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nf tl)t listnrit iDtietti nf XnnrnsljirE nni dlijitsliirB, kt. kx.

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l^niistatrc Jfnt Simile 0f i\t mtixt ©riginiil C^te.

1Cratr|inni :

JOSEPH MAYEK, ESQ., F.S.A.,

and member of many archjiological societies,
lokd steeet, liverpool.

My dear Sir,

To whom could the following sheets, and their accompanying

fac-simile of Sprott's Chronicle, be so fitly dedicated, as to a Scholar and a Gentleman,

who, faithfully following up the example set him by his great townsman, EoscoB,

graces, in the first mercantile haven of the world, the pursuits of Commerce by the

amenities of Literature and the Arts, and gracefully dispenses, for the fiirtherance of learning

and liberal pursuits, those riches which the diflfiisive spread of wealth and opulence,

the necessary concomitants of an unrivalled trade with every corner of the world,

creates. To this munificence, the production of the present hitherto inedited Chronicle,

as a new source of our national history, will bear lasting testimony, and furnish an

example to the Government and the country, how the earliest writers of our annals may

be produced and published in the most unexceptionable and satisfactory form, and, in

comparison with a late abortive attempt, at a moderate and compaSsable expense ; thus

opening the door to a new era in our national history, and shewing the possibility of

producing, by a method as new as it is clear, a body of our earliest Chronicles in

exact copies of the originals, which will be an honour to the country, and an example
to Europe.

I remain, dear Sir,
With the deepest feelings of gratitude and respect.

Your most obliged and obedient Servant,

WILLIAM BELL, Phil. Dr.

227971

INTRODUCTION.

The Chronicle, of which the following pages are a translation, is the property of Joseph introducuon.
Mayer, Esq., F.S.A. ; and the Anastatic fac-simile accompanying them is due solely to
his liberality, and to a taste so often exhibited by him, not merely for the local
antiquities of the town and neighbourhood of which he is so distinguished an ornament,
but also of the kingdom in general and its records.

Consisting of twelve parchment skins, seven of which are inscribed on both sides,
the EoU is written, as will be perceived, in a very bold and fair hand, though the
numerous contractions, frequently arbitrary, often irregular, and the extreme similarity
in the letters t and c, with the want of discrimination in the i, m, n, and r, render
the task of decyphering extremely difficult and laborious.

The entire length of these twelve skins is thirty-one and a half feet ; the longest side
relates exclusively to Profane History. Seven of the skins, inscribed on their retros, and
measuring about sixteen and a half feet, are entirely occupied with Sacred History, and
the Genealogy of Christ, from Adam to the Crucifixion. .The breadth, with an occasional
trespass on the margin, as will be seen from the fac-simile, is generally twelve inches.
A peculiar feature of both is the neat vignette portraits, and some pictorial illustrations
of the text, which have been copied with great fidelity. The former, as representing the
features of the Priests and Princes whose names are inscribed beneath them, are of course
apocryphal, but they are drawn with such a vigour and truthfulness, as well as with
such a characteristic individuality, that they seem to have been taken from living
cotemporaries ; and, though not the features of our antient Kings, may still give us
portraits of the worthy Fathers of the Church at Canterbury, about the reign of Edward
the First. This practice of attaching portraits to history seems to have been common
about the date of the present Chronicle, as Hearne, in his Preface to Eobert of
Gloucester, (Baxter's reprint. Vol. I., p. xvi.,) says, " Much about the same time I

Introduotion,

VI. INTRODUCTION.

had borrowed the old French roll, from which I have printed two passages in the following
work : which roll is so much the greater curiosity, as it represents the figures of
our King and Princes from the time of Athelstan, where it begins, to the time of
Edward the First, where it ends. For though the pictures are but rude, yet there
are many things that will be of use to studious men. We therefore ought not to reject
old pictures of this kind upon account of their rudeness." How much would it have
delighted the heart of this old and learned Antiquary to have had before him a roll
like the present, with such excellent portraits, and commencing with a series so much
earUer than the one he thus commends. Taylor, the Water Poet, gave also in his
works a series of portraits of our old Kings, with a short character of each in verse.

In the larger division of twelve sheets, on Profane History, is comprised the History
of England from the Creation to the death of Edward the First, in 1307, with the
necessary introductions from Bibhcal and Eoman annals ; (the latter rendered indispensable
as our mother country,) when Brutus' occupation of Britain and his founding of Troy-
novant is admitted with the Sybil's answer to his inquiry where to found a new kingdom :

Brute ! sub oocasum solis trans Gallica regna

Insula in oceano est undique clausa mari:
Insula in oceano sit liabitata gigantibus olim

Nunc deserta quidem, gentibus apta tuis.
Hano pete : namque tibi Sedes erit ilia perennis.

Sic flat natis altera Troja tuis.
Sic de prole tua reges nascentur, et ipsis

Totius ten-ee subditus orbis erit.

The Sacred History commences also from the Creation, and is principally occupied
in tracing the maternal and paternal descent of the Saviour, from Adam and Abraham,
through the Patriarchs and High Priests, to Mary and Joseph. In the early ages of
the world, the Mosaic accounts are generally followed, interwoven with a few Talmudical
traditions concerning Adam and Noah, When it is necessary to interweave the Eoman
annals, their epitomators, and more especially the Origo Gentis Eomanse of Sextus
Aurelius Victor, have been copied.

Geoffry of Monmouth is almost implicitly followed for the commencement of British
history. On that author, at the time the present Chronicle was written, no suspicion had
been thrown by lynx-eyed criticism. Geoffry's work had not been given to the world
beyond a century ; and it was quoted even diplomatically, and in state documents, with
every belief of its authenticity, at the age of our author. Thus Edward the First, in a

INTEODUCTION. VU.

letter still extant, (Eymer's Foedera, Vol, I., Part IV., p. 9, Third Edition,) adduces '°''°d"«"''"-

the whole history and arrival of Brutus, and of his successors, as a serious proof of

the direct and superior dominion of England over Scotland ;'''" and later down, a great

lawyer. Sir John Fortescue, who had filled the office of Chief Justice of the Court of

King's Bench, positively derives his reasons (in the diflference between an absolute and

a limited monarchy,) from the conditions agreed on between Brutus and his Trojan

companions. Milton (History of Britain, Book I.,) seems half disposed to admit that

the real Brennus who menaced Eome was a Briton, as he is distinctly asserted to be,

and his lineage and adventures stated, in the roll before us. In fact, to suppose these

old and inborn names of successive Kings never to have had a colourable origin in

fact, or that some of the persons mentioned did not perform at least something of the

part put down for them, cannot be entertained without discrediting the principles of our

nature and the tenacity of tradition. That scepticism is too severe, that incredulity

too strict, that would indiscriminately reject all the tales of our forefathers, because parts

are manifestly false. In apocryphis non omnia apocrypha ; and I agree therefore

with the writer who asserts, "I cannot but think that any history of England without

an explanation of this, which may be termed its fabulous part, would be as incomplete

as the first Eoman decade without the amours of Mars and Ehea, or the wolf that

suckled Eomulus and Eemus." And, to sum up our authorities, we may conclude with

our trusty Hearne's words, preceding the passage already quoted: "I am aware it will

be objected that the beginning of this Book (Eobert of Gloucester's Chronicles) is for

the most part taken fi-om Geoffry of Monmouth. But this objection makes rather for

the reputation than the disgrace of this historian ; and it may be as well alleged against our

other historians, that they have written since Geoffi-y's time. GeofFry was an author so

much in vogue for the most early affairs of our British princes, that he was constantly

transcribed and put into most libraries, which is the reason why there are so many MSS

of his." For any additional remarks on this author, I may refer the reader to the very

excellent preface prefixed by the Eeverend Dr. Giles to his Translations of six old English

Chronicles, forming a volume of Bohn's Antiquarian Library, (London, 12mo, 1848,

pp. vii. to xviii.,) where many particulars will be found which I have not thought it

necessary to adduce here. I think, however, sufficient has been shewn for the reader to

" This memorial or epistle is slightly noticed in Tytler's History of Scotland (Second Edition, Vol. I., pp. 183,
164): "It was notorious, they observed, in these parts of the world, that from the very first original of the kingdom
of England the kings thereof, as well in the times of the Britons as of the Saxons, enjoyed the superiority and direct
dominion of the kingdom of Scotland, and continued either in actual or Tirtual possession of the same through successive
ages, Ac, <to."

vm. INTRODUCTION.

Tntroduction. conclude that the pedant Buchanan's judgment on the Bishop of St. Asaph, our GeofFry,
was not only harsh, but unmerited. He writes, in Historia rerum Scoticarum, Liber II.,
p. 42, et seq., directly accusing the Cambrian of a forgery, when he passed the name
of Brutus as standing Godfather to Britain — " Nam qute nostri scriptores de suie quisque
gentis origine prodiderunt adeo sunt absurda ut non existimarem refellenda esse diligen-

tius Brutus autem iste quieunque fuit quem et gentis et nominis authorem Brittones

edunt quibus opibus? &c. &c. Sed monachus ille hujus Brutinse fabulse poeta et

artifex videre visus est commenti absurditatem Sin veteres illos Latinos locutos

affirment Brittannice, unde monachus ille tam veterem dictionem bis mille annos antedatam
intellexit? Sed quid ista minutius persequimur cum pluribus aliis argumentis appareat
eundum monachum et historiam totam fabricasse et Brutum istum, qui nunquam fuit,
genuisse et responsum Dianai confixisse." The frequent and disparaging use of the term
" monachus," in this wholesale and unmeasured condemnation, would almost induce us to
believe that it was as much influenced by the sourness of Presbyterian leaven as by a
wholesome and just love of historical truth. As we have seen above, such was not the
opinion of Geoffry's cotemporaries, nor of Britain for many subsequent centuries ; and it
would therefore have argued ill either of the reading or diligence of our author to have
found him omitting these traditions as unworthy of a true and undoubted history.

The Dano- Norman annals, it will be perceived, are much more circumstantial and
minute, and facts and anecdotes are related more in detail of the Norman Dukes before
their accession to the English throne than in the more immediate History of England
proper. This circumstance is the more to be lamented, as, if such close colouring had
been adopted for our own annals by a cotemporary, we might perhaps have met with some
important fact or exploit, unknown through other chroniclers ; for it is in the nature
of relations by eyewitnesses, that, though agreeing in the main, each will seize upon
different circumstances as explanatory or convincing, which might have settled some
questio vexata in the history of our national constitution.

In this Chronicle the author gives no clue to his name ; and his profession and period
can only be gathered from internal evidence. From the praises of pious Princes, amongst
which all are classed who founded or liberally endowed Churches and Monasteries, —
Edward the Confessor, without papal licence, is raised to the dignity of Canonisation, —
we must conclude that he was a cloistered ecclesiastic ; and, from the energy he displays
on the principal question agitating Britain on both sides of the Tweed at the close of
the thirteenth century, in attesting the right of our first Edward to their joint sovereignty,
that he was a cotemporary and active partisan of that great monarch, with whose death

INTRODUCTION. IX.

the Chronicle concludes. The question upon which the whole British policy turned, during
the entire latter half of this centurj', was the feudal rights of the English crown over the
king and kingdom of Scotland. For this, Edward the First nearly exhausted the riches
and resources of his kingdom, and died hrooding over the ineffectual struggles he had
hitherto maintained, at Brough-on-the- Sands (12th July, 1307,) in sight of the glens
and mountains he thirsted for ; with the dying injunction to his successor never to cease
his efforts for the same purpose, hut to carry his ' hones in the van of his army, for
that the rebels (such was the now recognised term by which the inhabitants of Scotland
were designated) would never stand before their sight. And it is this idea of Scotcli
feudality and rebellion that runs through all the periods of our Author's History, as soon
as it could be consistently introduced, from the reign of Athelstan (Part I. chap, x.)
when it is stated of that monarch, " He overthrew in battle Hoel, King of the Britons,
and Constantine, King of the Scots. This same Constantine having aflerwards rebelled,
he compelled him to cede his kingdom, but afterwards permitted him to resume it, saying.
It was more glorious to make a king than to be one. When Constantine rebelled a
second time, Athelstan overcame him, through the prayers of St. John of Beverley, and
laid waste Scotland as far as Dunfermline. Wherefore Eugenius, King of Cambria, and
this same King of the Scots, meeting in a place called Dakir," (William of Malmsbury,
p. 212, calls it Dacor, most probably Dacre Castle,) "submitted themselves and their
people to the said Athelstan ; in grace of which covenant, Athelstan directed Constantine's
son to be baptised, and himself raised him from the holy font, and privileged the lands
of Saint John, who, when he died, was buried at Malmsbury."

This, then, is the text upon which the entire History proceeds, and scarcely a reign
occurs, thenceforward to Edward the First's reign, without the mention of Scottish
" rebellion," and the means by which the English arms successfully put it down. Of
King Edward the Elder (p. 57) it is said, "The King of the Scots, the Danish King,
and the Eng of the Wallii with his force, chose King Edward for their superior Lord,
and made with him a binding covenant." Of Edred, in the following paragraph, "After
conquering the Northumbrians, he turned his ensigns towards Scotland, now rebellious ;
but the Scots were struck with such terror, that they submitted without a contest, and
swore the accustomed fealty to their (superior) Lord, before the King whom he had set
over them." This strain continues consistent to the end, for the writer takes leave of his
readers with this concluding paragraph of his twelfth skin : "To this Edward Longshanks,
in the seventh year of his reign, all the nobles of the kingdom of Scotland did homage,
taking him for their liege Lord, and conceding to him and to his heirs supreme dominion

X. , INTRODUCTION.

introducuon. in the kingdom of Scotland ; whereupon he granted to them liberty, to elect their sove-
reigns from the near relatives of the defunct King."

It would be tedious to adduce more, and useless, if the above exti-acts are not sufficient,
to shew the political bias of the chronicler, and perhaps the principal gist of his writing ;
and as no other reign in English History would have given equal scope or cause for such
ultra opinions, we may safely put him down as dating at the latter end of the thirteenth
century ; for I should no more consider the single date of the death of Edward the
First in 1307 for a date in the author's life, than I should take the account of the death
of Moses, in Genesis, for a proof that the Hebrew Lawgiver did not write that earliest
History of the world ; both final dates may have been added by an immediate transcriber.

But at the above period we have the account of an admired cowled Historian, who
wrote and flourished, but whose works have come down to us only very imperfectly and
in fragments. This was Thomas Sprott, a Benedictine Monk of the Monastery of St.
Augustine, at Canterbury, of the particulars of whose life little is known ; for what, in fact,
could the dusty, dull routine of the cloister oflfer to the biographer worth recording, beyond
what their writings argued, or their histories detailed?'-' That, however, his name was
esteemed as a careful collector and accurate narrator of facts, we learn fi-om various writers,
of. whom the first and principal was our industrious Leland, who, in his Treatise de
Scriptoribus, gives Sprott the following testimony: — "Thomas Sprottus inter Augustinianos
Monachos qui sunt Duroverni Cantiorum, Celebris erat non solum rehgionis verum etiam
solida3 doctrinse titulo. Nse ego igitur essem parum candidus si hominum tam clara
dignum memoria silentio prajtererem ; itaque pro mea consuetudine id ei dabo quod
aliis nostrae gentis Scriptoribus hactenus non inviderim : nempe lucem et famam, debita
mehercle eruditorum prajmia. Cum nuper per totam Cantiam obequitarem eruendse
antiquitatis gratia cujus oh frequentissimum Eomanorum et in Limeniscum et Eutupinun
portum adventum plenissiraa est ; ac, data opera, Augustinianam Bibliothecam id est
divitem veterum exemplariorum officinam inviserem, incidi ut casus tulit, in Gulielmi
Thorni monachi Augustiniani historiam qua ille Abbatum suorum resgestas memorise
commendavit," &c. &c., for the whole is too long for insertion; but from the following
it seems that Leland knew only Sprott's Lives of those Canterbury Abbots which this
William Thorn, a monk of the same cloister, had largely pirated and continued to his

* Hearne, indeed, in his Preface, surmises that ho may hare studied at Oxford (p. xxvi. ), — Oxonia; studiis literariis
operum impendisse videtur, — and names Christ's Church as his College; hut the surmise seems to have had no better
foundation than that therein is a Canterbury Quadrangle, which may have taken its name because built by Canterbury
Monlts, amongst whom Sprott may have studied there.

INTRODUCTION. XI.

own times, about one hundred years subsequent to Sprott. This error of Leland's latroducnon.
seems to have induced in Pits and Bale and Tanner the conviction that this was the
sole work written by Sprott. The first of these three, vide Pitseus de illustribus Angl.
Scriptor., p. 355, (4to., Paris, 1617,) says of Sprott's style, "Thomas Sprottus vel
Spottus Benedictinse familise monachus Anglus in coenobiis S. Augustini Cantuarise vir
vitae religiosse et eximite doctrinse. Incola et alumnus civitatis Cantuarensis sane non

ingratus. Ita de sua civitate de suo ordine imo de tota sua patria historicis optime

meritus merito dici poteret qui tot res lectione et imitatione dignas a tenebris vindi-
caverit, in luce profuerit, posteritati tradiderit. Harum historiarum flores postea Gulielmus
Thornus ejusdem ordinis et monasterii religionis coUegit et iis aliquorum annorum
additiones fecit. Scripsit itaque Sprottius noster Cantuarensem Historiam Liber unus
Abbatum sui caenobii vitas et res gestas (chronica vocavit) MS in BIbliotheca privata
Gualteri Copi, et alia quosdam. Claruit post nativitatem inchoante in Angha regnum
suum Edwardo primo." Pits' " alia qutedam" may include much or little, but his date
for Sprott's death may more consistently be taken for that of his birth. The same or
similar particulars may be found in Bale, (Descrip. Illustribus Britann., p. 326, fol.,)
and in Tanner's Bibliotheca Britann-Hibern., (fol., London, 1748, p. 685.) With
Thomas Hearne, however, we may exclaim, (Preface to Sprott, p. xix.,) " Hucusque
Testimonia de Sprotto. Ex illis manifestum est Chronicon a nobis editum aliud esse atque
codices ab corundum auctorihus commemorates, Neque minus certum est cl. Nicolsonum
mire cespitasse asserendo Baleum ignorasse quo tempore vixerit Sprottus. Baleus enim
deserte dixit Sprottum claruisse anno domini 1274."

Thomas Hearne was led to this declaration by the discrepancies of a work which he
edited as Fragments of a Chronicle, and which he gave to the world under Sprott's name,
in 8vo, Oxford, 1719; of it he gives the following account : " In the Library of Sir Edward
Bering, of Sheringham Bering, in Kent, he found a MS which had come into the family
by the purchase of Sir Charles Bering, in the reign of Charles the First, who had labelled
it as the Chronicle of Thomas Sprott, and under this title our industrious Hearne published
it, as above stated, with other miscellaneous matter." The Editor admits that the production
is fragmentary, but at the same time concludes, very illogically, that because he has seen
no perfect copy, that therefore the Author never completed his work. Preface, p. v., he
says, " Adeo ut Chronicon nostrum operis longemajoris sceletos tantumodo fuisse videatur,
quod tamen nunquam ad umbeHcum duxisse auctorem opinor."

The scarcity, therefore, of Sprott's Works will be readily conceded, and even the
entire want hitherto of any publication of his Chronicle by the press contended for.

Jntroduction.

XU. , INTEODUCTIOK.

On the first point, we may see what Bishop Nicholson, who wrote about 1719, says of
our Author. In his Historical Library, p. 16, classing it under the head of Special
Histories of the County of Kent, he says, "But Mr. Somner assures us he could no
more meet with them, (Gillingham de rebus Cantuarensibus,) than with those of Thomas
Sprott, mentioned by Bale. It is evidently therefore extremely scarce, as the name itself
is so doubtful." And Ibid., p. 126, after mentioning Eichard de Diceto, Nicholson goes
on to say, "The next in order of time was Thomas Spott, Spottley, or Sprott, a Bene-
dictine monk of Canterbury in the year 1274, whose book has been vainly enquired for
by some of our most industrious antiquaries, and particularly by one whom hardly anything
on this subject could escape." Mr. Somner seems to think it was rather a Chronicle of
the City of Canterbury, than of the Archbishops ; and William Thorn, who was a monk
of the same house in 1380, either epitomising or enlarging it, it may only prove the
same with his History of the Abbots of Saint Augustin. Nine years later, the learned
Bishop might have collected from Hearne this at least, that Sprott's works were not
confined in their purpose by the narrow bounds of his cloister or city, but that he could
also compass the entire kingdom in his enquiries, and, where discursively necessary, every
part of the then known world ; the fruits of such industry was the Chronicle before us.
This must not, however, be confounded with his other work, of which, besides the copy
mentioned in the above extract from Pits, as in the possession of Walter Cope, Tanner
(in loc. cit.,) mentions one amongst the MSS of Corpus College, No. 125, with the title
" Liber Thxmce Sprott, de Librario S. Augustini Cant.'" In the Cottonian MS
collection of the British Museum, VitelUus E xiv. from 243 to 258, we have " Thomce
Sprott excerpta," written in a character so painfully cramped, that it is difficult to
decipher it ; and this difficulty is much enhanced by the damage it sustained, with a
great part of the other Cottonian MSS, by fire. It is fortunate, therefore, that what
appears to be a perfect transcript of the above, written in a bold and legible character,
exists in the Harleian Collection, 692, (Plutarch, 63 F,) p. 75 ; of this latter, the
Catalogue gives the following account : " Ex chronica ThomcB Sprott monachi
Augustini qui vixit circiter annum Dni. 1270, et scripsit res gestas sui monasterii
narrans prcecipue contentiones inter illud Monasterium habitas semper et Archi-
episcopum et ecclesiam Trinitatis."

As it is plain, however, that none of the above works extend in plan beyond Canterbury
and its walls ; they can have nothing in common with either the work published by Hearne
as Sprott's Chronicle, or the present fac-simile ; so that the only question as regarding these

INTRODUCTION. Xlll.

two would be, how far the present Codex is the complete Work from which, as acknowledged introducuon.
by himself, Hearne's would only be extracts and fragments : these commence as follows :

Adam homo primus de lime terrae extra paradisum in agro Damascene yi° die seouli formatus et in
paradisum translatus ejudem diei hora septima, peccato ibidem commisso in vaUem Josaphat inde (virga
angelo) dejectus, ubi xxx. fiUos totidemque Alias legitur procreasse.

Our roll, after some prefatory matter, has —

Formatus itaque Adam homo primus de limo terree extra paradisum sexto die seouli et in paradisum
translatus peeoatoque eodem die commissus dejectus est post meridiem.

Here the verbal conformity is very great ; and another conformity of fact is curious.
Hearne seems to consider it as an important circumstance in English history, that by his
fragments the legitimacy of Edmund Ironsides, which our other chroniclers repudiate, — and
in this they are followed by most of our later historians, including the careful Sharon
Turner, — is established. Hearne says, " Edmundi, Ferre Latus cognominati, matrem
uxorem re vera fuisse, Ethelridi non concubinam, monuit." Our Chronicle, in conformity,
at p. 53, says, " This Ethelred has, by his Queen Ethelgina, Edmund surnamed Iron-
sides," &c. &c. It must, however, be conceded that both accordances are too slight
and general to establish an identity ; and as in a perhaps rather hasty collation I have
been able to find no other agreeing passages, we must conclude that our fac- simile is not
the original from which Hearne's extracts were made ; and then comes the question :
Which is Thomas Sprott's true work ?

In wading through Hearne's sixty-nine pages of prefatory matter, I can discover no
other or stronger proof for the ascription of his work to the Augustinian monk of
Canterbury than the title given it by its earliest known possessor. Sir Charles Bering,
in the time of Charles the First ; but as a counterbalance, I might adduce in favour of
the present Chronicle faint traces in red ink, and a younger hand, at the top of my
first sheet of " Chronica Thomce Sprott," if I thought that this mere attribution by
any one, unaccompanied by collateral proof, evinced anything beyond the subjective
opinion of the writer. I believe, however, that in the case of the Eoll before us, verij
strong collateral corroboration lias been adduced in what I have stated above, when
the date was under consideration, that it must have been written about 1278 to 1280,
when, as we should now say, Scotch politicks ran high, and the Author, like a practised
courtier, took the popular or English side, and on this account I should vindicate with

XIV. INTEODUCTION,

introduoaon. the most perfect confidence Sprott as my Author of the present work, in opposition to
Hearne's protege.

WILLIAM BELL, Phil. De.

BhITISH ABCHiEOLOOICAL ASSOCIAIIOX,

15th Augdst, 1851.

PAET I.

PROFANE HISTORY.

PREFACE.

We have determined to note the progress of occurrences, and their downward descent, r*Rj i-
from the beginning of the world, with the successions of its empires and rulers, for the benefit
of posterity, that the studious reader may from this small epitome collect much. The
prodigies, however, and past wonders which portend famine or mortality, are for this reason
noted for remembrance, that any one who may have undergone similar visitations, or can call
to mind that he has in any respect incurred the displeasure of the Almighty, may without
delay hasten to appease him by the remedy of contrition. Moyses, the legislator, although
other instances are not wanting, points out innocence in Abel, anger in Cain, singleminded-
ness in Job, cunning in Esau, envy in the eleven children of Israel, and brotherly love in
Joseph. The punishment also of offending cities by fire and brimstone, evinces how much
it behoves us to imitate what is good, as we ought to abhor to be followers of what is
sinful, so that thereby we radically root up the sources of evil. This was taught not solely
by Moses, but by all the writers of the Divine Word, not only in their historical, but in
their moral writings ; by commending virtue and dispraising vice, they admonish us to fear
and love God.

PART I.

CHAPTER I

Adam, the first man, having heen formed
from the dust of the earth, in the land of
Damascus, outside of Paradise, on the sixth
day of the (first) century, and being placed
in Paradise on the same day, committed sin
on that day, and was ejected in the afternoon.
Thus truly he fell from innocence to a state
of misery : a man who in the prime of Hfe
had the opportunity of enjoying sweet viands
in the habitation of the Lord ; but who, wish-
ing for things forbidden, and seeking after
what was interdicted, fell from the summit
to the bottom, from brightness to bitterness,
from a habitation to exile, from a home to
houselessness, from comfort to care, from
affluence to affliction, from gladness to grief,
from love to hatred, from sense to silliness,
from health to infirmity, from plentifulness
to penury, from grace to sin, from peace to
punishment, from observance to offence.

Japhet, third son of Noe, begat a son,
called Magog, whose Gothic descendants,
from the similitude of the last syllable of the
paternal name, took thence their denomina-
tion. He produced two nations of the Goths,
especially powerful in arms ; one of which
invaded farther Scythia, and took possession
of, and thence waged war on, many Egyptian
kings. Their wives, indignant at the long

Thus Adam, in the fifteenth year of his life, part i.
begat Calnanan and Caym, and again fifteen chapter i.
years afterwards, which was the thu-tieth of
Adam's life, he begat Abel, and Debbora his
sister. The parents of Abel grieved for him
one hundred years, and (then), according to
the Hebrew chronology, in the hundred and
thirtieth year of his age, Adam begat Seth ;
Seth Enos; Enos begat Cainan; Cainan begat
Malaheel ; Malaheel begat Lamech ; Laraech
begat Noe : thus was finished the first age of
the world.

The waters of the deluge being at length
drained off", and Noe having left the ark on
the twenty-seventh day of the second month,
or of May, the Lord promised to Noe that he
would not cause a second deluge : in sign of
which covenant he placed an arch in the
heavens. This arch is a token of two signi-
fications. The first of water, for the past,
that we be not alarmed ; the second of fire,
for the future, that we may be on our guard.
Thence it is that the arch has two exterior
colours ; aquatic or cerulean for the past, and
an interior igneous one for the future ; and it
is said that forty years before the judgment
day the arch will not be visible.

The world, or habitable globe, which is

PEOFANE HISTORY.

PJIRT I.

Chapter I.

delay, received the name of Amazons ; for,
refusing their emhraces, they took to arms,
and elected two, more daring than the rest,
as their queens : who, cutting off their breasts,
for the more ready casting their javelins, at^
tacked all Asia, and for almost the revolution
of a century subjected entire outvyard Asia to
their rule.

The first man of the race of Japhet who
entered Europe was called Alanus, with three
sons, whose names are Isicion, Armenon, and
Negno.

Isicion had four sons, who are these —
namely, Francus, Eomanus, Alamannus, and
Bricto.

Armenon had five sons, namely, Gothus,
Walegothus, Goliebitus, Burgundus, and Lon-
gobardus.

Negno, the elder, had sons, who are,
namely, Wandalus, Saxon, Kegarus, Targus.

From Isicion, first-born of Alanus, the
elder, the descendants are, namely, the Eo-
mans, called also Latins, Franks, Alemanni,
and Britons.

From Armenon, the second son, are
sprung the Goths, the Waligoths, Coliebiti,
Burgundi, and Longobardi.

But from Negno, the third son, have
arisen four nations, Bo(l)gari, Wandah, Sax-
ones, Thracians.

But they say Alanus was the son of Fre-
thenir, the son of Ogamin, the son of Thor,

on every side shut in by the ocean, has three
divisions, namely, Asia, Africa, and Europe.
Asia has, however, the most extensive king-
doms, and, according to numeration, is the
third part, hut according to its magnitude the
second.

In Asia, these are the provinces and coun-
tries — India, Achaia, Parthia, Siria, Percia,
Media, Mesopotamia, Capedocia, Palestina,
Armenia, CiUcia, Caldea, Siria, iEgyptus,
Libia.

In Africa, these are the provinces and
countries — Libia Cirini, Pentapolis, Ethio-
pia, Tripolitana and Bisania, Getulia, Narabia,
Numidia, Samaria, Oyses the greater and the
less.

In Europe, these are the provinces and
countries, namely, Eoma, Calabria, Hispania,
Alamannia, Macedonia, Tracia, Dalmacia,
Pannonia, Polonea, Gallia called also Francia,
Acquitania, and Britannica, Hibernia, and the
Aquilones beyond the ocean.

The nation of the Goths being driven from
the Island of Seanza, and taking their depar-
ture with their King Borig, they soon left their
ships, and called the place where they landed
Seanza, in remembrance of the country they
had left. Spreading themselves out thence,
they overran the Germanic Gulphs and the
mouths of the Meotis. They also took pos-
session of the limotrope countries, in every
direction, of which Dacia and Norway after-
wards had many famous and powerful mo-
narchs. They pretend that the deity Mars
proceeded from amongst them, who loved to
be appeased by human sacrifices. They also
boast that the Trojans were of their race, and
that Antenor, who fled, on account of bis
treachery, from the destruction of the city

PART I. CHAPTER I.

the son of Boib, the son of Semeon, the son
of Mayi, the son of Attach, the son of Arcaat,
the son of Tholet, the son of Tazh, the son of
Eaa, the son of Abirth, the son of Esiam, the
son of Esiam, the son of Baath, the son of
Johin, the son of Jalath, the son of Japhet,
the third son of Noe.

(Troy), arrived in Germany ; that, reigning
afterwards in Dacia, or in Dannemarck, he
gave his own name to that province. Prom
these causes they are ignorant that they have
a Gothic origin. These Danes, who after-
wards increased so greatly in their population,
and because their islands were too fully sup-
plied with inhabitants, made a law that the
most daring of their youths should be com-
pelled to emigrate from their homes. By
such a compulsory lot, EoUo is asserted to
have become the first Duke of the Normans ;
a man fearless and mighty, who, at the bid-
ding of his father, who wished his eldest son
to succeed at home, was sent with a large
army, and resources of gold and silver, that
he should seek an heritage wherever fate
might grant it. Arriving in Neustria, he
brought the whole country of Normandy (so
named from these Normans,) under his rule.
From Kollo the renowned Dukes of Nor-
mandy took their origin, as will be declared
in its proper place in the following history.

Part I.
Chapter I.

J'ART I.

CHAPTER II.

PiET I.

Chapter II.

In the year of Abraham one hundred and
twenty, and of Isaac twenty, Ores began to
reign in Creta. From him Crete takes its
name ; and some say he was one of the Cu-
retes, by whom they relate that Jubiter, the
son of Saturn, was hidden and brought up.

In the year of Abraham five hundred and
sixty-four, and of Josua the twenty-second,
Jubiter, King of Crete, carried away Europa,
the daughter of Agenor, King of Libya.
From her he begat Eadamantlius, Serbedon,
and Mineon, who reigned in Crete after him.
Europa, however, was afterwards married to
Astreo, the King of the Cretans.

Jubiter, from the chosen daughter of At-
lantis, the King who first came to Dardanum as
King of the Phrygians, (begat) Dardanus,
who called it Dardaniam, from his own name.
Dardanus begat Ericthonius, Ericthonius begat
Troius, who was much praised for his justice
and piety, and who, to raise up an enduring
memorial of his name, called the country of
his native land Troy. Troius had two sons :
the eldest, Ilus, his first born, who afterwards
succeeded him ; and Duke Assaracus.

Ilus built a city called after his name.
Ilium, and he begat Laomedon, King, Lao-

After the destruction of the Tower of
Confusion (Babel), Noe, embarking with some
followers, arrived in Italy, and having built a
town of his own name, (Nola ?) there finished
his term of life. But Janus, with his grand-
son Jano, built the Janiculum, beyond the
Tiber, where is now the Church on the Ja-
niculum. About that time Nemorth, who
is also Saturnus, flying from his son Jove,
and arriving in the kingdom of Janus, built
a city, where is now the Capitol. In those
days, Italus also coming to Janus with the
Ciculi, (SicuH?) built the city Saturnum,
beside the Eiver Albula, afterwards named
Tiber, because King Tiber had been drowned
in it. Hercules also, the son of Italus, built
the town Galeria, underneath the Capitol.
Afterwards, King Tiberius, or Tiberus, came
from the East, and King Evander from Ar-
chadia, and built cities, as Virgil says.
After that Evander (succeeded),

" Founder of Rome's firm towers ;"

ViRGii. JSncM, Tin. 313.

whose scattered parts Eomulus afterwards
united into one walled city, and caused to
be inhabited by the noblest families of Italy.
Janus reigned first in Italy ; after him
Saturnus. But Saturnus, flying from his son
Jove, out of the island of Crete, concealed

PART I. CHArTER II.

medon begat Priam, King, who again (begat)
Hector and his brethren. Duke Assaracus
begat Capes ; Capes begat Anchises ; An-
chises begat iEneas, who betrayed the city
to the Greeks.

In the first year of Jeptha, of Abraham
eight hundred and nineteen, Peleus, King of
Peloponesus, the greatest of the kings of
Greece, fearing lest the illustrious youth
Jason, the son of his brother Esion, should
aspire to his kingdom after himself had been
expelled, persuaded Jason to seek among the
Colchian Islands the golden fleece, hoping
that the ruin of the young man might thus
be accomplished, either from the protracted
navigation, or in his contests with the natives.
Jason, however, departing with his companions,
landed first in Phrygia, where Laomedon was
then King. But driven from the coasts of
Phrygia, he came to Colchis, whose king he
conquered, and whose son he slew. He
carried off the golden fleece, and eloped with
Medea, the daughter of the king, whom he
took to wife. Having equipped fifteen ves-
sels, he landed in the night time in Phrygia,
where he slew Laomedon, the King, and laid
waste the town of Ilium. He seized Hesion,
the daughter of the king, whom he gave in
marriage to Telamon, one of his followers.
Upon hearing this, Priam, Laomedon's son,
began to strengthen Ilium with gates and
walls, and to reign.

In the year of Abraham eight hundred
and fifty, Ascanius, the son of iEneas, began
to reign in Italy, angl ruled twenty-eight years.
He abandoned the town of Lavinum, which
iEneas had built for himself, and founded
Alba Longa, on the banks of the Tiber, which

himself in these districts, (not far from tlie
city of Eome,) afterwards called Lavinium,
where he taught the ignorant natives to build,
to worship, and to plant, who heretofore had
hved upon acorns, and beneath sheds of (inter-)
woven leaves. He also first instituted brass
money, for which the multitude and the
peasantry worshiped him as a deity.

In the six hundredth year of Abraham,
of Debbora the first, the line of the Laurentii
began to rule in Italy ; and after the death
of Janus and Saturnus, who reigned a long
time, Picus, their son, began his reign.

In the year of Abraham seven hundred
and seventy-one, Faunus, the son of Picus,
ruled in Italy, under whom Evander, coming
from the confines of Archadia, received the
Palatine Fields and Hills.

The wife of this Faunus, named Fatua,
was frequently inspired with prophetic power ;
whence even now, those inspired are said to
be infatuated (fatuari).

From this Faunus' daughter and Her-
cules, who, after the conquest of Geryon, the
giant King of Spain, was then carrying his
flocks through Italy, in token of his victory,
Latinus was born out of wedlock, and after-
wards ruled there.

In the year of Abraham eight hundred
and sixteen, the nymph Carpentes or Nico-
strata, the mother of King Latinus, found
out the Latin letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G,
&c.

In the year of Abraham eight hundred
and nineteen, Latinus, the son of Carrmeutes,
the son of Faunus, began his reign in Italy,
in which he ruled thirty-two years ; from
whom the kingdom of the Latini took its
rise.

In the year of Abraham eight hundred

Paht I.
L'hapicr II.

PROFANE HISTORY.

Part I.
Chapter II.

became the second capital of this kingdom.
From this city tlie Latin kings were called
Albani. Ascanius educated his posthmnous
brother, Silvius, (born of his stepmother,
Lavinia, after his father's death,) with the
greatest care, who had his name because he
was brought up amidst woods. From him
the Latin kings were subsequently called Silvii.
To this same Silvius Posthumus Ascanius be-
queathed his kingdom, because his own son
Julus, fi'om whom the Julian family takes its
origin, was still of a tender age.

In the year of Abraham nine hundred
and twenty-four, iEneas Silvius, fourth of
the Latins, commenced his reign, and ruled
XXXI. years.

In the year of Abraham nine hundred
and eleven, of Samuel the second, Locrinus
began to reign over the third part of this
island (Britain) ; in whose first year, Alba-
nact being killed, and Camber dying, he
ruled ten years over the entire island, and
took Gwendolina, the daughter of Corineus,
to wife. He at the same time clandestinely
entertained Estrelda, upon whom he begat a
daughter, named Habren. He also begat a
legitimate son, named Maddeu. Upon Co-
rinseus' death, Gwendohna was forsaken, and
Estrelda received as queen. When Gwendo-
hna moved forces upon Cornwall, he collected
an army, but, a battle ensuing, Locrinus was
struck by an arrow and killed. Estrelda and
her daughter Habreu were thrown into the
river, which now, from the name of the
daughter Habreu, is called Sabrina (Severn).

In the year of Abraham nine hundred
and twenty-two, of Saul the first, Gwendo-

and eighty-eight, ^neas arriving in Italy,
after the destruction of Troy, was (found)
deserving of so much favour at the hands of
King Latinus, that he was received as a par-
ticipator in the kingdom ; and because he
was betrothed to Lavinia, the wife of Turnus,
King of the Tuscans, both became confede-
rates in a war (begun) by Turnus, on account
of being defrauded of his bride. In this war
Turnus and Latinus were killed, and therefore
iEneas gained the dominions of both, and
built a city named after his wife. He after-
wards waged war against Besencius, King of
the Tusci, and was slain, having left behind
him Ascanius, whom he had begotten at
Troy on Creusa, and Lavinia pregnant.

In the year of Abraham eight hundred
and twenty-six, of A(bimi)lesse the first, Pria-
mus, king of Frigia, or Troia, sent Antenor
to the Greeks, with the message that he would
pass over all former injuries in peace, if Esion,
his sister, now a long time carried oiF, should
be restored to him. On their refusal, he
prepared for war, setting his first-born. Hec-
tor, in command of the others. Alexander,
who is also (called) Paris, was sent with An-
tenor to the Greeks. He brings back with
him Helena, the wife of Menelaus. Priamus
applauds this, because he is likely thereby to
reobtain his sister Esion. But the king of
the Greeks arrived at Troy with forty-seven
ships, where they fought for ten years and
seven months. At the end of this period
Jineas and Antenor betrayed the city to the
Greeks, and flew for their own safety. Before
its surrender, one thousand one hundred and
seventy-eight thousand WQfe slain ; but after
its betrayal, two hundred and seventy-seven
thousand. Eneas, on account of the revela-
tions of Polyxene, was ordered to quit (the

PART I. CHAPTER 11.

lina, Queen, daughter of the Duke of Corn-
wall, reigned in Britain XV. years after the
death of her husband.

In the year of Abraham nine hundred
and thirty-sLx, of Saul the fifteenth. Madden,
the son of Locrinus, reigned in Britain forty
years, and begat Menipercius and Malus,
betwixt whom great dissension and discord
arose concerning the chief rule.

city), and the land being given to Anthenor,
it was taken. Troy was destroyed, from the
nativity of Abraham thirteen hundred, of
Abdon the second, of Latinus the thirtieth
year ; from the departure of Israel out of
Egypt three hundred and forty ; before the
building of the city about eight hundred and
thirty- three.

In the year of Abraham eight hundred
and eighty eight, of Eli, the priest, the
eighteenth, Brutus, the son of Silvius, the
son of Ascanius, according to our historians,
possessed himself of Britain. This Brutus,
who had killed his mother in childbirth, and,
when fifteen, his father also, whilst hunting,
was for this driven from Italy, and went into
Greece, where, by the help of the Trojans,
he killed Pandrasius, King of the Cretans,
and married his daughter Innogen, freed the
Trojans, and, as advised by the Oracle of
Diana, directed his course towards Africa.
Thence he penetrated to the Altars of the
Philonse, the Lake Salinas, the Eiver Malua,
and the Columns of Hercules. He also heard
the Sirens, (Sironum ?) and Corinteus then
joining him, he came to Armorica.

There Capharo, the Duke of the Pietavi,
being overcome, but Turnus, the nephew of
Brutus, being slain, he stretched with favour-
ing sails towards Albion, so called from its
white clifis, and landed on the shore at Toti-
ness (Totness), in Cornwall. Being made
monarch there, he first slew the inhabitant
giants. He called the island from his own
name, Britannia, and his followers Britones.
He gave up Cornubia to Corineus, and built
Trinovantum, or New Troy, now London, on

Part I.
Cliapter II.

10 PBOFANE HISTORY.

PiBT I. the Kiver Thames. He begot three children.

Chapter II. Locruius, Cambrus, and Albanacter. After

ruUng XXIIIJ. years, he died. After the death
of Brutus, his three children divided the
country amongst them : Locrinus, the first
born, had the centre part, namely, from the
Southern Sea to the Humber, which he called
from his name Loengria. Camber got that
portion which is beyond the Severn, and
(towards) the Eastern Ocean, called from his
name Cambria, but now Wallia. Albanact
went to the northern parts, which he named
Albanact, but now called Scotia.

He (Scaf), as they say, driven on to a
certain island of Germania without an oar,
and with a bundle of corn, which, in their
vernacular tongue is called Sheaf, whence
his name, Scaf, was discovered asleep by the
men of that country. This being looked
upon as miraculous, he was carefully educated
until his manhood, when he reigned in the
town now called Sleswick, or Haddebuy.
Formerly it was called Old England, whence
the Angles came into Britain, laying betwixt
the Goths and Saxons.

PART I.

CHAPTER III.

In the year of David xxvii., Menipercius
reigned in Britain twenty years. He invited
his brother Mains to a conference, as if for
reconciliation, and murdered him thus invited,
and so gained forcible possession of the king-
dom. He harassed the lower orders by many
acts of tyranny, and at last, having discarded
his wife, on whom he had begotten the excel-
lent youth Ebrancus, he indulged in the plague
of sodomy, and after the lapse of three years
was devoured by wolves whilst hunting.

In the year of David cxiu., Brutus with
the surname Greenshield (viridescutum), the
first-born of Eriincus, began to reign over
the Britons, and reigned xii. years.

In the year of David XV., Latinus Silvius,
fifth of the Latins, began to reign in Italy,
and reigned thirty years.

In the reign of David XLV., of Solomon
XV., Alba Silvia, sixth of the Latins, began
to reign in Italy, and reigned xxxix. years.

In the reign of David cv., Egiptus Silvius,
seventh of the Latins, began to reign in Italy,
and reigned xxiiu. years.

In the reign of David cxxvij.. Capes
Silvius, eighth of the Latins, began to reign
in Italy, and reigned xxvilJ. years. He built
the city of Capua.

In the year of David civ., Carpentes Sil-

In the year of David fifty-five, Ebrancus, ^^^ ^^
son of Menipercius, reigned over the Britons ^''"p"'"' '"•
sixty years ; a man powerful and comely.
From twenty wives, he begat twenty sons and
thirty daughters, of whom Gwalaes was the
fairest. His daughters he sent to Albus
Silvius, King of the Latins, that these might
be mixed with Trojan blood, as the Sabine
women had refiised their embraces. The
sons of this Ebrancus, under Duke Assaracus,
gained possession of part of Germany. Ebran-
cus built the city of Eboracum (York), beyond
the Humber ; on the borders of Northumbria,
and Albania, he fixed the town of Accluid
(Dumbarton) ; but below Albania he founded
the city of Virgins, now Edinburgdonum.
Afterwards he sent his fleet to the provinces
of the Gauls, which returned with great booty.

In the year of David cxxxvu., Leil, the
son of Brutus, began to reign, and reigned
over the Britons xxv. years. He was a
cultivator of peace and justice, and completed
a city of his own name, Caer-leil, in the
northern part of Britain.

In the year of David CLIJ., Eududibras
began his reign, and reigned xxxix. years.
He built three large cities, Canterbury, Win-
ton, and Septonia, or Shaftsbury.

In the year of David CLXXi., Bladud,

PEOFANE HISTORY.

pabt I. T/'ixis, ninth of the Latins, began to reign in
Chapter III. j^^^^^ ^^^ reigned XIIJ. years.

In the year of David CLXVIIJ., Tiberius
Silvius, son of Carpentes, tenth of the Latins,
began to reign, and reigned eight years. He
was thrown into the Tiber, which thence took
the name of Tiber: it was previously called
Albula.

In the reign of David CLXXVI. , Agrippa
Silvius, eleventh of the Latins, began to reign
in Italy, and reigned XL. years.

In the year of David ccxxi., Arenius,
or Acremulus Silvius, of the Latins xii.,
began to reign in Italy, and reigned XIX.
years.

In the year of David ccxxxv., Aventinus
Silvius, XIIJ. of the Latins, began to reign in
Italy, and reigned xxiiiJ. years. In his time
Fidon established for the Greeks weights and
measures.

In the year of David ccxix., Procas Sil-
vius, xiiiJ. of the Latins, began to reign in
Italy, and reigned XXIJ. years.

In the year of David CCXCI., Amilius Sil-
vius, XV. of the Latins, (Procas the Second
having been expelled,) reigned in Italy forty-
three years. But the years of his reign are
reckoned with those of his eldest brother,
Numitor. This Numitor, being driven from
his throne by his brother Amulius, retired to
his own estate. His daughter Piea, or Etilia,
admired for her beauty, was chosen a Vestal
Virgin. In the seventh year of her uncle's
reign, she was found pregnant of two boys,
Eomulus and Eemus, as she said, by Mars.
For this crime she was buried (alive) in the
earth, and the boys were exposed on the
banks of a river, Faustulus, shepherd of
the king's flocks, brought them to his wife,
who, on account of her beauty and libidinous

son of Eududibras, began his reign over the
Britons, and reigned xx. years. He built,
by necromantic art, according to Gaufridus
and Alfridus, the city of Bath, as also the hot
baths (there), serviceable for diseases. But
William of Malmsbury, in his Chronicle, says
that Julius Cffisar first discovered these baths ;
but this I do not think, but rather (prefer) the
above (facts) concerning this city.

In the year of David ccxi. , Leirus reigned
in Britain, and built Leicester, on the Eiver
Soar. He begot three daughters. Being
desirous of knowing which of them loved him
most, to his inquiry the two eldest, Goronella
and Eegan, answered that they loved him
beyond themselves : the youngest, Corderilla,
said, " As much you have (of worth), so
much you are valued, and so much I love
you." Upon hearing this, the indignant king
replied, " Thou hast no portion in my king-
dom." The Dukes of Cornwall and Albany
married the two eldest, mth half the island,
and the remainder in reversion on his death.
At length, however, the fame of Cordeha
reached the ears of Aganippus, King of the
Franks, who immediately sent an embassy to
demand her in marriage for their king. King
Leir willingly agreed to their demand, but
without land or dowry. After a short space
of time, the (two) Dukes rose against him,
deprived him of (his part of) his kingdom,
allowing only the stipends of forty knights
during his lifetime : but afterwards, when he
was entirely driven away by them, he sought
out Corderilla, by whom he was honourably
entertained ; and by the assistance of Aga-
nippus he conquered both dukes, and regained
his land. Three years afterwards he died,
and was buried by his daughter in certain

PART I. CHAPTER HI.

industry, was called Lupa : whence even to
our times brothels are called Lupinaria. The
boys, however, when they grew to man's
estate, collected a number of shepherds and
inhabitants of Latium, and slew Amintor at
the river Alba, and reinstated Numitor in his
kingdom. Nevertheless, whether the afore-
said female was called Lupa or not, ancient
monuments in marble and stone represent
those boys suckled by a real wolf.

In the year of David cccxxxiiu., Eome
was founded by the two brothers, Eemus and
Eomulus, on Mount Palatine, the eleventh of
the kalends of May, from which year the date
of Eomulus' reign is reckoned. For under
Eomulus' rule, Eemus was killed by Duke
Fabius with a labourer's spade ; whether this
was done with Eomulus' privity I know not:
the cause of his death was, that, judging the
wall of the new city insufficient for its defence,
Eemus, in inconsciousness, as a proof leaped
over it.

Chapter III.

underground vaults by the Kiver Soar, near ''*'" '•
Leicester.

Queen Corderilla, daughter of Leir, reigned
five years after her father's death. The sons
of her sisters disquieted and afflicted her whole
reign.

Gunedagius reigned xxxiij. years : for he
killed his brother Morgan, who had revolted,
near Glamorgan, in Wales, from which event
that whole district is still called the country
of Morgan.

In the year of David CCCX., on the death
of Gunedagius, his son Eivallo followed: a
youth always fortunate, and who governed his
kingdom with care. In his time fell a bloody
rain, and a great plague of flies and mortality
(happened) amongst men.

To him succeeded Gurgustius, his son ;
to him Sisillius ; to him Jago, grandson of
Gurgentius ; to him Kynmarchus, the son of
Sisillius ; to him Gorbodius ; two sons fol-
lowed him, Terrex and Porrex. Porrex,
however, inflamed with the desire of govern-
ing, murdered his brother. For this his
mother, Judon, who loved her murdered son
Torrex best, killed him when asleep, having
attacked him with aid of her maids, and torn
him piecemeal. Afterwards civil discords
afflicted the nation for a long period, and
five kings ruled in the land, who harassed
one another with frequent forays, to the days
of Molmucius Dunwallo, who, having put to
death the other four kings, reigned alone.

Eomulus, therefore, the first of the Eomans, from whom the Latins are called the
Eomans, named the city Eome, after his own name, and brought thither inhabitants from
all quarters. He elected one hundred of the elders, by whose counsel he ordered all matters :
those he called Senators, because seniors, and Fathers, on account of the analogy of their
cares. He chose one thousand warriors, whom from their number (mille) he called milites
(soldiers). Titus Livius and some others mention that, when taking the census, on the

PROFANE HISTORY.

Past 1.
Chapter III.

Caprae Moors, he was suddenly covered with a thick watery cloud, and hidden from sight.
But Augustin, in his " Civitate Dei," seems to agree with others, that, being stricken by a
thunder-bolt, he was so crushed that no part of his body could be found; or, as some of
the Eomans suggest, he was hewn to pieces. Eomulus, however, after he had been (thus)
unjustly destroyed at Caprse (as above related), in the thirty-ninth year of his reign, was
thought to have passed to the Gods, and was deified under the name of Quirinus. For
about a year and a half after his death, the state was governed by the Senators, which
space of time is called broken (interremptum).

In the year of David ccCLXXin., of the
building of Eome xxxix., Numa Pompeius
began to rule this Eoman settlement, and
reigned xliij, years. He gave the Eomans
laws and customs ; he rebuilt the Capitol
from its foundation ; he invented money,
called from his name Nwmus. The word
pecunia signifies that money was first made
from the skins of animals (pecudum). Sa-
turn afterwards coined money from brass ;
but our Numa from silver, whence, from
Numa, numus is derived.

In the year of the building of Eome
CCLXXXV., Dunwallo, the son of Molmucius,
King of Cornwall, began to reign over the
Britons ; and after he had slain the kings of
Loengria, Cambria, Northumbria, and Alba-
nia, became sole monarch of the island. He
had a golden diadem made, and he framed
the laws called Molmutine, which Gildas after-
wards reduced into Latin, and subsequently
King Alured translated from Latin into Eng-
lish. This (prince) died after he had reigned
fifteen years. This is he who assigned temples
to the Gods, and (decreed) the plough of the
husbandman, cities, and the roads leading to
them, inviolate.

PART I.

CHAPTER IV.

In the year of David CCCCJ. , of the build-
ing of the city LXViiJ., Tullius Hostilius,
third of the Eomans, began to reign, and
reigned xxxilJ. years. He first introduced
to the Eomans the purple and the fasces.
He, after a long peace, again undertook a
war, and conquered the Albani and Fide-
nates, but perished at last with his habita-
tion, stricken by a thunder-bolt.

In the year of David CCCCXLVIU. , of the
building of the city cxv., Ancus Marcius,
fourth of the Eomans, began to reign, and
reigned XXIIJ. years. He was grandson of
Numa, by a daughter.

In the year of David CCCCLXXXI., of the
building of the city CXXXVIIJ., Tranquinius,
fifth of the Eomans, began to reign, and he
reigned xxxviu. years. He doubled the num-
ber of the Senators, instituted the games, built
the walls and sewers, and was at length slain
by the sons of Ancus.

In the year of the building of the city
CLXXIIJ., fi-om the Babilonian captivity XIIJ.,
Servus Tullius, YJth of the Eomans, the son
of Capente began to reign, and reigned xxxiu.
years. He added three hills to the city,
namely, the Quirinal, the Esquiline, and the
Viminal, and surrounded the city with ditches.
He first introduced a census amongst the Eo-
mans. At length he was slain by the base-

In the year of the building of the city ^*!I '•
CCCXXVJ. , of the Babilonian captivity CCLXVI., ""'^'""^ ^^'
Belinus, the son of Molmucius, reigned in
Britain ; reserving to himself Loengria, Cam-
bria, and Cornubia, but relinquishing the
Northumbrian country and Albania to his
brother Brennus. After reigning peacably in
his territory for fifteen years, Brennus revolted
against Belinus, but, becoming penitent, fled
before him to Deguinus, Duke of the Allo-
brages, or Little Britain, whose daughter,
and, after his death, whose kingdom, was
given to him. The year after he had gained
it, he passed with the Gauls and Allobroges
into Britain, to make war upon his brother;
but their mother, now aged, with dishevelled
hair, and those breasts bare with which she
had given suck to both brothers, made peace
between them. The next year, the brothers
unitedly attacked the Gauls, trampled down
the Germans, and finally besieged Eome.
Belinus, on his return to Britain, built the
city of Car-usk, on the river Usk, near Gla-
morgan, which now is the city of Legions ;
and in North Wales is another city of the
Legions, now Chester, whose founder is un-
known.

In the year of the building of the city
CCCLXXXIIJ. , of the Babilonian captivity CLXX. ,
Gurgeucinus Bartirius, son of Belinus, a

PEOFANE HISTORY.

Past 1. ness of Tarqubius Superbus, his son-in-law.
Chapter IV. geyenty thousand was then the number of the
Roman citizens.

In the year of the building of the city
ccvil., from the Babilonian captivity xlvij.,
Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, VII. and last of
the Eomans, began to reign, and reigned
XXXI. years. He first amongst the Romans
invented various kinds of punishments, as
chains, bull's scourges, plates and prisons,
handcuffs, fetters, banishment, and irons.
But as his sons had forcibly deflowered Lu-
cretia, the wife of CoUatinus, the Roman
army, after storming the town of Ardea,
went away from him, and he found the gates
of Rome shut against him when he returned.
Tarquinius Superbus, being thus expelled,
with wife and children, after reigning XXXV.
years, two Consuls were taken for one king.
They were so created for this reason, that if
one should misconduct himself, he might be
restrained by the other. When Trauquinius
CoUatinus, the second Consul, was chosen,
the dignity was offered him in spite of his
name, as he was called Tranquinius, and it
had been determined that none bearing this
name should remain in the city.

Brutus, the other Consul, died so poor,
that unless money had been collected from
the people (his funeral) could not have taken
place.

In the year of the building of the city
CCLiiiJ., from the Babilonian captivity xciiiJ.,
the Roman people made a revolt, so much
were they oppressed by the Senate and the
Consuls.

In the year of the building of the city
CCCCLXV., from the Babilonian captivity
CCCIIJ., Morindus the Cruel reigned over
the Britons : he was the son of Danius, be-

moderate and prudent man, loving peace and
justice, reigned ever the Britons. When his
neighbours turned against him, he, bearing
in mind the fortitude and example of his
father, met them in battle ; and when the
king of the Daci refused him the accustomed
tribute, he subdued him. On his return to
Britain, he met thirty ships coming from
Spain, filled with Basques, whom, with Bar-
tolomeus, their leader, he sent into those
parts of Ireland then destitute of inhabitants.

In the year of the building of the city
CCCCVIIJ., of the Babilonian captivity CCXLVIIJ. ,
Eidythenius, son of Gurgencius, reigned over
the Britons, whose wife, Mercia, imbued with
almost every science, published that code of
laws called by the Saxons the Mercen-lage.
This same Mercia reigned a short time after
the death of her husband, because their son
Sisillus was only seven years old. Afterwards
this Sisillus succeeded ; then Sisillus Bymar-
chus ; after whom his brother Danius ; and
after him Morindus the Cruel.

In the year of the building of the city
DCCXCVIJ., of the Babilonian captivity
ccxxxvij., the Consular power ceased, and
Decemviri were created, instead of two Con-
suls. But the second year afterwards, one
of them, Appius Claudius, he who brought
the Claudian Waters to Rome, and built the
Appian Way, sought with corrupt intent
to tempt the virgin daughter of a warrior,,
whom her father stabbed. This caused a
tumult, wherein the power was taken from
the Decemvirs : tribunes of the people and
^diles were created, and Consuls re-esta-
blished.

In the year of the building of the city
DCCCXCIJ., from the Babilonian captivity
DXXXIJ., Caius JuHus Cesar was chosen

PABT I. CHAPTER IV.

gotten on his concubine, Trangusttla, After
many barbarities, he was destroyed by a sea
monster. He left five sons, of whom Gor-
bidianus, a lover of equity, the eldest, reigned
a short time after : he constantly conferred
on his gods their due honours, and on his
people strict justice ; he restored the temples
in all his cities ; and during his reign intro-
duced more riches into the island than any
other country possessed. He also held the
country people to agriculture, by protecting
them from the oppression of their Lords : he
distributed gold and silver among his war-
riors, so that none had reason to do injury
to any one. Amidst such and similar public
benefits he paid the debt of nature, and was
buried in the city of the Trinovantes.

After Gorbidianus (came) his brother,
Argallo, who, in all his actions, differed
fi'om him ; for he tried to put down the
mighty on all occasions, and to raise the
humble ; from the rich to take what they
had, so that they revolted against him, and
drove him from his throne.

On the deposition of Argallo, Elidurus I.,
the third brother, was substituted in the king-
dom ; who, after possessing the government fif-
teen years, when hunting in the forest of Gual-
tres — (this by Euver is now called Saltres,
near York ; by Geoffiy, however, stated as
near Acluid, in Ingwilwode,) — met his brother
Argallo, lately driven fi-om the throne, wan-
dering about : he had him concealed in his
chamber, and, feigning illness, called the prin-
cipal men of the kingdom to him, and forced
them to restore his brother. Argallo, how-
ever, dying ten years subsequently, Elidurus
was again restored. But the two remaining
brothers, Vigennius and Peridrius, expelled
him from the city of the Trinovantes, and

Consul, and Gaul and Illyrium were decreed ^"^I '
to him for ten years. For nine years he *'''"
waged the most important wars against the
Gauls and Germans : he destroyed ccccxi.
milia Germans, who had passed the Ehine
to conquer Gaul. He subdued the Seuvi,
and afterwards conquered all Gaul, and made
Britain tributary by the delivery of hostages.
For such purpose he fought three battles
there very ill. In this year, the sixtieth
before the incarnation of Christ, according to
Bede, he entered Britain to subdue it, as
appears by the sequel.

Julius, as Consul, whilst he was waging
war against the Germans and Gaul, who
fought only along the Ehine, came to the
Moriani, and having fitted out there thirty
ships, with their transports and tenders, was
carried over into Britain. There he was
first harassed by smart skirmishes ; then he
lost great part of his ships and horse ; so that,
turning his back, he went to Gaul, and sent
some of his military legions into winter quar-
ters : but vessels being again procured, he
lost on his voyage to the warlike Britons
eleven ships in a storm, and after being first
vanquished, and his lieutenant, Labienus,
being slain, he with difficulty in another
encounter put the Britons to flight : for the
Britons had fortified the banks of the Eiver
Thames, at the place Julius attempted to
pass, with sharpened piles, of which pieces
of the bigness of a human thigh, cased with
metal, may still be seen fixed in the ground.
This was observed by the Eomans, who
avoided the danger, and gained possession of
the town of the Trinovantes, by the zeal of
Androgens, with fifteen hostages ; and then they
took the rich and well fortified residence of
Cassibelanus, situated amidst marshes. Cesar

PROFAKE HISTORY.

Part I. threw him into prison. After they had suc-

ciiapter . ggggjygiy reigned, and were dead, EUdurus

was called out of prison, and a third time

restored to the throne, till death put an end

to his pure life.

After the death of Elidurus, the son of
Gorbidianus, called Regun, undertook to reign,
who equalled his uncle in wisdom and pru-
dence ; for, eschewing all tyranny, he exer-
cised mercy and justice towards all his sub-
jects, so that he never deviated from the
path of rectitude.

This king Eegun being dead, Morganus,
the eldest born of Argallo, succeeded to the
government ; who, after the example of his
kinsmen, ruled the kingdom and people of Bri-
tain with mildness. Guiannianus, his brother,
followed, but, differing from him widely in the
treatment of his subjects, was deposed from
the royal seat. This King Guiannianus being
dethroned, Bowallo, the son of Vigerius, fol-
lows, who, warned by the example of his pre-
decessor, cultivated right and rectitude. I'o
him succeeded Euno, the son of Peridrius;
to him Carstellus, his son ; to him Coelus ;
to him Porrex ; then Cherin ; he had three
sons, who each ruled by turns. Afterwards,
Varianus Androgens' sons : next Eliud ; then
Eleutherus ; then Ehdanthus ; then Clothen ;
then Burgwencius ; then Morianus ; then Bla-
did ; to him Cauper ; to him Auris ; and then
Lesellus : then Bledgarberd ; — he so greatly
excelled all the singers whom this latter age
has produced, in his notes, and on musical
instruments, that he was called the king of
actors. His son Achmael reigned after him :
to him succeeded Eldol ; to him Bidion ;
to him Eedarchus ; to him Samuel ; to him
Penissel; to him Pir ; to him Capon; to
him Vignellus, in every respect moderate and

after that left Britain, and returned into Gaul,
where he was untiringly harassed by continual
outbreaks of war. In Britain he was twice
routed by Cassibelanus : but as, on account of
the grandson of Cassibelanus, whom the grand-
son of Androgens had killed in a wrestling
match, that king and Androgens had great
dissensions, and Julius, on the invitation of
Androgeus, conquered Britain, and made
Cassibelanus tributary.

Woden, deducing his origin from an
ancient German race, was, after his death,
raised amongst the Gods. Our ancestors,
revering him as a deity, dedicated the fourth
day in the week to him, which they called
Wodensday, or Wednesday, after his name.

He had a wife, Frea by name, to whom
our ancestors, according to their wont, dedi-
cated the sixth day, and called it Friday,
after her name.

Woden, the King, begat on Frea, his
wife, seven famous sons, from whose pos-
terity seven kings arose, who ruled powerfully
in Britain after the expulsion of the Britons.

From Wecca, the eldest, the kings of the
Cantuarii.

From Firthgeath, the kings of the Mercii.

From Valday, the kings of the East
Saxons.

From Beldag, the kings of the Northum-
brians.

From Wedgay, the kings of the Deirians.

From Kasero, the kings of the Oriental
Angle, of whom Saint Edward was the last.

From Nastad, the kings of the Oriental
Saxons.

PART I. CHAPTER IV. " 19

Paht I.

prudent, who especially governed his subjects And the eighth king of the South Saxons

with impartial justice. To him succeeded his was from the same nation, but not of their *''""'""" '^'

son Heh, who ruled the kingdom forty years lineage.

with great renown. He begat three sons,

Lud, Cassibelanus, and Nennius, of whom

Lud, the eldest, succeeded him, and after

him Cassibelanus, the first (British) king who

paid tribute to the Romans.

Part I.
Chapter V.

PART I.

CHAPTER V.

The civil war betwixt Julius and the people originated in this manner :
"In the year of the building of the city Dccxx., from the Babilonian captivity dxlij.,
Caius Julius Cesar, after a ten years' struggle, in which he subdued Gaul, Germany, and
Britain, looked for a triumph, or the honours due to such great victories. But Pompey,
Cato, and Marcellus were opposed to (granting) it, and ordered him, after disbanding his
army, to return to the city. When, however, on his return to Eome, he had approached the
Alps, he gave orders to Pompey, whose daughter he had married, to prepare for him
the triumph. Pompey, who fancied that his own dignity would thereby be clouded, with
the consent of the Senate, refused. JuUus, enraged at this, hastened against Pompey, who
in alarm fled with the Senate and his advisers into Greece, where he prepared for a contest
with Julius, who, when he had entered the vacated city, broke into the public treasury,
and took from it four thousand one hundred and thirty pounds of gold, and ninety thousand
of silver. Looking upon the state of things in the city as a peace, he took possession of all
the dignities. He then went to Spain, where he crushed a very strong force of Pompey's,
with three of its commanders ; and sailing thence to Greece, he waged war against Pompey.
In their first encounter, Cesar was worsted, but, the night supervening, Pompey would not
risk a pursuit ; whence Julius said, " Pompey knew not how to conquer : on that day only
was he (Cesar) able to be overcome." In the subsequent battle in Thessaly, the army of
Pompey fled, after its camp had been stormed ; and Pompey himself fled to Ptolomey, to
sohcit succours. But the King, guided more by events than by friendship, caused him to
be murdered : his head and ring were sent to Julius, who, at the sight of them, shed tears.

Lud, the first-born of Heli, reigned over Cassibelanus, when he assumed the mo-

the Britons after his father, and was a famous narchy of the entire kingdom, and did not

builder of cities, renewing the walls of Trino- turn it over to his nephews, willed not, how-

vantum, and surrounding it with innumerable ever, that the youths should be destitute of

towers. He ordered its Council so to build possessions, but transferred to them a large

their abodes and edifices, that in the oldest tract ; for he gave the city of the Trino-

kingdoms no city might contain more beautiful vantes, with the Dukedom of Kent, to An-

structures. He was a man given to wars, drogeus, and the Dukedom of Cornwall to

PABT T. CHAPTEE V,

and liberal in bestowing rewards. But though
he had other cities, still he loved this before
all the rest. From him it was afterwards
called Kair Lud, or the town of Lud ; subse-
quently, on the change of language, Lundon,
and after that, by foreigners, Lundres, as
they in their vernacular added an s.

After his death, his body was buried in
the above city, near the gate, still from his
name called by the Britons Lud-gate. He
had two sons, Androgeus and Tenancius, in
whose place (as because of their age they
could not carry on the government,) Cassi-
belanus was substituted.

In the year of the building of the city
DCCXLIIIJ., from the Babilonian captivity
DLXXXiiiJ., Kymbelline, the brother of Ten-
ancius, reigned over the Britons. In his fifth
year, Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the age,
was born, in the xxist year of Herod, and
the beginning of the XLVI. year of Octavianus,
who began his reign in March of the year of
the building of the city, DCCLI. Kymbelline
begat Gwyderius and Arviragus, who suc-
cessively reigned after him.

In the year of grace XLVI., and fourth
of Claudius Cesar, in the reign of Gwyderius,
the first-born of Kymbelline, who refused the
tribute, Claudius Cesar passed over into Britain,
and obtained it without a battle. His Duke,
Lelius Hamo, killed King Gwyderius near Por-
chester. This Hamo was killed at the haven
of Hamonis (so called after him), by Arviragus.
Cesar, after warlike conflicts of varying for-
tune, received Arviragus, the brother of Gwy-
derius, into favour, and gave his daughter
Gewissa (brought from Eome,) to King Arvi-
ragus in marriage ; and, willing to make the
place of their nuptials famous, called it Clau-
diocestre, which in British is Kaer-clau-dyr, or

Tenancius, though himself, as invested with ^""^ '■
the diadem, governed supreme over them '-''"'"'" ^•
and all the other princes throughout the
island. He twice routed Julius Cesar ; but
in their third encounter was, through Andro-
geus, beaten and made tributary for the seven
subsequent years. Tenancius, his nephew,
Duke of Cornwall, succeeded, because An-
drogeus was well provided for by Cesar at
Eome.

In the year of Eome DCXCL, from the
Babilonian captivity DXXXVi., Caius Julius
Cesar, after the death of Pompey, and after
he had attained the Consulate and Dictator-
ship, was first of all the Eoman leaders called
Imperator and Cesar : Imperator, because of
his sole rule in the monarchy ; and Cesar,
because he was cut (cesus) from the womb of
his dead mother. His successors were called
not only Cesares and Imperatores, but also,
from their augmenting the empire, Augusti.
But because when he distributed arbitrarily
those honours which had been formerly be-
stowed by the voice of the people, and because
amongst other tyrannical acts not rising
to the Senate when it waited upon him, a
conspiracy was formed against him by CCLX.
Senators, (instigated) principally by the two
Brutus'. Eeturning to the Capitol, he fell
(pierced) by the mortal wounds of twenty-
three swords, on the kalends of May ; and
letters were found on him after death, giving
him notice of the danger.

On the column of Julius, where now is
seen the steeple of Saint Peter's fane, the
ashes of his body were deposited, and there
was this metrical inscription : —

Tantus Cesar eras quantus et orbis
Sed nunc in modica clauderis uma.

PROFANE HISTORY.

Part I. j.]^g pjj.y q£ Ckudius ; afterwards it was called
Chapter . QiQ^gggter, OF Glovemia, from the conquest
of a certain Duke Glora, who was said to
have been begotten there by Claudius Cesar.
On the return of Claudius, and when Arvi-
ragus had broken his promise, the commander
Vespasian was sent from Eome, who subdued
the king and kingdom, and first of all reduced
the Isle of Wight, near the south coast of
Britain.

In the year of grace LXViu., of Nero
MliiJ., Marcus, the son of Arviragus, began
to reign in Britain, and reigned xxxu. years.
In his time the Picts arrived in Britain, whose
King was called Eoderic, whom Marius slew.
He had afterwards a part of Albania allotted
to the Picts, called Cathenesis, for their abode.
As they had no wives, he fetched them wives
from Ireland ; and from these Picts and Irish
wives the Scots originated, who were so called
because formed of different nations.

In the year of grace LVii. , Nero, the son
of Domicius and Agrippina, the sister of
Caius, and son-in-law of Claudius, began his
reign, and reigned nearly four years. He
was a most successful practiser on musical
instruments ; so much so, that it flattered
him to be held in public estimation as the
prince of harp-players; and to preserve his
voice, he used clysters and emetics. He put
no garment on a second time ; and to witness
the spectacle of a burning Troy, he set on fire
the greatest part of Eome for six days. He
was so luxurious as to be anointed with hot
and cold unguents. He took a man as a
wife, and was himself received as wife by a
man. He caused the womb of his mother,
Agrippina, to be ripped open, that he might
view the place of his conception : he caused
many nobles to be executed, as well as his

In the year of the building of the city
DCC, of the Babilonian captivity DXLVIIJ.,
after the murder of Julius Cesar, Octavianus
Augustus, of a Eoman family born, of his
father Octavius, a Senator, and on the
mother's side sprung from Eneas, through
the Julian family ; the nephew of Julius
Cesar, and his son by adoption, and by will
his heir, began to reign, in March. In the
beginning of his forty-second year, and the
sixth from the birth of John the Baptist, on
the viiJ. of the kalends of April, on the sixth
day, and twelfth indiction, was born at Naza-
reth, of a virgin mother, recently married
to Joseph, Christ, perfect man in body and
spirit. And so was finished the fifth age of
the world.

In the year of grace C, and of the Em-
peror Neron the first, Coillus, the brother of
Marcius, began to reign in Britain. Sheltered
from infancy in Eome, he punctually discharged
the tribute (due) to the Eomans, and passed a
quiet life. Some say the city of Colchester,
at present the principal city of the East Angh,
was built by him.

In the year of grace clxij., Lucius, his
famous son, began his reign, as first Christian
king of the Britains : for in the xxllJc? year
of his reign, and after the lapse from the
nativity of Christ CLXV., and after seventy-
five Pagan kings, the Divine mercy settling
down on this kingdom, he sent to Pope Eleu-
therus to receive Christianity. The sainted
Pope, knowing the devotion of the King, sent
to him two Doctors, Paganinus and Duinarinus,
to convert the king to Christ, and to wash
him in the salutary ablution. This ceremony
subsequently took place at Galesia. Twenty-
eight bishoprics were founded and inaugurated
there, under three archbishops ; the first was

PART I. CHAPTER V.

own mother Agrippina; (also) the sister of
his father, his wife, and Livia the wife of
Ootavianus, and Seneca once his tutor ; nay,
he even ordered the holy Apostles Peter and
Paul to he executed. On the day of their
martyrdom, he heard that Lirinus had been
created Emperor in Spain, on which he lost
his senses. Being afterwards deposed for
his malversation of the government, he was
declared by the Senate an outlaw, and, flying
to the country seat of his Freedman at the
fourth mile-stone, he killed himself, in the
thirty-second year of his age ; and with him
the family of Augustus Cesar ended.

In the year of grace cxcv., Severus,
Senator, afterwards Emperor, on the death
of King Lucius without posterity at Claudio-
castre, came into Britain with two legions,
because there was a great revolt amongst the
Britons, and the Roman authority was much
weakened. He subsequently built the wall
betwixt Deira and Albania at the public
expense ; and encountering Fulgencius, the
King of the Picts, in battle, was slain, and
buried, leaving two sons, Bassianus and Geta.

In the year of grace ecu., Bassianus,
King of the Britons, having assumed the
name of Antoninus, gained the empire, which
he enjoyed about seven years. He was called
Marcus Aurelius, and Caracalla, from some
kind of a garment he had sent for from Eome.
He was a thoroughly bad man, in manners
more coarse than his father, and such an
ungovernable libertine, that he took to wife
his stepmother. Concerning the place of his
burial authors disagree.

After the death of Severus, he left two
sons, Bassianus from a British, and Geta
from a Roman mother ; the Britons elected
Bassianus, the eldest, from the British

at Londoina, to which Loegria was subjected ;
the second at York, to which Deira with
Albania was subjected ; the third in Cam-
bria, where is the city of Legions : that such
a city was once situate on the River Severn,
its walls and edifices still testify. The same
Lucius ordained that a culprit, convicted of
whatsoever crime, who might take refuge at
Galesia, or in its cemetery, should be there
free of all men. After the death of Lucius,
his kingdom, from want of heirs, remained
four years in abeyance, to the arrival of Seve-
rus, after whose death his son Bassianus suc-
ceeded him for seven years.

The Roman Senate, hearing that Carencius
had usurped the rule in Britain, sent Allectus,
with three legions, into Britain, to kill the
tyrant Carencius. After his death, Allectus
reigned for the space of three years, and then
the Roman authority was reinstated here.
Allectus, however, having illtreated these
Britons lately, the adherents of Carencius,
Asclepiodorus, Duke of Cornwall, was elected
to the government ; and in his third year he
slew Allectus near London ; but Gallus, the
ally of Allectus, after an obstinate siege in
London, where the Venodoci rose against
him, was slain near the torrent below London,
which from his name was called Gallbrock
(Wallbrook), and Asclepiodorus ruled in Bri-
tain for some years, to the time of Dioclesian.
Then Celus, Duke of Colchester, killed Ascle-
piodorus : the same person whom Giraldus
and GeofFry call a Duke of Cornwall, but
holy Bede, in Book I., cap. vi., following
Eutropius, in his history of the Romans, says
was Praetorian Praefect.

In the year of grace CCLXV., Philipp, with
Philipp his son, ruled seven years. He was
the first of all the Roman emperors baptised

PiKT I.

Chnpter V.

PROFANE HISTORY.

Paet 1.
Chapter V.

mother ; but the Eomans elected Geta, who
was from both parents of their nation. The
two encountered each other, when Geta was
slain, and Bassianus gained the victory. Eu-
tropius, indeed, in his Eoman History, feels
convinced that this same Geta was slain at
the city of Edessa, whilst he was on an expe-
dition against the Parthians. Geoffry, in his
History of the Britons, says Geta was mur-
dered by Carencius the Tyrant. Under the
reign of Bassianus, Carencius, a man sprung
from the lowest orders of the Britons, but,
ready both in mind and in action, obtained
from the Senate that he should superintend
the coasts, then infested by the Franks and
Saxons. In this command he acted more in
the interest of the province than of the com-
monwealth, for he expelled the Eomans from
the island, killed Bassianus, and enjoyed the
government for the space of seven years :
for the Picts, whom Fulgencius, the uncle of
Bassianus, had collected from Cithea (Scythia)
and elsewhere, were, by the bribes of Caren-
cius, (instead of assisting Bassianus, cor-
rupted, so that they deserted him, and in
the very battle fell upon his men})

by the beatified martyr Poncius : he became
so stedfast in the Catholic faith, that, having
confessed his sins promptly, he communicated
in the presence of the congregation at the
Easter festival.

His son Philipp, a Christian at fifteen
years, was of so austere a mind that by no
means could he be brought to laugh, and
when once his father laughed loudly, he
averted his face from him. He was always
striving against vice, and struggled to so tread
in the difiicult (path of) virtue. In the fifth
year of these Emperors, the millennary year
of the building of the city was completed.

■ An inspection of the RoU wiU shew that this sentence is imperfect ; and its sense has had to be supplied from
a similar relation in Geoffry of Monmouth's Chronicle. The reason of this hiatus seems to have been, that, at the
bottom of each parchment, a line was omitted, to be inserted after they had been joined together, at the same time
that the initials were illuminated. Both have been left undone.

PAET I.

CHAPTER VI.

In the year of grace cclxxviij., during
the reign of Celus over the Britons, the Eo-
mans sent the Senator Constans to subdue
him, and to enforce the tribute which he had
withheld. Celus died a month after his arri-
val, when Constans gained the throne, and
took to wife Helen, the daughter of the above
Celus, of whom he begat Constantine the
Great, afterwards Emperor, in whom centered
the power of the whole world. She was that
sainted Helena who discovered the holy cross,
and the nails by which Christ was fastened.

In the year of grace cccxiij., Saint Sil-
vester, who sat in Saint Peter's chair after
Miltiades about twenty-four years, cured
Constantine the Great of an obstinate leprosy
by baptism, and liberated Eome from the
power of a dragon. He brought the defunct
Taurus to life by his prayers, and celebrated,
with about cccxviu. Bishops, the first great
Nicene Council. He ordained that Thurs-
days and the sixth Sabbath should be kept
holy, because (Christ) on that day instituted
the holy sacrifice of his body, on which also
he ascended to heaven, and his holy baptism
was also received on that day.

In the year of grace ccclxxxvi., Maxi-
mus, an upright and energetic man, dared to

In the year of grace cccv., Constantine ^^^^ ^
the Great, the son of Constancius, gained the chaptTr vi
kingdom of Britain, and endeavoured to rule
in tranquillity and honour. In the second
year of his reign, he was raised from king
to emperor, and ruled thirty years and ten
months, two years conjointly with Galerius,
and twenty-eight alone. He expelled Ma-
gaelius, through whom Saint Catherine had
suffered, and restored all the proscribed Sena-
tors : lastly, he governed the universal mo-
narchy in peace.

In the year of grace CCCXV., he founded
the famous city called after him at Byzantium,
in Thrace, which he made the seat of the
Roman rule, and the capital of the East,
Rome, the head of the world, he left to the
holy Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul. He
also removed the more noble of the Roman
inhabitants, and almost the entire Senate, to
his second Rome, or Constantinople, which
he had built ; and died in the year of grace
cccxxxvi., at Nicomedia. In this same year
Saint Jerome was born.

In the year of grace cccxiiiJ., the seventh
of Constantine, as Britain had no king, a cer-
tain Duke of the Gewissi, by name Oceannius,
seized the throne. Upon news of this, Con-
stantine sent Traheru to recover the island
under the power of the Romans. When

PEOFANE HISTORY.

Part I. i^jgak his military oath, and was made Em-
chspter . ^^^^^ ^^ ^ seditioii of the soldiery. He went
into Gaul forthwith, and infected Gaul and
Germany with grievous conflicts ; alarming
the Emperor Gratian by a sudden movement,
he killed him at Lyons, and drove his brother
Valentinian from Italy. He, flying straight-
ways to Theodosius, in the Orient, was kindly
received. For Maximus, being shortly after
shut up by the strategy of Theodosius in
Aquileja, was there put to death.

In the year of grace ccclxxx., the British
King Octavianus, now advanced in years, in-
vited, by the advice of his elders, from Eome,
the Senator Maximus, the son of Joel, the
uncle of Saint Helena, to receive the govern-
ment of Britain, and his only daughter. On
this accoimt Conan, the King's nephew, who
aspired to the crown, was engaged in frequent
conflicts with the aforesaid Maximus. Both
parties being at length appeased, they took
their conjoint forces out of the country, and
seized Armorica, where Maximus put Conan
in as king, whilst he followed the Emperor
Gracian and Valentinian, but so that he even
lost the third part of the empire to which he
had aspired.

In the year of grace ccccxx., when the
death of the tyrant Maximus became known,
the Counts Bailiff's of Gracian, but not then
of Valentinian, Guanius and Melga, returned
from Ireland, with their Scots and Picts and
Northumbrians, who distressed the kingdom
of Britain with fire and sword from sea to sea.
For this reason the Britons send to the Ko-
mans, promising a lasting submission, and
asking for aid, Hondrius (Honorius?) sent
them without delay a legion, which dispersed

Traheru arrived, he took the city of Kaer-
peris, now called Porchester, in three days.
Octavius, hearing this, threw himself before
Traheru, and put him to flight, after a battle ;
but Traheru, having drawn reinforcements to
himself from Westland, conquered Octavius,
and put him to flight, recovering his diadem
and kingdom.

In the year of grace cccxci., after Tra-
heru's death, and the Komans were expelled,
Octavius gained the kingdom, and ruled there
many years in peace. Conanus, king of
Armorica, or Little Britain, averse to Gaulic
marriages, demanded from Demnotus, King
of Cornwall, wives to be married to his
people, and he (Demnotus) forthwith fixed
on his very beautiful daughter Ursula, with
eleven thousand virgins ; but some of them,
from severe storms, were drowned, some were
driven among barbarous nations, but some
were murdered by the wicked Dukes Guanio
and Melga, because they refused to submit
to their lusts, and were buried at Koln. For
Guanius was king of the Huns, and Melga
King of the Picts ; both of whom Gratian
and Valentinian had sent to the maritime
coasts of Germany, to exterminate the fa-
vourers of the tyrant Maximus. These wicked
princes, Guanius and Melga, observing after-
wards that Britain was, by the retreat of
Maximus, denuded of all armed force, and
having associated with them the adjoining
islands, in the first place seized Albania.
Upon the news of this, Maximus the Tyrant
sent two legions, with Gratian and Munceps,
who drove the aforesaid Huns into Ireland ;
but when Gratian heard this, he had Maximus
murdered, and himself made King of Britain,
though, when he aspired to divine honours,
on the expulsion of the tyrant, he was mur-
dered by his own followers. In his place.

PAKT I. CHAPTER VI.

the barbarians, and taught them how to build
a wall betwixt the two seas for restraining
their, enemies ; but when the legion was with-
drawn, being ignorant of such great art, the
wall was built not of stone but of turf (good
for little), from the place Silesis, but now
Penultonum, to the West, where stands the
city Acluid, so that where a water defence
was wanting, there the inhabitants might
defend their boundaries by the cover of a
wall : but their enemies, coming by sea, laid
all the land waste, trod every thing under
foot that opposed them, and carried on their
forays as before. A second message was sent
to Eome, and an armed legion sent into Bri-
tain, which, after routing and dispersing the
enemy, constructed a strong wall of stone,
eight feet in breadth and twelve in height,
(extending) from sea to sea, where Severus
had formerly made his Vallum ; and they
counselled the Britons that, leaving off their
sluggishness, they should study warfare, for
that the Eomans, so busily occupied in other
quarters, could not again renew their expe-
ditions. And they built a stone wall, partly
at public, partly at private expense, with some
British assistance, and left patterns with them
of arms. But on the wall, at those openings
where the incursions of the barbarians might
be expected, they placed towers as a farewell
gift, not being likely to return. On their
departure, the Scots and Picts, when they
heard of the withdrawal of the Eomau legions,
foraged the British borders with their accus-
tomed insolence ; they murdered the guardians
of the wall, slew the inhabitants of the dis-
tricts, so that their young men, driven by fear
of murder or famine from their homes, added
rapine to ruin, till at length the whole country
was denuded of every kind of nourishment or
food.

Constantius, sprung from the ranks, but chosen
solely on account of the prestige of his name,
and without any desert of virtue, was elected.
He forthwith passed into Gaul, where he was
of great detriment to the state: on that ac-
count. Count Constancius being sent into
Gaul by order of Honorius, Augustus slew
Constantine at Aries, with his son Con-
stancius, whom Count Geronicus, from a
monk, had raised to the dignity of Cesar.

In the year of grace CCCCLXVIIJ., on the
increasing weakness of the Britons, they sent
a third letter to Aecius, an illustrious and
patrician person, to this effect : — " To Aecius,
thrice Consul, the groans of the Britons. The
barbarians drive us into the sea ; the sea
sends us back on the barbarians : from this
we have a double choice of deaths, either to
be slaughtered or drowned." Their petition
was, however, in vain, for Aecius was detained
in Gaul by wars, which pressed on him severely.
In the mean time, the famine above mentioned
having reduced the Britons, they were obliged
to submit to their spoilers. But some of them,
when, in the mountains and woods, human
assistance failed, trusted to the Lord, and
made as much resistance as they could against
the Picts : but the enemy came repeatedly
again, and penetrated the extremest part of
the island, and took up their abodes over
against Deira, where they disquieted the
Britons by alternate murders and plunder.

In the year of grace ccccxxxiiu., the
Eomans having relinquished Britain, and the
tribute fallen into disuse, the Britains sent
Gurthelm, Bishop of London, to Aldroan,
who now reigned, fourth from Conan, in Ar-
morica, or Lesser Britain. He, when he
heard of the British calamities, passed over
thither, taking with him Constantine, their
king's brother, and a large number of armed

Pabt I.
:iiapter VI.

PROFANE HISTORY.

Part I. rpj^^ Britons, oppressed by the crowd of

chapur V . g^jjQjjg^ advised the King to dismiss them,
which he refused, and they deposed him, and
placed his son Vortimer in his place as king.
During the seven years of this understanding,
he fought against the Angli in many light
skirmishes, but also in five set battles with his
entire army. The first of which was on the
Eiver Derwent; the second at Badum, at
Ereford, where Orsus and Chankertig inflicted
mutual (mortal) wounds. At the end of
these battles Vortimer died by poison from
his mother-in-law, called Eowen, the daughter
of Hengist ; and after his death Vortigerinus
was reinstated in his government. Hengist
too, previously banished, was recalled, under
the hope of an accommodation : with this
hope the Britons met from all quarters, and
also the Angli, on the kalends of May, near
Amesbury, to treat for a mutual peace. There
Hengist had recourse to fresh treachery, for
he bade his followers, when he exclaimed in
English " nemed your sexes" that they
shoidd each forthwith draw the knives hidden
in their boots, and kill the nearest Briton ;
and so it was done. But Eldol, the Duke
of Claudiocestre, killed seventy Saxons Avhilst
defending his life, and then fled. The Saxons
were unwiUing to kill Vortigerinus, but took
certain nobles as his ransom. He then retired
to the western parts of Wales, to the city of
Genarvon, on the Eiver Gwanea, where
Aurelius Ambrosius subsequently burnt him,
together with his tower.

In the year of grace CCCCLIX., when Vor-
tigern reigned in Britain, there was an abun-
dance of the fruits of the earth, as never was
in any future age. But with it luxury, and
the pest of every iniquity, also began to

followers, and elected him king at Cirencester.
This Constantine had three brothers, namely,
Constans, whom he made a monk in the church
of St. Amphibolus, at Winton ; the other two^
Aurelius and Uter, he delivered to Bishop
Gurithelm, to be educated. When Constan-
tine had reigned some years, he was murdered
by the treachery of a Pict whom he had taken
into his service, and Vortigerius, a certain
Consul of the Gewipi, aspiring to the govern-
ment, caused Constancius to be brought from
Winton, because he was of an imbecile and
slothful disposition, and declared king. Vor-
tigerius constituted a hundred Picts, whom he
had drawn from Albania, as body guards of
the king, who were liberally paid and enter-
tained by Vortigerius. When they observed
that he aspired to the government, they mur-
dered Constancius, and brought his head to
Vortigerius. But he, to shew himself clear
of the deed, pretended great grief, and had
all the hundred beheaded before the nobles of
the province.

In the year of grace CCCCLXVI., Aurelius
Ambrosius began his reign. In the first year
of his arrival from beyond the sea, he burnt
Vortigerius, with his tower. He afterwards
ordered Hengist to be beheaded at Conynges-
brogh. But his son Osk, besieged in York,
he admitted to a treaty. Subsequently he
vanquished the above mentioned son of Vor-
tigern, and his ally GUlomarus, his king of
Hibernia ; and at length, when sick at Win-
ton, was poisoned by a monk in the disguise
of a physician, whom Pascencius had suborned;
and thus died Ambrosius.

About this time two Saxon Dukes, Cerdic
and Kenric, arrived in five vessels at Cerdics-
shore, which is now called Cerdicsmouth, and
compelled the Britons to fly before them.

PART I. CHAPTER VI. 29

increase. Cruelty and animosities flourished In the year ccccxciu., Saint Leonard

not only amongst the seculars, but in the was born, whom King Clodoveus lifted from
very fold of the Lord, amongst its shepherds, the sacred fount,
to such an extent, that all Britain conspired
against a man of good repute as against a

leveller ; and they submitted to the yoke of drunkenness, hatred, lltigiousness, and envy.
Suddenly, however, so great a mortality came over mankind, from such corruption, that men
scarcely could be found to bury the dead : but since by this judgment the survivors were
not reformed, one much more severe followed. For a plan was devised by Vortigern and
his counsellors, to call over from parts beyond the sea certain tribes of the pagan Saxons,
which seems to have been agreed to by the will of heaven, to bring a punishment against
the wicked. Vortigern feared the Picts, whom he had so lately injured ; and, on the
other hand, (dreaded) the arrival of Aurelius, to transport whom he heard that ships were
ready. For these reasons he determined to invite the Saxons, (knowing) their bravery in
war. Some came over from the three most powerful tribes of Germany, viz., the Saxons,
the Angli, and the Jutes. From the Jutes the people around Kent are descended, and
the nations situate opposite the Isle of Wight ; from the Saxons come the middle country
people and the western ; from the Angli come the East Angli, the midland tribes, or
Mercians, and the Northumbrians. These nations, brought over in three long cyauls,
dispersed the enemies of the Britons as far as Stamford, a place distant about forty miles
to the south of Lincoln, because the Picts and Scots fought with javelins and lances, and
the Saxons with long swords. When Vortigern had gained the upper hand, he gave lands
in Lindsay to Hengist, as much as he could inclose in a whip (or thong) ; on which Hengist
cut out the entire hide of an ox into thongs, and surrounded the site, which is now called
Thung-castre. When, however, accounts of the fertility of Britain and the feebleness of
its inhabitants were reported at home, a larger fleet was sent to augment the previous
numbers. These engaged for the war with the understanding that they were fighting for
their homes, and that the Britons should furnish them with pay to provide food. The
Saxons, in their second descent, with sixteen vessels, brought with them the Virgin Eowena,
and now marriageable daughter of Hengist;'

' This ends the sixth skin, but does not conclude the sentence, which continues: — "A beauteous vision, whom
Vortigern had no sooner beheld than he desired her to serve him in the office of a cupbearer."

Paet I.
Chapter VI.

PART I.

CHAPTER VII.

pakt I. a beauteous vision, whom Vortigern had no sooner beheld than he desired her to serve him
Chap. vri. in the office of a cupbearer; and, immediately inflamed with the desire of her (person), he
offered her marriage, and on her refusing his embraces, he proffered the whole of Kent as
a marriage gift. He gave also permission to Hengist to send for his son. After the
celebration of these nuptials, the king repudiated his legitimate wife, by whom he had
three noble youths, namely, Vortimer, Chatigern, and Pastencius. After that the Saxons
entered into a treaty with the Picts, whom they had so recently repulsed, and turned their
arms against their British allies. But first they demanded increased subsidies, which being
refused, they laid waste the country, and murdered both princes and people.

In the year of grace diij., after the death of Aurelius Ambrosius, his brother Uter
succeeded, who, according to the Historia Britonum, if indeed we dare believe it, filched
from Ireland, by the aid of Merlin, the Chorea Gigantum, which is now called Stoneshenge,
in the Plain of Sarum. He also kiUed Pastencius, the son of Vortigern, and Gillomarus,
King of Hibernia. He murdered Osca, the son of Hengist, and his relative Osa, and he
put to death Gerwn, Duke of Cornwall, whose wife Ingram he married, and on whom he
begot the famous Arthur, and Anna his sister. But being at length stupified by poison,
he died, and was buried near Aurelius Ambrosius, in the Chorea Gigantum. About the
same time, after the death of Ella, the first king of the South Saxons, Cissa, his son,
followed, who built the city Cicester, so called after his name.

In the year of grace dxxviij., in the tenth year of Cerdic, King of the West Saxons,
Arthur rose up amongst the Britons, about the eighteenth amongst the Belligi (Belgse ?),

a. b.

THE KINGDOM OP KENT BEGINS. THE KINGDOM OF THE EAST

Hengist, Kino of Kent. SAXONS.

In the year of grace CCCCLVI., Hengist, Ebktnwynnus, first King.

King of Kent, began to reign, in the eighth In the year of grace dxxvij., of Arthur

year of the arrival of the Angli in Britain, the thirteenth, Erkynwynnus began his reign,

and he reigned xxiiij. years. These being and reigned lx. years,
ended, he was killed at Coningsbrock, by
Aurelius, King of the Britons.

PART I. CHAPTER VII. 31

who was victor in twelve battles against the Saxons. In the Dunensian Chronicle, we read
that Cerdic had frequent conflicts with Arthur, fighting so, that if in one month he was
beaten, in the next he stood up more manfully for the contest. At length Arthur, tired
out by the lengthened struggle, gave Cerdic, on his swearing fealty, some other districts,
where he might enjoy himself, which Cerdic called West Saxony. After transferring to
them these provinces, he went among the new Saxons, and was crowned with pagan
ceremonial at Winton. Modred, however, was crowned amongst the Britons, at London ;
but he transferred the Island of Wight to Whitger, the grandson of Cerdic. According
to the Historia Britonum, Arthur, in a conflict with Modred, killed him, and was himself
slain in the Valley of Avallon, near Glastonbury : his body, with that of Guenemare, his
wife, was afterwards found, in the year of our Lord one thousand and eighty, in the third
year of Henry II., and transferred to the church, according to Giraldus, who handled
these bones of King Arthur, then alive and about eighteen, at his first setting out in
life. Arthur, when about to die, transferred the diadem of his kingdom to Constan-
tine, a relative, who was the son of Cadore, the Duke of Cornwall.

In the year of grace dxlij., Constantino began his reign, and reigned iiu. years.
The sons of Modred rose in league against him, with the Saxons, to revenge their father:
he had frequent contests with them ; murdered one before the altar of St. Amphibolus'
Church at Winton, another by torture in some monastery.

In the year of grace dxlv., Aurelius Conanus began his reign over the Britons ; a
youth of great probity, the grandson of Constantino, and in every respect worthy the crown,
if he had not been too much inclined for civil broils ; for he took the crown from his
uncle, whose right it was, after killing two of his sons, and reigned xxx. years. In his
fourth year the kingdom of Northumberland was founded, whose first king was Ida, who
built the Castle of Bambroth (Bamborough).

In the year of grace dlxxviij., Vortigerius began to reign over the Britons, and
reigned three years. He triumphed frequently, and with great renown, over the Saxons,
who were troublesome.

In the year of grace dlxxxi., Malgo began to reign over the Britons: in person
remarkably handsome, and of a strong and active mind, but tainted with the sin of
sodomy. He reigned a few years ; in the fifth of which the kingdom of the Mercians
was founded, whose first king was Creodda.

e. d.

THE KINGDOM OF THE SOUTH THE KINGDOM OF THE WEST

SAXONS. SAXONS.

Elle, first King. Cerdic, first King.

In the year of grace ccccLXXViij., in the In the year of grace ccccxc, Cerdic

time of Aurelius Ambrosius, Elle came into and his son Kynric came into Britain, in five
Britain, with his three allies, Saneu, Plent- ships, which landed at Cerdicshore, where

Part 1.
Chap. VII.

PROPANE HISTORY.

KINGDOM OF KENT.
PiBT I. OscA, Kino, son of Henoist.

Chap. VII. In the year of grace cccclxxij., on the

death of Hengist, his son Osca followed, and
reigned xxiu. years. Content with his pater-
nal boundaries, he preferred defending to ex-
tending them, and never exceeded their limits.
He was killed by Uter Pendragon, with Osa
his relative.

OccA, Kino, son of Osca.

In the year of grace dvi., Occa began
his reign, and reigned xxij. years.

Ekmanbic, son of Osca.

In the year of grace dxxviij., Ermaneric
began to reign, and reigned xxxi. years.

Ethelbekt, first Christian King.

In the year of grace dlx., Ethelbert,
son of Ermanric, began to reign, and he
governed the Kentish people as great grand-
son of Hengist. According to Bede, for
eight years his neighbours scoffed him, and
after two defeats he was scarcely able to
maintain his frontiers. But, hi a riper age,
he bore down all before him, except the
kingdom of Northumberland. He then took
in marriage Bertha, a Frank by birth, on
the exhortation of Bishop Leotard, who came
over with her to soften his rude manners.
At length, on the exhortation of St. Augus-
tine, he renounced his paternal heathenism,
and issued laws in the vernacular tongue, in
which he fixed rewards for the good, punish-
ments for the bad. He died xxi. years after
his conversion.

Eadwaldus, Kino, his son.

In the year of grace dcxvi., he began
his reign, and reigned xxv. years. In the
first years of his reign he apostatised, mis-
using his stepmother, and therefore inflicted

KINGDOM OF THE EAST SAXONS.
Sledda, King, his son.

In the year of grace dlxxxij., Sledda
began his reign, and ruled ten years.

SioEBEBT, Kino.

In the year of grace dlxxxv., Sigebert
began his reign, and reigned xix. years. He
was the first Christian king in East Saxony,
and when in death about to seek a celestial
crown, he left his sons their temporal king-
dom ; but they immediately reverted into
idolatry, and gave permission to their sub-
jects to worship their idols.

In the year of grace dcxxi., when Sige-
bert was dead, his three sons and heirs suc-
ceeded, as is before mentioned. They relapsed
into idolatry, because, having asked from their
bishop Mellitus a white garment, as he had
given their father, he refused, unless they
were baptised. They then banished him ;
but soon, when they had reigned seven years,
these treacherous kings were slain by the
king of the Gewissi : a just punishment from
heaven.

SiGEDEKT THE LiTTLE.

In the year of grace dcxxiij., Sigebert

the Little began his reign, after the death of

his father and uncle, because they had driven

away Mellitus, the bishop : he reigned xxvi.

years.

SwYTHELiN, Kino.

In the year of grace dcxli., Swythelinus,
the son of Segrelus, began his reign, and
reigned xxvi. years. His predecessor, Sige-
bertus, on the demise of Oswy, King of North-
umbria, was baptised, with his brother, by the
blessed St. Finian, bishop. After his return
from Oswy, he applied for instructors to be
sent him, to convert his people to the faith,
and pointed out Saint Ceadda and another

PART I. CHAPTEE VII.

KINGDOM OF THE SOUTH SAXONS.

gerius, and Cissa, and reigned about xxxi.
years. He was followed by his son Cessa.

Cissa, Kino, son of Eli.e.

In tbe year of grace dxiij., after EUe's
death, whom all the Saxons looked upon as
their king, Cissa, his son, reigned. After him
Cicestre, which he founded, received its name.
He reigned almost lxxvi. years. After his
death the kingdom fell to CeaUn, King of the
West Saxons, and to his successors, for about
xcvij. years, during which period Ethelwold,
of the tribes of East Anglia, whom the last
King of the Britons, (joined) with Sedwallo,
King of the Saxons, killed.

After this the South Saxons cease.

KINGDOM or THE WEST SAXONS.

now is Cerdicsmouth, and in the time of
Aurelius Ambrosius. With the aid of his
nephews. Stuff" and Whyte, to whom the
Isle of Wight was given, he had many con-
flicts with Arthur. This same Cerdic ruled
over the Saxons xxvi. years.

Ktnrio, Kino, his son.

In the year of grace dxxxiiij., on the
death of Cerdic, first king of the West Saxons,
Kenrick his son followed, who reigned xxvi.
years.

Cealin, Kino, his son.

In the year of grace dlx., Cealin began
his reign, and he reigned xxxiu. years. He
dislodged the Britons from the towns of Glou-
cestre, Cirencestre, and Bathon, as far as
Salt Wosa of Wales.

Ceolric, Kino.

In the year of grace dcxiij., on the death
of Cealin, and of his brother Cutha, Ceolric
his son followed, who ruled over the West
and South Saxons five years.

Ceolwolphus, King.

In the year of grace dxcvii., Ceolwolphus began his reign over the West and South
Saxons, and reigned xiii. years.

Ktngelin. Kino.

In the year of grace dcx., Kyngelin began his reign, and reigned with and after his
son, in the whole xxxu. years. In his tenth year, his son began his. During their joint
rule, they performed many bold deeds against the Saxons, and against Penda, the King of
the Mercians, who wished to drive them out of their kingdom. When, however, Kyngelin
had been baptised by holy Brynmus, at Cirencestre, his brother Erchthelin made an excuse
to avoid taking the sacrament; but when, afterwards, admonished by a bodily disease, he
became participator, then he died. Here may be remarked the discrepancies of authors.
William (of Malmsbury) says Onithelmus was the brother of Kyngillus, but Bede says he was
his son,

Kynewalchus, Kino.

In the year of grace dcxliij., after Kyngillus' death, Kynewalchus his son began to

Part I.
Chap. VII.

PEOFANE HISTORY.

PiUT 1.

Ohap. Vll.

KINGDOM OF KENT.

with insanity : but after he had put away
his stepmother, he returned to the Christian
faith.

Ebcombert, Kino, son of Eadwaldub.

In the year of grace dclx., Ercombert,
the younger, seizing the government illegally
from the elder, began to reign, and reigned
xxxiilJ. years. He, still a youth, was the
first of the Anglian kings who destroyed the
idols throughout his entire kingdom ; and he
instituted the forty days' fast. He also mar-
ried Saint Sexburga, afterwards the spouse of
Kynwalchus, King of the West Saxons.

Egbert, son of Ercombert.

In the year of grace dclxiiij., Egbertus,
son of Ercombert and Saint Sexburga, began
his reign, and reigned ix. years.

KraGDOM OF THE EAST SAXONS.

priest ; but not long afterwards he was slain
by his relatives, because he was accustomed
to pray with his enemies. Still Swythelin
was baptised by the above bishop in the royal
vill called Eedlesham. Ethewold, King of
that country, raised him from the fount, in
the first year of this king.

Kings Sibba and Licherius, sons of Sigebert.

In the reign of Sibba and Licherius, Saint
Erkonwald was consecrated Archbishop of
Canterbury, at London.

Offa, Monk and King.

PAET I. CHAPTEE VII.

KINGDOM OF THE SOUTU SAXONS. KINGDOM OF THE WEST SAXONS.

reign, and reigned xxxi. years. He married Saint Sexburga, daughter of Anna, king; of
the East Angli. He overthrew the Britons in two decisive battles, and in revenge against
the persecutors of his father, he deprived Wolfer, son of Penda, of a great part of his
dominions, but was afterwards completely beaten by this same Wolfer, and, expelled from
the Isle of Wight, was presented by Ethelwold, King of the East Angli, with the Isle
Achedon, because he had become a Christian.

Cb»p. VII.

Ethelwold, Kino of tbe East Angli.

In the year of grace dclv., Wolferus,
King of the Mercians, completely beat the
King of the West Saxons, took from him
the Isle of Wight, part of that kingdom
which the King of the East Angli had given
to Ethelwold, to become Christian. He sub-
dued that King of East Angli for cruelty to
his subjects. But being soon repulsed by the
two Dukes Britunus and Anthunus, he left
this kingdom to the two dukes, which both,
ruhng for a long time in succession, took
possession of.

Britunus and Anthunus.

St. Sexburoa.

In the year of grace dclxvij.. Saint
Sexburga, after her (first) husband's death,
reigned one year ; but her nobles, disdaining
to fight under a woman, expelled her. Anna
was married to Ercombert, King of Kent ;
and later, Abbess of Ely, after her sister
Ethelfrida.

AsKWYNNUs, Kino.

In the year of grace dclxxiij., Askwyn-
nus began to reign, and reigned four years.
He waged war against Wolfer, King of the
Mercians.

Kenslwynus, King.

In the year of grace dclxxvij., Kenslwy-
nus began to reign, and he reigned nine years.

PART 1.

CHAPTER VIII.

Part I.
Chap. VIII.

KINGDOM OF KENT.
LOTHAIRE, HIS SoN.

In the year of grace dclxxxij., the
brother of Egbert began to reign, and reigned
eleven years.

Eadric, Kino.

In the year of grace dclxxxvi., after
Lothaire had been mortally wounded in battle
against the South Saxons, and against Cead-
walla the Countess, Ealdricus, his victor,
ruled in bis place for a year and a half; and
after his death the kingdom of Kent was a
long time vacant for want of kings, until
Withred, the legitimate son of Ecgbert, was
elected to succeed to the government.

Withred, son of Ecgbert.
SiNHARD, HIS Son.

In the year of grace Dcxcu., Withred,
and Sinhard his brother, began to reign, and
reigned XXIIJ. years. Withred begat three
sons, Eddilbert, Edbert, and Outhred, called
also Arritus, who reigned after him in suc-
cession.

Eddildebt, the oldest.

In the year of grace Dccxxil., Eddilbert
began to reign, and reigned xvii. years.

Edbert, King.

In the year of grace (d)ccxxxix., Edbert

KINGDOM OF THE EAST SAXONS.

In the year of grace DCCV., OfTa, a youth,
began to reign after Cibba and Sicherus.
He married Kyneswitha, the sister of Wolfer,
King of the Mercians, who so converted
her husband, that, after the marriage, she
could repudiate his embraces. He went to
Eome with Kenred, King of the Mercians,
and Saint Egwyn, Bishop of Uicii, and be-
came a monk : the spouse of a virgin. Kyne-
swytha, and her sister Kynddreda, were dedi-
cated to God through their blessed virginity,
and were afterwards buried at Meddehamstede,
which is now the Burg of St. Peter (Peter-
borough), where Ethel wold subsequently built
a monastery.

Selred and Sibeht.

In the year of grace DCCX., this Selred
began to reign over the Oriental Saxons after
Offa, and reigned XXVIIJ. years ; and Swyth-
red followed him.

Swtthred, King.

In the year of grace dccxlviu, (sic), after
the death of Selred, Swythred followed. In
the year of grace DCCOXXVIU., Egbert, King
of the West Saxons, fought against this same
Swythred, and afterwards expelled him, and
the kingdom of the East Saxons fell off, and

PART I. CHAPTER VIII.

KINGDOM OF THE SOUTH SAXONS.

After this Adhumo, the kingdom of the
South Saxons was transferred to the West
Saxons.

THE KINGDOM OF THE BEITONS.

Cabiticus, Kino.

In the year of grace DLXXXVI., Cariticus,
an enemy to God and man, a lover of intestine
discord, reigned for a short time over the
Britons. The Saxons, observing the little
reliance to he placed upon him, sent for the
African King Gerundus from Ireland, which
he had lately conquered. With their conjoint
forces they drove Cariticus from city to city,
till at length they besieged him in the city of
Cirencester, and afterwards drove him with
his British troops into Wales, beyond the
ffistuary of the Severn. They laid waste
Loengria with fire and sword, and thence-
forward the Britons lost their supreme rule.

Cadwan, Duke of Venedocia.

On the death of Caritic, the Britons
elected Cadwan for their king, that he might
follow Ethefrid, King of Northumbria, who
disquieted them. When this was told Ethel-
fi-id, he drew all the Saxon kings, and went
out to meet Cadwan. But whilst both armies
stood opposed to each other, their friends
interfered and made peace betwixt them; and
afterwards, so great a friendship grew up
betwixt both, that they had aU things in
common.

Cadwallo.

This Cadwallo, having been conquered by
Saint Edwin, went to Armorica, where he

KINGDOM OF THE WEST SAXONS.

To him succeeded Cadwalledrus for the space
of two years. King of the Britons. To him
Yne the Great.

Here this kingdom ends.

THE KINGDOM OF THE MEECIANS.

In the year of grace DLXXXVI., the king-
dom of the Mercians was founded, in the last
year of Malgo. Creodda was the first who
held it, and he reigned ten years.

WiBBA, SON OF Creodda.

In the year of grace DXCVI., after the
death of Creodda, in whose time all the king-
doms of the Angli, or Saxons, had begun,
Wibba his son followed for three years, and
then ceased to reign for some years, in which
it is thought Cherlus reigned for xx. years.

* Cheblcs. Penda.

In the year of grace Dcxxvi., Penda the
Pagan, son of Wibba, (called) also Ginarus,
began to reign, and reigned xxx. years. He
killed two sainted kings, Edwin and Oswald,
and three kings of the East Angli, viz., Sige-
bert, Egric, and Anna. He begat five sons
and two holy virgins, St. Kyneburga and St.
Kyneswitha. He was killed by Oswy, King
of Northumbria ; and to him succeeded his
son Weda, over the South Mercians, who
previously governed Cambria.

WoLFEEUs, A Christian.

In the year of grace DCLV., Wolferus
began to reign, and reigned with his brother
at first, but after xvil. years he reigned alone.

PiBI I.
CllKp. VIII.

PROFANE HISTORY.

Pakt I.
Cl.np. VIII.

KINGDOM OF KENT.

began his realm. Him Kenulph, King of the
Mercians, laying waste Kent for the martyr-
dom of St. Kenelm, made prisoner and led
away, and constituted his brother Cuthred
(King) in his place.

CUTHBED, SECOND SoN OF ArKITUS (sIO.)

In the year of grace DCCCIIJ., Cuthred
began to reign, and reigned three years.

Baldredus, the last rightful King.
In the year of grace DCCCVII., Baldred
began to reign, and reigned xx. years. Him
Egbert, King of the West Saxons, expelled,
and deprived of his kingdom.

Ethelstan, the Dane.

By this Ethelstan the kingdom of Caucia
was transferred to the kingdom of Egbert, in
the year of grace Dcccxvii.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST SAXONS.

its rule ceased. After this Swythred, the
kingdom of the East Saxons was transferred
to that of the West Saxons, and in the time
of Egbert, King of the West Saxons, under
his sole rule.

THE KINGDOM OF THE NOETHUM-
BEIANS AND DEIEIANS.

Ida, Kino.

In the year of grace DCXLvr., and the
ninety-seventh from the arrival of the Angli,
the kingdom of Northumbria was founded by
Ida, the twelftli descendant from Woden.
From him all the Northumbrian lineage took
its rise. He reigned Xll. years, and had by
his queen six sons succeeding him, and six by
a concubine. He built the Castle of Bam-
broth. After his death his realm was divided.

THE KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI.

Offa, King.

In the year of grace dlxx., the kingdom
of the East Angli was founded, under OfFa,
after whom we call all the kings of the Ori-
ental (? Saxons), and of the East Angli, Ufif-
ings, whom now we name Ficanos, or Fykeys.

TlICLUS, OR ToTILA.

In the year of grace dlxxvij., TItulus
began to reign, and reigned xx. years.

Redewald, King.

In the year of grace dxcix., this Eede-
wald began to reign, and reigned xxv. years.
He protected St. Edwin when an exile, and
restored its king to Northumberland, after
killing Ethelfred.

THE KINGDOM OF THE DEIEII.

These are the Sons of Ida, King : Adda, Clappa,
Thbodulph, Frithelwold, Theodohic, and Ethel-

FBID.

In the year of grace dlix., EUe, the son
of Iffe, began to reign, and reigned XXX.
years. To his name Pope Gregory the Great
is supposed to have made allusion, when he
saw some Angli youth at Eome, saying it
would be better to sing Allias (AUelujas) there.
The grace of faith did not, however, reach
Elle, but to his son. King Edwin. He reigned
in Deira, with Adda in Berinicia, five years ;
Clappa, five years; Theodulph, seven years;
Ethelfrid, five years. After Elle's death, and
the expulsion of his son Trinius, Ethelfrid ruled
over both kingdoms xxvilJ. years.

PAET I. CHAPTER VIII.

KINGDOM OF THE BRITONS.

obtained ten thousand soldiers from King
Solomon. He subdued and captured Penda,
King of the Mercians, who, seeing no hope of
aid, submitted to him, and, joining Cadwallo,
they both threw themselves upon Saint Edwyn,
and in a battle Saint Edwyn, with his confede-
rate king, was slain. Having gained this
victory, Cadwallo laid waste all the provinces
of the Angli, and subdued their kings. At
length, having completed XLVIIJ. years, he
died. His body, embalmed by aromatics, was
placed in a brazen image, which image was
fixed over the eastern gate of London, in
scorn, and as a spectacle to the Britons.

Cadwalladhus, Kino.

In the year of grace dclxxx., Cadwalla-
drus, King of the Britons^ after the death of
Kentwyn, King of the West Saxons, seized it,
and reigned two years. He conquered Ethel-
wold, King of the West Saxons, and subdued
the Isle of Wight, Concerning this King
Cadwalladrus, a discrepancy is found amongst
the British historians. In the Chronicle of
the Angli, it is said he was the son of Ken-
bert, of the family of Ceolin : the Britons, on
the contrary, report him the son of Cadwallo,
King of the Britons, and of a daughter of
Penda, King of the Mercians. And here we
also note that the history of the Eoman Longo-
bardi, and Bede also, call him Ceadwallam,
erroneously, from their ignorance of the
British language,

Cedwalla, King.

In the year of grace DCLXXXix., this
Ceadwallus, subdued at first by Edwyn, went
to Armorica to obtain ten thousand soldiers
from King Solomon, to aid him. He con-

KINGDOM OF THE MERCIANS.

He begat Saint Werburga, and founded the
monastery of Burg.

Etheldred, Monk. *

In the year of grace dclxxij., Ethelred
began to reign. In the thirtieth year of his
reign he took the habit of a monk at Burdeney.

Kenbed, King and Monk.

In the year of grace DCCIJ., Kenred began
to reign. In his fifth year, having resigned
the kingdom to Cotred, the son of his uncle,
he went to Eome with Offa, King of the East
Saxons, and Saint Egwyn, Bishop of the Nicii,
where he took the monastic habit.

Ceolred, King.

In the year of grace DCCVIIJ., Ceolred
began to reign, and reigned XI. years. He
was buried at Lichfeld, and was the first to
raise the body of Saint Werburga from the
grave, where it had lain uncorruptedly eleven
years,

Ethei.woi.d, King.

In the year of grace DCCXix., Ethelwold,
grandson of Penda, began to reign. In the
eighteenth year of his rule he conquered the
Wallenses and the Northumbrians ; in his
thirty-sixth was subdued by Cuthred, King of
the West Saxons ; and in his last, or fortieth
year, was slain by his own subjects in Secun-
dem.

BicoNRED, King.

In the year of grace DCCiv,, Biconred
the Tyrant, after he had slain Athelwold,
ruled three years. He was slain by OflFa the
Great, the nephew of Ethelwold, who reigned
over the Mercians xxxiv. years.

Pakt I.
(.hap. VIII.

PROFANE HISTORY.

Paet I.
Chap. VIII.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI.
Cahpewald, King.

In the year of grace dcxxiiij., Carpen-
wald began to reign, and reigned xii. years,
concluding a good beginning by a praise-
worthy end.

SiGEBEKT, KlXG AND MoNK.

In the year of grace Dcxxxvi., Sigebert
began to reign. During the lifetime of his
brother, and whilst an exile in Gaul, he was
filled with the sacramental faith. He ordained
in his realm schools for literary (pursuits),
according to what he had seen in Gaul, and
teachers for children, after the customs of
Canterbury, At length, turning over the
government to his nephew Egric, he received
the tonsure in the monastery which he had
founded.

Egrio, King.

In the year of grace DCLIIJ., Egric began
to reign, and was slain in the same year ; for
Penda, the pagan king, invading his realm,
Sigebert the monk was brought from his
monastery to inspirit the soldiers, and so
was slain with Egric, carrying in his hand,
and the simplicity of his heart, only a wand.
Nearly their whole army was slain.

Anna, King.

In the year of grace dclij., Anna began
to reign, and reigned two years. (He was)
a man of the best and wisest mind, the father
of the holy virgins Sexburga and Ethelfrida.
He was slain by King Penda.

Ethelbekt, King.

In the year of grace DCLIIU., Ethelbert,
the son of Anna, began to reign a year. He

KINGDOM OF THE DEIRII.

Ethei.fbid, King.

In the year of grace dlxxxvi., Ethelfrid
began his reign, and reigned over Berinicia
five years, and over both kingdoms xxxviu.
He married Acca, the daughter, of whom he
had seven sons : Guifred, Saint Oswald, Oslac,
Oswyth, Offa, and Saint Ebba, Abbess. He
slew, near the city of Legions, cc. monks
from Bangor ; but was slain in battle by Eed-
walld. King of the East Angli, and by Edwin,
the son of Ella, whom he had expelled, his
brother-in-law.

Saint Edwyn.

In the year of grace DCXVIIJ., Edwin
began to reign in Northumberland. To him,
when an exile with Kedwald, King of the East
Angli, from Onan of Driburga, daughter of
Creodda, King of the Mercians, two sons
were born, Offred and Galfrid ; whose son
Hereric had, by Bergeswytha, Saint Hilda,
Abbess of Stronsheal, and Hereswitha, Ab-
bess, some time Queen of the East Angli ;
and fi"om Ethelburga, the daughter of the
King of Kent, two sons were born him, Ethelin
and Uskrea, and two daughters, Ganfled and
Saint Ethelreda.

PAET I. CHAPTER VIII.

KINGDOM OF THE BRITONS.

quered Penda, King of the Mercians, who,
seeing no hope of aid, submitted to him, and,
joinmg Cadwallo, they both threw themselves
upon Saint Edwyn, and in a battle Saint Ed-
win, with his confederate king, was slain.
Having gained this victory, Cadwallo laid
waste all the provinces of the Angli, and sub-
dued their kings. At length, having com-
pleted XLVIIJ. years, he died. His body,
embalmed by aromatics, was placed in a brazen
image, which image was fixed over the eastern
gate of London, in scorn, and as a spectacle
to the Britons.^

Cedwalla, King and Monk.

In the year of grace this Cedwalla

headed his people manfully three years. Ee-
linquishing the government, he went to Eome,
where he was confirmed by the unction of the
sacred Chrisma, and called Peter. After
putting on the sacred vestments, he was seized
by illness, and died on the twelfth of the
kalends of May, not much beyond thirty years
old. He is buried in the church of St. Peter,
and deservedly celebrated in the following
epitaph ; —

Culmen, opes, sobolem, potentia regna, triumphos,
Exuvias, proceres, menia, castra, lares

KINGDOM OF THE MERCUNS.
Offa the Great.

In the year of grace DCCLVIIJ., OfFa the
Great began his reign, and reigned XXXI.
years. He overcame in battle the Northum-
brians, the West Saxons, the men of Kent, so
completely, that he removed the metropolitan
seat of Kent to Lichfeld, in the province of the
Mercians. He translated the bones of Saint
Alban to the great monastery which he had
built ; and he gave to our Lord the Pope a
yearly payment from every hearth in his domi-
nions. He also made the famous dyke, still
existing, by which the kingdom of Mercia is
divided from Wales, and called to this day
OfFa's Dyke. This OfFa caused his son Egfi'id
to be crowned, in the year of grace Dccxxxix.,
who reigned conjointly with his father eight
years, and survived him only CXii. days.

THE LINE OF THE KINGS OF
BEEENICIA.

EOFRID.

In the year of grace dclxx., Egfi-id began
to reign, and reigned xv. years. He married
Saint Ethelrida, the rehct of Tombti, the
Count of the South Girmorum (? Germanorum),

Part I.
Chap. VIII.

' The whole of this paragraph on Oeadwalla seems an unnecessary repetition of what appears a little higher up,
and may have been intended for erasure, as, unlike any other part of the Roll, it is underlined in red.

42 PROFANE HISTORY.

Pakt 1. *•

Chap. VIH. KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI.

married Hereswyde, the sister of Saint Hilda,
afterwards Abbess of Gale, in Gallia. He
was killed by Oswy, King of the Mercians.

Ethf.lwaldbs, King.

In the year of grace dclx., this king,

PAET I. CHAPTER VIII.

KINGDOM OF THE BRITONS.

Queque patnun virtus et que conceperat ipse
Cedwalla armipotens liquet amore Dei. '

Yne the GnEAT, Monk.

In the year of grace DCLXXXix., Yne, of
the royal Hne, the son of Kenred, the son of
Ceodwall, son of Cuthe, son of Cealine, began
to reign in West Saxony, and reigned xxxvr.
years.

KINGS or THE BERENICIANS.

whom, for the twelve years they lived toge-
ther, he could induce, neither by entreaty nor
presents, to submit to the conjugal embrace.

Part I.
Chap. Vlll.

' These four metrical lines are not written on the Roll in separate verses. The following attempt at rendering
both metres into English hexameters, since, as far as I know, pentameters have never been naturalised in our language,
will give at least their sense ; —

His throne and wealth, children, realms blooming, and triumphs.
Trophies and nobles ; bulwarks, towers, with their protectors.
And all that ancestral arms and his own had amassed,
Ceadwall the Gieat, induced by God's love, left behind him.

J'ART I.

CHAPTER IX.

Pabt I.
Chapter IX.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI.

Ethelwold, began to reign, and reigned
XXV. years, and a short time in Southsex,
and who was killed by Cedwallo, King of the
Britons and West Saxons.

Ealdulph, King.

In the year of grace DOLXXX., Ealdulph,
son of Ethelhert and Hereswythe, began to
reign, and reigned ten years. He was fol-
lowed, for only part of a year, by his brother
Alfwold, and after him Ethred, the father of
Saint Albert.

Alsfwold, Benna, Ethelred.

In the year of grace DCXC, Ethelred
reigned two years, and had of Leofrina his
queen. Saint Albert, martyr.

Saint Albebt, Mabtyb.

In the year of grace Dccxc, he began
his reign ; and going the same year to Offa,
King of the Mercians, to ask his daughter in
marriage, was innocently slain by the wife of
OSa. His kingdom was governed during
LXIJ. years by Offa and his successors, to the
time of Saint Edward.

Egfeid, Son of Offa.
KENnLPH, Fatheb of Saint Kenelm.

In the year of grace DCXCVllJ., Kenulph

KINGDOM OF THE DEIEII.

This Saint Edwyn, baptised by Saint
Paulinus, ruled over all the kings both of
the Angli and Wallenses. He was slain by
Penda, King of the Mercians, and Cedwallo,
King of the Britons. His head was buried
in the church of St. Peter, at York, which
he had founded, and his body at Whitby.

Osiuo, King of the Deieii, a Pagan, and Eanfeid,
King of the Berinicians.

In the year of grace DCXXXIIJ., after the
death of Edwyn, Osric, son of his uncle Elfrid,
followed him, and Eanfrid, the son of Ethel-
frid, got the kingdom of the Berinicians :
both soon reverted to the worship of idols,
but were slain the same year by Cedwallo,
King of the Britons, as a just judgment from
heaven. To them succeeded Saint Oswald,
the brother of Eanfrid.

Saint Oswald.

In the year of grace Dccxxxv., Saint
Oswald began his reign, and reigned IX. years.
He slew Cedwallo, King of the Britons, at
Denesliburne, where he erected a cross, but
was himself slain by Penda, King of the
Mercians. His head and arm, cut from his
body, remain still uncorrupted.
(Kex necat huic Penda, petit ille pulcherima regna.)
By Penda slain, he seeks yon brighter realms.

PART I. CHAPTER IX.

KINGDOM OP THE BRITOXS.

He built the monastery of Glastonburg,
and went to Eome on the persuasion of his
wife, where he became a monk. His wife
became Abbess of Berkyng. He was the
first who ordered a penny to be paid to Saint
Peter from every house.

Ethelred, Kino.

In the year of grace DCCXXVU., he began
to reign, and reigned XIIIJ, years. He fought
against Oswald, a youth of the blood royal,
who endeavoured to contest the crown with
him.

CUTHBED, HIS BROTHER.

In the year of grace DCCXXXIV., he began
to reign, and reigned xv. years. In the same
year Ceolph, King of the Northumbrians, now
a monk, passed to heaven.

SlOUER.

In the year of grace DCCLVI., Sigher, for
the first part of his reign, was expelled for
tyranny, by Kenwalch, of the royal line,
through Kenulph, second from Cerdic, and
nephew of Penda. Wandering in a wood,
he was slain by a swineherd, on account of
the murder of a Duke of Cumbria.

Kenulph.

In the year of grace DCCLVI., Kenulph
began to reign, and reigned xxvi. years.
By the aid of the West Saxons he expelled
Sigher, his predecessor, and also contested
Bensigton with Offa ; but OfFa was the
stronger, and kept possession.

Brithrio.
In the year of grace DCCLXXXIIIJ., Brith-
ric began his reign, and reigned xv. years.

KINGS OF THE BERENICIANS.

By permission of her husband, she became
a holy nun, under Ebba, Abbess of Coludi
(Coldingham), and was subsequently Abbess
of Ely. This Egfrid was slain by the Picts.

Alfred, Brother of Egfrid.

In the year of grace DCLXXXV., Alfred
began to reign, and reigned XVIII. years.
He caused St. Wolfer to determine Easter,
in a synod, held at Whitby, in the presence
of King Oswy and the virgin Saint Hilda.

Osred.
In the year of grace DCCV., when Alfred
had died at Driffield, his son Osred, a boy
of seven years, succeeded. He reigned xi.
years, and was slain.

Kenbed.
Kenred, the son of Guthwyn, great grand-
son of King Ibe, succeeded, for two years ;
to him Osred, for XI. years.

Ceolwulph, the Monk.

In the year of grace DCCXXIX., Ceolwulph,
the cousin of Kenred, began to reign, and
was made a monk in the eleventh year of his
reign. To this Ceolwulph holy Bede addressed
the " Historia Britonum."

Egbert succeeded, xi. years.

To him Onulpii, one year.

To him Ethelw^old, seven years.

To him GuLDRED, eight years.

To him Alfibold, ten years.

In the year of grace DCCLXXXix., the
Danes first arrived, in which year Osred
began to reign, and reigned l. year.

To him Etheleed, six years.

To him Alfred, twenty years.

Pabt I.
chapter IX.

PROFANE HISTORY.

PiBT I.

Chapter IX.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI.

reigned xxillJ. years. He begat from Al-
fretha, Quendrida, Burgenilda, and Saint Ke-
uelm, martyr.

Saint Kenelm, Kino.

In the year of grace DCCCXXI., Saint
Kenelna began to reign, and was murdered
by his sister Quendrida ; to whose care, to
be brought up, his father had entrusted him,
at the age of seven. His hidden martyrdom
was revealed at Eome.

Ceowulph.

In the year of grace Dcccxxi., Ceowulph
began to reign, and was expelled in the second
year of his reign.

Berndlph.

In the year of grace Dcccxxnj., Ber-
nulph began to reign, and reigned lU. years.

LuDEOAN.

In the year of grace Dcccxxvi., Ludecan
began his reign, and reigned two years, and
was slain by Egbert, King of the West
Saxons.

Wygluph.

In the year of grace dcccxxviij., Wyg-
luph began his reign, and, after ruling not
quite a year, was expelled by Egbert, but
reinstated in his second year, for (an ordained)
tribute.

BEnrnLPH.
In the year of grace DCCCXXXI., this
Bertulph began his reign, and he reigned xxi.
years.

BCTHRED.

In the year of grace dcccli., he began
to reign, and reigned XXU. years. He went
to Eome, when driven away by the Danes,

KINGDOM OF THE DEIRII.

Here the kingdom of tJie Deirii was
transferred to Oswy, King of the Beri-
nicians.

In the year of grace DCXLIJ., after the
death of Saint Oswald, his brother Oswy
followed. He ruled with spirit and prudence
XXVIIJ. years ; for in the first seven years of
his reign he had as colleague of his rule over
the Deirii, Oswyn, the son of Osrith, a man
both rehgious and moral. Him he caused to
be slain in the house of Count Hunebald, into
which he had fled. He had afterwards his
nephew Odiswald associated with him in the
kingdom of the Deirii, Subsequently he
ruled sole over both kingdoms. He governed
the North Mercians, and the rest of the
southern provinces. Of Ganfrida, the daugh-
ter of King Edwin, he had two sons, Egfrid
and Alfred, and three daughters, viz.,Ostritha,
married to Ethelred, King of the Mercians;
Aelfleda, married to Penda, King of the South
Mercians; and Saint Elfleda, after Saint Hilda,
Abbess of Whitby, whom he dedicated to
heaven after the murder of Penda, King of
the Mercians.

In the year of grace Dcccxxxvi., Ethel-
wulph or Adulph began to reign, and reigned
XX. years. He was for some time a deacon,
having been ordained by Glenstan, Bishop of
Win ton. But on the assent of the Pope he
was received as King, and had previously, by
his wife Osberga, daughter of his cupbearer,
four noble youths, who reigned after him in
succession. Taking with him Alfred, the
youngest, he went to Eome, and during his
years abode there. He repaired the Saxon

PART I. CHAPTER IX.

KINGDOM OP THE BRITONS.

He, by the aid of Offa, King of the Mercians,
whose daughter he had married, soon drove
Egbert, his successor, into exile. His wife,
Eadburga, was accustomed to destroy the
friends of her husband by poison ; but, offer-
ing a potion to one of them, she destroyed
the king with him, and fled to France with
her treasures.

Egbert.

In the year of grace DCCC, Egbert, son
of Alcraund, a sub-king and son of Offa, of

KINGS OF THE BERENICIANS.

To him EARDULPHjten years, but expelled.

To him Alwold, two years.

To him Eandred, under tribute to the
Danes, thirty-two years.

To him Ethelred, but expelled.

To him Kendulph, four years.

To him OsBERT, eighteen ; expelled.

To him Elle, an usurper, not of the royal
line, who was substituted for him. Both, sub-
sequently confederated, A. D. dccclxvi., were
slain, with the flower of their nation, by the
Danes, in the city of York.

Paet I.
Chapter IX.

the race of King Yne, began to reign, and ""^"f ' '" '^' '"^ ^* ^'''^- ^^^^^ ^^^' ''^^'-
reigned XXXVII. years. When, early in life, T '^"^ ''' ^^' ^'"^'^'™ '^ Northum-

he was driven into exile by King Brithric, he ^"^ *° *' *™' ""^ ^^^"° ^^^'''■''^' ''^""'^
went into Gaul, and on his return instructed
his vassals, not only the free but the bond-
men, in the art mihtary, which he had there
studied, and so rendered them brave and
skilful ; and he made his soldiers exercise
their arms in times of peace. When Ber-
nulph. King of the Mercians, directed his
measures, he quietly prepared his army, and
peremptorily demanded fealty to be made to
him. The contest was therefore with an army
and appointments unequally matched, for the
King of the Mercians might come with a
thousand soldiers against a hundred of those of
Having gained this battle, Egbert

sub-kings were named as follows: — Egbert,
by birth an Angle, six years, under the
yoke of the Danes. To him succeeded Eic-
CUS, for three years, but expelled. To him
Egbert, Anglicus, for five years ; elected on
the revelation of Saint Cuthbert. To him
SiTHRic, a Dane, and apostate, who, on
account of his repudiation of Editha, the sister
of Ethelstan, was slain by this same Ethel-
stan, and his kingdom taken possession of by
him.

After Brithric, the kingdom of North-
umberland was transferred to King Ethel-
stan.

Egbert.

added to his kingdom the realms of the Mercians, of the Kentish men, and Northumbrians,

and took Leicester from the Britons, up to this time in their possession ; and now, when, with

the consent of all his nobles, he had been crowned sole monarch of Britain, he ordained that

from that day henceforward all the Saxons and Jutes should be called English, and Britain

England.

PROFANE HISTORY,

Pabt 1.
Cliitpter IX.

KINGDOM OF THE DEIRII.

schools which OfFa, King of the Mercians had
founded. He sent yearly three hundred marks
to Eome : one hundred for the lights of St.
Peter ; one hundred for those of St. Paul ;
and one hundred for our Lord the Pope ; and
moreover freed the churches of his realm from
all royal dues, and gave the tenth of his pos-
sessions to heaven. On his way home from
Eome, he married Judith, the daughter of
Charles the Bald, for which reason his elder
sons, with many nohles of his realm, rose
against him, so that he could scarcely appease
the tumult by the transfer of a large portion
of his dominions. He caused the aforenamed
Alfred to be crowned by Pope Leo, as future
King of England. He was buried at Winton.
To him succeeded his eldest son Ethelbald, for
three years ; of whom it is observable, that
after his father's death, he married, contrary
to the Catholic faith, his stepmother Judith.
After five years' reign, two with his father
and three alone, he died, and was buried at
Schirboriun (Sherborne).
In the year of grace dccclx., Ethelbert succeeded his brother Ethelbald in the kingdom
of the West Saxons for five years. In his time a large force of the Daci (Danes), after
ravaging Winton, were overtaken by the King's Duke, before they could regain their ships,
and exterminated.

In the year of grace DCCCLXV., Ethelred, the third brother, followed his two elder in
the kingdom for five years. In his time the Danes killed Osbert and EUe, two kings of
the Northumbrians, at York.

In the year of grace DCCCLXV., after being crowned by Pope Leo at Eome, Alured
came to the crown A.D. (dccc)lxxi., and was crowned a second time at Winton. He had
by his wife Edswytha three sons, Edward the elder, Edward the younger, and Ethelward ;
and three daughters, Elfleda, wife of Ethelred, Duke of the Mercians, Saint Ethelgora,
a nun, and Elfrida. This Alured was a noted founder of monasteries, and divided his
revenues into six parts ; the first part to the poor, the second to foundations, the third to
schools, the fourth to lights (luminaribus), the fifth to the military, the sixth to his operatives
and artificers. He officiated at mass and the other divine offices, and at the prayers.

KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI.

who transferred the kingdom of the Mercians
to a certain Ceolwulph, under the agreement
to resign it to them whenever they wished,
and with this condition he swore them fealty.

The kingdom of the Mercians is trans-
ferred to the kings of the West Saxons.

Saint Edmund.

In the year of grace DCCCLXI., Saint Ed-
mund began to reign ; but in his fourth year
he was made prisoner by Hubba and Hinguar,
the Danes, and, tied to a tree, was covered
with arrows and beheaded. His head, hid-
den amongst brambles, made itself known to
the persons searching for it, by calling out
in his native tongue, " Here, here, here."
With it was found a wolf, holding the head
in its paws, which quietly followed the assem-
bled crowd. But the king, still illustrious in
his miracles, was buried at Burg. — Gitro, a
Dane and pagan, after baptism by King Alfred
Athelstan, (followed.)

PART I. CHAPTER IX. 49

In the year of grace dccclxxvi., Kollo, a Dane, first entered Normandy. Charles
the Simple, or Fat, was there often in conflict with this Eollo, and at length, after a
discussion with his Council, came to the following agreement with him : that after being
baptised, he should receive the whole of Normandy and Armorica from the French
king, whom he was to recognise for his superior lord. Having done so, the byestanders
persuaded him to kiss the king's foot for this boon, but he, disdaining to be brought to
his knees, drew, still standing, the king's foot to his mouth, so that he (the king) fell
backwards. At this the Normans laughed, the Francs grew pale ; Eollo excused his
imprudence, by pretending native usage. He was baptised by Franco, Archbishop of
Rouen, by the name of Eothbert, and died soon afterwards at Eouen, after a disposition
of his affliirs, leaving behind him a son, William, and a daughter, Gerloc.

Part 1.
Chapter IX.

PART I.

CHAPTER X.

TAJfC I.

Chapter X.

On the recommendation of Neoth, the Abbot, whom he frequently visited, he instituted at
Oxford pubHc schools of various (literary) arts, where the Monk and Abbot Saint Grimbald
gave the first instruction. He gave freedom to Saint Cuthbert, and reigned completely as
king for xxxi. years, but (had to contend) with many difficulties. We was buried at
Winton, in the new monastery which he had built.

Nobilitas innata tibi probitatis honorem
Armipotens Alurede dedit, probitasque laborem;
Perpetuumque labor nomen, oui mixta dolori
Gaudia semper erat, spes semper mixta timori :
Si modo victus erat ad crastina bella parebat,
Si modo victor erat ad crastina bella pavebat.
Jam post transactas regni viteque labores
Christus ei sit vera quies, sceptrumque perbenne.

In the year of grace dccccxxiiij., the
coronation of Athelstan,at Kingston, in Surrey,
near London, who reigned xvi. years. He
was an excellent and noble king ; he was the
builder of the convents Middleton and Muche-
hnay ; he granted large possessions and gifts
to the church of St. Paul, at London, and to
other churches and religious buildings. He
overthrew in battle Hoel, King of the Britons,
and Constantine, King of the Scots. This
same Constantine having afterwards rebelled,
he compelled him to cede his kingdom, but
afterwards permitted him to resume it, saying
it was more glorious to make a king than to be
one. When Constantine rebelled a second time,
Athelstan overcame him through the prayers
of Saint John of Beverley, and laid waste all

In the year of grace DCCCCi., Edward, by
surname the elder, reigned xxiiu. years after
his father. Liferior to liis parent in the
encouragement of learning, he surpassed him
in secular glory. For he built new cities,
and repaired those dilapidated ; he founded
monasteries, and fixed many parochial churches
and episcopal ones in the eastern (parts). He
extended the boundaries of his kingdom more
than his father, and also subdued the kings of
the Scots, the Cumbrians, and the Wallani
under him. He wrenched Eastsex, North-
umbria, and Mercia from the hands of the
Danes. After the death of his sister Ethel-
fleda, he gained the whole of Mercia. By
Edwina, his concubine, he had Athelstan, his
first-born ; by his Queen Edgiva he had
Ethelward, Edwyn, and six daughters, as is
above more fully displayed. He was buried
at Winton, in the new monastery.

In the year of grace Dccccxii., on the
death of Rollo, the first Duke of Normandy,
he was succeeded by his son William Longa
Sputa, who had been converted to Christianity

PABT I. CHAPTER X.

Scotland as far as Dunfermline. Wherefore
Eugenius, King of Cambria, and this same
King of the Scots, meeting in a place called
Dakir, submitted themselves and their people
to the said Athelstan ; in grace of which cove-
nant, Athelstan directed Constantine's son to
be baptised, and himself raised him from the
holy font, and privileged the lands of Saint
John, who, when dead, was buried at Malmes-
bury.

In the year of grace Dccccxxi., the King
of the Scots, with his force, and the Danish
King, (together) with all the inhabitants of
Northumbria, and the King of the Walli,
with his force, chose King Edward for their
superior and lord, and made with him a bind-
ing covenant.

In the year of grace DCCCCXLVi., the
coronation of Edred, the very pious brother
of King Edmund, who, when he had reigned
XI. years, was buried at Winton, in the old
monastery. When he died, angels sang in
the hearing of Saint Dunstan, " King Edred
now rests in peace." This Edred, after con-
quering the Northumbrians, turned his ensigns
towards Scotland, now rebellious ; but the
Scots were struck with such terror, that they
submitted without a contest, and swore the
accustomed fealty to their (superior) lord,
before the king whom he had set over them.

In the year of grace dcccclv., the coro-
nation of Edwyn, the eldest son of Edred.
He was buried in the fourth year of his reign,
at Winton. Having hastened to conjugal
pleasures the day after his consecration, and
being thereupon upbraided by holy Dunstan,
he outlawed him. During his reign the Scots
made no rebeUion ; but the Northumbrians
and Mercians deposed him, in consequence of
his wicked life. The soul of this Edwyn,

by the Emperor Henry, son of Otho, Duke of ^*!! '■
Saxony. Lodowyc, King of the Franks, had '^''°''"'' ^•
him treacherously killed, in the twenty-fifth
year of his dukedom. The nobles, incensed
thereat, took this king prisoner at Eouen, and
detained him till he had sworn and promised
to restore Normandy to Eichard the son, and
thri in all future conferences of the King and
Duke, Eichard should be girded with his
sword, but that the King should wear neither
knife nor sword.

In the year of grace DCCCCLX., the coro-
nation of King Edward, the brother of Athel-
stan, who was slain in the sixth year of his
reign, at a certain meeting, by one Leof, in
the presence of all his nobles, and was buried
at Glastonbury. He was truly pious and pru-
dent ; he freed Lincoln, Nottingham, Ley-
cestre, and Stafford from the power of the
Danes, and he restored rebellious Mercia and
Northumbria to his rule. But as the Scots
during his reign made no rebellion, he gave
Cumbria, which had revolted, to Malcolm,
King of Scotland, with this condition, that he
should afford him aid everywhere.

In the year of grace DCCCCXLiiJ., on the
death of William Longa Sputa, his son Eichard
followed, who whilst a youth was called " old,"
and ^'fearless," because he never was afraid.
By his wife Ewyna, (sprung) from Danish
nobility, he had five sons and three daughters,
of whom the eldest, Emma by name, was the
Norman " Gem ;" her he man'ied to Ethel-
red, King of England. This Eichard was
accustomed to pay his devotions in every
church which he passed, and at all events,
when he could not find an entrance or the
door, to ejaculate a prayer. Whence, one
night having entered a church alone, he
found a corpse in a vault without an attendant.

PEOFANE HISTORY.

PiBT I. ijeing subsequently released by St. Dunstan,

Chapter X. i p i j > •,

was transierred to a seven years penitence
(in the place) for souls.

In the year of grace DCCCCLIX., Eadgar
the Peaceful reigned xvi. years after his
brother, in whose time an angelic voice
sounded, " Peace to the Enghsh Church, of
the boy now born, and of Saint Dunstan."
He built XL. monasteries, and restored others
dilapidated ; expelling thence the seculars, he
introduced (monks) regulars. Moreover, for
the defence of his kingdom, he built three
thousand and sixty ships, which he distributed
through the four parts of his kingdom. He
had by Elfleda, called Candida, his eldest son
Edward, King and martyr. Subsequently,
by Elfrida, he had Edmund and Ethelred;
and finally, of Saint Wilfrith, he had Saint
Elfrith. Now this Wilfrith was not really a
nun, as Sibolgar foolishly imagines, but had
only been veiled from dread of the king ;
who, being reproved for this by holy Saint
Dunstan, was enjoined a seven years' penance.
He bound Kynad, King of Scotland, Malcolm,
King of Cumbria, and other kings whom he
had cited to his court, by a joint and firm
oath, so that when they met him, in obedience
to his commands, in the city of Legions, he
led them as in triumph up the river : placing
them in the boat, he compelled them to row
whilst he sat at the prow. By this he showed
his regal magnificence and his greatness, in
so many subject kings. He is afterwards
reported to have said, " Now at least might
his successors boast that they were kings of
England, since they enjoyed such a preemi-
nence of honour," He was buried at Glas-
tonbury.

In the year of grace dcccclxxix., corona-
tion of Ethelred, the brother of Saint Edward,

He placed his gloves upon the reading desk,
when, lo ! the dead man showed himself to
the Duke, with extended arms, before the
doors of the church. The Duke made on
the forehead the sign of the cross, and adjured
it solemnly to betake itself to rest, which,
when it did not, he cut it into two parts, and
divided with his sword. After going away,
recollecting that he had forgotten his gloves,
he returned and fetched them ; but he or-
dained that thenceforward vigils should be
held over dead bodies throughout all his
dominions.

At a certain meeting, Lynad, King of
Scotland, is reported to have said, jestingly,
that he wondered that so many provinces
should be subjected to such a manakin as
King Edgar. This was not concealed from
Edgar, and he sent for Kynad, as to a con-
sultation, and led him far into a wood, where
he offered him one of two swords which he
had brought, saying, " Now we may try our
power, as we are alone, that by the event it
may appear which ought to govern. It was
disgraceful to a king to be a braggart at the
banquet, and not to be ready to combat."
Confounded at this, he (Lynad) fell at the
King's feet, asking and obtaining forgiveness
for his foolish speech.

Of the Anglican world supreme and flower,
Edgar is not less memorable to the English
than Cirus to the Persians, Eomulus to the
Eomans, Alexander to the Greeks, Charles
to the Franks ; in whose praise some one
sings :

Auctor opum, vindex scelei-um, largitor bonorum

Setriger Eadgarus regna superna petit.

Hie alter Salamo legiim pater, orbita pacis

Quod claniit bellis, claruit inde magis

Templa deo, templis monachos, monaohis dedit agros

Nequicie lapsum, justicieque locum.

PART I. CHAPTER X.

who reigned xxxvii. years. The course of
his hfe was hopeless and unlucky in its com-
mencement, unhappy in its progress, and
disgraceful at its conclusion. For when the
holy Dunstan baptised him, he defiled the
holy font by effluctions from his bowels.
Vexed at this, Dunstan exclaimed, " Through
God and his mother he will be unready;" and
on the day of his coronation added, " because
thou hast aspired, with thy odious mother,
(to the crown,) by the death of thy brother,
blood and the sword shall not depart from
thee until a people of an unknown tongue
shall have reduced (thy nation) to the deepest
slavery." This Ethelred had by his queen
Ethelgina, Edmund, surnamed Ironsides, Ed-
wyn, and Ethelstan, and a daughter, Edgina.
Afterwards, by the Norman Emma, he had
Alfred and Saint Edward, afterwards King.
Dying in the xxxYllUh. year of his reign, he
was buried at Saint Paul's, in London. Of
him it is remarked, being himself a king
acceptable to God, who had so devout a
father, a martyr for his brother, and Saint
Edward the Confessor for his son, that he
had merited more than to have been afflicted
with so many crosses, according to the pro-
phecy of Saint Dunstan : " The sword does
not cease to rage against thy house all thy
days."

In the year of grace Dccccxcvr., on the
death of Richard the First, third Duke of
Normandy, his son Eichard the Second suc-
ceeded, at the age of seventeen, who, on
account of his mild (disposition) was called
Eichard the Good. For in his devotions he
was fervent, in worldly matters discreet, in
giving willing and prudent. By his first wife
he had Eichard and Eobert, his successors,
and three daughters ; by his second wife he
had William, and Eobert Archbishop of
Eouen. A follower of this Eichard had once
stolen a spoon, and pledged it, amongst other
things. The duke, who alone knew of the
matter, had all the pledges of this knight
redeemed, who, when he saw the stolen spoon,
was so ashamed that he fled to a considerable
distance. But the Duke, following the fugitive,
gave him donatives, and thenceforward held
him in great estimation.

Maria, the daughter of Edward, married
to the Count of Boulogne, brought him an
only daughter, by name Matilda, his heiress,
married to the Count of Mauritania (the Mo-
rini) ; but he dying without descendants, she
was afterwards married to Stephen, King of
England.

Pakt I.
Cliapter X.

PAET I.

CHAPTER XI,

chapter

The coronation of Edmund, the son of King
Ethelred, A.D. MXVII., called Ironsides, on
account of the indomitable vigour of his mind,
who in one year was victor in three arduous
battles, and overcame Knut, the interloper,
in single combat. In the first year of his
reign, he was slain at Oxford, in the manner
following: — Edmund having turned aside for
the requisites of nature, Edric, the traitor,
hiding himself deeply amongst the brambles,
transfixed King Edmund by an arrow betwixt
the privities ; and proceeding straight to Knut,
addressed him with, " Hail, sole king." This
Edmund had two children, Edmund and Ed-
ward, whom Cnut, at the instigation of the
traitor Edrick, fearing to be thought cogni-
zant of the murder of their father, sent to the
King of the Suevi (Swedes) to be destroyed ;
but he, fearing God, transmitted them to Solo-
mon, King of the Huns, to be taken care of.
There Edmund married the daughter of the
king of that country, but died shortly without
children. Edward, however, married the
daughter of Henry the Emperor, of whom he
had the holy Margaretha, Queen of the Scots,
Christina, nun, and Edgar Atheling. This
Edmund Ironsides was buried at Glastonbury,
near his ancestor Edgar.

In the year of grace mxvi., Knut, the
Dane, was crowned at Westminster, and

In the year of grace mxxv., of Knute,
King of England (vill.), on the death of
Eichard II., fourth Duke of Normandy,
Kichard III. succeeded. Him his younger
brother removed by poison, in the first year
of his dukedom. Wherefore, afterwards, in
the eighth year of his rule, this Eobert, con-
science stricken, went as a pilgrim to Eome,
and died in Bithinia. Of him it is recorded,
that in war he was spirited, in bounties liberal,
in lending profuse. Passing once through
the town of Falaise, in Normandy, he saw a
young damsel, the daughter of a tanner,
dancing with others in a ring. With her he
entered into connexion during the night, and
he took her some time as his wife. He had
by her William the Conqueror of England,
whose future greatness was foretold by a
dream of his mother, in which she saw her
bowels spread over all England. And in
slipping from the womb, he touched the
ground mth his fist, and filled both hands
with dust from the floor, sweeping it together,
and closing them ; from which the nurse
augured that he would be a king hereafter.
This young damsel Arlet, when she was
brought the first night to the bed of Eobert,
tore her garment from her chin to her feet ;
and being questioned by the Duke wherefore
she had done so, replied, that it was not fitting

TART I. CHAPTER XI.

reigned xix. years. In the xv, year of his
reign, he went to Eome, whence (after) purg-
ing his sins, he returned the same year to
England by sea, and found Scotland in rebel-
lion. But in an expedition thither, he first
gained King Malguinus by a negociation, and
having subjected to him Malcolm and two other
kings, Merbate and Germali, he became Lord
of Dacia (Denmark), of all England, as well as
of Norway and Scotland. He had by his first
wife, a Danish (lady), Harold Barefoot, whom
he designated as King of England after his
death ; and by Emma, the mother of Saint
Edward, he had Hartknut andGunilda. His
putative son Sweyn he destined as King of
England, and Hartknut as King of the Danes.
Dying at Septonium (Shaftesbury), he was
buried at Winton, in the old monastery. Of
him three remarkable things are told : first,
that he married his daughter to the Emperor
Conrad II. ; secondly, that he brought with
him from Eome a large piece of the Lord's
Cross ; thirdly, that his seat being once placed
on the shore of the sea when flowing, he com-
manded the waves to rise no higher, lest they
should wet his robes ; the tide, nevertheless,
as was natural, rose higher, and made his
legs wet : the king, springing backwards,
exclaimed, " Let all mortals know that a
king is impotent, and that no one is in any
way worthy of the name of king but he to
whose laws all things are obedient." And
from that hour he never wore the crown on
his head, but placed it over the head of the
crucifix at AVinton.

In the year of grace mxliij., the corona-
tion of Saint Edward, that famous King and
Confessor, the pacific king and England's glory,
the son of Ethelred, who, after reigning xxiiu.
years, in the fourth indiction, changed his

that the bottom part of her garment, which ^''l^ '■
had covered her feet, should be turned to the '"'"'"" ^'■
lips of her lord.

This Duke Eobert, when setting out for
Jerusalem, convoked all his nobles at Fecamp,
where he caused them all to swear fealty to
his son William, then seven years old ; to
whom he assigned Count Gilbert as a tutor,
and appointed Henry, King of France, as
protector of the tutor. But the nobles kept
their fealty (only) to the death of Eobert ;
and when they heard of his decease, every
one looked to himself, and neglected their
pupil.

In the year of grace mxxxvi., the coro-
nation of Harold Harefoot, the bastard son
of Knut, who was buried at Westminster, in
the fourth year of his reign : his body was
afterwards dug up by his brother Hartknut,
decapitated, and thrown into the Thames ;
but which a fisherman drew out, and buried
in the Danish cemetery, in London. To him
succeeded his brother Hartknut, who, in the
third year of his reign, standing up hale and
joyous to drink at a marriage feast, suddenly
fell backwards, and expired in the presence
of all the bystanders. He was buried at
Winton.

In the year of grace mlxvi., Harold,
Duke of Kent, a cunning and shrewd man,
finding that he could not defer his prepara-
tions, placed the diadem on his own head
without delay, on the feast of the Epiphany,
immediately following the burial of Saint Ed-
ward, having extorted their oaths from the
nobility. Subsequently, on the day of Pope
Calixtus, he lost both realm and life, at the
battle of Hastings, and was buried at Wal-
tham Canonicorum . G ilbert Cambrensis, how-
ever, in his Itinerary, surmises that Harold,

PROFANE HISTORY.

Part
ChApier

temporal for an eternal kingdom. He was
sumptuously buried at Westminster, which he
had built at an immense expense, and which
he still illumines with stupendous miracles.
In this king the Hne of the kings of the Angli
failed, which had been, as we read, uninter-
rupted for DLXXi. j'ears, from Cerdic, the first
king of the West Saxons, except for the few
years in which the Danes, sent for our sins,
liad a short rule in England. By command
of this Saint Edward, Siward, Earl of North-
umberland, gave battle to Mathiota, King of
Scotland, and deprived him of life and king-
dom, and constituted Malcolm, son of the
King of Cumbria, King of Scotland, by King
Edward's command. In the Chronicle of St.
Alban's we find that Edward gave the king-
dom of Scotland to the above Malcolm, with
the daughter of his nephew, to be held of
him.

In the year of grace mlxvi. , William Duke
of Normandy, coming to London, was crowned
king by Alured, Archbishop of York, because
Stigand Archbishop of Canterbury refused,
at Westminster, on the day of our Lord's
nativity, which then happened on a Tuesday.
In the next XL. (quarenta. Lent) he went into
Normandy, leaving his brother Odo, Bishop
of Bayeux, in charge of England, taking with
him many of the English nobility, among them
Edwin, Count of the Marches and Poitou, and
Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, much
against his wish, under the pretence of honour,
but (really) lest he should hatch any plot during
his absence. It is difiicult to tell how very
submissively the whole land received him, by
carefully rising to and meeting him in long
and pompous processional fetes. King Wil-
liam, returning again to England when winter
was setting in, laid an insupportable tax on

pierced by many wounds, and having lost his
left eye from a javelin, when conquered went
to Chesler, where, it is thought, he became
an anchorite, in Saint Jacob's Moat, near the
church of Saint John, and where he died
happily, as appeared from his last confession.
And this opinion is confirmed by the general
behef of that city. Saint Eobert, Abbot of
Kievaulx, also, in his Life of Saint Edward,
cap. XXIV., towards the end, where he says:
Harold either died wretchedly, or was reserved
for penitence.

In the third year of William the Con-
queror, this said William, led by certain
(persons), ordered all the monasteries of Eng-
land to be searched, and all the moneys
found to be carried into his treasury ; and
in the xviu. year of his reign, took six sohdi
of gold and silver from every hide throughout
England. In the second year following, he
had put in writing how much land every baron
possessed, how many feudal retainers, how
many currucates, how many bondmen, how
many (heads of) cattle ; and the land was
much troubled by the quarrels thence arising.
The above descriptions were in a small volume,
placed in the royal archives at Winton.

This William was certainly a man of (great)
wisdom and shrewdness; rich, but avaricious;
boastful, but emulous of fame ; affable, and
devoted to heaven, but harsh to such as ob-
structed him. At the New Forest, in Hamp-
shire, he destroyed the towns and churches for
thirty miles, to put into it beasts (of chase),
and so (strictly), that he who caught an animal
lost an eye. He who forced a woman lost his
genitals ; so that a damsel laden with gold
might traverse the entire kingdom harmless.
On the rebellion of Malcolm, King of Scot-
land, this king Conquistor led an army by sea

PART I. CHAPTER XI.

the English. He besieged and took Exeter,
a city in rebellion ; and in the same year,
Queen Matilda, coming from Normandy into
England, was crowned.

In the year of grace mlxxxviii., on the
fifth of the kalends of December, was the
coronation of William Eufus, who, engaging
on great things, and contemplating greater
if fate had protracted his life, grievously
oppressed the church and kingdom. In his
eighth year, when Malcolm, King of Scotland,
rebelled, and invaded Northumberland, Wil-
liam, with his brother Eobert, led their armies
towards Scotland. Malcolm, filled with great
alarm, met him in the district of Leodis (Leeds)
and was made their hege-man.

William paid his brother Eobert three
thousand marks for the kingdom of England.
The devil spoke in person to men of this
king's crimes and approaching death ; for he
was slain by an arrow whilst hunting in the
New Forest, and was buried at Winton.

In the year of grace Mcxxxvi., the coro-
nation of Stephen, Count of Boulogne, the
nephew of King Henry, at Westminster, on
the thirteenth kalends of January. He was
an excellent warrior, but of most depraved
mind, and was crowned contrary to the oath
he had taken to the Empress. In the first
year of his reign, Henry, son of David, King
of Scotland, made homage to him and fealty,
which David himself refused, because he had
already sworn to the Empress.

But in the fifth year of Stephen, M(aud),
the Empress, came into England, to reclaim
her rights ; whence great strife arose betwixt
her and King Stephen.

and land into Scotland ; but the aforesaid p*^;^ '
Malcolm came to a place called Aberything, '^'"''"" ^^'
and there became his liege (man).

In the year of grace MCl., on the nones
of August, the coronation of King Henry the
First, at Westminster, who reigned xxxvi.
years. To him Almighty God granted three
favours, namely, wisdom, conquest, and riches.
He was crowned whilst his elder brother tar-
ried long on his pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and
who, returning thence, lived for some time
amicably with his brother. Subsequently
feuds grew up betwixt them, and Eobert, being
conquered and captured, was ordered into
custody, and kept therein during life, after
being deprived of his eyesight. This Henrj'
took to wife Matilda, daughter of Malcolm,
King of Scotland, of whom he had William,
and Matilda, afterwards Empress. Out of
matrimony he had Eobert and Eichard. In
the XXI. year of his reign, his two sons, Wil-
liam and Eobert, and his daughter Johanna,
were drowned at Werbefleet, on their return
to England, and many nobles of Normandy
and England with them. On the death of
Henry the Emperor, Matilda the Empress
was married to Geoffry Plantagenet, Count of
Anjou, who had by her Henry, King of Eng-
land, Geofl&T, and WlUiam.

This King Henry, in the xxvi. year of
his reign, caused the nobles of England to
swear fealty in favour of his daughter the
Empress, if she should survive her father,
without

PART I.

CHAPTER XII,

PiEi^i. jj^ Q^Q seventh year of his reign, a battle
cimp. XII. ^^^-^ place, on the feast of the Purification
of the blessed Mary, at Lincoln, in which
King Stephen was taken prisoner, but ex-
changed the year following for Eobert, Earl
of Gloucester, brother of the Empress Maud,
who had been captured at Winton. Subse-
quently, King Stephen, and Henry Duke of
Normandy, son of the Empress, entered into
the following treaty : — Stephen should reign
during his lifetime, and then the other should
succeed as heir of the kingdom. Now King
Stephen died in the twentieth year of his
reign, and was buried at Feversham, which
he had founded. On the death of Stephen,
Athelithia, Countess of Blois, setting her eldest
son WiUiam aside for insanity, raised Theo-
bald, her second son, to be Count of Blois,
and sent her third to her brother, Henry the
First, King of England, to be brought up,
who married him to Matilda, relict of the
Count of Mortaigne, and daughter of Eustace,
Count of Boulogne. Henry, the fourth son,
became a monk at Olney, whom his uncle
Henry made Abbot of Glastonbury, and sub-
sequently Bishop of Winton.

In the year of grace Mcxc, the corona-
tion at Westminster of Eichard, son of Henry
the Second. This most industrious, though
in his love of war too ardent a king, in .the
second year of his reign entered on a journey

his leaving any (male) descendants. This
Henry died in Normandy, in the xxxvi.
year of his reign, and was buried in England,
at Reading, which he had newly built from
the foundations.

In the year of grace MCLV., on the kalends
of January, the coronation of Henry the Second,
son of the Empress, who reigned xxxvi. years,
and excelled remarkably in the contests both of
Mercury and Mars. He kept the dominions
received from his father with a high hand in
peace. By permission of the Pope, he con-
quered Ireland, and completely subdued Scot-
land. Inclosing under his sway the islands
from the Southern Sea to the Northern Or-
cades, he kept them under, and thus enlarged
(his dominions). He made a fortunate mar-
riage with Eleanor, daughter and heiress of
the Duke of Aquitaine, who had been divorced
from Louis King of France for too great
affinity. By her he had five sons and two
daughters, and, contrary to the rights of the
Church, he had his son Henry crowned ; who
took to wife the daughter of Louis, King of
France. To him, on the day following his
coronation, his father caused William, King of
Scotland, David, his brother, and the Barons
and counts of their realm, to swear fealty, and
themselves vassals of the young king, saving
their fealty (to himself). From the same
cause the King gave Aquitaine to his son

PART I. CHAPTER XII.

to Jerusalem, with Philipp, King of the
Franks. He captured the island of Cyprus,
having subdued and taken prisoner the Em-
peror of the island. Here he married the
daughter of the King of Navarre, whom he
took with him on his journey. He then went
to the land of the Jerusalemites, and the town
of Jerusalem was taken by the aforesaid kings ;
but the King of France returned hastily to his
own dominions. King Eiehard made a longer
stay, and on his return home was captured by
the Duke of Austria, and sold to the Emperor
Henry. After being detained a long time in
captivity, he was ransomed by England for
one hundred thousand marks of silver and
gold. In the tenth year of his reign, on the
eighth of the kalends of April, he was struck
by an arrow from a baHsta, at the siege of
the castle of Cheluz, and slain. The castle
was soon taken by storm, when he permitted
for the love of God the author of his death
to go free. His body was by his own desii'e
buried at Fontevraud. He was sur named, on
account of his invincible courage, Cceur de
Lion.

This King John brought rebellious Ire-
land under the yoke of his power. In his
ninth year the interdict commenced, and con-
tinued for seven years, because the king obsti-
nately resisted (the instalment of) Stephen
Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury, after
he had been confirmed by the Pope. For
this reason our Lord the Pope released the
vassals of John from their fealty, and wrote
to the neighbouring kings to rise against
John. Upon their subsequent reconcihation,
he submitted himself to our Lord the Pope,
paying him yearly for England seven hundred
marks, and three hundred for Ireland. He
murdered Arthur, the son of his brother
GeoflS-y, and kept the sister of this Arthur in

Eiehard ; to GeofFry the county of Brittany, ^*!! '•
with the daughter of its Count, of whom he *'*'"'' ''"
had Arthur, and a daughter Eleanor. To
John he gave Ireland, with the county of
Mortaigne. In his eleventh year, St. Thomas
of Canterbury suffered under him. This king
kept Eosamund, a most beautiful damsel, (as
mistress.) To him succeeded his son Eiehard,
for ten years : a warlike man, and a famous
conqueror. And in the same year, in the
month of December, William, King of Scot-
land, came to Canterbury, to his lord King
Eiehard, and did him homage ; nor in the
reign of this king is any rebelhon of the Scots
recorded.

In the year of grace MCC, the coronation
of King John, brother of Eiehard, at West-
minster, who of Isabella, daughter of the
Count of Aquitaine, had Henry afterwards
King, and Eiehard Earl of Cornwall, after-
wards King of the Eomans, and three daugh-
ters, of whom one was married to the Emperor
Frederic, another to the King of Scotland, and
the third to William Mariscallo, Earl of Pem-
broke, and subsequently to Simon de Montfort,
Earl of Leicester, who had by her six children.

Saint Louis, above named, entertained
Saint Thomas of Canterbury, when an exile.
When he was returning from the Holy Land,
his long continence, and want of feminine
connexion, had, in the opinion of his physicians,
induced a sickness; and both physicians and
prelates recommended him, on account of the
great distance of his queen, that he should
enjoy another damsel. He rephed, " I would
rather die by disease chaste, than live an
adulterer ;" and thus committing all to God,
he recovered.

In the year of grace MCCXVil,, the coro-
nation of the boy Henry, the son of King John,
at eleven years old at Gloucester, because

PROFANE HISTORY.

Part I. perpetual captivity at Bristol. Whereupon
Chap. XII. ^j^^ i^ing of France took possession of Nor-
mandy, Bretagne, Poitou, Anjou, and Sain-
tonge, as for a committed felony. John died
in the xvii. year of his reign, and was buried
at Worcester in the Monk's Choir, betwixt
the Saints Wolfstan and Oswald. In the first
year of his reign he received the homage of
William, King of Scotland, on a high hill
Avithout the city of Lincoln, in the presence
of an assembled multitude.

In the year of grace mcclxxiij., the coro-
nation of King Edward, son of King Henry,
on the XIIIJ. kalends of September, who had
for his wife Eleanor, daughter of Ferdinand,
King of Spain, by whom he had four sons
and six daughters. On her death, when
great dissensions had arisen betwixt him and
the French king, an agreement was come to
under the following conditions : — That Ed-
ward should marry Margaretha, sister of the
King of France, and that Edward his son
should marry Isabella, daughter of the said
(king) ; and so was done accordingly. Ed-
ward the First had of his wife Margaretha
two sons, Edward of Woodstock, and Thomas
Archbishop of Eouen. Henry died in the
LVii. year of his reign, and was buried
at Westminster. This son Edward, (related)
in the second degree to Saint Louis, through
his wife, had the surname of Longshanks, and
was superior Lord of Scotland ; who, when he
had reigned xxxiiiJ. years, died at Burg-on-
the-Sands, and was buried at Westminster,
near to his father.

He repelled the Saracens, Scots, Wallenses,
and false Christians ; and there was found in
him whatever belongs to regal glory, and
of whatever consists honour, or wealth, or
(large) possessions.

Westminster was then besieged by his enerilies ;
but in the fourth year subsequently (it was
performed) a second time at Westminster.
He had the daughter of the Count of Provence
for wife, and had by her two sons and two
daughters. To him, in the XXXV. year of
his reign, Alexander, King of Scotland, did
homage, obtaining at the same time his daugh-
ter Margaretha for wife, when his barons had
risen up against him

(Here is the only place where, for about three lines,
the MS. is illegible.)

they were

taken with others at Evesham, where

Simon de Montfort was slain.

This king died in the LVII. year of his
reign, and was buried at Westminster, which
he had caused to be renovated at his own
individual expense. How much of innocence,
how much devotedness, what great patience,
and what merit he deserved of heaven in his
lifetime, his miracles after death testify.

To this Edward Longshanks, in the seventh
year of his reign, all the nobles of the king-
dom of Scotland did homage, taking him for
their liege lord, and conceding to him and to
his heirs supreme dominion in the kingdom of
Scotland ; whereupon he granted to them
liberty to elect their kings from the nearest
relatives of a defunct king.

PAET II.

SACRED HISTORY.

PREFACE.

Taking into consideration the intricacy of the Sacred Page, and also the diflSculties of ''''"j; "•
schoolmen in their study of that holy reading, hut more especially of those who, though
acquainted with the rudiments of History, are, by the carelessness of some, or the want
of books, unconsciously tempted, as the solutions (solucia) of inquirers or doubters (querentium
nolentiumque), to keep in memory, as it were in a bag, the narrations of these historians
concerning the ancestors from whose Levitical or regal title Christ had his origin ; when
therefore I have attempted to reduce their labours into one short work, which by the form
in which it is submitted, will have lost all intricacy, and which may, through the ocular
sense, be easily committed by the studious to memory, thus advantage will be offered to
every reader. The labour I have attempted is replete with difficulty and care, since,
though brevity must be my study as to form, I had to take care that nothing should be
subtracted of the truths of history ; but beginning from Adam, the pedigree should be
carried thi-ough the Patriarchs, Judges, and Kings, and through the contemporaneous
High Priests, even to Christ, their end in one (consistent) series.

PART II.

CHAPTER I.

Adam, created in the territory of Da-
mascus, and translated thence into Paradise,
(whence four rivers take their rise,) with the
woman made from his side whilst asleep, and
her name being given her, after prophesying
concerning Christ and the Church, and on
the same day acquiescing in her persuasion
to eat the apple, for his disobedience, after
both making themselves aprons, was cast out
of Paradise, and cherubim with flaming
swords (stationed) at the doors ; and he was
for this cursed to gain his bread by the sweat
of his brow.

This Seth Adam begat in the two hundred
and thirtieth year of his age, but out of which
Moyses passed over one hundred, whilst Adam
mourned for Abel.

This Lamech first
introduced polygamy,
when he had slain a
man to his wound-
ing and a young man

Caym, a husband-
man, grieving that his
offering, and not his
brother's, had been
rejected, slew his bro-
ther by a sevenfold
crime, after he had

to his hurt ; and been rebuked by the

NoE, on the approach of the deluge, in the
six hundredth year of his life, with seven souls,
entered into the ark, which at the command
of God he had (begun) to build one hundred
years previously; and whilst the waters in-
creased on the earth one hundred and fifty
days by the will of heaven, and the Lord
rained forty days and forty nights, on the
twenty-seventh day of the seventh month,
when the ark stood over the mountains of
Armenia, and when after forty days he had
sent forth a raven, which returned, and after
a dove had borne him an olive branch, on
the twenty-second day of the second month
went out of the ark, after the revolution
of a year fi"om the day he had entered. (For)
if to-day be one, a similar revolution of the
year will be twelve, as he entered on the
seventeenth moon (luna) of the second month.
After his sacrifice had been accepted, he
received permission to eat meat without blood ;
and in sign of a deluge past, not of a fire to
come, the rainbow was placed. With wine
which he had planted, he was the first to
become inebriated, and being derided there-
fore by Cham, he cursed him, and, blessing
his other children, died.

After the deluge, four principal kingdoms
took their rise : that of the Assyrians, in the
east, where Belus first ruled ; of the Sichie-

Paet II.
Chapter I.

SACRED HISTORY.

PiBTii. for this he declared
Chapter!, j^ ]jjg ^jfg ^^lat he

deserved a sevenfold
punishment.

Lord, and afterwards
became a wanderer,
and unstable on the
earth, having been
first cursed by the
Lord.

This Enoch, up-
right before God, lives
in Paradise withHelia;
who, from some scrip-
tures which have been
discovered, wrote a
certain Book, as is
contained in the Epis-
tle of Jude : under him
Adam is thought to
have died.

Here is termi-
nated the first age,
having years ac-
cording to the He-
brews IBC; accord-
to the Septuagint,
iiccxuiiJ.

This Jabel having discovered the por-
table (tents) of the shepherds, first dis-
tinguished flocks according to their quality
and kinds and ages.

This Jubal, the parent of singing with
the harp and organ, and inventor of the
musical arts, wrote (a charm) on a column
of bricks, and on another of marble,
against fire or a deluge.

This Tubal Caym, the inventor of the
smith's art, and fabricator of sculptured works
in metal, pleased by the sound of his hammers.

morians, in the west, with Egialus ; of the
Cithareans, in the north, where Ninus ; of
the Egyptians, in the south, with Mineus.
To Belus succeeded his wife Semiramis, who
made Babilonia the head of her kingdom.
To her Ninus, who introduced idols, by making
the image of his father ; and finally Sardana-
palus, fi:om whom Arzaces transferred the rule
to the Medes and Persians ; and Astyages,
afterwards governing them, gave his daughter
to a prince of the Persians, from whom Cirus
descended, and whom he conquered. After
his death, the kingdom was transferred to the
Persians, and Darius, the son of Astyages,
reigned with Cirus conjointly.

The first age is from Adam to Noe. The
second from Noe to Abraham. The third
from Abraham to David. The fourth from
David to the Babilonian captivity. The fifth
to Christ. The sixth from Christ to the end
of the world (seculi). These six are of the
living ; the seventh is of the dead, and
begins from the passion of the Lord. The
eighth is of the resurrectionists, which begins
from the day of judgment, and will last for
eternity. Be it remarked, that these ages
are not so called from the number of their
years, as the millenniary according to some,
but from the remarkable events done, which
may serve as a mark ; for at the commence-
ment of the second, the deluge was a purging
of the world. At the commencement of the
third, circumcision was introduced against
original sin. In the beginning of the fourth,
the unction of kings. In the beginning of
the fifth, the migrations of the people of God
to Babilon. In the beginning of the sixth,
the incarnation of the Son of God. In the
beginning of the seventh, the opening of the
celestial gat«. In the beginnbg of the

PABT 11. CHAPTER I.

first worked out from them their jubal propor-
tions.

This Sale, who in Luke is called Caynan,
built (Jeru)salem.

From this Heber the Hebrews are named,
or from Abraham, quasi Abrahei.

In the time of this Phaleth, the division
of tongues was made, at the building of the
Tower of Babel in the plain of Senaar, in
whose family the Hebrew language, the most
ancient, continued. He is also called Phalech,
and by others Dinisus.

This Nachor, the son of Thara, when he
left Caldea, took for wife Melcha, the daughter
of his brother Aram, and afterwards dwelled
in Thara of Mesopotamia ; and his brother,
dying there, whilst Abraham was sojourning
in Canaan, begot these three brothers, Huz,
Buz, and Bethuel, with five others, from one
of whom, namely. Buz, descended Balaam,
who is called by the Hebrews in Job Eliud.

This Thare, unable to bear the injuries
heaped upon him on account of the fires which
he had demanded in prayer, came into Caldea,
where he destroyed his first-born, Aram. He
sojourned with Abraham and Nachor, and the
family of Aram, in Carra of Mesopotamia, and
after completing two hundred years he died.

eighth, the resurrection of the body, and their
full deserts to the good and bad.

From these three sons of Noah proceeded
seventy- two generations (races).
From Japhet, fifteen.
From Cham, thirty.
From Sem, twenty-seven, which were

dispersed through the world.
Sem obtained Asia.
Cham, Africa.
Japhet, Europe.
We here confine ourselves to the progeny
of Sem, for the rest were Gentiles.

Abraham,after the death of Aram(Harun),
adopted his son Loth, and took to wife Saray ;
he departed with his father into Charra, and
after his father's death he went to Sichem, and
thence to the five cities ( Pentapolin) . After-
wards placing the Tabernacle betwixt Bethel
and Hay, when he had passed in Egypt his
wife for his sister, he lived on his return in
the valley of Mambre, in confederacy with
three brothers. Keturning from the slaughter
of five kings, he was blessed by Melchisidech,
to whom he had given the tithes ; he received
a sign of obtaining posterity by flocks and
sheep.

In his LXXXVIIJ. year, his son Ishmael
was born; but in his hundredth year Isaak
was born to him. In his hundred and thirtieth
year Sara died.

This Cethura Abraham took to wife, after
the death of Sara. But some say that she
was Agar, who was raised from a concubine
to a wife, which seems a mistake, for Cethura
is called married.

Here is finished the second age, having,
according to the Hebrews one thousand two
hundred and ninety, but according to the
Septuagint ILXX. two.

I'AIIT II.

Chapter I.

PAET II.

CHAPTER II.

P.4BT II.

Chapter II.

This Eebecca, sis-
ter of Laban, daughter
of Bethuel, was en-
gaged by Elieser, the
servant of Abraham,
for Ysaak, in Meso-
potamia.

This Lot, after de-
parting from the five
overthrown Sodomiti-
cal cities, begat these
two, namely Moab
and Amon. He was
made drunken by his
daughters.

This Ysaak, after Eebecca had laboured
in childbed, and when about to form a divina-
tion for Esau, in the hearing of Jacob, who,
after passing his wife on Abimelech amongst
the Gerarites as his sister, gained a hundred-
fold, and dug three wells, and a fourth in
Beersheba, (a covenant being entered into
with Abimelech and Phicol,) unconsciously
blessed Jacob, Esau being put aside.

Esau, a hairy hunter, having sold for a
dish of lentils his birthright ; and having
taken to Edom his riches and his Canaanite
wives, Judit and Bethsamath, was supplanted
by his brother in the blessing. When Jacob
returned from Mesopotamia, he met him, with
three hundred men, pacifically.

These two (Nabaroth and Cedar), with ten
others, were begotten by Ishmael, on an
Egyptian wife.

Jacob, the supplanter of his brother, both
in his birthright and his blessing, whilst
sojourning in Mesopotamia, where he had
built a pillar of promise near Luz, and com-
pleted for Eachel and Lya (Leah) a fourteen
years' servitude ; and a covenant for other
seven years being scarcely finished, with
mutuality of twigs, he departed with his
wives and eleven children from Laban, and
afterwards entered into a covenant, by raising
stones at Manaym, where he saw the abode
(castra) of the angels. Departing from the set-
tled boundaries, and passing the Brook Jaboth
(Jebbok), and having finished a morning's con-
test with an angel by a ruptured nerve, and
after changing his name, he met his brother
affrightedly, but sending presents before him.
When his daughter Dinah had been forced at
Sichem, and the Sichemites slain by treachery,
at the command of God he builded an altar,
and afterwards cleansed (it) ; and then coming
to Effreth, and after Eachel dying in chUdbed
after giving birth to Benjamin, when he had
fixed the tabernacle beyond Edar, he after-
wards, fi-om a famine in his land, went down
to Egypt, where he was honourably received

PAET II. CHAPTEE II.

by his son Joseph, who was in Pharaoh's
confidence. He finished his life through old
age, after having blessed his sons according
to their order.

Part II.
Chnpler II.

From the sons of Jacob a numerous pro-
geny descended; but it will be sufficient to
speak of Levi and Judah, because from them
Christ descended by the line below.

These Dathan and Abiron, descendants of
Eeuben, with a few assistants, wishing to have
the leading of Israel before Moyses, are swal-
lowed up by the earth, for the sedition they
had moved at the suggestion of Chora.

This Balaam, who in Job is called Eliud,
descended from Buz, and who was brought by
Amalaak to curse Israel, blessed it, (his ass
having first spoken to him,) and prophesied of
the Star and the Saviour.

These two (Amram and Is-
suar) were the sons of Caath:
however, it is only necessary to
adduce the second, because from
him descended the priests.

This Chorah quarrelled with Aaron
concerning the priesthood, because he
was from the first-born, namely, Issuar,
and there he perished by the Divine
fire, with CCCL. (others.) Dathan and
Abiron were then swallowed up.

The two (Manasses and Ephraim)
were the sons of Joseph, each of
whom made a tribe, the tribe of
Levi being disregarded in the power
of inheritance.

This Thamar, who had been given by
Judah to his two sons. Her and Onan, who
had perished for their ignominious crimes,
returned a widow to the house of her father,
(he) fearing to give her to Lelah, as he ought to
have done, according to the law, for continu-
ing his seed by her ; afterwards sitting by the
road, in a changed garment, Judah, after the
death of his wife Suah, passing to Yram to
shear sheep, and having begotten, by the
force of cohabiting, Phares and Zara, having
suspected her for an harlot, delivered her,
when led afterwards to execution, as if caught
in adultery, when she had cleared herself by
(his) pledge of a staff and a ring.

(In the original, here is a TdbU of the various
places of sojoumership in the wilderness. J

Of Eliazer are the Nadab and Abim

priests, who are placed perished by Divine fire

in this line downwards in the desert,
to Christ.

SACRED HISTOBY.

PiET II.

Chapter II.

This Joshua, who, at the command
of God, followed Moses in the leader-
ship, after two spies had been sent from
Sethim to Jericho, after seven days,
passed with all the people dryshod over
Jordan, and brought twelve stones from the
bed to its banks, other twelve being carried
from the banks to its bed. The people called
it Galgal, from the passing over. The town
of Jericho being surrounded seven days, with
the priests sounding trumpets, on the seventh
day the wall fell down. Achaz, who had
taken of the accursed thing a golden wedge
and a purple garment, was stoned ; on whose
account the Lord in anger slew thirty-six men
in Hai. When, however, Hai was burnt by
fire, the Gibeonites were taken for wood and
water servants. Five kings who besieged
Gibeon (for the prescribed space of a day the
sun and moon standing still,) he conquered.
Twenty-four kings who were with Jabin he
slew. An altar being constituted in Nichol,
he caused the blessings and curses to be pro-
claimed. He distributed all the land, to some
according to favour, to other according to
their rights. Two tribes and a half, who
fourteen years before had constructed, on his
return, mounds near the altar of Jordan, he
sent away free. And a covenant being entered
into with the people for the worship of one
God, he wrote in this Volume by the efRision
of water.

This Othniel overcame Kareathsepher,
whence he took Ayam his wife, and asked the
upper and the nether springs.

This Aroth was double-handed ;
and having slain King Eglon with a
dagger, freed Israel.

The (following) figure answers for the
understanding of what is said in Numbers,
concerning the disposition of the tribes and
Levites, on four sides around the tabernacle.
It also ftirther answers to understand the dif-
ficult passage of the agreement in Joshua,
where is shown what cities the Levites re-
ceived, and in what tribes by lot the tenths
of the flocks should be received.

PART II. CHAPTER II.

By this Ozi the priest- This Deborah,

hood is transferred from wife of Barath,

Eleazer to Heli, son of and Lapedoch,

Ythamar, and these four after Siserah was

from Thores are expelled, slain by Jael, the

wife of Abzemir, after she had

given him a drink of milk, at

length kills Jabin, whose leader

Siserah was, and she sung it in a

song.

This Naason, at the departure from Egypt, p*''^.^''
was chief in the tribe of Juda, and thus is true """^
what God said to Abraham in Genesis, namely,
that from his generation the children of Israel
should go out of Egypt ; the computation
being made according to the royal tribe, so
as to call generations not those preceding,
but following. But if in that line it be con-
tinued to the fifth generation in the sacerdotal
tribe, the order of computation counting from
Levi, Eleazer is to be followed.

This Gideon, being saluted by an angel, to
whom he offered meat on a rock, and from
the destruction of Baal's altar called Jeru-
babel, on a sign received by a fleece, with
three hundred men who had lapped water
after the canine manner, after breaking their
pitchers and sounding their trumpets, destroyed
four kings, namely, Oreb, and Zaeb, and Ze-
ber, and Salmanna.

This Abimelech, the son of Jeroboal by
a concubine, made King in Sychem by the
Sychemites, killed his seventy brothers, Jona-
than surviving, who spake the parable of the
olive and the fig, and the vine and the
bramble, to the Sychemites, and also destroyed
Sychem, with Baal its prince, by Zebub, and
was killed in the town by the fragment of a
millstone, from the hand of a woman.

This Salmon, after the destruction of
Jericho, took Eaaba, concubine, for his wife,
who sheltered the spies in Jericho, and hid
them in stalks of flax upon the wall, and
liberated them by an hempen rope, placed
in the window of her house.

This Helymelech, with his wife Noerai,
in the time of a famine, went from Bethlee
(to another country), where her sons had taken
wives, namely, Euth and Orpha. But the
sons dying, together with the father, Naomi
returned to her habitation. On this Euth
Boaz begat Obed, raising seed to his defiinct
relative.

This Abiel died after many vicissitudes,
which it would be superfluous to put down
here.

From Benjamin, of whose descendants
Kys (was), whose brother was Ner, Saul was
born, as is read in the book of Chronicles,
who was his father.

PART II.

CHAPTER III.

Pabt II.
Chap. III.

This Jepte being
ejected by his 4 sons
as spurious, and tarry-
ing in the land of Job,
afterwards was made
prince over them.
The Ammonites being
overcome, bound by a
vow, he sacrificed his
daughter, after forty
days of lamentation.
He slew forty-two
thousand Ephraymites
for (their) Sethboseth,
at the fords of Jordan.

This Helcana, de-
scended from Ysnar,
through Chore, had
two wives, Fennena,
fruitful, and Anna,
barren, who made a
vow, through faith,
that a male should be
given to her, whom
she would make a Na-
zareen. She brought
forth Samuel, whom
she delivered to Hely,
in Sylo.

This Sampson, born of Maime, after his
nativity had been predicted by an angel, and
brought up by the wife as a Nazarene, pro-
posed the riddle in Thamatha of the lion,
solved by the treachery of his wife ; when he
burnt the crops of his enemies, by foxes tied
together, and killed a thousand men at Ea-
moth-lehi with the jaw-bone of an ass, which
gave forth water, and carried the gates of
Gazah up to a mountain. Lastly, his hair
being cut off by the treachery of Dalida, he
was driven by the Philistines in a mill : his
hair growing again, he was sent for to the

Saul, whilst seeking his father's asses,
was met by Samuel going out of Eamath, and
anointed from a vial of oil. He found three
signs near the sepulchre of Eachel, at the
vale Tabor ; in the crowd of prophets he sang ;
in Masphal he was chosen by all the lots dis-
tributed through the tribes, and anointed.
After dividing oxen into pieces, and when he
had recovered the plundered first-fruits, he
heard a sign of God's anger in thunder, at
the voice of Samuel, and sacrificing, after in
vain waiting seven days, was reproved by him.
Jonathan, with his armour-bearer, put the
Phihstines to flight, without taking sword or
lance ; and Jonathan, who, contrary to the
malediction, had tasted the honeycomb, could
scarcely be withdrawn from it. Him (Saul)
God rebuked, by the election of David, through
Samuel, because he had spared Agag, the
Gagamalethite.

This Hely, priest and judge, weak in re-
proving his children, and therefore rebuked by
God, who brought up Samuel, who had been
entrusted to him, and hearing the death of
his sons, and the capture of the ark of God
by the Philistines, faUing fi'om his chair, died
of a dislocated neck.

PART II. CHAPTER III.

temple of Dagon, when he destroyed more
people dead than when alive.

Samuel, judge and prophet, after he had
liberated the children of Israel from the Phi-
listines, by a sacrificed lamb, and the stone of
the deliverance being placed at the boundaries
by the Phihstines, on the petition of Israel
chose Saul, who had been sent to him by the
Lord, for their king, confirming the unction,
and giving him a precept which he afterwards
transgressed. Being rebuked for this by the
Lord, he was afterwards driven to such
straits, that after Samuel's death he recalled
him by an enchantress. He (Samuel) after-
wards anointed David king.

Pakt II.
Chnp, III,

Here is restored the priesthood to Eleaser.
In the time of Salamon, who, Abiathur, who
was of Ythamar, being rejected, restored
Sadok, who was (descended) from Eleazar.

David, the youngest of his brethren, was
elected by God, and anointed by Samuel, in
Bedleem. He received afterwards the royal
emblems in Hebron, as king over the tribe of
Judah, for seven years and six months, in the
third (of which) over all Israel. Assuaging
Saul by his minstrelsy, having given death to
Golie, fastening Jonathan to him, he was
made son-in-law of the king, whose envy was
raised against him by the praises of the vir-
gins, as gaining a hundred provinces by his
prudence. He bore the throw of a javelin,
whilst playing, and escaped the snare of the
satellites by the cunning of Michol placing an
image in his bed. He saw uninjured, through
the aid of Samuel, Saul with his followers
prophesying in Nabaroth, where Jonathan,
exercising himself in archery, swore a cove-

This Amasa, a
leader of David's
forces, was treacher-
ously slain by Joab.

This Joab was also
a leader of David's
army.

SACRED HISTOBY.

rAiiTii. jiant. He ate the sacerdotal bread in Nob.
Chapter in. jj^j^^gg Y)emg foigncd before Achis, and
Abiather, alone of all the priests slain by
Doech having escaped, he rescued Leila,
which had been captured. In Cipha, he was
dehvered from the hand of Saul by the irrup-
tion of the Philistines. On the death of the
foolish Nabal, he married Abigail. He took
secretly a sword and a jug of water from the
head of Saul, who was pursuing him. Ee-
turning from Achis to Sichelech, he overcame
the Amalechites, After slaying the messenger
of the death of Saul, he bewailed him in a
mournful song, and after Ysboseth's decease
reigned alone. He ejected the Jebusites from
Jerusalem, and rebuilt it from the foundations.
After the Phihstines were routed at Baal-pliar-
asim, he brought back the ark to Jerusalem,
and was derided by Michol. With the promise
of a progeny, he was forbidden to build the
house of the Lord. He measured Moab with a
line, and overcame the Philistines and Ydu-
means in the valley of the Saltsprings. He
appointed official dignitaries. He slew Uriah
by the hand of the Ammonites. He fled be-
fore Absalon ; was at first reconciled to, and
afterwards pursued by him. After his death,
and after Achitophel had been hung, he
returned to Jerusalem, where he numbered
the people, against the will of Solomon, and
incurred the displeasure of God. After giving
a precept for avenging him on his enemies, he
died.

In the middle column of this work are
put the oppositions by collation of the
kings of Judah and Israel ; which oppo-
sition arises out of the different words
or writings of the prophets, from which
the Book of Kings was collected; whence.

This Salamon, after the death of Joab and
Semei, and Ydonia, having received wisdom
from God, after a sacrifice, and become known
by his judgment betwixt the harlots,, with the
assistance of Yram built the Temple in seven
years and as many months ; on the tenth
of the month September he consecrated it ;
he made the Court of the Lord, and the royal
palace. He entertained the Queen of Saba •
magnificently. He defiled his preceding life
by the love of women and the worship of
idols.

These are the names of the kings who
ruled in Israel after Salamon, and over the
ten tribes: — From Jeroboam the First to Osea,
under whom the ten tribes were sent into
captivity, by Salmanasar, King of the Assy-
rians, who placed them on the Eiver Gozam,
beyond the Persian and Median mountains ;
and it is read in the history of Alexander,
that in the same place he shut beyond the
last Carpathian mountains two unclean nations,
Gog and Magog, in the same place, lest the
whole earth should be contaminated by them.
These first of all Antichrist will hberate, and
lead thence ; and thence the Jews look for
and believe in the Messiah,

This Jeroboam, who had received ten
pieces of the garment from Achia, the Sylo-

PART II. CHAPTER III.

according to the diversities in the volume,
a different beginning is by some assigned
for the commencement of the kings both
in Israel and Judah.

This Eeboham having despised the counsel
of the seniors for that of the young men, and
vexing the people by his rashness, retained
two tribes with the Levites. His kingdom
was called Judah. Susak, King of Egypt,
being for his sins made his enemy, and by
him pressed, he exchanged the hundred golden
shields for brass.

This Asa, having fortified Gabaa and
Musphat, and the cities being cleansed of all
their stones and images, which Baasan had
collected from Kama, was rebuked by Jehu,
because he placed his hopes on Benada, who
put on him an infirmity of the feet, by placing
it on the nerve, (and) died.

This Josaphat, when his enemies invaded
the territory of Judah, received consolation
in the Temple from the oracle, which said to
him, " Oh Judah and Jerusalem, fear (not),"
&c. And the place of the division of Israel
they called the Valley of Blessing. His fleets
were destroyed at Asiongeber, according to
the prediction of Eliezer the prophet.

This Joram took to wife the daughter of
King Achab. Under him Edom ceased to be
tributary to Judah. From this Joram, Matthew,
in his narrative, passed over to Ozias. This
Ozias was slain at the siege of Eamoth Galead.

This Ocozias, because on his backsliding
he consulted the gods at Acharon, and two
(persons) of fifty years being slain, and a third
injured, was forsaken by Helias, (and) died.

nite, and flying into Egypt, after the death of
Salamon, was elected king by the ten tribes
in Sichem. He placed molten calves in Dan
and Bethel. Hearing the words of the pro-
phet Abdo, when his hand withered and was
cured, when the altar was uprooted and the
prophet Abdo was slain, through communing
with a false prophet, and not leaving his evil
ways ; and hearing by his wife, inquiring of
Achia, the Sylonite, under disguise, concern-
ing the recovery of his son, a sorrowful mes-
sage of desolation, he expired.

This Nabal was slain by Asa whilst besieg-
ing Gebethon, a city of the Philistines.

This Basa, though restrained by Jehu the
prophet, and hindered when he would build
Eama, in opposition to Asa, was slain by
Bennadab.

This Hela was made drunk, and slain by
Zamri, who was besieged and burnt by Amri
in Thersa.

This Amri, after he had reigned alone
three years, strove against Thehan, and died
after having buUt Samaria.

In the time of Achab, King of Israel,
Jericho was (re)built by Abiel. Helias, having
caused a drought, is fed by a raven, and a
widow whose son he raised. When Achab
was invited by Abdia, he killed three hundred
and fifty priests of Baal. From great dread
entertained of Jesabel, he fled into the desert,
where, after a fast of forty days, eating bread
baked in the ashes, by four signs he was

Paht II.
Jhap. Ill

SACKED HTSTOEY.

Part II.
Chap. III.

This Joram, on the death of Prince Michia,
from whom Heliseus fled into the desert, where
he received assistance of Jeosophat, and when
the King of Edom had compelled the King of
the Moabites to the sacrifice of his son ; after
the famine in Samaria, and his escape from
the swords of the Syrians, through the agency
of lepers ; after being wounded at the siege
of Kamoth Galead, was afterwards slain by
Jehu.

This Jehu, anointed whilst a child as king,
when he had slain Joram and Aziam, and had
caused Jesabel to be thrown down, and killed
the seventy children of Achab, the forty-two
brothers of Aziam being sent away, the bless-
ing of Jonabad the prophet being given, he
destroyed the priests of Baal in Samaria by a
stratagem ; overturning their temple, he made
it a privy.

ordered to anoint Azael. Jehu entertained
holy Hely. By the followers of his princes
he destroyed the army of the Syrians, where
Benbadab was taken in Afeth on the plain.
Micheam, being taken prisoner, was spared,
for which he was rebuked. When Naboth
was slain for his vineyards, he was rebuked
by Eliah, and humbled. On the false per-
suasions of Sedechia, whilst Michea dissuaded,
he besieged Eamoth Galead, and was trans-
fixed by an arrow and slain.

PART II.

CHAPTER IV.

This Athalia, all the royal seed being
destroyed except Joash, a young boy, whom
Jochabed, the wife of Joiade the High Priest,
the son of Joram, hidden in the priest's resi-
dence for six years, had brought up, was after
six years ignominiously slain.

This Joash having collected a treasure to
repair the roofs of the Temple, and having
slain Zacharia, the son of Joiade, (who had
made him king,) after he had assumed divine
honours, was slain by his servants.

This Amasias, unimproved by the parable
of the thistle of Joash, King of Israel, de-
livers over to him Jerusalem to be destroyed,
and the vessels of the house of the Lord to
be carried away, and the wall to be broken
down.

This Ozias, a lover of agriculture, when
he had usurped the priesthood from Azaria,
was struck as a leper, and in the middle height
of a mountain he finished his life. Under
him Ysaiah began to prophesy ; also Osea,
Joel, and Obdias, according to some.

This Joatham built up the Beautiful Gate,
called by the Hebrews Joatham's Gate, but
by others the Castle Tower, on which Ysaias
saw the Lord seated, and Naum with Michea
began to prophesy.

This Achaz passed his child through the
fire (to) Bennon, when besieged by Easin and

In these thirteen years the kingdom of p*";^!!-
Judah was without a king, Avhich is proved °'"'''' ^^'
by the letters of the Book of Kings, and a
comparison of the kings of Judah and Israel.

This Jeroboam governed Israel three years.

After Sardanapulus, King of the Assyrians,
their last monarch, Phul and other successors
followed in order, who, to regain their dignity,
waged wars with their neighbours, and ruled
over the ten tribes in captivity to the time of
Ezechia, when Senacherib, after the destruc-
tion of his army, fled from Judah into Assyria,
and was slain in the temple by his sons.

Manaon, after giving a thousand talents
of silver to Phul, to go away from him, pro-
vokes his anger against him by the gift of
false calves (falsorum vitulorum).

Teglaphalazar did not restore Phacee, but
carried captive two tribes and a half, taking
both aUke from Zebulon and Naptali, from
each half a tribe.

In the time of Osee, although leave was
given to go to Jerusalem thrice annually, the
ten tribes were in the captivity of Salamanasar.
Under him Tobias, whose book (nota) is of the
captivity. Samaria being three years besieged,
was filled by Scireis, (Cuthahites ?) or Jaco-
bites, or Samaritans, who, from fear of the
lions, after the law was accepted, did not put
away their idols.

SACKED HISTORY.

Chflpter IV.

Pharaoh, and consulting Ysaias, disbelieving
also the sign, he contemned him. Having
left God, he placed his hopes on Teglaphalusar,
and took away the ornaments of the Temple.
Under him Eome was founded, and Ysaias
saw the burthen of Babilon.

This Ezechias, after restoring those things
which his father had scattered, having broken
in pieces the celebrated brazen serpent, and
having heard (of the going back) of the sun
on the dial, and the contumely of Raspase
(Eab-shakeh), received through Ysaias, and
believed the sign of deliverance from Sen-
acherib, a destruction being made by an angel
after three years. Not having given praise,
he fell sick ; but a sign of recovery being
shown, through Ysaias, by the passage of the
sun, he believed, and when recovered he
sung a canticle. After he had been rebuked
by Ysaias for shewing the treasures of the house
of God to the Babilonians, he died in peace.

This Manasse, when he had followed Ysaias,
who had shown divine miracles with a wooden
saw (serra lignea), and purpled the streets of
Jerusalem with blood, seeing at length his
wickedness, changed his hfe for the better,
not without much wonder.

This Josias having humbled himself, when
terrified by the answer of Olde (Hulda), after
the Booij of Deuteronomy had been found in
the ark, pulled down idolatry from the high
places, and burnt the bones of the false pro-
phets and priests in Bethel. When he went
against the celebrated incomparable Phases,
with Pharaoh, at Megiddo, he fell, struck by
an arrow, by King Andrennio. He was incon-
solably lamented by Jeremia, when writing
his lamentations on his death, who began to
prophesy in his reign by three signs : the
growing twig, the seething pot, and the girdle.

He (Meradach) is the first famous king of
Babilon who honoured Ezechias, who, having
shown the treasures of the house of God to
his enemies, for this sin the kings of Babel
ever afterwards troubled the kingdom of Juda ;
namely, Nabuch, and others who followed him
in succession, to Balthasar, who was the latest.
For them their kingdom was translated to the
Medes and Persians ; and the seven (here)
named, from Meredac Balada to Balchasar,
were kings of the Chaldeans, who were less
famous for their deeds than their number of
kings.

This Nabuch, the two tribes being
taken captive, brought the relics of
Israel, after the death of Godolia, for
the consolidation of his kingdom, from

PART II. CHAPTEB IV.

This Jeconias the First, after killing Uriah,
and imprisoning Jeremia ; after the Book of
Barach had been torn, when he was not
admonished by the example of the Eechabites,
after giving tribute three years to Nabuch,
was slain by him, and thrown out of the walls.

This Jeconias the Second, by the advice
of Jeremia, delivered himself into the hands
of Nabuch, with whom about ten thousand
migrated, amongst whom was Ezechiel, with
Daniel and the Three Children.

This Sedechias, previously Mathanias, not
amended by the potter's vessel, nor corrected
by the destruction of the pot, but frightened
by the death of Anania, for his contradiction
to the types of Jeremia, and alarmed by the
vision of the figs, and by the contraction of a
little yoke, was besieged in his ninth year by
Nabuch. But at his departure, and the arrival
of the King of Egypt, Jeremia was derided
and taken to prison on an ass. On the return
of Naburzarda to the siege, a field being
bought for prophesying ill health to the king,
he (Jeremia) was sent into bonds. Liberated
by an eunuch, he does not cease to prophesy
evil to the king. Flying in the night, he is
caught in the fields around Jerusalem. The
city being taken in his (Zedekiah's) fortieth
year, leaving Jeremiah free in Godolia, and
with the rest carried to Babilon, sightless, and
in ignominious chains, he died and was buried
there.

Under this same Sedekiah, the kingdom of
the Jews terminated ; in which, according to
Josephus, rule was held five hundred and four
years, six months, and ten days ; but accord-
ing to the Book of Kings, not fully five hundred.
From the building of the Temple, four hundred
and seventy years, six months, and ten days
had elapsed. After this, the care of the govern-

Egypt, and after dwelling amongst wild
beasts for seven years, he was restored
to his former shape, at the prayer of
Daniel, with a seren years' penance.

Daniel, prophesying in Caldea in the time
of the captivity under Nabuch, saw ten visions,
three of which he saw concerning Nabuch.
The first of the statue, which was broken by
a small growing stone, signifying four king-
doms, to be destroyed by Christ. The second
of the angel, which delivered from the furnace
the Three Children, who would not worship
the image in the field of Daran. The third
was the epistle of the king, which says he saw
it under the form of a tree, which from its
pride was changed into an ox and a lion, not
corporeally, but through mental alienation,
and healed by the intercession of Daniel.

This Nabuch, the two tribes being taken
captive, brought the relics of Israel, after
the death of Godolia, for the consolidation of
his kingdom, from Egypt, and after dwelling
amongst wild beasts for seven years, he was
restored to his former shape through the
prayer of Daniel, with a seven years' penance.

This Nabuch the Second planted tlie gar-
dens called hanging, for his wife, who wished
to look on a garden of Media, from which she
came.

Here is finished the fourth
age, four hundred and twenty-
three according to the Hebrews ;
according to the Seventy four
hundred and seventy-four.

This Evil Meradach, the brother of the
younger Nabuch, fearing that his father might
arise again as before, and lest he should drive
him from the throne, on the advice of Joachim,

Pakt 11.
Chaplcr l\.

SACRED HISTORY.

Part u. ment devolvcd on the priests. After the return
ohap. IV. £^^^ ^YiQ captivity to the time of Christ, the
kings were few, who are noted below, after
the priests. »

This Salathiel was not begotten by Sede-
chia, but by Jeconias the Second, afler the
captivity of Babilon.

Cyrus, when Balthasar was slain, and the
kingdom of Babilon transferred to the Persians,
being induced in his first year by the writing
of Ysaia, gave leave to the Jews to return.
In his third year, on the exhortation of Aggea
and Zacharia, fifty thousand emigrated. Under
Jehu and Zerobabel, in the thirtieth of Cyrus,
all impediments being with difficulty ended,
at the dedication he built the walls of the
Temple.

Cambises, who is also Nabuch, in the
seven years in which he held the monarchy
of the East, (for he ruled twelve years pre-
viously in his father's lifetime,) prohibited the
building of the Temple. When he wished, as
every where, to be adored as a god in Israel,
Judith with Abia, having cut off the head of
Holofornes his general, at the siege of Bethu-
lia, Achior, having sacrificed for himself, fi-ee-
ing Israel, sung a canticle.

Darius, the son of Ydaspis, when Zeru-
babel solved the riddle of wine and woman,
conceded in his second year the building of
the Temple, gifts being given him by the king,
what he needed ; and it was finished in his
seventh year, and consecrated the twenty-
seventh day of the twelfth month.

The eighth vision he (Daniel) saw under
the same king ; Gabriel, namely, certifying
the coming of Christ, after the seventy weeks
of lunar years, and the captivity finally accom-
plished by the Eomans, after the edification
of the city by Neemia and others.

whom he had taken from prison, cut his father's
body into three hundred pieces, and gave it so
divided to the vultures.

The fourth vision he saw under Balchazar,
of the four winds, or angels, and four beasts —
a lion, a bear, a pard, and a boar — or the
four kingdoms, with the ten horns, or ten
kingdoms proceeding from the fourth, to be
subjected by the little horn, or Antichrist, the
beasts placed at the coming of Christ being
slain.

He saw the fifth vision under the same
Balchasar, of a ram having unequal horns, or
the kingdoms of the Persians and the Medes,
and the he-goat, or Alexander, driven against
it. After which followed four horns, from his
four successors, with one httle horn, Antiochus
Epiphanes.

The sixth vision he saw under the same,
concerning the destruction of Babilon by Cyrus
and Darius, an exposition being made into the
vernacular what was hid under: MENE,
TECHEL, PHAEES.

He saw the seventh vision under Darius,
of an angel, who freed him from the hon's
den, where he had been placed by order of
the king, because he had not obeyed the
decree of the princes, made from animosity
against him, for nonconforming to their prac-
tices, and praying three times each day.

Under this King Belchazar, Susanna was
freed from the calumny of the priests by
Daniel, and they were stoned. Under the
same Belchazar, he (Daniel) slew seventy
priests, who secretly ate the oblations (offered)
to Bel. Bel and his temple he threw down,
and he suffocated the dragon by a mass of
pitch and fat boiled up into balls.

Assuerus, after a general (feast) of luxury,
after Vashti had been sent away, and Hester

PART II. CHAPTER IV.

The ninth (vision) he saw under Cyrus.
When ruminating on the banks of the Tigris,
he perceived (a man) clothed with a girdle,
whose body was made like lightning by a
chrysolite stone.

The tenth he saw when the same man
certified to him the events of the kings of the
Persians and the Medes, with their successors,
four great kings of Egypt ; the cruelty of
Antiochus Epephanes, and the time of Anti-
christ, with the time and half time he was to
reign.

brought in, Murdocheas honoured, Anan
hanged, turned the decree for the slaughter
of the Jews, treacherously obtained, by new
rescripts on the heads of their enemies ; for
which, to this day, the feast of Purim is
celebrated, in memory of the slaughter made
on the twenty-third day of the twelfth month,
and of the feast celebrated in Susa the four-
teenth or fifteenth day, when, after two days,
they ceased from the slaughter. In those
days Aristotle studied under Plato.

Paet II.
Oliup. IV.

«^

PART II.

CHAPTER V.

Part II.

Chapter V.

In the time of Arthaxersis, (Nehemiah)
having received letters of foundation, returned
to Jerusalem. He built the walls, with the
gates, noted helow in Augustia ; he freed the
people from usurers ; he drew new fire from
the sticks hidden by Jeremia. Esdra reading
from a pulpit, and the twenty-third day being
fixed for a fast, he made the people to be con-
vened for hearing the law four times during
the day and four times during the night, and
induced the people to keep the Sabbath, each
tenth head repairing to Jerusalem.

(In the original, a Plan of tlie Walls and Oates
of Jerusalem is here introduced, as above referred to.)

We read in the sacred Scriptures of three
temples being built. The first temple of the
Lord was made by Solomon ; the second was
built in Mount Gerasim by Amasse, the
brother of Jadus, the High Priest in the time
of Darius ; the third, constructed in the city
of ffilyopolis, by Onia^ the father of Simeon,
in the time of Antiochus the Great. We also
read of three dedications of the temple of the
Lord. The first, made by Solomon, in autumn,
on the tenth day of September ; the second,
in spring, on the twelfth day of the twelfth
month, under Darius, the son of Ydaspis,
made by Jehu, the son of Joiade ; the third
on the twenty-fift,h day of the month Casin,

In the time of Arthaxersis, Esdras having
discovered the depository of books, returning
to the Temple, with one thousand seven hun-
dred (men), having received from the princes
the power of absolving the Levites from tribute,
and fi-om the king of removing or substituting
the princes, he removed the strange women
from their Jewish marriages.

Ochus,at the suggestion of Nagog,
the prefect, whose friend John, John
had slain, renews the tribute remitted
to Esdra.

Darius being conquered by Alex-
ander, Saraballa, a commander of Da-
rius, having gone over to the side of
Alexander, soUcited the temple on Mount
Garazim, built by Manasse, the brother
of Jadus, the High Priest, whose daugh-
ter he had married.

Alexander, havuig transferred
to himself the kingdom of the Per-
sians, Tyre taken, and hastening
in anger from Gaza to Jerusalem,
there he worshipped, and was
honourably received by Jadim and
the other priests ; and after a
sacrifice, having read Daniel, re-
mitted the tribute every seven
years. What he conceded to the
Jews he refused to the Samaritans.

PART II. CHAPTER V

or December, made by Judas Machabes, in
the winter. Whence it arises that the feast of
the dedication at Jerusalem was in the winter.
And this was done in the time of Antiochus
Epiphanes,

This Ptolomey Philadelphus, desirous of
books, on the advice of Demetrius and Aris-
teus, having changed one hundred thousand
Jewish shekels (singulis?), and presents for
offerings being sent for one hundred thousand
and twenty drachms of silver, received most
honourably at Alexandria seventy interpreters,
sent by Eliazer ; and after the translation had
been made, in seventy days sent them back
honourably rewarded.

After these kings, there were other kings
in Egypt which are not noted here, down
to Cleopatra, who had been overcome at
Accium with Antony, who was in love with
her, when Egypt passed over to the Romans.
Alchinus, made High Priest of Judah by
Demetrius, was always troublesome to Judas
Machabee, He died, struck by paralysis,
because he had destroyed the walls of the
holy house, and the books of the prophets,

Mathatias, the priest, after the envoys of
Antiochus Epiphanes had been slain at Madin,
teaching the Jews to fight on the Sabbath day,
restored the laws of their fathers,

Judas, after Apollonius and Sercus
(Seron ?) Timotheus, Nicanor, Gergia,
and Cesia had been beaten, being made
priest, consecrated on the twenty-fifth
day of December during eight days
the Temple, which had been three years
prophaned. He restored freedom, by
himself and Jonathan, to the Galaites,
and by Symon to the Galileans. Under
Joseph and Azariah, two thousand of
the priests of the Temple being slain,

He included the ten tribes in this i'*k^ "•
request. To him succumbing to '^■'"i"'"' ^'^'■
poison, the four successors here
noted succeeded to his power, two
of whom are more fully noticed in
the Scriptures, on account of their
troubling the Jews,

This Antiochus the Tholomey, the son

Great renewed the of Largus, (Lagus ?)

seven years' tribute entering the Temple,

of the ministers of the under pretext of sacri-

Temple, remitted by ficing, led many from

Philadelphus, after he Judea and Garizim

had conquered Judaja captive.

and overcome Philo-

pater. Onias, the

father of Simon , flying

from his cruelty to

Ptolomey Epiphanes,

built the temple in the

district of EJyopalios,

fulfilling Ysaia the

prophet.

Under Symon, the

son of John, Syrak

composed the Book

of Wisdom, which is
called Ecclesiasticus,
or Panarethos.

This Seleuchus,
the son of Antiochus
the Great, had Elio-
dorus, sent to spoil the
treasury of the Tem-
ple and slain by two
youths, restored to
him on the intercession
of Onias.

This Antiochus Epiphanes having heard,

SACRED HISTORY.

Tart II.
Chap. V.

after Eupator had made a treaty with
him, and after hearing the accusation
of Alchinus, and cutting off" the head of
Nicanor, also after he had concluded a
treaty with the Eomans", he was slain
by Alchides.

The sons of Zamri overcame John ; hut
it remains to he known why these two, John
and Ehazer, did not become (High) Priests.
This Eliaser, dragging out an elephant, is
slain with it.

Jonathas having overcome theNabucceans,
in revenge for liis brother, and after obtaining
a victory, entered into a treaty with Bacchides,
and after Alexander had aided him to be made
High Priest, and also after he had assisted
Demetrius and Antiochus, whilst a young
man, he was treacherously made prisoner by
Tryphon, and slain.

This Symon, after he had sent to Tryphon
a hundred talents of silver and two sons of
Jonathan, and being deceived in his expecta-
tion and joining in a confederacy with Deme-
trius, and after ejecting its guards, he fortified
the citadel of Syon, and was at length trea-
cherously slain by Tholomey's commander in
Jericho. He had for his successor John
Hyrcan.

John Hyrcan, having opened two of the
seven chests of David, gave to Antiochus
four hundred talents, that he might build the
wall of the people round the circumference of
the sepulchre. Of the money remaining, he
was the first who built almshouses.

This Aristobulus, having imprisoned his
mother and three brothers, placed the diadem
on his own head. At the suggestion of his
wife, Antigone, he killed his brothers, and,
after fourteen hundred and twenty years had

when at Eome, of the death of his father, and
the sluggishness of his brother, departed pri-
vately. He was received into some towns of
Syria, because he made them illusions of
liberty, whence he received the name of
Epiphanes ; and after his brother's death he
reigned in his stead. After selling the priest-
hood first to Jason, afterwards to Menelas,
who gave themselves heathen names, making
Jerusalem Prepacia and Phebea ; after Onia
was treacherously slain in Egypt, by Andro-
nichus, at the instigation of Menelaus, he then
conquered Jerusalem. Being again driven
from Egypt by Eoman envoys, he brought the
idol of Olympian Jove into the Temple, and
compelled the Jews to the Gentile ritual.
After being disgracefully driven out of the Ely-
mad, and driven back, when he was march-
ing against Jersualem, and routed, although
ultimately penitent, he died miserably.

This Antiochus Eupator, Bethsura cap-
tured, and Jerusalem besieged, made a cove-
nant with the Jews, for the preservation of
their laws, and ejected Philipp from Antioch.
At last he and Lisias, made prisoners by their
soldiers, were slain by order of Demetrius,
the son of Seleucus.

This Demetrius Soter, the son of Seleucus,
returning from Eome, slew Antiochus and
Lisias. He made Alchinas High Priest, under
whom the deity of Bacchus, sent into Judea,
within the walls of Jerusalem, was the cause
of much slaughter. He lost Nicanor, slain
by the hand of Judas, and he slew Judas by
Bacchides, when Jonathan refused aid, though
he had given him great yjromises. Epiphanes
died when he met the son of Alexander in
battle. This Demetrius was slain by the
youth Antiochus, recalled from Arabia by
Tryphon.

PAET II. CHAPTER V.

elapsed, since the sovereignty was last under
Sedechia, he died.

This Alexander, about a thousand Jews
being slain, when dying, left the kingdom to
his wife.

This Alexandria, the wife of Alexander,
promising the kingdom to her son Hyrcan,
put her second son, Aristobulus, with his wife,
into prison, taking them as hostages that they
should not usurp the kingdom to themselves.

This Hyrcan, deceived by his brother Aris-
tobulus, and deprived of the aid of the Arabs,
to whom he had fled, but confirmed in the
priesthood by Pompey, and made king by
Julius Caesar, without the title : driven out
of the Elymad, he was slain at last by the
swords of the Parthians and his ears cut off,
when bringing aid to Antigone.

From the pedigree through Mathan, the
son of David, Levi begat Melchi, and Patera-
pauta begat Burpauta, and so this Burpauta
begat Joachim, and Joachim begat the holy
mother of Christ.

But through the pedigree of Salomon, the
son of David, Mathan had a wife, of whom he
begat Jacob ; but on the death of Mathan,
Melchi, of the tribe of Mathan, who was the
son of Levi, and the brother of Panteris,
married the wife of Mathan, and begat of her
Hely, the mother of Jacob. But Jacob and
Hely were uterine brothers, and Hely of the
tribe of Mathan died without children, and
Jacob married.

Paht II.
Clmpter V.

This Alexander,
the son of Eupator,
slaying Demetrius, by
the aid of Jonathan,
and honouring Jona-
than by two royal
emblems, his cities
treacherously taken by
Ptolomey, and his wife ,
a daughter of Ptolo-
mey, given to Deme-
trius ; his head was
cut off by the King
of Arabia, to whom
he had fled.

This Antiochus,
a youth, giving the
priesthood to J ona-
than, with the consent
of Antriphone, when
king, was treacher-
ously slain.

This Tryphon kill-
ed his lord Alexander
and Jonathan Macca-
beus, with his two sons .

After the kingdom of Syria was tenni-
nated, Siria came under the power of the
Eomans ; for Antiochus, flying to the Par-
thians, delivered himself up to Pompey, after
Philipp was captured by Gabinus.

PART II.

CHAPTER VI.

Paet II.
Chapter VI.

Here finished the fifth age
of five hundred and seventy-six
years.

This Gentile, Antipater, by birth an Ydu-«
mean, had four sons, one of «hom, Herod,
the Astolomite, became King of Judea. He
took for wife Mariagne, granddaughter of
Hyrcan, through wliom he both gained his
Idngdom and circumcision. He reigned seven
years after the Massacre of the Innocents,
during which the Lord lay hidden in Egypt.

In the forty- second
year of the reign of
Augustus, the Lord
was born, in the thir-
tieth year of Herod,
on the night of the
Lord's day.
This Herod, Astolomite, a proselyte, was
made King of Judea, by Antony and Augus-
tus, through Sosius, in the fourth year of the
Interregnum, and had by his four wives the
sons noted below. After the murder of Mari-
agne, the massacre of the Innocents, and the
slaughter of his sons, Aristobulus, Antipater,
and Alexander, he died very miserably, and
named Archelaus as his successor.

This Archelaus, This Herod Anti-

after a long tetrarchy, pas, under whom the

This Crassus, who
had restrained himself
all the time of Pom-
pey, took the conduct
of the Parthian war,
where he perished by
gold poured into his
mouth.
In the time of Crassus, Julius fought
against Pompey. After having obtained the
mastery, he held the rule three years and
seven months. The government had been
conducted by Consuls four hundred and sixty-
four years. From the time of Eomulus, it
was managed by seven kings for two hundred
years. After they ended. Consuls followed,
to the time of JuHus Csesar.

This Tiberius Caasar succeeded to- Augus-
tus, who sent Valerius, as Procurator, to
Judea, who openly sold the priesthood ; first,
he instituted Anna Asmoneas, the Ishmaehte ;
after him Eleazer, the son of Anna ; then
Simon ; afterwards Josephus, who is (called)
also Caiphas, under whom our Lord suffered.
The blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God,
was twelve years old when, as announced by
an angel, she conceived through the Holy
Ghost. The Divine Jllan Jesus was above
thirty years when he was baptised by John in
Jordan; and he preached three years and

* * •

, • • •«

PART II. CHAPTER VI.

and made with Brother Lord suffered, and

Duarch, of Ydiimea, John was heheaded,

elated by the promise was made Tetrarch of

I of the kingdom of Ju- Galilee, after a long

dea, was accused of contest with Arche-

^^ tyranny before Cajsar, laus for the kingdom.

and banished to Vi- Envying Agrippa king

enna. When his ter- of Judea his kingdom,

ritories were reduced he went after Christ's

to a province, he was passion to Eome, where

sent as Procurator to on the accusation of

Judea. Herod Agrippa, he was

sent into exile at Lyons .

This Herod Agrippa experienced the fre-
quent vicissitudes of fortune. Having received
the Tetrarchies of Philipp, Lizanias, and
Herod Antipas, and the fourth in Judea,
whither he was promoted by Gains, (Cains
Caligula,) at the wish of the Jews, Jacob
(James) being killed, and after suffering
divine honours to be used towards him, he
saw an owl, the sorrowful presage of death.

In the time of Annius the red, Augustus
died, after he had reigned forty years and six
months and ten days, out of which Antony
had ruled with him twelve or fourteen vears.

three months. Afterwards, crucified, dead, i'**^ "•

and buried, and on the third day rising again, ^^""e'" ^J-

he conversed with his disciples on earth.

On the fortieth day of his resurrection he

ascended into heaven , and sitteth on the right

hand of God the Father. On the fiftieth day

he gave his Spirit to the Apostles for a strength.

The blessed Maria lived twenty years in the

house of Saint John the Evangehst, and was

taken up into heaven ; and all her days were

made sixty- three years.

Our Lord was conceived on the seventh
of the calends of April, on the sixth day (of
the week) ; was born on the first day (of the
week) of the seventh of the calends of January ;
was baptised on the seventh day ; and from
the seventh of the calends of April to the
seventh of the calends of January are two
hundred and sixty-five days. From his nativity
to the day on which he suffered and was cruci-
fied, are thirty-three years and six months — •
or 12,412 days — write twelve thousand four
hundred and twelve days.

Anna first married Joachim, of whom she
had Maria, the Mother of God, the spouse of
Joseph. After his death, she married Cleo-
phas, of whom she had another Mary, who
married Alpheus, of Avhom she had four sons,
Joseph, Tadeus, Symon, and Jacob. After
the death of Cleophas, the above named Anna
married Salome, of whom she had another
Mary, whom he gave to Zebedee, by whom
she had two sons, John the younger, and
Jacob the elder.

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