... , . - .. , REVISED EDITION. SPELLER AND DEFINE! ) AND Ef LARGE!), BY SALEM TOWN. LL. P. AUTHOR OF THE "ANALYSTS OF 1 UK T: POLISH I. AND A SEllIRiS OF READERS, ; S ' .:'- ' - ? ' -'" - . i tTE . Bill K E I t Y LIBRARY UNIVBKilfT OF CALIFORNIA 00019191 L11B. VISED TOWN'S SPELLER AND DEFINER, REVISED AND ENLARGED. BY SALEM TOWN, L L. D. AUTHOR OF THK " ANALYSIS OP THK ENGLISH LAMOUAQB " AND A SERIES OF 1UCADBRB. BOSTON: SANBOEN, CARTER AND BAZIN. PORTLAND: SANBORN & CAKTEE. 1856. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1849, by SALEM TOWN, In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States, for the District of Maine. GIFT PREFACE. T743 IN presenting to the Public a new elementary work, for the use of Schools, the Author feels bound briefly to assign the reasons r hich have prompted him to an undertaking, that might, at first view, appear to be superfluous. These reasons, he trusts, will be deemed sufficiently valid, to free him from the imputation of hav- ng engaged in a service uncalled for. The principle, which he considers as lying at the foundation of ill good teaching, is, that a child being taught, both to read and to spell, should be taught, at the same time, to understand what he reads and spells. It is this principle, which has suggested the plan of the present work. He would not deny, that some advantages may accrue from the mere mechanical exercise of spelling, and storing the memory with words which, as yet, convey no sense, He is ready to admit, that it is better for the mind to be thus fur- nished, than not to be furnished at all; but as words are the signs of ideas, and the ultimate object of acquiring words is, to acquire ideas, and a medium of imparting them to others, it is not easy to say why this end should not be kept in view, through every stage of the learner's progress. All the spelling books now in use, follow out the same uniform plan, of arranging words according to their sounds and syllables irrespective of their import. On that plan, they are generally well executed, and would admit of little improvement. But if the above principle be well founded, something is stil requisite, beyond a mere judicious arrangement and correct or- thography, to answer the grand purposes of elementary instruc- tion. It is plain, that as far as practicable, the knowledge of the sign, and of the thing signified, should be acquired together, inas- much as both are to hold an inseparable connection in the mind. This Speller is believed to be the first school book for children ever published, in which the principle, as to the arrangement ol M991827 PREFACE. synonymous definers, was adopted and carried out, through the entire work. Many persons, at first, honestly believed such a course would be attended with injurious consequences ; but time and experience have, to a great extent, changed their views. In confirmation of the importance of acquiring a knowledge of the synonymous import of words, we make the following quota- tion from the preface of the revised edition of Dr. Webster's royal quarto. " One new feature is now added to tins volume, by making it a synonymous dictionary. Every one engaged in literary composi- tion has felt, at times, the want of such a work ; a work not in- tended, like Crabb's, to discriminate nicely between the shades of meaning in similar terms, but to present, under each of the im- porlanf words, an extended list of others having the same gen- eral import, out of which a selection may be made according to the exigencies of the case." " It will afford important aid to young writers in attaining grace, variety, and copiousness of dic- tion." The question has been very satisfactorily settled among teach- ers, that children, while acquiring the synonymous import of words, do, at the same time, make equal, if not greater advancements in the accuracy of spelling. The acquisition of ideas, always adds interest to the exercise. The key of sounds adapted to Dr. Webster's dictionary, are, in the main, used in this Speller. It should be noted that erf, when a suffix, adds a syllable in the spelling of a word, but not in pro- nouncing it, unless preceded by t or d. The marks for c hard and g soft, where these sounds could not easily be mistaken, are sometimes omitted. In giving the best synonymous definers, some repetition was found unavoidable ; this, however, is no more objectionable than it would be in a school dictionary. This revised edition is somewhat enlarged, and has an addition of about three thousand words. The orthography and pronuncia- tion, are believed to accord with the revised edition of Dr. Web- ster's dictionary, that work being most generally adopted as the j standard in the United States. THE AUTHOR. i TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. PART I. OF LANGUAGE, ITS ELEMENTS AND FORMATION. LANGUAGE is a medium by which we receive and impart ideas. Language was spoken, long before it was written. The main organs of speech are the tongue, teeth, palate and lips, aided by the breath. Speech is the faculty of uttering articulate sounds. Articulate sounds are the distinct utterance of letters, syllables, or words. Spoken language is a combination of articulate sounds denoting ideas, or things. Written language is a combination of words, used by common consent for signs of ideas. Letters are characters presented to the eye, in a written lan- guage, to indicate the variety of sounds, heard in a spoken lan- guage. The letters in the English language are twenty-six, and are called the English Alphabet. The alphabet has usually been divided into vowels and conso- nants; but more recently into vocals, subvocals and aspirates.* Vowels and diphthongs are vocals. Consonant are subvocals, or aspirates. W and y, as vowels, are vocals ; as consonants, subvocals.f DEFINITIONS. Vocals or vowels are letters whose elementary sounds can be perfectly articulated. * Should any teacher choose to retain the more common names, divis- ions and definitions ordinarily found in spelling books, there can be no particular objection. f W and y are subvocals, only when they begin a word or syllable. TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Subvocals or consonants are letters whose elementary sounds cannot be so fully articulated as the vocals. Aspirates are letters whose elementary sounds are formed by propelling the breath more or less forcibly through the teeth and lips. The vocals, as vowels, are* a, e, i, o, u, w and y. The subvocals, as consonants, are b, d, g, j, 1, m, n, r, v, w, y and z. The aspirates are p, t, k, h, f, s and c. The subvocal combinations are TH and ng. The aspirate combinations are ch, wh, sh and th.. A diphthong is the combined sound of two vocals in the same syllable ; as, oi in oil. A digraph is the union of two vocals in the same syllable, one of which is silent ; as, ea in head. A triphthong is the union of three vocals in the same syllable, or in one compound sound ; as, eau in beau. When the utterance of letters mainly depends on the lips, they are called labials ; as, b, f, m, p, v, w and y. When the utterance of letters mainly depends oa the teeth, aided by the tongue, they are called dentals ; as, j, s, z, zh, ch, sh, th, and c and g soft. When the utterance of letters mainly depends on the tongue, aided by the palate, they are called palatals ; as, d, k, 1, n, ng, q, r, t, x, and c and g hand. ELEMENTS. The elements of vocal language, are those sounds or breath- ings, to which all its words are by correct utterance reducible. The definite number of the elements is not fixed with infallible certainty. We think, however, there are not more than forty of a sufficiently distinctive character to be denominated elementary, unless, as some believe, r has two, the one rough, and the other smooth ; as in rwn, her ; and a an additional one, called medial ; as in /are, prayer. TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. CHARACTERS TO DESIGNATE SOUNDS. This mark O over the vocals denotes their long sound. It is nsed only where the long sound might be mistaken for the short. The short sound of the vocals is not marked. This mark (") over a denotes its sound as heard in far. This mark (..) under a denotes its sound as heard in b&U. This mark (.) under a denotes its sound as heard in what. This mark () under e denotes its sound as heard in prey. This mark (") over i denotes its sound as heard in marine. This mark ( v ) over 5t denotes its sound as heard in sir. This mark (") over o denotes its sound as heard hi move. This mark (. ) under o denotes its sound as heard ia b9ok. This mark ( v ) over 8 denotes its sound as heard in dSve. This mark (..) under u denotes its sound as heard in full. C marked thus, c, sounds like k; as in cat. G marked thus, g, sounds like.?; as in gem. E or i, at the end of a syllable, marked with the double accent, and followed by d or fc', is pronounced like ah; as in spe" cial, vi" cious. N marked thus, n", sounds like ng; as in man"gle. Ch marked thus, 5h, sounds like sh ; as in fchaise. Th, in small capitals, thus, TH, is subvocal, and has its sound as heard in THOU. S, in italic, thus, , sounds like z; as in muse. The silent letters, except final hoop. ch is sometimes silent ; as in scAism, yacAt. gh is frequently silent ; as in higA, ligAt ph is sometimes silent ; as in phthisic. CERTAIN TERMINATIONS PRONOUNCED. cion, sion, tion, are pronounced sAwn; cient, tient, ceous, cious, tious, scions, sAus ; cial, sial, tial, shed ; cean, cian tian, S/MITI ; science, tience, sh&nse. geous, gious,Jt(s; geon, gion,Jtm; ous, t/s; and ics, i3b. TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 11 SPELLING BY ELEMENTS. To spell a word by its elements, is to enunciate such elementary sounds of the letters, as are heard in its proper pronunciation. Pronounce. head statn deJt eloak rough ihwvgh praise Diueen Spell. bed stan det klok ruf thru praz kwen nif Prononnce. let eough vis age a price' ob lique van 7 quish fa t'igwe' dis gMise si' phon flam beau phtfiis i Spell. kup' let viz ag ka pres' ob Ilk van' kwish fa teg 7 dis giz si' fon flam bo tiz ik SYLLABLES AND WORDS. A syllable is one letter ; as, a ; or a union of letters ; as, man. A word is a syllable, or union of syllables ; as, boy, man-ntr. Letters form syllables, syllables form words, words form senten- ces, sentences form language, written, or spoken. A word of one syllable, is a monosyllable. A word of two syllables, is a dissyllable. A word of three syllables, is a trisyllable. A word of four, or more syllables, is a polysyllable. Words are primitive ; as, man ; or derivative ; as, manly. Words are simple ; as, horse ; or compound ; as, horse-shoe. A primitive word is the root ; as, man. A derivative word has some additions ; as, manfy. A simple word is any uncompounded word. A compound word consists of two words ; as, ink-siand. A prefix is placed before the root ; as, unlike. A suffix follows the root ; as, li 12 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Orthography treats of the power of letters, and teaches how to write, or spell words correctly. Orthoepy teaches the correct pronunciation of words. Spelling is correctly naming the proper letters of a word in the order of the syllables. Reading is pronouncing written words in succession. ACCENT, EMPHASIS AND CADENCE. Accent is a more forcible stress of voice, on some particular syllable, in all words having more syllables than one. When the accent falls on a vowel, the sound of that vowel is long ; as in ho'-ly. When the accent falls on a consonant, the preceding vowel is short ; as in man'-ner. Accent is primary, or full; secondary, or slight; as, on the word, ad'-ver-sa"-ry. Emphasis is a greater stress of voice, on one or more words in a sentence, to mark the sense of the expression. Cadence is a fall of the voice at the end of a sentence. A sentence is such a combination of words, as, being read in connection, make good sense. The close of such a sentence is marked by a period. ANALYSIS OP WORDS. In analyzing a word, it will be important to specify all such particulars as are applicable to it, that have been explained on the foregoing pages. The following examples will serve as specimens. Teacher. What kind of a word. is bark? Scholar. It is a primitive word and monosyllable. T. What is a primitive word ? 8. It is the root from which derivatives are formed. T. What is a monosyllable ? 8. It is a word of one syllable. TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 13 T. Will you spell the word by elements ? 8. Bark. T. Will you now analyze the word ? S. B is a subvocal and labial ; a is a vocal, having its second elementary sound ; r is a subvocal and palatal ;* k is an aspirate and palatal ; and the word means the rind of a tree, or to bark as a dog. T. Will you now analyze the word reprint f S. Reprint is a derivative word, and dissyllable, com- posed of print, the root, and re, the prefix, and accented on the second syllable. R e-p r i n t'. R is a subvocal and palatal ; e is a vocal, unaccented ; p is an aspirate and labial ; r is a subvocal and palatal ; i is a vocal under accent, and has its secend elementary sound ; n is a subvocal and palatal ; t is an aspirate and palatal, and the word means to print again. T. Analyze distrustful. S. Distrustful is a derivative word, and a trisyllable, composed of trust, the root, dis, a prefix, and ful, a suffix, having the accent on the second syllable.' D i s- t r u s t ' -f u 1 . D is a subvocal and palatal ; iis a vocal unaccented ; s is an aspirate and dental ; t is an aspirate | and palatal ; r is a subvocal and palatal ; u is a vocal under accent, and has its second elementary sound ; s is an aspirate and dental ; t is an aspirate and palatal ; / is an aspirate and labial ; u is a vocal unaccented, but has | its third elementary sound ; I is a subvocal and palatal ; I and the word means suspicious, not having confidence in. # If a distinction is made in the utterance of r, it will be rough or trilled before a vocal, and smooth after it. B 14 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. EXPLANATIONS. The mode of defining in this book is based on the same princi- ple, that is carried out in all school dictionaries ; and so far as cor- rect, abstract definitions are concerned, is substantially the same. By an abstract definition, we mean such an one, as imparts the signification of a word, in itself considered, ^irrespective of its ap- plications, or uses. Thus, Dr. Webster defines congruence, coin- cidence, harmony, stipulation, and covenant, by the same word, agreement, which is a correct definition of each of the above words, when taken independently of the sense, in which they sev- erally imply agreement. It is, therefore, an abstract definition. Dr. Webster says, " In school dictionaries, we must necessarily omit subordinate senses, and particular uses." Accordingly we find by computation, he has, in his school dictionary, defined about 9,000 words, by one or t)y two others of synonymous im- port, all of which are abstract definitions. Walker has defined about 11,000 in the same manner, and Johnson 8,000. When the best abstract definition is learned, the child will readily perceive the different applications of such words wher- ever he sees, or reads them in their proper connection with others. Thus, acuteness is defined by sharpness, without specifying in what it consists, or to what it applies, whether the sharpness of a knife, of vinegar, of pain, or perception. But when the scholar reads of the acuteness of a man's perception, the acuteness of sounds, or the acuteness of the pain in his tooth, he instantly perceives the particular sense in which acuteness, in each case, implies sharpness. The knowledge of words, like all other knowledge, can be ac- quired perfectly, in no way, except by a successive and gradual ! advancement, step by step, from the first plain and literal signifi- cation, up to the figurative senses, and varied applications. This is the way by which the ablest philologists have attamed all their critical knowledge of this, or any other languag which they may have been versed. II TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 17 see ode ape new roe sop * top cop bag cag fag gag lug mug rug tug car far jar bow cow how ruin mum and has bud cud mud rud jag lag nag rag dim him gem hem mar par tar dew few hew LESSON 8. dum but dip gum cut hip hut lip nut hum sum nip LESSON 9.; bid lid bib did mid fib hid rid nib kid rim rib LESSON 10 tag wag hag beg big keg dig leg fig LESSON 11. bur cur neb web cup sup fob odd bog dog fog log LESSON 12. ark ant arm are jaw art aft ask .arc law maw LESSON 13 jew low ace pew row age yew mow ale pip np sip tip lap rig wig tax wax pat vat saw paw raw caw Old ore fop hop lop mop map nap rap sap bug dug hug iug ban cam apt add was war wan wad bee fee the Do got get my pen. v ; can not use it. oen is a new one. i rule harsh rough grieve mowrn rub wipe null void gripe pinch skate slide prime first halt stop shift change pert brisk heed mind singe scorch snug close hazl all shut close vast great leap jump test try brief short jade tire smut black caZm still kink twist snarl growl lax loose lade load slake quench sour fart leer squint slay kill sleek smooTH lend loan smite strike sheen bri^At miss fed streak stripe sear dry chat tftZk sup sip .queer droll cede yield twirl whirl sage wise champ chew veer turn terse neat hum buzz vend sell green fresh hush still warp twist grim fierce leave quit wrap fold scarce rare pli^M pledge wield sway sham false whoop shout woo cowrt sharp keen boom swell b%7it blast smart quick crimp curl crave beg spare lean flay skin jerk twitch twain two gwide lead stir move spruce trim dip plunge slant slope gawnt thin bra.wl scold blare roar blear sore i TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 88 Nouns. Verbs. arc arch curve bounce leap spring blast gust puff clinch grasp seize beach strand shore screak creak squeak branch bou^A Iim6 deem think juage fen bog marsh drag draw haul cramp crick spasm drench wet soak crest tuft plume delve grub dig chit shoot sprout fuse smelt melt sod clod turf faoge fay fit fang tusk tooth flirt throw toss feat deed act glide slide slip fosse moat ditch gull dupe trick fun sport play frizz crisp curl garb dress cloTHes fling cast send globe sphere ball hurl sling fling haze fog mist jeer flout scoff need lack want mash smash crush path road way plod drudge toil sprig shoot twig rive cleave split spume froth foam soar mount rise stem hank yfcnot screech scream shriek blur blot stain seek search hunt &nag ¬ P e g vawnt boast brag charge trust care drub thrash beat mass lump heap score notch mark awe dread fear rid free clear I turn change shift goad spur prick wand rod stick stew seeTHe boil craft art trade &nock beat strike shrine ease box cloy fill glut site seat place hoist raise lift tach catch loop crouch cringe stoop scrap piece part wrench wrest twist booTH tent stall trim dress shave ¬ tie bond fleer mock jeer eak crack hole &nab seize bite 34 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. SECTION II. Nouns. Nouns. Parts of the babe in' fant rage fu' ry human body. bard po et soul spir it arm bet wa ger sBoal shal low bone beeves cat- tie splint splint er back coin mftn ey sire fa THer brow cote sheep fold ton fash ion brain copse brush wood trice in stant breast crib man ger trump trump et chin dearth fam ine vest jack et cheek frill ruf fle wftrth val \ie ear ga^ge meas ure zest rel ish eye grot cav ern bale pack age fist host a r my bunch clus ter foot hue cSl or kin kin dred head hilt hand le chance for tune hand hose stock ings cloak man tie hip leave li' cense pass pas 7 sage joint lunch lunch eon realm king dom jaw mount mount ain shed hov el Anee mart mark et shade shad vw leg mead mead ow strife con test lungs morn one morn ing u nit trill dawn qua ver day spring mouth neck orts ref use de&t deb it nose reins kid neys shield buck ler vein gift pres ent cove in let ribs gulf a byss 7 bit mor sel shin c^use rea' son robe gar ment skin churl rus tic stroll ram ble spine scum ref use nymph god dess scalp scrap frag ment scribe writ er toe scheme proj ect tank cis tern thumS spine back bone mask vis or tSngwe br^wl quar rel wrath an ger throat woof text ure wish de sire 7 waist TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 35 Nouns. Nouns. Persons and as cent 7 rise wa 7 ges hire occupations. a mount sum fi nis end barb 7 er be Kef faith frac tion part bra sier ca reer course fri ar m5nk coop er o quette jilt ful crum prop eoll ier es cape fli^At flam beau torch chand Ier in trigue plot ge nus class cloTH ier mo rans marsh gul let throat dra per men 7 ace threat hur die crate farm er an them hynw kern el seed gla zier ban quet feast mon arch king gro cer ba^n io bath muz zle mouth huck ster be som broom op tion choice . hat ter bor der eoge pigmy dwarf join er brisk et breast pig ment paint * lim ner big ness size por tion part ma son bun die roll pros pect view mm er bur 7 den load pur 7 view scope mill 7 er bob bin spool ra dix root mer chant eon taet touch rai ment cloTHes nail er cord age ropes rab ble mob paint er cSv ey brood sig nal si#n pot ter cut purse thief sei^n ior , lord saw yer cy cloid curve scru toir desk sad dler cyg net swan su et fat shep Aerd narrows straits spel ter zinc tin ner sen ni<7/it week stream let rill tan ner sew er drain text ure web tai lor si lex flint to ken si#n tink er stat ute law vis ion sighi weav er stat ure heighi ob it death play er scab bard sheath faZ con h^wk plead er pas time sport grap pie hook rigger blem ish sear cSm fort ease fram er aid ance help vert ex top spin ster broad ness width sig net seal print er 36 TOWN'S SPELLING- BOOK. Verbs. Verbs. Things known. hob' ble limp shud' der quake bread jog gle shake shriv el shrink beef num ber count squan der waste broth pam per glut strag gle stroll beer pon der muse sun der part bowl pur chase "buy swatd die swaTHe cake riv et clinch tan gle snarl cheese rifle rob wiTH er * fade cream scru pie dou&t be smear 7 daub fish am ble pace eon cede yzeld fork bios som bloom eon frSnt face food ca per skip eon fide trust ham cen sure blame con ceive think hash chuck le lawgh con struct bwild faiife clam ber climS com mend praue milk cSz en cheat de mand clazm meat des tine doom de fray pay pork doub 7 le fold de terge' cleanse plate fam ish starve en tice tempt rusk hud die crowd en gage pledge scwp trav erse cross ex pend spend spoon tort ure rack ex tend reach salt im brown 7 tan e vince prove starch in vest cloTHe im plead SU straw in cline lean red 7 den blush tea in feet tamt cob ble botch toast in struct teach cav il carp veal pe ruse read en vy grudge whey per mit let strug gle strive whip pur loin steal qui et lull pie re spire breaTHe dis like 7 hate tart at tempt try mis take err bran ran' sack search per form do tripe a void 7 shun cau' tion warn eggs con trive scheme whit en. bleach fat dis dan scorn be witch 7 charm lard TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 37 Verbs. sa lute 7 dif fuse be deck -eon denm pre tend iiighi 1 en har vest idle Ian guish mar ry men tion si lence sum mon tar ry val ue wan der stag ger rid die greet spread deck doom scare reap lounge pine name still cite wait prize stray reel sift Adjectives. ab' jeet ar id az ure au burn cer tain eal lous churl ish du al filth y frig id griz zle lar board lu cid mea ger mi nor nov el mean dry blue brown sure hard rude two foul Species of plants. baZm bean beet brake gray left bri^At lean less new mer ry erook ed bent dill dock fern flag flax fitch gowrd hemp hops kale mint squash READING LESSON.. GOD made the sun and the moon. And he made all the stars in the sky. God made the sea and the dry land. The tall oak of the hill, and the low shrub of the vale are his work. He sends the rain and the dew. The heat and the cold come from him. Now he bids the tree put on its green leaf. But soon he will send the snow and ice. Then the leaf will fall, and the tree be left bare. AH things that move on the land, or fly in the air, and all that swim in the sea, have life from God. He gives to all their food ; and at his word all must die. God made all men, and all things. He made the poor man, as well as the rich man. He j made the dark man, as well as the fair man. All should love God and do his will. 38 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Verbs. Adjectives. Trees and at tire' dress oc' tave eighth their fruit. as cend rise petty small date as sess tax poi^n ant sharp % a dapt fit pro lix' long lime be queaTH will rab' id mad plum be rate scold rap id swift sloe com pel force rag ged rough peach com pound mix sa ble dark p^ar dis till d^op scar let red quince in flate swell skit tish shy Trees. re strain check sjm pie plain ash em brace clpsp tar dy slow beech bar 7 ter trade ti dy neat birch bal lot vote total whole cork ban quet feast cor reef Tight elm sa tiate cloy im mense vast fir tram pie tread sue cinct brief holm slum' ber sleep se rene' caZm Names. min ute note ob tuse blunt moss plun der rob loy'al liege pink bat ter bruise slen der slim rush re pair 7 mend dec ade ten reed re pose rest in ane' void rue re press crush a cute sharp sage de coct boil bru nette brown sedge ru' in wreck com pact dense tares de ceive' dupe ex empt free thyme re gret rue de funct dead grain ap pear seem dis creet wise corn be dash wet hu mane kind oats en twine twist mi nute small rye u nite join pro found deep wheat per fume scent re plete full peas trun' die roll ro bust strong beans turn ble fall se cure safe rice trump et sound re miss slack grapes TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 39 SECTION III. Verbs. Words of opposite as sist' aid help JLUt/CUJ life LAXlg. death be hold view see %at dark be stow give grant left tight be wail wail moon more less om pel drive force meet part eon vert change turn north south de spoil strip rob old new im merse whelm plunge pain ease in fleet bend rook praise blame la ment mowrn grieve prow stem pro pel push drive push pull pro sure gain get rich poor re tain hold keep rise fall buff 7 et box beat rear front 51 or stain dye right wrong eow' er crouch stoop salt fresh erip pie maim lame sit stand grov el rawl ereep sick well See tor tease vex sink swim min gle blend mix slow fast pi lot gwide steer soon late pil fer filch steal sftme none s-eat ter strew sow smile frown tow er soar rise smooTH rough mod el form mold strong weak fet ter chain bind short tall jock ey trick cheat sew rip la bor toil wttrk tame wild har row break tear thick thin ram ble roam rove th&w freeze sharp en ec?ge point up down in cite' rouse move wake sleep be foul daub soil whole part in quire ask seek yes no 40 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Nouns. Materials for Small bal' lad lay song building. Quadrupeds. bil low surge wave boards eat a price' freak whim bricks cub dam' sel lass girl brads hare fig ure form shape tacks kid fis sure ehasm left glass Iam6 fount ain fount spring joists lynx gird le belt sash laths mink im post ton tax " lime mouse leav en barm yeast nails mole mis chief harm hurt planks Pig mar gin verge brink plates pup of fice charge trust pins puss o dor scent smell put 7 ty rat pow er imglii strength posts skunk fazl ing fault lapse sash olt fan cy taste whim sills catf fash' ion form shape studs Small and large. fairy elf fay spikes frog for age grass hay stones toad \ crev ice rack oleft serew <3a 7 vy eof fer chest box tile eo ny ri sis change turn pan 7 els civ et ran ny chink erack mold ings rab bit dam age hurt loss bat ten sa ble glo ry praise fame ast ings squir rel lath er foam froth blinds wea sel pat ent grant deed bra ces bi son set tie seat bench hing es bu gle stan chion post prop mor tar la ma let ter type mark raft ers li on quo ta share part sid ing ot ter ma nes gAost shade shin gles zer da stop pie spile plug sleep ers ze bu de gree' step class tim her u rus of fense erime sin eas ing i bex TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 41 quar' rel rus tie rid die rup tore spe cies sor row slug gard spig ot va por val ley vis age ves tige mid die to ken Aerb age pa rade' Nouns. feud down sereen breach sort grief drone spile mist dale phiz trace mid Aerbs pomp broil swain sieve break kind woe mope peg fog glen face mark midst mark grass show Adjectives, 0up' le e vil fla cid flesh y gloss y health y lim pid nim ble pal lid qui et si lent sol id eon else' pa^r ill lax gross smooTH hale elear quick wan two bad loose fat ex pense di rest to' tal mute firm brief sost sound pure spry pale still whist hard short price whole all READING LESSON. THE wind is air in motion. You can feel the wind, and see how it makes the trees bend and the snow fly. We could not breathe, nor live, if there were no air. The fire could not burn wood to keep us warm, if there were no air. The birds could not fly, and ships could not sail, and the boys could not raise the kite. You could not hear me speak, nor hear the bell ring, nor hear one sound, if there were no air. There could be no fog, nor rain, no hail, nor snow, nor clouds, if there were no air. You could not see the fine rainbow, nor the green grass. Are you not glad that God made the air ? God makes the ground bring forth fruit for man and beast. (42 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Nouns. Nouns j an" gle eor 7 ner aZms 7 house poor 7 house 1 a qua wa ter in gress en trance arch er bow man in mate loc?g er bus tie tu mult in stant mo ment bed lam mad house i ris raz'n bow bios som flow er June tion un ion bold ness eour age lar gess boun ty breTii ren broTH era laun dry wash room brim stone sul phur loo by lub ber ear nage sl&ugh ter lug gage bag gage eai tiff vil lain lus ter bri<7/it ness cinet ure gird le man sion dwell ing e&n pass cir ewit mag net lode stone eom pound mixt ure moist ness damp ness eor sar pi rate mor sel mouth ful eon fliet eom bat pas tor shep Aerd cy ele cir ele pus tule pirn pie do 7 nor giv 7 er pli 7 ers pin 7 cers duch y duke dom pot tage por ricZge des pot ty rant prow ess val or er rand mes sage quad rant quar ter flex ion bend ing query ques tion foi ble faz'l ing rack et elam or fore east fore SK/At re gent riil er fun nel tun nel rel iet wid ow fluid liq uid rub bish ru ins gal ISws gib bet sab bath sun day se ton is sue seoff er Beorn er deal er trad er sci ence Jcnvwl edge I nap kin tow el sol stice trop ie fa vor kind ness thick et for est raw ness erude ness ses sion sit ting mar vel won der si lence still ness ruf fian rob ber sea port har bor wim ble gim let sly ness eun ning ad vent e<5m ing af fray 7 quar rel i 1 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 43 Nouns. Adjectives. scrip 7 tures bi 7 ble ag 7 ile ac 7 tive sin ew ten don ac rid pun gent si ren mer maid ar dent fer vent skep ti-e dout er bale ful wo ful spon sor sure ty brill iant shin ing ten sion tight ness bon ny hano 7 some thresh old door sill ce rate wax en ton sure shav ing caus tic burn ing tor por num5 ness diz zy giddy tru ant i dler dor mant sleep ing tran script copy drear y dis mal treat ment u sage e ven lev el twee zers nip pers fac ile ea sj tu mor swell ing frag ile brit tie us tion burn ing fu tile use less vel lum parch ment fla grant glar ing vest ure g'ar ment hor rid shock ing un 7 guent oint' ment jun 7 ior young 7 er ae cess ap proach 7 Ian guid droop ing aue tion ven du# la tent hid den ere dence be Kef list less heed less in cense per fume mus ty mold y lee ture dis course nas ty filthy plaud it ap plause neu ter nei THer rel ics re mams no cent hurt ful scan dal of fense oft en fre quent za ny buf foon old en an cient ad vice 7 eoun 7 sel peace ful qui et ca bal un to pet tish fret ful bou quet* nose gay sim pie art less de light pleas ure pli ant lim ber de fault fazl ure quaggy mlr y ma chine en gine text ile wov en ra vine hoi low smut ty dirty me' ter meas ure shag gy hair y *booki' top most hi#7i est (44 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Adjectives and Adverbs. pi ous god 7 ly a far' re mote' pal try trif ling ab rupt sud' den puny fee ble a drift a float' rue ful dole ful a thwart a ^ross rud dy red dish e reet up' right sel dom rare ly en eore a gain' serv ile slav ish gen teel po lite silly fool ish ob scene un chaste sleaz y flim sy ob lique a slant shab by rag ged am' pie large ster ile bar ren speed y h#st' y tab by brin died fee bly faint ly hand y read y dark ish dusky tac it si lent pri or for mer tep id luke w^rm tur bid mud dy test y fret ful neTH er low er oil y greas y smart ly brisk ly tim' id fear 7 ful Verbs. touch y pee vish al lege' af firm' wa ry cau tious an nex affix live ly cheer ful an nounce pro elaz'm a droit' dex trous a bash eon fuse a way ab sent af front of fend be neaTH un der ap peal re fer be yond fur THer ap pend at tach di vine god like as pire de sire ex pert skill ful as sail at tack for sooth tru ly a vaunt be gone for lorn hope less be troth es pouse in ert slug gish be reave de prive mo rose sul len oin bine u nite pa rol o ral eom mute ex change sub lime lofty on dense eom press dire' ful dread ful on cert con trive dap pie spot ted on eoet di gest slack ly loose ly at test wit' ness TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 45 1 Verbs. Verbs. col late 7 com pare 7 re hearse 7 re cite' con stringe eon tract re coil re bound de mean be have re form a mend de fend pro tect re fund re pay de base de grade re raise re lease de throne de pose re voke re c&ll de file pol lute re spect re gard de hort dis suade re quire de mand de tarn with hold so j0urn re side e volve un fold sur vive out live en thrall en slave sus pect mis trust in trust con fide se cede with draw en Broach in trude ve neer in lay in hume en tom& cur tazl re trench in cense en rage cant 7 er gal 7 lop in fer de duce clat ter rat tie im pu^n at tack cod die par boil in -close' sur round' dal' ly tri' fle in snare en trap hag gle man"gle mal treat a buse h^ark en lis en o mit neg lect chat ter jab ber ob ject o; pose mum ble mut ter per turb di * turb pest er troub le por tray de scribe rim pie wrink le pre sume su]r pose shat ter shiv er pro claim de elare stam mer stut ter pro -cure pro vide squab ble scuf fle pro gress ad vance gig gle tit ter pro pound pro pose tarn per med die re bel re volt tram mel ham pear re dound con duce twink le glit ter re serve re tarn van quish con quer en twine en twist wel ter wal low dis -cuss de bate un twist 7 un wind' in still in fuse re gale re fresh ad diet de vote D affix sub join 46 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Verbs. Verbs. a base' hum' ble be hoove' befit' eom pete ri val de bar hin 7 der eom plete fin ish de duet sub traet' de lay lin ger ex -elude de bar ex ult tri umph de elazm ha rangwe for swear per jure im peach ae euse im prove bet ter re but re pel in ter bury re traeve re gam japan var nish pre elude pre vent Oe eur hap pen dis perse seat' ter per plex puz zle es teem val ue pro nounce ut ter ob serve no tice re lax slack en ran 7 som re deem' re przeve res pite rev el ea rouse re spond an sw>er sue -eor as sist re strict lim it swin die de fraud ered 7 it be h'eve' tres pass trans gress eov' et de sire' die 7 tate or 7 der eeh o re sound saun ter loi ter fur nish sup ply tac fc le har ness gaTH er gftv ern eol lest eon trol quiv er re proach 7 trem ble in suit 7 man age eon duet rank 7 le fes 7 ter mer it de serve men ace threat en par don for give fioun der strug gle lion or re vere prom ise en gage 7 ~ al lot' as sign dis -count de duet ae -eost ad dress se -cure' in sure ad judge a ward ex pel e jeet pre judge fore judge re vert re turn dis band dis miss un bind un tie dis charge re lease un nerve weak' en dis elose re veal eom mix min"gle dis course con verse e -elipse dark en dis gust dis please pro long length en dis mask un mask un joint dis joint 7 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 47 SECTION IV. Verbs. Words contrasted. a bide' re main' stay bold bash 7 ful a muse di vert please sweet bit ter ac quire ob tain gain top bot torn ac cept re ceive take lend bor row be come befit suit strai^Al crook ed con ceal se crete hide clean dirty con tenw de spise scorn late ear ly de coy en tice lure odd e ven dis robe di vest strip male fe male de cease ex pire die past fu ture de sist for bear cease fact fie tion dis may ap pall daunt %At heav y es chew a void shun earth heav em im merge im merse plunge stiff lim ber in dite com pose write few ma ny in vite re quest ask rest mo tion per spire' ex ude' sweat mean no' ble re buke re prove chide scarce plen ty e lect se lect choose glad sor ry sur vey in spect view deep shal low sub sist ex ist live saint sin ner sue cumJ sub mit yield tough ten der de scry espy see vice vfr iue de pict por tray paint man worn an af fliet dis tress grieve end begin' en chant be witch charm rude civ 7 il sub scribe con sent siu/n kind cru el ca jole flat 7 ter coax sound rot ten be friend fa vor serve fire wa ter com mand or der bid hill val ley tran scribe copy write whole bro ken defy chal lenge dare cheap cost ly har' bor shel ter lodge dead a live 7 glory ex ult' boast now nev 7 er prac tice per form do give re ceive 48 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Verbs. Articles of Food. ex h^ust' emp' ty drain bunn ba' con fa tig^e wea ry tire crout bis cwit im bue tine ture tinge Aough but ter im brue mois en steep flesh ban nock pur sue fol low chase roll catch up re late nar rate tell loaf cus tard bins 7 ter swag ger boast mush chick en brand ish flour ish wave samp dump ling drab ble drag gle trail souse flap jack fos ter cher ish nurse Articles gru el flour ish pros per thrive worn. mut ton in jure dam age harm vest muf fin jab ber chat ter prate stock past ry jin"gle tink le clink mitts pud ding li brate bal ance poise hat pick le lo sate sta tion place boots pan cake sul ly tar nish soil shoes vem son throt' tie stran"gle choke Varieties of Fish. ven ture haz ard risk trout dol 7 phin car ol war ble sing bream dog fish frus trate de feat' foil pike bur bot Nouns. bass gray ling bod' ice cor 7 set stays dace gur net ban ner stream er flag carp lam prey -ear go lad ing freighi chub min now -ear bon char coal -eoal cod pipe fish chap let gar land wreath eel por poise chol er an"ger wrath ling pil chard dan dy cox com5 fop perch pull in dan ger peril risk pout sun fish ditty son net song roach sea carp dis trict re gion tract ray sword fish to per drunk ard sot shark tautog prod net ef fects fruit whale tun ny com merce traf fie trade white tur bot I pro ceeds' in -eome rent smelt whit ing TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 49 Nouns. Birds and Fowls. em' bers cin 7 ders eoals brant bit' tern sym bol em blem type erane bust ard land ness fa vor grace GYOW buzz ard far del bun die pack daw con dor fur TOW chan nel groove dftve euck oo gam bol frol i-e prank duck eul ver gaTii era puck ers fold* drake chick en har bor ha ven port finch f&Z 0n man ner meth od mode goose gan der mam mon rich es wealth gull gosling bee tie mal let mall grouse howl et mSn ey spe cie Gash hen hum bird out line con tour 7 sketch hawk kill dee per sons pee' pie foZks J a J lin net pup pet mam met doll kite mar tin ran -eor mal ice spite lark mag pie j ras eal seoun drel fcnave loon os trich spee' ter . phan' torn g&osi owl pig 7 e6n sub jeet top i-e thenie quail pheas ant suf frage bal lot vote rook rad dock tattle gos sip prate snipe spar row vlr gin maid en maz'd stork star ling viz ard via or mask swan tur key de feet' blem ish fault thrush vul ture de si^n pur pose plan ttfren wid g^8n de ree e dkt law ea' gle man akin de vice proj eet seherne her on pel i ean ef feets chat tels goods par rot a na x ry ho tel tav era inn ra ven swal 7 low fire 7 lock mus ket gun rob in snow bird throt tie wind pipe throat teal ma caw' proc ess meth od owrse tern pea' eock os tent to ken show geese mal lard sa vor o dor taste hens sis Inn mis take 7 er ror feult wrens par triage pre' text pre tense' shoto bev'y red wing 3 50 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. dul' cet frae tious gal lant stur dy squ^l id sw^rth y sub tile sport ive vap id ver dant viv id ftu stere 7 be ni$m de mure in firm su perb Adjectives. lus' cious snap pish val iant hard y filthy tawny eraft y play ful taste less vi rent live ly rigid gra cious so ber fee ble show y sweet brave strong foul dark sly gay stale green Weapons of War. ball* bil 7 bo darts cut lass dfrks ear bine stern kind grave weak grand guns pikes spears swords "States of water. rain hail snow ice frost dew mist -can non dag ger hal berd mor tar mus ket pis tol pon iard ri fie sa ber fu see 7 spon toon fire 7 lock fire arms TUB SUN. THE sun is of vast size, and is the source of light and heat. The sun has dark spots on its disk or face. We do not know what these dark spots are. The sun is a globe in form, and turns round on its axis or poles. No one has yet found out of what the sun is made. It was once thought to be a ball of fire. It seems to be such to our eyes ; but wise men now do not think it is. They think God would not have made such a vast globe for no end but to give light and heat to orbs, none of which is half as large as the sun is. The earth goes round the sun once in a year. The moon goes round the earth once in a month, and both re- ceive their light and heat from him. What a sad world ours would be, were there no sun to shed his light and warmth on us. TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 51 SECTION V. Nouns* Species of plants. ad' age prov' erb say 7 ing bar 7 tram b^w ble gew gaw trifle be hen bib ber tip ler drink er ben net sub stance bod y mat ter bul rush bol ster cush ion pil low bur dock brig and ban dit rob ber burn et cus torn prae tice u sage cab bage for ceps pin cers nip pers cas sia gar bage offal ref use cat tazl gen tile hea THen pa gan cat nip hub bub tu mult up roar cow itch azl ment ill ness sick ness cow slip pu pil stu dent schol ar colts foot rap ine plun der ' pil lage cock le ser aph cher ub an gel cum in ten or pur port mean ing cum frey thrall' dom slav' er y bond 7 age dai 7 $y vor tex ed dy whirl pool fen nel "as sault' at tack 7 on set gar lie af fairs eon cerns busi ness gin seng be hest eom mand man date hys sop re sponse re ply an swer i vy das 7 tard cow' ard pol troon' kali hear say ru mor re port lentil es say at tempt' tribal let tuce Adjectives. 15v age art 7 ful craft' y cun' ning li chen ea ger ar dent earn est mad der gib bous eon vex round ing mal low bosk y syl van wood y man drake clam my vis cous stick y mil let dis mal lu rid gloom y car rot sta ble fix ed stead y mul len scant y spar ing nar row mus tard murk y cloud y ob scure' asp ic 52 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Adjectives. Tree and its fruit. dump' ish &tu' pid s^eep' y cher 7 ry mor tal dead ly fatal ches nut noi some nox ious hurt ful cit ron pa geant pomp ous show y al mond reck less heed less care less ap pie sen ior eld er old er lem on ser rate jag ged notch e& man go som ber dusk y gloom y or ange taw dry gaudy show y wal nut tumid tur gid swoll en cof fee afar 7 re mote' dis tant ol ive ur bane po lite gen teel 7 - pa paw' cryp' tic oc cult hid.' den gua 7 va frou zy mus' ty fetid Trees. lout ish clown ish clum sj ma' pie se cret pri vate un seen 7 myr tie way ward fro ward per verse al oe Verbs. ab solve 7 ac quit' dis charge 7 stad 7 die ab stain re frain for bear asp en ac quaint ap prise in form ban yan ac cord as sent a gree cam phor as sert a ver af firm ce dar be guile de lude de ceive cy press erce con strain com pel fus tic eon fute re fute dis prove hem lock com mune con verse dis course lau rel de fer de lay post pone lin den en treat be seech im plore pop lar en hance aug ment in crease man grove ex ceed ex eel sur pass ar bute in vent con trive de vise pock wood main tain sup port sus tain cam wood pro rogwe pro tract pro long dog wood re cede re treat with draw log wood re store re turn re place rose wood .- - .-.. - - . Jj TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 53 Verbs. Species of Plants. por tend' pre sage'' fore shotfl 7 8n' ion re nounce dis own dis elaim pars nep back 7 bite de fame slan 7 der pars ley eon vey' trans port ar ry pump kin de prave eor rupt vi" tiate plant ain dis turb mo lest tr0ub le rad ish ex hort ad vise oun sel sal ad ex pand dis tend di late 7 seal lion ex pound ex plain un fold sor rel en sue sue ceed fol 7 low tan sy im pede re tard hin der tea sel in tend de sign pur pose this de pre diet fore tell fore show 7 tu lip bick 7 er Jan" gle wran" gle tur nip bab ble prat tie prate xhu barb ^rum pie rum pie wrink le mel on fur bish burn ish pol ish bam boo' glis' ter glis 7 ten spark' le Dogs. nur ture nour ish cher ish bar 7 bet shack le hop pie fet ter ban dog dan die ea ress 7 fond le . bea gle grum ble ^om plain mur mur mas tiff ig nite' in flame kin die puppy of 7 fer pre sent pro pose' span iel 1 reck on om pute num' ber Shrubs. sol ace eon sole eSm fort al' der res pite sus pend de lay 7 bri er a larm' start' le fri^At 7 en ha zel af fliet dis tress'' tr0ub le hen bane 1 em broil in volve dis tract' Trees. trans a^t per form man ; age red 7 oak un brace re lax slack en live oak I see' ond sup port pro mote' black oak war rant mam tain in sure white oak 1 per feet fin 7 ish eom plete wil low ! oppugn' op pose' at tack shad dock 164 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Participles. Participles. blink' ing wink 7 ing bios' som ing blow 7 ing chat ting taZk ing ca per ing skip ping crook ing bend ing cen sur ing blam ing cant ing toss ing col or ing dye ing drag ging draw ing fain ish ing starv ing drub bing beat ing hec tor ing vex ing deal ing trad ing la bor ing toil ing ford ing wad ing mini ber nig count ing fas ing smelt ing pur chas ing buy ing fling ing east ing plun der ing rob bing grub bing dig ging pil fer ing steal ing gull ing trick ing red den ing blush ing hail ing call ing riv et ing clinch ing hoist ing rais ing sev er ing part ing heal ing cur ing tow er ing soar ing harm ing hurt ing trav ers ing cross ing jad irig tir ing wan der ing rov ing loan.' ing lend 7 ing a void 7 ing shun 7 ning l^ud ing prais ing as sist ing aid ing lash ing leap ing whip ping jump ing be stow ing be fit ting giving suit ing push ing urg ing con fid ing trust ing pil ing heap ing dif fus ing spread ing play ing sport ing de fray ing pay ing quit ting leav ing ex tend ing reach ing shut ting clos ing e vine ing prov ing slay ing kill ing per form ing do ing test ing try ing re tain ing hold ing tying bind ing re pos ing rest ing veer ing chang ing sa lut ing greet ing vend ing sell ing in -elm ing lean ing wait ing stay ing way 7 lay ing watch ing win ning gam ing wea ry ing tir ing wind ing turn ing se cret 7 ing hid ing warping twist ing re buk ing chid ing star ing gaz ing pe rus ing read ing TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 55; SECTION VI. Adverbs. Adverbs. apt' ly fit'ly bash' ful ly mod' est ly bn'ef ly blank ly short ly pale ly drear i ly dis tant ly gloom i ly re mote' ly clean ly nice ly fa tal ly mor' tal ly bare ly mere ly filth i ly dirt i ly cheer ly live ly for ward ly ea ger ly du ly fitly grate ful ly pleas ant ly faz'nt ly fee bly gib ing ly scorn ful ly frank ly free ly hap pi ly luck i ly firm ly strong ly hano 7 some ly grace ful ly fleet ly swift ly harm ful ly hurt ful ly fresh ly new ly heart i ly sin cere 7 ly gent ly soft ly lieed ful ly care 7 ful ly ) glibly smooTH ly ho li ly pi ous ly good ly ctfme ly lav ish ly waste ful ly gross ly course ly le gal ly law ful ly gruffly rough 7 ly pru 7 dent ly dis creet' ly 1 gayly fine ly play ful ly sport' ive ly | low ly meek ly pen sive ly so ber ly i mild ly caZrn ly peace ful ly qui et ly plain ly clear ly pee vish ly fret ful ly pert ly smart ly per feet ly com plete' ly plump ly round ly per verse' ly stub' born ly poor ly mean ly po lite ly gen teel' ly ngftt ly just ly pre cise ly ex act ly sage ly wise ly pri' vate ly se' cret ly sharp ly keen ly slug gish ly la zi ly slack ly loose ly sin ful ly wick ed ly scant ly scarce ly scant i ly nar row ly snug ly close ly tim id ly cow ard ly stern ly harsh ly tac it ly si lent ly strict ly close ly ver i ly cer tain ly vast ly grcat ly vi" clous ly wick ed ly base ly vile ly de cent ly prop er ly queer ly odd ly stin gi ly nig gard ly 56 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. i SECTION VII. Nouns. Nouns. Quadrupeds. il 7 ti tude height af fee 7 tion ISve ape bev er age drink arm 7 is tice truce bear can ti cle song bra va 7 do brag buck cal u met pipe ce su ra p^use cow eon di ment sauce col lis ion clash eatf I era ni urn skull con cus sion shock colt cru ci fix cross con ver sion change deer des ti ny fate con tu sion bruise dog dom i c&e house com pul sion force elk firm a ment sky de cep tion cheat ewe fur be low flounce di rec tion course fa\vn fo li age leaves lig 7 a ture band goat gem i ni twins mo nas' tic m&nk hart con fi dence trust o bei sance bow hog id i ot fool o ra tion speech horse in te ger whole pa vil ion tent hind lar 7 ce ny theft po ta 7 tion draught mare lat i tude breadth cat 7 a logue list mule Ion gi tude length no ble man peer moose mac u la spot test a ment will ox moi e ty haZf ter ma gant scold roe or i gin source ves ti bule porch swine or i son prayer Adjectives. shote par a gram pun bi' na ry two sheep per qui site fee scur ril ous vile stag par ent age bfrth sin is ter bad steer rem e dy cure sor row ful sad wolf ret i nue train sim i lar like whelp BUS te nance food in for* tile bare lamJ sur cm" gle girth pro dig ious huge kid sco' ri a dross un com mon rare pig pa geant ry show pre' ter it paat fox hap haz' ard chance im po lite 7 rude nag man da mus writ nee 7 tar ous sweet cub per cus sion stroke a ce 7 tons sour cur TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK 5T Verbs. Verbs. com' pro mit pleoge cic' a trize heal ure coun ter feit forge fab ri ate frame bwild el e vate raise flag el late spurge lash heb e tate blunt germ in ate sprout bud jac u late dart pal pi tate throb beat lac er ate tear tor re fy parch dry nav i gate sail dis -col' or tinge stain nom in ate name in hab it dwell live ob li gate bind re tin quish leave quit in to nate sound veg' e tate sprout grow pen e trate pierce sac ri fice slay kill purify cleanse des pu mate froth foam ru mi nate muse en um' ber load dog sig ni fy mean ad ven ture dare risk term in ate end in -eurv ate bend crook tu me fy swell tan' ta lize tease plague un du late wave o ver stock' fill ^rowd de mon' strate prove Nouns. dis co'm fit rout grav' i ty weight heft en am or charm log ger head dolt dunce ex hib it show mer chand ise goods wares ex tin" guish quench sep ul -eher grave tomb un der stand know spec ta le show; Bight ; im por tune irge in cis' ion gash ut gas con ade I last mag' ni tude bulk size o ver cast ci^ud sig na ture sign m'ark o ver pass IXSS Adjectives. o ver take catch ex plic' it ^leor plain un der mine sap i|j trep id brave bold scar* ify scratch la -eon ic brief short sur ren der yield prin' ci pal main chief sat' u rate fill sa pi ent sage wise cor us ate flash met tie some brisk gay pu tre fy rot val or ous brave .bold con trib' ute give vig or ous strong stout de niid ate strip vfr tu ous good chaste 58 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. SECTION VIII. Nouns. Nouns. an' nals ehron' i eles ba' sis foun da' tion al ien for sign, er eha os eon fu sion bo nus pre mi um eon cert a gree ment cap tive pris on er dis eount de due tion cen sus num ber ing ex it de part ure chi na por ce lam her aid pro elaim er elois ter nun ne ry ju rist ci vil ian chap man mark et man ni ter s< pe ter des ert wil der ness nui sance an noy ance gar ner gran a ry pa Iron sup port er gen try gen tie men proc ess pro ceed ings horn age rev er ence see tion di vi" sion jus tice eq ui ty traz tor be tray er in quest in qui' ry ty ro be gin ner nun cio mes' sen ger une tion a noint ing out rage vi o lence ver sion trans la tion mid' riff di' a phra^m be quest' leg' a cy par son eler gy man de spazr hope less ness peas ant eoun try man ga zette news pa per pil grim trav el er gran dee no ble man port er ear ri er fa ti'gwe wea ri ness prox y sub sti tute Adjectives. quan turn quan ti ty eon' trite pen i tent sam pie spec i men do cile teach a ble sur plus o ver plus duly prop er ly vie tor eon quer or fi nite lim it ed va grant vag a bond youth ful ju ve nile vigor en er gy * di verse' dif fer ent wiz ard eon ju rer dis junet sep a rate mid ness dis tra-e' tion gro tesqwe lu di erous mo tive in duce ment un safe haz ard ous dis like' a ver sion cost' ly ex pen' sive de fense pro tee tion harm less in nox ious neg leet o mis sion a kin' re lat eel farm 7 er hus' band man ab struse dif' fi eult TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 59 ! Adjectives. Verbs. po tent pow' er ful ae eou' ter e quip' rdth less pit i less be wil der -eon fuse sun dry sev er al eon sum mate per' feet stag nant mo tion less de term ine de cide' dead ly de struct ive en eom pass sur round eon stant un chang ing en vel op in wrap bank rupt in sol vent ex pa" tiate en large de cent be etfm ing re eov er re gam fal low un sow edi ar' ro gate as sume mor bid dis eas e& ag i tate dis turb o val el lip tie al ien ate es trange pep tie di gest ive eal eu late om pute a ware' ap pris edi eul ti vate im prove eon di$m de serv e& erim in ate ae euse re bate de due tion ded i eate de vote se date eom pos e' a vow con fess flea in vei gle se duce en tice % ex cru ciate *f tor ment tort 7 ure t mite in ter pret ex plain ex pound 7 #nat pro mul gate pro mulge pub 7 lish moth cas 7 ti gate chas tisq pun ish drone rat i fy con firm sane tion* louse reg u late ad just ar range 7 tick sup pli cate*f en treat im plore w5rm co in cide 7 con cur /* a gree wasp com pre hend in elude om prise breeze ^. eon tra diet gam say de ny boud di min 7 ish de crease i- les 7 sen dor im bo 7 som in lose 7 sur round 7 Tools. be tok en % fore show de note saw dis a vow 7 dis own de ny gouge dis o bey re fuse neg lect rake o ver look in speet re view spado in 7 ter est on cern en gage plow pat ron ize sup port fa/ vor shears no ti fy in form pub lish &u 7 ger Adjectives. chis el bar' bar ous ru 7 el bru'tal clev is bois ter ous noi y * loud colt er hor ri ble dread ful dire har row hal cy on> peace ful aZm ham mer prox i mate near est next hatch et ul ti mate final last hay faiife ma jes' tic state ly grand pitch fork cir 7 eu lar ro tund' round sick le phre net 7 ic fran 7 ti mad era die fat 7 u ous fool ish weak scrap er 66 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Nouns. Veasela. prog' e ny off 7 spring is' sue butt sal a ry sti pendN wa ere* k cask serv i tude slav er y bond age* can eon tor 7 tion wriTH ing twist ing cup cur mud geon nig gard x mi ser flask en grav er sculp tor\ carv er jar ex em plar pat tern mod e\ jug re sem blance sem blance lie ness keg tar 7 di ness late ness slow ness pail in June' tion pre cept com mand' gill horn' i ly dis course* * ser 7 mon pint apt i tude apt' ness fit ness qu^rt bound a ry pre cinct lim it mug ee sta sy rap ture trans port tub clean li ness neat ness pure ness tierce ob tuse' ness* blunt ness dull ness cruse eon cur rence a gree' ment as sent' urn Adjectives. Measures. ea 7 ri ous pu' trid rot' ten ell cfr cum speet c&u tious pru dent foot joe u lar jo cose wag gish inch jo vi al J oll 7 mer ry pole pend u lous hang ing swing ing rod sens u al car nal flesh ly rood som no lent drows y sleep y mile prod i gal pro fuse 7 lav ish yard ut ter most ex treme fur THest league vig i lant a lert w$teh ful Weights. in sip' id vap' id taste less ounce in her ent innate' in born pound fe' eund pro lif ' ie fruit ful dram re lig 7 ious de vout pi ous grain clan des tine se' cret pri vate tun in' fi nite end less im mense' Seats. del i cate daint y ten' der stool dif fer ent un like' dis tincf bench TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 67 SECTION XI. Adjectives. Adjectives. ap' po site suzt' a ble im plic' it im pli' ed eul pa ble blam a ble in ces sant , un ceas ing ev i dent man i fest pa thet ie af feet ing friv o bus triv i al prog nos tie fore show ing im mi nent im pend' ing vin die tive re venge ful mu ta ble change 7 a ble sub' se quent- fol' low ing i per ma nent du ra ble trai tor ous treach er ous per il ous dan ger ous tern per ate mod er ate rel e vant per ti nent mer ci less hard heart 7 ed ris i ble lawgh a ble ob so lete un us eJ stren u ous vig or ous r on er ous bur 7 den sbrae spher ie al glob u Iar in fa mous sean dal ous mil i tant -~ &ght ing e qua ble u ni form un sta 7 ble in eon 7 stant in dul' gent hu moj ing im mor tal un dy ing ma ter nal moTH er ly de vice ful in vent ive ra pa cious rav en ous am' bi ent sur round 7 ing ob serv 7 ant re gard' ful eo pi ous a bund ant er rat ie wan' der ing dis so lute li cen tious in vee tive * a bu' sive in so lent in suit ing im pa tient > un eas y li a ble ex pos ed il Ie gal un law ful pros per ous sue cess ful dis trust ful BUS pi" cious quer u lous eom plain ing im mod est in de cent ea thar 7 tie purg' a tive in 7 tri eate en tan" gled eon tin gent eas u al pre eo 7 cious pre ma ture' eo rus eant glit ter ing ree 7 re ant eow ard ly fa mil iar in ti mate in dis ereetf im pru' dent fi du cial eon fi. dent mar' vel ous wSn' der ful lo qua cious taZk a tive nig gard ly sor did ly nu tri" tious n0ur ish ing no tion al fan ci ful por tont ous om in ous med die some of fi /7 cious pu is sant pow er ful , mu ti nous se di' 7 tious ru bes cent red den ing om iris' cient all &now ing tre men dous ter ri ble mi na cious threat' en ing il lie it un la.w' ful me thod ie reg u Iar 1 68 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Nouns. Nouns. av' er age - me' di um de eo f rum de' cen cy bar ri er ob sta ele du en na gtfv ern ess eal en dar &L ma nae e lix ir eord i al eom i ty e0urt e sy ben' e fit ad vant' age eon ti nence chas ti ty en ti ty ex ist ence eol lo quy di a logwe o pi ate nar -eot ie den i zen cit i zen ree ti tude up right ness dig ni ty no ble ness ren e gade vag' ajxmd CM eha rist sae ra ment sat el lite at tend' ant et y mon prim i tive sen ti ment o pin ion ex i f jnce urg en cy sym pa thy eom pas sion run a gate fu gi tive ten e ments pos ses sions grat i tude thank ful ness dis or' der dis turb ance hea THen ism pa gan ism fru i' tion en joy ment in dus try dil i gence im pos tor de ceiv er in sci ence ig no ranee ne ga tion de ni al mas sa ere butch er y op po nent op pos er me' te or fire' ball par ti" tion di vi" sion nu di ty na ked ness pe ti" tion en treat y pan to mime mim ie ry pre ci" sion ex aet ness ped a gogwe school mas ter pro vi so eon di' tion per fi dy treach er y re ten tion re taz'n ing sane ti tude ho li ness vehemence vi' o lence seot o my diz zi ness vert i go-- gid di ness po tent ate sov er eign vis it ant vis it or pu ni ness lit tie ness re pub 7 lie com 7 mon wealth 7 safe' gward de fense' o' ver ture pro po' sal ar den cy fer f ven cy ex tine' tion de strue tion id i om di a leet a ver sion a void ing ab sti nenee tern per ance in cen tive in cite ment 1 se -ere cy Eri va cy eom mo tion ex cite ment pro fuse ness iv ish ness mi gra tion re mov al chas asement eor res' tioii a bash ment eon fu sion de tue ment pol lu tion ex pan sion enlarge ment i in eur sion in va sion suf fer ance en dur ance i ob serv ance at ten tion leg a tor' test a tor TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 69 SECTION XII. Ncnins. elem en cy len' i ty mild 7 ness lu na tie ma ni ae mad man eor pu lence flesh i ness fat ness eat a raet wa ter fall eas eade 7 lu na cy ma ni a mad' ness bar ris ter eoun sel or law yer po si ' tion at ti tude pos ture eeh i nus por eu pine herfge hog oe eur rence in ci dent e vent pre cep tor in struet' or tu 7 tor eon tri" tion eom pune tion re morse' re fee tion re fresh ment re past dis as ter mis for tune mis hap eom pos ure se date ness eaZm' ness dis ten tion ex ten sion stretch ing eon" gru ence a gree ment fit ness Adjectives. eon trary op' po site ad verse' ob sti nate stub born will' ful fa ri ous vi o lent raging pli a ble flex i ble pli ant te di ous we& ri some tire some tern po ral see u lar wSrld ly ad he' sive te na 7 cious stick ing e da cious vo ra cious greed y in tern al in tes tine in ward mo ment ous ma lig nant im port ant ma li" cious weight v ma li$n fu ga cious vol' a tile flying ter rif i ter ri ble fri^At ful er' u dite in struet 7 ed learn ed mal a pert im' pu dent s^ucy in ex peri/ un skill' ful awk ward im ma ture iin per feet un ripe 7 in dis tinet eon fas e& ob seure 70 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Verbs. ab' ro gate a bo? ish an mil' com mis' sion &u thor ize em pow' er dev' as tate des o late raV age dep re date spo li ate plun der ne go' tiate stip u late bar gain rev' er enee ven er ate re vere' rec om pense com pen' sate re pay im pli cate en tan" gle in volve ap pre" ciate es' ti mate val' ue in 7 un date o ver flow' del uge vac il late flue' tu ate wa ver dis ci pline ed u cate in struct' dis cour' age dis heart' en de ject en vi ron en com pass sur round dis com pose' dis or der dis turb dis al low dis ap prove' re jcct dis con cert in ter rupt frus' trate Nouns and Adjectives. ap par* ent ob' vi ous ev' i dent com' plai sant court e ous po lite' ac cord' ant con so nant a gree' ing de port ment de mean' or be hav ior di dae tie pre cep tive in struct ive fal la clous de cep tive de cez't ful fla gi" tious a tro cious vil 7 lain ous nar ra tion re hears al re cif al ad her ent par' ti *an fol x lo^ er in 7 di gence pen u ry pov er ty syc o phant par a site flat ter er es cu lent ed i ble eat a ble bar bin ger pro cur 7 sor fore run' ner ar se nal mag a zi'ne' arm 7 or y ob la 7 tion of fer ing sac ri fice plea* 7 ant ry gay e ty mer ri ment rap tur ous ec stat' ic trans port' ing in cen' tive stim' u lus in cite ment TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 71 SECTION XIII. Verbs. Verbs. dis sem' in ate spread ac cu' mu late a mass' de lin e ate sketch ac com pa ny at tend ex co ri ate skin com mu ni cate im part e vac u ate quit con cat e nate con nect ob nu bi late cloud cor rob o rate con firm re frig er ate eool de cap i tate be head in sin u ate hint e rad i cate up root Noons. ex as per ate en rage com mod' i ties goods .e vap o rate ex hale ap pa ri" tion gAost re an i mate re vive hi lar' i ty mirth re tal i ate re quite di rect o ry guide al le vi ate li^At' en me rid i an noon ar tic u late utter vi cis si tude change ca him ni ate slan der lam ent a' tion plamt co ag u late cur die os tent a tion pomp de crep i tate erack le Nouns and Adjectives. in ter 7 ro gate ques' tion be nef ' i cent kind in vig or ate strength en i den tie al same pre var i cate quib ble per spie u ous clear per 7 e grin ate jour ney en gag ed ness zeal Miscellaneous. in def in ite vagwe ir ri ga' tion wa f ter ing eq' ui ta ble just re cep' ta cle re ceiV er es tu a ry frith in quis i tive in quir ing ex trem' i ty end va cu i ty emp' ti ness in vet er ate old con cil i ate pro pi" tiate e ma cia ted lean dis a buse' un de cei've' in ter min" gle mix ce les' tial heav 7 en ly in' stru ment tool rev' e wie in c8me as sess' ment tax re mis' sion par don i to cal i ty place in tel li gent know ing do na tion gift stu pid i ty dull ness^ fnin' i mum least ap pre hen' sive fear fuL mu ti late maim in gen' ious skillful sep ul cher tom6 a cerb i ty sour ness 1 72 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK i Nouns. Garments. Garments. a bfl' i ty pow' er bib a' pron ac cliv i ty as centf -eoat cas sock a nil i ty do' tage cap jippo a rid I ty dry ness cape kfr tie au dac i ty bold ness cloak mit ten &ux il ia ry help ing frock tu nic de bil i ty weak ness gown trow SQTS de lin quen cy fazl ure glove &ur tout/ de vex i ty slop ing quilt van dyke ex per i ment tri al robe e mol u ment ha bil i ment prof it cloTH ing sock &hfrt Pertaining to garments, or tilings worn. i den ti ty same ness sh^wl but ton in sig ni a bacZg es skirt col lar mag nif i cence grand eur sack cor set ma lev o lence ill will scarf gus set men dac i ty f&lse hood vest ker chief pa ral y sis pal' v Cloth. Kn' ing pro pri e ty fit ness baize pock et pro fi" cien cy prog ress crape rib bon te mer i ty rash ness chintz tip pet rus tic i ty rude ness drab frill sphe ric i ty round ness felt Kinds of fruit ' a pol o gy ex cuse' gauze a' corn de -eliv i ty de scent plaz'd bur rel dev as ta' tion hav 7 oc plush cur rant er u di tion learn ing rug dam son co a li" tion un ion serge filbert in de pcnd ence free dom silk mel on eb ul li" tion boil ing Shrubs. nut meg im mi nu tion de -crease cane co coa val e die tion fare well hedge raz sin ag' ri cul turo farm' ing heath ha zel nut pul -ehri tude beau ty rose pine ap pie ar rear* age ar rears' broom maz ard sus ten ta tion sup x)ort thorn wal nut TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 78 Adjectives. Land. Furniture. a non f y mous name' less coun' try beds * con viv i al fes tal coun ty stools im pe ri al roy al can ton bowls in dig en ous na tive isl and brooms le git i mate law ful isth mus chairs pos te ri or lat ter mount ain chests so lie it ous anx ious prov ince churn sub serv i ent use fill prai rie clock ul te ri or fur THer Games. desks a' mi a ble love ly bill iards forks sal u ta ry am i ca ble whole some friend ly check ers raf fle jars Anives or di na ry com mon ten nis lamps sec on da ry sec ond Insects. mats sed en ta ry sit ting bee 7 tie pans trans i to ry fleet ing bed bug pazls hor i zon' tal lev el crick et plates Miscellaneous. gad' fly spoons con' trast op po si" tion bean fly screen pref ace in tro due tion a phis stoves pre pense pre con cezv e& botfly stands fore stall an tic' i pate ox fly tongs pris' tine o rig in al wee vil tray spe" cial par tic u lar Salts. urns mowrn ful lam' ent a ble al 7 um wheels mo dish fash zon a ble ep som dish' es lone ly sol i ta ry bo rax chi na pre" cious val u a ble glaub er ba sins ex act' me thod ic al gyp sum buck ets ti' dings in tel li gence Bedding. plat ters rav el dis en tan" gle blank 7 et so fa want age de fi" cien cy ham mock sal vers W(5n der ad mi ra' tion mat ress ta bles in crease aug ment a tion pal let shov els pro fane 7 ir rev' cr ent era die pitch ers re buke rep re hen' sion pil low bel lows 4 74 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. SECTION XIV. * Miscellaneous. Water. ce leb' ri ty re nown' fame bay in gen u ous ean' did frank eove eri te ri on stand ard rule ereek fas tid i ous squeam ish nice flood de mark a' tion lim it bound frith ex pe di" tion dis patch speed gulf par tic/ i pate par take share lake nu' ga to ry fu' tile use' less pond a bom' in ate ab hor' de test/ pool in &u gu rate in duet in vest rill pro eras ti nate de fer de lay sea prog nos tie ate fore show fore tell brook* re pu di ate dis eard re jeet spring * ob lit er ate e rase ef face stream ab bre vi ate a bridge short' en sound ex pa tri ate ex'ile ban ish burn ae eel' er ate hast/ en quick 7 en Land. .as sid u ous sed u lous dil i gent earth mat/ ri mo ny wed lock * mar riage eape rep u ta' tion trep i da tion re pute' tre' mor ered it trem bling isle plat se ver y i ty rig or strict ness state in iq ui tous wick ed un just/ town in ad vert/ ent heed less eare' less Beds. ar til' le ry ord nance ean non eouch eom pat i ble eon sist' ent suit a ble eot in teg ri ty prob' i ty Aon est y bunk mu nif i cent gen er ous lib er al Earths. pe ti" tion er sup pli eant sup pli ant elay si mil i tude sim i le like ness . loam me phit ie poi son ous nox ious marl eon trae tion short en ing shrink ing mold se eu ri ty pro tee' tion safe ty soil in thrill ment serv i tude bond age lime ma lig ni ty vir u lence mal ice ch^Zk TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK 75] SECTION XV. Adjectives. Instruments of au spi" clous fa' vor a ble Music. eos met ie beau ti fy ing ban' dore ar^ du ous la bo' ri ous bag pipe hor ta tive ad vis o ry bugle no ta ble re mark a ble corn et pla ea ble ap peas a ble cym bal pal pa ble per cep ti ble fiddle par a mount su pe ri or hautf boy* tur bu lent tu mult u ous jews harp vis i ble dis cern i ble or gan vin ci ble eon' quer a ble sack but in tri eate eom pli ea ted spin et lu era tive prof it a ble ta bor pro pi" tious mer ci ful tim brel im promp tu ex tern' po re bas soon' sub al tern in fe ri or guii ar Nouns. bass 7 vi' ol in' fi del un be Kev' er trump' et me men' to re mem' bran cer Verse, poetry. mi as ma ef flu vi a dae' tyl lex 7 i eon die tion a ry ep ie dis burse' ment ex pend' i ture ee logue in vest ment in vest i ture g ate weak' en ex ten u ate pal' li ate less en ob strep er ous lam or ous nois y e pit o me a bricZg' ment ab stract ex te ri or ex tern ol out ward e lu ci date il lus trate ex plam' hab it a' tion re/ i dence a bode eon' tu me ly in so lence re proach an i mad vert rit i cise cen 7 sure ex on' er ate dis bui/ den un load' ex term in ate ex tir pate de stroy su per flu ous re dun dant use' less oe eu pa' tion em ploy ment bus i ness laz a ret to hos pi tal pest house re verb' er ate re eeh o re sound o be di ent sub mis sive du' ti ful al ter a' tion on ten tion dis pute' il lus' tri ous em 7 i nent famous in noe u ous in no cent harm less TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK 81 SECTION XVII. Miscellaneous. Civil and Military ' Officers an tag 7 o nist ad' ver sa ry a me na ble an swer a ble ward' en epon ta ne ous vol un ta ry seal er a nom a lous ir reg' u Iar eap tain e eon o my fru gal i ty eol o nel in e bri ate in tox i eate eon sul ob liv i on for get ful ness dau phin per pet u al eon tin u al en si^n pri mor di al o rig in al en voy ev' i dent ly ob' vi ous ly jus tice the ol' o gy di vin' i ty ma jor va' ri e gate di vers i fy may or non en 7 ti ty nen ex istf ence mar quis pro pens i ty in elin a tion ser geant ny poth e sis sup po si" tion sher iff tau tol o gy rep e ti" tion vice roy u biq' ui ty om m pres' ejice vis' eount* eon ster na' tion as ton' ish ment es quire 7 con va les cent re eov er ing Ecclesiastical. der e lie tion ' a ban don ment bish' op ex e ge sis ex pla na' tion eu rate rem i nis cence ree ol lee tion vie ar dis erep' an cy dis a gree ment dea eon at tent ive ly diF i gent ly el der mod/ er ate ly tern per ate ly ex areh ex uV a ble par don a ble prel ate eom bust i ble in flam' ma ble pri mate dis eon nee' tion sep a ra ; tion ree tor fa mil' iar ize ha bit/ u ate doe tor in ad e quate in suf fi" cient prz'est in ae eu rate er ro ; ne ous leg ate ered' it a ble rep' u ta ble dean mal e die 7 tion ex e era' tion preach er em bold 7 en e& en eour 7 a g0d ex areh' ate per plex i ty em bar pass merit * VI' kount: 82 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. des' pi ea ble pre pos 7 ter ous eon mis er ate eon gru i ty an te ee 7 dent en co' mi um for tu i tons ce ler i ty e quiv o al pro pin qui ty eon see' ta ry ex or bi tant ex u ber ant fe lie i ty cir eum stan' tial im par 7 tial fy in stru mentf al Miscellaneous. eon tempt' i ble ir ra tion al com pas sion ate eon sist en ey an te ri or pan e gyr 7 ie ae ci dent al ye loe' i ty am big u ous* prox im i ty cor 7 ol la ry ex trav 7 a lux u ri ant be at i tude par tie u lar eq 7 ui ta bly eon du 7 eive mean ab surd 7 pit'y fit ness pri or eu lo gy eas u al swift ness douJt ful near ness de due x tion ex ees sive a bund ant hap 7 pi ness mi nute 7 just 7 ly aid ing THE PLAYTHINGS. 1. "0! mother, here 's the very top, That brother used to spin, The vase with seeds, I *ve seen him drop To call our robin in; 2. "The line that held his pretty kite, His bow, his cup, his ball, The slate on which he learned to write, His feather, cap, and all/' 8. "My dear, I'd put the things away, Just where they were before, Go, Anna, take him out to play, And shut the closet door." 4. Sweet innocent! he little thinks, The slightest thought expressed, Of him that 's dead, how deep it sinks Within a mother's breast. TOWN 'S SPELLING BOOK. 83 Miscellaneous. pro fi" cien cy ad vance' ment prog' ress eoin pul so ry eom pel ling for cing ad ven ture s&me haz' ard ous dar ing de mon stra tive eon elu' sive cer tain es tab lish ed eon firm e& . fix ed un ctr eum speet in e&u tious heed less e vent u ate term' in ate is sue eon term in ous bord er ing touch ing con tu ma cious ob sti nate per verse' sus ten ta tion mam te nance sup por,t dis po si" tion ar range' ment meth' od des pe ra tion hope' less ness de spazV en ter tarn ment a muse' ment treat' ment eom pat 7 i bis eon sist ent fit ting eon sum ma' tion eom pie" tion end ing par tic' i pant par tak er shar er in elin a' tion tend' en cy lean ing de vel' op ment dis elos' ure un fold' ing dis eon so late de jeet ed eftm' fort less as ton ish ment a maze ment eon fu' sion de ci pher ed ex plain ed un fold ed eom pre hen' sive ea pa cious ex tens ive per' emp to ry ab' so lute pos' i tive sane ti mo ny de vout' ness ho li ness su per vi' sor o ver seei/ in speet' or en er get ie vig' or ous for 7 ci ble in' do lent ly slug gish ly la zi ly mol est a' tion* an noy' ance dis turly ance neg' li gent ly heed 7 less ly re miss ly ob seu ra' tion ob seiir' ing dark' en ing ob' sti nate ly stub' born ly will ful ly o ver ml' ing eon trol' ling di reet 7 ing pas siv' i ty pas sive ness sub mis sion pit' i fill ness ten der ness eom pas sion in ad' e quate in eom plete' de feet ive in an i mate spir 7 it less hi aet ive i 84 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Miscellaneous. e mol' li ent le' ni ent soft' en ing ef fr5nt er y im pu dence sau ci ness per cip i ent per cep' tive per cezY mg un der tak 7 in ad vent ure en' ter prise re sid 7 u um re mam der res i dra nee' es sa ry es sen tial req ui site ti mid 7 i ty cow' ard ice fear ful ness con sec u live sue ceed ing* fol low ing in cip i ent be gin ning om men? ing in ad vert 7 ence neg 7 li gence o' ver si^7it im pris 7 0n ment eon fine 7 ment re stramtf im mae u late un de f Jl ed spot' less im per a tive im pe' ri ous com mand' ing cfr eura fer ence pe riph e ry pe rim e ter i ras ci ble ir ri ta ble pas' sion ate in firm I ty weak ness dis ease' re sus ci tate re viV i fy re vive cer e mo' ni ous form'al Buildings. eon ti gu i ty on taet ai/ se nal e -eo nom le al fru gal hos pi tal in di vid u al sin gle mu se' um plu vi am e ter m'n gage meet 7 ing house pn mo ge ni al first born nun ne ry ty per bo re arx norai ern syn a gogue an i mos i ty ha tred the a ter o le ag in ous oily a* the' dral per spi u i ty elear ness paa the on sub i ta ne ous sud den ro tun da su per cil i ous hau^A ty state 7 prison sub sid ; i a ry azd ing Quadrupeds. di lap i da ted de say 7 ed ieh neu' mon hi e ro glyph 7 ie em 7 blem o pos sum hi fat u a tion fol ly kan 77 ga roo' im 7 po tent ly weak ly eha me' le on ex pe' di en cy fit ness zo oph a gan in ten tion al ly de si^n' e,d ly ar ma dil 7 lo TOWN' S SPELLING BOOK. 85 SECTION XVIII. Miscellaneous. in seru' ta ble un search' a ble hid 7 den de fin i tive de term in ate fi nal vil 7 lain ous ly in 7 fa mous ly base ly eom pla 7 cen cy ap pro ba 7 tion pleas ure pro m\il ga 7 tion pub li ea tion no tice eon tern pla tion med i ta tion stud y eor re spond ent an 7 s&er a ble suit ed pune 7 tu al ly seru pu lous ly ex aet 7 ly in au spi" cious un for 7 tu nate un luck y at tent 7 ive ly dil 7 i gent ly eare 7 ful ly dee la ra 7 tion af firm a 7 tion as ser 7 tion dis re speet ful ir rev 7 er ent un civ il de spite 7 ful ly ma li /7 cious ly seorn 7 ful ly cir eum yen 7 tion im po si" tion de cep' tion a muse 7 ment ree re a tion di ver sion di vers i ty dif ' fer ence un like ness dis fig' ure ment de form 7 i ty de face 7 ment af fee tion ate ly ten 7 der ly Kv 7 ing ly dis a gree 7 a ble un pleas 7 ant of fens 7 ive dis sat is fae 7 tion dis eon tent 7 dis like 7 eom mis er a tion eom pas 7 sion pit'y eom pli ment 7 a ry o blig ing civ il eon spie 7 u ous ly o 7 pen ly plain ly cir -eum ro f ta ry re volv 7 ing turn ing de term in a 7 tion de cis ion pur pose de bil i ta tion fee 7 ble ness weak ness del e te 7 ri ous de struet 7 ive dead ly eon tu me li ous re proach ful a bus 7 ive de rog 7 a to ry de traet ing de grad ing vol a til 7 i ty live 7 li ness lev 7 i ty in ju' ri ous ly hurt ful ly wrong ful ly so lie i tude anx i 7 e ty earn est ness so lie it a 7 tion sup pli -ea 7 tion en treat 7 y ae ri mo 7 ni ous eor ro 7 sive sharp eon tra diet o ry in eon sist 7 ent eon 7 tra ry 86 TOWN' S SPELLING BOOK. Miscellaneous. Great Circles on e qui lib' ri um as si du i ty e' qui poise dil i gence the Globe. e qua 7 tor het 7 e ro dox y dis sat is fas' to ry flex i biT i ty in ter mu ta 7 tion her e sy dis pleas 7 ing pli 7 an'cy in ter change ho ri zon e slip tie lures' me rid' i an re pu di a tion re jes 7 tion Smaller Circles. el e ment 7 a ry pri' ma ry - trop' iss in u til i ty use less ness po lar- in ter lo eu 7 tion di a logue cir sles dis rep 7 u ta ble dis grace 7 ful Planets. dis Aon or a ble re proach ful Mei 7 * u ry dis con tin 7 u ance ces sa tion Ve mis dis a gree a bly un pleas ant ly Earth sub or din a' tion sub jes tion Mars cir -eum am' bi ent sur round ing Ju' pi ter son fra ter ni ty broTH' er hood Sat urn eom mu ni sa 7 tion in' ter course Her' schel a bom' in a ble de test' a ble Nep tune vo -eab u la ry dis 7 tion a ry /^ in ter po si" tion t> in ter ven 7 tion Asteroids. in ter pret a tion ex pla na tion Ce' res in sin cer' i ty de cez't 7 ful ness Pallas in bar mo ni ous un mu sis al Ju no in hu man i ty bar bar i ty Ves ta in sar cer a' tion im pris on ment Protections in in fer til' i ty un frm't ful ness War. dis sim u la 7 tion hy pos ri sy shield dis in gen' u ous il lib er al buck 7 ler dis -erim in a' tion dis tin /7 guish ing helm et dis ap pro ba tion dis ap prov 7 ing eui rass' in trin'' sis al ly in tern' al ly re dout in va ri a ble un change a ble stock ade in vid i ous ly en' vi ous ly foi' tress su per in tend 7 ence su per vis' ion eas tie ma te' ri al ly es sen' tial ly bas tion TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 87 Miscellaneous. -eon sid' er ate ly pru' dent ly eon so ci a' tion com pan' ion ship eon du pli ca tiou d0ub' ling con de scend' ing ly court e ous ly de fam' a to ry ca lum ni ous in flam ma to ry in flam ing in ju di" cious ly un wise ly in suf fi" cien ey in ere du li ty im ma tu ri ty im pen' i tent ly im per ti nent ly im pro'pri' e ty il las' tri ous ly im a in a ry in ci dent/ al ly de fi" cien cy un be lief un ripe' ness ob' du rate ly of fi" cious ly un su^t a ble ness eon spic u ous ly vis' ion a ry u al ly / / in au spi" cious ly un fa' vor a bly Bays. Baf ' fin's Ben gal Bis cay Cam petfch' y Ches' a peake Del a ware Fun dy Hud son's Mo bile' Seas. A' zoph Bal ti<5 Black Chi 7 na Cas pi an I rish Mar mo' ra he red' it a ry ob lit er a' tion pre or di na tion pre oe eu pa tion pre pos' ter ous ly pro eras ti na ting prof it a ble ness prob lem at/ ic al prog nos' tic a ting su per im pend' ing sup pie nient/ a ry un al' ter a ble tu mult u a ry vo lup tu ous ly in vol un ta ri ly in bar mo' ni ous ly in sig nif i can cy im mu ta bil' i ty im prob a bil i ty pat ri mo' ni al ef face' ment fore or dam' ing pre pos ses sion ab surd' ly de lay ing gam' ful ness ques tion a ble fore show' ing o ver hang' kg ad di" tion al un change a ble dis or der ly lux u ri ous ly un will ing ly dis cord ant ly un im port' ance un change' a ble un like li hood North Yel' low White Gulfs. Both' ni a Cal i for' ni a Fin' land Ge no' a Mex 1 i co Per si an St. Law' rence Si' am Ta ran' to Ven 7 ice Channels* Brit 7 ish Bris tol ness St. George's Mo zam 88 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. SECTION XIX. DEFINING BY PHRASES. a stray out of the right way Cities of Europe. a wait to wait for Ath' ens be siege to lay siege to Ber lin be ware to be cautious Bor deaux'* cha grin state of ill-humor Brus' sels eos' tume manner of dress Ca diz dis grace' state of shame Cra sow ex cept to take out Cork ex treme the utmost limit Dub lin forth with without delay Drcs den suf fice to be enough Ed in burg well' bred polite in manners Glas gow * ba sis the foundation Han o ver bev y a flock of birds Ham burg bra zen. made of brass Lftn dSn clazm ant one who claims Li* bon earth' e& made of earth Liv 7 er pool fu tare time to come Ly ons gut ter passage for water Mad rid long iiig earnest desire Mos cow que rist one who inquires Na pies qu$r ry a stone mine Par is, or f rep tile a creeping animal Prague ship wreck loss of a ship Rome spSng y soft and porous Rou en J treas ure wealth laid up Stock holm ves per the evening star St. Petersburg up land high land Tou Ion 7 wick et a small gate Yen' ice war like adapted to war Vi en' na wf rd robe a place for apparel Ve ro na watch man a night guard War 7 saw war fare service in war Wit ten burg w8r TEy having merit *Bord sound Ge ne 7 va i eat a phon ies ) Crook 7 ed TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 113 SECTION XXIX. An instrument for measuring Officers. ther mom' e ter temperature ad 7 mi ral ba rom e ter weight of air au to erat hy drom e ter gravity of liquids aid de eamp ma nom e ter density of air em per or en di om' e ter purity of air eom mo dore go ni om e ter l " solid angles eftn sta ble e lee trom e ter electricity eor o ner an e mom e ter force of wind eor po ral a er om o ter bulk of gases chan eel lor era ni om e tesr skulls g5v era or eal o rim e ter heat gen er al ste re om e ter solids mag is trate gas om 7 e ter om brom e ter gases rain no tary pres i dent . pho torn e ter light sur ro gate py rom e ter degrees of heat lien ten' ant Pertaining to man da r'in' pro vin' cial a province brig ^U'er ^o lo ni al a colony QuaJOTupeds. pa ro ehi al a parish an f te lope me die in al medicine buf fa lo mo nareh ie al monarchy eat a mount dem o erat' ie al democracy el e phant an a lyt ie al analysis li on ess Government of a State or Kingdom by mas to don au toe' ra cy one's self u ni eorn de inoe ra cy people mo nouble their consonant : fop plan skim spot sun fun pop skip spri tan glut pun ship stab tin hop rag shut stem skin hog rig sip stir sup hum rip slip step wag jag cot slit stop whip knot sad spin straj wet mop scrag smut strut wit RULE 7. Monosyllables ending with a sing 1 ^ consonant, preceded by a digraph, or diphthong, do not double the consonant in their derivatives ; as, chi<5f clear aid ail chiefZy clearfo/ aidmg- ailmem TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 119 The following words are of the same class: bail maid seem void heed chain coast dead maim nail oaf team weep dream coal moan load goad floor flout deal eat fear gain pain reap sail feel boil toil spoil coin loan cloud keep heal flood knead lean laud Exception. If, in forming the derivatives, one letter of the digraph is dropped, the consonant is sometimes doubled ; as, appeal, appelZcm ; fail, fallible. NOTE. The verbs befall, install, miscall, recall, forestall, inthrall, foretell, distill, instill, fulfill, retain both consonants. Such words as end in dd,ff, ss, also retain both in their derivatives; as, odd, odd/less ; stiff, stif% ; bliss, bliss/it/ ; hiss, hissing. RULE 8. When , or s, precedes e final, in such words as admit ion, e is dropped, and ion added ; as, legate promote dilate diffuse legation promotion dilatz'cw diffusion NOTE. Many words in ate, drop fe, and take either ble, or cy ; as, estimate agitate accurate delicate estiinafc/e agitafc/e accuracy delicacy RULE 9. Most words ending in fy change y into *, and take cation ; as, deify, Aei&cation fortify, fbrtincafoon Exceptions. A faw words ending in fy drop y, and take action ; as, stupefy, stupefa, was joined again, or united again. re dis. close- ed * / re dis. ap pear - ed to shut to be in sight re dis. mount - ed re dis. embark - ed to ascend too crooked for love, too rugged for honesty, too dark for science, and too hilly for happiness. Evil thoughts are dangerous enemies, and should be repulsed at the threshold of our minds. Fill the head and heart with good thoughts, that there be no room for bad ones. Prosperity gains a thousand intimates, adversity often shows us that not one of them is a real friend. Sunshine friends are the green flies of society. 154 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. WORDS PRONOUNCED ALIKE, BUT DIFFERENT IN ORTHOC RAPHY. ail, to trouble, ale, malt liquor. air, the atmosphere. Aeir, one who inherits. ^11, the whole, awl, an instrument. &!' tar, a place for offerings al ter, to change, ant, a little insect, awnt, a sister to a parent. ark, a vessel. are, a part of a circle, as cent 7 , steepness, as sent, agreement. &u' ger, a tool. &u gur, one who foretells, bail, surety, bale, a pack of goods. ball, a sphere. bawl, to cry aloud, base, low, vile, bass or base, in music. beer, a liquor. bier, to carry dead bodies, bin, a box. been, participle of be. ber 7 ry, a little fruit. bu ry, to inter, beat, to strike, beet, a root. blew, did blow. blue, a color, boar, a male swine, bore, to make a hole. bow, to bend the body. bou^A, a branch, bell, to ring, belle, a fine lady. beau,~a gay gentleman. bow, to shoot with, ."bread, a kind of food, bred, educated. bur 7 TOW, for rabbits. bSr Qugh, an incorporated by, near at hand. [town,* bwy, to purchase. bay, an inlet of water. bey, a Turkish governor, be, to exist, bee, an insect. beach, sea shore. beech, a tree, boll, a pod of plants, bowl, an earthen vessel, bole, a kind of clay. bolt, a fastening to a door. bottlt or bolt, to sift, but, a conjunction, butt, two hogsheads. brake, a weed. break, to part asunder. Cain, a man's name, eane, a shrub or staff. ^all, to cry out, or name. caul, a net inclosing the bowels. an 7 non, a large gun. can on, a law of the church. TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 155 ces' sion, a grant, [court, ce' dar, a kind of wood. ses sion, the sitting of a ced er, one who cedes, can vas, coarse cloth. cede, to give up. can vass, to examine. seed, fruit, offspring. ceil, to make a ceiling. cent, the hundredth part of seal, to fasten a letter. a dollar, ceil' ing, of a room. sent, ordered away, seal ing, setting a seal. scent, a smell. course, way, direction eel 7 lar, the lowest room. coarse, not fine. sell er, one who sells, cote, a sheep-fold. clime, a region, coat, a garment. clim6, to ascend. eore, the heart. coun' cil, an assembly. vorps, a body of soldiers. coun sel, advice. - cell, a narrow room. cym bal, a musical instru- sell, to dispose of. ment. cen' tu ry, a hundred years, sym bol, a type. cen t^u ry, a plant. c81 or, hue. chol er, wrath. -eul ler, one who selects, col lar, for the neck. dam, to stop water. cord, a small rope. damw, to condemn. chord, a line. dear, costly, cion, a young sprout. deer, a wild animal. Sion, a mountain. dew, falling vapors. cite, to summon. due, owing. site, situation. die, to expire. si#At, the sense of seeing. dye, to color. ^ chron' ic al, of long continu- doe, a female deer, chron i cle, a history, [ance. dow^A, bread not baked. com pie ment, a full number, dire, horrid. com pli ment, an act of dy 7 er, one who colors, politeness. dun, tt> urge for money. eons in, a relation. dun, a brown color, coz en, to cheat. dSne, performed. [off. cur rant, a berry. e li" sion, the act of cutting cur rent, a stream. e lys ian, a place of joy. cask, a vessel for liquids. ere, before, casque, a helmet, ear, the organ of hearing. 156 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. ewe, a female sheep, you, a second person, yew, a tree. fane, a temple. fain, gladly. fgi^n, to dissemble, fair, handsome, fare, customary food. feat, axi exploit. feet, plural of foot. freeze, to congeal, frieze, in a building. flea, an insect. flee, to run away, flour, of rye or wheat. flow 7 er, a blossom. forth, abroad. -* fourth, in number, foul, filthy, fowl, a bird. gilt, with gold. gwilt, criminality, grate, iron bars, great, large. grown, increased, [pain. groan, an expression of hail, to call, or frozen rain, hale, healthy. hart, a beast. heart, the seat of life, hare, an animal, hair, the fur of animals. here, in this place. hear, to hearken, hew, to cut. hue, color. hie, to hasten. , elevated, lofty. him, objective of he. hynw, a sacred song, hire, wages. hi^A 7 er, more high. heel, the hinder part of the heal, to cure. [foot h&ul, to drag, hfcllj a large room. I, myself. eye, the organ of sight, isle, an island, aisle, of a church. in, within. inn, a tavern, in dite 1 , to compose, in did;, to prosecute. kill, to slay. kilw, for burning bricks, key, for a lock, quay, a wharf. &nave, a rogue. nave, of a wheel. Anead, to work dough, need, necessity. &neel, to bend the knee. neal, to heat. new, did know, new, fresh, not old. know, to understand. no, not. Jcmght, a title. ni#At, darkness. /fcnot, a tie. not, no, denying, lade, to fill, to dip. laid, placed. lain, did lie. lane, a narrow street. TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 157 leek, a root, leak, to run out. les' son, a task, a precept. less en, to diminish, li ar, one who tells lies. I lyre, a harp. , led, did lead. lead, a heavy metal, lie, an untruth, lye, water drained through lo, behold, look. [ashes. low, humble. la, a gum. lack, want. leaf, of a plant. Kef, willingly, lone, solitary, loan, that is lent. lore, learning. low 1 er, more low. mam, ocean, the chief, inane, of a horse. made, finished. maid, an unmarried woman male, the he kind, mail, armor, or the bag for letters. man' ner, mode of action. man or, lands of a lord, meet, to come together, meat, flesh, food, mete, measure. mien, countenance. mean, low, humble, mewl, to cry. mule, a beast. [mine. mm' er, one who works in a mi nor, less, 01 under age. K moon, to grieve, mown, cut down. moat, a ditch. mote, a speck, mite, an insect. mi^At, strength. met 7 al, gold or silver, &c. met tie, briskness, nit, egg of an insect, faiit, to join with needles. nay, no. n&ighj as a horse, net, a woven snare, nett, or net, clear of charges. ou<$t, bound. au#At, any thing, oar, a paddle, ore, of metal. one, a single thing. wSn, did win. oh, alas, owe, to be indebted. our, belonging to us. , Aour, sixty minutes, plum, a fruit, plumft, a lead and line. pale, without color. pazl, a vessel, pam, distress, pate, a square of glass. pal' ate, part of the mouth. pal let, a painter's board, a pole, a long stick. [bed. poll, the head. peel; to pare off the rind. peal, sounds, pa^r, a couple, pare, to cut off the rind. L58 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. plain, even, or level. plane, to make smooth. pray, to implore. prey, a booty, plunder. prin' ci pal, chief. prin ci pie, rule of action. proph et, a foreteller. prof it, advantage. peace, quietude. piece, a part. pan 7 el, a square in a door. pan nel, a rustic saddle. raise, to lift. raze, to demolish, [clouds. rain, water falling from , to rule. rap, to strike. wrap, to fold together. read, to peruse. reed, a plant. red, a color. read, did read. reek, to emit steam. wreak, to revenge. rest, to take ease. wrest, to take by force. rice, a sort of grain. rise, source, beginning. rye, a sort of grain. wry, crooked. ring, to sound, a circle. wring, to twist. rite, ceremony. ri#7it, just. [pen. write, to make letters with a wri^At, a workman. rode, did ride. road, the highway. rig' ger, one who rigs vessels, rig or, severity. rout, a defeat. route, a way, or course, rough, not smooth, ruff, a neck-cloth. rote, a repetition of words. wrote, did write, roe, a. female deer, row, a rank. roar, to sound loudly. row' er, one who rows, rab bet, to join, rab bit, a quadruped. sail, the canvas of a ship. sale, the act of selling, sea, a large body of water, see, to behold. seen, beheld. scene, part of a play. seine, a fish net. sen' ior, older, sei^n ior, a Turkish king. seam, where the edges join. seem, to appear, shear, to cut with shears, sheer, clear, unmixed. strait, a narrow pass. strai^t, direct. so, in such a manner, sow, to scatter seed, sew, to use a needle. sum, the whole. s5me, a part. sun, the fountain of light. s5n, a male child. stare, to gaze. stair, a step. TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 159 steel, hard metal. the, definitive adjective, steal, to take by theft. thee, objective case of thou. sue' cor, help. too, likewise. suck er, a young twig. two, twice one. sleight, dexterity. tow, to drag. sli^At, to despise. toe, extremity of the foot. sole, of the foot. vail, a covering. sowl, the spirit. vale, a valley, slay, to kill. vi' al, a little bottle, sley, a weaver's reed. vi ol, a fiddle, si eigh, a carriage on runners, vein, for the blood. sloe, a fruit. vane, to show which way slow, not swift. the wind blows. stake, a post. vice, sin. >steak, a slice of meat. vise, a screw. stile, steps over a fence. watt, to tarry. style, fashion, diction. wei^At, heaviness, tacks, small nails. wear, to carry as clothes, tax, a rate, tribute. ware, merchandise. throw, to cast away. waste, to squander. throe, pain of travail. waist, a part of the body. tear, to rend. [weight, way, road, course, tare, a weed, allowance of wei#/*, to find the weight. tear, water from the eyes, week, seven days. tier, a row. weak, not strong, team, of cattle. wood, timber, teem, to produce. wowld, past time of will. their, belonging to them. weaTH' er, state of the air. there, in that place. weTH er, a sheep. '160 ~1 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. PUNCTUATION AND CAPITAL LETTERS. PUNCTUATION. PUNCTUATION is the art of dividing a written composition into sentences, or parts of sentences, -by points or stops, to mark the different pauses which the sense requires. The principal points are the Comma, thus , Interrogation, thus ? Semicolon ; Exclamation ! Colon : Parenthesis () Period . Dash A comma denotes a pause, as long as the reader would be in pronouncing the word, and. A semicolon denotes a pause as long as two commas. A colon denotes a pause as long as three commas. A period denotes a pause as long as four commas ; it shows that the sentence is complete. An interrogation point denotes that a question is asked. An exclamation point denotes astonishment. A parenthesis includes a part of a sentence, which might; have been omitted without injuring the sense, and must be read in an altered and lower tone of voice. A dash denotes a sudden stop, or change in the subject The following characters are also frequently used in com- position : An apostrophe, thus ' denotes the omission of a letter ; as, lov't 1 for loved. A caret, thus, A denotes where to take in what was left . o out by mistake ; ihua,frm. A TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 161 A hyphen, thus, - connects the parts of a compound word ; I as, lap-dog. A quotation, thus, " " denotes that the passage is taken I from some other author, in his own words. An index, thus, gg* points to a passage important to be noticed. A paragraph, thus, 1F denotes the beginning of a new subject. A star, thus, * and other marks, as f, {, , ||, and some- times the letters of the alphabet, and figures, refer to the margin or bottom of the page. CAPITAL LETTERS. Capital letters should be used : 1. At the beginning of every book, chapter, note, and sentence. 2. At the beginning of appellations of the Deity ; of proper names of persons, places, seas, rivers, ships ; and of adjectives derived from proper names. 3. At the beginning of most quotations, and of every line of poetry. 4. The pronoun /, and interjection O, should be written in capitals. FRACTIONS. ^ t i f * one third, one fourth, one half, three fourths, one fifth. a t A two thirds, three eighths, two ninths, one tenth. 5 .25 five tenths. twenty-five hundredths. 162 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. ABBREVATIONS EXPLAINED. A. A. S. Fellow of the Amer- Cons. Constable. lean Academy. Cts. Cents. A. B. Bachelor of Arts. D. D. Doctor of Divinity. Abp. Archbishop. Dea. Deacon. Acct. Account. Dec. December. A. D. Anno Domini, the Del. Delaware. year of our Lord. Dept. Deputy. AL Alabama. Deut. Deuteronomy. A. M. Master of Arts; be-" Do. Ditto. The same, fore noon ; in the year of Dr. Doctor, or debtor. Apr. April. [the world. E. East. Atty. Attorney. Eccl. Ecclesiastes. Aug. August. Ed. Edition, editor. Bart. Baronet. E. G. For example. B. D. Bachelor of Divinity. Eng. England, English. B. V. Blessed Virgin. Eph. Ephesians. Bbl. Barrel. Esa. Esaias. C. Centum, a hundred. Ep. Epistle. Cant. Canticles. Esq. Esquire. Capt. Captain. Etc. et caetera, And so forth. Chap. Chapter. Ex. Exodus, example. Col. Colonel. Exr. Executor. Co. Company. [modore. Feb. February. Com. Commissioners, Com- Fr. France, French, Frances. Cr. Credit. F. E. S. Fellow of the Royal Cwt. Hundred weight. Society [Eng.] Chron. Chronicles. Gal. Galatians. Cor. Corinthians. Gen. General. Conn, or Ct. Connecticut. Gent. Gentleman. C. S. Keeper of the Seal. Geo. George, Georgia. C. P. S. Keeper of the Pri- Gov. Governor. vy Seal. G. R. George the King [of C. A. S. Fellow of the Con- England.] necticut Academy. H. S. S. Fellow of the His- 01. Clerk, clergyman. torical Society. TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 163 Heb> Hebrews. L. S. Place of the Seal. Hon. Honorable. M. Marquis. Hund. Hundred. Maj. Major. H.B.M. His Britannic Maj- Mass. Massachusetts. esty [Eng.] Math. Mathematics. I H. C. M. His most Christian M. B. Bachelor of Physic or or Catholic Majesty [King Medicine. of France or Spain.] M. C. Member of Congress. Hhd. Hogshead. Mat. Matthew. Ibid. In the same place. M. D. Doctor of Physic. i. e. id est, That is. Md. Maryland. Ind. Indiana. Me. Maine. Inst. Instant. Mr. Master, Sir. Is. Isaiah. Messrs. Gentlemen, Sirs. Jan. January. MS. Manuscript. Ja. James. MSS. Manuscripts. Jac. Jacob. Mrs. Mistress. Josh. Joshua. N. North. Jun. Junior. N. B. Take notice. K. King. N. C. North Carolina. Km. Kingdom. N. II. New Hampshire. Kt. Knight. N. J. New Jersey. K.C.B. Knight Commander No. Number. of the Order of the Bath. Nov. November. K. G. C. Knight of the N. S. New Style. Grand Cross. N. W. T. North Western K. G. Knight of the Garter. Territory. L. C. Lower Canada. N. Y. New York. L. or Ld. Lord or Lady, Obj. Objection. Lev. Leviticus. Obt. Obedient. Lieut. Lieutenant. Oct. October. Lond. London. 0. S. Old Style. Lon. Longitude. Parl. Parliament. Ldp. Lordship. *Pa. Penn. Pennsylvania. Lat. Latitude. Per Cent. By the Hundred. Lou. Louisiana. Pet. Peter. LL. D. Doctor of Laws. Phil. Philip. Philippians. ibs. Pounds. Philom. A lover of learning. ". - r 164 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. P, M. Post Master, after- Serj. Sergeant. [gj- noon. S. T. P. Professor of Theol- P. 0. Post Office. S. T: D. Doctor of Divinity. P. S. Postscript. ss. To wit, namely. P3. Psalm. Tenn. Tennessee. Pres. President. Theo. Theophilus. Prof Professor. Thess, Thessalonians. Q. Question, Queen. Tho. Thomas, q. d. As if he should say. U. C. Upper Canada, q. 1. As much as you please. Ult. The last, or the last q. s. A sufficient quantity. month. Regr. Register. U. S. A. United States of Rep. Representative. America. Rev. Reverend, Revelation. V. vide, See. Rt. Hon. Right Honorable. Va. Virginia. R. I. Rhode Island. viz. to wit, namely. S. South, shilling. Vt. Vermont. S. C. South Carolina. Wt. Weight.. St. Saint. Wm. William. Sect. Section. Wp. Worship. Sen. Senator, senior. Yd. Yard. Sept. September. &. And. Servt. Servant. &c. And so forth. WORDS AND PHRASES FROM FOREIGN LANGUAGES, FREQUENTLY OCCURRING IN ENGLISH BOOKS; RENDERED INTO ENGLISH. L. stands for Latin; F.for French. Ad captandum vulgus, L. to captivate Avalanche, F. a gnow slip, a vast the populace. body of snow that slides down a Ad finem, L. to the end. mountain's side. Ad hominem, L. to the man. Beau monde, F.-the gray world. Ad infinitum, L. to endless extent. Bonafide, L. in good faith. Ad libitum, L. at pleasure. Bon mot, F. [bone^ mo'] a lively phrase. Ad referendum, L. for further consid- Cnp a pie, F. [cap ah pee'] from head eration. [value, to foot. Ad valorem, L. according to the Caput mortuum, L. dead matter. Alma mater, L. a cherishing mother. Chef d'oeuvre, F. [shef doov'er] A mensa et toro, L. from bed and master piece. board. Compos mentis, L. of sound mind. Anglice, L. in English, or the English Coup de main, F. [coo de raang 7 ] a manner. dextrous enterprise. TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 165 Dernier resort, F. [dam-yea' res-sor'] Per annum, L. by the year. the last resort. Per diem, L. by the day. Ennui, F. [ahng-wee'] lassitude. Per cent. L. by the hundred. E. pluribus unum, L. one of many, Prima facie, L. at the first view. union, confederation 5 the motto of Primum mobile, L. the first cause of the United States. motion. Ex, L. out, as ex-minister, a minister Pro bono publico, L. for the public out of office. good. Excelsior, L. more elevated j motto Pro et con, L. for and against. of the. State of New York. Pro patria, L. for my country. Ex officio, L. by virtue of office. Promenade, F. a walk or place for Ex parte, L. on one side only. walking. Ex post facto, L. after the fact, or Pro tempore, L. for the time. commission of a crime. Pro ro nata, L. as the occasion re- Fac simile, L. a close imitation. quires. Fille dechambre, L. [feel de shahm'- Pugnis et calcibus, L. with fists and bre] a chamber maid. feet. Fortiier in re, L. with firmness in Quantum, L. the quantity. acting. Quantum sufficit, L. a sufficient quan- Gens d' armes, F. [zhahn darm'] tity. guards. Quid nunc, L. a news monger. Habeas corpus, L. that you have the Re infecta, the thing not done. body, a writ for delivering a person Sanctum Sanctorum, L. the Holy of from prison. Holies. Hie jacet, L. here lies. Sang froid, F. [sahng frwah'j in cold Hotel dieu, F. [d tel' de-u'] a hospi- blood, indifference. tal. Sans souci, F. [sahng soo-see'] free Impromptu, L. without previous and easy. study, an extemporaneous compo- Secundem artem, L. according to sition. art. In statu quo, L. in the former state. Sic transit gloria mundi, L. thus pass- In toto, L. in the whole. es away the glory of the world. Ipse dixit, L. he said. Sine die, L. without a da} T specified. Jpso facto, in fact. Sine qua non, L. that without which Jeu d'esprit, F. [zhu' des-pree'] a a thing cannot be done or take play of wit. place. Lex taHonis, L. the law of retaliation, Soi disant, F* [swah de-zahng'] self- as an eye for an eye. styled. Literatim, L. letter for letter. Suaviter in modo, L. agreeable in Locum tenens, L. a substitute. manner; Magna charta, L. the great charter. Subjudice, L. under consideration; Memento mori, L. be mindful of Summum bonum, L. the chief good. death. Toties quoties, L. as ofteL as. Minimum, L. the smallest. Tolo coelo, L. wholly, as far as possi- Mirabile dictu, L. wonderful to tell. ble. Multum in parvo,L.much in a small Utile dulci, L. the useful with the compass. [ly. agreeable. Nem. con. or nem.dis.,L. unanimous- Vade mecum, L. a convenient com- Ne plus ultra, L, the utmost extent. panion. Rolens volens, L. whether he will or Veni, vidi, vici, L. I came, I saw, I not. conquered. Non compos mentis, L. notof a sound Versus, L. against. mind. Via, L. b}' the way of. i Par nobile fratrum,L. a noble pair of Vice versa, L. the terms being ex- brothers, changed. Pater patriae, L. the father of his Viva voce, L. with the voice. country. '166 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. Letters. Figurea. Names. Numeral Adjectives. I 1 one first II 2 two second III 3 three third IV 4 four fourth V 5 five fifth VI 6 six sixth VII T seven seventh VIII 8 eight eighth IX 9 nine ninth X 10 ten tenth XI 11 eleven eleventh XII 12 twelve twelfth XIII 13 thirteen thirteenth XIV 14 fourteen fourteenth XV 15 fifteen fifteenth XVI 16 sixteen sixteenth XVII 17 seventeen seventeenth XVIII 18 eighteen eighteenth XIX 19 nineteen nineteenth XX 20 twenty twentieth XXX 30 thirty thirtieth XL 40 forty fortieth L 50 fifty fiftieth LX 60 sixty sixtieth LXX 70 seventy seventieth LXXX 80 eighty eightieth XC 90 ninety ninetieth 100 one hundred one hundredth CO 200 two hundred two hundredth ceo 300 three hundred three hundredth coco 400 four hundred four hundredth D 500 five hundred five hundredth DO 600 six hundred six hundredth DOC 700 sevei^ hundred seven hundredth DCCO 800 eight hundred eig hundredth DCCCC 900 nine hundred nine hundredth M 1000 one thousand one thousandth TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. 167 SPECIAL RULES FOR PRONOUNCING CLASSES OF WORDS. EXPLANATIONS. By the root of a word, we mean that part which belongs exclusively to the primitive form, and is not combined with any other word, syllable, or letter; as, press. By a separable prefix, we mean that part which may be taken from the primitive root, and leave a significant Eng- lish word ; as from impress, im may be thus taken. By an inseparable prefix, is meant such combination of a word, syllable, or letter, with the root, that as an English word, a separation of the parts would destroy the English signification of both ; as, depute, which, in Latin, is composed of de and. put o, but in English they may not be separated. Penult means the last syllable but one. Antepenult is the last syllable but two. RULE 1. Words of two syllables, thejrs of which is a! separable or inseparable prefix, commonly take the accent ! on the second; as, de-base, pro-claim ; but if ihejirst sylla- ble partakes of the root, the accent generally falls on the first ; as, urg-ent, tal-ent. NOTE. This rule has an extensive application, and the main exceptions are found in those words which may be used, either as nouns or verbs. When used as nouns, the accent, in most cases, rests on the first syllable ; as, an ex- tract, his con-duct ; but when used as verbs, the accent commonly falls on the second ; as, to ex-tract, to con-duct. RULE 2. All words of three or more syllables, endfng in ability, ibility, ical, ity, or ety, have the main accent, in- variably, on the antepenult; as, sensibility, economical, curiosity. RULE 3. All words ending in tion, sion, ion, cious, tious, ciate, tiate, cient, tient, tial, tia, cian, cial, cia, ceous, geous, i 168 TOWN'S SPELLING BOOK. gious, and geon, when pronounced in one syllable, invariably take the main accent on the syllable preceding those term- inations; as, confederation. Nothing but ity after al, in words in ion, ever removes_the accent ; as, nation, national, nationality. KULE 4. All words of three or more syllables, having the following terminations, viz. cracy, gamy, graphy, logy, machy, metry, nomy, phony, pathy, tomy, thropy, lysis, ferous, gerous, vorous, always take the accent on the antepenult ; as, anatomy geography theology armigerous antipathy democracy polygamy pestiferous astronomy geometry philanthropy carnivorous analysis theomachy sym'phony * RULE 5. All words ending in ics, (politics excepted,) are accented on the penult ; as, optics, mechanics. RULE 6. Words ending in ic when a suffix, and with few exceptions when otherwise, are accented on the penult ; as, dramatic, alphabetic. NOTE. The suffix ic, when added to words of mort than one syllable, always changes the place of accent; as, method, methodic ; except in six cases. RULE 7. All words of three syllables in able, iblc, ably\ ibly, and all "words of four syllables, in ableness, ibleness, are accented on the first ; as, movable, blamable. RULE 8. All words in tive, preceded by a single conso- nant, mp or nc, and all words in ive, preceded by s or c f (except substantive and adjective,) are accented on the penult ; as, illusive, retentive, comprehensive. RULE 9. All words of three syllables in ary and ory \ (except canary and vagary,) are accented on the first ; as salary, memory. RULE 10. All words of more than two syllables in fy invariably take the accent on the antepenult ; as, glorify, personify. RETURN TO the circulation desk of any University of California Library or to the NORTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY Bldg. 400, Richmond Field Station University of California Richmond, CA 94804-4698 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS 2-month loans may be renewed by calling (510)642-6753 1-year loans may be recharged by bringing books to NRLF Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date. DUE AS STAMPED BELOW ULU 12,000(11/95) YA 04417 Or i SCHOOL BOOKS, by SAJreOUT Ti OAXTZ?, Portland, Me. i a TOWFS FIRST READER 84 P, v. This Reader is designed as the firct book -for children. It -.ries of progressive lessons, <. niLtimcing y/ich the alphabet ijig *"o words of two syllable**. TOWN'S SECOND READER. 192 Pages. This book is de.-iriv i as the Second Easy V for children . commences with words 'f >ne syllable, iij- ucli est s to secure atteutkm, and of such simplicity as to be e.tsily understww^. TOWN'S TRIED READER. 288 Pages. This book contains the ruvl coornon rules for reading, and advances the learner to a r^we. .ciitcl character of style. The selec- f-ons are s'jch as to afford interest-, and impai . us&iui instruction. ront.ii t American and En "~ wd histor IU* .PAKT Ii. consists of choice aerations frwi 1 Ii; ; ;h authors,, with notes explanatory uf the cla TOW ITS SPEILEE AND DFJFIHEE. This- wort ; States, IMIOW enlarge . TOWN'S AT . iiCOUHi WJ5IiD 4 S EKGLISH . . u Dr. YW ,ster's Kovr.: : foreig., Thi,s Grammar is illustrated by exercises iu composition, anal} parsing. By this arrangement, the author has d ves red this study \"f its difficulties, and lent if- u charm ^Itcgethe r :\. r..nd interestL WELD'S PARSIN n BOOK. . posing sentences, togcihsrHvith select IGUS of pro writers of standard {uthority. ' SMYTH'S ELEMEFTA'^tY inw!J{ , fro . This book is i S LARGEK ;.rled to \.< fal I SMYTH'S irLEMEIJTS OF AL0EB For ' : -