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TO 
 
 JOSEPH MAYEK, ESQ., F.S.A., 
 
 and member of many archjiological societies, 
 lokd steeet, liverpool. 
 
 My dear Sir, 
 
 To whom could the following sheets, and their accompanying 
 
 fac-simile of Sprott's Chronicle, be so fitly dedicated, as to a Scholar and a Gentleman, 
 
 who, faithfully following up the example set him by his great townsman, EoscoB, 
 
 graces, in the first mercantile haven of the world, the pursuits of Commerce by the 
 
 amenities of Literature and the Arts, and gracefully dispenses, for the fiirtherance of learning 
 
 and liberal pursuits, those riches which the diflfiisive spread of wealth and opulence, 
 
 the necessary concomitants of an unrivalled trade with every corner of the world, 
 
 creates. To this munificence, the production of the present hitherto inedited Chronicle, 
 
 as a new source of our national history, will bear lasting testimony, and furnish an 
 
 example to the Government and the country, how the earliest writers of our annals may 
 
 be produced and published in the most unexceptionable and satisfactory form, and, in 
 
 comparison with a late abortive attempt, at a moderate and compaSsable expense ; thus 
 
 opening the door to a new era in our national history, and shewing the possibility of 
 
 producing, by a method as new as it is clear, a body of our earliest Chronicles in 
 
 exact copies of the originals, which will be an honour to the country, and an example 
 to Europe. 
 
 I remain, dear Sir, 
 With the deepest feelings of gratitude and respect. 
 
 Your most obliged and obedient Servant, 
 
 WILLIAM BELL, Phil. Dr. 
 
 227971 
 
INTRODUCTION. 
 
 The Chronicle, of which the following pages are a translation, is the property of Joseph introducuon. 
 Mayer, Esq., F.S.A. ; and the Anastatic fac-simile accompanying them is due solely to 
 his liberality, and to a taste so often exhibited by him, not merely for the local 
 antiquities of the town and neighbourhood of which he is so distinguished an ornament, 
 but also of the kingdom in general and its records. 
 
 Consisting of twelve parchment skins, seven of which are inscribed on both sides, 
 the EoU is written, as will be perceived, in a very bold and fair hand, though the 
 numerous contractions, frequently arbitrary, often irregular, and the extreme similarity 
 in the letters t and c, with the want of discrimination in the i, m, n, and r, render 
 the task of decyphering extremely difficult and laborious. 
 
 The entire length of these twelve skins is thirty-one and a half feet ; the longest side 
 relates exclusively to Profane History. Seven of the skins, inscribed on their retros, and 
 measuring about sixteen and a half feet, are entirely occupied with Sacred History, and 
 the Genealogy of Christ, from Adam to the Crucifixion. .The breadth, with an occasional 
 trespass on the margin, as will be seen from the fac-simile, is generally twelve inches. 
 A peculiar feature of both is the neat vignette portraits, and some pictorial illustrations 
 of the text, which have been copied with great fidelity. The former, as representing the 
 features of the Priests and Princes whose names are inscribed beneath them, are of course 
 apocryphal, but they are drawn with such a vigour and truthfulness, as well as with 
 such a characteristic individuality, that they seem to have been taken from living 
 cotemporaries ; and, though not the features of our antient Kings, may still give us 
 portraits of the worthy Fathers of the Church at Canterbury, about the reign of Edward 
 the First. This practice of attaching portraits to history seems to have been common 
 about the date of the present Chronicle, as Hearne, in his Preface to Eobert of 
 Gloucester, (Baxter's reprint. Vol. I., p. xvi.,) says, " Much about the same time I 
 
Introduotion, 
 
 VI. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 had borrowed the old French roll, from which I have printed two passages in the following 
 work : which roll is so much the greater curiosity, as it represents the figures of 
 our King and Princes from the time of Athelstan, where it begins, to the time of 
 Edward the First, where it ends. For though the pictures are but rude, yet there 
 are many things that will be of use to studious men. We therefore ought not to reject 
 old pictures of this kind upon account of their rudeness." How much would it have 
 delighted the heart of this old and learned Antiquary to have had before him a roll 
 like the present, with such excellent portraits, and commencing with a series so much 
 earUer than the one he thus commends. Taylor, the Water Poet, gave also in his 
 works a series of portraits of our old Kings, with a short character of each in verse. 
 
 In the larger division of twelve sheets, on Profane History, is comprised the History 
 of England from the Creation to the death of Edward the First, in 1307, with the 
 necessary introductions from Bibhcal and Eoman annals ; (the latter rendered indispensable 
 as our mother country,) when Brutus' occupation of Britain and his founding of Troy- 
 novant is admitted with the Sybil's answer to his inquiry where to found a new kingdom : 
 
 Brute ! sub oocasum solis trans Gallica regna 
 
 Insula in oceano est undique clausa mari: 
 Insula in oceano sit liabitata gigantibus olim 
 
 Nunc deserta quidem, gentibus apta tuis. 
 Hano pete : namque tibi Sedes erit ilia perennis. 
 
 Sic flat natis altera Troja tuis. 
 Sic de prole tua reges nascentur, et ipsis 
 
 Totius ten-ee subditus orbis erit. 
 
 The Sacred History commences also from the Creation, and is principally occupied 
 in tracing the maternal and paternal descent of the Saviour, from Adam and Abraham, 
 through the Patriarchs and High Priests, to Mary and Joseph. In the early ages of 
 the world, the Mosaic accounts are generally followed, interwoven with a few Talmudical 
 traditions concerning Adam and Noah, When it is necessary to interweave the Eoman 
 annals, their epitomators, and more especially the Origo Gentis Eomanse of Sextus 
 Aurelius Victor, have been copied. 
 
 Geoffry of Monmouth is almost implicitly followed for the commencement of British 
 history. On that author, at the time the present Chronicle was written, no suspicion had 
 been thrown by lynx-eyed criticism. Geoffry's work had not been given to the world 
 beyond a century ; and it was quoted even diplomatically, and in state documents, with 
 every belief of its authenticity, at the age of our author. Thus Edward the First, in a 
 
INTEODUCTION. VU. 
 
 letter still extant, (Eymer's Foedera, Vol, I., Part IV., p. 9, Third Edition,) adduces '°''°d"«"''"- 
 
 the whole history and arrival of Brutus, and of his successors, as a serious proof of 
 
 the direct and superior dominion of England over Scotland ;'''" and later down, a great 
 
 lawyer. Sir John Fortescue, who had filled the office of Chief Justice of the Court of 
 
 King's Bench, positively derives his reasons (in the diflference between an absolute and 
 
 a limited monarchy,) from the conditions agreed on between Brutus and his Trojan 
 
 companions. Milton (History of Britain, Book I.,) seems half disposed to admit that 
 
 the real Brennus who menaced Eome was a Briton, as he is distinctly asserted to be, 
 
 and his lineage and adventures stated, in the roll before us. In fact, to suppose these 
 
 old and inborn names of successive Kings never to have had a colourable origin in 
 
 fact, or that some of the persons mentioned did not perform at least something of the 
 
 part put down for them, cannot be entertained without discrediting the principles of our 
 
 nature and the tenacity of tradition. That scepticism is too severe, that incredulity 
 
 too strict, that would indiscriminately reject all the tales of our forefathers, because parts 
 
 are manifestly false. In apocryphis non omnia apocrypha ; and I agree therefore 
 
 with the writer who asserts, "I cannot but think that any history of England without 
 
 an explanation of this, which may be termed its fabulous part, would be as incomplete 
 
 as the first Eoman decade without the amours of Mars and Ehea, or the wolf that 
 
 suckled Eomulus and Eemus." And, to sum up our authorities, we may conclude with 
 
 our trusty Hearne's words, preceding the passage already quoted: "I am aware it will 
 
 be objected that the beginning of this Book (Eobert of Gloucester's Chronicles) is for 
 
 the most part taken fi-om Geoffry of Monmouth. But this objection makes rather for 
 
 the reputation than the disgrace of this historian ; and it may be as well alleged against our 
 
 other historians, that they have written since Geoffi-y's time. GeofFry was an author so 
 
 much in vogue for the most early affairs of our British princes, that he was constantly 
 
 transcribed and put into most libraries, which is the reason why there are so many MSS 
 
 of his." For any additional remarks on this author, I may refer the reader to the very 
 
 excellent preface prefixed by the Eeverend Dr. Giles to his Translations of six old English 
 
 Chronicles, forming a volume of Bohn's Antiquarian Library, (London, 12mo, 1848, 
 
 pp. vii. to xviii.,) where many particulars will be found which I have not thought it 
 
 necessary to adduce here. I think, however, sufficient has been shewn for the reader to 
 
 " This memorial or epistle is slightly noticed in Tytler's History of Scotland (Second Edition, Vol. I., pp. 183, 
 164): "It was notorious, they observed, in these parts of the world, that from the very first original of the kingdom 
 of England the kings thereof, as well in the times of the Britons as of the Saxons, enjoyed the superiority and direct 
 dominion of the kingdom of Scotland, and continued either in actual or Tirtual possession of the same through successive 
 ages, Ac, <to." 
 
vm. INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Tntroduction. conclude that the pedant Buchanan's judgment on the Bishop of St. Asaph, our GeofFry, 
 was not only harsh, but unmerited. He writes, in Historia rerum Scoticarum, Liber II., 
 p. 42, et seq., directly accusing the Cambrian of a forgery, when he passed the name 
 of Brutus as standing Godfather to Britain — " Nam qute nostri scriptores de suie quisque 
 gentis origine prodiderunt adeo sunt absurda ut non existimarem refellenda esse diligen- 
 
 tius Brutus autem iste quieunque fuit quem et gentis et nominis authorem Brittones 
 
 edunt quibus opibus? &c. &c. Sed monachus ille hujus Brutinse fabulse poeta et 
 
 artifex videre visus est commenti absurditatem Sin veteres illos Latinos locutos 
 
 affirment Brittannice, unde monachus ille tam veterem dictionem bis mille annos antedatam 
 intellexit? Sed quid ista minutius persequimur cum pluribus aliis argumentis appareat 
 eundum monachum et historiam totam fabricasse et Brutum istum, qui nunquam fuit, 
 genuisse et responsum Dianai confixisse." The frequent and disparaging use of the term 
 " monachus," in this wholesale and unmeasured condemnation, would almost induce us to 
 believe that it was as much influenced by the sourness of Presbyterian leaven as by a 
 wholesome and just love of historical truth. As we have seen above, such was not the 
 opinion of Geoffry's cotemporaries, nor of Britain for many subsequent centuries ; and it 
 would therefore have argued ill either of the reading or diligence of our author to have 
 found him omitting these traditions as unworthy of a true and undoubted history. 
 
 The Dano- Norman annals, it will be perceived, are much more circumstantial and 
 minute, and facts and anecdotes are related more in detail of the Norman Dukes before 
 their accession to the English throne than in the more immediate History of England 
 proper. This circumstance is the more to be lamented, as, if such close colouring had 
 been adopted for our own annals by a cotemporary, we might perhaps have met with some 
 important fact or exploit, unknown through other chroniclers ; for it is in the nature 
 of relations by eyewitnesses, that, though agreeing in the main, each will seize upon 
 different circumstances as explanatory or convincing, which might have settled some 
 questio vexata in the history of our national constitution. 
 
 In this Chronicle the author gives no clue to his name ; and his profession and period 
 can only be gathered from internal evidence. From the praises of pious Princes, amongst 
 which all are classed who founded or liberally endowed Churches and Monasteries, — 
 Edward the Confessor, without papal licence, is raised to the dignity of Canonisation, — 
 we must conclude that he was a cloistered ecclesiastic ; and, from the energy he displays 
 on the principal question agitating Britain on both sides of the Tweed at the close of 
 the thirteenth century, in attesting the right of our first Edward to their joint sovereignty, 
 that he was a cotemporary and active partisan of that great monarch, with whose death 
 
INTRODUCTION. IX. 
 
 the Chronicle concludes. The question upon which the whole British policy turned, during 
 the entire latter half of this centurj', was the feudal rights of the English crown over the 
 king and kingdom of Scotland. For this, Edward the First nearly exhausted the riches 
 and resources of his kingdom, and died hrooding over the ineffectual struggles he had 
 hitherto maintained, at Brough-on-the- Sands (12th July, 1307,) in sight of the glens 
 and mountains he thirsted for ; with the dying injunction to his successor never to cease 
 his efforts for the same purpose, hut to carry his ' hones in the van of his army, for 
 that the rebels (such was the now recognised term by which the inhabitants of Scotland 
 were designated) would never stand before their sight. And it is this idea of Scotcli 
 feudality and rebellion that runs through all the periods of our Author's History, as soon 
 as it could be consistently introduced, from the reign of Athelstan (Part I. chap, x.) 
 when it is stated of that monarch, " He overthrew in battle Hoel, King of the Britons, 
 and Constantine, King of the Scots. This same Constantine having aflerwards rebelled, 
 he compelled him to cede his kingdom, but afterwards permitted him to resume it, saying. 
 It was more glorious to make a king than to be one. When Constantine rebelled a 
 second time, Athelstan overcame him, through the prayers of St. John of Beverley, and 
 laid waste Scotland as far as Dunfermline. Wherefore Eugenius, King of Cambria, and 
 this same King of the Scots, meeting in a place called Dakir," (William of Malmsbury, 
 p. 212, calls it Dacor, most probably Dacre Castle,) "submitted themselves and their 
 people to the said Athelstan ; in grace of which covenant, Athelstan directed Constantine's 
 son to be baptised, and himself raised him from the holy font, and privileged the lands 
 of Saint John, who, when he died, was buried at Malmsbury." 
 
 This, then, is the text upon which the entire History proceeds, and scarcely a reign 
 occurs, thenceforward to Edward the First's reign, without the mention of Scottish 
 " rebellion," and the means by which the English arms successfully put it down. Of 
 King Edward the Elder (p. 57) it is said, "The King of the Scots, the Danish King, 
 and the Eng of the Wallii with his force, chose King Edward for their superior Lord, 
 and made with him a binding covenant." Of Edred, in the following paragraph, "After 
 conquering the Northumbrians, he turned his ensigns towards Scotland, now rebellious ; 
 but the Scots were struck with such terror, that they submitted without a contest, and 
 swore the accustomed fealty to their (superior) Lord, before the King whom he had set 
 over them." This strain continues consistent to the end, for the writer takes leave of his 
 readers with this concluding paragraph of his twelfth skin : "To this Edward Longshanks, 
 in the seventh year of his reign, all the nobles of the kingdom of Scotland did homage, 
 taking him for their liege Lord, and conceding to him and to his heirs supreme dominion 
 
X. , INTRODUCTION. 
 
 introducuon. in the kingdom of Scotland ; whereupon he granted to them liberty, to elect their sove- 
 reigns from the near relatives of the defunct King." 
 
 It would be tedious to adduce more, and useless, if the above exti-acts are not sufficient, 
 to shew the political bias of the chronicler, and perhaps the principal gist of his writing ; 
 and as no other reign in English History would have given equal scope or cause for such 
 ultra opinions, we may safely put him down as dating at the latter end of the thirteenth 
 century ; for I should no more consider the single date of the death of Edward the 
 First in 1307 for a date in the author's life, than I should take the account of the death 
 of Moses, in Genesis, for a proof that the Hebrew Lawgiver did not write that earliest 
 History of the world ; both final dates may have been added by an immediate transcriber. 
 
 But at the above period we have the account of an admired cowled Historian, who 
 wrote and flourished, but whose works have come down to us only very imperfectly and 
 in fragments. This was Thomas Sprott, a Benedictine Monk of the Monastery of St. 
 Augustine, at Canterbury, of the particulars of whose life little is known ; for what, in fact, 
 could the dusty, dull routine of the cloister oflfer to the biographer worth recording, beyond 
 what their writings argued, or their histories detailed?'-' That, however, his name was 
 esteemed as a careful collector and accurate narrator of facts, we learn fi-om various writers, 
 of. whom the first and principal was our industrious Leland, who, in his Treatise de 
 Scriptoribus, gives Sprott the following testimony: — "Thomas Sprottus inter Augustinianos 
 Monachos qui sunt Duroverni Cantiorum, Celebris erat non solum rehgionis verum etiam 
 solida3 doctrinse titulo. Nse ego igitur essem parum candidus si hominum tam clara 
 dignum memoria silentio prajtererem ; itaque pro mea consuetudine id ei dabo quod 
 aliis nostrae gentis Scriptoribus hactenus non inviderim : nempe lucem et famam, debita 
 mehercle eruditorum prajmia. Cum nuper per totam Cantiam obequitarem eruendse 
 antiquitatis gratia cujus oh frequentissimum Eomanorum et in Limeniscum et Eutupinun 
 portum adventum plenissiraa est ; ac, data opera, Augustinianam Bibliothecam id est 
 divitem veterum exemplariorum officinam inviserem, incidi ut casus tulit, in Gulielmi 
 Thorni monachi Augustiniani historiam qua ille Abbatum suorum resgestas memorise 
 commendavit," &c. &c., for the whole is too long for insertion; but from the following 
 it seems that Leland knew only Sprott's Lives of those Canterbury Abbots which this 
 William Thorn, a monk of the same cloister, had largely pirated and continued to his 
 
 * Hearne, indeed, in his Preface, surmises that ho may hare studied at Oxford (p. xxvi. ), — Oxonia; studiis literariis 
 operum impendisse videtur, — and names Christ's Church as his College; hut the surmise seems to have had no better 
 foundation than that therein is a Canterbury Quadrangle, which may have taken its name because built by Canterbury 
 Monlts, amongst whom Sprott may have studied there. 
 
INTRODUCTION. XI. 
 
 own times, about one hundred years subsequent to Sprott. This error of Leland's latroducnon. 
 seems to have induced in Pits and Bale and Tanner the conviction that this was the 
 sole work written by Sprott. The first of these three, vide Pitseus de illustribus Angl. 
 Scriptor., p. 355, (4to., Paris, 1617,) says of Sprott's style, "Thomas Sprottus vel 
 Spottus Benedictinse familise monachus Anglus in coenobiis S. Augustini Cantuarise vir 
 vitae religiosse et eximite doctrinse. Incola et alumnus civitatis Cantuarensis sane non 
 
 ingratus. Ita de sua civitate de suo ordine imo de tota sua patria historicis optime 
 
 meritus merito dici poteret qui tot res lectione et imitatione dignas a tenebris vindi- 
 caverit, in luce profuerit, posteritati tradiderit. Harum historiarum flores postea Gulielmus 
 Thornus ejusdem ordinis et monasterii religionis coUegit et iis aliquorum annorum 
 additiones fecit. Scripsit itaque Sprottius noster Cantuarensem Historiam Liber unus 
 Abbatum sui caenobii vitas et res gestas (chronica vocavit) MS in BIbliotheca privata 
 Gualteri Copi, et alia quosdam. Claruit post nativitatem inchoante in Angha regnum 
 suum Edwardo primo." Pits' " alia qutedam" may include much or little, but his date 
 for Sprott's death may more consistently be taken for that of his birth. The same or 
 similar particulars may be found in Bale, (Descrip. Illustribus Britann., p. 326, fol.,) 
 and in Tanner's Bibliotheca Britann-Hibern., (fol., London, 1748, p. 685.) With 
 Thomas Hearne, however, we may exclaim, (Preface to Sprott, p. xix.,) " Hucusque 
 Testimonia de Sprotto. Ex illis manifestum est Chronicon a nobis editum aliud esse atque 
 codices ab corundum auctorihus commemorates, Neque minus certum est cl. Nicolsonum 
 mire cespitasse asserendo Baleum ignorasse quo tempore vixerit Sprottus. Baleus enim 
 deserte dixit Sprottum claruisse anno domini 1274." 
 
 Thomas Hearne was led to this declaration by the discrepancies of a work which he 
 edited as Fragments of a Chronicle, and which he gave to the world under Sprott's name, 
 in 8vo, Oxford, 1719; of it he gives the following account : " In the Library of Sir Edward 
 Bering, of Sheringham Bering, in Kent, he found a MS which had come into the family 
 by the purchase of Sir Charles Bering, in the reign of Charles the First, who had labelled 
 it as the Chronicle of Thomas Sprott, and under this title our industrious Hearne published 
 it, as above stated, with other miscellaneous matter." The Editor admits that the production 
 is fragmentary, but at the same time concludes, very illogically, that because he has seen 
 no perfect copy, that therefore the Author never completed his work. Preface, p. v., he 
 says, " Adeo ut Chronicon nostrum operis longemajoris sceletos tantumodo fuisse videatur, 
 quod tamen nunquam ad umbeHcum duxisse auctorem opinor." 
 
 The scarcity, therefore, of Sprott's Works will be readily conceded, and even the 
 entire want hitherto of any publication of his Chronicle by the press contended for. 
 
 C 
 
Jntroduction. 
 
 XU. , INTEODUCTIOK. 
 
 On the first point, we may see what Bishop Nicholson, who wrote about 1719, says of 
 our Author. In his Historical Library, p. 16, classing it under the head of Special 
 Histories of the County of Kent, he says, "But Mr. Somner assures us he could no 
 more meet with them, (Gillingham de rebus Cantuarensibus,) than with those of Thomas 
 Sprott, mentioned by Bale. It is evidently therefore extremely scarce, as the name itself 
 is so doubtful." And Ibid., p. 126, after mentioning Eichard de Diceto, Nicholson goes 
 on to say, "The next in order of time was Thomas Spott, Spottley, or Sprott, a Bene- 
 dictine monk of Canterbury in the year 1274, whose book has been vainly enquired for 
 by some of our most industrious antiquaries, and particularly by one whom hardly anything 
 on this subject could escape." Mr. Somner seems to think it was rather a Chronicle of 
 the City of Canterbury, than of the Archbishops ; and William Thorn, who was a monk 
 of the same house in 1380, either epitomising or enlarging it, it may only prove the 
 same with his History of the Abbots of Saint Augustin. Nine years later, the learned 
 Bishop might have collected from Hearne this at least, that Sprott's works were not 
 confined in their purpose by the narrow bounds of his cloister or city, but that he could 
 also compass the entire kingdom in his enquiries, and, where discursively necessary, every 
 part of the then known world ; the fruits of such industry was the Chronicle before us. 
 This must not, however, be confounded with his other work, of which, besides the copy 
 mentioned in the above extract from Pits, as in the possession of Walter Cope, Tanner 
 (in loc. cit.,) mentions one amongst the MSS of Corpus College, No. 125, with the title 
 " Liber Thxmce Sprott, de Librario S. Augustini Cant.'" In the Cottonian MS 
 collection of the British Museum, VitelUus E xiv. from 243 to 258, we have " Thomce 
 Sprott excerpta," written in a character so painfully cramped, that it is difficult to 
 decipher it ; and this difficulty is much enhanced by the damage it sustained, with a 
 great part of the other Cottonian MSS, by fire. It is fortunate, therefore, that what 
 appears to be a perfect transcript of the above, written in a bold and legible character, 
 exists in the Harleian Collection, 692, (Plutarch, 63 F,) p. 75 ; of this latter, the 
 Catalogue gives the following account : " Ex chronica ThomcB Sprott monachi 
 Augustini qui vixit circiter annum Dni. 1270, et scripsit res gestas sui monasterii 
 narrans prcecipue contentiones inter illud Monasterium habitas semper et Archi- 
 episcopum et ecclesiam Trinitatis." 
 
 As it is plain, however, that none of the above works extend in plan beyond Canterbury 
 and its walls ; they can have nothing in common with either the work published by Hearne 
 as Sprott's Chronicle, or the present fac-simile ; so that the only question as regarding these 
 
INTRODUCTION. Xlll. 
 
 two would be, how far the present Codex is the complete Work from which, as acknowledged introducuon. 
 by himself, Hearne's would only be extracts and fragments : these commence as follows : 
 
 Adam homo primus de lime terrae extra paradisum in agro Damascene yi° die seouli formatus et in 
 paradisum translatus ejudem diei hora septima, peccato ibidem commisso in vaUem Josaphat inde (virga 
 angelo) dejectus, ubi xxx. fiUos totidemque Alias legitur procreasse. 
 
 Our roll, after some prefatory matter, has — 
 
 Formatus itaque Adam homo primus de limo terree extra paradisum sexto die seouli et in paradisum 
 translatus peeoatoque eodem die commissus dejectus est post meridiem. 
 
 Here the verbal conformity is very great ; and another conformity of fact is curious. 
 Hearne seems to consider it as an important circumstance in English history, that by his 
 fragments the legitimacy of Edmund Ironsides, which our other chroniclers repudiate, — and 
 in this they are followed by most of our later historians, including the careful Sharon 
 Turner, — is established. Hearne says, " Edmundi, Ferre Latus cognominati, matrem 
 uxorem re vera fuisse, Ethelridi non concubinam, monuit." Our Chronicle, in conformity, 
 at p. 53, says, " This Ethelred has, by his Queen Ethelgina, Edmund surnamed Iron- 
 sides," &c. &c. It must, however, be conceded that both accordances are too slight 
 and general to establish an identity ; and as in a perhaps rather hasty collation I have 
 been able to find no other agreeing passages, we must conclude that our fac- simile is not 
 the original from which Hearne's extracts were made ; and then comes the question : 
 Which is Thomas Sprott's true work ? 
 
 In wading through Hearne's sixty-nine pages of prefatory matter, I can discover no 
 other or stronger proof for the ascription of his work to the Augustinian monk of 
 Canterbury than the title given it by its earliest known possessor. Sir Charles Bering, 
 in the time of Charles the First ; but as a counterbalance, I might adduce in favour of 
 the present Chronicle faint traces in red ink, and a younger hand, at the top of my 
 first sheet of " Chronica Thomce Sprott," if I thought that this mere attribution by 
 any one, unaccompanied by collateral proof, evinced anything beyond the subjective 
 opinion of the writer. I believe, however, that in the case of the Eoll before us, verij 
 strong collateral corroboration lias been adduced in what I have stated above, when 
 the date was under consideration, that it must have been written about 1278 to 1280, 
 when, as we should now say, Scotch politicks ran high, and the Author, like a practised 
 courtier, took the popular or English side, and on this account I should vindicate with 
 
XIV. INTEODUCTION, 
 
 introduoaon. the most perfect confidence Sprott as my Author of the present work, in opposition to 
 Hearne's protege. 
 
 WILLIAM BELL, Phil. De. 
 
 BhITISH ABCHiEOLOOICAL ASSOCIAIIOX, 
 
 15th Augdst, 1851. 
 
PAET I. 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 We have determined to note the progress of occurrences, and their downward descent, r*Rj i- 
 from the beginning of the world, with the successions of its empires and rulers, for the benefit 
 of posterity, that the studious reader may from this small epitome collect much. The 
 prodigies, however, and past wonders which portend famine or mortality, are for this reason 
 noted for remembrance, that any one who may have undergone similar visitations, or can call 
 to mind that he has in any respect incurred the displeasure of the Almighty, may without 
 delay hasten to appease him by the remedy of contrition. Moyses, the legislator, although 
 other instances are not wanting, points out innocence in Abel, anger in Cain, singleminded- 
 ness in Job, cunning in Esau, envy in the eleven children of Israel, and brotherly love in 
 Joseph. The punishment also of offending cities by fire and brimstone, evinces how much 
 it behoves us to imitate what is good, as we ought to abhor to be followers of what is 
 sinful, so that thereby we radically root up the sources of evil. This was taught not solely 
 by Moses, but by all the writers of the Divine Word, not only in their historical, but in 
 their moral writings ; by commending virtue and dispraising vice, they admonish us to fear 
 and love God. 
 
PART I. 
 
 CHAPTER I 
 
 Adam, the first man, having heen formed 
 from the dust of the earth, in the land of 
 Damascus, outside of Paradise, on the sixth 
 day of the (first) century, and being placed 
 in Paradise on the same day, committed sin 
 on that day, and was ejected in the afternoon. 
 Thus truly he fell from innocence to a state 
 of misery : a man who in the prime of Hfe 
 had the opportunity of enjoying sweet viands 
 in the habitation of the Lord ; but who, wish- 
 ing for things forbidden, and seeking after 
 what was interdicted, fell from the summit 
 to the bottom, from brightness to bitterness, 
 from a habitation to exile, from a home to 
 houselessness, from comfort to care, from 
 affluence to affliction, from gladness to grief, 
 from love to hatred, from sense to silliness, 
 from health to infirmity, from plentifulness 
 to penury, from grace to sin, from peace to 
 punishment, from observance to offence. 
 
 Japhet, third son of Noe, begat a son, 
 called Magog, whose Gothic descendants, 
 from the similitude of the last syllable of the 
 paternal name, took thence their denomina- 
 tion. He produced two nations of the Goths, 
 especially powerful in arms ; one of which 
 invaded farther Scythia, and took possession 
 of, and thence waged war on, many Egyptian 
 kings. Their wives, indignant at the long 
 
 Thus Adam, in the fifteenth year of his life, part i. 
 begat Calnanan and Caym, and again fifteen chapter i. 
 years afterwards, which was the thu-tieth of 
 Adam's life, he begat Abel, and Debbora his 
 sister. The parents of Abel grieved for him 
 one hundred years, and (then), according to 
 the Hebrew chronology, in the hundred and 
 thirtieth year of his age, Adam begat Seth ; 
 Seth Enos; Enos begat Cainan; Cainan begat 
 Malaheel ; Malaheel begat Lamech ; Laraech 
 begat Noe : thus was finished the first age of 
 the world. 
 
 The waters of the deluge being at length 
 drained off", and Noe having left the ark on 
 the twenty-seventh day of the second month, 
 or of May, the Lord promised to Noe that he 
 would not cause a second deluge : in sign of 
 which covenant he placed an arch in the 
 heavens. This arch is a token of two signi- 
 fications. The first of water, for the past, 
 that we be not alarmed ; the second of fire, 
 for the future, that we may be on our guard. 
 Thence it is that the arch has two exterior 
 colours ; aquatic or cerulean for the past, and 
 an interior igneous one for the future ; and it 
 is said that forty years before the judgment 
 day the arch will not be visible. 
 
 The world, or habitable globe, which is 
 
PEOFANE HISTORY. 
 
 PJIRT I. 
 
 Chapter I. 
 
 delay, received the name of Amazons ; for, 
 refusing their emhraces, they took to arms, 
 and elected two, more daring than the rest, 
 as their queens : who, cutting off their breasts, 
 for the more ready casting their javelins, at^ 
 tacked all Asia, and for almost the revolution 
 of a century subjected entire outvyard Asia to 
 their rule. 
 
 The first man of the race of Japhet who 
 entered Europe was called Alanus, with three 
 sons, whose names are Isicion, Armenon, and 
 Negno. 
 
 Isicion had four sons, who are these — 
 namely, Francus, Eomanus, Alamannus, and 
 Bricto. 
 
 Armenon had five sons, namely, Gothus, 
 Walegothus, Goliebitus, Burgundus, and Lon- 
 gobardus. 
 
 Negno, the elder, had sons, who are, 
 namely, Wandalus, Saxon, Kegarus, Targus. 
 
 From Isicion, first-born of Alanus, the 
 elder, the descendants are, namely, the Eo- 
 mans, called also Latins, Franks, Alemanni, 
 and Britons. 
 
 From Armenon, the second son, are 
 sprung the Goths, the Waligoths, Coliebiti, 
 Burgundi, and Longobardi. 
 
 But from Negno, the third son, have 
 arisen four nations, Bo(l)gari, Wandah, Sax- 
 ones, Thracians. 
 
 But they say Alanus was the son of Fre- 
 thenir, the son of Ogamin, the son of Thor, 
 
 on every side shut in by the ocean, has three 
 divisions, namely, Asia, Africa, and Europe. 
 Asia has, however, the most extensive king- 
 doms, and, according to numeration, is the 
 third part, hut according to its magnitude the 
 second. 
 
 In Asia, these are the provinces and coun- 
 tries — India, Achaia, Parthia, Siria, Percia, 
 Media, Mesopotamia, Capedocia, Palestina, 
 Armenia, CiUcia, Caldea, Siria, iEgyptus, 
 Libia. 
 
 In Africa, these are the provinces and 
 countries — Libia Cirini, Pentapolis, Ethio- 
 pia, Tripolitana and Bisania, Getulia, Narabia, 
 Numidia, Samaria, Oyses the greater and the 
 less. 
 
 In Europe, these are the provinces and 
 countries, namely, Eoma, Calabria, Hispania, 
 Alamannia, Macedonia, Tracia, Dalmacia, 
 Pannonia, Polonea, Gallia called also Francia, 
 Acquitania, and Britannica, Hibernia, and the 
 Aquilones beyond the ocean. 
 
 The nation of the Goths being driven from 
 the Island of Seanza, and taking their depar- 
 ture with their King Borig, they soon left their 
 ships, and called the place where they landed 
 Seanza, in remembrance of the country they 
 had left. Spreading themselves out thence, 
 they overran the Germanic Gulphs and the 
 mouths of the Meotis. They also took pos- 
 session of the limotrope countries, in every 
 direction, of which Dacia and Norway after- 
 wards had many famous and powerful mo- 
 narchs. They pretend that the deity Mars 
 proceeded from amongst them, who loved to 
 be appeased by human sacrifices. They also 
 boast that the Trojans were of their race, and 
 that Antenor, who fled, on account of bis 
 treachery, from the destruction of the city 
 
PART I. CHAPTER I. 
 
 the son of Boib, the son of Semeon, the son 
 of Mayi, the son of Attach, the son of Arcaat, 
 the son of Tholet, the son of Tazh, the son of 
 Eaa, the son of Abirth, the son of Esiam, the 
 son of Esiam, the son of Baath, the son of 
 Johin, the son of Jalath, the son of Japhet, 
 the third son of Noe. 
 
 (Troy), arrived in Germany ; that, reigning 
 afterwards in Dacia, or in Dannemarck, he 
 gave his own name to that province. Prom 
 these causes they are ignorant that they have 
 a Gothic origin. These Danes, who after- 
 wards increased so greatly in their population, 
 and because their islands were too fully sup- 
 plied with inhabitants, made a law that the 
 most daring of their youths should be com- 
 pelled to emigrate from their homes. By 
 such a compulsory lot, EoUo is asserted to 
 have become the first Duke of the Normans ; 
 a man fearless and mighty, who, at the bid- 
 ding of his father, who wished his eldest son 
 to succeed at home, was sent with a large 
 army, and resources of gold and silver, that 
 he should seek an heritage wherever fate 
 might grant it. Arriving in Neustria, he 
 brought the whole country of Normandy (so 
 named from these Normans,) under his rule. 
 From Kollo the renowned Dukes of Nor- 
 mandy took their origin, as will be declared 
 in its proper place in the following history. 
 
 Part I. 
 Chapter I. 
 
J'ART I. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 PiET I. 
 
 Chapter II. 
 
 In the year of Abraham one hundred and 
 twenty, and of Isaac twenty, Ores began to 
 reign in Creta. From him Crete takes its 
 name ; and some say he was one of the Cu- 
 retes, by whom they relate that Jubiter, the 
 son of Saturn, was hidden and brought up. 
 
 In the year of Abraham five hundred and 
 sixty-four, and of Josua the twenty-second, 
 Jubiter, King of Crete, carried away Europa, 
 the daughter of Agenor, King of Libya. 
 From her he begat Eadamantlius, Serbedon, 
 and Mineon, who reigned in Crete after him. 
 Europa, however, was afterwards married to 
 Astreo, the King of the Cretans. 
 
 Jubiter, from the chosen daughter of At- 
 lantis, the King who first came to Dardanum as 
 King of the Phrygians, (begat) Dardanus, 
 who called it Dardaniam, from his own name. 
 Dardanus begat Ericthonius, Ericthonius begat 
 Troius, who was much praised for his justice 
 and piety, and who, to raise up an enduring 
 memorial of his name, called the country of 
 his native land Troy. Troius had two sons : 
 the eldest, Ilus, his first born, who afterwards 
 succeeded him ; and Duke Assaracus. 
 
 Ilus built a city called after his name. 
 Ilium, and he begat Laomedon, King, Lao- 
 
 After the destruction of the Tower of 
 Confusion (Babel), Noe, embarking with some 
 followers, arrived in Italy, and having built a 
 town of his own name, (Nola ?) there finished 
 his term of life. But Janus, with his grand- 
 son Jano, built the Janiculum, beyond the 
 Tiber, where is now the Church on the Ja- 
 niculum. About that time Nemorth, who 
 is also Saturnus, flying from his son Jove, 
 and arriving in the kingdom of Janus, built 
 a city, where is now the Capitol. In those 
 days, Italus also coming to Janus with the 
 Ciculi, (SicuH?) built the city Saturnum, 
 beside the Eiver Albula, afterwards named 
 Tiber, because King Tiber had been drowned 
 in it. Hercules also, the son of Italus, built 
 the town Galeria, underneath the Capitol. 
 Afterwards, King Tiberius, or Tiberus, came 
 from the East, and King Evander from Ar- 
 chadia, and built cities, as Virgil says. 
 After that Evander (succeeded), 
 
 " Founder of Rome's firm towers ;" 
 
 ViRGii. JSncM, Tin. 313. 
 
 whose scattered parts Eomulus afterwards 
 united into one walled city, and caused to 
 be inhabited by the noblest families of Italy. 
 Janus reigned first in Italy ; after him 
 Saturnus. But Saturnus, flying from his son 
 Jove, out of the island of Crete, concealed 
 
PART I. CHArTER II. 
 
 medon begat Priam, King, who again (begat) 
 Hector and his brethren. Duke Assaracus 
 begat Capes ; Capes begat Anchises ; An- 
 chises begat iEneas, who betrayed the city 
 to the Greeks. 
 
 In the first year of Jeptha, of Abraham 
 eight hundred and nineteen, Peleus, King of 
 Peloponesus, the greatest of the kings of 
 Greece, fearing lest the illustrious youth 
 Jason, the son of his brother Esion, should 
 aspire to his kingdom after himself had been 
 expelled, persuaded Jason to seek among the 
 Colchian Islands the golden fleece, hoping 
 that the ruin of the young man might thus 
 be accomplished, either from the protracted 
 navigation, or in his contests with the natives. 
 Jason, however, departing with his companions, 
 landed first in Phrygia, where Laomedon was 
 then King. But driven from the coasts of 
 Phrygia, he came to Colchis, whose king he 
 conquered, and whose son he slew. He 
 carried off the golden fleece, and eloped with 
 Medea, the daughter of the king, whom he 
 took to wife. Having equipped fifteen ves- 
 sels, he landed in the night time in Phrygia, 
 where he slew Laomedon, the King, and laid 
 waste the town of Ilium. He seized Hesion, 
 the daughter of the king, whom he gave in 
 marriage to Telamon, one of his followers. 
 Upon hearing this, Priam, Laomedon's son, 
 began to strengthen Ilium with gates and 
 walls, and to reign. 
 
 In the year of Abraham eight hundred 
 and fifty, Ascanius, the son of iEneas, began 
 to reign in Italy, angl ruled twenty-eight years. 
 He abandoned the town of Lavinum, which 
 iEneas had built for himself, and founded 
 Alba Longa, on the banks of the Tiber, which 
 
 himself in these districts, (not far from tlie 
 city of Eome,) afterwards called Lavinium, 
 where he taught the ignorant natives to build, 
 to worship, and to plant, who heretofore had 
 hved upon acorns, and beneath sheds of (inter-) 
 woven leaves. He also first instituted brass 
 money, for which the multitude and the 
 peasantry worshiped him as a deity. 
 
 In the six hundredth year of Abraham, 
 of Debbora the first, the line of the Laurentii 
 began to rule in Italy ; and after the death 
 of Janus and Saturnus, who reigned a long 
 time, Picus, their son, began his reign. 
 
 In the year of Abraham seven hundred 
 and seventy-one, Faunus, the son of Picus, 
 ruled in Italy, under whom Evander, coming 
 from the confines of Archadia, received the 
 Palatine Fields and Hills. 
 
 The wife of this Faunus, named Fatua, 
 was frequently inspired with prophetic power ; 
 whence even now, those inspired are said to 
 be infatuated (fatuari). 
 
 From this Faunus' daughter and Her- 
 cules, who, after the conquest of Geryon, the 
 giant King of Spain, was then carrying his 
 flocks through Italy, in token of his victory, 
 Latinus was born out of wedlock, and after- 
 wards ruled there. 
 
 In the year of Abraham eight hundred 
 and sixteen, the nymph Carpentes or Nico- 
 strata, the mother of King Latinus, found 
 out the Latin letters A, B, C, D, E, F, G, 
 &c. 
 
 In the year of Abraham eight hundred 
 and nineteen, Latinus, the son of Carrmeutes, 
 the son of Faunus, began his reign in Italy, 
 in which he ruled thirty-two years ; from 
 whom the kingdom of the Latini took its 
 rise. 
 
 In the year of Abraham eight hundred 
 
 Paht I. 
 L'hapicr II. 
 
PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Part I. 
 Chapter II. 
 
 became the second capital of this kingdom. 
 From this city tlie Latin kings were called 
 Albani. Ascanius educated his posthmnous 
 brother, Silvius, (born of his stepmother, 
 Lavinia, after his father's death,) with the 
 greatest care, who had his name because he 
 was brought up amidst woods. From him 
 the Latin kings were subsequently called Silvii. 
 To this same Silvius Posthumus Ascanius be- 
 queathed his kingdom, because his own son 
 Julus, fi'om whom the Julian family takes its 
 origin, was still of a tender age. 
 
 In the year of Abraham nine hundred 
 and twenty-four, iEneas Silvius, fourth of 
 the Latins, commenced his reign, and ruled 
 XXXI. years. 
 
 In the year of Abraham nine hundred 
 and eleven, of Samuel the second, Locrinus 
 began to reign over the third part of this 
 island (Britain) ; in whose first year, Alba- 
 nact being killed, and Camber dying, he 
 ruled ten years over the entire island, and 
 took Gwendolina, the daughter of Corineus, 
 to wife. He at the same time clandestinely 
 entertained Estrelda, upon whom he begat a 
 daughter, named Habren. He also begat a 
 legitimate son, named Maddeu. Upon Co- 
 rinseus' death, Gwendohna was forsaken, and 
 Estrelda received as queen. When Gwendo- 
 hna moved forces upon Cornwall, he collected 
 an army, but, a battle ensuing, Locrinus was 
 struck by an arrow and killed. Estrelda and 
 her daughter Habreu were thrown into the 
 river, which now, from the name of the 
 daughter Habreu, is called Sabrina (Severn). 
 
 In the year of Abraham nine hundred 
 and twenty-two, of Saul the first, Gwendo- 
 
 and eighty-eight, ^neas arriving in Italy, 
 after the destruction of Troy, was (found) 
 deserving of so much favour at the hands of 
 King Latinus, that he was received as a par- 
 ticipator in the kingdom ; and because he 
 was betrothed to Lavinia, the wife of Turnus, 
 King of the Tuscans, both became confede- 
 rates in a war (begun) by Turnus, on account 
 of being defrauded of his bride. In this war 
 Turnus and Latinus were killed, and therefore 
 iEneas gained the dominions of both, and 
 built a city named after his wife. He after- 
 wards waged war against Besencius, King of 
 the Tusci, and was slain, having left behind 
 him Ascanius, whom he had begotten at 
 Troy on Creusa, and Lavinia pregnant. 
 
 In the year of Abraham eight hundred 
 and twenty-six, of A(bimi)lesse the first, Pria- 
 mus, king of Frigia, or Troia, sent Antenor 
 to the Greeks, with the message that he would 
 pass over all former injuries in peace, if Esion, 
 his sister, now a long time carried oiF, should 
 be restored to him. On their refusal, he 
 prepared for war, setting his first-born. Hec- 
 tor, in command of the others. Alexander, 
 who is also (called) Paris, was sent with An- 
 tenor to the Greeks. He brings back with 
 him Helena, the wife of Menelaus. Priamus 
 applauds this, because he is likely thereby to 
 reobtain his sister Esion. But the king of 
 the Greeks arrived at Troy with forty-seven 
 ships, where they fought for ten years and 
 seven months. At the end of this period 
 Jineas and Antenor betrayed the city to the 
 Greeks, and flew for their own safety. Before 
 its surrender, one thousand one hundred and 
 seventy-eight thousand WQfe slain ; but after 
 its betrayal, two hundred and seventy-seven 
 thousand. Eneas, on account of the revela- 
 tions of Polyxene, was ordered to quit (the 
 
PART I. CHAPTER 11. 
 
 9 
 
 lina, Queen, daughter of the Duke of Corn- 
 wall, reigned in Britain XV. years after the 
 death of her husband. 
 
 In the year of Abraham nine hundred 
 and thirty-sLx, of Saul the fifteenth. Madden, 
 the son of Locrinus, reigned in Britain forty 
 years, and begat Menipercius and Malus, 
 betwixt whom great dissension and discord 
 arose concerning the chief rule. 
 
 city), and the land being given to Anthenor, 
 it was taken. Troy was destroyed, from the 
 nativity of Abraham thirteen hundred, of 
 Abdon the second, of Latinus the thirtieth 
 year ; from the departure of Israel out of 
 Egypt three hundred and forty ; before the 
 building of the city about eight hundred and 
 thirty- three. 
 
 In the year of Abraham eight hundred 
 and eighty eight, of Eli, the priest, the 
 eighteenth, Brutus, the son of Silvius, the 
 son of Ascanius, according to our historians, 
 possessed himself of Britain. This Brutus, 
 who had killed his mother in childbirth, and, 
 when fifteen, his father also, whilst hunting, 
 was for this driven from Italy, and went into 
 Greece, where, by the help of the Trojans, 
 he killed Pandrasius, King of the Cretans, 
 and married his daughter Innogen, freed the 
 Trojans, and, as advised by the Oracle of 
 Diana, directed his course towards Africa. 
 Thence he penetrated to the Altars of the 
 Philonse, the Lake Salinas, the Eiver Malua, 
 and the Columns of Hercules. He also heard 
 the Sirens, (Sironum ?) and Corinteus then 
 joining him, he came to Armorica. 
 
 There Capharo, the Duke of the Pietavi, 
 being overcome, but Turnus, the nephew of 
 Brutus, being slain, he stretched with favour- 
 ing sails towards Albion, so called from its 
 white clifis, and landed on the shore at Toti- 
 ness (Totness), in Cornwall. Being made 
 monarch there, he first slew the inhabitant 
 giants. He called the island from his own 
 name, Britannia, and his followers Britones. 
 He gave up Cornubia to Corineus, and built 
 Trinovantum, or New Troy, now London, on 
 
 Part I. 
 Cliapter II. 
 
10 PBOFANE HISTORY. 
 
 PiBT I. the Kiver Thames. He begot three children. 
 
 Chapter II. Locruius, Cambrus, and Albanacter. After 
 
 ruUng XXIIIJ. years, he died. After the death 
 of Brutus, his three children divided the 
 country amongst them : Locrinus, the first 
 born, had the centre part, namely, from the 
 Southern Sea to the Humber, which he called 
 from his name Loengria. Camber got that 
 portion which is beyond the Severn, and 
 (towards) the Eastern Ocean, called from his 
 name Cambria, but now Wallia. Albanact 
 went to the northern parts, which he named 
 Albanact, but now called Scotia. 
 
 He (Scaf), as they say, driven on to a 
 certain island of Germania without an oar, 
 and with a bundle of corn, which, in their 
 vernacular tongue is called Sheaf, whence 
 his name, Scaf, was discovered asleep by the 
 men of that country. This being looked 
 upon as miraculous, he was carefully educated 
 until his manhood, when he reigned in the 
 town now called Sleswick, or Haddebuy. 
 Formerly it was called Old England, whence 
 the Angles came into Britain, laying betwixt 
 the Goths and Saxons. 
 
PART I. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 In the year of David xxvii., Menipercius 
 reigned in Britain twenty years. He invited 
 his brother Mains to a conference, as if for 
 reconciliation, and murdered him thus invited, 
 and so gained forcible possession of the king- 
 dom. He harassed the lower orders by many 
 acts of tyranny, and at last, having discarded 
 his wife, on whom he had begotten the excel- 
 lent youth Ebrancus, he indulged in the plague 
 of sodomy, and after the lapse of three years 
 was devoured by wolves whilst hunting. 
 
 In the year of David cxiu., Brutus with 
 the surname Greenshield (viridescutum), the 
 first-born of Eriincus, began to reign over 
 the Britons, and reigned xii. years. 
 
 In the year of David XV., Latinus Silvius, 
 fifth of the Latins, began to reign in Italy, 
 and reigned thirty years. 
 
 In the reign of David XLV., of Solomon 
 XV., Alba Silvia, sixth of the Latins, began 
 to reign in Italy, and reigned xxxix. years. 
 
 In the reign of David cv., Egiptus Silvius, 
 seventh of the Latins, began to reign in Italy, 
 and reigned xxiiu. years. 
 
 In the reign of David cxxvij.. Capes 
 Silvius, eighth of the Latins, began to reign 
 in Italy, and reigned xxvilJ. years. He built 
 the city of Capua. 
 
 In the year of David civ., Carpentes Sil- 
 
 In the year of David fifty-five, Ebrancus, ^^^ ^^ 
 son of Menipercius, reigned over the Britons ^''"p"'"' '"• 
 sixty years ; a man powerful and comely. 
 From twenty wives, he begat twenty sons and 
 thirty daughters, of whom Gwalaes was the 
 fairest. His daughters he sent to Albus 
 Silvius, King of the Latins, that these might 
 be mixed with Trojan blood, as the Sabine 
 women had refiised their embraces. The 
 sons of this Ebrancus, under Duke Assaracus, 
 gained possession of part of Germany. Ebran- 
 cus built the city of Eboracum (York), beyond 
 the Humber ; on the borders of Northumbria, 
 and Albania, he fixed the town of Accluid 
 (Dumbarton) ; but below Albania he founded 
 the city of Virgins, now Edinburgdonum. 
 Afterwards he sent his fleet to the provinces 
 of the Gauls, which returned with great booty. 
 
 In the year of David cxxxvu., Leil, the 
 son of Brutus, began to reign, and reigned 
 over the Britons xxv. years. He was a 
 cultivator of peace and justice, and completed 
 a city of his own name, Caer-leil, in the 
 northern part of Britain. 
 
 In the year of David CLIJ., Eududibras 
 began his reign, and reigned xxxix. years. 
 He built three large cities, Canterbury, Win- 
 ton, and Septonia, or Shaftsbury. 
 
 In the year of David CLXXi., Bladud, 
 
12 
 
 PEOFANE HISTORY. 
 
 pabt I. T/'ixis, ninth of the Latins, began to reign in 
 Chapter III. j^^^^^ ^^^ reigned XIIJ. years. 
 
 In the year of David CLXVIIJ., Tiberius 
 Silvius, son of Carpentes, tenth of the Latins, 
 began to reign, and reigned eight years. He 
 was thrown into the Tiber, which thence took 
 the name of Tiber: it was previously called 
 Albula. 
 
 In the reign of David CLXXVI. , Agrippa 
 Silvius, eleventh of the Latins, began to reign 
 in Italy, and reigned XL. years. 
 
 In the year of David ccxxi., Arenius, 
 or Acremulus Silvius, of the Latins xii., 
 began to reign in Italy, and reigned XIX. 
 years. 
 
 In the year of David ccxxxv., Aventinus 
 Silvius, XIIJ. of the Latins, began to reign in 
 Italy, and reigned xxiiiJ. years. In his time 
 Fidon established for the Greeks weights and 
 measures. 
 
 In the year of David ccxix., Procas Sil- 
 vius, xiiiJ. of the Latins, began to reign in 
 Italy, and reigned XXIJ. years. 
 
 In the year of David CCXCI., Amilius Sil- 
 vius, XV. of the Latins, (Procas the Second 
 having been expelled,) reigned in Italy forty- 
 three years. But the years of his reign are 
 reckoned with those of his eldest brother, 
 Numitor. This Numitor, being driven from 
 his throne by his brother Amulius, retired to 
 his own estate. His daughter Piea, or Etilia, 
 admired for her beauty, was chosen a Vestal 
 Virgin. In the seventh year of her uncle's 
 reign, she was found pregnant of two boys, 
 Eomulus and Eemus, as she said, by Mars. 
 For this crime she was buried (alive) in the 
 earth, and the boys were exposed on the 
 banks of a river, Faustulus, shepherd of 
 the king's flocks, brought them to his wife, 
 who, on account of her beauty and libidinous 
 
 son of Eududibras, began his reign over the 
 Britons, and reigned xx. years. He built, 
 by necromantic art, according to Gaufridus 
 and Alfridus, the city of Bath, as also the hot 
 baths (there), serviceable for diseases. But 
 William of Malmsbury, in his Chronicle, says 
 that Julius Cffisar first discovered these baths ; 
 but this I do not think, but rather (prefer) the 
 above (facts) concerning this city. 
 
 In the year of David ccxi. , Leirus reigned 
 in Britain, and built Leicester, on the Eiver 
 Soar. He begot three daughters. Being 
 desirous of knowing which of them loved him 
 most, to his inquiry the two eldest, Goronella 
 and Eegan, answered that they loved him 
 beyond themselves : the youngest, Corderilla, 
 said, " As much you have (of worth), so 
 much you are valued, and so much I love 
 you." Upon hearing this, the indignant king 
 replied, " Thou hast no portion in my king- 
 dom." The Dukes of Cornwall and Albany 
 married the two eldest, mth half the island, 
 and the remainder in reversion on his death. 
 At length, however, the fame of Cordeha 
 reached the ears of Aganippus, King of the 
 Franks, who immediately sent an embassy to 
 demand her in marriage for their king. King 
 Leir willingly agreed to their demand, but 
 without land or dowry. After a short space 
 of time, the (two) Dukes rose against him, 
 deprived him of (his part of) his kingdom, 
 allowing only the stipends of forty knights 
 during his lifetime : but afterwards, when he 
 was entirely driven away by them, he sought 
 out Corderilla, by whom he was honourably 
 entertained ; and by the assistance of Aga- 
 nippus he conquered both dukes, and regained 
 his land. Three years afterwards he died, 
 and was buried by his daughter in certain 
 
PART I. CHAPTER HI. 
 
 13 
 
 industry, was called Lupa : whence even to 
 our times brothels are called Lupinaria. The 
 boys, however, when they grew to man's 
 estate, collected a number of shepherds and 
 inhabitants of Latium, and slew Amintor at 
 the river Alba, and reinstated Numitor in his 
 kingdom. Nevertheless, whether the afore- 
 said female was called Lupa or not, ancient 
 monuments in marble and stone represent 
 those boys suckled by a real wolf. 
 
 In the year of David cccxxxiiu., Eome 
 was founded by the two brothers, Eemus and 
 Eomulus, on Mount Palatine, the eleventh of 
 the kalends of May, from which year the date 
 of Eomulus' reign is reckoned. For under 
 Eomulus' rule, Eemus was killed by Duke 
 Fabius with a labourer's spade ; whether this 
 was done with Eomulus' privity I know not: 
 the cause of his death was, that, judging the 
 wall of the new city insufficient for its defence, 
 Eemus, in inconsciousness, as a proof leaped 
 over it. 
 
 Chapter III. 
 
 underground vaults by the Kiver Soar, near ''*'" '• 
 Leicester. 
 
 Queen Corderilla, daughter of Leir, reigned 
 five years after her father's death. The sons 
 of her sisters disquieted and afflicted her whole 
 reign. 
 
 Gunedagius reigned xxxiij. years : for he 
 killed his brother Morgan, who had revolted, 
 near Glamorgan, in Wales, from which event 
 that whole district is still called the country 
 of Morgan. 
 
 In the year of David CCCX., on the death 
 of Gunedagius, his son Eivallo followed: a 
 youth always fortunate, and who governed his 
 kingdom with care. In his time fell a bloody 
 rain, and a great plague of flies and mortality 
 (happened) amongst men. 
 
 To him succeeded Gurgustius, his son ; 
 to him Sisillius ; to him Jago, grandson of 
 Gurgentius ; to him Kynmarchus, the son of 
 Sisillius ; to him Gorbodius ; two sons fol- 
 lowed him, Terrex and Porrex. Porrex, 
 however, inflamed with the desire of govern- 
 ing, murdered his brother. For this his 
 mother, Judon, who loved her murdered son 
 Torrex best, killed him when asleep, having 
 attacked him with aid of her maids, and torn 
 him piecemeal. Afterwards civil discords 
 afflicted the nation for a long period, and 
 five kings ruled in the land, who harassed 
 one another with frequent forays, to the days 
 of Molmucius Dunwallo, who, having put to 
 death the other four kings, reigned alone. 
 
 Eomulus, therefore, the first of the Eomans, from whom the Latins are called the 
 Eomans, named the city Eome, after his own name, and brought thither inhabitants from 
 all quarters. He elected one hundred of the elders, by whose counsel he ordered all matters : 
 those he called Senators, because seniors, and Fathers, on account of the analogy of their 
 cares. He chose one thousand warriors, whom from their number (mille) he called milites 
 (soldiers). Titus Livius and some others mention that, when taking the census, on the 
 
14 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Past 1. 
 Chapter III. 
 
 Caprae Moors, he was suddenly covered with a thick watery cloud, and hidden from sight. 
 But Augustin, in his " Civitate Dei," seems to agree with others, that, being stricken by a 
 thunder-bolt, he was so crushed that no part of his body could be found; or, as some of 
 the Eomans suggest, he was hewn to pieces. Eomulus, however, after he had been (thus) 
 unjustly destroyed at Caprse (as above related), in the thirty-ninth year of his reign, was 
 thought to have passed to the Gods, and was deified under the name of Quirinus. For 
 about a year and a half after his death, the state was governed by the Senators, which 
 space of time is called broken (interremptum). 
 
 In the year of David ccCLXXin., of the 
 building of Eome xxxix., Numa Pompeius 
 began to rule this Eoman settlement, and 
 reigned xliij, years. He gave the Eomans 
 laws and customs ; he rebuilt the Capitol 
 from its foundation ; he invented money, 
 called from his name Nwmus. The word 
 pecunia signifies that money was first made 
 from the skins of animals (pecudum). Sa- 
 turn afterwards coined money from brass ; 
 but our Numa from silver, whence, from 
 Numa, numus is derived. 
 
 In the year of the building of Eome 
 CCLXXXV., Dunwallo, the son of Molmucius, 
 King of Cornwall, began to reign over the 
 Britons ; and after he had slain the kings of 
 Loengria, Cambria, Northumbria, and Alba- 
 nia, became sole monarch of the island. He 
 had a golden diadem made, and he framed 
 the laws called Molmutine, which Gildas after- 
 wards reduced into Latin, and subsequently 
 King Alured translated from Latin into Eng- 
 lish. This (prince) died after he had reigned 
 fifteen years. This is he who assigned temples 
 to the Gods, and (decreed) the plough of the 
 husbandman, cities, and the roads leading to 
 them, inviolate. 
 
PART I. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 In the year of David CCCCJ. , of the build- 
 ing of the city LXViiJ., Tullius Hostilius, 
 third of the Eomans, began to reign, and 
 reigned xxxilJ. years. He first introduced 
 to the Eomans the purple and the fasces. 
 He, after a long peace, again undertook a 
 war, and conquered the Albani and Fide- 
 nates, but perished at last with his habita- 
 tion, stricken by a thunder-bolt. 
 
 In the year of David CCCCXLVIU. , of the 
 building of the city cxv., Ancus Marcius, 
 fourth of the Eomans, began to reign, and 
 reigned XXIIJ. years. He was grandson of 
 Numa, by a daughter. 
 
 In the year of David CCCCLXXXI., of the 
 building of the city CXXXVIIJ., Tranquinius, 
 fifth of the Eomans, began to reign, and he 
 reigned xxxviu. years. He doubled the num- 
 ber of the Senators, instituted the games, built 
 the walls and sewers, and was at length slain 
 by the sons of Ancus. 
 
 In the year of the building of the city 
 CLXXIIJ., fi-om the Babilonian captivity XIIJ., 
 Servus Tullius, YJth of the Eomans, the son 
 of Capente began to reign, and reigned xxxiu. 
 years. He added three hills to the city, 
 namely, the Quirinal, the Esquiline, and the 
 Viminal, and surrounded the city with ditches. 
 He first introduced a census amongst the Eo- 
 mans. At length he was slain by the base- 
 
 In the year of the building of the city ^*!I '• 
 CCCXXVJ. , of the Babilonian captivity CCLXVI., ""'^'""^ ^^' 
 Belinus, the son of Molmucius, reigned in 
 Britain ; reserving to himself Loengria, Cam- 
 bria, and Cornubia, but relinquishing the 
 Northumbrian country and Albania to his 
 brother Brennus. After reigning peacably in 
 his territory for fifteen years, Brennus revolted 
 against Belinus, but, becoming penitent, fled 
 before him to Deguinus, Duke of the Allo- 
 brages, or Little Britain, whose daughter, 
 and, after his death, whose kingdom, was 
 given to him. The year after he had gained 
 it, he passed with the Gauls and Allobroges 
 into Britain, to make war upon his brother; 
 but their mother, now aged, with dishevelled 
 hair, and those breasts bare with which she 
 had given suck to both brothers, made peace 
 between them. The next year, the brothers 
 unitedly attacked the Gauls, trampled down 
 the Germans, and finally besieged Eome. 
 Belinus, on his return to Britain, built the 
 city of Car-usk, on the river Usk, near Gla- 
 morgan, which now is the city of Legions ; 
 and in North Wales is another city of the 
 Legions, now Chester, whose founder is un- 
 known. 
 
 In the year of the building of the city 
 CCCLXXXIIJ. , of the Babilonian captivity CLXX. , 
 Gurgeucinus Bartirius, son of Belinus, a 
 
16 
 
 PEOFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Past 1. ness of Tarqubius Superbus, his son-in-law. 
 Chapter IV. geyenty thousand was then the number of the 
 Roman citizens. 
 
 In the year of the building of the city 
 ccvil., from the Babilonian captivity xlvij., 
 Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, VII. and last of 
 the Eomans, began to reign, and reigned 
 XXXI. years. He first amongst the Romans 
 invented various kinds of punishments, as 
 chains, bull's scourges, plates and prisons, 
 handcuffs, fetters, banishment, and irons. 
 But as his sons had forcibly deflowered Lu- 
 cretia, the wife of CoUatinus, the Roman 
 army, after storming the town of Ardea, 
 went away from him, and he found the gates 
 of Rome shut against him when he returned. 
 Tarquinius Superbus, being thus expelled, 
 with wife and children, after reigning XXXV. 
 years, two Consuls were taken for one king. 
 They were so created for this reason, that if 
 one should misconduct himself, he might be 
 restrained by the other. When Trauquinius 
 CoUatinus, the second Consul, was chosen, 
 the dignity was offered him in spite of his 
 name, as he was called Tranquinius, and it 
 had been determined that none bearing this 
 name should remain in the city. 
 
 Brutus, the other Consul, died so poor, 
 that unless money had been collected from 
 the people (his funeral) could not have taken 
 place. 
 
 In the year of the building of the city 
 CCLiiiJ., from the Babilonian captivity xciiiJ., 
 the Roman people made a revolt, so much 
 were they oppressed by the Senate and the 
 Consuls. 
 
 In the year of the building of the city 
 CCCCLXV., from the Babilonian captivity 
 CCCIIJ., Morindus the Cruel reigned over 
 the Britons : he was the son of Danius, be- 
 
 moderate and prudent man, loving peace and 
 justice, reigned ever the Britons. When his 
 neighbours turned against him, he, bearing 
 in mind the fortitude and example of his 
 father, met them in battle ; and when the 
 king of the Daci refused him the accustomed 
 tribute, he subdued him. On his return to 
 Britain, he met thirty ships coming from 
 Spain, filled with Basques, whom, with Bar- 
 tolomeus, their leader, he sent into those 
 parts of Ireland then destitute of inhabitants. 
 
 In the year of the building of the city 
 CCCCVIIJ., of the Babilonian captivity CCXLVIIJ. , 
 Eidythenius, son of Gurgencius, reigned over 
 the Britons, whose wife, Mercia, imbued with 
 almost every science, published that code of 
 laws called by the Saxons the Mercen-lage. 
 This same Mercia reigned a short time after 
 the death of her husband, because their son 
 Sisillus was only seven years old. Afterwards 
 this Sisillus succeeded ; then Sisillus Bymar- 
 chus ; after whom his brother Danius ; and 
 after him Morindus the Cruel. 
 
 In the year of the building of the city 
 DCCXCVIJ., of the Babilonian captivity 
 ccxxxvij., the Consular power ceased, and 
 Decemviri were created, instead of two Con- 
 suls. But the second year afterwards, one 
 of them, Appius Claudius, he who brought 
 the Claudian Waters to Rome, and built the 
 Appian Way, sought with corrupt intent 
 to tempt the virgin daughter of a warrior,, 
 whom her father stabbed. This caused a 
 tumult, wherein the power was taken from 
 the Decemvirs : tribunes of the people and 
 ^diles were created, and Consuls re-esta- 
 blished. 
 
 In the year of the building of the city 
 DCCCXCIJ., from the Babilonian captivity 
 DXXXIJ., Caius JuHus Cesar was chosen 
 
PABT I. CHAPTER IV. 
 
 17 
 
 gotten on his concubine, Trangusttla, After 
 many barbarities, he was destroyed by a sea 
 monster. He left five sons, of whom Gor- 
 bidianus, a lover of equity, the eldest, reigned 
 a short time after : he constantly conferred 
 on his gods their due honours, and on his 
 people strict justice ; he restored the temples 
 in all his cities ; and during his reign intro- 
 duced more riches into the island than any 
 other country possessed. He also held the 
 country people to agriculture, by protecting 
 them from the oppression of their Lords : he 
 distributed gold and silver among his war- 
 riors, so that none had reason to do injury 
 to any one. Amidst such and similar public 
 benefits he paid the debt of nature, and was 
 buried in the city of the Trinovantes. 
 
 After Gorbidianus (came) his brother, 
 Argallo, who, in all his actions, differed 
 fi'om him ; for he tried to put down the 
 mighty on all occasions, and to raise the 
 humble ; from the rich to take what they 
 had, so that they revolted against him, and 
 drove him from his throne. 
 
 On the deposition of Argallo, Elidurus I., 
 the third brother, was substituted in the king- 
 dom ; who, after possessing the government fif- 
 teen years, when hunting in the forest of Gual- 
 tres — (this by Euver is now called Saltres, 
 near York ; by Geoffiy, however, stated as 
 near Acluid, in Ingwilwode,) — met his brother 
 Argallo, lately driven fi-om the throne, wan- 
 dering about : he had him concealed in his 
 chamber, and, feigning illness, called the prin- 
 cipal men of the kingdom to him, and forced 
 them to restore his brother. Argallo, how- 
 ever, dying ten years subsequently, Elidurus 
 was again restored. But the two remaining 
 brothers, Vigennius and Peridrius, expelled 
 him from the city of the Trinovantes, and 
 
 Consul, and Gaul and Illyrium were decreed ^"^I ' 
 to him for ten years. For nine years he *'''" 
 waged the most important wars against the 
 Gauls and Germans : he destroyed ccccxi. 
 milia Germans, who had passed the Ehine 
 to conquer Gaul. He subdued the Seuvi, 
 and afterwards conquered all Gaul, and made 
 Britain tributary by the delivery of hostages. 
 For such purpose he fought three battles 
 there very ill. In this year, the sixtieth 
 before the incarnation of Christ, according to 
 Bede, he entered Britain to subdue it, as 
 appears by the sequel. 
 
 Julius, as Consul, whilst he was waging 
 war against the Germans and Gaul, who 
 fought only along the Ehine, came to the 
 Moriani, and having fitted out there thirty 
 ships, with their transports and tenders, was 
 carried over into Britain. There he was 
 first harassed by smart skirmishes ; then he 
 lost great part of his ships and horse ; so that, 
 turning his back, he went to Gaul, and sent 
 some of his military legions into winter quar- 
 ters : but vessels being again procured, he 
 lost on his voyage to the warlike Britons 
 eleven ships in a storm, and after being first 
 vanquished, and his lieutenant, Labienus, 
 being slain, he with difficulty in another 
 encounter put the Britons to flight : for the 
 Britons had fortified the banks of the Eiver 
 Thames, at the place Julius attempted to 
 pass, with sharpened piles, of which pieces 
 of the bigness of a human thigh, cased with 
 metal, may still be seen fixed in the ground. 
 This was observed by the Eomans, who 
 avoided the danger, and gained possession of 
 the town of the Trinovantes, by the zeal of 
 Androgens, with fifteen hostages ; and then they 
 took the rich and well fortified residence of 
 Cassibelanus, situated amidst marshes. Cesar 
 
18 
 
 PROFAKE HISTORY. 
 
 Part I. threw him into prison. After they had suc- 
 
 ciiapter . ggggjygiy reigned, and were dead, EUdurus 
 
 was called out of prison, and a third time 
 
 restored to the throne, till death put an end 
 
 to his pure life. 
 
 After the death of Elidurus, the son of 
 Gorbidianus, called Regun, undertook to reign, 
 who equalled his uncle in wisdom and pru- 
 dence ; for, eschewing all tyranny, he exer- 
 cised mercy and justice towards all his sub- 
 jects, so that he never deviated from the 
 path of rectitude. 
 
 This king Eegun being dead, Morganus, 
 the eldest born of Argallo, succeeded to the 
 government ; who, after the example of his 
 kinsmen, ruled the kingdom and people of Bri- 
 tain with mildness. Guiannianus, his brother, 
 followed, but, differing from him widely in the 
 treatment of his subjects, was deposed from 
 the royal seat. This King Guiannianus being 
 dethroned, Bowallo, the son of Vigerius, fol- 
 lows, who, warned by the example of his pre- 
 decessor, cultivated right and rectitude. I'o 
 him succeeded Euno, the son of Peridrius; 
 to him Carstellus, his son ; to him Coelus ; 
 to him Porrex ; then Cherin ; he had three 
 sons, who each ruled by turns. Afterwards, 
 Varianus Androgens' sons : next Eliud ; then 
 Eleutherus ; then Ehdanthus ; then Clothen ; 
 then Burgwencius ; then Morianus ; then Bla- 
 did ; to him Cauper ; to him Auris ; and then 
 Lesellus : then Bledgarberd ; — he so greatly 
 excelled all the singers whom this latter age 
 has produced, in his notes, and on musical 
 instruments, that he was called the king of 
 actors. His son Achmael reigned after him : 
 to him succeeded Eldol ; to him Bidion ; 
 to him Eedarchus ; to him Samuel ; to him 
 Penissel; to him Pir ; to him Capon; to 
 him Vignellus, in every respect moderate and 
 
 after that left Britain, and returned into Gaul, 
 where he was untiringly harassed by continual 
 outbreaks of war. In Britain he was twice 
 routed by Cassibelanus : but as, on account of 
 the grandson of Cassibelanus, whom the grand- 
 son of Androgens had killed in a wrestling 
 match, that king and Androgens had great 
 dissensions, and Julius, on the invitation of 
 Androgeus, conquered Britain, and made 
 Cassibelanus tributary. 
 
 Woden, deducing his origin from an 
 ancient German race, was, after his death, 
 raised amongst the Gods. Our ancestors, 
 revering him as a deity, dedicated the fourth 
 day in the week to him, which they called 
 Wodensday, or Wednesday, after his name. 
 
 He had a wife, Frea by name, to whom 
 our ancestors, according to their wont, dedi- 
 cated the sixth day, and called it Friday, 
 after her name. 
 
 Woden, the King, begat on Frea, his 
 wife, seven famous sons, from whose pos- 
 terity seven kings arose, who ruled powerfully 
 in Britain after the expulsion of the Britons. 
 
 From Wecca, the eldest, the kings of the 
 Cantuarii. 
 
 From Firthgeath, the kings of the Mercii. 
 
 From Valday, the kings of the East 
 Saxons. 
 
 From Beldag, the kings of the Northum- 
 brians. 
 
 From Wedgay, the kings of the Deirians. 
 
 From Kasero, the kings of the Oriental 
 Angle, of whom Saint Edward was the last. 
 
 From Nastad, the kings of the Oriental 
 Saxons. 
 
PART I. CHAPTER IV. " 19 
 
 Paht I. 
 
 prudent, who especially governed his subjects And the eighth king of the South Saxons 
 
 with impartial justice. To him succeeded his was from the same nation, but not of their *''""'""" '^' 
 
 son Heh, who ruled the kingdom forty years lineage. 
 
 with great renown. He begat three sons, 
 
 Lud, Cassibelanus, and Nennius, of whom 
 
 Lud, the eldest, succeeded him, and after 
 
 him Cassibelanus, the first (British) king who 
 
 paid tribute to the Romans. 
 
Part I. 
 Chapter V. 
 
 PART I. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 The civil war betwixt Julius and the people originated in this manner : 
 "In the year of the building of the city Dccxx., from the Babilonian captivity dxlij., 
 Caius Julius Cesar, after a ten years' struggle, in which he subdued Gaul, Germany, and 
 Britain, looked for a triumph, or the honours due to such great victories. But Pompey, 
 Cato, and Marcellus were opposed to (granting) it, and ordered him, after disbanding his 
 army, to return to the city. When, however, on his return to Eome, he had approached the 
 Alps, he gave orders to Pompey, whose daughter he had married, to prepare for him 
 the triumph. Pompey, who fancied that his own dignity would thereby be clouded, with 
 the consent of the Senate, refused. JuUus, enraged at this, hastened against Pompey, who 
 in alarm fled with the Senate and his advisers into Greece, where he prepared for a contest 
 with Julius, who, when he had entered the vacated city, broke into the public treasury, 
 and took from it four thousand one hundred and thirty pounds of gold, and ninety thousand 
 of silver. Looking upon the state of things in the city as a peace, he took possession of all 
 the dignities. He then went to Spain, where he crushed a very strong force of Pompey's, 
 with three of its commanders ; and sailing thence to Greece, he waged war against Pompey. 
 In their first encounter, Cesar was worsted, but, the night supervening, Pompey would not 
 risk a pursuit ; whence Julius said, " Pompey knew not how to conquer : on that day only 
 was he (Cesar) able to be overcome." In the subsequent battle in Thessaly, the army of 
 Pompey fled, after its camp had been stormed ; and Pompey himself fled to Ptolomey, to 
 sohcit succours. But the King, guided more by events than by friendship, caused him to 
 be murdered : his head and ring were sent to Julius, who, at the sight of them, shed tears. 
 
 Lud, the first-born of Heli, reigned over Cassibelanus, when he assumed the mo- 
 
 the Britons after his father, and was a famous narchy of the entire kingdom, and did not 
 
 builder of cities, renewing the walls of Trino- turn it over to his nephews, willed not, how- 
 
 vantum, and surrounding it with innumerable ever, that the youths should be destitute of 
 
 towers. He ordered its Council so to build possessions, but transferred to them a large 
 
 their abodes and edifices, that in the oldest tract ; for he gave the city of the Trino- 
 
 kingdoms no city might contain more beautiful vantes, with the Dukedom of Kent, to An- 
 
 structures. He was a man given to wars, drogeus, and the Dukedom of Cornwall to 
 
PABT T. CHAPTEE V, 
 
 21 
 
 and liberal in bestowing rewards. But though 
 he had other cities, still he loved this before 
 all the rest. From him it was afterwards 
 called Kair Lud, or the town of Lud ; subse- 
 quently, on the change of language, Lundon, 
 and after that, by foreigners, Lundres, as 
 they in their vernacular added an s. 
 
 After his death, his body was buried in 
 the above city, near the gate, still from his 
 name called by the Britons Lud-gate. He 
 had two sons, Androgeus and Tenancius, in 
 whose place (as because of their age they 
 could not carry on the government,) Cassi- 
 belanus was substituted. 
 
 In the year of the building of the city 
 DCCXLIIIJ., from the Babilonian captivity 
 DLXXXiiiJ., Kymbelline, the brother of Ten- 
 ancius, reigned over the Britons. In his fifth 
 year, Jesus Christ, the Saviour of the age, 
 was born, in the xxist year of Herod, and 
 the beginning of the XLVI. year of Octavianus, 
 who began his reign in March of the year of 
 the building of the city, DCCLI. Kymbelline 
 begat Gwyderius and Arviragus, who suc- 
 cessively reigned after him. 
 
 In the year of grace XLVI., and fourth 
 of Claudius Cesar, in the reign of Gwyderius, 
 the first-born of Kymbelline, who refused the 
 tribute, Claudius Cesar passed over into Britain, 
 and obtained it without a battle. His Duke, 
 Lelius Hamo, killed King Gwyderius near Por- 
 chester. This Hamo was killed at the haven 
 of Hamonis (so called after him), by Arviragus. 
 Cesar, after warlike conflicts of varying for- 
 tune, received Arviragus, the brother of Gwy- 
 derius, into favour, and gave his daughter 
 Gewissa (brought from Eome,) to King Arvi- 
 ragus in marriage ; and, willing to make the 
 place of their nuptials famous, called it Clau- 
 diocestre, which in British is Kaer-clau-dyr, or 
 
 Tenancius, though himself, as invested with ^""^ '■ 
 the diadem, governed supreme over them '-''"'"'" ^• 
 and all the other princes throughout the 
 island. He twice routed Julius Cesar ; but 
 in their third encounter was, through Andro- 
 geus, beaten and made tributary for the seven 
 subsequent years. Tenancius, his nephew, 
 Duke of Cornwall, succeeded, because An- 
 drogeus was well provided for by Cesar at 
 Eome. 
 
 In the year of Eome DCXCL, from the 
 Babilonian captivity DXXXVi., Caius Julius 
 Cesar, after the death of Pompey, and after 
 he had attained the Consulate and Dictator- 
 ship, was first of all the Eoman leaders called 
 Imperator and Cesar : Imperator, because of 
 his sole rule in the monarchy ; and Cesar, 
 because he was cut (cesus) from the womb of 
 his dead mother. His successors were called 
 not only Cesares and Imperatores, but also, 
 from their augmenting the empire, Augusti. 
 But because when he distributed arbitrarily 
 those honours which had been formerly be- 
 stowed by the voice of the people, and because 
 amongst other tyrannical acts not rising 
 to the Senate when it waited upon him, a 
 conspiracy was formed against him by CCLX. 
 Senators, (instigated) principally by the two 
 Brutus'. Eeturning to the Capitol, he fell 
 (pierced) by the mortal wounds of twenty- 
 three swords, on the kalends of May ; and 
 letters were found on him after death, giving 
 him notice of the danger. 
 
 On the column of Julius, where now is 
 seen the steeple of Saint Peter's fane, the 
 ashes of his body were deposited, and there 
 was this metrical inscription : — 
 
 Tantus Cesar eras quantus et orbis 
 Sed nunc in modica clauderis uma. 
 
22 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Part I. j.]^g pjj.y q£ Ckudius ; afterwards it was called 
 Chapter . QiQ^gggter, OF Glovemia, from the conquest 
 of a certain Duke Glora, who was said to 
 have been begotten there by Claudius Cesar. 
 On the return of Claudius, and when Arvi- 
 ragus had broken his promise, the commander 
 Vespasian was sent from Eome, who subdued 
 the king and kingdom, and first of all reduced 
 the Isle of Wight, near the south coast of 
 Britain. 
 
 In the year of grace LXViu., of Nero 
 MliiJ., Marcus, the son of Arviragus, began 
 to reign in Britain, and reigned xxxu. years. 
 In his time the Picts arrived in Britain, whose 
 King was called Eoderic, whom Marius slew. 
 He had afterwards a part of Albania allotted 
 to the Picts, called Cathenesis, for their abode. 
 As they had no wives, he fetched them wives 
 from Ireland ; and from these Picts and Irish 
 wives the Scots originated, who were so called 
 because formed of different nations. 
 
 In the year of grace LVii. , Nero, the son 
 of Domicius and Agrippina, the sister of 
 Caius, and son-in-law of Claudius, began his 
 reign, and reigned nearly four years. He 
 was a most successful practiser on musical 
 instruments ; so much so, that it flattered 
 him to be held in public estimation as the 
 prince of harp-players; and to preserve his 
 voice, he used clysters and emetics. He put 
 no garment on a second time ; and to witness 
 the spectacle of a burning Troy, he set on fire 
 the greatest part of Eome for six days. He 
 was so luxurious as to be anointed with hot 
 and cold unguents. He took a man as a 
 wife, and was himself received as wife by a 
 man. He caused the womb of his mother, 
 Agrippina, to be ripped open, that he might 
 view the place of his conception : he caused 
 many nobles to be executed, as well as his 
 
 In the year of the building of the city 
 DCC, of the Babilonian captivity DXLVIIJ., 
 after the murder of Julius Cesar, Octavianus 
 Augustus, of a Eoman family born, of his 
 father Octavius, a Senator, and on the 
 mother's side sprung from Eneas, through 
 the Julian family ; the nephew of Julius 
 Cesar, and his son by adoption, and by will 
 his heir, began to reign, in March. In the 
 beginning of his forty-second year, and the 
 sixth from the birth of John the Baptist, on 
 the viiJ. of the kalends of April, on the sixth 
 day, and twelfth indiction, was born at Naza- 
 reth, of a virgin mother, recently married 
 to Joseph, Christ, perfect man in body and 
 spirit. And so was finished the fifth age of 
 the world. 
 
 In the year of grace C, and of the Em- 
 peror Neron the first, Coillus, the brother of 
 Marcius, began to reign in Britain. Sheltered 
 from infancy in Eome, he punctually discharged 
 the tribute (due) to the Eomans, and passed a 
 quiet life. Some say the city of Colchester, 
 at present the principal city of the East Angh, 
 was built by him. 
 
 In the year of grace clxij., Lucius, his 
 famous son, began his reign, as first Christian 
 king of the Britains : for in the xxllJc? year 
 of his reign, and after the lapse from the 
 nativity of Christ CLXV., and after seventy- 
 five Pagan kings, the Divine mercy settling 
 down on this kingdom, he sent to Pope Eleu- 
 therus to receive Christianity. The sainted 
 Pope, knowing the devotion of the King, sent 
 to him two Doctors, Paganinus and Duinarinus, 
 to convert the king to Christ, and to wash 
 him in the salutary ablution. This ceremony 
 subsequently took place at Galesia. Twenty- 
 eight bishoprics were founded and inaugurated 
 there, under three archbishops ; the first was 
 
PART I. CHAPTER V. 
 
 23 
 
 own mother Agrippina; (also) the sister of 
 his father, his wife, and Livia the wife of 
 Ootavianus, and Seneca once his tutor ; nay, 
 he even ordered the holy Apostles Peter and 
 Paul to he executed. On the day of their 
 martyrdom, he heard that Lirinus had been 
 created Emperor in Spain, on which he lost 
 his senses. Being afterwards deposed for 
 his malversation of the government, he was 
 declared by the Senate an outlaw, and, flying 
 to the country seat of his Freedman at the 
 fourth mile-stone, he killed himself, in the 
 thirty-second year of his age ; and with him 
 the family of Augustus Cesar ended. 
 
 In the year of grace cxcv., Severus, 
 Senator, afterwards Emperor, on the death 
 of King Lucius without posterity at Claudio- 
 castre, came into Britain with two legions, 
 because there was a great revolt amongst the 
 Britons, and the Roman authority was much 
 weakened. He subsequently built the wall 
 betwixt Deira and Albania at the public 
 expense ; and encountering Fulgencius, the 
 King of the Picts, in battle, was slain, and 
 buried, leaving two sons, Bassianus and Geta. 
 
 In the year of grace ecu., Bassianus, 
 King of the Britons, having assumed the 
 name of Antoninus, gained the empire, which 
 he enjoyed about seven years. He was called 
 Marcus Aurelius, and Caracalla, from some 
 kind of a garment he had sent for from Eome. 
 He was a thoroughly bad man, in manners 
 more coarse than his father, and such an 
 ungovernable libertine, that he took to wife 
 his stepmother. Concerning the place of his 
 burial authors disagree. 
 
 After the death of Severus, he left two 
 sons, Bassianus from a British, and Geta 
 from a Roman mother ; the Britons elected 
 Bassianus, the eldest, from the British 
 
 at Londoina, to which Loegria was subjected ; 
 the second at York, to which Deira with 
 Albania was subjected ; the third in Cam- 
 bria, where is the city of Legions : that such 
 a city was once situate on the River Severn, 
 its walls and edifices still testify. The same 
 Lucius ordained that a culprit, convicted of 
 whatsoever crime, who might take refuge at 
 Galesia, or in its cemetery, should be there 
 free of all men. After the death of Lucius, 
 his kingdom, from want of heirs, remained 
 four years in abeyance, to the arrival of Seve- 
 rus, after whose death his son Bassianus suc- 
 ceeded him for seven years. 
 
 The Roman Senate, hearing that Carencius 
 had usurped the rule in Britain, sent Allectus, 
 with three legions, into Britain, to kill the 
 tyrant Carencius. After his death, Allectus 
 reigned for the space of three years, and then 
 the Roman authority was reinstated here. 
 Allectus, however, having illtreated these 
 Britons lately, the adherents of Carencius, 
 Asclepiodorus, Duke of Cornwall, was elected 
 to the government ; and in his third year he 
 slew Allectus near London ; but Gallus, the 
 ally of Allectus, after an obstinate siege in 
 London, where the Venodoci rose against 
 him, was slain near the torrent below London, 
 which from his name was called Gallbrock 
 (Wallbrook), and Asclepiodorus ruled in Bri- 
 tain for some years, to the time of Dioclesian. 
 Then Celus, Duke of Colchester, killed Ascle- 
 piodorus : the same person whom Giraldus 
 and GeofFry call a Duke of Cornwall, but 
 holy Bede, in Book I., cap. vi., following 
 Eutropius, in his history of the Romans, says 
 was Praetorian Praefect. 
 
 In the year of grace CCLXV., Philipp, with 
 Philipp his son, ruled seven years. He was 
 the first of all the Roman emperors baptised 
 
 PiKT I. 
 
 Chnpter V. 
 
24 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Paet 1. 
 Chapter V. 
 
 mother ; but the Eomans elected Geta, who 
 was from both parents of their nation. The 
 two encountered each other, when Geta was 
 slain, and Bassianus gained the victory. Eu- 
 tropius, indeed, in his Eoman History, feels 
 convinced that this same Geta was slain at 
 the city of Edessa, whilst he was on an expe- 
 dition against the Parthians. Geoffry, in his 
 History of the Britons, says Geta was mur- 
 dered by Carencius the Tyrant. Under the 
 reign of Bassianus, Carencius, a man sprung 
 from the lowest orders of the Britons, but, 
 ready both in mind and in action, obtained 
 from the Senate that he should superintend 
 the coasts, then infested by the Franks and 
 Saxons. In this command he acted more in 
 the interest of the province than of the com- 
 monwealth, for he expelled the Eomans from 
 the island, killed Bassianus, and enjoyed the 
 government for the space of seven years : 
 for the Picts, whom Fulgencius, the uncle of 
 Bassianus, had collected from Cithea (Scythia) 
 and elsewhere, were, by the bribes of Caren- 
 cius, (instead of assisting Bassianus, cor- 
 rupted, so that they deserted him, and in 
 the very battle fell upon his men}) 
 
 by the beatified martyr Poncius : he became 
 so stedfast in the Catholic faith, that, having 
 confessed his sins promptly, he communicated 
 in the presence of the congregation at the 
 Easter festival. 
 
 His son Philipp, a Christian at fifteen 
 years, was of so austere a mind that by no 
 means could he be brought to laugh, and 
 when once his father laughed loudly, he 
 averted his face from him. He was always 
 striving against vice, and struggled to so tread 
 in the difiicult (path of) virtue. In the fifth 
 year of these Emperors, the millennary year 
 of the building of the city was completed. 
 
 ■ An inspection of the RoU wiU shew that this sentence is imperfect ; and its sense has had to be supplied from 
 a similar relation in Geoffry of Monmouth's Chronicle. The reason of this hiatus seems to have been, that, at the 
 bottom of each parchment, a line was omitted, to be inserted after they had been joined together, at the same time 
 that the initials were illuminated. Both have been left undone. 
 
PAET I. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 In the year of grace cclxxviij., during 
 the reign of Celus over the Britons, the Eo- 
 mans sent the Senator Constans to subdue 
 him, and to enforce the tribute which he had 
 withheld. Celus died a month after his arri- 
 val, when Constans gained the throne, and 
 took to wife Helen, the daughter of the above 
 Celus, of whom he begat Constantine the 
 Great, afterwards Emperor, in whom centered 
 the power of the whole world. She was that 
 sainted Helena who discovered the holy cross, 
 and the nails by which Christ was fastened. 
 
 In the year of grace cccxiij., Saint Sil- 
 vester, who sat in Saint Peter's chair after 
 Miltiades about twenty-four years, cured 
 Constantine the Great of an obstinate leprosy 
 by baptism, and liberated Eome from the 
 power of a dragon. He brought the defunct 
 Taurus to life by his prayers, and celebrated, 
 with about cccxviu. Bishops, the first great 
 Nicene Council. He ordained that Thurs- 
 days and the sixth Sabbath should be kept 
 holy, because (Christ) on that day instituted 
 the holy sacrifice of his body, on which also 
 he ascended to heaven, and his holy baptism 
 was also received on that day. 
 
 In the year of grace ccclxxxvi., Maxi- 
 mus, an upright and energetic man, dared to 
 
 In the year of grace cccv., Constantine ^^^^ ^ 
 the Great, the son of Constancius, gained the chaptTr vi 
 kingdom of Britain, and endeavoured to rule 
 in tranquillity and honour. In the second 
 year of his reign, he was raised from king 
 to emperor, and ruled thirty years and ten 
 months, two years conjointly with Galerius, 
 and twenty-eight alone. He expelled Ma- 
 gaelius, through whom Saint Catherine had 
 suffered, and restored all the proscribed Sena- 
 tors : lastly, he governed the universal mo- 
 narchy in peace. 
 
 In the year of grace CCCXV., he founded 
 the famous city called after him at Byzantium, 
 in Thrace, which he made the seat of the 
 Roman rule, and the capital of the East, 
 Rome, the head of the world, he left to the 
 holy Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul. He 
 also removed the more noble of the Roman 
 inhabitants, and almost the entire Senate, to 
 his second Rome, or Constantinople, which 
 he had built ; and died in the year of grace 
 cccxxxvi., at Nicomedia. In this same year 
 Saint Jerome was born. 
 
 In the year of grace cccxiiiJ., the seventh 
 of Constantine, as Britain had no king, a cer- 
 tain Duke of the Gewissi, by name Oceannius, 
 seized the throne. Upon news of this, Con- 
 stantine sent Traheru to recover the island 
 under the power of the Romans. When 
 
26 
 
 PEOFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Part I. i^jgak his military oath, and was made Em- 
 chspter . ^^^^^ ^^ ^ seditioii of the soldiery. He went 
 into Gaul forthwith, and infected Gaul and 
 Germany with grievous conflicts ; alarming 
 the Emperor Gratian by a sudden movement, 
 he killed him at Lyons, and drove his brother 
 Valentinian from Italy. He, flying straight- 
 ways to Theodosius, in the Orient, was kindly 
 received. For Maximus, being shortly after 
 shut up by the strategy of Theodosius in 
 Aquileja, was there put to death. 
 
 In the year of grace ccclxxx., the British 
 King Octavianus, now advanced in years, in- 
 vited, by the advice of his elders, from Eome, 
 the Senator Maximus, the son of Joel, the 
 uncle of Saint Helena, to receive the govern- 
 ment of Britain, and his only daughter. On 
 this accoimt Conan, the King's nephew, who 
 aspired to the crown, was engaged in frequent 
 conflicts with the aforesaid Maximus. Both 
 parties being at length appeased, they took 
 their conjoint forces out of the country, and 
 seized Armorica, where Maximus put Conan 
 in as king, whilst he followed the Emperor 
 Gracian and Valentinian, but so that he even 
 lost the third part of the empire to which he 
 had aspired. 
 
 In the year of grace ccccxx., when the 
 death of the tyrant Maximus became known, 
 the Counts Bailiff's of Gracian, but not then 
 of Valentinian, Guanius and Melga, returned 
 from Ireland, with their Scots and Picts and 
 Northumbrians, who distressed the kingdom 
 of Britain with fire and sword from sea to sea. 
 For this reason the Britons send to the Ko- 
 mans, promising a lasting submission, and 
 asking for aid, Hondrius (Honorius?) sent 
 them without delay a legion, which dispersed 
 
 Traheru arrived, he took the city of Kaer- 
 peris, now called Porchester, in three days. 
 Octavius, hearing this, threw himself before 
 Traheru, and put him to flight, after a battle ; 
 but Traheru, having drawn reinforcements to 
 himself from Westland, conquered Octavius, 
 and put him to flight, recovering his diadem 
 and kingdom. 
 
 In the year of grace cccxci., after Tra- 
 heru's death, and the Komans were expelled, 
 Octavius gained the kingdom, and ruled there 
 many years in peace. Conanus, king of 
 Armorica, or Little Britain, averse to Gaulic 
 marriages, demanded from Demnotus, King 
 of Cornwall, wives to be married to his 
 people, and he (Demnotus) forthwith fixed 
 on his very beautiful daughter Ursula, with 
 eleven thousand virgins ; but some of them, 
 from severe storms, were drowned, some were 
 driven among barbarous nations, but some 
 were murdered by the wicked Dukes Guanio 
 and Melga, because they refused to submit 
 to their lusts, and were buried at Koln. For 
 Guanius was king of the Huns, and Melga 
 King of the Picts ; both of whom Gratian 
 and Valentinian had sent to the maritime 
 coasts of Germany, to exterminate the fa- 
 vourers of the tyrant Maximus. These wicked 
 princes, Guanius and Melga, observing after- 
 wards that Britain was, by the retreat of 
 Maximus, denuded of all armed force, and 
 having associated with them the adjoining 
 islands, in the first place seized Albania. 
 Upon the news of this, Maximus the Tyrant 
 sent two legions, with Gratian and Munceps, 
 who drove the aforesaid Huns into Ireland ; 
 but when Gratian heard this, he had Maximus 
 murdered, and himself made King of Britain, 
 though, when he aspired to divine honours, 
 on the expulsion of the tyrant, he was mur- 
 dered by his own followers. In his place. 
 
PAKT I. CHAPTER VI. 
 
 27 
 
 the barbarians, and taught them how to build 
 a wall betwixt the two seas for restraining 
 their, enemies ; but when the legion was with- 
 drawn, being ignorant of such great art, the 
 wall was built not of stone but of turf (good 
 for little), from the place Silesis, but now 
 Penultonum, to the West, where stands the 
 city Acluid, so that where a water defence 
 was wanting, there the inhabitants might 
 defend their boundaries by the cover of a 
 wall : but their enemies, coming by sea, laid 
 all the land waste, trod every thing under 
 foot that opposed them, and carried on their 
 forays as before. A second message was sent 
 to Eome, and an armed legion sent into Bri- 
 tain, which, after routing and dispersing the 
 enemy, constructed a strong wall of stone, 
 eight feet in breadth and twelve in height, 
 (extending) from sea to sea, where Severus 
 had formerly made his Vallum ; and they 
 counselled the Britons that, leaving off their 
 sluggishness, they should study warfare, for 
 that the Eomans, so busily occupied in other 
 quarters, could not again renew their expe- 
 ditions. And they built a stone wall, partly 
 at public, partly at private expense, with some 
 British assistance, and left patterns with them 
 of arms. But on the wall, at those openings 
 where the incursions of the barbarians might 
 be expected, they placed towers as a farewell 
 gift, not being likely to return. On their 
 departure, the Scots and Picts, when they 
 heard of the withdrawal of the Eomau legions, 
 foraged the British borders with their accus- 
 tomed insolence ; they murdered the guardians 
 of the wall, slew the inhabitants of the dis- 
 tricts, so that their young men, driven by fear 
 of murder or famine from their homes, added 
 rapine to ruin, till at length the whole country 
 was denuded of every kind of nourishment or 
 food. 
 
 Constantius, sprung from the ranks, but chosen 
 solely on account of the prestige of his name, 
 and without any desert of virtue, was elected. 
 He forthwith passed into Gaul, where he was 
 of great detriment to the state: on that ac- 
 count. Count Constancius being sent into 
 Gaul by order of Honorius, Augustus slew 
 Constantine at Aries, with his son Con- 
 stancius, whom Count Geronicus, from a 
 monk, had raised to the dignity of Cesar. 
 
 In the year of grace CCCCLXVIIJ., on the 
 increasing weakness of the Britons, they sent 
 a third letter to Aecius, an illustrious and 
 patrician person, to this effect : — " To Aecius, 
 thrice Consul, the groans of the Britons. The 
 barbarians drive us into the sea ; the sea 
 sends us back on the barbarians : from this 
 we have a double choice of deaths, either to 
 be slaughtered or drowned." Their petition 
 was, however, in vain, for Aecius was detained 
 in Gaul by wars, which pressed on him severely. 
 In the mean time, the famine above mentioned 
 having reduced the Britons, they were obliged 
 to submit to their spoilers. But some of them, 
 when, in the mountains and woods, human 
 assistance failed, trusted to the Lord, and 
 made as much resistance as they could against 
 the Picts : but the enemy came repeatedly 
 again, and penetrated the extremest part of 
 the island, and took up their abodes over 
 against Deira, where they disquieted the 
 Britons by alternate murders and plunder. 
 
 In the year of grace ccccxxxiiu., the 
 Eomans having relinquished Britain, and the 
 tribute fallen into disuse, the Britains sent 
 Gurthelm, Bishop of London, to Aldroan, 
 who now reigned, fourth from Conan, in Ar- 
 morica, or Lesser Britain. He, when he 
 heard of the British calamities, passed over 
 thither, taking with him Constantine, their 
 king's brother, and a large number of armed 
 
 Pabt I. 
 :iiapter VI. 
 
28 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Part I. rpj^^ Britons, oppressed by the crowd of 
 
 chapur V . g^jjQjjg^ advised the King to dismiss them, 
 which he refused, and they deposed him, and 
 placed his son Vortimer in his place as king. 
 During the seven years of this understanding, 
 he fought against the Angli in many light 
 skirmishes, but also in five set battles with his 
 entire army. The first of which was on the 
 Eiver Derwent; the second at Badum, at 
 Ereford, where Orsus and Chankertig inflicted 
 mutual (mortal) wounds. At the end of 
 these battles Vortimer died by poison from 
 his mother-in-law, called Eowen, the daughter 
 of Hengist ; and after his death Vortigerinus 
 was reinstated in his government. Hengist 
 too, previously banished, was recalled, under 
 the hope of an accommodation : with this 
 hope the Britons met from all quarters, and 
 also the Angli, on the kalends of May, near 
 Amesbury, to treat for a mutual peace. There 
 Hengist had recourse to fresh treachery, for 
 he bade his followers, when he exclaimed in 
 English " nemed your sexes" that they 
 shoidd each forthwith draw the knives hidden 
 in their boots, and kill the nearest Briton ; 
 and so it was done. But Eldol, the Duke 
 of Claudiocestre, killed seventy Saxons Avhilst 
 defending his life, and then fled. The Saxons 
 were unwiUing to kill Vortigerinus, but took 
 certain nobles as his ransom. He then retired 
 to the western parts of Wales, to the city of 
 Genarvon, on the Eiver Gwanea, where 
 Aurelius Ambrosius subsequently burnt him, 
 together with his tower. 
 
 In the year of grace CCCCLIX., when Vor- 
 tigern reigned in Britain, there was an abun- 
 dance of the fruits of the earth, as never was 
 in any future age. But with it luxury, and 
 the pest of every iniquity, also began to 
 
 followers, and elected him king at Cirencester. 
 This Constantine had three brothers, namely, 
 Constans, whom he made a monk in the church 
 of St. Amphibolus, at Winton ; the other two^ 
 Aurelius and Uter, he delivered to Bishop 
 Gurithelm, to be educated. When Constan- 
 tine had reigned some years, he was murdered 
 by the treachery of a Pict whom he had taken 
 into his service, and Vortigerius, a certain 
 Consul of the Gewipi, aspiring to the govern- 
 ment, caused Constancius to be brought from 
 Winton, because he was of an imbecile and 
 slothful disposition, and declared king. Vor- 
 tigerius constituted a hundred Picts, whom he 
 had drawn from Albania, as body guards of 
 the king, who were liberally paid and enter- 
 tained by Vortigerius. When they observed 
 that he aspired to the government, they mur- 
 dered Constancius, and brought his head to 
 Vortigerius. But he, to shew himself clear 
 of the deed, pretended great grief, and had 
 all the hundred beheaded before the nobles of 
 the province. 
 
 In the year of grace CCCCLXVI., Aurelius 
 Ambrosius began his reign. In the first year 
 of his arrival from beyond the sea, he burnt 
 Vortigerius, with his tower. He afterwards 
 ordered Hengist to be beheaded at Conynges- 
 brogh. But his son Osk, besieged in York, 
 he admitted to a treaty. Subsequently he 
 vanquished the above mentioned son of Vor- 
 tigern, and his ally GUlomarus, his king of 
 Hibernia ; and at length, when sick at Win- 
 ton, was poisoned by a monk in the disguise 
 of a physician, whom Pascencius had suborned; 
 and thus died Ambrosius. 
 
 About this time two Saxon Dukes, Cerdic 
 and Kenric, arrived in five vessels at Cerdics- 
 shore, which is now called Cerdicsmouth, and 
 compelled the Britons to fly before them. 
 
PART I. CHAPTER VI. 29 
 
 increase. Cruelty and animosities flourished In the year ccccxciu., Saint Leonard 
 
 not only amongst the seculars, but in the was born, whom King Clodoveus lifted from 
 very fold of the Lord, amongst its shepherds, the sacred fount, 
 to such an extent, that all Britain conspired 
 against a man of good repute as against a 
 
 leveller ; and they submitted to the yoke of drunkenness, hatred, lltigiousness, and envy. 
 Suddenly, however, so great a mortality came over mankind, from such corruption, that men 
 scarcely could be found to bury the dead : but since by this judgment the survivors were 
 not reformed, one much more severe followed. For a plan was devised by Vortigern and 
 his counsellors, to call over from parts beyond the sea certain tribes of the pagan Saxons, 
 which seems to have been agreed to by the will of heaven, to bring a punishment against 
 the wicked. Vortigern feared the Picts, whom he had so lately injured ; and, on the 
 other hand, (dreaded) the arrival of Aurelius, to transport whom he heard that ships were 
 ready. For these reasons he determined to invite the Saxons, (knowing) their bravery in 
 war. Some came over from the three most powerful tribes of Germany, viz., the Saxons, 
 the Angli, and the Jutes. From the Jutes the people around Kent are descended, and 
 the nations situate opposite the Isle of Wight ; from the Saxons come the middle country 
 people and the western ; from the Angli come the East Angli, the midland tribes, or 
 Mercians, and the Northumbrians. These nations, brought over in three long cyauls, 
 dispersed the enemies of the Britons as far as Stamford, a place distant about forty miles 
 to the south of Lincoln, because the Picts and Scots fought with javelins and lances, and 
 the Saxons with long swords. When Vortigern had gained the upper hand, he gave lands 
 in Lindsay to Hengist, as much as he could inclose in a whip (or thong) ; on which Hengist 
 cut out the entire hide of an ox into thongs, and surrounded the site, which is now called 
 Thung-castre. When, however, accounts of the fertility of Britain and the feebleness of 
 its inhabitants were reported at home, a larger fleet was sent to augment the previous 
 numbers. These engaged for the war with the understanding that they were fighting for 
 their homes, and that the Britons should furnish them with pay to provide food. The 
 Saxons, in their second descent, with sixteen vessels, brought with them the Virgin Eowena, 
 and now marriageable daughter of Hengist;' 
 
 ' This ends the sixth skin, but does not conclude the sentence, which continues: — "A beauteous vision, whom 
 Vortigern had no sooner beheld than he desired her to serve him in the office of a cupbearer." 
 
 Paet I. 
 Chapter VI. 
 

 PART I. 
 
 CHAPTER VII. 
 
 pakt I. a beauteous vision, whom Vortigern had no sooner beheld than he desired her to serve him 
 Chap. vri. in the office of a cupbearer; and, immediately inflamed with the desire of her (person), he 
 offered her marriage, and on her refusing his embraces, he proffered the whole of Kent as 
 a marriage gift. He gave also permission to Hengist to send for his son. After the 
 celebration of these nuptials, the king repudiated his legitimate wife, by whom he had 
 three noble youths, namely, Vortimer, Chatigern, and Pastencius. After that the Saxons 
 entered into a treaty with the Picts, whom they had so recently repulsed, and turned their 
 arms against their British allies. But first they demanded increased subsidies, which being 
 refused, they laid waste the country, and murdered both princes and people. 
 
 In the year of grace diij., after the death of Aurelius Ambrosius, his brother Uter 
 succeeded, who, according to the Historia Britonum, if indeed we dare believe it, filched 
 from Ireland, by the aid of Merlin, the Chorea Gigantum, which is now called Stoneshenge, 
 in the Plain of Sarum. He also kiUed Pastencius, the son of Vortigern, and Gillomarus, 
 King of Hibernia. He murdered Osca, the son of Hengist, and his relative Osa, and he 
 put to death Gerwn, Duke of Cornwall, whose wife Ingram he married, and on whom he 
 begot the famous Arthur, and Anna his sister. But being at length stupified by poison, 
 he died, and was buried near Aurelius Ambrosius, in the Chorea Gigantum. About the 
 same time, after the death of Ella, the first king of the South Saxons, Cissa, his son, 
 followed, who built the city Cicester, so called after his name. 
 
 In the year of grace dxxviij., in the tenth year of Cerdic, King of the West Saxons, 
 Arthur rose up amongst the Britons, about the eighteenth amongst the Belligi (Belgse ?), 
 
 a. b. 
 
 THE KINGDOM OP KENT BEGINS. THE KINGDOM OF THE EAST 
 
 Hengist, Kino of Kent. SAXONS. 
 
 In the year of grace CCCCLVI., Hengist, Ebktnwynnus, first King. 
 
 King of Kent, began to reign, in the eighth In the year of grace dxxvij., of Arthur 
 
 year of the arrival of the Angli in Britain, the thirteenth, Erkynwynnus began his reign, 
 
 and he reigned xxiiij. years. These being and reigned lx. years, 
 ended, he was killed at Coningsbrock, by 
 Aurelius, King of the Britons. 
 
PART I. CHAPTER VII. 31 
 
 who was victor in twelve battles against the Saxons. In the Dunensian Chronicle, we read 
 that Cerdic had frequent conflicts with Arthur, fighting so, that if in one month he was 
 beaten, in the next he stood up more manfully for the contest. At length Arthur, tired 
 out by the lengthened struggle, gave Cerdic, on his swearing fealty, some other districts, 
 where he might enjoy himself, which Cerdic called West Saxony. After transferring to 
 them these provinces, he went among the new Saxons, and was crowned with pagan 
 ceremonial at Winton. Modred, however, was crowned amongst the Britons, at London ; 
 but he transferred the Island of Wight to Whitger, the grandson of Cerdic. According 
 to the Historia Britonum, Arthur, in a conflict with Modred, killed him, and was himself 
 slain in the Valley of Avallon, near Glastonbury : his body, with that of Guenemare, his 
 wife, was afterwards found, in the year of our Lord one thousand and eighty, in the third 
 year of Henry II., and transferred to the church, according to Giraldus, who handled 
 these bones of King Arthur, then alive and about eighteen, at his first setting out in 
 life. Arthur, when about to die, transferred the diadem of his kingdom to Constan- 
 tine, a relative, who was the son of Cadore, the Duke of Cornwall. 
 
 In the year of grace dxlij., Constantino began his reign, and reigned iiu. years. 
 The sons of Modred rose in league against him, with the Saxons, to revenge their father: 
 he had frequent contests with them ; murdered one before the altar of St. Amphibolus' 
 Church at Winton, another by torture in some monastery. 
 
 In the year of grace dxlv., Aurelius Conanus began his reign over the Britons ; a 
 youth of great probity, the grandson of Constantino, and in every respect worthy the crown, 
 if he had not been too much inclined for civil broils ; for he took the crown from his 
 uncle, whose right it was, after killing two of his sons, and reigned xxx. years. In his 
 fourth year the kingdom of Northumberland was founded, whose first king was Ida, who 
 built the Castle of Bambroth (Bamborough). 
 
 In the year of grace dlxxviij., Vortigerius began to reign over the Britons, and 
 reigned three years. He triumphed frequently, and with great renown, over the Saxons, 
 who were troublesome. 
 
 In the year of grace dlxxxi., Malgo began to reign over the Britons: in person 
 remarkably handsome, and of a strong and active mind, but tainted with the sin of 
 sodomy. He reigned a few years ; in the fifth of which the kingdom of the Mercians 
 was founded, whose first king was Creodda. 
 
 e. d. 
 
 THE KINGDOM OF THE SOUTH THE KINGDOM OF THE WEST 
 
 SAXONS. SAXONS. 
 
 Elle, first King. Cerdic, first King. 
 
 In the year of grace ccccLXXViij., in the In the year of grace ccccxc, Cerdic 
 
 time of Aurelius Ambrosius, Elle came into and his son Kynric came into Britain, in five 
 Britain, with his three allies, Saneu, Plent- ships, which landed at Cerdicshore, where 
 
 Part 1. 
 Chap. VII. 
 
32 
 
 PROPANE HISTORY. 
 
 KINGDOM OF KENT. 
 PiBT I. OscA, Kino, son of Henoist. 
 
 Chap. VII. In the year of grace cccclxxij., on the 
 
 death of Hengist, his son Osca followed, and 
 reigned xxiu. years. Content with his pater- 
 nal boundaries, he preferred defending to ex- 
 tending them, and never exceeded their limits. 
 He was killed by Uter Pendragon, with Osa 
 his relative. 
 
 OccA, Kino, son of Osca. 
 
 In the year of grace dvi., Occa began 
 his reign, and reigned xxij. years. 
 
 Ekmanbic, son of Osca. 
 
 In the year of grace dxxviij., Ermaneric 
 began to reign, and reigned xxxi. years. 
 
 Ethelbekt, first Christian King. 
 
 In the year of grace dlx., Ethelbert, 
 son of Ermanric, began to reign, and he 
 governed the Kentish people as great grand- 
 son of Hengist. According to Bede, for 
 eight years his neighbours scoffed him, and 
 after two defeats he was scarcely able to 
 maintain his frontiers. But, hi a riper age, 
 he bore down all before him, except the 
 kingdom of Northumberland. He then took 
 in marriage Bertha, a Frank by birth, on 
 the exhortation of Bishop Leotard, who came 
 over with her to soften his rude manners. 
 At length, on the exhortation of St. Augus- 
 tine, he renounced his paternal heathenism, 
 and issued laws in the vernacular tongue, in 
 which he fixed rewards for the good, punish- 
 ments for the bad. He died xxi. years after 
 his conversion. 
 
 Eadwaldus, Kino, his son. 
 
 In the year of grace dcxvi., he began 
 his reign, and reigned xxv. years. In the 
 first years of his reign he apostatised, mis- 
 using his stepmother, and therefore inflicted 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE EAST SAXONS. 
 Sledda, King, his son. 
 
 In the year of grace dlxxxij., Sledda 
 began his reign, and ruled ten years. 
 
 SioEBEBT, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace dlxxxv., Sigebert 
 began his reign, and reigned xix. years. He 
 was the first Christian king in East Saxony, 
 and when in death about to seek a celestial 
 crown, he left his sons their temporal king- 
 dom ; but they immediately reverted into 
 idolatry, and gave permission to their sub- 
 jects to worship their idols. 
 
 In the year of grace dcxxi., when Sige- 
 bert was dead, his three sons and heirs suc- 
 ceeded, as is before mentioned. They relapsed 
 into idolatry, because, having asked from their 
 bishop Mellitus a white garment, as he had 
 given their father, he refused, unless they 
 were baptised. They then banished him ; 
 but soon, when they had reigned seven years, 
 these treacherous kings were slain by the 
 king of the Gewissi : a just punishment from 
 heaven. 
 
 SiGEDEKT THE LiTTLE. 
 
 In the year of grace dcxxiij., Sigebert 
 
 the Little began his reign, after the death of 
 
 his father and uncle, because they had driven 
 
 away Mellitus, the bishop : he reigned xxvi. 
 
 years. 
 
 SwYTHELiN, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace dcxli., Swythelinus, 
 the son of Segrelus, began his reign, and 
 reigned xxvi. years. His predecessor, Sige- 
 bertus, on the demise of Oswy, King of North- 
 umbria, was baptised, with his brother, by the 
 blessed St. Finian, bishop. After his return 
 from Oswy, he applied for instructors to be 
 sent him, to convert his people to the faith, 
 and pointed out Saint Ceadda and another 
 
PART I. CHAPTEE VII. 
 
 33 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE SOUTH SAXONS. 
 
 gerius, and Cissa, and reigned about xxxi. 
 years. He was followed by his son Cessa. 
 
 Cissa, Kino, son of Eli.e. 
 
 In tbe year of grace dxiij., after EUe's 
 death, whom all the Saxons looked upon as 
 their king, Cissa, his son, reigned. After him 
 Cicestre, which he founded, received its name. 
 He reigned almost lxxvi. years. After his 
 death the kingdom fell to CeaUn, King of the 
 West Saxons, and to his successors, for about 
 xcvij. years, during which period Ethelwold, 
 of the tribes of East Anglia, whom the last 
 King of the Britons, (joined) with Sedwallo, 
 King of the Saxons, killed. 
 
 After this the South Saxons cease. 
 
 KINGDOM or THE WEST SAXONS. 
 
 now is Cerdicsmouth, and in the time of 
 Aurelius Ambrosius. With the aid of his 
 nephews. Stuff" and Whyte, to whom the 
 Isle of Wight was given, he had many con- 
 flicts with Arthur. This same Cerdic ruled 
 over the Saxons xxvi. years. 
 
 Ktnrio, Kino, his son. 
 
 In the year of grace dxxxiiij., on the 
 death of Cerdic, first king of the West Saxons, 
 Kenrick his son followed, who reigned xxvi. 
 years. 
 
 Cealin, Kino, his son. 
 
 In the year of grace dlx., Cealin began 
 his reign, and he reigned xxxiu. years. He 
 dislodged the Britons from the towns of Glou- 
 cestre, Cirencestre, and Bathon, as far as 
 Salt Wosa of Wales. 
 
 Ceolric, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace dcxiij., on the death 
 of Cealin, and of his brother Cutha, Ceolric 
 his son followed, who ruled over the West 
 and South Saxons five years. 
 
 Ceolwolphus, King. 
 
 In the year of grace dxcvii., Ceolwolphus began his reign over the West and South 
 Saxons, and reigned xiii. years. 
 
 Ktngelin. Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace dcx., Kyngelin began his reign, and reigned with and after his 
 son, in the whole xxxu. years. In his tenth year, his son began his. During their joint 
 rule, they performed many bold deeds against the Saxons, and against Penda, the King of 
 the Mercians, who wished to drive them out of their kingdom. When, however, Kyngelin 
 had been baptised by holy Brynmus, at Cirencestre, his brother Erchthelin made an excuse 
 to avoid taking the sacrament; but when, afterwards, admonished by a bodily disease, he 
 became participator, then he died. Here may be remarked the discrepancies of authors. 
 William (of Malmsbury) says Onithelmus was the brother of Kyngillus, but Bede says he was 
 his son, 
 
 Kynewalchus, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace dcxliij., after Kyngillus' death, Kynewalchus his son began to 
 
 6 
 
 Part I. 
 Chap. VII. 
 
34 
 
 PEOFANE HISTORY. 
 
 PiUT 1. 
 
 Ohap. Vll. 
 
 KINGDOM OF KENT. 
 
 with insanity : but after he had put away 
 his stepmother, he returned to the Christian 
 faith. 
 
 Ebcombert, Kino, son of Eadwaldub. 
 
 In the year of grace dclx., Ercombert, 
 the younger, seizing the government illegally 
 from the elder, began to reign, and reigned 
 xxxiilJ. years. He, still a youth, was the 
 first of the Anglian kings who destroyed the 
 idols throughout his entire kingdom ; and he 
 instituted the forty days' fast. He also mar- 
 ried Saint Sexburga, afterwards the spouse of 
 Kynwalchus, King of the West Saxons. 
 
 Egbert, son of Ercombert. 
 
 In the year of grace dclxiiij., Egbertus, 
 son of Ercombert and Saint Sexburga, began 
 his reign, and reigned ix. years. 
 
 KraGDOM OF THE EAST SAXONS. 
 
 priest ; but not long afterwards he was slain 
 by his relatives, because he was accustomed 
 to pray with his enemies. Still Swythelin 
 was baptised by the above bishop in the royal 
 vill called Eedlesham. Ethewold, King of 
 that country, raised him from the fount, in 
 the first year of this king. 
 
 Kings Sibba and Licherius, sons of Sigebert. 
 
 In the reign of Sibba and Licherius, Saint 
 Erkonwald was consecrated Archbishop of 
 Canterbury, at London. 
 
 Offa, Monk and King. 
 
PAET I. CHAPTEE VII. 
 
 36 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE SOUTU SAXONS. KINGDOM OF THE WEST SAXONS. 
 
 reign, and reigned xxxi. years. He married Saint Sexburga, daughter of Anna, king; of 
 the East Angli. He overthrew the Britons in two decisive battles, and in revenge against 
 the persecutors of his father, he deprived Wolfer, son of Penda, of a great part of his 
 dominions, but was afterwards completely beaten by this same Wolfer, and, expelled from 
 the Isle of Wight, was presented by Ethelwold, King of the East Angli, with the Isle 
 Achedon, because he had become a Christian. 
 
 Cb»p. VII. 
 
 Ethelwold, Kino of tbe East Angli. 
 
 In the year of grace dclv., Wolferus, 
 King of the Mercians, completely beat the 
 King of the West Saxons, took from him 
 the Isle of Wight, part of that kingdom 
 which the King of the East Angli had given 
 to Ethelwold, to become Christian. He sub- 
 dued that King of East Angli for cruelty to 
 his subjects. But being soon repulsed by the 
 two Dukes Britunus and Anthunus, he left 
 this kingdom to the two dukes, which both, 
 ruhng for a long time in succession, took 
 possession of. 
 
 Britunus and Anthunus. 
 
 St. Sexburoa. 
 
 In the year of grace dclxvij.. Saint 
 Sexburga, after her (first) husband's death, 
 reigned one year ; but her nobles, disdaining 
 to fight under a woman, expelled her. Anna 
 was married to Ercombert, King of Kent ; 
 and later, Abbess of Ely, after her sister 
 Ethelfrida. 
 
 AsKWYNNUs, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace dclxxiij., Askwyn- 
 nus began to reign, and reigned four years. 
 He waged war against Wolfer, King of the 
 Mercians. 
 
 Kenslwynus, King. 
 
 In the year of grace dclxxvij., Kenslwy- 
 nus began to reign, and he reigned nine years. 
 
PART 1. 
 
 CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 Part I. 
 Chap. VIII. 
 
 KINGDOM OF KENT. 
 LOTHAIRE, HIS SoN. 
 
 In the year of grace dclxxxij., the 
 brother of Egbert began to reign, and reigned 
 eleven years. 
 
 Eadric, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace dclxxxvi., after 
 Lothaire had been mortally wounded in battle 
 against the South Saxons, and against Cead- 
 walla the Countess, Ealdricus, his victor, 
 ruled in bis place for a year and a half; and 
 after his death the kingdom of Kent was a 
 long time vacant for want of kings, until 
 Withred, the legitimate son of Ecgbert, was 
 elected to succeed to the government. 
 
 Withred, son of Ecgbert. 
 SiNHARD, HIS Son. 
 
 In the year of grace Dcxcu., Withred, 
 and Sinhard his brother, began to reign, and 
 reigned XXIIJ. years. Withred begat three 
 sons, Eddilbert, Edbert, and Outhred, called 
 also Arritus, who reigned after him in suc- 
 cession. 
 
 Eddildebt, the oldest. 
 
 In the year of grace Dccxxil., Eddilbert 
 began to reign, and reigned xvii. years. 
 
 Edbert, King. 
 
 In the year of grace (d)ccxxxix., Edbert 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE EAST SAXONS. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCV., OfTa, a youth, 
 began to reign after Cibba and Sicherus. 
 He married Kyneswitha, the sister of Wolfer, 
 King of the Mercians, who so converted 
 her husband, that, after the marriage, she 
 could repudiate his embraces. He went to 
 Eome with Kenred, King of the Mercians, 
 and Saint Egwyn, Bishop of Uicii, and be- 
 came a monk : the spouse of a virgin. Kyne- 
 swytha, and her sister Kynddreda, were dedi- 
 cated to God through their blessed virginity, 
 and were afterwards buried at Meddehamstede, 
 which is now the Burg of St. Peter (Peter- 
 borough), where Ethel wold subsequently built 
 a monastery. 
 
 Selred and Sibeht. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCX., this Selred 
 began to reign over the Oriental Saxons after 
 Offa, and reigned XXVIIJ. years ; and Swyth- 
 red followed him. 
 
 Swtthred, King. 
 
 In the year of grace dccxlviu, (sic), after 
 the death of Selred, Swythred followed. In 
 the year of grace DCCOXXVIU., Egbert, King 
 of the West Saxons, fought against this same 
 Swythred, and afterwards expelled him, and 
 the kingdom of the East Saxons fell off, and 
 
PART I. CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 37 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE SOUTH SAXONS. 
 
 After this Adhumo, the kingdom of the 
 South Saxons was transferred to the West 
 Saxons. 
 
 THE KINGDOM OF THE BEITONS. 
 
 Cabiticus, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace DLXXXVI., Cariticus, 
 an enemy to God and man, a lover of intestine 
 discord, reigned for a short time over the 
 Britons. The Saxons, observing the little 
 reliance to he placed upon him, sent for the 
 African King Gerundus from Ireland, which 
 he had lately conquered. With their conjoint 
 forces they drove Cariticus from city to city, 
 till at length they besieged him in the city of 
 Cirencester, and afterwards drove him with 
 his British troops into Wales, beyond the 
 ffistuary of the Severn. They laid waste 
 Loengria with fire and sword, and thence- 
 forward the Britons lost their supreme rule. 
 
 Cadwan, Duke of Venedocia. 
 
 On the death of Caritic, the Britons 
 elected Cadwan for their king, that he might 
 follow Ethefrid, King of Northumbria, who 
 disquieted them. When this was told Ethel- 
 fi-id, he drew all the Saxon kings, and went 
 out to meet Cadwan. But whilst both armies 
 stood opposed to each other, their friends 
 interfered and made peace betwixt them; and 
 afterwards, so great a friendship grew up 
 betwixt both, that they had aU things in 
 common. 
 
 Cadwallo. 
 
 This Cadwallo, having been conquered by 
 Saint Edwin, went to Armorica, where he 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE WEST SAXONS. 
 
 To him succeeded Cadwalledrus for the space 
 of two years. King of the Britons. To him 
 Yne the Great. 
 
 Here this kingdom ends. 
 
 THE KINGDOM OF THE MEECIANS. 
 
 In the year of grace DLXXXVI., the king- 
 dom of the Mercians was founded, in the last 
 year of Malgo. Creodda was the first who 
 held it, and he reigned ten years. 
 
 WiBBA, SON OF Creodda. 
 
 In the year of grace DXCVI., after the 
 death of Creodda, in whose time all the king- 
 doms of the Angli, or Saxons, had begun, 
 Wibba his son followed for three years, and 
 then ceased to reign for some years, in which 
 it is thought Cherlus reigned for xx. years. 
 
 * Cheblcs. Penda. 
 
 In the year of grace Dcxxvi., Penda the 
 Pagan, son of Wibba, (called) also Ginarus, 
 began to reign, and reigned xxx. years. He 
 killed two sainted kings, Edwin and Oswald, 
 and three kings of the East Angli, viz., Sige- 
 bert, Egric, and Anna. He begat five sons 
 and two holy virgins, St. Kyneburga and St. 
 Kyneswitha. He was killed by Oswy, King 
 of Northumbria ; and to him succeeded his 
 son Weda, over the South Mercians, who 
 previously governed Cambria. 
 
 WoLFEEUs, A Christian. 
 
 In the year of grace DCLV., Wolferus 
 began to reign, and reigned with his brother 
 at first, but after xvil. years he reigned alone. 
 
 PiBI I. 
 CllKp. VIII. 
 
38 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Pakt I. 
 Cl.np. VIII. 
 
 KINGDOM OF KENT. 
 
 began his realm. Him Kenulph, King of the 
 Mercians, laying waste Kent for the martyr- 
 dom of St. Kenelm, made prisoner and led 
 away, and constituted his brother Cuthred 
 (King) in his place. 
 
 CUTHBED, SECOND SoN OF ArKITUS (sIO.) 
 
 In the year of grace DCCCIIJ., Cuthred 
 began to reign, and reigned three years. 
 
 Baldredus, the last rightful King. 
 In the year of grace DCCCVII., Baldred 
 began to reign, and reigned xx. years. Him 
 Egbert, King of the West Saxons, expelled, 
 and deprived of his kingdom. 
 
 Ethelstan, the Dane. 
 
 By this Ethelstan the kingdom of Caucia 
 was transferred to the kingdom of Egbert, in 
 the year of grace Dcccxvii. 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE EAST SAXONS. 
 
 its rule ceased. After this Swythred, the 
 kingdom of the East Saxons was transferred 
 to that of the West Saxons, and in the time 
 of Egbert, King of the West Saxons, under 
 his sole rule. 
 
 THE KINGDOM OF THE NOETHUM- 
 BEIANS AND DEIEIANS. 
 
 Ida, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace DCXLvr., and the 
 ninety-seventh from the arrival of the Angli, 
 the kingdom of Northumbria was founded by 
 Ida, the twelftli descendant from Woden. 
 From him all the Northumbrian lineage took 
 its rise. He reigned Xll. years, and had by 
 his queen six sons succeeding him, and six by 
 a concubine. He built the Castle of Bam- 
 broth. After his death his realm was divided. 
 
 THE KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI. 
 
 Offa, King. 
 
 In the year of grace dlxx., the kingdom 
 of the East Angli was founded, under OfFa, 
 after whom we call all the kings of the Ori- 
 ental (? Saxons), and of the East Angli, Ufif- 
 ings, whom now we name Ficanos, or Fykeys. 
 
 TlICLUS, OR ToTILA. 
 
 In the year of grace dlxxvij., TItulus 
 began to reign, and reigned xx. years. 
 
 Redewald, King. 
 
 In the year of grace dxcix., this Eede- 
 wald began to reign, and reigned xxv. years. 
 He protected St. Edwin when an exile, and 
 restored its king to Northumberland, after 
 killing Ethelfred. 
 
 THE KINGDOM OF THE DEIEII. 
 
 These are the Sons of Ida, King : Adda, Clappa, 
 Thbodulph, Frithelwold, Theodohic, and Ethel- 
 
 FBID. 
 
 In the year of grace dlix., EUe, the son 
 of Iffe, began to reign, and reigned XXX. 
 years. To his name Pope Gregory the Great 
 is supposed to have made allusion, when he 
 saw some Angli youth at Eome, saying it 
 would be better to sing Allias (AUelujas) there. 
 The grace of faith did not, however, reach 
 Elle, but to his son. King Edwin. He reigned 
 in Deira, with Adda in Berinicia, five years ; 
 Clappa, five years; Theodulph, seven years; 
 Ethelfrid, five years. After Elle's death, and 
 the expulsion of his son Trinius, Ethelfrid ruled 
 over both kingdoms xxvilJ. years. 
 
PAET I. CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 39 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE BRITONS. 
 
 obtained ten thousand soldiers from King 
 Solomon. He subdued and captured Penda, 
 King of the Mercians, who, seeing no hope of 
 aid, submitted to him, and, joining Cadwallo, 
 they both threw themselves upon Saint Edwyn, 
 and in a battle Saint Edwyn, with his confede- 
 rate king, was slain. Having gained this 
 victory, Cadwallo laid waste all the provinces 
 of the Angli, and subdued their kings. At 
 length, having completed XLVIIJ. years, he 
 died. His body, embalmed by aromatics, was 
 placed in a brazen image, which image was 
 fixed over the eastern gate of London, in 
 scorn, and as a spectacle to the Britons. 
 
 Cadwalladhus, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace dclxxx., Cadwalla- 
 drus, King of the Britons^ after the death of 
 Kentwyn, King of the West Saxons, seized it, 
 and reigned two years. He conquered Ethel- 
 wold, King of the West Saxons, and subdued 
 the Isle of Wight, Concerning this King 
 Cadwalladrus, a discrepancy is found amongst 
 the British historians. In the Chronicle of 
 the Angli, it is said he was the son of Ken- 
 bert, of the family of Ceolin : the Britons, on 
 the contrary, report him the son of Cadwallo, 
 King of the Britons, and of a daughter of 
 Penda, King of the Mercians. And here we 
 also note that the history of the Eoman Longo- 
 bardi, and Bede also, call him Ceadwallam, 
 erroneously, from their ignorance of the 
 British language, 
 
 Cedwalla, King. 
 
 In the year of grace DCLXXXix., this 
 Ceadwallus, subdued at first by Edwyn, went 
 to Armorica to obtain ten thousand soldiers 
 from King Solomon, to aid him. He con- 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE MERCIANS. 
 
 He begat Saint Werburga, and founded the 
 monastery of Burg. 
 
 Etheldred, Monk. * 
 
 In the year of grace dclxxij., Ethelred 
 began to reign. In the thirtieth year of his 
 reign he took the habit of a monk at Burdeney. 
 
 Kenbed, King and Monk. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCIJ., Kenred began 
 to reign. In his fifth year, having resigned 
 the kingdom to Cotred, the son of his uncle, 
 he went to Eome with Offa, King of the East 
 Saxons, and Saint Egwyn, Bishop of the Nicii, 
 where he took the monastic habit. 
 
 Ceolred, King. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCVIIJ., Ceolred 
 began to reign, and reigned XI. years. He 
 was buried at Lichfeld, and was the first to 
 raise the body of Saint Werburga from the 
 grave, where it had lain uncorruptedly eleven 
 years, 
 
 Ethei.woi.d, King. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCXix., Ethelwold, 
 grandson of Penda, began to reign. In the 
 eighteenth year of his rule he conquered the 
 Wallenses and the Northumbrians ; in his 
 thirty-sixth was subdued by Cuthred, King of 
 the West Saxons ; and in his last, or fortieth 
 year, was slain by his own subjects in Secun- 
 dem. 
 
 BicoNRED, King. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCiv,, Biconred 
 the Tyrant, after he had slain Athelwold, 
 ruled three years. He was slain by OflFa the 
 Great, the nephew of Ethelwold, who reigned 
 over the Mercians xxxiv. years. 
 
 Pakt I. 
 (.hap. VIII. 
 
40 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Paet I. 
 Chap. VIII. 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI. 
 Cahpewald, King. 
 
 In the year of grace dcxxiiij., Carpen- 
 wald began to reign, and reigned xii. years, 
 concluding a good beginning by a praise- 
 worthy end. 
 
 SiGEBEKT, KlXG AND MoNK. 
 
 In the year of grace Dcxxxvi., Sigebert 
 began to reign. During the lifetime of his 
 brother, and whilst an exile in Gaul, he was 
 filled with the sacramental faith. He ordained 
 in his realm schools for literary (pursuits), 
 according to what he had seen in Gaul, and 
 teachers for children, after the customs of 
 Canterbury, At length, turning over the 
 government to his nephew Egric, he received 
 the tonsure in the monastery which he had 
 founded. 
 
 Egrio, King. 
 
 In the year of grace DCLIIJ., Egric began 
 to reign, and was slain in the same year ; for 
 Penda, the pagan king, invading his realm, 
 Sigebert the monk was brought from his 
 monastery to inspirit the soldiers, and so 
 was slain with Egric, carrying in his hand, 
 and the simplicity of his heart, only a wand. 
 Nearly their whole army was slain. 
 
 Anna, King. 
 
 In the year of grace dclij., Anna began 
 to reign, and reigned two years. (He was) 
 a man of the best and wisest mind, the father 
 of the holy virgins Sexburga and Ethelfrida. 
 He was slain by King Penda. 
 
 Ethelbekt, King. 
 
 In the year of grace DCLIIU., Ethelbert, 
 the son of Anna, began to reign a year. He 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE DEIRII. 
 
 Ethei.fbid, King. 
 
 In the year of grace dlxxxvi., Ethelfrid 
 began his reign, and reigned over Berinicia 
 five years, and over both kingdoms xxxviu. 
 He married Acca, the daughter, of whom he 
 had seven sons : Guifred, Saint Oswald, Oslac, 
 Oswyth, Offa, and Saint Ebba, Abbess. He 
 slew, near the city of Legions, cc. monks 
 from Bangor ; but was slain in battle by Eed- 
 walld. King of the East Angli, and by Edwin, 
 the son of Ella, whom he had expelled, his 
 brother-in-law. 
 
 Saint Edwyn. 
 
 In the year of grace DCXVIIJ., Edwin 
 began to reign in Northumberland. To him, 
 when an exile with Kedwald, King of the East 
 Angli, from Onan of Driburga, daughter of 
 Creodda, King of the Mercians, two sons 
 were born, Offred and Galfrid ; whose son 
 Hereric had, by Bergeswytha, Saint Hilda, 
 Abbess of Stronsheal, and Hereswitha, Ab- 
 bess, some time Queen of the East Angli ; 
 and fi"om Ethelburga, the daughter of the 
 King of Kent, two sons were born him, Ethelin 
 and Uskrea, and two daughters, Ganfled and 
 Saint Ethelreda. 
 
PAET I. CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 41 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE BRITONS. 
 
 quered Penda, King of the Mercians, who, 
 seeing no hope of aid, submitted to him, and, 
 joinmg Cadwallo, they both threw themselves 
 upon Saint Edwyn, and in a battle Saint Ed- 
 win, with his confederate king, was slain. 
 Having gained this victory, Cadwallo laid 
 waste all the provinces of the Angli, and sub- 
 dued their kings. At length, having com- 
 pleted XLVIIJ. years, he died. His body, 
 embalmed by aromatics, was placed in a brazen 
 image, which image was fixed over the eastern 
 gate of London, in scorn, and as a spectacle 
 to the Britons.^ 
 
 Cedwalla, King and Monk. 
 
 In the year of grace this Cedwalla 
 
 headed his people manfully three years. Ee- 
 linquishing the government, he went to Eome, 
 where he was confirmed by the unction of the 
 sacred Chrisma, and called Peter. After 
 putting on the sacred vestments, he was seized 
 by illness, and died on the twelfth of the 
 kalends of May, not much beyond thirty years 
 old. He is buried in the church of St. Peter, 
 and deservedly celebrated in the following 
 epitaph ; — 
 
 Culmen, opes, sobolem, potentia regna, triumphos, 
 Exuvias, proceres, menia, castra, lares 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE MERCUNS. 
 Offa the Great. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCLVIIJ., OfFa the 
 Great began his reign, and reigned XXXI. 
 years. He overcame in battle the Northum- 
 brians, the West Saxons, the men of Kent, so 
 completely, that he removed the metropolitan 
 seat of Kent to Lichfeld, in the province of the 
 Mercians. He translated the bones of Saint 
 Alban to the great monastery which he had 
 built ; and he gave to our Lord the Pope a 
 yearly payment from every hearth in his domi- 
 nions. He also made the famous dyke, still 
 existing, by which the kingdom of Mercia is 
 divided from Wales, and called to this day 
 OfFa's Dyke. This OfFa caused his son Egfi'id 
 to be crowned, in the year of grace Dccxxxix., 
 who reigned conjointly with his father eight 
 years, and survived him only CXii. days. 
 
 THE LINE OF THE KINGS OF 
 BEEENICIA. 
 
 EOFRID. 
 
 In the year of grace dclxx., Egfi-id began 
 to reign, and reigned xv. years. He married 
 Saint Ethelrida, the rehct of Tombti, the 
 Count of the South Girmorum (? Germanorum), 
 
 Part I. 
 Chap. VIII. 
 
 ' The whole of this paragraph on Oeadwalla seems an unnecessary repetition of what appears a little higher up, 
 and may have been intended for erasure, as, unlike any other part of the Roll, it is underlined in red. 
 
42 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Pakt 1. *• 
 
 Chap. VIH. KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI. 
 
 married Hereswyde, the sister of Saint Hilda, 
 afterwards Abbess of Gale, in Gallia. He 
 was killed by Oswy, King of the Mercians. 
 
 Ethf.lwaldbs, King. 
 
 In the year of grace dclx., this king, 
 
PAET I. CHAPTER VIII. 
 
 43 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE BRITONS. 
 
 Queque patnun virtus et que conceperat ipse 
 Cedwalla armipotens liquet amore Dei. ' 
 
 Yne the GnEAT, Monk. 
 
 In the year of grace DCLXXXix., Yne, of 
 the royal Hne, the son of Kenred, the son of 
 Ceodwall, son of Cuthe, son of Cealine, began 
 to reign in West Saxony, and reigned xxxvr. 
 years. 
 
 KINGS or THE BERENICIANS. 
 
 whom, for the twelve years they lived toge- 
 ther, he could induce, neither by entreaty nor 
 presents, to submit to the conjugal embrace. 
 
 Part I. 
 Chap. Vlll. 
 
 ' These four metrical lines are not written on the Roll in separate verses. The following attempt at rendering 
 both metres into English hexameters, since, as far as I know, pentameters have never been naturalised in our language, 
 will give at least their sense ; — 
 
 His throne and wealth, children, realms blooming, and triumphs. 
 Trophies and nobles ; bulwarks, towers, with their protectors. 
 And all that ancestral arms and his own had amassed, 
 Ceadwall the Gieat, induced by God's love, left behind him. 
 
J'ART I. 
 
 CHAPTER IX. 
 
 Pabt I. 
 Chapter IX. 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI. 
 
 Ethelwold, began to reign, and reigned 
 XXV. years, and a short time in Southsex, 
 and who was killed by Cedwallo, King of the 
 Britons and West Saxons. 
 
 Ealdulph, King. 
 
 In the year of grace DOLXXX., Ealdulph, 
 son of Ethelhert and Hereswythe, began to 
 reign, and reigned ten years. He was fol- 
 lowed, for only part of a year, by his brother 
 Alfwold, and after him Ethred, the father of 
 Saint Albert. 
 
 Alsfwold, Benna, Ethelred. 
 
 In the year of grace DCXC, Ethelred 
 reigned two years, and had of Leofrina his 
 queen. Saint Albert, martyr. 
 
 Saint Albebt, Mabtyb. 
 
 In the year of grace Dccxc, he began 
 his reign ; and going the same year to Offa, 
 King of the Mercians, to ask his daughter in 
 marriage, was innocently slain by the wife of 
 OSa. His kingdom was governed during 
 LXIJ. years by Offa and his successors, to the 
 time of Saint Edward. 
 
 Egfeid, Son of Offa. 
 KENnLPH, Fatheb of Saint Kenelm. 
 
 In the year of grace DCXCVllJ., Kenulph 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE DEIEII. 
 
 This Saint Edwyn, baptised by Saint 
 Paulinus, ruled over all the kings both of 
 the Angli and Wallenses. He was slain by 
 Penda, King of the Mercians, and Cedwallo, 
 King of the Britons. His head was buried 
 in the church of St. Peter, at York, which 
 he had founded, and his body at Whitby. 
 
 Osiuo, King of the Deieii, a Pagan, and Eanfeid, 
 King of the Berinicians. 
 
 In the year of grace DCXXXIIJ., after the 
 death of Edwyn, Osric, son of his uncle Elfrid, 
 followed him, and Eanfrid, the son of Ethel- 
 frid, got the kingdom of the Berinicians : 
 both soon reverted to the worship of idols, 
 but were slain the same year by Cedwallo, 
 King of the Britons, as a just judgment from 
 heaven. To them succeeded Saint Oswald, 
 the brother of Eanfrid. 
 
 Saint Oswald. 
 
 In the year of grace Dccxxxv., Saint 
 Oswald began his reign, and reigned IX. years. 
 He slew Cedwallo, King of the Britons, at 
 Denesliburne, where he erected a cross, but 
 was himself slain by Penda, King of the 
 Mercians. His head and arm, cut from his 
 body, remain still uncorrupted. 
 (Kex necat huic Penda, petit ille pulcherima regna.) 
 By Penda slain, he seeks yon brighter realms. 
 
PART I. CHAPTER IX. 
 
 45 
 
 KINGDOM OP THE BRITOXS. 
 
 He built the monastery of Glastonburg, 
 and went to Eome on the persuasion of his 
 wife, where he became a monk. His wife 
 became Abbess of Berkyng. He was the 
 first who ordered a penny to be paid to Saint 
 Peter from every house. 
 
 Ethelred, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCXXVU., he began 
 to reign, and reigned XIIIJ, years. He fought 
 against Oswald, a youth of the blood royal, 
 who endeavoured to contest the crown with 
 him. 
 
 CUTHBED, HIS BROTHER. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCXXXIV., he began 
 to reign, and reigned xv. years. In the same 
 year Ceolph, King of the Northumbrians, now 
 a monk, passed to heaven. 
 
 SlOUER. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCLVI., Sigher, for 
 the first part of his reign, was expelled for 
 tyranny, by Kenwalch, of the royal line, 
 through Kenulph, second from Cerdic, and 
 nephew of Penda. Wandering in a wood, 
 he was slain by a swineherd, on account of 
 the murder of a Duke of Cumbria. 
 
 Kenulph. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCLVI., Kenulph 
 began to reign, and reigned xxvi. years. 
 By the aid of the West Saxons he expelled 
 Sigher, his predecessor, and also contested 
 Bensigton with Offa ; but OfFa was the 
 stronger, and kept possession. 
 
 Brithrio. 
 In the year of grace DCCLXXXIIIJ., Brith- 
 ric began his reign, and reigned xv. years. 
 
 KINGS OF THE BERENICIANS. 
 
 By permission of her husband, she became 
 a holy nun, under Ebba, Abbess of Coludi 
 (Coldingham), and was subsequently Abbess 
 of Ely. This Egfrid was slain by the Picts. 
 
 Alfred, Brother of Egfrid. 
 
 In the year of grace DCLXXXV., Alfred 
 began to reign, and reigned XVIII. years. 
 He caused St. Wolfer to determine Easter, 
 in a synod, held at Whitby, in the presence 
 of King Oswy and the virgin Saint Hilda. 
 
 Osred. 
 In the year of grace DCCV., when Alfred 
 had died at Driffield, his son Osred, a boy 
 of seven years, succeeded. He reigned xi. 
 years, and was slain. 
 
 Kenbed. 
 Kenred, the son of Guthwyn, great grand- 
 son of King Ibe, succeeded, for two years ; 
 to him Osred, for XI. years. 
 
 Ceolwulph, the Monk. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCXXIX., Ceolwulph, 
 the cousin of Kenred, began to reign, and 
 was made a monk in the eleventh year of his 
 reign. To this Ceolwulph holy Bede addressed 
 the " Historia Britonum." 
 
 Egbert succeeded, xi. years. 
 
 To him Onulpii, one year. 
 
 To him Ethelw^old, seven years. 
 
 To him GuLDRED, eight years. 
 
 To him Alfibold, ten years. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCLXXXix., the 
 Danes first arrived, in which year Osred 
 began to reign, and reigned l. year. 
 
 To him Etheleed, six years. 
 
 To him Alfred, twenty years. 
 
 Pabt I. 
 chapter IX. 
 
46 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 PiBT I. 
 
 Chapter IX. 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI. 
 
 « 
 
 reigned xxillJ. years. He begat from Al- 
 fretha, Quendrida, Burgenilda, and Saint Ke- 
 uelm, martyr. 
 
 Saint Kenelm, Kino. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCCXXI., Saint 
 Kenelna began to reign, and was murdered 
 by his sister Quendrida ; to whose care, to 
 be brought up, his father had entrusted him, 
 at the age of seven. His hidden martyrdom 
 was revealed at Eome. 
 
 Ceowulph. 
 
 In the year of grace Dcccxxi., Ceowulph 
 began to reign, and was expelled in the second 
 year of his reign. 
 
 Berndlph. 
 
 In the year of grace Dcccxxnj., Ber- 
 nulph began to reign, and reigned lU. years. 
 
 LuDEOAN. 
 
 In the year of grace Dcccxxvi., Ludecan 
 began his reign, and reigned two years, and 
 was slain by Egbert, King of the West 
 Saxons. 
 
 Wygluph. 
 
 In the year of grace dcccxxviij., Wyg- 
 luph began his reign, and, after ruling not 
 quite a year, was expelled by Egbert, but 
 reinstated in his second year, for (an ordained) 
 tribute. 
 
 BEnrnLPH. 
 In the year of grace DCCCXXXI., this 
 Bertulph began his reign, and he reigned xxi. 
 years. 
 
 BCTHRED. 
 
 In the year of grace dcccli., he began 
 to reign, and reigned XXU. years. He went 
 to Eome, when driven away by the Danes, 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE DEIRII. 
 
 Here the kingdom of tJie Deirii was 
 transferred to Oswy, King of the Beri- 
 nicians. 
 
 In the year of grace DCXLIJ., after the 
 death of Saint Oswald, his brother Oswy 
 followed. He ruled with spirit and prudence 
 XXVIIJ. years ; for in the first seven years of 
 his reign he had as colleague of his rule over 
 the Deirii, Oswyn, the son of Osrith, a man 
 both rehgious and moral. Him he caused to 
 be slain in the house of Count Hunebald, into 
 which he had fled. He had afterwards his 
 nephew Odiswald associated with him in the 
 kingdom of the Deirii, Subsequently he 
 ruled sole over both kingdoms. He governed 
 the North Mercians, and the rest of the 
 southern provinces. Of Ganfrida, the daugh- 
 ter of King Edwin, he had two sons, Egfrid 
 and Alfred, and three daughters, viz.,Ostritha, 
 married to Ethelred, King of the Mercians; 
 Aelfleda, married to Penda, King of the South 
 Mercians; and Saint Elfleda, after Saint Hilda, 
 Abbess of Whitby, whom he dedicated to 
 heaven after the murder of Penda, King of 
 the Mercians. 
 
 In the year of grace Dcccxxxvi., Ethel- 
 wulph or Adulph began to reign, and reigned 
 XX. years. He was for some time a deacon, 
 having been ordained by Glenstan, Bishop of 
 Win ton. But on the assent of the Pope he 
 was received as King, and had previously, by 
 his wife Osberga, daughter of his cupbearer, 
 four noble youths, who reigned after him in 
 succession. Taking with him Alfred, the 
 youngest, he went to Eome, and during his 
 years abode there. He repaired the Saxon 
 
PART I. CHAPTER IX. 
 
 47 
 
 KINGDOM OP THE BRITONS. 
 
 He, by the aid of Offa, King of the Mercians, 
 whose daughter he had married, soon drove 
 Egbert, his successor, into exile. His wife, 
 Eadburga, was accustomed to destroy the 
 friends of her husband by poison ; but, offer- 
 ing a potion to one of them, she destroyed 
 the king with him, and fled to France with 
 her treasures. 
 
 Egbert. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCC, Egbert, son 
 of Alcraund, a sub-king and son of Offa, of 
 
 KINGS OF THE BERENICIANS. 
 
 To him EARDULPHjten years, but expelled. 
 
 To him Alwold, two years. 
 
 To him Eandred, under tribute to the 
 Danes, thirty-two years. 
 
 To him Ethelred, but expelled. 
 
 To him Kendulph, four years. 
 
 To him OsBERT, eighteen ; expelled. 
 
 To him Elle, an usurper, not of the royal 
 line, who was substituted for him. Both, sub- 
 sequently confederated, A. D. dccclxvi., were 
 slain, with the flower of their nation, by the 
 Danes, in the city of York. 
 
 Paet I. 
 Chapter IX. 
 
 the race of King Yne, began to reign, and ""^"f ' '" '^' '"^ ^* ^'''^- ^^^^^ ^^^' ''^^'- 
 reigned XXXVII. years. When, early in life, T '^"^ ''' ^^' ^'"^'^'™ '^ Northum- 
 
 he was driven into exile by King Brithric, he ^"^ *° *' *™' ""^ ^^^"° ^^^'''■''^' ''^""'^ 
 went into Gaul, and on his return instructed 
 his vassals, not only the free but the bond- 
 men, in the art mihtary, which he had there 
 studied, and so rendered them brave and 
 skilful ; and he made his soldiers exercise 
 their arms in times of peace. When Ber- 
 nulph. King of the Mercians, directed his 
 measures, he quietly prepared his army, and 
 peremptorily demanded fealty to be made to 
 him. The contest was therefore with an army 
 and appointments unequally matched, for the 
 King of the Mercians might come with a 
 thousand soldiers against a hundred of those of 
 Having gained this battle, Egbert 
 
 sub-kings were named as follows: — Egbert, 
 by birth an Angle, six years, under the 
 yoke of the Danes. To him succeeded Eic- 
 CUS, for three years, but expelled. To him 
 Egbert, Anglicus, for five years ; elected on 
 the revelation of Saint Cuthbert. To him 
 SiTHRic, a Dane, and apostate, who, on 
 account of his repudiation of Editha, the sister 
 of Ethelstan, was slain by this same Ethel- 
 stan, and his kingdom taken possession of by 
 him. 
 
 After Brithric, the kingdom of North- 
 umberland was transferred to King Ethel- 
 stan. 
 
 Egbert. 
 
 added to his kingdom the realms of the Mercians, of the Kentish men, and Northumbrians, 
 
 and took Leicester from the Britons, up to this time in their possession ; and now, when, with 
 
 the consent of all his nobles, he had been crowned sole monarch of Britain, he ordained that 
 
 from that day henceforward all the Saxons and Jutes should be called English, and Britain 
 
 England. 
 
48 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY, 
 
 Pabt 1. 
 Cliitpter IX. 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE DEIRII. 
 
 schools which OfFa, King of the Mercians had 
 founded. He sent yearly three hundred marks 
 to Eome : one hundred for the lights of St. 
 Peter ; one hundred for those of St. Paul ; 
 and one hundred for our Lord the Pope ; and 
 moreover freed the churches of his realm from 
 all royal dues, and gave the tenth of his pos- 
 sessions to heaven. On his way home from 
 Eome, he married Judith, the daughter of 
 Charles the Bald, for which reason his elder 
 sons, with many nohles of his realm, rose 
 against him, so that he could scarcely appease 
 the tumult by the transfer of a large portion 
 of his dominions. He caused the aforenamed 
 Alfred to be crowned by Pope Leo, as future 
 King of England. He was buried at Winton. 
 To him succeeded his eldest son Ethelbald, for 
 three years ; of whom it is observable, that 
 after his father's death, he married, contrary 
 to the Catholic faith, his stepmother Judith. 
 After five years' reign, two with his father 
 and three alone, he died, and was buried at 
 Schirboriun (Sherborne). 
 In the year of grace dccclx., Ethelbert succeeded his brother Ethelbald in the kingdom 
 of the West Saxons for five years. In his time a large force of the Daci (Danes), after 
 ravaging Winton, were overtaken by the King's Duke, before they could regain their ships, 
 and exterminated. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCCLXV., Ethelred, the third brother, followed his two elder in 
 the kingdom for five years. In his time the Danes killed Osbert and EUe, two kings of 
 the Northumbrians, at York. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCCLXV., after being crowned by Pope Leo at Eome, Alured 
 came to the crown A.D. (dccc)lxxi., and was crowned a second time at Winton. He had 
 by his wife Edswytha three sons, Edward the elder, Edward the younger, and Ethelward ; 
 and three daughters, Elfleda, wife of Ethelred, Duke of the Mercians, Saint Ethelgora, 
 a nun, and Elfrida. This Alured was a noted founder of monasteries, and divided his 
 revenues into six parts ; the first part to the poor, the second to foundations, the third to 
 schools, the fourth to lights (luminaribus), the fifth to the military, the sixth to his operatives 
 and artificers. He officiated at mass and the other divine offices, and at the prayers. 
 
 KINGDOM OF THE EAST ANGLI. 
 
 who transferred the kingdom of the Mercians 
 to a certain Ceolwulph, under the agreement 
 to resign it to them whenever they wished, 
 and with this condition he swore them fealty. 
 
 The kingdom of the Mercians is trans- 
 ferred to the kings of the West Saxons. 
 
 Saint Edmund. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCCLXI., Saint Ed- 
 mund began to reign ; but in his fourth year 
 he was made prisoner by Hubba and Hinguar, 
 the Danes, and, tied to a tree, was covered 
 with arrows and beheaded. His head, hid- 
 den amongst brambles, made itself known to 
 the persons searching for it, by calling out 
 in his native tongue, " Here, here, here." 
 With it was found a wolf, holding the head 
 in its paws, which quietly followed the assem- 
 bled crowd. But the king, still illustrious in 
 his miracles, was buried at Burg. — Gitro, a 
 Dane and pagan, after baptism by King Alfred 
 Athelstan, (followed.) 
 
PART I. CHAPTER IX. 49 
 
 In the year of grace dccclxxvi., Kollo, a Dane, first entered Normandy. Charles 
 the Simple, or Fat, was there often in conflict with this Eollo, and at length, after a 
 discussion with his Council, came to the following agreement with him : that after being 
 baptised, he should receive the whole of Normandy and Armorica from the French 
 king, whom he was to recognise for his superior lord. Having done so, the byestanders 
 persuaded him to kiss the king's foot for this boon, but he, disdaining to be brought to 
 his knees, drew, still standing, the king's foot to his mouth, so that he (the king) fell 
 backwards. At this the Normans laughed, the Francs grew pale ; Eollo excused his 
 imprudence, by pretending native usage. He was baptised by Franco, Archbishop of 
 Rouen, by the name of Eothbert, and died soon afterwards at Eouen, after a disposition 
 of his affliirs, leaving behind him a son, William, and a daughter, Gerloc. 
 
 Part 1. 
 Chapter IX. 
 
PART I. 
 
 CHAPTER X. 
 
 TAJfC I. 
 
 Chapter X. 
 
 On the recommendation of Neoth, the Abbot, whom he frequently visited, he instituted at 
 Oxford pubHc schools of various (literary) arts, where the Monk and Abbot Saint Grimbald 
 gave the first instruction. He gave freedom to Saint Cuthbert, and reigned completely as 
 king for xxxi. years, but (had to contend) with many difficulties. We was buried at 
 Winton, in the new monastery which he had built. 
 
 Nobilitas innata tibi probitatis honorem 
 Armipotens Alurede dedit, probitasque laborem; 
 Perpetuumque labor nomen, oui mixta dolori 
 Gaudia semper erat, spes semper mixta timori : 
 Si modo victus erat ad crastina bella parebat, 
 Si modo victor erat ad crastina bella pavebat. 
 Jam post transactas regni viteque labores 
 Christus ei sit vera quies, sceptrumque perbenne. 
 
 In the year of grace dccccxxiiij., the 
 coronation of Athelstan,at Kingston, in Surrey, 
 near London, who reigned xvi. years. He 
 was an excellent and noble king ; he was the 
 builder of the convents Middleton and Muche- 
 hnay ; he granted large possessions and gifts 
 to the church of St. Paul, at London, and to 
 other churches and religious buildings. He 
 overthrew in battle Hoel, King of the Britons, 
 and Constantine, King of the Scots. This 
 same Constantine having afterwards rebelled, 
 he compelled him to cede his kingdom, but 
 afterwards permitted him to resume it, saying 
 it was more glorious to make a king than to be 
 one. When Constantine rebelled a second time, 
 Athelstan overcame him through the prayers 
 of Saint John of Beverley, and laid waste all 
 
 In the year of grace DCCCCi., Edward, by 
 surname the elder, reigned xxiiu. years after 
 his father. Liferior to liis parent in the 
 encouragement of learning, he surpassed him 
 in secular glory. For he built new cities, 
 and repaired those dilapidated ; he founded 
 monasteries, and fixed many parochial churches 
 and episcopal ones in the eastern (parts). He 
 extended the boundaries of his kingdom more 
 than his father, and also subdued the kings of 
 the Scots, the Cumbrians, and the Wallani 
 under him. He wrenched Eastsex, North- 
 umbria, and Mercia from the hands of the 
 Danes. After the death of his sister Ethel- 
 fleda, he gained the whole of Mercia. By 
 Edwina, his concubine, he had Athelstan, his 
 first-born ; by his Queen Edgiva he had 
 Ethelward, Edwyn, and six daughters, as is 
 above more fully displayed. He was buried 
 at Winton, in the new monastery. 
 
 In the year of grace Dccccxii., on the 
 death of Rollo, the first Duke of Normandy, 
 he was succeeded by his son William Longa 
 Sputa, who had been converted to Christianity 
 
PABT I. CHAPTER X. 
 
 51 
 
 Scotland as far as Dunfermline. Wherefore 
 Eugenius, King of Cambria, and this same 
 King of the Scots, meeting in a place called 
 Dakir, submitted themselves and their people 
 to the said Athelstan ; in grace of which cove- 
 nant, Athelstan directed Constantine's son to 
 be baptised, and himself raised him from the 
 holy font, and privileged the lands of Saint 
 John, who, when dead, was buried at Malmes- 
 bury. 
 
 In the year of grace Dccccxxi., the King 
 of the Scots, with his force, and the Danish 
 King, (together) with all the inhabitants of 
 Northumbria, and the King of the Walli, 
 with his force, chose King Edward for their 
 superior and lord, and made with him a bind- 
 ing covenant. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCCCXLVi., the 
 coronation of Edred, the very pious brother 
 of King Edmund, who, when he had reigned 
 XI. years, was buried at Winton, in the old 
 monastery. When he died, angels sang in 
 the hearing of Saint Dunstan, " King Edred 
 now rests in peace." This Edred, after con- 
 quering the Northumbrians, turned his ensigns 
 towards Scotland, now rebellious ; but the 
 Scots were struck with such terror, that they 
 submitted without a contest, and swore the 
 accustomed fealty to their (superior) lord, 
 before the king whom he had set over them. 
 
 In the year of grace dcccclv., the coro- 
 nation of Edwyn, the eldest son of Edred. 
 He was buried in the fourth year of his reign, 
 at Winton. Having hastened to conjugal 
 pleasures the day after his consecration, and 
 being thereupon upbraided by holy Dunstan, 
 he outlawed him. During his reign the Scots 
 made no rebeUion ; but the Northumbrians 
 and Mercians deposed him, in consequence of 
 his wicked life. The soul of this Edwyn, 
 
 by the Emperor Henry, son of Otho, Duke of ^*!! '■ 
 Saxony. Lodowyc, King of the Franks, had '^''°''"'' ^• 
 him treacherously killed, in the twenty-fifth 
 year of his dukedom. The nobles, incensed 
 thereat, took this king prisoner at Eouen, and 
 detained him till he had sworn and promised 
 to restore Normandy to Eichard the son, and 
 thri in all future conferences of the King and 
 Duke, Eichard should be girded with his 
 sword, but that the King should wear neither 
 knife nor sword. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCCCLX., the coro- 
 nation of King Edward, the brother of Athel- 
 stan, who was slain in the sixth year of his 
 reign, at a certain meeting, by one Leof, in 
 the presence of all his nobles, and was buried 
 at Glastonbury. He was truly pious and pru- 
 dent ; he freed Lincoln, Nottingham, Ley- 
 cestre, and Stafford from the power of the 
 Danes, and he restored rebellious Mercia and 
 Northumbria to his rule. But as the Scots 
 during his reign made no rebellion, he gave 
 Cumbria, which had revolted, to Malcolm, 
 King of Scotland, with this condition, that he 
 should afford him aid everywhere. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCCCXLiiJ., on the 
 death of William Longa Sputa, his son Eichard 
 followed, who whilst a youth was called " old," 
 and ^'fearless," because he never was afraid. 
 By his wife Ewyna, (sprung) from Danish 
 nobility, he had five sons and three daughters, 
 of whom the eldest, Emma by name, was the 
 Norman " Gem ;" her he man'ied to Ethel- 
 red, King of England. This Eichard was 
 accustomed to pay his devotions in every 
 church which he passed, and at all events, 
 when he could not find an entrance or the 
 door, to ejaculate a prayer. Whence, one 
 night having entered a church alone, he 
 found a corpse in a vault without an attendant. 
 
52 
 
 PEOFANE HISTORY. 
 
 PiBT I. ijeing subsequently released by St. Dunstan, 
 
 Chapter X. i p i j > •, 
 
 was transierred to a seven years penitence 
 (in the place) for souls. 
 
 In the year of grace DCCCCLIX., Eadgar 
 the Peaceful reigned xvi. years after his 
 brother, in whose time an angelic voice 
 sounded, " Peace to the Enghsh Church, of 
 the boy now born, and of Saint Dunstan." 
 He built XL. monasteries, and restored others 
 dilapidated ; expelling thence the seculars, he 
 introduced (monks) regulars. Moreover, for 
 the defence of his kingdom, he built three 
 thousand and sixty ships, which he distributed 
 through the four parts of his kingdom. He 
 had by Elfleda, called Candida, his eldest son 
 Edward, King and martyr. Subsequently, 
 by Elfrida, he had Edmund and Ethelred; 
 and finally, of Saint Wilfrith, he had Saint 
 Elfrith. Now this Wilfrith was not really a 
 nun, as Sibolgar foolishly imagines, but had 
 only been veiled from dread of the king ; 
 who, being reproved for this by holy Saint 
 Dunstan, was enjoined a seven years' penance. 
 He bound Kynad, King of Scotland, Malcolm, 
 King of Cumbria, and other kings whom he 
 had cited to his court, by a joint and firm 
 oath, so that when they met him, in obedience 
 to his commands, in the city of Legions, he 
 led them as in triumph up the river : placing 
 them in the boat, he compelled them to row 
 whilst he sat at the prow. By this he showed 
 his regal magnificence and his greatness, in 
 so many subject kings. He is afterwards 
 reported to have said, " Now at least might 
 his successors boast that they were kings of 
 England, since they enjoyed such a preemi- 
 nence of honour," He was buried at Glas- 
 tonbury. 
 
 In the year of grace dcccclxxix., corona- 
 tion of Ethelred, the brother of Saint Edward, 
 
 He placed his gloves upon the reading desk, 
 when, lo ! the dead man showed himself to 
 the Duke, with extended arms, before the 
 doors of the church. The Duke made on 
 the forehead the sign of the cross, and adjured 
 it solemnly to betake itself to rest, which, 
 when it did not, he cut it into two parts, and 
 divided with his sword. After going away, 
 recollecting that he had forgotten his gloves, 
 he returned and fetched them ; but he or- 
 dained that thenceforward vigils should be 
 held over dead bodies throughout all his 
 dominions. 
 
 At a certain meeting, Lynad, King of 
 Scotland, is reported to have said, jestingly, 
 that he wondered that so many provinces 
 should be subjected to such a manakin as 
 King Edgar. This was not concealed from 
 Edgar, and he sent for Kynad, as to a con- 
 sultation, and led him far into a wood, where 
 he offered him one of two swords which he 
 had brought, saying, " Now we may try our 
 power, as we are alone, that by the event it 
 may appear which ought to govern. It was 
 disgraceful to a king to be a braggart at the 
 banquet, and not to be ready to combat." 
 Confounded at this, he (Lynad) fell at the 
 King's feet, asking and obtaining forgiveness 
 for his foolish speech. 
 
 Of the Anglican world supreme and flower, 
 Edgar is not less memorable to the English 
 than Cirus to the Persians, Eomulus to the 
 Eomans, Alexander to the Greeks, Charles 
 to the Franks ; in whose praise some one 
 sings : 
 
 Auctor opum, vindex scelei-um, largitor bonorum 
 
 Setriger Eadgarus regna superna petit. 
 
 Hie alter Salamo legiim pater, orbita pacis 
 
 Quod claniit bellis, claruit inde magis 
 
 Templa deo, templis monachos, monaohis dedit agros 
 
 Nequicie lapsum, justicieque locum. 
 
PART I. CHAPTER X. 
 
 53 
 
 who reigned xxxvii. years. The course of 
 his hfe was hopeless and unlucky in its com- 
 mencement, unhappy in its progress, and 
 disgraceful at its conclusion. For when the 
 holy Dunstan baptised him, he defiled the 
 holy font by effluctions from his bowels. 
 Vexed at this, Dunstan exclaimed, " Through 
 God and his mother he will be unready;" and 
 on the day of his coronation added, " because 
 thou hast aspired, with thy odious mother, 
 (to the crown,) by the death of thy brother, 
 blood and the sword shall not depart from 
 thee until a people of an unknown tongue 
 shall have reduced (thy nation) to the deepest 
 slavery." This Ethelred had by his queen 
 Ethelgina, Edmund, surnamed Ironsides, Ed- 
 wyn, and Ethelstan, and a daughter, Edgina. 
 Afterwards, by the Norman Emma, he had 
 Alfred and Saint Edward, afterwards King. 
 Dying in the xxxYllUh. year of his reign, he 
 was buried at Saint Paul's, in London. Of 
 him it is remarked, being himself a king 
 acceptable to God, who had so devout a 
 father, a martyr for his brother, and Saint 
 Edward the Confessor for his son, that he 
 had merited more than to have been afflicted 
 with so many crosses, according to the pro- 
 phecy of Saint Dunstan : " The sword does 
 not cease to rage against thy house all thy 
 days." 
 
 In the year of grace Dccccxcvr., on the 
 death of Richard the First, third Duke of 
 Normandy, his son Eichard the Second suc- 
 ceeded, at the age of seventeen, who, on 
 account of his mild (disposition) was called 
 Eichard the Good. For in his devotions he 
 was fervent, in worldly matters discreet, in 
 giving willing and prudent. By his first wife 
 he had Eichard and Eobert, his successors, 
 and three daughters ; by his second wife he 
 had William, and Eobert Archbishop of 
 Eouen. A follower of this Eichard had once 
 stolen a spoon, and pledged it, amongst other 
 things. The duke, who alone knew of the 
 matter, had all the pledges of this knight 
 redeemed, who, when he saw the stolen spoon, 
 was so ashamed that he fled to a considerable 
 distance. But the Duke, following the fugitive, 
 gave him donatives, and thenceforward held 
 him in great estimation. 
 
 Maria, the daughter of Edward, married 
 to the Count of Boulogne, brought him an 
 only daughter, by name Matilda, his heiress, 
 married to the Count of Mauritania (the Mo- 
 rini) ; but he dying without descendants, she 
 was afterwards married to Stephen, King of 
 England. 
 
 Pakt I. 
 Cliapter X. 
 
PAET I. 
 
 CHAPTER XI, 
 
 chapter 
 
 The coronation of Edmund, the son of King 
 Ethelred, A.D. MXVII., called Ironsides, on 
 account of the indomitable vigour of his mind, 
 who in one year was victor in three arduous 
 battles, and overcame Knut, the interloper, 
 in single combat. In the first year of his 
 reign, he was slain at Oxford, in the manner 
 following: — Edmund having turned aside for 
 the requisites of nature, Edric, the traitor, 
 hiding himself deeply amongst the brambles, 
 transfixed King Edmund by an arrow betwixt 
 the privities ; and proceeding straight to Knut, 
 addressed him with, " Hail, sole king." This 
 Edmund had two children, Edmund and Ed- 
 ward, whom Cnut, at the instigation of the 
 traitor Edrick, fearing to be thought cogni- 
 zant of the murder of their father, sent to the 
 King of the Suevi (Swedes) to be destroyed ; 
 but he, fearing God, transmitted them to Solo- 
 mon, King of the Huns, to be taken care of. 
 There Edmund married the daughter of the 
 king of that country, but died shortly without 
 children. Edward, however, married the 
 daughter of Henry the Emperor, of whom he 
 had the holy Margaretha, Queen of the Scots, 
 Christina, nun, and Edgar Atheling. This 
 Edmund Ironsides was buried at Glastonbury, 
 near his ancestor Edgar. 
 
 In the year of grace mxvi., Knut, the 
 Dane, was crowned at Westminster, and 
 
 In the year of grace mxxv., of Knute, 
 King of England (vill.), on the death of 
 Eichard II., fourth Duke of Normandy, 
 Kichard III. succeeded. Him his younger 
 brother removed by poison, in the first year 
 of his dukedom. Wherefore, afterwards, in 
 the eighth year of his rule, this Eobert, con- 
 science stricken, went as a pilgrim to Eome, 
 and died in Bithinia. Of him it is recorded, 
 that in war he was spirited, in bounties liberal, 
 in lending profuse. Passing once through 
 the town of Falaise, in Normandy, he saw a 
 young damsel, the daughter of a tanner, 
 dancing with others in a ring. With her he 
 entered into connexion during the night, and 
 he took her some time as his wife. He had 
 by her William the Conqueror of England, 
 whose future greatness was foretold by a 
 dream of his mother, in which she saw her 
 bowels spread over all England. And in 
 slipping from the womb, he touched the 
 ground mth his fist, and filled both hands 
 with dust from the floor, sweeping it together, 
 and closing them ; from which the nurse 
 augured that he would be a king hereafter. 
 This young damsel Arlet, when she was 
 brought the first night to the bed of Eobert, 
 tore her garment from her chin to her feet ; 
 and being questioned by the Duke wherefore 
 she had done so, replied, that it was not fitting 
 
TART I. CHAPTER XI. 
 
 55 
 
 reigned xix. years. In the xv, year of his 
 reign, he went to Eome, whence (after) purg- 
 ing his sins, he returned the same year to 
 England by sea, and found Scotland in rebel- 
 lion. But in an expedition thither, he first 
 gained King Malguinus by a negociation, and 
 having subjected to him Malcolm and two other 
 kings, Merbate and Germali, he became Lord 
 of Dacia (Denmark), of all England, as well as 
 of Norway and Scotland. He had by his first 
 wife, a Danish (lady), Harold Barefoot, whom 
 he designated as King of England after his 
 death ; and by Emma, the mother of Saint 
 Edward, he had Hartknut andGunilda. His 
 putative son Sweyn he destined as King of 
 England, and Hartknut as King of the Danes. 
 Dying at Septonium (Shaftesbury), he was 
 buried at Winton, in the old monastery. Of 
 him three remarkable things are told : first, 
 that he married his daughter to the Emperor 
 Conrad II. ; secondly, that he brought with 
 him from Eome a large piece of the Lord's 
 Cross ; thirdly, that his seat being once placed 
 on the shore of the sea when flowing, he com- 
 manded the waves to rise no higher, lest they 
 should wet his robes ; the tide, nevertheless, 
 as was natural, rose higher, and made his 
 legs wet : the king, springing backwards, 
 exclaimed, " Let all mortals know that a 
 king is impotent, and that no one is in any 
 way worthy of the name of king but he to 
 whose laws all things are obedient." And 
 from that hour he never wore the crown on 
 his head, but placed it over the head of the 
 crucifix at AVinton. 
 
 In the year of grace mxliij., the corona- 
 tion of Saint Edward, that famous King and 
 Confessor, the pacific king and England's glory, 
 the son of Ethelred, who, after reigning xxiiu. 
 years, in the fourth indiction, changed his 
 
 that the bottom part of her garment, which ^''l^ '■ 
 had covered her feet, should be turned to the '"'"'"" ^'■ 
 lips of her lord. 
 
 This Duke Eobert, when setting out for 
 Jerusalem, convoked all his nobles at Fecamp, 
 where he caused them all to swear fealty to 
 his son William, then seven years old ; to 
 whom he assigned Count Gilbert as a tutor, 
 and appointed Henry, King of France, as 
 protector of the tutor. But the nobles kept 
 their fealty (only) to the death of Eobert ; 
 and when they heard of his decease, every 
 one looked to himself, and neglected their 
 pupil. 
 
 In the year of grace mxxxvi., the coro- 
 nation of Harold Harefoot, the bastard son 
 of Knut, who was buried at Westminster, in 
 the fourth year of his reign : his body was 
 afterwards dug up by his brother Hartknut, 
 decapitated, and thrown into the Thames ; 
 but which a fisherman drew out, and buried 
 in the Danish cemetery, in London. To him 
 succeeded his brother Hartknut, who, in the 
 third year of his reign, standing up hale and 
 joyous to drink at a marriage feast, suddenly 
 fell backwards, and expired in the presence 
 of all the bystanders. He was buried at 
 Winton. 
 
 In the year of grace mlxvi., Harold, 
 Duke of Kent, a cunning and shrewd man, 
 finding that he could not defer his prepara- 
 tions, placed the diadem on his own head 
 without delay, on the feast of the Epiphany, 
 immediately following the burial of Saint Ed- 
 ward, having extorted their oaths from the 
 nobility. Subsequently, on the day of Pope 
 Calixtus, he lost both realm and life, at the 
 battle of Hastings, and was buried at Wal- 
 tham Canonicorum . G ilbert Cambrensis, how- 
 ever, in his Itinerary, surmises that Harold, 
 
56 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Part 
 ChApier 
 
 temporal for an eternal kingdom. He was 
 sumptuously buried at Westminster, which he 
 had built at an immense expense, and which 
 he still illumines with stupendous miracles. 
 In this king the Hne of the kings of the Angli 
 failed, which had been, as we read, uninter- 
 rupted for DLXXi. j'ears, from Cerdic, the first 
 king of the West Saxons, except for the few 
 years in which the Danes, sent for our sins, 
 liad a short rule in England. By command 
 of this Saint Edward, Siward, Earl of North- 
 umberland, gave battle to Mathiota, King of 
 Scotland, and deprived him of life and king- 
 dom, and constituted Malcolm, son of the 
 King of Cumbria, King of Scotland, by King 
 Edward's command. In the Chronicle of St. 
 Alban's we find that Edward gave the king- 
 dom of Scotland to the above Malcolm, with 
 the daughter of his nephew, to be held of 
 him. 
 
 In the year of grace mlxvi. , William Duke 
 of Normandy, coming to London, was crowned 
 king by Alured, Archbishop of York, because 
 Stigand Archbishop of Canterbury refused, 
 at Westminster, on the day of our Lord's 
 nativity, which then happened on a Tuesday. 
 In the next XL. (quarenta. Lent) he went into 
 Normandy, leaving his brother Odo, Bishop 
 of Bayeux, in charge of England, taking with 
 him many of the English nobility, among them 
 Edwin, Count of the Marches and Poitou, and 
 Stigand, Archbishop of Canterbury, much 
 against his wish, under the pretence of honour, 
 but (really) lest he should hatch any plot during 
 his absence. It is difiicult to tell how very 
 submissively the whole land received him, by 
 carefully rising to and meeting him in long 
 and pompous processional fetes. King Wil- 
 liam, returning again to England when winter 
 was setting in, laid an insupportable tax on 
 
 pierced by many wounds, and having lost his 
 left eye from a javelin, when conquered went 
 to Chesler, where, it is thought, he became 
 an anchorite, in Saint Jacob's Moat, near the 
 church of Saint John, and where he died 
 happily, as appeared from his last confession. 
 And this opinion is confirmed by the general 
 behef of that city. Saint Eobert, Abbot of 
 Kievaulx, also, in his Life of Saint Edward, 
 cap. XXIV., towards the end, where he says: 
 Harold either died wretchedly, or was reserved 
 for penitence. 
 
 In the third year of William the Con- 
 queror, this said William, led by certain 
 (persons), ordered all the monasteries of Eng- 
 land to be searched, and all the moneys 
 found to be carried into his treasury ; and 
 in the xviu. year of his reign, took six sohdi 
 of gold and silver from every hide throughout 
 England. In the second year following, he 
 had put in writing how much land every baron 
 possessed, how many feudal retainers, how 
 many currucates, how many bondmen, how 
 many (heads of) cattle ; and the land was 
 much troubled by the quarrels thence arising. 
 The above descriptions were in a small volume, 
 placed in the royal archives at Winton. 
 
 This William was certainly a man of (great) 
 wisdom and shrewdness; rich, but avaricious; 
 boastful, but emulous of fame ; affable, and 
 devoted to heaven, but harsh to such as ob- 
 structed him. At the New Forest, in Hamp- 
 shire, he destroyed the towns and churches for 
 thirty miles, to put into it beasts (of chase), 
 and so (strictly), that he who caught an animal 
 lost an eye. He who forced a woman lost his 
 genitals ; so that a damsel laden with gold 
 might traverse the entire kingdom harmless. 
 On the rebellion of Malcolm, King of Scot- 
 land, this king Conquistor led an army by sea 
 
PART I. CHAPTER XI. 
 
 57 
 
 the English. He besieged and took Exeter, 
 a city in rebellion ; and in the same year, 
 Queen Matilda, coming from Normandy into 
 England, was crowned. 
 
 In the year of grace mlxxxviii., on the 
 fifth of the kalends of December, was the 
 coronation of William Eufus, who, engaging 
 on great things, and contemplating greater 
 if fate had protracted his life, grievously 
 oppressed the church and kingdom. In his 
 eighth year, when Malcolm, King of Scotland, 
 rebelled, and invaded Northumberland, Wil- 
 liam, with his brother Eobert, led their armies 
 towards Scotland. Malcolm, filled with great 
 alarm, met him in the district of Leodis (Leeds) 
 and was made their hege-man. 
 
 William paid his brother Eobert three 
 thousand marks for the kingdom of England. 
 The devil spoke in person to men of this 
 king's crimes and approaching death ; for he 
 was slain by an arrow whilst hunting in the 
 New Forest, and was buried at Winton. 
 
 In the year of grace Mcxxxvi., the coro- 
 nation of Stephen, Count of Boulogne, the 
 nephew of King Henry, at Westminster, on 
 the thirteenth kalends of January. He was 
 an excellent warrior, but of most depraved 
 mind, and was crowned contrary to the oath 
 he had taken to the Empress. In the first 
 year of his reign, Henry, son of David, King 
 of Scotland, made homage to him and fealty, 
 which David himself refused, because he had 
 already sworn to the Empress. 
 
 But in the fifth year of Stephen, M(aud), 
 the Empress, came into England, to reclaim 
 her rights ; whence great strife arose betwixt 
 her and King Stephen. 
 
 and land into Scotland ; but the aforesaid p*^;^ ' 
 Malcolm came to a place called Aberything, '^'"''"" ^^' 
 and there became his liege (man). 
 
 In the year of grace MCl., on the nones 
 of August, the coronation of King Henry the 
 First, at Westminster, who reigned xxxvi. 
 years. To him Almighty God granted three 
 favours, namely, wisdom, conquest, and riches. 
 He was crowned whilst his elder brother tar- 
 ried long on his pilgrimage to Jerusalem, and 
 who, returning thence, lived for some time 
 amicably with his brother. Subsequently 
 feuds grew up betwixt them, and Eobert, being 
 conquered and captured, was ordered into 
 custody, and kept therein during life, after 
 being deprived of his eyesight. This Henrj' 
 took to wife Matilda, daughter of Malcolm, 
 King of Scotland, of whom he had William, 
 and Matilda, afterwards Empress. Out of 
 matrimony he had Eobert and Eichard. In 
 the XXI. year of his reign, his two sons, Wil- 
 liam and Eobert, and his daughter Johanna, 
 were drowned at Werbefleet, on their return 
 to England, and many nobles of Normandy 
 and England with them. On the death of 
 Henry the Emperor, Matilda the Empress 
 was married to Geoffry Plantagenet, Count of 
 Anjou, who had by her Henry, King of Eng- 
 land, Geofl&T, and WlUiam. 
 
 This King Henry, in the xxvi. year of 
 his reign, caused the nobles of England to 
 swear fealty in favour of his daughter the 
 Empress, if she should survive her father, 
 without 
 
 8 
 
PART I. 
 
 CHAPTER XII, 
 
 PiEi^i. jj^ Q^Q seventh year of his reign, a battle 
 cimp. XII. ^^^-^ place, on the feast of the Purification 
 of the blessed Mary, at Lincoln, in which 
 King Stephen was taken prisoner, but ex- 
 changed the year following for Eobert, Earl 
 of Gloucester, brother of the Empress Maud, 
 who had been captured at Winton. Subse- 
 quently, King Stephen, and Henry Duke of 
 Normandy, son of the Empress, entered into 
 the following treaty : — Stephen should reign 
 during his lifetime, and then the other should 
 succeed as heir of the kingdom. Now King 
 Stephen died in the twentieth year of his 
 reign, and was buried at Feversham, which 
 he had founded. On the death of Stephen, 
 Athelithia, Countess of Blois, setting her eldest 
 son WiUiam aside for insanity, raised Theo- 
 bald, her second son, to be Count of Blois, 
 and sent her third to her brother, Henry the 
 First, King of England, to be brought up, 
 who married him to Matilda, relict of the 
 Count of Mortaigne, and daughter of Eustace, 
 Count of Boulogne. Henry, the fourth son, 
 became a monk at Olney, whom his uncle 
 Henry made Abbot of Glastonbury, and sub- 
 sequently Bishop of Winton. 
 
 In the year of grace Mcxc, the corona- 
 tion at Westminster of Eichard, son of Henry 
 the Second. This most industrious, though 
 in his love of war too ardent a king, in .the 
 second year of his reign entered on a journey 
 
 his leaving any (male) descendants. This 
 Henry died in Normandy, in the xxxvi. 
 year of his reign, and was buried in England, 
 at Reading, which he had newly built from 
 the foundations. 
 
 In the year of grace MCLV., on the kalends 
 of January, the coronation of Henry the Second, 
 son of the Empress, who reigned xxxvi. years, 
 and excelled remarkably in the contests both of 
 Mercury and Mars. He kept the dominions 
 received from his father with a high hand in 
 peace. By permission of the Pope, he con- 
 quered Ireland, and completely subdued Scot- 
 land. Inclosing under his sway the islands 
 from the Southern Sea to the Northern Or- 
 cades, he kept them under, and thus enlarged 
 (his dominions). He made a fortunate mar- 
 riage with Eleanor, daughter and heiress of 
 the Duke of Aquitaine, who had been divorced 
 from Louis King of France for too great 
 affinity. By her he had five sons and two 
 daughters, and, contrary to the rights of the 
 Church, he had his son Henry crowned ; who 
 took to wife the daughter of Louis, King of 
 France. To him, on the day following his 
 coronation, his father caused William, King of 
 Scotland, David, his brother, and the Barons 
 and counts of their realm, to swear fealty, and 
 themselves vassals of the young king, saving 
 their fealty (to himself). From the same 
 cause the King gave Aquitaine to his son 
 
PART I. CHAPTER XII. 
 
 59 
 
 to Jerusalem, with Philipp, King of the 
 Franks. He captured the island of Cyprus, 
 having subdued and taken prisoner the Em- 
 peror of the island. Here he married the 
 daughter of the King of Navarre, whom he 
 took with him on his journey. He then went 
 to the land of the Jerusalemites, and the town 
 of Jerusalem was taken by the aforesaid kings ; 
 but the King of France returned hastily to his 
 own dominions. King Eiehard made a longer 
 stay, and on his return home was captured by 
 the Duke of Austria, and sold to the Emperor 
 Henry. After being detained a long time in 
 captivity, he was ransomed by England for 
 one hundred thousand marks of silver and 
 gold. In the tenth year of his reign, on the 
 eighth of the kalends of April, he was struck 
 by an arrow from a baHsta, at the siege of 
 the castle of Cheluz, and slain. The castle 
 was soon taken by storm, when he permitted 
 for the love of God the author of his death 
 to go free. His body was by his own desii'e 
 buried at Fontevraud. He was sur named, on 
 account of his invincible courage, Cceur de 
 Lion. 
 
 This King John brought rebellious Ire- 
 land under the yoke of his power. In his 
 ninth year the interdict commenced, and con- 
 tinued for seven years, because the king obsti- 
 nately resisted (the instalment of) Stephen 
 Langton as Archbishop of Canterbury, after 
 he had been confirmed by the Pope. For 
 this reason our Lord the Pope released the 
 vassals of John from their fealty, and wrote 
 to the neighbouring kings to rise against 
 John. Upon their subsequent reconcihation, 
 he submitted himself to our Lord the Pope, 
 paying him yearly for England seven hundred 
 marks, and three hundred for Ireland. He 
 murdered Arthur, the son of his brother 
 GeoflS-y, and kept the sister of this Arthur in 
 
 Eiehard ; to GeofFry the county of Brittany, ^*!! '• 
 with the daughter of its Count, of whom he *'*'"'' ''" 
 had Arthur, and a daughter Eleanor. To 
 John he gave Ireland, with the county of 
 Mortaigne. In his eleventh year, St. Thomas 
 of Canterbury suffered under him. This king 
 kept Eosamund, a most beautiful damsel, (as 
 mistress.) To him succeeded his son Eiehard, 
 for ten years : a warlike man, and a famous 
 conqueror. And in the same year, in the 
 month of December, William, King of Scot- 
 land, came to Canterbury, to his lord King 
 Eiehard, and did him homage ; nor in the 
 reign of this king is any rebelhon of the Scots 
 recorded. 
 
 In the year of grace MCC, the coronation 
 of King John, brother of Eiehard, at West- 
 minster, who of Isabella, daughter of the 
 Count of Aquitaine, had Henry afterwards 
 King, and Eiehard Earl of Cornwall, after- 
 wards King of the Eomans, and three daugh- 
 ters, of whom one was married to the Emperor 
 Frederic, another to the King of Scotland, and 
 the third to William Mariscallo, Earl of Pem- 
 broke, and subsequently to Simon de Montfort, 
 Earl of Leicester, who had by her six children. 
 
 Saint Louis, above named, entertained 
 Saint Thomas of Canterbury, when an exile. 
 When he was returning from the Holy Land, 
 his long continence, and want of feminine 
 connexion, had, in the opinion of his physicians, 
 induced a sickness; and both physicians and 
 prelates recommended him, on account of the 
 great distance of his queen, that he should 
 enjoy another damsel. He rephed, " I would 
 rather die by disease chaste, than live an 
 adulterer ;" and thus committing all to God, 
 he recovered. 
 
 In the year of grace MCCXVil,, the coro- 
 nation of the boy Henry, the son of King John, 
 at eleven years old at Gloucester, because 
 
60 
 
 PROFANE HISTORY. 
 
 Part I. perpetual captivity at Bristol. Whereupon 
 Chap. XII. ^j^^ i^ing of France took possession of Nor- 
 mandy, Bretagne, Poitou, Anjou, and Sain- 
 tonge, as for a committed felony. John died 
 in the xvii. year of his reign, and was buried 
 at Worcester in the Monk's Choir, betwixt 
 the Saints Wolfstan and Oswald. In the first 
 year of his reign he received the homage of 
 William, King of Scotland, on a high hill 
 Avithout the city of Lincoln, in the presence 
 of an assembled multitude. 
 
 In the year of grace mcclxxiij., the coro- 
 nation of King Edward, son of King Henry, 
 on the XIIIJ. kalends of September, who had 
 for his wife Eleanor, daughter of Ferdinand, 
 King of Spain, by whom he had four sons 
 and six daughters. On her death, when 
 great dissensions had arisen betwixt him and 
 the French king, an agreement was come to 
 under the following conditions : — That Ed- 
 ward should marry Margaretha, sister of the 
 King of France, and that Edward his son 
 should marry Isabella, daughter of the said 
 (king) ; and so was done accordingly. Ed- 
 ward the First had of his wife Margaretha 
 two sons, Edward of Woodstock, and Thomas 
 Archbishop of Eouen. Henry died in the 
 LVii. year of his reign, and was buried 
 at Westminster. This son Edward, (related) 
 in the second degree to Saint Louis, through 
 his wife, had the surname of Longshanks, and 
 was superior Lord of Scotland ; who, when he 
 had reigned xxxiiiJ. years, died at Burg-on- 
 the-Sands, and was buried at Westminster, 
 near to his father. 
 
 He repelled the Saracens, Scots, Wallenses, 
 and false Christians ; and there was found in 
 him whatever belongs to regal glory, and 
 of whatever consists honour, or wealth, or 
 (large) possessions. 
 
 Westminster was then besieged by his enerilies ; 
 but in the fourth year subsequently (it was 
 performed) a second time at Westminster. 
 He had the daughter of the Count of Provence 
 for wife, and had by her two sons and two 
 daughters. To him, in the XXXV. year of 
 his reign, Alexander, King of Scotland, did 
 homage, obtaining at the same time his daugh- 
 ter Margaretha for wife, when his barons had 
 risen up against him 
 
 (Here is the only place where, for about three lines, 
 the MS. is illegible.) 
 
 they were 
 
 taken with others at Evesham, where 
 
 Simon de Montfort was slain. 
 
 This king died in the LVII. year of his 
 reign, and was buried at Westminster, which 
 he had caused to be renovated at his own 
 individual expense. How much of innocence, 
 how much devotedness, what great patience, 
 and what merit he deserved of heaven in his 
 lifetime, his miracles after death testify. 
 
 To this Edward Longshanks, in the seventh 
 year of his reign, all the nobles of the king- 
 dom of Scotland did homage, taking him for 
 their liege lord, and conceding to him and to 
 his heirs supreme dominion in the kingdom of 
 Scotland ; whereupon he granted to them 
 liberty to elect their kings from the nearest 
 relatives of a defunct king. 
 
PAET II. 
 
 SACRED HISTORY. 
 
 PREFACE. 
 
 Taking into consideration the intricacy of the Sacred Page, and also the diflSculties of ''''"j; "• 
 schoolmen in their study of that holy reading, hut more especially of those who, though 
 acquainted with the rudiments of History, are, by the carelessness of some, or the want 
 of books, unconsciously tempted, as the solutions (solucia) of inquirers or doubters (querentium 
 nolentiumque), to keep in memory, as it were in a bag, the narrations of these historians 
 concerning the ancestors from whose Levitical or regal title Christ had his origin ; when 
 therefore I have attempted to reduce their labours into one short work, which by the form 
 in which it is submitted, will have lost all intricacy, and which may, through the ocular 
 sense, be easily committed by the studious to memory, thus advantage will be offered to 
 every reader. The labour I have attempted is replete with difficulty and care, since, 
 though brevity must be my study as to form, I had to take care that nothing should be 
 subtracted of the truths of history ; but beginning from Adam, the pedigree should be 
 carried thi-ough the Patriarchs, Judges, and Kings, and through the contemporaneous 
 High Priests, even to Christ, their end in one (consistent) series. 
 
PART II. 
 
 CHAPTER I. 
 
 Adam, created in the territory of Da- 
 mascus, and translated thence into Paradise, 
 (whence four rivers take their rise,) with the 
 woman made from his side whilst asleep, and 
 her name being given her, after prophesying 
 concerning Christ and the Church, and on 
 the same day acquiescing in her persuasion 
 to eat the apple, for his disobedience, after 
 both making themselves aprons, was cast out 
 of Paradise, and cherubim with flaming 
 swords (stationed) at the doors ; and he was 
 for this cursed to gain his bread by the sweat 
 of his brow. 
 
 This Seth Adam begat in the two hundred 
 and thirtieth year of his age, but out of which 
 Moyses passed over one hundred, whilst Adam 
 mourned for Abel. 
 
 This Lamech first 
 introduced polygamy, 
 when he had slain a 
 man to his wound- 
 ing and a young man 
 
 Caym, a husband- 
 man, grieving that his 
 offering, and not his 
 brother's, had been 
 rejected, slew his bro- 
 ther by a sevenfold 
 crime, after he had 
 
 to his hurt ; and been rebuked by the 
 
 NoE, on the approach of the deluge, in the 
 six hundredth year of his life, with seven souls, 
 entered into the ark, which at the command 
 of God he had (begun) to build one hundred 
 years previously; and whilst the waters in- 
 creased on the earth one hundred and fifty 
 days by the will of heaven, and the Lord 
 rained forty days and forty nights, on the 
 twenty-seventh day of the seventh month, 
 when the ark stood over the mountains of 
 Armenia, and when after forty days he had 
 sent forth a raven, which returned, and after 
 a dove had borne him an olive branch, on 
 the twenty-second day of the second month 
 went out of the ark, after the revolution 
 of a year fi"om the day he had entered. (For) 
 if to-day be one, a similar revolution of the 
 year will be twelve, as he entered on the 
 seventeenth moon (luna) of the second month. 
 After his sacrifice had been accepted, he 
 received permission to eat meat without blood ; 
 and in sign of a deluge past, not of a fire to 
 come, the rainbow was placed. With wine 
 which he had planted, he was the first to 
 become inebriated, and being derided there- 
 fore by Cham, he cursed him, and, blessing 
 his other children, died. 
 
 After the deluge, four principal kingdoms 
 took their rise : that of the Assyrians, in the 
 east, where Belus first ruled ; of the Sichie- 
 
 Paet II. 
 Chapter I. 
 
64 
 
 SACRED HISTORY. 
 
 PiBTii. for this he declared 
 Chapter!, j^ ]jjg ^jfg ^^lat he 
 
 deserved a sevenfold 
 punishment. 
 
 Lord, and afterwards 
 became a wanderer, 
 and unstable on the 
 earth, having been 
 first cursed by the 
 Lord. 
 
 This Enoch, up- 
 right before God, lives 
 in Paradise withHelia; 
 who, from some scrip- 
 tures which have been 
 discovered, wrote a 
 certain Book, as is 
 contained in the Epis- 
 tle of Jude : under him 
 Adam is thought to 
 have died. 
 
 Here is termi- 
 nated the first age, 
 having years ac- 
 cording to the He- 
 brews IBC; accord- 
 to the Septuagint, 
 iiccxuiiJ. 
 
 This Jabel having discovered the por- 
 table (tents) of the shepherds, first dis- 
 tinguished flocks according to their quality 
 and kinds and ages. 
 
 This Jubal, the parent of singing with 
 the harp and organ, and inventor of the 
 musical arts, wrote (a charm) on a column 
 of bricks, and on another of marble, 
 against fire or a deluge. 
 
 This Tubal Caym, the inventor of the 
 smith's art, and fabricator of sculptured works 
 in metal, pleased by the sound of his hammers. 
 
 morians, in the west, with Egialus ; of the 
 Cithareans, in the north, where Ninus ; of 
 the Egyptians, in the south, with Mineus. 
 To Belus succeeded his wife Semiramis, who 
 made Babilonia the head of her kingdom. 
 To her Ninus, who introduced idols, by making 
 the image of his father ; and finally Sardana- 
 palus, fi:om whom Arzaces transferred the rule 
 to the Medes and Persians ; and Astyages, 
 afterwards governing them, gave his daughter 
 to a prince of the Persians, from whom Cirus 
 descended, and whom he conquered. After 
 his death, the kingdom was transferred to the 
 Persians, and Darius, the son of Astyages, 
 reigned with Cirus conjointly. 
 
 The first age is from Adam to Noe. The 
 second from Noe to Abraham. The third 
 from Abraham to David. The fourth from 
 David to the Babilonian captivity. The fifth 
 to Christ. The sixth from Christ to the end 
 of the world (seculi). These six are of the 
 living ; the seventh is of the dead, and 
 begins from the passion of the Lord. The 
 eighth is of the resurrectionists, which begins 
 from the day of judgment, and will last for 
 eternity. Be it remarked, that these ages 
 are not so called from the number of their 
 years, as the millenniary according to some, 
 but from the remarkable events done, which 
 may serve as a mark ; for at the commence- 
 ment of the second, the deluge was a purging 
 of the world. At the commencement of the 
 third, circumcision was introduced against 
 original sin. In the beginning of the fourth, 
 the unction of kings. In the beginning of 
 the fifth, the migrations of the people of God 
 to Babilon. In the beginning of the sixth, 
 the incarnation of the Son of God. In the 
 beginning of the seventh, the opening of the 
 celestial gat«. In the beginnbg of the 
 
PABT 11. CHAPTER I. 
 
 65 
 
 first worked out from them their jubal propor- 
 tions. 
 
 This Sale, who in Luke is called Caynan, 
 built (Jeru)salem. 
 
 From this Heber the Hebrews are named, 
 or from Abraham, quasi Abrahei. 
 
 In the time of this Phaleth, the division 
 of tongues was made, at the building of the 
 Tower of Babel in the plain of Senaar, in 
 whose family the Hebrew language, the most 
 ancient, continued. He is also called Phalech, 
 and by others Dinisus. 
 
 This Nachor, the son of Thara, when he 
 left Caldea, took for wife Melcha, the daughter 
 of his brother Aram, and afterwards dwelled 
 in Thara of Mesopotamia ; and his brother, 
 dying there, whilst Abraham was sojourning 
 in Canaan, begot these three brothers, Huz, 
 Buz, and Bethuel, with five others, from one 
 of whom, namely. Buz, descended Balaam, 
 who is called by the Hebrews in Job Eliud. 
 
 This Thare, unable to bear the injuries 
 heaped upon him on account of the fires which 
 he had demanded in prayer, came into Caldea, 
 where he destroyed his first-born, Aram. He 
 sojourned with Abraham and Nachor, and the 
 family of Aram, in Carra of Mesopotamia, and 
 after completing two hundred years he died. 
 
 eighth, the resurrection of the body, and their 
 full deserts to the good and bad. 
 
 From these three sons of Noah proceeded 
 seventy- two generations (races). 
 From Japhet, fifteen. 
 From Cham, thirty. 
 From Sem, twenty-seven, which were 
 
 dispersed through the world. 
 Sem obtained Asia. 
 Cham, Africa. 
 Japhet, Europe. 
 We here confine ourselves to the progeny 
 of Sem, for the rest were Gentiles. 
 
 Abraham,after the death of Aram(Harun), 
 adopted his son Loth, and took to wife Saray ; 
 he departed with his father into Charra, and 
 after his father's death he went to Sichem, and 
 thence to the five cities ( Pentapolin) . After- 
 wards placing the Tabernacle betwixt Bethel 
 and Hay, when he had passed in Egypt his 
 wife for his sister, he lived on his return in 
 the valley of Mambre, in confederacy with 
 three brothers. Keturning from the slaughter 
 of five kings, he was blessed by Melchisidech, 
 to whom he had given the tithes ; he received 
 a sign of obtaining posterity by flocks and 
 sheep. 
 
 In his LXXXVIIJ. year, his son Ishmael 
 was born; but in his hundredth year Isaak 
 was born to him. In his hundred and thirtieth 
 year Sara died. 
 
 This Cethura Abraham took to wife, after 
 the death of Sara. But some say that she 
 was Agar, who was raised from a concubine 
 to a wife, which seems a mistake, for Cethura 
 is called married. 
 
 Here is finished the second age, having, 
 according to the Hebrews one thousand two 
 hundred and ninety, but according to the 
 Septuagint ILXX. two. 
 
 I'AIIT II. 
 
 Chapter I. 
 
 9 
 
PAET II. 
 
 CHAPTER II. 
 
 P.4BT II. 
 
 Chapter II. 
 
 This Eebecca, sis- 
 ter of Laban, daughter 
 of Bethuel, was en- 
 gaged by Elieser, the 
 servant of Abraham, 
 for Ysaak, in Meso- 
 potamia. 
 
 This Lot, after de- 
 parting from the five 
 overthrown Sodomiti- 
 cal cities, begat these 
 two, namely Moab 
 and Amon. He was 
 made drunken by his 
 daughters. 
 
 This Ysaak, after Eebecca had laboured 
 in childbed, and when about to form a divina- 
 tion for Esau, in the hearing of Jacob, who, 
 after passing his wife on Abimelech amongst 
 the Gerarites as his sister, gained a hundred- 
 fold, and dug three wells, and a fourth in 
 Beersheba, (a covenant being entered into 
 with Abimelech and Phicol,) unconsciously 
 blessed Jacob, Esau being put aside. 
 
 Esau, a hairy hunter, having sold for a 
 dish of lentils his birthright ; and having 
 taken to Edom his riches and his Canaanite 
 wives, Judit and Bethsamath, was supplanted 
 by his brother in the blessing. When Jacob 
 returned from Mesopotamia, he met him, with 
 three hundred men, pacifically. 
 
 These two (Nabaroth and Cedar), with ten 
 others, were begotten by Ishmael, on an 
 Egyptian wife. 
 
 Jacob, the supplanter of his brother, both 
 in his birthright and his blessing, whilst 
 sojourning in Mesopotamia, where he had 
 built a pillar of promise near Luz, and com- 
 pleted for Eachel and Lya (Leah) a fourteen 
 years' servitude ; and a covenant for other 
 seven years being scarcely finished, with 
 mutuality of twigs, he departed with his 
 wives and eleven children from Laban, and 
 afterwards entered into a covenant, by raising 
 stones at Manaym, where he saw the abode 
 (castra) of the angels. Departing from the set- 
 tled boundaries, and passing the Brook Jaboth 
 (Jebbok), and having finished a morning's con- 
 test with an angel by a ruptured nerve, and 
 after changing his name, he met his brother 
 affrightedly, but sending presents before him. 
 When his daughter Dinah had been forced at 
 Sichem, and the Sichemites slain by treachery, 
 at the command of God he builded an altar, 
 and afterwards cleansed (it) ; and then coming 
 to Effreth, and after Eachel dying in chUdbed 
 after giving birth to Benjamin, when he had 
 fixed the tabernacle beyond Edar, he after- 
 wards, fi-om a famine in his land, went down 
 to Egypt, where he was honourably received 
 
PAET II. CHAPTEE II. 
 
 67 
 
 by his son Joseph, who was in Pharaoh's 
 confidence. He finished his life through old 
 age, after having blessed his sons according 
 to their order. 
 
 Part II. 
 Chnpler II. 
 
 From the sons of Jacob a numerous pro- 
 geny descended; but it will be sufficient to 
 speak of Levi and Judah, because from them 
 Christ descended by the line below. 
 
 These Dathan and Abiron, descendants of 
 Eeuben, with a few assistants, wishing to have 
 the leading of Israel before Moyses, are swal- 
 lowed up by the earth, for the sedition they 
 had moved at the suggestion of Chora. 
 
 This Balaam, who in Job is called Eliud, 
 descended from Buz, and who was brought by 
 Amalaak to curse Israel, blessed it, (his ass 
 having first spoken to him,) and prophesied of 
 the Star and the Saviour. 
 
 These two (Amram and Is- 
 suar) were the sons of Caath: 
 however, it is only necessary to 
 adduce the second, because from 
 him descended the priests. 
 
 This Chorah quarrelled with Aaron 
 concerning the priesthood, because he 
 was from the first-born, namely, Issuar, 
 and there he perished by the Divine 
 fire, with CCCL. (others.) Dathan and 
 Abiron were then swallowed up. 
 
 The two (Manasses and Ephraim) 
 were the sons of Joseph, each of 
 whom made a tribe, the tribe of 
 Levi being disregarded in the power 
 of inheritance. 
 
 This Thamar, who had been given by 
 Judah to his two sons. Her and Onan, who 
 had perished for their ignominious crimes, 
 returned a widow to the house of her father, 
 (he) fearing to give her to Lelah, as he ought to 
 have done, according to the law, for continu- 
 ing his seed by her ; afterwards sitting by the 
 road, in a changed garment, Judah, after the 
 death of his wife Suah, passing to Yram to 
 shear sheep, and having begotten, by the 
 force of cohabiting, Phares and Zara, having 
 suspected her for an harlot, delivered her, 
 when led afterwards to execution, as if caught 
 in adultery, when she had cleared herself by 
 (his) pledge of a staff and a ring. 
 
 (In the original, here is a TdbU of the various 
 places of sojoumership in the wilderness. J 
 
 Of Eliazer are the Nadab and Abim 
 
 priests, who are placed perished by Divine fire 
 
 in this line downwards in the desert, 
 to Christ. 
 
68 
 
 SACRED HISTOBY. 
 
 PiET II. 
 
 Chapter II. 
 
 This Joshua, who, at the command 
 of God, followed Moses in the leader- 
 ship, after two spies had been sent from 
 Sethim to Jericho, after seven days, 
 passed with all the people dryshod over 
 Jordan, and brought twelve stones from the 
 bed to its banks, other twelve being carried 
 from the banks to its bed. The people called 
 it Galgal, from the passing over. The town 
 of Jericho being surrounded seven days, with 
 the priests sounding trumpets, on the seventh 
 day the wall fell down. Achaz, who had 
 taken of the accursed thing a golden wedge 
 and a purple garment, was stoned ; on whose 
 account the Lord in anger slew thirty-six men 
 in Hai. When, however, Hai was burnt by 
 fire, the Gibeonites were taken for wood and 
 water servants. Five kings who besieged 
 Gibeon (for the prescribed space of a day the 
 sun and moon standing still,) he conquered. 
 Twenty-four kings who were with Jabin he 
 slew. An altar being constituted in Nichol, 
 he caused the blessings and curses to be pro- 
 claimed. He distributed all the land, to some 
 according to favour, to other according to 
 their rights. Two tribes and a half, who 
 fourteen years before had constructed, on his 
 return, mounds near the altar of Jordan, he 
 sent away free. And a covenant being entered 
 into with the people for the worship of one 
 God, he wrote in this Volume by the efRision 
 of water. 
 
 This Othniel overcame Kareathsepher, 
 whence he took Ayam his wife, and asked the 
 upper and the nether springs. 
 
 This Aroth was double-handed ; 
 and having slain King Eglon with a 
 dagger, freed Israel. 
 
 The (following) figure answers for the 
 understanding of what is said in Numbers, 
 concerning the disposition of the tribes and 
 Levites, on four sides around the tabernacle. 
 It also ftirther answers to understand the dif- 
 ficult passage of the agreement in Joshua, 
 where is shown what cities the Levites re- 
 ceived, and in what tribes by lot the tenths 
 of the flocks should be received. 
 
PART II. CHAPTER II. 
 
 69 
 
 By this Ozi the priest- This Deborah, 
 
 hood is transferred from wife of Barath, 
 
 Eleazer to Heli, son of and Lapedoch, 
 
 Ythamar, and these four after Siserah was 
 
 from Thores are expelled, slain by Jael, the 
 
 wife of Abzemir, after she had 
 
 given him a drink of milk, at 
 
 length kills Jabin, whose leader 
 
 Siserah was, and she sung it in a 
 
 song. 
 
 This Naason, at the departure from Egypt, p*''^.^'' 
 was chief in the tribe of Juda, and thus is true """^ 
 what God said to Abraham in Genesis, namely, 
 that from his generation the children of Israel 
 should go out of Egypt ; the computation 
 being made according to the royal tribe, so 
 as to call generations not those preceding, 
 but following. But if in that line it be con- 
 tinued to the fifth generation in the sacerdotal 
 tribe, the order of computation counting from 
 Levi, Eleazer is to be followed. 
 
 This Gideon, being saluted by an angel, to 
 whom he offered meat on a rock, and from 
 the destruction of Baal's altar called Jeru- 
 babel, on a sign received by a fleece, with 
 three hundred men who had lapped water 
 after the canine manner, after breaking their 
 pitchers and sounding their trumpets, destroyed 
 four kings, namely, Oreb, and Zaeb, and Ze- 
 ber, and Salmanna. 
 
 This Abimelech, the son of Jeroboal by 
 a concubine, made King in Sychem by the 
 Sychemites, killed his seventy brothers, Jona- 
 than surviving, who spake the parable of the 
 olive and the fig, and the vine and the 
 bramble, to the Sychemites, and also destroyed 
 Sychem, with Baal its prince, by Zebub, and 
 was killed in the town by the fragment of a 
 millstone, from the hand of a woman. 
 
 This Salmon, after the destruction of 
 Jericho, took Eaaba, concubine, for his wife, 
 who sheltered the spies in Jericho, and hid 
 them in stalks of flax upon the wall, and 
 liberated them by an hempen rope, placed 
 in the window of her house. 
 
 This Helymelech, with his wife Noerai, 
 in the time of a famine, went from Bethlee 
 (to another country), where her sons had taken 
 wives, namely, Euth and Orpha. But the 
 sons dying, together with the father, Naomi 
 returned to her habitation. On this Euth 
 Boaz begat Obed, raising seed to his defiinct 
 relative. 
 
 This Abiel died after many vicissitudes, 
 which it would be superfluous to put down 
 here. 
 
 From Benjamin, of whose descendants 
 Kys (was), whose brother was Ner, Saul was 
 born, as is read in the book of Chronicles, 
 who was his father. 
 
PART II. 
 
 CHAPTER III. 
 
 Pabt II. 
 Chap. III. 
 
 This Jepte being 
 ejected by his 4 sons 
 as spurious, and tarry- 
 ing in the land of Job, 
 afterwards was made 
 prince over them. 
 The Ammonites being 
 overcome, bound by a 
 vow, he sacrificed his 
 daughter, after forty 
 days of lamentation. 
 He slew forty-two 
 thousand Ephraymites 
 for (their) Sethboseth, 
 at the fords of Jordan. 
 
 This Helcana, de- 
 scended from Ysnar, 
 through Chore, had 
 two wives, Fennena, 
 fruitful, and Anna, 
 barren, who made a 
 vow, through faith, 
 that a male should be 
 given to her, whom 
 she would make a Na- 
 zareen. She brought 
 forth Samuel, whom 
 she delivered to Hely, 
 in Sylo. 
 
 This Sampson, born of Maime, after his 
 nativity had been predicted by an angel, and 
 brought up by the wife as a Nazarene, pro- 
 posed the riddle in Thamatha of the lion, 
 solved by the treachery of his wife ; when he 
 burnt the crops of his enemies, by foxes tied 
 together, and killed a thousand men at Ea- 
 moth-lehi with the jaw-bone of an ass, which 
 gave forth water, and carried the gates of 
 Gazah up to a mountain. Lastly, his hair 
 being cut off by the treachery of Dalida, he 
 was driven by the Philistines in a mill : his 
 hair growing again, he was sent for to the 
 
 Saul, whilst seeking his father's asses, 
 was met by Samuel going out of Eamath, and 
 anointed from a vial of oil. He found three 
 signs near the sepulchre of Eachel, at the 
 vale Tabor ; in the crowd of prophets he sang ; 
 in Masphal he was chosen by all the lots dis- 
 tributed through the tribes, and anointed. 
 After dividing oxen into pieces, and when he 
 had recovered the plundered first-fruits, he 
 heard a sign of God's anger in thunder, at 
 the voice of Samuel, and sacrificing, after in 
 vain waiting seven days, was reproved by him. 
 Jonathan, with his armour-bearer, put the 
 Phihstines to flight, without taking sword or 
 lance ; and Jonathan, who, contrary to the 
 malediction, had tasted the honeycomb, could 
 scarcely be withdrawn from it. Him (Saul) 
 God rebuked, by the election of David, through 
 Samuel, because he had spared Agag, the 
 Gagamalethite. 
 
 This Hely, priest and judge, weak in re- 
 proving his children, and therefore rebuked by 
 God, who brought up Samuel, who had been 
 entrusted to him, and hearing the death of 
 his sons, and the capture of the ark of God 
 by the Philistines, faUing fi'om his chair, died 
 of a dislocated neck. 
 
PART II. CHAPTER III. 
 
 71 
 
 temple of Dagon, when he destroyed more 
 people dead than when alive. 
 
 Samuel, judge and prophet, after he had 
 liberated the children of Israel from the Phi- 
 listines, by a sacrificed lamb, and the stone of 
 the deliverance being placed at the boundaries 
 by the Phihstines, on the petition of Israel 
 chose Saul, who had been sent to him by the 
 Lord, for their king, confirming the unction, 
 and giving him a precept which he afterwards 
 transgressed. Being rebuked for this by the 
 Lord, he was afterwards driven to such 
 straits, that after Samuel's death he recalled 
 him by an enchantress. He (Samuel) after- 
 wards anointed David king. 
 
 Pakt II. 
 Chnp, III, 
 
 Here is restored the priesthood to Eleaser. 
 In the time of Salamon, who, Abiathur, who 
 was of Ythamar, being rejected, restored 
 Sadok, who was (descended) from Eleazar. 
 
 David, the youngest of his brethren, was 
 elected by God, and anointed by Samuel, in 
 Bedleem. He received afterwards the royal 
 emblems in Hebron, as king over the tribe of 
 Judah, for seven years and six months, in the 
 third (of which) over all Israel. Assuaging 
 Saul by his minstrelsy, having given death to 
 Golie, fastening Jonathan to him, he was 
 made son-in-law of the king, whose envy was 
 raised against him by the praises of the vir- 
 gins, as gaining a hundred provinces by his 
 prudence. He bore the throw of a javelin, 
 whilst playing, and escaped the snare of the 
 satellites by the cunning of Michol placing an 
 image in his bed. He saw uninjured, through 
 the aid of Samuel, Saul with his followers 
 prophesying in Nabaroth, where Jonathan, 
 exercising himself in archery, swore a cove- 
 
 This Amasa, a 
 leader of David's 
 forces, was treacher- 
 ously slain by Joab. 
 
 This Joab was also 
 a leader of David's 
 army. 
 
72 
 
 SACRED HISTOBY. 
 
 rAiiTii. jiant. He ate the sacerdotal bread in Nob. 
 Chapter in. jj^j^^gg Y)emg foigncd before Achis, and 
 Abiather, alone of all the priests slain by 
 Doech having escaped, he rescued Leila, 
 which had been captured. In Cipha, he was 
 dehvered from the hand of Saul by the irrup- 
 tion of the Philistines. On the death of the 
 foolish Nabal, he married Abigail. He took 
 secretly a sword and a jug of water from the 
 head of Saul, who was pursuing him. Ee- 
 turning from Achis to Sichelech, he overcame 
 the Amalechites, After slaying the messenger 
 of the death of Saul, he bewailed him in a 
 mournful song, and after Ysboseth's decease 
 reigned alone. He ejected the Jebusites from 
 Jerusalem, and rebuilt it from the foundations. 
 After the Phihstines were routed at Baal-pliar- 
 asim, he brought back the ark to Jerusalem, 
 and was derided by Michol. With the promise 
 of a progeny, he was forbidden to build the 
 house of the Lord. He measured Moab with a 
 line, and overcame the Philistines and Ydu- 
 means in the valley of the Saltsprings. He 
 appointed official dignitaries. He slew Uriah 
 by the hand of the Ammonites. He fled be- 
 fore Absalon ; was at first reconciled to, and 
 afterwards pursued by him. After his death, 
 and after Achitophel had been hung, he 
 returned to Jerusalem, where he numbered 
 the people, against the will of Solomon, and 
 incurred the displeasure of God. After giving 
 a precept for avenging him on his enemies, he 
 died. 
 
 In the middle column of this work are 
 put the oppositions by collation of the 
 kings of Judah and Israel ; which oppo- 
 sition arises out of the different words 
 or writings of the prophets, from which 
 the Book of Kings was collected; whence. 
 
 This Salamon, after the death of Joab and 
 Semei, and Ydonia, having received wisdom 
 from God, after a sacrifice, and become known 
 by his judgment betwixt the harlots,, with the 
 assistance of Yram built the Temple in seven 
 years and as many months ; on the tenth 
 of the month September he consecrated it ; 
 he made the Court of the Lord, and the royal 
 palace. He entertained the Queen of Saba • 
 magnificently. He defiled his preceding life 
 by the love of women and the worship of 
 idols. 
 
 These are the names of the kings who 
 ruled in Israel after Salamon, and over the 
 ten tribes: — From Jeroboam the First to Osea, 
 under whom the ten tribes were sent into 
 captivity, by Salmanasar, King of the Assy- 
 rians, who placed them on the Eiver Gozam, 
 beyond the Persian and Median mountains ; 
 and it is read in the history of Alexander, 
 that in the same place he shut beyond the 
 last Carpathian mountains two unclean nations, 
 Gog and Magog, in the same place, lest the 
 whole earth should be contaminated by them. 
 These first of all Antichrist will hberate, and 
 lead thence ; and thence the Jews look for 
 and believe in the Messiah, 
 
 This Jeroboam, who had received ten 
 pieces of the garment from Achia, the Sylo- 
 
PART II. CHAPTER III. 
 
 73 
 
 according to the diversities in the volume, 
 a different beginning is by some assigned 
 for the commencement of the kings both 
 in Israel and Judah. 
 
 This Eeboham having despised the counsel 
 of the seniors for that of the young men, and 
 vexing the people by his rashness, retained 
 two tribes with the Levites. His kingdom 
 was called Judah. Susak, King of Egypt, 
 being for his sins made his enemy, and by 
 him pressed, he exchanged the hundred golden 
 shields for brass. 
 
 This Asa, having fortified Gabaa and 
 Musphat, and the cities being cleansed of all 
 their stones and images, which Baasan had 
 collected from Kama, was rebuked by Jehu, 
 because he placed his hopes on Benada, who 
 put on him an infirmity of the feet, by placing 
 it on the nerve, (and) died. 
 
 This Josaphat, when his enemies invaded 
 the territory of Judah, received consolation 
 in the Temple from the oracle, which said to 
 him, " Oh Judah and Jerusalem, fear (not)," 
 &c. And the place of the division of Israel 
 they called the Valley of Blessing. His fleets 
 were destroyed at Asiongeber, according to 
 the prediction of Eliezer the prophet. 
 
 This Joram took to wife the daughter of 
 King Achab. Under him Edom ceased to be 
 tributary to Judah. From this Joram, Matthew, 
 in his narrative, passed over to Ozias. This 
 Ozias was slain at the siege of Eamoth Galead. 
 
 This Ocozias, because on his backsliding 
 he consulted the gods at Acharon, and two 
 (persons) of fifty years being slain, and a third 
 injured, was forsaken by Helias, (and) died. 
 
 nite, and flying into Egypt, after the death of 
 Salamon, was elected king by the ten tribes 
 in Sichem. He placed molten calves in Dan 
 and Bethel. Hearing the words of the pro- 
 phet Abdo, when his hand withered and was 
 cured, when the altar was uprooted and the 
 prophet Abdo was slain, through communing 
 with a false prophet, and not leaving his evil 
 ways ; and hearing by his wife, inquiring of 
 Achia, the Sylonite, under disguise, concern- 
 ing the recovery of his son, a sorrowful mes- 
 sage of desolation, he expired. 
 
 This Nabal was slain by Asa whilst besieg- 
 ing Gebethon, a city of the Philistines. 
 
 This Basa, though restrained by Jehu the 
 prophet, and hindered when he would build 
 Eama, in opposition to Asa, was slain by 
 Bennadab. 
 
 This Hela was made drunk, and slain by 
 Zamri, who was besieged and burnt by Amri 
 in Thersa. 
 
 This Amri, after he had reigned alone 
 three years, strove against Thehan, and died 
 after having buUt Samaria. 
 
 In the time of Achab, King of Israel, 
 Jericho was (re)built by Abiel. Helias, having 
 caused a drought, is fed by a raven, and a 
 widow whose son he raised. When Achab 
 was invited by Abdia, he killed three hundred 
 and fifty priests of Baal. From great dread 
 entertained of Jesabel, he fled into the desert, 
 where, after a fast of forty days, eating bread 
 baked in the ashes, by four signs he was 
 
 Paht II. 
 Jhap. Ill 
 
 10 
 
74 
 
 SACKED HTSTOEY. 
 
 Part II. 
 Chap. III. 
 
 This Joram, on the death of Prince Michia, 
 from whom Heliseus fled into the desert, where 
 he received assistance of Jeosophat, and when 
 the King of Edom had compelled the King of 
 the Moabites to the sacrifice of his son ; after 
 the famine in Samaria, and his escape from 
 the swords of the Syrians, through the agency 
 of lepers ; after being wounded at the siege 
 of Kamoth Galead, was afterwards slain by 
 Jehu. 
 
 This Jehu, anointed whilst a child as king, 
 when he had slain Joram and Aziam, and had 
 caused Jesabel to be thrown down, and killed 
 the seventy children of Achab, the forty-two 
 brothers of Aziam being sent away, the bless- 
 ing of Jonabad the prophet being given, he 
 destroyed the priests of Baal in Samaria by a 
 stratagem ; overturning their temple, he made 
 it a privy. 
 
 ordered to anoint Azael. Jehu entertained 
 holy Hely. By the followers of his princes 
 he destroyed the army of the Syrians, where 
 Benbadab was taken in Afeth on the plain. 
 Micheam, being taken prisoner, was spared, 
 for which he was rebuked. When Naboth 
 was slain for his vineyards, he was rebuked 
 by Eliah, and humbled. On the false per- 
 suasions of Sedechia, whilst Michea dissuaded, 
 he besieged Eamoth Galead, and was trans- 
 fixed by an arrow and slain. 
 
PART II. 
 
 CHAPTER IV. 
 
 This Athalia, all the royal seed being 
 destroyed except Joash, a young boy, whom 
 Jochabed, the wife of Joiade the High Priest, 
 the son of Joram, hidden in the priest's resi- 
 dence for six years, had brought up, was after 
 six years ignominiously slain. 
 
 This Joash having collected a treasure to 
 repair the roofs of the Temple, and having 
 slain Zacharia, the son of Joiade, (who had 
 made him king,) after he had assumed divine 
 honours, was slain by his servants. 
 
 This Amasias, unimproved by the parable 
 of the thistle of Joash, King of Israel, de- 
 livers over to him Jerusalem to be destroyed, 
 and the vessels of the house of the Lord to 
 be carried away, and the wall to be broken 
 down. 
 
 This Ozias, a lover of agriculture, when 
 he had usurped the priesthood from Azaria, 
 was struck as a leper, and in the middle height 
 of a mountain he finished his life. Under 
 him Ysaiah began to prophesy ; also Osea, 
 Joel, and Obdias, according to some. 
 
 This Joatham built up the Beautiful Gate, 
 called by the Hebrews Joatham's Gate, but 
 by others the Castle Tower, on which Ysaias 
 saw the Lord seated, and Naum with Michea 
 began to prophesy. 
 
 This Achaz passed his child through the 
 fire (to) Bennon, when besieged by Easin and 
 
 In these thirteen years the kingdom of p*";^!!- 
 Judah was without a king, Avhich is proved °'"'''' ^^' 
 by the letters of the Book of Kings, and a 
 comparison of the kings of Judah and Israel. 
 
 This Jeroboam governed Israel three years. 
 
 After Sardanapulus, King of the Assyrians, 
 their last monarch, Phul and other successors 
 followed in order, who, to regain their dignity, 
 waged wars with their neighbours, and ruled 
 over the ten tribes in captivity to the time of 
 Ezechia, when Senacherib, after the destruc- 
 tion of his army, fled from Judah into Assyria, 
 and was slain in the temple by his sons. 
 
 Manaon, after giving a thousand talents 
 of silver to Phul, to go away from him, pro- 
 vokes his anger against him by the gift of 
 false calves (falsorum vitulorum). 
 
 Teglaphalazar did not restore Phacee, but 
 carried captive two tribes and a half, taking 
 both aUke from Zebulon and Naptali, from 
 each half a tribe. 
 
 In the time of Osee, although leave was 
 given to go to Jerusalem thrice annually, the 
 ten tribes were in the captivity of Salamanasar. 
 Under him Tobias, whose book (nota) is of the 
 captivity. Samaria being three years besieged, 
 was filled by Scireis, (Cuthahites ?) or Jaco- 
 bites, or Samaritans, who, from fear of the 
 lions, after the law was accepted, did not put 
 away their idols. 
 
76 
 
 SACKED HISTORY. 
 
 Chflpter IV. 
 
 Pharaoh, and consulting Ysaias, disbelieving 
 also the sign, he contemned him. Having 
 left God, he placed his hopes on Teglaphalusar, 
 and took away the ornaments of the Temple. 
 Under him Eome was founded, and Ysaias 
 saw the burthen of Babilon. 
 
 This Ezechias, after restoring those things 
 which his father had scattered, having broken 
 in pieces the celebrated brazen serpent, and 
 having heard (of the going back) of the sun 
 on the dial, and the contumely of Raspase 
 (Eab-shakeh), received through Ysaias, and 
 believed the sign of deliverance from Sen- 
 acherib, a destruction being made by an angel 
 after three years. Not having given praise, 
 he fell sick ; but a sign of recovery being 
 shown, through Ysaias, by the passage of the 
 sun, he believed, and when recovered he 
 sung a canticle. After he had been rebuked 
 by Ysaias for shewing the treasures of the house 
 of God to the Babilonians, he died in peace. 
 
 This Manasse, when he had followed Ysaias, 
 who had shown divine miracles with a wooden 
 saw (serra lignea), and purpled the streets of 
 Jerusalem with blood, seeing at length his 
 wickedness, changed his hfe for the better, 
 not without much wonder. 
 
 This Josias having humbled himself, when 
 terrified by the answer of Olde (Hulda), after 
 the Booij of Deuteronomy had been found in 
 the ark, pulled down idolatry from the high 
 places, and burnt the bones of the false pro- 
 phets and priests in Bethel. When he went 
 against the celebrated incomparable Phases, 
 with Pharaoh, at Megiddo, he fell, struck by 
 an arrow, by King Andrennio. He was incon- 
 solably lamented by Jeremia, when writing 
 his lamentations on his death, who began to 
 prophesy in his reign by three signs : the 
 growing twig, the seething pot, and the girdle. 
 
 He (Meradach) is the first famous king of 
 Babilon who honoured Ezechias, who, having 
 shown the treasures of the house of God to 
 his enemies, for this sin the kings of Babel 
 ever afterwards troubled the kingdom of Juda ; 
 namely, Nabuch, and others who followed him 
 in succession, to Balthasar, who was the latest. 
 For them their kingdom was translated to the 
 Medes and Persians ; and the seven (here) 
 named, from Meredac Balada to Balchasar, 
 were kings of the Chaldeans, who were less 
 famous for their deeds than their number of 
 kings. 
 
 This Nabuch, the two tribes being 
 taken captive, brought the relics of 
 Israel, after the death of Godolia, for 
 the consolidation of his kingdom, from 
 
PART II. CHAPTEB IV. 
 
 77 
 
 This Jeconias the First, after killing Uriah, 
 and imprisoning Jeremia ; after the Book of 
 Barach had been torn, when he was not 
 admonished by the example of the Eechabites, 
 after giving tribute three years to Nabuch, 
 was slain by him, and thrown out of the walls. 
 
 This Jeconias the Second, by the advice 
 of Jeremia, delivered himself into the hands 
 of Nabuch, with whom about ten thousand 
 migrated, amongst whom was Ezechiel, with 
 Daniel and the Three Children. 
 
 This Sedechias, previously Mathanias, not 
 amended by the potter's vessel, nor corrected 
 by the destruction of the pot, but frightened 
 by the death of Anania, for his contradiction 
 to the types of Jeremia, and alarmed by the 
 vision of the figs, and by the contraction of a 
 little yoke, was besieged in his ninth year by 
 Nabuch. But at his departure, and the arrival 
 of the King of Egypt, Jeremia was derided 
 and taken to prison on an ass. On the return 
 of Naburzarda to the siege, a field being 
 bought for prophesying ill health to the king, 
 he (Jeremia) was sent into bonds. Liberated 
 by an eunuch, he does not cease to prophesy 
 evil to the king. Flying in the night, he is 
 caught in the fields around Jerusalem. The 
 city being taken in his (Zedekiah's) fortieth 
 year, leaving Jeremiah free in Godolia, and 
 with the rest carried to Babilon, sightless, and 
 in ignominious chains, he died and was buried 
 there. 
 
 Under this same Sedekiah, the kingdom of 
 the Jews terminated ; in which, according to 
 Josephus, rule was held five hundred and four 
 years, six months, and ten days ; but accord- 
 ing to the Book of Kings, not fully five hundred. 
 From the building of the Temple, four hundred 
 and seventy years, six months, and ten days 
 had elapsed. After this, the care of the govern- 
 
 Egypt, and after dwelling amongst wild 
 beasts for seven years, he was restored 
 to his former shape, at the prayer of 
 Daniel, with a seren years' penance. 
 
 Daniel, prophesying in Caldea in the time 
 of the captivity under Nabuch, saw ten visions, 
 three of which he saw concerning Nabuch. 
 The first of the statue, which was broken by 
 a small growing stone, signifying four king- 
 doms, to be destroyed by Christ. The second 
 of the angel, which delivered from the furnace 
 the Three Children, who would not worship 
 the image in the field of Daran. The third 
 was the epistle of the king, which says he saw 
 it under the form of a tree, which from its 
 pride was changed into an ox and a lion, not 
 corporeally, but through mental alienation, 
 and healed by the intercession of Daniel. 
 
 This Nabuch, the two tribes being taken 
 captive, brought the relics of Israel, after 
 the death of Godolia, for the consolidation of 
 his kingdom, from Egypt, and after dwelling 
 amongst wild beasts for seven years, he was 
 restored to his former shape through the 
 prayer of Daniel, with a seven years' penance. 
 
 This Nabuch the Second planted tlie gar- 
 dens called hanging, for his wife, who wished 
 to look on a garden of Media, from which she 
 came. 
 
 Here is finished the fourth 
 age, four hundred and twenty- 
 three according to the Hebrews ; 
 according to the Seventy four 
 hundred and seventy-four. 
 
 This Evil Meradach, the brother of the 
 younger Nabuch, fearing that his father might 
 arise again as before, and lest he should drive 
 him from the throne, on the advice of Joachim, 
 
 Pakt 11. 
 Chaplcr l\. 
 
78 
 
 SACRED HISTORY. 
 
 Part u. ment devolvcd on the priests. After the return 
 ohap. IV. £^^^ ^YiQ captivity to the time of Christ, the 
 kings were few, who are noted below, after 
 the priests. » 
 
 This Salathiel was not begotten by Sede- 
 chia, but by Jeconias the Second, afler the 
 captivity of Babilon. 
 
 Cyrus, when Balthasar was slain, and the 
 kingdom of Babilon transferred to the Persians, 
 being induced in his first year by the writing 
 of Ysaia, gave leave to the Jews to return. 
 In his third year, on the exhortation of Aggea 
 and Zacharia, fifty thousand emigrated. Under 
 Jehu and Zerobabel, in the thirtieth of Cyrus, 
 all impediments being with difficulty ended, 
 at the dedication he built the walls of the 
 Temple. 
 
 Cambises, who is also Nabuch, in the 
 seven years in which he held the monarchy 
 of the East, (for he ruled twelve years pre- 
 viously in his father's lifetime,) prohibited the 
 building of the Temple. When he wished, as 
 every where, to be adored as a god in Israel, 
 Judith with Abia, having cut off the head of 
 Holofornes his general, at the siege of Bethu- 
 lia, Achior, having sacrificed for himself, fi-ee- 
 ing Israel, sung a canticle. 
 
 Darius, the son of Ydaspis, when Zeru- 
 babel solved the riddle of wine and woman, 
 conceded in his second year the building of 
 the Temple, gifts being given him by the king, 
 what he needed ; and it was finished in his 
 seventh year, and consecrated the twenty- 
 seventh day of the twelfth month. 
 
 The eighth vision he (Daniel) saw under 
 the same king ; Gabriel, namely, certifying 
 the coming of Christ, after the seventy weeks 
 of lunar years, and the captivity finally accom- 
 plished by the Eomans, after the edification 
 of the city by Neemia and others. 
 
 whom he had taken from prison, cut his father's 
 body into three hundred pieces, and gave it so 
 divided to the vultures. 
 
 The fourth vision he saw under Balchazar, 
 of the four winds, or angels, and four beasts — 
 a lion, a bear, a pard, and a boar — or the 
 four kingdoms, with the ten horns, or ten 
 kingdoms proceeding from the fourth, to be 
 subjected by the little horn, or Antichrist, the 
 beasts placed at the coming of Christ being 
 slain. 
 
 He saw the fifth vision under the same 
 Balchasar, of a ram having unequal horns, or 
 the kingdoms of the Persians and the Medes, 
 and the he-goat, or Alexander, driven against 
 it. After which followed four horns, from his 
 four successors, with one httle horn, Antiochus 
 Epiphanes. 
 
 The sixth vision he saw under the same, 
 concerning the destruction of Babilon by Cyrus 
 and Darius, an exposition being made into the 
 vernacular what was hid under: MENE, 
 TECHEL, PHAEES. 
 
 He saw the seventh vision under Darius, 
 of an angel, who freed him from the hon's 
 den, where he had been placed by order of 
 the king, because he had not obeyed the 
 decree of the princes, made from animosity 
 against him, for nonconforming to their prac- 
 tices, and praying three times each day. 
 
 Under this King Belchazar, Susanna was 
 freed from the calumny of the priests by 
 Daniel, and they were stoned. Under the 
 same Belchazar, he (Daniel) slew seventy 
 priests, who secretly ate the oblations (offered) 
 to Bel. Bel and his temple he threw down, 
 and he suffocated the dragon by a mass of 
 pitch and fat boiled up into balls. 
 
 Assuerus, after a general (feast) of luxury, 
 after Vashti had been sent away, and Hester 
 
PART II. CHAPTER IV. 
 
 79 
 
 The ninth (vision) he saw under Cyrus. 
 When ruminating on the banks of the Tigris, 
 he perceived (a man) clothed with a girdle, 
 whose body was made like lightning by a 
 chrysolite stone. 
 
 The tenth he saw when the same man 
 certified to him the events of the kings of the 
 Persians and the Medes, with their successors, 
 four great kings of Egypt ; the cruelty of 
 Antiochus Epephanes, and the time of Anti- 
 christ, with the time and half time he was to 
 reign. 
 
 brought in, Murdocheas honoured, Anan 
 hanged, turned the decree for the slaughter 
 of the Jews, treacherously obtained, by new 
 rescripts on the heads of their enemies ; for 
 which, to this day, the feast of Purim is 
 celebrated, in memory of the slaughter made 
 on the twenty-third day of the twelfth month, 
 and of the feast celebrated in Susa the four- 
 teenth or fifteenth day, when, after two days, 
 they ceased from the slaughter. In those 
 days Aristotle studied under Plato. 
 
 Paet II. 
 Oliup. IV. 
 
«^ 
 
 PART II. 
 
 CHAPTER V. 
 
 Part II. 
 
 Chapter V. 
 
 In the time of Arthaxersis, (Nehemiah) 
 having received letters of foundation, returned 
 to Jerusalem. He built the walls, with the 
 gates, noted helow in Augustia ; he freed the 
 people from usurers ; he drew new fire from 
 the sticks hidden by Jeremia. Esdra reading 
 from a pulpit, and the twenty-third day being 
 fixed for a fast, he made the people to be con- 
 vened for hearing the law four times during 
 the day and four times during the night, and 
 induced the people to keep the Sabbath, each 
 tenth head repairing to Jerusalem. 
 
 (In the original, a Plan of tlie Walls and Oates 
 of Jerusalem is here introduced, as above referred to.) 
 
 We read in the sacred Scriptures of three 
 temples being built. The first temple of the 
 Lord was made by Solomon ; the second was 
 built in Mount Gerasim by Amasse, the 
 brother of Jadus, the High Priest in the time 
 of Darius ; the third, constructed in the city 
 of ffilyopolis, by Onia^ the father of Simeon, 
 in the time of Antiochus the Great. We also 
 read of three dedications of the temple of the 
 Lord. The first, made by Solomon, in autumn, 
 on the tenth day of September ; the second, 
 in spring, on the twelfth day of the twelfth 
 month, under Darius, the son of Ydaspis, 
 made by Jehu, the son of Joiade ; the third 
 on the twenty-fift,h day of the month Casin, 
 
 In the time of Arthaxersis, Esdras having 
 discovered the depository of books, returning 
 to the Temple, with one thousand seven hun- 
 dred (men), having received from the princes 
 the power of absolving the Levites from tribute, 
 and fi-om the king of removing or substituting 
 the princes, he removed the strange women 
 from their Jewish marriages. 
 
 Ochus,at the suggestion of Nagog, 
 the prefect, whose friend John, John 
 had slain, renews the tribute remitted 
 to Esdra. 
 
 Darius being conquered by Alex- 
 ander, Saraballa, a commander of Da- 
 rius, having gone over to the side of 
 Alexander, soUcited the temple on Mount 
 Garazim, built by Manasse, the brother 
 of Jadus, the High Priest, whose daugh- 
 ter he had married. 
 
 Alexander, havuig transferred 
 to himself the kingdom of the Per- 
 sians, Tyre taken, and hastening 
 in anger from Gaza to Jerusalem, 
 there he worshipped, and was 
 honourably received by Jadim and 
 the other priests ; and after a 
 sacrifice, having read Daniel, re- 
 mitted the tribute every seven 
 years. What he conceded to the 
 Jews he refused to the Samaritans. 
 
PART II. CHAPTER V 
 
 81 
 
 or December, made by Judas Machabes, in 
 the winter. Whence it arises that the feast of 
 the dedication at Jerusalem was in the winter. 
 And this was done in the time of Antiochus 
 Epiphanes, 
 
 This Ptolomey Philadelphus, desirous of 
 books, on the advice of Demetrius and Aris- 
 teus, having changed one hundred thousand 
 Jewish shekels (singulis?), and presents for 
 offerings being sent for one hundred thousand 
 and twenty drachms of silver, received most 
 honourably at Alexandria seventy interpreters, 
 sent by Eliazer ; and after the translation had 
 been made, in seventy days sent them back 
 honourably rewarded. 
 
 After these kings, there were other kings 
 in Egypt which are not noted here, down 
 to Cleopatra, who had been overcome at 
 Accium with Antony, who was in love with 
 her, when Egypt passed over to the Romans. 
 Alchinus, made High Priest of Judah by 
 Demetrius, was always troublesome to Judas 
 Machabee, He died, struck by paralysis, 
 because he had destroyed the walls of the 
 holy house, and the books of the prophets, 
 
 Mathatias, the priest, after the envoys of 
 Antiochus Epiphanes had been slain at Madin, 
 teaching the Jews to fight on the Sabbath day, 
 restored the laws of their fathers, 
 
 Judas, after Apollonius and Sercus 
 (Seron ?) Timotheus, Nicanor, Gergia, 
 and Cesia had been beaten, being made 
 priest, consecrated on the twenty-fifth 
 day of December during eight days 
 the Temple, which had been three years 
 prophaned. He restored freedom, by 
 himself and Jonathan, to the Galaites, 
 and by Symon to the Galileans. Under 
 Joseph and Azariah, two thousand of 
 the priests of the Temple being slain, 
 
 11 
 
 He included the ten tribes in this i'*k^ "• 
 request. To him succumbing to '^■'"i"'"' ^'^'■ 
 poison, the four successors here 
 noted succeeded to his power, two 
 of whom are more fully noticed in 
 the Scriptures, on account of their 
 troubling the Jews, 
 
 This Antiochus the Tholomey, the son 
 
 Great renewed the of Largus, (Lagus ?) 
 
 seven years' tribute entering the Temple, 
 
 of the ministers of the under pretext of sacri- 
 
 Temple, remitted by ficing, led many from 
 
 Philadelphus, after he Judea and Garizim 
 
 had conquered Judaja captive. 
 
 and overcome Philo- 
 
 pater. Onias, the 
 
 father of Simon , flying 
 
 from his cruelty to 
 
 Ptolomey Epiphanes, 
 
 built the temple in the 
 
 district of EJyopalios, 
 
 fulfilling Ysaia the 
 
 prophet. 
 
 Under Symon, the 
 
 son of John, Syrak 
 
 composed the Book 
 
 of Wisdom, which is 
 called Ecclesiasticus, 
 or Panarethos. 
 
 This Seleuchus, 
 the son of Antiochus 
 the Great, had Elio- 
 dorus, sent to spoil the 
 treasury of the Tem- 
 ple and slain by two 
 youths, restored to 
 him on the intercession 
 of Onias. 
 
 This Antiochus Epiphanes having heard, 
 
82 
 
 SACRED HISTORY. 
 
 Tart II. 
 Chap. V. 
 
 after Eupator had made a treaty with 
 him, and after hearing the accusation 
 of Alchinus, and cutting off" the head of 
 Nicanor, also after he had concluded a 
 treaty with the Eomans", he was slain 
 by Alchides. 
 
 The sons of Zamri overcame John ; hut 
 it remains to he known why these two, John 
 and Ehazer, did not become (High) Priests. 
 This Eliaser, dragging out an elephant, is 
 slain with it. 
 
 Jonathas having overcome theNabucceans, 
 in revenge for liis brother, and after obtaining 
 a victory, entered into a treaty with Bacchides, 
 and after Alexander had aided him to be made 
 High Priest, and also after he had assisted 
 Demetrius and Antiochus, whilst a young 
 man, he was treacherously made prisoner by 
 Tryphon, and slain. 
 
 This Symon, after he had sent to Tryphon 
 a hundred talents of silver and two sons of 
 Jonathan, and being deceived in his expecta- 
 tion and joining in a confederacy with Deme- 
 trius, and after ejecting its guards, he fortified 
 the citadel of Syon, and was at length trea- 
 cherously slain by Tholomey's commander in 
 Jericho. He had for his successor John 
 Hyrcan. 
 
 John Hyrcan, having opened two of the 
 seven chests of David, gave to Antiochus 
 four hundred talents, that he might build the 
 wall of the people round the circumference of 
 the sepulchre. Of the money remaining, he 
 was the first who built almshouses. 
 
 This Aristobulus, having imprisoned his 
 mother and three brothers, placed the diadem 
 on his own head. At the suggestion of his 
 wife, Antigone, he killed his brothers, and, 
 after fourteen hundred and twenty years had 
 
 when at Eome, of the death of his father, and 
 the sluggishness of his brother, departed pri- 
 vately. He was received into some towns of 
 Syria, because he made them illusions of 
 liberty, whence he received the name of 
 Epiphanes ; and after his brother's death he 
 reigned in his stead. After selling the priest- 
 hood first to Jason, afterwards to Menelas, 
 who gave themselves heathen names, making 
 Jerusalem Prepacia and Phebea ; after Onia 
 was treacherously slain in Egypt, by Andro- 
 nichus, at the instigation of Menelaus, he then 
 conquered Jerusalem. Being again driven 
 from Egypt by Eoman envoys, he brought the 
 idol of Olympian Jove into the Temple, and 
 compelled the Jews to the Gentile ritual. 
 After being disgracefully driven out of the Ely- 
 mad, and driven back, when he was march- 
 ing against Jersualem, and routed, although 
 ultimately penitent, he died miserably. 
 
 This Antiochus Eupator, Bethsura cap- 
 tured, and Jerusalem besieged, made a cove- 
 nant with the Jews, for the preservation of 
 their laws, and ejected Philipp from Antioch. 
 At last he and Lisias, made prisoners by their 
 soldiers, were slain by order of Demetrius, 
 the son of Seleucus. 
 
 This Demetrius Soter, the son of Seleucus, 
 returning from Eome, slew Antiochus and 
 Lisias. He made Alchinas High Priest, under 
 whom the deity of Bacchus, sent into Judea, 
 within the walls of Jerusalem, was the cause 
 of much slaughter. He lost Nicanor, slain 
 by the hand of Judas, and he slew Judas by 
 Bacchides, when Jonathan refused aid, though 
 he had given him great yjromises. Epiphanes 
 died when he met the son of Alexander in 
 battle. This Demetrius was slain by the 
 youth Antiochus, recalled from Arabia by 
 Tryphon. 
 
PAET II. CHAPTER V. 
 
 83 
 
 elapsed, since the sovereignty was last under 
 Sedechia, he died. 
 
 This Alexander, about a thousand Jews 
 being slain, when dying, left the kingdom to 
 his wife. 
 
 This Alexandria, the wife of Alexander, 
 promising the kingdom to her son Hyrcan, 
 put her second son, Aristobulus, with his wife, 
 into prison, taking them as hostages that they 
 should not usurp the kingdom to themselves. 
 
 This Hyrcan, deceived by his brother Aris- 
 tobulus, and deprived of the aid of the Arabs, 
 to whom he had fled, but confirmed in the 
 priesthood by Pompey, and made king by 
 Julius Caesar, without the title : driven out 
 of the Elymad, he was slain at last by the 
 swords of the Parthians and his ears cut off, 
 when bringing aid to Antigone. 
 
 From the pedigree through Mathan, the 
 son of David, Levi begat Melchi, and Patera- 
 pauta begat Burpauta, and so this Burpauta 
 begat Joachim, and Joachim begat the holy 
 mother of Christ. 
 
 But through the pedigree of Salomon, the 
 son of David, Mathan had a wife, of whom he 
 begat Jacob ; but on the death of Mathan, 
 Melchi, of the tribe of Mathan, who was the 
 son of Levi, and the brother of Panteris, 
 married the wife of Mathan, and begat of her 
 Hely, the mother of Jacob. But Jacob and 
 Hely were uterine brothers, and Hely of the 
 tribe of Mathan died without children, and 
 Jacob married. 
 
 Paht II. 
 Clmpter V. 
 
 This Alexander, 
 the son of Eupator, 
 slaying Demetrius, by 
 the aid of Jonathan, 
 and honouring Jona- 
 than by two royal 
 emblems, his cities 
 treacherously taken by 
 Ptolomey, and his wife , 
 a daughter of Ptolo- 
 mey, given to Deme- 
 trius ; his head was 
 cut off by the King 
 of Arabia, to whom 
 he had fled. 
 
 This Antiochus, 
 a youth, giving the 
 priesthood to J ona- 
 than, with the consent 
 of Antriphone, when 
 king, was treacher- 
 ously slain. 
 
 This Tryphon kill- 
 ed his lord Alexander 
 and Jonathan Macca- 
 beus, with his two sons . 
 
 After the kingdom of Syria was tenni- 
 nated, Siria came under the power of the 
 Eomans ; for Antiochus, flying to the Par- 
 thians, delivered himself up to Pompey, after 
 Philipp was captured by Gabinus. 
 
PART II. 
 
 CHAPTER VI. 
 
 Paet II. 
 Chapter VI. 
 
 Here finished the fifth age 
 of five hundred and seventy-six 
 years. 
 
 This Gentile, Antipater, by birth an Ydu-« 
 mean, had four sons, one of «hom, Herod, 
 the Astolomite, became King of Judea. He 
 took for wife Mariagne, granddaughter of 
 Hyrcan, through wliom he both gained his 
 Idngdom and circumcision. He reigned seven 
 years after the Massacre of the Innocents, 
 during which the Lord lay hidden in Egypt. 
 
 In the forty- second 
 year of the reign of 
 Augustus, the Lord 
 was born, in the thir- 
 tieth year of Herod, 
 on the night of the 
 Lord's day. 
 This Herod, Astolomite, a proselyte, was 
 made King of Judea, by Antony and Augus- 
 tus, through Sosius, in the fourth year of the 
 Interregnum, and had by his four wives the 
 sons noted below. After the murder of Mari- 
 agne, the massacre of the Innocents, and the 
 slaughter of his sons, Aristobulus, Antipater, 
 and Alexander, he died very miserably, and 
 named Archelaus as his successor. 
 
 This Archelaus, This Herod Anti- 
 
 after a long tetrarchy, pas, under whom the 
 
 This Crassus, who 
 had restrained himself 
 all the time of Pom- 
 pey, took the conduct 
 of the Parthian war, 
 where he perished by 
 gold poured into his 
 mouth. 
 In the time of Crassus, Julius fought 
 against Pompey. After having obtained the 
 mastery, he held the rule three years and 
 seven months. The government had been 
 conducted by Consuls four hundred and sixty- 
 four years. From the time of Eomulus, it 
 was managed by seven kings for two hundred 
 years. After they ended. Consuls followed, 
 to the time of JuHus Csesar. 
 
 This Tiberius Caasar succeeded to- Augus- 
 tus, who sent Valerius, as Procurator, to 
 Judea, who openly sold the priesthood ; first, 
 he instituted Anna Asmoneas, the Ishmaehte ; 
 after him Eleazer, the son of Anna ; then 
 Simon ; afterwards Josephus, who is (called) 
 also Caiphas, under whom our Lord suffered. 
 The blessed Virgin Mary, Mother of God, 
 was twelve years old when, as announced by 
 an angel, she conceived through the Holy 
 Ghost. The Divine Jllan Jesus was above 
 thirty years when he was baptised by John in 
 Jordan; and he preached three years and 
 
* * • 
 
 , • • •« 
 
 PART II. CHAPTER VI. 
 
 85 
 
 and made with Brother Lord suffered, and 
 
 Duarch, of Ydiimea, John was heheaded, 
 
 elated by the promise was made Tetrarch of 
 
 I of the kingdom of Ju- Galilee, after a long 
 
 dea, was accused of contest with Arche- 
 
 ^^ tyranny before Cajsar, laus for the kingdom. 
 
 and banished to Vi- Envying Agrippa king 
 
 enna. When his ter- of Judea his kingdom, 
 
 ritories were reduced he went after Christ's 
 
 to a province, he was passion to Eome, where 
 
 sent as Procurator to on the accusation of 
 
 Judea. Herod Agrippa, he was 
 
 sent into exile at Lyons . 
 
 This Herod Agrippa experienced the fre- 
 quent vicissitudes of fortune. Having received 
 the Tetrarchies of Philipp, Lizanias, and 
 Herod Antipas, and the fourth in Judea, 
 whither he was promoted by Gains, (Cains 
 Caligula,) at the wish of the Jews, Jacob 
 (James) being killed, and after suffering 
 divine honours to be used towards him, he 
 saw an owl, the sorrowful presage of death. 
 
 In the time of Annius the red, Augustus 
 died, after he had reigned forty years and six 
 months and ten days, out of which Antony 
 had ruled with him twelve or fourteen vears. 
 
 three months. Afterwards, crucified, dead, i'**^ "• 
 
 and buried, and on the third day rising again, ^^""e'" ^J- 
 
 he conversed with his disciples on earth. 
 
 On the fortieth day of his resurrection he 
 
 ascended into heaven , and sitteth on the right 
 
 hand of God the Father. On the fiftieth day 
 
 he gave his Spirit to the Apostles for a strength. 
 
 The blessed Maria lived twenty years in the 
 
 house of Saint John the Evangehst, and was 
 
 taken up into heaven ; and all her days were 
 
 made sixty- three years. 
 
 Our Lord was conceived on the seventh 
 of the calends of April, on the sixth day (of 
 the week) ; was born on the first day (of the 
 week) of the seventh of the calends of January ; 
 was baptised on the seventh day ; and from 
 the seventh of the calends of April to the 
 seventh of the calends of January are two 
 hundred and sixty-five days. From his nativity 
 to the day on which he suffered and was cruci- 
 fied, are thirty-three years and six months — • 
 or 12,412 days — write twelve thousand four 
 hundred and twelve days. 
 
 Anna first married Joachim, of whom she 
 had Maria, the Mother of God, the spouse of 
 Joseph. After his death, she married Cleo- 
 phas, of whom she had another Mary, who 
 married Alpheus, of Avhom she had four sons, 
 Joseph, Tadeus, Symon, and Jacob. After 
 the death of Cleophas, the above named Anna 
 married Salome, of whom she had another 
 Mary, whom he gave to Zebedee, by whom 
 she had two sons, John the younger, and 
 Jacob the elder. 
 
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