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 DESCRIPTION 
 
 or SOUK 
 
 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS, 
 
 FROM THE 
 
 TERTIARY OF PETERSBURG, VA. 
 
 Read before the American Philosophical Society, May 29, 1813, 
 
 !*, .' ' 
 BY 
 
 HENRY C. LEA. 
 
 PHILADELPHIA: 
 
 PRINTED FOR THE AUTHOR. 
 
MATTHEW UMAftY 
 
 . 
 
 *.. ' 
 
 ' . * 
 
 * % 
 

 ARTICLE IX. 
 
 Description of some new Fossil Shells, from the Tertiary of Petersburg, Virginia. By 
 Henry C. Lea, Philadelphia. Read May 29, 1843. 
 
 IN the United States, the various Supercretaceous, or Tertiary, formations, are widely 
 extended and beautifully developed. They have been traced from the St. Lawrence to 
 the Gulf of Mexico, and from the Atlantic far into the western territory. For the sake 
 of convenience, geologists have divided them into two groups, according to their geogra- 
 phical position, namely, the Atlantic and the Western Tertiary. Of the latter it is not, 
 at present, my intention to speak, but little, comparatively, is known of it, and it 
 presents a rich field to any enterprising geologist who may undertake its investigation. 
 
 The northern extremity of the Atlantic Tertiary, as far as it has been discovered, is 
 on the St. Lawrence and around Lake Champlain. From thence to Maryland, its 
 course may be traced by a few small patches in New Jersey, and, from Maryland to 
 the Gulf of Mexico, it exists in a broad sheet. 
 
 It is to be expected that, extending as it does over so wide a space, it should present 
 very different characters in different localities. Accordingly, we find that much confu- 
 sion has existed in its classification. Mr. McClure, the first who attempted to syste- 
 matize American geology, considered it all as alluvial, but subsequent geologists soon 
 corrected this error. Mr. Conrad, in the first number of his " Fossil Shells of the 
 Tertiary of North America," divided it into the Upper Marine, Middle Tertiary, and 
 Lower Tertiary. In this arrangement, the Upper Marine corresponds very nearly with 
 Mr. Lyell's Pliocene, the Middle Tertiary comprises the Miocene and Eocene of the 
 same author, and the Lower Tertiary consists of sand and gravel containing Lignite 
 and a few shells. Mr. Conrad has, more recently, adopted the classification of Lyell, 
 which is perhaps best, as the beds comprising his Lower Tertiary are hardly of sufficient 
 importance to constitute a separate formation. 
 
 The latest, and probably, most correct views upon this subject are, however, those 
 which Mr. Conrad advances in the second number of the Bulletin of the National 
 Institution. He there supposes that we possess the Eocene, Miocene, and Post-Plio- 
 cene, as nearly as the parallel can be drawn between our strata and those of Europe. 
 Several links of the chain, however, appear to be wanting, as but one or two species 
 are common to the Eocene and Miocene, and only recent shells have been found exist- 
 ing in both the Miocene and Post-Pliocene. The Eocene does not possess a single 
 
NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 species at present existing; in the Miocene the proportion is small; \vhile, in the Post- 
 Pliocene all are recent. According to Mr. Conrad, the per centage of still existing 
 shells in the Miocene is about seventeen, but I am inclined to think that it will prove, 
 on further in vestigajioji, to: be smaller. It, however, cannot be relied on as a certain 
 criterion, bemg exttiefeiefy-variable in different localities. Petersburg, Virginia, may be 
 taken a,ai an.-dflStjaiJCfejofciie extreme: the following is a list of the fossils which have 
 been fou'nd'tMreJ 'exclusive of those herein described. 
 
 Dentaliuin thallus, . . 
 " atlenuatura, . 
 Serpula granifera, 
 Balanus sp. ? 
 Pholas ovalis, 
 Panopaea reflexa, . , 
 Mactra congesta, . , 
 Crassatella undulata, 
 
 " melina, . , 
 Corbula cuneata, . . 
 
 " inaequalis, . , 
 Tcllina aequistriata, . . 
 Lucina speciosa, . . 
 
 " contracta, . , 
 
 " edentula, 
 
 " divaricata, . , 
 Astarte undulata, 
 
 " arata, . . 
 
 " concentrica, 
 Clathrodon Grayi, . , 
 Cytherea reposta, . 
 
 " convexa, . 
 Artemis acetabulum, 
 
 Con. 
 
 
 Con. 
 
 Say. 
 
 " dillbrmis, 
 
 Say. 
 
 " 
 
 Cardium sub-lineatum, . . 
 
 Con. 
 
 
 " laqueatura, 
 
 
 
 Say. 
 
 Cardita granulata, . . . 
 
 Say. 
 
 M 
 
 Cypricardia arata, . . . 
 
 M 
 
 Con. 
 
 Area centenaria,. 
 
 U 
 
 Say. 
 
 
 
 
 Con. 
 
 " incile, 
 
 
 
 Say. 
 
 Pectunculus subovatus, . . 
 
 H 
 
 4( 
 
 " quinquerugatus, 
 
 Con. 
 
 H 
 
 " pulvinatus,* . 
 
 Lamk. 
 
 H 
 
 Nucula la?vis 
 
 Say. 
 
 
 
 " obliqua, .... 
 
 " 
 
 Lamk. 
 
 Chama congregata, . . . 
 
 Con. 
 
 Say. 
 
 " corticosa, . . . 
 
 u, 
 
 Con. 
 
 Pecten eboreus 
 
 " 
 
 
 
 " Madisonius, . . 
 
 Say. 
 
 14 
 
 Plicatula marginata, 
 
 u 
 
 ,1 
 
 
 H 
 
 Say. 
 
 Ostrea Virginiana? var. . 
 
 Gmel. 
 
 Con. 
 
 Capulus lugubris, 
 
 Con. 
 
 Fissurella redimicula, . Say. 
 Crepidula fornicata, . . " 
 
 " costata, . . Morton. 
 
 Dispotpca ramosa, . . Con. 
 
 Natica dnplieata, . . Say. 
 
 " heros? ... " 
 
 Acteon Wetherilli, . . Lea. 
 Rotella nana, ... " 
 
 Trochus philanthropus, Con. 
 Turritella variabilis, . " 
 
 " indenta, . . " 
 
 " plebeia, . . Say. 
 
 Pleurotoma pyrenoides, Con. 
 Fasciolaria mutabilis, . " 
 
 Pyrula cariCa, . . . Say. 
 
 " canaliculata, . " 
 Fusus cinereus, ... " 
 
 " exilis, .... Con. 
 
 Murex quadricoetatus, . Say. 
 
 Buccinum laqueatura, . Con. 
 
 " porcinum, . " 
 Marginella perpusilla, . " 
 
 " limatula, . " 
 
 We have here sixty-eight species, in addition to one hundred and five which I shall 
 describe in this paper, and which I consider as hitherto unknown, or in all, one hundred 
 and seventy-three. Now, of these, but nine can be identified with existing shells, 
 namely,. 
 
 Lucina divaricata, 
 Artemis acetabulum, 
 Ostrea Virginiana? 
 
 Crepidula fornicata, 
 Natica heros? 
 " duplicata, 
 
 Pyrula carica, 
 
 " canaliculata, 
 Fusus cinereus. 
 
 and of these, two appear to me doubtful, namely, Natica heros, and Ostrea Virginiana. 
 Considering them, however, as the recent species, this gives us about five per cent, 
 of still existing shells. It appears almost absurd to compare this with the Miocene 
 of Dax, the best characterized in Europe, which, by the tables of Dr. Grateloup, con- 
 
 * In the first number of the "Fossil Shells of the Tertiary of North America," Mr. Conrad has described and 
 figured a shell as the Feet, pulvinatus, Lam. But, after comparing it with a number of specimens of that species, 
 and with Deshayes' figures, I am forced to consider it as specifically distinct. I, therefore, propose to name it 
 
 P. ELEPHANTOPUS. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 5 
 
 tains between thirty and forty per cent, of recent shells. Yet the Miocene of Peters- 
 burg has not a single species which can be identified with any of the Claiborne Eocene 
 fossils, while it abounds in shells which are found, at other localities, in company with 
 more than twenty per cent, of recent species. These few facts will sufficiently exem- 
 plify the fallacy of attempting to classify our Tertiary by the rules which regulate that 
 of Europe. 
 
 It may, perhaps, be deemed not irrelevant to this subject, to introduce here the fol- 
 lowing table of the number of the species in each genus, hitherto described from the 
 Tertiary of the United States. Unfortunately great confusion exists in their synonymy, 
 and he who would review the descriptions of them, with an impartial and unsparing 
 hand, would confer a great benefit on all interested in American geology. To this part 
 of the subject, I have not pretended to pay any attention, and therefore the number of 
 species is, in reality, smaller than that given here, many of them being repeated under 
 the same or different genera. I, however, have not felt inclined, at present, to undertake 
 the Augean task of clearing away the synonymes, but I hope that, as far as I pretend 
 to go, I shall be found correct; that is, as far as the mere numbers are concerned.* 
 
 List of the Fossil Shells found in the Tertiary Seels of the United States. 
 
 Genera. 
 Acteon, . 
 Aligena, 
 Amphidesma, 
 Anatina, 
 Ancillaria, 
 Anolax, 
 Anomia, . 
 Area, . 
 Artemis, . 
 Astarte, 
 Avicula, . 
 
 Balanus, 
 Bissomya, 
 Bonellia, 
 Buccinum, 
 Bulla, . 
 Bullina, . 
 
 Calyptrea, . 
 Cancellaria, 
 Capulus, 
 Cardita, . 
 Cardium, . 
 Cassis, . 
 
 No. of species. 
 
 Genera. 
 
 . 23 
 
 Cemoria, 
 
 . . 2 
 
 Cerithium, 
 
 . 12 
 
 Chama, . 
 
 . . 3 
 
 Chiton, 
 
 . 7 
 
 Conus, . 
 
 . . 2 
 
 Corbis, 
 
 1 
 
 Corbula, . 
 
 . . 14 
 
 Crassatella, . 
 
 . 2 
 
 Crepidula, 
 
 . . 20 
 
 Cryptostoma, 
 
 . 4 
 
 Cucullaea, 
 
 
 Cypraea, 
 
 . . 4 
 
 Cumingia, 
 
 1 
 
 Cypricardia, 
 
 . . 2 
 
 Cyrena, . 
 
 . 20 
 
 Cytherea, . 
 
 . . 5 
 
 
 . 1 
 
 Delphinula, 
 
 
 Dentalium, . 
 
 . . 4 
 
 Diplodonta, 
 
 . 17 
 
 Dispotsea, . 
 
 . . 1 
 
 Donax, . 
 
 6 
 
 
 . . 7 
 
 Egeria, 
 
 . 1 
 
 Emarginula, 
 
 No. of species. 
 
 Genera. 
 
 1 
 
 Erycina, 
 
 . . 10 
 
 
 . 3 
 
 Fasciolaria, 
 
 . . 1 
 
 Fissurella, . 
 
 . 5 
 
 Fistulana, 
 
 . . 3 
 
 Fulgur, 
 
 . 11 
 
 Fusus, . 
 
 . . 8 
 
 Gastrochama, 
 
 . 12 
 
 Gnathodon, 
 
 . . 1 
 
 Grateloupia, 
 
 4 
 . . 1 
 
 Gryphsa, 
 
 . 1 
 
 Hiatella, . 
 
 . . 1 
 
 Hippagus, 
 
 . 1 
 
 Hipponix, . 
 
 . . 26 
 
 
 
 Infundibulum, 
 
 . 12 
 
 Isocardia, . 
 
 . . 5 
 
 Lepton ? . 
 
 1 
 
 Lima, . 
 
 . . 6 
 
 Littorina, 
 
 . 1 
 
 Lucina, 
 
 
 Lutraria, . 
 
 . . 10 
 
 
 1 
 
 Mactra, 
 
 No. of species. 
 . . 2 
 
 5 
 
 . . 7 
 1 
 
 . . 7 
 . 51 
 
 . . 1 
 
 . 3 
 
 . . 1 
 
 . 1 
 
 . . 1 
 . 1 
 
 6 
 2 
 
 1 
 2 
 1 
 
 27 
 2 
 
 18 
 
 * I regret that I have not been able to obtain the names of the species figured by M. Lesueur from the Eocene 
 of Walnut Hill, Mississippi. I have seen the plates, but I do not know whether the descriptions were ever pub- 
 lished. It may be seen that I have included in this catalogue the species described in the following pages. 
 
NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 Genera. 
 
 No. of species. 
 
 Genera. 
 
 No. of species. 
 
 Genera. 
 
 No. of species. 
 
 Marginella, . 
 
 . 16 
 
 Patella, . 
 
 1 
 
 Serpula, . 
 
 . 5 
 
 Melongena, 
 
 . 3 
 
 Pecten, . . 
 
 . . 22 
 
 Sigaretus, . 
 
 . . 5 
 
 Mitra, 
 
 . . 13 
 
 Pectunculus, . . 
 
 . 22 
 
 Siliquaria, 
 
 . 2 
 
 Modiola, 
 
 . 2 
 
 Perna, 
 
 . . 2 
 
 Solarium, . 
 
 . . 18 
 
 Monodonta, 
 
 . . 1 
 
 Petaloconchus, . 
 
 . 1 
 
 Solen, 
 
 . 2 
 
 Monoceros, 
 
 . 5 
 
 Petricola, . 
 
 . . 3 
 
 Solecurtis, . 
 
 . . 2 
 
 Monoptygma, 
 Murex, . 
 
 . . 2 
 . 6 
 
 Pholadomya, . 
 Pholas, 
 
 . 2 
 . . 5 
 
 Spirorbis, . 
 Stalagmium, 
 
 . 1 
 
 . . 1 
 
 Mya, . 
 
 . . 3 
 
 Placuna, . . . 
 
 . 1 
 
 Strigilla, . 
 
 . 1 
 
 Myoparo, 
 Mysia, 
 Mytilus, . 
 
 . 1 
 . . 2 
 . 2 
 
 Plagiostoma, 
 Planaria, 
 Pleurotoma, 
 
 . . 1 
 . 1 
 . . 32 
 
 Tellina, 
 Terebra, 
 
 Tprprln 
 
 . . 9 
 
 . 8 
 
 Nassa, 
 
 . . . 5 
 
 Plicatula, 
 Proto, . 
 
 . 4 
 . . 1 
 
 A t i ' t < i ' j 
 
 Thracia, . 
 
 . 1 
 
 Natica, . 
 
 . 23 
 
 Psammobia, . 
 
 . 2 
 
 Triton, 
 
 . . 1 
 
 Nautilus, . 
 
 . . 1 
 
 Psammocola, 
 
 . . 2 
 
 Trochus, . 
 
 . 16 
 
 Nucula, . . 
 Nummulites, 
 
 . 31 
 . . 1 
 
 Pyramidella, . . 
 Pyrula, 
 
 . 3 
 
 .' . 7 
 
 Tuba, . 
 Turbinella, 
 Turritella, . 
 
 . . 3 
 . 5 
 . . 20 
 
 Oliva, '. 
 
 . 16 
 
 
 
 Typhis, . 
 
 . 2 
 
 Orbicula, . 
 
 . . 1 
 
 Ranella, . 
 
 1 
 
 
 
 Orbis, . 
 
 . 1 
 
 Rostellaria, . 
 
 . . 4 
 
 Venericardia, 
 
 . . 7 
 
 Ostrea, 
 
 . . 18 
 
 Kotella, . 
 
 . 5 
 
 Venerupis, 
 
 . 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 Venus, 
 
 . . 11 
 
 Pandora," 
 
 . 2 
 
 Saxicava, . 
 
 . . 2 
 
 Vermetus, 
 
 . 1 
 
 Panopxa, . 
 
 . . 4 
 
 Sanguinolaria, . 
 
 2 
 
 Voluta, 
 
 . . 12 
 
 Pasithea, 
 
 . 21 
 
 Scalaria, 
 
 . . 16 
 
 Volvaria, . 
 
 . 1 
 
 It is to the kindness of Mr. Tuomey, of Petersburg, that I owe the following shells, 
 as well as those in the list a few pages back. Most of the smaller species herein 
 described, I met with by carefully examining the sand scraped from the cavities of larger 
 shells, as well as a small portion of the marl of the vicinity, with which Mr. Tuomey was 
 kind enough to favor me. I mention this merely to show the importance of thoroughly 
 searching the strata of the various localities before we conclude that we have all the 
 species existing there. Attracted by the beauty of the larger shells, conchologists have 
 very much neglected the more minute ones, which require a closer examination, and 
 thus our knowledge of our fossil conchology is still limited. I may as well observe here, 
 that I found the species met with in the sand from the cavities of the larger shells, in 
 general, different from those in the loose marl. It is difficult to give a reason for this, 
 unless there were species which usually inhabited the interior of dead shells, like the 
 recent Valvata tricarinata, Say. 
 
 In looking over these shells, I have been struck with the general resemblance which 
 obtains between them and those of a corresponding age from Dax. This is peculiarly 
 observable in the genera Acteon, Pasithea, &c. which are very numerous in both 
 localities. Their connexion is so close that in some cases they are scarce specifically 
 distinct. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 FAMILY SERPULID^E. 
 
 GENUS SERPULA. 
 S. CONVOLUTA, PL. 34. FIG. 1. 
 
 S. testa in spiram discoiddem contortd, tenni, plerumque cancellatd, apud apicem rcgulariter valuta; apertura rotunda. 
 Shell twisted into a discoidal spire, thin, usually cancellate, regularly whorled near the apex; mouth round. 
 
 Diam. .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. This shell is generally twisted into a regular disc. The sculpture is very 
 variable, sometimes seeming like longitudinal moniliferous costee, and, at others, regu- 
 larly cancellate. The apex is singularly formed, being smooth and perfectly voluted, 
 like a young Turbo. This is, I suppose, the form it has when excluded from the egg. 
 
 S. ANGUINA, PL. 34. FIG. 2. 
 
 5, testa minima, irrcgulariter contortd, striatd, crassd; striis irregularibus transversis; apertura rotunda. 
 Shell very small, irregularly twisted, striate, thick; striae irregular, transverse; mouth round. 
 
 Diam. .04 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. This is a very minute species, and is, I believe, the only one of our fossil 
 Serpulse that has no longitudinal lines on the surface. This character will readily dis- 
 tinguish it from others. The apex has the same voluted character as the last, although 
 not as well developed. 
 
 GENUS PETALOCONCHUS,* (Nosis.) 
 
 Testa tubularis, solida, irrcgulariter contorta, laminis longitudinalibus duabus internis. 
 Shell tubular, solid, irregularly twisted, with two internal longitudinal plates. 
 
 Remarks. -The singular shell, on which I propose to found the above genus, differs 
 from all the known tubular shells that I have met with, in the two internal longitudinal 
 plates. It may possibly belong to the family Scalaridse, and, if so, presents a link be- 
 tween them and the Plicacidse. 
 
 P. SCULPTURATUS, PL. 34. FIG. 3. 
 
 P. testa vel contorta vel turritd, crassd, costulis longitudinalibus noduliferis; laminis internis politis, Icevibus, ad aper- 
 turam obsoletis; apertura rotundd. 
 
 Shell sometimes twisted, sometimes turrited, thick, with small longitudinal noduliferous ribs; internal laminiE 
 smooth, polished, obsolete at the mouth; mouth round. 
 
 Diam. .20 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The longitudinal costa? are generally nodulous, but they occasionally seem 
 rather to be cancellated by transverse sulci, which, in other specimens, appear to usurp 
 their place. The two internal lamina? are placed at about one-sixth of the circumference 
 apart. They are generally directed towards the centre, and sometimes nearly meet. In 
 some specimens they are much smaller than in others. They rarely or never seem to 
 be continued to the aperture. 
 
 This is a very variable shell, both as to the sculpture and internal plates. I at first 
 
 * A tt'fttojw, lamina, et vyxs> concha. 
 
8 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 thought that there were two or three distinct species, but the varieties glide impercepti- 
 bly into each other. It appears to be by no means an uncommon shell at Petersburg. 
 
 The form figured is a very usual one. I have but few specimens which do not 
 exhibit a decided tendency to form regular revolutions, and in some, the axis is so 
 straight that a pin may be thrust through the umbilicus from the apex to the base. 
 
 The second figure is a specimen fractured to exhibit the appearance of the laminae. 
 
 V. ^ FAMILY TUBICOLID.E. 
 
 GENUS TEREDO. 
 T. CALAMUS, PL. 34. FIG. 4. 
 
 T. testa incognita; tubo parvo, rotunda, tenui, rugoso, striis irregularibus trantversis. 
 Shell unknown; tube small, round, thin, rugose, with irregular transverse strise- 
 
 Diam. .08 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. I found several specimens of this little species of Teredo, on breaking open 
 a mass of Madrepore which they had pierced. It differs from the following shell, prin- 
 cipally, in being much smaller, thinner, and more rugose. 
 
 T. FISTULA, PL. 34. FIG. 5. 
 
 T. testa incognita; tubo rotunda, tereti, crassissimo, turn recto turn curvato; striis irregularibus transversis raris. 
 Shell unknown; tube round, terete, very thick, sometimes straight and sometimes curved; with a few irregular 
 transverse strise. 
 
 Diam. .50 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The transverse lines of growth vary exceedingly both in size and direction. 
 The substance of the shell is very thick, the outer diameter being frequently .50, while 
 that of the aperture is about .28 of an inch. I have them, however, even thicker. 
 
 GENUS GASTROCH.ENA. 
 
 G. LIGULA, PL. 34. FlG. 6. 
 
 G. Uibo incognito; testa transversd, oblanceolatd, valde inaquilatcraii, posiice' rotundatd, antice actiminatd, inflatd, con- 
 cenlrice striatd; striis parvis, irregularibus; antice hiatu maxima, valde obliquo; margine basali tortuoso; margine dorsali recto; 
 margine antico brevissimo; natibus sub-prominulis, 
 
 Tube unknown; shell transverse, oblanceolate, very inequilateral, rounded posteriorly, acuminate anteriorly, in- 
 flated, concentrically striate; strise small, irregular; anteriorly gaping widely and very obliquely; basal margin tor- 
 tuose; dorsal margin straight; anterior margin very short; beaks somewhat prominent. 
 
 Diam. .15 of an inch. Length .28. Breadth .12. 
 
 Remarks. The opening at the anterior extremity commences near the dorsal margin, 
 and extends to about the middle of the base. The beaks are placed very near the ante- 
 rior end of the shell. As in most Gastroch?ena3, there is a small interior cuneiform pro- 
 cess immediately under them. 
 
 In procuring several specimens of this shell from a piece of madrepore which they had 
 pierced, I unfortunately broke the tubes, and am therefore unable to describe them. 
 
 This species is not unlike the G. truncata, Sowerby, a recent shell from Panama, but 
 may be distinguished by its smaller size, rounded extremity, and longer opening. It is, 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 * 
 
 I believe, the first species of the genus as yet discovered in a fossil state in this country. 
 Mr. Conrad mentions having found the Fistulana elongata, Lam. at Claiborne, but, upon 
 comparison with M. Deshayes' figure of that shell, I do not think that it can be identical 
 with the present species. It is larger, more twisted, and has a different sculpture on the 
 anterior part. 
 
 The genus Gastrochaana, as formed by Lamarck, was placed among the Pholadidae, 
 and considered to have no tube. M. Deshayes, however, includes it in the genus Fis- 
 tulana, as it inhabits a tube and has no teeth. Mr. Sowerby, again, considers as Gas- 
 trochasnse those species which have a bent tube and an oval shell. According to this 
 arrangement, the present species would, most probably, come under this genus, and as 
 such I have placed it. 
 
 There are two Gastrocheense among the fossils of Great Britain, one from the Oolite, 
 the other from the London Clay. Deshayes describes five from the Paris Basin. 
 
 FAMILY PHOLADID.E. 
 
 GENUS PHOLAS. 
 
 P. RHOMBOIDEA, PL. 34. FlG. 7. 
 
 P. testa transverse!, oblique rhomboidea. valdl incequilatcrali, postice rotundato-angulatti, antice rostratd, injlatii, tenui, 
 media divisd lined impressdj area posticri striis lavibus conccntricis; area anticd striis acutis flcxuosis concentricis; margine 
 basali curto; margine dorsali recto, volde rcflexo; palmuld parvu, reeurva, tenui: lineis internis duabus clevatis loneitudi- 
 nalibus. 
 
 iSholl transverse, obliquely rhomboidal, very inequilateral, rounded-angular posteriorly, rostrate anteriorly, inflated, 
 thin, divided in the middle by an impressed line; posterior area with smooth concentric striae; anterior area with 
 acute, flexuose, concentric striae; basal margin short; dorsal margin straight, very much reflected; palmule small, 
 recurved, thin; two longitudinal internal, elevated lines. 
 
 Diam. .20 of an inch. Length .28. Breadth .18. 
 
 Remarks. The stria? on the anterior part of the shell are sometimes wrinkled so 
 regularly that they give it the appearance of being cancellate, although there are no 
 radiating lines. The posterior part of the shell is nearly smooth, from the dividing line 
 to the umbonial slope, where there are numerous regular lines of growth. There is a 
 kind of second dentiform process, immediately below the beaks, formed by the recurving 
 of the upper termination of the posterior margin. The two internal stria? extend from 
 the beaks to the base. The posterior one is situated immediately under the umbonial 
 slope. The anterior one is caused by the impressed dividing line. It extends, in a 
 point, a little beyond the basal margin. 
 
 This shell is very similar to a specimen of the P. ovalis, Say, without the tube, and 
 with the thin anterior basal portion removed, but I believe it to be a perfect shell, as I 
 obtained it myself from the hole which it had formed, and in which it appeared to have 
 remained undisturbed. It was surrounded by a little indurated mud which preserved 
 it entire. It seemed to be entirely destitute of a tube, which character separates it from 
 the P. ovalis. It also differs in the shape and size of the palmule, and in the two in- 
 ternal lines. 
 
10 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 FAMILY SOLENID.E. 
 
 GENUS SOLEN. 
 
 S. MAGNODENTATDS, PL. 34. FlG. 8. 
 
 S. testa antict truncatd, et valde hiante, Itevi, politd, crassd; natibiis compressis; dente laterali uno; dcnte cardinali uno, 
 longo, acuto. 
 
 Shell truncate, and gaping very much anteriorly, smooth, polished, thick ; beaks compressed ; with one lateral, ami 
 one long, acute, cardinal tooth. 
 
 Diam. . Length . Breadth 
 
 Remarks. Although I possess but a small fragment of this shell, yet it differs so 
 essentially in the teeth from all of our Solenes, that I have no hesitation in pronouncing 
 it distinct. I believe that it is the only extinct fossil species as yet found in our 
 Tertiary. 
 
 GENUS PANOP^EA. 
 P. DUBIA, PL. 34. FIG. 9. 
 
 P. testa quadrato-ellipticd, transversd, iruequilaterali, posticS truncatd, anticl rotundatd, sub-infatd, crassiusculii, strintii; 
 ttriis cancentricis, regularibus ; margine basali recto; margine dorsali recto ; nymphis magnis, exsertis, longissimis; cardine 
 cochlea parvd. 
 
 Shell quadrately elliptical, transverse, inequilateral, posteriorly truncate, anteriorly rounded, somewhat inflated, ra- 
 ther thick, striate; striae concentric, regular; basal margin straight; dorsal margin straight; beaks prominent; nymph 
 large, exserted, very long; hinge with a small fosset. 
 
 Diam. .10 of an inch. Length .08. Breadth 
 
 Remarks. The nymphae are unusually large, much exserted, and very long, extending 
 the whole length of the dorsal margin. Near the beak, they are suddenly depressed and 
 twisted round, and terminate in a small, shallow, internal fosset, or spoon-shaped tooth. 
 
 It is not without some hesitation that I have placed this shell among the Panopffice, as 
 it has a spoon-shaped tooth in place of an erect, pointed one, but there is no genus to 
 which it can be said positively to belong, and I do not consider its peculiar characters 
 sufficient to authorize the erection of a new one for its reception. It seems to connect the 
 Glycymeris with the Anatina, having the nymphae of the one, and the spoon-shaped 
 tooth of the other. 
 
 FAMILY MYID.E. 
 
 GENUS MY A. 
 M. REFLEXA, PL. 34. FIG. 10. 
 
 M. testa quadrilaterali, sub-inaquilaterali, postice rotundatd, antice truncatd et valdl apertd, inflatd, striatd; striis conccn- 
 tricis, irregularibus; clivo umboniali elevato, rotundato; margine basali curvato; margine dorsali arcualo; natibus prominen- 
 tibus, incurvis. 
 
 Shell quadrilateral, somewhat inequilateral, rounded posteriorly, truncate and very open anteriorly, inflated, 
 striate; stria; concentric, irregular; umbonial slope elevated, rounded; basal margin curved; dorsal margin arcuate; 
 beaks prominent, incurved. 
 
 Diam. .18 of an inch. Length .22. Breadth .29. 
 
 Remarks. The opening at the anterior portion of the shell is remarkably large, and 
 the margin there appears to be somewhat reflected. The stria3 are more numerous and 
 better characterized at the extremities, than in the central portion of the shell. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 11 
 
 As but one valve of this shell, and that the left one, is -before me, I cannot determine 
 the shape of the tooth. The pit to receive it is small and almost horizontal. 
 
 This is, I believe, the only extinct species of Mya as yet found in our Tertiary. 
 
 GENUS THRACIA, (LEACH.) 
 T. TRANSVERSA, PL. 34. FIG. 11. 
 
 T. testa sub-ellipticii, valde inaequilaterali, postice acuminato-rotundatd, antice truncatd, sub-compressd, tenui, 
 media Icevi, postice el antice concentricc striatii; clivo umboniali rotundato; margins basali curvato; margins dorsali 
 media angulato, postice convexo, antice concavo; natibus sub-aculis; callo nymphali parvo, obliquo. 
 
 Shell sub-elliptical, very inequilateral, acuminately rounded posteriorly, truncate anteriorly, sub-compressed, thin, 
 smooth centrally, striate posteriorly and anteriorly; umbonial slope rounded; basal margin curved; dorsal margin 
 angular in the middle, posteriorly convex, anteriorly concave; beaks somewhat acute; nymphal callosity small, 
 oblique. 
 
 Diam. .10. Length .18. Breadth .28 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. From the shape of the anterior margin, I conclude that the shell must have 
 gaped considerably there, but as I have no pair of valves, I cannot be certain. The sinus 
 of the palleal impression is deep, and near the anterior cicatrix. In this character, it 
 differs from the rest of the genus. 
 
 This is, I believe, the first Thracia found in our Tertiary deposites. Deshayes, in his 
 tables, gives four as the number of European Tertiary species. The present one is the 
 smallest of the genus. 
 
 GENUS ANATINA. 
 A. TELLINOIDES, PL. 34. FIG. 12. 
 
 A. testa ovato-triangulari, transversd, postice angulatd, antice rolundatd, compressd, postice undulatd, tenui, con- 
 centrice striatd; striis crebris minutis; margins basali sub-Jlexuoso; natibus compressis, prominentibus ; dentibus 
 lateralibus magnis; cockled obliqud, ovato-acuminatd, minime profundd; cicatricibus magnis. 
 
 Shell ovate-triangular, transverse, angular posteriorly, rounded anteriorly, compressed, posteriorly undulate, thin, 
 concentrically striate; stria? numerous, minute; basal margin slightly flexuose; beaks compressed, prominent; lateral 
 teeth large; fosset oblique, ovate-acuminate, shallow; cicatrices large. 
 
 Diam. .25. Length .45. Breadth of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. Of the lateral teeth, the posterior one is much the longer. The fosset is 
 small, quite oblique, acute above and rounded below. The broad undulation on the pos- 
 terior part of the shell gives it very much the appearance of a Tellina, when viewed 
 externally. The lines of growth are small, very numerous and irregular. 
 
 This species is quite thin and fragile. Out of some half a dozen specimens, I have but 
 one perfect valve, and that is a very young one. I am therefore unable to give all the 
 dimensions. 
 
 Judging from description, this shell is not unlike the A. antiqua, Conrad, but the dif- 
 ference in size and sculpture, and the posterior undulation distinguish them at once. 
 
12 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 FAMILY MACTRID.E. 
 
 GENUS ALIGENA, (Noais.) 
 
 Testa aquivdvisf subaquilateralis, posticS et antice clausa; cardo dente cardinali uno, sulco sub natibus longo, minime 
 profundo. 
 
 Shell equivalve? sub-equilateral, closed posteriorly and anteriorly; hinge with one cardinal tooth, and a long shal- 
 low sulcation under the beaks. 
 
 Remarks. The cardinal tooth is, in general, rather small. The sulcus appears to 
 have received the ligament. It commences at the beak, and runs obliquely past the 
 dorsal margin into the cavity under the beak. As I possess only odd valves of both the 
 following species, I am unable to determine whether the shell is equivalve or not. 
 
 I have in vain endeavoured to find some genus, already described, which might receive 
 these little shells, but their peculiar characters in having one cardinal tooth, and a liga- 
 mentiferous sulcation, descending into the shell, distinguish them from other genera. 
 Their place in the systems is, most probably, in the family Mactrida?, between Erycina 
 and Ungulina. 
 
 I have called the genus, Aligena, one of the surnames of Venus, from its resemblance 
 to Erycina, also an appellation of that goddess. 
 
 A. STRIATA, PL. 34. FIG. 13. 
 
 A. testa transversd, sub-cllipticd, postice et antice rotundatd, inflatd, tcnui, striatd; striis concentricis, propc marginem 
 basakm maximis; clivo umboniali elevato, sub-angulato; margine basali curvato; margint dorsali media angulato, postice et 
 antice curvato; natibus promijientibus, incurvis, sub-lavibus; dente cardinali minima; sulco longo. pene transverse: margine 
 interno integro. 
 
 Shell transverse, sub-elliptical, rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, inflated, thin, striate; stria; concentric, very 
 large near the basal margin; umbonial slope elevated, somewhat angulate; basal margin curved; dorsal margin angu- 
 lar in the middle, curved posteriorly and anteriorly; beaks prominent, incurved, nearly smooth; cardinal tooth very 
 small; sulcation long, nearly transverse; margin entire within. 
 
 Diam. .10. Length .19. Breadth .21 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The concentric striaa are irregular in size and number, but there is a 
 general increase from the beaks to the base. Those near the base, indeed, almost merit 
 the name of costee. The cardinal tooth is extremely small. 
 
 A. L.EVIS, PL. 34. FIG. 14. 
 
 A. testa transversd, sul-quadrilaterali, postice rotundatd, antice subtruncatd, convexd, inflatd, leevi; margine basali 
 recto; margine dorsali media angulato, postice et antice curvato; natibus sub-prominulis, incurvis; dente cardinali 
 longo; sulco lato, curto, penu transverso; margine interno integro. 
 
 Shell transverse, sub-quadrilateral, posteriorly rounded, anteriorly sub-truncate, convex, inflated, smooth; basal 
 margin straight, dorsal margin angular in the middle, curved anteriorly and posteriorly; beaks somewhat prominent, 
 incurved; cardinal tooth long; sulcation wide, short, nearly transvefse; margin entire within. 
 
 Diam. .14. Length .18. Breadth .22 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. There are a few, almost imperceptible lines of growth over the surface of 
 the shell, which, under a powerful microscope, give it a somewhat roughened appearance. 
 The cardinal tooth is very long, and the sulcus is shallow, so that the hinge, at first 
 glance, is not unlike that of the genus Thracia. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 13 
 
 This shell is closely allied to the preceding, but the differences in outline, hinge and 
 sculpture separate them. 
 
 FAMILY LITHOPHAGDXE. 
 
 GENUS PETRICOLA. 
 P. COMPRESSA, PL. 34. FIG. 15. 
 
 P. testa valdc transversd, valdc in&quilaterali, sub-ellipticd, compressd, postice sub-truncatd. antice rotundatd, tenui, 
 striatd postice et antice; striis minimis, concentricis; margins basalt recto; margine dorsali recto; natibus sub-acutis, 
 prominenlibus; dentibus duobus, parvis, divergentibus. 
 
 Shell very transverse, very inequilateral, sub-elliptical, compressed, posteriorly sub-truncate, anteriorly rounded, 
 thin, striate posteriorly and anteriorly; stria; very small, concentric; basal margin straight; dorsal margin straight; 
 beaks somewhat acute, prominent; teeth two, small, divergent. 
 
 Diam. .10. Length .12. Breadth .25 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The concentric lines of growth are very small. They are visible on the 
 anterior and posterior portions of the shell. On the central part they are obsolete, 
 leaving it smooth. The teeth are small and unusually divergent for a Petricola. 
 
 This shell is smaller and more compressed than any of our described species. In 
 form it much resembles Saxicava vaginoides, Desh., but it is more transverse and differs 
 in the hinge. 
 
 FAMILY NYMPHID.E. 
 
 GENUS PSAMMOCOLA, (BLAINVILLE.) 
 P. LUCINOIDES, PL. 34. FIG. 16. 
 
 P. testa sub-orbiculari, pene cequilaterali, postice et antice rotundatd, convexd, tenui, striatd; striis concentricis, 
 minimis; natibus prominentibus, sub-rectis; valvd sinislrd dentibus duobus cardinalibus, quorum unus bijidus, late- 
 raiibus nullis. 
 
 Shell suborbicular, almost equilateral, rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, convex, thin, striate; striae concentric, 
 very small; beaks prominent, nearly straight; left valve with two cardinal teeth, one of which is bifid, and no late- 
 ral ones. 
 
 Diam. .15. Length .31. Breadth .35 of an infth. 
 
 Remarks. This shell is unusually lenticular for a Psamnoocola. The concentric 
 striae are numerous and extremely small. There are, however, three or four larger ones, 
 nearly equidistant, over the surface of the shell. 
 
 The general resemblance which this shell bears to some species of the genus Lucina, 
 will readily distinguish it from its congeners. 
 
 I have adopted this genus on the authority of Sowerby, who says that in it Blainville 
 unites the Psammobia and Psammoteea of Lamarck, considering the difference between 
 these genera as artificial and accidental. 
 
 P. REGIA, PL. 34. FIG. 17. 
 
 P. testa transversa, ovato-quadratd, inaequilalerali, postice hiante, antice et postice subtruncatd, valde inflata, 
 crassissimd, sulcatd; sulcis radiantibus, crebris, aqualibus, latis; margine basali pene recto; margine dorsali sub-cur- 
 
14 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 tato; natibut valde elevatis, acuminatis; in valvi utraque dentibus cardinalibus duolus, lateralibus nvllit; nymphis 
 rurtis. crassis; lunula parvfi, cordata; cicatricibus maximis; cicatrice palleali valde situtalu. 
 
 Shell transverse, ovately quadrate, inequilateral, gaping posteriorly, subtruncate anteriorly and posteriorly, very 
 much inflated, very thick, sulcate ; sulci radiating, numerous, equal, wide; basal margin almost straight; dorsal margin 
 slightly curved; beaks much elevated, acuminate; hinge in each valve with two cardinal and no lateral teeth; nym- 
 phffi short, thick; lunule small, cordate; cicatrices very large; palleal impression much sinuated. 
 
 Diam. 1.25. Length 1.56. Breadth 2.30 inches. 
 
 Remarks. The radiating sulci are largest and deepest on the posterior extremity of the 
 shell; they are interrupted by occasional lines of growth. The palleal impression becomes 
 very broad as it approaches the anterior cicatrix. It is very rugose, and lias a large, 
 semi-elliptical sinus posteriorly. In the right valve, one of the teeth is bifid, but, as in 
 all my specimens the hinge of the left valve is fractured, I am unable to say whether this 
 be the case in it or not. The outline of the shell is very variable. I have one specimen 
 which is nearly oblong, with a sinuated basal margin and almost central beaks. In this 
 form its external appearance approaches closely that of the Area centenaria of Say. 
 
 Judging from description^ this shell must resemble the Petricola centenaria, Conrad, 
 but its nymphae, teeth and sinuated palleal impression, exclude it from that genus. It is 
 larger and more beautiful than any of its congeners* 
 
 GENUS LUCINA. 
 L. PUNCTULATA, PL. 34. FIG. 18. 
 
 L. testa rotunda, lenticular!. sub-<equilaterali, postice et ant ice truncato-rotundald, convexd, tenui, diaphanri. punc- 
 tulatd, substriatd; striis conc.entricis, irregularibus, raris; clivo umboniali rotundato; nulibus prominent ibus, acutis; 
 valvd siniitrd dentibus cardinalibus duobus, laterali unn; margine interno integro. 
 
 Shell rounded, lenticular, sub-equilateral, truncately rounded posteriorly and anteriorly, convex, diaphanous, 
 punctulate, somewhat striate; striae concentric, few, irregular; umbonial slope rounded; beaks prominent, acute; left 
 valve with one lateral and two cardinal teeth; internal margin entire. 
 
 Diam. .16. Length .32. Breadth .35 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The concentric lines of growth are, for the most part, very small, but there 
 are two or three larger ones. The punctulations extend over the whole surface. They 
 are very small, and cannot be seen without the aid of a microscope, but they impart a 
 rough feeling to the shell when handled. 
 
 This shell may be readily distinguished from all its fossil congeners by its diaphanous 
 substance and punctulate surface. 
 
 L. LENS, PL. 34. FIG. 19. 
 
 L. testa orliculari, eequilaterali. valde convexn, crassa, costatd; costis concentricis, parvis, crebrissimis, planulatis, 
 politis; margine dorsalijlexuoso; natibus prominenlibus, acutis, incurvis; lunula eliiptica, magnii. profundu; dentibus 
 in utrnque valvd, cardinalibus duabus pareis. lattralibus duabus magnis; margine interno minute crcnulato. 
 
 Shell orbicular, equilateral, very convex, thick, costate ; costoe concentric, small, very numerous, flattened, polished ; 
 dorsal margin flexuose; beaks prominent, acute, incurved; lunule elliptical, large, deep; each valve with two small 
 cardinal, and two large lateral teeth ; internal margin minutely crenulate. 
 
 Diam .28. Ljength .35. Breadth .38 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The ribs are very small, and appear like striae, unless examined with a 
 microscope. There are occasional larger ones, where the shell appears to have ceased 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 15 
 
 growing for awhile, and some are minutely wrinkled. The cicatrices are deep and well 
 denned. The whole shell is remarkably globose. 
 
 This species agrees pretty well with the description of S. trisulcata, Conrad, but that 
 shell is said to be "obovate," while ours is very rotund. It is also closely allied to some 
 of its congeners from Claiborne. 
 
 FAMILY CONCHIM. 
 
 GENUS ASTARTE. 
 
 A. LINEOLATA, PL. 34. FlG. 20. 
 
 A. testa triangulari, pene czquilaterali, injlata, crassa, striatd; striis crcbrissimis, rotundatis, conccntricis; margine basali 
 
 sub-curvato; natibus elevatis, acuminatis; lunula valde clongatd; dentibus magnis, valde divetgentibus; margine interno crenulato. 
 
 Shell triangular, almost equilateral, inflated, thick, striate; striee concentric, very numerous, rounded; basal margin 
 
 somewhat curved; beaks elevated, acuminate; lunule much elongated ; teeth large, very divergent ; internal margin 
 
 crenulate. 
 
 Diam. .15. Length .18. Breadth .21 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The striae are very regular, minute, and about fifty in number, on a full- 
 grown specimen now before me. The lunule is unusually long and rather broad. The 
 beaks are elevated and produced. 
 
 I, at first, regarded this as a young specimen of A. concentrica, Conrad, but the 
 crenulations on the inner margin prove it to be full-grown. In size it approaches the A. 
 lunulata, Con., but the strise are much smaller and more numerous, and the shell is 
 more inflated. 
 
 GENUS CYTHEREA. 
 C. ELEVATA, PL. 34. FIG. 21. 
 
 C. testa ovatu, transversd, inatquilaterali, postice subtruncatd, antice rotundato-angulatu, injlata, crassa, nitente, substriatd; 
 striis concentricis, minimis, media obsolctis; margine basali curvato; margine dorsali angulato; natibus elevatis, prominentibus; 
 dentibus magnis, quorum uno bifido. 
 
 Shell transverse, ovate, inequilateral, subtruncate posteriorly, rounded-angular anteriorly, inflated, thick, shining, 
 substriate; striae concentric, very small, obsolete in the middle; basal margin curved; dorsal margin angular; beaks 
 elevated, prominent; teeth large, one bifid. 
 
 Diam. .19. Length .28. Breadth .32 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. There are no very decided characters about this shell, yet I cannot refer it 
 to any known species. When young, its form is more longitudinal* It is more allied to 
 C. convexa, Say; than to any other shell. 
 
 C. SPHJERICA, PL. 34. FIG. 22. 
 
 C. testa rotunda, aquilatcrali, globosd, tenui, l<evi, politd; margine dorsali curvato; natibus elevatis, prominentibus, rectis 
 lunula minima, lanceolatd; dentibus parvis. 
 
 Shell rotund, equilateral, globose, thin, smooth, polished; dorsal margin curved ; beaks elevated, prominent, straight; 
 lunule very small, lanceolate; teeth small. 
 
 Diam. .18. Length .19. Breadth .20 of an inch. 
 
 D 
 
16 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 Remarks. This shell is rounded and more globose than any of its congeners that 
 I have seen. These characters will serve to distinguish it from all our other fossil 
 species. 
 
 GENUS VENUS, 
 V. ASCIA, PL. 34. FIG. 23. 
 
 V. testa longitudinali, oblique triangulari, sub-inaquilalcrali, postice et antiee sub-angulatd, compressd, eraasd, striatd; striii 
 eontentricis ram; margine basali minime curvato; margine dorsali angulato; natibus promincntibus, acutis; dentibus tribus 
 divergentibus; cicatrice palteali acute sinuata; lunuld magnd. ekvatii, lined iatprcssd marginatd. 
 
 Shell longitudinal, obliquely triangular, sub-inequilateral, somewhat angular posteriorly and anteriorly, compressed, 
 thick, striate; striae concentric, few; basal margin slightly curved; dorsal margin angular : beaks prominent, acute; 
 teeth three, diverging; palleal impression acutely sinuate; lunule large, elevated, margined with an impressed line. 
 
 Diam. .15. Length .30. Breadth .31 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The surface is somewhat rugulose with irregular lines of growth, which, 
 in two or three places, amount almost to ribs. The general outline is that of a triangle 
 with slightly curved sides. 
 
 This shell has an unusual shape for a Venus, but the three distinct cardinal teeth will 
 not admit it into any other genus. Although the sinus of the palleal impression is deep 
 and acute, it has not the circular outline of the Artemis. 
 
 FAMILY CARDIID.E. 
 
 GENUS HIATELLA. 
 H. LANCEA, PL. 34. FIG. 24. 
 
 H. testa transvertissimd, mttquilaterali, postice et antiee truncato rotundatd, minime hiante, valde compressd, concentrice 
 striatd; striis minimis; clivo umboniali ekvato; margine basali recto; margint dorsali media sub angulato, postice et antiee recto; 
 natibus prominentibus; dentibus magnis. 
 
 Shell very transverse, inequilateral, truncately rounded posteriorly and anteriorly, gaping very slightly, very much 
 compressed, concentrically striate; striae very small; umbonial slope elevated; basal margin straight; dorsal margin 
 sub-angular in the middle, straight posteriorly and anteriorly; beaks prominent; teeth large. 
 
 Diam. 10. Length .15. Breadth .29 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The lines of growth are very small and inconspicuous. The two teeth in 
 the left valve diverge considerably. The anterior one is bifid. 
 
 This genus is placed in the family Cardiidee by Lamarck, and in the Lithophagidse by 
 Sowerby, who does not regard it as distinct from Saxicava. Which is right, I have no 
 means of determining, and I therefore leave it where Lamarck places it. 
 
 FAMILY ARC ACID JE. 
 
 GENUS MJCULA. 
 
 N. DOLABELLA, PL. 34. FlG. 25. 
 
 N. testa oblique triangulari, incequilaterali, postice et antiee angulatd, inflatd, crassiusculd, striatd; striis concentricis, 
 minutlisimis; striis longitudinalibus, pene obsolctis, raris, clivo umboniali precipiti; margine basali curvato; margine dorsali 
 media acute angulato, postice et antiee recto; dentibus parvis; cochlea parvd, sub triangulari; margine interne crenulato. 
 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 17 
 
 Shell obliquely triangular, inequilateral, posteriorly and anteriorly angulated, inflated, rather thick, striate; con- 
 centric strite very small ; longitudinal strise, few, almost obsolete; umbonial slope steep; basal margin curved; dorsal 
 margin acutely angular in the middle, posteriorly and anteriorly straight; teeth small; fosset small, sub-triangular; 
 internal margin crenulate. 
 
 Diam .17. Length .18. Breadth .20 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The longitudinal strife are only visible in a strong light, with a powerful 
 microscope. The concentric lines of growth are also small, with the exception of two or 
 three larger ones. 
 
 This may prove to be only a variety of N. obliqua, Say, but it differs from all my 
 specimens of that shell in being more inequilateral and inflated, in the form of the fosset, 
 and in the straight series of teeth. 
 
 N. DIAPHANA, PL. 34. FIG. 26. 
 
 N. testa, transvcrsd, iniequilaterdli, sub-cllipt icd, posticc ct antice rolundatd, ivf.atd, diaphand, tenui. lavi, politd, intus mar' 
 garitaced; cliro umboniali sub planulato; margine basali curvato; margine dorsali curvato; natibus prominenlibus; dentibus valde 
 arcuatis, anticis quinque, posticis diiodccim; cockled rhotnboided, obliqua; margine interne crenulato. 
 
 Shell transverse, inequilateral, sub-elliptic, rounded anteriorly and posteriorly, inflated, diaphanous, thin, smooth, 
 polished, pearly within; umbonial slope somewhat flattened; basal margin curved ; dorsal margin curved ; beaks pro- 
 minent; teeth very arcuate, five anterior, twelve posterior; fosset rhomboidal, oblique; internal margin crenulated. 
 
 Diam. .04. Length .11. Breadth .15 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. This little shell, in common with the preceding, has some resemblance to 
 the N. obliqua, Say, but it may be distinguished by its elliptical shape, thin and diapha- 
 nous substance, smooth surface, and rhomboidal fosset. The teeth are also more arcuate, 
 and there is a greater disparity between the posterior and anterior series. 
 
 In outline, this species is closely allied to the N. antiqua, Mighels and Adams, from 
 the Post-Pliocene of Massachusetts. 
 
 N. .EQUILATERA, PL. 34. FlG. 27. 
 
 N. testa longitudinaliter-ellipticd, csquilaterali, postice el antice sub-curvatd, inflatr't, crassa, punctato-costata; 
 costis radiant/bus, vel punctiferis vel cancellatis; margine basali valde curvato; margine dorsali angulato; natibus 
 prominulis, incurvis, rectis; dentibus parvis, rectis, anlicis tribus, posticis octo; cockled pared, profundd; margine 
 irtterno crenulato. 
 
 Shell longitudinally elliptical, equilateral, somewhat curved posteriorly and anteriorly, inflated, thick, punctately 
 costate; costas small, radiating, punctiferous or cancellate; basal margin very much curved ; dorsal margin angulate; 
 beaks somewhat prominent, incurved, straight; teeth small, straight, three anterior, eight posterior; fosset small, 
 deep; margin crenulate within. 
 
 Diam. .08. Breadth .10. Length .12 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The ribs are small, sometimes divaricate, and punctulate. They occa- 
 sionally have the appearance of being cancellate. The shorter series of teeth is imme- 
 diately under the beaks and adjoining the fosset, from which the longer series is removed 
 by a smooth intervening space. This character, and the longitudinal equilateral shape 
 seem to remove it from the genus Nucula, but they can hardly be said to amount to 
 generic distinctions. 
 
 This shell bears a general resemblance to the Myoparo costatus, Lea, but its shape 
 does not admit it into that genus. 
 
 
19 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS. 
 
 N. CARINATA. PL. 34. FIG. 28. 
 
 Jf. lettd transversd, ovato-acuminatu, subinefquilaterali, antice rostratd, postice rotundatd, inflatti, crassiusrulu, con- 
 centrice sulcatd ; svlcis parvis, crebris, regularibvs. rotundatii; clivo umboniali elevato, carinato; margine basali rur- 
 vato; margine dorsal! media angulato, postice convexo, aniice concavo; nalibus minime elevatis, recurvis; dentibus 
 angulaiis, carinatis; anticis quatuordecim, posticis quindecim; cockled triangular!, profundd; margine interne 
 integro. 
 
 Shell transverse, ovate-acuminate, sub-inequilateral, anteriorly rostrate, posteriorly rounded, inflated, rather thick, 
 concentrically sulcate; sulci small, numerous, regular, rounded; umbonial slope elevated, carinate; basal margin 
 curved; dorsal margin angular in the middle, posteriorly convex, anteriorly concave; beaks very slightly elevated, 
 recurved; teeth angular, carinate, fourteen anterior, fifteen posterior; fosset triangular, deep; internal margin crenu- 
 late. 
 
 Diam. .15. Length .18. Breadth .11 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The teeth are large and angular, with a carina on the outside edge of the 
 angle. The two series are nearly equal in number. 
 
 This shell is very similar to the N. concentrica, Say: the points of difference are, 
 however, the greater proportionate length of our species, its carinate umbonial slope, 
 and peculiar teeth. It is also more equilateral, and has the series of teeth more nearly 
 equal. In these two last characters, it also approaches the N. media, Lea. 
 
 N. ACDTIDENS, PL. 34. FIG. 29. 
 
 N. testa tenui. l&vi, politd; dentibus magnis, longissimis, arcuatis, acutis, perpendicularibus ; cochlea minime pro- 
 fundd. 
 
 Shell thin, smooth, polished; teeth large, very long, arcuate, acute, perpendicular; fosset shallow. 
 
 Diam. Length Breadth of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. I have but a fragment of the hinge of this shell, but the teeth are so re- 
 markable that they appear to distinguish it from all our other species. They are very 
 long, thin, pointed, and placed perpendicularly to the hinge margin, so as to project 
 beyond the shell and be seen nearly as well externally as internally. 
 
 FAMILY MYTILID.E. 
 
 GENUS MODIOLA. 
 
 M. SPINIGERA, PL. 35. FIG. 30. 
 
 M. testa quadrato-eUipticd, transversd, inequilateral!, postice truncatd, antice rotundatd, sub-inflatri, tenui, dia- 
 phand, striatd ; striis parvis, concenlricis, irregularibus ; clivo umboniali angulato; margine basali recto; margine 
 dorsali recto, spinoso; natibus prominentibus, rotundatis. 
 
 Shell quadrately-elliptical, transverse, inequilateral, posteriorly truncate, anteriorly rounded, somewhat inflated, 
 thin, diaphanous, striate; stria; small, concentric, irregular; umbonial slope angulated; basal margin straight; dorsal 
 margin straight, spinous; beaks prominent, rounded. 
 
 Diam .08 of an inch. Length .10. Breadth .14. 
 
 Remarks. The spines on the dorsal margin are rather short and few in number; they 
 project perpendicularly from the line of the margin. The substance of the shell is ex- 
 tremely thin. The beaks are long and somewhat incurved. 
 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 19 
 
 This little shell is interesting from its singular spinous appendages. No other Mo- 
 diola, that I have met with, has them. Indeed, the only shell I have ever seen with 
 spines similarly posited, is the Cardium aviculare, Lam., from the Paris Basin. 
 
 FAMILY MALLEIM. 
 
 GENUS AVICULA. 
 
 A. MULTANGULA, PL. 35. FlG. 31. 
 
 A. testa valde transversd, sub-incsquilaterali, antice acute rostratd, postice truncatd, compressd, undulatd, crassd, striatd; 
 striis radiantibvs minimis, raris; clivo umboniali elevato; margine basali flexuoso; margine dorsali recto; natibus compressis; 
 cardinis area triangi'lari, transversd; sulco ligamentifero, triangular!, profundo; testa parts anticd interne valde incrassatd. 
 
 Shell very transverse, sub-inroquilatera!, acutely rostrate anteriorly, truncate posteriorly, compressed, undulate, 
 thick, striate; striae few, radiating, very small; umbonial slope elevated; basal margin flexuose; dorsal margin straight; 
 beaks compressed; area of the beaks triangular, transverse; ligamentiferous sulcation triangular, deep; anterior part 
 of the shell, very much incrassated within. 
 
 Diam. .18. Length .20. Breadth .45 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. There are numerous exceedingly minute lines of growth over the surface. 
 The radiating strite are plainest where they terminate at an angle in the basal margin. 
 The cavity of the beaks is very deep and small. It is abruptly cut off by the incrassa- 
 tion of the anterior end, which is perfectly flat and on a level with the dorsal and basal 
 margins. As all of rny specimens are very much worn, I cannot perceive any trace of 
 the muscular impressions. 
 
 This curious little shell differs from the genus Avicula somewhat in the hinge. The 
 fosset is more conspicuous than in general with that genus, while the tooth is almost or 
 entirely obsolete. I had at first intended erecting a new genus for it, but the characters 
 of the hinge in this family are so variable and so little to be depended on, that I have 
 thought it best to leave it in this genus. It can hardly be confounded with any of its 
 congeners. 
 
 FAMILY PECTENID.E. 
 
 GENUS PECTEN. 
 P. MICROPLEURA, PL. 35. FIG. 32. 
 
 P. testa longitudinaliter ovatd, sub-inflata, crassd, radiatim costatd; costis parvis, crebris, regularibus, planis, Icevibiis; 
 margine basali circulari; auribvs aqualibus, costatis; natibus compressis. acutis. 
 
 .Shell longitudinally ovate, somewhat inflated, thick, radiately costate ; costee small, numerous, regular, flat, smooth; 
 basal margin circular; auricles equal, costate; beaks compressed, acute. 
 
 Diam. .30. Length .60. Breadth .58 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The whole surface, from one auricle to the other, is covered with small, 
 regular, smooth ribs, distant from each other about their own width. They are between 
 thirty and forty in number, besides about ten on each auricle. 
 E 
 
20 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 This shell may be distinguished from all its congeners of our Tertiary by its small 
 and numerous costs, and longitudinal form. 
 
 P. TENUIS, PL. 35. FIG. 33. 
 
 P. testa tub-orbiculari, equilateral!, convexa, tenui, striatd; striis radianlibus, crebris, turn magnis, turn parvis - 
 lineis concentricis, minutis, ran'*; natibus acuminatis, tub-elevatis; auribus magnis, inaqualibus, striatis; testa in- 
 terne lacvi. 
 
 Shell sub-oibicular, equilateral, convex, thin, striate; stria; radiating, numerous, sometimes large, sometimes small; 
 a few minute concentric lines; beaks acuminated, somewhat elevated, auricles large, unequal, striate; shell smooth 
 within. 
 
 Diam. .60. Length 2.26. Breadth 2.28 inches. 
 
 Remarks. The striae are very irregular as to size, and frequently are alternate. Near 
 the base they are much smaller; and are decussated by numerous very minute, concen- 
 tric lines. On the only valve now before me, they are about one hundred in number. 
 The shell has been quite longitudinal when young, as may be seen from the lines of 
 growth. Three or four of the longitudinal striae are rather larger than the rest, particu- 
 larly near the beaks. 
 
 This pretty shell was found at Shell Bank near Petersburg, the plantation of E. 
 Ruffin, Esq., and sent by him to my father. It may be distinguished from P. Clinto- 
 nius, Say, a species to which it is closely allied, by its unequal auricles and striae, its 
 more longitudinal form, and acuminate beaks. 
 
 GENUS PLICATULA. 
 P. RUDIS, PL. 35. FIG. 34. 
 
 P. testa longitudinal!, orbicular! , pland, tenui, rugosd; natibus prominulis, acutis; dentibus magnis; margins intus 
 lato, nigrescente. 
 
 Shell longitudinal, orbicular, flat, thin, rugose; beaks prominent, acute; teeth large, internal margin wide and 
 blackish. 
 
 Diam .20. Length .68. Breadth .65 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The surface is nearly covered with irregular longitudinal wrinkles, which 
 render it very rugose. It is nearly flat and destitute of folds. 
 
 This shell may be distinguished from the P. marginata, Say, which it somewhat 
 resembles, by its flat, orbicular form, rugosities, thinness and want of folds. It is much 
 rarer than that species. I found but three or four specimens of it among more than a 
 hundred of the other. 
 
 FAMILY PHYLLIDID^E. 
 
 GENUS CHITON. 
 C. TIUNSENNA, PL. 35. FIG. 35. 
 
 C. testa , octovalvif crassd, costatd, dorso valde elevatd el angulatd; valvarum intermediarum area central/ costis 
 longitudinal/ bus rectit, noduliferis, area lateral! out leevi out nodulosd; valvtB terminally area, central! noduloio 
 costatd, area lateral! nodulosd. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 21 
 
 Shell, eight-valved ? thick, costate, very much elevated and angular in the back; central area of the intermediate 
 valves with straight, longitudinal, noduliferous ribs, lateral area smooth or nodulose; central area of the terminal 
 valve nodulosely costate, lateral area nodulose. 
 
 Length of valve .15. Breadth do. .50 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The ribs of the central area are perfectly parallel, sometimes nearly smooth, 
 and sometimes armed with large nodules in regular series, giving them the appear- 
 ance of being transversely sulcate. The lateral area, in most of my specimens, is 
 smooth, with the exception of two or three impressed lines of growth, but on some there 
 are numerous spherical tubercles, placed without any apparent order. As these are 
 easily removed, I think it probable that all have been furnished with them, but that, in 
 general, they have been obliterated by attrition. They bear some resemblance to the 
 remains of spines. 
 
 This well marked species differs in its sculpture and angulated back from all its 
 congeners. 
 
 This shell is interesting as being the first of its genus found in a fossil state in this 
 country. I believe that but one, the C. Grignonensis, Lam., has been described from the 
 Tertiary of Europe. 
 
 The third figure is a terminal valve, most probably from a young specimen. 
 
 GENUS PATELLA. 
 P. ACINACES, PL. 35. FIG. 36. 
 
 P. testa ovata, valde compressa, falcatd, depressd, crassd, striis concentricis parvis; lineis radiantibus postice 
 f/uatuor; aperturd lineari; apice angulato, recto. 
 
 Shell ovate, very much compressed, falcate, depressed, thick, with small concentric stria:, and four radiating lines 
 posteriorly, mouth linear; apex angular, straight. 
 
 Height .15. Length .55. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The apex is bent forward a little, and somewhat rounded. Diverging from 
 it posteriorly are four elevated lines, two on each side, which may be traced to the base. 
 The aperture is very narrow, almost acute anteriorly and rounded posteriorly. The 
 substance of the shell is extremely thick, particularly at the apex. 
 
 It is not without some hesitation that I have classed this little shell with the genus 
 Patella. Its falcate, compressed shape appears hardly to belong to that genus, and yet 
 is not sufficient to found a new one on. If, however, on farther examination, it should 
 prove distinct, I propose the name of Scaphidium* for it, from its peculiar canoe-like 
 shape. 
 
 FAMILY CALYPTILBHLE. 
 
 GENUS CEMORIA (LEACH.) 
 C. OBLONGA, PL. 35. FIG. 37. 
 
 C. testa conicd, sub-elevatd, tenui, diaphand, costatd; costis longitudinalibus, nodultferis, alternantibiu ; apice pro- 
 ducto, incurvo, anfractu uno> sinistrorsum deflecto, lavi; foramine elliptico; aperturd quadratd, oblongd. 
 
 * A SXOIJH&OC, navigiolum. 
 
 
22 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 Shell conical, somewhat elevated, thin, diaphanous, costate; costs longitudinal, noduliferous, alternate; apex 
 produced, incurved, with one whorl, deflected to the left; foramen elliptical; aperture quadrate, oblong. 
 
 Height .04. Length .07. Breadth .05 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The nodules on the ribs are placed in regular series, giving the effect 
 of cancellating transverse striae. The ribs are alternately large and small, which, I 
 believe, is the case with all our fossil species of these shells. The foramen is widely 
 elliptical, approaching to circular, and placed at some distance posterior to the apex. 
 The apex is large, bent to the left, and twisted into rather more than one whorl. The 
 shell is not much elevated. 
 
 But two species of this interesting little genus have been hitherto described. One, 
 the C. noachina, Leach, is from the coast of Great Britain, the other, C. princeps, Mighels 
 and Adams, from that of New England. The one now before us is, I believe, the first 
 fossil species. It differs from the others principally in its minute size, the absence of an 
 internal plate, and the circular form of the foramen. 
 
 GENUS CALYPTR^EA. 
 
 C. PILEOLUS, PL. 35. FIG. 38. 
 
 C. testa irregulariter conic/I, crassd, sulcatd; sulci s radiantibus, magnis, irregularibus ; strlis concentricis, par- 
 vis; apice laevi, contorto anfractibus duobus; aperturd sub-rotunda; cyatho magno, lato, angulato. 
 
 Shell irregularly conical, thick, sulcate; sulci radiating, large, irregular; concentric striae minute, small; apex 
 smooth, twisted into two whorls; aperture sub-rotund; cyathus large, wide, angular. 
 
 Diam. .80. Height .40 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. This species varies very much both in outline and height, some specimens 
 being nearly flat, while in others the perpendicular distance from the apex to the base is 
 nearly as great as the diameter. The cyathus is large, bent at a right angle, and fast- 
 ened to the sides of the shell by the two edges. The sulci vary very much in different 
 specimens, both as to number and size. 
 
 In general outline, this shell is not unlike the Dispotsea costata, Say, but the form of 
 the cyathus separates it from the Dispota3se, and it also differs in proportionate height. 
 Young specimens are not unlike, in external appearance, the Infundibulum concentri- 
 cum, herein described, as nearly the upper half of the shell is smooth. 
 
 The peculiar voluted form of the apex, which may also be observed in the Dispotsea 
 costata, Say, and D. ramosa, Con., would almost seem to entitle them to a separate division, 
 were it not that in this family the form of the shells is by no means a criterion for that 
 of the animal, and therefore, until the latter has been examined, no separations should 
 be made. M. Lesson and Mr. Owen, who have dissected the inhabitants of these shells, 
 both say that the difference between the animal of Calyptrsea and Crepidula is by no 
 means sufficient to establish a generic distinction. Mr. Owen, in a paper read before 
 the Zoological Society, observes, " The soft parts of Crepidula are the same with those 
 of Calyptraa, in all essential points of structure, differing only in the proportionate extent 
 of the anterior part of the foot, and dorsal groove of the mantle." M. Lesson,* as quoted 
 
 * Zoologie de la Coquille, Tom. II. p. 388. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 23 
 
 by Mr. Broderip, says, " L'animal des Calyptrees et des Crepidules nous parait ne dif- 
 ferer en rien d'essentiel ; et quant a la cloison du test, soit que cette cloison soit trans- 
 versale, soit qu 'elle ne consiste qu 'en lamelles anexees au fond de la coquille, elle pre- 
 sente des passages de ces deux etats, et ne peut servir qu 'a etablir des simples sous- 
 genres, au grand genre Calyptrsea ou Crepidula comme on voudrait 1'appeler." I have 
 therefore put the following shells as merely in sub-genera. 
 
 SUB-GENUS INFUNDIBULUM (D E MONTFORT.) 
 I. CONCENTRICUM, PL. 35. FIG. 39. 
 
 1, testa patdliformi, deprcsso-ccmicd, tenui, simplici; lineis minutis concentricis; apice centrali, anfractu parvo uno; aper- 
 turd sub-rotunda; cyatho recto, varice marginato. 
 
 Shell patclliforra, depressed-conical, thin, simple; with minute concentric lines; apex central, with one small 
 whorl; aperture sub-rotund; cyathus straight, margined with a varix. 
 
 Diam. .22. Height .09 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. This shell is entirely simple and patelliform, with the exception of one 
 small whorl at the apex. The cyathus is flat and straight, extending from the centre to 
 the margin, with a thick varix at its outer edge. 
 
 The only Infundibulum, to which this is allied, is the I. centrale, Con., but that 
 species is described as ovate, while this is conical, or even slightly concave. 
 
 This is one of the shells that show the gradual passage from the Infundibulum to the 
 Crepidula, and the propriety of uniting these genera. Its want of whorls, and the con- 
 centric lines of growth, seem to place it in the Calyptrseee, while the cyathus constitutes 
 it an Infundibulum. 
 
 SUB-GENUS CREPIDULA. 
 C. PONDEROSA, PL. 35. FIG. 40. 
 
 C. testa sub-globosd, crassissimd, ponderosd, convolutd, rugosd; sulco prope suturam lato, minime prof undo; suturd parvd; 
 apice vohtto, rotundato, anfractibus sesqui; aperturd arctato ellipticd; cyatho crassissimo, undulato, acie Jlexuosd, vix aperturte 
 dimidiam aquante. 
 
 Shell sub-globose, very thick, ponderous, whorled, rugose; with a wide, shallow sulcation near the suture; suture 
 small; apex voluted, rounded, with a whorl and a half; mouth narrow-elliptical; cyathus very thick, undulate, with 
 a flexuose edge; scarcely half the length of the mouth. 
 
 Height 1.15. Length 1.90. Breadth 1.50 inches. 
 
 Remarks. There are occasional irregular lines of growth over the surface. The sul- 
 cation near the suture is sometimes scarcely perceptible. It usually continues for about 
 one third of a whorl from the aperture, and then becomes obsolete. The mouth is some- 
 times very small and nearly round. The cyathus is extremely solid with two depres- 
 sions on its surface and a waved edge. It is deeply set in the shell, and disappears 
 gradually into the sides, so that its margin cannot be traced. The apex is more voluted 
 than in any species of Crepidula that I have met with. 
 
 This fine shell has, most probably, been heretofore confounded with the C. costata, 
 Morton, as it is too common and too conspicuous to have escaped observation, and as there 
 are specimens of both under that name in the collection of the Academy of Natural 
 F 
 
24 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 Sciences; but our shell is much larger, more ponderous, with the apex more twisted, and 
 without the spines of the C. costata. I have a number of specimens of each now before 
 me, and I find that these characters obtain at all ages. 
 
 C. CORNUCOPIA, PL. 35. FIG. 41. 
 
 C. testa valde tlevatd et convexa, Itevi, polild, crastd; apice termmali. valde producto, votuto, superne sub-angulato, 
 tinislrorsum deflexo; aperturd parvd, ovatd; cyatho profundo, piano, acie curvo. 
 
 Shell much elevated, very convex, smooth, polished, thick; apex terminal, very much produced, whorled, some- 
 what angular above, turned to the left; aperture small, ovate; cyathus deep, flat, with the margin curved. 
 
 Height .16. Length .30. Breadth .18 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The apex is very far removed from the margin of the mouth; it is slightly 
 turned to the left, and has about half a volution. The aperture is ovate, approaching to 
 elliptical. The cyathus is situated deep in the shell, so that there is a large cavity under 
 the apex. It is perfectly flat, and its outer margin has a gentle and regular incised curve. 
 
 I at first considered this curious little shell as identical with the C. convexa, Say, but 
 the differences in the apex and cyathus render the separation necessary. 
 
 C. LAMINA, PL. 35. FIG. 42. 
 
 C. testa, discoidale, planissima, tenui. leevi; apice elevato, polilo, sinistrorsum deflexo, anfractibus sesqui; aperturd 
 magnd, subrolundd; cyatho parvo, tenui, convexo. 
 
 Shell discoidal, very flat, thin, smooth; apex elevated, polished, deflected to the left, with a whorl and a half; 
 aperture large, subrotund; cyathus small, thin, convex. 
 
 Height .03. Length .18. Breadth .15 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The most peculiar character in the species now before us, is in the shape 
 of the apex. This is perfectly smooth and polished, rising suddenly from the flat back 
 of the shell, and twisted into about a whorl and a half. The margin of the mouth 
 projects anteriorly beyond it, so that it is invisible on a front view. There are small 
 concentric lines of growth aver the surface of the shell. The cyathus is slightly and 
 regularly convex. 
 
 When very young, this species, from the peculiar formation of the apex, has a striking 
 resemblance to a small Natica, and I have been for some time in doubt as to what genus 
 a specimen of that age belonged. 
 
 This shell is closely allied to the C. plana, Say, but the peculiar apex and nearly flat 
 cyathus at once distinguish it. 
 
 FAMILY BULL^ID^E. 
 
 GENUS BULLA. 
 B. CYLINDRUS, PL. 35. FTG. 43. 
 
 B. testd lub-ellipticd, superne et inferne acuminatd, crassd, politd, itriata; spird umbilicatd; anfractu ultimo ad 
 basim et apicem ttriato; aperturd falcatd, inferne laid; columellii refiecla. 
 
 Shell subelliptical, acuminate above and below, thick, polished, striate; spire umbilicate; last whorl etriate at the 
 base and apex; mouth falcate, wide below; columella reflected. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 25 
 
 Length .21. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. Although this shell has no very peculiar characters, yet I cannot refer it 
 to any described species. One or two species, the B. St. Hillairii and Dekayi, from 
 Claiborne, are somewhat allied to it, but they are not identical. 
 
 FAMILY MELANID.E. 
 
 GENUS PASITHEA, (LEA.) 
 P. EXARATA, PL. 35. FIG. 44. 
 
 P. testa subulatd, acuminatd, crassd, imperforatd, nitente, costata; spird valde atlenuala, mamillata, ad apicem letvi: 
 suturis profundis, excavatis; anfractibus quindecim, planulatis, costis oblique longitudinalibus crebris planis; an- 
 fraclu ultimo angulato; bast laoi, politd; aperturd parvd, sub-quadratd, sub-effusa. 
 
 Shell subulate, acuminate, thick, imperforate, shining, costate; spire very attenuate, mamillate, smooth at the 
 apex, sutures deep, excavated; whorls fifteen, flattened, with numerous fiat obliquely longitudinal ribs; last whorl 
 angulate; base smooth, polished; mouth small, sub-quadrate, somewhat effuse. 
 
 Length .35. Breadth .07 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The ribs are slightly oblique. They disappear at both sutures, which are 
 triangular, smooth and deep. They extend, on the last whorl no farther than the angle, 
 leaving the base perfectly smooth. The mouth is ovately quadrate, with sharp angles 
 where the columella and outer lip join the preceding whorls. 
 
 This shell appears to resemble the Turritella laqueata, Con., but its larger size, mami- 
 late apex, and angular mouth serve to distinguish it from that species. 
 
 P. STJBULA, PL. 35. FIG. 45. 
 
 P. testa subulata, crassd, imperforatd, costata, striata; spird attenuatd, obtusd, mamillata, ad apicem polita; suturis 
 profundis; anfractibus oclo, contexts; costis longitudinalibus magnis, crebris, prope basim obsoletis, planulatis, Ics- 
 vibus; striis transversis, parvis, crebris, interruptis; ultimo anfractu rotundato; basi l<evi; aperturd arctatd, ellipticd, 
 sulieffusa. 
 
 Shell subulate, thick, imperforate, costate, striate; spire attenuate, obtuse, mamillate, polished at the apex: sutures 
 deep; whorls eight, convex; costse longitudinal, large, numerous, obsolete near the base, flattened, smooth; striae trans- 
 verse, small, numerous, interrupted; last whorl rounded; base smooth; mouth narrow, elliptical, sub-effuse. 
 
 Length .18. Breadth .05 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The costse continue almost to the base, when they disappear suddenly, 
 leaving a small place smooth immediately behind the columella. The first whorl of the 
 spire is round, somewhat twisted, smooth and polished, forming a remarkable marnelon. 
 The transverse striae are very small and do not cross the costfe. The mouth is slightly 
 angular above, and somewhat effuse at base. 
 
 This shell attains a greater size than that given above. I have several fragments of 
 much larger specimens. 
 
 P. EBURNEA, PL. 35. FIG. 46. 
 
 P. testa subulata, elongatd, tenui, politd, sub-perforatd. costatti, striata; spird attenuatd, mamillatti. conicd; suluris 
 linearibus, imprtssis; anfractibus duoJecim, sub-convexis; cottis longitudinalibus, magnis, plants, lavibus; prope 
 suturam superiorem striis transversalibus parvis, crebris; prope suturam inferinrem striis transversalibus magnis. 
 raris; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi striata; pe'foratione pene obsoletd; aperturd ovatd. 
 
26 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 Shell subulate, elongated, thin, polished, sub-perforate, costate, striate; spire attenuate, mamillate, conical; sutures 
 linear, impressed; whorls twelve, slightly convex; ribs longitudinal, large, flat, smooth; strite transverse, near the 
 upper suture small and numerous, near the lower suture large and unfrequent; last whorl rounded; base striate; per- 
 foration almost obsolete; mouth ovate. 
 
 Length .41. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The transverse strise do not cross the ribs, which are perfectly smooth and 
 polished. The whorls are divided about the middle by a deep impressed line. Above 
 it is a series of close, small striae; below it the striae are larger and more distant. On the 
 body whorl they end at a rather deeper line about the middle. Here also the ribs end, 
 and there is a smooth space before the strife of the base commence. These are rather 
 large and not numerous. The mouth is acutely angular above and rounded below. 
 The outer lip is sharp. 
 
 This elegant little shell is remarkable for its ivory-like appearance. The peculiar 
 arrangement of its transverse striae distinguishes it from all other species. 
 
 P. L^EVIGATA, PL. 35. FIG. 47. 
 
 P. testa elevalo-conicd, acuminatii, imperforatd, crassd, Itsvi, eburned, nitente; spird attenuatd, conicd, acutd; su- 
 turis linearibus, minimis ; anfractibus , plant's; anfraclu ultimo sub-angulato; basilcevi; aperturd oblique quad- 
 rilateral!, superne et inferne acute angulatn, effusd. 
 
 Shell elevated-conical, acuminate, imperforate, thick, smooth, ivory-like, shining; spire attenuate, conical, acute; 
 sutures linear, very small, whorls flat; last whorl somewhat angular; base smooth; aperture obliquely quadri- 
 lateral, acutely angular above and below; effuse. 
 
 Length .08. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The whorls are perfectly flat, so that the outlines of the spire are straight. 
 The surface of the shell is remarkably smooth and shining. 
 
 In my largest specimen the lower whorls have been broken off, so that I am unable to 
 give their number. This fragment, however, has about eleven. 
 
 This shell bears some resemblance to the P. aciculata, Lea, from Claiborne, but it 
 may readily be distinguished by its larger size, less attenuate shape, and flatter whorls. 
 
 P. OVULUM, PL. 35. FIG. 48. 
 
 P. teitd ovatd, sub-elongatd, tenui, imperforatd, Item, nitente; spird breviusculd, ovatd, obtusd; suturis profundis, 
 linearibus; anfractibus quatuor. convexis; anfraclu ultimo rotundato; bast l<evi; aperturd ovatd; columelld crassd, latd; 
 l&vi. 
 
 Shell ovate, somewhat elongate, thin, imperforate, smooth, shining; spire rather short, ovate, obtuse; sutures deep, 
 linear; whorls four, convex; last whorl rounded; base smooth; mouth ovate; columella thick, wide, smooth. 
 
 Length .15. Breadth .08 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The mouth is angular above and rounded below. The sutures are deep, 
 owing to a slight conical depression of the whorls immediately at their junction with 
 those above. 
 
 I know no species to which the above is allied. 
 
 P. DUPHANA, PL. 35. FIG. 49. 
 
 P. testa ovato-elongatd, acuminatii, tenui, sub-perforatd, diaphand, striatd; spird subattenuatd, mamillatd; suturis 
 impressis, linearibus; anfractibus sex, convexis; striis minutis, transve r salibus ; anfraclu ultimo rotundaln; bast 
 striatd; aperlurd elongato-quadratd, sub-effuta. 
 
FROM TflE TERTIARY OP VIRGINIA* 27 
 
 'Shell orately elongate, acuminate, thin, sub-perforate, diaphanous, striate; spire somewhat attenuate, mamillate,- 
 sutures impressed, linear; whorls six, convex; striae transverse, minute; last whorl rounded; base striate; mouth 
 elongately-qnadrate, sub-effuse. 
 
 Length .22. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The striae are very small and only to be seen with the aid of a microscope. 
 The shell is very thin, so much so as to be somewhat translucent. The mouth is 
 angular above and below. There is a slight angle on the superior part of the whorls, 
 immediately below the upper suture. 
 
 This pretty little shell has no decided resemblance to any of our fossil species. P. 
 sulcata, Lea, approaches it more nearly than any other. 
 
 P. TURBINOPSIS, PL. 35. FIG. 50. 
 
 P. testa ovato-conoided, sub-elevatd, tenui, lavi, imperforata; spira breviuscula, rotundatd, oblusd; suluris pro- 
 fundis; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, propS snturam superiorem sub-canaliculatis ; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi 
 lasvi; aperturd magna, sub-rotunda. 
 
 Shell ovately conoidal, somewhat elevated, thin, smooth, imperforate; spire rather short, rounded, obtuse; sutures 
 deep; whorls four, convex, sub-canaliculate near tie upper suture; last whorl rounded; base smooth; mouth large, 
 sub-rotund. 
 
 Length .10. Breadth .05 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The whorls have a small angle immediately at the upper suture, which 
 gives them somewhat the appearance of being channelled. The mouth is oblique, 
 nearly round, and has the lower margin produced obliquely, below the inner lip. 
 
 I have felt some doubts in placing this shell among the Pasitheae, as it hardly has 
 the effuse mouth of that genus, but its characters seem to agree better with it than with 
 any other. 
 
 This little shell resembles some of our recent species of Amnicola; it also approaches 
 the Turbo minutus, Totten (Cingula minuta, Gould,) but it is more globose and differs 
 in size. 
 
 P. ORNATA. 
 
 P. testa ovato-subnlatd, crassd, sub-perforatd, costatd, striatd; spira elevatd, mamillatd, prOpe apicem lavi; suluris 
 linearibus; anfractibus quinque, valde convexis; costis transversalibus, latis, politis; striis longitudinalibus, minu- 
 tissimis; anfractu ultimo rotundato ; basi costulatd; perforatione pene obsoletd; apertura ovatd, effusa. 
 
 Shell ovately subulate, thick, sub-perforate, costate, striate; spire elevated, mamillate, smooth near the apex ; su- 
 tures linear; whorls five, very convex; costae transverse, wide, polished; striae longitudinal, very minute; last whorl 
 rounded; base costulate; perforation almost obsolete; mouth ovate, effuse. 
 
 Length Breadth 
 
 Remarks. On the upper whorls the costae are five in number, on the last one they are 
 much more numerous. Those on the base are smaller and closer together. Near the 
 lower sutures, on the whorl next the last, is a rib larger than the rest, with an impressed 
 line in its centre, making a kind of double rib. It may be traced round the middle of 
 the last whorl. As I have but one specimen before me, I cannot decide whether this is 
 a general character or not. The longitudinal stria? are only to be seen in the intervals 
 of the ribs. They are very small and sometimes disappear.* 
 
 * I unfortunately lost my only specimen of this shell after describing, but before measuring or making a drawing 
 of it. I am, therefore, unable to give either the dimensions or a figure. It was, however, not more than a quarter 
 of an inch in length, at the utmost. 
 G 
 
28 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 FAMILY NERITnm 
 
 GENUS NATICA. 
 N. APERTA, PL. 36. FIG. 51. 
 
 N. testa oblique ellipticd, teuui, costulatd, sub-striatd, perforatd; spird depressd, ovatd, obtusd, prope apicem leevi; 
 suturis parvis, linearibus; anfractibus quatuor, convexis; costulis transversalibus, crebris, plants, quadrangularibus; 
 striis longitudinalibus, minutissimis ; anfractu ultimo ovato; basi oblique costulatd; perforations parvd, angustd; 
 aperturd maxima, supernd sinuald, in/erne ellipticd. 
 
 Shell obliquely elliptical, thin, costulate, sub-striate, perforate; spire depressed, ovate, obtuse, smooth near the 
 apex; sutures small, linear; whorls four, convex; costulse numerous,. transverse, quadrangular, flat; striae longitudinal, 
 very small; last whorl ovate; base obliquely costulate; perforation small, narrow; mouth very large, sinuate above, 
 elliptical below. 
 
 Length .70. Breadth .62 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The costulse are small, wider than the spaces between them, and very 
 numerous. The longitudinal lines of growth are exceedingly minute ; so much so as to 
 be invisible to the naked eye. Both ribs and striae become obsolete on the upper whorls, 
 so that the two or three nearest the apex are smooth. The mouth is somewhat lunate, 
 contracted above and expanded below. The umbilicus is small, and nearly concealed 
 by the columella. 
 
 This shell, is closely allied to the N. fragilis, Conrad, and it is with some hesitation 
 that I separate it. It, however, differs in the ribs, the umbilicus, and the shape of the 
 mouth. 
 
 N. SPH.ERITLUS, PL. 36. FIG. 52. 
 
 A', testa globoso-acuminatd, obliqud, tenui, leevi, politd, imperforata; spird breviusculd, sub-conicd, acutd; suturis 
 panis, impressis; anfraclibus qualuor, sub-convexis; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi lavi; umbilico occulto; caHo 
 semicirculari, lined impressd marginato; aperturd semi-ovatd; columella recta, superne incrassatd. 
 
 Shell globosely acuminate, oblique, thin, smooth, polished, imperforate; spire rather short, sub-conical, acute; su- 
 tures small, impressed; whorls four, somewhat convex; last whorl rounded; base smooth; umbilicus hidden; callus 
 semicircular, margined by an impressed line; mouth semi-ovate; columella straight, incrassated above. 
 
 Length .12. Breadth .11 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. This shell is too small and perfect to be the young of so large a species as 
 N. duplicata, which it resembles. Out of twenty or thirty specimens the admeasure- 
 ments given above were the largest, the others decreasing to a size scarcely visible with- 
 out a microscope. The only other species to which it is allied is the N. percallosa, 
 Conrad, but the small size and more elevated spire distinguish it. 
 
 N. CRASSILABRUM, PL. 36. FIG. 53. 
 
 A', testa transverse ellipticd, depressd, crassd, lesvi, politd, imperforata; spird conica, obtusd, ualde depressd; suluris 
 profundis, linearibus; anfractibus quatuor, convexis, superne planulatis; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basilavi; um- 
 bilico occulto, parvo; aperturd sub-rotunda; labro superne valde incrassato. 
 
 Shell transversely elliptical, depressed, thick, smooth, polished, imperforate; spire conical, obtuse, very much de- 
 pressed; sutures deep, linear; whorls four, convex, flattened above; last whorl rounded; base smooth; umbilicus 
 hidden, small ; mouth sub-rotund; outer lip much thickened above. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 29 
 
 Length .16. Breadth .25 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The flattened whorls and incrassated outer lip at once distinguish this 
 shell from all its congeners. 
 
 FAMILY PLICACHLE. 
 GENUS ACTEON. 
 
 A. GRANULATUS, Pi. 36. FlG. 54. 
 
 A. testa subulatd, crassd, sub-perforatd, noduloso-costatd; spird elevatd, obtusd, mamillatd, ad apicem politd ; suturis im- 
 pressis; anfractibus sex, convexis; costis transversalibus, planis, regulariter nodulosis, und lavi prope suturam inferiorem; 
 anfractu ultimo rotundato; perforation* minima; basi costatd; aperturd ovatd, superne angulatd, sub-effusd; plied columellari 
 magnd, acutd. 
 
 Shell subulate, thick, sub-perforate, nodulously costate; spire elevated, obtuse, mamillate, polished at the apex'; 
 sutures impressed; whorls six, convex; ribs transverse, flat, regularly nodulous, a smooth one near the lower suture; 
 last whorl rounded; base costate; perforation very small; mouth ovate, angular above, somewhat effuse; fold on the 
 columella large, acute. 
 
 Length .18. Breadth .08 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The nodules on the ribs are small and in regular order, giving the shell a 
 granulate and cancellated appearance. The fold on the columella is placed about the 
 middle, and is quite large. The mouth is rounded below and acutely angular above. On 
 the body whorl the ribs are about eight in number, while there are five on those of the 
 spire. The basal costse are smooth and smaller. 
 
 Judging from description, this shell is not unlike A. pomilius and A. idoneus, Conrad; 
 but may be distinguished by the perforation, mamillate apex, and the smooth rib near 
 the lower suture. 
 
 A. GLOBOSITS, PL. 36. FIG. 55. 
 
 A. testa ovatd, crassd, cancellatd, umbilicatd; spird brcvi, ad apicem leevi et politd; suturis pan-is; anfractibus tribus, con- 
 vexis, rapide crescentibus, supra planulatis; costis octo, transversis, magnis; striis longitudinalibus, parvis, irregularibus; 
 anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi cancellatd; umbilico magno; aperturd magnd, sub-ellipticd; columella recta; plica columellari 
 magnd, acutd. 
 
 Shell ovate, thick, cancellate, umbilicate; spire short, smooth and polished at the apex; sutures small; whorls 
 three, rapidly increasing, convex, flattened above; costas eight, transverse, large; striae longitudinal, small, irregular ; 
 last whorl rounded ; base cancellate; umbilicus large; aperture large, sub.elliptical; columella straight; fold on the 
 columella large, acute. 
 
 Length .10. Breadth .08 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The longitudinal striae occasionally do not cross the ribs, which, in. that 
 case, are rounded and polished. The mouth is somewhat semicircular, with the colu- 
 mella for a base. On the upper whorls there are but four ribs, the rest being concealed 
 by the succeeding growth. About a whorl and a half near the apex, are perfectly 
 smooth. 
 
 This is a very pretty little shell, and bears no decided resemblance to any of our fossil 
 species. It is unusually globose for an Acteon, but can. hardly be placed in the kindred 
 genus Tornatelfa, 
 
 
30 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 A. TURBINATUS, PL. 36. FlG. 56. 
 
 A. testa ovato-conica, crassd, lam, sub-perforatd; spira breviusculd, conicd, obtusa; suturis part-is, linearibus; anfractibus 
 quinque, planulatis; anfraetu ultimo sub-angulato; basi ten; perforations minima; apertura ovatd, sub-effusd; plica columellari 
 magnd, acutd. 
 
 Shell ovately conical, thick, smooth, sub-perforate ; spire rather short, conical, obtuse; sutures small, linear; whorls 
 five, flattened; last whorl somewhat angular; base smooth; perforation very small; mouth ovate, sub-effuse; fold on 
 the columeila large, acute. 
 
 Length .12. Breadth .08 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The fold on the columeila is placed about the middle. It can scarcely be 
 seen on a front view; but when the shell is placed obliquely, it appears very large. The 
 mouth is acutely angular above, and rounded and somewhat effuse below. On one 
 specimen I have observed a small impressed transverse line near the upper suture, but 
 my other ones want it. 
 
 This little shell, though without any conspicuous characteristics, does not resemble 
 any of our described species. 
 
 A. ANGULATITS, PL. 36. FIG. 57. 
 
 A. testa tubulatd, inferne ovatd, crowd, imperforatd, lavi', spira attenuatd, conicd, mamillatd; suturis prof tindis ; anfrac~ 
 tibus sex, planulatis, prope suturam inferiorem angulatis; anfraetu ultimo angulato; basi lavi; apertura parvd, subcllipticd; 
 plied columellari obtusd, obliqua. 
 
 Shell subulate, ovate below, thick, imperforate, smooth; spire attenuate, conical, mamillate; sutures deep; whorls 
 six, flattened, angulate near the lower suture; last whorl angular; base smooth; mouth small, sub-elliptical; ibid on 
 the columeila obtuse, oblique. 
 
 Length .12. Breadth .05 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The mouth is nearly elliptical. The angle on the lower part of the 
 whorls is only visible on the inferior ones. Nearer the apex, it becomes obsolete, or is 
 covered by the succeeding whorls. 
 
 This shell is not unlike the A. melanellus, Lea, but differs from that species in the 
 angular whorls, smaller size, and want of an umbilicus. 
 
 A. GLANS, PL. 36. FIG. 58. 
 
 A. testd tub-ovatd, tenui, imperforatd, lavi, glabrd; spird ovato-conica, brevi, mamillatd; tuturis profundis; anfractibus 
 quatuor, minime convexis, ad suturam superiorem sub-canaliculatis; anfraetu ultimo rotundato; basi levi; apertura ovatd. 
 voids, effusd; plied columellari parvd, obliqud. 
 
 Shell sub-ovate, thin, imperforate, smooth, glabrous; spire ovately-conical, short, mamillate ; sutures deep; whorls 
 four, very slightly convex, sub-canaliculate at the upper suture; last whorl rounded ; base smooth; mouth ovate, very 
 effuse; fold on the columeila small, oblique. 
 
 Length .10. Breadth .05 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The mouth is very effuse below ; so much so, indeed, that it appears to 
 have the rudiments of a canal. It is acutely angular above. The fold on the columeila 
 is obtuse, rising abruptly on the upper part and declining gradually on the lower. 
 
 This little shell, from its ovate outline, and the form of its fold, should perhaps be 
 placed in the Tornatella, but the limits of these two genera are so indistinct that it is 
 difficult to decide where the boundary between them exists. I have felt the same doubt 
 with respect to several of the following species, as the A. sculptus, nitens, &c. 
 
 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA.. 31 
 
 A. SCULPTOS, PL. 36. FIG. 59. 
 
 A. tcstd oi'ato-acuminatd, crassd, sub-perforatd, cancellatd; spird brcvi, cornea, mamillatd, ad apicem lavi; suturis profundis; 
 anfractibus q'linque, convexis, ad suturam stiperiorem sub-canaliculatis ; striis transwrsis, crebris, magnis; sulcis longitudi- 
 nalibus. parvis, prope suturam infcriorcm obsoktis; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi striatd; perforatione minima; apertura 
 ovatd, cffusd; plica columellari obliqud, obtusd. 
 
 Shell ovate-acuminate, thick, sub-perforate, cancellate; spire short, conical, mamillate, smooth at the apex; sutures 
 deep; whorls five, convex, sub-canaliculate near the upper sutures; strife transverse, numerous, large; sulci longitu- 
 dinal, small, nearly obsolete at the lower suture; last whorl rounded ; base striate; perforation very small; mouth ovate, 
 effuse; fold on the columella oblique, obtuse. 
 
 Length .11. Breadth .05 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The transverse striae are extremely numerous. Near the base they be- 
 come alternate. The longitudinal sulcations are small; they are very perceptible near 
 the superior suture, but gradually become obsolete as rhey approach the lower part of 
 the whorls. The perforation is extremely minute, so much so as to be almost obsolete. 
 The margin of the mouth is continuous round the inner lip. This character is wanting 
 in young and unfinished specimens. The fold on the columella can scarcely be seen on 
 a front view. The upper side of it is perpendicular, the lower very oblique. 
 
 This shell and the last are almost too bullate to be classed with the Acteons. They 
 may, perhaps, more properly belong to the Tornatellae. 
 
 A. NITENS, PL. 36. FIG. 60. 
 
 A. testa ovato-acuminatd, crassd, perforatd, lavi, polita; spird subulatd, mamillata; suturis impressis, profundis; 
 anfractibus quinque, convexis; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi Itevi; perforatione parvd; apertura ovatd, elongatd, 
 ejfasu; plica columellari obtusd, crassd. 
 
 Shell ovate-acuminate, thick, perforate, smooth, polished; spire subulate, mamillate; sutures impressed, deep; 
 whorls five, convex; last whorl rounded; base smooth; perforation small; mouth ovate, elongated, effuse; fold on the 
 columella obtuse, thick. 
 
 Length .18. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The mouth is large, acute above and rounded and effuse below. The last 
 whorl expands rather suddenly beyond the line of the rest, and is more than half the 
 length of the shell. The fold on the columella is broad at base, but slightly elevated, 
 and obtuse. The surface of the shell is remarkably glabrous and shining. 
 
 The external outline has more the aspect of a Phasianella than that of an Acteon. I 
 know none of its congeners to which it is allied. 
 
 A. MILIUM, PL. 36. FIG. 61. 
 
 A. testa ovato-conicd, crassd, perforatd, slriatd, polita; spird sub-attenuatd, conicd, obtusd, ad apicem Itevi; suturis 
 linearibus, impressis; anfractibus quinque, planulalis; striis transversalibus, raris, impressis; anfractu ultimo rotun- 
 dato; basi crebre slriatd; perforatione parvd; apertura ovatd, integrd; plied columellari magnd, aculd, ad basim laid. 
 
 Shell ovately conical, thick, perforate, striate, polished; spire somewhat attenuate, conical, obtuse, smooth at the 
 apex; sutures linear, impressed; whorls five, flattened; striae transverse, few, impressed; last whorl rounded; base 
 closely striate; perforation small; mouth ovate, entire; fold on the columella large, acute, wide at base. 
 
 Length .10. Breadth .04 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. On the upper whorls the stria? are three in number. On the last whorl 
 they are much more numerous, particularly towards the base, where they become 
 H 
 
32 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 smaller and closer. The mouth is not effuse, acutely angular above and rounded below. 
 The fold on the columella is unusually large, and is very wide at base. 
 
 The only species of Acteon, with which this little shell could be confounded, is the A. 
 melanoides, Conrad, but its smaller size, more ovate shape, and greater number of striae 
 on the body whorl, sufficiently distinguish it from that species. 
 
 A. SIMPLEX, PL. 36. FIG. 62. 
 
 A. tettd elevato-conicd, acuminatd, crassa, l&vi, perforatd; spird atlenuatd, mamillatd; suturis excavatis, prnfundis; 
 anfractibus sex, plants, ad suturam inferiorem angulatis; anfractu ultimo angulato; basi lavi; perforations parvuj 
 aperturd quadratd, ejfusd; plied columellari lamellari, acutd. 
 
 Shell elevately conical, acuminate, thick, smooth, perforate; spire attenuate, mamillate; sutures excavated, deep; 
 whorls six, flat, angulated at the lower suture; last whorl angular; base smooth; perforation small; mouth quadrate, 
 effuse; fold on the columella lamellar, acute. 
 
 Length .12. Breadth .05 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The mamelon of the apex is large and very irregular in its shape. The 
 angle on the whorls is very near the lower suture, which gives them somewhat the ap- 
 pearance of being canaliculate. The fold on the columella is acute and very thin. The 
 mouth is angular above and below. 
 
 This shell bears a general resemblance to some of the smooth Acteons from Claiborne, 
 without being sufficiently allied to enable me to class it with any of them. It also 
 closely approaches the A. angulatus, herein described, but the umbilicus of this species 
 readily distinguishes it. 
 
 GENUS PYRAMIDELLA. 
 P. SUTURALIS, PL. 36. FIG. 63. 
 
 P. testa turritd, elevatd, crassd, Icevi, nitente, perforatd, sulcatd; spird canted, attenuate; suturis lincaribus; an- 
 fractibus octo, plants; anfractu ultimo angulato, media sulcato; sulco uno, parvo, transverso; basi carinalu; perfora- 
 tione minima; aperlurd quadratd, valdd effusa; columella triplicatd, plied una maxima acutd, duobus parvis; labro 
 dentibus magnis internis, out duobus out Iribus. 
 
 Shell turrited, elevated, thick, smooth, shining, perforated, sulcate; spire conical, attenuate; sutures linear; whorls 
 eight, flat; last whorl angular, sulcate in the middle; sulcus transverse, small; base carinate; perforation very small; 
 mouth quadrate, very effuse; columella with three folds, one very large and acute, the others small; outer lip with 
 two or three large teeth internally. 
 
 Length .20. Breadth .OS of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The sulcation on the last whorl is seen at the upper part of those of the 
 spire, forming an apparently double suture. This sulcation is triangular, with one side 
 perpendicular and the other very' sloping. Immediately above it is a little raised ridge, 
 or small carina. The sulcation is placed directly on the angle of the last, whorl. Of the 
 folds on the columella, the upper one is large and horizontal, situated immediately at its 
 junction* with the preceding whorl. The two lower ones are smaller and oblique. The 
 teeth on the outer lip are generally two, placed close together near the middle, but there 
 is sometimes a third, smaller one, below them. The carina on the base is broad and 
 little elevated, immediately surrounding the umbilicus. The mouth is acutely angular 
 above and below. This shell attains a greater size than that mentioned above, as I have 
 an imperfect specimen larger than the one whose dimensions and figure are given. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 33 
 
 Judging from description, this shell is not unlike the P. larvata, Con., from Claiborne, 
 but that species is not mentioned as having three folds on the columella, or the teeth on 
 the outer lip. 
 
 P. ELABORATA, PL. 36. FIG. 64. 
 
 P. testa elevalo-conicd, crassd, imperforatd, cestatd, slriatd; spird minime ovatd, mamillatd; suturis linearibus, im- 
 pressis; anfractibus sex, convexis; costis longitudinalibus, crebris, plants, lavibus, politis; slriis transversis, parvis; 
 anfractu ultimo rotundato; aperlurd ellipticd; columella plicis tribus magnis. 
 
 Shell elevately conical, thick, imperforate, costate, striate; spire slightly ovate, mamillate; sutures linear, im- 
 pressed; whorls six, convex; costa; longitudinal, numerous, flat, smooth, polished; stria? transverse, small; last whorl 
 rounded; mouth elliptical; columella with three large folds. 
 
 Length .15. Breadth .08 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The transverse striae are very small and do not cross the ribs. The folds on 
 the columella are of nearly equal size, but the upper one is rather larger than the others. 
 
 As the only two specimens of this shell in my possession have had the lower whorl 
 broken off, I am unable to give the full size or number of whorls, as well as to determine 
 whether there are teeth on the outer lip or not. 
 
 I have never seen a Pyramidella with a sculpture as elaborate as this. The genus 
 mostly contains plain species. 
 
 FAMILY SCALARID^:. 
 
 GENUS SCALARIA. 
 S. ACICULA, PL. 36. FIG. 65. 
 
 S. tesld turritd, crassd, imperforatd, costatd; spird attenuatd, ad apicem vix Itevi; suturis profundis; anfractibus 
 septem, valde convexis; costis longitudinalibus, lamellaribus, acutis, ad basim decrescentibus; anfractu ultimo rotun- 
 dato; basi carina minima transversd; aperturd rotunda. 
 
 Shell turrited, thick, imperforate, costate, spire attenuate, nearly smooth at the apex; sutures deep; whorls seven, 
 very convex; costEe longitudinal, lamellar, acute, decreasing at the base; last whorl rounded; base with a very small 
 transverse carina; mouth round. 
 
 Length .20. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The carina on the base is small and does not interfere with the ribs, which 
 continue to the columella. The whorls are perfectly smooth with the exception of the 
 ribs, which, on the body whorl are fifteen in number. 
 
 S. CORNIGERA, PL. 36. FIG. 66. 
 
 S. testa elevato-conicd, scalariformi, imperforatd, crassiusculd, costatd; spird attenuatd, obtusd, conica; suturis valde 
 impressis; anfractibus sex, convexis, supernc valde angulatis; costis sub-tenuibus, plants, sttperne valde productis el 
 acute angulatis; basi Icsui; aperturd, rotundatd, minime effusd. 
 
 Shell elevately conical, scalariform, imperforate, rather thick, costate; spire attenuate, obtuse, conical; sutures 
 very much impressed; whorls six, convex, very angular above; costas rather thin, flat, very much produced and 
 acutely angled above; base smooth; mouth round, slightly effuse. 
 
 Length .16. Breadth .08 of an inch. 
 
34 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 Remarks. On the upper part of the spire the angle of the whorls is near their middle. 
 Below, it is close to the superior suture. The ribs rise, near the upper part of the 
 whorls, to a short spine, and descend rapidly to the suture, where they become obsolete. 
 The mouth is small and nearly round. 
 
 This little shell I at first thought to be merely the young of S. pachypleura, Conrad; 
 but, as it is but one fifth the size of that species, with the same number of whorls, they 
 cannot be identical. 
 
 S. MICROPLECRA, PL. 36. FIG. 67. 
 
 S. testa elevato-pyramidali, tenui, imperforatd, costulatd; spird attenuatd, conicd, obtusd; suturis parvis, linearibus; an- 
 fractibus sex, convexis; coslis minutis, crebrissimis; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi lam; aperturd ovatd, marginibus ju- 
 perne disjunctis; labro acuto. 
 
 Shell elevately pyramidal, thin, imperforate, costulate; spire attenuate, conical, obtuse; sutures small, linear; 
 whorls six, convex; ribs very small and numerous; last whorl rounded; mouth ovate, with the margins disunited 
 above; outer lip acute. 
 
 Length .10. Breadth .05 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. I have felt some hesitation in placing this shell among the Scalariae, as the 
 small costa3 and incontinous peritreme of the mouth seem scarcely to warrant it. 
 
 S. MICROSTOMA, PL. 36. FIG. 68. 
 
 S. testa subulato-conicd, tenui, imperforatd, costata; spird conicd, ve3.de attenuatd, obtusd; suturis imprcssis, intcrruptis; 
 anfractibus septem, valde convexis; costis raris, elevatis, reflexis; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi sub-carinatd ; aperturu 
 parvd, obliqud, sub-rotunda; labro valde incrassato. 
 
 Shell subulate-conical, thin, imperforate, costate; spire conical, very attenuate, obtuse; sutures impressed, inter- 
 rupted; whorls seven, very convex; costte few, elevated, reflexed; last whorl rounded; base sub-carinate ; mouth 
 small, oblique, sub-rotund; outer lip very much thickened. 
 
 Length .28. Breadth .12 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The carina of the base is very small; it does not cross the costae, which 
 continue to the columella. The mouth is unusually small and nearly round. The 
 costa3 are ten in number on the last whorl, quite prominent, and reflexed. In full grown 
 specimens the one which forms the outer lip is much thicker than the rest. The ribs of 
 one whorl do not join those of the next, but lap over very closely. This causes the 
 sutures to be continually interrupted. 
 
 This shell bears a close resemblance to S. acicula, herein described, but differs in be- 
 ing more subulate, having fewer and reflected ribs, and a smaller basal carina. 
 
 GENUS DELPHINULA. 
 
 D. COSTULATA, PL. 36. FlG. 69. 
 
 D. tettd orbiculari, depressd, crassd, costata, striata; spird brevissimd. acuminatd, acutd; suturis linearibus; anfractibus 
 sex, valde convexis, supra planulaiis et leevibus; costis parvis, crebris, transversis, politis; striis longitudinalibus, obliquis, 
 minutissimii; anfractu ultimo rotundato; baii costata; umbilico magno, profundo, intus hevi; aperturd rotunda, supra sitb- 
 canaliculatd. 
 
 Shell orbicular, depressed, thick, costate, striate; spire very short, acuminate, acute; sutures linear; whorls six, 
 very convex, smooth and flattened above; costse transverse, small, numerous, polished; striiE longitudinal, oblique, 
 very minute; last whorl rounded; base costate, umbilicus large, deep, smooth within, mouth round, sub-canaliculate 
 above. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 35 
 
 Length .08. Breadth .15 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The longitudinal strise are so minute as to escape observation, unless as- 
 sisted by a powerful microscope. They do not cross the ribs. The mouth is smooth 
 within, and almost exactly round, except at its junction with ihe preceding whorl, where 
 there is a small channel. 
 
 This shell bears some resemblance to the Turbo lineatus, Lea, but is separated from 
 that shell by its entire mouth, larger umbilicus, &c. 
 
 I have felt some doubt in placing this and two or three of the following shells in the 
 genus Delphinula. Their general appearance would seem rather to make them ap- 
 proach the Turbo, but their entire mouths constitute them true Delphinulse. The genus, 
 Skenea, Fleming, seems well fitted to receive them, but it is described as having the 
 "aperture dilated," a character which is wanting in the shells at present under consi- 
 deration. 
 
 D. CONCAVA, PL. 36. FIG. 70. 
 
 D. testa concavd, orbiculari, depressd, supra planulatd, tenui, nitente, sub-striatd; spird brevissimd, obtusd; suturis 
 linear/bus; anfractibus quatuor, rapide crescentibus, planulatis; striis longiludinalibus, parvis, rarissimis; anfractu 
 ultimo sub-angulato; basi striald; umbilico magno, profundo, intus striato; aperturd magnd, ovatd. 
 
 Shell concave, orbicular, depressed, flattened above, thin, shining, sub-striate; spire very short, obtuse; sutures 
 linear; whorls four, rapidly increasing, flattened; stria; longitudinal, very few, small; last whorl somewhat angular; 
 base striate: umbilicus large, deep, striate within; mouth large, ovate. 
 
 Length .08. Breadth .20 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The umbilicus is wide and open, exposing the spire, nearly to the apex. 
 The lines of growth are very infrequent and irregular, both as to size and direction. 
 
 This little shell has no very decided character, and yet it cannot be placed with any 
 species hitherto described. Its nearest analogue is the recent Planorbis parvus, Say, 
 which it much resembles in general outline. 
 
 D. LIPARA, PL. 36. FIG. 71. 
 
 D. testa orbiculari, depressd, sub- planulatd, crassiusculd, Itevi, nitente; spird brevissimd, rotundatd; suturis impressis; 
 anfractibus quinque, convexis, politis; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi Itsvi; umbilico latissimo, profundo; aperturd rotunda. 
 
 Shell orbicular, depressed, somewhat flattened, rather thick, smooth, shining; spire very short, rounded; sutures 
 impressed; whorls five, convex, polished; last whorl rounded; base smooth; umbilicus very wide, deep; mouth round. 
 
 Length .05. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. In this shell the umbilicus is wider than in most of those herein described. 
 The mouth is small and very nearly round. The surface has a very high polish, and a 
 somewhat greasy look. 
 
 This species is very much like the Skenea depressa, a recent shell from the coast 
 of England, but it is much larger, and differs in the shape of the aperture. 
 
 D. OBLIQUE-STRIATA, PL. 36. FlG. 72. 
 
 D. testa orbiculari, depressd, crassd, diaphand, sub-cancellatd; spird brevissimd, ovatd, prope apicem longitudina- 
 liter et profunde sulcald; suturis impressis, linearibus; anfractibus quatuor, convexis; sulculis longitudinalibus, ad 
 suturam inferiorem pene obsoletis; striis oblique transversis, parvis, crebris; anfractu ultimo tu'm carinato turn angu- 
 I 
 
36 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 lato, ad suturam leevi; basi striatd, profunde sulcaid; umbilico magno, profuiulo, carimi nuirginato, i/itus l<cvi; aperttird 
 rotunda. 
 
 Shell orbicular, depressed, thick, diaphanous, sub-cancellate ; spire very short, ovate, longitudinally and deeply 
 silicate near the apex; sutures impressed, linear: whorls four, convex; sulculi longitudinal, nearly obsolete at the 
 lower suture; striee obliquely transverse, small, numerous; last whorl sometimes carinate, sometimes angulate. smooth 
 near the suture; base striate, deeply sulcate; umbilicus large, deep, margined with a carina, smooth wilhin; mouth 
 round. 
 
 Length .04. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The longitudinal sulci are quite large on the upper whorls, but become 
 smaller and closer as they approach the last whorl, while on the base they again increase. 
 The stria3 are very oblique, but are more nearly transverse than longitudinal. On the 
 last whorl, they form cancellations with the sulci, and are obsolete near the suture as 
 they approach the mouth. The umbilicus is carinate and scalariform, decreasing from 
 whorl to whorl in rectangular steps. The periphery of the last whorl is extremely vari- 
 able, being in some specimens almost round, arid in others angular and carinate. The 
 mouth is almost a perfect circle. 
 
 The carinate umbilicus and oblique strife separate this pretty little shell from all its 
 congeners. 
 
 D. TROCHIFORMIS, PL. 36. FIG. 73. 
 
 D. testa eonicd, sub-lenticulari, crassii, striatd; spird sub-ovatd. obtusa, depressii; sttturis canaliculatis; anfractibus tribus, 
 sub-convexis; striis Iransversis, parvis, raris; anfractu ultimo acute angulato, duplice carinato; basi striatt'i; umbilico parvo, 
 profundo, striis magnis marginato; aperturd sub-triangulari; labro crassissimo. 
 
 Shell conical, somewhat lenticular, thick, striate; spire sub-ovate, obtuse, depressed ; sutures canaliculate; whorl* 
 three, rather convex; striae transverse, few, small; last whorl acutely angular, doubly carinate; base striate; umbi- 
 licus small, profound, margined with large striae; mouth sub-triangular; lip very thick. 
 
 Length .08. Breadth .09 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The stria? on the upper part of the last whorl are few in number and very 
 faint; on the base, however, they are more numerous and deeper. There are usually 
 two or three of larger size round the umbilicus. The periphery of the last whorl has 
 two carinse, one upon the angle, and one immediately above it. On the superior whorls 
 these are both hidden. 
 
 This shell, in outline, seems rather to be a Trochus than a Delphinula. Its spire is 
 very much elevated, and its umbilicus unusually small for this genus, but the entire 
 margin of the mouth is a character too well marked to be neglected. 
 
 D. GLOBULUS, PL. 36. FIG. 74. 
 
 D. testa transverse sub-globosd, crassd, cancellatd; ipird planulatd, obtusa, ad apicem l<evi; suturis vix obsolete; anfractibus 
 tribus, rapide crescentibus, supra angulatis el planulatii; costis transversis, octo, magnis; striis lofigitudinalibtis, pan-is, irrc- 
 guldribus; anfractu ultimo rotundata; basi costatd et striatd; umbilico parvo, arctato; aperturd sub-rotunda, intcgrd. 
 
 Shell transversely sub-globose, thick, cancellate; spire flattened, obtuse, smooth at the apex; sutures nearly obso- 
 lete; whorls three, rapidly increasing, angular and flattened above; costas transverse, eight, large; strice longitudinal, 
 small, irregular; last whorl rounded; base costate and etriate; umbilicus small, narrow; mouth sub-rotund, entire. 
 
 Length .15. Breadth .18 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The longitudinal stria?, or lines of growth very frequently do not cross the 
 ribs. The mouth is slightly quadrate. The sculpture is not unlike that of the Acteon 
 globosa, herein described. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 37 
 
 This shell may be identical with the D. lyra, Conrad, but its ribs are entire and its 
 aperture is not dilated. It is also much smaller. 
 
 D. APERTA, PL. 36. FIG. 75. 
 
 D. testa rotundato-conicd, sub-clevatd, tcnui, sulcatd; spird brevi, obtusd; suturis linearibus; anfractibus trihts, convexis, 
 rapide crcscentibus; suhis longitudinalibus. minutis, irregularibus, pene obsoletis; anfractu ultimo sub-angulato; basi sub-sul- 
 catd, umbilico magno, lato, profundo; apertura ovato triangular!, Integra. 
 
 Shell rounded-conical, somewhat elevated, thin, sulcate; spire short, obtuse; sutures linear; whorls three, convex, 
 rapidly increasing; sulci longitudinal, minute, irregular, almost obsolete; last whorl sub-angular; base slightly sulcate; 
 umbilicus large, wide, profound; mouth ovately triangular, entire. 
 
 Length .05. Breadth .08 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The longitudinal sulci are very variable. The apex is almost mamillate. 
 The whorls are very much separated from each other by their convexity and the size of 
 the umbilicus. 
 
 This is the most elevated species of the genus that I have met with. 
 
 D. NATICOIDES, PL. 36. FIG. 76. 
 
 D. testa discoidca, crassissimd, Icni; spird planulatd; suturis linearibus; anfractibus tribus, convexis; anfractu ultimo 
 maxima, rotundato; basi lavi; umbilico parvo, minime profundo; apertura parvdj ovatd; labro superne valde incrassatd. 
 
 Shell discoidal, very thick, smooth; spire flattened; sutures linear; whorls three, convex; last whorl very large, 
 rounded; base smooth; umbilicus small, shallow; mouth small, ovatej outer lip very much thickened above. 
 
 Length .07. Breadth .12 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The last whorl almost covers those of the spire. The surface seems some- 
 what roughened. The mouth is nearly round. 
 
 In general outline, this shell bears a strong resemblance to some species of Natica. 
 In this it differs from all the Delphinulse I have met with. 
 
 FAMILY TURBINLTLE. 
 
 GENUS ROTELLA. 
 R. SUB-CONICA, PL. 36. FIG. 77. 
 
 R. testa orbiculari, sub-depressd, crassd, l<evi; spird brevl, obtusd; suturis linearibus; anfractibus qualuor, planu- 
 latis; anfractu ultimo sub-angulato; basi leEvi; callo lato, media crasso; apertura ovato-quadratd; columelld curvatd. 
 
 Shell orbicular, somewhat depressed, thick, smooth; spire short, obtuse; sutures linear; whorls four, flattened; 
 last whorl sub-angulate; base smooth; callus wide, thick in the middle; mouth ovately quadrate; columella curved. 
 
 Length .05. Breadth .07 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. This little shell has no very striking characteristics, and yet cannot be con- 
 founded with any other of its congeners. It is unusually elevated for a Rotella. 
 
 R. CARINATA, PL. 36. FIG. 78. 
 
 R. testa lenticulari, valde depressd, lenuissimd. lavi, politd; spird brevissimd, sub-ovatd, oblusd; suturis minimi's, 
 linearibus; anfractibus tribus, convexis, superne planulatis; anfractu ultimo acute angulalo, carinato, basi l<evi, politd; 
 callo paruo; apertura transversd, ovali; columella latissimd, curtd. 
 
 Shell lenticular, very much depressed, very thin, sjnooth, polished; spire very short, sub-ovate, obtuse; sutures 
 very small, linear; whorls three, convex, flattened above; last whorl acutely angulate, carinate; base smooth, po- 
 lished; callus small; mouth transverse, oval; columella very wide, short. 
 
 Length .04. Breadth .11 of an inch. 
 
38 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 Remarks. The carina on the last whorl is very large. There is a corresponding 
 depression in the interior of the mouth. Occasionally, there is an angulated line near 
 the suture of the last whorl, but this is not a constant character. The carina is rather 
 nearer the apex than the base of the shell. The substance is exceedingly thin, and has 
 somewhat the appearance of ivory. On a front view, the general outline of the shell has 
 a remarkably rhomboidal shape. 
 
 I know of no species of Rotella, except the following, which resembles this beautiful 
 little shell. 
 
 R. LENTICULARIS, PL. 36. FIG. 79. 
 
 R. testa lenticulari, depressd, tenui, l<eui, politd; spird brevissimd, sub-ovatd, obtusd; suturis parvis. linearibus; 
 anfraclibus quatuor, convexis; anfractu ultimo angulato; basi l<evi; callo parvo; aperturd sub-rotundu; columelld laid 
 curvatd. 
 
 Shell lenticular, depressed, thin, smooth, polished; spire very short, sub-ovate, obtuse; sutures small, linear; 
 whorls four, convex; last whorl angulate; base smooth; callus small; mouth sub-rotund; columella broad, curved. 
 
 Length .04. Breadth .09 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The angle on the last whorl is very variable. It sometimes amounts 
 almost to a carina. The mouth is nearly round. The callus is slightly depressed 
 below the surrounding surface. 
 
 This shell is, in part, allied to both the preceding species, but differs in the number 
 of whorls, shape of the columella and spire, and the angle on the last whorl. They 
 also differ much in thickness. 
 
 R. UMBILICATA, PL. 36. FlG. 80. 
 
 R. testa orbicular!, valde depressd, crassd, l<evi, politd; spird umbilicatd; anfractibus occultis; anfractu ultimo ro- 
 tundato, spirant tegente, ad suturam superiorem lined parvd impressd transversd; basi lavi; callo magno, tenui, media 
 depresso; aperturd rotunda; columelld lalissimd, subsulcatd. 
 
 Shell orbicular, very much depressed, thick, smooth, polished; spire umbilicate; whorls concealed; last whorl 
 rounded, covering the spire, with a small impressed transverse line near the superior suture; base smooth; callus 
 large, thin, depressed in the middle ; mouth rotund ; columella very wide, sub-sulcate. 
 
 Length .05. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The columella has a shallow groove in its centre. The mouth is almost 
 round. 
 
 This little shell, in general outline, is not unlike the R. nana, Lea, but the peculiar 
 umbilicated spire will at once distinguish them. 
 
 This genus is quite rare in a fossil state. I believe that but one, the R. suturalis, has 
 been found in the Tertiary beds of Europe. In this country the species appear to be 
 more numerous. 
 
 GENUS TROCHUS. 
 T. ARMILLTJS, PL. 37. FIG. 81. 
 
 T. testa conicd, eleuatd, crassiusculd, imperforatd, costatd, 'striatd; spird conicd, acuminatd; suturis minimis; an- 
 fractibus quinque, planis; costis transversis, tribus, noduliferis, alternantibus striis minimis; anfractu ultimo acute 
 angulato, carinato; basi valde planulalo, striis magnis et parvis; aperturd quadrilateral!. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 39 
 
 Shell conical, elevated, rather thick, imperforate, costate, striate; spire conical, acuminate; sutures very small; 
 whorls five, flat; costcc transverse, three, noduliferous, alternating with very small striae; last whorl acutely angular, 
 carinate; base very much flattened, with large and small strise; mouth quadrilateral. 
 
 Length .15. Breadth .18 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The transverse ribs are generally noduliferous, but, in some cases, they 
 are partially or even entirely smooth. The carina, on the last whorl, is always smooth. 
 The strise which alternate with the ribs are exceedingly small, so as to be invisible 
 except with the aid of a powerful microscope. Those on the base are of various sizes. 
 There are generally two large ones near the columella, and near the periphery, while 
 those between are smaller. The base is unusually flat, and the mouth is quadrangular. 
 
 T. CONUS, PL. 37. FIG. 82. 
 
 T. testti conicfi, crassd, umbilicata, striata; spira sub-ovatd, depressd, obtusa, ad apicem lavi; suturis lalis, im- 
 pressis; anfraclibus sex, planulalis, ad suturam superiorem subcanaliculatis; striis transversis, impressis, parvis, 
 crebris; anfractu ultimo angulato; basi striata; umbilico parvo, valde profundo, striis duobus marginato; columella 
 recta; aperturd quadrilalerali, obliqua. 
 
 Shell conical, thick, umbilicate, striate; spire sub-ovate, depressed, obtuse, smooth near the apex; sutures wide, 
 impressed; whorls six, flattened, sub-canaliculate near the upper suture; strias transverse, impressed, small, nume- 
 rous; last whorl angulate; base striate; umbilicus small, very profound, margined with two strias; columella straight; 
 mouth oblique, quadrilateral. 
 
 Length .25. Breadth .35 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The strise of the base are rather larger than those on the upper part of the 
 whorls. They increase as they approach the umbilicus, which is margined by two or 
 three much deeper than the rest. They gradually become obsolete as they approach the 
 apex, which is smooth. The umbilicus is not large, but very deep, so much so, indeed, 
 as, apparently, to extend to the apex of the shell. It is continued downwards in a groove 
 behind the columella. The mouth is nearly rhomboidal. 
 
 This species is closely allied to the T. eboreus, Wagner, from the Tertiary of S. Caro- 
 lina, but the umbilicus and numerous stria? are sufficient to distinguish it. 
 
 T. LENS, PL. 37. FIG. 83. 
 
 T. testa Icnticulari, inferne ct superne depresso-conicd, crassiusculd, politd, umbilicata,, striata; spira brevissimd, conicd, 
 minime obtusd; suluris latis, sub-profundis; anfractibus quatuor, planulatis, ad suturam superiorem canaliculatis; striis 
 transversis, impressis, parvis, raris; anfractu ultimo acute angulalo, carinato; basi conicd, striata; umbilico parvo, profundo, 
 striis duobus profundis marginato; aperturd quadrato-ovata. 
 
 Shell lenticular, depressed-conical above and below, rather thick, polished, umbilicate, striate; spire very short, 
 conical, slightly obtuse; sutures wide, rather deep; whorls four, flattened, canaliculate at the upper sutures; stria 
 few, transverse, impressed, minute; last whorl acutely angular, carinate; base conical, striate; umbilicus deep, small, 
 margined with two deep stria;; mouth quadrately ovate. 
 
 Length .10. Breadth .15 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The unusually long base gives the shell the appearance of a double cone. 
 The angle on the last whorl is about half way between the apex and the base. On the 
 whorls of the spire, the stria? are two in number. There are three on the upper part of 
 the last whorl, the lowest of which is the deepest. There is also a rib margining the 
 lower part of the carina, making it appear double. The outer lip appears to be very 
 fragile, as, out of four or five specimens now before me, not one has the mouth perfect. 
 The whorls are perfectly flat, or even sometimes a little concave. 
 K 
 
40 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 The peculiar lenticular form of this shell will at once distinguish it from all our other 
 fossil species. The only one, indeed, to which it bears any resemblance is the T. 
 reclusus. From this it differs chiefly in size, umbilicus, and columella. 
 
 T. TORQUATUS, PL. 37. FIG. 84. 
 
 T. testa conicd, acuminatd, crassd, politd, perforatd, crcnulato-costatd; tpird sub-conicd, dcpressiusculd, oblusd; suturii 
 pan-is; anfractibus quatuor, sub-convexis; costis tra>isversis, quatuor, noduliferis; anfractu ultimo acute angulato, carinato; 
 basi crebre et profunde striatd; perforatione parvd; aperturd quadrangulari. 
 
 Shell conical, acuminate, thick, polished, perforate, crenulately costate; spire somewhat conical, rather depressed; 
 obtuse; sutures small; whorls four, nearly flat; costce transverse, four, noduliferous; last whorl acutely angular, cari- 
 oate; base closely and profoundly striate; perforation small; mouth quadrangular. 
 
 Length .13. Breadth .12 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The carina on the periphery of the last whorl is round and polished. 
 There are three large, and one small nodulose costse, the small one being next to the one 
 nearest the upper suture. 
 
 This much resembles the T. armillus, herein described, but may be readily distin- 
 guished from that shell by its umbilicus, more ovate shape, arid more striate base. 
 
 T. ARATDS, PL. 37. FIG. 85. 
 
 T. testa, ovato-conicd, crassd. politd, imperforatd, costatd; spird depressd, sub-ovatd, obtusd, ad apicem lavi; siituris pari'is, 
 linearibus; anfractibus tribus, sub-convcxis ; costis transversis, tribus, magnis, sub-noduliferis; anfractu ultimo aii<!ulato, 
 costis quatuor ; basisulcatd; aperturd rotunda. 
 
 Shell ovately conical, thick, polished, imperforate, costate; spire depressed, sub-ovate, obtuse, smooth near the 
 apex; sutures small, linear; whorls three, slightly convex; costse transverse, three, large, sub-noduliferous; last whorl 
 angular, with four ribs; base sulcate; mouth round. 
 
 Length .08. Breadth .08 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. In the only specimen of this shell now before me, the two upper ribs are a 
 little nodulous, while the two lower ones are smooth. As this is a variable character, it 
 is probable that they may all be nodulous in other specimens. The additional one on 
 the last whorl is almost large enough to be called a carina. The base is closely and 
 deeply grooved. The mouth is perfectly round. 
 
 This shell is somewhat similar to the T. armillus, herein described, but is sufficiently 
 distinguished by its more ovate form and round mouth. 
 
 T. RUFFINII, PL. 37. FIG. 86. 
 
 T. testd conicd, crassd, costatd, imperforatd; spird elevatd; suturis minimis, linearibus; anfractibus , infernc tafinatu 
 
 et sulcatis, supcrne concavis et costatis; costis transversis, tribus, noduliferis, altcrnantibus striis minutissimis ; anfractii villain 
 angulato, bicarinato, carina superiore sub-crenulatd ; basi lavi; aperturd transversd, quadrilateral/; columella rotundatii, lined 
 impressd marginatd. 
 
 Shell conical, thick, costate, imperforate; spire elevated; sutures very small, linear; whorls , carinate and 
 
 sulcate below, concave and costate above; costse three, transverse, noduliferous, alternating with very minute stris; 
 last whorl angular, bicarioate; upper cariua sub-crenulate; base smooth; mouth transverse, quadrilateral ; columella 
 rounded, margined by an impressed line. 
 
 Length . Breadth .38 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The edge of the last whorl has two carinae, or perhaps, more strictly speak- 
 ing, a large carina with a deep groove in its centre. On the superior whorls, the upper 
 carina and groove are alone visible. The transverse stria3 are almost invisible to the 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 41 
 
 naked eye. The base is smooth, with the exception of two or three small striae, imme- 
 diately below the periphery of the whorl. As my only specimen is imperfect, I am 
 unable to determine the dimensions or number of whorls. 
 
 The smooth base and peculiar rounded columella distinguish this shell from our other 
 tuberculated fossil Trochi, some of which it much resembles. 
 
 This pretty little shell was sent to my father from the neighbourhood of Petersburg 
 by E. Ruffin, Esq., whose name I have great pleasure in affixing to it as a slight token 
 of respect for his zeal in elucidating the Geology of Virginia. 
 
 GENUS TURBO. 
 T. GLABER, PL. 37. FIG. 87. 
 
 T. testa nvato-turbinald, elevatd, tenui, umbilicatd, Itsvi, nitenle; spird elevatd, rotundatd; suturis parvis, linearibus~, 
 
 anfractibus , valiU convexis; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi lavi; umbilico parvo; aperturd ovatd, superne angu- 
 
 latd, inferni rotundatd; labro acuto. 
 
 Shell ovately turbinate, elevated, thin, umbilicate, smooth, polished; spire elevated, rounded; sutures small, linear'} 
 
 whorls , very convex; last whorl rounded; base smooth, umbilicus small; mouth ovate, angular above, rounded 
 
 below; outer lip acute. 
 
 Length . Breadth .80 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The umbilicus is small, and partially covered by an extension of the co- 
 lumella. The surface of the shell is glabrous, but not perfectly smooth, owing to ine- 
 qualities in the growth, with occasipnal faint longitudinal lines. The mouth has a small 
 internal channel-like impression where it meets the preceding whorl. 
 
 Having but one specimen of this shell, and that imperfect at the apex, I am unable to 
 give its length or number of whorls. Of the latter, a little more than two remain, and 
 about two or three must have been removed. 
 
 This shell bears so strong a resemblance to the recent Paludina vivipara, Auct., that 
 were it not found among oceanic shells, I should have little hesitation in considering it as 
 a variety of that species. 
 
 This shell is by far the largest of the genus as yet discovered in our Tertiary. It is 
 unusually elevated in the spire for a Turbo. 
 
 T. RUSTICUS, PL. 37. FIG. 88. 
 
 T. testa globoso-conicd, crassd, perforatd, cancellatd; spird conicd, depressd, acutd; suturis parvis, linearilus; an- 
 fractibus quinque, planulatis; slriis transversis crebris, magnis; striis longitudinalibus crebris, parvis; anfractu 
 ultimo rotundato; basi striata transverse et alternation; perfnratione parvd, angusta; aperturd quadrato-rotundatd. 
 
 Shell globosely conical, thick, perforate, cancellate; spire conical, depressed, acute; sutures small, linear; whorls 
 five, flattened; transverse striie numerous, large; longitudinal stria; numerous, small; last whorl rounded; base striate 
 transversely and alternately; umbilicus small, narrow; mouth quadrately rounded. 
 
 Length .12. Breadth .11 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The transverse stria3 on the upper part of the last whorl show a slight 
 disposition to be alternate, and on the base they become entirely so. The whorls are 
 sub-canaliculate at the upper sutures. The columella has a very slight incrassation at 
 the base, but not sufficient to constitute the shell a Monadonta. The mouth is angular 
 at the upper part of the columella, and round at the outer lip. 
 
42 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 I can find none of our species of Turbo to which this pretty little shell can be referred. 
 With the same number of whorls, it is hardly more than a fourth the size of the T. 
 caperatus, Con., which it in some degree resembles. And, in our species, the transverse 
 striae are large, almost deserving the appellation of ribs, while in the T. caperatus they 
 are described as small. 
 
 FAMILY CANALIFERID.E. 
 
 GENUS CERITHIUM. 
 C. CLAVULUS, PL. 37. FIG. 89. 
 
 C. testa turritd, valde elevatd, crassd, costatd, slriatd; spira acutd, conicd. valde atlenuatd, mdmiliatd; suturis linea- 
 
 ribus, tub-obsoletis; anfractibus , plants; coslis tribus, transversis, magnis, sub-acutis, leevibus; striis longitudina- 
 
 libus, raris, pare!*; anfractu ultimo angiilato; basi l<evi; aperturd quadratd; canali brevi, minimc prof undo. 
 
 Shell turrited, very elevated, thick, costate, striatej spire acute, conical, very attenuate, mamillate: sutures linear, 
 almost obsolete; whorls , flat; ribs three, transverse, large, sub-acute, smooth; stria longitudinal, small, infre- 
 quent: last whorl angular; base smooth; mouth quadrate; canal short, shallow. 
 
 Length . Breadth .15 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The longitudinal striae, from their size, although they do not cross the ribs, 
 give the shell a cancellated appearance under the microscope. The mouth is nearly 
 square. The body whorl has four instead of three striae, a very small one being placed 
 immediately below the angle. 
 
 This species bears a strong resemblance to the C. terebrale,* Adams, a recent shell 
 from our coast, but it may be distinguished by having the transverse ribs fewer and 
 more acute, the longitudinal striae less frequent and larger, and the canal longer and less 
 profound. It also approaches the Terebra constricta, Nob., but the ribs are more flat- 
 tened, and the stria? less numerous and larger. 
 
 Although not thin, this shell is extremely fragile, as out of about fifty specimens I have 
 not one full-grown one with the apex perfect. It attains a much larger size than that 
 shown in the figure. 
 
 C. CURTUM, PL. 37. FIG. 90. 
 
 C. testa elevato-conicd, tenui, sub-cancellatd, carinatd, sub-perforatd; spira breviusculd, acutd. ad apicem Itevi; 
 suturis excavatis; anfractibus sex, media carinatis; striis transversis et sulcis longitudinal ibus variabilibus; ultimo 
 anfractu angulato; basi minute striatd; perf oral tone minima, aliquando obsoleta; aperturd ovatd, superne angulatd, 
 inferne valde effusd. 
 
 Shell elevated conical, thin, sub-cancellate, carinate, sub-perforate; spire rather short, acute, smooth at the apex; 
 sutures excavated; whorls six, carinate in the middle; transverse strife and longitudinal sulci variable; last whorl 
 angular; base minutely striate; perforation very small, sometimes obsolete; mouth ovate, angular above, very effuse 
 below. 
 
 Length .15. Breadth .06 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The longitudinal sulci are very variable, being sometimes almost obsolete, 
 while at others they give the shell a completely cancellate appearance, cutting the strife 
 
 * As the name of this shell has been preoccupied, by Lamarck, for a fossil species from Grignon, I propose that the 
 name of the discoverer be affixed to it, changing it to C. Adamsii. I find also that the name of the C. cancellatum, 
 Nob., has been used by the same author. I. therefore, change it to C. spiua. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 43 
 
 and carina at right angles. The cariria is placed immediately below the middle of the 
 whorls, and, in some specimens, between it and the lower suture is another smaller one. 
 When this latter is not present, it is replaced by a stria. Between the carina and upper 
 suture there are generally two striaB, which vary in size. Those on the base are much 
 smaller than those on the whorls. The sutures are small and triangular. 
 
 This shell is unusually short and thick for a Cerithium, and its effuse mouth has 
 hardly the character of the canal of that genus. 
 
 C. DJ2DALEUM, PL. 37. FlG. 91. 
 
 C. testa subulatd, tenui, imperforatd, coslatd, striatii; spira attenuata, sub-ovald, mamillatd, ad apicem l<evi et 
 polita; suluris llnearibus, parvis; anfraclibus septem, planulatis; costis longitudinalibus, crebris, lavibus. planulatis; 
 striis transversis, crebris, pnifundi.i; ultimo anfractu rotundato; base striatd, polita; aperturd arclatd, sub-quadratd, 
 superne angulalii, infcrnc rffusd; labro aculo. 
 
 Shell subulate, thin, imperforate, costate, striate; spire attenuate, sub-ovate, mamillate, smooth and polished near 
 the apex; sutures small, linear; whorls seven, flattened; striae transverse, numerous, deep; costce longitudinal, nume- 
 rous, smooth, flattened; last whorl rounded; base striate, polished, mouth narrow, sub-quadrate; angulate above, effuse 
 below; outer lip acute. 
 
 Length .15. Breadth .05 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The sculpture of this shell is not unlike that of the Pasithea subula, herein 
 described. 
 
 With this shell, as with the preceding, I feel in some doubt as to the genus to which 
 it properly belongs. 
 
 C. MONILIFERUM, PL. 37. FIG. 92. 
 
 C. testa subulatd, sinistrali, crassd, imperforatd, costatd; spira attenuata, cornea; suluris minimi's; anfractibus 
 decem, plants; costis tribus, transversis, noduliferis, duabus extremis magnis, und media parviore ; anfractu ultimo 
 rotundalo; basi costis tribus, l(Evibus, transversis; aperturd elongato-quadratii; columelld Itsvi, polita; canale profundo, 
 brevi. 
 
 Shell subulate, sinistral, thick, imperforate, costate; spire attenuate, conical; sutures very small; whorls ten, flat; 
 costcc three, transverse, noduliferous, two extreme ones large, the middle one smaller; last whorl rounded; base with 
 three transverse, smooth ribs; mouth elongately quadrate; columella smooth, polished; canal deep, short. 
 
 Length .22. Breadth .09 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The middle costa is smaller than the two outer ones; it gradually decreases 
 on the upper whorls, and finally becomes obsolete near the apex. The sutures are very 
 small, and the whorls perfectly flat, so that it is difficult to determine their number. 
 
 This shell approaches the C. nigrocinctum, Adams, a recent species from our coast, 
 but may be distinguished by its greater proportionate length, flatness of the whorls, and 
 the difference between the size of the ribs. It is also allied to the C. perversum, another 
 recent shell, but it is much smaller, and the ribs are strictly noduliferous, while in the 
 C. perversum, they intersect longitudinal sulci. The three smooth basal costa3 consti- 
 tute another character peculiar, 1 believe, to this shell. 
 
 GENUS PLEUROTOMA. 
 
 P. LUNATUM, PL. 37. FlG. 93. 
 
 P. testa elongato-fusiformi, crassd, glabrd, nitente, imperforata, coslald; spira attenuata, mamillatd, ad apicem 
 l<evi; suturis Jlexuosis, minimis; anfractibus decem, media angulatis, inferne contexts et costatis, superne concavis et 
 L 
 
44 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 tub-tuberculatis ; costis longitudinalibus, tult-abliquit, magnis, rotundatit; anfractu ultimo rolundato; ban ttriif 
 parvit longitudinalibus; aperturd arctato-ovald; columelld redd, crassd, politd, superne valde incrassatd; sino pro- 
 fundo, lunato; canale brevi, inciso. 
 
 Shell elongately fusiform, thick, glabrous, shining, imperforate, costate; spire attenuate, mamillate. smooth at the 
 apex; sutures flexnose, very small; whorls ten, angular near the middle, below convex and costate, above concave 
 and subtuberculate; costse longitudinal, somewhat oblique, large, rounded; last whorl rounded; base with small longi- 
 tudinal striae; mouth narrowly ovate; colvunella straight, thick, polished, very much incrassated above; sinus deep, 
 crescent-shaped: canal short, incised. 
 
 Length 1.60. Breadth .50 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The upper concave part of the whorls, near the suture, has a series of indis- 
 tinct tubercles, generally large and but very little elevated. The costse end a little below 
 the middle of the last whorl, and the base is smooth, with the exception of a few longi- 
 tudinal raised lines, and an indistinct oblique stria, which marks the growth of the canal. 
 Behind the columella is a small groove, caused by its elevation above the neighbouring 
 surface. The incrassation at the upper extremity of the columella forms a large callus, 
 at the mouth of the sinus, and almost fills it up. This gives it its peculiar lunate ap- 
 pearance. There is, properly speaking, no canal. The base of the mouth is deeply 
 incised, as in the genus Oliva, without cutting off the end of the columella as is usual in 
 this class of shells. 
 
 This beautiful species agrees pretty well with the description and figure of P. limatula, 
 Conrad, (Journal of the Academy, Vol. VI.) but is larger, tuberculate near the suture, 
 and has the ribs more strongly developed. In addition to this, Mr. Conrad makes no 
 mention of the peculiar lunate sinus which characterizes the shell now before us. 
 
 GENUS FASCIOLARIA. 
 F. PARVULA, PL. 37. FIG. 94. 
 
 F. testa fusiformi, crassd, imperforatd, nitente, sulcatd, slriatd; spird elevatd, obtusd, ad apicem Itevi; suluris pro- 
 fundis, arctalis; anfractibus septem, sub-convexis; sulcis longitudinalibus, magnis, crebris; striis transuersis, parvis, 
 raris; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi profunde striald; aperturd longd, arctatd, supra acute angulatd; columelld mul- 
 tiplicatd, canale longo, profundo, sub-curvato. 
 
 Shell fusiform, thick, imperforate, shining, sulcate, striate; spire elevated, obtuse, smooth near the apex; sutures 
 deep, narrow; whorls seven, somewhat convex; sulci longitudinal, large, numerous; stria; transverse, small, few; last 
 whorl rounded; base deeply striate; mouth long, narrow, acutely angular above; columella with many folds; canal 
 long, deep, slightly curved. 
 
 Length .20. Breadth .08 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. On the superior whorls there are three small transverse striate near the 
 upper suture, which cross the sulcations. The one nearest the suture is the largest and 
 deepest. On the last whorl the sulcations end about the middle, and then, after a narrow 
 interval, commence deep transverse stria? which increase as they approach the base The 
 folds on the columella are but continuations of these striae. The aperture is very narrow 
 and somewhat sinuous, gradually decreasing to the canal. The sutures are quite narrow 
 and deep. 
 
 GENUS FUSUS. 
 F. PYGM^IUS, PL. 37. FTG. 95. 
 
 F. testa ovatd, sub-fusiformi, crassd, leevi, politd; spird ovatd, valde obtusd. breviusculd; suturis linearibus; anfrac- 
 tibus r/iiatuor, planulatis; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi leevi; aperturd sinuosd, arctatd; columflld angulalfi; canale 
 (or/o, longo. 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 45 
 
 Shell ovate, somewhat fusiform, thick, smooth, polished; spire ovate, very obtuse, rather short; sutures linear; 
 whorls four, flattened; last whorl rounded; base smooth; mouth sinuose, narrow; columella angled; canal long, 
 twisted. 
 
 Length .08. Breadth .05 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. This minute species is remarkably ovate. The canal is very long, and 
 bent at several places. The apex is obtuse and sub-mamillate. 
 
 This shell, most probably, attains a greater size than that mentioned above, as the 
 only specimen in my possession, bears evident marks of having had part of the last 
 whorl broken off. This may also have given it its peculiar twisted canal. 
 
 F. ANOMALUS, PL. 37. FIG. 96. 
 
 F. lesta ovata, sub-fusiformi, perforatd, tenui, lavi, politd; spird sub-ovald, elevatd, acutd; suturis excavatis, latis; 
 anfractibus quinque, convexis; anfraclu ultima rotundato; basi l<evi; perforatione parvd, arcla; aperlurd sub-ellipticd; 
 columella brevi, torlu; canals longo, minime profundo, sinistrorsim reflecto. 
 
 Shell ovate, sub-fusiform, perforate, thin, smooth, polished; spire sub-ovate, elevated, acute; sutures excavated, 
 wide; whorls five, convex; last whorl rounded; base smooth; perforation small, narrow; mouth sub-elliptical; colu- 
 mella short, twisted; canal long, very shallow, bent backwards towards the left. 
 
 Length .18. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. There is a small canaliculation on the whorls near the upper part, which 
 makes the sutures quite wide and deep. The umbilicus is very narrow, and almost 
 hidden behind the columella. The canal is very peculiar, being folded round the base 
 of the columella, until it extends nearly a third round the shell. There are faint traces 
 of transverse stria? to be seen on some parts of the whorls. 
 
 It is not without some hesitation that I place this shell among the Fusi. It has not 
 the straight deep canal which usually characterizes that genus, but in other respects it 
 approaches it more nearly than any other. It may, perhaps, prove the type of a new 
 genus. 
 
 FAMILY PURPURID.E. 
 
 GENUS BUCCINUM. 
 B. TUOMEYI, PL. 37. FIG. 97. 
 
 D. testa ovalo-fusiformi, crassd, imperforatd, striatd; spird elevatd. scalarfformi ; suturis impressis, profundis; an- 
 
 fraclilus , sub-convexis,ad suluram superiorem angulatis; slriis transversis, duplicates, parvis, crebris; anfraclu 
 
 ultimo rolundato, infernc striis magnis el parvis alternantibus ; basi longitudinaliter sulcatd; aperlurd quadran- 
 gulari; canale longo, retorto; columella Jlexuosa, infernc plied magnd und. 
 
 Shell ovately fusiform, thick, imperforate, striate; spire elevated, scalariform; sutures impressed, deep; whorls , 
 
 somewhat convex, angulate at the upper suture; striae transverse, double, numerous, small; last whorl rounded, with 
 large and small alternating stria; below; base longitudinally sulcate; mouth quadrangular; canal long, retorted; colu- 
 mella flexuose, with one large fold below. 
 
 Length . Breadth 1.40 inches. 
 
 Remarks. On the upper part of the last whorl the stria? are in pairs with a minute 
 impressed line between them having the appearance of double stria?. These, as they 
 approach the base, pass gradually into alternating ones. The base, immediately behind 
 the lower part of the columella, is marked with deep, somewhat semicircular, sulcations 
 pointing the successive growth of the canal. The upper part of the columella is marked 
 
46 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS 
 
 by faint continuations of the striae, not entirely obliterated by a thin deposite of callus. 
 The canal is longer than is usual with the Buccina, and is bent somewhat backwards. 
 The columella is much twisted. Close to the upper suture the whorls are bent, first at a 
 right angle, and then downwards, descending gradually to the suture. Near the middle 
 of the whorl, the strife are faintest. As my only specimen is quite imperfect, I am 
 unable to give the length or number of whorls; of these latter, portions of three remain, 
 and there have probably been three or four more. 
 
 This fine shell is the largest of our fossil Buccina. Judging from description, it may 
 bear a distant resemblance to the B. multirugatum, Conrad, but it differs in its straight 
 striae, size, want of an umbilicus, &c. It is quite rare. Mr. Tuomey whose name I 
 have great pleasure in affixing to it, tells me that he has met with but two specimens of 
 it, both imperfect. 
 
 B. PUSILLUM, PL. 37. FIG. 98. 
 
 B. testa ovatd, sub-conicd, crassd, sub-perforata, Itevi; spird ovatd, brevi. obtusu; suturis parvis, linear/bus; anfrac- 
 tibus quinque, sub-convexis ; anfraclu ultimo rolundato; basi l<evi; perforatione minimi!; aperturd ovatd; columellu 
 recta. 
 
 Shell ovate, somewhat conical, thick, sub-perforate, smooth; spire ovate, short, obtuse; sutures small, linear; whorls 
 five, slightly convex; last whorl rounded; base smooth; perforation very small; mouth ovate; columella straight. 
 
 Length .08. Breadth .04 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. This little shell bears a strong affinity to the recent B. lunatum, Say, but 
 it is less ovate, and hardly a fifth the size of that shell. 
 
 B. FRUMENTUM, PL. 37. FIG. 99. 
 
 B. testa ovato-fusiformi, acumlnatd, crassd, perforatd, l<evi; spird cornea, elevatd, obtusd; suturis parvis, linearibus; 
 anfractibus quinque, convexis; anfraclu ultimo rolundato. prope aperturam sub-undulato ; basi Itevi; perforatione 
 parvd; aperturd acuminate ovatd; canale brevi, obliguo; columella tortd. 
 
 Shell ovately fusiform, acuminate, thick, perforate, smooth; spire conical, elevated, obtuse; sutures small, linear: 
 whorls five, convex; last whorl rounded, slightly undulate near the mouth; base smooth; perforation small; mouth 
 acuminate-ovate; canal short, oblique; columella twisted. 
 
 Length .15. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The undulations on the last whorl near the aperture are scarcely visible, 
 and may be accidental. 
 
 This little shell has no very peculiar characteristics, but I cannot refer it to any 
 described species. 
 
 B. QUADRULATUM, PL. 37. FlG. 100. 
 
 B. testa ovato-conicd, crassd, imperforata, sulcatd, costatd; spird cornea, sub-elevatd, obtusd, prope apiccm lavi et politd; 
 suturis parvis, fiexuosis; anfractibus sex, valde convexis, prope suturam superiorem pene lavibus; sulcis longitudinalibus, latis. 
 profundis; costis transversis, parvis, quadrangularibus, planulatis; anfractu tdtimo rotundato; basi costatd; aperturd penc 
 ellipticd; columella curvatd, truncatd, inferne plica parvd; canale obliquo. 
 
 Shell ovately conical, thick, imperforate, sulcate, costate; spire conical, somewhat elevated, obtuse, smooth and 
 polished near the apex ; sutures small, flexuose ; whorls six, very convex, nearly smooth at the upper suture ; sulci 
 longitudinal, wide, deep; costs transverse, small, quadrangular, flattened; last whorl rounded; base costate; mouth 
 nearly elliptical; columella curved, truncate, with a small fold below; canal oblique. 
 
 Length .20. Breadth .12 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The sulcations are unusually wide and close together, rendering the ele- 
 vations between them acute. The ribs are four in number on the upper whorls, be- 
 
FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 47 
 
 sides a smaller one near the superior suture. They are perfectly quadrangular, having 
 perpendicular sides and a flat top. When they cross the sulcations, they appear slightly 
 nodulous. The spaces between them are about equal to them in width. Those on the 
 base are closer and more acute. About three whorls of the apex are perfectly smooth. 
 
 This little species can be readily distinguished from its congeners by the peculiar 
 shape of its transverse ribs. 
 
 GENUS NASSA. 
 N. IMPRESSA, PL. 37. FIG. 101. 
 
 N. testa elongato-ovatd, crassd, imperforatd, costatd, striatd; spird attenuatd, cornea, obtusd, prope apicem Itevi et politd; 
 suturis impresses, flexuosis; anfractibus septcm, convexis, ail suturam superiorem angulatis; costis longitudinalibus, latis, ro- 
 tundatis; striis transversis, parvis, flexuosis; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi striatd; aperturd sub-ellipticd; canak brevi, 
 obliquo; labro intus minute dentato. 
 
 Shell elongately ovate, thick, imperforate, costate, striate; spire attenuate, conical, obtuse, smooth and polished 
 near the apex; sutures impressed, flexuose; whorls seven, convex, angular near the upper suture; costse longitudinal, 
 wide, rounded; stria; transverse, flexuose, small; last whorl rounded; base striate; mouth sub-elliptical; canal short, 
 oblique; outer lip minutely dentate within. 
 
 Length .20. Breadth .11 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The transverse strise are small and abrupt; they cross the ribs. There is 
 one rather deeper than the rest on the angle of the whorls, above this is a very small one, 
 and between this and the suture the surface is smooth. The costae are very large and 
 wide, generally rounded, but occasionally somewhat angular. The three first whorls of 
 the spire are smooth. There are two or three teeth of various sizes on the inside of the 
 outer lip. 
 
 This little shell differs in various respects from all of our other species of Nassa. It 
 is more elevated than is usual with the genus. The strise are fewer and the costas larger 
 than in the recent N. alba, Say, to which, in sculpture, it bears some resemblance. 
 
 FAMILY COLUMELLID^E. 
 
 GENUS MARGINELLA. 
 M. CONULUS, PL. 37. FIG. 102. 
 
 M. testa obovatd, conoidali, crassd, lavi, politd; spird conicd, obtusd; suturis sub-obsoletis; anfractibus tribus, planis; an- 
 fractu ultimo rotundato; basi lavi; aperturd, longd, arctalissima; columdld inferne plicis tribus; labro incrassato, rotundato, 
 levi. 
 
 Shell obovate, conoidal, thick, smooth, polished; spire conical, obtuse; sutures nearly obsolete; whorls three, flat; 
 last whorl rounded; base smooth; mouth long, very narrow; columella with three folds near the base; outer lip thick- 
 ened, rounded, smooth. 
 
 Length .12. Breadth .08 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The whorls of the spire are very small, and the sutures almost obliterated, 
 so that they can scarcely be seen except on a perpendicular view. The folds on the 
 columella are very near the base, and quite small. The shape of the mouth is almost 
 linear. 
 
 This shell is more nearly allied to the M. incurva, Lea, than to any other, but differs 
 in the number of the folds on the columella, and the incrassation of the outer lip. 
 M 
 
48 NEW FOSSIL SHELLS FROM THE TERTIARY OF VIRGINIA. 
 
 M. EXILIS, PL. 37. FIG. 103. 
 
 M. testa acunrinato-ellipticti, compressd, teimi, Icevi, politd; spird attenuatd, obtitsii, oi-ata; stiti'ris obsoletis; anfractibus- , 
 
 plants; anfractu ultimo rotundato; basi Itevi, acuminatd; aperturd angusta, ovatd; coliimclld plicis quatuor; labro acuto, intus 
 costd longitudinal!. 
 
 Shell acurainately elliptical, compressed, thin, smooth, polished; spire attenuate, ovate, obtuse; sutures obsolete; 
 
 whorls , flat; last whorl rounded; base smooth, acuminate; mouth narrow, ovate; columella with four folds; 
 
 outer lip acute, with a longitudinal costa within. 
 
 Length .18. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The spire is covered with a smooth porcelain-like deposite, which oblite- 
 rates the sutures, and renders it impossible to determine the number of whorls. The 
 most peculiar character about this shell is the internal rib, near the edge of the outer lip. 
 
 FAMILY CONVOLUTION. 
 
 GENUS OLIVA. 
 
 O. CANALICULATA, PL. 37. FlG. 104. 
 
 O. testa cylindraced, crassd, Icevi, nitidd; spird exsertd, obtusd, scalariformi; anfractibiis quinque, angulatis. prope sitttiram 
 inferiorem incrassatis; suturis valde profundis, latis, canaliculatis; basi acuminatd, striis raris, pan-is, transversis; aperturd 
 lineari, supcrne valde incisd, inferne emarginatd; columella multiplicatd; labro acuto. 
 
 Shell cylindrical, thick, smooth, shining; spire exserted, obtuse, scalariform ; whorls five, angular, incrassated near 
 the lower suture; sutures very deep, wide, canaliculate; base acuminate, with a few small transverse stride; mouth 
 linear, deeply incised above, emarginate below; columella with many folds; outer lip acute. 
 
 Length 1.60. Breadth .70 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. The line of incrassation on the lower part of the whorls, is wanting on the 
 last one. To those of the spire, it gives a peculiar bnllate appearance. The sutures are 
 larger and deeper than in any other of the genus. The outer lip is attached to the body 
 of the shell only by a small transverse plate, near its upper extremity, which causes the 
 peculiar suture. This plate does not extend to the edge of the lip. 
 
 There is a specimen of this shell, without a name, in the collection of the Academy of 
 Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. I am surprised that it has not been heretofore de- 
 scribed, as it is a remarkable shell and by no means rare. It has hitherto, I believe, 
 been confounded with one of our recent species, which it distantly resembles. 
 
 O. ANC1LLARLEFORMIS, PL. 37. FlG. 105. 
 
 0. testa ovato-cylindraced, tenui, Itevi, politd; spird subulatd; suturis canaliculatis; anfractibus . plants; anfractu ultimo 
 
 rotundato; basi Itevi; aperturd sub-triangulari, effusd, minime incisd; columella striis nullii, inferne varice parvo; labro acuto. 
 
 Shell ovate-cylindrical, thin, smooth, polished ; spire subulate; sutures canaliculate; whorls , flat; last whorl 
 
 rounded; base smooth; mouth sub-triangular, effuse, very slightly incised ; columella with no striae, a small varix 
 below; outer lip acute. 
 
 Length .25. Breadth .10 of an inch. 
 
 Remarks. On one of my specimens there is a deep narrow groove immediately below 
 the upper suture. As it exists only on this specimen, and there but at intervals, I sup- 
 pose it to be merely a fortuitous character. The mouth is acutely angular above and 
 wide below. 
 
 The peculiar conformation of the columella and base of the mouth seem to place this 
 shell among the Ancillarise, but its sutures and naked spire separate it from that genus. 
 

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