Court must commit person to proper f tate hospital, which in the case of persons having
homicidal tendencies is hospital for dangerous insane (connected with St. Peter State
Hospital). A person thus committed to a hospital may not be released, except upon
. order of court that committed him and until superintendent of hospital certifier to
such court that in his opinion person is wholly recovered and that no person will be en-
dangered by his discharge.
If jury certifies that person is still Insane and dangerous, judge must order him conveyed
to one of the state asylums lor insane.
In case iury finds person not permanently recovered, if prisoner is not a poor person and
court believes itunsafe to permit him to go at large, order for his removal to a state hos-
pital must bo entered of record: if prisoner is a poor person, court must remand him to
custody of sheriff or other officer of court to be held until county court rauses him to be
removed to hospital. If jury finds person permanently recovered, ho must be dis-
charged from custody.
Court may order jury summoned from jury list of cotmty to inquire if insanity of de-
fendant fontinues and may cause witnesses to be summoned and direct county attorney
to conduct proceedings; it may also direct sheriff to taVe defendant and detain him in
custody until question of continuing insanity is determined. If defendant is found
insane at time of acquittal, court must order sheriS to commit him to insane asylum;
if found sane, be must be discharged.
Court must order defendant committed to the state hospital for insane untilhe becomes
sane and is regularly discharged.
New Jersey .
New Mexico
New York
North Caroltaa. .
North Dakota;
Ohio ,
Oklahoma
Oregon
Pennsylvania " .
Rhode Island >«.
Bonth Carolina '
South Dakota. .
Texas.
Utah..
Vermont.
Ground of acquittal must be stated. ,
Ground of acquittal must be stated .
Ground of acquittal must be stated . .
Ground of acquittal must be stated .
Not guilty by reason of insanity
Ground of acquittal must be stated. .
Ground of acquittal must be stated.
Ground of acquittal must be stated..
Court, if of opinion that it Is daneerous for person to be at large, may commit htm to prison
or asylum for insane, to remain until discharged by due course of law. Governor and
council or supreme court may disrharge any such person from pri.son.
Court must ascertain whether insanity continues, and, if it doe.s.must order person in safe
custody and to be sent to a state hospital for insane. Patient may be discharged by
order of one of the justices of the supreme eoiut if, upon due investigation, it appears
safe, legal, and right to make such order.a
Court may order person kept in strict custody in place specified by court while insanity
continues.
Court, if defendant is in custody and it deems his discharge dangerous to public peace
or safety, must order him committed to state insane asylum until his recovery. 't»
Court which tried case must detain person in custody pending an inquisition into his
sanity and must notify person of date of inquisition. Judge must cause witnesses to
be summoned and, if upon inquisition judge finds person to be dangerous to himself
or others, he must commit him to the hospital for dangerous insane. Upon his recov-
ery, authorities having charge of person must notify sheriff of county from which he
came, who must order that he appear before judge of superior court of district to be
dealt with according to law. No person who has been charged with capital felony
may be discharged from the hospital unless by an act of general assembly. No per-
son who has been charged with a lesser crime may be discharged except upon order of
governor.
Court, if defendant is in custody and it deems his discharge dangerous to public peace
or safety, may order him to be committed to the state hospital for insane or to such
person or persons as court may direct, to remain until h? becomes sane.
Person must be delivered to probate court to be proceeded against on the ground of In-
sanity, and the verdict is prima facie evidence of insanity. If he is committed to an
asylum and later recovers his sanity, superintendent must notify prosecuting attor-
ney of proper count v. Unless prosecuting attorney causes a capias to be Issued, super-
intendent must discharge patient.
Court, if defendant is in custody and it deems his discharge dangerous to public safety,
may order him to be committed to state insane asylum or to such persons as court may
direct to remain until ho becomes sane.'^
Court, if it deems person's being at largo dangerous to public peace or safety, must order
him to be committed to any insane asylum authorized by the state to receive such
persons, to remain until he becomes sane or is othenvise discharged by authority of law.
Court must order prisoner committed to some place of confinement "for safe-keening or
treatment. If. after a confinement of 3 months, any law judge is satisfied by evidence
presented to him that prisoner has recovered and that the paroxysm of insanity in
which (he criminal act was committed was the only one he had ever experienced, he
may order his unconditional discharge. If it appears that such paroxysm of insanity
was preceded by at least one other, court may appoint a giiardian and commit pris-
oner to his care; but In case of homicide or attempted horaii'ide. prisoner m:\y not be
discharged imless. In the opinion of the suoerintendent and three-fourths of the mana-
gers of the hospital and the court before which he was tried, he has recovered and may
safely be at large."
Court, i it deems person's discharge dangerous to public peace, must notify governor,
who may cause him to be removed to the state asylum 'or inrane or other institution
for insane either within or without the state, to remain during continuance of his
insanity.
Ground of acquittal must be stated.,
Ground of acquittal must be stated .
Not guilty by reason of insanity
Court, if defendant is in custody and it deems his discharge dangerous to public peace or
iafety, may order him to be committed to the hospital for insane or to care of such per-
son or persons as court may direct, to reratdn until he becomes sane, is
Ground of acquittal must be stated.,
Virginia..
Ground of acquittal must be stated .
District court may submit question of person's insanity to a jurv. If he is found insane,
and court deems his freedom a menace to public quietude, judge must order sheriff to
commit him to State Mental Hos|jitaluntiJ he becomes sane. If person isfound sane,
he must bo discharged.
If discharro or going at larce of person is considered dangerous to commtmity, court may
order him confined in state prison or state hosnital for insane or in some other suitable
place. 1 erson confined by such an order may be discharged only bv order of county
court for county in which order was made, upon petition served upon state's attorney
for that countv.
Court must order person sent to a state asylum."
96 INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 12.— PERSONS ACQUITTED OF CRIMINAL CHARGE ON GROUND OF INSANITY— Continued.
STATE.
Verdict Procedure upon acquittal.
Ground of acquittal must be stated, toother 1 IT 'urv finds that insanity contuiues or that there is such likelihood of a recurrence as to
West Vireinin
with finding as to whether defendant's Insan-
ity continues or there is such likelihood of a re-
cmrence that he is not a safe person to be at
large.
Ground of acquittal must be stated
render acquitted person unsafe to be at large, court must order him committed to insane
ward of penitentiary until legally discharged.^^
Court, if it deems person dangerous, may order him committed to jail until he can be sent
Wisconsin"., . .
Ground of acquittal and finding as to whether
defendant is sane at time of trial must be stated.
to hospital for insane.**
If jury finds person is insane at time of trial, coiu^t must order him committed to a state
hospital for insane; otherwise he must be discharged.
NOTES TO T.VBLE 1.!.
' The only provisions relating to the acquittal of persons on tlic ground of insanity consist of ( I ) a section spocifyins; among the classfs ot patients to be conttucil in the
criminal ward of the stat« insane asylum persons acquitted of high ci-imes or misdemeanors on the ground ot insanity who are adjudged by court trying offense as dangerous
persons to be at largn, and (2) a section stating that a lunatic or msano person without lucid Intervals must not bo found guilty of any crime or misdemeanor witii which
he may be charged^ provided tlie act charged was committed in the condition of insanity.
• See provisions summarized in Table 10, which apparently relate to plea of insanity at time of trial.
> The sections summarized in this tabic were repealed in 1913 (Mar. 15) bv a law with provisions somewhat as follows:
Verdict.— When a plea of insanity Ls intcrpo.'ied as a defense, jury or conrl, if trial Is by court, must find whether accused committed act charged, and it so, whether
he was insane at time of crime and whether not guilty because oif insanity at time of crime.
Procedure upna acquiilat. —Cnurt must find as to defendant's sanity a't time of trial. If he finds that defendant b then insane or that recurrence of attacli of Insanity
is highly probable, he must order defendant, if a male, committed to Indiana Hospital for Insane (.'riminals, and if a female, to any ha^piial of state where female insane
are confined. After 6 months Irora date ot commitment persou so confined may apply for discharge in court from which committed, and discharge must be ordered if court
is convinced of recovery and that recurrence of attack Is improbable. A second or subsequent application fur discharge may not be mi\de within i years ot proviou*
application.
> The proceedings referred to are substantially as follows (sec Table 5): The ju.stioe of peace of the county must, with 2 practicing physicians, visit and ex^mvae
alleged Insane person and must summon these examiners and witnesses to appear before him at a specified time. Sworn statements by examiners and by medical attendant
of person in question, with finding of justice, must be transmitted by justice to cleric of circuit court of county, who, it person was found insane, must apply for hb admission
toihe insane asvlum.
' I'rior to 1911 there appear to have been no statutory provisions other than those summarized. The following provisions were enactsd in 1911. but the provisions
noted in tlie tai>le have not been repealed:
Vrrdkt.—Whm during trial of person on an indictment or information evidence is introduced to prove that he was insane at time of crime and person is found to have
been insane at that time and is acquitted on that ground, jury or court, as the case may lie, must so state in verdict, and In such case jury must pass specially on question
of insanity.
Procedure vpon acqulital.— Court must commit person to state asvlum for dangerous iusaue, from which he may not be liberated except upon order of court that com-
mitted him and until superintendent of asylum certifies in writing to such court that in his opinion person is wholly recovered and no person will be in danger by his
discharge.
« Practically the same provision is contained in a law of 1902, which, as amended in 1KI4, provides for the establishment of the hospital later built at Pinevillc. In (hat
provision, however, the only institution mentioned as a place to which persons acquitted on ground of insanity may tw committed is the hospitiil to which the act relatis.
' See Table 10 for procedure when a person indicted for crime or misdemeanor alleges insanity in his defense.
» According to a law which appears for the first time in the Revised Laws ot Nevada, 191J, the finding of a jury aeciuitting a person on ground of insanity has the same
force as if he were regularly adjudged insane and judge must thereupon order him confined iu the Nevada Hospital for Mental Diseases until he is regularly discharged In
accordance with law.
' Law or president judge of court of common pleas of any county has concurrent authority with judge of circuit court in his county to order removal ol any person
charged with misdemeanor and acquitted on grotuid of insanity to one of state hospitals tor Insane. (See Table 10, note 11, concerning a lawot .\pr. 27, 1911, providing for
a house of detention at the New Jersey State Hospital at Trenton.)
I" See Table 10. note 1.5, concerning discharge of inmates of Matteawan State Hospital.
n The Compiled Laws of 1909 also contains a provision to the effect that court may order a person acquitted because of insanity to be committed to care of sheriff untn
he becomes sane.
■2 See Table 10, note 18. The provlsioas for the hospitals referred to also contain sections forbidding commitment to cither hosnltalof persons who have lieen acquitted
of charge of homicide, arson, rape, robtiery or burglary, or of attempt to commit any of these offenses, or of persons sa charged but not proceeded against as criminals
because ot insanity, unless, in the case of the Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, the court is satisfied that there is reason lo believe that such person may be speedily
cured hy sending him to the hospital or, in the case of the Western Pennsylvania Hospital, the jury finds by its verdict that there is reason for .such belief.
" The provisions summarized in the table are those of a law of Apr. 20, 1869, as amended by a law of Mar. 19, 1903. The following provisions regarding procedure upon
acquittal are contained in a Jaw of Mar. 31, I860, and have never been repealed:
Court may order person kept in strict custody in place and manner deemed advisable by court, as long as his insanity continues. If relatives or friends of any such
person, or guardians, overseers, or supervisors of any county, township, or place give security satisfactory to courts that such person will be restrained from the commission
of any ofleme, court may order him discharged to their custody.
The provisions (from a lawof 1874) which aresummarized in Table 14, page 101, for "Persons imprisoned after conviction of any crime"apply alsoto persons acquitted on
account of insanity, except that court or judge to act in such cases is court having immediate cognizance of crime with which prisoner is charged, or any law judge of such
According to a law of 1911, as amended in 1913, court tiTing case may release from custody on parole any person charged with crime and acquitted on ground ot insanity,
and may prescribe such conditions of release as it may deem proper.
» See Table 10, note 19, regardiug law of Aug. IS, 1910.
'* The provisions summarized in Table 10 may apply to persons acquitted of criminal charge on .ground of insanity.
'•According to a law of 1911 persoas acquitted of criminal charge on ground of insanity, if considered dangerous by court, must Ije committed to the hospital for in.sane.
" See also Table 10.
B A law ot 1909 provided that no person should be acouitted of crime because of insanity, and that it in judgment of court a person convicted of crime was msane at
lime act was committed, coiirt should proceed in manner shown in Table 10 for persons believed to be insane at time of conviction or sentence. This law was declared
unconstitutional in September, 1910, and the laws of 1907, as summarized in the table, are now in force.
» When any person so committed claims to have become sane and free from danger ol a relapse, he must apply to physician in charge of criminal Insane for an exam-
ination ot his mental condition, and if physician certifies to superintendent that there is reasonable cause to believe that person has become sane and is a safe pei-son to be
at large, superintendent must permit person lo present to court that committed him a pelitiou containing a statement to that effect and asking for his discharge. The
petition must be sen-ed upon prosecuting attorney of county, whose duty it is to resist the application, and isMie must be tried before a jury. If jury finds person has
recovered as specified he must be discharged; otherwise his petition must be dismissed and he must be remitted to custody. Either party may appeal to supreme court
from decision of jury as in other cases. Should such person again become insane after his discharge, prosecuting attorney of county may file petition .setting forth I he fact.
The case must then be tried before a jury, but burden of proof lies with state: appeal may be made by either party lo supreme court, as in other cases. The prosecuting
attorney of any county in which a person may have been acquitted of a crime because o( insanity may cause any such person who is not in custody to be brought before
superior court of that county for trial as to question of his sanity by filing petition in name of state. Either party may appeal to supreme court as in other cases.
» See also Table 10.
■■' The provisions summarized in the table were amended in 1911 and 1913 so as to be substantially as follows:
Verdict. — Notguiltv because insane.
Procedure upon acquiltnl.—CmiTl must order person committed to hospital for criminal insane, to be detained and treated until legally discharged. A reexamination
may be had as in thecaseof other patients, but no person so committed may be released unless magistrate or jury charged withduty of passing upon his sanity, in addition
to finding him sane also finds that he is not likely to have such a recurrence of insanity as would result in acts which, but for insanity, would constitute crimes.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
97
PERSONS WHO ESCAPE INDICTMENT.
The method of disposition of persons who have
escaped indictment by reason of insanity, where any
specific provision is made, is usually the same as for
persons acquitted on the groimd of insanity, as is
shown by the following table:
Table 13.— PERSONS WHO ESCAPE INDICTMENT BY REASON OF INSANITY.
Procedure.
Procedure.
Alabama
Louisiana
Maine
Maryland
Massachusetts
Michigan
Mississippi
New Hampshire .
(Procedure same as for persons acquitted.)
whenever grand jury, after making inquiry as to commission
ofany crime or misdemeanor, ornits to find a bill (because of
insanity of accused), such jury must so certify to court.
(Subsequent procedure same as for persons acquitted.)
When grand jury omits to find an indictment against any
person arrested to answer for an offense, by reason of his
msanity, such jury must so certify to court when it returns
verdict' (Subsequent procedure same as for persons
acquitted.)
(See Table 10, third group of persons noted for Maryland.)
If grand jury does not indict a person held in custody on a
charge of crime, by reason of his insanity, such jury must so
certify to court. [Subsequent procedure same as for persons
acquitted. (See Table 12, first sentence under " Procedure
upon acquittal.")]
AVhen person held in prison on a charge of having committed
an indictable ollense is not indicted by grand jury, by reason
of insanity, such jury must so certify to court. (Subse-
quent procedure same as for persons acquitted.)
When a person is held in prison or on bail charged with an
offense and grand jury does not find a true bill, by reason of
insanity of accused, grand jury must so certify to circuit
court and state whether condition of person is such as to
endanger security of persons or property and peace and
safety of community. If grand jury reports such unsound-
ness of mind and such danger, court must notify chancellor
or clerk of chancery court, whose duty it is to proceed ac-
cording to law relating to persons of unsound mind.
■WTiengrand jury omits to find an indictment against a person
for the reason of his insanity or mental derangement, such
jury must so certify to court. (Subsequent procedure
same as for persons acquitted.)
New Jersey
North Carolina,
Ohio
Pennsylvania..
Utah....
Vermont
Virginia.
West Virginia.
(Procedure same as for persons acquitted.)
(Procedure same as for persons acquitted.)
(See Table 10. second group of persons noted for Ohio.)
When person charged with offense is brought before court to
be discharged for want of prosecution and by oath of one or
more crediblepersons appears to be insane, court must order
district attorney to send before grand jury a written allega-
tion of such insanity in the nature of a bill of indictment. If
accused is found insane, court must, after giving notice to
next of Idn of such person, order jury impaneled to try ques-
tion of insanity. If such jury finds person insane, proceed-
ings may be had as in case of a person found insane upon
arraignment.
(Procedure same as for persons acquitted.)
When person held in prison on a charge of having committed
an offense is not indicted by grand jury, bv reason of in-
sanity, grand jury must so certify to court." (Subsequent
procedure same as for persons acquitted. )
Wnen person in jail on charge of having committed a crimi-
nal offense appears, from a certificate of a grand jury or
otherwise, tosatisfactionofcourt in which he is held, to have
been insane at time of commission of act, and continues to
be insane, courtmay orderhim tobesentto one of the state
insane asylums or to be delivered to his friends.
When person in jail on charge of having committed an indict-
able offense is not indicted by reason of insanity at time of
commission of act, grand jury must so certify to court.
Court may order him to be sent to hospital for insane or to
be discharged.
SENTENCED PRISONERS.
The procedure prescribed by law for the treatment
of prisoners serving time or sentenced to serve tune
who become or appear insane is shown in Table 14.
As will be seen by reference to Table 4, six states
have separate hospitals for the criminal insane. In a
number of other states there are departments for the
criminal insane either in connection with the state
prison or penitentiary, as in Iowa, or in connection
with a state hospital, as in Maine and New Jersey.
The insane who are kept in prisons are not included in
the statistics given in this report.
Wlien a prisoner is transferred to a hospital for the
insane or to a special w^ard or department for the in-
sane, it is customary to deduct the time spent there
from his sentence, although this is not expressly stated
in the laws of all the states.
Table 14.— PRISONERS SERVING TIME OR SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME W^O BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE.
[For notes to this table, see pp. 102 and 103.]
Alabama.
Arizona.
Arkansas.
California..
Colorado .
Persons sentenced to or imprisoned in
penitentiary or sentenced to or con-
finftd at hard labor for coimty.
Prisoners in state prison..
Persons convicted of misdemeanor con-
fined in county jail.
Convicts in state penitentiary or reform
school.
Convicts in stat« prisons .
Convicts in prison..
Physician in charge of penitentiary or convicts must report
to governor, who appoints 3 persons, including the phy-
sician, to examine convict and report result to governor.
If convit. t is declared insane, governor must direct proper
officers to arrangeforadmission of convict to state hospital.
Prison physician must, after examination, report to superin-
tendent of prison, who must communicate with nearest
local authority of competent jurisdiction. Such authority
must cause an examination to be held as prescribed by law
for persons alleged to be insane. If prisoner is found in-
sane, officer conducting examination must commit him to
care of superintendent of prison for immediate transfer
to asylum for insane. Person in charge of asvlum must
rejjort condition of prisoner quarterly to superintendent of
prison.
Sheriff must notify county physician immediately, who
must examine prisoner. If physician believes the prisoner
insane, an examination into his sanity must be held as pre-
scribed by law. If prisoner is found insane, he must be
committed to the insane asylum.
Penitentiary' physirian, if he ascertains that a convict is in-
sane, must notify superintendent of penitentiary, who
with consent of penitentiary board must transfer ionvirt
to State Hospital for Nerv'ous Diseases.
Warden and other officers designated by directors to act in
such cases must make examination: and if they are con-
vinced of convict's insanity warden must certify fact to
superintendent of a state asvlum for insane and mustsend
convict to such asylum to be kept until cured. i Warden
must send copy of'cerlificate to directors of prison.
In casoof convict in penitentiary-, commissioners or warden
of penitent iarv must report to governor, who may appoint
commission of 3 practicing physicians to examuie prisoner
and report to governor. If from such report governor be-
lieves prisoner is insane and can not well be t^ken care of
in penitentiary, he must order prisoner transferred to an
insane asylum.
Superintendent of hospital must notify
proper officers, who must remove patient
immediatelv.
When so far recovered as to be able to con-
tinue service in prison without further
risk, patient must be returned to serve
any unexpired time, period in insane
asylum being counted as though served
in prison. If sentenceexpireswhilepris-
oner is in asylum, superintendent of
prison must forward him his legaJ dis-
charge from prison.
Supermlendent of hospital must notify
superintendentof penitentiary' who must
take convict back into penitentiary.
Time spent in hospital must be credited
as time served under his sentence to
penitentiary.
Superintendent of asylum must notify di-
rectors of prison and warden; the latter
must send for convict and receive him
back into prison. Time spent at asylum
counts as part of convict's sentence.
In case of convict from penitentiary or re-
formatory, after examination has been
made as m other cases of lunacy inquests,
superintendent of asylum must notify
warden of institution in which patient
was formerly confined, who must transfer
him to such place to serve out any unex-
pired term of his sentence.
27622°— 14-
98
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 14,— PRISONERS SERVING TIME OR SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE— Contd.
(For notes to this table, see pp. 102 and 103.]
Connecticut.
Delaware *
District of Columbia
Class of persons.
Male convicts in state prison .
Female convicts in state prison.
Inmates of state reformatory ».
Prisoners in common jails.
Procedure when indications of insanity are noted.
Prison physician must notify warden, who must remove
convict io insane ward of prison. If convict is insane at
time of discharge, agent of Connecticut Prison Association
must receive him and turn him over to authorities liable
for his care; if none are found, he must be cared for at state
expense under direction of association.
Upon receipt of report from prison physician and consulting
physician • of prison, warden must notify governor, who
must order warden or any proper ofTicer to take prisoner
and deliver her to superintendent of a state hospital
for insane. If patient is insane at expiration of term,
superintendent must notify governor, who may order her
further detention until recovery.
Physician of reformatory must notify superintendent of re-
formatory, who must report to governor. Governor must
order s uperintendent of reformatory or any proper officer
to take person and deliver hlm'to superintendent of
a state hospital for insane. It patient is insane at ex-
piration of term, superintendent must notify governor,
who may order his further detention until recovery.
Jailer must notify governor, who must appoint commission
of not more than i experts to examine prisoner and report
to governor. If commission finds prisoner insane and
governor approves its report, he must order jailer or any
proper oflieer to transfer person to a state hospital for
insane. If patient is insane at expiration of term, super-
intendent mustnotifygovemor,who may order his further
coDJBLnement until recovery,
Procedure upon recovery.
Consulting physician of prison nrust notify
warden, who must remove prisoner to
ordinary prison wards.
If patient recovers before expiration of sen-
tence, superintendent of hospital must
notify governor, who must order warden
or any proper officer to deliver person to
proper authorities of prison. If patient
recovers after expiration of sentence, she
is discharged by superintendent of hos-
pital.
If patient recovers before expiration of sen-
tence, superintendent of hospital must
notify governor, who must order superin-
tendent of reformatory or any proper
officer to deliver pert^on to i>roper au-
thorities of reformatory. Tf p;\tient re-
covers after expiration of sentence, he is
disehargedby superintendent of hospital.
If, before expiration of term, superintend-
ent of hospital beUeves patient has re-
covered, he must notify governor, who
must appoint commission of not more
than 3 experts to examine prisoner and
report to governor. If prisoner is re-
ported no longer insane and governor
approves report, he must order jailer or
any proper ollicer to transfer person from
hospital to jail. If patient recovers after
expiration of sentence, he is discharged
by superintendent of hospital.
Florida.
Georgia^
Idaho 6..
nUnois..
Persons undergoing sentence of any
court of the District of Coltmibia for
crime.
Convicts in state prison
Convicts sentenced to penitentiary..
Prisoner may be committed to Government Hospital for In-
sane by order of Secretary of Interior.
Prison physician must order removal to prison hospital when
he believes it would not be detrimental to other inmates of
prison.
Convict must be removed to prison farm and kept there dur-
ing term lor which sentenced, or until cured.
When prisoner sent to hospital recovers,
superintendent of hospital must notify
justice holding criminal court, and de-
hver prisoner to court according to its
proper precept.
(')
Indiana.
Convicts in penitentiaries.
Convicts in reformatory or state prison
(males).
Iowa.
Kansas.
Louisiana ">.
Women committed to women's prison
and girls committed to Indiana Girls'
School.
Convicts in penitentiary or reformatory .
Persons convicted of misdemeanor and
sentenced to i mprisonment in jail.
Convicts in penitentiary s.
Convicts serving sentence in state peni-
tentiary
Warden or other oflieer in charge of pententiary , upon receiv-
ing certification of insanity by physician of institution,
must examine convict, and if convinced of his insanity,
must have him transferred to asylum for insane criminals
(atChester)toremainuntille'^allydischarge.d. If insanity
fontinnes after expiration of sentence, convict must be
kept in asylum imtil adjudged by medical sni^erintendent
of asylum and board of commissioners of penitentiary a fit
subject to be discharged: he may be delivered to relatives
or friends who give security for his good beha\ior and main-
tenance.
Upon notification by physician of institution, chief executive
officer of institution, if convinced of insanity, must report
to governor, who must direct chief officer to convene a
lunacy commission (composed of 2 physicians and a justice
of the peace) to examine into mental condition of prisoner
and report to chief officer, h3\ing first notified the next
friend or nearest relative of con\ict and secretary of State
Board of Charities. The chief offiicer of institution must
transmit report of commission to governor, who, if con-
\incedofcoavict'sin3amty. must orderchief officer to trans-
fer him to Indiana Hospital for Insane Criminals. Convict
must be detained at hospital while insanity continues.
Person must be transferred to asylum for insane in manner
prescribed for commitment of other insane persons.^
Governor, upon receipt of certificate from physician of insti-
tution, must order convict transferred to department for
insane at Anamosa, to remain until expiration of sentence
or recovery. Upon expiration of sentence, an examination
must be made by competent physicians, and if convict is
found not to have recovered , governor must be notified.
The governor, after investigation, may order transfer of
prisoner to one of hospitals for insane or may order his re-
tention in (he department for criminal insane.
Investigation as to sanity must be held by commissioners of
insanity. If prisoner is found insane, he must be com-
mitted to deimrtment for criminal insane at Anamosa.
Wardenofpenitentiarymustnotifythephysician.who, if he
deems statement of insanity true must, with assistance of
2 nearest residentphysiciaris,examine into facts. If they
deem person insane, they must so certify to warden, who
must cause person to be confined in insane ward of peni-
tentiary; or,ifboardofdirectorsof penitentiary 3 consents,
he may cause convict to be sent to asylum for insane tore-
main until his recovery.
Board of control of state penitentiary ii must present petition
to district court where penitentiary is located , stating fact
of insanity and asking for interdiction and transfer of con-
vict to asylum for insane. Judge receiving petition must
hear and determine question of insanity, and if satisfied
from evidence that convict has become insane during im-
prisonment, must order his removal to asylum for insane.
When medical superintendent of asylum,
certifies to recovery, con\ict must be
transferred to penitentiary from which
he came. (Apparently relates to re-
covery before expiration of sentence. For
procedure after expiration of sentence,
see preceding colunm.)
If recovery occurs before expiration of sen-
tence or maximum limit of indeterminate
sentence, warden and physician in charge
of state prison must notify governor, who
if convinced of recovery of prisoner, must
order him transferred to penal institu-
tion from which he was removed. Time
spent in asylum must be credited on sen-
teme. If recovery occurs after expiration
of sentence or of its maximum limit,
warden and physician of state prison
must notify governor, who, if convinced
of recovery of prisoner, must order his
discharge by warden.
If recovery occurs before expiration of sen-
tence, convict must be held at Anamosa
to serve out unexpired sentence.
Person in charge of department for crim-
inal insane must notify sheriff and county
attorney of proper county. Sheriff must
receive and hold prisoner until he is
legally discharged by district court or
judge.
If convict sent to asylum for insane recovers
before ex[)iration of sentence, superin-
tendent must notify warden, who must
immediately take convict into his charge.
Convict must be returned to penitentiary
to serveoutunexpired portion of sentence,
expired portion being reckoned from time
when sentence began in penitentiary.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
99
Table 14,— PRISONERS SERVING TIME OR SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE— Contd.
[For uotes to this table, see pp. 102 and 103.]
Class of persons.
Procedure when indications of insanity are noted.
Procedure upon recovery.
Maine.
Maryland I «.,
Massacbusett.-^
Michigan " .
Convicts in state prison .
Convicts in county jails.
Convicts in penitentiary,.
Prisoners in state prison, Massachu-
setts Reformatory, Reformatory Prison
for Women, or prison camp or hospital
in Rutland.
Prisoners under sentence in other pris-
ons (including jails and houses of cor-
rection.)
Inmates of stale prison, state house of
correction, Michigan Reformatory,
or Detroit House of Correction.
Convicts in county jails.
Inmates of Industrial School for Boy;
and State Industrial Home for Oirls.
When warden believes a convict has becomeinsane, he must
notify prison physician, who must investigate, and if he
findscoiivict insane must certify fact to warden. Warden
must then apply to judge of municipal court for city of
Rockland for an inquiry, who must appoint time and
place for hearing, following pmctically the same procedure
as for commitment of an insane person not a convict, ex- ;
cept that judge is required in addition to appoint guardian
ad litem and mayalsoappointcounsel for convict. If upon
evidenceathearingjudgedetermines that convict is insane
and that his comfort and safety or that of others will
thereby be promote!, he must commit him to building
fur criminal insane at Augusta Hospital for Insane to re-
main until ho recovers or is discharged by law.'s
When keeper believes a convict has become insane, he must
notify physician appointed by the governor to act as exam-
iner of insane convicts in county jail,i>* who must investi-
gate, and if he finds convict insane, must certify fact to
keeper. Keeper must then apply for an inquirvtojudgeof
nearest municipal court in county or, if there is none, to a
judge of the supreme judicial court, who must follow the
procedure indicated above for convicts in state prison , ex-
cept that commitment may be made to either of the state
hospitals. '2
Whenever board of directors deems it necessary they may
summon the Lunacy Commission to examine into mental
condition of convict. If convict is adjudged insane by
commission or a majority of its members, and his removal is
deemed advisable, commission must make cumplaint to
judge of criminal court of Baltimore, who is empowered to
order removal of convict to someinsane asylum within
state.
Warden or superintendent must notify one or both of the
experts in insanity designated by State Board of Insanity
to examine prisoners in these institutions who are alleged
to be insane. Such expert or experts must, with physician
of prison, examine prisoner anil report result to superior
courtly of county in which prison is situated. If upon
such report court believes prisoner insane and his removal
expedient, it must issue warrant to warden or superin-
tendent authorizing him to cause removal of prisoner, if a
male, to Bridgewater State Hospital and, if a female, to
one of the other state hospitals for insane. When super-
intendentand tnisteesof hospital determine that prisoner
should be returned to prison, they must so certify upon
the warrant; and notice, with statement as to mental
condition of prisoner, must be given to warden or superin-
tendent of prison, who must thereupon cause prisoner to
be reconveyed to prison to remain pursuant to original
sentence. Time of detention or confinement in hospital is
computed as part of term of imprisonment.
Attendingphysi^Manmust make a report as to appearance of
insanity to jailer or master, who must transmit it to a judge
authorized to commit insane persons to hospitals. '^ If
judge, after certificate of insanity by 2 legally qualified phy-
sicians is filed with him, finds that prisoner is insane and
his removal expedient, he must order removal of prisoner
to a state hospital for insane. A male prisoner thus re-
moved must be sent by judge to Bridgewater State Hos-
pital, or any of the other state hospitals for insane If in
opimon of judge, he has not been criminal or virions in his
life. A female prisoner removed on acrount of insanitv is
sent to one of the state hospitals other than that at Bridge-
water.
Whenever physician ofinstitution certifies to officerin charge
that an inmate is insane, such officer must immediately
make an examination and, if satisfied that he is Insane,
must cause him to be transferred to State Asylum at Ionia
(now Ionia State Hospital). If insanity continues after
expiration of sentence, medical superintendent of asylum
must within 5 days after expiration of sentence apply to
judge of probate of county in which Institution is situ-
ated for an order to retain patient in asylum until his recov-
ery, giving notice of such application to one or more friends
or" relatives of patient, if their address is known, and to
county clerk of county from which convict was sent.
Judge must notify alleged insane person and prosecuting
attorney of his county, fixin'^ time and place for hearing
and must call 2 legally qualified physicians and in his dis-
cretion other credible witnesses. Prosecuting attorney
must attend hearing and act in behalf of state. If judge
certifies that evidence shows person to be insane, he must
direct his retention in asylum until his recovery. Any
convict whose sentence has expired and who is still insane
may be deUvered to relatives or friends who will give
surety approved by governing board for his maintenance
and good behavior "without further public charge.
If it appears to circuit court for county that convict is in-
sane, such court may direct that convict be deliverc*! to
superintendents of poor of the county, who must immedi-
ately take measures for safe-keeping of such person in
mariner provided by law.
Whenever superintendent ofinstitution certifies to probate
courtof county in which home is situated that he believes
inmate has become insane, court must investigate question
of insanity, causing inmate to be personally examined by 2
legally qualified phvsicians appointed by court and in its
discretion calling other credible witnesses. If inmate is
adjudged insane, court must order his admission to asylum
of district in which institution is. situated.
If recovery occurs before expiration of sen-
tence, convict must be returned to prison
to remain until time when term of im-
prisonment would have expired if he had
remained there continuously.
If recovery occurs before expiration of sen-
tence, convict must be returned to jail to
remain until lime when term of imprison-
ment would have expired if he had r»-
malned there continuously
(See preceding column.)
If prisoner removed to state hospitalis, In
opinion of trustees and superintendent
of hospital, rcstoreii to sanity, he must
immeoiately be returned to prison or
house of correction from which he was re-
moved , to remain pursuant to original sen-
tence, ti me of detention or confinement in
hospital being computed as part of term
of imprisonment.
Upon certification of medical superintend-
ent of asylum as to patient's recovery, he
must be" transferred to institution from
which he came.
Medical superintendent of asylum must re-
port patient's recovery to superintendent
of school or home, who is required to send
immediately for inmate.
100
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 14.— PRISONERS SERVING TIME OR SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE-Contd.
(For notes to this table, see pp. 102 and 103.1
STATE.
Class of persona.
Procedure when indications of insanity are noted.
Procedure upon recovery.
Minnesota i^.
Hissoori..
Montana..
Nebraska. .
Nevada
New Hampshire.
New Jer^yw
New Mexico.
New York. . .
Persons confined in state prison or any
other penal institution in the state.
Persons convicted of crime or misde-
meanor.
Convicts in state prison
Convicts in x>enitentiary
Persons sentenced for crime
Convicts in state prison
Convicts in state prison
Persons confined in jail or in house of
correction.
Convicts in state prison
Convicts
Males sentenced for a felony.
Males undergoing sentence of 1 year or
less or convicted of a misdemeanor, and
all female convicts.
North CaroUna . .
North Dakota...
Ohio=
Oklahoma
Oregon »
Convicts in state prison.
Persons confined in penitentiary or re-
form school.
Persons confined in penitentiary or re-
formatory.
Convicts
Convicts in state prison..
Warden or other person in charge must notify State Board of
Control, which must cause prisoner to be examined by pro-
bfte court of county where he is confined. If prisoner is
fovnd insane, he must be transferred by order of the court
to state asylum for dangerous insane (connected with
St. Peter State Hospital).
If person becomes insane before execution in whole or in part
of sentence, governor must investigate and may pardon
convicted person or commute or suspend execution of sen-
tence; he may by warrant to sheriff of proper county or
warden of state penitentiary order removal to state hospi-
tal.
Warden must notify Board of State Prison Commissioners,
which may order removal of prisoner to insane asylum.
Physician must notify governor, who must cause an exami-
nation to be made by penitentiary medical board and.iUt
finds convict insane, may order removal of prisoner to a
hospital for insane.
If person becomes insane before execution of sentence, execu-
tion must be stayed until his recovery. Court must im-
panel jury to determine question of insanity of person at
time of impaneling.
Court must appoint commission of lunacy as in other cases of
insanity. If prisoner is found insane, warden must transfer
him to state insane asylum.
Governor and coimcil or suprec.e court may transfer any
prisoner who is insane to asylum for insane.
Supreme court may order person committed to asylum
Judge of circuit court of county in which prison is situated
must, when informed of the fact by physician of prison,
institute an inquiry, calling 2 physicians and other wit-
nesses if necessary, and inviting the attorney general to aid
in examination, and , if he deems it necessary , calling a jury.
If prisoner is found insane, judge must order him removed
to state hospital for insane.^o
Convict must be received into the asylum
Warden or superintendent, when notified by physician of
institution, must cause prisoner to be removed to Danne-
mora State Hospital. If when term of sentence of convict
has expired the medical superintendent thinks con\ict is
still insane, he must apply to a judge of a court of record to
cause an examination of convict to be made by 2 legally
quahfied examiners in lunacy. If convict is found insane,
superintendent must apply to a court of record for an order
authorizing him to retain the convict. Any convict in the
Dannemora State Hospital whose term of imprisonment
has expired may, upon order of State Commission in Lu-
nacy ,=i be transferred to any institution for the insane.
Medical superintendent may discharge and deliver any
patient whose sentence has expired and who is still insane
to his relatives or friends.
Warden or other ofilcer in charge must, when notified by
physician of institution, apply to a judge of a court of record
to cause an examination of prisoner to be made by 2 legally
qualified examiners in lunacy. If prisoner is found insane,
warden or other officer in charee mast apply to a judge of
a court of record for an order transferring prisoner to Matte-
awan State Hospital. When term of sentence of prisoner
has expired and he is still insane, he may be retainea in the
hospital until his recovery or until he is otherwise legally
discharged ; but medical superintendent may discharge and
dehver any such patient to his relatives or friends. Any
prisoner in Matteawan State Hospital whose term of im-
prisonment has expired may . upon order of State Commis-
sion in Lunacy ,21 be transferred to any institution for in-
sane.
Convict must be admitted to the hospital for dangerous in-
sane. In case of the expiration of the sentence of any con-
vict insane person while he is in hospital for insane, he must
be kept until his recovery or until he is considered harmless
and incurable.
Governor, when notified by the chief ofljcer and the board of
trustees of the institution, must inquire into case and, if he
determines that person is insane, must order him trans-
ferred to state hospital for insane.
Chief officer, when notified by physician of institution, must
apply to probate court of county in which institution is
located for an examination of convict by 2 legally qualified
physicians to be designated by court. If convict is found
insane, chief officer must apply to the court for an order
transferring convict to Lima State Hospital.
Ckjnvict must be received into the hospital for insane
Governor, when notified by physician of prison, must
summon 1 or more physicians of state insane asylum to
examine into question'of insanity. If convict is found in-
sane, governor may order him transferred to state insane
asylum. Governor may at any time order convict trans-
ferred back to state prison.
If sanity is restored before expiration of sen-
tence, patient must be removed by State
Board of Control, upon certificate of su-
Sertntendent, to institution from which
ecame.
If sentence was suspended, it must be exe-
cuted after expiration of suspension. In
case of convict in penitentiary sent to a
state hospital after serving two-thirds of
his sentence who recovers his sanity, gov-
ernor, when notified by superintendentof
hospital, must remit remainder of sen-
tence.
If sanity is restored before expiration of sen-
tence, asylum authorities must notify
Board of State Prison Commissioners and
warden must have prisoner returned to
prison.
Superintendent of hospital must notify gov-
ernor, who must cause convict to be re-
turned to penitentiary to serve unexpired
term of sentence (time spent in hospital
having been deducted from sentence).
(See preceding column.)
If sanity is restored before expiration of
sentence, superintendent of state insane
asylum must deliver prisoner to warden
of state prison.
If sanity is restored before expiration of
sentence, chief officer of hospital must
notify judge and attorney general. Judge
must remand patient to prison to serve
out unexpired portion of his sen-
tence. 20
If sanity is restored before expiration of
sentence, convict must be returned to
penitentiary.
If sanity is restored before expiration of
sentence, medical superintendent must
notify warden or superintendent of Insti-
tution from which convict was received
or to which superintendent of state prisons
may direct tnat he be transferred, and
must cause his removal to such place to
serve out unexpired portion of his sen-
tence. "SMionever any con\ict who has
been retained beyond expiration of his
sentence recovers', he may be discharged
by medical superintendent.
If sanity is restored before expiration of
sentence, medical superintendent must
notify warden or other officer in charge
of institution from which prisoner was
received or to which superintendent of
state prisons may direct that he be trans-
ferred, if prisoner was received from stat«
prLson, and must cause his removal to
such place to serve out unexpired portion
of his sentence. Whenever any prisoner
who has been retained beyond expiration
of his sentence recovers, he may be dis-
charged by medical superintendent.
(See preceding column.)
Superintendent of hospital must notify
warden or superintendent who, if term
of sentence of patient has not expired,
must have him returned to institution
from which he was sent. If terra of sen-
tence has expired, chief officer of institu-
tion from which he was sent may direct
that he be discharged.
If sanity is restored before expiration of
sentence, convict must be transferred to
penitentiary or reformatory from which
he came.
If sanity is restored before expiration ol
sentence, convict must be returned to
state penitentiary.
(See preceding column.)
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
101
Table 14=.— PRISONERS SERVING TIME OR SENTENCED TO SERVE TIME WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE— Contd.
[For notes to this table, see pp. 102 and 103.1
Class of persons.
Procedure when indications of insanity are noted.
Procedure upon recovery.
Pennsylvania 2*..
Rhode Island 26..
South Dakota .
Texas.
Utah.
Vermont .
Virginia •»
Washington w .
West Virginia « .
Wisconsin .
Wyoming.
Persons confined in any jail or prison..
Persons imprisoned after conviction of
any crime.
Persons confined in the common jails of
Armstroiif^, Allegheny, Beaver, But-
ler, Cambria, Clarion, Clearfield,
Crawford, Erie, Elk, Forest, Fayette,
Greene, Indiana, Jeuerson, Lavrrence,
Mercer, McKean, Somerset, Venango,
Washington, Warren, Westmoreland,
and Potter Counties by sentence or
order of any court, who are not under
sentence of death.
Persons couvloted of crime and impris-
oned in state prison or county jail.
Convicts in penitentiary..
Couvicts in penitentiary.
Persons confined in state prison or a
county jail.
Persons confined in state prison, house
of correction, or a county jaii for a
specified time.'s
Convicts in penitentiary..
Convicts in penitentiary .
Convicts in penitentiary who become
hopelessly msane.
Prisoners in state prison, reformatory,
county jails, or in Milwaukee House of
Correction.
Persons held under the sentence or jude;-
ment of any court or justice of peace.
Law judge of court imder whose order person is confined
must, upon application, direct an inquiry into the circum-
stances, notifying v ommittee on Lunacj^ and, if satisfied
that person needs treatment in a hospital, must direct
his removal to a state hospital. The trustees and physician
of the hospital may not discharge or remove convict with-
out an order of a court of competent jurisdiction, and in
case he is to be removed to a place of custody other than a
hospital, the ( ommittee on Lxmacy must be notified and
time given them to investigate the case.
Application may be made by the warden, superintendent,
physician, or any inspector ofthe penitentiary or jjrison in
which person is confined, or by the general agent of the
Board of I'ublic < harities to court of county in which
prisoner was convicted, or any law judge thereof, to have
person removed to a hospital for insane. The court or law
judge may then appoint 3 citizens of the state to inquire
into question of insanity, and, if prisoner is found of un-
sound mind and unfit forpenal discipline, judge may order
removal of prisoner to a state hospital. If sentence of
prisoner expires while he is in hospital, judge or coiu-t that
made the order of removal may, if relatives or friends of
patient apply giving security for his custody and care,
order transfer of patient to care of person making appli-
cation.
Commissioners of county, with approval of court by which
person was sentenced or one of the judges thereof, may send
prisoner to Western I'ennsylvania Hospital, provided
principal physician of insane department of the hospital
deems such prisoner insane and a fit subject for treatment
in the hospital. (In July, 1907, the name of the insane de-
partment of this hospital was changed to Dixmont
Hospital.)
On petition of the Board of State Charities and Corrections
in the case of a prisoner in state prison or in Providence
Coimty jail, or of the clerk of the superior comt for any of
the other counties in the case of a person in the jail of his
county, stating that person is insane or in such a state of
impairment of body or mind as tends directly to insanity
or to permanent uicapacity for mental or physical labor,
any justice of supreme court may order such examination
of person as he deems proper and, if satisfied of truth of
petition, may order removal of prisoner to the state asylum
for insane, the state almshouse, or the Butler Hospital. ^e
Governor, when notified by warden and State Board of
Charities and Corrections may inquire into case and, if he
determines that person is insane, may order him trans-
ferred to state hospital for insane.
If coimty judge of county in which penitentiary is located
receives aflidavit that convict confined in state peniten-
tiary is insane and believes such information true, he must
fix a day for hearing, and order sheriff to summon jury of
6 persons. If such aflidavit is filed before any justice of
peace he returns it to county judge. Upon verdict that
convict is insane, he must be so pronounced and com-
mitted to insane asvlum.s^
Upon receiving complaint made imder oath, district court
raay submit question of person's insanity to a jurv. If
person is found insane, judue must order sheriff to commit
him to State Mental Hospital.
Person may be removed to state hospital for insane only
upon order of governor, based upon such expert examina-
tion as to insanity as governor directs. In case prisoner
remains insane at end of sentence, if he was not sent to
hospital, he may be sent there; and if already there, he
may remain.
Superintendent of penitentiary must report to governor,
who must order convict brought before circuit court of
city of Richmond for inquiry into hissanity. If jury finds
convict insane, hemust be transferred to an insaneasylum.
When superintendent and such other officers as may be
designated by State Board of Control to act with him in
such cases believe any convict insane, they must make
proper examination and if they still believe convict insane,
superintendent must send him to a state insane asylum.
If at expiration of sentence convict is still in asylum, he
must be allowed to stay there until discharged cured.
Warden must notify a justice of Marshall County, who must
inquire into iu-sanity of convict and, if satisfieu that he is
insane and ought to be confined In a hospital, must order
him committed to hospital for insane, unless some person
will give bond to re^itrain and take proper care of insane
person until the cause ceases or he is delivered to the
sheriff of the county to be proceeded with according to
law.
Board of Control, acting as a commission in lunacy, may
adjudge prisoner insane and may, with approval of gov-
ernor, remove him to a state hospital for insane.=2
Anyone having; person in charge must, and any citizen of the
state may, make complaint, and question of insanity must
be inquired into by a jury in accordance with procedure
nrescribe<l for other cases. If foimd insane, person must
be taken to such place for treatment as is provided or
prescribed by State Board of Charities and Reform either
generally or for that particular case.
(See preceding column.;
If before expiration of sentence superin-
tendent or other proper medical author-
ity of the hospital certifies to judge or
court that ordered transfer that patient
has so far recovered as no longer to need
hospital care, judge or court may re-
mand him to place of imprisonment
from which he was sent. If such certifi-
cation is made after sentence has ex-
pired, patient may be discharged.
Upon restoration to reason or to health
both of mind and body, patient may be
removed to place of original confinement
by order of any justice of supreme court,
to serve out remainder of his sentence.
When recovery occurs before expiration of
sentence, convict must be returned to
penitentiary if governor so directed in
order of transfer.
If sanity is restored before expiration of
sentence, superintendent of hospital must
notify sheriff of county from which con-
vict was sent, who must return him to
prison to serve out remainder of sentence.
If sentence has expired, person upon
recovery must be discharged.
If sanity is restored before expiration of
sentence, patient must, upon order of
governor, be returned to institution to
which he was originally committed.
Superintendent of hospital must notify
clerk of court by whose order patient
was confined , and "clerk must cause patient
to be returned to penitentiary.
Superintendent of hospital must notify
State Board of Control and superintend-
ent of penitentiary, who must remove
patient to penitentiary, time passed at the
asylum counting as "a part of convict's
sentence.
Board of directore of hospital must notify
clerk of court by whose order patient was
confined in hospital and deliver him in
obedience to the proper precept.
If sanity is restored before expiration of
sentence, patient must be retinned to
prison from which he was taken.
Patient must be retmiied to place of im-
prisonment from which he was sent, to
serve out his sentence if any part of it
remain.*^.
102 INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
NOTES TO TABLE H.
' Before discharging any convict who may be insane at time of expiration of sentence warden of state prison must report such insanity to a judge of superior court
of county in which prison is'located, who must order sheriff to bring insane convict before court. If convinced of his insanity after having him examined by medical experts,
court must order him confined in one of the insane asylums.
- \ppointed by governor to have general oversight of insane ward of state prison.
3 The provisions summarized are from an act establishing the Connecticut Peformatory, which was not opened until after 1910.
< The only regulations on this point are contained in a section which has never been repealed providing that when any insane person is confined in jail, the levy court
may order constable to deliver such person to keeper of the almshouse, and providing further, that it sentence of any convict is respited on ground of insanity, such
convict is subject to removal to almshouse. , , ,,t ^ ^ ^ ^^ ^- ^ ■ ■ . ,j v j , ^^ ■
5 Although a law of lfl04 provided that convicts m the State Saiutarium should be rettu-ned to the Prison Commission as soon as arrangements could be made for their
care at the prison farm, the statutes still contain a provision to the effect that if sentence of a person was suspended on ground of insanity and he was conunittcd to
Georgia State Sanitarium, superintendent must notify presiding judge of court where the person was convicted of his restoration to sanity.
'The onlv provision relative to sentenced prisoners who become insane is a section stating that insane convicts must be received into the insane asylum and returned
to the state prison again as provided in the penal code. The only provisions concerning the criminal insane in the penal code, however, relate to prisoners imder sentence
of death or to persons who become insane before sentence, with the exception of a statement that a person may not be punished for a public offense while insane.
' See Table 12 note 4.
» The onlv provision relating to the reformatory in the General Statutes of 1909 is one authorizing board of managers of reformatory to transfer to the state insane
asvlum anv prisoner who becomes insane. By a law of 1913 the powers formerly vested in the board of managers of reformatory are vested in State Board of Corrections.
" An enactment of 1911 contains the following provisions, which apply to persons confined in any penal institution in the state:
Procedure wheit indicalions of insanity are nofcd.— Whenever person confined in penal institution is alleged to be insane, officer in charge of institution must, with
consent of board in charge of institution, cause person to be examined by probate court of county in which he is confined. If found insane, he must be transferred by order
of probate court to State Asylum for Dangerous Insane. In case insanity continues after expiration of sentence, prisoner must be retained in asylum until recovery.
Procedure upon recovery.'— \i before expiration of sentence superintendent of State Asylum for Dangerous Insane believes prisoner's sanity is restored , prisoner must be
removed upon certificate of superintendent to institution from which he came, to serve remainder of sentence. Time spent in asylimi is counted as part of term of sentence.
When recovery occurs after expiration of sentence, prisoner must be immediately discharged.
> By a law of 1913 the powers formerly vested in board are vested in State Board of Corrections.
" \ccordmg to an earlier act (1896), which has apparently not been repealed, warden of penitentiary, together with clerk of board of control, must present the petition.
K Provisions summarized apply also to convicts detained after expiration of sentence. A friend of any person adjudged insane and committed to building for criminal
insane at .\ugusta State Hospital, thinking such person b unreasonably detained, may apply for an inquiry to any justice of supreme judicial court, who may after due
inquiry vacate such commitment and, if original sentence has expired, discharge person in question. Application, if unsuccessful, must not be repeated within one year.
Concerning transfer of persons committed to building for criminal insane, see Table 10, note 8.
" Governor appoints one such examiner in each county. . „.,.»,.,. ■. ^. . j » ^,. ,
1* Accorduig to an enactment of 1910 the administrative board of the house of correction, as well as that of the pemtentiary, is empowered to summon the Lunacy
Commission to examine into mental condition of convicts and, in case convict is adjudged insane, complaint is to be made to the judge of either of the criminal courts of
Baltimoreor any one of the criminal courts for the several counties exercising criminal jurisdiction; and according to an enactment of 1914 the Lunacy Commission is
directed to remove all insane convicts confined now or later in the Marvland Penitentiary and the House of Correction to such state hospitals as It deems proper.
IS By an act approved Apr. 5, 1910, the district court of central Lfiddlesex also has authority to issue warrant for commitment to the proper hospital in the case of
prisoners in Massachusetts Reformatory and the first district court of southern Middlesex in the case of prisoners in Reformatory Prison for Women.
I' The latest code contains also an act of 1877, which has never been repealed, including provisions somewhat as follows;
Procedure when indications of insanity are noted. — If any person after being convicted of any offene and committed to state prison or any penal institution of the state
and before exec;ition in whole or in part of sentence of court shows symptoms of in,sanity, warden must not fy physician of institution and medical superintendent of
asylum for insane at Kalamazoo, who must Immediately examine convict and if they believe him insane must so certify to wardeo. Warden must immediately put
convict in prison department prepared for insane convicts and notify governor of insanity of convict, whose duty it is to inquire into facts. Governor may pardon convict
or commute or suspend execution and may order convict conveyed to a stale asylum for insane aod there kept until he becomes sane or his sentence expires. If patient is
insane at expiration of sentence, he must be returned to prLson. (See statement given below regarding persons who are insane at expiration of sentence.)
Procedure upon recoteru.—li convict sent to asylum recovers before expiration of sentence, he must be returned to prison to serve out unexpired term of sentence, time
of suspension being counted on time for which sentenced. When a person not removed to an asylum is c-rtified by physician of penal institution and medical superin-
tendent of asylum for ins.ane at Kalamazoo to be sane or so far recovered that it may be considered safe to put him at labor, warden of penal institution must again put
him at hard labor according to his sentence. ,,..,. . » j . . . %. j •.. j . .,. t.. . . i » t • , -r ■
According to provisions enacted in 1903, all persons adjudged insane after havmg been convicted of crane must be admitted to the State Asylum at loma (now Ionia
.\n unrepealed act of 1877 relative to persons who are insane at expiration of sentence at any penal institution of the state or Detroit House of Correction contains
nro\Tsions which are somewhat as follows: , ^ . _i-c j . t ■ v v ■ ■ . ,-.■»..,
Before discharging from any penal institution of the state any convict who at expiration of sentence is certified to be insane by physician of penal institution, if no
relative or friend takes charge of him, warden or other superintending officer must report his condition to county clerk of county from which convict was sent and to one
or more of his relatives or friends it kno«-n, and also to probate judge of county in which penal institution is located. Within 20 days of receipt of notice, judge must issue
in behaU of state. If after investigation, with or without a jury,, _ , , . • j ^ _, .u . , ,. ■ . j. ..-■ ■ , „
take charge of him he must on certificate of such judge be admitted to one of the asylums for insane and supported there until he is restored to sanity or is legally removed
or taken charge of bv relatives or friends. • j i »• j . . ■. _ j -.i. .i_ ■
w In 1913 class of persons was limited to those confined in state prison or state reformatory and place ol detention during insamty was made either the asylum for
dangerous insane or any state hospital, at the discretion of the court.
" The provisions summarized in Table 10 apply also to persons in confinement under sentence.
M In addition to the section in force Jan. 1, 1910 (which is summarized above), the Compiled Statutes of 1910 contain the same section as amended Mar. 59, 1910. The
essential dillerence is that the duties which in the former case are assigned to the judge of circuit court of county in which prison is situated are in the latter case assigned
to the justice of supreme court presiding in courts of that county or the judge of court of common pleas of county. (See Table 10, note 14, concerning a law of Apr.
''7, 1911, providing for a house of detention at Trenton.)
" In 1912 name ol State Commission in Lunacy was changed to State Hospital Commission.
a The provisions summarized in the t;»ble are those of a law of 1900, which provided for the erection of a state hospital for insane at Lima. In 1910 the hospital had
not been buUt and presumably the following provisions which also appear in the General Code of 1910 were in force:
Procedure when indications ofinsaniti/ are noted.— A convict in the penitentiirv, if the Lima State Hospital l3 not then open to receive suoh convict, must be confined
by warden in insane department of penitentiary. In the case of a convict in the reformatory, superintendent must notify board of managers, which may order removal of
convict to Columbus State Hospital, .\fter a convict is confined in insane department of penitentiary, if deemed necessary by superintendent of Columbus State Hospital
and phvsician of penitentiary, board of managers of penitentmrv may order removal of convict to Columbus State Hospital.
Procedure upon recorery.— When physician of penitentbrv certifies to warden that an insane convict confined in insane department of penitentiary has so far recovered
that it Is safe to put him at labor under his sentence, or when superintendent of Columbus State Hospital so certifies to warden of panitentiarv or superintendent of reform-
atorv regarding a convict from such institution so confined in the hospital, officer in charge of penitentiary or reformatory must remove con\1ct from hospital and put him
atlabor under his sentence. . ., . . , ^ ^,- o...tt-. , ^i.^..^.
According to the law of 1906 an insane convict under indeterminate sentence transferred from penitentiary or reformatory to Luna State Hospital must be detamed at
hospital for maximum term of sentence provided by law for ofl'ense of which person was convicted unless he is sooner restored to reason.
The General Code of 1910 contains a provision of an earlier date than 1900 which was apparently not allected by the law of that year, to the effect that if a convict is
insane at expiration of sentence the warden must notifv probate judge of countv from which he was sent, who must order sheriff to return msane convict to county to be
disposed of as directed by law. This provision further'directs that if a probate judge after notification hy warden neglects to issue a warrant, or it a sherid neglects to
remove the convict, warden must cause such convict to be returned to county from whirh he was sent, in charge of an officer of penitentiary or some other suitable person.
n The provisions summariicd in the table were repealed in 1913 bv a law which included provisions substantially as follows: . , , v v j
When In opinion of warden or phvsician of state penitentliry any convict confined in penitentiary is insane, notice must be given to the clerk of the board, whereupon
board must order his examination by 'one or more of the physiclms of the state hospital for insane. If convict Is found insane, board must order him transferred to the
state hospital for insane. The board may at any time cause convict to be transferred back to penitentiary.
« The following provisions relating to the two penitentiaries are included in a recent di;:cst of Pennsylvania laws as unrepealed:
Eastern Penitentiary —When in opinion of inspectors of Eastern Penitentiary a prisonpr confined there has developed such msanity as to render his contmued confine-
ment in penitentiary improper and hfa removal to the state lunatic hospital necessary to his recovery, they must submit case to board composed of district attorney of
countv of Philadelphia, principal physician of Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane at Philadelphia, and principal physician of the I riends ' Insane Asylum at Frankford,
and iii case a majoritv can not at any time attend, a competent physician or phvsicians appointed bv the coiut of quarter sessions of Philadelphia County, in place of such
as can not attend Upon receipt of certilcate of the board or of 2 of its members, the governor, if he approves, must order removal of prisoner to state lunatic hospital.
If before expiration of sentence trustees of hospital believe prisoner so far restored that his return to penitentiary would be safe and proper, they must cause him to be
^ Western Penitentiary.— Wben physician of Western Penitentiarv believes that a convict confined there is msane, he must notify proper warden and board of inspectors,
who must examine into question of insanity. If board of inspectors deems it advisable, they must direct proper physician of Western Penitentiary, with aid of physician
of insane department of the Western Pennsvlvania Hospital (now Dixmont Hospital) and another competent person learned in medical jurisprudence, to mqiiire into
question of msanitv. If thev, or a majority of them, are convinced that convict is insane, thev must so certify to board of inspectors, and if inspectors approve they must
transmit report to governor who, if he also approves, must order removal of prisoner to state lunatic hospital or to Western Pennsylvania Hospital. If before expiration
of sentence board of managers of hospital befleve convict so far restored that his return to penitentiary would be safe and proper, board of managers must cause him to
be returned.
See Table 10, note IS.
2s See Table 10, note 19. ,. , , . . ^. . ,j ., ,
" The provisions summarized in Table 10 for procedure when indications of insamty are noted m the case of persons imprisoned m any county would apparently apply
to prisoners serving time or sentenced to serve time.
SUMMARY OF LAWS.
103
NOTES TO TABLE 14— Continued.
" Hearing was apparently to be held at state penitentiary, but law was not clear on this point. According to a law of 1913 amending provisions summarized in table
this was definitely stated. 1 he procedure prescribed by this law is practically the same as that for other insane persons as stated in Table 5, note 35. '
28 Accordinp to a law of 1912, persons confined for a specified time or for life in the Vermont Industrial School are also subject to the provisions summarized in the table.
» In addition to the provisions summarized in the table, Pollard 's Code of 1904 contains a section providing th:it inainc convicts be cared for in a special ward of the
penitentiary. This provision was amended in 1910 so as to be substantially as follows: If any person after conviction of any crime or while serving sentence in a penal
institution "or reformatory' or elsewhere is declared insane by a jury, he must be committed by court to department for criminal insane at the proper hospital and kept there
until sane; the time spent in department for crimin:il insane must be deducted from term of sentence.
30 The code of 1910 also contains a section of earlier date than the provision siunmarized in the table, providing that governor may order removal of any prisoner to the
hospital for insane when the physician, board of penitentiary commissioners, and wardens of the penitentiary after examination believe such prisoner is insane and so
certify to governor. As soon as superintendent of hospital to which such a prisoner is sent ascertains that prisoner is not insane, or has recovered, he must notify warden
of penitentiary, who must cause prisoner to be returned to penitentiary if his term of imprisonment has not expired.
The State Board of Control may, whenever welfare of any person requires it, transfer an inmate of a penal institution or an institution for insane to another institution
for care of insane, or to insane ward" of state penitentiary.
A convict who is insane at expiration of sentence may not be discharged by superintendent of penitentiary until latter has notified a judge of superior court of county
in which penitent iarj- is located of fact of such insanity, whereupon such court must order sheriff of coimty to bring convict before court. Ifafter proper examination made
by medical experts court is satisfied that convict is insane, it must order him confined in an insane asylum. If judge or sheriff fails to act as provided in this section, the
superintendent must cause removal of convict to the court for examination.
a The provisions for procedure when indications of insanity are noted in the case of persons serving sentence in the penitentiary apply also to insane persons who are
to be discharged from penitentiary at expiration of sentence.
3* The provisions in Table 10, note 21, apply to this table also.
Prisoners under death sentence, — In the following
table the statutory provisions dealing specifically with
insanity in the case of prisoners under sentence of
death are summarized.
In Kansas, Maine, Michigan, Rhode Island, Wash-
ington (since 1913), and Wisconsin there is no capital
punishment. In the other states, even if there are
no explicit provisions regarding insane prisoners, the
executive authority presumably is empowered to grant
a stay of execution to a prisoner under sentence of
death who becomes insane. The death penalty in
such cases has to be inflicted as soon as the prisoner
is restored to reason.
In some states there is an advisory board of parole
or board of pardons to which all applications to the
governor for clemency may be referred.
Table 15.— PRISONERS UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE.
[For notes to this table, see p. lOo.]
Procedure when indications of insanity are
noted.
Frocedure if prisoner is found
insane.
Procedure upon recovery.
Execution ordered by^
Alabama..
Arisona.
Arkansas.
California.
Colorado.
Delaware > .
Georgia ». . .
If trial court or judpe of such court believes
convict insane, execution of sentence must
be suspended lor a specified length of time.
Court or judge may impanel jury to try
question of insanity' and may examine wit-
nes<5es.
Ifafter defendant is delivered to superintend-
ent of state prison for execution, there is
good reason to believe he has become insane,
superintendent must notify district attor-
ney (since 1912 cnimty attorney) of county
where prison is located, who must hie in
district court (since 1912 superior court) of
county, petition stating facts and asking
inquiry. Thereupon court must cjiuse jury
of 12 persons to be impaneled from reguar
jury list of county to hear inquiry. District
attorney (since 1912 county attorney) must
attend trial and may produce witnesses.
If sheriS is satisfied that reasonaMe grounds
exist for believing convict in^sane, he may
summon a jury of 12 persons, which must
examine person, hear evidence presented,
and by a written inquisition find as to in-
sanity.
Warden of state prison must notify district
attorney of county in which prison is situ-
ated, who must file in superior court of the
county a petition for an inquiry. Court
must then summon and impanel jury of 12
persons to hear inquiry. I'istrict attorney
must attend hearing and may produce wit-
nesses.
P^xecution must be stayed and court must
imj)anel jury to determine whether accused
is insane at time of impaneling.
(See preceding column).
If trial court believes person re- Trial court or judgeofsuch
stored to sanity, court or judge court,
of court must order execution.
Court must order prisoner taken
to state asylum for insane. Su-
perintendent of prison must sus-
pend execution, transmit to gov-
ernor copy of order committing
prisoner to state asylum, and
deliver him to medical superin-
tendent of asylum.
Sheriff must suspend execution
and immediately transmit find-
ing to governor.
Court must order prisoner trans-
ferred to a state hospital for in-
sane to be kept until recovery.
Warden must suspend exec-
ution, transmit to governor a
certified copy of order of court,
and deliver defendant, with a
certified copy of order, to medi-
ica! superintendent of^ hospital
named in order.
Execution must be stayed until
recovery of convicted person.
Dangerous persons who have
committed or attempted to com-
mit murder are designated by
law as patients to be confined in
criminal ward of stale insane
asylum.
Superintendent of asylum must
notify governor, who must issue
a warrant appointing a day for
execution.
When an execution has been sus-
pended, governor by warrant to
sheriff fixes day of execution.
Superintendent of hospital must
notify governor, who must issue
to warden a warrant appointing
a day for execution.
Governor.
Governor.
CJovemor.
Idaho.
Governor, upon receiving satis actory evidence
that person convicted has-become Insane
since conviction, may appoint a board of ex-
pert physicians to examme person and report
result.
Sheriff of county, with concurrence of judge
of trial court, may summon from list of jurors
selected by the commissioners for the year
jury of 12 persoas to try question of insanity.
Prosecuting attorney of county must attend
inquisition and may produce witnesses.
Governor, if convinced of insanity
of prisoner, may commit him to
Slate Sanitarium.
Sheriff mtist suspend execution of
judgment until he receives war-
rant from governor or judge of
court which sentenced prisoner
directing execution of judgment,
Sheriff must immediately trans-
mit finding of jury to governor.
tjuperintendent of sanitarium
must not ify judge of court which
convicted prisoner. The judge,
if convinced of recovery by cer-
tificate of superintendent, by
inquisition, or otherwise, must
have convict removed to jail
and must again pass sentence
and issue a warrant directing
sheriff to execute sentence at
specified time and place.
Governor may issue a warrant ap-
pointing a day for execution.
Governor or judge of court
which sentenced pris-
oner.
104
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 15.— PRISONERS UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE— Continued.
[For notes to this table see p. 105.]
Illinois.
Iowa.
Eentucby..
Loui'^iana'
Massachusetts..
Procedure when indications of insanity are
noted.
Procedure if prisoner is found
insane.
Procedure upon recovery.
Execution must be stayed until recovery of
accused. Court must impanel jury to deter-
mine whether accused is insane at time of
impaneling.
Warden of penitentian.', if satisfied that there
are reasonable grounds for believing prisoner
insane, must notify commissioners of insan-
ity of county where penitentiary is located,
who must examine prisoner, hear anv evi-
dence that may be presentea.and find as to
his insanity in a report signed by not less
than a majoritv of them.
Sheriff, if satisfied that there are reasonable
grounds for believing prisoner insane, may
summon a jury of 12 persons on jury list
drawn by clerkto examine prisoner as to his
sanity aiid hear any evidence presented.
Finding as to insanity must be signed by
each member of jury.
Warden must suspend execution
and immediately transmit re-
port of commissioners of insanity
to governor.
Sheriff must suspend execution
and immediately transmit find-
ing to governor.
Governor issues a warrant fixing
a day for execution.
Governor issues a warrant fizJng a
day for execution.
Execution ordered by-
Governor.
Governor.
Minnesota.
Mississippi
Montana.
Nebraska .
Nevada .
New Hampshire.
New York 6.
North Dakota..
Ohio.
OMahoma^ .
If governor and coxincil are satisfied that con-
vict has become insane, governor, with ad-
vice and consent of council, may from time
to time for stated periods respite execution
of sentence untU satisfied that convict is no
longer insane.
Governor may delay issue of a warrant or re-
spite theexecutiori thereof from timetotime.
Sheriff, wirh concurrence of judfre of circuit
court or of chancellor or president of board of
supervisors inabseneeof circuit Judge, must
summon 6 physicians, if these are to be had.
and, if not, other discreet and experienced
freeholders and electors of county to inquire
into supDosed insanity. Sheriff must sum-
mon and swear all necessary witnesses.
Sheriff may summon jury of 12 competent
jurors to inquire into supposed insanity.
Prosecuting attorney must attend inquiry
and may produce witnesses.
Sheriff, with concurrence of judge of court
which convicted prisoner, may summon
jury of 12 persons to inquire into supposed
insanity. County attorney must attend m-
quisition and may produce witnesses.
Warden or sheriff must notify judge of district
court of district in which convict was sen-
tenced ,who may suspend execut ion if neces-
sary and may appoint the 3 superintendents
of the state insane asylums as a commission
to examine him.
Warden, with concurrence of judge of district
court of county in which prLsou is situated,
may summon'jury of 12 persons to inquire
into supposed insanity. District attorney
of the county must attend inquiry and may
produce witne^es.s
Governor, with advice of council, may respite
execution from time to lime for stated pe-
riods, until they have had suflicient oppor-
tunity for investigation, or the cause (insan-
ity )_is removed.
Sherin of county in which conviction took
place, with concurrence of a justice of the
supreme court or the county judge of the
county, must impanel jury of 12 persons to
examme into supposed insanity. District
attorney of the county must attend inquiry
and may produce witiiesses.
Sheriff of county in which conviction took
place, upon notice from warden of peniten-
tiaiy, must notify judge of district court in
which convict was sentenced and state's at-
torney, and must summon jury of 6 persons.
Jud^e, clerk of court, and state's attorney
must attend inquiry.
Sheriff must notify a judge of court of common
pleas of the judicial district and summon
jury of 12 persons to inqufre into supposed
insanity at a time and place to be fixed by
judge. Jud?e, clerk of court, and prose-
cuting attorney must attend inquiry.
Sheriff of county or subdivision, with concur-
rence of judse of court by which jud^ouent
was rendered, may summon jury of 12 per-
sons to inquire into supposed insanity.
County attorney must attend inquiry arid
may pruduce witnesses.
(See preceding column) .
When execution has been respited,
sentence of death must be exe-
cuted within week beginning on
day next after day on which
term of respite expires. War-
den of state prison appoints a
day within such week for execu-
tion.
Warden of state prison.
Sheriff must immediately transmit
finding of jiuy to governor and
suspend execution.
Sheriff must suspend execution
Sheriff must immediately trans-
mit verdict of jury to governor
and suspend execution.
Judge must suspend execution; he
may at any time order investiga-
tion by the commission as to
continuance of insanity.
Warden must immediately trans-
mit finding of jury to governor
and suspend execution.
Sheriff must suspend execution
and immediately transmit find-
ing of jury to governor, who may
order convict removed to a state
hospital for insane convicts or
insane criminals.
Judge must suspend execution,
and sheriff must immediately
transmit finding of jury to gov-
ernor.
Judge must suspend execution
and sheriff must immediately
transmit finding of jury to gov-
ernor.
Sheriff must suspend execution
and immediately transmit find-
ing of jury to governor.
Governor must issue warrant ap-
pointing day for execution.
Governor, as soon as he is con-
vinced of sanity of convict, may
issue warrant appotuting time
and place of execution.
Governor may issue warrant ap-
pointing day for execution.
Judge must appoint day for ex-
ecution.
Governor may issue warrant ap-
pointing day for execution.
Governor.
Medical superintendent must no-
tify State Commission in Lunacy
and a justice of the supreme
court of district in which hos-
pital is situated , who must make
mquiry, and if convinced that
patient has recovered, must so
certify to clerk of court in which
convict was sentenced and cause
convict to be returned to cus-
tody of sheriff of county from
which be came.
Governor may issue warrant ap-
pointing time for execution.
Governor may issue warrant ap-
pointing time for execution.
Governor may issue warrant ap- Governor, or a majority ol
pointing day for execution. thejudges of the supremo
court.
Governor or judge of court
which convicted prisoner.
Judge of district court of
district in which convict
was originally sentenced.
Governor or judge of d istrict
court of county in which
state prison is situated.
oovemor
Governor.
SUMMARY OF LAWS. 105
Table 15.— PRISONERS UNDER SENTENCE OF DEATH WHO BECOME OR APPEAR INSANE— Continued.
STATE.
Procedure when indications of insanity are
noted.
Procedure if prisoner is found
insane.
Procedure upon recovery.
Execution ordered by —
Oregon 8
South Dakota
Texas °
Sheriff of county or subdivision, with concur-
rence of judtre of court by which judgment
was rendered, may summon jury of 12 per-
sons to inquire into supposed insanity.
County attorney must attend inquiry and
may produce witnesses.
SheriS must suspend execution
and immediately transmit find-
ing of jury to governor.
Governor may issue warrant ap-
pointing day for execution.
Governor, or a majority of
the judges of the supreme
court.
Utah
Sheriff of county, with concurrence of judge of
court by which judt^ment was rendered, may
summon jury of 12 persons to inquire into
supposed insanity. County attorney must
attend inquiry and may produce witnesses.
Sheriff must notify a jud<;e of district court of
the judicial district and summon jury of 12
persons to inquire into supposed insanity.
Judge, clerk of court, and prosecuting attor-
Sheriff must suspend execution
and immediately transmit find-
ing of jury to board of pardons.
Judge must suspend execution
and sheriff must immediately
transmit finding of jury to gov-
ernor.
Board of pardons (composed of
governor, justices of supreme
court, and attorney general)
may issue warrant appointing
day for execution.
Governor may issue warrant ap-
pointing time for execution.
President of board of par-
dons, or judge of court by
which judgment was ren-
dered.
NOTES TO TABLE 15.
^ See Table 10 for provisions concerning prisoners who become insane after conviction of capital charge but before sentence.
aSee also Table 14, note 5.
^No statutory provisions prior to act approved July 1, 1910. (See Table 10, note?, third and fourth paragraphs.)
^See also Table 14.
s According to a law which appears for the first time in the Revised Laws of Nevada, 1912, attorney general as well as district attorney must attend inquiry and
may produce witnesses.
« The provisions shown in the table were amended in 1910 so as to be substantially as follows:
Procedure when indications of insanity are Tzo/ed.— Governor may appoint a commission of 3 persons to examine into supposed insanity. District attorney of county
in which murder was committed must attend inquiry and may produce witnesses.
PTocedure if prisoner is found insane.— Vianlen must suspend execution; governor may order convict removed to a state hospital for insane convicts.
Procedure upon recovenj. —lledioal superintendent must notify State Commission in Lunacy (now State Hospital Commission) and a justice of supreme court of
district in whicn hospital is situated, who must make inquiry, and if convinced that patient has recovered, must so certify to clerk of court in which convict was
sentenced and cause convict to be returned to custody of wardein of state prison from which he came.
Authority ordering execiUion. — Governor.
'The provisions shoiivn in the table were amended in 1913 so as to be substantially as follows;
Procedure when indications of insanity are no fed.— Warden must notify county attorney of county in which prison is situated, who must immediately file in district
or superior court of county a petition asking that question of insanity be" investigated. Court must then cause jury of 12 persons to be impaneled. County attorney
must attend inquiry and may produce witnesses.
Procedure if pri'soner is found insam.— Court must order prisoner removed to a state hospital for insane. Warden must suspend execution, notify governor of order
of court, and deliver prisoner to superintendent of hospital.
Procedure upon recor fry. ^Superintendent must notify governor, who must issue warrant appointing day for execution.
Authority ordering execution. — Governor.
8 See Table 14. The provisions summarized there apply to all persons confined in the state prison.
B Only statutory provision is to the effect that no person who becomes insane after he is found guilty shall be punished for the offense while in such condition.
GENERAL TABLES
INSANE IN HOSPITALS
(107)
108
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 19:0:
msnruTioN.
United States.
ALABAMA.
Total ,
Public:
The Bryce Hospital, Tuscaloosa
The Mount Vernon Hospital, Mount Vernon. ,
ARIZONA.
Total
PnbUc:
Territorial Asylum for the Insane, Phoenix. .
ARKANSAS.
Total
Public:
State Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Little Root.
CALIFORNIA.
Total
Public:
Agnew State Hospital, Agnew
Mendocino State Hospital, Talmage
Napa St-ite Hospital, Napa
Southern California State Ilospitil, Patton
Stocliton State Hospital, Stockton
Private:
Clark's Sanitarium, Stockton
Livermore Sanitarium, Livermore
Osborne Hall, Santa Clara
COLORADO.
Total
Public:
Colorado State Insane Asylum, Pueblo ,
Denver City and County Hospital, Denver.
Private:
Mount .Viry Sanatorium, Denver
Woodcroft "Hospital, Pueblo
CONNECTICUT.
Total
PubUc:
Connecticut Hospital for the Insane, Middletown..
Norwich Hospital for the Insane, Norwich
Private:
Crest View Sanatorium, Greenwich
Dr. Barnes Sanitarixun, Stamford
Dr. Givens' Sanitarium, Stamford
Dr. McFarland's Sanitarium, Green's Farms
Dr. Wadsworth's Sanitarium, South Norwalk
Elmcroft Sanitarium, EnDeld
Grand View SaniUmum, Norwich
Hartford Retreat, Hartford
Kensett, Norwalk
Spring Hill Sanitarium, Litchfield
The Westport Sanitarium, AVestport
DELAWARE.
Total
Poblio:
Delaware State Hospital, Famburst
DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA.
Total
PubUo:
Government Hospital for the Insane, Washington, D. C..
FLORIDA.
Total
PubUc:
Florida Hospital for the Insane, Chattahoochee
GEORGIA.
Total
Public:
Georgia State Sanitarium, MilledgeviUe ,
Private:
Allen's Invalid Home, MilledgeviUe
IDAHO.
Total
Public:
The Idaho Insane Asylum, Blackfoot
The Northern Idaho Insane Asylum, Orotino..
INSANE IN HOSPTTALS.
Enumerated on January 1, 1910.
Total.
137,791
2,039
1,429
610
337
337
1,092
1,092
6,652
69S
856
1,841
1,270
1,"
40
49
3
1,199
882
128
16
173
3,579
2,436
623
10
38
183
49
5
6
2
156
3
10
58
441
441
2,890
2,890
3,132
3,082
50
259
129
669
312
265
265
529
529
4,115
410
592
1,044
793
1,232
22
20
2
68;
508
72
6
101
1,680
1,135
329
237
237
2,170
2,170
446
446
1,531
1,509
22!
256
164
921
1,058
760
298
72
72
563
S63
2,637
28S
264
79:
47:
663
18
29
1
512
374
66
10
72
1,899
1,301
294
10
23
107
27
4
5
2(M
204
720
720
1,601
1,573
28
132
95
37
White.
1,320
1,320
157
157
903
903
322
330
891
745
867
28
36
2
706
479
87
14
126
2,278
1,421
411
27
163
38
5
6
1
137
3
10
47
284
264
1,565
1,665
333
333
2,122
2,073
49
228
163
03
•3
•3
a
60,644
607
607
12.5
125
177
206
475
431
519
15
14
1
383
25S
52
1,116
695
225
142
142
1,170
1,170
182
182
1,031
1,010
21
137
91
46
54,758
713
713
32
32
470
470
1,383
145
124
416
314
348
13
22
1
323
221
35
1,162
726
186
122
122
395
395
151
151
1,091
1,063
28
Foreign twm.
162
162
33
33
336
440
832
445
819
12
12
1
307
32
959
179
66
66
C68
668
47
47
31
30
1
126
126
20
20
1,847
201
315
472
302
544
7
5
202
16
32
411
87
36
36
599
699
33
33
14
13
1
1,050
135
125
3G0
143
275
105
16
548
92
> o
4,726
74
Colored.
673
63
610
10
10
151
151
368
15
57
57
72
167
655
656
979
979
28
312
8
8
72
72
322
13
52
49
54
154
36
203
203
486
486
6,489
GENERAL TABLES.
109
SUMMARY BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS.
mSAHE IN
HOSPITALS— continued.
Admitted in 1910.
Discharged.
Died.
Transferred to—
Total.
White.
Colored.
Institu-
tions not
for the
insane.
Other hospitals for the
insane.
Native.
Foreign bom.
Committed
prior to 1910.
Committed
in 1910.
&
1
a>
3
o
•3
a
3
o
1
a
8,838
a
B
3
Eh
4,587
1
2,470
4
a
■3
Eh
4
s
■3
a
_;
03
■a
a
1
305
223
a
&
82
3,803
1
1,896
•3
a
&
1,907
1
Eh
1,501
■3
a
923
d
-3
B
578
60,769
34,116
26,653
39,629
22,190
17,439
15,523
P., 685
1,030
2,117
29.304
437
400
37
46
46
96
96
772
22
106
130
235
164
62
51
2
272
57
155
11
49
643
195
136
6
23
93
49
3
8
5
89
1
3
32
63
63
300
300
111
111
606
402
104
94
63
31
16,193
255
228
27
39
39
53
53
498
7
81
85
137
121
44
22
1
180
40
113
4
23
329
114
74
......
45
20
1
4
2
47
""ii
3-
37
218
218
60
60
303
231
72
71
47
24
13,111
182
172
10
7
7
43
43
274
15
25
45
98
43
18
29
1
92
17
42
7
26
314
81
62
6
12
48
29
2
4
3
42
1
3
21
26
26
82
82
51
51
203
171
32
23
16
7
18,924
11,045
7,879
1
831
887
244
135
135
255
255
1,989
113
240
439
493
508
92
101
3
722
353
271
27
n
1,155
402
284
10
33
130
82
1?
14
118
2
4
53
127
127
597
597
325
325
1,112
995
117
203
102
101
444
325
119
104
104
152
152
1,279
54
184
267
300
356
66
52
462
233
186
13
30
593
232
147
3
15
57
38
2
7
7
59
'""26
78
78
426
426
1%
196
623
542
81
155
79
76
387
262
125
31
31
103
103
710
59
56
172
193
152
26
49
3
260
120
85,
H
41
562,
170
137
7
18
73
44
4
10
7
S9
2
4
27
49
49
171
171
129
129
489
453
36
48
23
25
566
566
310
310
256
256
18
18
12
12
6
6
247
3
244
6
6
33
33
97
2
13
17
31
32
1
1
122
3
119
5
5
17
17
79
1
11
16
24
26
1
1
125
■"i25
1
1
le
16
18
1
2
2
7
6
327
145
182
44
44
118
118
608
37
57
185
145
164
13
7
157
73
84
36
36
68
68
414
25
52
112
96
112
12
5
170
72
98
8
8
50
50
194
12
5
73
49
52
1
2
?
1
{
4
66
66
216
216
1,118
67
123
238
300
261
50
78
1
484
218
185
20
61
755
234
175
10
24
98
44
6
16
10
90
2
3
43
79
79
357
357
144
144
701
589
112
123
68
55
55
55
130
130
675
28
92
134
182
166
34
39
308
155
121
9
23
395
133
104
3
9
45
19
2
6
4
49
""ii
48
48
276
276
90
90
406
329
77
89
50
39
11
11
86
86
443
39
31
104
118
95
16
39
1
176
63
64
11
38
360
101
71
7
15
S3
25
4
10
6
41
2
3
22
31
31
81
81
54
54
296
260
35
34
18
16
59
59
6
6
721
42
104
178
154
195
24
22
2
187
96
74
7
10
371
161
89
40
40
5
5
486
24
81
114
86
152
17
12
133
65
57
4
7
186
96
35
19
19
1
1
235
18
23
64
68
43
7
10
2
54
31
17
3
3
185
65
54
4
4
53
2
.....
8
20
17
1
1
...
1
1
6
1
1
12
1
1
9
7
K
3
12
12
26
1
14
1
2
3
4
21
'i4
1
1
2
2
5
1
"i
1
2
9
in
4
4
4
4
19
n
1
1
14
2
10
?
15
3
2
1
151
2
1
114
16
37
1
70
1
48
22
17
18
It
32
27
5
19
12
7
9
6
3
10
6
4
115
66
28
13
8
311
187
71
82
50
18
8
6
172
103
41
33
16
10
5
2
139
84
30
7
2
5
1
1
36
3
113
36
1
6
2
2
6
2
35
2
77
IS
1
5
.....
3
1
36
18
.....
2
1
3
2
25
6
39
73
3
4
1
7
2
9
1
1
1
33
1
23
2
23
36
2
3
1
3
1
5
"i
'15
2
4
16
37
1
1
""4
1
4
1
"i
18
1
20
21
22
23
?4
6
3
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1
5
2
15
2
12
14
5
8
6
1
4
9
4
4
?S
28
07
8
31
38
6
11
19
2
20
19
.....
1
1
9
13
11
5
8
5
4
5
6
28
2
2
29
30
1
4
28
1
3
10
?1
1
18
1'>
12
6
6
1
1
...
10
6
4
33
?4
1
10
23
23
85
85
21
21
13
8
5
74
32
42
""s
15
15
72
72
14
14
9
S
4
62
27
35
1
5
8
8
13
13
7
7
4
3
1
12
5
7
1
7
48
48
279
279
118
118
455
446
9
33
23
10
4
23
23
206
206
76
76
241
236
5
23
15
8
1
3
25
25
73
73
42
42
214
210
4
10
8
2
^5
7
2
£
10
5
s
"^6
2
2
2
2
7
7
3
3
23
23
153
153
153
153
395
395
14
14
77
77
90
90
207
207
9
9
76
76
63
63
188
188
37
IS
4
4
4
4
...
9
9
4
4
5
S
16
16
1
1
14
IS
15
1
1
6
1
1
8
39
40
41
41
2
2
4t
44
2
46
46
2
34
34
12
12
14
6
8
41;
3
■■■■3
3
2
1
3
2
1
4A
47
48
110
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 1910: SUMMARY
INSTirUTION.
ILLINOIS.
Total
Public:
Anna State Hospital, Anna
Chester State Hospital, Menard
Elgin State Hospital, Elgin
Jackson. iUe State Hospital, Jacksonville
Kankakee State Hospital, Kankakee
Peoria State Hospital, Peoria
Watertown State Hospital, Watertowu
Cook County Hospital for Insane, Dunning..
Madison County Poor Farm, Edwardsville. .
Private:
Bellevue Place Sanitarium, Batavia
Maplewood, Jac ksonville
Oak La\\Ti Sanitarium, Jacksonville
The Ransom Sanitarium, Rockford
INDIANA.
Total
Public:
Central Indiana Hospital for Insane, Indianapolis
Eastern Indiana Hospital for the Insane, Ricnmond
Northern Hospital for Insane, Logansport
Southeastern Ilospital for t..e Insane, Madison
The Southern Indiana Hospital for the Insane, EvansviUe.
Marion County Asylum for Incurable Insane, Julietta
Private:
Dr. W, B. Fletcher's Sanatorium, Indianapolis
Norways, Indianapolis
IOWA.
Total
Public:
Cherokee State Ilospital, Cherokee
Clarinda State Ilospital, Clarinda
Independence State Ilospital, Independence
Mount Pleasant State Hospital, Mount Pleasant
Allamakee County Home, Waukon
Boone County Home and Hospital, Boone
Bremer County Asylum, Waverly
C«dar County Asylum, Tipton
Cerro Gordo County Hospital for Insane, Mason City
Clayton County Ilospital, Llkader '.
Clinton County Home and Insane Asylum, Charlotte
Des Moines County Asylum, Burlington
Fayette County Hospital for Insane, West Union
Hancock County Home, Duncan
Jackson County Home and Insane Asylum, Andrew
Johnson County Home, Iowa City
Keokuk County Home and Asylum, Sigoumey
Lee County Home and Insane Xlospital, Summitville
Louisa County Home, Wapello
Mahaska County Home and Insane Asylum, Oskaloosa...
Marion County Home, Knoxville
Marshall County Insane Hospital. Marshall town
Montgomery County Home and Asvlum, Red Oak
Muscatine County Asvlum, Muscatine
Pocahontas County Farm and Insane Asylum, Pocahontas.
Polk County Insane Hospital, Des Moines
Powesliiek County Insane Asvlum, Montezuma
Tama County Home and Asylum, Toledo
Van Buren County Home and Hospital, Keosauqua
Winneshiek County Asylum and Poorhouse, Becorab
Private:
Mercy Hospital, Davenport
St. IJemard's Ilospital, Council Bluffs
St. Joseph's Sanitarium, Dubuque
The Retreat, Des Moines
KANSAS.
Total
Public:
Hospital for Epileptics, Parsons
Osaw-.uomie State Hospital, Osawatomie
Topeka State Hospital, Topeka
Private:
The Boimer Springs Lodge Sanitarium, Bonner Springs
Elmwood Hospital, Leavenworth
Evergreen Place Hospital, Leavenworth
Grand\new Sanitarium, _van.sas City
Prospect Park Hospital, Atchison
KENTUCKY.
Total
Public:
Central Kentucky Asylum for the Insane, Lakeland
Eastern Kentucky Asylum for the Insane, Lexington
Western Kentucky .\s'ylum for the Insane, Hopkinsville . . .
Private:
Beechhurst Sanitarium, Louisville
Dr. Board's Sanatorium, Louisville
Dr. Sprague's Sanatorium, Lexington
INSANE DJ HOSPITALS.
Enumerated on January 1, 1910.
Total.
12,839
1,47S
215
1,384
1,440
2,549
2,107
1,412
2,174
4
31
20
16
4,527
1,815
795
978
G,846
800
215
700
736
1,340
1.'
793
1,151
724
189
21
5
5,377
887
1,054
1,161
1,020
15
29
18
10
16
49
25
53
28
21
28
24
11
19
3
12
10
36
7
21
14
117
9
20
24
23
156
209
230
18
2,912
303
1,294
1,215
15
19
14
34
18,
3,338^
1,352'
1,063
1,0721
26'
11
14
10
8
2
2,235
820
392
506
387
116
12
2
2,8%
494
596
689
570
6
11
11
3
10
23
11
26
13
14
19
12
6
2
3
7
3
20
2
11
9
57
5
10
10
11
53
82
90
7
1,694
203
6«3
780
751
605
585
678
684
704
1,209
1,019
619
1,023
1
31
10
2,292
995
403
472
337
73
9
3
2,481
393
458
472
450
9
18
7
7
6
26
14
27
15
7
9
12
5
17
5
7
16
5
10
5
CO
4
10
14
12
103
127
140
11
1,218
100
631
435
7
10
10
15
10
601
458
487
White.
Native.
6,991
1,178
91
660
1,236
1,247
782
878
849
1,380
696
750
634
119
3,840
539
766
883
753
6
17
8
4
12
34
15
43
22
7
13
14
7
10
23
6
15
6
75
7
12
20
16
95
172
206
14
2,235
257
1,019
1,066
874
795
26
11
14
3,732
626
91
334
639
662
416
460
485
637
336
376
345
10
2
2,029
293
419
520
407
2
10
4
2
7
16
2.
6
2
11
1
7
5
37
3
6
1,275
170
508
550
697
511
427
13
9
6
i
3,259
552
Foreign bom.
326
597
585
366'
418
364
1,829
743
360
374
289
53
246
347
363
346
4
7
4
2
5
18
7
24
13
2
5
7
3
10
5
5
12
6
8
1
38
4
6
11
7
57
106
125
8
87
511
318
6
7
10
13
8
1,224
469
363
368
13
2
4,103
14S
75
494
162
1,005
605
483
1,222
4
2
1
1
1
224
74
187
323
220
267
182
9
12
6
6
4
15
10
8
6
14
14
10
4
8
1
1
3
10
1
6
8
28
2
8
3
7
27
202
1
2
151
114
24
13
2,185
75
252
73
520
262
297
61:
3
89
42
109
186
133
161
112
4
I
14
16
9
1
333
22
121
a
P4
1,918
58
485
243
186
610
1
2
1
135
32
781
137
87
106
70
5
11
1
5
1
5
81
100
1
1
1,378
5
218
11
288
757
14
45
150
7
39
Colored.
64
143
1
73
50
570
162
165
243
235
44
44
7
16
18
41
29
36
17
84
143
GENERAL TABLES.
Ill
BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued.
mSANE IN
HOSPITALS— continued.
Admitted in 1910.
Discharged.
Died.
Transferred to—
Total.
White.
Colored.
Institu-
tions not
for the
insane.
Other hospitals for the
insane.
Native.
Foreign bom.
II
150
7
2
1
6
65
24
"'"45
Committed
prior to 1910.
Committed
in 1910.
Eh
i
i
1
s
B
1
si
i
Eh
a;
81
19
6
■"13
4
3
4
30
2
0?
■3
a
62
12
.....
5
6
4
2
21
3
Eh
.2
i
B
1
Eh
a
a
■3
34
1
31
"3
B
&
3
S
Eh
40
6
.2
"3
S
&
16
2
5
"3
i
a
4,053
396
34
363
502
663
360
329
1,202
6
34
S3
4
77
1,270
391
152
294
123
181
42
87
2,319
224
34
188
298
353
227
175
737
6
■■"■34
1
43
672
236
70
152
73
85
24
32
1,734
172
""175
204
310
133
154
465
1
34
49
3
34
598
155
82
142
50
96
18
65
2,580
326
18
232
402
435
278
244
467
1
30
80
3
64
1,077
316
140
249
106
162
24
80
1,423
177
18
123
236
226
171
127
277
■■"33
1
34
556
189
64
122
62
75
14
30
1,157
149
■"iog
166
209
107
117
190
1
30
47
2
30
521
127
76
127
44
87
10
60
1,190
32
8
128
77
163
61
79
639
3
4
3
1
12
116
36
9
42
8
6
8
7
713
22
8
65
44
83
35
44
400
3
.....
.....
74
23
6
29
6
4
4
2
477
10
"'ia
33
70
16
35
239
133
31
6
2
18
10
7
6
61
2
1,947
161
11
154
278
1%
ISl
240
564
3
25
76
1
57
676
144
53
195
6
119
1,147
86
11
82
154
118
115
148
368
3
""35
1
26
267
90
18
86
2
47
800
76
""'72
124
78
66
92
196
25
41
""ii
309
54
36
109
3
72
1,362
160
4
130
128
238
214
103
356
1
8
2
1
8
435
167
66
86
20
55
31
12
784
101
4
79
83
131
113
56
209
1
2
5
277
119
32
53
13
39
18
3
568
59
""si
45
107
101
47
146
24
3
40
2
1
1
2
2
1
33
1
1
1
1
1
1
7
1
""i
1
1
18
2
11
18
"'ii
^
10
2
1
14
3
2
9
2
.....
3
1
1
.....
8
4
S
f
f
1
3
16
3
13
"3
1
ir
4
2
1
4
42
13
3
13
2
2
4
6
8
.....
3
158
48
33
32
7
16
13
9
11
.. 1
....
2
1
2
1
7
2
3
42
30
2
6
2
3
18
15
1
24
15
2
r
ir
1
30
16
.....
5
3
6
2
2
14
47
24
3
2
4
10
i
24
16
.....
2
4
1
23
I
1
I
3
476
438
33
1
208
191
16
267
247
18
1
V
K
r
u
n
?f
1
2
2
1
71
60
24
36
10
3
7
r
2r
1,511
221
291
292
215
2
e
863
140
174
159
IIS
2
648
81
117
133
97
2
3
1,203
145
242
243
157
2
3
672
91
144
131
81
2
631
64
98
112
76
2
1
271
69
41
47
43
16C
44
25
27
25
105
26
16
20
18
26
6
7
1
9
12
2
1
1
6
7
1
.....
4
5
1
1
■"■■2
806
122
138
148
77
425
58
82
79
42
381
64
56
69
36
496
96
110
107
82
2
1
1
1
308
58
68
77
45
i
188
38
42
30
37
2
11
7
4
28
1
4
9
13
1
1
3
16
46
31
14
24
?,
1
3
6
"2
4
1
1
1
3
6
2
3
1
1
1
2
2t
2-
1
1
7fi
2
K
1
1
31
1
1
3?
X
34
8
9
1
2
3
6
1
2
5
3
5
8
5
5
3
3
1
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
3.1
1
1
1
i
1
1
3f
37
1
.....1
2
2
...
3f
.. .
1
2
2
2
1
3f
3
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
4f
1
1
1
1
41
3
3
4!
4.'
......
44
4f
2
1
4
i
2
4
1
1
4
i
1
1
1
1
1
3
1
2
4f
4'
4
2
2
2
2
1
1
4f
4f
7
5
2
4
3
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
14
11
3
fX
fil
2
3
2
I
2
1
3
1
1
2
1
1
6'
2
1
20
26
16
2
1
11
12
13
an
.54
74
214
78
77
905
78
226
393
46
13
38
102
9
1,227
465
348
305
38
47
24
38
129
42
38
634
52
137
230
27
5
17
60
6
735
282
223
172
29
23
IS
30
85
36
39
371
26
89
163
19
8
21
42
3
492
183
126
133
18
24
8
63
187
74
67
730
69
190
296
43
9
31
86
6
1,006
371
286
241
37
46
24
22
114
40
33
426
45
114
170
26
6
12
60
4
602
231
184
131
19
22
16
31
73
34
34
304
24
76
126
17
4
19
36
2
403
140
102
110
18
24
9
20
27
4
10
104
6
23
61
3
15
16
2
6
64
4
15
36
1
6
12
2
5
40
1
8
26
2
1
1
38
149
51
73
441
41
117
154
29
6
13
77
4
667
267
158
153
36
33
21
19
87
24
32
250
33
64
82
16
5
6
43
2
377
159
96
80
16
13
16
19
62
27
41
191
8
53
72
13
1
8
34
2
290
108
63
73
20
20
6
9
14
3
2
1
1
2
20
4
11
48
"i9
3
4
31
2
1
1
7
17
a.
5
4
1
8
4
.....
5
1
4
3
.■»
6'
a
3
68
4
13
33
42
3
8
22
26
1
6
11
286
29
102
112
6
4
7
23
4
424
131
149
140
1
2
1
196
19
65
83
3
2
4
16
3
262
69
102
79
1
1
91
10
37
29
2
2
3
i
172
62
47
61
2
2
AT
1
1
61
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
m
1
1
fi.'
4
4
64
7
3
2
45
34
4
6
1
1
6
2
1
28
18
3
6
1
1
2
1
1
17
16
1
6
33
8
18
3
22
6
11
3
11
3
7
df
4
3
1
13
1
173
67
67
69
8
1
101
30
36
36
6
72
27
22
23
3
3
m
67
5
6
...
27
20
15
10
12
10
m
6
5
1
...
1
TJ
6
1
4
1
2
71
9
3
S
7
2
2
2
1
3
75
1
1
7;
74
112
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 1910: SUMMARY
XNanruTioN.
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Enumerated on January 1, 1910.
Total.
■
WUte.
Colored.
•Native.
Foreign bora.
3
o
6
.2
■3
1
4
a
■3
a
a
"3
St
3
"a
a
i
1
LOUISIANA.
Total
2,158
1,362
553
243
1,258
347
911
3,220
586
946
92
438
24
215
9
6
8
20
38
47
623
29
7
102
30
11,601
777
657
1,391
1,604
333
839
586
-11
970
978
1,148
1,316
10
1
26
^6
224
S
2
1
1
13
6,699
1,343
1,900
1,396
408
41
758
535
4
55
259
4,744
479
1,574
478
1,201
1,005
7
1,070
699
279
92
693
161
532
1,569
316
634
40
166
12
105
4
4
4
8
29
262
10
5
61
19
6,633
328
657
589
647
169
456
379
196
627
372
529
672
3
io
1
93
2
1
2
3,679
704
992
771
348
21
44S
268
3
29
95
2,755
300
898
424
629
501
3
1,088
663
274
151
565
186
379
1.651
270
412
52
272
12
110
5
2
4
12
38
18
361
19
2
51
11
5,968
449
""802
957
164
383
207
515
443
606
619
644
7
1
16
1
6
131
3
2
1
ii
3,020
639
908
625
60
20
310
267
1
26
164
1,989
179
676
54
572
504
4
1,131
659
279
193
1,072
277
795
2, .300
451
778
69
150
17
84
5
579
373
129
77
590
130
466
1,157
243
449
34
58
10
32
2
552
286
150
116
476
147
329
1.143
208
329
35
92
7
52
3
130
67
16
47
126
57
69
476
68
145
19
84
i
68
44
10
14
66
29
37
198
35
70
6
25
8
62
23
6
33
60
28
32
278
33
75
14
59
2
1
191
ISS
3
55
11
44
31
""23
5
706
448
258
342
202
140
364
246
118
Public:
^
Louisiana Hospital for Insane, Pineville
4
Private:
Louisiana Retreat, New Orleans
^
MAINE.
Total . . .
5
2
3
413
67
3
1
2
194
38
2
1
1
219
29
f,
Public:
Rfi<!tpm Mninp TnsftTie TTfv^ital, T^angnr
Q
MARYLAND.
Total
Tublic:
10
Sprincfield State Hospital, Sykesville
11
4
199
6
122
4
6
6
1
80
2
05
2
4
2
3
119
3
67
2
2
4
I''
Bay View Asylum, lialtimore
n
14
Montovue Asylum, Frederick .
Ifi
Somerset. (~'onnty Home Princess Anne
2
18
37
42
490
25
7
97
28
6,831
464
357
893
799
209
632
324
298
568
669
635
756
10
1
22
2
4
207
5
2
1
1
12
3,862
854
1,381
742
218
30
158
253
2
49
175
1,923
150
614
193
604
457
5
2
6
27
215
9
5
48
17
3,580
242
357
420
363
138
302
232
94
321
259
345
404
3
...
"9
1
85
2
] '."
i
2
2,077
451
728
386
188
17
86
127
2
27
65
1,063
70
281
175
315
219
3
Private:
12
37
15
275
16
2
49
11
3,251
222
""473
436
131
230
92
204
247
410
290
352
7
1
13
1
4
122
3
2
1
2
1
5
130
4
2
2
45
1
10
The Gundry Sanitarium, Catonsville
1
3
85
3
'>n
''I
Mnnnf. TTnpe Retrent., Arlinfrt/in ,
3
00
*>?
Riggs Cottage, I jamsville.. . ,
''I
The Sheppard and Enoch Pratt Hospital, Towson
6
2
4,461
301
247
479
742
68
295
245
381
383
294
492
520
3
2
1,894
86
247
166
256
28
146
138
92
196
109
178
245
2
O"!
%
MASSACHUSETTS.
Total ....
2,567
216
""313
480
30
149
107
289
188
185
314
275
86
1
15
6
30
6
7
11
i
3
6
223
11
38
13
33
113
1
38
3
16
110
10
""io
17
97
Public:
Boston State Hospital, Dorchester Center .
?«
•>q
Danvers State Hospital, Hathome. . .
sn
11
T>
Northampton State Hospital, Northampton
12
10
21
19
14
18
34
8
5
4
11
4
5
18
4
5
17
8
10
13
16
si
?4
State Infirmary, Tewkesbury .. .
S^i
Taunton State Hospital. Taunton
Ifi
37
Worcester State Asylum, Worcester.
SS
?0
Boumewood, Brookline
40
4
'
3
^0
The Highlands, Winchendon
4'?
2
17
8
2
9
44
McLean Hospital. Waverly
4*1
4H
Norwood Private Hospital for Mental Diseases, Norwood
Pme Terrace, Baldwinsviile
47
4S
40
10
1,785
403
653
356
30
13
72
126
22
110
860
80
233
18
289
238
2
1
2,493
459
432
536
161
11
553
260
2
6
83
2,725
303
1,046
275
571
628
2
1,410
237
231
317
129
4
331
129
1
2
29
1,635
223
607
240
294
271
1
1,083
222
201
219
22
7
222
131
1
4
54
1,090
80
439
35
277
257
2
50
MICHIGAN.
Total ....
244
13
70
107
11
100
17
17
11
28
58
12
5
3
23
42
5
12
8
5
"il
Public:
'pp^t'^'Ti Mt^higftTi Asylnm POTltllV*
5?
M
Northern Michigan .\sylum, Traverse City
54
State Asylum, Ionia
5*1
State Psychopathic Hospital, Ami Arbor
56
Upper Peninsula Hospital for the Insane, Newberry
39
3
8
19
4
11
4
8
•i?
Wayne County Asylum, Eloise.
58
Private:
50
Oak'Grove Hospital, Flint
fiO
St. Joseph's Retreat, Dearborn
1
64
21
10
9
12
12
61
MINNESOTA.
Total
32
5
4
1
14
8
24
6
4
1
8
6
8
6
2
fi?
PubUc:
63
Fergus Falls State Hospital. Fergiis Falls
6-1
Hastings Stat© Asylum, Ilastings
55
66
St. Peter State Hospital, St. Peter
67
Private:
St James Hospital and Sanitarium, St. James
GENERAL TABLES.
113
BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued.
INSAME m BoapiTALS— continued.
Admitted in 1910.
Discliarged.
Died.
Transferred to—
Total.
WWte.
Colored.
Institu-
tions not
for the
insane.
Other hospitals for the
1 insane.
Native.
Foreign bom.
Committed
prior to 1910.
Committed
in 1910.
1
1
4
a
1
03
0^
"3
a
3
4
a
"3
a
1
Eh
4
1
"3
■s
"5
S
09
i
1
a
1
EH
1
4
1
a
a
5
•a
<6
a
a
"3
Eh
3
a
8
1
a
17
491
210
150
131
509
207
302
1,273
88
258
30
214
14
61
1
1
1
32
29
70
214
47
2
167
44
4,236
610
122
601
216
96
356
106
175
442
635
31
551
9
234
95
83
56
248
89
159
677
50
139
18
125
7
37
i
16
■■"35
125
26
2
78
18
2,206
280
122
337
117
62
182
73
58
233
285
21
300
. 4
257
115
67
75
261
118
143
596
38
119
12
89
7
24
1
1
16
29
35
89
21
■■"89
26
2,030
330
'■'264
99
34
174
33
117
209
350
10
251
314
129
81
104
418
170
248
981
72
230
21
91
9
19
143
67
40
46
204
72
132
529
43
129
13
63
6
12
171
72
41
58
214
98
116
452
29
101
8
28
4
7
38
11
1
28
75
29
46
158
8
27
7
52
15
4
1
10
37
16
21
82
3
10
3
30
23
7
16
38
13
25
76
5
17
4
22
14
12
1
14
8
6
4
.....
.....
125
58
67
72
3C
42
63
28
25
216
56
97
68
212
87
125
637
29
119
10
101
3
17
105
22
87
26
118
42
76
334
19
67
4
61
2
11
111
34
40
37
94
45
49
303
10
52
6
40
1
6
186
97
49
40
166
55
111
321
50
69
11
71
3
16
95
50
24
21
83
27
56
167
24
44
8
35
2
10
91
47
25
19
83
28
56
154
26
25
5
36
1
6
45
6
39
25
1
1
1
44
33
2
31
54
6
14
2
12
27
1
38
19
■"19
27
^
1
1
...
24
6
1
5
59
1
2
2
29
7
1
■f
27
1
1
■ie
17
5
1
4
32
■i
2
13
4
2
2
2
130
8
2
65
65
4
14
9
5
8
9
1
2
31
■■'ii
1
2
13
2
70
5
42
1
1
2
32
2
25
"■38
3
17
1
1
3
8
3
3
■■5
11
12
13
14
2
1
1
.. .
—
1
29
29
62
178
45
2
150
43
2,409
293
62
350
il6
78
211
65
65
233
418
19
259
9
1
14
■■■■29
108
24
2
69
17
1,291
146
62
205
72
49
114
44
25
115
188
13
143
4
1
1
1
1
15
29
33
70
21
2
1
1
1
18
20
57
80
24
11
"■'si
34
14
7
20
26
46
10
4
3
9
58
5
2
6
25
1
2
3
3
33
4
1
1
18
1
3
""2
1
1
19
8
35
2
6
17
2
2
18
1
1
1
1
1
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
?1
1
1
1
12
3
440
71
1
42
4
1
4
2
240
40
1
3
2
81
26
1,11s
147
"■{45
44
29
97
21
40
118
230
6
116
6
16
1
1,714
293
49
244
89
18
140
35
107
186
208
11
279
9
1
856
127
49
128
42
13
65
26
33
106
90
7
149
7
1
1
121
38
1,912
314
39
301
23
14
170
5
43
209
378
7
180
5
58
22
937
144
39
171
11
9
83
3
11
11"
157
2
85
3
63
16
975
170
■"iso
12
5
87
2
32
92
221
5
95
2
14
6
1,151
156
26
196
79
27
94
10
86
127
114
50
158
1
9
2
632
65
26
121
33
16
60
36
73
65
27
100
5
4
519
91
1
1
8
1
200
31
■■■39
2
17
4
121
13
3
14
2
"7
49
3
3
3
2
10
4
72
10
"ii
858
166
15
3
98
21
11
5
9
52
5
11
2
3
46
16
■■■■3
6
47
35
12
110
47
5
75
9
74
SO
118
4
130
2
2
75
46
11
34
3
50
54
59
23
58
1
1
1
■""3
1
""2
4
5
3
20
8
1
11
3
3
.....
7
1
8
1
2
3
11
1
"■■3
73
25
2
63
78
4
56
59
16
"■36
31
2
48
14
9
2
33
47
2
8
11
1
8
13
10
2
24
1
7
■"i
8
4
■is
"4
1
7
7
6
2
9
1
?*'
??
35
2
6
3
35
"2
8
3
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
37
14
23
28
8
20
9
6
3
28
1
15
13
1
8
4
4
1
....
1
8
1
2
1
4
3
1
2
154
50
3
67
13
1
87
37
2
123
39
3
59
10
1
64
29
2
31
11
8
3
23
8
126
40
2
56
9
1
70
31
1
13
2
6
8
2
12
5
7
9
7
4
5
7
46
36
6
1,974
356
497
308
45
128
190
211
2
89
148
1,425
88
535
80
402
300
20
35
2
1,111
199
264
168
43
66
130
127
■■■■54
60
866
16
355
80
221
186
8
1
4
863
157
233
140
2
62
60
84
2
35
88
559
72
180
"■isi
114
12
32
6
1,321
244
369
222
32
110
69
93
1
75
106
671
8
228
26
232
164
13
31
2
737
131
204
121
31
57
45
67
■■"43
48
405
'■'139
26
131
103
6
i
4
584
113
165
101
1
53
24
36
1
32
58
266
8
89
■'■ioi
61
7
4
4
21
6
1,108
171
266
176
10
98
89
95
2
87
114
722
5
294
20
1
593
97
127
86
9
50
54
63
""54
53
429
3
196
i
5
515
74
139
90
1
48
35
32
2
33
61
293
2
98
1
699
164
212
144
10
9
54
69
3
1
431
101
132
85
7
6
41
41
48
2
53
2
3
34
2
3
2
19
49
50
■iT
591
109
100
73
9
17
119
111
n
41
681
23
302
53
I6S
128
7
338
66
47
40
8
8
83
65
■■■■9
12
449
16
211
53
89
78
2
253
43
53
33
1
9
38
46
1
2
29
232
7
91
■■■79
60
6
42
1
23
9
2
1
1
1
20
2
6
4
2
14
1
4
2
2
8
1
1
2
268
63
80
59
3
3
13
28
7
6
1
78
50
28
2
2
1
6
"e
1
SI
■14
21
2
16
1
4
4
166
9
2
11
■■"3
4
94
12
■■5
1
1
72
52
1
10
2S
1
10
24
55
1
6
1
4
■■""2
S6
S7
58
59
60
61
6''
3
1
65,
57
3
1
.....
10
27
385
22
137
22
117
:
7
11
251
12
103
21
59
54
2
3
16
134
10
34
1
58
31
6
7
10
4
5
4
2
2
6
8
6
2
1
1
2
2
80
52
65
15
S2
3
5
3
■■5
6?
64
65
2
4
1
3
1
1
232
179
12
125
101
4
107
78
8
32
2
28
1
i
1
1
1
1
I
66
67
1
1
27622°— 14 8
114
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 1910: SUMMARY
INSTITUTION.
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
MISSISSIPPI.
Total
Public:
East Mississippi Insane Hospital, Meridian..
State Insane Hospital, Jackson
MISSOUKI.
Total
Public:
State Hospital Number 1, Fulton
State Hospital Number 2, St. Joseph
State Hospital Number 3, Nevada
State Hospital Number 4, Farmington
Marion County Infirmary, Palmyra
St. C'harles County Asylum, St. Charles
St. Louis City Insane Asylum, St. Louis
St. Louis Poorhouse, St. "Louis
Private:
Alexian Brothers Hospital, St. Louis
The Burnett Private Sanitarium, Kansas City
Dr. C. R. Woodson's Sanitarium, St. Joseph
Ponton Sanitarium, Kansas City
The St. Vincent's Institution for the Insane, St. Louis.
MONTANA.
Total
Pablic:
Montana State Hospital for the Insane, Warm Springs.
NEBRASKA.
Total
Public:
Nebraska Hospital for the Insane, Asylum
Nebraska State Hospital. Ingleside
Norfolk State Hospital, Norfolk
NEV.VDA.
Total
Public:
Nevada Hospital lor Mental Diseases, Reno
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Total
Public:
New Hampsliire State Hospital, Concord
Rockingham County Farm, Epping
Private:
HigUand Spring Sanatorium, Nashua
NEW JERSEY.
Total
Public:
The New Jersey State Hospital, Greystone Park
New Jersey State Hospital, Trenton
.^tlantic County Asylum for Insane, Smiths Landing
Burlington County Hospital for the Insane, New Lisbon. . .
Camden County Hospital for the Insane, Grenloch
Cumberland Coimty Hospital for Insane, Bridseton
Essex County Hospital for the Insane, Cedar Grove
Gloucester County Almshouse and Asylum, Clarksboro. . . .
Hudson Coimty Hospital for the Insane, Secaucus
Passaic County Insane Asylum, Paterson
Salem County Almshouse, Woodstown
Private:
Bancroft Health Resort, Butler
Dr. Luther's Private Sanitarium, South Orange
Riverlawn Sanitorium, Paterson
The Wadsworth Sanitarium, Maplewood
NEW MEXICO.
Total
Public:
New Mexico Insane Asylum, East Las Vegas
NEW YORE.
Total
PubUc:
Binghamton State Hospital. Binghamton
Buflalo State Hospital, Buflalo
Central Islip State Hospital, Central Islip
Dannemora State H' spital, Dannemora
Gowanda State Homeopathic Hospital, Gowanda
Hudson River State Hospital, Pougtikeepsie
Kings Park State Hospital, Kings Park
Long Island State Hos]3ital, Brooklyn
Manhattan State Hospital, New York
Matteawan State Hospital, Fishkill on Hudson
Middletown State Homeopathic Hospital, Middietown
Mohansic State Hospital, Vorktown
Rochester State Hospital, Rochester
St. Lawrence State Hospital, Ogdensborg
Utica State Hospital, Ulica
WiUard State Hospital. Willard
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Enumerated on January 1, 1910.
Total.
1,978
536
1,442
e,168
1,104
1,341
1,191
586
5
25
693
737
92
40
27
26
301
697
569
1,146
275
230
230
909
876
28
6,042
2,056
1,342
90
164
237
138
1,2'
7
668
41
9
3
2
6
2
219
219
31,280
2,282
1,912
3,994
369
995
2,93'
3,11'
764
4,400
763
1,764
1,320
1,844
1,369
2,321
933
262
671
3,231
612
714
639
309
2
11
411
294
92
24
18
13
92
531
531
1,141
214
774
153
165
165
463
459
3
2,913
1,049
687
33
74
121
65
571
3
290
12
3
128
128
14,955
1,365
848
2,459
369
544
1,275
1,242
311
1,794
629
598
521
821
657
1, 130'
1,045
274
771
2,937
492
627
552
277
3
14
282
443
16
9
13
209
166
166
355
372
122
417
25
3,129
1,007
655
57
90
116
73
706
4
378
29
6
3
2
1
2
91
91
16,325
917
1,064
1,535
451
1,662
1,875
453
2,606
134
1,166
799
1,023
712
1,191
White.
Native.
1,112
526
586
4,550
713
1,044
1,081
500
4
13
437
385
67
40
24
25
217
285
285
1,145
336
629
180
92
92
611
25
3,542
1,147
872
62
133
161
101
695
7
344
15
4
2
5
2
170
170
16,701
1,414
1,023
1,504
176
SIS
1,790
1,53'
423
1,685
352
1,158
761
1,189
965
1,329
253
264
2,414
363
571
594
268
2
6
261
162
6:
24
15
13
68
207
207
634
119
415
100
64
64
321
317
3
1,814
605
445
19
59
85
47
362
3
179
5
1
96
%
8,455
• 790
496
989
176
262
875
735
207
801
297
478
325
575
473
673
s
SI
595
273
322
2,136
350
473
487
232
2
7
176
223
12
149
217
214
28
321
294
23
1,728
542
427
33
74
76
54
333
4
165
10
3
2
2
1
2
74
74
624
527
515
256
915
802
216
884
55
680
436
614
492
656
Foreign bom.
37
1,060
123
148
86
79
6
215
290
84
361
361
732
202
440
90
111
111
236
234
2
373
27
22
41
5
512
317
26
2
33
33
13,481
697
846
2,330
153
440
1,075
1,492
332
2,623
360
532
528
583
380
27
487
59
75
38
2
122
101
25
"■■3
"'24
283
283
79
303
51
81
81
121
121
914
389
176
10
12
19
109
7
1
25
25
5,913
454
333
1,360
153
259
375
•a
a
573
64
73
48
41
4
93
189
78
78
299
123
137
39
30
30
115
113
2
1,251
419
197
17
10
22
2
355
208
19
1
8
8
7,568
243
513
970
181
700
479 1,013
101
953
231
1,670
62
427
186 342
222 361
170; 210
141
64
24
7
99
Colored.
823
312
127
85
236
67
85
11
23
7
7
743
75
23
133
37
28
51
83
9
90
41
54
387
13
13
6
6
128
32
58
4
3
12
3
13
2
2
381
51
13
86
37
18
20
26
3
38
27
13
GENERAL TABLES.
115
BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued.
rasANE IN HOSPITALS— continued.
1
Admitted in 1910.
Discharged.
Died.
Transferred to —
ToU!.
White.
Colored.
Institu-
tions not
for the
insane.
Other hospitals for the
insane.
Native.
Foreign bom.
>
"3 a
Committed
prior to 1910.
Committed
in 1910.
1
1
i
1
i
•3
a
1
i
<a
a
3
<6
■3
.2
1
"3
1
ttJ
"3
a
Eh
-3
"3 1
a
"3
2
"3
g
i
Eh
a
1
3
■3
s
i
I
1
1
695
246
449
2,779
287
381
317
7
952
43
37
133
155
93
168
278
278
411
121
199
91
56
56
326
300
2
24
1,640
563
394
33
46
69
33
367
378
140
238
1,403
179
217
1S2
97
13
3
377
41
37
74
97
46
40
212
212
243
63
• 127
53
45
45
168
157
1
10
878
297
231
17
27
37
18
180
317
106
211
1,376
lOS
164
135
82
14
4
5T5
"w
58
47
128
66
66
168
58
72
38
11
11
158
143
1
U
762
266
163
16
19
32
15
187
408
211
167
1,961
213
326
299
162
13
6
547
14
22
238
136
102
1,017
131
182
168
89
6
3
237
14
22
170
105
65
944
82
144
131
73
7
3
310
8
4
4;
436
18
101
1?
2
5
3
2
162
11
7
5
7
1
3
1
2
274
3
4
9
1
2
1
1
205
18
14
9
1
3
277
133
141
376
151
225
1,217
140
241
74
106
2
6
170
2
16
118
118
88
136
120
120
147
15
100
32
34
34
142
117
196
77
119
64G
71
148
48
44
2
3
88
2
16
68
77
47
32
S9
89
90
11
61
18
26
26
66
57
180
74
106
571
69
93
26
62
3
82
""""so
41
41
104
31
31
57
4
39
14
8
8
76
60
237
46
191
685
127
132
125
73
1
95
69
5
12
8
6
31
72
72
174
48
107
19
21
21
146
141
4
1
602
171
137
18
22
43
21
114
111
29
82
402
62
87
65
48
1
1
69
39
5
5
7
3
10
60
60
110
27
76
13
13
13
80
78
1
1
344
101
72
8
11
25
13
75
126
17
109
283
65
45
60
25
1
1
I
2
277
J77
38
31
133
95
22
16
144
82
16
15
S
51
17
31
15
20
2
661
12
1
86
229
5
1
35
432
7
230
192
38
4
5
6
51
1
1
...
1
7
S
9
1
87
9
5
"""43
9
4
1
44
1
1
43
155
3
7
t
7
"i
42
129
3
4
5
5
3
1
"i
26
"3
1
1
4
9
10
312
19
15
92
17
15
220
2
6
1
26
30
2
30
1
14
1
16
144
397
1
3
5
1
10
131
45
1
3
4
1
3
13
352
.....
7
11
12
13
133
12
8
11
11
14
5
6
3
3
3
7
7
7
1
3
21
12
12
58
21
31
6
8
66
63
3
1
— -
1
14
110
S3
136
138
138
292
86
138
68
32
32
237
211
2
24
1,020
342
274
18
37
48
26
197
89
41
35
104
104
172
46
87
39
23
23
124
113
1
10
564
179
158
11
20
27
14
106
51
42
101
34
34
120
40
51
29
9
9
113
98
1
14
462
163
116
7
17
21
12
91
I
31
124
124
102
29
54
19
14
14
82
82
1
1
5
97
97
62
13
37
12
13
13
40
40
2
""'26
27
27
40
16
17
7
1
1
42
42
15
1
1
5
5
3
1
1
1
7
2
2
1
.....
6
6
1
1
3
3
2
1
.....
1
1
16
1
1
...
17
18
19
1
1
....
1
1
W
?1
m
?3
?4
?5
3
3
2
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
50
47
2
1
1
25
23
1
1
25
24
11
1
4
6
7
6
""3
3
6
5
1
1
3
1
26
27
2X
25
g42
290
210
16
20
30
12
184
9
420
142
121
6
13
16
8
78
16
422
154
89
10
ll
4
106
29
529
195
104
9
7
15
3
145
268
103
63
4
5
7
2
62
261
92
41
5
2
8
1
83
17
8
1
"■""i
7
68
18
15
6
2
6
3
18
36
11
9
2
2
3
1
8
32
7
6
4
.....
2
10
258
70
65
10
11
18
8
39
2
2
6
1
2
1
1
30
11
3?
1
1
33
34
1
1
1
1
35
1
1
2
4
2
3
"i
36
37
38
115
10
68
2
47
8
69
6
47
1
22
5
46
4
21
1
25
3
64
5
34
30
5
06
9
1
34
5
32
4
1
39
40
1
1
41
2
4
4
i
2
4
3
I
3
i
2
4
2
42
^
2
^
43
1
1
1
1
1
1
...
44
45
S4
8,530
422
487
1,586
65
180
620
960
304
1,355
98
339
14
381
424
361
236
60
CO
4,401
258
271
863
65
115
328
489
128
655
78
161
12
196
243
200
1 121
24
24
4,069
164
216
723
■■"05
292
471
176
700
20
175
2
185
181
161
115
66
66
4,672
295
312
543
27
130
410
472
142
480
46
217
5
274
33b
277
200
47
47
2,504
180
179
310
27
81
225
250
64
241
37
112
3
137
193
158
102
19
19
2,168
115
133
233
""49
185
222
78
239
9
105
2
137
143
119
98
13
13
3,638
114
172
908
30
46
193
479
156
829
42
114
9
105
78
83
32
10
10
1,837
72
90
515
30
33
94
235
61
388
33
49
9
57
43
42
1;
3
3
1,801
42
82
453
2
2
15
2
.....
3
3
205
11
3
73
8
3
17
9
6
46
8
8
1
1
109
4
2
36
8
.....
4
3
26
6
3
2
2
96
7
1
37
.....
8
5
3
20
2
5
28
28
3,882
126
298
/56
14
105
261
351
128
641
47
132
1
110
183
182
68
20
20
1,998
76
151
436
14
06
145
178
60
294
39
58
1
51
103
108
38
8
8
1,884
50
147
320
■"""39
116
173
68
347
8
74
39
39
2,743
139
146
450
8
70
280
306
136
410
18
100
32
32
1,499
86
81
293
8
45
147
151
50
217
16
42
7
7
1,244
53
65
157
""25
133
155
86
193
2
58
44)
47
14
14
...
635
6
8
156
2
326
4
1
42
2
309
2
7
114
243
3
1
55
143
1
'ie
100
2
1
39
48
49
50
51
13
13
...
52
13
99
244
95
441
9
65
1
"■"2
5
2
23
14
59
5
1
14
9
48
"i
9
5
11
53
....
....
...
10
88
67
224
1
9
3
79
25
1.33
1
3
7
9
42
91
54
55
56
57
58
6
6
1
6
1
...
SO
60
48
35
41
1 15
.....
.....
2
7
1
1 2
2
5
.....
.....
1
1
59
80
74
30
140
128
115
189
82
66
61
100
58
62
54
89
1
1
1
6
1
5
61
1
2
1
?
""i
2
2
m
63
...
i
1
&t
116
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 1910: SUMMARY
46
INSTITUTION.
NEW YOEK— Continued.
Private:
Bloomingtlale Hospital for Insane, White Plains
Breezehurst Terrace, Whltestone
Brigham Hall, Canandaigua
Dr. Bond 's House, Yonkers
Dr. Oombes's Sanitarium, Corona (P. O. Flushing).
Dr. Kellogg's House, Riverdale
Dr. MacDonald's House, Central Valley
Dr. Parson's Retreat, Ossining
Glenmary, Owego
Interpines, Goshen
Knickerboclier Hall, Amity ville
The Knolls (West Hill), Riverdale
The Long Island Home, Amity ville
Marshal] Sanitarium, Troy
Providence Retreat, Buffalo
River Crest Sanitarium, Astoria
Riverine \v Sanatoriuni, Fishkill on Hudson
St. Vincent's Retreat, Harrison
Sanford Hull, Flushing
Vernon House, Bronxville
Waldemere, Mamaroneck
NORTH CAROLINA.
Total
Public:
State Hospital, Goldsboro
State Hospital, Morganton
State Hospital ( DLx Hill), Raleigh
State Hospital for Dangerous Insane, Raleigh.
Private:
Broadoaks Sanatorium, Morganton
Dr. Carroll's Sanitarium, Asheville
NORTH DAKOTA.
Total
Public:
State Hospital for Insane, Jamestown.
OHIO.
Total
Public:
Athens State Hospital, Athens
The Cleveland State Hospital, Cleveland
Columbus State Hospital, Columbus
Dayton State Hospital, Dayton
Longview Hospital, Cincinnati
Massillon State Hospital, Massillon
Toledo State Hospital, Toledo
Private:
The Cincinnati Sanitarium, College Hill
Dayton Sanitarium, Dayton
The Dr. C. E. Sawyer Sanatorium, Marion. . .
Fair Oaks Villa Sanatorium, Cuvahoga Falls.
The McMillen Sanitarium. Shep'ard
The Oxford Retreat, O.xford
OKLAHOMA.
Total
Public:
Oklahoma Hospital for the Insane, Supply. .
Private:
The Duke Sanitarium, Guthrie
Oklahoma Hospital for the Insane, Norman.
OREGON.
Total
Public:
Oregon State Insane Asylum, Salem
PENNSYLVANIA.
Total
Public:
The Dixmont Hospital, DLxmont
Pennsylvania State Lunatic Hospital, Harrisburg
The State Asylum for Chronic Insane of Permsylvania, Wer-
nersviile.
The State Hospital fi^r the Insane, Danville
State Hospital for the Insane (men), Norristown
State Hospital for the Insane (women), Norristown
State Hospital for the Insane, Warren
Allegheny County Hospital for the Insane, WoodvlUe
Blair County Hospital for the Insane, Hollidaysburg
Chester County Hosnital for iho Insane, Embreeville
Cumberland C'ounty Hospital for Insane, Carlisle
Hillside Home, Clarks Summit
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Enumerated on Jan, 1, 1910.
Total.
337
22
56
2
43
4
17
2
18
10
12
11
S5
59
122
115
is'
36
5
4
2,522
668
1,193
57S
50
028
628
10,59-1
1,336
1,44"
1,743
1,195
1.2S4
1.571
1,79(5
82
9
14
40
20
5
1,110
471
11
628
1,565
1,565
9
1,169
851
1,486
1,305
1,441
1,329
652
207
266
87
441
158
7
24
1
18
1,032
255
456
265
40
4o;
4o:
,615
684
809
962
611
638
830
974
35
5
9
19
11
2
051
29?
7,919
54'
582
648
783
1,305
700
382
116
143
42
236
179
15
32
1
25
4
11
1
14
48
36
89
61
2
107
21
3
1
1,490
413
73
313
10
15
2
221
221
4,979
652
63S
7S1
584
641
735
822
459
172
6
281
47'
477
7,139
428
587
203
703
1,441
629
270
91
123
45
205
White.
Native.
283
18
51
1
24
4
15
1
17
10
11
11
63
52
78
78
2
119
33
3
3
1,185
574
24
23
10
190
190
8,142
1,229
701
1,529
1,043
821
1,125
1,493
74
7
11
34
19
56
832
397
871
871
9,947
644
990
4S0
1,103
940
970
1,033
348
182
184
2521
128
7
21
1
12
753
454
262
21
120
120
4,311
624
407
835
551
417
589
799
4
6
16
10
22
497
254
4
239
559
559
5,218
342
485
362
555
940
539
202
102
91
40
133
I5S
11
30
1
7
37
32
56
43
2
119
19
2
1
1,063
731
312
3
15
2
605
294
694
492
404
536
694
43
3
5
34
335
143
312
312
4,729
302
505
118
970
494
146
80
93
38
119
Foreign bom.
407
407
63
672
118
78
391
289
264
591
591
4,226
229
143
299
298
380
283
282
24
30
3
183
26;
263
28
36:
69
24
ISS
167
150
4
1
56
28
445
445
2,238
151
80
220
175
298
156
166
13
20
2
100
144
144
35
305
49
54
203
122
114
4
1
14C
146
380
12-
116
11
10
1
83
25
25
189
38
127
13
Colored.
26
370
44
36
95
71
68
30
26
162
2
1
159
274
255
19
6
6
210
32
21
58
34
31
19
15
GENERAL TABLES.
117
BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued.
INSANE IN
HOSPITA LS — continued .
Admitted in 1910.
Discharged.
Died.
Transferred to—
Total.
Wiite.
Colored.
Institu-
tions not
tor the
insane.
Other hospitals for the
insane.
Native.
Foreign born.
a
3
♦J .
> %
.-
Committed
prior to 1910.
Committed
in 1910.
"3
1
.2
s
3
.2
i
•3
1
1
.2
1
1
•3
S
1
1
ca
"3
1
1
"3
B
P
1
6
1
1
1
03
1
a
.2
a
"3
aj
a
2
""2
1
4
"3
a
4
1
"2
122
10
51
4
91
2
3
60
6
26
3
30
3
62
4
25
1
61
2
97
5
45
3
47
2
2
49
3
22
2
16
2
48
2
23
1
31
2
25
5
4
1
44
U
3
I
14
14
2
1
73
2
39
1
71
4
3
29
1
20
1
25
2
44
1
19
26
2
9
18
2
3
s
6
4
■■■■5
3
1
1
6
1
2
1
6
1
2
6
•^
4
30
46
4
1
8
3
5
2
2
■i
f
1
1
1
f
6
10
6
17
39
65
66
140
3
1
"■"io
19
26
19
63
3
9
6
7
20
29
37
77
5
9
5
16
33
44
39
86
2
1
9
IS
21
13
42
3
8
5
7
15
23
26
44
1
1
1
1
5
11
17
54
1
.....
1
5
6
21
...
2
6
1
3
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
8
4
11
2
••••j
2
3
1
4
.....
1
.....
3
7
1
1
1
1
<i
1
1
If
11
9
26
30
44
121
4
12
15
12
54
5
13
15
32
67
2
8
14
5
13
2
6
8
3
3
4
9
16
5
14
2
5
9
3
10
2
4
7
2
4
r
4
6
11
33
1
1
2
6
2
10
n
14
If
If
r
72
11
1
2
916
22S
33S
257
13
66
24
224
224
3,33fi
280
478
434
227
358
481
689
162
26
69
119
49
74
743
66
48
639
590
590
4,499
226
275
43
32fi
287
238
365
300
91
72
20
157
5
i
435
103
170
117
12
23
10
142
142
1,932
150
290
253
130
202
295
356
88
. 14
23
65
25
41
440
37
35
368
447
447
2,527
159
166
33
ISl
287
■■■223
187
60
38
12
96
72
6
1
1
481
125
16S
140
1
33
14
82
82
1,404
130
188
181
97
156
186
233
74
12
36
64
24
33
303
19
13
271
143
143
1,972
67
119
10
146
■■'238
142
113
31
34
,S
61
66
10
1
1
670
4
i
319
56
6
1
361
16
1
""i
15
1
46
4
i
46
3
11
6
1
4
1
11
2
4
2
.....
4
1
1
2
"i
1
1
1h
It
?f
1
8
5
1
3
?i
2
236
228
1
Ill
103
1
125
125
463
95
129
167
8
60
14
60
60
1,855
135
212
260
6
176
275
374
138
24
54
104
42
56
459
41
34
384
303
303
2,147
104
49
•4
135
112
116
211
162
58
37
1
91
202
34
53
82
8
18
7
38
38
1,060
72
134
152
3
93
172
220
76
15
23
53
20
27
269
23
24
222
201
201
1,172
74
30
3
70
112
"126
106
37
21
1
66
261
61
76
85
32
7
22
22
795
63
78
108
3
82
103
154
62
9
31
51
22
29
190
18
10
162
102
102
976
30
19
1
65
'"iie
91
56
21
16
'""25
214
88
71
1
4
115
50
36
24
2
3
99
38
35
24
1
1
75
25
50
8
2
6
r
7?
332
254
6
56
22
89
89
2,601
257
269
356
191
244
354
492
146
24
57
98
47
66
612
51
19
542
353
353
2,989
140
248
23
260
2m
164
300
153
69
47
16
102
166
115
6
23
10
60
60
1,488
136
164
212
104
132
215
295
82
13
21
63
26
36
357
33
13
311
257
257
1,690
97
143
16
143
203
■"'ise
94
41
22
10
5S
166
139
1
33
12
29
29
1,113
121
105
144
87
112
139
197
64
11
36
46
22
30
265
IS
6
231
96
96
1,299
43
106
7
117
■■"i64
114
59
28
25
6
44
4
2
3
2
1
1
1
71
22
49
?■«
2
...
2
?.'
7
7
?f
2
2
10
10
15
1
2
6
6
6
1
6
2
4
?'
2
124
124
574
7
195
50
21
82
102
81
16
2
2
9
2
5
37
3
1
33
199
199
1,266
68
20
14
69
67
61
61
140
16
5
1
65
75
75
336
5
117
26
13
61
60
49
6
1
2
3
.....
26
3
1
22
159
159
704
52
7
11
36
67
"1
13
3
1
3S
2
49
49
238
2
78
24
8
31
42
32
10
1
?'
6
6
47
4
4
1
3
3
10
7
5
5
114
12
10
27
12
29
15
9
2
2
74
9
5
15
10
16
11
8
3
3
40
3
5
12
2
13
4
1
53
53
1,147
130
136
164
134
150
153
228
16
3
6
13
6
11
155
30
118
153
163
1,537
103
94
18
106
97
122
131
102
32
2S
12
31
39
39
n3
65
77
108
79
102
92
168
11
1
3
10
2
6
94
19
5
70
119
119
835
70
56
12
70
97
■■■'so
62
21
11
4
12
14
14
434
65
58
56
55
48
61
70
5
2
2
3
3
6
61
11
2
43
34
34
702
33
38
6
36
4
4
9
2
2
48
1
2
2
27
1
21
?c
3f
7
3
4
31
r
3S
1
34
3f
1
...
3f
3-
1
1
1
1
31
3
3
19
2
3
8
10
3
3
12
"2
3
6
1
1
7
2
1
5
4
2
2
3fl
4r
1
1
2
1
1
....
"2
1
1
2
7
1
2
1
1
.....
"■"2
1
1
2
3
1
41
6
2
2
11
.....
40
40
562
16
13
3
23
■"61
26
51
3
2
"v
12
4'
43
3
33
2
28
5
2S
28
57
13
5
3
7
2
44
61
36
25
4G
4(]
2
69
10
10
187
5
7
2
34
10
10
100
4
6
'"25
87
1
1
3
1
2
47
1
44
44
6
36
35
4
1
9
9
2
Af
2
2
86
2
2
48
38
4fl
.Tf
85
25
47
25
38
51
51'
5.1
54
2
14
6
4
7
3
18
3
.....
■"2
4
3
11
1
2
2
3
.....
5."!
m
122
51
40
11
17
8
19
6
7
1
.....
1
6
5
1
4
1
1
3
1
57
Sfl
.5(
(V
1
1
1
1
1
61
69
6'
118
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 1910: SUMMARY
INSTITtmON,
PENNSYLVANIA-Continued.
Public— Continued.
Lancaster County Hospital, Lancaster
Luzerne County Hospital for Insane, Iletreat
Potter County Home and Asyluin, Coudersport
Somerset County Home and Hospital for the Insane, Somerset
Schuylkill Couiity Almshouse, Schuylkill Haven
Philadelphia Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia
Pittsburgh City Home and HospitaL Boyce Station
Pittsburgh North Side City Home, Hoboken
Private:
Burn Brae Hospital, Clifton Heights
The Easton Sanitarnim, Easton
Friends Asylum for the Insane, Philadelphia
Innwood Sanitarium (Stonyhurst), West Conshohocken
Pennsylvania Hospital for the Insane, Philadelphia
St. Francis Hospital, Pittsburgh
RHODE ISLAND.
Total
PubUc:
State Hospital for the Insane, Howard
Private:
Butler Hospital, Providence
SOUTH CAROLINA.
Total
Public:
State Hospital for the Insane, Columbia
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Total
PubUc:
Asylum for Insane Indians, Canton
South Dakota State Hospital, Yankton
TENNESSEE.
Total
Public:
Central Hospital for Insane, Nashville
Eastern Hospital for Insane, Bearden
Western Hospital for Insane, Bolivar
Davidson County Hospital, Nashville
Hamilton County Hospital, Chattanooga
Shelby County Poor and Insane Asyliun, Memphis
Sullivan County Asylum for the Poor, Blountville
TEXAS.
Total
Public:
North Texas Hospital for the Insane, Terrell
Southwestern Insane Asylum, San Antonio
State Lunatic Asyliun, Austin
Private:
Arlington Heights Sanitarium, Fort Worth
Dr. Moody's Sanitarium, San Antonio
UTAH.
Total
Public:
State Mental Hospital, Provo
VERMONT.
Total
PubUc:
Vermont State Hospital for the Insane, Waterbury
Private:
Brattleboro Retreat, Brattleboro
Lakeview Sanitarimn, Burlington
VIRGINIA.
Total
Public:
Central State Hospital, Petersburg
Eastern State Hospital, Williamsburg
Southwestern State Hospital, Marion
Western State Hospital, Staunton
WASHINGTON.
Total
Public:
Eastern Washington Hospital for the Insane, Medical Lake.
Western Washington Hospital for Insane, Fort Steilaeoom.
WEST VIRGINIA.
Total :
Public:
Second Hospital for Insane, Spencer
West Virginia Asyliun, Huntington
West Virginia Hospital for the Insane, Weston
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Enumerated on Jan. 1, 1910.
259
6S9
36
100
111
2,174
597
212
32
14
171
21
434
1,243
1,101
142
1,541
1,541
864
GO
804
642
515
679
224
56
83
S
4,053
1,851
757
1,377
22
40
342
342
990
672
402
16
3,635
1,340
674
580
1,041
696
1,291
505
235I
9821
128
330
18
62
71
1,085
317
117
19
1
60
180
47
650
585
65
708
708
32
503
311
2C0
326
97
27
34
2
2,087
959
376
716
14
22
171
171
528
300
220
8
1,779
63;
339
294
509
1,325
472
853
271
124
505
131
259
18
38
40
1,089
280
95
13
13
111
21
234
52
593
516
77
833
833
28
301
331
255
353
127
29
49
3
892
381
661
171
171
462
272
182
8
1,856
703
335
286
532
662
224
438
234
111
477
White.
Native.
244
251
28
92
57
1,016
253
113
32
14
162
21
379
79
772
642
130
885
885
421
1,679
558
438
519
110
19
30
5
2,961
1,501
552
847
20
41
183
183
791
429
352
10
2,217
629
574
1,014
1,005
405
600
476
220
606
123
154
13
56
37
570
141
61
19
1
57
160
35
425
363
62
375
375
249
839
273
227
260
52
9
16
2
763
205
426
13
20
95
95
408
185
6
121
97
15
36
20
446
114
52
13
13
105
21
219
44
347
279
68
510
510
172
840
285
211
259
68
10
14
3
1,474
738
287
421
7
21
383
211
167
5
310
290
599
257
342
632
245
118
319
284
625
406
148
258
670
231
102
337I
Foreign bom.
10
312
49
937
284
94
431
419
12
5
5
355
479
139
202
131
2
5
155
155
176
122
274
640
103
28
9
66
3
161
5
6
31
418
143
55
204
201
3
2
2
240
'246
109
90
74
74
109
72
34
23
4
20
670
201
7
151
3
2
18
519
141
39
227
218
9
3
3
125
125
184
40
93
41
1
3
73
171
15
36
G
201
Colored.
5
214
45
5
649
649
473
77
74
137
97
37
51
578
208
1
369
1,341
1,340
32
HO
1
329
329
188
35
31
55
32
18
17
288
103
1
184
637
1
GENERAL TABLES.
119
BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued.
INSANE IN
HOSPITALS— continued.
Admitted in 1910.
Discharged.
Died.
Transferred to—
Total.
White.
Colored.
Institu-
tions not ]
for the ,
insane.
Other hospitals for the
insane.
Native.
Foreign born.
Committed
prior to 1910.
Committed
in 1910.
1
s
1
1
.S
a
1
.2
1
.2
a
B
1
1
■i
1
E-
a
_q5
"a
1
S
s
■3
a
1
3
.2
"3
a
1
3
.2
94
125
9
24
55
901
188
65
25
10
115
2
205
281
490
378
112
646
646
204
5
199
932
162
205
254
72
109
130
60
69
4
14
29
475
127
38
18
4
29
'"'"98
130
267
211
56
338
338
129
3
126
512
90
117
137
40
66
62
34
56
5
10
26
426
61
27
7
6
86
2
107
131
223
167
56
308
308
75
2
73
420
72
88
117
32
43
68
87
67
7
17
31
427
82
38
22
10
96
• 1
169
210
320
224
96
315
315
124
56
41
4
9
16
249
53
24
17
4
25
■■■"83
94
175
123
32
163
163
76
31
26
3
8
15
178
27
14
5
6
71
1
86
116
145
101
44
152
132
48
6
55
2
6
22
379
76
24
3
4
26
■"■"4
13
181
•53
13
1
2
29
2
2
9
198
21
11
2
""2
.....
1
61
62
4
5
24
371
77
31
17
7
73
12
134
189
281
206
75
336
336
77
75
2
570
111
125
159
39
71
65
35
32
3
5
16
188
50
17
12
1
26
""'"59
88
133
117
36
180
180
46
46
347
69
76
94
20
51
37
26
30
1
8
183
27
14
5
6
47
12
75
101
128
89
39
156
156
31
29
2
223
42
49
65
19
20
28
22
51
2
12
5
379
64
32
3
11
I
3
186
37
20
2
10
19
1
4
2
193
27
12
1
1
1
3
1
5
20
2
2
1
2
12
1
1
"3
8
1
J
""2
4
9
1
•
1
1
91
21
3
42
10
1
49
11
2
7
3
2
5
3
f
1
t
1
1
c
2
13
"■""5
2
8
If
19
4
13
19
1
46
25
136
112
24
297
297
81
74
7
245
43
51
76
22
30
21
4
'"'"26
15
76
64
12
150
150
54
50
4
119
23
27
36
12
13
6
15
1
26
10
60
48
12
147
147
27
24
3
128
20
24
40
10
17
15
10
1
21
16
21
11
10
1
1
1
1
2
"is
13
12
9
3
1
1
1
8
1
8
3
9
2
7
1
1
r
36
71
160
144
16
1
1
72
15
36
85
81
4
1
1
48
21
33
73
63
12
2
1
6
13
9
1
8
2
9
3
1
2
4
6
6
ir
u
2
2
8
8
5
3
3
3
1,
If
1
330
330
6
5
1
236
14
13
75
29
51
74
174
174
3
3
114
3
7
38
14
25
25
156
156
3
2
1
142
9
6
37
16
26
49
I
1
24
2
2(
2
124
638
147
190
175
42
55
49
76
384
84
108
96
25
39
32
48
274
63
82
79
17
16
17
72
14
1
2
3
1
3
4
48
10
1
2
2
1
2
2
24
4
2
4
2
7
2
5
3
3
8
6
2
2,
1
1
2.
1
1
1
?<
2-
2
"■3
2
4
....
2
3
4
4
3
3
1
1
?!
2
2
2<
3(
1,479
387
479
399
78
136
103
103
270
142
128
796
227
273
■189
34
73
66
66
150
83
67
683
160
206
210
44
63
37
37
120
69
61
1,179
344
377
263
76
119
73
73
230
118
112
630
202
209
124
33
62
44
44
126
67
59
549
142
168
139
43
57
29
29
KM
31
33
149
100
23
2
17
29
29
311
21
13
94
5
64
13
1
11
22
22
21
13
8
35
2
36
10
1
6
7
15
8
7
11
1
2
8
140
35
67
20
73
15
753
248
91
250
31
113
.54
54
153
6S
85
414
150
59
120
22
63
37
37
S8
44
44
339
98
32
130
29
SO
17
17
63
24
41
367
145
93
100
15
14
37
37
110
52
58
210
93
48
54
6
9
19
19
62
31
31
157
52
45
46
9
5
18
18
48
21
27
3
2
1
32
20
1
3
16
9
1
2
16
11
.....
28
18
10
3
3
1
1
3.
105
47
58
<f
1
2
1
1
12
15
9
9
3
6
3
1
8
4
4
3
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
1
3
3
6
5
1
3
2
1
3
3
1
3
4
1
4
4
1,234
453
287
226
288
884
253
631
495
164
75
256
691
241
160
138
152
609
178
431
266
96
36
134
543
212
107
88
136
275
75
200
229
68
39
122
759
436
323
16
9
7
6
453
453
241
241
212
212
538
158
88
148
144
470
123
347
272
84
38
150
287
82
49
94
62
315
84
231
145
53
19
73
251
76
39
54
82
155
39
116
127
31
19
77
421
199
74
43
105
220
74
146
174
45
30
99
239
109
40
26
64
168
69
109
98
27
15
56
182
90
34
17
41
52
15
37
76
18
15
43
2
1
1
4.
4^
234
221
284
448
131
297
411
148
66
197
133
134
149
286
99
187
211
84
34
93
101
87
135
162
32
110
200
64
32
104
10
2
4
395
90
305
27
16
1
10
4
2
3
288
68
220
20
12
1
7
6
.....
107
22
85
7
4
■■3
3
3
4,
i
1
4
4
11
6
5
25
30
6
24
32
24
5
19
20
6
1
5
12
1
1
4f
4
5f
3
5
1
1
1
...
1
5
5'
8
17
1
1
1
...
...
1
5;
32
20
12
5
5
5'
120
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 1.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS, 1910: SUMMARY
DJSnTDTION.
raSANE IN HOSPITALS.
WISCONSIN.
Total
Public:
The Northern Hospital for the Insane, Winnebago
The State Hospital for Insane, Mendota
Brown County Asylum, Green Bay
Chippewa County Asylum, Chippewa
Clark County Poorhoiise, Neiisville
Columbia County Asylum, Wyocena
Dane County Insane Asylum, Verona
Dodge County Insane Asylum, Juneau
Douglas County Asylum and Poor Farm, Superior (Itasca
Station).
Dunn County Asylum , Menomonie
Eau Claire Coimty Asylum, Eau Claire
Fond du Lac County Asylum, Fond du Lac
Grant County Asylum for Chronic Insane, Lancaster. ,
Green County Asylum, Monroe
Iowa County Hospital for the Insane, Dodgeville
Jefferson County Insane Asylum, JclTerson
La Crosse County Insane Asylum, West Salem
Manitowoc County Asylum. Manitowoc
Marathon County Asylum^ Wausau
Marinette Coimty Insane Asylum, Marinette
Milwaukee County Asylum, Wauwatosa
Milwaukee Hospital for Insane, Wauwatosa'
Monroe County Insane Asylum, Sparta
Outagamie County Insane Asylum, Appleton
Racine Coimty Insane Asylum, Racine
Richland County Asylum, Richland Center ,
Rock Coimty Insane Asylum, Janesville
St. Croix County .^^ylurn for the Chronic Insane, New Rich-
mond.
Sauk County Farm, Reedsburg
Sheboygan County Chronic Insane Asylum, Sheboygan
Trempealeau County Insane Asylum, Whitehall
Vernon County Insane .\sylum, Viroqua
Walworth Coimty Asylum", Elkhom
Washington County Asylum for Chronic Insane, West Bend,
Waukesha County Asylum for Insane. Waukesha
Waupaca County Asylum, Weyauwega
Winnebago County Asylum for Chronic Insane, Winnebago.
Private:
Alexian Brothers Hospital, Oshkosh
The Milwaukee Sanitarium, Wauwatosa
The Oconomowoc Health Resort, Oconomowoc
The Pennoyer Sanitarium, Kenosha
The Riverside Sanitarium, Milwaukee
Waldheim Park, Oconomowoc ,
Waukesha Springs Sanitarium, Waukesha
WYOMING.
Total
Public:
Wyoming State Hospital for the Insane, E vanston
Enumerated on January 1, 1910.
Total.
6,587
635
621
123
144
2
91
155
119
110
122
143
148
120
101
127
125
137
184
197
154
234
623
65
139
170
122
149
150
108
182
125
120
100
126
140
137
188
27
36
14
7
IS
11
38
162
162
385
382
61
96
4
82
66
70
60
83
79
68
51
72
80
66
114
113
99
127
318
41
78
91
76
80
81
64
lo:
70
64
56
73
81
80
102
27
25
5
3
6
1
13
105
105
a
<B
250
239
62
48
2
44
73
53
40
62
60
69
52
50
55
45
71
70
84
55
lo;
305
24
61
79
46
69
White.
Native.
3,396
383
362
56
45
1
53
82
65
21
52
51
95
75
66
85
62
64
89
73
51
83
316
43
58
93
84
90
5:
54
53
60
69
6:
58
108
17
33
14
7
11
9
3.1
212
195
2
29
23
42
36
14
23
30
50
47
34
43
40
27
51
41
32
43
15:
27
34
52
50
44
31
41
43
30
23
30
40
40
31
54
1
22
5
3
2
1
12
a
1,568
in
16;
29
16
1
30
40
2"
2r
21
45
28
32
42
22
27
38
32
19
40
159
16
24
41
34
46
2C
20
46
24
30
30
29
2;
Foreign born.
3,095
248
255
66
97
1
36
70
64
86
70
91
49
41
33
41
60
78
90
119
95
148
300
10
1,861
169
183
34
65
22
3'
30
55
3
52
26
19
16
29
37
38
59
70
65
82
159
14
43
39
26
35
46
23
64
39
39
23
33
40
49
48
10
3
1,234
32
32
1
14
33
24
31
33
39
23
22
1
12
23
40
31
49
30
66
141
8
33
37
12
23
41
IS
29
31
26
11
24
31
65
Colored.
1 To be treated as a county institution although it is partly under state control.
GENERAL TABLES.
121
BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued.
iNSAirE IN HOSPITALS— continued.
Admitted in 1910.
Discharged.
Died.
Transferred to—
Total.
White.
Colored.
Institu-
tions not
for the
insane.
Other hospitals for the
insane.
Native.
Foreign born.
Committed
prior to 1910.
Committed
in 1910.
5
o
i
a
1
"3
o
Eh
"3
a
1
•1
a
i
E-i
1
1
a
"a
Eh
1
a
"3
i
Eh
7
4
1
■3
a
6
3
1
"3
S
(S
2
1
3
•3
a
"3
a
"3
Eh
oj
OS
a
64
20
14
3
a
&
41
6
17
1
2,558
582
538
16
13
1,514
390
313
9
8
1,044
192
225
7
5
1,624
360
358
12
4
909
228
202
6
2
715
132
156
6
2
894
219
178
4
9
574
159
109
3
6
320
60
69
1
3
30
10
3
2
8
3
2
2
1,123
310
243
4
4
1
3
1
651
200
144
3
2
i
1
472
110
99
1
2
1
2
490
69
54
7
9
299
55
29
6
5
191
14
25
2
4
590
215
215
3
1
339
123
136
3
251
92
79
.....
105
26
31
1
1
2
3
4
■)
6
17
26
43
56
6
43
12
16
13
10
24
11
23
27
30
71
277
8
17
30
12
17
11
12
28
15
9
21
13
30
18
27
16
148
70
11
15
30
25
6
20
8
9
8
5
22
7
8
15
20
37
158
5
9
19
6
15
9
10
13
12
5
14
7
11
7
16
16
77
35
6
11
13
31
""23
4
7
5
5
2
4
15
12
10
34
119
3
8
11
6
2
2
2
15
I
7
6
19
11
11
"'71
35
14
14
28
18
2
21
10
12
10
6
8
8
14
9
14
30
152
4
13
17
10
8
7
9
15
9
5
15
8
15
12
15
10
126
67
8
8
19
9
2
8
7
7
5
3
6
5
3
7
9
17
83
2
8
9
4
7
6
7
6
6
3
8
5
7
4
9
10
62
32
6
6
9
9
""is
3
5
5
3
2
3
11
2
5
13
69
2
5
8
6
1
1
2
9
3
2
7
I
8
6
""64
35
3
12
15
37
4
20
2
4
3
4
15
2
9
18
14
39
124
4
4
13
2
9
4
2
12
6
4
5
5
15
6
12
6
20
2
3
7
11
16
4
11
1
2
3
2
15
2
5
8
10
19
74
3
1
10
2
8
3
2
6
6
2
5
2
4
3
■i
6
10
11
9
9
11
6
7
7
6
6
11
6
19
9
16
63
2
14
13
9
5
7
6
10
7
2
10
3
7
11
11
2
3
7
6
6
6
2
3
5
4
3
7
3
12
8
8
40
7
9
4
4
5
4
3
2
2
4
2
6
8
6
4
7
4
3
3
5
4
4
2
2
3
4
3
7
1
8
23
1
7
4
6
1
2
2
7
5
3
3
7
5
4
21
8
2
1
2
1
1
1
ft
1
1
8
4
4
in
11
9
1
2
2
1
1
2
5
1
6
2
1
5
2
i
1
1
1?
n
1
1
...
14
15
2
• •4
10
4
20
50
1
3
3
1
1
2
1
1
16
1
1
""2
3
1
2
17
5
5
5
1
3
129
1
6
3
1
4
1
1
73
3
2
4
1
2
56
1
3
1
18
iq
6
6
?0
2
2
?1
2
73
1
7
1
1
38
1
7
1
35
??
1
1
9
...
n
?4
M
1
?R
3
1
1
1
11
2
2
2
5
2
2
1
1
1
8
2
1
2
3
2
1
3
i
2
?7
1
1
""e
9
9
4
6
1
3
3
8
1
1
1
28
?<»
1
1
1
...
I
in
31
4
3
1
15
.....
1
5
4
2
??
2
""3
11
3
5
33
1
6
1
1
3
5
34
10
3S
1«
37
2
2
3
1
2
38
3<»
7
2
133
64
69
35
64
29
3
5
2
1
1
4
1
1
2
2
2
.....
6
2
2
4
2
40
1
1
41
42
96
28
78
42
42
61
10
33
. 30
30
35
18
45
12
12
63
23
69
24
24
37
7
26
16
16
26
16
43
8
8
14
5
9
15
15
9
3
11
11
5
2
2
4
4
19
62
7
82
18
18
37
2
34
12
12
25
6
48
6
6
7
4
3
11
11
7
1
2
6
6
4
2
2
19
3
15
1
4
2
43
3
1
5
5
44
45
1
1
2
2
2
2
46
47
122
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 2.— NUMBER OF STATE, COUNTY OR CITY, AND PRIVATE HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE; NUMBER OF INSANE
1910; AND THE AVERAGE NUMBER OF
DIVISION OK STATE.
hospitals for the insani
: 1910.
INSANE
ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS
IN 1910.
Total.
PubUc.
Private.
InaU
hospitals.
In public hospitals.
In
private
hospitals.
State.i
County
or city.
State.
County
or city.
1
United States
366
143
105
118
187,791
159,096
21,146
7,549
Geographic divisions:
2
46
77
88
67
36
17
12
12
11
19
24
26
22
18
10
7
9
8
1
22
40
30
7
4
26
31
22
15
11
3
5
2
3
19,580
52,380
41,246
22,683
19,952
9,759
8,413
3,574
10,204
18,176
42, 105
31,087
19,375
18, 181
9,340
7,463
3,257
10,112
28
8,362
9,366
2,102
792
368
1,376
1,913
793
1,206
979
51
950
189
92
3
Middle A tlantic
4
East North Central
5
West North Central
fi
7
East South Central
S
West South Central
q
1
128
in
Pacific
New England:
11
2
3
3
23
2
13
37
15
25
13
8
13
10
44
6
34
13
1
2
3
8
1
17
1
4
3
6
1
2
1
6
7
2
2
1
3
3
5
1
2
1
4
1
1
1
1
2
1
8
2
1
1
12
1
2
16
2
6
5
7
6
2
5
4
4
1
2
3
3
1
2
1
4
3
4
1
1
1
3
3
2
2
1
2
1
3
1
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
1
5
1,258
909
990
11,601
1,243
3,579
31,280
6,M2
15,058
10,594
4,527
12,839
6,699
6,587
4,744
5,377
6,168
628
864
1,990
2,912
441
3,220
2,890
3,635
1,722
2,522
1,M1
3,132
849
3,538
2,204
2,039
1,978
1,092
2,158
1,110
4,053
697
388
162
1,199
219
337
342
230
1,9S7
1,565
6,652
1,258
876
572
11,310
1,101
3,059
30,151
3,398
8,556
9,088
4,312
10,585
5,846
1,256
4,737
4,122
4,222
628
864
1,990
2,812
441
1,532
2,890
3,635
1,722
2,489
1,541
3,082
849
3,487
1,836
2,039
1,978
1,092
1,915
471
3,985
697
388
162
882
219
337
342
230
1,987
1,565
6,560
1?
1
1
2
11
1
11
21
4
6
6
2
4
3
7
1
4
5
28
5
418
291
142
520
1,129
13
771
222
26
76
318
151
7
613
486
u
Vermont
14
Massachusetts
IS
Rhode Island
Ifi
17
Middle Atlantic:
New York
18
New Jersey
9
13
1
1
2
1
35
2,631
5,731
1,284
189
2,178
535
5,180
iq
?n
East North Central: '
Ohio
?i
Indiana
?.?.
w
Michigan
?A
?.5
West North Central:
?fi
26
4
642
1,460
S7
?8
M
South Dakota
3n
31
100
3?
South Atlantic:
SI
Maryland .. -
7
8
792
896
14
35
Virginia
36
37
2
33
38
31
1
50
4n
41
East South Central: "
3
51
4?
4
368
43
Alabama
44
45
ArVan^a'5
4fi
T-nnisiana
1
2
2
243
639
68
47
48
41
Mountain:
5(1
51
Wyoming, . , . .
.5?
1
2
12S
189
53
54
Arizona . . .
55
Utah
5fi
57
Wa'jhingtnTl
5S
59
3
92
1 Includes the United States Government Hospital for the Insane in the District of Columbia and the United States Asylum for Insane Indians in South Dakota.
GENERAL TABLES.
123
ENUMERATED IN EACH CLASS OF HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1,
INMATES AND ADMISSIONS PER HOSPITAL.
1910, AND NUMBER ADMITTED DURING THE YEAR
INSANE ENUMEEATED IN HOSPITALS IN 1910— Continued.
INSANE ADMITTED TO
HOSPITALS DUHINO 1910.
Average number per hospital.
To all
hospitals.
To public hospitals.
To private
hospitals.
Average number per hospital.
In all
hospitals.
In public hospitals.
In private
hospitals.
State.
County
or city.
To all
hospitals.
To public hospitals.
To private
hospitals.
State.
County or
city.
State.
County or
city.
513
1,113
201
64
60,769
4i,873
7,579
7,317
166
321
72
62
1
426
680
469
339
554
674
701
298
928
957
1,754
1,196
881
1,010
934
1,066
362
1,264
28
380
234
70
113
92
53
62
36
80
89
17
190
95
31
6,986
14,689
13,191
7,459
6,725
3,685
2,968
1,623
3,463
5,956
10,549
8,921
5,124
5,601
3,265
1,9.36
1,254
3,267
2
2,774
2,821
1.078
322
311
1,028
1,346
1,449
1,257
802
109
1,032
98
198
152
191
150
111
187
217
247
135
315
313
440
343
233
311
327
277
139
408
2
126
71
38
46
78
40
43
66
84
73
36
206
49
65
t
i
128
27i
271
i
n
629
303
330
504
622
275
845
403
602
815
566
988
670
LiO
791
158
474
628
432
663
364
441
189
2,890
909
574
420
1.541
1,566
849
590
315
1,020
' 989
1,092
719
370
811
697
194
162
300
219
337
342
230
994
1,565
832
629
876
572
943
1,101
1,530
1,884
1,699
1,426
1,515
862
1,512
974
628
947
1,031
1,056
628
432
663
937
441
766
2,890
909
574
622
1,541
3.082
849
1,162
612
1,020
989
1,092
958
471
1,328
697
194
162
882
219
337
342
230
994
1,565
1,312
509
326
270
4,236
490
1,155
8,530
1,640
4,499
3.336
1,270
4,053
1,974
2,558
1,425
1,511
2,779
224
204
411
905
127
1,273
597
1,234
495
918
646
1,112
325
1,227
932
831
695
255
491
743
1,479
278
203
42
722
84
135
103
56
884
590
1,989
509
300
142
3,941
378
686
7,832
957
1,760
2,489
1.141
2,647
1,524
1,120
1,405
1,019
1,164
224
204
411
697
127
346
597
1.234
495
836
646
995
325
1,118
621
831
695
255
360
56
1,265
278
203
42
353
84
135
103
56
884
590
1,793
255
109
90
184
245
89
231
109
160
257
159
312
197
58
238
44
214
224
102
137
113
127
75
597
309
185
153
646
556
325
205
133
416
348
255
164
248
296
278
102
42
181
84
135
103
56
442
590
249
255
300
142
328
378
343
490
479
293
415
228
378
254
560
281
255
291
224
102
137
232
127
173
597
309
165
209
646
995
325
373
207
416
348
255
180
56
422
278
102
42
353
84
135
103
56
442
590
359
1
28
5
209
28
142
47
54
3
129
37
13
19
106
22
7
153
97
2
24
128
295
112
469
698
10
638
4.89
87
198
239
438
20
443
586
2
24
64
27
112
43
33
3
106
82
44
50
80
62
20
111
117
1
1
1
1
1
1
292
441
1,284
189
1.089
535
148
673
2,101
358
42
1,208
211
1,002
75
162
358
42
604
211
29
1
1
2(
2
2
2.
2^
?
25
365
49
1.029
2
257
2t
2
9
?<
3
20
208
42
3
3
113
112
322
605
46
76
3.
3
1
3
1
3f
17
80
40
3
3
50
117
117
3<
4(
17
109
36
4
92
311
78
4'
4'
:::::::::::::::::::::::::
4"
4
243
320
34
131
687
214
isi
344
107
4f
4'
4f
4<
5f
51
128
95
271
98
271
49
5:
51
5=1
5?
5f
5'
•Sf
31
196
65
5<
124
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 3.— INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED
DIVI3I0K OE STATE.
INSANE
ENUMEBATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUAEY 1,
1910.
Aggregate.
■White.
Total.
Native.
Total.
Native parentage.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
1
United States
187,791
98,695
89,096
174,224
91,617
82,607
115,402
60,644
54, 758
67,531
35,238
32,293
Geographic diyisions:
o
19,580
52, ."SO
41, 246
22,683
19,952
9,759
8,413
3,674
10,204
9,647
25,787
22,118
12,659
10, 372
4,939
4,337
2,308
6,528
9,933
26,593
19,128
10,024
9,580
4,820
4,076
1,266
3,676
19,243
50,811
40, 24/
22,032
14,634
7,220
6,816
3,409
9,752
9,472
24,964
21,531
12,270
7,745
3,709
3,556
2,241
6,129
9,771
25,847
18,716
9,762
6,889
3,511
3,260
1,228
3,623
12,386
30,190
25,992
14,304
12, 804
6,897
5,827
1,905
5,097
6,446
15, 487
13,720
7,784
6,531
3,525
2,996
1,159
2,996
5,940
14,703
12,272
6,520
6,273
3,372
2,831
746
2,101
7,115
15,024
13,485
7,564
9,960
6,457
4,544
1,187
2,195
3,521
7,533
7,041
4,238
5,205
3,295
2,315
OSS
1,405
3,594
7,491
6,444
3,326
4,765
3,162
2,229
602
790
1
Middle Atlantic
4
East North Central
■i
6
Rniith AHftntin.
7
8
West South Central
9
in
Pacific
New England:
11
1,258
909
990
11,601
1,243
3,579
31,280
6,042
15,058
10,594
4,527
12,839
6,699
6,587
4,744
5,377
6,168
628
864
1,990
2,912
441
3,220
2,890
3,635
1,722
2,522
1,541
3,132
849
3,538
2,20i
2,039
1,978
1,092
2,158
1,110
4,063
697
388
162
1,199
219
337
342
230
1,987
1,565
6,652
693
403
528
5,633
650
1,680
14,955
2,913
7,919
4,615
2, 235
6,846
3,679
3,743
2,755
2,896
3,231
407
535
1,141
1,694
237
1,569
2,170
1,779
900
1,032
708
1,531
446
1,968
1,057
981
933
529
1,070
651
2,087
531
256
105
6S7
128
265
171
165
1,325
1,083
4,115
565
446
462
5,968
593
1,899
16,325
3,129
7,139
4,979
2,292
5,993
3,020
2,844
1,989
2,481
2,937
221
329
849
1,218
204
1,651
720
1,856
822
1,490
833
1,601
403
1,570
1,147
1,058
1,045
563
1,088
459
i;966
166
132
57
512
91
72
171
65
662
477
2,537
1,253
902
982
11,378
1,212
3,516
30,537
5.806
14, 468
10,224
4,396
12,472
6,599
6,556
4,712
5,304
5,856
622
801
1,968
2,769
353
2,807
2,235
2,294
1,612
1,828
892
2,163
460
2,968
1,731
1,366
1,155
941
1,452
94S
3,475
680
377
158
1,165
212
327
338
212
1,955
1,513
6,284
690
457
526
5,520
635
1,644
14,574
2,785
7,605
5,405
2,167
6,611
3,621
3,727
2,731
2,855
3,040
401
602
1,128
1,613
188
1,375
1,771
1,141
845
758
379
1,046
243
1,653
869
641
546
457
728
572
1,799
520
246
103
668
126
257
169
152
1,299
1,037
3,793
563
445
456
5,858
677
1,872
15,963
3,021
6,863
4,819
2,229
5,861
2,978
2,829
1,981
2,449
2,816
221
299
840
1,156
165
1,432
464
1,153
767
1,070
513
1,108
217
1,315
862
725
609
484
724
376
1,676
160
131
55
497
86
70
169
60
666
476
2,491
1,072
642
791
6,831
772
2,278
16,701
3,542
9,947
8,142
3,601
6,991
3,862
3,396
1,923
3,840
4,650
190
421
1,145
2,235
264
2,300
1,566
2,217
1,302
1,816
886
2,122
333
2,786
1,679
1,320
1,112
903
1,131
832
2,961
285
226
86
706
170
167
183
92
1,005
871
3,221
596
321
408
3,580
425
1,116
8,455
1,.S14
5,218
4,311
1,772
3,732
2,077
1,828
1,063
2.029
2,414
120
249
634
1,275
142
1,157
1,170
1,089
632
753
375
1,031
182
1,562
839
607
517
433
579
497
1,487
207
137
52
383
96
125
95
64
599
559
1,838
476
321
383
3,251
347
1,162
8,246
1,728
4,729
3,831
1,829
3,259
1,785
1,668
860
1,811
2,136
70
172
511
960
122
1,143
395
1,128
670
1,063
510
1,091
151
1,224
840
713
595
470
552
335
1,474
78
89
34
323
74
32
88
28
406
312
1,383
904
516
581
3,386
383
1,345
7,448
2,222
5,354
5,349
1,954
3,389
1,716
1,077
614
1,979
2,149
43
324
629
1,826
127
1,821
1,101
2,185
788
624
884
2,118
252
2,475
1,645
1,260
1,077
831
413
514
2,786
34
124
59
565
152
83
153
17
466
490
1,239
503
269
287
1,621
215
636
3,667
1,098
2,768
2,794
926
1,812
953
556
355
1,026
1,212
33
186
423
1,003
77
937
852
1,080
406
296
374
1,030
153
1,393
823
677
502
387
216
319
1,393
25
62
36
319
87
64
79
13
288
346
771
401
257
294
1,765
168
709
3,781
1,124
2,686
2,555
1,0-28
1,577
763
521
269
953
937
10
138
206
823
60
884
309
1,105
382
328
510
1,088
99
1,082
822
683
675
444
197
195
1,393
9
62
23
246
65
19
74
4
178
144
468
1?
New Hampshire
13
14
Massachusetts
If)
16
Connecticut
17
Middle Atlantic:
New York
IS
19
Pennsylvania
'>n
East Noeth Centeal:
Ohio
■>)
no
Illinois
'I
''4
Wismnsin
''S
West Nokth Centeal:
Mjnnp.^nt.^,
?6
■T
Missouri
9S
oq
South Dakota
in
Nebraska
11
K'anifi.s...
1*'
SoTTTH Atlantic:
Delaware
33
14
District of Colombia
3-1
Virginia
3fi
West Virginia
37
38
Rnnth Carnlin;^
39
Georgia
40
Florida
41
East South Centeal:
4'
Tennessee.
43
44
Alabama
Miwis-sippi
4'i
West South Central:
Arknn<;a<!
45
47
Oklahnma
4S
Texas
49
MotraTAiN:
W
Idaho
■il
Wyoming . .
■i?
">?
New Mexico
'i4
IS
Utah
ifi
•lY
PAcmc:
Washington .
■iS
59
California
GENERAL TABLES.
BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
125
INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910 — Continued.
White — Continued.
Native — Continued.
Fore-'gn or mixed
parentage.
Total.
28, 186
4,264
10,820
6,712
3,713
882
291
366
192
940
84
112
2,828
314
S40
7,675
1,0S2
2,069
994
233
2.0S5
1,296
2,101
1,039
1,374
844
68
85
42
261
75
365
375
5
36
7
202
29
60
49
151
20
146
305
152
483
Male.
15,415
2,373
5,629
3,706
2,041
561
149
193
130
508
46
43
65
1,017
172
430
3,945
586
1,098
588
129
1,178
712
1,159
552
742
460
41
65
23
168
34
200
298
4
17
3
108
11
30
174
103
291
Female.
12, 771
1,891
5,197
2,940
1,C72
321
142
168
62
372
40
41
47
1,211
142
410
3,730
496
971
406
104
907
584
945
487
632
384
27
30
19
93
41
165
77
1
19
4
60
131
49
192
Parentage unknown.
Total.
19,685
1,007
4,340
5,795
3,027
1,962
149
917
526
1,962
617
75
93
1,578
238
2,524
1,799
1,414
1,517
850
215
270
487
1,557
79
12
474
148
62
114
29
27
478
,185
1
109
5
23
567
298
29
229
62
13
87
17
41
4
73
234
229
1,499
Male.
9,991
552
2.325
2,913
1,505
765
81
483
344
1,023
47
19
56
342
38
SO
843
130
1,352
929
717
742
412
113
156
261
742
40
8
188
104
31
20
20
5
209
454
1
10
299
166
168
45
10
26
9
33
3
SO
137
110
776
Fe-
male.
455
2,015
2,882
1,522
1,197
68
434
182
939
35
23
42
275
37
43
735
108
1,172
870
697
775
438
102
114
226
815
33
4
286
44
31
94
9
22
269
731
48
13
268
132
21
97
119
723
Foreign bom.
Total.
54,096
6,639
19,872
12,151
7,133
1,475
282
720
1,422
4,402
126
236
176
4,461
431
1,209
13,481
2,165
4,226
1,893
567
4,103
2,493
3,095
2,725
1,320
1,060
407
305
732
524
66
476
668
70
103
9
5
31
47
151
48
46
37
33
130
479
361
150
65
385
33
162
155
111
914
591
2,897
Male. [Female.
28,415 25,681
2,911
9,065
6,750
4,125
1,001
169
439
993
2,962
3,728
10, 807
401
3,008
474
113
281
429
1,440
66 {
121
109
1,894
204
517
5,913
914
2,238
1,003
291
2,185
1,410
1,861
1,635
734
487
263
240
433
333
36
198
599
47
20
68
56
295
283
109
45
250
25
126
74
81
670
445
1,847
60
115
67
2,567
227
692
7,568
1,251
1,988
890
276
1,918
1,083
1,234
1,090
586
673
144
125
299
191
30
278
69
23
34
6
3
17
14
13
62
22
184
78
41
20
135
8
36
81
30
244
146
1,050
Nativity unkno^m.
Total.
4,726
218
749
2,104
595
355
41
269
142
253
29
355
99
295
189
228
1,378
244
65
64
144
246
25
15
91
10
23
31
2
7
207
3
2
80
5
191
38
35
36
51
166
Male.
2,558
115
412
1,061
361
213
15
121
89
171
206
57
149
91
104
694
134
38
33
92
139
18
13
61
6
10
20
2
S
144
2
Fe-
male.
2,168
30
30
33
108
103
337
1,(M3
234
142
26
148
53
82
149
42
146
124
684
110
27
31
62
107
7
2
30
6
1
110
19
18
Negro.
Total.
314
1,520
970
579
5,308
2,537
1,531
57
94
3
6
7
207
30
61
701
236
583
369
131
361
87
22
29
73
311
4
2
21
139
413
648
1,340
109
694
&19
979
388
570
472
673
822
151
705
128
547
Male.
6,536
159
782
570
346
2,617
1,229
742
32
69
2
5
2
101
15
34
347
128
307
210
58
230
52
10
21
41
190
4
1
12
77
49
194
392
637
54
274
329
486
202
315
188
340
386
72
341
62
267
Fe-
male.
6,374
155
738
400
233
2,691
1,308
789
25
35
1
1
5
106
15
27
354
108
276
159
63
131
35
12
32
121
39
219
256
703
65
420
320
493
186
255
284
79
364
66
280
7
4
3
1
16
15
1
2
1
1
2
4
Indian.
Total.
Male.
90
Fe-
male
28
Other colored.
Total.
491
2
32
33
345
17
40
288
Male.
13
35
9
5
8
1
22
28
331
10
40
275
Fe-
male.
1
10
10
126
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 4.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE,
10
PmSION OR STATE.
United States...
Geographic divisions:
New Ensjland
Middle Atlantic
East North Central..
West North Central.
South A tlantic
East South Central..
West South Central.
Mountain
Pacific
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Peimsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa t
Mis,souri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
Oregon
CaUfomia
INS.iNE admitted TO HOSPIT.ILS IN 1910.
Total.
60,769
6,9«0
14,609
13.191
7, 459
6,725
3,685
2,96.S
1,623
3,463
509
326
270
4,236
490
1,155
8,530
1,640
4,499
3,336
1,270
4,053
1,974
2,558
1,425
1,511
2,779
224
204
411
905
127
1,273
597
1,234
495
916
646
1,112
325
1,227
932
831
695
255
491
743
1,479
278
203
42
722
84
135
103
£6
884
590
1,989
Male.
34,116
3.632
7,866
7,548
4,180
3,730
2,069
1,622
1,134
2,335
248
168
150
2,206
267
593
4,461
878
2,527
1,932
672
2,319
1,111
1,514
866
863
1,403
142
129
243
534
78
677
426
691
266
435
338
623
196
735
612
444
378
152
234
440
796
212
155
30
462
60
104
66
45
609
447
1,279
Female.
26,653
3,354
6,803
5,643
3,279
2,995
1,616
1,346
489
1,128
261
158
120
2,030
223
562
4,069
762
1,972
1,404
598
1,734
863
1,044
659
648
1,376
82
75
168
371
49
596
171
643
229
481
308
489
129
492
420
387
317
103
257
303
683
66
48
12
260
24
31
37
11
275
143
710
White.
Total.
Total.
56, 182
6,862
14,209
12,867
7,180
4,820
2,732
2,609
1,577
3.326
507
326
268
4,1.38
482
1,141
8,325
1,672
4,312
3,222
1,223
3,920
1,954
2,548
1,417
1,499
2,602
219
198
408
837
104
1,143
444
7S1
463
6S0
316
717
172
1,054
676
584
418
222
366
682
1,339
273
200
40
703
81
129
102
49
854
580
1,892
Male.
31,646
3,566
7,621
7,347
4.021
2,731
1,599
1,430
1.106
2,222
246
168
148
2,154
262
588
4,352
842
2,427
1,858
648
2,238
1,097
1,506
860
856
1,308
140
126
242
492
64
612
349
460
246
324
164
416
106
634
398
322
245
135
162
404
729
210
152
28
463
59
99
66
39
585
437
1,200
Female.
24,636
3,296
0.588
5, 520
3, 156
2,0S9
1,133
1,179
471
1,104
261
158
120
,984
320
563
3,973
730
1,885
1,364
575
1,682
857
1,042
557
643
1,294
79
72
166
345
40
531
95
331
217
356
152
301
66
420
278
262
173
87
204
278
610
63
48
12
250
22
30
36
10
143
692
Total.
Total.
4,369
8,687
9,203
5,070
4,417
2,637
2,321
1,006
1,919
41S
237
230
2,409
320
755
4,672
1,026
2,989
2,601
1,077
2,680
1,321
1,624
671
1,203
1,961
89
124
292
730
79
981
357
759
411
670
315
701
144
1,005
658
566
408
216
314
612
1,179
138
123
24
484
66
66
73
32
448
353
1,118
Male.
22,190
2,315
4,758
5,113
2,828
2,478
1,534
1,260
686
1,218
204
124
126
1,291
175
395
2,604
564
1,690
1,488
556
1,423
737
405
672
1,017
60
76
172
426
48
529
276
436
211
319
163
406
90
602
384
310
238
130
143
367
630
16
308
47
55
44
23
257
675
Female.
17,439
2,054
3,929
4,090
2,242
1,939
1,103
1,061
320
701
214
113
104
1,118
145
360
2,168
462
1,299
1.113
521
1,157
684
715
266
531
944
29
48
120
304
31
452
81
323
200
351
152
295
54
403
274
256
170
86
171
255
649
34
34
8
176
19
11
29
9
162
96
443
Native parentage.
Total.
24,534
2,609
4,708
6,216
2,826
3,471
2,284
1,978
568
876
379
189
174
1,266
176
436
2,210
652
1,946
1,864
810
1,317
691
533
193
664
1,190
25
76
81
597
72
702
276
746
195
334
315
687
144
688
636
556
404
206
127
528
1,117
48
62
17
288
58
44
33
18
252
138
486
Male.
1,337
2,606
2,889
1,605
1,994
1,326
1,084
392
559
636
97
226
1,221
312
1,073
1,067
407
718
383
324
119
3S5
636
14
45
66
350
44
400
213
429
109
162
163
394
90
415
371
306
236
122
65
301
596
35
47
13
187
42
38
19
11
162
101
296
Female.
10, 742
1,272
2,102
2,326
1,221
1,477
958
894
176
316
196
91
76
621
78
210
989
240
873
807
403
699
308
209
74
279
654
11
31
25
247
302
63
317
86
182
152
293
54
273
265
251
169
84
62
227
621
13
15
4
101
16
6
14
7
90
37
189
GENERAL TABLES.
NATIVITY, PAEEKTAGE, AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
127
INSANE ADMITTED TC
HOSPITALS IN
1910— continued.
White— Continued.
Negro.
Indian.
Other colored.
Native— CJontinued.
Foreign born.
Nativity unknown.
Foreign or mixed
parentage.
Parentage unknown.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
10,685
5,996
4,689
4,410
2,402
2,008
15,523
8,838
6,685
1,030
618
412
4,384
2,304
2,0S0
51
32
19
152
134
18
1,523
3,472
3,077
1,560
215
84
91
166
497
852
1,861
1,738
862
126
57
51
117
332
671
1,611
1,339
698
89
27
40
49
165
237
607
911
684
731
269
262
272
547
126
291
486
301
.358
151
125
177
327
111
216
425
323
373
118
127
95
220
2,43s
6,433
3,365
1,790
352
85
230
515
1,315
1,225
2,809
2,035
1,026
227
55
140
388
933
1,213
2,624
1,330
764
125
30
90
127
382
55
89
299
320
51
10
58
56
92
26
54
199
170
26
10
30
32
71
29
35
100
150
25
"'28'
24
21
102
439
304
260
1,900
950
343
29
57
53
227
186
142
995
468
179
16
38
49
212
118
lis
905
482
164
13
19
22
17
11
7
4
3
7
9
72
13
17
^?
3
2
6
8
68
9
......
......
1
1
1
4
4
9
12
1
1
5
7
1
3
4
5
9
8
8
7
4
7
2
4
1
1
27
35
47
996
124
294
2,371
326
775
592
111
829
531
1,014
446
480
424
45
43
25
97
6
151
38
4
1
3
17
18
24
669
66
158
1,232
1S3
446
356
55
480
300
547
268
264
198
31
29
20
52
3
75
32
3
1
1
10
17
23
427
58
136
1,139
143
329
236
56
349
231
467
178
216
226
14
14
5
45
3
76
6
1
2
12
13
9
157
21
25
91
148
268
145
156
434
99
77
32
59
347
19
5
186
36
1
128
43
9
215
333
4
8
4
87
12
11
51
69
171
75
94
225
54
38
18
23
183
15
2
%
24
1
54
31
4
101
166
8
5
5
70
9
14
40
79
97
70
62
209
45
39
14
36
164
4
3
90
12
74'
12
5
114
167
75
82
36
1,714
160
371
3,638
529
1,266
574
116
1,190
591
894
681
271
436
124
72
102
104
23
158
85
16
27
8
1
13
21
45
14
18
8
6
38
37
149
124
74
15
187
13
59
29
14
395
199
721
37
40
21
856
85
186
1,837
268
704
336
74
713
338
574
449
166
162
75
48
62
64
IS
82
72
9
20
6
1
9
14
28
10
12
5
5
15
26
94
97
62
11
133
10
40
22
13
288
159
486
38
42
15
858
75
185
1,801
261
562
238
42
477
253
320
232
105
274
49
24
40
40
8
76
13
7
7
3
14
7
2
15
2
15
15
17
57
47
30
150
42
30
65
25
205
6
2
14
3
2
4
2
6
25
2
5
4
1
7
2
7
11
10
33
34
18
102
22
23
6
18
129
5
2
8
2
1
1
1
5
15
9
3
1
8
....„
4
7
24
13
12
48
20
7
59
7
76
1
1
1
3
1
1
10
2
2
2
1
1
2
78
8
12
189
67
183
110
47
127
16
4
5
11
175
3
1
2
63
23
129
150
453
32
236
330
394
153
173
256
247
274
33
125
48
137
4
1
2
40
5
4
96
35
96
71
24
75
12
4
4
6
94
i"
37
14
65
74
241
20
111
174
206
90
101
114
122
131
17
72
26
64
2
1
1
38
3
8
93
32
87
39
23
52
4
1
5
81
3
1
1
26
9
64
76
212
12
125
156
188
63
72
142
125
143
16
53
22
73
2
20
12
8
1
1
2
12
1
4
4
1
12
1
4
3
1
1
1
4
1
3
1
1
1
fi
?
6
6
■>
4
5
2
2
3
1
2
2
1
?
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2
2
?
1
2
5
1
1
""2
3
......
1
2
?
2
1
?■
1
4
4
3
1
2
""2
1
3
1
1
3
1
1
3
•^
12
11
1
2
1
1
4
7
17
4
6
3
1
23
U
55
27
12
4
54
3
19
7
1
107
40
235
3
7
4
4
1
2
4
4
2
5
1
1
1
66
8
10
46
6
5
20
2
5
251
14
141
7
110
7
4
4
4
4
3
150
62
37
53
54
2
138
8
6
2
9
40
117
390
3
2
63
40
20
44
38
1
76
5
4
1
9
29
84
214
1
1
87
22
17
9
16
1
63
3
2
1
11
33
176
2
2
3
2
1
4
7
37
22
25
37
7
5
58
6
16
16
14
25
4
2
46
1
22
6
11
12
3
3
12
4
14
33
11
11
3
1
32
2
4
4
21
5
I
1
12
2
4
10
12
6
2
2
4
9
7
2
4
3
3
3
1
4
4
1
1
4
2
2
»
2
2
,>>
20
17
2
4
8
1
3
9
1
1
2
I
1
1
1
1
7
"2
6
1
1)
16
38
S
156
98
243
13
24
3
95
72
165
3
14
2
61
26
78
fV
1
1
1
■i
3
11
28
53
3
11
21
39
......
14
1
11
2
44
1
7
2
29
4
5
12
8
52
5
11
8
49
1
""3
S(
5
15
1
1
5
128
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 5.— FOREIGN-BORN WHITE INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY
COUNTRY OF BIRTH, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
DIVISION OE STATE.
United States...
GEOGKApmc divisions:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central.
West North Central.
South Atlantic
East South Central.
West South Central.
Mountain
Paciflc
New England:
Maine
New Hampsliire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio
Indiana
Iliinjis
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
SotnH Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
Oregon
CalUomia
foreign-born white insane enumerated in hospitals on JANUARY 1, 1910.
54,096
6,639
19,872
12,151
7,133
1,475
282
720
1,422
4,402
126
236
176
4,401
431
1,209
13,481
2,165
4,226
1,893
567
4,103
2,493
3,095
2,725
1,320
1,060
407
365
732
524
66
476
668
70
103
9
5
31
47
151
48
46
37
33
130
78
479
361
150
65
385
33
162
155
111
914
591
2,S97
Number bom in-
Austria-
Hun-
gary.
3,477
118
1,574
890
431
84
10
96
96
178
945
159
470
231
19
370
6S
202
129
83
54
23
17
42
23
113
Canada.
English. French
2,777
799
4C4
844
273
37
2
U
87
260
42
41
48
591
55
22
406
14
44
61
17
138
503
135
118
39
23
42
11
13
27
46
128
England
and
Wales.
972
548
120
151
20
76
34
363
17
38
HI
3
6
3,706
603
1,384
688
323
139
11
39
159
360
5
21
16
406
60
95
773
188
423
133
34
223
191
107
81
56
223
France.
44
210
88
45
20
7
26
17
157
162
14
34
16
16
125
Ger-
many.
13,517
411
4,792
4,291
2,129
449
116
223
208
5
7
201
16
182
3,245
591
956
836
310
1,273
559
1,313
665
515
494
45
65
277
168
19
193
168
17
34
4
1
6
7
34
19
164
135
128
635
Ireland.
13,174
2,890
6,630
1,411
693
409
76
75
229
761
33
5S
36
2,051
186
520
4,703
689
1,238
319
79
601
230
182
177
134
241
11
22
57
51
21
139
209
8
14
1
2
Italy.
1,829
Norway,
Sweden,
and Den-
mark.
6,442
200
1,045
159
45
42
8
33
63
234
4
2
11
128
13
42
137
219
10
25
17
192
305
658
1,953
2,465
59
12
44
278
668
6
9
6
179
18
87
465
59
134
37
31
812
303
770
1,364
369
38
225
173
185
111
270
105
293
Poland
1,312
112
601
436
62
321
54
226
44
12
171
110
99
10
Russia.
3,121
275
1,514
583
292
97
19
25
57
259
5
3
198
15
48
126
300
11
192
205
97
135
17
29
27
34
24
26
83
67
109
Scot^
land.
849
144
308
134
66
26
5
14
47
105
170
48
90
Switz-
erland.
752
199
210
108
24
11
12
36
126
129
38
32
GENERAL TABLES.
129
Table 6.— FOREIGN-BORN WHITE INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY COUNTRY OF BIRTH,
BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
' FOKEIGN-BOEN WHITE INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
DIVISION OR STATE.
Total.
Number bom in —
Austria-
Hun-
gary.
Canada.
England
and
Wales.
France.
Ger-
many.
Ireland.
Italy.
Norway,
Sweden,
and Den-
mark.
Poland.
Russia.
Scot-
land.
Switz-
erland.
Other
English.
French.
tries.
15,523
1,402
1,030
266
1,148
146
3,105
2,833
863
1,587
429
1,518
297
196
703
Geographic divisions:
2,438
5,433
3,365
1,790
352
85
230
515
1.315
74
710
325
110
29
3
22
47
82
376
156
236
96
13
1
5
34
113
172
20
35
22
2
i'
7
7
232
399
221
85
37
6
13
42
113
16
46
31
8
5
4
8
1
27
122
999
1,054
491
95
27
60
66
191
778
1,229
330
181
61
13
23
75
143
107
512
78
16
16
3
11
38
82
120
186
4.39
506
11
3
8
72
242
.=6
159
141
32
16
2
3
2
IS
209
724
262
130
36
9
7
33
108
73
89
49
24
4
3
4
24
27
4
45
51
43
1
3
1
9
39
99
Middle Atlantic
159
1' ast Kort li L entral
113
46
South Atlantic
26
Fast South Central
8
64
Mountain
Pacific
65
123
New England:
75
82
36
1,714
160
371
3,638
529
1,266
574
116
1,190
591
894
681
271
436
124
72
102
104
23
158
85
16
27
8
1
13
21
45
14
IS
8
6
38
37
149
124
74
15
187
13
59
29
14
395
199
721
26
20
14
278
30
8
137
6
13
21
6
45
116
48
48
13
7
16
3
5
4
1
3
4
2
1
1
19
19
3
119
1
11
19
i"
2'
3
18
12
15
4'
1
i'
1
i'
1
3
7
3
165
28
26
211
56
132
55
12
73
51
30
17
8
28
6
2
8
16
3
11
7
5
3
2
i"
1
10
3
1
33
3
10
6
3
8
8
6
2
6
2"
1
i
i'
3
i
1
2
1
59
9
50
694
104
201
222
41
308
120
363
115
94
191
15
18
31
27
3
50
22
2
10
4
s
19
6
592
46
107
842
130
257
73
14
155
53
35
31
29
98
3
4
9
4
28
24
1
3
4
2
60
10
28
349
47
116
18
3
48
5
4
5
2
7
i'
1
7
4
3
3
i'
1
43
ii'
89
18
52
12
7
64
32
26
16
7'
3
2
2
2
2
10
3
7
2
3
145
4
43
524
47
153
29
5
99
69
60
69
8
23
20
5
3
2
1
23
6
1
2
3
1
1
55
7
6
55
10
24
11
1
15
15
7
3
S
8
2
1
1
4
i'
1
1
1
1
22
4
47
402
68
240
95
11
122
12
85
32
12
29
8
4
18
7
1
14
7
3
3
87
7
18
140
17
29
10
3
200
42
184
313
73
11
44
27
20
IS
3
24
10
11
10
3
16
5
17
8
7
13
2
3
2
8
1
76
11
Connecticut
10
Middle Atlantic;
119
Kew Jersev
13
27
East Xorth Central:
12
InHimia
5
34
45
17
West North Central:
9
Iowa
18
4
4
South Dakota.
3
3
'K'prTs^'i
5
South Atlantic:
Marvland
4
6
7
4
1
1
1
West Virginia.
4
1
2
1
1
1
1
5
2
2
2
2
2
15
9
1
2
3
6
11
40
18
14
1
23
1
3
3
1
54
32
105
1
3
8
2
1
6
1
4
1
3
1
7
East South Central:
Kentuclcv
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
2
1
i'
Alabama. .
3
2
1
7
4
U
22
8
2
1
1
2
5
Mississippi
1
1
3
4
1)
13
5
6
15
1
West South Central:
1
3
1
12
6
i'
3"
2
5
6
9
4
1
21
1
1
5
6
1
1
i'
6
1
4
J
3
1
2
1
9
5
63
1
2
1
6
4
i'
4'
6
nHfthnma, , .
2
4
14
4
2
11
4
Texas
8
24
9
2
24
3
2
54
Moi-NTAtN:
Mnntiina
1
7
1
Colorado .
S
1
4
3
37
2
3
2
1
34
17
92
5
2
16
5
Arizona
4
4
7
5
1
115
42
85
2
4
4
1
7
6
14
2
1
4
8
27
29
Utah
2
3
43
18
52
I
5
2'
4
PACmc:
Washington
Oregon
California
31
12
39
35
20
58
5
5
17
6
2
10
35
25
48
12
7
104
27622°— 14-
130
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 7.— INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE AT ENUMERATION,
BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
INSANE ENUMERATED
IN HOSPITALS ON
JANUAKT
1, 1910.
DinSION OK STATE.
Total.
Age at enumeration.
Under
15
years.
15 to 19
years.
20 to 24
years.
25 to 29
years.
30 to 34
years.
35 to 39
years.
40 to 44
years.
45 to 49
years.
50 to 54
years.
56 to 59
years.
60 to 64
years.
65 years
and
oyer.
Age
un-
known.
187,791
341
2,312
7,801
14,083
19,091
22,856
23,321
22,874
20,885
16,383
12,729
21,881
3,234
Geographic divisions:
19,580
52,380
41,246
22,683
19,952
9,7.59
8,413
3,574
10,204
36
53
17
27
111
28
51
14
4
272
534
321
206
462
210
185
49
73
773
1,984
1,383
860
1,230
571
501
145
354
1,378
3,735
2,660
1,570
1,970
965
841
250
714
1,931
5,192
3,891
2,315
2,236
1,130
1,014
330
1,052
2,346
6,276
5,005
2,748
2,513
1,179
1,137
437
1,215
2,382
6,674
5,205
2,898.
2,238
1,110
1,047
440
1,327
2,394
6,565
5,267
2,873
2,056
1,039
941
451
1,288
2,126
5,858
4,973
2,627
1,857
1,050
820
395
1,179
1,770
4,745
3,815
1,938
1,503
774
674
299
865
1,385
3,650
2,912
1,505
1,303
588
457
257
672
2,710
6,426
5,145
2,426
2,204
854
578
373
1,165
77
Middle Atlantic
688
652
West North Central
690
269
East South Central
261
167
134
Pacific
296
New England:
1,258
909
990
11,601
1,243
3,579
31,280
6,042
15,058
10,594
4,527
12,839
6,699
6,587
4,744
5,377
6,168
628
864
1,990
2,912
441
3,220
2,890
3,635
1,722
2,622
1,641
3,132
849
3,538
2,204
2,039
1,978
1,092
2,158
1,110
4,053
697
388
162
1,199
219
337
342
230
1,987
1,565
6,652
1
3
2
30
3
27
23
5
5'
6
1
2
16
i'
3
5
1
6
6
10
4
3
25
49
7
3
12
7
6
7
10
21
13
3
4
4'
3
1
1
2
12
11
14
200
13
22
269
90
175
74
26
127
57
37
39
26
89
6
11
14
21
3
55
27
84
22
48
68
125
40
69
26
63
52
43
26
50
66
7
9
1
12
6
8
2
4
18
12
43
31
32
28
503
62
117
1,162
273
549
316
147
483
237
200
155
174
292
24
37
77
101
12
174
145
202
76
178
130
232
81
184
117
132
138
85
126
93
197
18
26
5
48
19
12
10
7
97
54
203
99
61
67
826
107
218
2,123
489
1,123
618
291
950
409
392
. 287
343
469
68
60
145
208
24
271
304
347
142
231
193
349
109
287
195
251
232
127
198
158
338
40
30
16
95
16
20
24
9
197
107
410
119
82
80
1,175
124
351
3,065
607
1,520
930
465
1,368
675
503
482
511
658
74
87
197
306
31
307
321
413
177
295
191
380
121
362
248
254
266
136
265
170
443
64
32
20
113
21
34
30
16
253
152
647
145
108
117
1,430
139
407
3,702
732
1,842
1,240
692
1,656
706
811
600
597
759
77
95
254
366
58
405
363
454
197
320
178
428
110
420
249
233
277
171
300
155
611
81
49
24
137
29
60
44
23
270
195
750
140
96
117
1,416
153
460
4,052
720
1,902
1,314
591
1,729
765
806
621
694
734
64
113
279
393
51
402
308
381
229
272
175
342
78
423
274
195
218
131
271
133
612
93
40
18
164
27
31
44
23
286
198
843
ISO
118
119
1,430
144
433
3,985
719
1,861
1,313
SS9
1,680
827
858
643
721
747
74
117
224
347
41
338
274
378
180
288
122
347
88
378
244
228
189
127
244
94
476
100
46
23
150
20
42
59
11
244
179
865
154
87
92
1,243
126
424
3,625
616
1,617
1,32.5
566
1,472
786
834
635
599
658
63
104
220
348
47
340
211
374
153
294
100
280
58
405
216
224
205
104
219
61
436
106
36
16
115
20
38
38
26
185
198
796
120
93
96
1,010
116
335
2,951
482
1,312
1,022
422
1,044
691
636
417
464
495
43
72
187
260
44
262
194
316
116
211
102
210
48
289
189
175
121
69
157
59
389
51
32
12
106
15
26
32
25
156
139
570
92
61
90
784
89
269
2,263
414
973
.835
317
803
493
464
302
373
387
25
63
139
216
38
235
206
251
104
156
80
176
52
219
151
109
109
51
115
24
267
43
37
11
77
15
27
20
27
92
97
483
178
145
163
1,534
151
539
3,980
740
1,706
1,468
464
1,300
992
921
481
662
643
30
63
221
326
88
395
531
404
188
192
139
214
53
370
218
120
146
40
156
70
312
65
47
13
111
14
34
38
51
141
192
832
17
12
5
20
19
Connecticut
4
Middle Atlantic:
100
133
455
East North Central:
134
Indiana
77
222
155
64
West North Central:
82
Iowa
211
221
90
South Dakota.
41
30
15
South Atlantic:
3
Maryland
30
Virginia
21
134
34
."^nilth Carolirm. , . .
43
Florida
4
East South Central:
129
Tennessee
65
48
Mississippi
19
West South Central:
Arkansas
1
71
Oklahoma
22
Texas
73
Mountain:
26
Idaho
3
67
New Mexico . . ....
14
15
Utah
1
8
Pacific:
47
Oregon
41
208
GENERAL TABLES.
131
Table 8.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE AT ADMISSION, BY DIVISIONS AND
STATES.
DmSION OE STATE.
United States...
OEOGBAPmc divisions:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central. .
West North Central.
South Atlantic
East South Central. .
West South Central.
Mountain
Pacific
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania
Kast Noeth Centbal:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West Noeth Centeal:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia.
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
.South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Centkal:
Kentuclry
Tennessee
.\labama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas'
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
pACmc:
Washington
Or««on
California
IMSANE admitted TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
Total.
6,986
14,609
13,191
7,459
6,725
3,685
2,908
1,623
3,403
509
326
270
4,236
490
1,155
8,530
1,640
4,499
3,336
1,270
4,053
1,974
2,558
1,425
1,511
2,779
224
204
411
905
127
1,273
697
1,234
495
916
646
1,112
325
1,227
932
831
695
255
491
743
1,479
278
203
42
722
84
135
103
56
884
590
Age at admission.
Under
15
years.
15 to 19
years.
2,539
264
659
444
242
359
239
174
53
105
15
13
7
171
20
38
368
79
212
111
47
133
SI
40
42
105
8
5
17
25
20 to 24
years.
5,701
620
1,446
1,053
643
779
413
328
130
289
43
15
25
383
47
107
837
167
442
222
116
353
169
193
136
132
221
19
22
42
71
114
74
145
42
119
86
153
37
132
100
110
71
34
54
85
155
59
158
25 to 29
years.
7,027
734
1,662
1,416
929
799
470
404
187
426
52
31
25
428
65
143
976
ISO
506
364
133
456
189
274
209
209
305
33
25
42
106
10
153
75
144
56
100
85
138
128
132
105
105
33
66
108
197
25
11
6
104
5
16
17
4
125
75
226
30 to 34
years.
7,295
748
1,721
1,536
918
779
606
418
198
471
49
29
26
454
59
131
1,018
165
538
393
120
473
225
325
169
172
318
32
26
53
128
13
153
75
142
56
101
72
133
34
147
124
127
108
39
69
85
225
131
74
266
35 to 39
years.
7,495
868
1,767
1,653
924
816
450
370
205
442
58
30
35
533
66
146
1,067
184
616
415
177
497
216
348
161
211
323
36
26
48
119
18
177
70
144
52
123
72
121
39
139
129
104
78
33
61
83
193
113
67
262
40 to 44
years.
6,469
776
1,565
1,479
800
618
327
294
220
390
51
35
37
493
45
115
920
162
483
364
137
472
193
313
161
160
301
23
20
32
103
12
131
45
102
43
97
47
107
34
118
88
64
57
27
50
68
149
44
30
3
100
9
17
11
6
107
61
222
45 to 49
years.
5,681
687
1,460
1,306
690
517
299
245
146
331
45
41
26
419
50
108
858
172
430
327
123
382
204
270
1.59
135
249
15
23
39
70
9
123
35
99
40
63
32
90
26
113
77
65
44
19
38
64
124
86
59
186
50 to 54
years.
4,877
579
1,217
1,119
606
483
277
189
139
268
50
31
20
351
36
91
701
137
379
298
124
318
146
233
137
104
238
11
15
30
71
100
74
50
53
61
41
166
55 to 59
years.
60to64 pSy^rs
3,368
432
853
823
383
327
178
131
84
157
43
24
12
263
23
.67
485
92
276
245
121
143
SO
75
161
7
8
20
32
2,872
340
663
647
383
317
150
118
85
169
25
19
16
195
15
70
372
77
214
194
70
161
101
121
55
72
165
5
13
22
51
827
1,498
1,434
757
693
284
207
134
327
68
50
36
479
64
130
878
193
427
378
131
429
272
224
91
182
277
12
19
56
120
16
127
108
129
52
70
70
132
69
32
51
68
64
195
Age
un-
known.
957
70
107
246
169
155
64
46
10
7
5
32
7
9
34
16
57
30
11
125
43
37
6
17
92
23
2
10
9
2
18
2
22
62
4
29
2
14
34
14
15
11
20
12
4
2
2
14
21
46
132
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 9.
-INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE WHEN FIRST
ADMITTED TO ANY HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
INSANE ENTOEBATED IK HOSPITALS ON lANUABT 1, 1910.
DIVISION OB STATE.
United States.
Geogbaphic divisions:
New England
Middle Atlantic
East North Central..
West North Central.
South Atlantic
East S Juth Central . .
West South Central .
Mountain
Pacific
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire.
Vermont
Massachusetts...
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York
New Jersey
Pennsylvania. .
East North Central:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michi^can
Wisconsin
West Noeth Central:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
District ot Columbia. ,
Virginia
West V irginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East Sodth Cenieal:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico.
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington.
Oregon
California
187,791
19,580
52,3S0
41,245
22,653
19,952
9,759
8,413
3,574
10,204
1,25S
909
990
11,601
1,243
3,579
31,2S0
6,042
15,058
10,594
4,527
12,839
6,699
6,587
4,744
5,377
6,168
628
864
1,990
2,912
441
3,220
2,890
3,635
1,722
2,522
1,541
3,132
849
3,538
2,204
2,039
1,978
1,092
2,158
1,110
4,053
697
388
162
,199
219
337
342
230
1,987
1,565
6,652
Age when first admitted to any hospital for the insane.
Under
15
years.
1,079
142
174
103
121
254
89
122
40
34
3
6
10
116
1
6
15 to 19
years.
8,102
970
2,261
1,403
853
1,218
518
455
140
284
40
41
49
630
65
145
1,385
291
585
317
179
389
298
220
166
170
295
16
27
67
112
11
158
123
256
51
179
117
245
176
90
124
128
69
114
90
182
20 to 24
years.
21,432
2,243
6,247
4,022
2,602
2,716
1,277
1,064
309
952
106
92
99
.,406
146
394
3,948
809
1,490
1,022
498
1,082
703
717
573
573
747
69
82
214
344
32
358
499
607
96
361
228
403
132
443
258
319
257
138
278
139
509
25 to 29
years.
27,195
30 to 34
years.
26,655
2,822
7,929
5,433
3,394
2,988
1,539
1,319
442
1,329
19
51
17
44
4
17
67
104
12
26
15
21
9
30
7
16
59
218
60
128
165
606
173
105
143
1,643
183
575
4,990
897
2,042
1,3.54
685
1,400
1,033
961
828
712
864
104
135
319
432
47
446
568
586
115
404
218
4S8
116
533
323
367
316
161
354
184
620
40
18
153
21
32
54
26
293
197
839
2,848
7,678
5,504
3,334
2,586
1,464
1,228
515
1,498
174
120
140
1,650
199
565
4,889
842
1,947
1,508
681
1,353
970
738
732
862
89
142
281
490
60
416
423
447
84
374
206
452
124
513
287
332
332
143
327
138
620
119
61
25
141
35
46
54
34
323
224
951
35 to 39
years.
24,225
40 to 44
years.
18,764
2,5S0
7,055
5,041
3,005
2,365
1,267
1,114
521
1,277
170
115
146
1,499
176
474
4,343
768
1,944
1,413
648
1,202
859
919
643
671
790
78
121
269
433
74
378
313
439
99
340
ISo
438
99
466
294
246
261
133
295
134
552
98
50
22
185
26
63
51
36
233
191
853
2,026
5,418
4,011
2,254
1,750
903
910
424
1,068
146
99
70
1,226
111
374
3,310
614
1,494
1,136
502
936
711
726
466
580
5S6
54
96
199
293
65
318
209
346
62
244
144
290
72
323
212
181
187
114
22S
106
462
78
49
22
139
26
37
42
31
218
152
698
45 to 49 50 to 54
years. years.
14,784
1,597
4,236
3,263
1,797
1,333
749
687
317
SOS
108
85
95
917
90
302
2,544
472
1,220
901
422
750
563
567
353
419
497
41
73
161
253
43
247
149
281
36
193
92
233
59
289
152
153
155
86
166
71
364
1,307
3,104
2,487
1,301
1,069
602
479
234
584
146
121
538
99
73
77
767
1,840
372
892
782
322
524
449
410
268
295
332
31
62
135
178
31
189
140
218
34
155
79
184
39
242
139
103
118
51
137
51
240
107
93
384
55 to 59
years
6,922
797
1,999
1,507
812
710
321
262
162
352
66
48
45
455
44
139
1,196
216
587
470
173
306
282
152
191
229
22
26
76
116
16
120
132
134
19
96
53
103
37
122
81
49
69
31
67
31
133
67
43
242
60 to 64
years.
5,239
649
1,411
1,128
567
613
236
200
125
280
59
38
39
306
41
106
838
185
418
361
131
225
214
197
87
160
152
12
28
65
63
114
124
19
63
48
108
24
21
34
26
119
62
50
178
65 vears
and
over.
Age
un-
known.
8,316
1,162
2,366
1,847
977
789
361
216
161
437
90
68
64
655
66
219
1,332
311
723
596
149
375
388
339
143
247
283
16
28
104
156
13,911
437
2,472
5,497
1,666
1,561
433
357
1S4
1,304
24
19
13
271
53
57
602
218
1,652
656
132
4,261
201
247
317
632
461
93
41
92
30
36
9
134
329
199
4
127
29
41
1,055
59
43
63
66
101
13
29
13
167
153
96
184
37
70
61
26
15
113
50
80
60
60
101
104
28
35
17
8
7
47
96
6
16
IS
16
19
2
19
12
&3
200
74
221
300
883
GENERAL TABLES.
183
Table 10.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE WHEN FIRST ADMITTED TO ANY
HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
DIVISION OE STATE.
INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
Total.
United States...
GEOGEAPinc divisions:
New EnRL-ind
Middle Atlantic
East North Central.
West North Central.
South Atlantic
East South Central..
West South Central.
Mountain
Pacific
New England:
Maine
New Hampshire
Vermont
Massachusetts
Rhode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atuntic:
New York
New Jersey
Penn-qylvajiia
East North Centbal:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
Michigan
Wisconsin
West North Centeal:
Minnesota
Iowa
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
Kansas
South Atlantic;
Delaware
Maryland
District of Columbia,
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Centbal:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Texas
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
Nevada
PAcmc:
Washington
Oregon
California
60,769
14,6G9
13,191
7,459
6,725
3,6S5
2,968
l,t;23
3,463
509
326
270
4,236
490
1,155
8,530
1,640
4,499
3,336
1,270
4,053
1,974
2,558
1,425
1,511
2,779
224
204
411
905
127
1,273
597
1,234
495
916
646
1,112
325
1,227
932
831
695
255
491
743
1,479
278
203
42
722
84
135
103
56
884
590
Age when first admitted to any hospital for the insane.
Under
15
years.
430
15 to 19
years.
2,982
350
826
532
302
399
219
195
64
105
20
16
11
221
24
58
490
94
242
128
65
138
105
62
57
117
8
6
16
36
20 to 24
years.
706
1,605
1,174
776
754
354
343
127
241
51
19
27
426
55
128
957
179
469
232
141
363
195
243
175
161
261
21
27
36
95
9
101
75
150
38
108
86
161
26
139
110
74
31
37
49
90
167
70
59
112
25 to 29
years.
7,024
790
1,755
1,441
976
768
393
406
169
326
63
30
27
476
57
137
1,035
186
534
351
147
442
206
295
225
209
326
36
26
45
109
10
143
78
140
50
93
79
144
29
134
130
81
48
30 to 34
years.
6,856
799
1,714
1,438
887
732
377
:J94
177
338
32
100
206
129
52
145
59
33
28
476
59
144
1,017
173
524
371
120
409
208
330
206
171
289
31
21
41
128
13
145
84
132
52
95
63
126
22
129
108
91
49
34
60
7S
222
116
56
166
35 to 39
years.
6,719
835
1,733
1,467
807
728
336
344
176
293
52
28
35
518
64
138
1,0.52
174
507
354
165
il3
221
294
150
168
286
30
21
35
117
17
159
69
127
42
95
68
131
30
121
122
55
38
30
54
.'«
177
101
.19
153
40 to 44
years.
5,643
708
1,441
1,283
689
569
268
275
177
253
45 to 49
years.
596
1,.360
1,137
549
460
218
224
111
211
45
34
30
451
41
107 i
858
146
437
309
136
397
183
268
127
143
251
22
25
34
87
14
118
38
99
37
78
45
102
28
111
75
49
23
27
45
66
137
91
39
123
49
39
24
349
48
87
787
159
404
268
107
339
199
224
126
119
180
12
16
28
68
8
107
36
98
25
55
27
15
32
59
118
71
38
102
50 to 54
3,970
507
1,065
936
433
407
200
155
103
174
47
30
17
303
35
75
593
131
331
234
104
263
137
198
106
80
158
6
9
22
52
55 to 59
years.
2,661
356
718
642
286
276
118
118
68
79
32
20
12
212
21
59
398
78
242
170
71
181
108
112
57
66
102
7
8
15
31
60 to 64
years.
279
576
513
278
262
102
106
56
102
24
19
14
160
11
51
330
61
185
152
57
122
96
86
45
55
103
5
10
14
46
65 years
and
over.
5,096
722
1,352
1,152
578
608
198
182
107
197
62
46
34
414
63
113
783
173
396
307
116
334
222
173
70
161
178
12
15
35
107
15
102
101
121
43
50
66
84
26
103
.57
17
21
Age
nn-
known.
6,178
281
463
1,422
851
684
885
177
281
1,134
14
U
11
181
8
56
196
60
201
449
39
624
75
235
74
119
490
33
20
6
147
15
84
128
140
68
2
95
117
86
290
393
18
71
40
48
77
5
3
149
7
20
13
7
103
181
.S50
134
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Tablb 11.— insane enumerated IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY,
PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ENUMERATION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
SEX, AND AGE AT ENTJMEEATION.
raSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON }ANUABT 1, 1910.
Aggregate.
BOTH SEXES.
All ages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29yeare
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown
MALE.
All ages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years .■
80 years and over
Age unknown
FEMALE.
Alleges
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years....
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
66 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown
187,791
341
2,312
7,801
14,083
19,091
22,856
23,321
22,874
20,885
16,383
12,729
9,545
6,263
3,5%
2,477
3,234
98,695
203
1,302
4,644
8,201
10, 777
12,410
12,473
11,825
10,7S7
8,213
6,152
4,459
2,S17
1,583
OSS
1,861
89,096
138
1.010
3,157
5,882
8,314
10,446
10,848
11,049
10,098
8,170
6,577
5,086
3,446
2,013
1,489
1,373
White.
TotaL
174,224
276
1,952
6,734
12,370
17,276
21,065
21,822
21,636
19,795
15,523
12,065
9,113
5,956
3,477
2,344
2,820
91,617
153
1,092
4,040
7,256
11,457
11,691
11,223
10,272
7,776
5,823
4,251
2,672
1,531
935
1,623
82,607
123
860
2,694
5,114
7,454
9,608
10, 131
10,413
9,523
7,747
6,242
4,862
3,234
1,946
1,409
1,197
Native.
Total.
115,402
261
1,707
5,426
9,49S
12,853
15,098
14,631
13,986
13,011
9,710
6,913
4,961
3,157
1,806
1,230
1,154
60,644
146
990
3,2S8
5,588
7,336
8,196
7,812
6,9S6
6,634
4,792
3,302
2,285
1,411
786
497
597
54,758
115
717
2,138
3,912
5,517
6,902
6,819
7,000
6,377
4,918
3,611
2,676
1,746
1,020
733
557
Native .^"Jj'^rt Parentage
parentage. ] ^^^^^_ unknown.
67,531
169
1,040
3, ISl
5,478
7,a56
8,369
8,027
7,749
7,389
5,971
4,544
3,475
2,214
1,314
905
650
35,238
93
592
1,966
3,269
4,058
4,528
4,230
3,815
3,660
2,965
2,177
1,597
1,002
689
366
331
32,293
76
44S
1,215
2,209
3,841
3,797
3,934
3,729
3,006
2,367
1,878
1,212
725
539
319
28,186
57
459
1,564
2,750
3,961
4,448
4,093
3,730
3,064
1,818
975
570
323
16S
105
15,415
34
276
920
1,617
2,270
2,463
2,265
1,912
1,622
930
493
281
162
67
49
12, 771
23
183
644
1,133
1,691
1,985
1,828
1,818
1,442
482
289
161
101
66
19,685
35
208
681
1,270
1,836
2,281
2,511
2,507
2,558
1,921
1,394
916
620
324
220
403
9,991
19
122
402
700
1,008
1,205
1,317
1,259
1,352
632
407
247
130
9,694
16
88
279
570
828
1,076
1,194
1,248
1,206
1,024
762
509
373
194
138
Foreign ^^^^'^
54,096
215
1,210
2,686
4,128
5,585
6,737
7,118
6,297
5,428
4,786
3,926
2,628
1,575
1,081
708
28,415
6
90
899
1,56-1
2,310
3,041
3,617
3,933
3,369
2,797
2,367
1,862
1,193
706
425
438
25,681
2
125
511
1,122
1,818
2,544
3,120
3,1S5
2,928
2,631
2,419
2,064
1,435
272
4,726
7
30
98
186
295
3S2
454
532
487
385
386
226
171
96
53
2,558
1
12
53
106
176
220
282
304
269
187
154
104
68
39
13
2,168
6
18
45
SO
119
162
192
228
218
198
212
122
103
57
40
368
Colored.
Total.
13,567
65
360
1,067
1,713
1,815
1,791
1,499
1,238
1,090
860
664
432
307
119
133
7,078
50
210
604
945
955
953
782
602
515
437
329
208
145
52
53
6,489
15
150
483
768
860
838
717
636
575
423
335
224
162
67
S'egro. Indian. I ^Otter
12,910
60
348
1,019
1,658
1,733
1,735
1,445
1,176
1,011
796
611
414
292
114
127
6,536
200
6,374
14
143
453
755
833
706
626
583
417
328
222
158
65
77
171
166
46
4
2a5
4
1
566
14
24
9a3
5
37
890
16
49
902
10
41
739
8
35
.■i-iO
8
44
448
63
379
54
2S3
42
192
12
134
10
49
2
50
2
76
491
1
4
27
40
56
42
40
46
68
67
45
12
10
3
2
38
452
GENERAL TABLES.
135
Table 1-2.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND
AGE AT ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION.
BOTH SEXES.
All ages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 vears
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
SO to 54 years
S5 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown
MALE.
All ages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown
FEMALE.
All ages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
SO to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown
DJSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
Aggregate.
60,769
327
2,539
5,701
7,027
7,295
7,495
6,469
5,681
4,877
3,368
2,872
2,191
1,776
1,180
1,014
957
34,116
181
1,471
3,234
3,911
4,018
4,090
3,618
3,163
2,712
1,975
1,698
1,255
994
676
513
607
26,653
146
1,068
2,467
3,116
3,277
3,405
2,851
2,518
2,165
1,393
1,174
936
782
504
501
350
White.
Total.
56,182
272
2,215
5,101
6,394
6,696
6,945
6,046
5,349
4,609
3,208
2,706
2,074
1,656
1,121
956
834
31,646
152
1,277
2,934
3,602
3,718
3,819
3,387
2,970
2,549
1,876
1,595
1,179
926
643
483
536
24,536
120
938
2,167
2,792
2,978
3,126
2,659
2,379
2,060
1,332
1,111
895
730
478
473
298
Native.
Total.
39,629
256
1,871
3,966
4,749
4,841
4,999
4,201
3,656
3,197
2,178
1,728
1,282
1,009
694
570
432
22,190
144
1,099
2,284
2,640
2,637
2,720
2,309
1,9S2
1,766
1,284
1,025
740
578
407
309
266
17,439
112
772
1,682
2, 109
2,204
2,279
1,892
1,674
1,431
894
703
542
431
287
261
106
Native
parentage
24,534
159
1,153
2,393
2,864
2,912
2,474
2,181
1,951
1,442
1,231
930
760
524
419
263
13,792
84
685
1,405
1,592
1,547
1,577
1,362
1,203
1,085
846
737
537
435
308
222
10,742
75
468
988
1,272
1,331
1,335
1,112
978
866
596
494
393
325
216
197
96
^^'^l^d P-ntage
or mixed
parentage.
10,685
61
556
1,157
1,413
1,449
1,591
1,294
1,062
SSI
489
255
187
123
55
62
38
322
653
809
825
708
565
490
299
142
105
64
28
39
29
4,689
23
234
504
604
62t
711
5S6
497
391
190
113
82
59
27
23
unknown.
4,410
36
162
416
472
514
496
433
413
365
247
242
165
126
115
2,402
22
92
226
239
265
263
239
214
191
139
70
2,008
14
70
190
233
249
233
194
199
174
108
Foreign
bom.
15,S23
10
320
1,074
1,568
1,777
1,848
1,755
1,605
1,341
982
928
765
610
407
370
8,838
164
614
917
1,033
1,038
1,026
940
748
562
540
424
328
228
166
3
156
460
651
714
SIO
729
665
593
420
341
282
181
204
Nativity
un-
known.
1,030
6
24
61
77
78
98
90
88
71
48
50
27
37
20
16
239
618
1
14
36
45
48
61
52
4S
35
30
30
15
20
10
Colored.
Tota..
4,587
65
324
600
633
599
550
423
332
268
160
168
117
120
59
58
2,470
29
194
30O
309
300
271
231
193
163
99
103
76
68
33
30
2,117
26
130
300
324
299
279
192
139
105
61
63
41
52
26
62
Negro.
4, .384
54
320
579
601
568
529
388
316
253
1-50
163
114
119
58
57
2,304
2,080
129
295
313
297
275
187
137
104
69
62
41
52
26
27
SO
Indian
28
1
191
1
2
2X4
4
12
288
3
18
271
4
25
254
6
11
201
5
25
179
2
12
149
1
13
91
2
6
101
1
1
73
3
67
1
32
1
30
Other
colored.
152
2
16
24
26
12
27
12
14
8
136
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 13.— INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY,
PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE WHEN FIRST ADMITTED TO ANY HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, FOR THE
UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
SEX, AND AGE "WHEN FIKST ADMITTED
TO ANY HOSPITAL FOB THE INSANE.
BOTH SEXES.
AUages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown
HALE.
AUages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 09 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown
FEMALE.
AUages...
Under 15 years.
15 to 19 years...
20 to 24 years. . .
25 to 29 years. . .
30 to 34 years...
35 to 39 years.
40 to 44 years.
45 to 49 years.
50 to 54 years.
55 to 59 years.
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over.
Age unknown
INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910.
Aggregate.
White.
187,791
1,079
8,102
21,432
27, 195
26,655
24,225
18,764
14,784
11,167
6,922
5,239
3,387
2,376
1,435
918
13,911
98,695
579
4,611
12,837
15,161
13,886
12,277
9,230
7,113
5,384
3,554
2,527
1,764
1,119
674
413
7,566
89,096
500
3,491
8,595
12,034
12,769
11,948
9,534
7,671
5,783
3,368
2,712
1,823
1,257
761
505
6,345
Total.
174,224
929
7,168
19,350
25,033
24,805
22,561
17,568
13, 931
10,516
6,628
4,897
3,398
2,258
1,378
852
13,052
91,617
485
4,040
11,617
14,023
12,993
11,453
8,672
6,713
5,075
3,348
2,355
1,670
1,069
645
386
7,073
82,607
444
3,128
7,733
11,010
11,812
11,108
8,896
7,218
5,441
3,180
2,642
1,728
1,189
733
466
5,979
Native.
Total.
115,402
834
5,995
14,901
17, 794
16, 703
14,590
10,883
8,681
6,444
3,913
2,839
1,934
1,282
777
487
7,345
60,644
434
3,488
9,086
10,020
8,602
7,290
5,215
4,038
3,068
2,018
1,387
948
625
366
221
3,838
54,758
400
2,507
6,815
7,774
8,101
7,300
5,668
4,643
3,376
1,895
1,452
986
657
411
266
Native
parentage.
67,531
535
3,410
8,254
9,894
9,306
8,500
6,470
5,396
4,282
2,726
2,079
1,461
960
606
391
3,261
35,238
269
2,010
5,061
5,606
4,718
4,182
3,056
2,488
2,048
1,416
1,013
716
472
285
174
1,724
32,293
266
1,400
3,193
4,288
4,588
4,318
3,414
2,908
2,234
1,310
1,066
745
488
321
217
1,537
Foreigner
mUed
parentage.
28,186
161
1,582
4,183
4,954
4,637
3,780
2,686
1,990
1,263
639
354
216
129
77
34
925
2,533
2,834
2,487
2,003
1,376
962
639
348
183
112
64
35
18
12,771
72
657
1,650
2,120
2,150
1,777
1,310
1,028
624
291
171
104
65
42
16
694
Parentage
unknown.
19,685
138
1,003
2,464
2,946
2,760
2,310
1,727
1,295
899
648
406
257
193
94
62
2,583
9,991
76
653
1,492
1,680
1,397
1,105
783
588
381
254
191
120
89
46
29
9,694
62
450
972
1,366
1,363
1,206
944
707
618
294
215
137
104
48
33
Foreign
bom.
54,096
67
1,045
4,100
6,787
7,671
7,602
6,364
5,008
3,915
2,526
l,9n
1,408
930
584
353
3,765
28,415
40
482
2,321
3,756
4,142
3,986
3,2S8
2,572
1,938
1,289
922
696
420
274
163
2,126
26,681
27
563
1,779
3,031
3,529
3,616
3,076
2,436
1,977
1,237
1,049
712
510
310
190
1,639
Nativity
un-
known.
4,726
28
128
349
452
431
369
321
242
157
87
56
46
17
12
1,942
2,558
11
70
210
247
249
177
169
103
69
41
46
26
24
5
2
1,109
2,168
17
58
139
205
182
192
152
139
88
48
41
30
22
12
10
833
Colored.
Total.
13,567
150
934
2,082
2,162
1,860
1,664
1,196
853
651
394
342
189
118
57
66
859
7,078
94
571
1,220
1,138
893
824
558
400
309
206
172
94
60
29
27
493
6,489
56
363
862
1,024
967
840
638
453
342
188
170
95
366
Negro.
12,910
141
910
2,013
2,074
1,764
1,697
1,119
794
618
365
319
183
113
56
62
6,536
555
1,168
1,067
824
763
488
352
281
181
155
89
49
28
26
6,374
63
355
846
1,007
940
834
631
442
337
184
164
94
64
28
36
360 I
Indian.
GENERAL TABLES.
137
Table 14.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND AGE
WHEN FIRST ADMITTED TO ANY HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
raSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
SEX, AND AGE WHEN FIRST ADMITTED
TO ANY HOSPITAL FOR THE INSANE.
BOTH SEXES.
All ages ,
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 ye^rs
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
66to 69 years
70 to 74 years
76 to 79 years
80 years and over
Ageuninown
.MALE.
All ages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 64 years
65 to 59 ye.ir3
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age untnown
yEMALE.
-Mlages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
60 to 54 years
65 to 59 years
60 to 54 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
76 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age tmknowD
Aggregate.
60,769
430
2,982
6,080
7,024
6,856
6,719
5,643
4,856
3,970
2,661
2,274
1,725
1,495
1,003
873
6,178
34,116
222
1,723
3,386
3,774
3,684
3,639
3,165
2,689
2,192
1,599
1,351
1.013
840
565
438
3,836
26,663
208
1,259
2,694
3,250
3,172
3,080
2,478
2,167
1,778
1,062
923
712
655
438
435
2,342
White.
Total.
56,182
374
2,662
5,516
6,444
6,337
6,237
5, 282
4,585
3,746
2,632
2, 141
1,628
1,384
961
823
5,540
31,646
197
1,532
3,094
3,495
3,430
3,405
2,976
2,533
2,057
1,518
1,270
953
777
537
414
3,458
34,536
177
1,130
2,422
2,949
2,907
2,832
2,306
2,052
1,689
1,014
871
675
607
414
409
2,082
Native.
Total.
39,629
341
2,254
4,294
4,742
4,504
4,380
3,644
3,082
2,575
1,697
1,364
1,024
833
688
491
3.816
22,190
181
1,334
2,429
2,554
2,407
2,377
2,016
1,664
1,412
1,037
813
605
477
340
259
17,439
160
920
1.865
2,188
2,097
2,003
1,628
1,418
1,163
660
551
419
356
248
232
1,531
Xative
parentage
24,534
203
1,361
2,564
2,857
2,711
2,557
2,191
1,904
1,638
1,163
765
633
445
372
2,182
13,792
106
817
1,484
1,541
1,430
1,376
1,204
1,029
456
369
259
193
1,334
10,742
97
54^4
1,080
1,316
1,281
1,181
987
875
739
454
402
309
264
186
179
848
Foreign
or mked
parentage.
10,685
88
698
1,329
1,457
1,394
1,442
1,107
907
706
385
195
144
105
48
61
629
50
412
728
805
796
628
489
393
241
116
81
51
25
31
38
286
601
652
628
646
479
418
313
144
79
63
54
23
20
Parentage
unknown.
4,410
50
195
401
428
399
381
346
271
231
159
171
115
95
95
68
25
105
217
208
211
205
184
146
120
97
101
68
57
56
35
2.008
25
90
184
220
188
176
162
125
111
62
70
47
38
39
33
Foreign
bom.
15, 523
29
390
1,173
1,630
1,773
1,773
1,585
1,453
1,130
805
746
590
529
348
321
1,248
!,838
15
192
638
908
994
974
936
842
624
463
439
339
286
189
152
848
14
198
535
650
611
506
342
307
251
243
159
169
Nativity
un-
known.
1,030
4
18
49
476
618
1
6
27
33
29
54
25
27
21
18
412
3
12
22
39
31
30
28
23
20
12
13
5
151
Colored.
Total.
4,587
56
320
564
580
519
482
361
271
224
129
133
97
111
52
50
25
191
292
279
254
156
135
81
81
60
63
28
24
2,117
31
129
272
301
265
248
172
115
89
48
52
37
48
24
26
Negro.
4,384
55
315
548
549
496
464
337
263
216
123
131
96
110
61
49
24
188
280
260
232
218
168
149
128
76
79
59
62
27
24
2,080
31
127
268
289
264
246
169
114
Indian.
32
Other
colored.
152
2
11
22
18
10
18
6
7
6
1
1
1
50
16
18
10
17
6
6
4
1
1
1
43
138
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 15.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY PLACE OF
INSANE ADMITTED TO
HosprrALS IN 1910.
DIVISION OB STATE.
Total.
"Who prior to admission resided in places
having a population of—
Leas than 2,500.
2,500 to 10,000.
10,000 to 25,000.
\
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
1 1
UiViTED States
60,769
34,116
26,653
20,442
11,673
8,769
5,942
3,311
2,631
4,239
2,453
1,786
7
GEOGKApmc divisions:
6,9S6
14,669
13,191
.7,459
6,725
3,685
2,968
1,623
3,463
3,632
7,866
7,548
4,180
3,730
2,069
1,622
1,134
2,335
3,354
6,803
5,643
3,279
2,995
1,616
1,346
489
1,12s
1,009
2,548
4,608
3,856
3,040
2,264
1,758
549
810
527
1,463
2,563
2,263
1,633
1,224
1,002
429
569
482
1,083
2,045
1,593
1,407
1,040
756
120
241
940
1,147
1,471
687
571
255
346
240
285
471
629
824
387
301
149
192
173
185
469
518
647
300
270
106
154
67
100
861
1,022
1,051
332
383
127
131
166
166
477
590
599
203
214
81
75
111
103
384
432
452
129
169
46
58
55
63
^
East North Central
S
a
South Atlantic
7
East South Central .
q
in
New England:
11
509
326
270
4,236
490
1,155
8,630
1,640
4,499
3,336
1,270
4,053
1,974
2,558
1,425
1,511
2,779
224
204
411
905
127
1,273
597
1,234
495
916
646
1,112
325
1,227
932
831
695
255
491
743
1,479
278
203
42
722
84
135
103
56
884
590
1,989
248
16S
150
2,206
267
593
4,461
878
2,527
1,932
672
2,319
1,111
1,514
866
863
1,403
142
129
243
534
78
677
426
691
266
435
338
623
196
735
512
444
378
152
234
440
796
212
155
30
462
60
104
66
45
609
; 447
1 1,279
261
158
120
2,030
223
562
4,069
762
1,972
1,404
59S
1,734
863
1,044
559
648
1,376
82
75
168
371
49
596
171
543
229
481
308
489
129
492
420
387
317
103
257
303
683
66
48
12
260
24
31
37
11
275
143
710
221
132
150
285
45
176
1,192
348
1,008
966
588
1,047
870
1,137
819
846
1,101
174
' 170
282
464
43
I 353
1
784
310
389
349
699
! 112
666
; 523
556
519
224
174
539
821
102
116
31
132
55
60
28
35
253
214
343
103
64
S3
149
27
99
673
195
595
533
301
558
500
671
507
471
650
109
102
162
262
24
196
1
420
157
188
192
3S8
67
397
284
2S6
257
129
90
312
471
34
90
24
105
42
40
16
28
186
153
230
116
68
67
136
18
77
519
153
413
433
287
489
370
466
312
375
451
65
68
120
202
19
157
147
39
59
470
57
168
413
177
557
384
174
409
202
302
116
165
172
13
19
47
155
7
47
5
67
72
86
130
114
43
127
33
61
34
21
26
76
223
36
38
2
65
20
49
20
10
60
94
131
72
19
30
237
35
78
225
100
304
205
94
229
112
184
69
93
81
6
15
33
90
4
23
5
45
38
31
70
61
24
74
19
33
21
17
16
50
109
29
26
1
45
12
38
14
8
39
74
72
75
20
29
233
22
90
188
77
253
179
80
ISO
90
118
47
72
91
7
4
14
65
3
24
73
82
33
453
31
189
419
187
416
242
186
260
165
198
34
124
69
16
8
10
71
35
46
23
255
18
100
232
98
260
135
99
152
99
114
21
71
38
10
6
6
51
38
36
10
198
13
89
187
89
li6
107
87
lOS
65
84
13
53
31
6
2
4
20
12
14
16
17
Middle Atlantic:
10
East North CENraAL:
22
21
o«5
West NoETH Central:
'*?
31
32
South Atlantic:
61
17
87
42
65
47
48
16
44
8
28
47
4
19
40
68
78
19
8
12
8
31
29
16
56
23
37
22
23
8
30
5
14
32
10
24
39
50
13
5
8
S
22
32
1
31
19
28
23
25
3
14
3
14
15
2
9
16
29
28
6
3
4
3
9
34
District of Columbia
364
153
201
157
311
45
269
239
270
262
95
84
227
350
18
26
7
27
13
10
12
7
67
61
113
22
34
55
60
53
19
53
14
26
13
4
10
26
114
7
12
1
20
8
11
6
2
21
20
59
?7
North Carolina
?'>
Georeia
Florida
East South Centbal:
40
Tennessee
•11
I'l
41
West Sotrra Centeal:
ift
•17
Oklahoma
4S
•14
Modntain:
flO
Idaho
ni
5''
'>'t
New Mexico
*)4
55
Utah
Nevada
10
57
27
82
8
41
19
43
2
16
8
39
57
PACffic:
ri8
S9
California
GENERAL TABLES. L39
RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION, AND BY SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
DJSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910— Continued .
Who prior to admission resided in places having a
population
of—
25,000 to 50,000.
50,000 to 100,000.
100,000 to 500,000.
500,000 and over.
Not reported.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
TotaL
Male.
Female.
TotaL
Male.
Female.
3,515
1,964
1,551
3,228
1,828
1,400
7,901
4,504
3,397
11,829
6,214
5,615
3,673
2,169
1,504
1
761
754
844
302
353
180
136
90
95
396
425
478
168
208
116
68
60
45
363
329
368
134
145
64
68
30
50
852
820
463
318
299
63
266
43
104
470
438
294
187
168
34
137
25
75
382
382
169
131
131
29
129
18
29
931
1,498
1,949
508
731
430
213
381
1,260
468
805
1,114
279
420
251
87
253
827
463
093
835
229
311
179
126
128
433
1,459
6,616
2,354
751
631
3
4
4
7
713
3,343
1,384
421
344
2
1
3
3
746
3,273
970
330
287
1
3
1
4
173
264
451
705
717
363
114
150
736
110
173
292
272
442
212
60
80
528
63
91
159
433
275
151
54
70
208
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
25
22
11
525
72
106
378
106
270
144
13
U
5
270
43
51
209
49
167
81
12
8
6
255
29
55
169
57
103
63
39
42
6
5S5
31
149
272
282
266
167
102
150
33
11
62
76
60
1
20
18
3
321
14
94
130
162
146
113
60
94
18
9
35
42
37
1
19
24
3
264
17
55
142
120
120
M
42
56
15
2
27
34
23
1
1
3
7
5
125
3
30
48
36
180
»
41
152
38
133
78
54
525
18
6
13
11
1
61
117
28
28
337
36
2
107
84
139
48
92
3
55
35
21
2
6
3
82
1
16
32
21
120
33
21
90
24
104
73
37
122
14
5
U
10
1
32
115
18
23
166
17
1
69
46
70
31
65
2
28
20
10
11
26
1
1
2
43
2
14
16
15
60
36
20
62
12
29
5
17
403
4
1
2
1
11
2
4
1,263
53
137
4,896
in
1,710
495
2
1,743
2:5
91
3
1
746
1
2
623
25
62
2,456
5
882
313
1
2
640
28
75
2,440
5
828
182
2
734
14
38
1?
2
530
198
200
912
494
92
849
177
4
487
432
311
57
65
2
1
34
38
1
269
104
93
504
248
53
499
97
2
277
239
157
38
38
2
1
18
25
1
261
94
107
408
246
39
350
80
2
210
193
154
19
27
13
14
15
16
17
IS
18
X
?1
288
158
254
2
18S
41
185
72
140
1
110
20
103
86
114
1
78
21
1,C«9
53
3
1
417
22
23
24
■?fl
329
27
?fi
25
46
13
24
12
22
16
13
3r
119
74
21
5
1 61
1
2
36
76
23
25
2
36
72
47
8
5
35
1
2
15
43
12
12
2
20
47
27
13
1
2
611
14
1
1
31
2
325
3'
26
33
80
41
30
10
20
69
74
37
16
33
48
23
9
22
45
12
44
49
23
10
93
405
126
1
5
48
237
68
1
1
45
188
38
286
29
2
10
5
171
19
1
38
38
69
17
27
1
27
15
11
33
M
32
18
21
26
30
8
25
25
14
26
3.-
3f
4
2
1
1
3"
21
33
3f
QR
62
3
132
83
34
2
36
3q
11 3
1
1
i
4f
13
211
153
C4
1 2
79
70
30
1
4
4'
IS
1
1
1
1
4r
4^
3
5
9
119
51
2
3
5
58
38
1
2
4
61
13
4.'
i
1 44
221
1
29
107
211
86
125
"■■■;:::!:::::---
4f
15
114
4
2
1
1
4
1
3
4f
4'
• ■
4
5C
1
2
i
1
5
30
15
IS
1
380
1
252
1
128
4
3
1
97
33
64
55
5.1
5
7
4
6
1
1
rri
9
7
2
i 39
1 1
97
5
23
1
09
4
2
16
5,-
5f
1
2
92
1
28
1
306
185
709
240
1 139
442
120
49
267
6
3
3
44
63
629
25
56
447
IS
7
182
,r
2
43
ff
49
1
1
5'
140
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 16.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND
PLACE OF RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
INSANE
ADMITTED
TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
1
Aggregate.
Wliite.
Colored.
SEX, AND PLACE OF RESIDENCE PBIOR TO
ADMISSION.
Total.
Native.
Foreign
born.
Nativ-
ity un-
known.
Total.
Negro.
Indian.
Total.
1
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mixed
parent-
age.
Parent-
age un-
known.
Other
colored.
BOTH SEXES.
AECTeffate
60,769
56,182
39,629
24,534
10,685
4,410
15,523
1,030
4,587
4,384
51
1,W
Eesiding prior to admission in places having a
populatloQ of—
20,442
5,942
4,239
3,515
3,228
7,901
11,829
3,673
18,454
5,523
3,982
3,267
2,999
7,355
11,324
3,278
15,263
4,274
2,864
2,354
2,031
4,850
5,884
2,109
11,108
2,833
1,775
1,482
1,347
2,588
2,459
8S2
2,531
949
796
674
543
1,707
3,041
444
1,564
492
293
198
141
555
384
783
2,907
1,186
1,065
874
922
2,392
5,331
846
284
63
53
39
46
113
109
323
1,988
419
257
248
229
546
505
395
1,923
408
248
241
221
511
469
363
41
6
1
i"
3'
24
2,500 to 10,000
6
10 noo to 25 OflO
8
25,000 toso.nofl
7
60,oon to loo nno
8
100,000 to 600,000
34
500,000 and over
36
Not reported ....
29
MALE.
AcCTeeate
34,116
31,646
22,190
13,792
5,996
2,402
8,838
618
2,470
2,304
32
134
Resirtinp prior to admission in places having a
population of—
11,673
3,.311
2,453
1,964
1,828
4,504
6,214
2,169
26,653
10,630
3,081
2,307
1,845
1,701
4,205
5,939
1,938
24,536
8,581
2,338
1,649
1,327
1,169
2,767
3,166
1,193
17,439
6,266
1,518
' 1,021
845
777
1,523
1,309
533
1 10,742
1,443
542
454
381
310
963
1,666
237
4,689
872
278
174
101
82
281
191
423
2,008
1,891
705
625
494
502
1,384
2,699
538
6,685
158
38
33
24
30
54
74
207
412
1,043
230
146
119
127
299
275
231
2,117
994
225
138
112
120
266
247
202
2,080
28
i'
3'
19
21
2,500 to 10,000
5
10 OOO to 25 000 . ...
g
25,000 to 50,000
7
50 000 to 100 000
7
100,000 to 500,000
32
500,000 and over
28
Not reported. . ...
26
FEMALE.
Aeer^ate
18
Residing prior to admission in pbces having a
population of—
8,769
2,631
1,786
1,551
1,400
3,397
5,6)5
1,504
7,824
2,442
1,675
1,422
1,298
3,150
5,. 385
1,340
6,682
1,936
1,215
1,027
862
2,083
2,718
916
4,902
1,315
754
637
570
1,065
1,150
349
1,088
407
342
293
233
744
1,375
207
692
214
119
97
59
274
193
360
1,016
481
440
380
420
1,008
2,632
308
126
25
20
15
16
59
35
116
945
189
111
129
102
247
230
164
929
183
110
129
101
245
222
161
13
5
1
3
2,600 to 10,000
1
10,000 to 25,000
25,000 lo 50,000
50 000 to 100 OflO
1
100,000 to 500.000
3
500,000 and Over . ...
S
3
GENERAL TABLES.
141
Table 17.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE AT ADMISSION, SEX, AND PLACE OF
RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
ZNSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
SEX, AKD PLACE OF RESIDENCE PSIOS TO
ADMISSION.
BOTH SEXES.
Total.
.\ggregate.
Ref idini; prior to admissioD in places having a
population of —
Less than 2,500
2,500 to 10,000 '
10,000 to 23,000 !
25,000 to 50,000
50,000 to 100.000
100,000 to 500.000
500,000 and over
Not reported
MALE.
Aggregate .
Residing prior to admission in places having i
population of—
Less than 2,500
2,500 to 10,000
10,000 to 25,000
25,000 to 50.000
50,000 to 100.000
100,000 to 500,000
500,000 and over
Not reported
FEMALE.
-Aggregate .
Residing prior to admission in places having i
population of—
Less than 2,500
2,500 to 10,000
10,000 to 25,000
25,000 to 50.000
50,000 to 100,000
100,000 to 500,000
500 000 and over
Not reported
60,769
20,442
5,942
4,239
3,515
.1,228
7,901
11,829
3,673
34,116
11,673
3,311
2,453
1,964
1,828
4,504
6,214
2,169
26,653
2,631
1,786
1,551
1,400
3,397
5,615
1,504
Age at admission.
Under
IS
years.
327
136
33
23
12
7
32
40
44
181
146
15 to 19
years.
2,539
20 to 24
years.
5,701
971
230
165
134
129
278
494
138
1,471
587
128
87
82
75
149
270
93
1,068
384
102
78
52
54
129
224
45
2,005
537
341
314
286
710
1,185
323
3,234
1,144
301
231
169
164
406
614
205
2,467
861
236
110
145
122
304
671
118
25 to 29
years.
2,392
677
453
407
382
897
1,433
386
1,298
374
255
231
214
551
750
238
3,116
1,094
303
198
176
168
346
6S3
148
30 to 34
years.
7,295
2,339
083
531
425
398
1,007
1,484
428
35 to 39
years.
7,495
40 to 44 45 to 49
years, years.
6,469 S,681
1,250
358
293
241
240
603
7S2
251
3,277
325
238
184
158
404
702
177
2,401
718
520
437
411
1,059
1,519
430
4,090
1,313
378
296
221
246
590
798
248
3,405
340
224
216
165
469
721
182
3,618
1,107
368
268
188
222
498
756
211
2,851
881
219
1S6
172
174
387
650
152
3,163
1,040
309
228
194
148
444
610
190
81 S
220
1S4
141
134
358
511
146
50 to 54
years.
4,877
2,712
958
264
207
158
137
364
469
155
2,165
678
215
1(56
lis
116
315
425
133
55 to 59
years.
3,358
1,138
355
262
201
187
404
648
173
1,975
707
iOO
160
113
113
243
343
96
1,393
431
155
102
88
7t
161
60 to 64
years.
65 years
and
over.
,064
295
207
163
12S
333
4V1
197
1,698
659
165
12:!
90
73
19S
273
117
405
130
81
73
55
135
212
SO
6,161
2,218
3,438
1,354
396
257
245
158
387
463
178
2,723
864
302
177
162
165
343
55)
156
957
296
85
64
44
46
85
103
234
185
54
36
24
34
51
64
159
111
31
28
20
12
34
39
75
142
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 18,— INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY,
PARENTAGE, SEX, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS.
ISSAKE EXT7MEEATED Df HOSPITALS ON JANtT.CET
1, 1910.
DWiaON, BACE, NATIVm-, ANB PAEENTAGE.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
known.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
known.
UNITED STATES.
AeereEate. .
98,095
62,663
26,047
5,405
1,040
.3, .-20
89,095
37,115
35,975
12,672
1,.308
1,966
White
91,(17
G0,C44
35,238
15,415
9,991
28,415
2,558
7,078
6,530
90
452
.5.<*,399
41,212
22,840
11,527
6,813
16,090
1,091
4,284
3,929
61
294
24,137
14,575
9,296
3,071
2,208
9,203
319
1,890
1,810
14
60
5,020
3,043
2,124
3M
355
1,911
72
379
361
7
11
1,005
740
513
129
9S
258
7
35
33
o
3,030
1,074
465
124
485
887
1,069
490
403
81
82,607
54,738
32,293
12,771
9,094
25,C81
2,168
0,489
0,374
76
39
34,904
25,7r4
14,30f.
7,140
4,318
8,471
669
2,211
2,108
26
17
33,086
20,639
12,457
4,263
3,919
11,886
561
2,889
2,844
30
15
11,634
6,740
4,501
1,135
1,044
4,081
213
1,038
1,020
15
3
1,327
1,018
640
186
192
288
21
41
37
2
2
1,656
597
329
47
221
3.55
704
Colored
310
305
3
Other colored
2
New England.
9,647
6,148
2,058
619
117
1C5
9,933
4,787
3,499
1,434
158
55
White
9,472
6,446
3,521
2,373
552
2,911
115
175
159
3
13
25,787
6,039
4,550
2,244
1,879
427
1,423
66
109
97
2
10
16,382
2,011
1,442
935
403
102
1,158
11
47
43
1
3
7,262
604
336
259
62
15
203
5
15
15
117
88
69
15
4
29
101
30
14
12
4
38
33
4
4
9,771
5,940
3,594
1,891
435
3,728
103
162
1.55
3
4
26,393
4,720
3,202
1,813
1,210
239
1,402
56
67
64
3
3,432
1,832
1,156
517
159
1,580
20
67
64
1,407
714
535
136
43
684
9
27
26
158
123
86
26
U
35
54
9
4
2
3
Foreign bom
27
18
Colored
1
1
3
10,129
1
4,015
Aeereeate..
1,439
121
503
11,997
211
2a
White
24,9f4
13,487
7,533
5,629
2,325
9,065
412
823
782
6
33
22, 118
15,853
10,782
4,970
4,132
1,680
4,859
212
529
498
4
27
13,257
7,030
3,694
2,002
1,213
479
3,280
56
232
226
1
5
6,191
1,428
758
459
235
64
659
11
31
29
1
1
1,190
120
92
61
21
10
28
533
IGl
41
28
92
239
133
30
28
25,847
14,703
7,491
5,197
2,015
10,807
337
746
738
4
4
19,128
11,687
7,589
3,558
2,974
1,057
.3,971
127
310
307
1
2
7,173
9,820
5,096
2,690
1,674
732
4,647
77
309
306
1
2
8,167
3,907
1,799
1,119
497
183
2,966
42
108
106
2
210
100
102
43
15
49
1
1
1
223
Native
59
22
Foreign or mixed parentage
9
28
Foreign bom
74
90
1
1
18
Negro
18
2
1,100
374
2,517
459
812
White
21,;31
13, 720
7,041
3,7CC
2,913
f.,750
1,0C1
587
570
8
9
12,CS9
12.90(i
9,026
4,355
2,777
1,894
3,498
382
351
341
5
5
8,228
6,o:i
3,451
1,940
768
737
2,456
144
140
138
1
1
3,109
1,1=7
055
419
122
114
468
34
39
37
1
1
610
302
209
168
52
49
89
4
12
11
1
1.05
319
!.«
47
119
239
497
45
43
' 18,710
12,272
6,444
2,946
2,882
5,401
1,043
412
400
12
7,050
5,321
2,636
1,497
1,188
1,493
236
123
117
6
7,977
4,974
2,666
1,116
1,192
2,738
265
190
183
S
2,452
1,431
842
247
342
925
96
65
65
446
332
190
M
78
104
10
13
13
791
Native. .
214
Native parentage
110
Foreign or mixed parentage ....
22
82
Foreign bom
141
436
21
Negro.
20
Indian .
1
2
402
Aggregate
220
1
10,024
3,902
4,477
1,247
236
162
White
12,270
7,784
4,238
2,041
1,505
4,125
361
389
346
38
5
8,021
5,3r5
2,792
1,548
1,025
2,409
157
207
179
24
4
3,075
1,779
1,073
397
309
l,2f3
33
94
87
6
1
615
370
247
62
67
230
9
25
22
3
214
131
102
24
25
61
2
6
5
1
345
113
24
10
79
72
160
57
53
4
9,702
6,520
3,326
1,672
1,522
3,008
234
2G2
233
28
I
3,823
2,925
1 1,329
i 946
! 650
822
76
79
70
»
4,373
2,659
1,465
573
621
1,651
63
104
92
11
1
1,193
708
407
119
182
461
24
54
47
7
231
178
111
33
34
49
4
5
6
142
Native..
50
Native parentage
14
Fnrplpn nr miTprl parpTitflg**
1
35
Foreign born..
25
67
Colored
20
Nepro
19
Indian
1
GENERAL TABLES.
143
Table 18.— INSANE ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY,
PARENTAGE, SEX, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS— Continued.
INSiNE ENTJMEBATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUABT 1, 1910.
DIVISION, RACE, NATIVITT, AND PARENTAGE.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Wid-
owed.
voreed.
Un-
known.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
known.
South Atlantic.
A ffereeate
10,372
6,762
2,581
599
50
380
9,580
4,376
3,608
1,340
69
187
"Winte
7,745
6,531
5,205
561
765
1,001
213
2,627
2,617
2
8
4,939
5,135
4,349
3,480
430
439
693
93
1,627
1,622
1,841
1,622
1,302
85
235
182
37
740
737
451
365
306
33
26
81
5
148
148
48
43
37
3
3
5
270
152
80
10
62
40
78
110
108
2
6,889
6,273
4,755
321
1,197
474
142
2,691
2,691
3,415
3,176
2,454
196
526
175
64
961
961
2,410
2,181
1,582
83
516
183
46
1,198
1,198
914
806
646
36
124
98
10
426
426
65
60
38
6
16
I
4
4
85
Native
SO
35
15
15
20
2
2
102
102
5
3,022
3
1,389
East South Central.
264
21
243
4,820
1,874
1,915
729
42
260
White
3,709
3,525
3,295
149
81
169
15
1,230
1,229
2,336
2,229
2.069
103
57
100
7
686
686
1,044
■ 994
937
38
19
50
199
188
179
5
4
11
13
12
11
1
117
102
99
2
1
7
8
126
126
3,511
3,372
3,162
142
68
113
26
1,309
1,308
1,502
1,465
1,347
82
36
35
2
372
371
1,338
1,288
1,218
43
27
45
5
577
577
487
461
446
10
5
25
1
242
242
36
36
36
148
Native
122
115
7
1
8
18
345
344
65
65
8
8
6
6
112
Negro
112
1
4,337
1
1,219
1
4,078
1
1,410
West South Central.
2,706
277
17
118
1,898
657
45
66
White
3,656
2,996
2,315
198
483
439
121
781
742
17
22
2,308
2,235
1,917
1,440
125
352
252
66
471
443
15
13
1,576
992
829
679
49
101
144
19
227
221
2
4
442
233
200
164
18
18
29
4
44
41
12
12
10
1
I
84
38
22
5
11
14
32
34
32
3,260
2,831
2,229
168
434
281
148
816
789
17
10
1,266
1,135
991
742
60
189
74
70
275
265
4
6
357
1,496
1,339
1,079
79
181
118
39
402
389
10
3
664
557
462
380
29
53
80
15
lOO
98
1
1
168
35
29
26
37
Native
10
Nat iv6 parentage
2
3
5
1
10
8
2
8
4
23
5
5
29
Necro
29
3
97
2
165
Mountain.
28
29
48
2,241
1,159
685
130
344
993
89
67
32
7
28
6,528
1,524
806
480
95
231
677
41
52
24
5
23
4,602
435
234
146
23
65
193
8
5
95
55
34
7
14
40
28
20
17
2
1
8
159
44
8
3
33
75
40
6
3
1,228
746
502
62
182
429
53
38
25
8
5
3,676
350
235
147
26
62
103
12
7
3
1
3
1,239
641
389
268
29
92
230
22
23
19
3
1
1,618
163
81
59
6
16
76
6
5
2
3
29
23
15
1
7
5
1
45
Native
18
13
Parentage unknown ....
5
15
f^at'vity imlfTiowTi . .
12
Colored
2
3
1
2
1
2
1,136
3
444
1
Pacific.
AsCTeeate ...
254
92
565
119
135
White
6,129
2,996
1,405
568
1,023
2,962
171
399
59
9
331
4,350
2,188
1,010
438
740
2,095
67
252
39
207
1,078
530
276
93
161
537
11
58
9
3
46
244
110
57
20
33
130
4
10
4
91
53
38
10
5
37
1
1
1
366
115
24
7
84
163
88
78
6
3,623
2,101
790
372
939
1,440
82
S3
35
4
14
1,222
800
280
149
371
396
26
17
10
2
5
1.599
881
333
149
399
694
24
19
14
554
278
127
55
96
266
10
11
8
2
1
117
77
36
13
28
38
2
2
131
65
Native parentage
14
Forelpn or mixed parentage
6
45
Foreign bom
46
Nativity ii^knowTi ,
20
Colored *.
4
Nepro.
3
Other colored
6
72
5
2
1
144
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 19.— MALE AND FEMALE INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY,
PARENTAGE, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS.
mSANE ADMITTED TO
HOSPITALS IN 1910.
DIVISION, RACE, NATTVITr, AND PAEENTAGE.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
known.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
known.
UNITED STATES.
A effreeate
34,116
16,501
13,379
2,588
527
1,121
26,653
8,907
12,839
3,949
459
499
White
31,646
22,190
13,792
5,996
2,402
8,838
618
2,470
2,304
32
134
3,632
15,So2
11,215
6,491
3,624
1,100
3,940
197
1,149
1,054
13
82
1,788
12,477
8,541
6,712
1,954
875
3,769
167
902
854
14
34
1,418
2,379
1,571
1,108
266
197
787
21
209
198
3
8
317
509
412
273
90
49
93
4
IS
18
929
451
208
62
181
249
229
192
ISO
2
10
48
24,536
17,439
10,742
4,089
2,008
6,6<<5
412
2,117
2,080
19
IS
3,354
8,289
6,452
3,697
2,101
654
1,725
112
618
606
4
8
1,326
11,817
8,201
5,203
2,034
964
3,462
154
1,022
1,003
12
7
1,417
3,629
2,241
1,529
446
266
1,334
64
320
316
2
2
516
440
342
216
73
53
94
4
19
19
361
Nat ive
203
97
Foreion or mixed parentage
35
71
70
88
138
Negro
136
I
1
New England.
61
69
36
White
3,566
2,315
1,337
852
126
1,225
26
66
53
1,746
1,217
606
542
69
617
12
42
33
1,398
839
546
253
40
554
5
20
18
313
184
131
39
14
128
1
4
2
61
51
44
6
1
10
48
24
10
12
2
16
8
3,296
2,M4
1,272
671
111
1,213
29
58
49
1,304
933
622
361
50
360
11
22
17
1,402
794
611
240
43
601
7
15
12
499
202
202
49
U
232
5
17
16
57
47
29
13
5
10
34
Native
18
8
Foreign or mixed parentage
8
2
10
6
2
2
2
2
13
7,866
9
3,804
2
3,230
2
623
9
6,803
5
2,435
3
3,111
1
1,137
Middle Atlantic.
65
144
70
SO
White
7,621
4,758
2,606
1,861
291
2,809
54
245
227
1
17
7,548
3,674
2,482
1,245
1,101
136
1,175
17
130
120
1
9
3,323
3,142
1,845
1,089
653
103
1,289
8
88
81
603
323
221
82
20
278
2
20
19
63
54
38
15
1
8
1
2
2
139
54
13
10
31
59
26
5
5
6,588
3,929
2,102
1,611
216
2,624
35
215
212
3
2.364
1,575
802
701
72
774
15
71
70
1
3,004
1,742
923
709
110
1,256
6
107
105
2
1,105
546
330
187
28
558
2
32
32
68
47
33
10
4
21
47
20
14
4
2
15
12
2
2
3
3
7
3,161
1
529
A eereeate
204
331
5,643
1,717
2,811
798
164
153
White
7,347
5,113
2,889
1,738
486
2,035
199
201
186
5
10
4,180
3,2J7
2,429
1,243
996
190
759
49
86
82
2
2
2,099
3,076
2,057
1,272
605
180
976
43
85
80
1
4
1,595
519
320
220
64
36
191
8
10
8
1
1
323
202
1P9
100
46
23
31
2
2
2
313
138
64
27
57
78
97
18
14
1
3
89
5,520
4,090
2,326
1,339
425
1,330
100
123
118
4
1
3,279
1,682
1,415
716
566
133
251
16
35
33
1
1
1,132
2,749
1,967
1,191
603
173
758
24
62
60
2
782
506
315
122
69
262
14
16
15
1
158
121
76
35
10
36
1
6
6
149
81
2S
Foreign or mixed parentage..,
13
40
23
45
4
Ne^o
i
West North Central.
74
1,587
443
73
44
White
4,024
2,828
1,605
8C2
361
1,026
170
156
142
7
2,029
1,493
781
548
1G4
480
56
TO
64
2
4
1,542
1,050
653
255
142
422
70
S3
48
4
1
302
204
126
44
34
90
8
21
20
72
60
33
10
7
21
1
2
2
79
31
12
5
14
13
35
10
8
1
1
3,156
2,242
1,221
698
323
764
150
123
118
6
1,092
861
429
326
106
184
47
40
40
1,528
1,032
665
311
156
420
76
59
64
6
429
274
186
49
39
136
19
14
14
72
54
32
8
14
16
2
1
1
35
Native
21
9
4
8
3
Nativit y unlcno wn
6
Colored
9
9
i
GENERAL TABLES.
145
Table 19.— MALE AND FEMALE INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY,
PARENTAGE, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS— Continued.
INSANE ADSUTTED
10 HOSPITALS nj 1910.
DIVISION, RACE, NATIVmr, AND PABENTAGE.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
known.
Total.
Single.
Married.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
Iniown.
South Atlantic.
3,730
1,729
1,519
331
21
130
2,995
1,021
1,410
490
17
57
White
2,731
2,478
1,994
126
358
227
20
999
995
1
3
2,069
1,299
1,183
943
79
161
107
9
430
427
1,114
1,018
817
38
163
89
7
405
404
1
229
206
175
7
24
22
1
102
102
17
16
13
1
2
1
72
55
46
1
8
8
9
68
58
2,089
1,939
1,477
89
373
125
25
906
905
752
709
539
45
125
37
6
269
268
%7
906
684
33
189
52
9
443
443
335
300
235
10
55
32
3
155
155
12
11
8
1
2
23
Native
13
11
2
4
1
6
6
6
Colored
4
4
34
34
3
925
1
1,616
1
493
East South Central.
830
165
12
137
823
205
18
77
White
1,599
1,534
1,326
57
151
55
10
470
468
723
690
602
31
57
28
5
202
201
678
657
573
25
59
20
1
152
152
127
122
103
1
18
5
9
9
8
62
56
40
1,133
1,103
958
27
118
30
360
354
315
11
28
6
605
689
505
13
71
16
135
128
112
1
15
7
17
16
16
1
16
16
11
1
1
16
2
4
75
75
4
1
38
37
3
3
483
482
133
133
218
218
70
69
1
1
61
Negro
61
2
1,622
1.
808
1
89
1
1,346
1
153
We3T South Central.
664
8
53
358
786
12
37
White
1,430
1,260
1,084
61
125
140
30
192
179
7
6
1,134
702
619
518
32
69
73
10
106
99
2
5
626
603
634
472
15
47
54
15
61
55
6
1
348
81
75
66
3
6
6
8
7
6
36
25
22
1
2
6
5
17
17
1,179
1,061
894
40
127
90
28
167
164
2
1
489
318
300
236
13
51
16
2
40
39
1
689
626
554
17
65
46
17
97
95
1
1
294
144
112
88
8
16
28
4
9
9
10
10
7
IS
Native
13
Native parentage
9
2
Pfirpntape llnlfTinwn
1
1
3
2
Foreign born
5
Colored
8
8
2
2
19
19
Aggregate
74
27
59
120
43
14
18
White
1,106
686
392
117
177
388
33
28
16
4
8
2,335
610
384
225
70
89
216
10
16
7
2
7
1,399
341
206
119
36
51
130
5
7
I
1
614
n
63
31
8
14
18
26
20
15
3
2
6
58
23
2
471
320
176
49
95
127
24
18
13
4
1
1,128
117
88
48
13
27
19
10
3
2
1
286
190
107
28
55
88
8
8
6
1
1
600
40
23
14
4
5
15
2
3
2
1
14
11
3
4
4
3
14
8
4
21
18
17
1
1
4
Foreign bom
2
Nfttlv'ty "nin?o\VTi
4
3
2
1
1
1
4
3
Inoian
1
Other colored
Paofic.
137
55
130
305
164
32
27
White
2,222
1,218
559
332
327
933
71
113
38
7
68
1,332
718
328
225
165
585
29
67
21
4
42
683
335
171
74
90
235
13
31
11
2
18
134
84
35
18
31
49
1
3
51
36
16
9
11
15
122
45
9
6
30
49
28
8
2
1,104
701
316
165
220
382
21
24
19
1
4
300
217
90
65
62
78
5
5
4
687
355
163
80
112
225
7
13
10
1
2
160
91
47
16
28
64
6
4
4
32
25
13
1
11
7
25
13
Native parentage
3
3
Paren tage uniinown
7
8
4
Colored
4
4
2
Negro
1
Inrlinn
1
2
6
1
1
27622°— 14-
-10
146
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 20.— INSANE 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ENUMERATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1,
T=
DIVISION AND CLASS.
INSANE AT least 10 YEARS OP AGE ENUMEEATED IN HOSHTALS ON JANUAET 1, 1910.
Aggregate.
WUte.
Total.
Native.
Total.
Native parentage.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
1
UNITED STATES.
Total :
187,737
98,663
89,074
174, 179
91,593
82,686
115,358
60,620
54,738
67,505
35,225
32,280
?
142,315
35,959
9,463
75,642
17,896
6,125
66,673
18,063
4,338
137, 153
28,081
8,945
72, 749
14,028
4,816
64, 404
14,053
4,129
94,896
16,669
3,793
49,911
8,667
2,042
44,985
8,002
1,751
56,411
10,331
763
29,497
6,339
389
26,914
4,992
3(4
t
Illiterate
4
New England.
Total
',
19,577
9,645
9,932
19,240
9,470
9,770
12,383
6,444
5,939
7,114
3,521
3,593
A
W,667
3,682
32S
52,373
7,769
1,709
167
25,781
7,898
1,873
161
26,692
15,443
3,479
318
60,804
7,653
1,656
161
24,958
7,790
1,823
157
25,846
10,602
1,658
123
30,183
5,429
945
70
15,481
5,173
713
53
14,702
6,168
924
32
15,022
2,986
621
14
7,631
3,172
403
18
7,491
7
Illiterate...
8
q
Middle Atlantic.
Total
Literate
in
40,339
8,096
3,938
41,246
20,009
3,697
2,175
22,118
20,330
4,499
1,763
19, 128
39,448
7, 549
3,807
40,247
19,533
3,324
2,101
21,531
19,915
4,225
1,706
18,716
26,171
3,237
1,775
26,992
12,829
1,663
999
13,720
12,342
1,584
776
12,272
13,292
1,565
175
13,485
6,636
783
112
7,041
6,656
772
63
6,444
11
Illiterate . . . .
1"'
11
East Noeth Centkai..
Total
Literate..
1^
33, 109
6,493
1,644
22,678
17,948
3,458
712
12,655
15.161
3,035
932
10,023
32,631
6,096
1,620
22,027
17,606
3,221
704
12,266
14,925
2,875
916
9,761
22,041
3,632
319
14,299
11,692
1,883
14S
7,780
10,349
1,749
174
6,619
11,379
2,044
62
7,563
6,009
1,006
28
4,237
5,370
1,038
36
3,326
T)
Illiterate.
16
Unknown
17
West Noeth Centeal.
Total . . .
Literate.
IR
17,963
3,119
1,596
19,925
9,972
1,803
880
10,358
7,991
1,316
716
9, .567
17,678
2,833
1,516
14,614
9,796
1,649
821
7,737
7,882
1,184
695
6,877
11,733
1,783
783
12,784
6,337
1,036
407
6,523
5,396
747
376
6,261
6,478
845
240
9,943
3,622
603
112
5,198
2,856
342
128
4,745
14
Illiterate
?n
Unknown.
71
South -Atlantic.
Total
??
12,913
6,459
553
9,756
6,980
3,043
335
4,937
6,933
3,416
218
4,819
11,328
2,831
465
7,218
6,148
1,293
298
3,708
5,180
1,538
169
3,510
10,060
2,456
268
6,895
6,254
1,111
158
3,524
4,806
1,345
110
3,371
8,001
1,891
61
6,455
4,243
922
33
3,294
3,758
969
18
3,161
■"I
Illiterate
74
7'i
East South Centbal.
76
6,056
3,396
304
8,408
3,161
1,630
146
4,336
2,895
1,766
158
4,072
5,328
1,683
207
6,812
2,792
828
88
3,566
2,636
855
119
3,256
5,091
1,632
172
6,824
2,654
796
76
2,996
2,437
837
97
2,828
4,712
1,683
160
4,643
2,452
773
69
2,315
2,260
810
91
2,228
77
Illiterate ..
7R
70
West South Centeal.
Total
10
5,278
3,025
105
3,570
2,754
1,527
65
2,305
2,524
1,498
50
1,265
4,782
1,938
92
3,463
2, .506
1,005
46
2,238
2,276
933
•17
1,227
4,239
1,535
50
1,901
2,167
811
18
1,166
2,072
724
32
745
3,399
1,127
17
1,185
1,707
600
8
683
1,692
527
9
502
11
Illiterate . .
17
11
Mountain.
Total
Literate
14
2,827
617
126
10,204
1,805
407
93
6,628
1,022
210
33
3,676
2,772
575
lis
9,762
1,762
387
89
6,129
1,010
188
29
3,623
1,548
319
34
6,097
937
198
21
2,996
511
121
13
2,101
983
198
4
2,195
569
123
1
1,406
424
75
3
790
1'>
Illiterate . . .
16
17
PACinc.
Total
Literate
1R
8,163
1,172
869
6,244
722
562
2,919
450
307
7,843
1,097
812
4,953
665
511
2,890
432
301
4,411
417
269
2,612
235
149
1,799
182
120
2,009
164
22
1,283
108
14
726
56
8
19
Illiterate
40
GENERAL TABLES.
1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND LITERACY, BY DIVISIONS.
147
INSANE
4.T LEAST 10 TEABS OF AGE ENUMEEATED Df HOSPITALS
3N JANUARY 1,
1910— continued
White— Continued.
Negro.
Indian.
Other colored.
■ Native— Continued.
Foreign bom.
Nativity imknown.
Foreitrn or mixed
parentage.
Parentage unknown.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
54,096
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
28,176
15,407
12,769
19,677
9,988
9,689
28, 415
25,681
4,725
2,558
2,167
12,902
6,529
6,373
165
89
76
491
452
39
1
24,863
2,966
347
13,556
1,648
203
11,307
1,318
144
13,622
3,372
2,683
6,858
1,680
1,450
6,764
1,692
1,233
40, 452
10,224
3,420
21,817
4,775
1,823
18,635
5,449
1,597
1,805
1,188
1,732
1,021
686
951
784
602
781
4,701
7,687
454
2, .534
3,744
251
2,227
3,943
203
56
107
2
31
68
25
49
2
345
84
62
328
66
58
17
18
4
2
3
4
4,262
2,371
1,891
1,007
SS2
455
6,639
2,911
3,728
218
115
103
314
159
155
6
3
3
17
13
4
5
3,721
S19
22
10,822
2,064
292
15
5,626
1,657
227
7
5,196
723
215
69
4,339
379
132
41
2,324
344
83
28
2,015
4,767
1,716
156
19,872
2,187
656
68
9,065
2,580
1,060
88
10,807
74
105
39
749
37
65
23
412
37
50
16
337
212
93
9
1,520
106
47
782
106
46
3
738
3
2
1
10
1
2
6
2
......
4
9
8
9
4
......
6
7
8
39
35
4
9
9,611
1,060
151
6,712
4,9S3
554
89
3,766
4,628
506
62
2,946
2,268
622
1,449
5,795
1,210
316
798
2,913
1,058
306
651
2,882
14,072
4,111
1,689
12, 151
6,599
1,577
889
6,750
7,473
2,534
800
5,401
205
201
343
2,104
105
94
213
1,061
100
107
130
1,043
858
538
124
970
446
268
68
570
412
270
56
400
6
3
1
20
6
8
......
1
12
27
6
6
9
24
5
6
9
3
1
10
11
12
13
6,934
708
70
3,710
3,288
440
38
2,039
2,646
268
32
1,671
4,728
880
187
3,026
2,395
437
81
1,504
2,333
443
106
1,522
9,560
2,070
521
7,133
5,391
1,118
241
4,125
4,169
952
280
3,008
930
394
780
595
523
220
318
361
407
174
462
234
566
380
24
579
335
227
8
346
231
153
16
233
8
12
3
5
5
7
4
5
4
5
14
15
16
66
38
28
6
5
1
17
3,258
378
74
881
1,784
208
47
660
1,474
170
27
321
1,997
560
469
1,960
931
325
248
765
1,066
235
221
1,195
5,708
928
497
1,475
3,328
542
255
1,001
2,380
386
242
474
237
122
236
355
131
71
159
213
106
51
77
142
260
240
79
5,301
158
129
59
2,611
102
111
20
2,690
20
46
13
25
7
21
6
5
18
19
1
8
8
1
?fl
2
2
21
767
113
1
291
499
60
1
149
268
53
142
1,292
452
216
149
612
129
124
81
780
323
92
68
1,172
270
33
282
827
151
23
169
345
119
10
113
96
105
154
41
67
31
115
15
29
74
39
26
1,579
3,625
97
2,536
826
1,747
38
1,228
753
1,878
59
1,308
6
1
1
2
6
1
1
1
1
22
2
2
23
24
25
261
26
4
366
136
12
1
198
125
14
3
168
lis
23
8
915
66
10
5
4S>3
52
13
3
432
230
41
11
720
135
29
6
439
95
12
6
281
7
10
24
268
3
4
8
121
4
6
16
147
727
1,712
97
1,531
368
802
58
742
359
910
39
789
1
1
1
......
K
?7
28
33
16
17
32
22
10
29
299
61
6
192
166
32
130
133
29
6
62
641
347
27
524
294
179
10
343
247
168
17
181
473
233
14
1,422
295
139
5
993
178
94
9
429
70
170
28
142
44
55
22
89
26
115
6
S3
471
1,048
12
57
236
497
9
32
235
551
3
25
15
18
S
11
10
7
10
21
33
7
14
1
28
3
7
5
30
31
3?
15
7
8
33
152
36
4
940
105
22
3
568
47
14
1
372
413
85
26
1,962
1,542
188
232
273
53
17
1,023
140
32
9
939
1,143
218
61
4,402
781
163
49
2,962
362
55
12
1,440
81
38
23
253
44
26
19
171
37
12
4
82
35
20
2
94
25
7
59
10
13
2
35
ll
......
7
19
8
6
345
18
6
4
331
1
2
2
14
34
35
36
13
9
4
37
860
65
IS
631
28
9
329
37
6
798
99
126
744
89
106
3,327
637
438
2,274
400
288
1,053
237
150
105
43
105
67
30
74
38
13
31
53
31
10
34
20
5
19
11
6
3
10
3
6
'■"■4
264
34
47
254
31
46
10
3
1
38
39
40
148
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Tablb 21.— insane 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED
DIVISION AND CLASS.
mSANE AT LEAST 10 TRAH.S OP AGE ABIHTTED
TO HOSPTTALS IN 1910.
Aggregate.
White.
Total.
Native.
Totol.
Native parentage.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
1
UNITKD STATES.
TotaL
60,711
34,082
26,629
56,128
31,615
24,513
39,576
22,160
17,416
24,497
13,771
10,726
Literate
7.
51,181
6,901
2,629
28,827
3,702
1,553
22,354
3,199
1,076
49,018
4,861
2,249
27,674
2,599
1,342
21,344
2,262
907
35,649
2,721
1,208
19,932
1,529
699
15,717
1,192
507
22,226
1,822
449
12,473
1,030
263
9,753
792
ISl
3
Illiterate
4
Net England.
Total
f,
6,986
3,632
3,354
6,862
3,566
3,296
4,369
2,315
2,054
2,609
1,337
1,272
Literate
6
6,106
66S
212
14,658
3,217
299
116
7,860
2,889
369
96
6,793
6,019
642
201
14,198
3,165
290
111
7,615
2,854
352
90
6,583
4,051
258
60
8,677
2,146
134
35
4,753
1,905
124
25
3,924
2,421
149
39
4,704
1,234
82
21
2,604
1,187
67
18
2,100
7
Illiterate
8
<)
Middle Atlantic,
Tot^^l
10
12,855
1,172
631
13,187
7,003
514
343
7,546
5,852
658
288
5,641
12,496
1,096
606
12,863
6,808
478
329
7,345
5,638
618
277
5,518
8,053
340
234
9,199
4,412
186
155
5,111
3,641
154
129
4,038
.4,384
187
133
5,212
2,436
92
76
2,883
1,948
95
67
2,324
11
Illiterate
1?
UuknowD
n
East North Centeal.
TotaL
Literate
14
11,688
1,071
428
7,448
6,663
621
262
4,173
5,025
450
166
3,275
11,488
962
413
7,169
6,540
549
256
4,017
4,948
413
157
3,152
8,479
544
176
5,059
4,704
313
94
2,821
3,775
231
82
2,238
4,876
292
44
2,819
2,695
169
24
1,601
2,181
123
20
1,218
\',
Illiterate
ifi
17
West Noeth Central.
TotaL
Literate
IH
6,646
619
183
6,711
3,712
340
121
3,723
2,934
279
62
2,988
6,505
499
165
4,809
3,634
273
110
2,726
2,871
226
55
2,083
4,679
309
71
4,406
2,618
162
41
2,473
2,061
147
30
1,933
2,630
166
23
3,461
1,502
88
11
1,989
1,128
78
12
1,472
1<I
Illiterate
•?n
Unknown
n
SotTTH Atlantic
Total
Literate
f>
5,032
1,502
177
3,680
2,801
831
91
2,065
2,231
en
86
1,615
4,198
487
124
2,728
2,383
280
63
1,596
1,815
207
61
1,132
3,872
442
92
2,633
2,109
260
44
1,531
1,703
182
48
1,102
3,057
359
45
2,280
1,744
215
30
1,323
1,313
144
15
957
?3
'■J
Unknown
?s
East South Central.
TotaL . ..
Literate
?5
2,480
917
283
2,958
1,435
469
161
1,617
1,045
443
122
1,341
2,158
475
95
2,599
1,284
250
62
1,425
874
225
33
1,174
2,084
404
85
2,311
1,233
245
63
1,255
851
219
32
1,056
1,839
400
41
1,970
1,082
214
27
1,079
757
186
14
891
?7
?8
UnlcTirtwri
M
West South Central.
Total
Literate
an
2,381
449
128
1,620
1,273
250
94
1,131
1,108
199
34
489
2,255
255
89
1,574
1,214
148
63
1,103
1,041
107
26
471
2,030
209
72
1,003
1,079
118
58
683
951
91
14
320
1,778
175
17
667
966
100
13
391
812
75
4
176
31
Illiterate
3i?
33
Mountain.
Total
34
1,279
209
132
3,463
920
158
53
2,335
359
61
79
1,128
1,255
196
123
3.326
902
150
51
2,222
353
46
72
1,104
855
94
54
1,919
693
69
21
1,218
262
25
33
701
494
67
6
875
339
50
2
659
155
17
4
316
3'i
Illiterate
35
Unknown.
37
Paopic.
Total
3^
2,714
294
455
1,803
220
312
911
74
143
2,644
249
433
1,744
181
297
900
68
136
1,546
61
312
978
42
198
568
19
114
747
27
101
475
20
64
272
7
37
3<t
Illiterate
4(1
llnlfnowTi. , ,
GENERAL TABLES.
BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND LITERACY, BY DIVISIONS.
149
Dia4NE AT LEAST 10 YZAB3 OF AOE ADMITTED TO HOSPITAL3 IN 1910— Continued.
White— Continued.
Negro.
Indian.,
Otber colored.
NatiT»— Continued.
Foreign bom.
Nativity unknown.
Foreign or mixed
parentage.
Parentage unknown.
Total.
Hale.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
10,678
5,992
4,686
4,401
2,397
2,004
15,522
8,837
6,685
1,030
618
412
4,380
2,301
2,079
51
32
19
152
134
18
1
9,908
S06
264
5,550
291
151
4,358
215
113
3,515
393
493
1,909
208
280
1,606
185
213
12,820
1,992
710
7,433
979
425
6,387
1,013
285
549
148
333
309
91
218
240
57
115
2,058
1,959
363
1,068
1,037
196
990
922
167
23
27
1
13
19
10
8
1
82
54
16
72
47
15
10
7
1
2
3
4
1,523
852
671
237
126
111
2,438
1,225
1,213
55
26
29
102
53
49
22
13
9
S
1,424
So
14
3,468
803
41
8
1,859
621
44
6
1,609
206
24
7
505
109
11
6
290
97
13
1
215
1,945
376
117
5,432
1,011
153
61
2,808
934
223
56
2,624
23
8
24
89
8
3
15
54
15
5
9
35
70
23
9
439
42
8
3
227
28
15
6
212
17
3
2
17
10
1
2
17
7
2
6
7
8
4
1
3
9
3,250
121
97
3,076
1,705
75
49
1,737
1,515
46
48
1,339
419
32
54
911
241
19
30
486
178
13
24
425
4,406
739
287
3,365
2,376
280
152
2,035
2,030
459
135
1,330
37
17
35
299
20
12
22
199
17
5
13
100
340
75
24
304
179
35
13
186
161
40
11
118
4
1
3
15
1
1
11
15
1
1
10
1
10
n
1?
9
5
4
13
2,870
176
30
1,558
1,617
105
15
861
1,253
71
15
697
733
76
102
682
392
39
55
359
341
37
47
323
2,874
376
115
1,790
1,746
206
83
1,026
1,128
170
32
764
135
42
122
320
90
30
79
170
45
12
43
150
192
100
12
260
116
67
3
142
76
33
9
118
3
6
2
3
1
3
5
3
3
7
5
2
3
7
......
14
15
15
12
7
5
17
1,463
83
12
215
810
42
9
126
653
41
3
89
586
60
36
730
306
32
21
358
280
28
15
372
1,606
138
46
352
917
79
30
227
689
59
16
125
220
52
48
51
99
32
39
26
121
20
9
25
133
no
17
1,897
74
58
10
993
59
52
7
904
4
8
......
4
1
4
2
1
4
4
2
1
3
1
18
19
?n
1
1
21
208
6
1
84
122
3
1
57
86
3
27
607
77
46
269
303
42
13
151
304
35
33
118
297
41
14
85
200
18
9
55
97
23
5
30
29
4
18
10
14
2
10
10
15
2
8
831
1,013
53
949
416
549
28
467
415
464
25
482
3
1
2
1
1
9?
1
1
23
?4
3
2
1
W
80
4
55
2
25
2
165
60
44
250
96 69
29 31
26 IS
70
10
5
230
47
4
4
140
23
6
I
90
4
1
5
58
4
1
5
30
28
321
440
188
343
151
217
99
179
170
223
89
164
1
2
......
1
2fi
?7
?S
91
61
40
125
125
9
7
2
7
6
1
29
77
10
4
160
39
9
3
117
38
1
1
49
175
24
51
270
74
9
42
101
15
187
34
9
515
111
25
4
388
76
9
5
127
38
12
8
56
24
5
1
32
14
7
7
24
119
185
39
29
54
94
31
16
65
91
8
13
5
4
4
3
1
1
2
5
1
5
1
30
31
3?
175 95
8
4
4
9
8
1
33
158
7
1
497
113
3
1
332
45
4
165
203
20
47
547
141
16
18
327
62
4
29
220
378
93
44
1,315
293
76
19
933
85
382
22
9
25
92
16
5
11
71
6
4
14
21
16
5
8
57
10
4
2
38
6
1
6
19
2
5
1
8
2
2
7
1
1
6
3
6
2
......
34
35
36
72
68
4
37
378
H
105
256
11
65
122
3
40
421
20
106
247
11
69
174
9
37
1,057
185
73
732
138
63
325
47
10
41
3
48
34
1
36
7
2
12
36
8
13
26
5
7
10
3
6
6
3
4
3
1
29
34
9
29
31
8
""'3'
1
38
39
40
150
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 22.— MALE INSANE 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 WHOSE OCCUPATION
PRIOR TO ADMISSION WAS REPORTED, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND OCCUPATION
PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
MALE mSANE IN HOSPITALS WHOSE
OCCUPATION PBIOB
TO ADMISSION IS KNOWN.
Aggre-
gate.
White.
Colored.
oocopation:
Total.
Native.
Foreign
bom.
Nativ-
ity un-
known.
Total.
Negro.
Indian.
Total.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or
mixed
parent-
age.
Parent-
age un-
Imown.
other
col-
ored.
All occupations
29,428
27,347
18,982
11,779
5,331
1,872
8,093
267
2,081
1,940
22
119
AGEICULTUBE, FOEESTET, AND ANIMAL HUS-
BANDRY
7,335
6,733
5,483
3,884
953
646
1,183
67
602
582
9
11
Farmers planters and dairy fanners
5,406
136
1,399
126
182
73
13
678
5,084
127
1,140
125
177
68
12
662
4,313
57
901
81
79
44
8
310
3,106
30
607
53
48
33
7
176
646
19
245
13
20
9
1
83
561
8
49
15
11
2
718
68
236
39
94
24
4
346
53
2
3
5
4
6
322
9
259
1
I
1
16
311
5
267
7
i'
4
Gardeners, florists, fruit growers, and nurserymen —
4
1
3
5
1
IS
1
1
All others in this class
Extraction of Men'ebals
51
1
563
115
7,048
649
113
6,912
• 246
64
4,343
140
36
2,384
59
24
1,595
47
4
364
297
49
2,523
6
46
14
2
136
13
2
125
1
Manufactdkdjo and Mechanical Pdbsuits.
1
10
2,397
2,345
1,638
971
601
166
692
15
52
51
260
103
765
245
173
618
65
268
143
255
100
750
236
171
609
61
263
142
164
74
509
138
137
383
43
190
91
97
47
315
76
63
234
28
111
45
49
20
137
51
61
111
9
63
39
18
7
57
H
13
38
6
16
7
89
26
236
97
31
123
18
72
60
2
s'
1
3
3
i'
1
5
3
15
9
2
9
4
5
1
4
3
15
9
2
9
4
5
1
1
Buiidera and building contractors
Masons ( briclc and stone)
1
1
Painters, glaziers, and varnisliers
1
::::" ""I
1
1
fil(V*i«wnrtors
55
88
427
55
87
416
39
52
128
IS
27
62
15
24
58
6
1
8
16
34
286
1
1
2
1
11
1
9
::::::::i::::::::
Clothing
I 2
Clothing makers
347
80
419
336
80
410
79
49
215
36
26
102
37
21
91
6
2
22
255
31
192
2
11
9
2
Vnnd anrt TdnrtrfiH prnHnPt«
3
9
7
2
160
176
83
630
167
172
81
622
61
100
54
386
32
46
24
179
23
42
26
181
6
12
4
26
96
69
27
232
3'
4
3
4
2
S
3
4
2
Metal producta
S
1
Iron and steel workers
308
322
461
301
321
455
189
197
238
81
98
124
96
85
96
12
14
18
110
122
213
2
2
7
1
6
7
1
6
1
1
:
Boot and shoe factory operatives
30S
56
97
26
169
304
66
95
26
164
159
35
44
9
85
87
16
21
3
37
61
16
19
6
44
U
3
4
1
4
141
21
51
17
78
*
4
4
2
2
Liquor and beverages
T,vmT>«M- ?|tii itn rernannfartnre
1
5
5
Furniture and cabinetworkers
112
57
273
112
62
271
61
34
209
IS
19
122
32
12
74
1
3
13
60
18
58
1
4
5
2
S
2
Printing and bookbinding
1
Printers, lithographers, and pressmen. . . .
247
26
275
IDS
245
26
274
106
189
20
125
60
112
10
60
29
64
10
52
27
13
52
6
148
44
4
2
2
All others in this class
Textile mill and factory operatives
13
4
1
2
1
2
1
1
Tobacco and cigar factory operatives
1
GENERAL TABLES.
151
Table 22.— MALE INSANE 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 WHOSE OCCUPATION
PRIOR TO ADMISSION WAS REPORTED CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND OCCUPATION
PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE— Continued.
MALE INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHOSE
OCCUPATION PKIOK TO ADMISSION IS
KNOWN.
.Aggre-
gate.
White.
Colored.
OCCUPATION.
1
)
Total.
Native.
Foreign
bom.
Nativ-
ity un-
known.
Total.
Negro.
Indian.
Total.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or
mixed
parent-
age.
Parent-
age un-
known.
other
col-
ored.
Manufacturing and Mechanical Pub-
s uiTS— Con tinued .
Manufacturing and mechanical pursuits common to
1,352
1,317
934
537
329
68
375
8
35
31
1
3
133
315
"2
51
511
199
70
1
368
1,589
133
308
72
51
506
176
70
1
364
1,512
114
202
57
41
350
113
56
1
225
1,093
7S
118
35
27
183
60
35
1
113
640
2S
68
20
12
141
45
15
8
16
2
2
26
8
6
19
103
14
8
155
62
14
3
1
2
1
1
7
6
1
HlHT'faCtiirfirsftnfl nflfiri^ilfl.
Factory overseers, foremen, managers, and su-
perintendents
5
23
3
22
i'
2
All others in this class
98
348
14
99
138
411
1
8
4
77
3
73
1
1
3
222
213
97
65
25
7
116
9
7
1
1
Sailors, except U. S. Navy, boatmen, deck
>l^»I^(tflJ and ^ftTif^l TTiAn , . ,
160
62
513
156
57
476
76
21
350
57
8
181
14
U
132
5
2
37
80
36
125
1
4
5
37
4
3
37
1
1
Koad street, and bridge transportation
Livery stable keepers, managers, carriage and
hack drivers, hostlers and stable hands
212
279
22
643
1S9
265
22
614
132
199
19
453
75
94
12
2S5
48
78
6
129
9
27
1
39
57
65
3
155
i
23
14
23
14
All others in this class
■Railv^iy tra"!?po*"t>fttion . . ,
6
29
3
27
2
106
99
87
215
136
34
177
103
99
87
190
135
34
1
175
93
86
66
93
110
31
162
65
63
34
58
68
16
99
23
IS
27
26
35
13
49
10
8
5
9
7
2
14
3
13
21
93
25
3
12
2
3
Steam railroad engineers and fixeraen
Railroad laborers
4
25
1
23
1
2
1
2
2
50
84
43
2,568
48
84
43
2,530
43
79
40
1,949
19
62
28
1,240
IS
21
10
503
6
6
2
141
5
4
3
534
i
2
2
Taade
47
38
28
2
8
Banking, brokerage, and money lending, capital-
lists, and landlords....
120
199
947
143
302
632
320
410
119
196
936
141
302
631
305
393
99
166
696
60
241
450
237
304
72
127
453
34
139
288
127
195
22
31
182
21
90
133
89
SO
5
8
61
6
12
29
21
23
17
25
216
SO
59
75
62
86
3
5
24
1
2
6
3
1
3
11
7
1
1
Insurance and real estate officials, managers, su-
2
6
5
^/nolesale and retail merchants, dealers, import-
ers, and. exporters
S
3
1
15
17
1
15
14
PuBuc Service
}
Officials of the Army and Navy, soldiers, sailors, and
191
134
Si
1,271
177
131
85
1,225
141'
88
75
1,022
104
50
41
740
23
30
27
186
14
2
7
96
35
42
9
178
1
1
1
25
14
3
11
3
3
46
44
1
1
05
79
61
72
122
198
03
67
86
253
133
72
61
79
60
71
98
197
63
67
83
249
130
67
51
55
46
66
79
182
67
61
53
212
111
49
35
44
25
41
58
120
40
47
34
169
88
33
10
8
14
16
14
35
10
8
IS
2«
14
13
6
3
7
9
7
21
7
6
1
17
9
3
10
22
12
5
19
12
5
6
29
24
17
17
2
2
3
1
4
4
Architects, designers, draftsmen, and inventors
1
1
24
1
1
Authors, editors, reporters, journalists, and other
1
24
1
I
13
2
1
3
4
3
6
3
4
3
4
All others to tjiis class
i
152
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 22.— MALE INSANE 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 WHOSE OCCUPATION
PRIOR TO ADMISSION WAS REPORTED CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND OCCUPATION
PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE— Continued.
MALE INSANE IN HOSPITALS ■WHOSE OCCDPATION PRIOK TO ADMISSION 13 KNOytrS.
Aggre-
gate.
White. j
Colored.
OCCUPATION.
Total.
Native.
Foreign
bom.
Nativ-
ity un-
known.
Total.
Negro.
Indian.
Total.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or
mixed
parent-
age.
Parent-
age un-
known.
Other
col-
ored.
Domestic and Pebsonal Service
1,350
1,093
650
338
261
51
437
6
257
211
46
220
91
258
461
73
158
89
7,172
186
88
254
349
53
88
70
6,280
118
68
171
171
32
41
49
3,824
74
39
75
89
14
17
30
2,172
30
20
87
67
18
24
15
1,251
14
9
9
15
68
19
78
178
26
47
21
2,397
i'
5
59
34
3
4
112
15
70
19
892
34
2
4
89
15
66
1
848
Hotel, restaurant, cali, and luoch-room keepers
1
8
All others in tliis class
4
401
18
Occupations Not Pecouae to Ant One
36
283
716
74
6,068
41
7
282
709
74
5,174
41
7
234
598
66
2,901
25
i
135
354
37
1,628
IS
*
73
208
21
943
6
26
36
8
330
1
46
107
8
2,220
16
3
2
4
S3"
1
884
1
6
1
842
7
35
All others in this class....
Unclassiflable and all other occupations
GENERAL TABLES.
153
Table 23.— FEMALE INSANE 10 YEARS OF AGE AND OVER ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910 WHOSE OCCUPATION
PRIOR TO ADMISSION WAS REPORTED, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND OCCUPATION
PRIOR TO ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
PEIIALE INSANE IN HOSHTALS WHOSE OCCtJPATION PEIOB TO ADMISSION IS KNOWN.
Aggre-
gate.
White.
Colored.
OCCUPATION.
Total.
Native.
Foreign
bom.
Nativ-
ity un-
known.
Total.
Negro.
Indian.
Total.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or
mixed
parent-
age.
Parent-
age un-
known.
Other
col-
ored.
7,061
6,035
4,056
2,210
1,462
384
1,908
71
1,026
1,015
2
9
Agricultuee, Fokestey, anp Animal Hus-
bandry
227
65
58
48
5
5
7
162
162
70
148
9
2
1,319
38
18
9
1
1,293
35
16
7
30
14
4
2
2
1
3
3
2
2
1
411
32
130
32
130
2
11
1
26
1
MANTTFACTUBma AND MECHANICAL PURSUITS.
871
367
442
62
24
2
8
1
733
8
1
721
6
1
489
3
1
213
2
1
2
dnthingf , , ,
238
38
225
7
12
U
1
Clothing makers ...
590
89
54
14
21
47
1
32
191
34
168
578
89
54
13
21
46
1
32
190
34
158
388
69
32
9
15
36
176
24
13
2
8
11
182
39
17
7
6
22
30
6
2
1S3
20
22
4
5
10
1
3
83
16
43
7
12
11
1
i'
1
1
1
3
1
1
29
106
18
114
14
43
8
46
13
55
8
61
2
8
2
7
1
1
1
Manufacturing and. mechanical pursuits common to
1
10
10
156
12
69
43
146
12
68
43
106
8
48
41
42
4
18
20
57
4
30
19
7
39
4
19
2
1
10
10
1
1
1
Tbanspoetation
2
Road, street, and bridge transportation
2
1
2
38
211
2
1
2
38
208
2
1
2
36
163
2
1
Express transportation
2
15
66
19
80
2
17
2
44
1
3
3
125
86
5
650
124
84
S
634
104
59
4
552
53
27
1
382
40
26
3
122
11
6
19
25
1
71
1
1
2
1
2
Public Sebtice
48
11
16
15
1
89
414
147
4,091
88
402
144
3,392
73
368
111
2,026
48
253
81
1,138
19
81
22
667
6
34
8
221
11
27
33
1,322
4
7
44
1
12
3
699
1
12
2
694
All others in this class
2
1
3
Housekeepers and stewards
665
3,030
238
258
5U
644
2,474
128
246
392
43S
1,355
64
169
340
296
720
25
97
174
80
496
32
59
137
62
139
7
13
29
94
1,087
64
77
48
12
32
4
21
556
110
12
119
20
552
110
12
117
2
1
2
Occupations Not Pecut.tar to Any One
Industey oe Service Geoup
2
Accountants, auditors, bookkeepers, and cashiers
71
121
154
162
3
2
70
119
154
46
3
2
CI
106
137
33
3
1
29
55
69
IS
3
28
43
54
12
4
8
14
3
8
11
16
13
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
Laborers (not othenvisespeciGcd)
116
115
1
All othAFs in thf.s rlasa
Unclasslflable and all other occupations
1
1
154 INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Tabm 24,— insane enumerated IN HOSPITALS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY LENGTH
DmSION OE STATE.
INSANE ENUMEEATED IN HOSPITALS ON JANVABY 1,
L910.
Total.
Who have spent
in hospitals for the insane
-
Less than 1 year.
1 year but less than 2.
2 years
but less than 3.
3 years
but less than 4.
TotaL
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
)
187,791
98,695
89,096
23,788
13,363
10,425
15,491
8,235
7,256
14,703
7,760
6,943
11,802
6,299
3,303
GEOQEAPmC DmsiONs:
19,580
52,380
41,246
22, 083
19,952
9,759
8,413
3,674
10,204
9,647
25,787
22,118
12,659
10,372
4,939
4,337
2,308
6,528
9,933
26,593
19, 123
10,024
9,380
4,820
4,076
1,C36
3,670
2,395
6,526
4,619
2,793
2,773
1,458
971
603
l,d3fl
1,279
3,430
2,687
1,051
1,598
817
528
380
993
1,316
3,096
1,932
1,144
1,177
041
443
183
493
1,926
4,003
2 773
1,590 1
1,845
834
844
276
800
979
2,347
1,540
944
863
435
455
173
499
947
2,266
1,233
646
982
399
389
103
301
1,749
4,082
2,741
1,799
1,543
983
738
330
738
876
2,032
1,645
971
748
302
388
207
491
873
2,050
1,196
828
796
481
350
123
247
1,311
3,087
2,204
1,381
1,442
763
688
224
642
659
1,514
1,206
798
729
3S6
368
103
416
652
1,573
998
583
713
377
320
01
220
7
Middle Atlantic
4
5
East Nortli Central
West North Central
7
8
East South Central
West South Central
10
New England:
11
1,258
909
990
11,601
1,243
3,579
31,280
6,042
15,058
10,594
4,527
12,839
6,699
6,687
4,744
6,377
6,168
628
864
1,990
2,912
441
3,220
2,890
3,635
1,722
2,522
1,541
3,132
849
.1,538
2,204
2,039
1,978
1,092
2,158
1,110
4,053
697
388
162
1,199
219
337
342
230
1,987
1,565
6,653
693
40.1
528
5,633
C50
1,680
14,956
2,913
7,919
5,015
2,C05
6,846
3,079
3,743
2,755
2,896
3,231
'407
535
1,141
1,694
237
1,669
2,170
1,779
900
1,032
708
1,531
446
1,968
1,057
981
933
529
1,070
651
2,087
631
256
105
687
128
265
171
165
1,323
1,088
4,115
505
440
402
5,90C
£93
1,899
16,325
3,129
7,139
4,979
2,292
5,993
3,020
2,844
1,989
2,481
2,937
221
329
849
1,218
204
1,651
720
1,856
822
1,490
833
1,601
403
1,570
1,147
1,058
1,045
563
1,088
459
1,966
166
132
57
512
91
72
171
03
662
477
2,537
117
132
105
224
490
3,690
783
2,063
1,333
495
1,331
740
718
505
567
893
104
123
213
390
46
441
397
541
123
400
j 141
587
99
616
162
337
343
180
72
322
397
80
78
29
193
45
51
54
33
377
157
952
67
07
54
734
119
238
1,868
411
1,151
7S3
2CS
769
459
408
303
338
630
55
73
136
214
28
219
320
291
62
177
115
321
67
375
90
184
168
85
41
189
213
60
61
17
118
27
38
37
22
261
135
597
SO
65
51
793
105
252
1,822
372
902
652
227
562
281
310
200
229
303
49
50
77
176
20
222
77
250
61
223
26
266
32
241
72
133
175
95
31
133
184
20
17
12
75
IS
13
17
11
116
22
.155
187
113
49
1,219
116
242
2,747
509
1,34?
653
412
749
427
532
379
349
422
55
85
158
142
25
276
219
•297
80
173
275
413
87
245
206
211
112
151
305
189
199
20
33
8
134
35
11
23
6
231
130
439
106
58
27
605
59
124
1,349
201
737
339
216
423
257
305
220
209
249
34
51
91
90
10
137
177
136
43
63
59
205
33
133
142
105
35
70
155
114
116
17
23
3
70
25
9
16
6
154
104
241
81
55
22
614
67
118
1,398
248
610
314
196
326
170
227
159
140
173
21
34
07
32
13
139
42
161
37
110
216
208
54
112
124
106
37
81
150
73
83
9
8
3
04
10
2
7
77
26
198
137
105
98
1,010
85
314
2,330
451
1,281
873
286
691
485
406
313
371
600
72
69
133
239
36
212
177
208
78
273
96
300
103
326
221
188
248
110
131
117
380
90
42
15
106
19
14
24
21
173
93
470
74
64
53
600
46
140
1,108
211
713
487
164
384
288
222
185
193
294
48
41
73
137
23
95
120
124
40
118
46
133
49
198
101
87
116
63
79
70
184
63
32
9
49
11
13
15
15
.110
72
309
63
41
45
510
40
174
1,242
240
568
386
122
307
197
184
130
178
306
24
28
60
102
13
117
67
144
38
155
60
167
34
128
120
101
132
55
52
47
196
27
10
6
56
8
1
9
6
65
21
161
110
56
71
759
107
202
1,827
378
882
698
238
531
402
373
20S
297
410
36
68
102
183
40
228
272
241
69
173
108
228
83
237
173
160
173
115
210
70
293
59
24
15
66
11
21
13
IS
127
77
438
59
31
39
372
65
93
858
174
482
376
122
287
266
215
134
170
230
40
38
57
109
21
95
202
100
36
63
61
108
47
132
90
87
77
60
112
40
166
50
16
11
51
5
14
7
9
76
64
280
57
25
32
387
42
109
969
204
400
322
116
204
136
160
111
127
180
16
30
45
74
19
133
70
135
33
110
57
120
36
123
83
73
96
63
98
30
127
9
8
4
15
6
7
6
6
a
23
152
1?
l«i
Rhode Island
Middle Atlantic:
New York
IS
19
Of)
East Noeth Centbal:
Ohio
oi
•>?
'■i
West North Centeal:
?6
V
•)S
North Dakota.... .....
?')
30
Nebraska.
11
r>
Soirrn Atlantic:
31
Marylj^qri , ,
34
15
District of Columbia
Virginia
16
West Virginia
17
North Carolina
18
19
Georgia
40
Florida
41
East South Centeal:
4?
Tennessee
41
44
4S
West South Centeal:
Arkansas
46
47
t^
Tpxjis
49
ifOtlNTAIN:
30
Idaho
51
'P
Colorado
51
New Mexico
54
ii5
Utah
56
Nevada
37
PAOFtc:
Washington
58
39
California
GENERAL TABLES.
OF TIME SPENT IN HOSPITALS FOR THE INSANE, AND BY SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
155
INSANE ENUMEEATED IN BOSPITAIS ON JANHAET 1,
1910— continued.
Who have spent In hospitals for the Insane—
4yearg
but less than 5.
5 years but less than 10.
10 years
but less than 15.
15 years
but less than 20.
20 years and
aver.
Years unknown.
TotaL
Male.
To-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
TotaL
Male.
Fe-
male.
TotaL
Male.
Fe-
male.
TotaL
Male.
Fe-
male.
TotaL
Male.
Fe-
male.
10,251
6,270
4,981
37,836
19,548
18,288
23,772
12,289
11,483
15,769
8,146
7,613
20,227
10,198
10,029
14, 162
7,687
6,576
1,166
687
579
4,364
2,163
2,201
2,513
1,211
1,302
1,531
741
790
1,975
973
1,002
450
179
271
2,645
■1,221
1,424
10, 272
4,878
5,394
6,931
3,367
3,564
6,084
2,443
2,641
6,519
3,059
3,460
2,631
1,496
1,135
•
2,043
1,133
910
8,139
4,395
3,744
6,021
2,6:i
2,360
3,380
1,768
1,614
4,519
2,274
2,245
5,747
2,851
2,896
■
1,266
692
574
4,696
2,612
2,084
3,171
1,726
1,446
2,093
1,19<!
899
2,355
1,247
1,108
1,637
825
712
1,040
499
541
4,024
2,049
1,975
2,399
1,246
1,163
1,259
626
633
1,974
1,015
959
1,651
999
652
1
627
2S2
345
2,035
1,009
1,026
1,089
646
543
689
348
341
1,049
509
640
232
105
127
712
369
343
1,757
890
867
1,077
638
639
610
292
318
608
318
288
410
191
219
1
205
143
62
678
390
288
468
297
171
332
210
122
257
178
79
241
167
74
f
547
344
203
1,871
1,162
709
1,103
698
405
781
626
255
973
625
348
1,263
774
4S9
U
98
56
42
266
153
113
128
76
53
91
53
38
89
40
49
29
10
19
1
65
32
33
232
126
106
c 66
25
41
47
22
25
62
32
30
31
6
25
r
49
28
21
226
133
93
166
86
80
75
38
37
128
DO
73
23
16
8
ir
6S3
330
347
2,682
1,286
1,396
1,506
731
776
877
412
465
1,086
558
628
252
99
163
i^
68
33
35
229
112
117
141
69
72
95
57
38
125
67
68
53
24
29
1.
203
102
101
729
353
376
606
226
281
346
159
187
485
221
• 264
62
25
37
«
I,56S
706
862
6,077
2,802
3,275
4,471
2,126
2,346
3, .589
1,767
1,822
4,462
2,112
2,350
499
259
240
r
318
141
177
1,277
694
6.53
868
435
433
490
231
269
806
360
446
162
95
67
1:
759
374
385
2,918
1,482
1,436
1,592
806
786
1,005
445
660
1,251
687
664
1,970
1,142
828
1!
609
327
282
2,481
1,332
1,149
1,379
705
674
890
480
410
1,013
490
523
663
296
367
2(
248
134
114
1,084
558
626
635
318
317
606
202
3M
481
199
282
142
54
8S
2
485
268
217
1,876
1,009
867
1,073
564
609
6S4
332
252
1,094
551
643
4,406
2,259
2,146
2-
365
206
159
1,341
722
619
939
607
432
728
373
356
972
600
472
300
101
199
■£
336
198
138
1,367
774
583
995
667
428
672
379
293
969
634
425
237
141
96
■n
226
121
105
897
508
3S9
741
448
293
506
294
212
630
332
298
280
188
92
%
283
160
123
1,100
590
610
740
362
378
632
302
230
668
299
259
580
273
307
2
381
206
175
1,266
669
697
837
417
420
476
239
237
685
266
319
298
131
167
IT
45
33
12
137
102
35
55
32
23
45
25
20
64
36
19
5
3
2
2)
54
25
29
168
104
64
127
87
40
94
67
27
74
48
28
2
1
1
2<
94
51
43
407
217
190
243
137
106
168
96
62
136
71
64
347
212
135
3
183
98
87
721
422
299
428
212
186
282
171
111
319
196
123
26
17
8
3
34
17
17
91
49
42
48
30
18
67
37
30
44
20
24
10
4
6
3
147
54
93
591
241
350
393
182
211
222
83
139
370
160
210
340
303
37
3.
95
61
34
703
519
184
336
250
85
181
137
44
493
369
124
18
15
3
■M
225
109
116
772
376
397
455
227
228
321
172
149
498
227
271
17
12
6
3.
62
31
31
166
91
74
112
69
43
37
14
23
6
3
3
990
611
479
3
147
67
80
536
198
338
370
162
208
184
78
106
256
103
153
10
3
7
3-
73
43
30
271
131
140
143
62
81
83
26
58
115
47
68
236
129
107
.3!
202
85
117
659
320
339
428
211
217
146
73
73
168
75
93
1
1
3
55
32
23
236
125
111
115
63
62
18
7
11
24
11
13
29
22
7
4(
226
105
121
691
373
318
414
237
177
235
136
99
454
240
214
74
39
35
4
12:1
60
63
475
223
252
268
124
144
172
81
91
209
87
122
135
69
76
4-
132
56
76
407
191
216
212
90
122
133
64
69
239
111
128
20
6
14
4;
146
61
85
462
222
240
196
95
100
149
67
82
147
71
76
3
1
2
M
119
61
68
118
64
54
97
60
47
53
25
28
41
15
26
108
64
44
4.
165
81
S4
425
228
197
323
141
182
207
88
119
189
109
80
131
36
95
41
80
348
46
191
34
157
185
1,029
111
4S7
74
512
63
694
27
320
36
274
16
334
11
168
5
166
68
103
43
48
25
55
4'
376
194
182
4i
37
29
.8
129
87
42
108
88
20
87
68
19
66
57
9
IS
12
3
4!
19
19
10
n
9
8
72
37
44
24
28
13
52
19
32
13
20
6
47
11
24
S
23
3
21
5
12
4
9
1
61
4
3
6
57
46
U
264
144
110
156
98
68
88
61
37
73
38
35
73
22
51
61
24
14
15
10
9
4
39
36
17
23
22
13
28
22
17
12
11
10
17
14
10
10
7
4
1
12
1
11
■>:
1
142
125
17
«
IS
9
9
74
29
45
63
24
39
45
22
23
26
11
15
2
1
,v
17
13
*
37
22
16
20
13
7
23
17
6
53
44
9
5
4
5e
103
71
32
350
225
125
187
119
68
146
08
48
78
52
26
213
159
64
63
69
49
20
283
1S9
74
147
109
38
113
S2
31
141
100
35
376
188
187
.51
375
224
151
1,258
743
510
769
470
299
622
346
176
7.';4
467
2S7
675
427
243
5S
156
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 25.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY KACE, NATIVITY
DmSlON, AND KCMBER OF PREVIOUS
ADMISSIONS TO UOSFITALS.
msANE admitted to eosfitai.1 in 1910.
Aggregate.
White.
TotaL
Native.
TotaL
Native parentage.
TotaL
Male.
Female.
TotaL
Male.
Female.
TotaL
Male.
Female.
TotaL
Male.
Female.
1
United States
60,769
1 34,116
26,653
56,182
31,646
24,538
39,629
22,190
17,439
24,534
13,792
10,742
Previous admissions:
None
7
40,130
9,853
2,474
855
336
406
6,715
1
22,427
1 5,439
1,311
446
173
191
4,129
17,703
4,414
1,163
409
163
215
2,586
36,878
9,435
2,378
821
325
402
5,943
20,704
5,214
1,258
428
167
190
3,685
16,174
4,221
1,120
393
158
212
2,258
25,830
6,837
1,775
622
261
318
3,986
14,441
3,783
964
330
138
159
2,375
11,389
3,054
811
292
123
159
1,611
16,572
4,005
1,098
422
178
217
2,042
9,305
2,197
610
223
90
109
1,253
7,267
1,808
488
194
88
103
789
1
1
4
2
5
3
6
4 . ..
7
5 or more
S
<1
6,986
3,632
3,354
6,862
3,566
3,296
4,369
2,315
2,054
2,609
1,337
1,272
Previous admissions:
10
4,757
1,323
419
146
59
84
198
14,669
2,535
WS
205
67
29
34
114
7,866
2,222
675
214
79
30
50
84
6,803
4,669
1,299
414
144
59
83
194
14,209
2,490
636
203
65
29
33
110
7,621
2,179
663
211
79
30
50
84
6,588
2,847
907
289
96
40
63
127
8,687
1,552
456
146
45
20
28
68
4,758
1,295
451
143
51
20
35
59
3,929
1,717
520
157
67
30
47
71
4,708
1 914
251
74
31
14
18
35
2,606
803
269
83
36
16
29
36
2,102
17
1
1''
2
13
3
M
4
15
in
Not reported . ,.
17
AfTDTlT.F ATI.ANTlr
Previons admissions:
None
IS
10,560
2,519
544
219
79
80
668
13,191
5,575
1,341
300
106
36
33
475
7,548
4,985
1,178
244
113
43
47
193
5,643
10,214
2,453
535
217
77
80
633
12,867
5,390
1,310
296
106
36
33
- 450
7,347
4,824
1,143
239
111
41
47
183
5,520
6,089
1,560
3S5
160
58
56
379
9,203
3,271
870
226
75
30
23
263
5,113
2,818
690
159
85
28
33
116
4,090
3,407
766
224
87
34
28
162
5,215
i 1,847
' lf7
1 f8
13
115
1 2,889
1,560
333
87
44
16
15
47
2,326
19
1
•"O
2
?1
3
V?
4
?3
5 or more
?4
25
East North Central
Previous admissions:
None
^fi
8,794
2,271
597
195
83
122
1,129
7,459
5,055
1,270
316
104
45
64
694
4,180
3,739
1,001
281
91
38
58
435
3,279
8,554
2,239
591
194
80
122
1,087
7,180
4,915
1,245
311
103
42
64
667
4,024
3,639
994
280
91
38
58
420
3,156
6,060
1,661
460
148
73
100
701
5,070
3,381
904
233
84
38
55
418
2,828
2,679
757
227
64
35
45
283
2,242
3,500
893
257
100
52
69
344
2,826
1,931
476
136
64
24
39
209
1,605
1,549
417
121
46
28
30
135
1,221
77
1
?S
■M
3
30
4
31
5 or more
3?
33
Previous admissions:
31
4,495
1,308
324
81
42
49
1,160
6,725
2,602
787
153
45
26
21
546
3,730
1,893
521
171
36
16
28
614
2,995
4,336
1,260
318
80
42
48
1,096
4,820
2,502
758
150
45
26
21
522
2,731
1,834
502
168
35
16
27
574
2,089
3,174
888
180
54
31
35
708
4,417
1,807
523
100
31
20
15
332
2,478
1,367
365
80
23
11
20
376
1,939
1,796
467
91
27
16
20
409
3,471
1,035
267
55
IS
11
9
210
1,994
761
200
36
9
5
11
199
1,477
3'>
1
36
2
37
3
3S
4
39
40
Not reported
41
Previous admissions;
4'
4,843
691
210
77
27
25
852
3,685
2,663
365
103
48
11
13
527
2,069
2,180
326
107
29
16
12
325
1,616
3,217
579
173
61
23
24
743
2,732
1,826
308
83
39
9
13
453
1,599
1,391
271
90
22
14
11
290
1,133
2,994
531
164
59
22
23
624
2,637
1,682
282
79
37
9
13
376
1,534
1,312
249
85
22
13
10
248
1,103
2,507
412
132
49
18
IS
335
2,284
1,430
227
69
S3
7
10
218
1,326
1,077
185
63
If
n?
96S
43
1
2
4S
3
46
47
4R
49
>»
2,004
512
159
61
20
22
901
2,968
1,130
272
90
31
14
12
520
1,622
874
240
69
30
12
10
381
1,346
1,551
432
133
52
■ 24
21
519
2,609
905
241
74
28
13
12
326
1,430
646
191
59
24
11
9
193
1,179
1,485
422
131
51
24
21
503
2,321
860
236
72
28
13
12
313
1,260
625
1S6
59
23
11
9
190
1,061
1,240
388
122
47
23
20
444
1,978
709
220
66
25
13
12
281
1,084
631
168
56
22
10
8
163
S94
Pil
1
,S?
2
■13
3
,S4
4
S5
56
Not reported
57
West South Central.
Previous admissions:
None
PiR
2,159
427
77
23
6
8
263
1,181
226
43
17
4
4
147
978
201
34
11
2
4
116
1,910
393
72
27
6
8
193
1,058
205
41
16
4
4
102
852
188
31
11
\
91
1,695
367
70
26
6
S
149
924
192
41
16
4
4
79
771
175
29
10
2
4
70
1,513
315
60
24
2
7
57
830
164
35
15
1
3
3«
683
151
25
9
1
*
21
.19
1
60
2
61
3
6?
fi.3
84
GENERAL TABLES.
PARENTAGE, SEX, AND NUMBER OF PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS TO HOSPITALS, BY DIVISIONS.
157
INSANE ADMITTEO TO HOsnT/M.s Dt 1910— Continued
White— Continued.
Negro.
Indian.
other colored.
Native— Continued.
1
i
Foreign bom.
Nativity unknown.
Foreign or mixed
parentage.
Parentage im)mo«-n.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
10,685
6.996
4,689
4,410
2.402
2,008
15,523
8,838
6,685
1,030
618
412
4,384
2,304
2.080
51
32
19
152
134
18
1
7,013
2,118
541
162
66
84
701
3.950
1,205
285
85
36
42
393
3,063
913
256
77
30
42
308
2,245
714
136
38
17
17
1,243
1,186
381
69
17
12
8
729
1,059
333
67
21
5
9
514
10, 673
2,497
532
191
62
83
1,485
6.042
1,378
284
95
28
31
980
4.631
1,119
248
96
34
52
605
375
101
71
8
2
1
472
221
53
10
3
1
330
154
48
61
5
1
1
142
3,129
395
92
33
10
4
721
1,620
207
61
18
6
1
401
1,509
188
41
15
4
3
320
32
9
2
1
1
23
6
9
3
2
1
1
91
14
2
80
12
2
11
2
2
3
4
■;
5
7
6
3
3
45
40
6
8
1,523
852
671
237
126
111
2,438
1,225
1,213
65
26
29
102
S3
49
22
13
9
<)79
339
115
26
10
15
39
3.472
556
184
64
13
6
10
19
1,861
423
155
51
13
4
5
20
1,611
151
48
17
3
82
21
S
1
69
27
9
2
1,786
389
124
47
19
20
53
5.433
923
180
57
19
9
6
32
2,809
863
209
67
28
10
15
21
2,624
36
3
1
1
15
""'l'
21
3
1
72
20
5
2
36
10
2
2
36
10
3
16
4
S
2
7
2
10
]0
14
1
17
507
14'
291
1
3
216
1
2
439
1
2
227
14
89
10
54
4
35
2
17
2
17
16
212
4
1
3
17
2,445
689
148
69
22
26
73
3,077
1,304
375
82
31
11
10
48
1,738
1,141
314
66
38
11
16
25
1,339
237
105
13
4
2
2
144
911
120
62
7
1
1
"166'
486
117
43
6
3
1
2
44
425
4,101
877
148
55
19
24
209
3,365
2,107
431
69
31
6
10
155
2,035
1,994
446
79
24
13
14
54
1,330
24
16
2
2
12
9
1
12
7
1
2
330
65
8
1
1
169
31
3
161
34
5
1
1
1
1
1
......
15
15
18
10
1
1
1
1
1
1
0]
99
03
46
299
32
199
13
100
34
304
24
186
10
118
1
11
1
10
1
?4
9
5
i
25
2,021
628
175
39
18
26
170
1,560
1,147
355
80
26
12
13
105
862
874
273
95
13
6
13
65
698
539
140
28
9
3
5
187
684
283
73
17
4
2
3
104
361
256
67
11
5
1
2
83
323
2,368
552
124
44
7
22
248
1,790
1,458
322
72
17
4
9
153
1,026
910
230
52
27
3
13
95
764
126
26
7
2
76
19
6
2
50
7
1
227
28
5
1
3
131
21
5
1
3
96
7
5
3
1
2
3
3
' "i'
8
1
7
1
1
26
27
•)<>
30
31
138
320
96
170
42
150
40
260
25
142
15
118
2
7
2
7
?*>
12
7
5
33
979
300
62
20
11
11
177
215
565
184
32
11
6
4
60
126
414
116
30
9
5
7
117
89
399
121
27
7
4
4
122
731
207
72
13
2
3
2
62
358
192
49
14
5
1
2
60
373
1,046
349
79
24
10
13
269
352
627
220
48
14
6
6
105
227
419
129
31
10
4
7
164
125
116
23
59
2
1
68
15
2
43
8
67
2
1
145
45
5
1
88
27
3
57
18
2
1
7
3
1
5
2
2
1
1
7
7
34
?5
36
37
38
1
63
1,900
■■24'
995
1
39
905
39
119
51
85
26
34
25
1
1
1
1
40
4
3
1
41
117
38
U
4
1
3
41
84
69
21
5
2
2'
27
57
48
17
6
2
1
1
14
27
370
81
21
6
3
2
248
269
183
34
6
2
2
i
131
151
187
47
16
4
1
1
117
118
208
43
8
2
1
136
24
4
2
72
19
4
15
5
1
8
2
7
3
1
1,621
112
37
16
4
1
109
950
833
57
20
9
2
"'74'
468
788
55
17
7
2
1
35
482
1
1
4
3
1
42
43
44
45
1
46
1
29
10
"ie
10
1
13
47
90
85
61
65
29
30
48
3
2
1
49
63
13
3
1
1
41
9
3
1
22
4
i'
182
21
6
3
110
7
3
2
72
14
3
1
60
10
1
1
39
6
1
21
6
i'
6
6
453
9
f
379
343
225
31
16
3
1
"192
179
228
49
10
6
1
1
187
164
■in
51
1
1
V
.53
54
1
56
252
29'
125
1
27
127
55
3
91
3
51
40
13
230
10
140
3
90
3
58
3
30
28
3
7
2
6
1
1
56
9
7
2
57
87
12
4
1
1
39
7
2
28
5
2
1
1
115
40
6
1
3
1
86
55
21
4
1
3
1
40
60
19
2
189
22
2
118
12
71
10
2
26
4
16
1
10
3
237
33
5
1
114
20
2
1
123
13
3
7
5
2
5
1
4
1
1
58
59
60
1
1
61
6?
63
«
3
3
46
i?
10
7
27
is
14
67
h
25
2
2
i
i
64
158 INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 25.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE,
DmSION, AND NUMBER OF PREVIOUS
ADMISSIONS TO HOSPITALS.
INSANE ADMITTED TO
HOSPITALS IN 1910.
Aggregate.
White.
Total.
Native.
Total.
Native parentage.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
]
Mountain
1,623
1,134
489
1,577
1,106
471
1,006
6S6
320
568
392
176
Previous admissions:
None.
o
760
360
42
11
5
6
439
3,463
528
249
27
8
3
3
316
2,335
232
111
15
3
2
3
123
1,128
734
352
41
U
5
6
428
3,326
512
242
27
8
3
3
311
2,222
222
110
14
3
2
3
117
1,104
498
218
32
8
4
4
242
1,919
336
151
20
5
2
3
169
1,218
162
67
12
3
2
1
73
701
371
100
24
4
2
3
64
875
259
69
14
2
1
2
45
559
112
31
10
2
1
1
19
316
■^
1
2
5
3
4
^
1)
Pacific
Previous admissions:
None
10
1,758
442
102
37
9
10
1,105
1,158
281
74
20
5
7
790
600
161
28
17
4
3
315
1,693
428
101
35
9
10
1,050
1,106
269
73
18
5
7
744
687
159
28
17
4
3
306
988
283
64
20
3
8
553
628
169
47
9
2
6
357
360
114
17
11
1
2
196
521
144
31
17
1
5
156
330
90
24
7
1
3
104
191
54
7
10
11
1
2
IT
3
4
111
2
62
1R
GENERAL TABLES. 159
SEX, AND NUMBER OF PREVIOUS ADMISSIONS TO HOSPITALS, BY DIVISIONS— Continued.
msAKE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910— Continued.
White— Continued.
Negro.
TnHlftn
Other colored.
Native— Continued.
Foreign bom.
Nativity unknown.
Foreign or ralied
parentage.
Parentage unknovn.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
166
117
49
272
177
95
515
3SS
127
56
1 32
24
29
16
13
8
4
4
9
8
1
1
85
31
6
2
1
1
*1
497
£4
28
4
1
i'
29
332
31
3
1
1
1
42
87
3
2
1
23
54
2
2
1
19
33
1
226
115
9
3
1
2
159
1.315
168
88
7
3
1
""i23
933
58
29
2
10
19
8
2
14
14
7
1
7
6
7
1
1
6
*
2
6
1
5
1
1
2
3
4
6
7
8
9
2
36
382
12
16S
137
547
95
327
42
220
27
92
19
! 71
8
21
7
57
3
38
4
19
2
8
7
2
1
2
72
2
68
4
257
68
18
175
42
13
82
26
5
210
71
15
3
1
1
246
123
37
10
2
i'
154
87
34
5
1
1
92"
689
140
37
15
5
2
427
466
98
26
9
2
1
331
223
42
11
6
3
1
98
16
6
12
2
j
4
3
30
5
17
4
13
1
S
2
S
1
......
30
7
1
30
7
1
10
11
2
2
n
1
2
161
1
2
99
M
1
1
11
1^
70
S6
14
20
15
6
1
1
34
30
4
le
160
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 26.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910. CLASSIFIED BY DURATION OF PRESENT ATTACK BEFORE
ADMISSION, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
insane admitted to hospitals in 1910.
DIVISION OR STATE.
Total.
Duration ol present attack before admission.
Less than
1 mouth.
1 month
bnt less
than 3.
3 months
but less
thane.
6 months
but less
than 12.
1 year
but less
than 2.
2 years
but less
than 4.
4 years
but less
thane.
6 years
but less
than 10.
10 years
but less
than 15.
15 years
but less
than 20.
20 years
and over.
Time un-
known.
United States
60,769
7,603
12,867
5,845
5,013
5,192
5,234
2,219
1,604
1,232
Oil
1,183
12,166
GEOGEAPinc divisions:
6,986
14,M)9
13, 191
7,459
6,725
3,685
2,968
1,623
3,463
903
2,056
1,074
883
885
451
541
234
576
1,404
3,327
2,429
1,468
1,692
958
620
314
649
648
1,631
1,177
616
818
377
314
105
259
561
1,336
1,161
623
622
2.59
274
100
177
MI
1,355
1,120
675
534
392
224
143
192
C49
1,445
1,162
625
514
260
277
97
205
313
598
503
249
206
122
100
37
91
247
404
338
209
176
74
73
28
56
197
307
261
151
131
60
71
21
33
96
143
132
05
72
39
42
13
9
255
233
266
136
127
70
05
17
25
1,062
Middle Atlantic
1,934
East North Central ....
3,572
West North Central
1,960
949
023
Wost South Central. . . .
361
514
Pacific ^
1,191
New England:
509
320
270
4,236
490
1,155
8,530
1,640
4,499
3,336
1,270
4,053
1,974
2,558
1,425
1,611
2,779
224
204
411
905
127
1,273
597
1,234
493
916
646
1,112
325
1,227
932
831
696
255
491
743
1,479
278
203
42
722
84
135
103
66
8St
590
1,989
43
■ 62
22
601
47
128
1,322
258
476
241
154
308
170
201
159
323
192
57
1
62
89
23
231
43
215
39
156
174
4
81
65
47
80S
76
267
1,861
291
1,175
912
269
571
392
285
161
240
686
37
74
77
193
39
302
155
364
88
217
114
353
54
36
21
371
53
113
929
189
413
401
169
269
166
172
111
106
197
24
22
39
117
13
110
146
130
50
U8
70
151
34
33
17
332
41
104
811
152
373
413
156
267
173
152
105
92
177
15
7
31
96
12
120
72
103
35
83
70
127
60
28
34
360
68
101
811
139
405
283
145
312
204
182
125
105
213
14
15
23
80
8
85
33
105
43
83
52
125
32
25
34
399
68
101
901
153
391
318
135
294
210
205
182
116
150
17
17
29
114
7
84
28
99
41
78
45
132
20
4
18
186
27
58
386
51
161
104
62
149
94
94
65
46
66
6
1
13
52
6
33
14
38
18
32
17
48
13
10
10
161
18
35
248
51
105
63
46
105
65
69
75
39
46
8
4
13
24
2
23
10
28
20
25
26
41
21
5
16
96
12
47
159
31
117
42
18
81
75
45
41
23
34
4
3
7
39
4
11
7
32
7
13
17
40
8
7
3
61
2
15
70
28
45
21
15
37
38
21
18
10
18
28
4
10
157
17
39
93
36
104
35
24
103
60
44
37
24
51
115
47
38
644
71
C-onnecticut
147
Middle Atlantic:
New York
939
261
734
East North Centeal:
Ohio
603
77
Illinois
1,557
'337
1,098
West North Central:
346
381
949
42
South Dakota
4
8
11
4
22
3
20
15
13
11
39
56
5
8
2
12
104
Kansas
82
South Atlantic:
7
Maryland
180
86
Virginia
14
7
9
5
23
86
132
North Carolina
59
45
Georgia
29
325
East South Central:
110
104
63
174
330
194
298
136
61
63
172
338
89
72
12
45
21
19
29
27
125
22
502
114
105
125
33
20
46
70
178
13
21
3
41
6
10
6
S
70
17
172
82
81
62
34
24
52
56
143
12
11
96
88
88
120
17
35
50
122
14
10
4
84
7
4
9
5
49
13
130
82
53
77
48
50
31
71
125
10
6
3
55
8
3
8
4
55
32
118
52
21
29
20
17
9
31
43
2
2
2
19
6
35
9
17
13
20
U
16
20
4
3
4
5
2
25
7
6
22
14
7
22
23
5
2
1
6
1
1
4
2
10
9
14
18
6
7
8
5
5
15
17
3
39
16
7
8
6
18
19
22
3
2
244
Tennessee
248
52
Mississippi
79
West South Central:
21
47
126
308
175
96
Texas
69
Mountain:
Montana
123
28
9
135
10
34
17
1
214
55
307
40
2
5
2
54
6
7
4
6
41
25
111
8
3
266
14
67
Utah
6
10
2
1
1
1
7
1
7
5
PAcmc:
Washington
24
Hi
51
15
9
32
1
13
11
279
378
Calilornia
634
GENERAL TABLES.
161
Table 27.— INSANE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY DURATION OF PRESENT ATTACK BEFORE
ADMISSION, AND BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND SEX, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
SEX, KACE, NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE.
BOTH SEXES.
Aggregate
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage
Parentage urLknown
Forei^ bom ,
Nativity unknown
Colored
Negro
Indian
Other colored
MALE.
Aggregate
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage.
Parentage unknown
Foreign bom
Nativity unknown
Colored
Negro
Indian
Other colored
FEMALE.
Aggregate
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage.
Parentage unioiown
Foreign bora
Nativity unknown
Colored
N^o
Indian
Other colored
maiNE ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
Total.
60,769
56,182
39,629
24,634
10,685
4,410
15,623
1,030
4,5S7
4,384
51
152
34,116
31,646
22,190
13,792
5,996
2,402
8,838
618
2,470
2,304
32
134
26,653
24,536
17,439
10,742
4,689
2,008
6,685
412
2,117
2,080
19
18
Duration of present attack before admission.
than 1
month.
,603
6,769
4,503
2,767
1,261
475
2,205
61
834
804
2
28
4,335
3,897
2,607
1,618
723
266
1,244
46
438
414
24
3,268
2,872
1,896
1,149
538
209
961
l.T
396
390
2
4
1 month
but less
than 3.
3 months
but less
than 6.
12,867
11,834
8,465
5,671
2,142
752
3,256
113
1,033
983
10
40
7,215
6,633
4,690
3,123
1,179
388
1,S74
5S2
539
7
36
5,652
5,845
5,415
4,041
2,660
1,027
354
1,331
43
430
406
3
21
3,065
5,201
3,775
2,448
963
364
1,382
44
451
444
3
4
2,864
2,131
1,413
537
181
714
19
201
181
2
18
2,780
2,551
1,910
1,247
490
173
617
24
229
225
1
3
6 months
but less
than 12.
5,013
4,668
3,385
2,165
915
305
1,238
45
315
339
2
4
2,792
2,595
1,889
1,216
501
172
684
22
197
194
2,221
2,073
1,496
949
414
133
554
23
148
145
2
1
lyear
but less
than 2.
5,192
4,836
3,595
2,295
956
344
1,189
52
356
344
4
2,942
2,739
2,047
1,301
661
196
666
26
203
193
3
7
2,250
2,097
1,548
994
405
149
523
26
153
151
1
1
2 years
but less
than 4.
6,234
4,951
3,604
2,273
1,005
326
1,299
48
283
277
4
2
2,814
2,680
1,969
1,242
547
180
681
30
134
129
3
2
2,420
2,271
1,635
1,031
458
146
618
IS
149
148
1
4 years
but less
than 6.
2,219
2,094
1,547
966
432
149
526
22
125
119
4
2
1,107
1,046
802
525
201
76
231
13
61
56
3
2
1,112
6 years
but less
than 10.
1,604
1,533
1 135
703
317
115
387
11
71
64
5
2
1,048
746
411
231
73
294
9
64
63
1
779
587
376
156
56
185
7
34
29
3
2
791
754
648
327
162
59
202
4
37
35
2
10 years
but less
than 16.
1,232
1,171
936
600
249
87
228
692
470
295
133
42
119
3
33
32
1
607
679
466
305
116
45
109
4
28
28
15 years
but leas
than 20.
584
476
297
130
49
100
328
308
257
168
74
25
48
3
20
19
1
283
276
219
139
66
24
52
5
20 years
and
over.
1,183
1,141
954
605
237
112
179
638
617
616
328
139
49
97
4
21
21
546
624
438
277
98
63
82
4
21
21
Time
un-
known.
12,166
11,186
6,988
3,632
2,014
1,342
3,586
612
920
15
4S
7,442
6,896
4,225
2,197
1,258
772
2,295
378
546
497
4,724
4,290
2,763
1,436
768
670
1,291
236
434
423
27622°— 14 11
163
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 28.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO WERE DISCHARGED OR TRANSFERRED, OR
DIVISION OR STATE.
INSANE IN HOSPITAIS IN 1910.
White.
Discharged.
Died.
Transferred to in.sti-
tutions not Jor the
insane.
Transferred to other hospitals for the insane.
Committed prior
to 1910.
Committed in
1910.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
1
27.614
15,261
12,353
16,868
9,939
6,929
279
200
79
3,705
1,849
1,866
1,467
894
673
Geographic divisions:
New England
?
3,308
6,706
6,501
3,380
2,507
1,093
1,351
646
1,463
1,666
3,607
3,661
1,869
1,436
985
753
456
933
1,642
3,198
2,850
1,511
1,131
708
698
190
625
1,985
4,707
4,004
2,066
1,377
749
681
359
940
1,084
2, .591
2,423
1,304
808
415
3S3
264
667
901
2,116
1,681
762
569
334
298
95
273
61
26
43
69
20
12
6
7
66
36
23
34
36
15
7
3
2
44
15
3
9
23
5
6
2
5
12
5!S
749
1,155
832
140
29
78
193
11
273
389
602
332
67
17
23
146
11
245
3C0
653
50O
83
12
65
48
232
334
311
311
98
26
56
71
28
104
196
190
23S
61
17
27
48
23
128
138
121
73
47
9
29
23
6
3
Middle A tlantic
4
fi
West North Central
A
7
East South Central
8
West South Central
9
Mountain
10
New England:
11
212
1/2
163
1,885
279
637
3,812
813
2,080
1,817
661
1,906
1,099
1,118
719
802
1,162
60
75
146
416
66
587
233
380
259
365
214
409
64
601
439
396
257
91
163
418
679
114
89
18
269
2S
45
53
30
458
303
702
118
66
S8
918
161
326
1,967
403
1,137
1,037
261
1,110
689
648
426
423
610
38
46
90
236
31
309
180
205
137
165
114
256
39
345
278
225
137
52
75
248
378
84
66
12
177
20
38
36
23
304
201
433
94
76
65
967
128
312
1,847
410
943
780
300
790
510
470
293
379
652
22
29
66
180
25
278
53
175
122
200
100
153
25
256
161
171
120
39
88
170
301
30
23
6
92
8
7
17
7
154
102
269
166
145
110
1,128
133
303
2,686
681
1,440
1,108
415
1,304
690
487
381
486
636
63
74
172
264
38
268
198
222
162
123
95
216
66
34«
166
143
94
96
131
132
322
70
33
10
110
38
43
36
19
216
148
876
83
79
62
620
73
167
1,465
335
791
687
262
753
423
298
248
301
371
39
60
114
ISl
20
140
160
130
90
63
68
HI
36
196
94
73
53
54
63
80
186
68
23
7^
32
35
19
12
165
114
388
83
66
48
508
60
136
1,221
246
649
421
153
551
267
189
133
185
266
14
24
58
83
18
128
38
92
72
60
37
104
20
151
72
70
41
42
68
62
136
12
10
4
31
6
8
17
7
51
34
188
33
3
6
431
9
36
618
47
84
15
464
39
61
586
166
28
622
9
14
2
3
233
3
18
320
23
46
6
203
24
32
337
93
13
216
5
19
1
3
198
6
18
298
24
38
9
261
15
19
249
72
15
406
4
6
11
1
121
20
73
243
7
84
48
42
38
78
106
10
45
208
2
1
1
6
1
49
11
36
143
6
47
27
18
31
60
64
4
31
172
2
1
6
5
■■■72'
9
37
100
1
37
21
24
7
28
41
6
14
36
1?
New Hampshire
2
1
1
n
14
Massachusetts
46
34
12
in
ir.
- ' Connecticut
3
13
7
6
7
1
13
6
4
3
2
i'
2
4
17
Middle Atlantic:
1H
New Jersey
19
?n
East Noeth Central:
?i
??
Illinois
22
7
7
1
11
44
20
6
5
1
7
26
2
1
2
i'
18
71
Michigan
?4
?'i
West North Centeal:
Minnp'^'iti^
76
Iowa
?7
?8
North Dakota
?9
South Dakota
in
1
2
i'
1
31
8
S
3
46
28
17
V>
South Atlantic:
f?
Marviand
is
3
8
3
6
M
6
2
1
75
27
2
1
25"
27
4
1
1
60
58
16
27
16
31
1
34
IS
District of Cohimbla.
16
4
4
1
8
2
1
6
17
IS
South Carolina
19
2
2
14
1
18
7
6
1
11
6
8
7
1
Florida
41
East South Centbal:
6
7
5
2
6
27
2
15
2
12
f
Tennessee
41
Alabama ... . .
1
1
West South Central:
46
1
1
3
1
2"
i"
1
46
1
32
6
1
16
39
ie'
25
3
28
8
1
IS
17
2
10
47
Oklahoma
4S
49
Mountain:
45
34
11
f,]
Wvomlne
1''
Colorado
7
2
5
I4S
111
37
70
48
22
51
New Mexico
M
1
1
ns
Utah
66
67
Pacific:
1
1
26
1
1
21
i'
■iS
Oregon
44
12
35
9
9
3
64
Cplifnmia
11
11
GENERAL TABLES.
WHO DIED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY COLOR AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
163
INSANE m HOSPITALS IN 1910— Continued .
Colored.
Discharged.
Died.
II
Transferred to institutions
not lor tlie insane.
Transferred to other hospitals for the insane.
Committed prior to 1910.
Committed in 1910.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
1,690
932
758
2,050
1,106
950
26
23
3
98
47
51
34
29
5
1
35
166
108
90
059
357
173
20
82
25
83
67
55
330
190
88
18
76
10
83
41
35
329
167
85
2
6
35
175
119
94
950
4S4
145
13
41
21
87
81
61
507
224
84
7
34
14
88
38
33
443
260
61
6
7
2
1
12
7
3
2
1
11
5
3
9
21
18
7
9
9
15
2
i
2
12
9
26
1
1
2
2
25
2
1
1
1
2
23
1
1
3
i
1
2
2
1
1
S
6
7
S
9
10
i
1
4
1
3
1
1
1
1
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
1
1
1
1
27
2
6
70
29
67
3S
15
41
9
5
3
4
So
19
2
4
3)
17
35
23
6
31
4
3
3
2
36
8
23
3
8
57
21
97
39
20
48
9
3
4
10
49
12
3
5
34
9
44
26
15
31
8
1
3
7
31
11
1
1
9
7
2
1
1
2
39
12
32
15
10
5
2
3
23
12
53
13
5
17
1
2
1
3
18
.
1
1
17
3
1
6
2
1
11
1
2
1
1
11
1
2
4
1
5
6
1
12
11
1
2
2
2
2
1
23
24
2S
26
27
28
29
30
31
2
2
19
7
5
2"
39
1
13
1
2«
22
20
2
2
1
25
7
50
67
158
13
98
122
97
47
66
131
41
119
5
S3
41
74
6
s
2
1
11
1
25
29
76
5
61
56
50
26
34
62
11
60
4
23
20
38
1
7
2
22
10
53
81
199
12
91
202
240
62
78
79
184
143
22
55
23
45
2
4
2
14
3
27
46
109
8
52
92
130
40
57
25
84
58
14
32
14
24
2
3
14
6
25
38
82
8
37
66
47
21
32
69
30
59
1
30
21
36
5
5
8
7
26
35
90
4
39
no
110
22
21
54
100
85
8
23
9
21
3
3
i
1
i
1
1
i
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
1
■^s
40
1
1
1
1
42
43
44
1
1
46
48
49
'
1
50
1
5
1
1
1
2
4
S
32
1
2
1
51
50
3
3
3
3
3
53
54
55
1
1
4 !
12
1
1
3
11
1
1
1
I
1
1
1
3
S
26
1
1
58
70
65
5
6
1
1
i
1
164
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 29.— MALE INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED IN 1910,
1
rntSlON OR STATE.
male insajte in hospitals who died in 1910.
Aggre-
gate.
White.
1
Total.
Age at death.
Under
15
years.
15 to
19
years.
20to2l
years.
25 to 29
years.
3D to 34
years.
35 to 39
years.
40 to 44
years.
45 to 49
years.
50 to 54
years.
55 to 69
years.
60 to 64
years.
65 years
and
over.
Age
un-
known.
1
11,045
9,939
16
78
233
376
685
893
987
965
1,097
837
894
2,699
179
GEOGEAPmc divisions:
•t
1,105 I
2,678 1
2,504 j
1,365
1,315
639
467 1
271
701
1,084
2,591
2,423
1,304
808
415
383
264
667
3
2
2
i'
2
2
i'
9
15
13
14
9
2
9
4
3
16
65
48
3D
28
13
14
6
13
30
89
90
52
32
23
22
7
31
63
188
150
88
63
30
34
28
61
87
252
219
116
57
41
35
30
56
113
277
252
111
64
43
43
28
56
106
282
232
139
45
33
36
26
66
135
283
263
138
88
52
36
30
72
104
229
216
93
57
36
36
17
49
108
221
198
129
82
39
31
23
63
306
667
698
355
262
90
78
59
184
4
21
42
39
27
11
7
6
22
3
4
<i
West North central .........
a
7
East Soutli Central
s
9
Mountain ..
in
Paoiflc
New England:
11
83
80
62
632
76
172
1,499
344
835
713
277
784
431
299
251
308
402
39
54
116
195
23
167
206
239
98
115
150
241
76
252
119
157
HI
68
95
94
210
60
23
6
82
32
36
19
13
168
119
414
83
79
62
620
73
167
1,465
335
791
687
262
753
423
298
248
301
371
39
50
114
181
20
140
160
130
90
63
58
111
36
195
94
73
53
54
63
80
186
58
23
6
79
32
35
19
12
165
114
388
1
2
3
1
7
3
2
1
19
1
4
40
10
39
21
9
32
15
13
9
15
18
1
1
3
6
2
5
6
3
6
1
3
4
2
14
5
3
1
1
4
7
10
4
6
2
35
6
10
96
25
67
41
20
48
20
21
21
22
20
4
4
2
15
3
15
6
14
1
1
6
5
3
14
6
6
4
5
9
8
12
9
1
8
4
8
46
6
15
145
33
74
76
26
61
23
33
25
25
26
6
3
15
16
1
11
6
12
6
4
7
9
1
17
14
8
2
8
6
3
19
8
2
9
11
5
59
9
20
158
33
86
71
34
76
38
33
26
21
30
3
7
10
14
3
10
7
6
6
13
5
12
2
22
8
6
7
3
6
9
25
10
2
9
8
3
61
10
15
156
43
83
61
24
87
34
26
30
27
40
6
6
8
22
10
8
2
85
11
19
169
31
83
78
38
82
34
31
35
32
35
4
1
15
16
f
3
60
6
23
125
31
73
67
21
80
29
19
21
24
24
2'
8
14
3
5
5
10
6
5
7
12
4
14
11
6
6
4
5
5
22
i'
11
7
11
60
4
15
124
25
72
54
16
62
36
30
25
26
46
2
4
8
18
2
14
21
13
3
6
3
15
5
18
6
7
8
5
7
2
17
4
2
21
22
24
179
20
40
409
83
175
198
61
186
168
85
45
94
92
6
22
39
58
5
45
81
41
30
14
14
25
7
49
18
7
16
10
10
22
36
12
10
2
15
6
6
4
6
33
36
115
i'
1
2
s
6
11
8
7
12
12
3
1
8
21
6
3"
1
2
3
1
16
1
1
1
1
7
3
1
2
3
2
1
2
1
I
1
6
11
5
1?
n
2
1
5
14
I'i
16
1
i'
1
1
2
4
2
9
1
3
34
13
18
10
6
20
8
4
6
3
13
2
17
Middle Atlantic:
New York
18
19
W
East North Central:
Ohio
?1
??
:::::::
1
7
5
?1
Michigan ..
?4
?5
West North Central:
4
4
6
?6
n
''R
?9
30
3
3
31
3?
South Atlantic:
31
1
i"
1
1
2
5
1
8
4
14
7'
2
12
8
8
5
4
6
6
20
6
2'
9
3
4
2
12
16
15
8
11
7
13
6
22
11
14
5
7
6
9
15
8
4
2
ID
3
3
14
District of Columbia
If)
Virginia
36
We'^t Virginia
37
38
South Carolina
i'
1
1
3
1
1
1
3
6
1
4
4
5
39
40
Florida
41
East South Central:
4?
Tennessee
43
i
1
44
Mississippi
4'i
West South Centrai,:
A ftf^n^s
1
i'
1
1
1
3
4
4
2
3
5
46
47
4S
Texas
49
Mountain:
Montanfl
50
Idaho
1
51
W voniing
62
1
1
3'
2
3
1
3'
8
5
1
2
2
15
9
27
7
5
6
1
1
14
10
32
9
4'
2
1
13
9
34
7
2
4
1
2
13
2
34
8
3
4
1
1
10
15
38
63
54
Arizona
56
Utah
2
66
67
r.vcmc:
Wft.<;hin£tiwi ,
i'
1
1
1
7
2
4
13
2
16
21
10
35
19
7
46
58
Orpgon ...
59
CRlirnrnin
GENERAL TABLES.
CLASSIFIED BY COLOR AND AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
165
MALE DJSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED IN 1910— Continued.
Colored.
Total.
Age at death.
Under 15
years.
15 to 19
years.
20 to 24
years.
25 to 29
years.
30 to 34
years.
35 to 39
years.
40 to 44
years.
45 to 49
years.
SO to 54
years.
55 to 59
years.
60 to 61
years.
65 years
and over.
Age un-
known.
1,100
12
47
70
90
lOO
98
Ill
89
112
70
90
179
38
1
21
S7
81
61
.'i07
224
84
7
34
1
1
1
2
1
1
40
18
7
2
5
3
42
23
7
1
6
I
50
19
10
1
2
13
6
2
43
18
7
1
6
3
15
10
7
41
19
10
1
5
3
8
8
10
34
15
7
2
11
8
3
49
28
7
2
12
6
4
42
15
5
2
2
2
4
17
13
95
29
14
2
1
3
7
13
2
o
8
10
4
26
12
6
2
2
il
2
27
15
1
11
6
7
1
8
n
2
4
4
5
4
10
11
1
1
1'
11
12
3
6
34
9
44
26
l.'i
31
8
1
3
7
31
2
1
1
1
1
1
5
1
9
4
3
2
1
3
1
1
1
2
14
1
1>i
1
1
1
1
4
1
5
1
6
1A
3
2
1
1
1
3
3
1
2
2
2
2
6
1
6
4
1
1
1
2
5
2
1
5
3
2
1
1
7
2
4
4
1
17
18
1
1
7
3
1
4
5
3
1
6
1«
fO
3
1
2
71
1
2
1
??
?3
1
2
?4
1
25
3
5
2
2
2
5
?A
1
2
1
5
2
4
4
n
28
4
2
14
3
27
4fi
100
8
62
92
130
40
57
2.5
81
58
14
32
14
24
2
1
1
1
1
1
TO
1
1
30
1
1
1
1
1
1
5
7
1
4
12
9
2
3
3
12
5
2
3
1
1
3
1
1
6
31
1
2
32
3
5
10
1
6
10
10
5
6
3
9
1
5
9
5
5
4
1
7
6
3
4
7
1
3
2
15
6
5
2
6
6
4
ll
1
5
8
12
3
11
5
8
4
4
3
11
6
14
23
33
3
9
2
2
5
8
5
6
4
8
34
1
3
7
35
1
2
3
36
5
6
n
7
8
14
1
3
1
7
7
3
2
1
1
2
4
5
3
3
2
3
4
2
2
1
1
1
3
6
12
3
4
2
«
3
2
2
1
8
12
26
6
8
7
37
7
3
38
39
1
3
1
9
40
1
1
7
a
41
4?
7
6
4
2
5
4
1
2
2
2
43
44
45
1
1
4
1
2
1
5
1
4
4
3
6
a
1
46
47
4
3
1
48
49
50
51
3
1
i
■■
1
52
53
1
1
54
55
1
3
5
26
1
56
1
1
1
3
1
,57
1
3
1
3
1
4
1
3
,58
2
5
2
1
,59
166
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 30.— FEMALE INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED IN 1910,
DIVISION OE 3TATE.
FEMALE mSANE IS BO.'PITAIS
WHO DIED IK 1910.
gate.
.White.
Total.
Age at death.
Under
15
years.
15 to
19
years.
20 to 24
years.
23 to 29
years.
30ti34
years.
35 to 39
years.
40 to 44
years.
45 to 49
years.
.50 to .'54
years.
55 to .59
years.
60 to 64
years.
65 years
nntl
over.
Age
un-
known.
1
7.R79
6,929
11
57
195
330
458
577
5S2
6S6
573
523
580
2,328
123
GKOORAPHIC DIVIRIOKS:
?
915
2.204
l,lil9
1,012
594
3.59
101
280
901
2. HO
1,581
702
569
334
29S
95
273
i'
3
i
2'
1
3
14
7
5
10
7
6
3
2
20
58
43
2«
10
13
15
1
7
28
108
06
47
27
20
17
5
18
65
103
99
59
40
35
32
6
17
SI
IfiO
134
04
46
44
46
15
17
71
170
133
63
41
27
37
10
23
03
176
147
c-
37
33
27
8
26
71
172
150
03
45
32
18
7
15
74
105
133
68
42
24
21
15
84
19!
120
03
49
17
22
7
23
365
770
52S
214
193
73
52
2S
9!)
4
18
29
28
25
9
3
3
4
^
Middle Atlantic
it
East North Centra!
5
West North Central
6
7
8
West South Central. . .
9
10
Pacific
New England:
Maine
11
83
60
48
619
CO
139
1,214
2.5S
702
434
15."!
56S
208
191
134
1S8
2S.3
14
27
58
91
25
154
73
182
70
99
147
214
42
172
120
170
120
50
91
01
157
12
10
5
33
7
8
18
8
52
34
194
83
60
48
508
CO
130
1,221
246
C49
421
153
551
207
189
1?3
153
205
14
24
58
83
IS
128
38
92
72
CO
37
104
20
151
72
70
41
42
08
52
130
12
10
4
31
8
17
7
51
34
188
1
2
2
11
4
3
2
13
4
2
62
13
31
12
4
28
12
10
3
14
15
2
8
6
3
31
5
13
57
'5
33
25
10
41
13
8
11
14
21
1
1
4
7
2
C
34'
5
4
94
22
44
30
15
63
18
18
12
16
17
1
9
7
1
5
10
3
6
36
7
9
114
15
41
33
12
53
20
17
14
13
18
1
4
7
1
11
2
8
2
8
2
C
1
11
4
10
2
9
7
10
11
2
i'
2
3
5
2
40
3
105
17
54
38
U
47
27
21
16
16
21
2
4
2
1
7
4
8
4'
4
9
14
6
10
3
3
5
13
1
1
2
7
7
S
41
3
8
90
20
02
31
20
26
13
15
11
23
5
7
2
2
10
3
10
5
5
i'
3
14
C
5
7
3
4
3
8
9
7
2
43
1
12
107
14
44
29
12
42
20
14
13
13
20
1
5
1
10
6
7
2
7
1
8
5
5
5
4S
14
109
20
04
41
13
41
16
9
11
1.1
23
1
2
3
8
2
15
2
8
8
2
1
11
34
20
21
201
23
04
437
%
243
163
38
105
90
72
29
%
3
3
10
30
7
50
18
30
22
12
18
29
38
13
10
12
3
15
7
27
4
3
1
10
1
2
5
2
14
11
74
2
1
i"
8
5
5
8
7
4
9
1
4
4
19
i"
2"
1
6
U
4'
i'
7
2
i'
1
1
?■
2"
2
1?
n
Vermont . . . •
14
3
1*1
ifi
4
32
5
21
9
8
15
5
5
9
3
2
1
2
2
1
i
3
17
Middle Atlantic:
New York
i'
2
2
18
New Jersey .
If)
•>n
East Noeth Central:
Ohio
?i
r*
Illinois
2
3
?i
''1
West North Central:
?f»
1
2'
?7
Missouri
99
^fl
Nebraska. ...
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
3
V
?•*
South Atlantic:
n
5
1
2
3
2
6
2
7
5
2
3
3
3
8
11
?i
District of Columbia
ss
3
3
8
2
11
2
19
8
3
5
3
4
5
20
3
7
12
7
3
9
2
18
10
11
5
9
12
8
17
1
3
1
3
2
1
1
3
4
3
10
?fi
West Virginia
^7
North Carolina
1
?fi
7ft
Georgia
3
1
2
1
3
1
3
3
5
4
3
1
5
2
3
5
41
East South Central:
10
8
4
2
s'
2
11
5
5
5
2
2
5
3
12
4?
Tennessee
41
45
West South Central:
Arkanftft^
i
i'
2
2'
2
1
46
47
OUahoma
4R
Mountain:
i'
2
1
2
h'>
Colorado . . ...
1
1
1
3
1
2
1
2
M
3
2
2
2
Fi=>
Utah
1
1
4
1
2
3
3
19
fi6
57
Pacific:
WaahingtATi
2
4
1
2
3
2
13
4
4
9
2
21
3
2
21
5
3
7
4
1
10
18
*^9
rftllfnmlsk
GENERAL TABLES.
CLASSIFIED BY COLOR AND AGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
167
FEMALE raSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED DJ 1910— COntiDUed.
Colored.
Total.
Ago at death.
Under 15
years.
15 to 19
years.
20 to 24
years.
25 to 29
years.
30 to 34
years.
35 to 39
years.
40 to 44
years.
45 to 49
years.
.50 to 54
years.
53 to 59
years.
60 to 04
years.
65 years
and o\er.
Age un-
known.
950
5
33
93
US
103
105
84
70
64
50
51
130
32
1
14
SS
3S
33
443
2i;o
61
G
7
1
1
4
2
»
53
45
7
1
11
2
2
42
32
9
2
2
1
15
5
3
47
28
6
1
8
4
4
36
25
5
1
6
4
4
40
14
1
8
G
3
4
2
2
20
13
6
4
19
5
7
03
27
4
1
?
1
4
1
49
26
7
5
3
1
1
1
14
9
4
2
S
;::::
4
1
3
3
15
9
3
1
1
5
27
19
3
28
13
1
6
g
9
1
1
1
1
10
11
1'
n
11
1
1
1
1
1
3
3
14
15
3
23
12
53
13
5
17
1
2
1
3
18
1
2
1
3
1
S
2
12
2
1
1
16
1
2
1
3
1
3
1
7
1
3
2
10
1
1
2
3
1
4
1
17
2
2
1
2
3
2
1
1
2
1
1
5
1
6
2
1
3
Iff
1
90
?1
3
4
3
1
■)•>
1
or^
1
1
74
1
1
2
'5
i
1
1
3
?fi
1
1
1
2
2
2
2
1
■'7
?8
3
1
1
1
79
fiO
8
7
23
35
90
4
39
110
110
22
21
54
lOO
85
S
23
9
21
1
1
1
i
2
5
1
1
4
1
4
8
17
1
6
14
11
2
C
7
6
8
1
2
11
2
4
I
1
1
4
8
1
4
2
8
1
1
3
11
V
2
1
3
1
3
7
3
3
8
1
2
7
1
1
11
5
8
14
15
3
1
6
16
4
12
16
2
1
7
10
8
1
2
1
3
4
23
11
3
2
5
18
20
1
3
2
1
8
10
8
2
1
8
9
14
7
12
14
3
2
9
13
4
1
3
2
2
10
8
1
2
6
10
7
1
1
1
2
1
6
16
4
2
1
5
6
2
3
2
7
8
1
5
3
1
1
1
6
5
4
2
8
1
2
3
5
3
2
1
2
6
1
38
19
2
1
40
(1'
1
4
6
8
3
4
2
1
4''
8
41
44
45
4
1
4
2
2
1
3
1
1
2
46
47
2
1
1
1
1
4S
44
50
1
2
1
1
51
1
1
1
5?
51
54
1
1
1
1
Si
1
56
1
57
5S
C
1
1
1
1
1
1
59
168
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 31.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO DIED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED
DIVISION OE STATE.
All causes.
CAUSE OP DEATH.
Typhoid
lever.
Dysen-
tery.
Erysipe-
Tubercu-
losis of the
lungs.
Other
forms of
tubercu-
losis.
Cancer
and other
malignant
tumors.
Diabetes.
Cerebral
hemorrhage
and
soltening.
General
paralysis of
the insane.
1
United States
Geogeaphic DinsioKs:
New KPgb^Tirl
18,924
113
145
157
2,433
217
282
44
1,147
2,447
•f.
2,020
4,8S3
4,123
2,160
2,327
1,233
826
372
981
9
18
13
31
16
3
17
4
2
23
7
38
10
44
12
4
3
4
20
27
42
16
23
7
14
1
7
182
595
503
306
337
233
122
17
138
24
37
71
31
24
12
4
5
9
39
71
78
28
28
11
5
3
19
174
251
237
150
132
56
44
22
81
264
844
619
263
128
73
43
83
130
3
11
16
7
6
4
East North Central
■)
West North Central
fi
South Atlantic
7
East South CentraL
S
West South Central.
1
1
2
9
10
Mountain
Pacifln
New Englamd:
11
166
146
110
1,151
136
311
2,743
602
1,537
1,147
435
1,352
699
490
385
496
6S5
53
81
174
286
48
321
279
421
174
214
297
455
118
424
245
327
237
lis
186
155
367
72
33
11
115
39
44
37
21
220
153
608
1
1
1
16
IS
'\
89
20
36
348
53
194
129
31
215
66
62
79
67
85
10
14
23
23
6
34
33
63
21
43
38
76
23
83
34
57
59
25
28
8
61
3
2
1
12
13
13
83
9
44
118
40
93
69
45
59
33
32
13
58
55
1
1
8
14
2
22
17
34
9
11
12
17
8
13
29
11
3
2
9
12
21
6
2
19
15
12
141
33
44
567
115
162
169
53
246
108
43
33
66
92
6
1
27
38
S
38
12
New Hampshire
.
5
13
Vermont
1
29
2
6
37
9
25
15
7
31
11
14
6
12
6
14
Massachusetts
S
1
16
1
1
2
1
4
16
5
15
1
1
1
5
1
18
4
IS
16
P-onrepticiit
1
17
1
9
11
2
8
14
7
1
i
17
Middle Atlantic:
NewYorli
15
21
10
6
14
23
23
6
5
10
4
7
8
1
2
9
2
3
2
IS
New Jersey
19
3
2
W
East Noeth Centrat.;
Ohio
?1
T"d)ana ,
W
TIliiira<;,
2
3
6
IS
5
2
4
7?
Mlf'hip^n
?4
?'i
West Noeth Centbal:
MinTie50f*\
1
3
3
?fi
Iowa
n
28
North Dakota.
IX)
South Dakota
1
3
4
2
-S
3
1
5
1
2
1
3
4
5
8
2
1
30
Nebraska
31
2
2
2
32
Sooth Atlantic:
Delaware
33
Maryland
3
2
1
1
3
S
1
1
1
31'
9
2
1
i
*
3
34
District of Columbia
S.'i
Virgini(4
18
12
11
15
20
11
28
23
22
16
West. Virginia . . ...
5
1
37
4
2
6
1
4
1
1
1
1
2
38
South Carolina
39
7
2
6
3
3
3
2
2
4
2
3
40
Florida
1
41
East South Centeal:
Kentucky
5
4?
43
Alfthflma
1
6
1
44
Mississippi
2
4.'<
West South Central:
Arkansas
1
6
15
10
12
28
1
2
28
5
10
5
4
22
13
95
46
Louisiana
4
4
47
Oklahoma. .
1
16
1
2
7
6
48
Texas
1
49
Mountain:
Montana. „
1
ff\
Idaho
1
1
o1
Wyoming
2
2
1
S?
Colorado
2
1
7
1
5
1
10
ss
i
1
S4
Arizona
1
3
M
Utah
1
2
2
11
24
46
.Vi
Nevada
1 . .
1
2S
U
86
57
Pacific:
4
1
2
5
2
2
2
7
10
M
Oregon.
6«
ralifnmia
2
4
2
GENERAL TABLES.
BY CAUSE OF DEATH, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
169
CAUSE OF DEATH— continued.
other forms
of mental
alienation.
Epilepsy.
All other
diseases of
the nervous
system.
Organic
diseases of
the heart.
Diseases
of the
arteries.
Pneu-
monia.
Diarrhea
and
enteritis.
Nephritis
Bright'3
disease.
SeniUty.
Suicide.
Violent
deaths.
All other
causes.
Cause
unknown.
1,179
795
438
1,450
755
1,509
497
1,107
1,084
154
150
2,661
160
1
77
62
41
237
118
249
87
92
84
17
11
203
7
2
296
138
liS
413
374
574
114
394
122
40
45
418
25
3
219
146
146
295
155
308
102
166
264
36
33
606
30
4
153
107
42
143
20
118
43
150
187
16
18
300
21
5
140
110
43
153
34
130
58
133
172
14
11
536
55
fi
lis
103
41
74
6
27
35
76
85
8
7
241
8
7
33
59
16
45
17
44
21
34
46
2
13
212
10
8
34
22
8
19
7
12
6
11
51
4
3
53
3
9
92
48
33
71
24
47
31
ol
73
17
9
92
1
10
11
17
11
36
4
«
3
37
3
2
2
27
36
31
13
100
U
3
9
70
13
9
7
195
12
6
6
58
3
10
7
35
3
2
11
60
2
2
1
4
1
14
9
8
131
11
1
1?
13
6
2
14
3
9
1
11
8
49
20
5
3
22
12
25
3
5
3
5
1
3
12
29
IS
7
5
4
16
85
53
35
281
213
403
S3
165
23
25
,30
207
-
17
43
24
12
41
16
79
8
50
27
6
1
64
1
18
168
61
21
91
145
92
23
179
72
9
14
147
17
19
!«
17
46
67
25
76
30
58
91
11
14
193
2
20
28
34
25
22
4
24
20
30
12
1
4
59
4
21
38
47
37
122
62
129
24
42
44
5
4
194
2
22
25
29
28
65
02
53
26
24
47
6
6
82
3
23
45
19
10
19
2
26
2
12
70
13
5
78
19
24
16
11
9
25
2
12
3
72
26
4
2
38
3
2,1
30
26
15
40
10
7
41
44
2
15
28
31
18
13
16
50
34
19
3
9
87
144
10
1
V6
7
27
8
9
42
3
6
16
16
1
4
3
8
1
2
6
24
1
5
3
6
13
1
2
1
5
1
2
3
6
8
18
29
53
1
1
6
21
23
1
2
2
2
m
2
79
3
1
30
2
31
4
28
4
11
3
20
5
17
2
7
4
28
1
31
8
45
1?
6
5
6
2
8
33
10
25
14
21
3
9
24
43
19
1
43
23
U
2
20
26
18
35
3
1
1
1
50
60
34
14
Xi
23
3
7
8
1
2
2
2
17
1
1
43
5
38
29
15
3
3
80
9
18
28
2
37
16
3
32
4
24
1
4
2
1
2
5
6
20
9
12
10
3
21
12
16
24
3
. 14
7
27
29
7
44
3
45
129
121
35
40
1
37
3
13
2
2
2
4
3S
24
3
3
19
40
17
3
2
41
22
8
5
a
18
10
32
24
18
14
13
4
3
1
12
28
10
8
9
3
6
6
9
8
9
12
11
5
2
4
40
IS
8
7
20
8
13
5
13
2
1
50
89
62
14
31
5
4?
3
1
4?
4
2
1
4
44
41
17
1
1
48
11
13
11
16
4
8
13
15
6
21
1
13
3
16
5
23
58
109
4
5
47
1
8
48
3
5
2
U
1
3
2
6
1
6
13
1
11
1
15
3
1
6
49
1
1
2
V)
1
2
2
4
51
10
4
3
3
6
2
1
1
.W
4
5
2
2
1
2
2
1
1
1
16
6
29
5
3
9
3
9
14
50
1
11
11
3
26
12
54
fil
4
5
2
13
12
46
1
1
1
'vl
7
2
38
25
29
3
i1
1
1
22
2
23
1
4
16
14
6
28
1
2
3
12
3
1
5
"17
1
23
■■8
32
27
1
59
170
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 32.— INSANE IN HOSPITALS WHO WERE DISCHARGED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY
DtnaON OE STATE.
INS.INE IN
hospitals dischakged in 1910.
TotaL
Male.
Female.
White.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Condition at discharge.
Improved or recovered.
Unimproved.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
\
United States
29,304
16, 193
13,111
27,614
15,261
12,353
22,773
12,458
10,315
4,207
2,n8
1,789
Geogeaphic DmsioNs:
o
3,343
6,871
6,609
3,470
3,226
2,050
1,524
666
1,545
1,691
3,590
3,718
1,924
1,766
1,175
841
474
1,014
1,652
3,281
2,S91
1,546
1,460
875
683
192
531-
3,308
6,705
6,501
3,380
2,567
1,693
1,351
646
1,463
1,666
3,507
3,651
1,869
1,436
985
753
456
938
1,642
3,198
2,850
1,511
1,131
708
598
190
525
2,493
5,719
5,233
2,953
2,117
1,296
1,158
539
1,265
1,217
2,946
2,902
1,633
1,162
761
650
383
824
1,276
2,773
2,331
1,320
965
545
508
156
441
751
827
1,127
377
362
359
176
85
143
420
463
662
216
214
208
93
66
87
331
364
465
162
143
151
83
29
66
1
Middle Atlantic
.l
East Nortli Central
i
West North Central
ft
Rnn*h Aflsntip
7
s
West South Central
q
in
Pacific
New Enqlakd:
Afajno
n
212
142
153
1,912
281
643
3,882
842
2,147
1,855
576
1,947
1,108
1,123
722
806
1,217
60
77
147
441
63
637
300
538
272
463
336
506
111
667
670
437
376
96
216
450
753
120
94
IS
272
28
46
54
34
470
303
772
118
66
88
937
153
329
1,998
420
1,172
1,060
267
1,147
593
651
429
425
646
38
46
90
250
37
334
218
287
115
202
ISO
303
60
377
347
255
196
53
105
269
414
89
71
12
180
20
39
37
26
315
201
498
94
76
65
975
128
314
1,884
422
975
795
309
800
515
472
293
381
571
22
31
57
191
26
303
82
251
127
261
158
203
51
290
223
182
180
43
111
190
339
31
23
6
92
S
7
17
S
155
102
274
212
142
153
1,885
279
637
3,812
813
2,080
1,817
561
1,906
1,099
1,118
719
802
1,162
60
75
146
416
56
587
233
380
259
365
214
409
64
601
439
396
257
91
163
418
679
114
89
IS
269
28
45
53
30
458
303
702
118
66
88
918
151
325
1,967
403
1,137
1,037
261
1,116
589
648
426
423
610
38
46
90
236
31
309
ISO
205
137
165
114
256
39
345
278
225
137
52
75
248
378
84
66
12
177
20
3S
36
23
304
201
433
94
78
6-5
967
128
312
1,845
410
943
780
30O
790
510
470
293
379
552
22
29
56
180
25
278
53
175
122
200
100
153
25
256
161
171
120
39
88
170
301
30
23
6
92
8
7
17
7
154
102
269
194
112
123
1,374
198
492
3,139
702
1,878
1,664
466
1,487
800
916
639
734
991
46
66
122
355
43
474
151
329
220
329
161
355
55
486
369
267
174
70
113
352
623
112
72
16
199
23
43
46
28
404
279
582
110
53
73
632
103
246
1,587
347
1,012
864
221
860
436
521
377
391
527
27
41
76
194
23
246
116
175
111
152
80
217
32
266
240
157
88
39
60
209
352
82
56
10
128
16
36
33
22
271
187
366
84
59
50
742
95
246
1,552
355
866
70O
245
627
364
396
262
343
464
19
26
48
161
20
228
35
154
109
177
81
138
23
220
129
110
86
31
63
143
271
30
16
7?
I
13
6
133
92
216
17
27
26
468
77
136
570
93
164
231
82
375
278
161
78
62
160
11
8
12
56
13
94
62
28
33
30
52
54
6
110
58
129
62
21
46
59
50
2
13
8
12
11
271
45
73
313
49
101
154
34
238
139
97
43
28
78
10
4
8
39
8
50
38
11
20
10
33
39
5
74
31
68
35
13
22
35
23
2
6
9
15
15
197
32
63
257
44
63
77
43
137
139
64
30
24
82
1
4
4
17
S
44
14
17
13
20
19
15
1
36
27
61
27
8
24
24
27
I''
n
Vermont
14
T,
libode Island..
in
17
Middle Atlantic:
New York
IS
New Jersey
19
■'fl
East North Centeal:
Ohio
''I
Indiana
ni
Illinois
l-^
Michigan
?4
71
West Noeth Centeal:
?fi
Iowa. .
'T
■?s
North Dakota
■"fl
South Dakota
in
N<*hP^sk^ ...
fii
17
Sooth Atlantic:
11
Maryland.
14
Dlslxiot of Columbia .
1i
Virginia
Ifi
17
North Carolina
IS
Smith rarnlina. . . .
19
4n
Florida
41
42
43
44
East South Centeal:
Kentucky
Tennessee
Alabama
45
West South Centeal:
41?
T.npisi^nf^
47
4f!
TfxTn^s
4<)
MOITNTAIN:
M^nt^nf*
.10
fil
Idaho
7
■i")
Colorado
57
4
1
7
1
4S
20
75
41
3
1
3
'6
1
SI
New Xf nTi(Vi . , , .
51
Sfi
Utah
4
1
19
8
29
fili
17
PAcmc:
Washington
29
12
46
SS
Ifl
GENERAL TABLES.
COLOR, SEX, AND CONDITION AT DISCHARGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
171
IX3ANE IN HOSPITALS DISCHARGED DJ 1910— Continued.
Wlilte— Continued.
Colored.
Conditition at discharge— Continued.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Condition at discharge.
Not insane.
Not reported.
Improved or
recovered.
Unimproved.
Not insane.
Not reported.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
472
302
170
162
S3
79
1,690
932
758
1,4GS
801
667
190
114
76
19
11
8
13
7
1
47
128
112
34
70
25
12
15
29
24
85
69
14
65
18
9
12
IS
23
43
43
20
15
7
3
3
13
17
31
29
16
18
13
5
7
26
5
13
18
7
"8
I
11
12
18
11
1
5
4
2
15
35
166
108
90
659
357
173
20
82
25
83
67
65
330
190
88
IS
76
10
83
41
35
329
107
85
2
6
24
148
93
78
590
285
105
IS
67
17
70
57
49
298
147
85
16
62
7
78
36
29
292
138
80
2
6
11
16
13
U
62
66
7
2
12
8
11
8
6
28
37
3
2
11
3
5
5
5
24
29
4
■>
2
2
1
8
3
1
2
2
i'
3
•?
4
1
6
i
ij
9
3
2
3
7
6
7
8
1
2
2
1
1
10
1
1
11
3
4
28
4
g
101
S
22
21
3
38
14
36
2
7
9
1
i
4
10
3
6
66
4
15
19
1
14
9
26
1
2
3
2
T
n
18
1
2
35
1
7
2
2
24
5
10
1
5
6
1
15
5
10
27
2
6
70
29
67
33
IS
41
9
5
3
4
55
19
2
4
31
17
35
23
6
31
4
3
3
2
36
8
18
13
5
9
2
6
2
3
14
11
1
2
13
16
1
10
6
7
S
1
3
9
s"
4
5
4
1
1
10
7
1
5
2
2
1
2
39
12
32
15
9
10
S
2
i'
19
6
65
23
60
30
14
37
8
4
3
3
48
4
28
12
30
17
6
29
3
2
3
1
33
2
37
11
30
13
8
8
5
2
16
4
6
7
6
1
4
1
1
2
4
5
4
i'
1
1
2
1
2
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
17
IS
19
2
2
'>n
71
??
?•»
74
'>S
9
2
2
1
2
2
2
1
1
1
7
i'
i'
2
15
1
7
1
3
'>6
4
77
78
2
1
25
7
50
67
158
13
98
122
97
47
66
131
41
119
5
S3
41
74
6
5
......
6
26
38
82
8
37
66
47
21
32
69
30
69
1
30
21
36
5
5
2
1
11
1
25
29
76
5
61
56
50
26
34
62
U
60
4
23
20
SJ
1
1
1
22
6
37
52
158
11
06
98
88
44
48
122
33
82
5
49
37
74
5
6
.......
5
18
32
82
8
35
57
43
18
27
60
24
36
1
29
19
36
5
6
1
1
10
1
19
20
76
3
01
41
45
26
21
62
9
46
4
20
18
38
1
1
1
Ofl
10
5
5
3
5
2
^0
2
1
7
9
2
1
5
5
1
I
II
I-)
8
30
21
1
6
1
5
26
17
1
3
1
3
4
4
3'
11
8
3
2
4
6
2
4
33
6
1
5
34
2
5
2
5
3i
2
2
21
8
2
IS
6
8
34
i'
9
4
2
5
6
6
20
2
36
?7
12
\
13
3
3
1^
1
1
1 i'
i
1
39
3
4
1
2
4
1
1
40
1
11
1
6
5"
41
3
3
4'
2
14
43
20
13
7
1
1
3
3
44
4S
3
IS
4
3
4
2
i'
2
1
2
2
1
2
4
3
1
2
3
1
46
1
1
47
■ i 1
48
49
3
2
7
1
1
3
2
4
1
1
1
1
VI
^1
3
6
4
2
3
3
2
2
1
1
57
SI
1
1
4
12
(
1
1
3
11
1
1
54
1
1
55
1
3
1
25
1
2
.......
1
1
4
9
3
8
1
1
'
56
1
1
u
3
3
20
2
2
7
1
1
13
1
1
2
2
.57
5fl
70,
66
s
68
54
4
U
10
1
1
1
64
172
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Tabm 33.— insane IN HOSPITALS WHO WERE DISCHARGED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY CONDITION AT
DISCHARGE, SEX, AND AGE AT DISCHARGE, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
INSANE IN HOSPITALS DISCHARGED IN 1910.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Condition at discharge.
AGE AT niSCHAR'JK.
Improved or recovered.
Unimproved.
Not insane.
Not reported.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
All ages . ...
29,304
105
1,364
3,209
3,770
3,854
3,896
3,257
2,845
2,348
1,575
1,112
725
444
226
145
429
16, 193
65
753
1,845
2,065
2,150
2,110
1,759
1,552
1,249
884
632
407
247
135
71
270
13,111
40
611
1,364
1,705
1,704
1,786
1,49S
1,293
1,099
691
480
318
197
91
74
159
24,241
59
1,119
2,639
3,096
3,209
3,277
2,777
2,411
1,985
1,346
902
558
297
146
78
342
13,269
33
616
1,508
1,650
1,753
1,741
1,473
1,322
1,089
762
502
307
163
89
41
211
10,982
26
5U3
1,131
1,446
1,456
1,536
1,304
1,0S9
896
584
400
251
134
57
37
131
4,397
42
205
516
592
569
530
397
367
308
203
192
156
127
72
61
00
2,532
30
119
304
363
351
309
237
195
129
106
117
93
70
40
29
40
1,865
12
86
212
229
218
221
160
172
179
97
75
63
57
32
32
20
491
3
31
40
57
58
65
61
48
42
20
12
10
15
5
6
IS
313
2
14
27
38
39
43
38
27
27
15
8
6
10
4
1
14
178
1
17
13
19
19
22
23
21
15
5
4
4
5
1
5
4
175
1
9
14
25
IS
24
22
19
13
6
6
1
5
3
89
i'
6
14
17
H
2
86
Under 15 years
1
15 to 19 years...
5
S
26 to 29 years
11
30 to 34 years...
11
7
11
U
50 to 54 years...
9
5
1
70 to 74 vears...
1
1
Ago Tl"IrTiown
9
5
4
GENERAL TABLES.
173
Table 34.
-INSAXE WITH GENERAL PARALYSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910
NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
f'LASSIFIED BY RACE,
INSANE WITH GENERAL
PARALYSIS ADMITTED TO
HOSPITALS IN 1910.
Aggregate.
White.
Colored.
DIVISION OK STATE.
Total.
Native.
Foreign
j born.
Nativity
unknown.
1
Total.
Native
parentage.
Foreign
or mixed
parentage.
Parentaiie
imknowD.
Negro.
Other
colored.
3,8S4
3,670
2,486
1,420
783
283
1,111
73
208
6
GEOGRAPHIC divisions:
New England
300
1,335
905
417
287
130
60
163
177
355
1,282
940
402
219
104
42
160
166
230
742
688
310
181
99
36
106
94
140
373
382
206
143
39
24
66
47
79
346
227
72
12
2
2
17
26
11
23
79
32
26
58
10
23
21
120
533
221
76
37
4
3
47
70
5
7
31
16
1
1
3
7
2
5
51
25
16
68
28
8
2
8
Middle Atlantic
2
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic
East South Central
West South Central
1
3
Pacific .
New England:
31
16
8
220
46
39
978
125
232
220
67
390
138
150
40
80
244
3
2
20
28
1
143
25
24
19
13
34
14
14
87
14
20
9
5
20
10
IS
42
31
16
8
217
44
39
940
117
225
216
64
375
135
150
39
79
232
3
2
20
27
1
110
23
16
19
11
26
9
4
78
11
6
9
3
14
10
15
42
26
15
8
122
30
29
481
82
179
190
59
246
102
91
22
62
184
2
1
13
26
1
80
19
16
18
9
25
9
4
76
10
5
8
3
14
7
12
24
25
10
8
62
19
16
206
34
133
134
38
125
58
27
11
38
130
1
1
3
4
1
1
New Hampshire
2
Massachusetts
63
10
12
285
40
41
48
7
73
39
60
11
22
33
7
1
1
10
8
5
8
14
48
S
4
93
13
9
468
32
43
23
4
109
29
56
17
16
34
1
1
6
1
2
1
1
1
3
3
3
1
20
4
3
3
2
Rhode Island
Middle Atlantic:
New York.
36
8
7
4
3
15
3
2
Pennsylvania
East North Central:
Ohio
Illinois
WiosT North Central:
Minnesota
}
12
2
21
1
1
7
1
14
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
4
22
1
63
14
16
6
6
25
8
4
16
10
5
8
3
5
7
9
9
2
4
1
1
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Marvland
9
1
8
4
30
4
33
2
8
Disfrict of ColumbtJ.
Virginia
1
11
3
1
North Carolina
2
1
2
8
5
10
9
3
14
South Carolina
1
Florida
East Sotrni Central:
Kentuclcy
2
58
2
1
1
Tennessee
Alabama
1
West Soin'B Central:
.\r kansas
2
6
L/OuLsiana
2
7
3
Texas
3
6
3
16
Mountain:
Montana
9
2
2
107
3
S
2
1
37
29
111
2
104
3
6
2
1
37
29
100
2
73
3
2
1
1
20
18
56
1
49
3
2
1
1
9
7
31
1
16
Colorado
8
26
5
2
1
New Mexico
4
1
Utah
Nevada
Paotic:
10
if
1
6
14
17
11
42
r«lifnrnln,.
2
8
174
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 35.— INSANE WITH GENERAL PARALYSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE,
NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION.
BOTH SEXES
All ages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over '.
Age unknown
MALE.
All ages ,
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
65 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years ,
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years ,
80 years and over
Age unknown
FEMALE.
All ages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years -.
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age nnknown
INSANE WITH GENERAL PARALYSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
Aggregate.
3,884
17
47
134
218
421
612
669
590
445
267
U
28
80
144
323
495
546
475
347
217
126
56
33
37
19
895
6
19
54
74
117
123
115
White.
Total.
3,670
17
37
123
199
398
£89
646
566
421
249
2,840
11
25
75
133
307
478
529
456
329
203
117
49
29
35
17
.S30
6
12
48
66
91
111
117
110
92
46
37
30
18
19
10
Native.
Total.
16
31
95
137
278
416
452
362
284
164
1,937
ID
25
61
96
216
331
376
290
210
133
83
31
19
22
13
549
6
6
34
41
62
85
76
72
74
31
22
IS
9
6
3
Native
parentage.
1,420
9
14
61
85
154
218
253
208
159
94
70
35
19
18
9
16 j
Foreign
or mixed
parentage.
1,130
5
U
40
64
124
173
211
173
120
78
58
24
14
15
7
13
290
4
3
21
21
30
45
42
35
39
16
12
11
5
1
2
£
12
25
39
90
162
155
119
92
53
15
4
2
5
2
606
4
9
15
26
67
132
130
94
177
1
3
10
13
23
30
25
25
26
11
5
1
1
2
Parentage
unknown.
Foreign
bom.
1,111
1
6
25
60
116
166
190
199
130
141
149
164
112
258
Nativity
unknown.
A
13
1
24
1
27
2
m
1
41
35
3
IS
14
1
13
2
15
7
2
11
2
6
1
Colored.
Negro.
208
144
64
Other
colored.
GENERAL TABLES.
175
Table 36 — INSANE WITH GENERAL PARALYSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY PLACE OF
RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION, AND BY SEX, BY DIVISIONS.
SKX, ANK PLACE OF RESIDENCE PEIOE TO
ADMISSION.
United
States.
New
England.
Middle
Atlantic.
East North
Central.
West North
Central.
South
Atlantic.
East South
Central.
West South
Central.
Mountain.
Pacific.
BOTH SEXES.
3,884
360
1,335
965
417
287
130
SO
163
177
Residing prior to admission in places having
a population of —
Less tban 2,500
775
325
268
199
237
622
1,336
122
40
38
49
32
51
55
94
1
115
71
81
52
82
142
779
13
236
99
78
57
39
162
267
27
166
44
14
15
35
40
82
21
68
22
9
18
7
30
111
22
69
15
6
8
5
20
17
6
6
1
8
8
36
19
19
12
2
62
3
10
28
2 500 to 10 000 .
11
10 000 to 25,000
25 000 ' 50 000 .
4
60,000 to 100,000
100 000 to 500 000
103
600,000 imd over
Not reported
8
5
15
MALE.
Acereeate ....
2,989
283
1,002
765
313
203
94
35
135
159
Residing prior to admission in places having
a population of —
Less than 2,500
568
254
212
160
196
524
974
101
895
30
27
39
27
47
48
63
87
64
62
41
72
116
559
11
333
171
79
60
43
31
147
216
18
200
115
34
11
11
19
36
67
20
104
52
17
6
15
6
24
64
19
84
43
12
3
7
5
17
11
33
18
18
11
2
42
3
8
28
26
2,500 tol0,000
10,000 to 25,000
g
25 000 to 50 000
4
50,000 to 100,000
7
100,000 to 500,000
500,000 and over
7
36
IS
FEMALE.
77
Residing prior to admission in places having
a population of—
Less tlian 2,500
207
71
56
39
41
98
362
21
10
U
10
5
4
7
29
1
28
17
19
11
10
26
220
2
65
20
18
14
8
15
61
9
51
10
3
4
16
4
15
1
16
6
3
3
1
6
47
3
26
3
2
1
6
2
3
1
1
1
2
2,500 to 10,000
10,000 to 25,000
25,000 to 50,000
60,000 to 100,000
1
5
100,000 to 500,000
3
20
500,000 and over
1
1
2
176
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 37.— INSANE WITH ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE
NATIVITY, AND PARENTAGE, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
insane with alcohouc psychosis admitted to hospitals Dl 1910.
Aggre-
gate.
White.
Colored.
DrViaiON OE STATE.
Total.
Native.
Foreign
bom.
Nativity
unknowa
Total.
Negro.
Indian.
Total.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mixed
parent-
age.
Parent-
age im-
known.
Other
colored.
United States
6,122
5,819
3,782
2,068
1,377
337
1,917
120
303
284
9
10
Geogeaphic divisions:
Now England
89S
1,613
1,321
679
538
26S
239
225
441
892
1,569
1,287
662
445
205
213
217
429
478
968
861
343
401
201
176
134
220
182
465
405
195
327
150
146
94
104
267
464
379
120
32
25
10
20
60
29
39
77
28
42
26
20
20
56
410
596
397
167
41
3
25
77
202
4
6
29
52
3
1
12
6
7
6
44
34
17
93
63
26
8
12
6
41
32
15
93
63
21
8
5
Middle Atlantic
1
1
2
2
East Nortli Central .
1
West North Central
Soutli Atlantic
East South Central
West South Central
3
2
New England:
Maine
33
37
30
620
56
122
978
323
312
413
75
359
135
339
194
105
186
3
1
20
70
27
172
64
69
50
35
37
67
27
106
60
86
16
5
40
139
55
31
8
6
150
3
15
33
37
30
614
56
122
954
312
303
400
70
347
131
339
191
104
178
3
1
20
65
21
150
40
59
46
32
26
56
9
92
52
45
16
5
28
128
52
29
8
6
147
3
12
25
18
23
309
30
73
657
189
222
300
50
201
87
223
72
84
113
2
1
14
57
15
132
38
57
39
32
26
54
8
90
51
44
16
5
23
106
43
8
4
99
2
11
21
9
15
98
9
30
225
100
140
176
42
81
37
69
20
43
74
4
9
8
184
19
43
320
70
74
98
3
93
38
147
52
40
22
2
8
17
7
303
26
49
396
119
80
92
18
137
43
109
118
19
17
I
New Hampshire
2
Vermont
Massachusetts
27
2
2
6
6
Khode Island
Connecticut
Middle Atlantic:
New York
12
19
8
26
1
4
1
8
4
9
1
7
1
1
48
24
11
9
13
5
12
4
22
10
9
13
6
11
3
1
1
New Jersey
I
East North Central:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois
1
Michigan
1
Wisconsin
West North Central:
Minnesota
3
1
8
1
8
1
1
17
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
1
4
53
13
97
29
57
26
22
26
49
8
1
40
44
41
16
5
11
91
39
2
4
1
75
2
6
■
Nebraska
10
6
7
5
18
8
1
6
1
1
1
Kansas
4
2
20
S
5
6
22
18
10
4
3
11
1
18
14
8
41
4
6
22
18
10
4
3
11
1
18
41
1
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
15
4
District of Columbia
Virginia
1
1
West Vir^^inia
ii"
10
North Carolina
South Carolina
Georgia
5
2
1
2
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
19
3
3
22
4
Tennassee
1
Alabama
1
West South Central:
ArkftTisa.'j , ,
Louisiana
5"
4
1
3
7
10
3
3
3
11
8
21
4
4
45
2-
9
1
12
11
3
2
12
6
3
2
3
2
Texas
Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
1
9
15
3
1
3
3
New Mexico
Arizona
5
1
3
3
Utah
Nerada
12
109
73
259
12
107
71
251
S
44
40
136
4
23
13
68
2
20
14
26
2
1
13
42
2
63
28
111
2
Facd-ic:
Washington
2
8
1
1
Oregon
3
4
2
CaUfomia
4
1
3
GENERAL TABLES.
177
Tablb 38.— insane WITH ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE,
NATIVITY, PAP.ENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
SEX, AKD AGE AT ADUISSION.
BOTH SEXES.
.Ml ages
Under 15 years
15 to 19yoars
20 to 24 vears
25 to 2'J years
30 to M years
36 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to .54 years
65 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 09 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age imtnown
MALE.
All ages
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
60 to 54 years
65 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
70 to 74 yeare
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown
FEMALE.
.\Uages
Under 15 years
15 to I9yoars
20 to 24 vears
a? to 29 years
30 to 34 years
33 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 to 64 years
65 to 09 years
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
Age unknown
INSANE •WITH ALCOHOUC PSYCHOSIS ADMirTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910.
Aggre-
gate.
6,122
3
35
223
600
870
1,056
954
744
610
40S
262
173
66
31
17
902
2
12
37
74
121
162
173
HI
70
62
37
23
WWte.
Total.
5,819
2
28
199
562
811
1,009
906
719
593
396
262
172
53
29
15
5,015
1
1
23
19
186
173
526
498
749
715
R94
881
781
760
633
611
MO
627
356
348
22.i
216
I.tO
149
48
46
2.5
24
14
12
1
9
26
64
96
148
156
108
66
48
36
23
7
6
3
Native.
Total.
3,782
2
28
159
396
574
596
435
360
229
129
93
32
18
2
1
17
137
361
513
696
608
3S1
330
207
116
83
27
14
2
37
462
1
9
22
45
61
Native
parent-
age.
2,068
1
13
89
229
313
360
322
230
1,827
1
9
76
207
279
300
277
204
170
115
74
59
19
12
Foreign
or mixed
parent-
12
62
133
213
281
227
163
151
79
33
16
7
45
117
193
246
192
146
138
71
28
13
6
169
Parent-
age un-
known.
337
1
1
IS
34
43
57
47
42
23
24
18
U
2
2
285
Foreign
bom.
Nativity
unknown.
1,917
2
39
157
219
295
301
269
223
159
118
77
20
11
13
1,592
2
35
139
189
243
235
218
188
133
96
64
18
10
10
325
120
103
Colored.
Total.
308
1
7
24
38
69
47
48
26
17
12
10
1
3
2
2
205
Negro.
284
1
7
24
37
58
42
42
22
17
11
187
Indian.
Other
colored.
27622°— 14-
-12
178
INSANE IN HOSPITALS.
Table 39,— INSANE WITH ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY PLACE OF
RESIDENCE PRIOR TO ADMISSION, AND BY SEX, BY DIVISIONS.
SEX, AND PLACE OF RESTOENCE PRIOH TO
ADMISSION.
United
States.
New Eng-
land.
Middle
Atlantic.
East
North
Central.
West
North
Central.
South
Atlantic.
East
South
Central.
West
South
Central.
Mountain.
Pacific.
BOTH SEXES.
\effreKate . .
6,122
89S
1,613
1,321
579
538
268
239
225
441
Residing prior to admission in places hav-
ing a population ot—
Less than 2.S00
1,302
641
532
447
403
1,178
1,292
267
77
128
119
101
128
127
203
15
230
141
142
98
107
282
599
14
268
141
121
104
79
241
325
42
239
52
29
38
68
57
54
52
127
53
49
43
40
77
108
41
83
33
23
32
12
63
1
21
129
32
13
8
26
19
2
10
50
22
21
11
1
105
99
2 500 to 10 000
39
15
25 000 to 50 000
12
50 000 to 100.000
12
100 000 to 500.000
207
500 000 and over. . .
15
67
MALE.
5,220
737
1,293
1,176
538
467
214
211
207
377
Residing prior to admission in places hav-
ing a population of —
Less than 2.500
1,181
571
467
393
390
985
997
236
902
67
112
104
89
101
102
148
14
161
200
125
116
86
91
228
437
10
320
256
130
111
90
72
206
272
39
145
227
50
23
34
M
54
49
47
41
111
45
47
39
33
62
90
40
71
64
26
20
29
7
£4
117
28
12
8
22
16
1
7
28
4?
20
19
11
1
95
92
2 500 to 10.000
35
10,000 to 25.000
15
25.000 to 60.000
7
50000 to 100000... . . . ..
9
100,000 to 500,000
16S
14
54
14
18
51
FEMALE.
64
Residing prior to admission in places hav-
ing a population of—
Less than 2,500
121
70
65
54
73
193
295
31
10
16
15
12
27
25
55
1
. 30
16
26
12
16
54
162
4
12
11
10
14
7
35
53
3
12
2
6
4
4
3
5
5
16
8
2
4
7
15
18
1
19
7
3
3
5
9
1
7
12
4
1
3
2
2
7
2,600 to 10.000
4
10 000 to 25 000..
25 000 to 60 000
£
SO 000 to 100 000
4
3
1
3
3
100 000 to 500 000.
10
39
Not reported
i
6
GENERAL TABLES.
179
Table 40,— INSANE WITH BOTH GENERAL PARALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED TO HOSPITALS
IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED
STATES AS A WHOLE.
INSANE WITH BOTH GENEBAL PABALYSIS AND ALCOHOLIC PSYCHOSIS ADMITTED
rO HOSPITALS m 1910.
Aggre-
gate.
White.
Colored.
SEX, ANU AGE AT ADMISSION.
Total.
Native.
Foreign
bom.
Nativity
unknown.
Total.
Negro.
Total.
Native
parentage.
Foreign
or mixed
parentage.
Parent-
age un-
known.
Indian.
BOTH SEXES.
All ages ... ....
201
1
I
6
16
21
32
33
28
23
12
12
8
4
187
1
1
5
15
20
29
30
27
21
11
12
7
4
132
1
1
5
11
16
22
21
15
14
8
9
4
2
82
1
37
13
53
2
''
13
1
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
1
1
2
6
9
6
4
4
1
1
20 to 24 years
4
10
13
13
10
8
3
7
2
2
1
1
1
3
3
1
2
1
1
1
25 to 2) years
2
4
4
7
9
12
6
2
3
3
2
1
3S to 39 years
3
3
1
2
1
40 to 4 4 years
2
1
2
3
1
1
50 to 54 years
1
1
60 to 64 years
65 to 69 years
1
1
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
80 years and over
1
3
1
3
1
2
1
2
1
MALE.
All ages
147
137
100
63
26
11
37
10
9
Under 15 years
15 to 19 years
1
2
9
17
22
26
23
18
9
9
5
3
1
2
8
16
20
25
22
16
8
9
4
3
1
2
7
13
14
17
12
13
6
7
3
2
1
20 to 24 years
2
4
10
10
11
7
7
2
5
1
2
25 to 29 years
1
3
4
5
4
4
2
1
1
2
1
3
6
8
10
3
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
1
30 to 34 years
1
35 to 39 years
2
1
1
2
1
40 to 44 years
1
1
2
2
1
1
45 to 43 years
60 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
...
65 to 69 years
1
1
70 to 74 years
75 to 79 years
1
2
54
1
1
2
50
1
1
2
32
1
1
Ag»*utitrpowii , ..
2
19
1
FEMALE.
11
2
16
2
4
4
Under 15 years
15 to 19 vears.;
20 to 24 years
4
7
4
10
7
5
5
3
3
3
1
3
7
4
9
5
5
5
3
3
3
1
3
4
3
S
4
3
1
2
2
1
2
3
1
3
5
1
1
1
25 to 29 years
3
1
1
1
2
3
30 to 34 years
3
2
3
1
1
2
1
1
2
1
2
40 to 44 years
1
45 to 49 years
1
1
55 to 59 years
1
60 to 64 years
1
2
1
65 to 69 years
75 1 3 79 years
80 years and over
■
1
1
1
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS
(181)
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS. 1910.
INTRODUCTION.
Feeble-mindedness has been broadly defined as
comprising all degrees of mental defect due to arrested
or imperfect mental development as a result of which
the person so affected is incapable of competing on
equal terms with his normal fellows, or of managing
himself or his affairs with ordinaiy prudence. The
feeble-minded as thus defined range in mental develop-
ment from those whose mentality does not exceed that
of a normal child of 2 years to those whose mentality
is as high as that of a child of 12. The great majority
of the feeble-minded are not confined in institutions
but live at large; many are inmates of prisons and
reformatories; many others are in almshouses, and
some are confined in hospitals for the insane. Only a
small fraction of the feeble-minded are taken care of
in special institutions designed for that class, but the
development of recent years is in the direction of pro-
viding such institutions, and for that reason the sta-
tistics in this report which deals with the inmates
of this class of institutions have a timely social
significance.
In connection with the population censuses from 1850
to 1890, inclusive, the attempt was made to enumerate
all the mentally defective in the general population.
The methods adopted in different years were not uni-
form, and the results can not be regarded as complete or
comparable. In the case of the feeble-minded the com-
parability of the returns is also affected by the fact
that from 1850 to 1880 the enumeration, according
to the terms used, covered chiefly, if not entirely,
those whose idiocy or imbecihty was apparent. With
increasing study of the defective classes, however,
there arose a conviction that there were many on the
borderland of mental deficiency, who, though not en-
tirely helpless or dependent, were possibly an even
greater menace to society than those who were. They
were evidently not idiots, in the ordinary acceptance of
the word, and the term "feeble-minded" was adopted
in the report for 1890 and has been used ever since.
Since 1890, however, no general enumeration of this
large and ill-defined class has been attem]>ted by the
Bureau of the Census. In 1904 and again in 1910
the census was restricted to the inmates of special
institutions for this class.
An important factor affecting comparisons of dif-
ferent periods is the change that has taken place
in the general methods of care for the feeble-minded.
Formerly almost all of thi^ class under institutional
care were in almshouses or in asylum- for the insane.
As late as 1890 only 16 states had provided separate
institutions for the feeble-minded, and the number
of such institutions was only 24. In 1904 the num-
ber of institutions had increased to 42, and the num-
ber of states making such provision was 25. In
1910 there were 63 institutions reported by 31 states.
At the present writing (1914) there are only 7 states
which make no special provision for this class of
defectives; and in an increasing number of states
the statutes provide for their transfer from alms-
houses to separate institutions as rapidly as possible.
The eft'ect of these conditions upon the statistics
is apparent. In the 1890 census the institutional
population, enumerated as feeble-minded, included
5,254 in special institutions and 2,469 in hospitals
for the insane ; and in addition to these, 7,81 1 inmates
of almshouses were returned as "idiots," making a
total of 15,534 feeble-minded or idiots. In 1904 the
number in special institutions had risen to 14,347
and in 1910 to 20,731. The 1904 and 1910 censuses
of the insane in hospitals made no separate enumera-
tion of the feeble-minded inmates of those institutions,
nor was there any record made of those in reform-
atories or other correctional institutions; but the
1904 report on paupers showed 16,551 inmates of
almshouses classed as feeble-minded, which number
was reduced in the report for 1910 to 13,238. On
January 1, 1904, a total of 30,898 feeble-minded per-
sons were either in special institutions or in alms-
houses, and on January 1, 1910, a total of 33,969.
Table 1
FEEBLE-MINDED.
TKAB.
In special
institu-
tions.
In alms-
houses.
In hospi-
tals foi the
insane.
1910
20,731
U,347
5,254
13,238
16,551
» 7,811
(')
1904
(')
1890
2,469
' Not reported. ' Includes only those classed as "Idiots."
An indication of the situation as to the feeble-
minded in a single state is furnished by the report of
the Massachusetts state board of insanity, which has
charge of institutions for this class. According to the
report of this board for 1912, the results of a special
census of the feeble-minded showed a total of 5,007
feeble-minded enumerated in the general popula-
tion (2,640 males and 2,367 females). In addition,
245 were reported by overseers of the poor, making
5,252 not in institutions. The number in institutions
(183)
184
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
was 2,587, including 1,915 in two state institutions for
the feeble-minded and 672 in state hospitals and
asylums. According to this census the total nimiber
of feeble-minded in the state was therefore 7,839.
The census was not regarded as being complete, but it
is of interest to note that if the number of feeble-
minded in proportion to total population was the
same for the entire United States as it was in Massa-
chusetts according to this census, the total number of
feeble-minded would be over 200,000. Probably this
may be regarded as a conservative estimate of the
number of feeble-minded in the United States. It
would indicate that not over one-tentli of the feeble-
minded are being cared for in special institutions.
Another item of interest, although it does not affect
the interpretation of the statistics, is the fact that the
institutional care of feeble-minded, as will be seen, has
become almost entirely a function of the state. A
variety of causes have combined to produce this
result. The tendency of the day is to regard all de-
pendents of whatever class as wards of the state, for
whose care the state is primarilj" responsible, -\jiother
influence may be the realization that the state insti-
tutions are to a considerable degree supereeduig the
almshouses and like them are discharging a pubUc
function in caring for a defective class. Still another,
and probably the most important cause, is the increas-
ing conviction that the segregation and insti-
tutional care of the feeble-minded is necessary, even
more as a matter of protection to the public than of
benevolence for the inmates, and that the needed
care can be secured only through the enforcement
of law, which can scarcely be intrusted to private
institutions.
On January 1, 1910, there were present in the insti-
tutions covered by this special census of feeble-minded
20,731 inmates. During the je&r 3,825 inmates were
admitted, 1,009 were discharged, ISO were transferred
to other classes of institutions, and 895 died.
The statistics are presented in detail in 15 general
tables, the principal features of which are stmimarized
and considered in the text which follows.
ANALYSIS OF RETURNS.
States and geographic divisions. — The following table
shows, by geographic divisions and states, the nimiber
of institutions for tlie care of the feeble-minded classed
as public or private; the number of persons enum-
erated on January 1, 1910, as inmates of those insti-
tutions, and the number admitted to the institutions
during the year 1910; also the number of persons
enumerated as feeble-minded in almshouses on Janu-
ary 1, 1910, with the aggregate number of inmates of
this type in the two classes of institutions.
From this table it appears that on January 1, 1910,
16 states reported public institutions only, 12 had both
public and private institutions, and 3 had private
institutions only. At the present writing (1914)
Virginia, which in 1910 had only a private institution,
admits the feeble-minded to a state institution for
another class of dependents, and Georgia does the
same. Delaware and the District of Columbia make
provision in institutions outside of the state; Idaho,
Nevada, New Mexico, North Carolina, Oklahoma,
Oregon, Vermont, and Wyoniing have estabUshed or
authorized special state institutions, leaving only 7
states — Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Louisi-
ana, Mississippi, and South Carolina — which make no
provision for this class of defectives.
Of the 63 institutions leported in 1910, 35 are public
institutions and 28 are private. Of the 20,731 per-
sons enumerated on January 1, 1910, 19,499, or 94.1
per cent, were in the public institutions, and only
1,232, or 5.9 per cent, in the private institutions, only
one state. New Jersey, showing a larger number of
inmates in private than in pubUc institutions. The
average number of inmates was 557 for public and
44 for private institutions.
That the segregation of the feeble-minded in special
institutions has as yet been only partially accomphshed
is evident from the very inadequate number of such
mstitutions in several states, especially in the South
and West. In order to present the problem more dis-
tinctly, there have been incorporated into the table
from the census report on almshouses, 1910, the num-
ber there given as enumerated on January 1, 1910.
.ANALYSIS OF RETURNS.
185
Table 2
INSTITDTIONS FOB THE
FEEBLE-MINDED.
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITITnONS FOE
THAT CLASS: 1910.
feeble-minded is
almshouses: 1910.
TOTAL FEEBLE-
MINDED IN SPECIAL
DIVISION AND STATE.
Enumerated on Jan. 1.
Admitted during the year.
INSTlTUnOKS AND IN
almshouses: 1910.
Total.
Pub-
lic.
Pri-
vate.
Total.
In public
institu-
tions.
[n private
institu-
tions.
Total.
In public
institu-
tions.
In private
institu-
tions.
Eniuner-
ated on
Jan. 1.
Admitted
during
the year.
Enumer- '
ated on
Jan. 1.
Admitted
during
the year.
United States
63
35
28
20,731
19,499
1,232
3,825
3,531
294
13,238
4,408
33,969
8,233
Geographic Divisions:
9
17
11
11
4
3
1
3
4
6
8
6
7
2
2
2
2
3
9
5
4
2
1
1
1
2
2,012
6,766
5,941
3,906
584
330
19
160
1,013
1,936
6,161
5,764
3,791
512
255
76
605
177
115
72
75
19
64
29
640
1,152
909
624
89
135
11
71
194
637
1,061
803
602
68
113
3
91
106
22
21
22
11
9
9
1,557
2,331
3,867
1,522
1,868
1,034
365
156
518
360
970
1,063
379
697
453
148
114
224
3,569
9,097
9,808
5,428
2,452
1,384
384
316
1,531
1,000
2,122
East North Central . . .
1,972
West North Central
1,003
786
East South Central
588
West South Central
159
96
984
62
185
185
418
New England:
1
1
62
144
62
144
83
46
83
46
240
231
103
561
147
275
1,047
201
1,083
1,487
920
733
490
237
423
697
11
26
84
204
61
213
9
432
274
510
123
225
21
296
407
201
150
157
17
8
183
23
12
38
59
24
137
20
82
425
69
476
419
207
201
176
60
20
80
151
4
6
68
50
15
114
7
132
85
148
46
108
42
131
173
87
62
62
5
3
78
25
10
1
34
302
375
103
2,025
195
569
4,468
841
3,788
3,013
2,055
1,998
1,476
1,266
1,271
1,012
1,209
156
26
530
624
61
523
9
492
488
510
123
225
63
579
454
201
150
157
17
8
202
74
12
121
105
24
Massachusetts
5
1
1
6
5
6
1
1
2
3
4
1
2
I 1
1
4
1
3
1
1
1
1
2
1
1
1
1
1 1
1
1
3
2
4
3
i'
2
2
i'
3
1,464
48
294
3,421
640
2,705
1,526
1,135
1,265
986
1,029
1,194
1,189
512
145
1,388
48
294
3,295
182
2,684
1,526
1,135
1,221
946
936
1,194
1,186
400
145
76
458
6
47
629
106
417
150
102
207
204
246
207
201
60
47
455
6
47
609
40
412
130
102
171
196
1S4
207
201
38
47
3
595
26
129
Middle Atlantic:
126
458
21
20
66
5
1,054
175
893
East North Central:
Ohio
569
309
44
40
93
36
8
62
408
380
306
West North Central:
227
3
112
281
22
211
51
6
446
420
446
420
23
86
23
86
91
136
SoTjTH Atlantic:
15
Maryland
2
1
1
310
29S
12
22
20
2
136
7
1
1
i"
1
60
214
60
19
48
19
161
214
48
133
148
46
108
Florida
42
Tr^ntnc*>'y
2
1
1
1
1
283
47
208
47
75
86
49
64
49
22
217
TAiinp.sswi
222
87
Mississippi . .
62
West South Central:
/\ riff^ Tina's
62
5
3
1
1
1
1
19
51
19
U
49
11
.S9
51
49
74
ID
1
1
1
64
64
9
9
63
127
43
9
34
15
38
25
455
17
16
U
36
9
179
9
79
15
197
25
1,309
17
Utah
1
1
4S
45
13
13
29
11
1
3'
1
'
2'
159
■ '854'
159
82,5"
28
"'"m
28
is?'
64
29"
9"
9
3
' No reports.
186
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
The following table gives, by geographic divisions,
the number of feeble-minded enumerated in institu-
tions for this class on January 1, 1910, and the num-
ber admitted during the year, with the ratio per
100,000 popidation. Similar statistics are presented
also for the total combined number of feeble-minded
in special institutions and in almshouses.
Table 3
FEEBLE-MINDED IN
SPECUL INSTITUTIONS.
FEEBLE-MINDED IN
SPECIAL INSTITUTIONS
AND IN ALMSHOUSES.
Enumer-
ated on Jan.
1, 1910.
Admitted
during tlie
year 1910.
Enumer-
ated on Jan.
1, 1910.
Admitted
during the
year 1910.
NUMBER.
United States
20,731
3,825
33,969
8,233
New England
2,012
6,766
5,941
3,906
684
330
19
160
1,013
640
1,152
909
624
89
135
11
71
194
3,569
9,097
9,808
5,428
2,452
1,384
384
316
1,531
1,000
2,122
Middle Atlantic
East North Central
1,972
West North Central .
1 003
South Atlantic
786
East South Cent.-al
588
West South Central
159
185
Pacific
418
NUMBER PEE 100,000 POPULATION.
22.5
4.2
36.9
9.0
30.7
33.0
32.6
33.6
4.8
3.9
0.2
6.1
24.2
9.8
6.0
5.0
5.4
0.7
1.6
0.1
2.7
4.6
54.5
47.1
53.7
46.6
20.1
16.5
4.4
12.0
36.5
15.3
Middle Atlantic
11.0
East North Central
10 8
8.6
South Atlantic
6. 4
East South Central
7.0
West South Central
1.8
7.0
Pacific . ...
10.0
In interpreting this table it is to be remembered
that it does not include feeble-minded persons in the
general population, but only those either in institu-
tions specifically for this class or in almshouses. Ac-
cordingly, it is indicative mainly of the degree to
wliich the states have emphasized institutional care
for this class of defectives, and the evident dispro-
portion between the groups of states does not indicate
the actual situation so far as the number of feeble-
minded in proportion to the population is concerned.
The small numbers and the low rate per 100,000 of
population in the southern and western divisions by
no means prove that feeblc-mindedness is not pro-
portionally as prevalent there as in the northern and
eastern divisions, but merely that the states of those
sections have not yet faced the problem of dealing
with the situation. That the three great southern
divisions should report but six feeble-minded negroes in
special institutions (see Table 2, p. 196), all in the one
state of Tennessee, is simply evidence that the Southern
states have made practically no provision for the
institutional care of this class of defectives.
Comparison: 1910 and 1904- — The following table
shows, by geographic divisions and states, the num-
ber reported as inmates of institutions for the feeble-
minded on January 1, 1910, and on January 1, 1904;
the number admitted to institutions during 1910 and
1904; and the increase under each headmg.
Table 4
feeble-minded in institutions.
DIVISION AND STATE.
Enumerated on Jan. 1.
Admitted during the year.
1910
19(M
Increase:^
1901-1910
1910
1904
Increase:'
1904-1910
United States
20,731
14,347
6,384
3,825
2,599
1,226
GEOGRAPHIC DIVISIONS:
New Knj'lnnd ,
2,012
6,766
5,941
3,906
584
330
19
160
1,013
1,161
4,53S
4,571
2,888
338
189
14'
643
851
2,22.S
1,370
1,018
246
141
19
146
365
640
1,152
909
624
89
135
11
71
194
168
784
728
672
69
55
19"
114
472
Middle .\tlantic
East North Central
WestNorth Central....
South Atlantic
East South Central....
West South Central. . .
Mountain. .
368
181
-48
30
80
11
52
Pacific
80
New England:
Maine
62
144
64'
62
80
83
46
8'
83
New Hampshire
Vermont
38
1,464
4S
294
3,421
640
2,705
1,526
1,135
1,265
9S6
1,029
1,194
1,189
512
145
(')
446
420
878
"■"219'
2,135
460
1,943
1,125
1,036
1,283
516
611
888
981
250
SI
337
381
586
48
75
1,286
180
762
401
99
-18
470
418
306
208
262
145
458
6
47
629
106
.417
150
102
207
204
246
207
201
60
47
(=)
23
86
117
43'
459
67
258
182
82
224
141
99
183
171
104
86
26
49
53
341
Rhode Island..
6
4
Middle Atlantic:
New York.
170
New Jersey
39
159
East North Central:
Ohio
—32
Indiana
Illinois
20
-17
63
Wisconsin
147
West North Central:
24
Iowa
30
—44
North Dakota.
—39
South Dakota
Nebraska
109
39
—26
33
South Atlantic:
Maryland
310
162
148
22
14
8
60
214
35
141
25
73
19
48
11
34
8
14
North Carolina
Florida.. .
East South Central:
Kentucky
283
47
189
94
47
86
49
55
31
49
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas ...
Texas .
19
51
19
51
11
49
11
Mountain:
MnntftTift
49
64
14
50
9
19
-10
Utah
45
45
13
13
Pacific:
159
81
78
28
43
-16
Oregon.
854
567
287
166
71
95
• A minus sign ( — ) denotes decrease. 2 No report received in 1910.
The figures indicate very clearly that the period
under review was one of tran.sition and of develop-
ment under widely divergent conditions. The addi-
tion of seven states to the number providing special
institutions affected the total number of inmates
comparatively little. In most states there was a
material increase in the number enumerated on Janu-
ary 1, and in only one state, Illinois, was there a de-
crease; but there are several states in which there
was a decrease in the number of admissions during a
given year.
The tendency to replace the almshouse by the spe-
cial institution in providing for the feeble-minded is
shown by the following table, which gives the number
ANALYSIS OF RETURNS.
187
of feeble-minded reported in special institutions and
in almshouses in 1910 and in 1904. In each geographic
division the ratio of feeble-minded reported in alms-
houses to those reported in special institutions de-
clined in the interval between these two censuses. In
the two southern divisions in 1910 the number in
special institutions relative to the number in alms-
houses was still small, but it was larger than it was
in 1904.
Table 5
FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED ON JAN. 1.
Number
in alms-
houses
to 100 in
special
institu-
tions.
DIVISION.
Total.
In special
institutions.
In almshouses.
Number.
Per
cent of
total.
Number.
Per
cent of
total.
United States:
1910
33,969
30,898
20,731
14,347
61.0
46.4
13, 238
16,551
39.0
53.6
63.9
1904
115.4
NoBTH Atlantic:
1910
12,666
10,827
15,236
13,965
2,452
2,772
1,768
1,988
1,847
1,346
8,778
5,699
9,847
7,459
584
338
349
189
1,173
662
69.3
52.6
64.6
53,4
23.8
12.2
19.7
9.5
63.5
49.2
3,888
5,128
5,389
6,506
1,868
2,434
1,419
1,799
674
684
30.7
47.4
35.4
46.6
76.2
87.8
80.3
90.5
36.5
50.8
44.3
1904
90.0
NOETH Central:
1910
54.7
1904
87.2
South Atlantic:
1910
319.9
1904
720.1
South Centeal:
1910
406.6
1904
951.9
Western:
1910
57.5
1904
103.3
Note. — In this table it was necessary to give the geo^aphic grouping of states
adopted in the report of 1904, since at that census the feeble-minded in almshouses
were not showm by smaller divisions or by states. The relationship of the one
grouping of states to the other is as follows:
GEOGHAPmC DIVISIONS.
In 1904.
In 1910.
North Atlantic.
/New England.
North Central . .
lEast North Central.
South Central
/East South Central.
Western..
1 Mountain.
\ Pacific.
Age. — In considering the classification by age of the
inmates of institutions for the feeble-minded it is to
be remembered that the mental condition indicated
by the general term "feeble-minded" is, for the most
part, congenital, and that the admission to institu-
tions for this class of defectives usually takes place
in the period of childhood or youth.
The following table shows that of the feeble-minded
admitted to institutions in the year 1910, 24.5 per
cent, or nearly one-fourth, were under 10 years of
age; 28.4 per cent were between 10 and 15 years of
age; and 21.3 per cent were between 15 and 20.
About three-fourths of the total number, therefore
(74.2 per cent), were under 20 years of age. The
age distribution of those present in institutions on
January 1, 1910, shows smaller percentages in the
younger age groups. Not quite one-half (47.3 per
cent) of the total number were under 20 years of age,
7.5 per cent being under 10 years of age, 17.6 per
cent between 10 and 15, and 22.2 per cent between
15 and 20.
The number of inmates present and the nimiber of
admissions in proportion to population is shown for
each age group by the ratios in the following table.
The ratio of admissions reaches its maximum in the
age group 10 to 14, in which group 11.9 persons were
admitted to every 100,000 persons of the same age.
This is a ratio of about 1 to 10,000. In all the age
groups above 30 years of age the ratio is less than 2
to 100,000.
All ages
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 years and over
Age unknowD
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS: 1910.
Number.
Enu-
merated
20,731
Admit-
ted dur-
ing the
year.
3,825
98
139
1,443
798
3,649
1,086
4,593
815
3,574
310
2,483
189
1,729
124
1,099
98
707
66
414
37
256
24
128
18
183
52
375
69
Per cent
distribution.
Enu-
merated
Jan. 1.
100.0
0.5
7.0
17.6
22.2
17.2
12.0
8.3
5.3
3.4
2.0
1.2
0.6
0.9
1.8
Admit-
ted dur-
ing the
year.
3.6
20.9
4
3
8. 1
4.9
3.2
2.6
1.7
1.0
0.6
0.5
1.4
1.8
Per 100,000 popu-
lation of same age.
Enu- j Admit-
merated i ted dur-
on ing the
Jan. 1. year.
22.5
4.2
0.9
14.8
40.1
50.7
39.5
30.4
24.8
17.2
13.4
9.3
6.6
4.6
2.9
1.3
8.2
11.9
9.0
3.4
2.3
1.8
1.5
1.3
0.8
0.6
0.6
0.8
Race and nativity. — From Table 7 (p. 188) it appears
that of the 20,731 poreons enumerated in institutions
for the feeble-minded on Januaiy 1, 1910, 20,441 were
white, 280 were negroes, and 10 were classed as other
colored, comprising Chinese, Japanese, and Indians.
Of the whites, 18,129 were native born and 1,247
foreign born.
Table 7 gives, for each race and nativity class, the
number of feeble-minded enumerated in institutions
on January 1, 1910, and the number admitted during
the year, also the ratio of feeble-minded in institutions
per 100,000 population. It must be remembered, how--
ever, that these ratios are not a safe basis for conclu-
sions regarding the relative prevalence of feeble-mind-
edness in the different classes here distinguished. This
is forcibly illustrated by the contrast between the ratios
for the negroes and the whites. The ratio for the negro is
low, as compared with that for the white, simply because
89 per cent of the negroes hve in the South, where there
are very few institutions for the feeble-minded.
The foreign-born white in proportion to their num-
bers contribute to the institutions for the feeble-
minded only about one-third as many inmates as the
native white, the ratio of foreign-born white inmates
to the foreign-born white population being 9.3 to
100,000, while the corresponding ratio for the native
white was 26.5 to 100,000. The ratio of admissions
li
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
during the year was 1.6 to 100,000 for the former, as
compared with 4.9 to 100,000 for the latter. The
difference is partly accounted for by the fact that
there are comparatively few children in the foreign-
born population, most of the immigrants being of
adult age when they arrive in the United States.
There is the further fact that under the immigration
laws the feeble-minded are excluded from admission
to the United States, or, if admitted, are Uable to depor-
tation within a limited period thereafter.
In considering the numbers and ratios shown for the
native white of native parentage and the native white
of foreign or mixed parentage in Table 7 it should be
remembered that the classification is incomplete, since
the question as to parentage was unanswered for 23.6
per cent, or almost one-fourth of the native white
feeble-minded present in institutions on January 1,
and for about 15 per cent of those admitted during
the year. This deficiency, of course, makes the num-
bers and ratios too small for each parentage class.
According to the nmnbers reported the ratio of
feeble-minded is considerably higher for the native
white of foreign or mixed parentage than it is for the
native white of native parentage. This would be a
natural result of the mere difference between the
geographic distribution of the two classes. The native
white of foreign or mixed pai-entage are largely con-
centrated in sections of the United States where some
provision is made for the institutional care of the
feeble-minded. Only 6.7 per cent of them are located
in the South, as compared with 37.5 per cent of the
native white of native parentage.
Table 7
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS: 1910.
RACE AND NATIVITY.
Number.
Per 100,000 popula-
tion of same race
and nativity.
Enumer-
ated on
Jan. 1.
Admitted
during
tlie year.
Enumer-
ated on
Jan. 1.
Admitted
during
the year.
Total
20,731
3,825
22.5 4.2
White
20,441
3,737
25.0 4.6
18,129
8,408
5,413
4,308
1,247
1,065
280
10
3,371
1,626
1,243
502
210
156
85
3
26.5
17.0
28.6
4.9
3.3
Foreign or mixed parentage
6.6
9.3
1.6
2.8
2.4
0.9
other colored
0.7
Table 8 indicates that the contrast between the
native and the foreign-born white as regards the pro-
portionate numbers in institutions for the feeble-
minded, is as marked in each geographic division as
it is for the country as a whole.
This table shows statistics for the negroes also, but
the numbers involved are so small that the ratios mav
be afl'ected very materially by circumstances which are
merely temporary or accidental. The strikingly high
ratio for New England should not, for that reason, be
accepted as typical or as conclusive evidence of a per-
manent difference between that section and other parts
of the United States as regards the admission of negroes
to institutions for the feeble-minded.
Table 8
DmsioN. ■
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Admitted during the year.
Native
white.
Foreign-
bom
white.
Negro.
Native
white.
Foreign-
bom
white.
Negro.
NUMBER.
United States
18,129
1,247
2S0
3,371
210
85
1,795
5,954
4,797
3,585
571
322
19
152
934
139
459
359
222
5
2
33
97
95
45
6
551
976
807
576
83
117
11
71
179
37
86
43
1
Middle Atlantic
27
East North Central
West North Central
16
8
East South Central
17
West South Central
6
55
4
Pacific
15
NUMBER PER 100,000 POPtTLATION OF SAME COLOR
AND NATinrT.
United States
26.5
9.3
2.8
4.9
1.6
0.9
New England
38.5
42.4
32.3
36.8
0.7
0.3
7.3
29.5
7.7
9.5
11.7
13.8
1.7
2.3
49.8
23.2
31.6
18.5
■'"6." 2'
11.8
6.9
5.4
5.9
1.1
2.1
0.2
3.4
5.7
2.0
1.8
1.4
1.7
0.3
25.5
Middle Atlantic
6.5
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic
5.3
3.3
East South Central
0.6
West South Central
Mountain .
1.4
6.4
■■ii'?'
■
Pacific
1.7
In the following table the native and foreign-born
white present in institutions for the feeble-minded on
January 1, 1910, and admitted to such institutions
during the year 1910, are classified by age groups,
and the ratio of inmates present and of admissions
per 100,000 population is shown for each age group.
Because of the incompleteness of the returns, how-
ever, it is deemed inadvisable to present ratios for the
native white of native parentage and of foreign or
mixed parentage. In the age group 5 to 9 the ratio
of inmates to total population is somewhat higher
for the foreign-born white (19.1 per 100,000) than it
is for the native white (16.3 per 100,000), and in the
age group 10 to 14 the two ratios are not far apart.
Similarly, the ratio of admissions for the two classes
indicates no very great difference between them in
these age groups. In all older age groups, however,
the ratio of inmates present and of admissions is
much lower for the foreign-born white than for the
native white, as would be expected in view of the
restrictive immigration laws, and of the probabihty
that apart from the existence of legal barriers at the
port of entry feeble-minded persons are not likelj^ to
emigrate if left to act upon their own initiative.
ANALYSIS OF RETURNS.
189
Table 9
.\GE GROUP.
All ages...
Under 5 years...
5 to 9 years
lOto Hyears
15tol9years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35to39yeats
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 years and over
Age unknown . . .
All ages
Under 5
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
I.i to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 years and over
yEEBLE-MINDED IN mSTITDTIONS: 1910.
Enumerated on Admitted during
Jan. 1. !' the year.
Native
white.
Foreign-
bom,
white.
Native
white.
Foreign-
bom
white.
18,129
1,247
88
4
1,336
57
3,339
139
4,135
194
3.101
232
2,145
199
1,434
153
938
97
611
62
350
39
217
25
105
11
144
26
1S6
9
3,371
131
719
977
732
269
163
103
80
58
27
20
14
38
40
34
46
39
29
16
13
NT7MBEB PEE 100,000 POPULATION OF
SAUE AGE, RACE, ASD NATIVITY.
26.5
9.3
1.0
1C.3
44.2
56.7
47.3
38.3
30.1
21.7
17.6
12.0
8.3
5.6
3.7
3.9
19.1
38.8
28.8
16.2
12.0
10.2
6.9
4.8
3.4
2.7
1.6
0.5
4.9 1
1.6
1.4
8.8
12.9
10.0
4.1
2.9
2.2
1.9
1.7
0.9
0.8
0.7
1.0
11.4
12.8
5.8
2.0
1.0
0.9
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.1
0.4
0.3
Sex. — In the following table the inmates of institu-
tions for the feeble-minded enumerated on January 1,
1910, and admitted during the year are classified by
sex, race, and nativity:
Table 10
PEEBLE-MDIDED IN INSTITnnONS: 1910.
RACE AND NATIVITY.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1.
Admitted during
the year.
Male. Female.
Male.
Female.
Total
11,015 9,'716
2,227
1,598
VThiUt
10,849
9,592
2,173
1,564
Native
9,656
4,679
3,038
1,939
647
546
162
4
8,437
3,729
2,375
2,369
600
519
118
6
1,987
986
720
281
115
71
53
1
1 384
Native parentage
640
Foreign or mixed parentage
523
221
Foreign bom
95
Nativity unknown..
85
Negro
32
2
According to the census of 1890, which included a
general enumeration of defective classes in the United
States, there were 124.2 feeble-minded males to every
100 feeble-minded females. In the report for 1904,
covering only inmates of institutions, the ratio was
116.2 males to 100 females, and in the present report,
as shown in the following table, it is 113.4, while in
the general population the ratio of males to 100 fe-
males is 106. The admissions during the year show a
considerably larger proportion of males than the
enumeration at the beginning of the vear.
Table 11
MALES PEE 100 FEMALES IN THE
UNITED STATES.
CLASSIFICATION.
In institutions for
feeble-minded.
General
population.
Enumer-
ated on
Jan. 1,1910.
Admitted
during
1910.
Total
113.4
139.4
106.0
113.1
138.9
106.6
114.0
125.5
127.9
81.8
107.8
105.2
137.3
143.6
154.1
137.7
127.1
^:]
102.7
104.0
Foreign or mixed parentage
99. S
Foreign bom
129.2
Negro
98.9
» Ratio not shown, the number of females being less than 100.
C
From the next table it appears that the inmates of
institutions for the feeble-minded include more males
than females, not only absolutely but in proportion
to the total population of the same se.x. On January
1 the ratio of male inmates to 100,000 male population
was 23.3, the corresponding ratio of female inmates
being 21.8; the ratio of admissions during the year to
100,000 popidation of the same sex was 4.7 for males
and 3.6 for females.
Compared by age groups the ratio of inmates
present is higher for males than for females up to the
age of 25, and above that age is higher for females. In
the case of admissions the ratio is higher for males in
the age groups below 20 and above 45, but in the
groups between 20 and 45 is higher for females.
Table IZ
AGE GEOUP.
All ages .
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
10 to U years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to29 vears
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 years and over .
Age unknown
.\llages
Under 5 years...
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
5.5 to 59 yt^ars
60 years and over
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITDTIONS: 1910.
Enumerated on
Jan. 1,
Male. Female. Male.
-Admitted during
the year.
Female.
11,015
61
906
2,248
2,532
1,862
1,239
797
456
310
157
112
57
89
1S9
9,716
37
537
1,401
2,061
1,712
1,244
932
643
397
257
144
71
94
186
2,227
86
524
669
453
149
95
51
49
27
24
17
10
30
43
1,598
53
274
417
362
161
94
73
49
39
13
7
8
22
26
NUMBEE PER 100,000 P0PUL.ATION OF
SAME AGE AND SEX.
23.3
1.1
18.4
48.9
55.9
40.7
29.2
21.8
13.5
11.1
6.6
5.3
3.8
2.8
21.8
4.7
0.7
11. 1
31.1
45.4
3a 2
31.6
28.1
21.2
16.0
12.3
8.0
5.5
3.1
1.6
10.6
14.5
10.0
3.3
2.2
1.4
1.5
1.0
1.0
0.8
0.7
0.9
3.6
1.0
5.7
9.3
8.0
3.0
2.4
2.2
1.6
1.6
0.6
0.4
0.6
0.7
190
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Physically defective feeble-minded. — Table 13 brings
out the significant fact that a large proportion of the
feeble-minded are physically defective — that is, blind,
deaf, crippled, maimed or deformed, paralytic or epi-
leptic. Out of a total of 20,731 persons enmnerated
on January 1, 1910, in institutions for the feeble-
miaded, 5,246, or 25.3 per cent, are reported as thus
defective, wliile of the 3,825 admitted to the institu-
tions during the year, 910, or 23.8 per cent, were
defective.
It is of some interest to note that the proportion
reported as physically defective was considerably
smaller ia 1910 than it was in 1904. Based on the
total number enimaerated at the beginniag of the year
and admitted duriug the year, the percentage phys-
ically defective declined from 30.2 in 1904 to 25.1 in
1910. The decline took place principally in the per-
centage of epileptics, which was 17.8 in 1904 and 11.6
in 1910, and probably reflects the tendency to make
special provision for the care of epileptics in colonies
or separate Lastitutions.
The followuig table gives the percentage of phys-
ically defective in the several geographic divisions. It
may be noted that the percentages in the New England
and the Middle Atlantic divisions are considerably
lower than iu most of the other divisions, and probably
reflect differences in the extent to which provision
has been made for the care of defectives in special
institutions.
Table 13
FEEBLE-MINDED IS INSTITDTIONS— PERCENTAGE
REPOETED AS PHYSICALLY DEFECTIVE.
DIVTSION.
Total.
Blind. Deaf.
Crippled,
maimed,
or de-
formed.
Para-
lytic.
Epi-
leptic
Two or
more
defects.
ENTJMERATED ON JAN. 1.
United States
25.3
0.6
1.4
4.7 2.9
11.8
3.9
New England
17.3
18.7
29.6
33.2
39.2
20.6
47.4
16.9
37.7
0.8
0.3
0.6
0.7
0.9
0.9
10.5
"'o.i'
1.8
0.8
1.3
1. 7
0.7
"o.'e'
5.3
2.5
4.3
6.5
4.6
4.3
2.1
15.8
1.3
2.3
4.6
1.9
3.4
3.6
2.4
3.6
""I'.Y
5.5
7.7
12.8
17.7
21.9
13.3
15.8
14.4
15.9
2.1
Middle Atlantic
1.6
East Nortli Central
West North Central
South Atlantic ' .
4.9
4.9
9.1
East South Central
West South Central
Moimtain
0.6
5.3
0.6
11.8
ADMITTED DURING THE TEAR.
United States
23.8
0.6
1.8
4.0
3.5
10.3
3.7
N«w F.n(^lanH
16.3
15.4
25.0
38.9
27.0
30.4
9.1
39.4
33.5
0.5
0.7
0.4
0.8
1.3
2.2
1.2
1.3
2.5
3.9
3.7
4.8
3.4
8.9
3.8
2.0
3.6
5.6
3.4
10.4
6.4
4.9
12.1
18.4
15.7
5.2
1.9
1.6
East North Central
West North Central
South Atlantic
3.9
8.0
4.5
East South Central
West South Central
2.2
3.0
0.7
9.1
Mountain
Pacific
4.2
4.1
18.3
1.4
11.3
21.1
4.2
S 2
Discharges. — Most of those inmates who were dis-
charged from institutions for the feeble-minded in 1910
were intrusted to the care of relatives or friends, <mly
55 being reported as discharged to "keeping of self."
As regards the condition of those discharged, 612, or
about 61 per cent, were reported as improved, which
includes those who were cured, if any, and 280 as
unimproved, while for 117 no report \vas obtained.
CUSTODY AND CONDITION.
Total
Custody:
Disdiarged to custody of relative or friend.
Discharged to custody of self
No report as to custody
Condition:
Improved ,
Not improved
Not reported
FEEBLE-MINDED INUATES OF
INSTFIDTIOSS WHO WERE
DISCHARGED IS THE YEAB
1910.
Total.
1,009
864
55
90
612
2S0
117
Male.
650
50
54
399
187
Female.
355
314
6
36
213
93
49
Deaths. — The number of deaths reported in in-
stitutions for the feeble-minded in the year 1910
was 895. The ratio of deaths to the number of inmates
present at the beginning of the year was approxi-
mately 43 to 1,000. If the ratio is computed on the
basis of the number of inmates present at the beginning
of the year (20,731) plus the number admitted during
the year (3,825) it becomes approximately 36 to
1,000. It may be said, therefore, that tlie death rate
for the feeble-minded in institutions lies between 36
and 43 per 1,000. Naturally the rate is high for a
class of population mentally, and also to a large
extent physically, defective or diseased.
Almost one-fourth of the deaths reported (23.5 per
cent) were from tuberculosis of the lungs, 17.1 per
cent were from epilepsy, and 11.8 from pneumonia.
These three causes account for more than one-half
(52.4 per cent) of the total number of deaths.
Table 15
ClUSE OF DEATH.
All causes
Typhoid fever
Dysentery
Erysipelas
Tuberculosis of the lungs
Other forms of tuberculosis ,
Cancer and other malignant tumors . . ,
Cerebral hemorrhage and softening
General paralysis of the insane
Other forms of mental alienation ,
Epilepsy
\U other diseases of the nervous
system ,
Organic diseases of the heart
Diseases of the arteries (arterio-
sclerosis), etc
Pneumonia (all forms) ,
Diarrhea and enteritis ,
Nephritis (Bright's disease)
Senility
Suicide ,
Violent deaths (suicide excepted)
All other causes
Cause unknown
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITtmONS 'WHO
DIED IN 1910.
TotaL
10
4
4
210
29
7
13
9
9
153
33
41
2
106
42
17
12
1
12
170
11
Male.
fe-
male.
411
4
3
2
113
Per cent distributioiL
Total.
100.0
1.1
0.4
0.4
23.5
Male.
100.0
15
3.2 '
6
0.8 1
4
1.5 i
2
1.0 j
4
1.0 1
57
17.1 j
16
3.7
21
4.6
1
0.2
43
11.8
IS
4.7
10
1.9
9
1.3
1
0.1
2
1.3
73
19.0
7
1.2
1.2
0.2
0.4
20.0
2.9
0.2
1.9
1.4
1.0
19.8
3.5
4.1
0.2
13.0
5.0
1.4
0.6
2.1
20.0
0.8
Fe-
male.
100.0
1.0
0.7
0.5
27.5
3.6
1.5
1.0
0.5
1.0
13.9
3.9
5.1
0.2
10.5
4.4
2.4
2.2
0.2
0.5
17.8
1.7
GENERAL TABLES
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS
(191)
192
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Table 1.— FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS, 1910:
DJSTITDTION.
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTTTnTIONS.
Enumerated on January
1, 1910.
Total.
Uale.
Female.
White.
Colored.
Native.
Foreign
bom.
Nativity
unknown.
1
United States
20,731
11,015
9,716
18,129
1,247
1,065
290
CALIFORNIA.
Total
o
854
825
6
23
64
64
294
294
1,265
1,221
44
1,135
1,135
1,189
1,186
3
420
420
283
208
75
62
62
310
298
12
1,464
1,343
45
54
H
11
986
946
13
27
1,194
1,194
512
400
66
39
7
51
51
470
455
6
9
39
39
156
156
718
693
25
518
518
619
618
1
237
237
167
121
46
49
49
151
144
7
879
783
45
40
5
6
518
503
2
13
62S
628
233
186
44
384
370
784
757
6
21
60
60
274
274
1,062
1,019
43
1,072
1,072
1,129
1,126
3
393
393
283
208
75
62
62
307
295
12
1,278
1,162
42
52
11
11
824
784
13
27
1,053
1,053
4%
397
56
36
7
51
51
50
48
15
15
5
5
1
Public:
Sonoma State Home, Eldridge
i
Private:
Bird Haven (Inc.), San Jose
5
Osborne Hall, Santa Clara
14
25
25
138
138
547
528
19
617
617
570
568
2
183
183
116
87
29
13
13
159
154
5
5S6
560
14
6
5
468
443
11
14
566
566
279
214
22
39
4
21
21
2
2
2
12
12
49
48
1
5
6
25
25
fi
COLORADO.
Total
2
2
5
5
133
133
7
Private:
Woodoroft Snhool for Feeble-minded Obildren, Pueblo
8
CONNECTICUT.
Total
3
3
21
21
q
Public:
Cnnnenticiit RchonI for Tmh«*ilp<! T.ftVevillft
in
ILLINOIS.
Total
11
PubUc;
T.innnln .Stat^ Schonl ft.nd Cnlnnv, T.inp/iln.
^?.
Private:
13
INDIANA.
Total
37
37
21
21
21
21
14
14
14
PubUc:
IS
IOWA.
Total
Ifi
Public:
17
Private:
IS
KANSAS.
Total
3
3
24
24
19
PubUc:
.Statft TToTTiA for Fpftble-fninHed, Wjnfipld
2n
KENTUCKY.
Total
21
PubUc:
22
Private:
The Stewart Home and School tor Feeble-minded, Farmdale
23
MAINE.
Total
24
Public:
Maine School for Feeble-minded, West Pownal
2.1
MARYLAND.
Total
3
3
26
PubUe:
Maryland Asylum and Training School for Feeble-minded, Owings Mills.
Private:
Gelston Heights Private Home for Mental Defectives, Gelston Heights,
Baltimore.
MASSACHUSETTS.
Total
27
28
123
119
2
2
34
33
1
29
29
29
30
PubUc:
Massachusetts School for Feeble-minded, Waltham (P. 0. Waverly)
31
Private:
Elm Hill Private School and Home for the Feeble-minded, Barre
Institution (name withheld)
32
33
Mrs. W. D. Herrick's Home School, The Terrace, Amherst
34
MICHIGAN.
Total
80
80
78
78
4
4
S.'J
PubUc:
Michigan Home for the Feeble-minded and Epileptic, Lapeer
36
Private:
St. -Anthony's School for Feeble-minded, Nazareth
37
Wilbur Home and School for the Backward and Mentally Defective,
Kalamazoo.
MINNESOTA.
38
132
132
16
3
10
3
5
5
4
4
39
40
Public:
Minnesota School for Feeble-minded and Colony for EpaepHcs, Faribault.
MISSOURL
Total
41
PubUc:
Missouri Colony for the Feeble-minded and Epileptic, MarehaU
Private:
Emmaus Asylum for Epileptics and Feeble-minded, MarthasvUle
42
43
44
3
30
30
45
MONTANA.
Total
46
PubUc:
Montana Training School for Backward Children, Boulder
GENERAL TABLES.
193
SUMMARY BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS.
P£EBLE-H1NDED IN INSTITUTIONS — Continued.
Admitted in 1910.
Discharged in 1910.
Transferred in 1910.
Died in
1910.
Total.
Male.
Female.
White.
Colored.
To keep-
ing of
friends or
relatives.
To keep-
ing of
self.
Not
reported.
To other institutions
tor feeble-minded.
To insti-
tutions
not for
feeble-
minded.
Native.
Foreign
bora.
Nativity
unlmown.
Present
Jan. 1.
Admitted
in 1910.
3,825
2,227
1,598
3,371
210
lofl
88
804
55
90
107
17
180
895
1
166
157
S
4
9
9
47
47
207
171
36
102
102
201
201
101
98
6S
59
S
1
3
3
16
16
77
67
10
49
49
90
90
155
149
2
4
9
9
44
44
185
149
36
94
94
192
192
11
8
3
23
21
4
4
8
4
4
36
33
2
1
1
1
27
27
42
33
9
43
43
51
51
?
3
4
3
6
6
31
31
130
104
26
53
S3
111
111
2
10
10
10
10
61
40
21
48
48
75
75
5
U
11
6
7
1
1
9
9
2
2
10
10
R
9
3
3
4
3
1
9
9
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
3
2
1
1
1
1
1
10
11
1
n
3
3
2
2
2
2
5
5
3
3
2
2
1
1
13
14
15
IS
17
86
86
86
64
22
83
83
22
20
2
458
233
222
47
47
46
37
9
60
60
17
16
1
246
132
111
39
39
40
27
13
23
23
5
4
1
212
101
HI
79
79
86
64
22
SO
80
22
20
2
377
193
181
7
7
5
5
15
5
10
1
1
11
9
2
45
32
12
3
3
4
3
1
4
4
2
2
25
15
15
18
19
?0
21
22
3
3
4
4
6
6
23
24
?5
26
?7
36
15
21
28
19
9
17
6
11
1
1
1
1
51
50
5
3
1
29
25
4
24
22
2
28
29
30
31
3
3
3
1
1
32
1
33
204
19«
3
5
207
207
60
38
15
6
1
49
49
112
106
2
4
119
119
29
20
8
92
90
1
1
88
88
31
18
7
6
161
153
3
5
195
195
55
36
12
6
1
49
49
13
13
25
25
5
5
13
7
2
4
50
50
27
21
2
3
1
34
34
1
73
73
1
68
68
34
3.S
1
36
1
1
1
6
6
37
10
10
3
1
1
2
2
1
1
5
5
1
1
1
1
68
C8
19
14
3
1
1
1
I
38
39
1
40
41
3
1
42
43
1
28
28
44
21
21
2
2
7
7
4S
4«
276220— 14-
-13
194
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Tabie 1.— FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS, 1910:
rasirrnTioN.
NEBRASKA.
Total
Public:
Nebraska Institute tor Feeble-minded Youth, Beatrice
NEW HAMPSHIRE.
Total
PubUc:
New Hampshire School for Feeble-minded Children, Laconia
NEW JERSEY.
Total
PubUc:
New Jersey State Institution for Feeble-minded Women, Vineland
Private:
Bancroft Training School, Haddonfield
"The Larches," Cranbury .t
New Jersey Training School for Feeble-mindedOirls and Boys, Vineland .
The Seguin School, Orange
NEW YORK.
Total
Public:
New York State Custodial Asylum for Feeble-minded Women, Newark.
Rome State Custodial Asylum, Rome
Syracuse State Institution for Feeble-minded Children, Syracuse
>few York City Children's Hospitals and Schools, Randall's Island,
New York City.
Private:
The Brunswick Home, Amityville
Institution (name withheld)
NORTH DAKOTA.
Total
Public:
North Dakota Institution for Feeble-minded, Grafton
OHIO.
Total
PubUc:
Institution for Feeble-minded, Columbus
PENNSYLVANIA.
Total
PubUc:
Eastern Peimsylvania State Institution for the Feeble-minded and Epi-
leptic, Spring City.
Pennsylvania Training School for Feeble-minded Children. Elwjrn
Western Pennsylvania State Institution for Feeble-mindea, Polk
Private:
The Brookwood School, Landsdowne
Miss McGrew's School for Boys of High Grade Defective Mentality, Bala.
Institution (name withheld)
RHODE ISLAND.
Total
PubUc:
Rhode Island School for the Feeble-minded, Slocum
SOUTH DAKOTA.
Total
PubUc:
South Dakota School for Feeble-minded, Redfield '
TENNESSEE.
Total
PubUc:
Davidson County Hospital, Nashville
TEXAS.
Total
Private:
Texas School and Sanitarium for Defectives, Austin
UT.VH.
Total
PubUc:
Utah State Mental Hospital, Provo
VIRGINIA.
Total
Private:
Virginia Home and Training School for the Feeble-minded and Epi-
leptic, Falls Church.
WASHINGTON.
Total
Public:
State Institution for Feeble-minded, Medical Lake
WEST VraGINL\.
Total
PubUc:
The West Virginia Asylum, Huntington
WISCONSIN.
Total
Public:
Wisconsin Home for Feeble-minded, Chippewa Falls
Chippewa County Asylum, Chippewa Falfe
Private:
EvangeUcal Lutheran Home for Feeble-mindecL Watertown
St. Coletta's Institute for Backward Youth, Jefferson
FEEBLE-MlNDEn IN INSTITUTIONS.
Enumerated on January 1, 1910.
Total.
446
446
144
144
640
182
49
10
374
25
3,421
792
1,045
545
913
120
6
145
145
1,526
1,526
2,705
194
1,065
1,425
11
8
2
48
48
47
47
19
19
46
45
60
60
169
169
214
214
1,029
918
18
39
54
Male.
235
235
70
70
296
23
4
263
1,685
764
276
557
79
79
810
810
612
774
Female,
211
211
74
74
344
182
26
6
111
19
1,736
792
281
269
356
716
716
1,107
453
651
25
22
26
22
9
10
9
10
4S
46
29
31
29
31
90
69
90
69
116
98
116
98
468
561
421
8
497
10
18
21
21
33
White.
Native.
404
404
141
141
644
119
44
9
347
25
670
884
468
717
120
6
110
110
2,545
156
1,023
1,346
10
8
2
40
40
39
39
19
19
41
41
60
60
150
150
204
204
947
845
10
38
54
Foreign
bora.
333
75
99
28
131
32
32
162
Nativity
unknown.
3
3
426
426
26
19
' No reports.
GENERAL TABLES.
SUMMARY BY INDIVIDUAL INSTITUTIONS— Continued.
195
FEEBLE-MINDED IN fflSTlTDTIONS— Continued.
Admitted in 1910.
Disdiarged in 1910.
Transferred in 1910.
Diedta
1910.
23
23
2
2
10
5
2
1
2
Total.
Male.
Female.
White.
Ckjlored.
To keep-
ing of
friends or
relatives.
To keep-
ing of
self.
Not
reported.
To other institutions
lor feeble-minded.
To insti-
tutions
not for
feeble-
minded.
Native.
Foreign
bora.
Nativity
unknown
Present
Jan. 1.
Admitted
in 1910.
23
23
46
46
106
40
12
8
31
15
629
27
163
54
365
17
3
47
47
150
150
417
105
58
249
10
10
27
27
42
1
25
349
13
13
19
19
64
39
4
4
6
11
280
27
55
32
158
7
1
18
18
59
59
133
21
21
44
44
80
16
11
8
30
15
526
21
150
48
288
16
3
34
34
139
139
370
90
55
220
2
2
1
7
2
2
18
18
5
5
33
2
7
2
7
15
163
4
12
19
123
3
2
11
11
45
45
110
16
35
56
2
1
1
1
1
1
4
4
3
1
4
3
1
10
S
ft
7
s
1
1
10
q
in
65
3
7
3
51
1
26
3
3
3
17
12
3
2
40
11
52
6
143
15
50
4
06
8
11
17
108
22
207
10
2
29
29
91
91
284
105
42
133
3
1
4
21
U
4
3
n
14
9
2
2
8
IS
16
17
11
11
2
2
17
9
2
6
1
1
4
4
19
1
1
5
5
11
6
1
4
1
1
1
1
14
13
13
37
37
103
3
21
78
1
18
19
1
1
37
32
3
2
?n
?1
9
2
1
??
n
16
116
?4
19
14
6
?5
1
76
3
2
6
6
3
1
6
6
3
2
6
6
3
77
1
1
1
1
78
2
2
1
1
?fl
10
31
32
49
49
11
11
13
13
19
19
28
28
48
48
246
184
36
36
8
S
7
7
10
10
16
16
26
26
150
108
13
13
3
3
6
6
9
9
12
12
22
22
96
76
31
31
11
11
13
13
19
19
24
24
42
42
228
171
1
1
17
17
1
1
8
8
3
3
2
2
24
24
2
2
28
8
1
9
10
4
4
2
2
1
1
19
19
33
34
3
3
35
36
37
38
2
2
4
4
19
19
89
84
1
3
1
39
40
4
4
1
1
16
11
1
1
1
1
41
42
5
5
2
2
43
44
2
2
1
4.'>
46
1
1
47
42
20
27
15
15
5
37
20
S
48
1
40
^
196
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Table 2.— FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910,
DIVISION AND STATE.
rEEBLE-MINDED
ENUMEEATED IN INSTmjTIONS
ON JANUAET 1, 1910.
Aggregate.
White.
Total.
Native.
Total.
Native parentage.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
1
20,731
11,015
9,716
20,441
10,849
9,592
18,129
9,656
8,473
8,408
4,679
3,729
Geogeaphic divisions:
New England
1
2,012
6,766
5,941
3,906
584
330
19
100
1,013
1,202
3,579
3,032
2,031
296
192
9
114
560
810
3,187
2,909
1,875
288
138
10
46
453
1,979
6.663
5,846
3,859
584
324
19
160
1,007
1,185
3,521
2,981
1,999
296
188
9
114
556
794
3,142
2,865
1,860
288
136
10
46
451
1,795
5,954
4,797
3,585
571
322
19
152
934
1,087
3,180
2,402
1,869
293
186
9
109
521
708
2,774
2,395
1,716
278
136
10
43
413
739
2,928
2,202
1,483
347
118
16
92
483
429
1,675
1,178
784
193
66
9
69
278
310
1,253
1,024
699
154
52
7
23
207
1
A
East North Central
S
West North Central
6
South Atlantic
7
East South Central
fl
9
Mountain
in
Pacific
New England:
Maine.
11
62
144
49
70
13
74
62
144
49
70
13
74
62
141
49
68
13
73
34
87
29
42
5
45
p
New Hampshire
n
Vermont
14
Massachusetts
1,404
48
294
3,421
640
2,705
1,526
1,135
1,265
986
1,029
1,194
1,189
512
145
879
48
156
1,685
296
1,598
810
518
718
518
468
628
619
233
79
585
1,435
47
291
3,374
631
2,658
1,480
1.114
1,244
982
1,026
1,190
1,175
512
145
S66
47
153
1,666
292
1,563
782
507
709
517
466
625
610
233
79
569
1,278
40
274
2,865
544
2,545
892
1,072
1,062
824
947
1,053
1,129
496
110
783
40
147
1,424
274
1,482
465
480
590
430
437
560
693
226
61
495
1,441
270
1,063
427
592
472
394
610
503
536
270
49
513
15
90
927
280
1,721
610
686
451
385
170
292
616
18
34
301
15
42
533
160
982
321
319
259
197
82
148
339
5
13
212
11
Phndo T^lnnH
15
flnnnpetient
138
1,736
344
1,107
716
617
547
468
561
566
570
279
66
138
1,708
339
1,095
698
607
535
465
560
565
565
279
66
48
394
120
739
289
267
192
ISS
88
144
277
13
21
17
Middle Atlantic:
New York
18
11
PpTiil^ylvftnif^. ,,.
9n
East Noeth Centeal:
Ohio
?i
?'>
Illinois
n
?4
Wi';fV>n<jin ,
?'i
West Noeth Central:
Minnesota
?B
Iowa
?7
Missouri . .
?S
North Dakota
f)
South Dakota
30
446
420
235
237
211
183
441
396
233
219
208
177
404
393
222
217
182
176
210
313
110
169
100
144
11
K'anW'*
3?
South Atlantic:
31
310
151
159
310
151
159
307
151
156
215
115
100
34
District of Columbia
3i
60
214
29
116
31
98
60
214
29
116
31
98
60
204
29
113
31
91
56
7C
27
51
29
25
35
West Virginia
37
3S
.^onth Cftmlina
3<)
40
Florida
41
East Soitth Central:
■ 283
47
167
25
116
22
283
41
167
21
116
20
283
39
167
19
116
20
80
38
47
19
33
19
4''
Tennessee.
43
Alabama
41
Mississippi
4S
West South Centeal:
45
T.onit;iftTi;\
47
Oklnhnma
4S
19
51
9
30
10
21
19
61
9
30
. ..
10
21
19
51
9
30
10
21
16
32
9
18
7
14
4<)
Mountain:
50
Idaho. . .
51
5?
Colorado
64
39
25
64
39
25
60
38
22
26
17
9
53
New Mexico. .
54
5i
Utah . ....
45
45
45
45
41
41
34
34
55
57
PACmc:
159
90
69
158
89
69
150
85
65
80
49
31
5S
50
854
470
384
849
467
382
784
436
348
403
227
176
GENERAL TABLES.
CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
197
FEEBLE-MINDED EITOMERATED IN mSTITUnONS ON JAITOART 1, 1910— CODtinaed.
White— Continued.
Other colored.
Native— Continued.
Foreign bom.
Nativity unknown.
Foreign or mixed parentage.
Parentage unknown. ,
1
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
5,413
3,038
2,375
4,308
1,939
2,369
1,247
647
600
1,065
546
519
280
162
118
10
4
6
1
733
1,858
1,066
1,327
19
1
2
33
374
459
1,047
584
704
8
274
811
432
623
11
1
2
9
162
323
1,168
1,529
775
206
203
1
27
77
199
458
640
381
92
120
124
710
889
394
113
83
1
11
44
139
459
359
222
5
2
72
227
203
110
2
2
67
232
156
112
3
45
2.50
690
52
8
26
114
376
20
1
19
136
314
32
7
33
97
95
45
17
56
51
31
16
41
44
14
?
6
2
4
3
4
2
1
1
6
6
4
2
7
f)
24
212
16
33
6
55
5
26
1
29
2
18
9'
2
9
9
4
3
1
2
1
1
10
13
38
12
19
1
19
15
16
8
1
9
11
3
2
1
1?
13
594
14
74
1,053
IM
641
113
89
286
346
232
674
303
63
64
373
14
41
581
88
378
54
52
174
196
108
355
146
34
41
221
171
11
110
885
100
183
169
397
325
93
545
87
210
415
12
109
11
64
310
26
122
90
109
157
37
247
47
108
187
7
62
123
1
12
333
39
87
162
5
49
80
63
132
25
16
32
64
1
5
154
16
57
96
3
27
52
25
71
11
7
16
59
7'
179
23
30
66
2
22
28
38
61
14
9
16
34
6
5
176
48
26
426
37
133
78
16
5
21
19
6
1
88
2
24
221
24
92
36
4
4
6
15
4'
88
46
2
205
13
41
43
12
1
15
29
1
3
41
9
47
46
21
21
4
3
4
14
13
1
3
17
4
35
28
11
9
1
2
3
9
16
14
LI
33
472
76
263
59
37
112
150
124
319
157
29
23
46
575
74
61
79
288
168
56
298
40
102
228-
5
16
24
5
12
18
10
12
3
1
1
5
6
2
4^
\l
19
20
?1
??,
?3
24
?,■)
if,
n
3
2
1
?8
?9
157
66
91
37
66
29
37
14
21
11
16
3
14
3
3
2
11
1
23
8
15
5
22
2
17
3
5
30
2
1
1
31
32
11
4
7
81
32
49
3
3
33
34
4
4
2
2
2
2
X,
124
60
64
2
2
8
1
7
»A
37
,W
39
4fl
203
120
83
41
1
1
2
2
6
4
2
24
34
44
4.')
4fi
47
2
19
2
7
1
1
48
12
49
50
51
7
5
2
27
16
11
2
1
1
2
2
52
53
M
7
7
4
4
A5
M
50
27
23
20
9
11
5
3
2
3
1
2
1
1
en
^s
324
185
139
57
24
33
60
23
27
15
8
7
3
2
1
2
li '
1
59
198
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Table 3.— FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED
DmsION AND STATE.
FEEBLE-MINDED
admitted
TO institdtions in 1010.
Aggregate.
White.
Total.
Native.
Total.
Native parentage.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
1,626
219
451
404
283
27
99
10
46
87
Male.
Female.
1
United States
3,825
2,227
1,698
3,737
2.173
1,664
3,371
1.987
1,384
986
130
283
249
159
17
60
7
24
67
640
89
168
155
124
10
39
3
22
30
Geographic divisions:
V
640
1,152
909
624
89
135
11
71
194
370
675
536
345
53
82
8
41
117
270
477
373
279
36
63
3
30
77
623
1,125
893
613
89
118
11
71
194
360
657
628
339
63
70
8
41
117
263
468
365
274
36
48
3
30
77
651
976
807
576
83
117
11
71
179
318
691
482
318
51
70
8
41
IDS
233
385
325
258
32
47
3
30
71
3
4
n
fi
7
East South Central .
s
West South Central
9
in
Pacific
New England:
11
83
46
60
27
23
19
83
46
60
27
23
19
80
44
68
25
22
19
59
32
44
18
15
14
I''
11
14
458
6
47
629
106
417
150
102
207
204
246
207
201
60
47
246
6
31
349
42
284
91
63
130
112
160
119
111
29
29
212
441
6
47
617
102
406
145
99
204
199
246
206
199
60
46
236
6
31
342
42
273
00
61
128
109
150
119
110
29
28
205
377
6
44
526
80
370
139
94
185
161
228
195
192
65
34
201
6
28
302
41
248
86
47
119
91
139
112
106
26
21
176
115
1
12
187
62
212
87
69
110
71
67
51
124
13
10
69
1
8
116
32
136
57
39
72
37
44
31
68
7
8
56
11
1R
16
280
64
133
69
49
77
92
96
83
90
31
18
16
275
60
133
65
48
76
90
96
87
89
31
18
16
224
39
122
53
47
66
70
89
83
86
29
13
4
72
20
76
30
30
38
34
23
20
56
6
2
17
Middle Atlantic:
New York
IS
19
?n
East Noeth Central:
Ohio
?i
?■'
Illinois
?3
Michigan
''4
Wisconsin
■Jl
West North Central:
Minnesota
?fi
?7
Missouri
VS
North Dakota .
V9
m
23
86
10
47
is
39
23
79
10
43
13
36
21
79
10
43
11
36
13
72
7
38
6
34
31
?7
South Atlantic:
8:1
22
17
£
22
17
5
22
17
5
3
2
1
S4
as
19
48
10
26
9
22
19
48
10
26
9
22
19
42
10
24
9
18
17
7
10
S
7
2
ifi
West Virginia
17
IS
19
40
Florida
41
East South Central:
86
49
46
36
40
13
86
32
46
24
40
8
86
31
46
24
40
7
71
28
39
21
32
7
4'>
Tennessee
41
44
4'i
West South Central:
40
47
Oklahoma
48
11
49
8
28
3
21
11
49
8
28
3
21
11
49
8
28
3
21
10
31
7
15
3
16
49
Mountain:
Montana
nn
Idaho
h]
fi''
Colorado
9
6
3
9
6
3
9
6
3
6
4
2
Rl
fi4
S5
Utah
13
7
6
13
7
6
13
7
6
9
5
4
S6
57
Pacific:
Washington
28
16
12
28
16
12
24
14
10
14
9
6
f<8
59
California. -
166
101
65
166
101
65
155
94
61
73
48
25
GENERAL TABLES.
BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND SEX, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
199
TEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 191(>— Continued.
White— Continued.
Negro.
Other colored.
Native— Continued.
Foreign bom.
Nativity unknown.
Foreign or mixed parentage.
Parentage unknown.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Female.
Total.
85
Male.
Female.
Total.
Male.
Fe-
male.
1,243
720
523
502
281
221
210
115
95
156
71
85
53
32
3
1
2
1
230
392
2S8
222
3
124
243
172
114
2
106
149
116
108
1
102
133
115
71
53
18
64
65
61
45
32
10
38
68
54
26
21
8
37
86
43
28
1
22
47
22
15
15
39
21
13
1
35
63
43
9
5
1
20
19
24
6
2
15
44
19
3
3
1
17
27
16
8
10
18
8
5
7
9
8
3
'\
3
1
2
6
5
17
12
5
1
25
82
1
17
47
8
8
35
«
10
4
6
15
9
6
in
8
8
5
4
3
4
13
4
9
3
4
1
3
2
2
2
1
11
1'
IS
ISO
5
29
2i9
12
121
32
11
63
72
llo
132
64
9
15
92
5
IS
151
85
IS
7
38
43
66
71
27
2
S
88
82
60
32
36
21
15
28
14
14
17
10
7
14
15
11
108
5
36
14
4
20
29
49
61
27
7
7
3
80
16
37
20
14
17
18
46
12
14
33
9
2
36
2
27
11
1
9
11
29
10
11
17
5
1
44
14
10
9
13
8
7
17
2
3
16
4
1
63
4
17
2
3
9
13
16
10
2
3
11
1
31
1
15
3
4
6
9
6
1
2
6
34
3
2
2
5
7
7
4
1
1
5
2
26
IS
19
4
2
10
25
2
1
5
2
1
2
9
io
4
1
5
12
2
1
3
1
1
16
17
18
9
i
5
13
12
4
11
5
3
3
5
7
ii'
1
2
2
3
5
4
17
18
19
4
1
1
2
Of)
?1
97
71
?4
1
1
2
i
1
1
Ti
'>fi
77
1
1
W
r)
6
6
2
4
4
2
2
1
1
1
1
2
2
'in
5
4
1
2
2
?i
1?
2
2
17
13
4
XK
14
1
1
1
35
1
16
•\S
19
1
1
5
2
3
'fi
17
1R
19
40
15
3
7
3
8
41
1
1
"
12
5
4?
41
44
4')
lf\
47
1
18
1
13
4K
5
44
V)
51
3
2
1
fiH
K\
f>4
4
2
2
,W
M
7
4
3
3
1
2
4
2
2
B7
M
78
43
32
7
3
4
U
7
4
TO
200
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Table 4.— FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY,
PARENTAGE, SEX, AND AGE AT ENUMERATION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
SES, AND AGE AT EITDUEB ATION .
BOTH SEXES.
All agea
Under 5 yeara
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 yeara
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 years and over
Age unknown
MALE.
All ages
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
65 to 59 years
60 years and over
Age unknown
FEMALE.
All ages
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years
10 to 14 yeara
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 yeara
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 yeara
45 to 49 yeara
50 to 54 yeara
66 to 69 yeara
60 yeara and over
Age unknown
FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910.
Aggregate.
1,443
3,649
4,593
3,674
2,483
1,729
1,099
707
414
256
128
183
11,015
61
906
2,248
2,532
1,862
1,239
797
456
310
157
112
57
9,716
37
537
1,401
2,061
1,712
1,244
932
643
397
257
144
71
94
1S6
White.
Total.
20,441
95
1,423
3,686
4,619
3,521
2,458
1,705
1,089
704
409
254
126
177
10,849
60
890
2,202
2,492
1,838
1,227
784
452
309
155
111
66
84
9,592
35
533
1,384
2,027
1,683
1,231
921
637
396
254
143
70
93
186
Native.
Total.
18,129
1,336
3,339
4,135
3,101
2,145
1,434
938
611
350
217
105
144
9,656
53
835
2,040
2,293
1,623
1,052
653
389
265
134
98
49
66
105
8,473
35
600
1,299
1,842
1,478
1,093
781
549
346
216
119
66
78
Native
parentage.
8,408
37
630
1,661
1,957
1,494
974
650
349
213
136
111
66
4,679
22
381
1,012
1,092
820
620
334
171
107
55
68
34
47
3,729
15
249
639
865
674
454
316
178
106
81
53
31
51
17
Foreign
or mixed
parentage.
5,413
30
467
1,072
1,353
910
376
258
168
72
44
16
11
17
299
6G3
786
499
311
184
121
77
35
22
7
1
2,375
13
168
409
667
411
297
192
137
91
37
22
9
10
12
Parent-
age un-
known.
4,308
21
239
616
826
697
663
408
331
230
115
1,939
14
156
365
415
304
221
135
97
81
44
18
8
18
63
7
83
251
410
393
342
273
234
149
Foreign
bom.
1,247
4
67
139
194
232
199
153
97
62
39
25
11
26
4
33
89
lOO
123
117
70
38
25
600
24
50
94
109
82
83
69
37
23
16
Nativity
un-
known.
1,065
3
30
108
190
188
114
118
54
31
20
12
10
7
546
3
21
73
99
92
58
61
25
19
5
4
2
3
81
619
Colored.
Total.
290
3
20
63
74
63
25
24
10
3
5
2
2
6
Negro.
280
3
•>n
62
71
62
1
3
1
24
21
9
3
1
3
1
S
■)
?
6
Other
colored.
GENERAL TABLES.
201
Table 6.— FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE,
SEX, AND AGE AT ADMISSION, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
SEX, AKD AGE AT ADMISSION,
BOTH SEXES.
All ages
Under 5 years
6 to 9 years
iOto 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 years and over
Age unknown
MALE.
All ages
Under 5 years
5 to 9 years ,
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 years and over
Age unknown
FEMALE
All ages
Under 5 years
5to9years
10 to 14 years
15 to 19 years
20 to 24 years
25 to 29 years
30 to 34 years
35 to 39 years
40 to 44 years
45 to 49 years
50 to 54 years
55 to 59 years
60 years 'and over
Age onknown
FEEBLE-MINDED ADMrTTED TO INST1TDTI0N3 IN 1910.
Aggregate.
3,825
139
798
1,086
815
310
189
124
98
66
37
24
18
62
2,227
86
524
453
149
95
51
49
27
24
17
10
30
WTiite.
Total.
3,737
136
779
1,060
803
306
188
120
95
65
36
22
17
44
66
2,173
84
609
654
449
148
94
49
46
26
23
15
1,564
63
52
274
270
417
406
362
354
161
158
94
94
73
71
49
49
39
39
13
13
7
7
8
8
22
18
26
25
Native.
Total.
3,371
131
719
977
732
269
163
103
40
474
603
413
130
83
45
41
25
17
14
9
25
26
1,384
49
245
374
319
139
Native
parentage.
1,626
44
360
473
336
130
81
47
44
29
15
11
8
25
23
23
235
293
204
73
45
18
24
13
640
21
125
180
132
57
36
29
20
16
4
2
Foreign or
mixed
parentage.
1,243
73
263
375
286
90
57
31
18
18
48
168
242
149
38
28
14
9
7
5
3
523
25
95
133
137
52
29
17
9
11
5
2
Parent-
age un-
known.
502
14
96
129
110
49
25
25
18
11
2
4
2
11
281
11
71
68
60
19
10
13
8
5
1
2
1
7
221
3
25
61
50
30
15
12
10
G
1
2
1
4
Foreign
bom.
210
95
Nativity
un-
known.
Colored.
Total.
Negro.
Other
colored.
202
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Table 6.— FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE AT
ENUMERATION, BY DIVISIONS AND STATES.
feeble-minded enumerated in institutions on JANUARY 1
, 1910.
DIVISION AND STATE.
xn ages.
Under
5 years.
5 to 9
years.
10 to 14
years.
15 to 19
years.
20 to 24
years.
25 to 29
years.
30 to 34
years.
35 to 39
years.
40 to 44
years.
46 to 49
years.
50 years
and
over.
Agenn-
known.
20,731
98
1,443
3,649
4,593
3,574
2,483
1,729
1,099
707
414
567
375
GEOGRAPHIC divisions:
2,012
6,766
5,941
3,906
584
330
19
160
1,013
8
62
12
9
4
2'
i'
190
467
383
243
50
24
5
13
68
426
1,112
1,077
642
112
86
3
53
138
522
1,326
1,374
847
158
71
4
49
242
344
1,125
1,077
686
102
37
2
21
180
186
816
736
551
64
17
2
3
108
113
627
496
350
28
15
69
440
268
227
15
8
44
314
133
160
14
3
1
2
46
22
186
82
83
8
10
43
270
63
89
28
29
45
21
240
29
1
30
Miiirllo AtlMnf.te
West North Central
East South Central
West South Central
Mountain
8
92
4
68
2
21
4
41
1
8
Paciflc
New England:
Maine
62
144
6
44
19
43
15
22
8
2
5
2
1
4
2
2
"Mow TTamp<ih)r^
1
21
Vermont
1,464
43
294
3,421
640
2,705
1,526
1,135
1,265
986
1,029
1,194
1,189
512
145
5
149
313
15
48
503
115
494
299
190
282
171
135
191
194
71
28
379
13
63
608
134
584
364
257
2S5
237
231
220
266
lis
25
258
9
40
512
123
490
241
222
214
178
222
213
210
So
IS
143
5
28
447
75
294
175
191
113
134
123
154
184
73
15
86
4
16
348
fil
228
132
105
113
75
71
122
110
40
11
54
2
12
262
36
142
52
59
66
42
49
74
67
39
12
35
16
18
8
Rhode Island
rnnnpntipnt
2
44
1
17
1
3"
8'
4
2
1
1
20
253
33
181
86
64
100
63
70
76
88
17
13
5
178
20
116
14
29
55
24
11
50
44
30
9
4
108
18
60
10
16
20
28
8
29
20
25
4
23
141
34
95
13
2
13
22
13
60
2
10
9
33
17
Middle Atl.intic:
New York
New Jersey
PRnn<jylvftTii<i
4
139
East North Centeal:
Ohio
Indiana
Illinois ...
1
12
83
I
Mirhijjan
West North Central:
2
3
Missouri
North Dakota
South Dakota
Nebraska
446
420
1
24
25
79
79
112
106
72
88
56
69
44
23
20
15
9
8
3
2
8
3
21
2
South Atlantic:
Delaware
Maryland
310
33
74
102
52
30
10
1
2
6
District of Colnmbia
Virginia
60
214
4'
6
11
17
21
16
40
11
39
8
26
1
17
1
11
Wft^it Virginia
14
8
22
I
North Carolina, , ,
South Carolina :
Georgia
Florida
East South Central:
Kentucky
283
47
23
1
85
1
69
2
35
2
16
1
11
4
7
1
3
4
6
3
26
27
Tennessee
3
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
Arkansas
Louisiana
Oklahoma
Te.xas
19
51
2
5
6
3
19
4
23
2
3
2
1
.Mountain:
Montana
Idaho
Wyoming
Colorado
64
7
28
23
5
1
1
1
New Mexico
Arizona
Utah
45
8
3
13
2
7
4
2
2
4
Nevada
Pacific:
Washington
159
28
55
53
20
3
Oregon
California
854
1
40
83
189
160
105
92
68
46
21
41
g
GENERAL TABLES.
203
Table 7 -FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY AGE AT ADMISSION, BY
DIVISIONS AND STATES.
FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTrnjTIONS IN 1910.
DIVISION AND STATE.
AM ages.
Under
5 years.
5 to 9
years.
10 to 14
years.
15 to 19
years.
20 to 24
years.
25 to 29
years.
30 to 34
years.
35 to 39
years.
40 to 44
years.
45 to 49
years.
50 years
andover.
Age un-
known.
United States
3,825
139
798
1,086
815
310
189
124
98
66
37
94
69
Geographic divisions:
640
1,162
909
624
89
135
11
71
194
25
73
20
12
3
i"
5
116
270
211
135
20
12
1
9
24
192
309
279
171
20
28
6
29
62
164
233
182
123
12
20
2
23
56
54
77
70
61
7
11
1
8
21
20
64
49
40
6
10
4^
31
24
3
9
14
30
19
18
5
6
6
16
11
20
5
3
3
12
7
8
1
2
14
18
13
11
3
29
25
IS
East North Central
17
1
S
s
1
5
1
4
Pacifixj
11
5
4
6
1
New England:
Maine
83
46
3'
1
10
14
19
27
10
11
1
5
1
1
6
1
3
2
13
1
458
6
47
629
106
417
150
103
207
204
246
207
201
60
47
20
95
137
6
17
150
25
134
62
49
74
38
66
55
60
17
14
117
39
14
6
1
2
1
21
2
55
1
17
1
8'
ii'
4
4
i'
10
156
21
93
52
31
69
30
39
40
67
6
1
10
113
23
97
22
13
41
34
72
45
37
13
9
3
41
16
20
8
3
7
25
27
27
11
7
6
1
13
1
10
3
Middle Atlantic:
New York
32
8
14
7
1
2
24
15
12
13
3
7
26
6
13
2
3
2
17
7
8
4
4
3
19
1
10
7
1
4
7
4
3
2
1
8
2
4
East Nobth Central:
2
1
3
10
5
1
7
3
2
2
4
1
4
1
2
iJ
8
I
5
7
3
1
5
2
West North Central:
6
2
2
1
23
86
1
2
7
14
5
30
7
12
2
8
1
4
6
6
4
1
1
fiouTH Atlantic:
22
1
8
9
2
1
1
19
48
2
4
8
5
6
2
8
1
3
5
"West ViT'Cinifl
6
3
6
5
1
3
Florida
East South Central:
86
49
U
1
28
19
1
7
4
7
3
6
4
5
1
1
2
1
28
2
2
3
Mississinni
West South Central:
Texas..
Mountain:
Moniana
11
49
1
1
7
6
24
2
15
1
3
9
1
4
2
2
Utah
»
1
1
6
3
1
1
Pacific:
28
4
11
11
2
California
166
s
20
41
43
19
11
6
5
4
4
6
1
204
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Table 8.— FEEBLE-MINDED BEPORTED AS PHYSICALLY DEFECTIVE, ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON
JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, SEX, AND DEFECT, BY DIVISIONS.
feeble-minded physically defective enumerated in institutions on JANUARY
1, 1910.
Total.
Male.
Female.
White.
Colored.
DIVISION AND DEFECT.
Total.
Native. |
Foreign
bom.
Nativ-
ity un-
Imown.
Total.
Negro.
Total.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mixed
parent-
age.
Parent-
age un-
known.
Other
colored.
UNITED STATES.
All classes
1
5,246
2,751
2,495
5,181
4,698
2,232
1,450
1,016
305
178
65
62
S
Blind
119
294
969
606
2,444
814
73
181
517
295
1,236
449
46
113
452
311
1,208
365
119
284
945
601
2,424
SOS
107 1
248 1
823
557
2,219
744
50
112
450
252
988
380
37
84
215
195
692
227
20
52
158
110
539
137
7
27
58
23
145
40
5
9
64
16
60
24
Deaf
10
24
5
20
6
9
23
5
20
5
I
1
Two or more defects
1
New England.
All classes
348
215
133
342
316
114
128
74
15
11
6
6
Blind
16
36
51
92
111
42
1,130
12
24
35
54
63
27
613
4
12
16
38
48
15
517
16
34
49
92
109
42
1,110
12
30
48
82
104
40
1,030
3
11
15
33
38
14
590
7
14
12
42
36
17
279
2
5
21
7
30
9
161
2
1
2
3
1
4
Deaf
2
2
2
2
6
5
1
57
.
2
2
1
23
Middle Atlantic.
All classes
20
19
1
Blind
22
57
289
128
524
110
1,758
10
27
167
75
265
69
849
12
30
122
53
259
41
909
22
55
281
128
514
110
1,737
20
46
253
118
487
106
1,483
11
20
.41
74
282
62
690
6
10
64
25
144
30
385
3
16
48
19
61
14
408
2
6
19
6
20
4
118
Deaf
3
9
4
7
2
8
2
7
1
10
10
East Nokth Central.
All classes
136
21
21
36
76
3S9
204
759
294
1,295
24
41
201
78
364
141
662
12
35
188
126
395
163
633
36
76
381
200
753
291
1,284
28
62
177
139
689
189
229
31
64
302
181
649
256
1,193
17
22
169
68
285
129
484
8
22
64
58
184
49
489
6
20
69
55
180
78
220
2
9
27
11
53
16
89
3
3
52
8
51
19
2
Deaf
8
4
6
3
11
8
4
6
3
10
West North Central.
All classes
1
Blind
28
66
180
139
691
191
229
16
44
S3
64
339
116
125
12
22
97
75
3.52
75
104
27
52
167
135
635
177
223
11
31
94
53
211
84
131
11
16
66
66
245
85
9
5
5
7
16
179
8
83
1
10
9
4
53
12
3
Deaf
4
3
4
3
1
1
2
2
2
1
1
South Atlantic.
AU classes
3
5
4
25
14
128
53
68
2
14
7
69
28
43
6
4
25
14
128
53
65
6
4
25
14
124
51
64
4
1
16
6
75
29
22
1
3
9
8
42
20
42
Deaf
2
11
7
59
25
25
7
2
3
1
2
East South Central.
All classes
1
3
3
Blind
3
1
2
3
3
1
2
Deaf
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
7
12
44
2
9
4
4
34
3
8
10
2
2
4
12
44
2
9
4
11
44
2
9
2
7
12
2
4
32
2
3
3
■ 1
Epileptic
West South Central.
All classes
7
7
2
2
2
2
2
2
Deaf
3
2
1
3
3
2
1
Paralytic
3
1
27
2
1
19
1
3
1
27
3
1
25
2
1
11
1
Mountain.
All classes
8
S
9
2
Blind
Deaf
1
2
1
1
2
I
1
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
2
1
1
Epileptic
23
1
382
ie
1
218
7
23
1
378
22
1
355
10
4
1
153
8
1
Two or more defects
Pacific.
All classes
164
183
19
20
3
4
3
1
Blind
7
54
23
17
161
120
3
43
9
13
84
66
4
11
14
4
77
54
7
52
23
16
161
119
7
51
20
16
151
no
1
27
10
11
73
61
5
22
8
4
71
43
1
2
2
1
7
6
Deaf
1
2
2
1
1
1
1
1
10
7
Two or more defects
2
1
1
GENERAL TABLES.
206
Table 9.— FEEBLE-MINDED REPORTED AS PHYSICALLY DEFECTIVE, ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 1910,
CLASSIFIED BY RACE, NATIVITY. PARENTAGE, SEX, AND DEFECT, BY DIVISIONS.
FEEBLE-MINDED
PHYSICALLY DEFECTIVE ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 1910.
Total.
Male.
Female.
White.
Colored.
Total.
Native.
Foreign
bom.
Nativ-
ity un-
known.
Total.
Negro.
Total.
Native
parent-
age.
Foreign
or mixed
parent-
age.
Parents
age un-
known.
Other
colored.
CTNITED BTATES.
All classes
910
562
348
890
836
416
350
70
40
14
20
20
Blind
23
67
133
133
393
141
13
46
103
82
240
78
10
21
50
51
153
63
20
66
147
128
391
138
18
59
141
121
364
133
9
25
67
64
186
65
8
29
62
44
144
63
I
5
12
13
34
5
2
4
2
5
24
3
3
1
6
5
2
3
3
1
6
5
2
3
Deaf
3
4
2
3
2
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
Two or more defects
New England.
All classes
104
67
37
103
96
44
47
5
4
3
1
1
Blind
3
8
16
24
41
12
177
3
2
7
U
11
3
69
3
8
16
23
41
12
174
3
6
15
21
40
11
162
2
3
10
10
17
5
77
1
1
Deaf
6
9
13
30
9
108
2
5
10
21
6
75
1
1
1
1
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
1
2
1
1
1
8
1
1
Middle Atlantic.
All classes
10
4
3
3
Blind
8
25
45
23
67
19
227
7
14
32
18
27
10
151
1
11
13
5
30
9
•
76
8
25
43
22
57
19
226
7
22
40
21
53
19
210
4
5
19
11
28
8
105
3
16
16
8
24
10
80
1
1
1
1
4
Deaf
1
5
2
1
1
25
2
2
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
2
1
2
1
East North Centbal.
14
2
1
1
Blind
4
11
34
33
110
35
243
3
7
27
22
73
19
138
1
4
7
11
37
16
105
4
11
34
33
109
35
23S
3
9
33
32
99
34
225
2
3
15
14
48
23
111
1
5
15
15
34
10
99
1
2
1
1
9
1
3
3
17
1
15
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
Paralvtic
Epileptic
1
1
3
1
1
All classes
10
5
5
Blind
5
8
30
35
115
50
24
1
6
15
21
67
28
13
4
2
15
14
48
22
11
5
8
29
35
114
47
24
5
8
28
33
107
44
22
3
5
7
21
55
20
12
2
1
18
10
44
24
Deaf
2
3
2
8
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
Paralytic
1
1
1
2
6
2
1
Epileptic
1
1
1
1
3
1
3
South Atlantic.
10
Blind
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
3
3
14
4
41
2
1
8
2
26
1
2
6
2
15
3
3
14
4
31
3
3
12
4
30
2
2
6
2
26
1
1
6
2
4
1
1
Two or more defects
Allolai.es
1
10
10
Blind
3
4
12
14
7
1
1
2
4
9
6
5
1
3
1
3
3
3
1
3
3
Deaf
3
9
11
7
1
1
3
9
10
7
1
1
3
9
6
7
1
1
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
Paralytic
3
8
2
1
1
4
1
Epileptic
Two or more defects
West South Central.
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
1
28
1
8
1
28
1
28
1
20
Mountain.
All classes
20
8
Blind
Deaf
3
13
1
8
3
65
3
9
1
6
1
39
3
13
1
8
3
65
3
13
1
8
3
62
3
10
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
4
3
1
2
2
39
Epileotic
2
2
26
6
1
22
PAonc.
1
3
S
6
2
8
8
4
4
Crippled, maimed, or deformed
41
16
24
9
17
7
41
16
38
IS
15
3
23
12
3
Two or more defects
1
206 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
T.„. .0.--^BLE.M,»DED ENUMERATED ™ ™ST,™T,0NS « J,-p-y. .»is'i!>5.f '"^^ " ^^''^ ^''''
DIVISION, KACE, NATIVITY, AND PABENTAGE.
FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITnTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910.
Male.
UNITED STATES.
Aggregate
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage.
Parentage unknown
Foreign bom
Nativity unknown
Colored
Negro
Other colored..
New England.
Aggregate.
^Vlllte
Native
Nitive parentage
Foreitrn or mixed parentage.
Parentage unknown
Foreign bom
Nativity unknown
Colored— Negro..
Middle Atlantic.
Aggregate.
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage.
Parentage unknown
Foreign bom
Nativity unknown
Colored
Negro
Other colored..
East Noeth Central.
Aggregate
White
Native
Nitive parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage.
Parentage unknown
Foreign bom
Nativity unknown
Colored— Negro.,
West North Central.
Aggregate
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mLted parentage .
Parentage unknown
Foreign bom
Nativity unknown
Colored
Negro
Other colored..
South Atlantic.
.\ggregate.
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage.
Parentage imknown
Foreign bora
Nativity unlmown
East South Central.
Aggregate
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage..
Parentage unknown
Foreign born
Nativity unlmown
Colored— Negro
Total.
11,015
10,849
9,656
4,679
3,038
1,939
647
546
166
162
4
1,202
1,185
1,087
429
459
199
72
26
17
3,579
Single.
Mar-
ried.
10,965
10,803
9,624
4,653
3,037
1,934
638
541
162
158
4
1,202
3,521
3,180
1,675
1,047
458
227
114
58
56
2
3,032
2,981
2,402
1,178
584
640
203
376
51
2,031
1,999
1,869
784
704
381
110
20
32
31
1
296
293
193
8
92
2
1
192
188
186
66
1,185
1,087
429
459
199
72
26
17
3,567
3,509
3,172
1,672
1,046
454
226
112
53
56
2
3,029
2,978
2,401
1,177
584
640
203
374
51
2,023
1,991
1,865
781
704
380
106
20
32
31
1
120
2
285
185
178
178
177
57
120
1
Wid-
owed.
27
Di-
vorced.
Un-
known.
Female.
Total.
9,716
9,592
8,473
3,729
2,375
2,369
600
519
124
118
6
Single.
794
708
310
274
124
67
19
3,187
3,142
2,774
1,253
811
710
232
136
45
41
4
2,909
2,865
2,395
1,024
482
889
156
314
1,875
1,860
1,716
699
623
394
112
32
IS
14
1
288
288
278
154
11
113
3
136
136
52
1
83
Mar-
ried.
9,558
9,436
8,349
3,677
2,346
2,326
583
504
122
116
792
708
310
274
124
65
19
3,159
3,114
2,750
1,242
807
701
229
135
45
41
4
2,854
2,810
2,355
1,018
472
865
150
305
44
1,845
1,831
1,692
693
613
386
108
31
14
13
1
272
272
264
142
10
112
3
5
125
124
124
40
1
Wid-
owed.
Di- Un-
voiced, known.
20
36
13
3
I
10
2
1
2
1
1
1
1
GENERAL TABLES.
207
Table 10.— FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON JANUARY 1, 1910, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, RACE.
NATIVITY, PARENTAGE, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS— Continued.
FEEBLE-MINDED ENUMEEATED IN INSTITUTION ON JANUARY 1, 1910.
DIVISIQN, EACE, NATIVITY, ANfl PABENTAOE.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Single.
Mar-
ried.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
known.
Total.
Single.
Mar-
ried.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
Known.
West South Central.
9
9
10
9
1
Wliite
9
9
9
9
9
9
10
10
7
2
1
46
9
9
6
2
1
40
1
1
1
Native parentage
I'firpntf>f;i» linkTlftWTl
Mountain.
114
112
■>
White
114
109
69
24
16
5
112
lOS
6S
24
16
4
2
1
1
46
43
23
9
11
1
2
453
46
43
23
9
11
1
2
440
Native
Fnrf^ign or tnixPrd pvirpntpgfl
Foreign bom
1
Pacific.
Aggregate
560
559
1
4
7
2
White
556
521
276
212
33
26
9
4
3
1
555
520
276
212
33
26
9
4
3
1
1
1
1
451
413
207
162
44
29
9
2
1
1
438
404
203
138
43
27
7
2
1
1
4 1 7
■>
2
1
1
6
3
2
1
1
Native parentage
PftrfiTitftgti nnknnivTi ,
1
1
Nativity linlrT^nwn , . , ,
I
Colored
Other colored
208 FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Table 11 -FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, RACE, NATIVITY.
lABLE 11. ri!,j^oi.r- mx PARENTAGE, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVISIONS.
feeble-minded admitted to institutions in 1910.
DIVISION, RACE, NATmXT, AND PABENTAOE.
Male.
Female.
Total.
Single.
Mar-
ried.
Wid-
owed.
Di- Un-
vorced. known.
Total.
Single.
Mar-
ried.
Wid-
owed.
Di- Un-
Forced. known.
UNITED STATES.
2,227
2,169
28
12
2
26
1,598
1,511
27
16
1
43
2,173
1,987
986
720
281
115
71
54
2,116
1,941
965
705
271
111
64 .
43
42
1
24
21
12
6 .
3
6
6
4
i' '.
2
2
2
25
17
3
9
6
1
7
1
1
1,564
1,384
640
523
221
95
85
34
32
2
1,481
1,333
620
507
206
75
73
30
28
2
27
20
12
3
5
6
1
13
9
5
2 .
2 .
1
1
1
42
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage
11
8
11
Foreign born
Nativity unknown
3 .
4
4
6
6
1
3
3
10
1
1
Negro
63
1
New England.
370
370
270
267
1
2
360
318
130
124
64
22
20
10
675
360
318
130
124
64
22
20
10
651
263
233
89
106
38
15
15
7
477
260
232
89
105
38
13
15
7
436
1
2
White
Native
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage
1
i
Foreign bom
i
Colored— Negro
6
19
4
1
36
White
Native
Native parentage
657
591
283
243
65
47
19
18
536
634
672
279
233
60
46
16
17
626
4
4
2
19
15
2
9
4
1
3
468
385
168
149
68
39
44
9
373
428
363
162
141
60
30
35
8
361
4
4
3
1
1
1
35
17
2
S
Foreign or mixed parentage
Parentage imioiown
Foreign bom
1
1
7
9
9
1
7
1
East Noeth Centeal.
A ggregate
3
7
2
1
2
White
Native parentage
52S
482
249
172
61
22
24
8
345
618
477
248
169
60
20
21
8
338
7
S
1
3
3
365
325
155
116
54
21
19
8
279
353
317
151
114
52
19
17
8
268
7
4
3
1
2
2
i'
1
1
1
2
1
Parentage uaknown
Foreign bom
Nativity unknown
1
2
3'
2"
1
i
West Nobth Central.
Aggregate
6
1
7
2
2
339
318
159
114
45
15
6
6
5
1
53
332
311
154
112
45
15
6
6
5
1
50
6
6
4
2
1
1
1
274
258
124
108
26
13
3
5
3
2
36
263
251
123
104
24
9
3
5
3
2
33
7
6
1
2
2
1
i
2
1
i
Parentage unknown
Foreign bom
Nativity unknown
2
i
1
Negro
Other colored
South Atlantic.
1
2
3
White
63
51
50
19
17
2
30
1
1
2
1
36
32
10
1
21
1
3
53
33
29
9
1
19
1
3
42
3
3
1
Native parentage
Foreign or mixed parentage
Parentage unknown
17
2
32
i
i
2
Nativity unknown
East South Central.
2
82
1
01
7
12
1
i
1
3
8
Aggregate
70
69
59
51
8
2
4
4
4
6
6
4
; 2
e
1
1
1
48
47
40
40
32
8
2
3
3
3
5
4
4
; i
3
Parentage unknown
Foreign bom
Nativity unknown
Colored— Negro
; 60
io
12
39
; 8
: i
6
3
1
GENERAL TABLES.
209
Table H.— FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTITUTIONS IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, RACE NA.TIVITY
PARENTAGE, AND MARITAL CONDITION, BY DIVLSIONS— Continued.
FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO DJSTITnTIONS IN 1910.
DIVISIOK, RACE, NATIVITT, AND PARENTAGE.
Uale.
Female.
Total.
Single.
Mar-
ried.
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
Imown.
Total.
1 Single.
Mar-
ried,
Wid-
owed.
Di-
vorced.
Un-
known.
West South Cektral.
Aggregate
8
8
3
3
WWte
8
8
7
1
41
8
8
7
1
39
3
3
3
3
3
3
Native
Native parentage
1
Foreign or mixed parentage
MOUNTADf.
Aggregate
1
1
30 ;; 30
White
41
41
24
17
117
39
39
22
17
116
I
1
1
30
30
22
8
77
30
30
22
8
71
Native
1
1
Native parentage
Foreigner mixed parentage
Pacific.
Aggregate
■,
2
3
1
White
117
108
57
47
4
9
116
108
57
47
4
8
1
1
77
71
30
3S
6
6
71
68
29
34
5
3
2
1
1
3
1
1
1
Native
'
Native parentage
*
Foreign or mixed parentage
)
I
Parentage unli;nowii
1
i'
2
Foreign bom
1
1
1
27622°— 14 14
210
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS.
Table 12.— FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS WHO WERE DISCHARGED OR TRANSFERRED, OR WHO DIED IN
1910, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, BY DIVISIONS.
FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS WHO WERE DISCHARGED OR TRANSFERRED, OR WHO DIED IN 1910.
Discharged.
Transferred.
Died.
DIVISION.
In custody of—
Condition.
Relatives or
friends.
SeU.
Unknown.
Improved.
Unimproved.
Unknown.
'°
1
.2
1
50
1
17
14
7
1
2
1
2
5
5
....
1
1
E-
90
11
75
c3
a
54
1
10
42
1
36
o
4
1
a5
S
1
•3
a
&
93
5
16
32
24
2
4
1
4
5
1
Eh
1
68
9
9
45
1
1
2
....
.2
1
49
6
1
37
2
....
1
1
1
1
JO
a
.2
United States
864
550
314
55
1
18
15
7
1
4
2
2
5
612
399
24
173
63
73
7
8
3
20
28
213
280
187
12
50
68
37
4
2
2
8
4
117
15
10
82
3
1
3
1
2
304
135
169
895
484
^u
New England
62
306
195
168
15
16
8
47
47
43
205
120
104
11
9
4
27
27
19
101
75
64
4
7
4
20
20
....
33
2
32
259
103
113
9
12
6
35
43
8
86
40
40
2
4
3
15
15
17
66
100
61
6
6
3
12
9
92
153
12
12
2
4
3
18
8
20
84
6
7
1
3
1
10
3
72
69
6
5
1
1
2
8
5
58
256
279
199
27
34
31
139
136
115
14
23
V
Middle Atlantic
117
111
West North Central
84
South Atlantic
n
East South Central
2
1
1
11
2
40
2
24
in
Table 1.3.--FEEBLE-MINDED IN INSTITUTIONS WHO DIED IN 1910, CLASSIFIED BY SEX, AGE, AND CAUSE OF
DEATH, FOR THE UNITED STATES AS A WHOLE.
FEEBLE-jnNDED
IN INSTITUTIONS WHO DIED IN 1910.
CAUSE OF DEATH.
.MI ages.
Under
5
years.
5to9
years.
10 to 14
years.
15 to 19
years.
20 to 24
years.
25 to
29
years.
30 to
34
years.
35 to
39
years.
40 to
44
years.
45 to
49
years.
50
years
and
over.
Age
Total.
Male.
Female.
known.
895
484
411
34
101
123
147
139
84
75
43
34
23
71
21
10
4
4
210
29
7
13
9
9
153
33
41
2
106
42
17
12
1
12
170
11
6
1
2
97
14
1
9
7
5
96
17
20
1
63
24
7
3
io"
97
4
4
3
2
113
15
6
4
2
4
57
16
21
1
43
18
10
9
1
2
73
7
1
1
1
5
i'
42
5
1
1
""38"
2
2
1
2
27
4
1
1
7
1
3
1
13
1
29
7
31
6
6
1
3
9
5
i
Cancer and other malignant tumors
3
5
6
1
1
1
5
1
1
General paralysis of the insane
1
2
10
2
4
1
1
4
2
9
7
7
31
4
3
3
28
5
2
1
33
5
5
1
16
3
3
Epilepsy
8
6
2
4
2
6
1
6
3
4
8
5
All otfier diseases of the nervous system
1
1
7
1
2
4
1
1
3
Diseases of the arteries (arteriosclerosis, etc.)
Pneumonia (all forms)
U
4
IS
4
17
5
21
8
2
10
3
2
3
i'
4
2
4
7
2
2
3
2
1
2
2
1
Senility
1
3
5
1
■"■'io'
3
36
1
26'
2
35
1
2
22
2
1
7
1
9
4
7
1
10
2
1
1
GENERAL TABLES.
211
Table 14.— Feeble-Minded Enumerated in Institutions on
January 1, 1910, Classified by Source of Support, by
Divisions and States.
FEEBLE-MrNDED ENTJMERATED IN INSTITUTIONS ON
JANUABY 1, 1910.
pmsION AND STATE.
Iggregate.
At public
expense.
U public
and
private
expense.
At
private
expense.
Un-
niown.
United States
20,731
17,228
1,782
1,680
41
Geographic omsioNs:
2,012
6,766
5,941
3,906
584
330
19
160
1,013
1,808
6,001
4,863
2,801
627
250
76
197
443
917
5
119
501
624
124
52
77
19
12
92
9
7
11
4
\fi(l(ilp Atlantic
East North Central
West North Central
East South Central
West South Central
3
113
805
32
112
3
4
Pacific
New England:
62
144
61
137
1
3
3
1
1,464
48
294
3,421
640
2,705
1,526
1,135
1,205
986
1,029
1,194
1,189
612
145
1,341
29
240
3,369
403
2,229
1,140
1,084
793
935
911
733
1,185
372
100
16
17
40
31
94
72
385
37
100
2
10
18
143
400
1
4
3
Middle Atlantic:
4
East Noeth Central:
1
13
403
51
97
1
9
21
461
West North Central:
2
112
2
28
36
416
420
226
236
219
173
1
10
1
South Atlantic:
310
290
5
15
Virginia
West Virginia
North Carolina
CO
214
24
213
36
1
East South Central:
283
47
200
44
77
3
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
19
51
64
19
Mountaik:
22
49
29
Idaho
W yoming
Colorado
New Mexico
i2
3
45
42
3
PAcmc:
159
68
101
854
747
11
92
4
Table 15.— Feeble-Minded Admitted to Institutions in
1910, Classified by Source of Support, by Divisions and
States.
FEEBLE-MINDED ADMITTED TO INSTTTtrnONS
IN 1910.
DIVISION AND STATE.
Aggregate.
1
At public
expense.
it public
and
private
expense.
At
private
expense.
Un-
aiown.
United States
3,825
2,994
390
399
42
Geogeaphic divisions:
640 ■
1,152 1
909
624
89
135
11
71 1
194 t
528
1,025
663
452
70
105
84
33
78
131
1
14
88
163
32
16
25
10
4
47
14
6
East North Central
West North Central
5
9
2
East South Central
West South Central
5
1
33
29
34
117
Pacific
1
New England:
83
46 I
82
40
1
6
458 1
6
47 !
629
106
417 1
150
102
207 1
204 '
246
207
201
CO
47
366
5
35
014
38
373
91
92
110
189
181
108
194
34
37
65
1
12
4
10
19
58
6
9
1
4
98
13
14
Middle Atlantic:
8
58
22
!
4
86
11
61
3
3
East North Central:
Ohio
Illmcis
2
3
West North Central:
1
7
4
8
21
2
1
ii 1
86 '
1
9
70
14
7
9
South Atlantic:
22
20
2
Virginia....
19
48
5
45
i4
1
2
East South Central:
88
49
61
44
25
5
Alabama
Mississippi
West South Central:
11
49
1
33
10
Mountain:
Montana
16
Colorado
9
6
3
Utah
13
12
1
Pacific:
Washington
28
2
26
166
! 115 1 3
47
1
INDEX.
Acquittal on account of insanity, pro\i8ions
concerniu|;, 93, 94.
Administrative agencies liaving oversight of
insane, general, 65.
Admissions of feeble-minded to institutions
during 1910, 184; by divisions, 185, 186;
persons admitted to public and private
institutions in each state, 185, 193; ratio
to total population, 186-188; classification
according to age, 187, 201, 203; according
to race and nativity, 188, 189, 193, 198,
201, 208 ; native wliite admitted , by parent-
age, 188, 189, 198, 201, 208; classification
according to sex, 189, 193 , 198, 201, 208; sex
ratio for each population class, 189; native
and foreign-bom white admitted, by age,
189; physically defective persons among,
190, 205; classification according to marital
condition, 208; according to source of sup-
port, 211.
Admissions of insane to hospitals during
1910, 16; by divisions, 16, 19, 24, 43, 44;
by states, 16, 19, 109; comparison with
1904, 19; classification according to age
at enumeration, 22-24, 63, 131, 135, 14l;
according to age when first admitted to
insane hospital, 22, 133, 137; factors
affecting statistics, 24; statistics as an
index of insanity, 24; classification ac-
, cording to race and nati\-ity, 25, 37, 109,
126; native and foreign-bom white ad-
mitted, by age, 26, 28; foreign-bom white,
by country of birth, 31, 32, 129; foreign-
bom white, by time in United States, 32,
33; white and negro, 34, 35; native white,
by parentage, 37, 39, 126; sex distribution,
40-44, 109; classification according to liter-
acy, 45, 148; percentage of illiteracy
among, 46, 47; classification according to
marital condition, 47, 144; according to
prior residence, 49, 51-53, 138, 140, 141;
average age of persons admitted, 60; classi-
fication according to duration of present
attack, 60, 160, IGl ; according to number of
previous admissions, 61, 156; persons ad-
mitted to public and private hospitals
in each state, 109, 123; males admitted,
by prior occupation, 150; females, by prior
occupation, 153.
ratio to total population: for states, 16,
19; comparison with 1904, 19; for age
groups, 23, 24; for race and nativity
groups, 25-30, 34-37, 39, 40, 51; for per-
sons bom in specified countries, 31, 32;
for immigrants distributed by time in
United States, 33; for males and females,
41-14; for urban and rural communities,
49-53.
Adult population, proportion in insane hos-
pitals, 27; deaths in, with per cent dis-
tribution by cause, 63.
Age, per cent distribution of population by,
22; native and foreign-born white popu-
lation by, 26, 27; influence of age distribu-
tion of foreign-bom white upon ratio of
admissions to insane hospitals, 27, 31, 36,
38; effect upon ratios of admissions for
classes of white population, 38.
insane in hospitals classified according
to: total number, 22, 23, 63; ratio of in-
naates to total population, for age groups,
23; ratio of admissions to total population,
forage groups, 23, 24; number, by divi-
sions, 24, 131; ratio to total insane in each
age group in 1890, 25; native and foreign-
bom white insane admitted to hospitals in
1910, 26, 37 ; ratio of admissions, for native
and foreign-born white of each age group,
26, 29, 36, 37, 40; hypothetical number of
admissions of foreign-born white upon
basis of age distribution of native white,
27; white and negro insane admitted to hos-
pitals in 1910, 35; ratio of admissions, for
negroes of each age group, 36, 37; number,
by race, nativity, and parentage, 37, 134,
135; ratio of admissions, for males and
females of each age group, 41, 42; num-
ber, by sex, 42, 134, 135, 141; effect of
age distribution upon percentage of illit-
eracy, 45; insane having general paralysis
or alcoholic psychosis, 55-58, 174, 177,
179; average age at admission, 60; aver-
age age of insane inmates, 60; deatlis
among, 63, 164, 166; number of insane,
by states, 130, 131; by prior residence,
141; discharges among, 172.
Age, feeble-minded in institutions classified
according to : number, with ratio of inmates
and admissions to total population, for age
groups, 187; native and foreign-bom white,
189; total number, by sex, 189, 200, 201; by
race, nativity, and parentage, 200, 201;
by divisions and states, 202, 203; deaths
among, 210.
Age at first admission to any insane hos-
pital, insane classified by, 22, 132, 133,
136, 137.
Agencies having oversight of insane, general,
64, 65; local, 68; institutional, 68-71.
Alabama, comparison of white and negro
insane in hospitals, 34; data concerning
"Alabama Insane Hospitals," 65; provi-
sion concerning removal of discharged
Eatients from hospitals, 85. See also
tates.
AlcohoUc psychosis, insane admitted to hos-
pitals in 1910 having: number, 53; ratio to
total insane admitted, 53-56, 58; ratio to
total population, 53-58; number, by di-
visions, 54, 176; by prior residence, 54,
178; by age, 55, 57", 177; by sex, 56, 57,
177, 178; by race, nativity, and parentage,
58, 176, 177; by states, 1^6; number hav-
ing also general paralysis, 179.
Almshouses, insane in, 15, 16, 18; authorities
controlling, 68; states ha\'ing pro\'isions for
care of insane in, 72, 73; insane depart-
ments of, 72, 73; feeble-minded in, 183,
185, 187.
Appeals, from orders of commitment, 82;
for discharge of patients claimed to be
sane, 84; for" discharge of unrecovered
patients, 85.
Arizona, data concerning Board of Control,
65; provision for appeal from order of com-
mitment, 82. See also States.
Arkansas, comparison of white and negro
insane in hospital, 34; data concerning
Board of Trustees, 65; pro\isions concern-
ing discharge of patients from hospital, 84,
85. See also States.
Arteries, diseases of, deaths from, in adult
population, 63; among insane in hospitals,
63, 169; among feeble-minded in institu-
tions, 190, 210.
.Austria-Hungary, natives of, in total popu-
lation, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals,
31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane
among natives of, 31, 32.
Authorities committing insane to state hos-
pitals, 76, 79, 81.
Birthplace. .See Country of birth.
Blind, among feeble-minded in institutions,
190, 204, 205.
Boarding out, of insane, by hospital authori-
ties, 74.
Boards of control, general character of duties,
64.
Bright's disease. See Nephritis.
CaUfomia, data concerning state agencies
having oversight of insane, 65; detention
places for alleged insane, 72; psycho-
pathic probation officers, 77; provision
concerning hearing of paroled patient, 85;
provision concerning removal of dis-
charged patients from hospitals, 85. See
also States.
Canada, natives of, in total population, 31,
32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128,
129; proportion of insane among English
and French Canadians, 31, 32.
Cancer and other malignant tumora, deaths
from, in adult population, 63; among in-
sane in hospitals, 63, 168; among feeble-
minded in institutions, 190, 210.
Capital punishment, states forbidding, 103;
provisions concerning insanity in case of
persons awaiting, 103.
Care of insane, provisions for, 72-74.
Causes of deatlis, of adults in general popula-
tion, 63; of insane in hospitals, 63, 168;
of feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210.
Census of insane, scope, 11; comparison
with earlier censuses, 11.
Cerebral hemorrhage and softening, deaths
from, in adult population, 63; among in-
sane in hospitals, 63, 168; among feeble-
minded in institutions, 190, 210.
Charities, state boards of, having oversight
of insane, 64, 65.
Children, per cent in total population, by
divisions, 18.
Chronic insane, hospitals for, 72, 73.
Cities, large, increase in number and in rela-
tive population, 14. See also Urban com-
munities.
Classes committed to insane hospitals, varia-
tion in practice, 15; provisions concern-
ing, 74, 75.
Color, insane in hosjiitals classified accord-
ing to, 34, 35, 37; by age, 35; by sex, for
each specified institution, 108, 109; per-
sons discharged from insane hospitals in
1910 classified by, 162, 170; insane who
died in hospitals classified by, 162, 164,
166; insane transferred classified by, 162,
163. See also Race.
Colorado, data concerning State Board of
Charities and Corrections, 66; county
boards of visitors for charitable institu-
tions, 68; supervision of private insane
hospitals, 73; provision concerning dis-
charge of patients from hospitals, 84. See
also States.
Colored feeble-minded, number reported
as physically defective, 204, 205. See alio
Color and Race.
Colored insane, males, by prior occupation,
1.50; females, by prior occupation, 153;
number having geuenvl paralysis or alco-
holic p.sychosis, 173, 174, 176, 177. See
also Color and Race.
Commissioners of insanity, county, 68.
Commitment, legal procedure in, 75; pro-
visions for appeal from, 82 ; provisions con-
cerning cost of, 82, 83.
213
214
INDEX.
Compenscitiou, of members of state boards
having oversight of insane, 64, 65.
Condition at discharge, persons discharged
from insane ho3j)itals classified by, 170,
172; persons discharged from feeble-
minded institutions classified by, 190, 210.
Connecticut, data concerning State Board of
Charities, 65, 60; provisions concerning
suspension of commitment, 82; appeal
from order of commitment, 82; provision
concerning discharge of patient from hos-
pital, 84. See also States.
Convicted persons, procedure in case of in-
sanity of, 88.
Cost of commitment of insane, provisions
concerning. 82, 83.
Cost of maintenance of patients in insane
hospitals, provisions concerning, 86.
Country. See Rural communities.
Country of birth, foreign-bom white popula-
tion by, 31, 32; foreign-born white insane
in hospitals by, 31, 32, 128, 129; ratio of
insane in hospitals to natives of each
specified country, 31, 32; of immigrants,
influence upon insanity ratios for foreign
bom grouped according to time in United
States, 33.
County almshouses, authorities controlling,
68.
County and city hospitals for the insane,
number of insane in, 21, 123; number in
each state, 122.
County boards having supervision of insane,
68.
County homes, departments for insane, 15.
County insane hospitals, states having pro-
visions authorizing, 72; states having pro-
visions forbidding, 72; number, 72, 73.
Crime, persons charged with, procedure in
case of insanity, 87-93.
Criminal insane, in jails or penitentiaries not
enumerated, 15; statement of tables re-
lating to, 64; hospitals for, 72, 73; pro-
visions concerning, 87-105.
Crippled, maimed, or deformed, among
feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 204,
205.
Deaf, among feeble-minded in institutions,
190, 204, 205.
Death rates, effect on ratio of inmates of
hospitals to general population, 23; effect
on sex ratio of insane in hospitals, 41; for
insane in hospitals, 62, 63.
Death sentence, provisions concerning in-
sanity in case of persons under, 103.
Deaths, among insane in hospitals: number,
16, 62; by states, 16, 109, 102, 108; average
age of insane who died in hospitals, 60;
classification by age, 63, 164, 160; by sex,
63, 109, 102; by cause, 63, 168; number in
each specified hospital, 109; classification
by color, 162; of male insane, by color and
age, 164; of female insane, by color and
age, 166.
among feeble-minded in institutions;
number, 184; classification bjrsex, 190, 210;
by cause, 190, 210; number in each speci-
fied institution, by states, 193; classifica-
tion by age, 210.
Defectives, physical, among feeble-minded
in institutions, 190, 204, 205.
Delaware, comparison of white and negro in-
sane in hospital, 34. See also States.
Denmark, nativesof , in total population and
among insane in hospitals, 31 ; proportion
of insane among nati>'e8 of, 31.
Deportation of immigrants on accoimt of in-
sanity, 33.
Derangement, provisions regarding degree
of, for persons committed to hospitals,
74, 75.
Detention hospitals, provisions for, 72, 73;
voluntary commitment to, in Minnesota,
77.
Diabetes, deaths from, in adult population,
63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 108.
Diarrhea and enteritis, deaths from, in adult
population, 63; among insane in hospitals,
63, 109; among feeble-minded in institu-
tions, 190, 210.
Discharges from insane hospitals: number,
16, 62; by states, 16, 109, 162, 170;_ aver-
age age of persons discharged from insane
hospitals, GO; classification by condition at
discharge, 02, 170, 172; legal provisions
concerning, 84-86; number from each speci-
fied hospital, by sex, 109; classification by
sex, 109, 162, 170, 172; by color, 102, 170;
by age, 172.
of feeble-minded from institutions:
number, 184; by sex, custody to which
committed and condition at discharge,
190, 210; number from each specified in-
stitution, by states, 193.
District of Columbia, high ratio of insane to
total population explained, 15; comparison
of white and negro insane in hospital, 34;
data concerning Board of Charities, GO.
See also States.
Divisions. See Geographic divisions.
Duration of present attack, insane in hospi-
tals classified by, 00, 160, 161.
Dysentery, deaths from, in adult population,
63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 108;
among feeble-minded in institutions, 190,
210.
England and Wales, natives of, in total pop-
iilation, 31, 32; among insane in hospitab,
31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane
among natives of, 31, 32.
Enumerators, estimated omissions in re-
tiums of insane in 1890, 13.
Epilepsy, deaths from, in adult population,
63; among insane in hospitals, _ 63, 169;
among feeble-minded in institutions, 190,
210.
Epileptics, among feeble-minded in institu-
tions, 190, 204, 205; hospitals for, among
hospitals reporting insane, 72, 73; states
excluding noninsane, from insane hospi-
tals, 75.
Erysipelas, deaths from, in adult popula-
tion, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63,
168; among feeble-minded in institutions,
190, 210.
Executive officers of state insane hospitals,
appointment and qualifications, 70.
Expenses of insane _ patients in hospitals,
provisions concerning payment of, 86.
Feeble-minded inmates of institutions, total
number, 183; scope of census, 183; com-
parison with previous censuses, 183, 186,
187; number of institutions for, 183, 184;
number in almshouses, 183, 187; in public
and private institutions, 184, 185; num-
ber, by states, 185, 186, 196, 202; by divi-
sions, 185, 186, 196, 202, 200; ratio to total
population, 180-188; distribution among
special institutions and almshouses, by
divisions, 187; distribution by age, 187, 200,
202;byraceandnati\dtv, 188, 192, 190,200,
200; sex distribution, 189, 192, 196, 200,
201; native and foreign-born white, by age
and sex, with sex ratios, 189; physically
detective among, 190, 204; discharges, 190,
193, 210; deaths, 190, 193, 210; number in
each specified public and private institu-
tion, by sex, race, and nativity, 192; trans-
fers, 193, 210; distribution of inmates by
marital condition, 200; by source of sup-
port, 211. See also Admissions of feeble-
minded to institutions.
Feeble-mindedness, definition, 183.
Female insane in hospitals, percentage sin-
gle among, compared with that for males,
48; distribution of number admitted in
1910 by prior occupation, 49,153; deaths
among, 166. See also Sex.
Florida, comparison of white and negro in-
sane in hospital, 34; data concerning Board
of Commissioners of State Institutions, 66.
See also States.
Foreign-born white feeble-minded in insti-
tutions, comparison with native white,
188, 189. See also Nativity ajid Race.
Foreign-born white insane in hospitals, 25;
compared with native white insane, for
age groups, 20_, 27, 29; influences affecting
ratios of admi.ssions to hospitals, 27; hy-
pothetical number of admissions com-
puted on basis of age distribution of native
white, 27; compared with native white in-
sane, by divisions, 28, 29, 43; compared •
with native white insane, by states, 30; dis-
tribution by country of birth, 31,32,128,
129; by time in United States, 32, 33;
compared with negro insane, 30, 43; com-
pared with native white insane of native
parentage and native white insane of
foreign or mixed parentage, 37^0; ratios
of admissions of males and females to hos-
pitals compared, by divisions, 43; admis-
sions to hospitals from urban and rural
communities compared with statistics for
native white, 51. See also Nativity and
Race.
France, natives of, in total population, 31,
32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128,
129; proportion of insane among natives
of, 31, 32.
General paralysis of insanej insane admitted
to hospitals in 1910 having: number, 53;
ratio to total insane admitted, 53-56, 58;
ratio to total population, 53-58; number, by
divisions, 54, 173, 175; by prior residence,
54, 175; by age, 55, 57, 174; by sex, 56, 57,
174, 175; by race, nativity, and parentage,
58, 173, 174; by states, 173; number having
also alcoholic psychosis, 179.
deatlis from: in adult population, 63;
among insane in hospitals, 63, 168; among
feeble-minded in institutions^ 190, 210.
Geographic divisions, insane m hospitals:
comparison of ratios to total population
with composition of population, 18; rank
of divisions according to ratios of insane
inmates and admissions to total popula-
tion, 18; comparison vvith 1904, 19, 20;
age distribution, 24; native and foreign-
born white compared, 28, 30, 38-40; ratio
to total population, for native and foreign-
born white, 29; foreign-born white, by
country of birth, 32; white and negro com-
pared, 34, 36; sex distribution, 43, 51, 142,
144, 156; distribution by race and nativity,
43, 142, 144, 156; illiteracy among, 46, 47,
146, 148; distribution by marital condi-
tion, 48, 142, 144; by prior residence, 49,
53; number having general paralysis or
alcoholic psychosis, 54, 59, 175, 178; num-
ber reporting previous admission, 61, 156;
discharges from hospitals, 62 ; native white,
by parentage, 142, 144, 150; deaths among,
102, 108.
feeble-minded in institutions: number,
185-187; distribution by race and nativity,
188, 200, 208; physically defective
among, 190, 204, 205; distribution by sex
and marital condition, 206, 208; native-
white, by parentage, 200, 208; deaths, dis-
charges, and transfers among, 210. See
also statistical references under States.
Georgia, comparison of white and negro in-
sane in hospitals, 34; supervision of private
insane hospitals, 73. See also States.
Germany, natives of, in total population, 31,
32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128,
129 ; proportion of insane among natives of,
31, 32.
Great Britain, natives of, in total popula-
tion, and among insane in hospitals, 31;
proportion of insane among natives of,
31.
INDEX.
215
Habeas corpus proceedings, for release of
insane patients, 85.
Harmless insane, regulations restricting ad-
mission to insane hospitals, 75.
Heart, organic diseases of, deaths from, in
adult population, 63; among insane in hos-
pitals, 63, 169; among feeble-minded in
institutions, 190, 210.
Hospitals for insane, number canvassed, 11;
classes, 15, 122, 123; number of insane in-
mates and admissions, for each class, 21,
122, 123; location affects ratios of admis-
sions for different counties, 50; insane
classified by time spent in, 59, 60, 154;
boards controlling public, by states, 69;
provisions regarding chief omcers of state
hospitals, 70, 71; pro\dsions regarding
maintenance in state hospitals, 86; list of
public and jsrivate hospitals in each state,
with movement of insane population for
each, 108.
Idaho. See States.
Idiots, states where legal definition of
"insane person" includes, 74; states
where not suitable patients for state in-
sane hospitals, 75; states providing for
their admission to insane hospitals, 75.
Illinois, data concerning state boards hav-
ing oversight of insane, 65,66; provision
for boarding out of hospital patient, 74.
See also States.
Illiteracy, percentage of. among insane in
hospitals, 45-47; in general population,
46,47. See also Litera.cy.
Immigrants, insanity among, 25-34; large
relative proportion among insane in hos-
pitals explained, 2G ; numbers debarred and
deported on account of insanity, 33. See
also Foreign-born white.
Immigration laws, effect upon proportion
of foreign born admitted to insane hos-
pitals, 27,28; classes of immigrants de-
barred or deported on account of insanity,
33; exclusion of feeble-minded, 188.
Indiana, data concerning Board of State
Charities, 66; boards of county charities
and corrections, 68. See also States.
Indians. See Race.
Indictment, persons escaping, by reason of
insanity, 97.
Inebriates, admission to state insane hos-
pitals, 75.
Insane, censuses, 11; number in almshouses,
by states, 16; proportion in hospitals in
1890, 25; town and county officials charged
with oversight of, 68; provisions for care
of, 72-74; states in which legal definition
includes idiots, 74.
inmates of hospitals: scope of census,
11; comparison with earlier censuses, 11-13,
19, 41; total number, by divisions and
states, 16, 21, 44. 124; bv age at enu-
meration, 22, 23, 63, 130", 134; by age
when first admitted to insane hospital,
22, 132, 136; by race and nativity, 25, 37,
108, 124; native and foreign-born white, by
divisions, 28, 30; foreign-born white, by
country of birth, 31, 128; white and negro,
34; native white, bv parentage, 37, 124;
sex distribution, 4"l, 43, 44, 124; illit-
eracy among, 45-47, 146; distribution by
marital condition, 47, 48, 142; number in
public and private liospitals in each state,
108, 122; males, by prior occupation, 150;
females, by prior occupation, 1.53; dis-
tribution by time spent in hospitals, 154;
discharges, 16, 62, 162, 170, 172; deaths,
16, 63, 162, 168; transfers, 16, 162,
ratio of inmates of hospitals to total
population: comparison with previous
censuses, 12, 19, 21; influences affecting,
15, IS; for states, 16, 21; for divdsions, 16,
18, 21; for age groups, 23; for race and na-
tivity groups, 25, 27, 42; for persons born
in specified countries, 31; for males and
females, 41-44. See also Admissions of
insane to hospitals, o?id White insane.
Insanity, inquiry on population schedule
concerning, 11; question of increase dis-
cussed, 13, 14; influences affecting preva-
lence, IS; admissions to hospitals as index
of, 24; immigrants deported on account
of, 33; among negroes, 34; admissions to
hospitals distributed by duration of pres-
ent attack of, 60, 160; state boards of, 64,
65; county commissioners of, 68; plea of,
in criminal cases, 87, 93 ; provisions regard-
ing acquittal on account of, 93; as cause
for failure to indict, 97; of sentenced pris-
oners, procedure, 97, 103.
Insanity boards, states having, 64.
Institutional agencies controlling insane
hospitals, 68-71.
Institutional care of insane, extension of,
14; provisions for, 15. See also Hospitals
for insane.
Institutions for feeble-minded, increase in
number, 183; tendency toward state con-
trol, 184; number of public and private,
184; number of feeble-minded in alms-
houses compared with number in, 187;
list of public and private institutions in
each state, with movement of population
for each, 192.
Interstate migration, affects relative preva-
lence of insanity in different sections, 18.
Iowa, ratio of insane in hospitals to general
population affected by provisions for pub-
lic care of insane, 15; data concerning
state boards having oversight of insane,
66; county commissioners of insanity, 6S.
See also States.
Ireland, natives of, in total population, 31,
32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128,
129; proportion of insane among natives of,
31,32.
Italy, natives ofj in total population, 31, 32;
among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128, 129;
proportion of insane among natives of,
31,32.
Jury trial for alleged insane, provisions as to,
76, 79, 81.
Kansas, committee for visiting state insti-
tutions, 64; data concerning Board of
Control of State Charitable Institutions,
65, 66. See also States.
Kentucky, comparison of white and negro
insane in hospitals, 34; data concerning
State Board of Control for Charitable
Institutions, 66. See also States.
Laws relating to care of insane, summary,
64-105.
Legal procedure in commitment to state in-
sane hospitals, 75-83.
Licenses for private insane hospitals, states
requiring, 74.
Literacv, insane in hospitals classified bv,
45, 47, 146, 148.
Longview Hospital, provision concern-
ing, 72.
Louisiana, comparison of white and negro
insane in hospitals, 34; data concerning
State Board of Charities and Corrections,
66. See also States.
Lunacy commissions, states having, 64.
Maine, data concerning state boards having
oversight of insane, 65, 66, 67; provisions
concerning removal of discharged pa-
tients from hospitals, 85. See also States.
Maintenance, of patients in state hospitals,
provisions concerning payment, 86; of
feeble-minded in in.stitutions, 211.
Male insane in hospitals, factors affecting
ratio of males to females in hospitals, 41;
ratio of admissions to insane hospitals
compared with that for females, 42, 56;
distribution of number admitted in 1910
by prior occupation, 48, 150; deaths
among, 164. See also Sex.
Marital condition, insane in hospitals classi-
fied by, 47, 48, 142, 144; per cent distribu-
tion of male and female adult popula-
tion by, 48; feeble-minded in institutions
classified by, 206, 208.
Maryland, comparison of white and negro
insane in hospitals, 34; data concerning
state boards having oversight of insane,
65, 66. See also States.
Massachusetts, kinds of insane institutions,
15; data concerning State Board of In-
sanity, 65, 66; provision for boarding out
of hospital patients, 74; provision con-
cerning inquiry as to future of patient
discharged from insane hospital, 86; cen-
sus of feeble-minded by State Board of
Insanity, 183. See also States.
Medical experience, requirements in mem-
bership of state boards of insanity, 65;
requirements for chief officers of state in-
sane hospitals, 70.
Medical testimony, requirements in exam-
ination of alleged insane for commit-
ment to general state hospitals, 76, 79, 81.
Membership of state boards having over-
sight of insane, 64, 65; of boards con-
trolling public insane hospitals, 69.
Mental alienation, deaths from, in adult
population, 63; among insane in hospi-
tals, 63, 168, 169; among feeble-minded
in institutions, 190, 210.
Michigan, joint meetings of trustees of
insane hospitals, 64; data concerning
Board of Corrections and Charities, 66;
provision regarding parole of pay patients,
84; provision concerning removal of dis-
charged patients from hospitals, 86. See
also States.
Middle Atlantic division, ratios of admis-
sions for native white and foreign-bom
white compared, 28. See also Geographic
divisions.
Milwaukee Hospital for Insane, control of,
72.
Minnesota, data concerning state boards
having oversight of insane, 66; detention
hospitals for insane, 72; provision for
boarding out of hospital patients, 74;
voluntary commitment to detention hos-
pitals, 77. See also States.
Mississippi, comparison of white and negro
insane in hospitals, 34. See also States.
ilissouri, data concerning State Board of
Charities and Corrections, 65, 66; county
boards of visitors for charitable institu-
tions, 68. See aho States.
Montana, data concerning State Board of
Commissioners for Insane, 66. See also
States.
Municipal institutions for insane, number,
72; by states, 73.
Nationality of forei^-born white insane, 31;
effect of diversities in racial composition
upon ratio of admissions to insane hos-
pitals, 31. See also Country of birth.
Native white feeble-minded. See Nativity.
Native white insane in hospitals, 25; com-
pared with foreign-bom white insane, for
age groups, 26, 27; comparison for divi-
sions, 28, 29, 43; comparison for states, 30;
classes according to parentage compared
with foreign-born whites, 36-40; ratios of
admissions of males and females to hospi-
tals compared, by divisions, 42, 43; ad-
missions to hospitals from urban and
rural communities compared with statis-
tics for foreign-bom white, 51. See also
Nativity and Race.
216
INDEX.
Nativity, white insane in hospitals classi-
fied according to: number, 25, 27, 37;
by literacy, 45, 146, 148; percentage of
illiteracy among, 46, 47; distribution by
prior residence, 51, 52, 140; insane haviiig
general paralysis or alcoholic psychosis,
57-59, 173, 174, 176, 177, 179; distribution
by duration of present attack, 60, 161; by
report aa to previousadmission, 61, 156; by
states, 108, 124, 126; by divisions, 124, 126,
142, 144; by sex, 134-137, 142, 144, 156; by
age at enumeration, 134, 135; by age when
first admitted to insane hospital, 136, 137;
by marital condition, 142, 144; males
admitted in 1910, by prior occupation,
150; females, by prior occupation, 153.
feeble-minded in institutions classified
according to: number, 187, 188; by divi-
sions, 188, 196, 198; by sex, 189, 196, 198,
200, 201, 206, 208; by states, 192, 193, 196,
198; by age, 200, 20i; number physically
defective, 204, 205; distribution by marital
condition, 206, 208. See also Native white
insane and Foreign-born white insane.
Nebraska, data concerning state boards hav-
ing oversight of insane, 66, 67; county
commissioners of insanity, 68. See also
States.
Negro insane, 25; comparison with white in-
sane, for divisions, 34, 43; for the North
and South, 35, 36; for age periods, 35; fac-
tors affecting ratios of admissions to insane
hospitals, 35, 36; comparison with foreign-
born white, 36; ratios of admissions of
males and females to hospitals compared,
by divisions, 43; hospitals for. 72, 73.
See also Color and Race.
Nephritis, deaths from, in adult population,
63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 169;
among feeble-minded in institutions, 190,
210.
Nervous system, diseases of, deaths from, in
adult population, 63; among insane in
hospitals, 63, 168, 169; among feeble-
minded in institutions, 190, 210.
Nevada, data concerning Board of Commis-
eioners, 66. See also States.
New England, ratios of admissions to hospi-
tals for native white and foreign-born
white compared. 28; ratios of admissions
for foreign parentage classes compared, 40;
classification of communities as urban and
rirral, 50. See also Geographic divisions.
New Hampshire, data concerning state
boai'ds having oversight of insane, 65, 66,
67; pro\asion concerning discharge of pa-
tients from hospital, 84; procediue follow-
ing plea of insanity in criminal cases, 87,
90. See also States.
New Jersey, board comprising chiefs of state
institutions authorized, 64; data concern-
ing Commissioner of Charities and Correc-
tions, 66. See also States.
New Mexico. See States.
New York, kinds of institutions for insane,
15; deportation of aUen insane inmates of
institutions, 33; visitors to state hos-
pitals, 64; data concerning State Hospital
Commission, 65, 66; procedure following
plea of insanity in criminal cases, 87, 90.
See also States.
Nonresident insane persons, provisions con-
cerning admission to state hospitals, 77.
North, comparison of statistics for white and
negro insane, 35, 36.
North Carolina, comparison of white and
negro insane in hospitals, 34 ; data concern-
ing state boards having oversight of insane,
66. See also States.
North Dakota, ratio of insane in hospitals to
general population, 15; data concerning
Board of Control of State Institutions, 65,
67; county commissioners of insanity, 68.
See also States.
Norway, natives of, in total population and
among insane in hospitals, 31; proportion
of insane among natives of, 31.
Notification of alleged insane before commit-
ment proceedings, states requiring, 76.
Occupation prior to admission to hospital,
insane admitted to hospitals in 1910 classi-
fied by, 48; factors affecting occupational
distribution of insane, 49; male insane
admitted to hospitals classified by, 150;
female insane admitted to hospitals classi-
fied by, 153.
Ohio, data concerning state boards having
oversightof insane, 65, 66, 67; county boards
of visitors for charitable institutions, 68;
provisions for detention hospitals, 73;
supervision of private insane hospitals, 73;
provisions concerning discharge of patients
from insane hospitals, 84. See also States.
Oklahoma, comparison of white and negro
insane in hospitals, 34; data concerning
Commissioner of Charities and Corrections,
66; county commissioners of insanity, 68.
See also States.
Oregon, data concerning Oregon State Board
of Control, 67; licensing of private insane
hospitals, 74; provision for appeals in
lunacy proceedings, 82. See also States.
Paralytic, among feeble-minded in institu-
tions, 190, 204, 205.
Parentage, native white insane in hospitals
classified according to: classes distin-
guished, 36; compared with total popu-
lation, 37, 39; compared with foreign-
born white insane, 37-40; nmuber, by age
at enumeration, 37, 134, 135; by divisions,
39, 124, 126, 142, 144, 156; by literacy, 45,
146, 148; percentage of illiteracy among,
46, 47; insane having general paralysis or
alcoholic psychosis, 58, 173, 174, 176, 177,
179; distribution by duration of present
attack, 60, 161; by report as to previous
admission, 61, 156; by states, 124, 126; by
sex, 134-137, 140, 142; by age when first
admitted to insane hospital, 136, 137; by
prior residence, 140; by marital condition,
142, 144; males admitted in 1910, by prior
occupation, 150; females, by prior occupa-
tion, 153.
native white feeble-minded in institu-
tions classified according to: number, 188;
by sex, 189, 196, 198; by states, 196, 198;
by divisions, 196, 198, 206; by age, 200,
201; number physically defective, 204,
205; distribution by marital condition,
206, 208.
Parole of patients in hospitals, provisions
concerning. 83, 84.
Paupers, insane in almshouses, 16, 18; feeble-
minded in almshouses, 185.
Pay patients, admission to insane hospitals
without judicial proceedings, 77.
Pennsylvania, data concerning Board of
Public Charities, 65, 66; county boards of
visitors for charitable institutions, 68; pro-
vision for psychopathic wards in hospitals
for sick, 73; provision for appeal from order
regarding care of insane person, 82. See
also States.
Physically defective feeble-minded. See
Defectives, physical.
Physicians, returns as to insane in 1880, 12,
13. See also Medical experience and Med-
ical testimony.
Plea of insanity, provisiona concerning pro-
cedure, 87, 93.
Pneumonia, deaths from, in adult popula-
tion, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 169;
among feeble-minded in institutions, 190,
210.
Poland, natives of, among insane in hospi-
tals, .31, 128, 129.
Population , 16 ; increase in , 19 , 20 ; distribution
by age, 22, 23; by race and nativity, 25,
37; sex ratio, 40, 189; number of males and
females, 41; percentage of illiteracy in, 46;
distribution by residence, 49.
Population schedule, inquiry as to insanity,
Postal regulations for the protection of in-
mates, states having, 87.
Previous admission to insane hospitals, in-
sane classified according to, 61, 156.
Prisoners, sentenced, procedure upon dis-
covery of insanity, by states, 97, 103.
Private hospitals for insane, proportion of in-
stitutional insane in, 21; states providing
for supervision of, 73; movement of popu-
lation in each specified hospital, by states,
108; total number in each state, with aver-
age number of inmates and admissions per
hospital, 122.
Private institutions for feeble-minded, num-
ber in each state, 185; movement of popu-
lation in each specified institution, by
states, 192.
Psychopathic hospitals, for observation of
insane, 72.
Psychopathic probation ofiicers, provision in
California concerning, 77.
Psychopathic wards, in general hospitals, 15,
73.
Public hospitals for insane, classes, 15, 72,
73, 122; boards controlling, by states, 69;
movement of population in each specified
hospital, by states, 108.
Public institutions for feeble-minded, num-
ber in each state, 185; movement of popu-
lation in each specified institution, by
states, 192.
Race, insane in hospitals classified according
to: number, 25, 37; ratio to total popula-
tion for each group, 27, 37; distiibution
by age at enumeration, 37, 134, 135; by
literacy, 45, 146, 148; percentage of illiter-
acy among insane of each class, 46, 47;
distribution by prior residence, 51, 52, 140;
insane having general paralysis or alco-
hohc psychosis, 57-59, 173, 174, 176, 177,
179 ; insane, by report as to previous admis-
sion, 61, 156; by states, 122, 124, 126; by
divisions, 124, 126, 142, 144, 156; by sex,
134-137, 140, 142, 144, 156, 161; by age
when first admitted to insane hospital,
136, 137; by marital condition, 142, 144;
males admitted in 1910, by prior occupa-
tion, 150; females, by prior occupation,
153; distribution by duration of present
attack, 161.
feeble-minded in institutions classified
according to: number, 187, 188; by sex,
189, 196, 198, 200, 201, 206, 208; by states,
192, 196, 198; by divisions, 196, 198, 206,
208; by age, 200, 201; number physically
defective, 204, 205; distribution by maii-
tal condition, 206, 208. See also Color,
Foreign-born white insane, and Native
white insane.
Recovery from insanity, variations in use of
term, 62. See also Condition at discharge.
Recurrence of insanity. See Previous ad-
mission to insane hospitals.
Registration area, deaths of adults in, from
leading causes, 63.
Removal of patients to homes, provisions
concerning, 85, 86.
Residence, insane admitted to hospitals in
1910 classified according to: comparison
with distribution of population, 49; distri-
bution by divisions, 50, 51, 52; by sex, 50,
51, 138, 140,141; by race and nativity, 51,
52, 140; by states, 52, 53, 138; by age, 141;
insane having general paralysis or alco-
holic psychosis, 54, 55, 175, 178.
INDEX.
217
Rhode Island, data concerning Board of
State Charities and Corrections, 66. See
also States.
Rural communities, increa.se in population
compared with that for urban communi-
ties, 14; use of term, 49; population of, 49;
distribution of population 51. See also
Residence.
Russia, natives of, per cent distribution by
mother tongue, 31; number in total popu-
lation, 31, 32; among insane in hospitals,
31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of insane
among natives of, 31, 32.
Scandinavian countries, natives of, in total
population, 31, 32; among insane in hos-
pitals, 31, 32, 128, 129; proportion of in-
sane among natives of, 31, 32.
Schedules, kinds used for census of insane,
11.
Scotland, natives of, in total population, 31,
32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32, 128,
129; proportion of insane among natives
of, 31, 32.
Senility, deaths from, in adult population,
63; among insane in hospitals, 63, 169;
among feeble-minded in institutions, 190,
210.
Sex, insane in hospitals classified according
to: number, 40; sex ratios, 40, 41; com-
parison with previous censuses, 41; ratio
to total population, 41; distribution by
age at enumeration, 41, 42, 134, 135, 141;
by race and nativity, 42, 43, 124, 126, 134-
137; by divisions, 43, 44, 51; by states, 44,
108, 124, 126; by marital condition, 47, 48,
142, 144; by prior residence, 50, 51, 138,
140, 141; insane having general paralysis
or alcoholic psychosis, 55, 56, 174, 175,
177-179; distribution by time spent in
hospitafe, 59, 154; by report as to previous
admission, 61, 156; deaths among, 109,
162; discharges among, 109, 162, 170, 172;
transfers among, 109, 162; insane, by age
when first admitted to insane hospital, 136,
137; by literacy. 146, 148; by duration of
present attack. 161.
feeble-minded in institutions classified
according to: number, 189; discharges, 190,
210; feeble-minded, by states, 192, 196,
198; by divisions, 196, 198; by race, nativ-
ity, and parentage, 196, 198, 200, 201; by
age, 200, 201; number physically defective,
204,205; distribution by marital condition,
206, 208; deaths, 210; transfers, 210.
South, comparison of statistics for white and
negro insane, 35, 36.
South Carolina, comparison of white and
negro insane in hospital, 34. See also
States.
South Dakota, data concerning state boards
having oversight of insane, 66; county
commissioners of insanity, 68. See also
States.
Special agents for census of insane, appoint-
ment of, 11.
State hospitals for insane, proportion of in-
stitutional insane in, 21; provisions re-
garding qualifications of executive officers,
70; total number, 72, 73; procedure in
commitment to, 78; number m each state,
with average number of inmates and ad-
missions per hospital, 122.
States, insane in hospitals: comparison of
statistics, 15-18; ratio to total population,
16; number discharged, 10, 109, 162, 170;
number who died, 16, 109, 1G2, 164, 166,
168; number transferred, 16, 109, 162;
comparison with previous censuses, 19-21;
native and foreign-born white compared,
30; sex distribution, 44, 124, 126, 138, 154;
distribution by prior residence, 52, 53, 138;
movement of population in each specified
public and private hospital, 108; number
of insane in each class of hospitals, with
average number of inmates and admis-
sions per hospital, 122; distribution by
race, nativity, and parentage, 124, 126;
foreign-born wliite, by country of birth,
128, 129; distribution by age at enumera-
tion, 130, 131; by age when first admitted
to insane hospital, 132, 133; by time spent
in hospitals, 1.54; by duration of present
attack, 160; number having general paraly-
sis, 173; number having alcohohc psy-
chosis, 176.
States, laws relating to insane: general ad-
ministrative or supervisory agencies, 65;
institutional boards, 69; qualifications of
chief executive officers of state hospitals,
70; claasesof public hospitals, 73; supervi-
sion of private insane hospitals, 73; list of
states in which legal definition of "insane
person" includes idiots, 74; provisions
regarding classes committed to insane
hospitals, 74, 75; admission of inebriates,
drug users, and epileptics to state hos-
pitals. 75; notification of alleged insane
before commitment proceedings, 76; ad-
mission of pri\-ate pay patients to state
hospitals, 77; voluntary commitment, 77;
procedure in commitment to general state
hospitals. 78; appeal from order of commit-
ment, 82; cost of commitment, 82, 83;
conveying patients to hospitals, 83; pa-
role of insane patients. S3, 84; appeal for
discharge of patient claimed to be sane,
84; appeal for discharge of unrecovered
patient, 85; habeas corpus proceedings, 85;
expenses of removing discharged patients,
86; cost of maintenance of patients in
state hospitals, 86; postal privileges of in-
mates, 87; procedure in case of insanity of
persons charged with crime, etc., 88; plea
of insanity in criminal cases, 93; acquittal
on ground of insanity, 94; procedure when
persons escape indictment by reason of
insanity, 97; procedure when prisoners
serving time become insane, 97; procedure
when prisoners sentenced to death become
insane, 103.
feeble-minded in institutions: provi-
sions for, 184; number in public and pri-
vate institutions and in almshouses, 185;
comparison ■n-ith previous census, 186;
movement of population in each specified
public and private institution, 192; num-
ber, by sex, race, nativity, and parentage,
196, 198; by age, 202, 203; by source of
support, 211.
Suicides, number in adult population, 63;
among insane in hospitals, 63, 169; among
feeble-minded in institutions. 190, 210.
Support, source of, feeble-minded in insti-
tutions classified by, 211.
Sweden, natives of, in total population and
among insane in hospitals, 31 ; proportion
of insane among natives of, 31.
Switzerland, natives of, in total population,
31, 32; among insane in hospitals, 31, 32,
128, 129; proportion of insane among na-
tives of , 31. 32.
Tennessee, comparison of white and negro
insane in hospitals, 34; visitors to state
hospitals, 64; data concerning Board of
State Charities, 67; licensing of private
insane hospitals, 74. See also States.
Texas, comparison of white and negro insane
in hospitals, 34; provision regarding dis-
charge of patients from insane hospitals,
84. <See a(so States.
Time spent in insane hospitals, insane class-
ified by, 59, 154; approximate average for
insane in hospitals, 60.
Town officials controlling almshouses, 68.
Transfers, from insane hospitals, 15, 16, 109,
162; from institutions for feeble-minded,
184, 193, 210.
Transportation, of patients to insane hospi-
tals, provisions concerning. 83; of patients
to homes, 85, 86.
Trial, procedure incase of insanity of persons
undergoing, 88.
Tuberculosis of the lungs, deaths from, in
adult population, 63; among insane in hos-
pitals, 63, 168; among feeble-minded in
institutions, 190, 210.
Typhoid fever, deaths from, in adult popu-
lation, 63; among insane in hospitals, 63,
1G8; among feeble-minded in institutions,
190, 210.
Urban communities, use of term, 14; in-
crease in population compared with that
for rural communities, 14; percentage liv-
ing in, for classes of white population, 39;
population of, 49; distribution of popula-
tion, 51. See also Residence prior toad-
mission .
Utah, data concerning Board of Insanity, 67.
See also States.
Verdict of acquittal on ground of msanity,
provisions concerning, 94-96.
Vermont, data concerning state boards hav-
ing oversight of insane, 65, 67; appeal
from decision of physicians in insanity
cases, 82. See also States.
Violent deaths, in adult population. 63;
among insane in hospitals, 63, 169; among
feeble-minded in institutions, 190, 210.
Virginia, comparison of white and negro in-
sane in hospitals, 34; data concerning
state boards having oversight of insane,
67. See also States.
Visitors, county boards of, having oversight
of insane, 68.
Voluntary commitment to insane hospitals,
states having provisions for, 77.
Washington, data concerning State Board of
Control, 67; provision concerning removal
of discharged patients from hosjiitals, 85.
See also States.
West, comparison of statistics for white and
negro insane, 35.
West Virginia, comparison of white and
negro insane in hospitals, 34; committee
for investigating insane hospitals, 64; data
concerning State Board of Control, 67.
See also States.
White feeble-minded. See Race.
White insane, ratio to total population and
totiil insane, 25; comparison with negro in-
sane, 34-36. See also Color, Foreign-bom
white insane. Native white insane, and
Race.
Wisconsin, public institutions for insane. 15;
data concerning state boards having over-
sight of insane, 65, 67. See also States.
Women, as members of state boards having
oversight of insane, 65.
Wyoming, data concerning Stale Board of
Charities and Reform, 67; provision con-
cemingremoval of discharged patientfrom
hospital, 85. See also States.
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