"Sty of Cahionua 
 
 - T3 /-krri C\T\ JVL
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES
 
 *1 
 
 */
 
 " LORD Clarendon particularly excels in characters, 
 " which if drawn with precision and elegance are 
 
 , " as difficult to the writers, as they are agreeable 
 " to the readers of history. He is, in this parti- 
 " cular, as unrivalled among the moderns as 
 " Tacitus is among the ancients. They both 
 " saw those nice distinctions, and specific dif- 
 *' ferences in human nature which are visible 
 " only to the sagacious. He paints himself in 
 " drawing the characters of others, and we every 
 *' where see the clear and exact comprehension, 
 " the uncommon learning, the dignity, and equity 
 " of the Lord Chancellor in his character as a 
 " writer. Granger's biog, hist.
 
 CHARACTERS 
 
 OF 
 
 EMINENT MEN 
 
 IN THE REIGNS OF 
 
 CHARLES I. AND II. 
 
 3[nriutung; tfjc fte&dUon, 
 
 FROM TrfE WORKS OF 
 
 LORD CHANCELLOR CLARENDON. 
 
 LONDON : 
 
 PRINTED FOR R. FAULDER, BOND-STREET. 
 MDCCXCIII,
 
 p/l 
 
 311 
 CU 
 
 ADVERTISEMENT. 
 
 JL HE design of this publication is to present to the reader 
 suck parts of the history of the rebellion, and the subsequent 
 eerafrom the restoration to the banishment of the noble au- 
 thor in 1667, as develop the principles and conduct of the 
 parties concerned. 
 
 It is to be lamented, that more attention was not paid tt 
 chronological order in the original work, where, besides an 
 almost total deficiency of dates, the chief personages are fre- 
 quently described, both at the time when they became conspicu- 
 tus in public life, and at their deaths. In the arrangement of 
 this selection, the former period is generally adopted ; and, 
 although the editor, in combining the different parts, has, 
 taken the liberty to retrench some passages which appear- 
 ed to him redundant, yet he has scrupulously avoided 
 making any alteration in the language of his author, because, 
 as an eminent writer * has observed, ' it is characteristical 
 of the age in which he wrote; and when the language is 
 thanged, we are not sure the sense is the same.' 
 
 To the present age, it is presumed, this volume may af- 
 ford an instructive lesson, in disclosing the ambitious views 
 of the principal actors at a time when this country was 
 involved in all the horrors of civil war, resembling those 
 
 * Boswell's Johnson. 410. II. 514.
 
 [vi] 
 
 which so lately have laid waste the kingdom of France , and 
 disturbed the peace of the nations of Europe: and as similar 
 causes must produce similar effects, it no less becomes our 
 duty, than our interest, to guard against the visionary pro- 
 jects of those .who, in their endeavours to reform the English 
 constitution, would endanger those substantial blessings which 
 were secured to us, not by the fury of the times of Charles the 
 Jirst; but at the peaceable and glorious revolution in 1688. 
 
 E. T. 
 
 *** A few copies are printed in 410. as an Appendage ta 
 the Memoirs de Grammont; or for the convenience of 
 those who may wish to embellish them with engraved por- 
 traits, of which above an hundred may be found in Brom- 
 ley's catalogue.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 Ipage 
 INTRODUCTION, (state of Europe in 1639), 131015 
 Charles I. and his minister Buckingham, 16- 22 
 
 View of the Court after Buckingham's death, 23- 43 
 Projectors of Ship-money, - - 44. 47 
 
 Committee of State to reduce the6cots, in 1640, 49- 58 
 Speakers of the house of Commons in 1640, 58- 6z 
 Reformers in the House of Peers, in 1640, 62- 70 
 
 in the House of Commons, 70- 78 
 
 Libellers, (Prynne, &c.) 78-81 
 Law officers appointed in 1640, . - 81-84 
 New council in 1641, &c. - 84- 94 
 Persons slain at Edge-hill, Litchfield, &c. 95-100 
 Privy-counsellors with the King at Oxford, 101-113 
 who acted with the Parlia- 
 ment, 114-120 
 Persons slain at Lansdown, Bristol, &c. . 121-126 
 Officers with whom the Kingconsulted in 1644,127-13* 
 Governors of Forts and Towns, - I 33-^3S 
 Persons slain, beheaded, &c. to the death of 
 
 Cromwell 137-161 
 
 Illustrious persons at the Restoration, 161-174 
 
 Lord Clarendon's relations and early acquain- 
 tance, 174-1.87 
 . ii more intimate friends, con- 
 cluding with his own character, 1 88-201 
 INDEX, .... 202
 
 The Roman Numerals at the end of each Character re- 
 fer to the History of the Rebellion in octavo ; and 
 Life to the octavo edition of the Life and Continu- 
 ation, in three volumes. 
 
 In note, p. 47. dele Porciia.^Tp. 79. John Bast- 
 wick died 1654. page 92. Archbishop Williams 
 
 died 1650.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 ABOUT the year 1639, when England enjoyed 
 the greatest measure of felicity that it had ever 
 known ; the two crowns of France and Spain wor- 
 rying each other, by their mutual incursions and 
 invasions, whilst they had both a civil war in their 
 own bowels j the former, by frequent rebellions 
 from their own factions arid animosities ; the latter, 
 by the defection of Portugal; and both laboured 
 more to ransack and burn each others dominions, 
 than to extinguish their own fire : all Germany 
 weltering in its own blood ; and contributing to 
 each others destruction, that the poor crown of 
 Sweden might grow great out of their ruins, and at 
 their charge : Denmark and Poland being adven- 
 turers in the same destructive enterprizes : Holland 
 and the United Provinces, wearied and tired with 
 their long -and chargeable war, how prosperous 
 soever they were in it ; and beginning to be more 
 afraid of France, their ally, than of Spain their 
 enemy : Italy every year infested by the arms of 
 Spain and France, which divided the princes thereof 
 into the several factions . 
 B
 
 C 14] 
 
 Of all the princes of Europe, the King of Eng- 
 land alone seemed to be seated upon that pleasant 
 promontory, that might safely view the tragic 
 sufferings of all his neighbours about him, without 
 any other concernment, than what arose from his 
 own princely heart and Christian compassion, to see 
 such desolation wrought by the pride, and passion, 
 and ambition, of private persons, supported by 
 princes, who knew not what themselves would have. 
 His three kingdoms flourishing in entire peace, 
 and universal plenty; in danger of nothing but 
 their own surfeits ; and his dominions every day 
 enlarged, by sending out colonies upon large and 
 fruitful plantations ; his strong fleets commanding 
 all seas, and the numerous shipping of the nation 
 bringing the trade of the world into his ports; nor 
 could it with unquestionable security be carried 
 any where else. 
 
 O fortunati nimhim, bona si sua nor hit I 
 
 In this blessed conjuncture, when no other prince 
 thought he wanted any thing to compass what he 
 most desired to be possessed of, but the affection 
 and friendship of the King of England : a small, 
 scarce discernible cloud, arose in the north, which 
 was shortly after attended with such a storm, that
 
 C 15 3 
 
 never gave over raging, till it had shaken, and 
 even rooted up, the greatest and tallest cedars of 
 the three nations; blasted all its beauty and fruit- 
 fulness, brought its strength to decay, and its glory 
 to reproach, and almost to desolation ; by such a 
 career and deluge of wickedness and rebellion, as 
 by not being enough foreseen, or in truth sus- 
 pected, could not be prevented. 1 . 74. Life I. 70. 
 
 B z
 
 CHARACTERS. 
 
 CHARLES I. BEHEADED MDCXLVIII. 
 
 TO speak first of his private qualifications as a 
 man, before the mention of his princely and royal 
 virtues ; he was, if ever any, the most worthy of 
 the title of an honest man ; so great a lover of jus- 
 tice, that no temptation could dispose him to a 
 wrongful action, except it was so disguised to him 
 that he believed it to be just. He had a tenderness 
 and compassion of nature, which restrained him 
 from ever doing a hard hearted thing : and there- 
 fore he was so apt to grant pardon to malefactors, 
 that the judges of the land represented to him the 
 damage and insecurity to the public, that flowed 
 from such his indulgence. And then he restrained 
 himself from pardoning either murders, or high- 
 way robberies, and quickly discerned the fruits of 
 his severity by a wonderful reformation of those 
 enormities. He was very punctual and regular in 
 his devotions ; he was .never known to enter upon 
 his recreations or sports, though ever so early in
 
 E '7 3 
 
 the morning, before he had been at public pray- 
 ers ; so that on hunting days his chaplains were 
 bound to a very early attendance. He was likewise 
 very strict in observing the hours of his private 
 cabinet devotion ; and was so severe an exactor of 
 gravity and reverence in all mention of religion, 
 that he could never endure any light or profane 
 word, with what sharpness of wit soever it was co- 
 vered : and though he was well pleased, and de- 
 lighted with reading verses made upon any occasion, 
 no man durst bring before him any thing that was 
 profane or unclean. That kind of wit had never 
 any countenance then. He was so great an ex- 
 ample of conjugal affection, that they who did not 
 imitate him in that particular, durst not brag of 
 their liberty : and he did not only permit, but di- 
 rect his bishops, to prosecute those scandalous 
 vices, in the ecclesiastical courts, against persons 
 of eminence, and near relation to his service. 
 
 His kingly virtues had some mixture and alloy, 
 that hindered them from shining in full lustre, and 
 from producing those fruits they should have been 
 attended with. He was not in his nature very 
 bountiful, though he gave very much. This ap- 
 peared more after the Duke of Buckingham's death.
 
 [ 18 ] 
 
 after which those showers fell very rarely ; and he 
 paused too long in giving, which made those to 
 whom he gave, less sensible of the benefit. He 
 kept state to the full, which made his court very 
 orderly ; no man presuming to be seen in a place 
 where he had no pretence to be. He saw, and ob- 
 served men long, before he received them about his 
 person ; and did not love strangers, nor very con- 
 fident men. He was a patient hearer of causes ; 
 which he frequently accustomed himself to, at the 
 council board ;' and judged very well, and was 
 dexterous in the mediating part : so that he often 
 put an end to causes by persuasion, which the 
 stubborness of men's humours made dilatory in 
 courts of justice. 
 
 He was very fearless in his person ; but, in his 
 riper years, not very enterprizing. He had an ex- 
 cellent understanding, but was not confident 
 enough of it ; which made him oftentimes change 
 his own opinion for a worse, and follow the advice 
 of men that did not judge so well as himself. This 
 made him more irresolute than the conjuncture of 
 his affairs would admit : if he had been of a rougher 
 and more imperious nature, he would have found 
 more respect and duty. And his not applying some
 
 [ '9 ] 
 
 severe cures to approaching evils, proceeded from 
 the lenity of his nature, and the tenderness of his 
 conscience, which, in all cases of blood made him 
 choose the softer way, and not hearken to severe 
 counsels, how reasonably soever urged. This only, 
 restrained him from pursuing his advantage in the 
 first Scottish expedition, when, humanly speaking, 
 he might have reduced that nation to the most en- 
 tire obedience that could have been wished. After 
 all this, a man might reasonably believe that no- 
 thing less than an universal defection of three 
 nations could have reduced a great king to so hard 
 a fate ; it is most certain, that, in that very hour 
 when he was wickedly murdered in the sight of 
 the sun, he had as great a share in the hearts 
 and affections of his subjects in general, was as 
 much beloved, esteemed, and longed for by the 
 people in general of the three nations as any of 
 his predecessors had ever been. 
 
 To conclude, he was the worthiest gentleman, 
 the best master, the best friend, the best hus- 
 band, the best father, and the best Christian, 
 that the age in which he lived produced. And 
 if he were not the greatest king, if he were 
 without some parts and qualities which have
 
 [ 20] 
 
 made some kings great and happy, no other 
 prince was ever unhappy who was possessed of 
 half his virtues and endowments, and so much 
 without any kind of vice. III. 256. 
 
 GEORGE V1LLIERS; CR. DUKE OF BUCKINGHAM, 
 THE FAVOURITE OF JAMES AND CHARLES I. 
 STABBED BY FELTON, MDCXXTIII. 
 
 THIS great man was a person of a noble nature, 
 and generous disposition, and of such other endow- 
 ments, as made him very capable of being a great 
 favourite to a great king. , He understood the arts 
 of a court, and all the learning that is professed 
 there, exactly well. By long practice in business 
 under a master that discoursed excellently, and 
 surely knew all things wonderfully, and took much 
 delight in indoctrinating his young unexperienced 
 favourite, who, he knew, would be always looked 
 upon as the workmanship of his own hands, he 
 had obtained a quick conception, and apprehen- 
 sion of business, and had the habit of speaking 
 very gracefully, and pertinently. He was of a most 
 flowing courtesy and affability to all men who made
 
 any address to him ; and so desirous to oblige them, 
 that he did not enough consider the value of the 
 obligation, or the merit of the person he chose to 
 oblige ; from which, much of his misfortune re- 
 sulted. He was of a courage not to be daunted, 
 which was manifested in all his actions, and in his 
 contests with particular persons of the greatest re- 
 putation ; and especially in his whole demeanour 
 at ths isle of Rhee, both at the landing, and upon 
 the retreat; in both which no man was more fear- 
 less, or more ready to expose himself to the highest 
 dangers. His kindness arid affection to his friends 
 was so vehement, that they were as so many mar- 
 riages for better and worse, and so many leagues 
 offensive and defensive ; as if he thought himself 
 obliged to love all his friends, and to make war 
 upon all they were angry with, let the cause be 
 what it would. And it cannot be denied, that he 
 was an enemy in the same excess ; and prosecuted 
 those he looked upon as his enemies, with the ut- 
 most rigour and animosity; and was not easily in- 
 duced to reconciliation. 
 
 His single misfortune was (which indeed was 
 productive of many greater) that he never made a 
 noble and a worthy friendship with a man so near
 
 his equal, that he would frankly advise him for his 
 honour, and true interest, against the current, or 
 rather the torrent of his impetuous passions. It 
 may reasonably be believed, that if he had been bless- 
 ed with one faithful friend, who had been qualified 
 with wisdom and integrity, that great person would 
 have committed as few faults, and done as trans- 
 cendent worthy actions, as any man who shined in 
 such a sphere in that age in Europe. For he was 
 of an excellent disposition, and of a mind very ca- 
 pable of advice and counsel. He was in his nature 
 just and candid, liberal, generous, and bountiful ; 
 nor was it ever known, that the temptation of 
 money swayed him to do an unjust, or unkind 
 thing. 
 
 If he had an immoderate ambition, with which 
 he was charged, it doth not appear that it was in 
 his nature, or that he brought it with him to the 
 ourt, but rather found it there. I. 31.
 
 I '3 ] 
 
 SIR THOMAS COVENTRY, LORD KEEPER OF THE 
 
 GREAT SEAL; CR. LORD COVENTRY DIED 
 
 MDCXXXIX. 
 
 HE was Recorder of London, Solicitor General, 
 and King's Attorney before he was forty years of 
 age ; a rare ascent ! all which offices he discharged 
 with great abilities, and singular reputation of in- 
 tegrity. He enjoyed the place of Keeper of the 
 Great Seal with universal reputation (and sure jus- 
 tice was never better administered) for the space of 
 about sixteen years even to his death, which was 
 another important circumstance of his felicity; that 
 great office being so slippery, that no man had 
 died in it before, for near the space of forty years; 
 rror had his successors some time after him much 
 better fortune. 
 
 He was a man of wonderful gravity and wisdom ; 
 and understood not only the whole science and 
 mystery of the law, at least equally with any man 
 who had ever sat in that place; but had a clear 
 conception of the whole policy of the government 
 both of church and state, which, by the unskil- 
 fulness of some well-meaning men, justled each the 
 other too much.
 
 He knew the temper, disposition, and genius of 
 the kingdom most exactly ; saw their spirits grow 
 every day more sturdy, inquisitive, and impatient : 
 and therefore naturally abhorred all innovations, 
 which, he foresaw, would produce ruinous effects. 
 Yet many, who stood at a distance, thought he was 
 not active, and stout enough in opposing those in- 
 novations. For though, by his place, he presided 
 in all public councils, and was most sharp -sighted 
 in the consequence of things ; yet he was seldom 
 known to speak in matters of state, which he well 
 knew were, for the most part, concluded, before 
 they were brought to that public agitation; 
 nev;r, in foreign affairs, which the vigour of his 
 judgment could well have comprehended : nor 
 indeed freely in any thing, but what immediately, 
 and plainly concerned the justice of the kingdom ; 
 and in that, as much as he could, he procured re- 
 ferences to the judges. Though, in his nature, he 
 had not only a firm gravity, but a severity, and 
 even some morosity ; yet it was so happily tem- 
 pered, and his courtesy, and affability towards all 
 men so transcendent, and so much without affec- 
 tation, that it marvelously recommended him to 
 all men of all degrees, and he was looked upon as
 
 an excellent courtier, without receding from the 
 native simplicity of his own manners. 
 
 He had, in the plain way of speaking and deli- 
 very, without much ornament of elocution, a 
 strange power of making himself believed : the 
 only justifiable design of eloquence. He died in a 
 season most opportune, in which a wise man would 
 have prayed to have finished his course, and which, 
 in truth, crowned his other signal prosperity hi 
 the world. I. 45. 131. 
 
 SIR RICHARD WESTON ; CR. EARL OF PORTLAND, 
 LOUD HIGH TREASURER DIED MDCXXXIV. 
 
 HE was a gentleman of a very ancient extraction 
 hy father and mother. His education had been 
 very good amongst books and men. After some 
 years study of the law, in the Middle Temple, he 
 travelled into foreign parts, and at an age fit to 
 make observations, and reflections; out of which 
 that, which is commonly called experience, is con- 
 stituted. After this he betook himself to the court, 
 and lived there some years ; at that distance, and
 
 [ 26 3 
 
 with that awe, as was agreeable to the modesty of 
 the age, when men were seen some time, before 
 they were known ; and well known, before they 
 were preferred, or durst pretend to it. He took 
 more pains in examining and inquiring into other 
 men's offices, than in the discharge of his own ; and 
 not so much joy in what he had, as trouble and 
 agony for what he had not. The truth is, he had 
 so vehement a desire to be the sole favourite, that 
 he had no relish of the power he had : and in that 
 contention he had many rivals, who had credit 
 enough to do him ill offices, though not enough to 
 satisfy their own ambition ; the king himself being 
 resolved to hold the reins in his own hands, and to 
 put no further trust in others, than was necessary 
 for the capacity they served in. Which resolution 
 in his majesty was no sooner believed, and the 
 Treasurer's pretence taken notice of, than he found 
 the number of his enemies exceedingly increased, 
 and others to be less eager in the pursuit of his 
 friendship; and every day discovered some infir- 
 mities in him, which being before known to few, 
 and not taken notice of, did now expose him both 
 to public reproach, and to private animosities : 
 and even his vices admitted those contradictions in
 
 [ '7 ] 
 
 them, that he could hardly enjoy the pleasant fruit- 
 of any of them. 
 
 He quickly lost the character of a bold, stout, 
 and magnanimous man, which he had been long;' 
 reputed to be, in worse times; and in his most 
 prosperous season, fell under the reproach of being 
 a man of big looks, and of a mean and abject spirit. 
 
 To conclude, all the honours the king conferred 
 upon him (as he made him a Baron, then an Earl, 
 and Knight of the Garter ; and above this, gave a 
 young beautiful lady, nearly allied to his majesty,* 
 and to the crown of Scotland, in marriage to his 
 eldest son) could not make him think himself great 
 enough. Nor could all the king's bounties, nor 
 his own large accessions, raise a fortune to his heir ; 
 but after six or eight years spent in outward opu- 
 lency, and inward murmur and trouble that it was 
 not greater; after vast sums of money and great 
 wealth gotten, and rather consumed than enjoyed ; 
 without any sense or delight in so great prosperity, 
 with the agony that it was no greater; he died un- 
 lamented by any; bitterly mentioned by most who 
 never pretended to love him ; and severely censured, 
 and complained of by those who expected most 
 * A daughter of Esme Stuart, Duke of Lenox.
 
 C 28 j 
 
 from him, and deserved best of him ; and left a 
 numerous family, which was in a short time worn 
 out, and yet outlived the fortune he left behind 
 him.* I. 47. 
 
 SIR HENRY MONTAGU, f LORD PRIVY SEAL, CR. 
 EARL OF MANCHESTER. DIED MDCXLII. 
 
 HE was a man of great industry, and sagacity 
 in business, which he delighted in exceedingly ; 
 
 * The following is the substance of a ridiculous story re- 
 specting him. The Earl of Tullibardine, with the Trea- 
 urer's permission, gave him a memorandum of a promise 
 to Sir Julius Czsar : some days after, the Treasurer found 
 this paper, of which he had no recollection, arid in which 
 was only written " remember Caesar." After a serious de- 
 liberation with his friends, the paper was supposed to be an 
 intimation of a conspiracy against his life ; he accordingly 
 kept himself at home, and refused admission to any but 
 known friends ; till, on the Earl of Tullibardine's again ask- 
 ing him " if he had remembered Caesar, " the Treasurer 
 recollected the ground of his perturbation. I. 52. 
 
 + He had been Lord Chief Justice of the King's Bench, and 
 Lord High Treasurer : and was created Viscount Mandeville 
 in the reign of James I.
 
 and preserved so great a vigour of mind, evert 
 to his death (when he was very near eighty years 
 of age) that some, who had known him in his 
 younger years, did believe him to have much 
 quicker parts in his age, than before. His 
 honours had grown faster upon him than his for- 
 tunes, which made him too solicitous to advance 
 the latter, by all the ways which offered them- 
 selves; whereby he exposed himself to some in- 
 convenience, and many reproaches, arid became 
 less capable of serving the public by his coun- 
 sels, and authority ; which his known wisdom, 
 long experience, and confessed gravity, and ability, 
 would have enabled him to have done; most men 
 considering more the person that speaks, than 
 the things he says. And he was unhappily too 
 . much used as a check upon the lord Coventry; 
 and when that lord perplexed their counsels 
 and designs, with inconvenient objections in law, 
 the authority of the lord Manchester, who had 
 trod the same paths, was still called upon; and he 
 did too frequently gratify their unjustifiable de- 
 signs and pretences : a guilt and mischief, all men 
 who are obnoxious, or who are thought to be so, 
 are liable to, and can hardly preserve themselves 
 C
 
 [ 30 J 
 
 from. But his virtues so far weighed down his in- 
 firmities, that he maintained a good general repu- 
 tation and credit with the whole nation, and 
 people; he being always looked upon, as full of 
 integrity, and zeal to the protestant religion, as it 
 was established by law, and of unquestionable 
 loyalty, duty, and fidelity to the king ; which two 
 qualifications will ever gather popular breath 
 enough to fill the sails, if the vessel be competently 
 provided with ballast. He died in a lucky time, 
 in the beginning of the rebellion, when neither 
 religion, loyalty, law, nor wisdom, could have pro- 
 vided for any man's security. I. 54. 
 
 THOMAS HOWARD, EARL OF ARUNDEL; EARL MAR- 
 SHAL OF ENGLAND DIED MDCXLVI. 
 
 WAS the next officer of state who, in his own 
 right, and quality, preceded the rest of the council. 
 He was generally thought to be a proud man, who 
 lived always within himself, and to himself, con- 
 versing little with any who were in common con- 
 versation ; so that he seemed to live, as it were, in 
 another nation, his house being a place to which
 
 [ 3' ] 
 
 all people resorted who resorted to no other place j 
 strangers, or such who affected to look like stran- 
 gers, and dressed themselves accordingly. He re- 
 sorted sometimes to the court, because there only, 
 was a greater man than himself; and went thither 
 the seldomer, because there was a greater man than 
 himself. He lived towards all favourites, and great 
 officers, without any kind of condescension, and 
 rather suffered himself to be ill treated by their 
 power and authority (for he was often in disgrace, 
 and once or twice prisoner in the tower) than to 
 descend in making any application to them. He 
 was willing to be thought a scholar, and to un- 
 derstand the most mysterious parts of antiquity, 
 because he made a wonderful and costly purchase 
 of excellent statues, whilst he was in Italy and in 
 Rome (some whereof he could never obtain per- 
 mission to remove from Rome, though -he had paid 
 for them) and had a rare collection of the most 
 curious medals. As to all parts of learning he was 
 almost illiterate, and thought no other part of his- 
 tory so considerable, as what related to his own 
 family ; in which, no doubt, there had been some 
 very memorable persons. It cannot be denied that 
 he Lad in his person, in his aspect, and counte- 
 
 C 2
 
 [ 3* ] 
 
 nance, the appearance of a great man, which he 
 preserved in his gait and motion. He wore and 
 affected a habit very different from that of the 
 time, such as men had only beheld in the pictures 
 of the most considerable men; all which drew the 
 eyes of most, and the reverence of many towards 
 him, as the image and representative of the pri- 
 mitive nobility, and native gravity of the nobles, 
 when they had been most venerable : but this was 
 only his outside ; his nature and true humour 
 being much disposed to levity and delights, which 
 indeed were very despicable and childish. 
 
 He was rather thought not to be much concerned 
 for religion, than to incline to this or that party of 
 any: and had little other affection for the nation or 
 the kingdom, than as he had a great share in it, in 
 which, like the great leviathan, he might sport 
 himself; from which he withdrew, as soon as he 
 discerned the repose thereof was like to be dis- 
 turbed, and died in Italy, under the same doubtful 
 character of religion in which he lived. I. 55.
 
 C 33 ] 
 
 WILLIAM HERBERT, THIRD EARL OF PEMBROKE, 
 LORD CHAMBERLAIN OF THE HOUSEHOLD 
 DIED MDCXXX. 
 
 HE was very well bred, and of excellent parts, 
 and a graceful speaker upon any subject, having a 
 good proportion of learning, and a ready wit to ap- 
 ply it, and enlarge upon it : of a pleasant and fa- 
 cetious humour, and a disposition affable, gene- 
 rous, and magnificent. 
 
 After the fall of the Earl of Somerset, he was 
 made lord chamberlain of the king's house, more 
 for the court's sake, than his own ; and the court 
 appeared with the more lustre, because he had the 
 government of that province. As he spent and 
 lived upon his own fortune, so he stood upon his 
 own feet, without any other support than of his 
 proper virtue and merit; and lived towards the fa- 
 vourites with that decency, as would not suffer 
 them to censure or reproach his master's judg- 
 ment, and election, but as with men of his own 
 rank. He was exceedingly beloved in the court, 
 because he never desired to get that for himself 
 which others laboured for, but was still ready to 
 promote the pretences of worthy men. And he was
 
 [34] 
 
 equally celebrated in the country, for having re- 
 ceived no obligations from the court, which might 
 corrupt or sway his affections and judgment : so 
 that all who were displeased, and unsatisfied in the 
 court, or with the court, were always inclined to 
 put themselves under his banner, if he would have 
 admitted them ; and yet he did not so reject them, 
 as to make them choose another shelter; but so far 
 suffered them to depend on him, that he could re- 
 strain them from breaking out beyond private re- 
 sentments and murmurs. 
 
 He was a great lover of his country, and of the 
 religion and justice, which he believed could only 
 support it; and his friendships were only with men 
 of those principles. And as his conversation was 
 most with men of the most pregnant parts, and 
 understanding, so towards any such, who needed 
 support, or encouragement, though unknown, if 
 fairly recommended to -him, he was very liberal. 
 Sure never man was planted in a court that was 
 fitter for that soil, or brought better qualities with 
 him to purify that air! Yet his memory must not 
 be flattered, that his virtues and good inclinations 
 may be believed ; he was not without some alloy 
 of vice, and without being clouded with great in-
 
 [ 35 ] 
 
 firmities, which he had in too exorbitant a propor- 
 tion. He indulged to himself pleasures of all kinds, 
 almost in all excesses. 
 
 He died exceedingly lamented by men of all qua- 
 lities, and left many of his servants and dependants 
 owners of good estates, raised out of his employ- 
 ments, and bounty. I. 56. 
 
 FHILIP HERBERT, CR. EARL OF MONTGOMERY; 
 FOURTH EARL OF PEMBROKE, AND LORD 
 
 CHAMBERLAIN OF THE HOUSEHOLD DIED 
 
 MDCXLIX. 
 
 BEING a young man, scarce of age at the en- 
 trance of king James, had the good fortune by the 
 comeliness of his person, his skill, and indefati- 
 gable industry in hunting, to be the first who drew 
 the king's eyes towards him with affection ; which 
 was quickly so far improved, that he had the repu- 
 tation of a favourite. Before the end of the first, 
 or second year, he was made gentleman of the 
 king's bed-chamber, and earl of Montgomery; 
 which did the king no harm : for besides that he 
 received the king's bounty with more moderation
 
 [ 36 ] 
 
 than other men, who succeeded him; he was gene- 
 rally known, and as generally esteemed ; being the 
 son of one earl of Pembroke, and younger brother 
 to another, who liberally supplied his expence, be- 
 yond what his annuity from his father would 
 bear. Yet as neither his nature, nor his parts were 
 improvable, so they were liable to be corrupted 
 by any assaults ; his understanding being easy to 
 be imposed upon, and his nature being made up 
 of very strong passions. Whilst there was tran- 
 quillity in the kingdom, he enjoyed his full share 
 in pomp and greatness ; the largeness and plen- 
 tifulness of his fortune being attended with reve- 
 rence and dependence from the people where his 
 estate and interest lay, and where indeed he was 
 a great man; getting an affection and esteem from 
 persons who had no dependence upon him, by his 
 magnificent living, and discoursing highly of jus- 
 rice, and of the protestant religion ; inveighing 
 bitterly against popery, and telling what he used 
 to say to the king; and speaking frankly of the 
 oversights of the court, that he might not be 
 thought a slave to it. He had been bred from his 
 cradle in the court ; and had that perfection of a 
 courtier, that, as he was not wary enough in of-
 
 [ 37 3 
 
 fending men, so he was forward in acknowledging 
 it, even to his inferiors, and to impute it to his 
 passion, and ask pardon for it; which made him 
 be thought a well narured man. Besides, he had 
 an office, which entitled him to the exercise of 
 some rudeness, and the good order of the court 
 had some dependence upon his incivilities. I. 59. 
 II. 207. 
 
 SDWARD SACKVILLE, FOURTH EARL OF DORSET, 
 LORD CHAMBERLAIN TO THE C^UEEN DIED 
 MDCLII. 
 
 HIS person was beautiful, graceful, and vigo- 
 rous ; his wit pleasant, sparkling, and sublime ; 
 and his other parts of learning, and language, of 
 that lustre, that he could not miscarry in the world. 
 The vices he had, were of the age, which he was 
 not stubborn enough to contemn, or resist. He 
 was a younger brother, and grandchild to the great 
 treasurer Buckhurst, created, at the king's first 
 entrance, earl of Dorset (he inherited the title 
 from his brother, without much to support it)
 
 [38] 
 
 which exposed him to many difficulties, and incon- 
 veniences. 
 
 Yet his known great parts, and the very gene- 
 ral reputation he had acquired, notwithstanding 
 his defects (for as he was eminent in the house of 
 commons, whilst he sat there, so he shined in the 
 house of peers, when he came to move in that 
 sphere) inclined king James to call him to his 
 privy-council before his death, and if he had not 
 too much cherished his natural constitution and 
 propensity, he would have been an excellent man 
 of business; for he had a very sharp discerning 
 spirit, and was a man of an obliging nature, much 
 honour, and great generosity, and of most entire 
 fidelity to the crown. I. 59. 
 
 JAMES HAY, CR. EARL OF CARLISLE DIED 
 
 MDCXXXVI. 
 
 HE was surely a man of the greatest expence in 
 his own person, of any in the age he lived; and 
 introduced more of that expence in the excess of 
 clothes and diet than any other man ; and was 
 indeed the original of all those inventions, from
 
 C 39] 
 
 which others did but transcribe copies. He had 
 a great universal understanding, and could have 
 taken as much delight in any other way, if he had 
 thought any other as pleasant, and worth his care. 
 But he found business was attended with more ri- 
 vals, and vexations; and, he thought, with much 
 less pleasure, and not more innocence. 
 
 He left behind him the reputation of a very fine 
 gentleman, and a most accomplished courtier ; and, 
 after having spent, in a very jovial life, above four 
 hundred thousand pounds, which, upon a strict 
 computation, he received from the crown, he left 
 not a house, nor acre of land to be remembered 
 by. And when he had in his prospect (for he was 
 very sharp sighted, and saw as far before him as 
 most men) the gathering together of that cloud in 
 Scotland, which shortly after covered both king- 
 doms, he died with as much tranquillity of mind, 
 to all appearance, as used to attend a man of more 
 severe exercise of virtue; and with as little ap- 
 prehension of death, which he expected many 
 days. I. 62.
 
 [40 ] 
 
 HENRY RICH, CR. EARL OF HOLLAND, YOUNGER 
 BROTHER OF THE EARL OF WARWICK BE- 
 HEADED MDCXLVIII. 
 
 HE was a very handsome man, of a lovely and 
 winning presence, and genteel conversation, by 
 which he got so easy an admission into the court 
 and grace of king James, that he gave over the 
 thought of further intending the life of a soldier. 
 He took more care to be thought a good friend to 
 parliaments, than a good servant to his master, 
 and was thought to say too little of his having fail- 
 ed so much in his duty to him, which most good 
 men believed to be the source from whence his ca- 
 lamity sprung. 
 
 He too much desired to enjoy ease and plenty, 
 when the king could have neither ; and did think 
 poverty the most insupportable evil that could 
 befal any man in the world. I. 62. III. 271,
 
 U* ] 
 
 SIR JOHN COKE, SECRETARY OP STATE DIED 
 
 MDCXLIV. 
 
 HE was a man of a very narrow education, and 
 a narrower nature ; having continued long in the 
 university of Cambridge, * where he had gotten Latin 
 learning enough; and afterwards in the country in 
 the condition of a private gentleman, till after he 
 was fifty years of age ; when, upon some reputation 
 he had for industry and diligence, he was called to 
 some painful employment in the office of the navy, 
 which he discharged well; and afterwards to be 
 master of requests, and then to be secretary of 
 state; which he enjoyed to a great age: and was 
 a man rather unadorned with any parts of vigour 
 and quickness, and unendowed with any notable 
 virtues, than notorious for any weakness or defect 
 of understanding, or transported with any vicious 
 inclinations, appetite to money only excepted. His 
 cardinal perfection was industry, and his most emi- 
 nent infirmity covetousness. His long experience 
 had informed him well of the state and affairs of 
 England; but of foreign transactions, or the com- 
 mon interest of Christian princes, he was entirely 
 undiscerning and ignorant. I. 64. 122. 
 
 * For which he was M. P. and a fellow of trinity college.
 
 [4*3 
 
 SIR DUDLEY CARLETON, CR. TISCOUNT DOR- 
 CHESTER; ONE OF THE PRINCIPAL SECRE- 
 TARIES OF STATE DIED MDCXXXI. 
 
 HE was of a quite contrary nature, constitution, 
 and education,* and understood all that related to 
 foreign employments, and the condition of other 
 princes, and nations very well; but was unac- 
 quainted with the government, laws, and customs 
 of his own country, and the nature of the people. 
 He was a younger son in a good gentleman's fa- 
 mily, and bred in Christ church, in the univer- 
 sity of Oxford, where he was a student of the 
 foundation, and a young man of parts, and to- 
 wardly expectation. 
 
 He was twice ambassador extraordinary in Hol- 
 land, and was the last who was admitted to be 
 
 Compared with Sir J. Coke. 
 
 Sir Dudley Carleton lived in times, when men imagined 
 to themselves some unknown bliss from untried govern- 
 ments ; when public clamours were loud, and dessention* 
 high: and byway of mitigating all such restlesness of spirit, 
 he used frequently to say, that " There will be mistakes in 
 divinity, while men preach, and errors in government, while 
 men govern." iog , Die.
 
 [43 1 
 
 present, and to vote in the general assembly of 
 the states, under that character; of which great 
 privilege the crown had been possessed from a 
 great part of the reign of queen Elizabeth, and 
 through the time of king James, to that moment ; 
 which administered fresh matter of murmur for 
 the giving up the towns of the Brill and Flushing, 
 which had been done some years before by king 
 James; without which men thought those states 
 would not have had the courage so soon to have 
 degraded the crown of England from a place in 
 their councils, which had prospered so eminently 
 under the shadow of that power and support. At 
 soon as he returned from Holland, he was called to 
 the privy-council. The making him secretary 
 of state, and a peer of the realm, when his estate 
 was scarce visible, was the last piece of workman- 
 ship the duke of Buckingham lived to finish, who 
 seldom satisfied himself with conferring a single 
 obligation. I. 64.
 
 [44] 
 
 WILLIAM NOY, ATTORNEY-GENERAL DIED 
 
 MDCXXXIV. 
 
 HE was by much industry and importunity from 
 court, persuaded to accept that place, for which 
 all other men laboured (being the best for profit 
 that profession is capable of) , and so he suffered 
 himself to be made the king's attorney-general. 
 The court made no impression upon his manners j 
 upon his mind it did : and though he wore about 
 him an affected morosity, which made him unapt 
 to flatter other men, yet even that morosity and 
 pride rendered him the most liable to be grossly 
 flattered himself, that can be imagined. And by 
 this means the great persons, who steered the 
 public affairs, by admiring his parts, and extolling 
 his judgment, as well to his face, as behind his 
 back, wrought upon him by degrees, for the emi- 
 nency of the service, to be an instrument in all 
 their designs; thinking that he could not give a 
 clearer testimony, that his knowledge in the law 
 was greater than all other men's, than by making 
 that law, which all other men believed not to be so. 
 So he moulded, framed, and pursued, the odious
 
 I 45 ] 
 
 project of soap ; and with his own hand drew, and 
 prepared the writ for ship-money ;* both which 
 will be the 1'ascing monuments of his fame. In a 
 word, he was an unanswerable instance, how ne- 
 cessary a good education, and a knowledge of men, 
 are, to make a wise man, at least, a man fit for bu- 
 siness. I. 73. 
 
 SIR JOHN FINCH, LORD CH. JUST. COMMON PLEAS; 
 CR. LORD FINCH OF FORDW1CH, LORD KEEPER. 
 DIED IN EXILE MDCLX. 
 
 HE hnd much that the other f wanted, but no- 
 thing that the other had. Having led a free life, 
 in a restrained fortune, and having set up upon the 
 
 * It was directed to the sheriff of every county in England 
 *' to provide a ship of war for the king's service, and to send 
 " it amply provided and fitted, by such a day, to uch a 
 ' place (and with that writ were sent to each sheriff instruc- 
 " tions) that, instead of a thip, he should levy upon his county 
 " such a sum of money, and return the same to the treasurer 
 " of the navy, for his majesty's use." Hence the denomi- 
 ation of ship-money. 1.68. 
 
 + Noy.- 
 
 D
 
 [46] 
 
 stock of a good wit, and natural parts, without the 
 superstructure of much knowledge in the profes- 
 sion by which he was to grow; he was willing to 
 use those weapons in which he had most skill, and 
 so (being not unseen in the affections of the court, 
 but not having reputation enough to guide, or re- 
 form them) he took up ship-money where Mr. 
 Noy left it; and, being a judge, carried it up to 
 that pinnacle, from whence he almost broke his 
 own neck ; having, in his journey thither, had too 
 much influence on his brethren to induce them 
 to concur in a judgment they had a.11 cause to re- 
 pent.* To which, his declaration after he was 
 
 * " These men (said our author, in a speech to the lords) 
 have, upon vulgar fears, delivered up the precious forts they 
 were trusted with, almost without assault ; and in a tame, 
 easy trance of flattery and servitude, lost and forfeited 
 (shamefully forfeited) that reputation, awe, and reverence, 
 which the wisdom, courage, and gravity, of their venerable 
 predecessors, had contracted and fastened to their places ; 
 and have even rendered that study and profession, which in 
 all ages hath been, and I hope now shall be, of honourable 
 estimation, so contemptible and vile, that had not this 
 blessed day come (the day of impeachment of the six judges) 
 all men would have had that quarrel to the law itself, which
 
 C473 
 
 keeper of the great seal of England, must be 
 added, upon a demurrer put in to a bill before 
 him, which had no other equity in it, than an or- 
 der of the lords of the council; " that whilst he 
 " was keeper, no man should be so saucy as to 
 t dispute those orders, but that the wisdom of that 
 ' board should be always ground enough for him 
 " to make a decree in chancery:" which was so 
 great an aggravation of the excess of that table, 
 that it received more prejudice from that act of 
 unreasonable countenance and respect, than from 
 all the contempt that could possibly have been of- 
 fered to it. I. 73. 
 
 GEORGE ABBOT, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY; 
 DIED MDCXXXIII. 
 
 HE considered the Christian religion no otherwise, 
 than as it abhorred and reviled popery, and valued 
 those men most, who did that the most furiously. 
 
 Marcius Porcius had to the Greek tongue, who thought it a 
 mockery to learn that language, the masters whereof lived in 
 fcondage under others. " State Trials, I. 709. VII. 309. 
 D 2
 
 [ 48 3 
 
 For the strict observation of the discipline of the 
 church, or the conformity to the articles, or ca- 
 nons established, he made little inquiry, and took 
 less care; and having himself made a very little 
 progress in the ancient and solid study of divinity, 
 he adhered only to the doctrine of Calvin ; and for 
 his sake, did not think so ill of the discipline as he 
 ought to have done. But if men prudently for- 
 bore a public reviling, and railing at the hierarchy, 
 and ecclesiastical government, let their opinions 
 and private practice be what they would, they were 
 not only secure from any inquisition of his, but 
 acceptable to him, and, at least, equally preferred 
 by him. And though many other bishops plainly 
 discerned the mischiefs, which daily broke in to 
 the prejudice of religion, by his defects and re- 
 missness, and prevented it in their own diocesses 
 as much as they could, and gave all their counte- 
 nance to men of other parts, and other principles; 
 and though the bishop of London, Dr. Laud, from 
 the time of his authority and credit with the king, 
 had applied all the remedies he could to those de- 
 fections, and from the time of his being chancellor 
 of Oxford, had much discountenanced, and almost 
 suppressed that spirit, by encouraging another
 
 [49] 
 
 kind of learning and practice, in that university, 
 which was indeed according to the doctrine of the 
 church of England; yet that temper in the arch- 
 bishop, whose house was a sanctuary to the most 
 eminent of that factious party, and who licensed 
 their most pernicious writings, left his successor a 
 very difficult work to do, to reform, and reduce a 
 church into order, that had been so long neglected, 
 and that was so ill filled by many weak, and more 
 wilful church-men. I. 88. 
 
 WILLIAM LAUD, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY; 
 BEHEADED MDCXLIV. 
 
 HE was a man of great parts, and very exem- 
 plary virtues, alloyed and discredited by some un- 
 popular, natural infirmities ; the greatest of which 
 was (besides a hasty sharp way of expressing him- 
 self) that he believed innocence of heart, and in- 
 tegrity of manners, was a guard strong enough to 
 secure any man in his voyage through this world, 
 in what company soever he travelled, and through 
 what ways soever he was to pass : and sure never
 
 [50 J 
 
 any man was better supplied with that provision. 
 He had great courage and resolution, and being 
 most assured within himself, that he proposed no 
 end in all his actions and designs, but what was 
 pious and just (as sure no man had ever a heart 
 more entire to the king, the church, or his coun- 
 try), he never studied the easiest ways to those 
 ends ; he thought, it may be, that any art or in- 
 dustry that way, would discredit, at least make the 
 integrity of the end suspected, let the cause be what 
 it will. He did court persons too little; nor cared 
 to make his designs and purposes appear as can- 
 did as they were, by shewing them in any other 
 dress, than their own natural beauty, though per- 
 haps in too rough a manner; and did not consider 
 enough what men said, or were like to say of him. 
 If the faults and vices were fit to be looked into, 
 and discovered, let the persons be who they would 
 that were guilty of them, they were sure to find 
 no connivance of favour from him. 
 
 On the death of the earl of Portland (1634) he 
 was made one of the commissioners of the treasury * 
 
 * In 1640, the weight and envy of all great matters of 
 rtate rested upon archbishop Laud, the earl of Strafford, and
 
 [5i 3 
 
 and revenue, which he had reason to be sorry for, 
 because it engaged him in civil business, and mat- 
 ters of state, wherein he had little experience, and 
 which he had hitherto avoided. 
 
 He defended himself (on his trial) with great 
 and undaunted courage, and less passion than was 
 expected from his constitution ; answered all their 
 objections with clearness, and irresistible reason ; 
 and convinced all impartial men of his integrity, 
 and his detestation of all treasonable intentions. 
 So that though few excellent men have ever had 
 fewer friends to their persons, yet all reasonable 
 men absolved him from any foul crime that the 
 law could take notice of, and punish. However, 
 when they had said all they could against him, and 
 he all for himself that need be said, and no such 
 crime appearing, as the lords, as the supreme court 
 of judicatory, would take upon them to judge him 
 to be worthy of death ; they resorted to their le- 
 gislative power, and by ordinance of parliament, as 
 they called it, that is, by a determination of those 
 
 lord Cottington, who were at the head of the then com- 
 mittee of state : the marquis of Hamilton, by his skill and 
 interest, bore as great a part as he had a mind to do, and had 
 the skill to meddle no further than he had a mind. I. 149.
 
 [ 5* 1 
 
 members who sat in the houses (whereof in the 
 house of peers there were not above twelve), they 
 appointed him to be put to death, as guilty of 
 high treason. The first time the two houses of 
 parliament had ever assumed that jurisdiction, or 
 that ever ordinance had been made to such a pur- 
 pose; nor could any rebellion be more against lavr 
 than that murderous act. He underwent his exe- 
 cution with all Christian courage and magnani- 
 mity, to the admiration of the beholders, and con- 
 fusion of his enemies. I. 90. II. 572. 
 
 SIR THOMAS WENTWORTH, CR. EARL OF STRAP- 
 FORD;* LORD PRESIDENT OF THE NORTH 
 BEHEADED MDCXLI. 
 
 HE was a man of great parts, and extraordinary 
 endowments of nature ; not unadorned with some 
 
 * Ana baron of Raby, a house belonging to Sir Henry 
 Vane, and an honour he made account should belong to him- 
 self ; which was an act of the most unnecessary provocation 
 (though he Contemned the man with marvellous scorn), that 
 I have known, and I believe was the chief Decision of the 
 lois of the earl's head. I. 150.
 
 L .f STBAFE'OUD

 
 [ 53 ] 
 
 addition of art and learning, though that agaltt 
 was more improved and illustrated by the other j 
 for he had a readiness of conception, and sharp- 
 ness of expression, which made his learning thought 
 more than in truth it was. His first inclinations 
 and addresses to the court, were only to establish 
 his greatness in the country; where he appre- 
 hended some acts of power from the lord Savile, 
 who had been his rival always there, and of late 
 had strengthened himself by being made a privy- 
 counsellor, and officer at court: but his first at- 
 tempts were so prosperous, that he contented not 
 himself with being secure from the lord's power 
 in the country, but rested not till he had bereaved 
 his adversary of all power and place in court; and 
 so sent him down, a most abject, disconsolate old 
 man, to his country, where he was to have the su- 
 perintendancy over him too, by getting himself at 
 that time made lord president of the north. These 
 successes, applied to a nature too elate and haughty 
 of itself, and a quicker progress into the greatest 
 employments and trust, made him more trans- 
 ported with disdain of other men, and more con- 
 temning the forms of business, than happily he 
 would have been, if he had met with some inter-
 
 t.54] 
 
 ruptions in the beginning, and had passed in a more 
 leisurely gradation to the office of a statesman. 
 
 He was, no doubt, of great observation, and a 
 piercing judgment, both in things and persons ; 
 but his too good skill in persons, made him judge 
 the worse of things : for it was his misfortune, to 
 be in a time wherein very few wise men were 
 equally employed with him; and scarce any (but 
 the lord Coventry, whose trust was more confined) 
 whose faculties and abilities were equal to his : so 
 that upon the matter he relied wholly upon him- 
 self; and discerning many defects in most men, he 
 too much neglected what they said or did. Of all 
 his passions, his pride was most predominant: 
 which a moderate exercise of ill fortune might 
 have corrected and reformed; and which was by 
 the hand of heaven strangely punished, by bring- 
 ing his destruction upon him, by two things that 
 he most despised the people and Sir Harry Vane. 
 In a word, the epitaph which Plutarch records that 
 Sylla wrote for himself, may not be unfitly applied 
 to him, " That no man did ever exceed him, either 
 ff in doing good to his friends, or in doing mischief 
 ' to his enemies ; for his acts of both kinds were 
 " most notorious." I. 259.
 
 [55 ] 
 
 SIR FRANCIS COTTINGTON, CR. LORD COTTINC- 
 TON; CHANCELLOR OF THE EXCHEQUER- 
 DIED MDCLI. 
 
 HE was a very wise man, by the great and long 
 experience he had in business of all kinds; and by 
 his natural temper, which was not liable to any 
 transport of anger, or any other passion, but could 
 bear contradiction, and even reproach, without 
 being moved, or put out of his way : for he was 
 very steady in pursuing what he proposed to him- 
 self, and had a courage not to be frighted with any 
 opposition. It is true, he was illiterate as to the 
 grammar of any language, or the principles of any 
 science, but by his perfectly understanding the 
 Spanish (which he spoke as a Spaniard), the 
 French, and Italian languages, and having read 
 very much in all, he could not be said to be ig- 
 norant in any part of learning, divinity only ex- 
 cepted. He had a very fine and extraordinary un- 
 derstanding in the nature of beasts and birds, and 
 above all, in all kind of plantations, and arts of 
 husbandry. 
 
 He raised by his own virtue and industry a very 
 fair estate, of which, though the revenue did not
 
 [56] 
 
 exceed above four thousand pounds by the year ; 
 yet he had four very good houses, and three parks, 
 the value whereof was not reckoned into that 
 computation. 
 
 He was of an excellent humour, and very easy 
 to live with ; and under a grave countenance, co- 
 vered the most of mirth, and caused more, than 
 anjsman of the most pleasant disposition. He 
 never used any body ill, but used many very well 
 for whom he had no regard : his greatest fault was, 
 that he could dissemble, and make men believe 
 that he loved them very well, when he cared not 
 . for them. He had not- very tender affections, nor 
 bowels apt to yearn at all objects which deserved 
 compassion. He was heartily weary of the world, 
 and no man was more willing to die ; which is 
 an argument that he had peace of conscience. He 
 left behind him a greater esteem of his parts, than 
 love to his person. I. 151. III." 382.
 
 [57] 
 
 JAMES, MARQUIS OF HAMILTON; CR. DUKE 
 BEHEADED MDCXLVIII. 
 
 IF he had been weighed in the scales of the 
 people's hatred, he was at that time (1640) 
 thought to be in greater danger than any one of 
 the other; for he had more enemies, and fewer 
 friends, in court or country. His interest in the 
 king's affection was at least equal, and thought to 
 be superior, to any man's ; and he had received as 
 invidious instances, and marks of those affections. 
 He had more out-faced the law, in bold projects 
 and pressures upon the people, than any other man 
 durst have presumed to do, especially in the pro- 
 jects of wine and iron; about the last of which, 
 and the most gross, he had a sharp contest with 
 the lord Coventry (who was a good wrestler too), 
 and at last compelled him to let it pass the seal : 
 the entire profit of which, always reverted to him- 
 self, and to such as were his pensioners. 
 
 When he ascended the scaffold (at his execu- 
 tion), he complained much of" the injustice that 
 was done him; and that he was put to death for 
 obeying the laws of his country, which if he had
 
 [58] 
 
 not done, he must have been put to death there.*" 
 He acknowledged the obligations he had to the 
 king, and seemed not sorry for the gratitude he 
 had expressed, how dear soever it cost him. His 
 natural darkness and reservation in his discourse, 
 made him to be thought a wise man, and his hav- 
 ing been in command under the king of Sweden, 
 and his continual discourses of battles and fortifi- 
 cations, made him be thought a great soldier. And 
 both these mistakes, were the cause that made 
 him be looked upon as a worse, and more dange- 
 rous man, than in truth he deserved to be. I. 152. 
 III.27I. 
 
 JOHN GLANVILLE, SERJEANT AT LAW f -DIED 
 MDCLXI. 
 
 HE was very well acquainted with the proceed- 
 ings in parliament, of a quick conception, and of 
 
 In Scotland. State Trial*, II; i. 
 
 + Chosen speaker H. C. April 13, 1640. At thi time, 
 the parliamentary hours were from eight to twelve at noon. 
 I. 132.
 
 S B GRANVILLE
 
 [ 59 ] 
 
 a. ready and voluble expression, dexterous in dis- 
 posing the house, and very acceptable to them. 
 When the house was in a committee, on the king's 
 demand in lieu of ship-money, he rose up, and in 
 a most pathetical speech, in which he excelled, he 
 endeavoured to persuade the house " to comply 
 with the king's desire, for the good of the nation, 
 and to reconcile him to parliaments for ever, 
 which this seasonable testimony of their affections 
 would infallibly do;" and in the warmth of his 
 discourse, which he plainly discerned made a won- 
 derful impression upon the house, he let fall some 
 sharp expressions against the imposition of ship- 
 money, and the judgment in the point, which he 
 said plainly " was against law, if he understood 
 what law was," (who was known to be very learn- 
 ed) which expression, how necessary and artificial 
 soever, to reconcile the affections of the house to 
 the matter in question, very much irreconciled him 
 at court, and to those upon whom he had the 
 greatest dependence.* 1.137. 
 
 * Besides several of his speeches, there were published IB 
 1 775 "Cases of controverted elections in the house oi com- 
 mons, in 1623 and 1624, from the MSS. of Mr. Glanville, 
 the chairman ;" to which is prefixed, an historical account of
 
 60 
 
 EDWARD, SECOND VISCOUNT CONWAY ; GENERAL 
 OF HORSE DIED MDCLY. 
 
 HE had been born a soldier in his father's gar- 
 rison of the Brill, when he was governor there ; and 
 bred up, in several commands, under the particular 
 care of the lord Vere, whose nephew he was; and 
 though he was married young, when his father was 
 secretary of state, there was no action of the 
 English, either at sea or Itnd, in which he had 
 not a considerable command ; and always preserved 
 a more than ordinary reputation. He was of a 
 very pleasant and inoffensive conversation, which 
 made him generally very acceptable : so that the 
 court being at that time full of faction, very few 
 loving one another, or those who resorted to any 
 who were not loved by them ; he alone, was even 
 domestic with all, and not suspected by either the 
 lords or the ladies factions. I. 141. 
 
 the ancient right of determining cases upon controverted 
 elections, by John Topham, Esq. of Gray's Inn, barrister 
 at law, F. S. A. These cases are held in high tstimatitn ty 
 farligmentary laagers, and election etmmittas.
 
 WILLIAM LENTHAL* DIED MDCLXI. 
 
 BEING a lawyer of competent practice, and no 
 ill reputation for his affection to the government, 
 both of church and state, he was pitched upon by 
 the king, and with very great difficulty, rather pre- 
 vailed with, than persuaded, to accept the charge 
 of speaker : and no doubt a worse could not have 
 been deputed, of all that profession, who were then 
 returned j for he was a man of a very narrow, ti- 
 morous nature, and of no experience or conversa- 
 tion in the affairs of the kingdom, beyond what 
 the very drudgery in his profession (in which all 
 
 * Chosen speaker H. C. Nov. 3, 1640. 
 
 When the king went into the house of commons (1642) to 
 demand the five members, he asked the speaker, who stood 
 below, whether any of them were in the house ? the speaker 
 falling on his knee, prudently replied : " I have, sir, neither 
 " eyes to see, nor tongue to speak in this place, but as the 
 " house is pleased to direct me, whose servant I am : and 
 " I humbly ask pardon, that I cannot give any other answer 
 " to what your majesty is pleased to demand of me." HUME. 
 
 This subject now engages the pencil of Mr. Copley, who has 
 chosen it as a companion for his celebrated picture of lord Chatham 
 in the house of lords, 
 
 E
 
 [ 62 ] 
 
 his design was to make himself rich) engaged him 
 in. In a word, he was in all respects very unequal 
 to the work ; and not knowing how to preserve his 
 own dignity, or to restrain the licence and exor- 
 bitance of others, his weakness contributed as 
 much to the growing mischiefs, as the malice of 
 the principal contrivers. I. 171. 
 
 FRANCIS RtJSSEL, FOURTH EARL OF BEDFORD 
 DIED MDCXLI. 
 
 HE was of too great and plentiful a fortune to 
 wish a subversion of the government, and it 
 quickly appeared, that he only intended to make 
 himself and his friends great at court, not at all 
 to lessen the court itself. He was of great civility, 
 and of much more good nature than any of the 
 other ; and therefore the king resolving to do his 
 business with that party by him, resolved to make 
 him lord high treasurer of England; and, at his 
 desire, intended to make Mr. Pym chancellor of 
 the exchequer, &c. He was a wise man, and would 
 have proposed and advised moderate courses ; but 
 was not incapable, for want of resolution, of being
 
 Carried into violent ones, if his advice were not 
 submitted to : and therefore many, who knew him 
 well, thought his death not unseasonable, as well 
 to his fame as his fortune; and that it rescued him 
 as well from some possible guilt, as from those vi- 
 sible misfortunes, which men of all conditions have 
 since undergone. I. 182. 254. 
 
 WILLIAM FIENNES, CR. LORD VISCOUNT SAY AN 
 SELE* DIED MDCLXII. 
 
 HE was a man who had the deepest hand in the 
 original contrivance of all the calamities which 
 befell this unhappy kingdom, though he had not 
 the least thought of dissolving the monarchy, and 
 less of levelling the ranks and distinctions of men ; 
 for no man valued himself more upon his title, or 
 had more ambition to make it greater, and to raise 
 his fortune, which was but moderate for his title. 
 He was of a proud, morose, and sullen nature; 
 conversed much with books, having been bred a 
 
 * Lord privy seal, 1660. 
 E 2
 
 scholar, and (though nobly born) a fellow of new 
 college in Oxford. 
 
 His parts were not quick, but so much above 
 many of his own rank, that he had always great 
 credit, and authority in parliament, and the more, 
 for taking all opportunities to oppose the court. 
 He had conversation with very few, but such who 
 had great malignity against the church and state, 
 and fomented their inclinations, and gave them 
 instructions how to behave themselves with cau- 
 tion, and to do their business with most security; 
 and was in truth the pilot that steered all those 
 vessels which were freighted with sedition to de- 
 stroy the government. 
 
 He found always some way to make professions 
 of duty to the king, and made several undertakings 
 to do great services, which he could not, or would 
 not make good ; and made haste to possess him- 
 self of any preferment he could compass, whilst 
 his friends were content to attend a more proper 
 conjuncture. So he got the mastership of the 
 wards shortly after the beginning of the parliament, 
 and was as solicitous to be treasurer, after the 
 death of the earl of Bedford ; and, if he could have 
 satisfied his rancour in any degree against the
 
 C 65 ] 
 
 church, he would have been ready to hav2 carried 
 the prerogative as high as ever it was. When he 
 thought there was mischief enough done, he would 
 have stopped the current, and have diverted far- 
 ther fury; but he then found he had only authority 
 and credit to do hurt, none to heal the wounds he 
 had given ; and fell into as much contempt with 
 those whom he had led, as he was with those whom 
 he had undone. I. 182. II. 212. 
 
 EDWARD MONTAGU, SECOND EARL OF MAN- 
 CHESTER* DIED MDCLXXI. 
 
 HE was of a gentle and a generous nature, ci- 
 villy bred, had reverence and affection for the per- 
 son of the king, upon whom he had attended in 
 Spain ; loved his country with too unskilful a ten* 
 derness, and was of so excellent a temper and dis- 
 position, that the barbarous times, and the rough 
 parts he was forced to act in them, did not wipe 
 out, or much deface those marks : insomuch as he 
 was never guilty of any rudeness towards those he 
 was obliged to oppress, but performed always srs 
 
 * Lord chamberlain- 1660
 
 [66 ] 
 
 good offices towards his old friends, and all other 
 persons, as the iniquity of the time, and the na- 
 ture of the employment he was in would permit 
 him to do, which kind of humanity could be im- 
 puted to very few. 
 
 No man was courted with more application by 
 persons p.f all conditions and qualities ; and his 
 person was not less acceptable to those of steady 
 and uncorrupted principles, than to those of de- 
 praved inclinations. And in the end, even his 
 piety administered some excuse to him ; for his fa- 
 ther's infirmities and transgressions had so far ex- 
 posed him to the inquisition of justice, that the son 
 found it necessary to procure the assistance and 
 protection of those, who were strong enough to 
 violate justice itself; and so he adhered to those 
 who were best able to defend his father's honour, 
 and. thereby to secure his own fortune; and con- 
 curred with them in their most violent designs, and 
 gave reputation to them. And the court as un- 
 skilfully took an occasion, too soon, to make him 
 desperate, by accusing him of high treason;* when 
 
 * With the five memberi of the house of commons. He 
 was then lord Kimbolton, by which title he had been cal- 
 led to the house of peers in the lifetime of his father.
 
 (though he might be guilty enough) he was, with- 
 out doubt, in his intentions, at least, as innocent 
 as any of the leading men. 
 
 It is some evidence that God Almighty saw 
 his heart was not so malicious as the rest, that 
 he preserved him to the end of the confusion, 
 when he appeared as glad of the king's resto- 
 ration, and had heartily wished it long before j 
 and very few who had a hand in the contrivance 
 of. the rebellion, gave so manifest tokens of re- 
 pentance as he did; and having for many years 
 undergone the jealousy and hatred of Cromwell, 
 as one who abominated the murder of the king, 
 and all the barbarous proceedings against the 
 lives of men in cold blood ; the king, upon his 
 return, received him into grace and favour, which 
 he never after forfeited by any undutiful beha- 
 viour. I. 182. II. 211.
 
 [68] 
 
 ROBERT DEVERETTX, THIRD EARL OF ESSEX DIED 
 MDCXLVI. 
 
 THOUGH he was no good speaker in public, 
 yet by having sat long in parliament, was so well 
 acquainted with the order of it in very active times, 
 that he was a better speaker there than any where 
 else, and being always heard with attention and 
 respect, had much authority in the debates. He 
 was a great lover of justice, and could not have 
 been tempted to consent to the oppression of an 
 innocent man : but in the discerning the several 
 species of guilt, he had no faculties or measure of 
 judging, nor was above the temptation of general 
 prejudice ; and it may be, of particular disobliga- 
 tions and resentments, which proceeded from the 
 weakness of his judgment, not the malice of his 
 nature. He had no ambition of title, or office, or 
 preferment; but only to be kindly looked upon, 
 and kindly spoken to, and quietly to enjoy his own 
 fortune : and, without doubt, no man in his na- 
 ture more abhorred rebellion than he did, nor could 
 he have been led into it by any open and trans- 
 parent temptation, but by a thousand disguises
 
 [693 
 
 and cozenages. His pride supplied his want of 
 ambition, and he was angry to see any other man 
 more respected than himself, because he thought 
 he deserved it more, and did better requite it : for 
 he was in his friendships just and constant, and 
 would not have practised foully against those he 
 took to be enemies. No man had credit enough 
 with him to corrupt him in point of loyalty to the 
 king, whilst he thought himself wise enough to 
 know what treason was. But the new doctrine 
 and distinction of allegiance, and of the king's 
 power in and out of parliament, and the new no- 
 tions of ordinances, were too hard for him, and 
 did really intoxicate his understanding, and made 
 him quit his own to follow theirs, who, he thought, 
 wished as well, and judged better than himself. 
 His vanity disposed him to be his excellency, and 
 his weakness to believe that he should be the ge- 
 neral in the -houses, as well as in the field, and be 
 able to govern their councils, and restrain their 
 passions, as well as to fight their battles; and that 
 by this means, he should become the preserver, 
 and not the destroyer, of the king and kingdom. 
 With this ill-grounded confidence, he launched 
 out into that sea, where he met with nothing but
 
 [ 70] 
 
 rocks and shelves, and from whence he could ne- 
 ver discover any safe port to harbour in. II. 208. 
 Life III. 782. 
 
 JOHN PYM DIED MDCXLIII. 
 
 NO man had more to answer for the miseries of 
 the kingdom, or had his hand or head deeper in 
 their contrivance; and yet, I believe, they grew 
 much higher even in his life, than he designed. 
 He was a man of a private quality and condition 
 of life, his education in the office of the exchequer, 
 where he had been a clerk, and his parts rather 
 acquired by industry, than supplied by nature, or 
 adorned by art. He had been well known in for- 
 mer parliaments, and was one of those few who 
 had sat in many; the long intermission of par- 
 liaments having worn out most of those who had 
 been acquainted with the rules and orders observed 
 in those conventions. This gave him some repu- 
 tation and reverence amongst those who were but 
 now introduced. In the short parliament he spoke 
 much, and appeared to be the most leading man ;
 
 for besides the exact knowledge of the former, and 
 orders of that council, which few men had, he 
 had a very comely and grave way of expressing 
 himself, with great volubility of words, natural 
 and proper; and understood the temper and af- 
 fections of the kingdom as well as any man ; and 
 had observed the errors and mistakes in govern- 
 ment, and knew well how to make them appear 
 greater than they were. 
 
 Certain it is, that his power of doing shrewd 
 turns was extraordinary, and no less in doing good 
 offices for particular persons : and that he did pre- 
 serve many from censure, who were under the se- 
 vere displeasure of the houses, and looked upon 
 as eminent delinquents ; and the quality of many 
 of them made it believed, that he had sold that 
 protection for valuable considerations. 
 
 He died towards the end of December, before 
 the Scots entered; and was buried with wonderful 
 pomp and magnificence, in that place where the 
 bones of our English kings and princes are com- 
 mitted to their rest. II. 462.
 
 [7*1 
 
 JOHN HAMPDEN DIED MDCXLIII. 
 
 HE was a gentleman of a good extraction, and 
 a fair fortune, who, from a life of great pleasure 
 and licence, had on a sudden retired to extraor- 
 dinary sobriety and strictness, and yet retained his 
 usual cheerfulness and affability, which, together 
 with the opinion of his wisdom and justice, and 
 the courage he had shewed in opposing the ship- 
 money, raised his reputation to a very great height, 
 not only in Buckinghamshire, where he lived, but 
 generally throughout the kingdom. He was not 
 a man of many words, and rarely begun the dis- 
 course, or made the first entrance upon any busi- 
 ness that was assumed ; but a very weighty speaker; 
 and after he had heard a full debate, and observed 
 how the house was like to be inclined, took up 
 the argument, and shortly, and clearly, and craf- 
 tily, so stated it, that he commonly conducted it 
 to the conclusion he desired; and if he found he 
 could not do that, he was never without the dex- 
 terity to divert the debate to another time, and Jo 
 prevent the determining any thing in the negative, 
 which might prove inconvenient in the future.
 
 [73 ] 
 
 He made so great a shew of civility, and modesty, 
 and humility, and always of mistrusting his own 
 judgment, and esteeming his with whom he con- 
 ferred for the present, that he seemed to have no 
 opinions or resolutions, but such as he contracted 
 from the information and instruction he received 
 upon the discourses of others ; whom he had a 
 wonderful art of governing, and leading into his 
 principles and inclinations, whilst they believed 
 that he wholly depended upon their counsel and 
 advice. No man had ever a greater power over 
 himself, or was less the man that he seemed to be, 
 which shortly after appeared to every body, when 
 he cared less to keep on the mask. He was of an 
 industry and vigilance not to be tired out, or wea- 
 ried by the most laborious ; and of parts not to be 
 imposed upon, by the most subtle or sharp j and 
 of a personal courage equal to his best parts ; so 
 that he was an enemy not to be wished wherever 
 he might have been made a friend, and as much 
 to be apprehended where he was so, as any man 
 could deserve to be : and therefore his death was 
 no less pleasing to the one party, than it was con- 
 doled in the other. In a word, what was said of 
 Cinna, might well be applied to him ; he had a
 
 [74] 
 
 ' head to contrive, and a tongue to persuade, and 
 " a hand to execute, any mischief." His death 
 therefore seemed to be a great deliverance to the 
 nation. I. 185. II. 265. 
 
 OLIVER. ST. JOHN, SOLICITOR GENERAL DIEB 
 
 MDCLXXIII. 
 
 HE was a lawyer of Lincoln's inn, known to be 
 of parts and industry, but not taken notice of for 
 practice in Westminster hall, till he argued at the 
 exchequer chamber the case of ship-money, on 
 the behalf of Mr. Hampden ; which gave him much 
 reputation, and called him into all courts, and to 
 all causes, where the king's prerogative was most 
 contested. He was a man reserved, and of a dark 
 and clouded countenance; very proud, and con- 
 versing with very few, and those, men of his own 
 humour and inclinations. He made good the con- 
 fidence of his party, by not in the least degree 
 abating his malignant spirit, or dissembling it; but 
 with the same obstinacy opposed every thing which
 
 [75 ] 
 
 might advance the king's service, when he was 
 his solicitor, as ever he had done before. * I. 
 
 126. 211. 
 
 NATHANIEL FIENNES DIED MDCLXIX. 
 
 HE was a man of good parts of learning, and 
 after some years spent in new college in Oxford, 
 of which his father had been formerly fellow, 
 had spent his time abroad in Geneva, and 
 amongst the cantons of Swisserland, where he 
 improved his disinclination to the church. From 
 his travels he returned through Scotland, when 
 that rebellion was in the bud ; and was very lit- 
 tle known, except amongst that people, until he 
 came into parliament, when it was quickly dis- 
 covered that he was the darling of his father (the 
 lord Say), so he was like to make good what- 
 soever he had for many years promised. I. 186. 
 
 * He was lord chief justice f the common pleas, in tht 
 time of the commonwealth.
 
 f 76] 
 
 SIR HENRY VANE, THE YOUNGER EXECUTED FOR 
 HIGH TREASON MDCLXII. * 
 
 HE. had an unusual aspect, which, though it 
 might naturally proceed both from his father and 
 mother, neither of which were beautiful persons, 
 yet made men think there was something in him 
 extraordinary ; and his whole life made good that 
 imagination. 
 
 He was indeed a man of extraordinary parts, a 
 pleasant wit, a great understanding, which pierced 
 into and discerned the purposes of other men with 
 wonderful sagacity, whilst he had himself vultum 
 claitsum, that no man could make a guess of what 
 he intended. He was of a temper not to be moved, 
 and of rare dissimulation, and could comply when 
 it was not seasonable to contradict, without losing 
 ground by the condescension ; and if he were not 
 superior to Mr, Hampden, he was inferior to no 
 other man, in all mysterious artifices. There need 
 no more be said of his ability, than that he was 
 chosen to cozen and deceive a whole nation, which 
 was thought to excel in craft and cunning} which 
 * State Trials, II. 435.
 
 [ 77 ] 
 
 he did with notable pregnancy and dexterity, and 
 prevailed with a people, that could not otherwise 
 be prevailed upon than by advancing their idol 
 presbytery, to sacrifice their peace, their interest, 
 and their faith, to the erecting a. power and au- 
 thority that resolved to persecute presbytery to ex- 
 tirpation; and in process of time, very near 
 brought their purpose to pass. I. 186. II, 379. 
 
 CKKZEL HOLLES, CR. LORD HOLLES DIED 
 
 MDCLXXIX. 
 
 HE was the younger son, and younger brother, 
 of the earls of Clare; was as much valued and 
 esteemed by the whole party as any man ; as he- 
 deserved to be, being of more accomplished parts 
 than any of them, and of great reputation by the 
 part he acted against the court and the duke of 
 Buckingham, in the parliament of the fourth year 
 of the king (the last parliament that had been be- 
 fore the short one in April) and his long impri- 
 sonment, and sharp prosecution afterwards, upon 
 F
 
 t 7] 
 
 that account ; * of which he retained the memory 
 with acrimony enough. But he would in no de- 
 gree intermeddle in the counsel, or prosecution of 
 the earl of Strafford (which he could not prevent) 
 who had married his sister, by whom he had 
 all his children, which made him a stranger to all 
 those consultations, though it did not otherwise 
 interrupt the friendship he had with the most 
 violent of those prosecutors. In all other con- 
 trivances, he was in the most secret councils with 
 those who most governed, and was respected by 
 them, with very submiss applications, as a man of 
 authority, f I. 188. 
 
 WILLIAM PRYNNE J DIED MDCLXIX. 
 
 HE was not unlearned in the profession of the 
 law, as far as learning is acquired by the mere 
 reading of books ; but, being a person of great in- 
 dustry, had spent more time in reading divinity ; 
 
 State Trials, VII. 842. + Amb. Ext. to Paris, 1663. 
 J See the trial of Prynne, Bailwick, and Burton, for a 
 libel, State Trials, 1.481.
 
 r 79 1 
 
 and which marred that divinity, in the conversation 
 of factious and hot-headed divines : and so, by a 
 mixture of all three, with the rudeness and arro- 
 gance of his own nature, had contracted a proud 
 and venomous dislike to the discipline of the 
 church of England; and so, by degrees (as the 
 progress is very natural), an equal irreverence to 
 the government of the state too; both which he 
 vented in several absurd, petulant, and supercilious 
 discourses in print. I. 200, 
 
 JOHN BASTWICK, M. D. DIED ABOUT MDCL. 
 
 HE was a half-witted, crack-brained fellow, un- 
 known to either university, or the college of phy- 
 sicians ; but one that had spent his time abroad, 
 between the schools and the camp (for he had 
 been in, or passed through armies), and had got- 
 ten a doctorship, and Latin; with which, in a very 
 flowing style, with some wit, and much malice, he 
 inveighed against the prelates of the church in a 
 book which he printed in Holland, and indus- 
 triously dispersed in London, and throughout the 
 Fz
 
 8o J 
 
 kingdom ; having presumed (as their modesty is 
 always equal to their obedience) to dedicate it to 
 the sacred majesty of the king. I. 200. 
 
 HENRY BURTON, B. D DIED MDCTLTII. 
 
 HE had formerly a kind of relation by service 
 to the king; having, before he took orders, waited 
 as closet keeper, and so attended at canonical hours 
 with the books of devotion upon his majesty, when 
 he was prince of Wales ; and a little before the 
 death of king James tfook orders : and so his high- 
 ness coming shortly to be king; the vapours of 
 ambition fuming into his head that he was still to 
 keep his place, he would not think of less than 
 being clerk of the closet to the new king, which 
 place his majesty conferred upon, or rather con- 
 tinued in, the bishop of Durham, doctor NeyU 
 who had long served king James there. Mr. Bur- 
 ton thus disappointed, and, as he called it, des- 
 poiled of his right, would not, in the greatness of 
 his heart, sit down by the affront; but committed 
 two or three such weak, saucy indiscretions, as-
 
 { 8i } 
 
 caused an inhibition to be sent him, * that he 
 should not presume to come any more to court : " 
 and from that time he resolved to revenge himself 
 of the bishop of Durham, upon the whole order ; 
 and so turned lecturer, and preached against 
 them ; being endued with malice and boldness, 
 instead of learning and any tolerable parts. I. 20 1. 
 
 EDWARD LITTLETON, CR. LORD LITTLETON; LORD 
 KEEPER DIED MDCXLV. 
 
 HE was a man of great reputation in the pro- 
 fession of the law, for learning and all other ad- 
 vantages, which attend the most eminent men ; he 
 was of a very good extraction in Shropshire, arid 
 inherited a fair fortune and inheritance from his 
 father; he was a handsome, and a proper man, of 
 a very graceful presence, and notorious for courage, 
 which, in his youth, he had manifested with his 
 sword; he had taken great pains in the hardest 
 and most knotty part of the law, as well as that 
 which was more customary, and was not only very 
 ready and expert in the books, but exceedingly
 
 [ 82] 
 
 versed in records, in studying and examining 
 whereof, he had kept Mr. Selden company, with 
 whom he had great friendship, and who had much 
 assisted him; so that he was looked upon the best 
 antiquary of the profession, who gave himself up 
 to practice; and upon the mere strength of his 
 own abilities, he had raised himself into the first 
 rank of the practisers in the common law courts ; 
 and was chosen recorder of London before he was 
 called to the bench, and grew presently into the 
 highest practice in all the other courts, as well as 
 those of the law. He was made solicitor general, 
 much to his honour, but not to his profit ; the ob- 
 ligation of attendance upon that office, depriving 
 him of much benefit he used to acquire by his 
 practice, before he had that relation. Upon the 
 death of the lord Coventry, Finch being made 
 keeper, he was made chief justice of the common 
 pleas, then the best office of the law, and that 
 which he was wont to say, in his highest ambition, 
 in his own private wishes, he had most desired ; 
 and it was indeed the sphere in which he moved 
 most gracefully, and with most advantage, being 
 a master of all that learning and knowledge which 
 that place required, and an excellent judge, of
 
 C 3 J 
 
 gfeat gravity, and above all suspicion of corrup- 
 tion. I. 209. 568. 
 
 SIR EDWARD HERBERT,* ATTORNEY GENERAL- 
 DIED MDCLVII. 
 
 HE was very unlike any other man ; of a good 
 natural wit, improved by conversation with learned 
 men, but not at all by study and industry; and 
 then his conversation was most with men, though 
 much superior to him in parts, who rather ad- 
 mired, than informed him, of which his nature 
 (being the proudest man living) made him not 
 capable, because not desirous. His greatest fa- 
 culty was, and in which he was a master, to make 
 difficult matters more intricate and perplexed ; and 
 very easy things to seem more hard than they were. 
 Charles II. (when in France) called him to his 
 council, and made him lord keeper of the great 
 
 * His son Arthur was created earl of Torrington, and 
 Edward was advanced to be lord chief justice of the king's 
 bench.
 
 seal, with which he seemed wonderfully delighted, 
 and for some time lived well with every body; 
 though, as to any thing of business, he appeared 
 in his old excellent faculty of raising doubts. I. 
 *to. III. 514. Life I- 175. 
 
 LUCIUS CAREY, SECOND VISCOUNT FALKLAND ; 
 SECRETARY OF STATE KILLED AT THE BAT- 
 TLE OF NEWBUR.Y MDCXLIII. 
 
 IF the celebrating the memory of eminent and 
 extraordinary persons, and transmitting their great 
 virtues for the imitation of posterity, be one of 
 the principal ends and duties of history, it will 
 not be thought impertinent, in this place, to re- 
 member a loss which no time will suffer to be for- 
 gotten, and no success or good fortune could re- 
 pair. In this unhappy battle, was slain the lord 
 viscount Falkland; a person of such prodigious 
 parts of learning and knowledge, of that inimitable 
 sweetness and delight in conversation, of so flow- 
 ing and obliging a humanity and goodness to man- 
 kind, and of that primitive simplicity and inte-
 
 t s 1 
 
 grity of life, that if there were no other brand upoa 
 this odious and accursed civil war, than that sin- 
 gle loss, it must be moit infamous, and execrable 
 
 to all posterity 
 
 Turpe mori, post te, solo non posse dolore. 
 
 He was wonderfully beloved by all who knew 
 him, as a man of excellent parts, of a wit so sharp, 
 and a nature so sincere, that nothing could be 
 more lovely. 
 
 His house (at Tew) being within little more 
 than ten miles of Oxford, he contracted familiarity 
 and friendship with the most polite and accurate 
 men of that university ; who found such an im- 
 menseness of wit, and such a solidity of judgment 
 in him, so infinite a fancy, bound in by a most 
 logical ratiocination ; * such a vast knowledge, 
 that he was not ignorant in any thing ; yet such 
 an excessive humility, as if he had known nothing; 
 that they frequently resorted, and dwelt with him, 
 as in a college situated in a purer air ; so that his 
 house was a university in a less volume, whither 
 they came not so much for repose as study, and 
 
 * Although a perfect resemblance of Dr. Johnson is not 
 to be found in any age, parts of hit character are here ad- 
 mirably expressed. BojwtU's Johnson. $to. II. 587,
 
 [ 86] 
 
 to- examine and refine those grosser propositions, 
 which laziness and consent made current in vulgar 
 conversation. 
 
 He was superior to all those passions and affec- 
 tions which attend vulgar minds, and was guilty 
 - of no other ambition than of- knowledge, and to 
 be reputed a lover of all good men ; and that 
 made him too much a contemner of those arts, 
 which must be indulged in the transactions of hu- 
 man affairs. 
 
 The great opinion he had of the uprightness 
 and integrity of those persons who appeared most 
 active, especially of Mr. Hampden, kept him lon- 
 ger from suspecting any design against the peace 
 of the kingdom j and though he differed from 
 them commonly in conclusions, he believed long 
 their purposes were honest. When he grew better 
 informed what was law, and discerned in them a 
 desire to controul that law by a vote of one, or 
 both houses, no man more opposed those attempts, 
 and gave the adverse party more trouble by rea- 
 son and argumentation ; insomuch as he was, by 
 degrees, looked upon as an advocate for the court, 
 to which he contributed so little, that he declined 
 those addresses, and even those invitations which
 
 [ 87 ] 
 
 he was obliged almost by civility to entertain. And 
 he was so jealous of the least imagination that he 
 should incline to preferment, that he affected even 
 a moroseness to the court, and to the courtiers ; 
 and left nothing undone which might prevent, and 
 divert the king's or queen's favour towards him, 
 but the deserving it. 
 
 In the morning before the battle, as always upon 
 action, he was very cheerful, and put himself into 
 the first rank of the lord Byron's regiment, then 
 advancing upon the enemy, who had lined the 
 hedges on both sides with musqueteers ; from 
 whence he was shot with a musquet in the lower 
 part of the belly, and in the instant falling from 
 his horse, his body was not found till the next 
 morning; till when, there was some hope he might 
 have been a prisoner ; though his nearest friends, 
 who knew his temper, received small comfort from 
 that imagination. Thus fell that incomparable 
 young man, in the four-and-thirtieth year of his 
 age, having so much dispatched the true business 
 of life, that the oldest rarely attain to that im- 
 mense knowledge, and the youngest enter not into 
 the world with more innocency : whosoever leads
 
 C *s ] 
 
 such a life, needs be the less anxious upon how 
 short warning it is taken from him. 
 
 His stature was low, and smaller than most 
 men's; his motion not graceful; and his aspect so 
 far from inviting, that it had somewhat in it of 
 simplicity ; and his voice the worst of the three, 
 ard so untuned, that instead of reconciling, it of- 
 fended the ear ; but that little person, and small 
 stature, was quickly found to contain a great 
 heart, a courage so keen, and a nature so fear- 
 less, that no composition of the strongest limbs 
 ever disposed any man to greater enterprize ; and 
 that untuned tongue and voice, easily discovered 
 itself to be supplied and governed by a mind and 
 understanding so excellent, that the wit and weight 
 of all he said, carried greater lustre with it than 
 any ornament of delivery could ensure. I. 340. 
 JI. 350. Life I. 39.
 
 SIR JOHN COLEPEPPER, CHANCELLOR OF THE ElJ. 
 CHEQJJER* DIED MDCLX. 
 
 HE had spent some years of his youth in foreign 
 parts, and especially in armies, where he had seen 
 good service, and very well observed it. He was 
 proud and ambitious, and very much disposed to 
 improve his fortune, which he knew well how to 
 do by industry and thrift, without stooping to any 
 corrupt ways, to which he was not inclined. He 
 did not love the persons ,of many of those who 
 were the violent managers ; and less their designs : 
 and therefore he no sooner knew that he was well 
 spoken of at court, but he exposed himself to the 
 invitation, and heartily embraced that interest. 
 He had a wonderful insinuation and address into 
 the acceptation and confidence of the king and 
 queen, and was not suspected of flattery, when 
 no man more complied with those infirmities they 
 both had; and, by that compliance, prevailed often 
 over them. 
 
 He was generally esteemed as a good speaker, 
 being a man of an universal understanding, a quick 
 
 * Master of the rolls, and cr. baron Colepeppcrof Thorcs- 
 way, co. Lincoln, 1644.
 
 [ 90] 
 
 comprehension, a wonderful memory, who com- 
 monly spoke at the end of the debate; when he 
 would recollect all that had been said of weight 
 on all sides with great exactness, and express his 
 own sense with much clearness, and such an ap- 
 plication to the house, that no man more gathered 
 a general concurrence to his opinion than he ; 
 which was the more notable, because his person, 
 and manner of speaking were ungracious enough ; 
 so that he prevailed only by the strength of his 
 reason, which was enforced with sufficient confi- 
 dence. I. 340. Life I. 93. 
 
 GEORGE LORD DIGBY,* SUCCEEDED HIS FATHER 
 AS EARL OF BRISTOL, MDCLIII. DIED MDCLXXVI. 
 
 HE was a man of very extraordinary parts by 
 nature and art, and had surely as good and excel- 
 lent an education as any man of that age in any 
 country : a graceful and beautiful person, of great 
 
 * Lord Digby advised the impeachment of lord Kim- 
 bolton, and the five members ; to which Humt ascribes the 
 disorders which followed.
 
 eloquence and becomingness in his discourse (save 
 that sometimes he seemed a little affected), and 
 of so universal a knowledge, that he never wanted 
 subject for a discourse : he was equal to a very 
 good part in the greatest affairs, but the unfittest 
 man alive to conduct them, having an ambition 
 and vanity superior to all his other parts, and a 
 confidence in himself, which sometimes intoxicated, 
 transported, and exposed him. He had from 
 his youth, by the dist>bligations his family had un- 
 dergone from the duke of Buckingham, and the 
 great men who succeeded him, and some sharp 
 reprehension himself had met with, which obliged 
 him to a country life, contracted a prejudice, and 
 ill will to the court ; and so had in the beginning 
 of the parliament engaged himself with that party 
 which discovered most aversion to it, with a 
 passion and animosity equal to theirs, and there- 
 fore very acceptable to them. But when he was 
 weary of their violent counsels, and withdrew him- 
 self from them, with some circumstances which 
 enough provoked them, and made a reconciliation, 
 and mutual confidence in each other for the future, 
 manifestly impossible amongst them : he made 
 private and secret offers of his service to the king,
 
 [9*1 
 
 to whom, in so general a defection of his servants, 
 It could not but be very agreeable; and so his ma- 
 jesty being satisfied, both in the discoveries he 
 made of what had passed, and in his professions 
 for the future, removed him from the house of 
 commons, where he had rendered himself marvel- 
 lously ungracious, and called him by writ to the 
 house of peers, where he did visibly advance the 
 king's service. I. 343. 
 
 JOHN WILLIAMS, ARCHBISHOP OF YORK* DIED 
 MDCXXXI. 
 
 HE was a man of a very imperious and fiery 
 temper, had been bishop of Lincoln, and keeper 
 /of the great seal of England, in the time of king 
 James. After his removal from that charge, he 
 had lived splendidly in his diocess, and made him- 
 self very popular amongst those who had no re- 
 verence for the court ; of which he would fre- 
 
 * The protestation signed by twelve of the bishops, and 
 which occasioned their impeachment in 1642, was attributed 
 to Williams.
 
 [93 1 
 
 quently, and in the presence of many, speak with 
 too much freedom, and tell many stories of things 
 and persons upon his own former experience ; in 
 which, being a man of great pride and vanity, he 
 did not always confine himself to a precise vera- 
 city, and did often presume, in those unwary dis- 
 courses, to mention the person of the king with 
 too little reverence. He did affect to be thought 
 an enemy to the archbishop of Canterbury; whose 
 person he seemed exceedingly to contemn, and to 
 be much displeased with those ceremonies and in- 
 novations, as they were then called, which were 
 countenanced by the other; and had himself pub- 
 lished,' by his own authority, a book against the 
 using those ceremonies ; in which there was much 
 good learning, and too little gravity for a bishop. 
 His passion and his levity gave every day great 
 advantages to those who did not love him, and he 
 provoked too many, not to have those advantages 
 made use of: so that, after several informations 
 against him in the star-chamber, he was sentenced, 
 and fined in a great sum of money to the king, and 
 committed prisoner to the tower ; without the pity 
 or compassion of any, but those who, out of ha- 
 tred to the.government, were sony that they were 
 G
 
 [94] 
 
 without so useful a champion ; for he appeared to 
 be a man of a very corrupt nature, whose passions 
 could have transported him into the most unjusti- 
 fiable actions. I. 345. 
 
 WILLIAM SEYMOUR, MARQUIS OF HERTFORD; RE- 
 STORED TO THE DUKEDOM OF SOMERSET DIED 
 MDCLX. 
 
 HE was a man of great honour, interest, and 
 estate, and of an universal esteem over the whole 
 kingdom ; and though he had received many and 
 continued disobligations from the court, from the 
 tune of this king's coming to the crown, as well 
 as during the reign of king James, in both which 
 seasons, more than ordinary care had been taken 
 to discountenance and lessen his interest; yet he 
 had carried himself with notable steadiness, from 
 the beginning of the parliament, in the support 
 and defence of the king's power and dignity, not- 
 withstanding all his allies, and those with whom 
 hd had the greatest familiarity and friendship, were 
 of the opposite party ; and never concurred with
 
 [95 ] 
 
 them against the earl of Strafford, whom he was 
 known not to love, nor in any other extravagancy. 
 He did accept the government of the prince of 
 Wales, purely out of obedience to the king; and, 
 no doubt, it was a great service ; though for the 
 performance of the office of a governor, he never 
 thought himself fit, nor meddled with it. I. 425. 
 II. 199. 
 
 ROBERT BERTIE, LORD WILLOUGHBYJ CR. EARL 
 OF LINDSEY, LORD GREAT CHAMBERLAIN 
 SLAIN AT EDGE-HILL MDCXLII. 
 
 HE was a man of very noble extraction, and 
 inherited a great fortune from his ancestors; which 
 though he did not manage with so great care, as 
 if he desired much to improve, yet he left it in a 
 very fair condition to his family, which more in- 
 tended the increase of it. He was a man of great 
 honour, and spent his youth and vigour of his age 
 in military actions and commands abroad; and al- 
 beit he indulged to himself great liberties of life, 
 yet h still preserved a very good reputation with 
 Gz
 
 C 96 ] 
 
 all men, and a very great interest in his country, 
 as appeared by the supplies he and his son brought 
 to the king's army; the several companies of his 
 own regiment of foot being commanded by the 
 principal knights* and gentlemen of Lincolnshire, 
 who engaged themselves in the service principally 
 out of their personal affection to him. He was of 
 a very generous nature, and punctual in what he 
 undertook, and in exacting what was due to him ; 
 which made him bear that restriction so heavily 
 which was put upon him by the commission 
 granted to prince Rupert, and by the king's pre- 
 ferring the prince's opinion, in all matters relating 
 to the war, before his. Nor did he conceal his re- 
 sentment: the day before the battle, he said to 
 some friends, with whom he had used freedom, 
 " that he did not look upon himself as general ; 
 " and therefore he was resolved, when the day of 
 " battle should come, that he would be in the head 
 " of his regiment as a private colonel, where he 
 
 * Old Sir Gervase Scrope, who had received sixteen 
 wounds, lay stripped among the dead above two days be- 
 fore his son could find him ; an instance of great filial piety, 
 and eminent loyalty! (the father died 1655; the son, Sir 
 Adrian, K. B. died 1667.1 II. 56.
 
 {97} 
 
 would die." He was carried out of the field to 
 the next village, and if he could then have pro- 
 cured surgeons, it was thought his wound would 
 not have proved mortal. He had very many friends, 
 and very few enemies j and died generally la- 
 mented. II. 52. 
 
 GEORGE STUART, LORD AUBIGNEY (BROTHER TO 
 THE DUKE OF RICHMOND) SLAIN AT EDGE- 
 HILL MDCXLII. 
 
 HE was a gentleman of great hopes ; of a gentle 
 and winning disposition, and of very clear courage : 
 he was killed in the first charge with the horse ; 
 where there being so little resistance, gave occa- 
 sion to suspect that it was done by his own lieu- 
 tenant, who was a Dutchman, and had not been 
 so punctual in his duty, but that he received some 
 reprehension from his" captain, which he murmur* 
 ed at. His body was brought off, and buried at 
 Christ-church in Oxford ; his two younger bro- 
 thers, the lord John and the lord Bernard Stuart, 
 were in the same battle, and were afterwards both 
 killed in the war, and his only son is now duke of 
 Richmond. II. 53.
 
 [98 3 
 
 ROBERT GREVILE, SECOND LORD BROOKE SHOT 
 AT LITCHFIELD MDCXLII. 
 
 HE lodged in a house within musquet-shot of 
 the close ; where, the very day he meant to as- 
 sault it, sitting in his chamber, and the window 
 open (just after he had prayed publicly, " that 
 if the cause he were in were not right and just, 
 he might be presently cut off"), he was, from the 
 wall of the close, by a common soldier, shot with 
 a musquet in the eye ; of which he instantly died, 
 without speaking a word. 
 
 They who were acquainted with him, believed 
 him to be well-natured, and just ; and rather se- 
 duced and corrupted in his understanding, than 
 perverse and malicious. Whether his passions or 
 conscience swayed him, he was undoubtedly one 
 of those who could have been with most difficulty 
 reconciled to the government of church or state : 
 and therefore his death was looked upon as no ill 
 omen to peace, and was exceedingly lamented by 
 his party j which had scarce a more absolute 
 confidence in any man than in him. II. 149.
 
 99] 
 
 SPENCER COMPTON, SECOND EARL OF NORTHAMP- 
 TON ; GENERAL OF THE KING'S ARMY SLAIN 
 AT HOPTON HEATH MDCXLII. 
 
 THE royal army, which had all the ensigns of 
 victory but their general, thought themselves un- 
 done ; whilst the other side, who had escaped in 
 the night, and made a hard shift to carry his dead 
 body with them, hardly believed they were lo- 
 sers: 
 
 Et, velut aguali bellatum sortefuisset, 
 
 Componit cum classe virum 
 The truth is, a greater victory had been an un- 
 equal recompence for such a loss. He was a per- 
 son of great courage, honour, and fidelity, and 
 not well known till his evening; having in the 
 ease, and plenty, and luxury of that too happy 
 time, indulged himself with that licence, which 
 was then thought necessary to great fortunes : but 
 from the beginning of these distractions, as if he 
 had been awakened out of a lethargy, he never 
 proceeded with a luke-warm temper. Before the 
 standard was set up, he appeared in Warwickshire 
 against the lord Brook, and as much upon his own 
 reputation as the justice of the cause (which was
 
 not so well then understood) discountenanced, and 
 drove him out of that county. Afterwards he took 
 the ordnance from Banbury castle, and brought 
 them to the king. As soon as an army was to be 
 raised, he levied, with the first, upon his own 
 charge, a troop of horse, and a regiment of foot, 
 and (not like some other men, who warily distri- 
 buted their family to both sides, one son to serve 
 the king, whilst his father, or another son, engaged 
 as far for the parliament) entirely dedicated all 
 his children to the quarrel ; having four sons of- 
 ficers under him, whereof three charged that day 
 in the field : and from the time he submitted him- 
 self to x the profession of a soldier, no man more 
 punctual upon command, no man more diligent 
 and vigilant in duty. All distresses he bore like 
 a common man, and all wants and hardnesses, as 
 if he had never known plenty or ease ; most pro- 
 digal of his person to danger, and would often say, 
 " that if he outlived these wars, he was certain 
 never to have so noble a death." So that it is 
 not to be wondered if, upon such a stroke, the 
 body that felt it, thought it had lost more than a 
 limb. II. 151.
 
 JAMES STUART, CR. DUKE OF RICHMOND DIED 
 
 MDCLV. 
 
 AS he was of the noblest extraction, being the 
 nearest allied to the king's person of any man. 
 who was not descended from king James, so he was 
 very worthy of all the grace and favour the king 
 had shewed him. He was a man of very good 
 parts, and an excellent understanding, yet, which 
 is no common infirmity, so diffident of himself, 
 that he was sometimes led by men who judged 
 much worse. He was of a great and haughty spi- 
 rit; and so punctual in point of honour, that he 
 never swerved a tittle. He had so entire a resig- 
 nation of himself to the king, that he abhorred all 
 artifices to shelter himself from the prejudice of 
 those, who, how powerful soever, failed in their 
 duty to his majesty; and therefore he was pursued 
 with all imaginable malice by them, as one that 
 would have no quarter upon so infamous terms, 
 as but looking on whilst his master was ill used. 
 As he had received great bounties from the king, 
 so he sacrificed all he had to his service, as soon 
 as his occasions stood in need of it ; and lent his 
 majesty, at one time, twenty thousand pounds
 
 t 102 J 
 
 together; and, as soon as the war began, engaged 
 his three brothers, all gallant gentlemen, in the 
 service ; in which they all lost their lives. Him- 
 self lived, with unspotted fidelity, some years after 
 the murder of his master, and was suffered to put 
 him into his grave ; and died without the comfort 
 of seeing the resurrection of the crown. II. 198. 
 Life I. 185. 
 
 THOMAS WRIOTHESLEY, FOURTH EARL OF SOUTH- 
 AMPTON ; LORD TREASURER AFTER THE RE- 
 8TORATION* DIED MDCLXVII. 
 
 HE was indeed a great man in all respects, and 
 brought very much reputation to the king's cause. 
 He had great dislike of the high courses which 
 had been taken in the government, and a parti- 
 cular prejudice to the earl of StrafFord, for some 
 
 * He and Lord C. Clarendon were firm friends, and had 
 virtue and credit enough with Charles II. and at the board, 
 to prevent, at least to defer, any very unreasonable resolu- 
 tion. The death of the former, opened a gap wide enough 
 to let in all that ruin which overwhelmed the latter. Lift* 
 III. 780.
 
 [ "3 ] 
 
 exorbitant proceedings. But as soon as he saw the 
 ways of reverence and duty towards the king de- 
 clined, and the prosecution of the earl of Strafford 
 to exceed the limits of justice, he opposed them 
 vigorously in all their proceedings. He was a man 
 of great sharpness of judgment, a very quick ap- 
 prehension, and that readiness of expression upon 
 any sudden debate, that no man delivered himself 
 more advantageously, and weightily, and more ef- 
 ficaciously with the hearers ; so that no man gave 
 them more trouble in his opposition, or drew so 
 many to a concurrence with him in opinion. He 
 had no relation to, or dependence upon the court, 
 or purpose to have any ; but wholly pursued the 
 public interest. 
 
 He was not only an exact observer of justice, but 
 so clear-sighted a discerner of all the circum- 
 stances which might disguise it, that no false or 
 fraudulent colour could impose upon him ; and of 
 so sincere and impartial a judgment, that no pre- 
 judice to the person of any man made him less 
 awake to his cause; but believed that there ir 
 aliquid et in bostem nefas, and that a very ill 
 man might be very unjustly dealt with. On the 
 happy return of his majesty he seemed to recover
 
 C 104 3 
 
 great vigour of mind, and undertook the charge 
 of high treasurer with much alacrity and industry, 
 as long as he had any hope to get a revenue settled 
 proportionable to the expence of the crown (to- 
 wards which, his interest, and authority, and coun- 
 sel, contributed very much), or to reduce the ex- 
 pence of the court within the limits of the revenue. 
 His person was of a small stature ; his courage, as 
 all his other faculties, very great ; having no sign 
 of fear, or sense of danger, when he was in a 
 place where he ought to be found. II. 200. 
 Life. III. 781. 
 
 ROBERT SIDNEY, SECOND EARL OF LEICESTER 
 
 DIED MDCLXXVII. 
 
 HE was a man of great parts, very conversant 
 in books, and much addicted to the mathematics ; 
 and though he had been a soldier, and commanded 
 a regiment, in the service of the states of the 
 United Provinces, and was afterwards employed 
 in several embassies, as in Denmark, and in France, 
 was in truth rather a speculative, than a practical
 
 E 's 1 
 
 irtan; and expected a greater certitude in the con- 
 sultation of business, than the business of this 
 world is capable of: which temper proved very in- 
 convenient to him through the course of his life. 
 He was, after the death of the earl of Strafford> 
 by the concurrent kindness and esteem both of 
 king and queen, called from his embassy in France, 
 to be lieutenant of Ireland ; and in a very short 
 time after, unhappily lost that kindness and es- 
 teem. He lay under many reproaches and jea- 
 lousies which he deserved not ; for he was a man 
 of honour and fidelity to the king, and his great- 
 est misfortunes proceeded from the staggering and 
 irresolution of his nature. II. 201. 
 
 JOHN LORD DIGBY OF SHERBORN, CR. IARL OF 
 BRISTOL DIED MDCLIII. 
 
 HE was a man of a grave aspect, of a presence 
 that drew respect, and of long experience in affairs 
 of great importance. He had been, by the extra- 
 ordinary favour of king James to his person (for 
 he was a very handsome man) and his parts, which
 
 C 106] 
 
 were naturally great, and had been improved by 
 good education at home and abroad, sent ambas- 
 sador into Spain, before he was thirty years of age. 
 Though he was a man of great parts, and a wise 
 man, yet he had been for the most part single, and 
 by himself in business, which he managed with 
 good sufficiency ; and had lived little in consort, 
 so that in council he was passionate and super- 
 cilious, and did not bear contradiction without 
 much passion, and was too voluminous in dis- 
 course ; so that he was not considered there with 
 much respect ; to the lessening whereof, no man 
 contributed more than his son, the lord Digby ; 
 who shortly after came to sit there as secretary of 
 state, and had not that reverence for his father's 
 wisdom, which his great experience deserved, 
 though he failed not in his piety towards him. II.
 
 C 107] 
 
 WILLIAM CAVENDISH, CR. EARL, MARQUIS, AK& 
 DUKE OF NEWCASTLE DIED MDCLXXVI. 
 
 HE was a very fine gentleman, active, and full 
 of courage, and most accomplished in those qua- 
 lities of horsemanship, dancing, and fencing, which 
 accompany a good breeding ; in which his delight 
 was. Besides that, he was amorous in poetry and 
 music, to which he indulged the greatest part of 
 his time; and nothing could have tempted him 
 out of those paths of pleasure, which he enjoyed 
 in a full and ample fortune, but honour and am- 
 bition to serve the king when he saw him in dis- 
 tress, and abandoned by most of those who were 
 in the highest degree obliged to him, and by him. 
 He loved monarchy, as it was the foundation and 
 support of his own greatness ; and the church, as 
 it was well constituted for the splendour and secu- 
 rity of the crown; and religion, as it cherished and 
 maintained that order and obedience that was ne- 
 cessary to both ; without any other passion for the 
 particular opinions which were grown up in it, and 
 distinguished it into parties, than as he detested 
 whatsoever was like to disturb the public peace,.
 
 He had a particular reverence for the person of 
 the king, and a more extraordinary devotion for 
 that of the prince, as' he had had the honour to be 
 trusted with his education, as his governor j for 
 which office, as he excelled in some, so he wanted 
 other qualifications. He liked the pomp and ab- 
 solute authority of a general, and preserved the 
 dignity of it to the full j and for the discharge of 
 the outward state and circumstances of it, in acts 
 of courtesy, affability, bounty, and generosity, he 
 abounded ; which in the infancy of a war became 
 him, and made him for some time, very acceptable 
 to men of all conditions : but the substantial part, 
 and fatigue of a general, he did not in any degree- 
 understand. They who most exactly describe the 
 unfortunate battle of Mars ton-moor, and the more 
 unfortunate abandoning that whole country (when 
 there might have been means found to have drawn 
 a good army together) give so ill an account of 
 any conduct or discretion in the managing of that 
 affair, that, as I can take no pleasure in writing of 
 it, so posterity would receive little pleasure, or be- 
 nefit, in the most particular relation of it. II. 507.
 
 SIR CHARLES CAVENDISH DIED MDCLIII. 
 
 HE was one of the most extraordinary persons 
 of that age, in all the noble endowments of the 
 mind, He had all the disadvantages imaginable 
 in his person ; which was not only of so small a 
 size, that it drew the eyes of all men upon him; 
 but with such deformity in his little person, and 
 an aspect in his countenance, that was apter to 
 raise contempt than.applause; but in this unhand- 
 some or homely habitation there was a mind and 
 a soul lodged, that was very lovely and beautiful ; 
 cultivated and polished by all the knowledge and 
 wisdom that arts and sciences could supply it 
 with. He was a great philosopher, in the extent 
 of it; and an excellent mathematician ; whose cor- 
 respondence was very dear to Gassendus and Des- 
 cartes ; the last of whom dedicated some of his 
 works to him. He had a veiy notable courage; 
 and the vigour of his mind so adorned his body, 
 that " being with his brother, the marquis, in all 
 the war," he usually went out in all parties ; and 
 was present, and charged the enemy in all battles, 
 with as keen a courage as could dwell in the heart 
 H
 
 [ no] 
 
 of man. But then the gentleness of his disposition, 
 the humility and meekness of his nature, and the 
 vivacity of his wit, were admirable. He was so mo- 
 dest, that he could hardly be prevailed with to en- 
 large himself on subjects which he understood 
 better than other men, except he were pressed by 
 his very familiar friends. Above all, his virtue and 
 piety were such, that no temptation could work 
 upon him to consent to any thing, that swerved in 
 the least degree from the precise rules of honour, 
 or the most severe rules of conscience. Life I. 
 250. 
 
 SIR FRANCIS SEYMOUR, CR. LORD SEYMOUR OF 
 TROWBRIDGE* DIED MDCLXIV. 
 
 BEING brother to the marquis of Hertford, 
 was a man of interest and reputation ; he had been 
 always very popular in the country; where he had 
 lived out of the grace of the court; and his parts 
 and judgment were best in those things which con- 
 cerned the good husbandry, and the common ad- 
 
 * Chancellor of the dutchy of Lancaster, 1660.
 
 f III ] 
 
 ministration of justice to the people. Having a 
 great friendship for the earl of Straffbrd, he was, 
 by his interposition, called to the house of peers, 
 where he carried himself very well in all things re- 
 lating to the crown. II. 203. 
 
 THOMAS SAVILE, LORD SAVILE OF PONTEFRACT, 
 CR. EARL OF SUSSEX DIED MDCXLVI. 
 
 HE was likewise of the council, being first con- 
 troller, and then treasurer of the household, in 
 recompence of his discovery of all the treasons 
 and conspiracies, after they had taken effect, and 
 could not be punished. He was a man of an am- 
 bitious and restless nature ; of parts and wit enough ; 
 but, in his disposition and inclination, so false, 
 that he could never be believed or depended 
 upon. 
 
 When the king came to York, where this lord's 
 fortune and interest lay, his reputation was so low, 
 that the gentlemen of interest, who wished well to 
 the king's service, would not communicate with 
 him; and, after the king's remove from thence, 
 Hz
 
 the earl of Newcastle found cause to have such 
 jealousy of him, that he thought it necessary to im- 
 prison him ; and afterwards sent him to Oxford ; 
 where he so well purged himself, that he was again 
 restored to his office. But in the end, he behaved 
 himself so ill, that the king put him again out of 
 his place, and committed him to prison, and never 
 after admitted him to his presence ; nor would any 
 man of quality ever after keep any correspondence 
 with him. II. 203. 
 
 SIR EDWARD NICHOLAS, SECRETARY OF STATE 
 
 DIED MDCLXIX. 
 
 HE was a very honest and industrious man, and 
 always versed in business, which few of the other 
 were, or had been. After some time spent in the 
 university of Oxford, and then in the Middle 
 Temple, he lived some years in France ; and was 
 afterwards secretary to the lord Zouch, who was a 
 privy counsellor, and warden of the Cinque Ports ; 
 and thereby he understood all that jurisdiction, 
 which is very great, and exclusive to the admiral.
 
 C 3 ] 
 
 And when that lord, many years after, surrendered 
 that office to the king, to the end that it might be 
 conferred upon the duke of Buckingham, his se- 
 cretary was likewise preferred with the office; and 
 so, in a short time, became secretary of the admi- 
 ralty, as well as of the Cinque Ports ; and was en- 
 tirely trusted and esteemed by that great favourite. 
 After his death, he continued in the same place 
 whilst the office was in commission, and was then 
 made clerk of the council, from whence the king 
 called him to be secretary of state,* after secretary 
 Windebank fled the kingdom; upon his. majesty's 
 own observation of his virtue and fidelity, and 
 without any other recommendation: and he was 
 in truth, throughout his whole life, a person of 
 very good reputation, and of singular integrity. 
 II. 205. 
 
 * He was again appointed secretary of state at the resto- 
 ration, and was a man of great gravity, and without any am- 
 bitious or private designs. Life II. 6.
 
 [ "43 
 
 ALGERNON PERCY, FOURTH EARL OF NORTHUM- 
 BERLAND* DIED MDCLXVIII. 
 
 HE was, in all his deportment, a very great man, 
 and that which looked like formality, was a punc- 
 tuality in preserving his dignity from the invasion 
 and intrusion of bold men, which no man of that 
 age so well preserved himself from. Though his 
 notions were not large or deep, yet his temper and 
 reservedness in discourse got him the reputation 
 of an able and a wise man ; which he made evi- 
 dent in the excellent government of his family, 
 where no man Vas more absolutely obeyed ; and 
 no man had ever fewer idle words to answer for ; 
 and in debates of importance, he always expressed 
 himself very pertinently. If he had thought the 
 king as much above him, as he thought himself 
 above other considerable men, he would have been 
 a good subject ; but the extreme undervaluing 
 those, and not enough valuing the king, made him 
 
 * He was the chief of those of the king's council who 
 staved and acted with the parliament. The earls of Pem- 
 broke, Essex, Holland, Manchester, and lord Say, who took 
 the same part, have been mentioned before.
 
 [ "5 ] 
 
 liable to the impressions, which they who ap- 
 proached him by those addresses of reverence and 
 esteem, that usually insinuate into such natures, 
 made in him. So that after he was first prevailed 
 upon, not to do that which in honour and grati- 
 tude he was obliged to (which is a very pestilent 
 corruption), he was with the more facility led to 
 concur in what, in duty and fidelity, he ought not 
 to have done, and which at first he never intended 
 to have done. And so he concurred in all the 
 counsels which produced the rebellion, and stayed 
 with them to support it. II. 206. 
 
 WILLIAM CECIL, SECOND EARL OF SALISBURY 
 
 DIED MDCLXVIII. 
 
 HE had been born and bred in court, arid had 
 the advantage of a descent from a father and a 
 grandfather who had been very wise men, and 
 great ministers of state in the eyes of Christendom ; 
 whose wisdom and virtues died with them, and 
 their children only inherited their titles. He had 
 been admitted of the council to king James; from
 
 [ "6 ] 
 
 which time he continued so obsequious to the 
 court, that he never failed in overacting all that he 
 was required to do. No act of power was ever 
 proposed, which he did not advance, and execute 
 his part with tlie utmost rigour : no man so great 
 a tyrant in his country, or was less swayed by any 
 motives of justice or honour. He was a man of no 
 words, except in hunting and hawking; in matters 
 of state and council, he always concurred in what 
 was proposed for the king ; and cancelled and re- 
 paired all those transgressions by concurring in 
 all that was proposed against him, as soon as any 
 such propositions were made. Yet when the king 
 went to York, he likewise attended upon his ma- 
 jesty ; and at that distance, seemed to have reco- 
 vered some courage, and concurred in all counsels 
 which were taken to undeceive the people, and to 
 make the proceedings of the parliament odious to 
 all the world. But, on a sudden, he caused his 
 horses to attend him out of the town, and having 
 placed fresh ones at a distance, he fled back to 
 London, with the expedition such men use when 
 they are most afraid ; and never after denied to do 
 any thing that was required of him. And when the 
 war was ended, and Cromwell had put down the
 
 [ "7 ] 
 
 house of peers, he got himself to be chosen a mem- 
 ber of the house of commons ; and sat with them, 
 as of their own body ; and was esteemed accord- 
 ingly. II. 209. 
 
 ROBERT RICH, THIRD EARL OF WARWICK DIED 
 
 MDCLVIII. 
 
 HE was of the king's council too, but was not 
 wondered at for leaving the king, whom he had 
 never well served ; nor did he look upon himself 
 as obliged by that honour, which he knew was 
 conferred upon him in the crowd of those whom 
 his majesty had no esteem of, or ever proposed to 
 trust; so his business was to join with those to 
 whom he owed his promotion. He was a man of 
 a pleasant and companionable wit and conversa- 
 tion; of an universal jollity, and such a licence in 
 his words and in his actions, that a man of less 
 virtue could not be found out ; so that one might 
 reasonably have believed, that a man so qualified, 
 would not have been able to have contributed 
 much to the overthrow of a nation and kingdom.
 
 [ "8 ] 
 
 But with all these faults, he had great authority 
 and credit with that people who, in the beginning 
 of the troubles, did all the mischief; and by open- 
 ing his doors, and making his house the rendez- 
 vous of all the silenced ministers, in the time when 
 there was authority to silence them, and spending 
 a good part of his estate, of which he was very 
 prodigal, upon them, and by being present with 
 them at their devotions, and making himself merry 
 with them, and at them, which they dispensed 
 with, he became the head of that party ; and got 
 the style of a godly man. When the king revoked 
 the earl of Northumberland's commission of ad- 
 miral, he presently accepted the office from the 
 parliament; and never quitted their service ; and 
 when Cromwell disbanded that parliament, he be- 
 took himself to the protection of the protector; 
 married his heir to his daughter ; and lived in so 
 entire a confidence and friendship with him, that 
 when the protector died, he exceedingly lamented 
 him. He left his estate, which before was subject 
 to a vast debt, more improved and repaired than 
 any man who trafficked in that desperate commo- 
 dity, rebellion. II. 210.
 
 SIR HENRY VANE THE ELDER, SECRETARY OF 
 STATE DIED MDCLIII. 
 
 HE was the last of the counsellors who stayed 
 with the parliament, and had so much excuse for 
 it, that, being thrown out of court, he harf"no 
 where else to go; and promised himself to be made 
 much of by them, for whose sakes only he had 
 brought that infamy upon himself. He was of very 
 ordinary parts by nature, and had not cultivated 
 them at all by art; for he was illiterate. But being 
 of a stirring and boisterous disposition, very in- 
 dustrious, and very bold, he still wrought himself 
 into some employment. He had been controller 
 of the household ; which place he became well, and 
 was fit for, and if he had never taken other prefer- 
 ment, he might probably have continued a good 
 subject: for he had not inclination to change, and 
 in his judgment he had liked the government both 
 in church and state ; and only desired to raise his 
 fortune, which was not great, and which he found 
 many ways to improve. As the fatal preferring 
 him to the post of secretary of state was of un- 
 speakable prejudice to the king, so his receiving it
 
 [ 120 ] 
 
 was to his own destruction. His malice to the earl 
 of Strafford (who had unwisely provoked him, wan- 
 tonly and out of contempt * ) transported him to 
 all imaginary thoughts of revenge ; which is a 
 guest that naturally disquiets and tortures those 
 who entertain it, with all the perplexities they con- 
 trive for others ; and that disposed him to sacrifice 
 his honour and faith, and his master's interest, 
 that he might ruin the earl, and was buried him- 
 self in the same ruin ; for which being justly chas- 
 tised by the king, and turned out of his service, 
 he was left to his own despair: and though he 
 concurred in all the malicious designs against the 
 king, and against the church, he grew into the 
 hatred and contempt of those who had made 
 most use of him, and died in universal reproach, 
 v and was not contemned more by any of his enemies, 
 than by his own son, who had been his principal 
 conductor to destruction. II. 213. 
 
 * Sec page 52.
 
 IIR BEVIL GRENV1LLE KILLED AT THE BATTLI 
 
 OF LANSDOWN MDCXLIII. 
 
 THAT which would have clouded any victory, 
 and made the loss of others less spoken of, was the 
 death of Sir Bevil Grenville. He was indeed an 
 excellent person, whose activity, interest, and re- 
 putation, were the foundation of what had been 
 done in Cornwall; and his temper and affections, 
 so public, that no accident which happened could 
 make any impressions on him j and his example 
 kept others from taking any thing ill, or at least 
 seeming to do so. In a word, a brighter courage, 
 and a gentler disposition, were never married 
 together, to make the most cheerful and innocent 
 conversation. II. 284. 
 
 SIR NICHOLAS SLANNING KILLED AT THE SIEGI 
 OF BRISTOL MDCXLIII. 
 
 HE was governor of Pendennis castle, upon the 
 credit and security whereof, the king's party in
 
 [ 122 ] 
 
 that country first depended, and by the command 
 it had of the harbour of Falmouth, was, or might 
 be, supplied with all that was necessary. He was 
 indeed a young man of admirable parts, a sharp 
 and discerning wit, a staid and solid judgment, a 
 gentle and most obliging behaviour, and a courage 
 so clear and keen, as, even without the other or- 
 naments, would have rendered him very consider- 
 able. II. 298. 
 
 WILLIAM VILLIERS, LORD VISCOUNT GRANDISON 
 KILLED AT THE SIEGE OF BRISTOL MDCXLIII. 
 
 HE was a young man of so virtuous a habit of 
 mind, that no temptation or provocation could 
 corrupt him ; so great a lover of justice and inte- 
 grity, that no example, necessity, or even the bar- 
 barity of this war, could make him swerve from 
 the most precise rules of it; and of that rare piety 
 and devotion, that the court or camp could not 
 shew a more faultless person, or to whose example 
 young men might more reasonably conform them- 
 selves. His persortal valour, and courage of all
 
 [ 123 ] 
 
 kinds (for he had sometimes indulged so much to 
 the corrupt opinion of honour, as to venture him- 
 self in duels) was very eminent, insomuch as he 
 was accused of being too prodigal of his person : 
 his affection, and zeal, and obedience to the king, 
 were such as became a branch of that family; and 
 he was wont to say, " that if he had not under- 
 " standing enough to know the uprightness of 
 " the cause, nor loyalty enough to inform him 
 " of the duty of a subject, yet the very obli- 
 " gations of gratitude to the king, on the be- 
 " half of his house, were such, as his life was 
 " but a due sacrifice : " and therefore, he no 
 sooner saw the war unavoidable, than he enga- 
 ged all his brethren,* as well as himself, in the 
 service ; and there were then three more of them 
 in command in the army when he was so unfor- 
 tunately cut off. II. 299. 
 
 * Amongst whom was Mr. Edward Villicrs (ancestor of 
 the present earls of Jersey and Clarendon) whose diligence 
 and dexterity his majesty found fit for any trust. I. 666-
 
 ROBERT LORD DORMER, CR. EARL OP CARNAR- 
 VON SLAIN AT THE BATTLE OF NEWBURY 
 
 MDCXLIII. 
 
 HE was a person with whose great parts and 
 virtue the world was not enough acquainted. Be- 
 fore the war, though his education was adorned 
 by travel, and an exact observation of the manners 
 of more nations 'than our common travellers use 
 to visit (for he had, after the view of Spain, 
 France, and most parts of Italy, spent some time 
 in Turkey, and those eastern countries) he seemed 
 to be wholly delighted with those looser exercises 
 of pleasure hunting, hawking, and the like, in 
 which the nobility of that time too much de- 
 lighted to excel. After the troubles begun, hav- 
 ing the command of the first or second regiment 
 of horse that was raised for the king's service, 
 he wholly gave himself up to the office and duty 
 of a soldief ; no man more diligently obeying, or 
 more dexterously commanding ; for he was not 
 only of a very keen courage in the exposing his 
 person, but an excellent discerner and pursuer 
 of advantage upon his enemy. He had a mind

 
 t "5 ] 
 
 and understanding very present in the article of 
 danger, which is a rare benefit in that profession. 
 He was a great lover of justice, and practised it 
 then most deliberately, when he had power to do 
 wrong: and so strict in the observation of his word 
 and promise, as a commander, that he could not 
 be persuaded to stay in the west, when he found 
 it not in his power to perform the agreement he 
 had made with Dorchester and Weymouth. If 
 he had lived, he would have proved a great orna- 
 ment to that profession, and an excellent soldier ; 
 and by his death the king found a sensible weak- 
 ness in his army. II. 349. 
 
 LORD JOHN STUART, GENERAL OF THE HORSEJ 
 AND SIR JOHN SMITH, BROTHER TO LORD 
 CARRINGTON ; COMMISSARY GENERAL OF THE 
 HORSE SLAIN AT THE BATTLE OF CHERITON 
 DOWN, MDCXLIV. 
 
 THE former was a young man of extraordinary 
 hope, little more than one-and-twenty years of 
 age; who being of a more choleric and rough na- 
 
 I
 
 [ 1*6 ] 
 
 ture than the other branches of that illustrious and 
 princely family, was not delighted with the soft- 
 nesses of the court, but had dedicated himself to 
 the profession of arms, when he did not think the 
 scene should have been in his own country. His 
 courage was so signal that day, that too much 
 could not be expected from it, if he had outlived 
 it j and he was so generally beloved, that he could 
 not but be very generally lamented. The other, 
 Sir John Smith, had been trained up from his 
 youth in the war of Flanders ; being of an ancient 
 roman- catholic family ; and had long the repu- 
 tation of one of the best officers of horse- As soon 
 as the first troubles appeared in Scotland, he be- 
 took himself to the service of his own prince ; and 
 from the beginning of the war to his own end, 
 performed many signal actions of courage. The 
 death of these two eminent officers, made the names 
 of many who perished that day the less inquired 
 into and mentioned. 11.475.
 
 C "7 ] 
 
 PATRICK RUTHEN, GENERALOF THE KING'S ARMT} 
 CR. EARL OF BRENTFORD DIED MDCLI. 
 
 THOUGH he had been, without doubt, a very 
 good officer, and had great experience, and was 
 still a man of unquestionable courage and inte- 
 grity; yet he was now (1644) much decayed in 
 his parts, and, with the long continued custom of 
 immoderate drinking, dozed in his understanding, 
 which had been never quick and vigorous j he 
 having been always illiterate to the greatest de- 
 gree that can be imagined. He was now become 
 very deaf, yet often pretended not to have heard 
 what he did not then contradict, and thought fit 
 afterwards to disclaim. He was a man of few 
 words, and of great compliance, and usually de- 
 livered that as his opinion, which he foresaw 
 would be grateful to the king. II. 481. 
 
 I 2
 
 [ 128 ] 
 
 PRINCE RUPERT DIED MDCLXXXII. 
 
 HE was rough and passionate, and loved not 
 debate ; liked what was proposed, as he liked the 
 persons who proposed it ; and was so great an 
 enemy to Digby and Colepepper, who were only 
 present in the debates of the war with the officers, 
 that he crossed all they proposed. The truth is, 
 all the army had been disposed, from the first 
 raising it, to a neglect and contempt of the coun- 
 cil ; and the king himself had not been solicitous 
 enough to preserve the respect due to it, in which 
 he lessened his own dignity. II. 554. 
 
 HENRY VISCOUNT WILMOT, * GENERAL OF THI 
 HORSE, COMPARED WITH HIS RIVAL AND SUC- 
 CESSOR, GEORGE LORD GORING, f 
 
 WILMOT loved debauchery, but shut it out 
 from his business ; never neglected that, and rarely 
 
 * He was created earl of Rochester, anddied 1659. 
 + Eldest son of the earl o'f Norwich; he assumed the 
 habit of a dominican friar in Spain, where he died.
 
 t 129 ] 
 
 miscarried in it. Goring had a much better un- 
 derstanding, and a sharper wit (except in the very 
 exercise of debauchery, and then the other was in- 
 spired), a much keener courage, and presentness 
 of mind in danger: Wilmot discerned it farther 
 off, and because he could not behave himself so 
 well in it, commonly prevented, or warily declined 
 it ; and never drank when he was within distance 
 of an enemy: Goring was not able to resist the 
 temptation when he was in the middle of them, 
 nor would decline it to obtain a victory. 
 
 Neither of them valued their promises, profes- 
 sions, or friendships, according to any rules of 
 honour or integrity; but Wilmot violated them 
 the less willingly, and never but for some great 
 benefit or convenience to himself: Goring without 
 scruple, out of humour, or for wit's sake; and 
 loved no man so well but that he would cozen 
 him, and then expose him to public mirth for 
 having been cozened: therefore he had always 
 fewer friends than the other, , but more company ; 
 for no man had a wit that pleased the company 
 better. The ambition of both was unlimited, and 
 so equally incapable of being contented; and both 
 unrestrained by any respect to good nature or jus-
 
 [ 130] 
 
 tice, from pursuing the satisfaction thereof: yet 
 Wilmot had more scruples from religion to startle 
 him, and would not have attained his end by any 
 gross or foul act of wickedness ; Goring could 
 have passed through those pleasantly ; and would, 
 without hesitation, have broken any trust, or 
 done any act of treachery, to have satisfied an or- 
 dinary passion or appetite ; and in truth, wanted 
 nothing but industry (for he had wk, and cou- 
 rage, and understanding, and ambition, uncon- 
 trouled by any fear of God or man) to have been 
 as eminent and successful in the highest attempt 
 of wickedness, as any man in the age he lived in, 
 or before. Of all his qualifications, dissimulation 
 was his master-piece; in which he so much ex- 
 celled, that men were not ordinarily ashamed or 
 out of countenance, with being deceived but twice 
 by him. II. 481. 554.
 
 RALPH HOPTON, CR. LORD HOPTON OF STRATTON 
 DIED MDCLH. 
 
 HE was a man superior to any temptation, and 
 abhorred enough the license and the levities with 
 which he saw too many corrupted. He had a good 
 understanding, a clear courage, an industry not 
 to be tired, and a generosity that was not to be 
 exhausted, a virtue that none of the rest had : 
 but in the debates concerning the war, was longer 
 in resolving, and more apt to change his mind 
 after he had resolved, than is agreeable to the of- 
 fice of a commander in chief; which rendered him 
 rather fit for the second, than for the supreme 
 command, in an army. II. 482. 
 
 SIR JACOB ASTLEY, CR. LORD ASTLEY DIED 
 MDCLI. 
 
 HE was an honest, brave, plain man, and as fit 
 for the office he exercised, of major-general of the 
 foot, as Christendom yielded, and was so generally
 
 [ 132 ] 
 
 esteemed; very discerning and prompt in giving 
 orders, as the occasions required, and most cheer- 
 ful and present in any action. In council he used 
 few, but very pertinent words ; and was not at all 
 pleased with the long speeches usually made there ; 
 and which rather confounded, than informed his 
 understanding : so that he rather collected the 
 ends of the debates, and what he was himself to 
 do, than enlarged them by his own discourses ; 
 though he forbore not to deliver his own mind. 
 II. 482. 
 
 GEORGE BRYDGES, SIXTH LORD CHANDOS OF SUD- 
 LEY CASTLE DIED MDCLIV. 
 
 HE was a young man of spirit and courage ; and 
 had, for two years, served the king very bravely at 
 the head of a regiment of horse, which himself had 
 raised at his own charge ; but had lately, out of 
 pure weariness of the fatigue, and having spent 
 most of his money, and without any diminution of 
 his affection, left the king, under pretence of tra- 
 vel; but making London his way, he gave himself
 
 C 133 ] 
 
 up to the pleasures of that place ; which he en- 
 joyed without considering the issue of the war, or 
 shewing any inclinatioa to the parliament; nor 
 did he, in any degree, contribute to the delivery of 
 his house; which was at first imagined, because it 
 was so ill, or not at all defended.* II. 491. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM MORTON DIED MDCLXXII. 
 
 HE was a gentleman of the long robe; who, in 
 the beginning of the war, cast off his gown, as 
 many other gallant men of that profession did, and 
 served as lieutenant colonel in the regiment of 
 horse under the lord Chandps ; and had given so 
 frequent testimony of signal courage in several ac* 
 tions, in which he had received many wounds, both 
 by the pistol and the sword, that his mettle was 
 never suspected ; and his fidelity as little ques- 
 tioned: and after many years of imprisonment, sus- 
 tained with great firmness and constancy, he lived 
 
 * Sudley castle was surrendered to Waller by treachery; 
 and the governor, Sir William Morton, was sent to the 
 Tower.
 
 [ '343 
 
 to receive the reward of his merit, after the return 
 of the king ; who made him first a serjeant at law; 
 and afterwards a judge of the king's bench; * where 
 he sat many years, and discharged the office with 
 much gravity and learning ; and was very terrible 
 to those who chose to live by robbing on the high- 
 way. II. 491. 
 
 SIR WILLIAM PENNYMAN, f DIED S. P. MDCXLIII. 
 
 HE had been governor of Oxford, to the great 
 satisfaction of all men, being a very brave and ge- 
 nerous person, and who performed all manner of 
 civilities to all sorts of people, as having had a good 
 education, and well understanding the manners of 
 the court. II. 526. 
 
 * The portraits of judges Kelyng, Ttuisden, Windham, and 
 Morton, of the king's bench ; Bridgeman, Tyrrell, Brown, and 
 Archer, of the common pleas ; Hale, Athyns, Turner, and Raim- 
 ford, of the exchequer, (who offered to settle, without law- 
 juits, the disputes occasioned by the fire of London, in 1666) 
 are in Guildhall. 
 
 + Of Marske, co. York; cr. a baronet, 1628. He was 
 colonel of a regiment of foot ; and in the civil wars main- 
 tained two troops of horse, and one company of foot, at his
 
 [ '35 1 
 
 SIR HENRY GAGE, GOVERNOR OF OXFORD KILLED 
 NEAR ABINGDON, MDCXLIV. 
 
 HE was in, truth a very extraordinary man, of 
 a large and very graceful person ; of an honourable 
 extraction, his grandfather having been knight of 
 the garter ; besides his great experience and abi- 
 lities as a soldier, which were very eminent, he had 
 very great parts of breeding, being a very good 
 scholar in the polite parts of learning, a great mas- 
 ter in the Spanish and Italian tongues, besides the 
 French and the Dutch, which he spoke in great 
 perfection ; having scarce been in England in 
 twenty years before. He was likewise very con- 
 versant in courts, and deserved to be looked upon 
 as a wise and accomplished person. Of this gen- 
 tleman, the lords of the council had a singular 
 esteem, and consulted frequently with him, whilst 
 they looked to be besieged ; and thought Oxford 
 to be the more secure for his being in it. II. 527. 
 
 own expcnce. His cousin-german, James Pcnnyman, of 
 Ormsby, was also a col. of foot in the king's army, and was 
 created a baronet, 1663. Wotton's Baronetage.
 
 136 
 
 SIR HENRY KILLIGREW DIED M0CXLVI. 
 
 HE was a member of the house of commons ; 
 and though he had no other relation to the court 
 than the having many friends there, as wherever 
 he was known he was exceedingly beloved, he was 
 most zealous and passionate in opposing all the 
 extravagant proceedings of the parliament. 
 
 He would never take any command in the army; 
 but they who had, consulted with no man more. 
 He was in all actions, and in those places where 
 was most danger, having great courage and a 
 pleasantness of humour in danger that was very 
 exemplary ; and they who did not do their duty, 
 took care not to be within his view ; for he was 
 a very sharp speaker, and cared not for angering 
 those who deserved to be reprehended. The 
 Arundels, Trelawnies, Slannings, Trevanions, 
 and all the signal men of that county, infinitely 
 loved his spirit and sincerity; and his credit and 
 interest had a great influence upon all but those 
 who did not love the king ; and to those he was 
 very terrible," and exceedingly hated by them ; and 
 not loved by men of moderate tempers ; for he
 
 t 137 3 
 
 thought all such prepared to rebel, when a little 
 success should encourage them; and was many 
 times too much offended with men who wished 
 well, and whose constitutions and complexions 
 would not permit them to express the same frank- 
 ness, which his nature and keenness of spirit could 
 not suppress. His loss was much lamented by all 
 good men. III. 41. 
 
 WILLIAM, DUKE OF HAMILTON KILLED AT WOR- 
 CESTER FIGHT, MDCLI. 
 
 HE fell into the enemy's hands, and the next 
 day died of his wounds; and thereby prevented 
 the being made a spectacle, as his brother had 
 been ; * which the pride and animosity of his ene- 
 mies would no doubt have caused to be, having 
 the same pretence for it, by his being a peer of 
 England, as the other was. He was, in all re- 
 spects, to be much preferred before the other ; a 
 much wiser, though, it may be, a less cunning 
 man: for he did not affect dissimulation, which 
 
 * Page 57.
 
 [ '38 ] 
 
 was the other's master-piece. He had unques- 
 tionable courage : he was in truth a very accom- 
 plished person, of an excellent judgment, and 
 clear and ready expressions : and though he had 
 been driven into some unwarrantable actions, he 
 made it very evident he had not been led by any 
 inclinations of his own, and passionately and hear- 
 tily run to all opportunities of redeeming it : and 
 in the very article of his death, he expressed a 
 marvellous cheerfulness, " that he had the ho- 
 " nour to lose his life in the king's service, and 
 " thereby to wipe out the memory of his former 
 " transgressions ;" which he always professed were 
 odious to himself. III. 124. 409. 
 
 JOHN MAITLAND, EARL OF LAUDERDALE J CR. 
 DUKE DIED MDCLXXXII. 
 
 HE was a man of great parts and industry, 
 though he loved pleasure; but was insolent, im- 
 perious, flattering, and dissembling, fit for in- 
 trigues and contrivances, by the want of ingenuity,
 
 STCha.LUCAS.
 
 SCfceo
 
 [ 139] 
 
 and by the experience and practice he had in the 
 committee of both kingdoms in their darkest de- 
 signs. He had courage enough not to fail where 
 it was absolutely necessary, and no impediment of 
 honour to restrain him from doing any thing that 
 might gratify any of his passions. III. 124. 
 
 SIR CHARLES LUCAS, AND SIR GEORGE LISLE EXE- 
 CUTED AT COLCHESTER, MDCXLVIII. 
 
 THEY were men of great name and esteem in 
 the war ; the one being held as good a commander 
 of horse, and the other of foot, as the nation had ; 
 but of very different tempers and humours. Lucas 
 was the younger brother of lord Lucas, and his 
 heir both to the honour and estate, and had a pre- 
 sent fortune of his own. He had been bred in the 
 Low Countries under the prince of Orange, and al- 
 ways amongst the horse. He had little conver- 
 sation in that court, where great civility was prac- 
 tised, and learned. He was very brave in his per- 
 son, and in a day of battle a gallant man to look
 
 [ I 4 o] 
 
 upon> and follow ; but at all other times and places, 
 of a nature scarce to be lived with, of no good un- 
 derstanding, of a rough and proud huniour, and 
 very morose conversation ; yet they all desired to 
 accompany him in his death. Lisle was a gentle- 
 man who had had the same education with the 
 other, and at the same time an officer of foot ; had 
 all the courage of the other, and led his men to a 
 battle with such an alacrity, that no man was ever 
 better followed ; his soldiers never forsaking him ; 
 and the p arty which he commanded, never left any 
 thing undone which he led them upon. But then, 
 to his fierceness of courage, he had the softest and 
 most gentle nature imaginable; was kind to all, 
 and beloved of all, and without a capacity to have 
 an enemy. The manner of taking the lives of 
 these worthy men was new, and without example, 
 and concluded by most men to be very barbarous; 
 and was generally imputed to Ireton, who swayed 
 Fairfax, and was, upon all occasions, of an un- 
 mercitul and bloody nature. III. 178. 

 
 L B . CAPE i. 

 
 ARTHUR CAPEL, CR. LORD CAPEL BEHEADED 
 
 MDCXLVIII. 
 
 HE was a man in whom the malice of his ene- 
 mies could discover very few faults, and whom his 
 friends could not wish better accomplished; whom 
 Cromwell's own character well described, and who 
 indeed would never have been contented to have 
 lived under that government. His memory, all 
 men loved and reverenced, though few followed 
 his example. He had always lived in a state of 
 great plenty and general estimation, having a very 
 noble fortune of his own by descent, and a fair ad- 
 dition to it by his marriage with an excellent wife,* 
 a lady of very worthy extraction, of great virtue 
 and beauty, by whom he had a numerous issue of 
 both sexes, in which he took great joy and com- 
 fort : so that no man was more happy in all his 
 domestic affairs ; and he was so much the more 
 happy, in that he thought himself most blessed 
 in them. 
 
 * Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir Charles Morison, 
 knight and baronet. Her eldest son, Arthur, waj created 
 viscount Maiden and earl of Essex. 
 
 K
 
 [ i4 3 
 
 And yet the king's honour was no sooner vio- 
 lated, and his just power invaded, than he threw 
 all those blessings behind him ; and having no 
 other obligations to the crown, than those which 
 his own honour and conscience suggested to him, 
 he frankly engaged his person and his fortune 
 from the beginning of the troubles, as many others 
 did, in all actions and enterprizes of the greatest 
 hazard and danger j and continued to the end, 
 without ever making one false step, as few others 
 did, though he had once, by the iniquity of a fac- 
 tion that then prevailed, an indignity put upon 
 him that might have excused him for some re- 
 mission of his former warmth. But it made no 
 other impression upon him than to be quiet and 
 contented, whilst they would let him alone, and* 
 with the same cheerfulness, to obey the first sum- 
 mons when he was calkd out ; which was quickly 
 after. In a word, he was a man, that whoever 
 shall, after him, deserve best of the English na- 
 tion, he can never think himself undervalued, when 
 he shall hear, that his courage, virtue, and fidelity, 
 are laid in the balance with, and compared to that 
 of the lord Capel. 111.273.
 
 MARQUIS of MONTROSE
 
 [ 143 3 
 
 JAMES GRAHAM, MARQUIS OF MONTROSE EXE- 
 
 CUTED AT EDINBURGH MDCL. 
 
 HE had given as great testimony of loyalty and 
 courage as a subject could do, and performed as 
 wonderful actions in several battles, upon as great 
 inequality of numbers, and as great disadvantages 
 in respect of arms, and other preparations for war, 
 as have been performed in any age. He was a 
 gentleman of a very ancient extraction, many of 
 whose ancestors had exercised the highest chafges 
 under the king in Scotland, and had been allied 
 to the crown itself. He was of very good parts, 
 which were improved by a good education. He 
 had always a great emulation, or rather a great 
 contempt of the marquis of Argyle (as he was too 
 apt to contemn those he did not love), who wanted 
 nothing but honesty and courage to be a very ex- 
 traordinary man, having all other good talents in 
 a very great degree. Montrose was in his nature 
 fearless of danger, and never declined any enter- 
 prize for the difficulty of going through with it, 
 but exceedingly affected those which seemed des- 
 perate to other men, and did believe somewhat to 
 Kz
 
 [ 144] 
 
 be in himself above other men, which made him 
 live more easily towards those who were, or were 
 willing to be, inferior to him (towards whom he 
 exercised wonderful civility and generosity) , than 
 with his superiors or equals. He was naturally jea- 
 lous, and suspected those who did not concur with 
 him in the way, not to mean so well as he. He was 
 not without vanity, but his virtues were much su- 
 perior, and he well deserved to have his memory 
 preserved, and celebrated amongst the most illus- 
 trious persons of the age in which he lived. III. 
 357- 
 
 WILLIAM WIDDRINGTON, CR. LORD WIDDRING- 
 TON * SLAIN AT WIGAN MDCLI. 
 
 HE was of the best and most ancient extraction 
 of the county of Northumberland, and of a very 
 fair fortune, and one of the four which Charles I. 
 made choice of to be about the person of his son 
 the prince, as gentleman of his privy-chamber, 
 when he first settled his family. His affection to 
 * Of Blankney, co. Lincoln. Title forfeited, 1715.
 
 [ 145 ] 
 
 the king was always remarkable ; and serving in 
 the house of commons, as knight of the shire, for 
 the county of Northumberland, he quickly got the 
 reputation of being amongst the most malignant. 
 As soon as the war broke out, he was of the first 
 who raised both horse and foot at his own charge, 
 and served eminently with them under the mar- 
 quis of Newcastle; with whom he had a very par- 
 ticular and entire friendship. He was very nearly 
 allied to the marquis; and by his testimony that he 
 had performed many signal services, he was, about 
 the middle of the war, made a peer of the kingdom. 
 He was a man of great courage, but of some pas- 
 sion, by which he incurred the ill-will of many, 
 who imputed it to an insolence of nature, which no 
 man was farther from; no man of a nature more 
 civil, and candid towards all, in business, or con- 
 versation. But having sat long in the house of 
 commons, and observed the disingenuity of the 
 proceedings there, and the gross cheats by which 
 they deceived and cozened the people, he had con- 
 tracted so hearty an indignation against fhem, and 
 all who were cozened by them, and against all who 
 had not his zeal to oppose and destroy them, that 
 he often said things to slow and phlegmatic men,
 
 C H* ] 
 
 which offended them, and, it may be, injured 
 them j which his good-nature often obliged him 
 to acknowledge, and ask pardon of those wh 
 would not question him for it. III. 404. 
 
 SIR THOMAS TILDESLEY- SLAIN AT WICAIs* 
 
 MDCLI. 
 
 HE was a gentleman of a good family, and a 
 good fortune; who had raised men at his own 
 charge at the beginning of the war, and had served 
 in the command of them till the very end of it, 
 with great courage; and refusing to make any 
 composition after the murder of the king, he found 
 means to transport himself into Ireland to the 
 marquis of Ormond ; with whom he staid, till he 
 was, with the rest of the English officers, dismissed, 
 to satisfy the barbarous jealousy of the Irish; and 
 then got over into Scotland, a little before the 
 king marched from thence, and was desired by 
 the earl of Derby to remain with him. III. 405.
 
 Put.
 
 1 147] 
 
 JAMES STANLEY, SEVENTH EARL OF DERBY 
 
 BEHEADED MDCLI. 
 
 He was a man of unquestionable loyalty to the 
 late king, and gave clear testimony of it before he 
 received any obligations from the court, and when 
 he thought himself disobliged by it. Charles II, 
 in his first year, sent him the garter; and the sense 
 of that honour made him so readily comply with 
 the king's command in attending him, when he 
 had no confidence in the undertaking, nor any in- 
 clination to the Scots ; who, he thought, had too 
 much guilt upon them, in having depressed the 
 crown, to be made instruments of repairing and 
 restoring it. He was a man of great honour and 
 clear courage; and all his defects and misfortunes, 
 proceeded from his having lived so little time 
 among his equals, that he knew not how to treat 
 his inferiors ; which was the source of all the ill 
 that befel him, having thereby drawn such pre- 
 judice against him from persons of inferior quality, 
 who yet thought themselves too good to be con- 
 temned, that they pursued him to death. The 
 King's army was no sooner defeated at Worcester,
 
 but the parliament renewed their old method of 
 murdering in cold blood, and sent a commission 
 to erect a high court of justice to persons"of ordi- 
 nary quality, many not being gentlemen, and all 
 notoriously his enemies, to try the earl of Derby 
 for his treason and rebellion, which they easily 
 found him guilty of; and put him to death in a 
 town of his own* (against which he had expressed 
 a severe displeasure for their obstinate rebellion 
 against the king), with all the circumstances of 
 rudeness and barbarity they -could invent. III. 
 411. 
 
 HENRT IRETON DIED MDCLI. 
 
 HE was of a melancholic, reserved, dark nature, 
 who communicated his thoughts to very few j so 
 that, for the most part, he resolved alone, but was 
 never diverted from any resolution he had taken ; 
 and he was thought often by his obstinacy to pre- 
 
 * Bolton in Lancashire.
 
 vail over Cromwell himself, and to extort his con- 
 currence contrary to his own inclinations; But 
 that proceeded only from his dissembling less ; for 
 he was never reserved in the owning and commu- 
 nicating his worst and most barbarous purposes ; 
 which the other always concealed and disavowed. 
 Hitherto their concurrence had been very natural, 
 since they had the same ends and designs. It was 
 generally conceived by those who had the oppor- 
 tunity to know them both very well, that Ireton 
 was a man so radically averse to monarchy, and 
 so fixed to a republican government, that, if he 
 had lived, he would either, by his counsel and ere- 
 dit, have prevented those excesses in Cromwell, 
 or, publicly opposed and declared against them, 
 and carried the greatestpart of the army with him ; 
 and that Cromwell, who best knew his nature, and 
 his temper, had therefore carried him into Ireland, 
 and left him there, that he might be without his 
 counsels or importunities, when he should find it 
 necessary to put off his mask, and to act that part 
 which he foresaw it would be requisite to do. 
 Others thought, his parts lay more towards civil 
 affairs ; and were fitter for the modelling that go- 
 vernment, which his heart was set upon (being a
 
 r '5*] 
 
 scholar, conversant in the law, and in all those 
 authors who had expressed the greatest animosity 
 and malice against the regal government), than 
 for the conduct of an army to support it ; his per- 
 sonal courage being never reckoned among his 
 other abilities. III. 467. 
 
 JOHN WILDMAN DIED MDC** 
 
 HE had been bred in the university of Cam- 
 bridge ; and being young, and of a pregnant wit, 
 in the beginning of the rebellion meant to make 
 his fortune in the war; and chose to depend upon 
 Cromwell's countenance and advice, and was much 
 esteemed and valued by him, and made an officer j 
 and was so active in contriving and fomenting jea- 
 lousies and discontents, and so dextrous in compo- 
 sing, or improving any disgusts, and so inspired 
 with the spirit of praying and preaching, when 
 those gifts came into request, and became thriving 
 arts, that about the time when the king was taken 
 from Holmby, and it was necessary that the army
 
 [ '5' 3 
 
 should enter into contests with the parliament, 
 John Wildman grew to be one of the principal 
 agitators, and was most relied upon by Cromwell 
 to infuse those things into the minds of the soldiers, 
 and to conduct them in the managery of their dis- 
 contents, as might most advance those designs he 
 then had ; and quickly got the reputation of a 
 man of parts ; and, having a smooth pen, drew 
 many of the papers which first kindled the fire 
 between the parliament and the army, that was not 
 afterwards extinguished but in the ruin of both. 
 III. 499. 
 
 JOHN LILBURN DIED MDCLVII. 
 
 BEFORE the troubles, he was a poor book- 
 binder ; when the war begun, he put himself into 
 the army, and was taken prisoner by the King's 
 forces at Brentford, in 1642 : and (being arraigned 
 for treason) he behaved himself with so great 
 impudence, in extolling the power of the par- 
 liament, that it was manifest he had an ambition
 
 to have been [made a martyr for that cause. But 
 as he was liberally supplied from his friends at 
 London, (and the parliament in express terms 
 declared, "that they would inflict punishment 
 upon the prisoners they had of the king's party, 
 in the same manner as Lilburn and the rest should 
 suffer at Oxford") so he did find means to corrupt 
 the marshal who had the custody of him; and made 
 his escape into the parliament's quarters ; where he 
 was received with public joy, as a champion that 
 had defied the king in his own court. 
 
 From this time he was entertained by Crom- 
 well with great familiarity, and, in his contests 
 with the parliament, was of much use to him, and 
 privacy with him. But he begun then to find him 
 of so restless and unruly a spirit, and to make 
 those advances in religion against the presbyterians 
 before he thought it seasonable, that he dispensed 
 with his presence in the army, where -he was an 
 officer of name, and made him reside in London, 
 where he wished that temper should be improved. 
 III.SOi.
 
 ROBERT BLAKE, ADMIRAL DIED MDCLVII.* 
 
 HE was a man of a private extraction ; yet had 
 enough left him by his father to give him a good 
 education ; which his own inclination disposed him 
 to receive in the university of Oxford ; where he 
 took the degree of a master of arts; and was 
 enough versed in books for a man who intended 
 not to be of any profession, having sufficient of his 
 own to maintain him in the plenty he affected. 
 
 When the troubles begun, he quickly declared 
 himself against the king; and having some com- 
 mand in Bristol, when it was first taken by prince 
 Rupert and the marquis of Hertford, being trusted 
 with the command of a little fort upon the line, he 
 refused to give it up, after the governor had 
 signed the articles of surrender, and kept it some 
 hours after the prince, was in the town, and killed 
 some of the soldiers ; for which'the prince resolved 
 to hang him, if some friends had not interposed 
 for him, upon his want of experience in war; and 
 
 * Cromwell caused hin to be buried in Henry VII, ch*. 
 pel. at the charge of the public,
 
 [ '54 ] 
 
 prevailed with him to quit the place by very great 
 importunity, and with much difficulty. After this, 
 (having done eminent service to the parliament, 
 especially at Taunton, at land), he betook 
 himself wholly to the sea; and quickly made 
 himself signal there. He was the first man that 
 declined the old track, and made it manifest that 
 the science might be attained in less time than was 
 imagined ; and despised those rules which had been 
 long in practice, to keep his ship and his men out 
 of danger ; which had been held in former times 
 a point of great ability and circumspection; as if 
 the principal art requisite in the captain of a 
 ship had been to be sure to come home safe again. 
 He was the first man who brought the ships to 
 contemn castles on shore, which had been thought 
 ever very formidable, and were discovered by him 
 to make a noise only, and to fright those who 
 could rarely be hurt by them. He was the first 
 that infused that proportion of courage into the 
 seamen, by making them see by experience, what 
 mighty things they could do, if they were resolved; 
 and taught them to fight in fire as well as upon 
 water: and though he hath been very well imi- 
 tated and followed, he was the first that gave the
 
 C 156 ] 
 
 tation, had a greater influence upon the people, 
 than they who talked more and louder; and was 
 known to be irreconcilable to the new govern- 
 ment; and therefore was cut off, notwithstanding 
 very great intercession to preserve him. III. 623. 
 
 JOHN HEWIT, D. D. BEHEADED MDCLVIII. 
 
 HE was born a gentleman, and bred a scholar, 
 and was a divine before the beginning of the trou- 
 bles. He lived in Oxford, and in the army, till 
 the end of the war, and continued afterwards to 
 preach with great applause in a little church in 
 London ; where, by the affection of the parish, he 
 was admitted, since he was enough known to lie 
 notoriously under the brand of malignity. He was 
 made choice of, to marry the Lord Falconbridge 
 to Cromwell's daughter, according to the order of 
 the church; which engaged both that lord and lady 
 to use their utmost credit with the protector to 
 preserve his life; but he was inexorable, and desi- 
 rous that the churchmen, upon whom he looked
 
 [ '57 ] 
 
 as his mortal enemies, should see what they were 
 to trust to, if they stood in need of his mercy. III. 
 6z 4 . 
 
 OLIVER CROMWELL, LORD PROTECTOR DIED 
 
 MDCLVIII. 
 
 HE was one of those men, quos vituperare ne 
 inimici quidem possunt, nisi ut simul laudent ; 
 whom his very enemies could not condemn without 
 commending him at the same time: for he could 
 never have done half that mischief without great 
 parts of courage, industry, and judgment. He 
 must have had a wonderful understanding in the 
 natures and humours of men, and as great a dex- 
 terity in applying them; who, from a private and 
 obscure birth (though of a good family) without 
 interest or estate, alliance or friendship, could raise 
 himsell to such a height, and compound and knead 
 such opposite and contradictory tempers, humours, 
 and interests into a consistence, that contributed 
 to his designs, and to their own destruction; whilst 
 himself grew insensibly powerful enough to cut off 
 L
 
 c 158 i 
 
 ihose by whom he had climbed, in the instant that 
 they projected to demolish their own building. 
 What was said of China may very justly be said 
 of him, ausum cum, qua nemo auderet bonus, 
 perfecisse, qua a nullo, nisi fortissimo, perfici 
 possent.* He attempted those things which no 
 good man durst have ventured on ; and atchieved 
 those in which none but a valiant and great man 
 could have succeeded. Without doubt, no man 
 with more wickedness ever attempted any thing, 
 or brought to pass what he desired more wickedly, 
 more in the face and contempt of religion, and 
 moral honesty ; yet wickedness as great as his could 
 never hare accomplished those designs, without 
 the assistance of a great spirit, an admirable cir- 
 cumspection, and sagacity, and a most magnani- 
 mous resolution. 
 
 When he appeared first in the parliament, he 
 seemed to have a person in no degree gracious, { 
 no ornament of discourse, none of those talents 
 
 *Vell. Patcrc, lib. 2. c. 24. 
 
 f Sir Philip Warwick, who yields^to none of his contem- 
 porary historians in candour and integrity, gives a minute 
 description of the deportment of Cromwell at this time, 
 9tt Warwick's mtmtirs oftht reign of Char Iff I. 8r. p. 247.
 
 [ 1593 
 
 which use to conciliate the affections of the stan- 
 der by : yet as he grew into place and authority, 
 his parts seemed to be raised, as if he had had 
 concealed faculties, till he had occasion to use 
 them : and when he was to act the part of a great 
 man, he did it without any indecency, notwith- 
 standing the want of custom. 
 
 After he was confirmed and invested protector, 
 he consulted with very few upon any action of 
 importance, nor communicated any enterprise he 
 resolved upon, with more than those who were to 
 have principal parts in the execution of it; nor 
 with them sooner than was absolutely necessary. 
 What he once resolved, in which he was not rash, 
 he would not be dissuaded from, nor endure any 
 contradiction of his power and authority; but ex- 
 torted obedience from them who were not willing 
 to yield it. He committed serjeant Maynard to the 
 Tower for presuming (in Westminster-hall) to 
 question or make doubt of his authority; and the 
 judges were sent for, and severely reprehended for 
 suffering that licence. Thus he subdued a spirit 
 that had often been troublesome to the most so- 
 vereign power, and made Westminster-hall as 
 obedient to his commands as any of the rest of his 
 L 2
 
 [ i6o] 
 
 quarters. In all other matters which did not con- 
 cern the life of his jurisdiction, he seemed to have 
 great reverence for the law, rarely interposing 
 between party and party. As he proceeded with 
 this kind of indignation with those who were re- 
 fractory, and durst contend with his greatness, so 
 towards all who complied with his good pleasure, 
 and courted his protection, he used great civility, 
 generosity and bounty. To reduce three-nations 
 which perfectly hated him, to an entire obedience 
 to all his dictates; to awe, and govern those 
 nations by an army that was indevoted to him, 
 and wished his ruin, was an instance of a very 
 prodigious address. But his greatness at home, 
 was but a shadow of the glory he had abroad. 
 It was hard to discover, which feared him most, 
 France, Spain, or the low countries, where his 
 friendship was current at the value he put upon it. 
 As they did all sacrifice their honour, and their 
 interest, to his pleasure, so their is nothing he 
 could have demanded, that either of them would 
 have denied him. 
 
 To conclude his character, Cromwell was not 
 so far a man of blood, as to follow Machiavel's 
 method; which prescribes, upon a total alteration
 
 of government, as a thing absolutely necessary, to 
 cut off all the heads of those, and extirpate their 
 families, who are friends to the old one. It was 
 confidently reported, that, in the council of officers, 
 it was more than once proposed, "that there might 
 be a general massacre of all the royal party, as 
 the only expedient to secure the government," 
 but that Cromwell would never consent to, it may 
 be, out of too great a contempt of his enemies. 
 In a word, as he was guilty of many crimes 
 against which damnation is denounced, and for 
 which hell-fire is prepared, so he had some good 
 qualities which have caused the memory of some 
 men in all ages to be celebrated ; and he will be 
 looked upon by posterity as a brave wicked man. 
 III. 648. 
 
 GEORGE MONK, CR. DUKE OF ALBEMARLE, &C. 
 DIED MDCLX1X. 
 
 HE was of an ancient family in Devonshire, 
 always very loyally affected, and being a younger 
 brother, he entered early into the life and con-
 
 C 16* ] 
 
 dition of a soldier. When the troubles began in 
 Scotland, he betook himself to the service of the 
 king, and was soon after sent into Ireland, where 
 he served with singular reputation of courage and 
 conduct. 
 
 He was taken prisoner at Namptwich, and 
 remained in the Tower to the end of the war, 
 when Cromwell prevailed upon him to engage 
 himself again in the war of Ireland, and from that 
 time he continued very firm to Cromwell, who 
 was liberal and bountiful to him, and took him 
 into his entire confidence. 
 
 After the death of Cromwell, Monk was looked 
 upon as a man more inclined to the king, than 
 any other in great authority, if he might discover 
 it without too much loss or hazard. He had no 
 fumes of fanaticism to turn his head, nor any credit 
 with, or dependance upon any who were swayed 
 by these trances.* 111.699. 
 
 * The reader must have recourse to the history itself fbf 
 ttt^account of this illustrious restorer of monarchy.
 
 EDWARD MONTAGU, CR. EARL OF SANDWICH, 
 &C. LOST HIS LIFE IN THE BATTLE OF SOUTH- 
 WOLD BAY, MDCLXXII. 
 
 HE was of a noble family, of which some were 
 too much addicted to fnnovations in religion, and 
 in the beginning of the troubles he appeared 
 against the king; though his father, who had been 
 long a servant to the crown, never could be pre- 
 vailed upon to swerve from his allegiance, and 
 took all the care he could to restrain this his only 
 son within those limits : but being young, and 
 more out of his father's control by being married 
 into a family,* which at that time, also trod awry, 
 he was so far wrought upon by the caresses of 
 Cromwell, that, out of pure affection to him, he 
 was persuaded to take command in the army, 
 when it was new modelled under Fairfax, and 
 when he was little more than twenty years of age. 
 He served in that army in the condition of a colo- 
 nel to the end of the war, with the reputation of a 
 very stout and sober young man. And from that 
 
 * Jemima, daughter of John Lord Crewe, of Stene*
 
 time Cromwell, to whom he passionately adhered, 
 took him into his nearest confidence, and sent him, 
 first joined in commission with Blake; and then, 
 in the sole command by sea ; in which he was 
 discreet and successful. And though men looked 
 upon him as devoted to Cromwell's interest, in all 
 other respects he behaved himself with civility to 
 all men, and without the least shew of acrimony 
 towards any who had served the king ; and was so 
 much in love with monarchy, that he was one of 
 those who most desired and advised Cromwell to 
 accept, and assume that title, when it was offered 
 to him by his parliament. 
 
 He was of so excellent a temper and behaviour, 
 that he could make himself no enemies ; and of so 
 many good qualities and so easy to live with, that 
 he marvellously reconciled the minds of all men 
 to him, who had not intimacy enough with him 
 to admire his other parts, yet was in the general 
 inclinations of men upon some disadvantage. 
 They who had constantly followed the king, whilst 
 he as constantly adhered to Cromwell, and knew 
 not how early he had entertained repentance, and 
 with what hazards and dangers he had manifested 
 it, did believe thf -ing had been too prodigal in
 
 heaping so many honours upon him. And they 
 who had been familiar with him and of the same 
 party, and thought they had been as active as he 
 in contributing to the revolution, considered him 
 with some anger, as one who had better luck than 
 they, without more merit, and who had made 
 early conditions; when in truth no man in the 
 kingdom had been less guilty of that address ; nor 
 did he ever contribute to any advancement to 
 which he arrived, by the least intimation or insi- 
 nuation that he wished it, or that it would be 
 acceptable to him. III. 729. Life III. 575. 
 
 ARCHIBALD CAMPBELL, MARQUIS OF ARGYLE, 
 EXECUTED MDCLXI. 
 
 He was a man like Drances, in Virgil, 
 Largus opum, et lingua melior, sed/rigida bello 
 Dextera, consiliis babitus non futilis auctor, 
 Seditione potens. 
 
 He was a person of extraordinary cunning, 
 well bred, and though he did not appear 
 with any great advantage at first sight, yet he 
 reconciled even those who had aversion to him
 
 [ 166 ] 
 
 very strongly by a little conversation;, insomuch 
 as after so many repeated indignities (to say no 
 worse) which he had put upon Charles I. and 
 when he had continued the same affronts to his 
 son, by hindering the Scots from inviting him, yet 
 when he was landed, no man paid him so much 
 reverence and outward respect, and gave so good 
 an example to all others, with what veneration 
 their king ought to be treated, as the marquis of 
 Argyle did, and in a very short time made himself 
 agreeable and acceptable to him. 
 
 His wit was pregnant, and his humour gay and 
 pleasant, except when he liked not the company 
 or the argument. When the opposite faction pre- 
 vailed, in which there were likewise crafty 
 managers, and that his counsels were commonly 
 rejected, he carried himself so, that they who 
 hated him most, were willing to compound with 
 him, and that his majesty should not withdraw his, 
 countenance from him. Life 11.98.
 
 C 167] 
 
 SIR RICHARD BROWNE DIED MDCLXXXH. 
 
 HE was lord mayor of London (1661) a very 
 stout and vigilant magistrate, who was equally 
 feared and hated by all the seditious party, for his 
 extraordinary zeal and resolution in the king's 
 service. Nor was there any man in England who 
 did raze out the memory of what he had formerly 
 done amiss, with a more signal acknowledgment, 
 or a more frank and generous engagement against 
 all manner of factions, which opposed or ob- 
 structed his majesty's service; which made him 
 terrible and odious to all, and to none more than 
 to the presbyterians who had seduced him.* 
 (During his mayoralty he quelled Venner's con- 
 spiracy with singular courage and activity.) Life, 
 11.136. 
 
 * He had been a major-general of the parliament army. 
 In 1648, Sir Richard Browne, Sir John Clotworthy, Sir 
 William Waller, major-general Massey and commissary- 
 general Copley were the most active members in the house, 
 of the presbytcrian party. HI. 240.
 
 C 168 
 
 JOHN, SECOND LORD ROBERTS, CR. EARL OF RAD- 
 NOR DIED MDCLXXXV. 
 
 THOUGH of a good understanding, he was of 
 so morose a nature, that it was no easy matter to 
 treat with him. He had some pedantic parts of 
 learning, which made his other parts of judg- 
 ment the worse. He was naturally proud and 
 imperious, which humour was encreased by an ill 
 education; for excepting some years spent in the 
 inns of court, he might be very justly said to have 
 been born and bred in Cornwall. When Lord 
 Deputy in Ireland, he received the information of 
 the chief persons- there so negligently, and gave 
 his answers so scornfully, that they besought the 
 king that they might not be obliged to attend 
 him any more ; but he was not a man that was 
 to be disgraced and thrown off without much 
 inconvenience and hazard. He had parts which in 
 council and parliament were very troublesome, 
 for of all men alive who had so few friends, he 
 had the most followers. They who conversed 
 most with him, knew him to have many humours 
 which were very intolerable ; they who were but
 
 [ 169 ] 
 
 little acquainted with him, took him to be a man 
 of much knowledge, and called his morosity 
 gravity. Life II. 193. 
 
 SIR. HENRT BENNET, CR. EARL OF ARLINGTON, 
 DIED MDCLXXXV. 
 
 HE was a man unversed in any business, who 
 never had, nor ever was like to speak in the house, 
 except in his ear who sat next him, to the disad- 
 vantage of some who had spoken, and had not the 
 faculties to get himself beloved, and was thought 
 by all men to be a roman catholic ; for which they 
 had not any other reason but from his indifference 
 in all things which concerned the church. Life 
 II. 356-
 
 C 170] 
 
 SIR WILLIAM MORRICK, KNT. DIED MDCLXVIir. 
 
 HE was preferred to the office of secretary of 
 state purely to gratify and oblige general Monk, 
 whose friend and kinsman he was. He had a good 
 reputation in the house of commons, and did the 
 business of his office without reproach. He had 
 lived most part of his time in the country, with the 
 repute of a wise man and a very good scholar ; 
 but being without any knowledge in the modern 
 languages, he gave the king often occasion to 
 laugh at his unskilful pronunciation of many words. 
 In the latin dispatches, which concern all the 
 northern parts, he was ready, and treated with 
 those ambassadors fluently and elegantly; -and 
 for all domestic affairs no man doubted his 
 sufficiency, except in the garb and mode, and 
 humour of the court. Life II. 368.
 
 SIR GEORGE DOWNING, KNT. AND BART. DIlD 
 ABOUT MDCLXX. 
 
 HE was of an obscure birth, and a more 
 obscure education, which he had received in 
 New England ; he had passed through many of- 
 fices in Cromwell's army, and at last got a very 
 particular credit and confidence with him, and 
 under that countenance married a beautiful lady 
 of a very noble extraction, which was the fate of 
 many bold men in that presumptious time. And 
 when Cromwell had subdued the Dutch, he sent 
 this man to reside as his agent with them, being 
 a man of a proud and insolent spirit, and who 
 would add to any imperious command of his 
 somewhat of the bitterness of his own spirit. He 
 contrived however to continue resident in Hol- 
 land after the restoration of the king. Life II. 
 343- 
 
 SIR JOHN LAWSON, KNT. DIED MDCLXT. 
 
 HE had such eminent skill and conduct in all 
 maritime occasions, that his counsel was most
 
 [ 17* 3 
 
 considered in all debates, and the greatest seamen 
 were ready to receive advice from him. He was of 
 Yorkshire, near Scarborough, and of that rank of 
 people who are bred to the sea from their cradle. 
 His industry and sobriety made him quickly taken 
 notice of, and to be preferred from a common 
 sailor to the command of the best ships. 
 
 He was in all the actions performed by Blake, 
 and in all the battles which Cromwell fought with 
 the Dutch. He served Charles II. with equal 
 fidelity, and performed to his death all that could 
 be expected from a brave and an honest man. Life 
 II. 508. 
 
 SIR RICHARD FANSHAWE, KNT. AND BART. 
 
 DIED MDCLXVI. 
 
 HE was a gentleman very well known and very 
 well beloved ; had been first ambassador in Por- 
 tugal, and had behaved himself so well there, that 
 when he returned from thence he was recom- 
 mended, and upon the matter desired, by that 
 crown to be sent to Spain, as the fittest person
 
 [ 173 ] 
 
 to mediate in the king's name between Spain and 
 Portugal; and the king had before designed to 
 send him ambassador into spain to settle a treaty 
 between that country and England. No man 
 knew that court better, or was so well versed in 
 the language, having lived there many years in 
 much better times. He had remained there about 
 two years with such frequent mortifications as 
 ministers use to meet with in courts irresolute 
 and perplexed in their own affairs, and had made 
 a journey to Lisbon upon the earnest desire of 
 Spain, and returned without effect. On a sudden 
 a project for a treaty was sent him, containing 
 more advantages in trade to the nation (which 
 are the most important matters in all those trea- 
 ties) and insisting upon fewer inconvenient con- 
 ditions, than had ever been in any of the former; 
 which treaty, with some secret article respecting 
 Portugal, he presently signed, and sent to England, 
 where many faults were found with it ; for besides 
 Sir Richard's absence, who would with greater 
 abilities have defended himself, than any of those 
 who reproached him, it was no advantage to him 
 that he was known to be much in Lord Clarendon's 
 confidence. In the end the king concluded that 
 M
 
 C '74 ] 
 
 he would not sign the treaty, and the ambassador 
 was recalled, and died at Madrid on the point of 
 setting out for England.* Life III. 582. 
 
 SIR NICHOLAS HTDE, LORD CHIEF JUSTICE OF 
 
 ENGLAND, UNCLE TO LORD CLARENDON, 
 
 DIED MDCXXXI. 
 
 HE was a man of excellent learning for that 
 province he was to govern, of unsuspected and 
 unblemished integrity, of an exemplary gravity 
 
 * He had a promise to be secretary of state, in which 
 he was disappointed; and was afterwards recalled from 
 his embassy to make way for the earl of Sandwich. The 
 memoirs of Sir Richard Fanshawe, and the sufferings of his 
 family for the crown, exquisitely written by his wife (one 
 of the daughters of Sir John Harrison, of Balls, Knt.) who 
 with her sister Margaret (married to Sir Edm. Tumor of 
 Stoke-Rochford, co. Lincoln, Knt.) were the constant at- 
 tendants of Sir Richard throughout the civil war, are in the 
 possession of the family, and might, from the interesting 
 matter they contain, prove an acceptable present to the 
 public. Stttht Europ an Magazine for 1792.
 
 [ '75 ] 
 
 and austerity, which was necessary for the manners 
 of that time, corrupted by the marching of armies, 
 and by the licence after the disbanding them ; and 
 though upon his promotion some years before 
 (1626) from a private practicer of the law, to the 
 supreme judicatory in it, by the power and recom- 
 mendation of the great favorite, of whose counsel 
 he had been, he was exposed to much envy and 
 some prejudice; yet his behaviour was so grateful 
 to all the judges, who had an entire confidence in 
 him, his service so useful to the king in his go- 
 vernment, his justice and sincerity so conspicuous 
 throughout the kingdom, that the death of no 
 judge had at any time been more lamented. He 
 died of a malignant fever, gotten from the in- 
 fection of some gaol in his summer circuit. Life 
 I. ii. 
 
 HENRY HYDE, FATHER TO LORD CLARENDON 
 DIED MDCXXXII. 
 
 HE wanted about six weeks of attaining the age 
 of seventy, and was the greatest instance of the 
 M 2
 
 1 176] 
 
 felicity of a country life that was seen in that age; 
 having enjoyed a competent, and to him a plenty- 
 ful fortune, a very great reputation of piety and 
 virtue, and his death being attended with univer- 
 sal lamentation. It cannot be expressed with 
 what agony his son bore his loss, having, as he 
 was used to say, " not only lost the best father, 
 but the best friend, and the best companion he 
 
 4 
 
 ever had or could have;" and he was never so well 
 pleased, as when he had fit occasions given him to 
 mention his father, whom he did in truth be- 
 lieve to be the wisest man he had ever known ; 
 and he was often heard to say in the time when 
 his condition was at the highest, " that though 
 God Almighty had been very propitious to him, in 
 raising him to great honours and preferments, he 
 did not value any honour he had so much as the 
 being the son of such a father and mother, for 
 whose sakes principally he thought God had con- 
 ferred those blessings upon him." Life I. 18.
 
 [ 177] 
 
 BEN JONSON DIID MDCXXXVII. 
 
 HIS name can never be forgotten, having by his 
 very good learning, and the severity of his nature 
 and manners very much reformed the stage, and 
 indeed the English poetry itself. His natural ad- 
 vantages were, judgment to order and govern 
 fancy, rather than excess of fancy, his productions 
 being slow and upon deliberation, yet then a- 
 bounding with great wit and fancy, and will live 
 accordingly : and surely as he did exceedingly 
 exalt the English language in eloquence, pro- 
 priety, and masculine expressions; so he was the 
 best judge of and fittest to prescribe rules to 
 poetry and poets, of any man who had lived with, 
 or before him, or since; if Mr. Cowley had 
 not made a flight beyond all men, with that 
 modesty yet, to ascribe much of this, to the ex- 
 ample and learning of Ben Jonson. Life I. 30.
 
 C 178 ] 
 
 JOHN SELDEJf DIED MDCLIV. 
 
 HE was a person whom no character can flatter, 
 or transmit in any expressions equal to his merit 
 and virtue, he was of so stupendous a learning 
 in all kinds, and in all languages (as may appear 
 in his excellent and transcendant writings) that a 
 man would have thought he had been entirely 
 conversant amongst books, and had never spent 
 an hour but in reading and writing; yet his 
 humanity, courtesy, and affability were such, that 
 he would have been thought to have been bred in 
 the best courts, but that his good nature, charity, 
 and delight in doing good exceeded that breeding. 
 His style in all his writings seems harsh and some- 
 times obscure ; which is not wholly to be imputed 
 to the abstruse subjects of which he commonly 
 treated, out of the paths trod by other men ; but 
 to a little undervaluing the beauty of style, 
 and too much propensity to the language of an- 
 tiquity; but in his conversation he was the most 
 clear discourser, and had the best faculty in 
 making hard things easy, and presenting them to 
 the understanding, of any man that hath been
 
 E 1793 
 
 known. If he had some infirmities with other 
 men, they were weighed down with wonderful and 
 prodigious abilities and excellencies in the other 
 scale. Life I. 31. 
 
 CHARLES COTTON DIED MDCLXXXVII. 
 
 HE was a gentleman born to a competent 
 fortune, and so qualified in his person and educa- 
 tion, that for many years he continued the greatest 
 ornament of the town, in the esteem of those who 
 had been best bred. His natural parts were very 
 great, his wit flowing in all the parts of conver- 
 sation ; the superstructure of learning not raised 
 to a considerable height ; but having passed some 
 years in Cambridge, and then in France, and 
 conversing always with learned men, his expres- 
 sions were ever proper and significant, and gave 
 great lustre to his discourse, upon any argument ; 
 so that he was thought by those who were not 
 intimate with him, to have been much better ac- 
 quainted with books than he was. He had all
 
 [ ifto] 
 
 those qualities which in youth raise men to the 
 reputation of being fine gentlemen ; such a plea- 
 santness and gaiety of humour, such a sweetness 
 and gentleness of nature, and such a civility and 
 delightfulness in conversation, that no man in the 
 court or out of it, appeared a more accomplished 
 person; all these extraordinary qualifications 
 being supported by as extraordinary a clearness 
 of courage, and fearlessness of spirit, of which he 
 gave too often manifestation. Life I. 32. 
 
 SIR JOHN VAUGHAN DIED MDCLXXIV. 
 
 WHEN a student of the Inner Temple, he 
 indulged more in the politer learning; and was 
 in truth a man of great parts of nature, and very 
 well ^adorned by arts and books, and so much 
 cherished by Mr. Selden, that he grew to be of 
 entire truth and friendship with him, and to that 
 owed the best part of his reputation ; for he was 
 of so magisterial and supercilious a humour, so 
 proud and insolent a behaviour, that all Mr. 
 Selden's instructions, and authority and example,
 
 could not file off that roughness of his nature, so 
 as to make him very grateful. He looked most 
 into those parts of the law, which disposed him 
 to least reverence to the crown, and most to 
 popular authority; yet without inclination to 
 any change in government; and therefore before 
 the beginning of the civil war, and when he 
 clearly discerned the approaches to it in parlia- 
 ment (of which he was a member) he withdrew 
 himself into the fastnesses of his own country, 
 North Wales, where he enjoyed a secure, and as 
 near an innocent life, as the iniquity of that 
 time would permit; and upon the return of 
 king Charles the second, he appeared under the 
 character of a man, who had preserved his loyalty 
 entire, and was esteemed accordingly by all that 
 party. 
 
 His friend Mr. Hyde, who was then become 
 lord high chancellor of England, renewed his 
 old kindness and friendship towards him, and was 
 desirous to gratify him all the ways he could, and 
 earnestly pressed him to put on his gown again, 
 and take upon him the office of a judge; but he 
 excused himself upon his long discontinuance 
 (having not worn his gown, and wholly discon-
 
 1 182 ] 
 
 tinued the profession from the year 1640, full 
 twenty years) and upon his age, and expressly 
 refused to receive any promotion; but continued 
 all the professions of respect and gratitude ima- 
 ginable to the chancellor, till it was in his power to 
 manifest the contrary, to his prejudice, which he 
 did with circumstances very uncommendable.* 
 Life I. 32. 
 
 SIR KENHELM DIGBY DIED MDCLXV. 
 
 HE was a person very eminent and notorious 
 throughout the whole course of his life, from his 
 cradle to his grave ; of an ancient family and noble 
 extraction, and inherited a fair and plentiful 
 fortune, notwithstanding the attainder of his 
 father. He was a man of a very extraordinary 
 person and presence, which drew the eyes of all 
 men upon him, which were more fixed by a won- 
 derful graceful behaviour, a flowing courtesy and 
 civility, and such a volubility of language, as sur- 
 
 * He was made chief justice of the common pleas, 1668. 
 his portrait is in Guildhall.
 
 prized and delighted ; and though in another man 
 it might have appeared to have somewhat of af- 
 fectation, it was marvellously graceful in him, and 
 seemed natural to his size, the mould of his person, 
 to the gravity of his motion and the tune of his 
 voice and delivery. He had a fair reputation in 
 arms, of which he gave an early testimony in his 
 youth, in some encounters in Spain, and Italy, and 
 afterwards in an action in the Mediterranean. In 
 a word, he had all the advantages that nature, and 
 art, and an excellent education could give him; 
 which, with a great confidence and presence of 
 mind, buoyed him up against all those prejudices 
 and disadvantages, which would have suppressed 
 and sunk any other man, but never clouded or 
 eclipsed him, from appearing in the best places, 
 and the best company, and with the best esti- 
 mation and satisfaction. Life I. 33. 
 
 THOMAS MAY DIED MDCL. 
 
 HE was the eldest son of his father, a knight, 
 and born to a fortune, if his father had not spent
 
 [ 1*4 ] 
 
 it; so that he had only an annuity left him, not 
 proportionable to a liberal education ; yet since 
 his fortune could not raise his mind, he brought 
 his mind down to his fortune, by a great modesty 
 and humility in his nature, which was not affected, 
 but very well became an imperfection in his 
 speech, which was a great mortification to him, 
 and kept him from entering into any discourse, 
 but in the company of his very friends. His parts 
 of nature and art were very good, as appears by 
 his translation of Lucan (none of the easiest work 
 of that kind) and more by his supplement to 
 Lucan, which being entirely his own, for the learn- 
 ing, the wit and the language, may be well looked 
 upon as one of the best epic poems in the English 
 language. Upon his majesty's refusal to give him a 
 small pension, he prostituted himself to the vile 
 office of celebrating the infamous acts of those who 
 were in rebellion against the king ; which he did so 
 meanly, that he seemed to all men to have lost 
 his wits when he left his honesty. Life I. 35,
 
 THOMAS CAREW DIED ABOUT MDCXXXIX. 
 
 HE was a younger brother of a good family, 
 and of excellent parts, and had spent many years 
 of his youth in France and Italy, and returning 
 from travel, followed the court ; which the mo- 
 desty of that time disposed men to do some time, 
 before they pretended to be of it; and he was 
 very much esteemed by the most eminent persons 
 in the court, and well looked upon by the king 
 himself. He was a person of a pleasant and fa- 
 cetious wit, and made many poems, (especially in 
 the amorous way) which for the sharpness of the 
 fancy, and the elegancy of the language, in which 
 that fancy was spread, were at least equal, if not 
 superior to any of that time: but his glory was, 
 that after fifty years of his life, spent with less 
 severity and exactness than it ought to have been, 
 he died with the greatest remorse for that licence, 
 and with the greatest manifestation of Christianity, 
 that his best friends could desire. Life* I. 36. 
 
 * Lord Clarendon was often heard to say, " that if he had 
 any thing good in him, in his humour, or in his manners, he 
 wed it to tho example, and the information he had received
 
 [ 186 ] 
 
 SIR FRANCIS WENMAN DIED ABOUT MDCXLII. 
 
 HE was of a noble extraction, and of an ancient 
 family in Oxfordshire, where he was possessed of a 
 competent estate; but his reputation of wisdom 
 and integrity gave him an interest and credit in 
 that country, much above his fortune; and no 
 man had more esteem in it, or power over it. He 
 was a neighbour to the Lord Falkland, and in so 
 entire friendship and confidence with him, that he 
 had great authority in the society of all his friends 
 and acquaintance. He was a man of great sharp- 
 ness of understanding, and of a piercing judg- 
 ment ; no man better understood the affections and 
 temper of the kingdom, or indeed the nature of 
 the nation, or discerned farther the consequence of 
 counsels, and with what success they were like to 
 be attended. He was a very good latin scholar, 
 but his ratiocination was above his learning ; and 
 the sharpness of his wit incomparable. He was 
 equal to the greatest trust and employment, if 
 
 in, and from that company, with most of whom he had an 
 entire friendship, " namely, Lord Falkland before-mention- 
 ed, and the following characters. Life I. 37.
 
 he had been ambitious of it, or solicitous for it j 
 but his want of health produced a kind of laziness 
 of mind, which disinclined him to business. He 
 died before the general troubles of the kingdom, 
 which he foresaw with wonderful concern, and 
 when many wise men were weary of living so long. 
 Life I. 45. 
 
 SIONEY GODOLPHIN SLAIN AT CHAGFORD, 
 
 MDCXLII. 
 
 HE was a younger brother of Sir F. Godolphin, 
 but by the provision left by his father, and by the 
 death of a younger brother, he was liberally sup- 
 plied for a very good education, and for a cheer- 
 ful subsistence, in any course of life he proposed 
 to himself. There was never so great a mind and 
 spirit contained in so little room ; so large an un- 
 derstanding, and so unrestrained a fancy, in so very" 
 small a body; so that the Lord Falkland used to 
 say merrily, that he thought it was a great ingre- 
 dient in his friendship for Mr. Godolphin, that
 
 [ '88 1 
 
 he was pleased to be found in his company, where he 
 was the properer man ; and it may be, the very re- 
 markablenessof his little person made the sharpness 
 of his wit, and the composed quickness of his judg- 
 ment and understanding, the more notable. He 
 had spent some years in France, and in the low 
 countries ; and accompanied the Earl of Leicester 
 in his ambassage into Denmark, before he resolved 
 to be quiet, and attend some promotion in the 
 court; where his excellent disposition and manners, 
 and extraordinary qualifications, made him very 
 acceptable. Though every body loved his com- 
 pany very well, yet he loved very much to be alone, 
 being in his constitution inclined somewhat to 
 melancholy, and to retirement amongst his books ; 
 and was so far from being active, that he was 
 contented to be reproached by his friends with 
 laziness ; and was of so nice and tender a com- 
 position, that a little rain or wind would disorder 
 him, and divert him from any short journey, he 
 had most willingly proposed to himself. Yet the 
 civil war no sooner began (the first approaches to- 
 wards which he discovered as soon as any man, by 
 the proceedings in parliament,, where he was a 
 member, and opposed with great indignation) than
 
 he put himself into the first troops which were 
 raised in the west for the king; and bore the unea- 
 siness and fatigue of winter marches with an ex- 
 emplary courage and alacrity ; until by too brave 
 a pursuit of the enemy, into an obscure village 
 in Devonshire, he was shot with a musket ; with 
 which (without saying any word more, than " O 
 God, I am hurt") he fell dead from his horse ; to 
 the excessive grief of his friends, who were all that 
 knew him ; and the irreparable damage of the pub- 
 lic. Life I. 46. 
 
 EDMUND WALLER DIED MDCLXXXVII. 
 
 HE was born to a very fair estate, by the parsi- 
 mony, or frugality, of a wise father and mother ; 
 and he thought it so commendable an advantage, 
 that he resolved to improve it with his utmost care, 
 upon which, in his nature, he was too much intent ; 
 and in order to that, he was so much reserved and 
 retired, that he was scarce ever heard of, till, by 
 his address and dexterity, he had gotten a very rich 
 wife in the city, against all the recommendation 
 and countenance of the court, which was thoroughly 
 N
 
 [ I 9 o] 
 
 engaged on the behalf of Mr. Crofts ; and which 
 used to be successful, in that age, against any 
 opposition. He had the good fortune to have an al- 
 liance and friendship with Dr. Morley, who had as- 
 sisted and instructed him in the reading many good 
 books, to which his natural parts and prompti- 
 tude inclined him; especially the poets. At the 
 age when other men used to give over writing 
 verses (for he was near thirty years of age, when 
 he first engaged himself in that exercise, at least, 
 that he was known to do so) he surprised the town 
 with two or three pieces of that kind j as if a tenth 
 muse had been newly born to cherish drooping 
 poetry. The Doctor, at that time, brought him 
 into that company which was most celebrated for 
 good conversation ; where he was received and es- 
 teemed with great applause and respect. He was 
 a very pleasant discourser in earnest and in jest, 
 and therefore very grateful to all kind of company, 
 where he was not the less esteemed for being very 
 rich. 
 
 He had been even nursed in parliaments, where 
 he sat when he was very young ; and so, when they 
 were resumed again (after a long intermission) he 
 appeared in those assemblies with great advantage;
 
 having a graceful way of speaking, and by think- 
 ing much upon several arguments (which his tem- 
 per and complexion, that had much of melancho- 
 lic, inclined him to) he seemed often to speak upon 
 the sudden, when the occasion had only administered 
 the opportunity of saying what he had thoroughly 
 considered, which gave a great lustre to all he said ; 
 which was yet rather of delight than weight. There 
 needs no more be said to extol the excellence and 
 power of his wit, and pleasantness of his conversa- 
 tion, than that it was of magnitude enough to co- 
 ver a world of very great faults; that is, so to cover 
 them, that they were not taken notice of to his re- 
 proach ; namely, a narrowness in his nature to the 
 lowest degree ; an abjectness and want of courage 
 to support him in any virtuous undertaking; an 
 insinuation, and servile flattery to the height the 
 vainest and most imperious nature could be con- 
 tented with : his company was acceptable where 
 his spirit was odious ; and he was at least pitied, 
 where he was most detested. Life I. 47. 
 
 N 2
 
 [ '9* ] 
 
 GILBERT SHELDON, ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY. 
 DIED MDCLXXVII. 
 
 HIS learning, gravity, and prudence, had raised 
 him to such a reputation, when he was domes- 
 tic chaplain to the Lord Keeper Coventry, (who 
 exceedingly esteemed him, and used his service not 
 only in all matters relating to the church, but in 
 many other businesses of importance, in which that 
 great and good Lord was nearly concerned) and 
 when he was afterwards warden of All-Souls col- 
 lege in Oxford, that he was looked upon as very 
 equal to any preferment the church could yield. 
 And Sir Francis Wenman would often say, when 
 the doctor resorted to the conversation at Lord 
 Falkland's house as he frequently did, that " Dr. 
 Sheldon was born and bred to be archbishop of 
 Canterbury." Life I. p. 49. 
 
 GEORGE MORLEY, BISHOP OF WINCHESTER 
 DIED MDCLXXXIV. 
 
 HE was a gentleman of very eminent parts in 
 all polite learning; of great wit and readiness, and
 
 [ '93 3 
 
 subtilty in disputation ; and of remarkable temper 
 and prudence in conversation, which rendered him 
 most grateful in all the best company. He was then 
 chaplain in the house, and to the family of Lord 
 Carnarvon, which then needed a wise and a wary 
 director. From some academic contests he had 
 been engaged in, during his living in Christ 
 Church in Oxford, where he was always of the 
 first eminency, he had by the natural faction and 
 animosity of those disputes fallen under the re- 
 proach of holding some opinions, which were not 
 then grateful to those churchmen, who had the 
 greatest power in ecclesiastical promotions ; and 
 some sharp answers and replies he used to make in 
 accidental discourses, and which in truth, were, 
 made for mirth and pleasantness sake (as he was 
 of the highest facetiousness), were reported and 
 spread abroad, to his prejudice : as being once 
 asked by a grave country gentleman (who was de- 
 sirous to be instructed what their tenets and opini- 
 ons were) " what the Arminians held ?" He plea- 
 santly answered, '* that they held all the best bi- 
 shopricks and deaneries in England," which was 
 quickly reported abroad, as Dr. Morley's definition 
 of the arminian tenets. He was a person above all
 
 [ 194] 
 
 possible reproach, and was known and valued by 
 more persons of honour than most of the clergy 
 were, being not only without the envy of any pre- 
 ferment; but under the advantage of a discounte- 
 nanced person. Life I. 49. 
 
 JOHN EARL, D. D. BISHOP OF SALISBURY DIED 
 
 MDCLXIII. 
 
 HE was a person very notable for his elegance 
 in the Greek and Latin tongues, and having been 
 fellow of Merton college in Oxford, and having been 
 proctor of the university, and some very witty and 
 sharp discourses being published in print without 
 his consent, though known to be his, he grew sud- 
 denly into a very general esteem with all men ; 
 being a man of great piety and devotion; a most 
 eloquent and powerful preacher ; and of a con- 
 versation so pleasant and delightful, so very 
 innocent, and so very facetious, that no man's 
 company was more desired and more loved. No 
 man was more negligent in his dress, and habit 
 and mien ; no man more wary and cultivated in 
 his behaviour and discourse ; insomuch as he had
 
 [ 195 J 
 
 the greater advantage when he was known, by 
 promising so little before he was known. He was 
 an excellent poet both in Latin, Greek and En- 
 glish, as appears by many pieces yet abroad ; though 
 he suppressed many more himself, especially En- 
 glish, incomparably good, out of an austerity to 
 those sallies of his youth. He was very dear to 
 the lord Falkland, with whom he spent as much 
 time, as he could make his own ; and as that lord 
 would impute the speedy progress he made in the 
 Greek tongue to the information and assistance he 
 had from Mr. Earl, so Mr. Earl would frequent- 
 ly profess, that he had got more useful learning 
 by his conversation at Tew (the lord Falkland's 
 house) than he had at Oxford. He was a- 
 mongst the few excellent men who never had, nor 
 ever could have an enemy ; but such an one who 
 was an enemy to all learning and virtue, and there- 
 fore would never make himself known. Life I* 
 1*3
 
 [ i 9 6 ] 
 
 JOHN HALES, OF ETON. DIED MDCLVI. 
 
 HE had been Greek professor in the university 
 of Oxford; and had borne the greatest part of the 
 labour of that excellent edition of St. Chrysostom's 
 works, set out by sir Harry Saville ; who was then 
 warden of Merton college, when the other was 
 fellow of that house. He was chaplain in the 
 house with sir Dudley Carleton, ambassadour at 
 the Hague, at the time when the synod of Dort 
 was held, and so had liberty to be present at the 
 consultations in that assembly; and hath left 
 the best memorial behind him of the ignorance, 
 passion, animosity, and injustice of that con- 
 vention; of which he often made very pleasant 
 relations ; though at that time it received too 
 much countenance from England. He would ne- 
 ver take any cure of souls; and was so great a 
 contemner of money, that he was wont to say, that 
 his fellowship, and the bursar's place (which for 
 the good of the college he held many years) was 
 worth fifty pounds a year more than he could 
 spend ; and yet, beside his being very charitable 
 to all poor people, even to liberality; he had made
 
 [ 197 ] 
 
 a greater and better collection of books than were 
 to be found in any other private library that I 
 have seen. He had read more, and carried more 
 about him, in his excellent memory, than any man 
 I ever knew, my lord Falkland only excepted. 
 He would often say, that he would renounce the 
 church of England to-morrow, if it obliged him to 
 believe that any other Christians should be damned; 
 and that nobody would conclude another man to 
 be damned who did not wish him so. No man 
 more strict and severe to himself, to other men 
 so charitable as to their opinions, that he thought 
 other men were more in fault for their carriage 
 towards them, than the men themselves wer who 
 erred ; and he thought that pride and passion, 
 more than conscience, were the cause of all sepa- 
 ration from each others communion ; and he fre- 
 quently said that that only kept the world from 
 agreeing upon such a liturgy, as might bring 
 them into one communion, all doctrinal points 
 upon which men differed in their opinions, being 
 to have no place in any liturgy. He was one of 
 the least men in the kingdom, and one of the 
 greatest scholars in Europe.* Life I. 53. 
 * He was called the ever-memorable Hales.
 
 C 198] 
 
 WILLIAM CHILLINGWORTH DIED MDCXLIV. 
 
 HE was of a stature little superior to Mr. Hales 
 (and it was an age in which there were many 
 great and wonderful men of that size) and a man 
 of so great a subtilty of understanding, and so rare 
 a temper in debate, that as it was impossible to 
 provoke him into any passion, so it was very diffi- 
 cult to keep a man's self from being a little dis- 
 composed by his sharpness and quickness of argu- 
 ment. 
 
 He had with his notable perfection in disputa- 
 tion, contracted such an irresolution and habit of 
 doubting, as made him reconcile himself too soon 
 to the church of Rome, and having made a jour- 
 ney to St. Omers, purely to perfect his conversion, 
 he found as little satisfaction there, and returned 
 with as much haste from them, with a belief that 
 an ' entire exemption from error was neither in- 
 herent in, nor necessary to any church :" which 
 occasioned that war which was carried on by the 
 Jesuits with so great asperity and reproaches against 
 him, and in which he defended himself by such an 
 admirable eloquence of language, and clear and
 
 [ '99 J 
 
 incomparable power of reason, that he not only 
 made them appear unequal adversaries, but car- 
 ried the war into their own quarters ; and made 
 the Pope's infallibility to be as much shaken, and 
 declined by their own doctors, and to be at least 
 as much doubted, as in the schools of the reformed 
 or protestant church. Neither the books of the 
 adversary, nor any of their persons, though he was 
 acquainted with the best of both, had ever made 
 great impression upon him; all his doubts grew 
 out of himself, when he assisted his scruples with 
 all the strength of his own reason ; so that he was 
 in truth in all his sallies and retreats his own con- 
 vert. 
 
 He was a man of excellent parts, and of a cheer- 
 ful disposition, void of all kind of vice, and en- 
 dued with many notable virtues; of a very public 
 heart, and an indefatigable desire to do good ; his 
 only unhappiness proceeded from his sleeping too 
 little, and thinking too much, which sometimes 
 threw him into violent fevers.* Life I. 55. 
 
 * He was taken prisoner by Sir W. Waller at Arundcl 
 Castle, where he died from the barbarous usage he met with, 
 to the grief of all who knew him, or his famous work, the 
 Religion of Protestants a safe way to salvation.
 
 [ 200] 
 
 EDWARD HYDE, CR. EARL OF CLARENDON. 
 DIED MDCLXXIV. 
 
 HE was of a very cheerful and open nature, with- 
 out any dissimulation, and delivered his opinion of 
 things or persons, where it was convenient, with- 
 out reserve or disguise ; and was at least tenacious 
 enough of his opinion, and never departed from it 
 out of compliance with any man. Though he was 
 of a complexion and humour very far from despair; 
 yet he did believe the king would be oppressed by 
 the party which then (1642) governed; and that 
 they who followed and served him would be de- 
 stroyed ; so that it was not ambition of power, or 
 wealth, that engaged him to embark in so very 
 hazardous an employment ; but abstractedly the 
 Consideration of his duty ; and he often used to ap- 
 ply those words of Cicero to himself, mea (Bias in- 
 cidit in id helium, cujus alter a pars sceleris nimi- 
 um babnit, alterafdicitatis parum.* Life I. 96. 
 
 * It appears from the memoirs of his own life (to which 
 the reader must be referred) that he had all the virtue of a 
 Cato; and it is no less evident that he had something of his 
 roughness and severity. Granger, IV. 64.
 
 [ 201 ] 
 
 EflTAPH IN WESTMINSTER ABBEY. 
 
 Edward Earl of Clarendon, Lord Chancellor 
 of England, the most excellent historian of the 
 late times, who for his firm religion, unshaken 
 loyalty, sincere love of his country, unbiassed 
 integrity, and universal humanity and munificence, 
 was (after serving the martyred father in his afflic- 
 tion, conducting the exiled son and restoring him, 
 preserving his country's privileges after the resto- 
 ration, and mitigating the just displeasure of the 
 king against the rebels) by that very prince he 
 had served, that country he had preserved, and 
 those factions he had with lenity endeavoured to 
 moderate, rewarded with banishment in his old 
 age. He died of the gout at Rouen in Norman- 
 dy." Dart's History of Westminster Abbey, II. 
 61. (There are no traces of this inscription left ; 
 it is said to have been in the area near the chapel 
 of St. Andrew.} 
 
 THE END.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 The names of persons incidentally mentioned are in 
 italics. 
 
 ABBOT, Ab P . 47 
 
 Albemarle, D. of, 161. 170 
 Arundel, E. of, 30 
 
 Chillingworth, W. 198 
 Charles I. 16. 144. 166 
 Charles 11. 83. 102. 147. 149. 
 
 Arundels 136 
 
 172 
 Chandos, Lord, 132 
 
 Argyle, M. of, 165. 143 
 
 Clarendon, E. of, 200. 46. 
 
 Arlington, E. of 169 
 Astley, Lord, 131 
 
 102. 123. 173. 181. 185 
 Cloltvorthv, Sir J. 167 
 
 Archer, 1 T ttfl fp- w 1 04. 
 
 CoKley, Mr. 177. 
 
 Atkyns, ( 
 
 Cotton, Ch. 179 
 
 Aubigney, Lord, 97 
 Bastwickf J. 79 
 Bedford, E. of, 62. 64 
 
 Coventry, Ld. 23. 29. 54. 
 57. 82. 192 
 Coke, Sir J. 41. 42 
 
 Blake, Adm. 153. 164. 172 
 Boswell, J. 85 
 Bristol, G. E. of, 90. 128 
 
 Cottington, Lord 55, 51 
 Conway, Lord, 60 
 Copley, Mr. 61 
 
 Bristol, J. E. of, 105 
 
 Com. Gen. 167 
 
 Brentford, E. of, 127 
 
 Colepepper, Lord, 89. 128 
 Crew, Lord, 163 
 
 Brown, f ^"' *^ 
 
 Crofts, Mr. 190 
 
 Browne, Sir R. 167 
 
 Cromwell, O. 157. 67. 118. 
 
 Brooke, Lord, 98. 99 
 Buckingham, D. of, 20. 17. 
 
 149. 150. 152. 153. 156. 
 162. 163. 164. 171 
 
 43- 77' 9 1 - 11 3 
 Buckhurst, Lord, 37 
 
 Derby, E. of, 147. 146 
 Digby, Sir K. 182 
 
 Burton, H. 80 
 
 Digby, Lord, 90. 106. 128 
 
 Byron, Lord, 87 
 
 Dorchester, Vise. 42. 196 
 
 Capel, Lord, 141 
 
 Dorset, E. of, 37 
 
 Cavendish, Sir C. 109 
 
 Downing, Sir G. 171 
 
 Casar, Sir J. 28 
 
 Earl, Bp. 194 
 
 Carlisle, E'. of, 38 
 
 Eliz. Queen. 43 
 
 Clare, E.of, 77 
 
 Essex, E. of, 68. 114. 141. 
 
 Carnarvon, E. of, 124. 193 
 
 Fanshawe, Sir R. 172 
 
 Carew, Tho. 185 
 
 Fairfax, Gen. 140. 148. 165
 
 INDEX. 
 
 falconiridge, Lord, 156 
 
 Littleton, Lord, 81 
 
 Falkland, E. of, 84. 186. 187. 
 
 Lilburn, J. 151 
 
 192. 195. 197 
 
 Lisle, Sir G. 139 
 
 Fiennes, N. 75 
 
 Lucas, Sir C. 139 
 
 Finch, Lord, 45. 82 
 
 Manchester, H. E. of, 28 
 
 Gage, Sir H. 135 
 
 Manchester, E. Earl of 65. 
 
 Glanville, Serj. 58 
 
 114 
 
 Godolphin, S. 187 
 
 Mandeville, Vise. 28 
 
 Goring, Lord, 128 
 Grandison, Vise. 122 
 
 Massey, Major Gen. 167 
 Ma.ynard, Serj. 159 
 
 Grenville, Sir B. 121 
 
 May, Tho. 183 
 
 Hale, Judge, 134 
 Hales J. 196. 198 
 
 Morley, Bp. 192. 190 
 Morrice, Sir W. 170 
 
 Hamilton, J. D. of, 57. 51. 
 
 Morrison, Sir C. 141 
 
 Hamilton, W. D. of, 137 
 Hampden, J. 72. 74. 76. 86 
 
 Morton, Sir W. 133 
 Montrose, M. of, 143 
 
 Herbert, Sir Edw. 83 
 
 Newcastle, D. of, 107. 145 
 
 Hertford, M. of, 94. 1 10. 1 53. 
 
 155 
 
 Neyl, Dr. 80 
 Nicholas, Sir Edw. 112 
 
 Harrison, Sir J. 1 74 
 
 Northampton, E. of, 99 
 
 Hewitt, Dr. 156. 
 
 Northumberland, E. of, ii4< 
 
 Holland, E of, 40. 114 
 
 III 
 
 Holies, Lord, 77 
 
 Norwich, E.of, 128 
 
 Hopton, Lord 131 
 
 Noy, W. 44. 46 
 
 Hume, 61. 90 
 Hyde, Sir N. 174 
 
 Ormond, M. of, 1 46. 
 Pembroke, W. E. of, 33. 
 
 Hvde, H. 175 
 
 Pembroke, P. E. of, 35, 
 
 Hyde, Edw. 46 
 
 j j - 
 
 James, King, 38. 40. 43. 80. 
 
 Pennyman, Sir W. 134 
 
 92. 94. 101. 105. 115 
 
 Penny-man, Sir J. 135 
 
 Johnson, Dr. 85. 
 
 Portland, E.of, 25.50 
 
 Jersey, E.of, 123 
 
 Prynne, W. 78 
 
 Jonson, Ben, 177 
 Jreton, Hen. 148. 140 
 
 Pym, J. 70. 62 
 Raynsford, Judge, 134 
 
 Kelyng, Judge, j 34 
 
 Richmond, D. of, 101. g- 
 
 Killegrew, SirH. 136 
 
 Radnor, E. of, 168 
 
 Kimbolton, Z. 66 
 
 Rochester, E. of, 128 
 
 Laud, Archbp. 49. 48 
 
 Rupert P. 128. 96.153. 155 
 
 Lauderdale, D. of, 138 
 
 Salisbury, E. of, 115 
 
 Lawson, Sir J. 171 
 
 Sandwich, E. of, 163. 174 
 
 Leicester, E. of, 104. 188 
 
 Say and Sele, Lord, 63. 114 
 
 Lenox, D. of, 27 
 
 Savillc,Sir H. 196 
 
 Lenthall, Wm. 61 
 
 Selden, J. 178. 82. 180 
 
 Lind*ey, E. of. 05 
 
 Seymour, Lord. 110
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Scrape, Sir Ger. \ - 
 --SirAdr. J9 6 
 
 Tullibardine, E. of,zS . 
 Turner, Sir Edm. 174. 
 
 St. John, Oliv. 74 
 Shelden, Archbp. 192 
 Slanning, Sir N. 121 
 Slanninps, 136 
 
 Vane, Sir Hen. sen. 119. 52. 
 
 Vane, Sir H.jun. 76 
 fere, Lord, 60 
 
 Slingsby, Sir H. 155 
 Smith, Sir J. 125 
 
 Vaughan, Sir J. 180 
 Villiers, Edw. 123 
 
 Stuart, Lord J. 125.97 
 
 Waller, Edm. 189 
 
 Stuart, Lord B. 97 
 
 Waller Sir W. 133. 167. 
 
 Stafford, E. of, 52. 50. 78. 
 95- 103. 105. in. 120 
 Somerset, E. of, 33 
 Southampton, E. of, 102 
 Sussex, E. of, in 
 
 199 
 Warwick, E. of, 117. 40 
 Warwick, Sir P. 158. 
 Wenman, Sir F. 186. 192 
 Williams, Archbp. 92 
 
 Tiddesley, Sir T. 146 
 Topham, J. 60 
 Terrington, E. of, 83 
 Trelawnies,^ g 
 Trevanions, J " 
 Twisden, ~\ 
 
 Windebank, Sec. 113 
 Wilmot, Vise. 128 
 Windham, Judge, 134 
 Widdrington, Lord, 144. 
 Wildman, J. 150 
 Zaitc'i. Lord, nz 
 
 Tyrrell, }> Judges, 134 
 Tumor, J 
 
 
 From the Press of 
 W. BULMER 3 CO. 
 
 Just published, by R. Faulder, in one volume 4to. A Ca- 
 talogue of engraved British Portraits from Egbert the great 
 to the present time } with biographical notices. By Henry 
 Bromley.
 
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