'//////////'
HE COMPOSITI®:
THE LIBRARY
OF
THE UNIVERSITY
OF CALIFORNIA
LOS ANGELES
VAM'
,l>-
THK COMPOSITION
OF
THE HOOK OF GENESIS
©jcforo
HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
THE COMPOSITION
OF THK
BOOK OF GENESIS
WITH ENGLISH TEXT AND AA ILYSIS
EDGAR INNES FRIPP
01 mi
Bond on
DAVID m ii 70 I R \
189
-}-
TO
THE REV. J. ESTLIN CARPENTER, M A
PROFK.SSOK iv MANCHESTER MEW COLLEGE, OXFi
I DEDK A I I-
\l-ll ( riONATEU
THESE MY FIRS! l Rl I I - "I HIS i EA( HIM.
1 1 04790
PREFACE
THE aim of this book is constructive. And its
errors will be mainly on that side.
It is the result of the scant}- leisure of several
years of busy ministerial work, and therefore perhaps
rves the mercy of the critics.
Part of the original matter in these pages has
already appeared in recent articles in Dr. Bernhard
Stade's Zeitsc/irift fiir Alt-Testamentliche Wissen-
schaft.
I desire a my indebtedness to the llil>-
berl \\ ior generous assistance in the publi-
cation "t the book, and to the Rev. Canon Cheyni
I ).\ )., for kind suggestions.
I'.l 1 1 \ I , .1.
CONTENTS
PACE
Introduction : constituent elements ok the Hook of
Genesis i
The Trophetic History Book' 23
The 'Priestly History Book' 151
Unattached 'Priestly' Stories 183
Appendix: Chaldean Flood Story 189
Index 195
\
\5HMA^
ISRAEL AND ARABIA: Gen.xvi
THE SONS OF ISRAEL: Gen. xhx. 2 17. 19 24*27.
INTRODUCTION.
i.
To convey a clear idea of the Composition of the Book of
Genesis (r«W<m : the name given by the Greek translators to
the first of the sections into which they divided the Old
Testament), it will be desirable to enumerate briefly the
difft-n.-nt constituent elements of the great historico-legislative
work of which it forms the openil
i. In the reign of Jeroboam II (c. 786-746 B.C.), or
probably a Little earlier, at the end of the 9th, or jusl al
th>- b ginning of the- 8th century, there existed a recently
compiled history-honk, whit h, on a< < ount of its very frequenl
though not exclusive use, from the outset, of the divine
Dame Iahveh, may be called Thelahvistit History B or, for
short, I (or |). This was a historj of Israel from earliesi
riod of the wars with Hazael,- a collection
of legends, traditions, songs, annals, laws, etc., of various
date and authorship, woven into a ingle interesting and
Im autiful narrative, probably bj 1 member oi one of the North
lite prophetii schools. This book, containing many of the
oldest writings in the Bible, can l><- now distinctly traced,
with a lm|> hi re and there, in Gei I Nun
Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kin
u
INTRODUCTION.
2. About a quarter of a century or more later, there
existed another history-book, so similar in form and contents
to the above, — though different in many particulars, — as to
suggest its being a version of it from a different point of
view, which on account of its exclusive use of the divine
name Elohim (or occasionally El) in that portion which deals
with the period before Moses, may be called The Elohistic
History Book, or, for short, E. As this attention to the use
of the divine name, and other signs, indicate, this book was
more theological than its older parallel, and was written by a
North Israelite of a later and stricter school. It can be traced
side by side with the other, and closely interwoven with it, in
Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and
Kings.
3. Rather more than a century later (650-630 b.c), these
two parallel histories were amalgamated, with many editorial
omissions, additions, and modifications, into one somewhat
clumsy narrative by a Judean of the early Deuteronomic
school, which on account of its original authors both being of
the schools of the Prophets, may be called The Prophetic
History Book, or, for short, IE (or JE).
4. Shortly afterwards, in the year 621 B.C., there was
published in Jerusalem by the leaders of the Deuteronomic
school, the early contemporaries of Jeremiah, a new version
of the legislative portion (the Law of Moses, comprising the
Decalogue and Book of the Covenant, Ex. xx-xxiv. 8) of
the Prophetic History Book, in an enlarged independent form
(Dt. v-xxvi. xxviii. xxxi. 9-13), which maybe called Deu-
teronomy, or, for short, D.
5. Then came the exile, and the literary activity of the
time was transferred from Jerusalem to Babylonia. There,
INTRODUCTION.
about 550 b.c, the Prophetic H;story Beck was edited and
considerably extended and modified from the Deuteronomic
point of view, and the new version of the Law of Moses (D),
itself already enlarged (D 1 D 2 ), was woven into it. This
Deuteronomic Edition may be called for short IED (or
JED).
6. Also in Babylonia, toward the end of the exile, 550-536
b.c, was published independently, by the school of Ezeki.l.
another and stricter and more ceremonial version than I) of
the Covenant Book in IE, known as the Book of Holiness
(Lev. xii-xxvi), or, for short, P ' — the beginning of the Priestly
as distinguished from the Prophetic and Deuteronomic
legislations.
7. This was followed by a re-writing, again in Babylonia,
and by a late follower ofEzekiel, about 500-475 B.C., of the
Deuteronomic Edition of the Prophetic History Book (IED),
from a priestly and levitical point of view, whi< h there-
fore may be called '/'//, Priestly History Hook, or, for short. 1'
an intensely theological work, and conspicuous among other
thing- for its adoption of E'S( < lusive use of the divine nam.
Elohim (or occasionally /:'/) in dealing with the prae-Mosak
period. This large work, whi< h 1 an easily be detai hed from
context, is preserved almost entire in Genesis, Exodus,
Numbers, 1 1 uteronomy, and foshua.
x. Then, either before Ezra and Nehemiah lefl Babylonia,
or in the interval between their arrival in [erusalem
and introdui tion of theii new legislation, 1 1 1 b. c, th 1 tly
History Book had been enlarged, nol onlj bj man) minoi
additions (P 1. Ian probably also by the amalgamation with
it of the Book Of Holiness.
9. Finally, toward the end oi the 5th century b.c, tins
ji 2
INTRODUCTION.
enlarged form of the Priestly History Book, still further ex-
panded (P 4 , etc.), was itself woven into the Deuteronomic
Edition of the Prophetic History Book by a redactor who
may also have added a number of independent priestly stories,
possibly from his own, probably from some other and recent
pen (R).
This huge Redaction, which may be called for short
IEDPR, comprising material of such various date and author-
ship, is, except for some smaller and mostly textual changes,
our present Hexateuch (17 iJjuTevxos sc. ftifiXos, the first six
books of the Bible), with its continuation in Judges, Samuel,
and Kings.
II.
The Book of Genesis, the opening section of this great
work, comprises (1) the beginning of the Priestly History
Book (P 2 ); (2) the beginning of the Prophetic History Book
(IEU, or rather IE, because the hand of the Deuteronomic
Editor, see I. 5, does not appear in Genesis) ; and (3)
editorial, and some independent matter, which must be
ascribed to the redactor of these two histories, or to a
follower.
1. To 77/,' Priestly History Book (P 2 ) belong Gen. ii. 4*
i-ii. 3. v. (om. 29). vi. 9-22. vii. 6. 11. 13—16*. 17" (om
' forty days '). 18-21. 23 b . 24. viii. 1. 2 a . 3 ''-5. 13 a . 14-19
ix. 1 — 1 7. 28. 29. x. 1 a . 2-7. 20. 22. 31. 32. xi. 10-27. 28 b
31. 32. xii. 4 •'. 5. xiii. 6. 1 1 l) . i2 a . xix. 29. xvi. 1. 3
15— xvii. xxi. 1 ''. 2 b-5. xxiii. xxv. 7-1 i a . 12-17. *9- 2 °
26 K xxvi. 34. 35. xxviii. 1-9. xxxv. 22 l, -26. xxxi. i8 b
xxxiii. i8 h . xxxiv. 1. 2 a . 4. 6. 8-10. 13-18. 2o-25 ac
27^-29. xxxv. 6". 9-13 a . 15. 27-29. xxxvi. 1. 2 a . 5 b -8
INTRODUCTION.
xxxvii. i.2 a . xli. 46 !1 . xlvi. 6. 7. xlvii. 5 ll . 6 ;1 (lxx)-i i. 27 b .
28. xlviii. 3-6. xlix. 1 a . 28 b ~33 ac . I. 12. 13. 22 b .
2. To the Prophetic History Book (IE) belong respectively
(a) to the Iahvistic History Book (I) ii. 4 b -c). 15-iii. 19.
21-24. iv. 1. iii. 20. iv. 2-24. xi. 1-9. iv. 25. 26 s . v. 29.
iv. 2<) •'. vi. 1-3. 5-7 ac . 8. vii. 1. 2. 3 ''-5. 7 i,c . 8 a . 16 h . 10.
[2.17 b . 22. 23 :,c . viii. 6 a . 2 b . 3 a . 6 b . 7-12. 13 b . 20-22.
IX. i8 !lC . 19-27. x. 1 b . 15-19. 8-14. 21. 25-30. xi. 28 a .
29. 30. xii. 1-4". 6-8. xiii. 2. 5. 7 a . 8-1 1 a . i2 b . 13. 18.
xvi. 2. 4-7. 11-14. xxv. 18. xviii. 1-13. I4 b -i6. 20-22°.
33*. xix. 1-13". 14-27 a . 28. 30-38. xxi. 1 ;| . 2 a . 7. xxiv.
1-22 a . 23 a . 24. 23 b . 25. 22 b . 26-29 "• 3 oil - 2 9 ''• 3° ''-67.
xxv. ix*. xxvi. 1 ac . 6-14. 16. 17. 19-33. xxi. 33. xxv.
2i-25 ;,( ". 26 : '. 27. 2S. xxvii. r a . 2-8 a . 9 b . 10. 14 b . 15. 17.
18 a . 19*. 20. 25-30 ■<■. 31.33- 34- 37-43 ac « 44 a - 45- xxviii.
10. 1 1 '. 13. 14. 17". 16*. 1 7 l *. I9 B . xxix. 1-23.25-28.
30-35. xxx. 1. 2 : "•. 3. 4 b . 5. 6 : '«. 7. 8 a . 9-13 a . i3 t- -i6.
17''. 1S 1 '. [9. 20 ac . 22 c . 23 . • 1 ''•'. 25. 27. 29-40 '•"■'. 41-43.
x.\ xi. 1. 3. 17. l8 ft . 21 b . 23*. -'7. .; r. 46*. 48*. 50". 49*. 46 b .
48*. xxxii. 3— 11. 1 3 '' ji !i . 13*. 22-28. 29*. 31. xx xiii. 1-1 8 ac .
19. sxxiv. 3. 2 b . 5. 7. 11. 12. 19. 25 ''. .'(>. 30. 31. xxxv. 5. 6 ''.
B. [6—19*. xxxvii. 3.4. 2 b . 12. 1.; 1 . 1 1 ''. 18*. jo 1 '. 23. 21*.
25-27. 28 b . 31. 32*. 33. 35 ''"''. xxxix. 1 "«'. 2-4 1 '. 5-19.
20"''. 21-23. *li. .» I ■ 3 I '■ I 1 - 44- I 3 ''• 1° ''■ 47- 49- 5'' '
xlvii. 1 1 1. 23-25. xli. 54 b . 37. xiii. 1 ". 2. 4 ''. 5 ". 6 bc .
js. 7 ' . 26 28*. xliii. 1-7. xiii. 3K. xliii. 8— 13. 15 j;'. 24-34.
xliv. xlv. 1. 4, 12. 1 |. 15. 22. ii). 10. 21 ''. 2 1 ■'. 26, 27 '
xlvi. 1 ,|. xlvii. i-5 ; '. (t h (i.xx). 27". xlviii. 1. :
10". X. (>. io 1 ' i.'. 15*. 20 1 '. xlix. 1 ''. 2 17. [9—24*. .'7-
xlvii. 29—31. xlix. 33 *, 1. 1 - 1 1 . 1 4. is. 1 7 l'. 2 1 . 22 •'.
(/■) to /A Elohistii History Book (E) xx. 1-17. xxi.
INTRODUCTION.
22-3,1 a . xxi. 6. 8-21. xxii. 1-13. 19. xxv. 25 b . 29-34.
xxvii. 1 h . 8 b . 9 a . II-I4 a . 16. 18 b. 19 a . 21. 22 a . 24. 22 b .
2 3- 3° b - 3 2 - 35- 36- 43 b - 44 b - xxviii. 1 1 b, 12. 16 a . 17°.
18. 20-22. xxx. 2 b . 6 b. 8 b. 13 b. 17 a, jga. 20 b. 22 b . 23 b
26. 28.40b. xxxi. 2. 4-9. n. 13-16. 19. 20 11 . 2I ac . 22.
23 a . 25 «b. 24. 25 a . 26. 28-30. 32-45. 51-54. 47 b. 55.
xxxii. 1. 2. 21 b. 29 a . 30. xxxiii. 20. xxxv. 1-4. 7. xxxvii.
5 a . 6-8 a . 9. io''. 11. 13 b . 14 a. 17 b, x 8 a. j 9- 20 " c . 21 a .
12. 24. 28 ac . 29. 30. 32 a . 34. 36. xxxix. 4''. xl. 2. 3 ". 4.
5 a . 6-15 a . 16-23. xli. 1-27. 29. 30. 28. 32-34°. 35-40.
42. 43 a - 45- 48- 50-54 a - 55- 56 b'. xlii. 1 b g b. 3. 4 a. ? a.
9". 7 1 '. 9 ''-25. 29-35. 28 b. 36. 37. xlv. 2. 3. 5-9. 11. 13.
16-18. 20. 2 1 c . 24''. 25. 27 a . xlvi. 2-4. xlviii. 20 a . 15 ''.
16. 21. 22. I. 15-17 a . 19. 20. 24-26; and
(c) to the Compiler of IE (see I. 3), or perhaps in some
cases, to an editor of I before its amalgamation with E,
ii. 10-14. v >- 4- x 'i- 9— xiii. 1. 3. 4. 7 lj . 14-17. xv (in
part), xvi. 8-10. xviii. 14°. 17-19. 23-33**. xix. 13b. 27b.
xx. 18. xxi. 31 b, 32. 34. xxii. 14-18. 20-24. xxv. 1-6.
xxvi. 1 b 2-5. 15. 18. xxviii. 13 b . 14. 15. xxxi. 10. 12.
20 b . 47 a . 49 a . 50 b. xxxii. 12. 32. xxxvii. 5 b. 8 b . 10 a .
I 5 -I 7 a - xxx i- x - r ''• 20 ''. xl. 1. 3 b. 5I1, 15b. xliii. 23b,
xlvi. 1 b g, xlviii. 13. 14. 17-19. xlix. 18. 24 b -26, and
other glosses which will be noted in the analysis.
3. And to the Redactor who wove P 2 (P 3 P 4 ) into IE(D),
belong vii. 3 a . 7 •'. 8 ''. 9. ix. 18 b . x. 24. xv (in part).
xxxvii. 46. xxviii. 19 b. xxix. 24. 29. xxx. 4 a . 21. 22 a .
xxxiv. 27 ac . xxxv. 13b. 14. 19^-22 !1 . xxxvi. 2 b-5 a # 9-43.
xlii. 6 a . xliii. 14. xlv. 21 a . 23. xlvi. 8-27. xlvii. 22. 26.
xlviii. 7. xlix. 28 a ; the unattached stories xiv and xxxviii ;
and numerous glosses that will be noted in the analysis.
INTRODUCTION.
III.
There is sufficient of the Priestly and Prophetic Histories
in the book of Genesis to enable us fairly to determine their
character and date.
Firstly, there is a literary dependence between them. The
same thread runs through both narratives : The Creation of
the world and of man ; a list of antediluvians ; the Flood ;
a list of Noachides; the patriarchal story — Abram (Abraham)
and Lot ; Sarai (Sarah) and Isaac ; Hagar and Ishmael ;
Rebekah and Laban ; Jacob (Israel) and Esau ; Rachel,
Leah, and the handmaids ; the twelve sons of Israel ; and
Joseph. The resemblance extends to particular expressions ;
Flood (mabbul) ; Ark (tebah) ; ' Righteous in his generation,'
vii. i (I), and 'righteous in his generations,' vi. 9 (P 2 ); 'At
the same time 1 will come to thee again next year, and then
Sarah shall have a son,' xviii. 14 (I), and 'the son whom
rah shall luarat this set time next year,' xvii. 2 1 (P 8 ) J 'In
whose nostrils i^ tin- breath of life,' vii. 22 (I), and 'all flesh
wherein is the breath of life,' vi. 17 (P 8 ).
01 idly, lli' dependence ii of ifu Priestly History upon the
Prophi tii , inul //"t vii 1 -vi rsa.
The proper name Adam, v. 1 ff (P 9 ), is a development of
• I la-ad. mi' in ii. 4 •'— iv (I); (*f. \purr6s and 6 xt >l,JT ''">'- The
corrupt earth, vi. m (P 9 ), after the perfect work in idi. 4"
(1"), and tin- blameless pedigree, v. om. 29 (P 9 ), implies
a knowledge ol [ahveh's displeasure, and the grounds of it, in
ii. 4 l '-iv. vi. 1-6. xi. 1-9 (I). The ten-membered list in v.
om. 20 (I 1 in id- up ol the jeven-membered li^i in iv.
1 <p 14 (I) and a e< ond list of whi< h iv. 25 1. v. 29 (I) are
fiagments. CI. v. 31 ('all the days of Lamech wire 777
INTRODUCTION.
years') with iv. 23 (Lemech, the seventh on the list, shall
avenge himself seventy-seven fold). And in xix. 29 (P 2 ) the
Prophetic account of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah
is expressly assumed.
Moreover, the Priestly stories of the Creation and Flood
are not only obviously further removed from the age of myth
and marvel than the Iahvistic, but look as if they were written
to supersede them. In Gen. ii. 4 b -iv. x. 1-9 (I) man is
bewildered by the mystery of things (the lower animals, sex,
marriage, childbirth, toil in the fields and danger from the
snake, knowledge, art, progress, great cities) which are taken
as a matter of course in i-ii. 4 a (P 2 ) (' male and female
created he them,' i. 27 ; 'have dominion over the fish of the
sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing
that creepeth on the earth, i. 28). In the former, child-
bearing, labour, knowledge, civilisation are a curse ; whereas
in the latter they are a blessing (' Elohim blessed man and
said, Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth and
subdue it,' i. 28). In the former it is robbery for man to
strive to be like God (iii. 5. 22-24. x '- 6-9), whereas in the
latter it is his natural duty and privilege (' And Elohim created
man in his own image, in the image of Elohim created he him,'
i. 27). Such contrast is not accidental; it is intentional.
Similarly, if in a less degree, the Deluge of the Priestly
Book, caused by the inpouring of the waters from above and
beneath the firmament, covering the highest mountains, and
lasting for a whole solar year, is calculated to supersede the
rain-fiood of sixty-eight days which covered the face of the
country.
One other mark of the priority of the Iahvistic Book
is the fragmentary nature of its material. The stones of
INTRODUCTION.
the creation, of Cain and Abel, of the intercourse of gods
and men (vi. 1-3, which looks like a second story of the Fall),
of the Flood, of Noah's curse on Canaan, and of the distri-
bution of mankind over the earth (x. 8-19. 21. 25-30,
parallel to xi. 1-9; cf. x. 8-12 with xi. 9) are each more or
less complete in themselves, easily separable, and no doubt
originally independent. A closer connection certainly exists
among its patriarchal stories, but they are full of local
colouring, and not always of one spirit. For instance, xviii.
1-13. I4 b -i6. 20-22. 33 h . xix. 1 — 1 3 a . 14-27 a . 28. 30-38
is on a lower level than xxiv ; and Jacob's Blessing, xlix.
2-17. 19-24". 27, with its praise of Judah, is older than
the Joseph legends. On the other hand, the Priestly History
Book, though here and there it assumes acquaintance with
the other History, is a continuous narrative, of one colour
and one spirit, marked carefully at each step by a chronology
that points to some event in the future.
IV.
Further study of the Priestly History Book in Exodus
would show thai event to I"- the introduction by Moses ol
tip- Levitical legislation. In Genesis we can see that the
writer is not interested in men, bul in religious institutions.
There is not a touch of the dramatit spirit in anything he
of the patriarchs; they are all the s ime 1 olourless I"
which differ only in the number of fheir years and their
children. lint while he | over their history with almo t
indecenl ha te, he dwells al length on the in titution ol the
Sal. bad 1 and the Solar Year, on th< I tianl with Noah, on
( 'in umi Mid g( nealog) ol the 1 hosen pi •
their dealings in trad.- and mari iage with the ir< umi ised,
io INTRODUCTION.
and on the prae-Mosaic use of the divine name. As we
have seen, his religion is spiritual (i-ii. 4 a ), but it is cold ; and
his sympathies are narrow, as we should expect in a people
after long and proud isolation among hated and superstitious
heathen. His slate of mind is a product of the Exile.
It is quite otherwise in the case of the Prophetic History
Book. The writers of the Elohistic and Iahvistic histories are
both keenly interested in men, in places, in homely customs,
in Nature, and in religion just so far as it sanctifies and heightens
the beauty of these things. Character is drawn with a skill
worthy of Homer. Age and genealogy here are nothing to
individuality. The patriarchs are living men. Abraham is
a mighty figure in the distance, a man of action, brave ad-
venturer, enthusiast in faith, severe and simple in life, great
and mysterious like the desert he wanders over, — a fitting
personality to loom in the background of Israelite history.
But Isaac is different. He is a contemplative, stay-at-home
man, who loves to be with his flocks and herds, or alone
with his own thoughts and grief at eventide (xxiv. 63), — calm
and equable. Again, Jacob is different from either, — far
from equable, an up-and-down sort of man, made of good
and evil, leading a busy life among men, with temptation, sin,
and regret, — a stubborn, worldly-wise heart brought under
nobler influences and changed to humility and tenderness.
Similarly with Joseph— -the young dreamer and man of genius,
the faithful slave and upright statesman, honourable alike in
misfortune and success. They, and the women also, — the
jealous Sarai, and Hagar who despises her childless mistress,
Rebekah at the well, the beautiful Rachel, and the weak-eyed
Leah, — and their work and their homes, and the scene they
move over, are drawn from life. The shepherd fording a
INTRODUCTION. n
stream, fighting for a well, rolling the stone from a well's
mouth, and showing off his strength before the maid he loves,
watering the troughs, taking a ram from a thicket, playing
tricks on his master, feasting and drinking with harp and
pipe, keeping watch through heat and frost, companion of
the sun and moon and the eleven stars ; and the hunter with
his bow and arrows, seeking lion or wolf, or returning home
with venison on his back ; and the farmer busy with his vines
and fig-trees, cutting up wood for the fire, gathering sheaves
in harvest, driving his wagon to the threshing floor, lading
his ass with sacks of corn, or in drought returning sadly with
his cattle from the- empty pit through fields scorched by the
East wind ; the old father at home whose word is law, and
whose blessing is a birthright; his son's lentil-pottage, best
clothes, and long-sleeved cloak ; his wife's cakes and savoury
dishes, and love-apples; his daughter's pitcher, bracelets,
no- and virgin's veil; his favourite wife or son and con-
sequent family jealousies and troubles; his impulsive grief —
like hi ings and hospitalities ; his divining-cup and his
household his dread of Sheol, and the family grave;
die men hants bearing spicery and halm and myrrh on their
camels; and i riminals left hanging on the gallows, a prey to
wild birds; are a true and vivid reflection of the life and
nery of < Md Israel.
The writer's religious ideas enable us to get an approxi-
mate date. In the lahvistii history Iahveh is always human
crudely so in the old* I stories: he walks in Eden to enjo)
the evening breeze, makes clothes for the man and his
wife, repents of his handiwork, shuis the door of the ark,
enjoys the smell ol Noah's sacrifice, sits and eats with
Ahram in his tent, etc. J but always in this hook he is a
12 INTRODUCTION.
friendly Being, never far away, who takes loving interest in
the patriarchs and their doings. In the Elohistic history
more spiritual views are entertained of God, but here also he
is a very human Spirit who reveals himself, especially through
the medium of dreams, to all, and in divers places, — to the
slave-girl in the wilderness, the shepherd-boy among his
flocks, the prisoner in jail, as well as to Pharaoh on his
throne ; and is worshipped anywhere— by the road-side or
under a tree ; and any rough stone will serve as an altar of
sacrifice. This is the religion of Old Israel, such as we meet
with in the writings of Amos and his contemporaries. They
all speak of this free erection of altars, and Isaiah looks for
the time when the worship of Iahveh will be established in
Egypt, and his altars and pillars set up there (xix. 19). But
the reverence felt in the Prophetic History Book for favourite
shrines at Shechem, Bethel, and Beer-Sheba, precludes a later
date than the denunciation of these sanctuaries by Amos (iii.
14. iv. 1 ff. v. 5), Hosea (vi. 9; cf. iv. 10-14) an d Micah
(v. 13). With this agrees the acquaintance of these prophets
with some, at any rate, of the legends contained in the
Prophetic History Book (cf. Amos iv. 11, Isaiah i. 9, iii. 9
with Gen. xix. 24-28 ; Amos i. 1 1 with Gen. xxxii. 6 ; Hosea
xii. 4. 5. 12 with Gen. xxv. 26 a , xxxii. 24 ff., xxvii. 43,
xxix. 18 ff).
V.
How far back from this date the oldest material of the
Prophetic History Book may reach, can only be determined
by an individual examination of the passages themselves.
(a) The Creation and Flood stories point to early contact
with Chaldea. In their original form they are very old
(pp. 36 ff), but can hardly have been brought into Israel
INTRODUCTION. 13
and retold in monotheistic form before the extension of
the Israelite boundary through the victories of David and
the commerce of Solomon. Later they were amalgamated
by the Iahvistic writer, and with Hebrew and perhaps some
Canaanite elements added, placed at the head of his history.
(6) The Sword-Song of Lamech (iv. 23 b . 24), and Noah's
curse on Canaan (ix. 25-27) are both primitive Hebrew
poems ; but only the second gives any indication of its date
(see Map 1). ' Iahveh ' as the god of Shem seems to
identify the first-named and eldest son with lahveh's people
Israel ; whereas the general name ' Elohim ' (put into the
mouth of the Serpent, iii. 1, and of sinful ancestors, iii. 3.
iv. 1. 2,-), not the national 'Iahveh' (first on the lips of
the pious, iv. 26. v. 29), in connection with the younger
son (admitted by favour to Shem's tents), points to a
utile neighbour like Philistia as die tribe of Japheth. The
Canaanites were not thoroughly subdued until Solomon,
1 KgS. ix. 20. 21. 2 Sam. xxi. 1-14. Jos. ix ; but the
verses rather express triumphant expectation than accom-
plished fait, and probably dale from a period before the
Philistine wars of Saul, of temporary alliance and friendship
between Israel and Philistia pending Canaan's subjection at
die hands ol both.
(c) Similar indications of date are furnished by the
rchal legends of d) Abram and Lot, (2) Sarai and
Hagar, (.;) Jacob and Esau, (4) Jacob and Laban, and
(5) Joseph and his brethren.
1. Til- I' g< nd "I Abram and Lot ixiii. 2. ,->• 7-1 1 •''. 12 '•.
18. xviii. 1— 13. 1 ( ''-16. 20-22 \ .;.; •'. \ix. 1 ■.','■ '4--'7'"-
a 8) (see Map 2) culminates in the I daughtei
(xix. 30-38): t" what period shall w< a the national
i 4 INTRODUCTION.
animosity reflected here ? The relationship of the Hebrew
Group (Israel, Amnion, Moab, and Edom) was always
recognised, and Abram and Lot are here represented as
cousins (xi. 29. xiii. 8). On the return of Israel from the
pastures of Goshen, Moab and Amnion made common
cause with him against Canaan (the Amorite : see the
ancient battle-song, Num. xxi. 27-30); but later, when
Israel had subdued Canaan, adopted his civilisation and
grown strong, independent, and aggressive, jealousies and
deadly feuds arose between him and his wild nomad kins-
men on the South Jordanic boundary (see stories of Ehud,
Jud. iii. 12 ff; of Jephthah, Jud. xi ; and of Saul, 1 Sam. xi).
David after his successful Philistine wars turned his arms
against Moab, Ammon, and Edom, and subjugated them
(Num. xxiv. 17-19. 2 Sam. viii. 2. x). Edom, however,
revolted from Solomon (1 Kgs. xi. 14 ff), and probably
Moab and Ammon also, for Omri had to reconquer them.
The account of a successful revolt from Israel by Moab in
the reign of Ahaziah (2 Kgs. i. 1. 2) is preserved on the
Moabite stone (cf. 2 Kgs. iii. 5). Jehoram and Jehoshaphat
did not succeed in their attempt to regain the supremacy
(2 Kgs. iii. 27: Chemosh prevailed against Iahveh), and
Israel never reasserted his old authority (see, as late as the
reign of Josiah, Dt. xxiii. 3-6). We should not be far
wrong in ascribing the story of Lot's daughters to a period
soon after Moab's revolt against Ahaziah, when the contempt
of David's reign for the old border enemies had changed
into fierce hatred.
2. Nothing so definite can be said of the story of Sarai
(Isaac) and Hagar (Ishmael) (xvi. 2.4-7. n-14. xxv - 1 ^>
retold in xxi. 6. 8-21) (see Map 3). It expresses the annoy-
NTRODUCTION.
IS
ance and contempt felt in Israel for the wild Arab on the
S.W. border — the wild ass of a fellow, slave-son, who lived
chiefly by plunder on the great caravan track between Egypt
and Palestine. Probably the active trade with Egypt and
Arabia (i Kgs. x. 15. 28. 29) of Solomon's reign brought
Israel into new and disagreeable contact with this troublesome
Bedouin kinsman.
3. Even more clearly the legends of Jacob and Esau
(xxv. 21-26 a . 27-34. xxvii. xxxiii. 1 — 1 7) (see Map 4) have
a basis in national sentiment. South of Amnion and Moab
was the ancient and much-respected tribe of Edom, Israel's
acknowledged elder brother, who lived a wild, hunting,
marauder's life in the mountainous district of Seir (' hairy,'
' shaggy '), on the E. of the Arabah, and S. of the
h id Sea. Their capital, Selah ('rock'), an almost un-
approachable fortress, 'a nest among the stars' (Obad. 4),
was well situated for purposes of plunder above the carman
route between the Gulf of Elath and the Mediterranean.
During his life-and-death struggle with Canaan, Israel could
only entertain a fearful regard for tins terrible brother, who
'lived by his BWOrd,' in retreat ' from the earth's fat places
and the dew oi heaven 1 (xxvii. 39. 40); but after his sub-
jection and incorporation of Canaan, and repulse ol the
Philistine, Israel in his turn became the aggri or. David,
flushed with victory, chastised his envious kinsmen on the
S.E. (2 s.un. viii. 14. 21. 22), and compelled Edom for
the firsl time to 'serve his brother' (Gen. sxvii. jo; cf
Num. xxiv. 17-in) Bui in the following reign (1 Kgs. xi.
14) Edom ' shook <>ff the yoke ' (Gen. xxvii. 40). and though
verely punished occasionally (2 Kgs. xiv. 7. sa), was
never again subject to Israel (a Kgs. viii. 22).
16 INTRODUCTION.
4. Similarly, the stories of Jacob and Laban (xxix-xxxi.
17. 19-55) (see Map 5), reflect an international relationship.
On Israel's N.E. border was Aram (Syria), a more
terrible neighbour than Amnion and Moab on the E.,
or Edom on the S.E., or Ishmael on the S.W., or
even Philistia on the W. As early as David's reign
this powerful kinsman was beginning to press on Israel.
An alliance of Aramean cities to support Amnion, was
broken up by two defeats, one at the hand of Joab, who
thought the new foe worthy of his best steel (2 Sam. x.
5-12), the other by David in person, who crossed the Jordan
and met an increased force at a place called 'Chelam' (x. 16 ff);
and ' after that,' as the historian says, ' Aram feared to help
the sons of Amnion any more' (x. 19). However, in
Solomon's reign a new Aramean power was allowed to
gather head at Damascus, which was still further strengthened
by the disruption of the Davidic kingdom ; and when his aid
was called in by Asa against Baasha (1 Kgs. xv. 18-20)
Aram's supremacy was practically established. The power-
ful Omri, whose fame is preserved in Assyrian and Moabitc
inscriptions, paid him a kind of tribute (xx. 34), and Ahab,
if we are to believe similar records, had to supply him with
a contingent against the new and yet more terrible enemy in
the far east. Hence in the legend, Jacob's respect for his
father-in-law.
5. The stories of Joseph (xxxvii. 2 b -xlvi. 5. 28-xlvii. 5 a .
6 b . 12-27 a . 29-xlviii. 2. 8-22) (see Map 6), are the longest
of the patriarchal legends and the latest, and nearest the time
of the prophetic writers. They, no doubt, took shape in the
century and a half that intervened between Jeroboam I, the
son of Nebat, an Ephraimite, and Jeroboam II ; and, in their
INTRODUCTION. i 7
present form, reflect the prosperity and pride of the latter
end of this period. From the time of the disruption,
the Northern kingdom, whose political and religious life
centred in Joseph and Benjamin (' Shechem, in the hill
country of Ephraim,' i Kgs. xii. 25, and Samaria, xvi.
24. xxi. 1. 18, the royal residences of Omri and Ahab ;
Bethel, 2 Kgs. ii. 2. 3, Jericho, ii. 4. 5, cf. 1 Kgs. xvi. 34,
and Gilgal, 2 Kgs. ii. 1. iv. 38, the homes of the schools of
Elijah and Elisha ; and the dominion of Jeroboam II extended
to the furthest limits of Manasseh, 2 Kgs. xiv. 28), more
and more overshadowed the once powerful kingdom of the
South, until, after the defeat of Amaziah by Joash, the Judean
king Uzziah became the acknowledged vassal of Jeroboam II.
Thus did the four chief sons of the older but ugly wife Ecah
(Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah) bow 1 own before the
sons of Rachel. The outlying tribes, the sons of the hand-
maids (Dan and Naphtali, and Gad and Asher), and Leah's
fifth and sixth sons (Issachar and Zebulun) were of still less
importance; cf. Deut. xxxiii.
(d) For a much earlier state of affairs r< fle< U d in < Jen. xlix.
2-17. 19-24 ». 27 i.M.ip 7 e< pp. 1 35-1 47. Here Ephraim
and Benjamin, the tribes re pectively ol Samuel and Saul,
r.mk far below Judah, the tribe of David. The poi m o< 1 upies
an intermediate position between [ud. v. and Deut. xxxiii,
ii' arer the former than the latter, and belongs rathei I ' vid's
own lifetime (cf. w. 9 f) than to the more peaceful days ol
Solomon.
VI.
Finally, in Gen< v • nt ol the work ol the
compiler of the Prophetit History, and ol the redactor who
c
i8 INTRODUCTION.
combined with it the Priestly History, to enable us to
determine generally their character and date.
i. That the compiler of IE was a Judean is clear from
xxii. 2, where he has substituted ' Moriah ' for some Ephraimite
name (pp. 60 f ) ; and that he was not far removed from the
Deuteronomists we may see in xviii. 19. 23-33 a (P- 49)» m
the kindred passages xiii. 16. xv (pp. 45 f). xvi. 10. xviii.
18. xxii. 17. 18. xxvi. 4. xxxii. 12 {cf. Deut. i. 10. x. 22.
xxviii. 62}, and still more plainly in xxvi. 5 (p. 77).
2. That the redactor of 1EDP was akin to the school of
Ezra and Nehemiah appears from the fact that while he
treated his Prophetic material (IED) with reverence, yet
where he thought it advisable to omit a parallel passage, he
generally showed his preference for his Priestly source (P 2 )
(p. 32). He omitted the continuation of iv. 25. 26 (except
the fragment v. 29) in favour of v; of vi. 8 in favour of
14-22; of viii. 13 b in favour of 15-19 ; of viii. 22 in favour
of ix. 12-17 j °f x - 3° m favour of xi. 10-27; of xviii. 15
(change of Abram's and Sarai's names) in favour of xvii. 5.
15 ff; of xxi. 7 (death of Sarah) in favour of xxiii ; of xxiv.
61 (death of Abraham) in favour of xxv. 8-10; of xxxiv. 12
(the conditions of Shechem's marriage with Dinah) in favour
of 14-17 ; and of xlvii. 30 a (name of Jacob's burying-place,
cf. 1. 30) in favour of xlix. 28-32. In fact, except for two
omissions, one after xxv. 1 1 a (Elohim's blessing of Isaac,
cf. xxxv. 12. Ex. vi. 3), the other after xxxvii. 2 a (a brief
notice of Joseph, of which a fragment remains in xli. 46 a ),
he preserved the Priestly account almost entire in Genesis.
Further, when he added independent material of his own
(xxxvi. 2 b -5 a . 9-43. xlvi. 8-27) his style and expressions
are far more those of the Priestly than the Prophetic History
INTRODUCTION.
»9
Book (xxxvi. 32 ff, 'And A. died, and B. reigned in his
stead,' cf. ■ Let there be . . . and it was so . . . and
Elohim saw that it was good,' i, and ' A. lived and begat . . .
and lived after he begat,' v ; so ' These are,' xxxvi. 9-4-5.
xlvi. S-27, passim ; with xxxvi. 40. 43 cf. x. 5. 20. 31. xxv.
16; with xlvi. i,-, tf. xxxv. 26; and note 'These are the
generations of,' xxxvi. 9; ' possession,' xxxvi. 43; ' souls,' xlvi.
1 -,. 18. 22. 25-27 ; ' came out of his loins,' 26, cf. xxxv. 1 1 ).
For xiv. xxxviii see pp. 183 ff.
VII.
A word must be sai ! here of the Hebraic forms of the
proper names in the following pages. ' Chavvah,' ' Kain,'
■Hebel/'Chanok,' 'Noach,' 'Cham,' ' Kenaan," Iishmael,'
iel,' etc., may strike an ordinary reader as
but after all, however familiar to us,
\U\; 'Enoch,' 'Noah,' ' Ham,' 'Canaan,'
' Uhmael,' ' Isaac,' ' Israel,' eti .. which have come down from
th- 1 I and Latin vei ire not the names that w< re
ir to the Hebrews themselves, ami t<> preserve them in
a translation would not only be incorrect, but show a lack of
1! sympathy, fortius reason no apology is needed
for the name ' Iahveta I ol the familiar ' Iehovah.' A
1 holar 1 [ehovah ' is not a name at all, and
ken by any ancienl Hebrew. The word is .1
compound ol the consonants of the real name * Izkoth* and
notber word ' A/d<m<ri7 This conjunction is
1. In ancient Hebrew writing it was thought
uni : y to add the points (vowels) b< neath 01 above the
ind they w< re only inserted lab r wh< n
old Ian had died out 'I b n, foi the u rs
c 2
ao INTRODUCTION.
in the synagogue, at a time when it was considered a mark
of reverence never to utter the holy Name, even in public
worship, the scribes, for the guidance of the reader, added
to the consonants IHVH the vowels of the word that
should be used in its place, ' Acdonai,' which means ' Lord,'
o
thus: IHVH. If, as sometimes happened, that word
' Aedonai ' immediately preceded the divine Name, for the
guidance of the reader the vowels of some other word,
o
generally ' Elohim,' were added, thus : IHVH, as in Gen. xv.
2. 8 : Hirr tfiK. The real name, freely uttered in Old
Israel, honoured, loved, and fought for, was a word of two
syllables, ' IaHVeH ' (pronounced 'Yah-vay'; cf. the pro-
nunciation of ' Iago,' ' Iachimo,' etc), transliterated 'la/3« or
'lave by the Christian Fathers (Theodoret, Quae. 1 5 in Exod. ;
Kpiphanius, Adv. Haer. 20. 40; Clement Alex., Strom. 5. 6.
34), sometimes shortened into ' Iah ' (Ex. xv. 2 ; frequent in
the expression ' Hallelu-Iah '), and in that form woven into
the names of men : ' Eli-Iah' = ' God is Iah'; 'Isa-Iah' =
' Salvation of Iah ' ; ' Ierem-Iah' = ' Iah hath founded'; 'Obad-
lah ' = ' Servant of Iah.'
VIII.
As the literature on the Hexateuch grows more voluminous
it becomes increasingly difficult for a new-comer on the field
of criticism to acknowledge all his obligations, but this intro-
duction must not close without an expression of indebtedness
to the following works :
J. Wellhausen : Skizzen und Vorarbeiten. Zweites Heft. Die
Composition des Hexateuchs. Berlin.
., Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels. Berlin.
English translation by J. Sutherland
INTRODUCTION.
21
Black, M.A., and Allan Menzies, B.D.
With preface by Prof. W. Robertson
Smith. Edinburgh.
F. Bleek : Einleitung in das Alte Testament. Vierte Auflage.
Bearbeitet von J. Wellhausen. Berlin.
A. Kuerten: Historisch-Critisch Onderzoek naar het Ontstaan
en de Verzameling van de Boeken des Ouden
Verbonds. Eerste Deel. Tweede, geheel
omgewerkte Uitgave. Leiden. English trans-
lation by Philip H. Wicksteed, M.A. Mac -
millan.
A. Dillmann : Die Genesis. Kurzgefasstesexegetisches Hand-
buch zum Alten Testament. Funfte Auflage.
Leipzig.
The translation in the following pages is based on the
English Authorised Version of 1611, but owes much to the
1 ird and Cambridge Revision of 1884.
EXPLANATION OF THE TYPES.
In this type The Iahvistic History.
In this type The Elohistic History.
In this type the work of the Compiler of The Prophetic History.
In this type The Priestly History.
In this type the work of the Priestly Redactor.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
Iahvistic.
11
4 b
5
<b When Iahveh {Elohim} made earth and heavens,
' no plant of the field was yet in the earth, and no herb of
the field had yet sprung up : for Iahveh { Elohim \ had
not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was no
man to till the ground; c and there went up a mist
from the earth, and it watered the whole face of the
ground. 7 And Iahveh [Elohim] formed man (adam)
of the clay of the ground (adamah), and breathed into
his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a
living souL "And Iahveh [Elohim] planted a garden
tward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom be
'. ' - ■■ ;'• the opening section of a large document
which can ily traced throughout '■ i pp. [51 AT), and which
from iti composition among post-exilian priests maj bi called the
'Priestly Historj B< • Introduction, pp. 3. 7 If), so does Gen. ii,
4 1 ' ff. begin another document which runs parallel with this ii
and which from its composition anion:; pn exilian prophets may be
called the ' Prophctii Historj Book 1 Introduction, pp. a. 7 ff. 1 a ff).
After i ii. 4* the readei is naturally surprised at the appearance ol 1
ation in ii. 4 b ff. Though thi earth baa already
been covered with vegetation and wood, i, ti f, and locked with living
birds an>l Ik-. et and creeping thing 16, and peopled
with . male and female, ^7 1, we are told in Ii. V' fl ol thi
1 an individual man, 7. "i trees, >>. and birds and bi 19
and lastly of a irogle woman, a. A lit) lination will provi that
rei iting itself, but two paralli I I
from diffi rent authoi - Fit tfy, the ordei ol en ation i- differ* nl in eat h
in i ii 4* the order is 1 Wat< r,i. a ; Land, 9 ; 3 \
24 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
ii
9
10
ii
12
13
'4
1 6
Iahvistic.
had formed; 9 and out of the ground Iahveh \ Elohim)
made every tree to grow that is pleasant to the sight
and good for food, also the Tree of Life in the midst
of the garden, and the Tree of Knowledge of the good
and bad. { 10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden ;
and from thence it was parted, and became four heads. ''The
name of the first is Pishon : that is it which compasseth the whole
land of Chavilah, where there is gold ; 12 and the gold of that
land is good ; there is bdellium and the onyx stone. 13 And the
name of the second river is Gichon : the same is it that compasseth
the whole land of Kush. "And the name of the third river is
Chiddekel : that is it which floweth this side of Asshur. And
the fourth river is Perath.| 15 And Iahveh {Elohim} took
the man, and put him in the garden of Eden to dress it,
and to keep it. 16 And Iahveh {Elohim\ commanded the
tion, II ; (4) Animals, 24 ; (5) Mankind, 26 ; in ii. 4 b ff it is (1) Land,
ii. 4 b ; (a) Water, 6 ; (3)0 Man, 7 ; (4) Vegetation, 8 f ; (5) Animals, 19 ;
(6) a Woman, 22. Secondly, there is an entire absence in ii. 4 b ff of the
cold formality which is characteristic of the thought and language of
i — ii. a"-. In i-ii. 4 a the phrase ' saw that it was good ' occurs 7 times ;
' and it was so,' 6 times ; ' after its (their) kind,' 10 times ; ' and Elohim
blessed them ... Be fruitful and multiply,' twice, etc. There is no such
repetition in ii. 4 b ff. Most striking is the fact that the name ' Iahveh,'
which occurs not less than 30 times in Gen. ii. 4 b -iv, is not used once in
i-ii. 4 a , wherein, however, the name 'Elohim' occurs more than 30
times ! This fact will appear even more convincing when we strike out
'Elohim' after ' Iahveh ' in ii. 4 b -iii, where it has been interpolated by
the editor, who combined these two narratives (pp. 3 f. 18). The strange
conjunction ' Iahvch-Elohim,' which entirely ceases after iii, is found no-
where else except in Ex. ix. 30, in pre-exilian writings : 2 Sam. vii. 22. 25
is no exception, where an original ' Iahveh- Aedonai ' has been tampered
with from 1 Ch. xvii. Thirdly, the difference in the deity in the two pas-
sages is as much one of character as of name. Instead of the calm and
calculating Elohim of i-ii. 4°, able to realise his thought in a word —
' Let there be li^ht ! and there was light,' in ii. 4'' iv we have a very
limited and changeable Iahveh, hard at work with the clay, and blowing
into the nostrils of his creature, ii. 6 f ; planting a garden, 8 ; testing his
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK
25
Iahvi3tic.
man. saying, ' Of every tree of the garden thou mavest
freely eat : 17 but of the Tree of Knowledge of the good
and bad thou shalt not eat of it : for in the day that thou
eatest thereof thou shalt surely die!' ]8 And Iahveh
\Elohim) said, 'It is not good that the man should be
alone; I will make him an help fit for him.' 19 And
out of the ground Iahveh {Eiohim} formed every beast
of the fyeld and every fowl of the heavens ; and brought
them unto the man to see what he would call them : and
whatsoever the man called every {living} creature, that
was the name thereof. i0 And the man gave names to all
cattle, and to the fowl of the heavens, and to every beast
of the field ; but for himself he did not find a help fit for
him. - So Iahveh ] Elokim] caused a deep sleep to fall
upon the man { and he slept | ; and he took one of his ribs,
and filled up with flesh the place thereof; 82 and the rib
11
'7
IN
'9
20
21
22
animals one after another to find n Suitable companion for the man,
19 t. and hitting at last on the idea "i a woman made of the man's rib,
21 f; walking in the garden himself to enjoy the evening cool, iii. 8 ;
talking (ace to face with bit creatures, and inflicting the crawling
posture on the snake, travail on the woman, and toil on the man, i.i 19;
making the man and his wife clothes of A ins, 31 ; jealous, jj ; wrathful,
14. 24, and capricious, iv. 4 f. Fourthly, if the continuation of i ii 4"
is not t., be ought in ii, 4 1, iv, yef is if to b< found in v, which not
only 1 ■ ablj parallel to and nol 1 01
linuous of thai in iv. [6 in both: Adam,Sheth,
1 1 hanok, and I emech . but in rv. 1 I refers directly back to
i. 20 18. Ob thi repetition oi the phrase 'lived and \
and lived after he begat, and died ' not le 1 than 8 times, and thi 1
the name ' Llobim,' 1. 33. 34 1 i ii. 4* throughout ;' likeni ,' 1
as in i. 26 ; ' male and female,' -'. as in i. 27 ; ' bles • d,' ••. as in i. 11.
28. ii. 3; 'create,' i 1, as in i. I. II. -'7. ii, .', 4; and ' imag .' .',.
: v. 39 is not from the same hand 1 t of thi chapter: Dots
'Iahveh,' and the refei 1 m 17; and the play upon the nun'
■ Noach,' as in ii. 7, 'a m.in, adam, oi the ground, adamah'j 2,',; iii
26 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
u
23
24
25
iii
1
Iahvistic.
which Iahveh [Elohi?n\ had taken from the man, made
he a woman ; and he brought her unto the man. 23 And
the man said, 'This now is bone of my bones, and flesh
of my flesh : she shall be called Woman (aishah), because
she was taken out of Man (aish).' 24 Therefore shall a
man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave
unto his wife, and they shall be one flesh. 26 And they
were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not
ashamed. 'And the serpent was more subtil than any
beast of the field which Iahveh {Elohim} had made;
and it said unto the woman, ' Hath Elohim really said,
Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden ?' 2 And the
woman said unto the serpent, ' Of the fruit of the trees of
the garden we may eat: 3 but of the fruit of the Tree
which is in the midst of the garden, Elohim hath said, Ye
shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die.'
4 And the serpent said unto the woman, ' Ye shall not
surely die : 5 for Elohim doth know that in the day ye
20; iv. 1. 25). Fifthly, an examination of the succeeding chapters
vi-ix reveals a similar duality of authorship. After Noach has been
commanded to make an ark, vi. 14-21, and has done what was com-
manded him, 22, in vii. 1-4 he receives a second command, similar to,
but also somewhat different from the other, cf. vii. 2 with vi. 19, which
also he carries out, vii. 5. Again, after being told in vii. 1-12 that
Xoach and his family and the animals went into the ark, and that
7 days after, the flood came and continued 40 days, it is startling to
hear in 13-16" that 'in the self-same day' Noach and his family and
the animals once more entered the ark ! This is not due to a clumsy
repetition in the same narrative, but to the interweaving of two parallel
and independent accounts, the one in continuation of i ii. 4". v, the
other of ii. 4 b -iv. v. 29. The First is easily traced in vi. 9-22 (note
' Elohim,' 9. 11. 12. 13. 22 ; ' these are the generations of,' 9, as in v.
1. ii. 4" ; 'walked with E.,' 9, as in v. 22. 24; 'and E. saw and behold
it was,' 12, cf. i. 31 ; ' male and female,' 19, as in v. 2 ; ' after its (their)
kind,' 20, as in i. 25, etc. ; ' it shall be for food,' 21, as in i. 29 f) vii. 6
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 37
Iahvistic.
eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye
shall be as gods knowing the good and bad.' 6 And
when the woman saw that the Tree was good for food,
and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and that the Tree
was to be desired to make one wise, she took of the
fruit thereof and did eat; and she gave also unto her
husband with her, and he did eat. 7 And the eyes of
them both were opened, and they knew that they were
naked, and they sewed fig leaves together, and made
themselves aprons. 8 And they heard the sound of
Iahveh {Elohim\ walking in the garden in the cool of
the evening : and the man and his wife hid themselves
from the presence of Iahveh [Elohim] amongst the trees
of the garden. ,J And Iahveh \Elohim\ called unto the
man, and said unto him, 'Where art thou?' "And
he said, 'I heard the sound of thee in the garden, and
I was afraid, because I was naked, and 1 hid myself.'
"And lie said, 'Who told thee that thou wast naked?
Hast thou eaten <>f tin- Tree, whereof I commanded
thee that thou shouldest not eat?' 'And the man said.
9
10
1 1
1 1
-''six hundred,' cf. v. 7,.') 11 cf.6; 'deep,' i. -■. 7) 13 16" (cf. vi. 18
20; 'nit<;r its theii kind,' 'cattle, 1 'fowl,' 'creeping thing,' 'two and
two'; • tel to 11 ; ' male and fi male,' .1- in v. 1, etc.;
'all flesh,' as in \i. 1 j. 13, 17. 19; 'Elohim, 1 r6" 18 ai 'cubits,' ao,
as in vi. 15 f; * all-flesh,' ai, as in 15 1 ; ' iwarm,' - 1, as in i. jo)
f ' w.V' in 18. \<> viii. 1. i*('Elohim'; 'thai were with
him in the ark,' cf. vii. 23 ; ' fountains oi the di ep and the « indow - oi
tli- 1 • ,11.11 ;'■ ■ one hundred and fifty,' as in vi
f. vii. 11 ; ' mountains, ' as in vii. 19 i < .:' cf. 4! 1 1 19 (with
13*. 1 1 ; ■ l lohim,' 15 ; with 16. 18. cf. vi 1- 1 ; with 17. 19 1 1
ril 11 ; ' be fruitful and multiply,' as in i. a 1 ! , El Mm,'
l. 6. 8. 1 a. !'•. 17 ; * l)l< ised, 1 1, as In v. a, etc. ; ' be fruitful and mul-
tiply,' 1. r, as in viii, 17, etc.; with 1 cf. i. 16. 18 ; 'foi f I.' .',. as in
vi. ai, etc. ; ' ■ • nant,' 9. 11. 17, ai in \ 1. [8; ' all fli h
11. 15. 17, as in viii. 17, etc. j 'renw mber, [5 f, ai In viii. 1 j
38
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
111
13
16
17
18
'9
Iahvistic.
' The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she
gave me of the Tree, and I did eat.' 13 And Iahveh
{Elohim) said unto the woman, ' What is this that thou
hast done ? ' And the woman said, ' The serpent be-
guiled me, and I did eat.' 14 And Iahveh {Elohim) said
unto the serpent, ' Because thou hast done this, cursed
art thou among all cattle, and among all beasts of the
field! Upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt
thou eat all the days of thy life : 1B and I will put enmity
between thee and the woman, and between thy seed
and her seed : he shall aim at thy head, and thou shalt
aim at his heel.' 1G [And] unto the woman he said, ' I
will greatly multiply thy pain and thy bearing ; in pain
shalt thou bring forth children, yet thy desire shall be
for thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.' 17 And
unto [the] man he said, ' Because thou hast hearkened
unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the Tree,
of which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat
of it ! cursed is the ground for thy sake ; in pain shalt
thou eat of it all the days of thy life ; 18 thorns also,
and thistles shall it bring forth to thee ; and thou shalt
eat the herb of the field, 19 in the sweat of thy face shalt
thou eat bread ; till thou return unto the ground, for
11. 1 5. as in vi. 13. 17; ■ in the image of Elohim made he man,' 6, as
in i. 26 f. v. 1) 28 f (cf. v, and the years of Noach's life, 500+ 100 +
350 = 950, as in v. 32. vii. II. ix. 28 f). The Second can be as readily
detected in vi. 1-8 (note ' Iahveh,' 3. 5. 6. 7. 8 ; 'face of the ground,'
1. 7, as in iv. 14 ; and with 8 cf. v. 29) vii. 1-5 (' Iahveh,' 1.5;' blot
out,' 4, as in vi. 7 ; 'face of the ground,' 4, as in vi. 1.7) :o (cf. 4) 7"°
(' waters of the flood,' as in 10) 8" ('clean and not clean,' as in 2) l6 b
" Iahveh') 12 (cf. 4) I7 b . 23* ('blotted out' and 'face of the ground,'
as in 4) 22 ('cf. ii. 7; 17* (cf. 4. 12 viii. 2 b ('rain,' as in vii. 4. 12)
3" (which anticipates 3''; 6-12 (' forty,' as in vii. 4. 12, 17 ; and ' seven,'
10. 1 2, as in vii. 4. 10 ; ' face of the ground,' 8, as in vii. 23, etc. ; ' face
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 33
I ah vi stic.
on the face of the whole earth.' 5 And Iahveh came
down to see the town and the tower which the sons of
men builded. 6 And Iahveh said, 'Behold, they be one
people, and have all one tongue, and this is what they
begin to do : and now nothing will be withholden
from them which they have in mind to do. 7 Go to, let
us go down, and there confound their language, that
they may not understand one another's speech.' "And
Iahveh [confounded their language,] {scattered them abroad
from thence upon the face of all the earth • SO that they left
off building the town [and tower]. "Wherefore was the
name of it called ' Babel,' because Iahveh did there
confound (balel) the language of all the earth. And
from thence did Iahveh scatter them abroad upon tin-
face of all the earth.
\nd [the] man knew his wife again ; and she bare a
.and . ailed his name 'Sheth,' 'for,'[ sh<- said. | 'Elohim
hath appointed (shath) me another Beed in Heb<
I, for Kain hath killed him.' Mtt And to Shi th, to
him also there was bora a bod ; and he i ailed his nam<
********
********
pp. 151 ff, and confining our attention to the [ahvistic passages, Gen. ii.
vi. 1 8. vii. 1 ;. - f. 10. ii. 16 6 1. -■-■ I. \iii. ?,". 6 1.
20 11. i* that they com] ■• d< ral nan
dngnished from its statelier parallel no< only by it, almost uniform
■ Iahveh, 1 but by il e richi 1 olonrin
pilcity of its thou
though this 1 1 el .1 iingl< n pi u to be
easily flctni bed fi closer 1 lamination will
show thai . illy nil fr..ni one hand. 'I b<
ii. 10— 14 interrupt d vi. 4 is b imilar interpolation.
Far mote im] 1 in and Hebel, h -• ■ 3 l ''"- ' l
whir h. in r ontinuatioD of il | 1
gives a mythological account of the fit I 1 theii ac-
D
34 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
v
2 9
IV
vi. i
Iahvistic.
[And unto Lemech was born] a son, 29 and he called
his name ' Noach/ saying, ' This same shall comfort us
(nacham) for our work, and for the toil of our hands
because of the ground which Iahveh hath cursed.'
26b Then began men to call upon the name of Iahveh.
*And it came to pass, when men began to multiply
on the face of the ground, and daughters were born
unto them, 2 that the sons of the gods saw the daughters
of men that they were fair ; and they took them wives
of all that they chose. 3 And Iahveh said, ' My spirit
shall not abide for eVer in man {in their straying they art-
flesh}, and his days shall be but an hundred and twenty
years.' { 4 The giants were in the earth in those days ; and also
after that, when the sons of the gods came in unto the daughters of
men, and they bare children to them, the same were the mighty
men which were of old, the men of renown.} 5 And Iahveh
saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth,
and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart
was only evil continually. r, And Iahveh repented that
companying evils, of human society. Knowledge, iii. 6, is the loss of
innocence, 7, whence clothing, 7. 21, marriage, 16, childbirth, 16, and
industry, 17: — (1) agriculture, 18 f. iv. 2 1 '; (2) dwellings, i6 b f;
(3) cattle-breeding, 20; (4) music, 21; (5) arts and crafts, 22; and
then warfare, 23. Strife therefore, comes too soon in iv. 8, and Ilebel
the shepherd, 2 a , anticipates labal, 20, the founder of the pasture farm.
Nor is Kain in l6 b . 17 the nomad fugitive we should expect after 11.
14, but the honoured father of the homestead, and forefather, 20-22, of
the peaceful arts. Note also the dependence of 7 on iii. 16 ; 1 1 f on
iii. 17 f ; and 15 on 24.
Again, the story in Gen. ii. 4 b -iii. iv. 1. 2 b . i6 b -24, of the creation of
the world, and the growth of civilisation, with its list of old-world
heroes, ill fits in with the story of an all-destroying flood in vi. 5-8. vii.
1-5. 7 f . 10. 12. i6 b . i7 b . 22 f. viii. 3 a . 6-12. 13''. 20-22; and its con-
tinuation must not be sought in iv. 25 f. v. 29, which are remnants of a
second and pious genealogical tree from Adam to Noach through Sheth
instead of the murderer Kain, iv. 2\ 13-16*, parallel to the list pre-
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 35
Iahvistie.
he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him
at his heart. 7 And Iahveh said, 'I will blot out
man \ whom I have created) from the face of the ground
[both man and beast and creeping thing, and fowl of the heavens}
for I repent that I have made [him'] {them}. "But
Noach found favour in the eyes of Iahveh
'And Iahveh said
unto Noach, ' Come thou and all thy house into the
ark ; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this
generation. 2 Of every clean beast thou shalt take to
thee seven and seven, the male and his female; and
of beasts that are not clean two, the male and his
female ; s { of the fowl also of the heavens, seven and seven, male
and female] to keep seed alive upon the face of all the
earth. ''For yet seven days, and I will cause it to rain
upon the earth forty days and forty nights; and every
living creature that I have made will I blot out from off
the face of the ground.' 6 And Noach did according
unto all that Iahveh commanded him. 7 And Noach
went I and his sons, and his wife, and his sons' wives with him j
VI
Vll
1
linv; but rather in vi. 1 3, which explains the short duration ol
human life, and xi. 1 > h which gives the origin of brickburning in a
rocklcss plain. 1 re and gr< and ol diversity of tongues
and d [I not suit the religious character <>f the Priestlj
t.> be concerned with the family tree <>f Kain, Adam's
fratricide son; an<l it ^i\<-> only the cond branch through Sheth, v,
from which we may gather that its original parallel Iv. -j.s. 26 . . . v. ji>
. . . must have been dependent on iv. 16* : t : —
\ , Adam, Shetb, 1 no ! '. Kenan M thalalel, (ered, Chanok,
Methn elai i>, l 1 tnech, Sosu a.
iv. 25 f. v. 29, Adam, Sheth, 1 * * * *
I 1 in- 1 ii. Noach.
iv. 16' hi, Kain. I lhanol . I ir.nl. Mi 1 buiael
M- thushael, Lemech.
The order of the nam - In » and iv. r6* 14 Is lightly different ; bnl
i) 2
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
vii
9
10
1 1
22
23 a
Vlll
6*
2 b
3 a
6*
Iahvistic.
into the ark because of the waters of the flood, [with
all his house and] "beasts that are clean and beasts that
are not clean {and of fowls, and of everything that creepeth
upon the ground, * there went in two and two unto Noaeh into the
ark, male and female, as Elohim commanded Noach) ; 1Gb and
Iahveh shut him in. lu And it came to pass after the
seven days that the waters of the flood came upon the
earth; '-and the rain continued upon the earth forty
days and forty nights; 17b and the waters increased,
and bare up the ark, and it was lift up above the earth.
"And all in whose nostrils was the breath of {the spirit
of) life, all that was in the dry land, died; 23a and
[Iahveh] blotted out every living thing which was upon
the face of the ground {both man, and cattle, and creeping
tiling, and fowl of the heavens ; and they were blotted out from.
the earth \ . 6a And it came to pass at the end of the
forty days 2b that the rain from the heavens was restrained,
"'and the waters returned from off the earth continually.
fib And Noach opened the window which he had made
in the ark, 7 and sent forth a raven, which went forth to
their number is the same; Adam, Chanok, and Lemech are identical ;
Kenan is only a slight variation of Kain ; Mahalalel of Mechuiael ;
Iered of Iirad ; and Methuselach of Methushael.
mena seem to be best explained by supposing that the
Iahvistic author had before him Hebrew versions of two ancient and
independent Chaldean myths, one of the creation and growth of
humanity, the other of the world's destruction, which he largely rewrote
'ef. vi. 5 7 with iii. 22-24 ; vu - 22 w ' tn >'• 7 i viiL 21 with iii. 8 ff. 22 f.
vi. 3. xi. 5 ff ; and note ' rain,' ii. 5. vii. 4 ; ' face of the ground,' ii. 6.
9. 19 ff. iii. 17. [9. iv. 14. vi. 7. vii. 4. 23. viii. 8; 'make,' ii. 4 b . 18.
vi. 6 f and wove into a single narrative by means of a purely Hebrew
story of Kain and Ilebel, iv. 2". 3 16", and a second and pious list of
Noach's ancestors, iv. 25 f . . . v. 29 . . ., made up from the list in iv.
- \ ; and concluded with another purely Hebrew story of Noach's
sons, ix. 20-27 — itself based probably on the ancient verses 25-27.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 37
Vlll
10
ii
, 3 b
Iahvistic.
and fro until the waters were dried up from off the
earth. 8 [And Noach stayed seven days] and sent forth
a dove from him, to see if the waters were abated from
off the face of the ground ; 9 but the dove found no rest
for the sole of her foot, and she returned to him unto
the ark, for the waters were on the face of the whole
earth; and he put forth his hand and took her, and
brought her in unto him into the ark. 10 And he stayed
yet another seven days, and again he sent forth the
dove out of the ark ; n and the dove came in to him in
the evening," and lo, in her beak was a fresh-plucked
olive leaf: and Noach knew that the waters were abated
from off the earth. 12 And he staved yet another seven
days, and sent forth the dove ; but she returned unto
him again no more. 13b And Noach opened the roof
of the ark, and looked out, and behold the face of the
ground was dry. * * *
A version of one of these Chaldean originals has been discovered at
Nineveh, of which, for the sake of comparison, a translation is i;i\in
on pp. 1 s <j ff. The gods resolve to destroy sinful men ; but to pn
seed alive in the earth, command one Hosis-adra (or Adra-hasis) to
make an ark of a certain rize, pitch ii io ide and out, and gather into ii
ind grain and food and wine. I la ii adi 0, and
the delugi drowning the world and even frightening the gods in
1 Aft< the Ho 1, and Hai isadra 0]
window and looks out. The lii^hi over his lace, he >ei • the
! rating ' li in the water, and he weeps. The ark rests
on Mount Ni/.ir, and hi out a dove which returns, then t swallow
which also returns, and thru a raven which stays awaj H
forth if.iin the ark, builds an altar in the mountain, and pout oul
an offering. The god tmell thi weel avour, and come down 'like
All ' to the sacrifice. They promise thai the Flood shall not happen
again, and carry ofl 11 dratoh aven.
The obviou d< here, suggest*) a timilax dependence in the
case of the story of the Creation and the Fall. Thi 1 I
ii. ')) and Immortality (iii. 22,, the speaking serpent iii 1), the divine
38 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK,
Vlll
JO
21
22
ix
18
'9
20
2 J
22
Iahvistic.
2 " And Noach built an altar unto Iahvch, and he took
of every clean beast J ami of every clean fowl) and offered
a burnt offering on the altar. 21 And Iahveh smelled
the sweet savour ; and Iahveh said in his heart, ' I will
not again curse the ground any more for man's sake
for that the imagination of man's heart is evil from his
youth ; neither will I again smite any more every thing
living as I have done. 22 While the earth remaincth,
seedume and harvest, cold and heat, summer and
winter, and day and night shall not cease.'
*******
18 And the sons of Noach, that went forth from the
ark, were Shem [and Cham) and Iepheth and [Cham is
the father of) Kenaan. u These three were the sons of
Noach : and of these was the whole earth overspread.
20 And Noach became a husbandman, and he began
and planted a vineyard. 21 And he drank of the wine,
and was drunken, and lay uncovered within his tent.
22 And { Cham the father of) Kenaan saw the nakedness of
his father, and he went and told his two brethren
Garden 'iii. 8 , the Cherubim frequently represented in Chaldean
literature as huge inan-headed, eagle-winged bulls) guarding the en-
trance iii. 24), the incest of the gods (vi. 1-3), the council in heaven
xi. 6. 7 , the city and tower of Babel (xi. 4) the centre of dispersion of
mankind xi. 7 , the pessimistic view of life throughout, so foreign to
early Hebrew thought, all point to a crude polytheism in the Plain
linar xi. i„ between the Tigris and the Euphrates.
These two stories, both therefore probably of Chaldean origin, serve
well as an introduction to the purely I Iebrew narratives of the patriarchs
Abram, Iizchak, and Iakob. Our wiiter links them by means of a ta
of nations descended from Noach's Palestinian sons Shem, Iepheth, am.
Kenaan. In ix. 25-27 no mention is made of Cham. Shem, Iepheth
and Kenaan are clearly brethren, of whom the youngest is cursed
to become the menial slave (' slave of slaves '} of the others, ix. 28 f.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 39
IX
2 A
Iahvistic.
without. - 3 But Shem and Iepheth took a garment, and
laid it on both their shoulders, and went backward, and
covered the nakedness of their father ; and their faces
were backward, that they saw not their father's nakedness.
** And when Noach awoke from his wine, and knew
what his youngest son had done unto him, 25 he said,
' Cursed be Kenaan,
Slave of slaves let him be to his brethren !
{ 26 and he said} Blessed be Iahveh, god of Shem,
And Kenaan be his slave !
27 Elohim enlarge Iepheth,
That he may dwell in the tents of Shem,
And Kenaan be his slave ! '
lb And unto them were sons born after the flood.
15 And Kenaan begat Zidon his firstborn, and Cheth,
16 and the lebusite, the Aemorite, the Girgashite, 17 the
Chivite, the Arkite, the Sinite, ' the Axvadite, the
Zemarite, and the Chemathite; and afterward were the
families of the Kenaanite spread abroad. '''And the
border of tin- Kenaanite was from Zidon, as thou goest
towards Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest towards
loin and fiamorah and Admah and Zeboiim unto
x. 1". 27. 20. 22 f. 31 f. xi. 10 -27. 31 f, which belong to the Priestlj
1 pp. [58 li , trace the cations ol the earth from
of Noach Shem, Cham, and iepheth. rleno in attempt 00 the pari
of the compilei t" harmonize these paralli I gem alogies by the addition
of ' and Cham,' 'and < ham is the father <>i,' in be. 18, and 'Cham, ih<-
father of,' in 22. The lahvi ti>- remnanl in x ' tahv< h, 1 9 ; ' i- gat,' ih\
8. 13. 15. 26, cf. iv I s , not vVin as in xi. 1 1 11 ; ' pread abroad,' 1
ix. 19. xi. |. - •,. tead "i ' dividi has been entirely
• by this writer, whose hand is cleai in 1 1 taken from 1 1 1
originally there must have been more about the expn ilj mentioned
I . cf. 21 , and 25'' 'lor in Ins days was the earth divided' which
looks forward to \i. 1-9: sec below;; and perhaps may al I"
24
25
26
27
x
I>>
[6. 17
18
"J
4 o PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
x
8
Iahvistic.
I ,asha. [And Iepheth begat Kush and I\Tizraiim.] 8 And
Kush begat Nimrod who began and became a warrior
in the earth. 9 He was a mighty hunter before Iahveh :
whence the saying, ' Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter
before Iahveh.' 10 And the beginning of his kingdom
was Babel, and Erech, and Akkad, and Kalneh, in
the land of Shinar: "whence went forth Asshur and
builded Nineveh, and Rechoboth-Ir, and Kelach, 12 and
Resen between Nineveh and Kelach \the same is the great
13 city}. u And Mizraiim begat the Ludim, the Anamim,
14 the Lehabim, the Naphtuchim, 14 the Pathrusim, the
Kasluchim {whence went forth the Pclishtim\ and the Kaph-
torirn. 21 And unto Shem, the father of all the sons of
Eber, the elder brother of Iepheth, to him also were
children born. 25 And unto Eber were born two sons :
the name of the one was Peleg \for in his days was the
traced in the interpolations in 1 2 (' the same is the Great City,' cf. Jon.
i. .'. iii. 2. iv. 11), in 14 (' whence went forth the Pelishtim,' which may
originally have been inserted after ' Kaphtorim,' cf. Amos ix. 7. Jer.
xlvii. 4 , and elsewhere. The result is so fragmentary that it is impos-
sible now to restore the passage. But the following should be noticed.
The division of mankind into peoples, and the story of the founding of
Babel 'S- 1 2 ; cf. 10 with xi. 2. 9 are clearly independent of, and out of
place before, xi. 1-9. There is no mention of Cham. Iepheth, the
younger brother of Shem 21) and father of children ('also,' 21), may
have Included Kush 8) and Mizraiim (13) among his sons. Sheba and
Chavilab of the children of Shem in 28 f are among the descendants of
Cham in 7, and the Ludim, of Mizraiim in 13, are of Shem in 22. It
should \>c observed moreover, that in this passage the names are of
peoples or places, not of persons.
Finally; in the Iahvistic passages reviewed thus far, the following
additional emendations have been made in the text. In ii. 19 omit
Tnct:, which spoils the construction; ii. 20 read DtuS: 'Adam,' as
a proper name, has crept into our document from the Priestly History
Book, v. 1 f ; ii. 21 om. very superfluous jc ,, i, which necessitates an
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 41
Iahvistic.
earth divided], and his brother's name was Ioktan.
28 And Ioktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Chazar-
26
27
28. 29
28
29
30
xii
1
maveth, and Ierach, 27 and Hadoram, and Uzal, and
Diklah, 2< and Gebal, and Abimael, and Sheba, 29 and
Ophir, and Chavilah, and Iobab : all these were the
sons of Ioktan. 30 And their dwelling was from Mesha
as thou goest toward Sephar, the mountain-range of
the east. *******
********
28 And Haran died in the presence of his father
Terach in the land of his nativity {in Ur-Kashdim}.
29 And Abram and Nachor took them wives : the name
of Abram's wife was Sarai, and the name of Nachor's
wife, Milkah, the daughter of Haran father of Milkah and
father of Iiskah. 30 And Sarai was barren : she had no
child. ' But Iahveh said unto Abram, ' Get thee out of
thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's
house, unto the land that I will shew thee, and 1 will
make of thee a great nation, and will bless thee and
make thy name great, and thou shalt be a blessing.
awkward change of subject ; iii. tO read k Ni with i.xx. Sam.; iii. 17 read
oim^; iii. 21 read DIM 1 ); iv. i om. ainTN and read D'rt^H (LX>
Instead of mn*j iv. 8 read rnton naba vn^ with lxx. Sam, Vul^. :
lOH'i cannot mean iavi; xi. 8 foi 'mi--; v--v 'n 'm '' yo which
anticipates 9 b , and may have dipped in thence, read DnDto m-e '•:"'
cf. 7; and read with LXX. Sam. ^raorrnHl vrn; iv. 25 read DlMtyi
viii. 8 read (cf. 10. 1 2 j nb«J'i D*©' nra© n: tovij ix. id om. lOH'i;
x. 18 read !>3'S with 1 XX. Vulg, Sam. cf. 1 < li. i. 22.
That xii. 4''. 5. xiii. 6. ii 1 '. 1 2". svi I . 3, 1 5 f. xvii. xix. :•> beloi
the I'"' itly id tory Book, see pp. i6off. Foi riv. seepp. t8jff. The
uid. r ut xii xix forms 1 tolerably complete whole, bul is nol all
from the une band. The passage rii, 1 1". 6 omil the antiquarian
1, 'And the Ki iras then in the land,' cf. %, la. 14) 7 " '■'
M T3M"i) 8. xiii. 2. 5. 7 (omit, 'And the Kenaanite and the Perizdte
4 j PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xn
Iahvistic.
3 And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him
that curseth thee ; and in thee shall all the families
of the ground be blessed.' 4 And Abram went as
Iahveh had spoken unto him, and Lot went with him.
6 And Abram passed through the land unto the place of
Shechem, unto the oak of Moreh {And the Kenaanite was
then in the land } ; 7 and Iahveh appeared unto Abram, and
said [to him], 'Unto thy seed will I give this land.'
And there builded he an altar unto Iahveh, who appeared
unto him. 8 And he removed thence to the mountain
range east of Bethel, and pitched his tent with Bethel
to the west, and Hai to the east, and builded there an
altar unto Iahveh, and called on Iahveh's name. { 9 And
Abram journeyed, going on still toward the South. 10 And there
was a famine in the land : and Abram went down into Mizraiim
to sojourn there ; for the famine was sore in the land. ll And it
came to pass, as he drew nigh unto Mizraiim, that he said unto
Sarai his wife, ' Behold now, I know that thou art a fair woman
to look upon: 12 and it shall come to pass when the Miz-
raiimites shall see thee, that they shall say, This is his wife : and
13 ' they will kill me, and save thee alive. 13 Say, I pray thee, thou
dwelled then in the land,' cf. xii. 6) 8 f . 10 (omit, 'before Iahveh de-
stroyed Sedom and Gamorah,' which disconnects 'well watered every-
where' from ' like the garden of Iahveh,' and anticipates xix) n a . i2 h ,
which i.^ [ahvistic note ' Iahveh,' xii. 1 . 4. 7 f. xiii. 10 ; 'curse,' xii. 3, cf.
in. 14. 17. iv. 11. v. 29. viii. 31. ix. 25; 'builded an altar unto Iahveh,'
xii. 7 f. cf. viii. 20 ; ' ri^ht hand and left,' xiii. 9, cf. xxiv. 49 ; ' garden
of Iahveh,' xiii. 10, cf. ii. iii ; 'as thou goest unto,' xiii. 10, cf. x. 19.
30) and introduced by the Iahvistic fragment xi. 28 b ~30 ('land of his
nativity,' cf. xxiv. 7 ; ' took them wives,' cf. xxiv. 3 f. 7. 37 f. 40 ;
' Mdkah,' cf. xxiv. 15. 24. 47), is independent of and interrupted by xii.
9-xiii. 1. 3 f, which contains a story told of Abraham and Abimelech in
Elohistic passage xx (pp. 56 ff), but of Iizchak and Abimelech in
the Iahvistic passage xxvi. 0-u (pp. 73 ff). Note, ' a fair woman,' xii.
11. xxvi. 7, and implied in xx ; 'kill,' xii. 12. xx. 4. xxvi. 7; 'what is
this thou hast done,' xii. 18. xx. 9. xxvi. 10 ; 'she is my sister,' xii. 19.
9
10
11
1 j
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
43
Iahvistic.
art my sister : that it may be well with me for thy sake, and
that my soul may live because of thee.' M And it came to pass,
when Abram was come into Mizraiim, the Mizraiimites beheld
the woman that she was very fair. 15 And the princes of Pharaoh
saw her, and praised her to Pharaoh ; and the woman was taken
into Pharaoh's house. 16 And he entreated Abram well for her
sake, and he had sheep and oxen and he-asses and men-servants
and maid-servants, and she-asses and camels. l: Ami Iahveh
plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because
of Sarai, Abram's wife. 18 And Pharaoh called Abram, and said,
' What is this that thou hast done unto me ? why didst thou not
tell me that she was thy wife? "Why said>t thou, She is my
sister, so that I took her to be my wife ? Now therefore behold
thy wife, take her, and go thy way.' 20 And Pharaoh gave men
charge concerning him, and they brought him on his way. and his
wife, and all that he had. ' And Abram went up out of Mizraiim,
he and his wife and all that he had, and Li t with him, into the
South.} 2 And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver,
and in gold. ('And he went on his journey from the South
even to Beth-el, unto the plate where his tent had been at the
beginning, between Beth-el and Hai, 'unto the place ol the altar
which he had made there at the first : and there Abram called on
the name of Iahveh} Wml Lot also, who went with Abram,
had flo ks, and herds, and tents. 7 And there was
,i Btrifi een the herdtncn of A 1 nam's cattle and the
berdmen of Lot's cattle J And the Kenaanite and the
xx. 5. xxvi. 7. The writer of xii. 9 xiii. [. 3 f is apparently an editoi
who, acquainted with xx 'south,' xii. 9. xin. 3. w. 1 ; 'journeyed, 1 xii.
9. xx. 1 ; 'sojourn,' xii. 10. xx. 1 ; Sara] Sarah] taken to the I
harem, xii. 15. xx. 2; and tin- miraculous Intervention, xii. 17. >.
apply ih'- omission in the iahvistic narrative "i any
such incident in thi oi ./ ram : observe that xiii. 3 i returns to the
situation ol mi. 8, and Lot, xii. 4, who dors not appeal m \n. n jo, is
only introduced in xiii. 1 to prepare foi thi reparation at Bethel, 7 ff.
Again, xiii. 14 17 has !■< mi Interpolated : the continuation >>i 1 3
the sin mm oi [4, but the CT3H "jnn^ of 18; 14 I :■ It d by 10,
and 15-17 merely enlaige upon the promise oi xii. i ;,. 7 ; nor il thi
xii
»4
16
l 7
18
19
20
xiii
1
2
3
5
7
44 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
Mil
8
10
i i'
ia b
M
»5
16
'7
18
IV
i
Iahvistic.
Perizzite dwelled then in the land L 8 And Abram said unto
Lot, ' Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me
and thee, and between my herdmen and thy herdmen,
for we are brethren. 9 Is not the whole land before
ihee ? separate thyself, I pray thee, from me : if to the
left hand, then I will go to the right ; or if to the right
hand, then I will go to the left.' 10 And Lot lifted up
his eyes, and beheld all the Plain of the Iarden, that it
was well watered everywhere {before Iahveh destroyed
Sedom and Gamorah} like the garden of Iahveh, like the
land of Mizraiim, as thou goest unto Zoar ; lla and Lot
chose him all the Plain of the Iarden. And Lot jour-
neyed east, 12b and moved his tent as far as Sedom.
13 And the men of Sedom were wicked and sinners
exceedingly before Iahveh {" And Iahveh said unto Abram
after Lot had separated himself from him, 'Lift up now thine
eyes, and look from the place where thou art, north, south, east,
and west : 15 for all the land which thou seest, to thee will I give
it, and to thy seed for ever. lf> And I will make thy seed as the
dust of the earth, that if a man can number the dust of the earth,
then shall thy seed also be numbered. n Arise, walk through the
land in its length and breadth, for unto thee will I give it.' | 18 And
Abram moved his tent, and came and dwelt by the
Oak {s} of Mamre, which is in Chebron, and built there
an altar unto Iahveh. { ' After these things the word of Iahveh
came unto Abram in a vision, saying, ' Fear not, Abram: I am
direction of \~ in the least followed by Abram in 18, who simply con-
tinues his journey south to Chebron by the usunl route of Shechem and
Beth-el. That 13. 18 belong to the Iahvistic narrative, note ' Iahveh';
' moved his tent,' cf. I2 b ; the sacred terebinth ('read jib« with LXX, as
in xviii. 4^ cf. xii. 6 ; ' built an altar unto Iahveh,' cf. xii. 8.
Ch, xv is a difficult passage. In 5 Abram is called to look at the
but in 12 the sun is still up, and does not set before 17, and
nothing is hinted of a change of days ; 3 is superfluous after 2 ; 13-16
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 45
2
3
4
Iahvistic.
thy shield; thy reward shall be exceeding great.' 2 And Abram
said, ' lord Iahveh, what wilt thou give me, seeing I shall
die childless, and the possessor of my house shall be EliezerV
3 And Abram said. 'Behold, to me thou hast given no seed:
and lo, one born in my house is mine heir.'' i And behold,
the word of Iahveh came unto him saying, ' This man shall
not be thine heir, but he that cometh forth from thine own
loins shall be thine heir.' 5 And he brought him forth abrocut,
and said, ' Look now toitard t/x heavens, and tell the stars
if thou be able to tell them : ' and he said unto him, ' So
shall thy seed be.' 6 And he believed in Iahveh, and he counted
it to him for righteousness. I 1 And he said unto him, 'lam
Iahveh that brought thee out of Ur-Kashdim to give thee this land
to inherit it.' s And he said, ' O lord Iahveh, whereby shall I
know that I shall inherit it .' ' 'And he said unto him, ' Take me
an heifer of three years old, and a she-goat of three years old, and
a ram of three years old, and a turtle-dove, and a young pigeon?
10 And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and
laid each half over against the other : but the birds divided he not.
11 And the birds of prey came denvn upon the car, cues, and Abram
drove than away. n And when the sun 1 down, a deep
sleep fell upon Abram ; and, lo, an horror of great darki
upon him ' . I ' : And he said unto Abram, ' Know of
that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theit s. and
shall serve them, and they shall aft/i, t them four hundt ■
disconnect 12 from 17, anticipate [ 8, and give no answer to 8; and the
400 yean in [3 is inconsistent with the return of the ' fourth generation ■
in \f>. The language <>t I en more perplexing. The
hand of a ' Denteronomist ' is apparent in 1 . 'the word oi [ahvefa came
onto' (which occurs nowhi in the Hexateuch, bnl in fi
nily. and in the I >< nti ronomic edition • "i the writings ol thi
1 the lit' Ho t ; Joel L 1 ; Mil 11 ; ' ihield, 1
cf. Dent xxxiii. 29 nowhere else is th< Hea teuch . 1. 8, 'lord
(aedonai iahveh,' cf. Dent. iii. 34, ix. 36 dot In the Hexateuch,
• 1 [saiah 1 L 4 >> , ; 7, ' to give land to po inherii It,' cl Dent xii.
1. xv. 4. xvi. 20. xix. 2. xxi. 1. 13. \\v. 19, xwi. 1 >' 1 B, 'the
great river, the rivei Perath,' c£ Dent i. , , 1 ii 31;
and jo f, the list of hostile tribes, cf. D ut vii t. jul 17. 1
7
8
9
10
1 1
1 2
"3
4 fi PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xv
>4
»5
16
17
[8
19
20
1 1
xvi
2
Iahvistic.
11 and also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge : and
afterward they shall come out with great substance. l: ' But thou
shall go to thy fathers in peace ; thou shalt be buried in a good
old age). ( lc And in the fourth generation they shall come hi titer
again : for the iniquity of the Aemorite is not yet full.') i r 'And it
came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was dark,
behold a smoking furnace and a flaming torch that passed between
these pieces. 18 In that day lahveh made a covenant with Abram,
saying. ' I 'nto thy seed will I give this land, from the river of
Mizraiim unto the great river, the river Perath : 19 the land of the
Kenite and the Kenizzite. and the Kadmonite, ' m and the Chittite,
and the Perizzite, and the Rephaim, *' and the Aemorite, and the
Kenaanite, [and the Chivite], and the Girgashite, and the
lebusite:] } 2 And Sarai said unto Abram, ' Behold now,
lahveh hath restrained me from bearing; go in, I pray
thee, unto [Hagar] my handmaid : it may be I shall
obtain children by her.' And Abram hearkened to the
voice of Sarai, 4 and went in unto Hagar; and she con-
ceived. And when she saw that she had conceived, her
mistress was despised in her eyes. 5 And Sarai said
unto Abram, ' My wrong be upon thee ! I gave my
handmaid into thy bosom ; and when she saw that she
had conceived, I was despised in her eyes : let lahveh
judge betwixt me and thee!' 6 But Abram said unto
xiii. 5. xxiii. 23. xxxiii. 2. xxxiv. 11. Jos. iii. 10. ix. 1. xxiv. 11 —
all Deuteronomic passages. But equally certain are the traces of a
Priestly writer : 4, ' that shall come forth out of thy loins,' cf. xxxv. II.
xlvi. 26. Ex. i. 5 ; 7, ' Ur-Kashdim,' cf. xi. 28. 31 514,' substance,' cf.
xii. =. xiii. 6 ; 15, ' a good old age,' cf. xxv. 8 ; and 9 f shows probable
acquaintance with Lev. i. 17 : the five animals are those of the Levitical
ritual. With 17 f cf. Jer. xxxiv. 18. 20. In 2 the piron Kin appears
to be a gloss on the drraf ktyi/juvou, pco'p. In 21 read nnri'DNi
after ':r:: v>ith i.xx and Sam. There is no evidence that any Iahvistic
material lies at the root of either 1-6 or 7-12. 17 f, and the continuation
of xiii. 7-ii\ 12 1 '. 13. 18 should be sought in xvi. 2.4-7. n-14
" lahveh,' 2. 5. 7. 11. 13 ; ' hearkened to the voice of,' 2, cf. iii. 17 ; cf.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xvi
9
10
1 1
Iahvistic.
Sarai, ' Behold, thy maid is in thy hand ; do to her
what is good in thine eyes/ And Sarai dealt hardly
with her, and she fled from her face. 7 And {the angel of}
Iahveh found her by the fountain of water in the wilder-
ness, by the fountain in the way to Shur. {"And he said,
' Hagar, Sarai's handmaid, whence comest thou ? and whither
goest thou ? ' And she said ' 1 flee from the face of my mistress
Sarai.' 9 And the angel of Iahveh said unto her, ' Return to thy
mi-tress, and submit thyself under her hands.' 10 And the angel of
Iahveh said unto her, ' I will greatly multiply thy seed, that it
shall not be numbered for multitude.'} n And {the angel of}
Iahveh said unto her, ' Behold, thou art with child,
and shalt bear a son ; and thou shalt call his name
"lishma-el" (' El-hearcth '), because Iahveh hath given
ear (shama) to thy affliction. 12 And he shall be a
wild-ass of a man, his hand against everyone, and
ryone's hand against him ; and he shall dwell over
against the face of all his brethren.' "And she called
the name of Iahveh that spake unto her, 'Thou art El
of Seeing' (roi) : for she said, ' Have 1 even Ikk- si en
2 with xi. 305 and note the etymologil -iii 1 1. [3. 14 as in iv. 15, \. JQ.
xi. 9 . For xvi. 1. 3. 15. 16 ee Priestly Hist. Bk., pp. 161 ff. In pite
of 'Iahveh ' in 9. 10 tin- w. 8-10 do not belong t<> thi original lahvi tic
narrative. Observe the bad li1 le of 9-11: 'And the angel oi
Iahveh said ui <y and the angel Of lahwh said unto lui,
10, ... . and the angel of Iahveh said unto In 1 .' 1 1. Say- \\ < llliauscn,
'So hat dei Jahrist, der '■ '■ Erzahlei in der ganzen Bibel, nichl
geschrieben' [Die Cotnposiimn ,/. Hex., p, 20 , li « >■ compare this
narrative of [ishmael's birth in xvi. 2. 4 I4, x.w. iS, with its Etohistu
parallel in xxl S h ■• pp.61 11 1, the important difference will l»c
noted that in the latter story Iisbmael is born before Hagar's expulsion,
and is a hoy with [izchak in the same home ; wh< rea . IJ the ill written
to be regarded as an interpolation, then is nothing in the
Iahvistic story to indicate thai Hshm in Abram's house. In
confirmation of tin., notice how 10 anticipates 11 ; how 9 the com-
1 j
i.?
,s PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xvi
'4
XXV
18
XVI 11
I
Iahvistic.
him that seeth me ! ' M Wherefore the well is called
' Beer-lachai-roi ' ('the well of him living that seeth
me'); behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered. [And
Hagar bare a son in the wilderness, and called his
name ' lishma-el.'] 18 And {they} [he] dwelt from Cha-
vilah unto Shur, that is east of Mizraiim, as thou goest
toward Asshur. Over against the face of all his brethren
was his abode.
'And Iahveh appeared unto {him} [Abram] by the
Oak{s} of Mamre, as he sat in the door of the tent in the
heat of the day. 2 And he lifted up his eyes and looked,
and behold {three men} [a man] stood over against him :
and when he saw {them} [him], he ran to meet {them}
[him] from the tent door, and bowed himself to the
mand to submit to her affliction— hardly agrees with u, — the sympa
thetic announcement that Iahveh has heard her cry ; — and how the stress
on ' multitudes ' coincides with the editorial glosses in xiii. 16. xv. 5. It
seems clear that in the Iahvistic story, Hagar remained in the desert,
and there, by the well of Lachairoi, bore a male child, her desert-son,
Iishmael, who became the father of the wild Arab tribes, xxv. 18 (a
passage which has got separated from its context by the insertion
of parallel matter, and is plainly Iahvistic: note 'Shur' as in xvi. 7;
' as thou goest,' cf. x. 19. 30. xiii. 10 ; and ' against the face of all his
brethren.' cf. xvi. 12; read piD'l, cf. -r:; and restore the omitted
statement of Iishmael's birth . Finally, omit "Ti^O, 'angel,' in 7. 11 :
according to 13 ' Iahveh ' himself spoke to her, and upon this the whole
meaning of 13. 14 depends. It may be due to the editor who inserted
s 10. I'.ut this attempt to smooth down the anthropomorphism of the
old Iahvistic tales is most conspicuous in Chaps, xviii. xix, which have
been very considerably emended. That an editor has interpolated xviii.
17 1 <). 22'' 33* is generally recognised ; but the same or some other
hand seems to have been at work in other parts of the chaps, xviii. xix.
I '. take xviii. 17 19, 22' 33* as our starting point:, the beautiful pas-
sage 22 b -33* can hardly have been written by the author of xviii. 3-8
(where Iahveh washes his feet, and eats Arab fare under a tree ; cf. esp.
-7 , of 20. 21 (where Iahveh talks of visiting Sedom to satisfy his
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
49
Iahvistic.
earth, 3 and said, ' My lord, if now I have found favour
in thine eyes, pass not by, I pray thee, from thy
servant : 4 let now a little water be fetched, and wash
{your} [thy] feet, and rest {yourselves} [thyself] under
the tree : 5 and I will fetch a morsel of bread, and
comfort {ye your} [thou thine] heart ; after that {shall ye}
[shalt thou] pass on : in as much as (ye are} [thou art]
come to {your} [thy] servant.' And {they} [he] said, 'So
do, as thou hast said.' 6 And Abra{/;«}m hastened into
the tent unto Sara {//}[i], and said, 'Make ready quickly
three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes.'
7 And Abra{£«}m ran unto the herd, and fetched a calf
tender and good, and gave it unto the servant ; and he
hastened to dress it. 8 And he took butter, and milk,
and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before
{them} [him], and stood by {them; [him] under the
tree; and I he I did eat. 'And [they] [he] said
unto him, 'Where is >.u\i:/< | i] thy wife?' Ami he said
'Behold, in the tent.' 'And he said, 'I will surely return
untoth. e when the time i omes round: and lo,Sara{A}[i]
thy wife shall have a son.' And Sara{A] l in the
tent door which was behind him. " NowAbra{AaJm and
XV111
3
io
! I
; oi of the villain. u, proposition in xix. x ; and it is curious that
after I '/ will go down to find <ait' whether the cit)
punishment or not. tahveh should remain behind himself, and
be entrt \ though he had a ermined on & verthrow;
.-mil 17 [9— which reveal this decision in [ahveh's mind, an oddlyoutol
I before 20. 21— where [abvefa is distinctly ondi and thus
prepare the way foi Cf. the interpolations xiii. 14 17
wi. 10; and not-- th Denteronomii languag 'kei th< way oi
lahveh'; mm ■.'. justice and judgment, 1 Deut. \i. 1 .
(cf. Deut. xii. -1 11. xix. s 11, etc.) oi 19; and
33" (individual righteousness and happi Deut irii, 9. 10.
xxiv. 16. Jer. xxxi. 2<j. 30. Ilah. i. ia i ; and th prophetic
E
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
Iah viatic.
Sara {//}[i] were old, far gone in days, [and] it had ceased
to be with Sara { A } [i] after the manner of women : 12 and
Sara{A}[i] laughed within herself, saying, 'After I am
waxed old shall I have delight, my husband being old
also?' ,3 And Iahveh said unto Abra{/««}m, 'Wherefore
did Sara{/5 j [i ] laugh, saying, Shall I indeed bear a child
who am old? {" Is anything too hard for Iahveh ?} At the set
time I will return unto thee when the time comes round,
and Sara{A}[i] shall have a son.' 15 And Sara{/*}[i]
denied, saying, ' I laughed not ' : for she was afraid.
But he said, ' Nay, but thou didst laugh.' * *
10 And the {men} [man] rose up
thence, and looked toward Sedom : and Abraham went
with {them} [him] to bring {them} [him] on the way.
["And Iahveh said, 'Shall I hide from Abraham that which
I do, 18 seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and
mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed
in him ? " For I have known him, to the end that he may
command his children and his house after him, that they may
keep the way of Iahveh, to do justice and right, to the end that
Iahveh may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of
reverence in 25 and 27. Also, the opening words of 17, ion mrr,
begin, do not continue a narrative : after 16 we should expect the
run' t:n , i of 20. And not only does 20 continue 16, but 33 b follows
admirably on 22". Now this attempt in xviii. 17-19. 22 b -33 a to soften
the severity of Iahveh towards Sedom, throws light on the rest of
xviii. xix. The communion of Iahveh alone with Abraham, xviii.
** b -33*i 's not unconnected with Iahveh's absence from the very
disagreeable situation of the 'two angels' in xix. 1-17, and his mixed
personality generally throughout the narrative. Nothing is said of
Iahveh rejoining the mysterious ' men,' and yet he is certainly present in
xix. 1 8 ff, and is addressed as if he had been on the scene from the
•inning, and as sole agent in the destruction of the city. It should be
noted (1) that Iahveh is addresssed personally in the singular in xviii. 3
'•my lord'; 'in thy sight'; 'pass thou not by'; 'thy servant');
in xix. 18. 19 ('my lord'; 'thy servant'; 'in thy sight'; 'thou hast
xviii
12
13
M
'5
16
17
18
'9
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. ti
»
Iahvistic.
him.'} 20 And Iahveh said, ' Verily the cry of Sedom
and Gamorah is great, that their sin is very grievous.
21 1 will go down now and see whether they have done
altogether according to [their] cry that has come unto
me ; and if not, I will know.' " And the {men} [man]
turned thence, and went toward Sedom {But Abraham
stood yet before Iahveh. 2S And Abraham drew near, and said,
' Wilt thou also consume the righteous with the wicked? 2 * Per-
adventure there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou
consume and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are
therein ? u That be far from thee to do after this manner, to
slay the righteous with the wicked, that so the righteous should
be as the wicked ; that be far from thee: shall not the Judge of
all the earth do right ? ' "And Iahveh said, 'If I find in Sedom
fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for
their sake.' "And Abraham answered and said, ' Behold now,
I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, who .1111 Inn dnsl
and ashes: "perad venture there shall lack live of the fifty
righteous: wilt thon destroy all the city lor lack of live'' ' And he
said, ' I will not destroy it, if I find there forty and five.' ' And h<
spake unto him yet again, and said, ' Peradventure there shall be
forty found there.' And he said. ' I will not do it for the forty's
sake.' I he said, ' O lei not the I ord be angry, and I will
venture there shall thirty be found there. - "And
he laid, ' I will not do it, if I find thirty there.' And he aid,
B hold HOW, I have taken npOD me tO -1" al. unto the l.,,rd j per
magnified'; 'thy mercy'; 'thou basl shewed';, (a Iahveh
Bally in the lingular in win. 10 ' Anil he aid ' ; ' I will return'
1 \nd Iahveh said ') ; [4 (• I will return ' ; 15 'and he
C Iahveh said',; m r\ will go down'; 'I will ,< r ' ; 'unto me',
• I will know' ; xix. t; 'he said' ; i\ -he aid'; 'I have gladdened';
'I will not overthrow' I cannot until' j and according to the
i.xx in xviii. j 'he said' ; and ., 'he said*). 3 Iahveh is poken of
in the tin rtttar in xviii. 1 c iahveh appeared onto Abram *) ; to 'behind
him'cxi r< [ahveh will destroy the cil 1 ' Iahveh rained upon
.Sedom'i, i, overthrew those cities' , In the face of thi ■■ 1 ence,
is it not highly probable that a pious editor has t r i ■ d in these < ha] h n
to conceal the ' Almighty Judge,' xviii. 15, fol whom nothing il 'too
E 2
xvm
20
21
22
2 3
2S
■'"
3°
3'
5* PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XVlll
32
33
1
Iahvistic. *
adventure there shall be twenty found there.' And he said, 'I
will not destroy it for the twenty's sake.' w And he said, 'O let
not the Lord be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: per-
adventure ten shall be found there.' And he said, ' I will not
destroy it for the ten's sake.' 33 And Iahveh went his way
as soon as he had left communing with Abraham.} And
Abraham returned unto his place. 3 And the {two angels}
[man] came to Sedom at even ; and Lot sat in the
gate of Sedom: and Lot sa\v{them} [him], and rose
up to meet {them} [him], and bowed himself with his
face to the earth, 2 and said, ' Behold now, my lord,
turn aside, I pray {you} [thee], into {your} [thy]
servant's house, and tarry, and wash {your} [thy] feet,
and {you shall} [thou shalt] rise up early and go on
{your} [thy] way.' And {they} [he] said, 'Nay, but in
the street will {we} [I] tarry.' 3 But he urged {them}
[him] greatly, and {they} [he] turned in unto him, and
entered into his house. And he made {them} [him] a
feast, and did bake unleavened bread ; and {they} [he]
did eat. 4 But before {they} [he] lay down, the men of
the city, {even the men of Sedom} compassed the house
round, both young and old, all the people from every
5 I quarter, "and called unto Lot, and said unto him,
wonderful,' 14" a gloss in the spirit of 22'' ff), behind 'three men ' and
'angels'? and that in the original story Iahveh alone ■mas mentioned!
I therefore venture to restore tt>'N in xviii. 2 ; t'Nn in 16. 22. xix. 1. 5.
8. 10. 1 -•. 15. 16; and the corresponding inflections; and to strike out
'three' in xviii. 2 ; ' Is anything too hard for Iahveh?' 14' 1 ; 'two
angels,' xix. 1 ; 'even the men of Sedom,' 4 ; 'because the cry of them
is waxen great before Iahveh' fcf. xviii. 20) 'and Iahveh hath sent us
^roy it' contradicted by 21. 22. 24. 25) in 13; 'and upon the
hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters' note 'and
brought him forth ') ' Iahveh being merciful unto him ' 1 of same nature
as xviii. 14", interrupts i6" c , and the occasion of the omission of i6 c in
the i.xx in 16 ; and ' to the place where he had stood before Iahveh'
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 53
Iahvistic.
' Where {are the men} [is the man] who came in to thee
this night? bring {them} [him] out unto us that we
may know {them} [him].' 6 And Lot went out to them
to the door, and shut the inner-door behind him : 7 and
he said, ' Do not, my brethren, I pray you, do wickedly :
8 behold now, I have two daughters who have not
known man ; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto
you, and do ye unto them as is good in your eyes :
only unto {these men } [this man] do nothing, inasmuch
as [they are} [he is] come under the shadow of my
roof.' B But they said, 'Stand back;' and they said, 'This
fellow came in to sojourn, and will needs be a judge !
Now, (said they) we will deal with thee worse than with
{them} [him]': and they pressed sore upon the man,
even Lot, and drew near to break down the door.
10 But the {men} [man] put forth {their] [his] hand,
and drew Lot unto [them] | him] into the house, and
shut to tin.- door: "and [they} [he] smote the men at
the door of the house with blindness, both small and
thai they wearied themselves to find the door.
'•'And the {men} [man] said unto Lot, 'Hast thou here
any beside? [thy] son[s]-in-law, [and thy sons}, and thy
XIX
10
1 :
(cf. xviii. -•-■ in 27. Read in xviii. 1 c-iaub; and p^H3 with 1 X
ym in 4. 8 ; and cf. sii. 6 ; in u >ini with LXX ; In 11 Dnp»33fi with
In xix. 12 "pnnfoi "pai jnn with ixx ; in 15 ms with lxx [in 17
inn; in 7,7 SHio '51 'k 'n '3HO ioh^ 'o with lxxj and iii 38^010 'm,
■ •:;-•: toi«b pos with lxx. From t!i<- parallel account ol a promise
on to Sarai In the Prii Hist Bk.,< ren. svik t6 [9 ee p
following the change ol Abram's name to 'Abraham,' svii. 5, a
Sarai'i to 'Sarah,' xvii. 15, we ihonld aftei icviii. 1= a corre-
■ponding change of names. Therefor) I have restored ' Vbram' and
1 Sami' in xviii. 1 [5 as in ivi and preceding Iahvistii 1
The continuation >.i xviii. xi\ (in if 1 original form, lahvi tic: note
' Iahveh 'pat im ; 'Oak ol Mamie,' xviii. 1. cf. siil t8; 'lifted up bis
54 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xiz
•3
14
15
j6
17
18
•9
20
21
Iahvistic.
daughters, and whomsoever thou hast in the city, bring
them out of the place, 13 for {we} [I] will destroy this
place { because the cry of them is waxen great before Iahveh,
and Iahveh hath sent us to destroy it}. H And Lot went
out, and spake unto his sons-in-law, who should marry
his daughters, and said, ' Up, get you out of this place,
for Iahveh will destroy the city.' But he seemed
unto his sons-in-law as one that mocked. ,6 And as
the morning arose the {angels} [man] hastened Lot,
saying, ' Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters
who are here, [and depart,] lest thou be consumed in
the wickedness of the city.' 16 And as he lingered,
the {men} [man] laid hold upon his hand, [and upon the
hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters;
Iahveh being merciful unto him}, and brought him forth,
and set him without the city. " And it came to
pass when {they} [he] had brought {them} [him] forth
abroad, that he said, ' Escape for thy life ; look not
behind thee ; neither stay thou in all the plain ; escape
to the mountains lest thou be consumed.' 18 And Lot
said unto {them} [him], 'O not so, my lord : 19 behold
now, thy servant hath found favour in thine eyes, and
thou hast magnified thy mercy which thou hast shewed
me in saving my life ; but I am not able to escape
to the mountains, lest the evil overtake me and I die :
20 behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is
little : O let me escape thither, a little place, thou
knowest, that my soul may live.' 21 And he said unto
him, ' See, I have favoured thee in this thing also,
<*yes,' 2, cf. xiii. 10 ; ' find favour in the eyes of,' 3. xix. 19, cf. vi. 8) is
to be sought, not in xx, but in xxi. 1". 2". 7 : note ' Iahveh' ; ' conceived
and bare,' cf. iv. 1. 17. xvi. 4 ; ' in his old age,' 2". 7, cf. xviii. 11. 12.
supply ' and called his name " Iizchak " ' in 2 a , in accordance with xviii.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 55
Iahvistic.
that I will not overthrow the city which thou hast
spoken of. 22 Haste thee, escape thither, for I cannot
do anything till thou be come thither.' Therefore was
the name of the city called ' Zoar ' (' littleness '). M The
sun rose on the earth as Lot came unto Zoar : u and
Iahveh rained upon Sedom and upon Gamorah, brim-
stone and Iahveh-fire out of the heavens ; " 5 and he
overthrew those cities, and all the plain, all the in-
habitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the
ground. M But his wife looked back from behind him,
and she became a pillar of salt. '■' And Abraham
got up early in the morning {to the place where he had
stood before Iahveh}, 2s and looked toward Sedom arid
Gamorah, and toward all the land of the plain, and
beheld ; and lo, the smoke of the land went up like
the smok<: of a furnace. "And Lot went up out of
/ ar, and dwelt in the mountains, and his two daughters
with him: for In- feared to dwell al Zoar: and be
dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters. 'And the
firstborn said unto the younger, • Our father is old,
and there is nol a man in the land to come in unto
us after the mannei oi all the earth: come, lei us
make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him
that we may keep alive seed by our father.' "And
they made their lather drink wine that night: and
ih- i] n went in, and lay with her fathei ; and be
knew no! when she lay down, nor when she aro
'And it came to pass on the morrow, that the first-
XIX
22
2.3
H
25
26
27
2S
30
31
3*
33
.'.!
12-15, cf. ' v - '7- -'. ] xxi - '''• • I Hist. Bk. p 166
In xx. i— 17. xx i. 6 j 1 . -'j 31*. xxii. ii.',. [9 we come upon a group <>l
in, iv 11 < '.1 ill' divine name '/•/.>////«'
(XX. 3. 6. II. 13. 17. XXL 6. I J. I". KJ. 20. 22. 23. xxii I 3 S. O, 12;
'Elohira.' in xxii. 11, ■• ■ pp. 60 11 , but with none oi the
s6
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xix
XX
I
35
3<S
37
38
Iahvistic.
born said unto the younger,
' Behold, I lay yesternight
with my father: let us make
him drink wine this night
also ; and go thou in, and
lie with him, that we may
keep alive seed by our
father.' 35 And they made
their father drink wine that
night also; and the younger
arose, and lay with him ;
and he knew not when she
lay down, nor when she
arose. sc Thus were both
the daughters of Lot with
child by their father. 37 And
the firstborn bare a son,
and called his name 'Moab':
[saying, ' By my father '
(moabi) ' is he']: the same
is the father of the sons of
Moab until this day. " 8 And
the younger, she also bare
a son, and called his name
['Ammon': saying,] ' The
son of my people' (ami)
[' is he '] : the same is the
father of the sons of Am-
mon until this clay.
Elohistic.
1 And Abraham journeyed
[from thence} toward the
land of the South, and
dwelt between Kadesh and
Shur ; and he sojourned in
Gerar. 2 And when Abra-
ham said of Sarah his wife,
' She is my sister,' then
Abimelech, king of Gerar,
sent and took Sarah. 3 But
Elohim came to Abimelech
in a dream by night, and
said to him, ' Behold, thou
art as a dead man, be-
cause of the woman which
thou hast taken ; for she
is a man's wife.' 4 But
Abimelech had not come
near her : and he said,
' My lord, wilt thou slay
even a righteous people ?
5 Did he not himself say
unto me, She is my sis-
ter, and she, even she
herself, say, He is my
brother? In the integ-
rity of my heart, and the
innocency of my hands
have I done this.' 6 And
peculiar features of the Priestly Hist. Bk. The interest and liveliness
of the narrative stamp it at once as more akin to the Iahvistic than to
the Priestly I list. Bk., and its contents are parallel to much that has
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 57
xx
Elohistic.
Elohim said unto him in the dream, 'Yea, I know
tliat in the integrity of thy heart thou hast done this,
and so I also withheld thee from sinning against me :
therefore suffered I thee not to touch her. 7 Now
therefore restore the man's wife, for he is a prophet,
and he shall pray for thee, and thou shalt live: but it
thou restore her not, know that thou shalt surely die,
thou and all that are thine.' 8 And Ahimelech rose
• ally in the morning, and called all his servants, and
told all these things in their ears: and the men were
sore afraid. "Ahimelech called Abraham, and said
unto him, 'What hast thou done unt<> us, and wherein
have [ sinned against thee, that thou hast brought on
been, or has yet to fie told, in the Iahvistic document. The Priestly
Hist. He. says nothing of Ilagar's expulsion (xvii. 23. xxv. 9 . niul gives
Iishmael's years as 14 when Iizchak was born xvi. 16. xvii. 25. wi. g ,
an age which the story in xxi. 8-2] will not admit. There, he is a child
of 4 or 5, older than Iizchak who was weaned at the latest at j 1 years
(a Maccabees rii. 27 , small enough to be carried on his mother's
shoulder, 1.1. cast under a shrub,' 15, and 'lifted up in the
arms,' i s. fa 14. 15, 16 he is called a ' child 1 -1 v , and the -nnitiov of
the i. xx throughout (not it* - in xxii. 5. 1 j indicates that in 1 -.
19. 20 -iv has be< n altered into -••:: ' lad' to make the narrative
fit better its present position after wi. x\ii. 25. xxi. 5. Similarly the
beautiful verse 14 has 1 . angrammatical, and the stati ment
red thai Abraham lifted the child on to rlagar's Bhoulder
with i.xx ''n"nM 'c-- Dto'i ; the last words oi 9 lxx: nm
■k tou vlov alrrfji bav< been omitted to give rn-ji the
uf 'mock'; and in 16 a slight cham
the cry of the child cf, 17 to the mot! I with LXX rfc - "'
■|a»l V-p-.-x -i-'-t . Note the inti rpolation >>i the "Tubo 1
as in xvi. xviii. xix : thi I m 18 must 1' ' Elohim,' who Is alone
mentioned in 12. i;\ 19, jo. In 17 ..1 [9 we bould exp<
londing tf» the naming "t 1 1 in xvi. n, The
can only 1" ' as an Elohistic parallel to the Iahvistic
passage xvi. 2.4 7. 1 1 1 1. and may have been ini lud< d in the compila<
58 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
10
1 1
I 2
•3
14
15
16
Elohistic.
me, and on my kingdom a great sin 1 Thou hast done
until me as no man doeth.' 10 And Abimelech said
unto Abraham, ' What hast thou perceived, that thou
hast done this tiling?' "And Abraham said, 'Verily,
I thought, Surely the fear of Elohim is not in this
place, and they will slay me for my wife's sake. ]2 But
yel is she indeed my sister, my father's daughter,
though not my mother's daughter; and she became
my wife. "And it came to pass when Elohim caused
me to stray forth from my father's house, that I said
unto her, This is thy favour that thou wilt show unto
me ; at every place whither we shall come, say of me,
He is my brother.' "And Abimelech took sheep and
oxen, and menservants and womenservants, and gave
them unto Abraham, and restored him Sarah his wife.
10 And Abimelech said, ' Behold, my land is before thee :
dwell where it pleaseth thee.' Jc And unto Sarah he said,
' Behold, I have given thy brother a thousand pieces
of silver : behold, it is for thee, a covering of the eyes
to all that are with thee : and before all men are thou
tion (Introd. p. a), because it differs in several essential particulars.
Instead of being born in the desert (xvi. IX. xxv. 18), Iishmael is
expelled with his mother; and instead of being named ' El-IIeareth '
because of Ilagar's affliction being heard (xvi. n), he is so named in
consequence of his own cry (xxi. 17). But that the stories are parallel
versions is clear from the incidents of Sarah's jealousy and complaint to
Abraham xvi. 4. 5 and xxi. 10) ; Ilagar's flight into the wilderness
(xvi. 7 and xxi. 14); the well (xvi. 7 and xxi. 19); the etymology of
IishmacTs name (xvi. 11 and xxi. 17 , and his wild desert life (xvi. 12.
xxv. 18 and xxi. 20. 21). The fragment xxi. 6, which is parallel to xxi.
7, belongs to the story 8-21 : note the different derivation of Iizchak's
name from ' Zaehak,' to laugh : in xvii. 17, the Priestly Hist. Bk., he is
so named because his father laughed at the promise of a son ; in xviii.
10 ff, the Iahvistic nanative, because his mother laughed at the promise
of a son ; but here, because his mother laughed when she bore a son.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
59
Elohistic.
righted.' 17 And Abraham prayed to Elohim : and Elohira
healed Abimelech, and his wife and his maidservants,
80 that they bare {For Iahveh had fast closed up all the
wombs of the house of Abimelech, because of Sarah, Abraham's
wife J. "And {it came to pass at that time} Abimelech
|and Phikol, the captain of his host} sjiake unto Abraham
saying, 'Elohim is with thee in all that thou doest:
"now therefore swear unto me here by Elohim that
thou wilt not deal falsely with me, nor with my off-
spring, nor with my posterity: but according to the
kindness that 1 have done unto thee, thou shalt do
unto me, and to the land wherein thou hast sojourned.'
24 Aid Abraham said, c l will swear.' '-' 'But Abraham
reproved Abimelech because of a well of water which
the servants of Abimelech had violently taken away.
"•And Abimelech said, ' I wot not who hath done this
thing: neither didsi thou tell me, neither yet beard
I ol it until to-day.' "And Abraham took Bheep and
m. and gave them onto Abimelech, and thej two
XX
XXI
22
23
■H--!5
27
Also note ' Elohim.' Similarly xx. i 17 and its continuation xxi ia-3i"
form an Elohistic parallel o> xxvi. 7-33 with Abraham as hero instead
oflizchak: note Gerai uc 1. 2 and xxvi. 7); Abimelech (xx 1 u and
xxvi. 8 fif); the tame incident of a wife taken foi a sister; the ^\<n<-
straggle fur the well (xxi. 25 and xxvi. 20,, ami the derivation ol the
name ' B 1 heba' (xxi. 30 and xxvi 33). Moreovel cf. XX. 1 with
xxvi. 7; xx. 9 with xxvi. 10; xx. [4 with KZvL 14; Kxi. :j with xxvi
and xxi. 23 with xxvi. 20.. Noi IS thi re any place l"i XX. ] 17 KxL
22-7,1" in the Priestl) Hi t. r.k. : the takin ^bimelech'sjl
harem is even more ridiculous after xvii. 17 than after xviii. n. is j mirj
is there any sign in th Pi 11 thai Abraham 1 yed at-*
1 ii ■ ba. '1 1 ■ . is, • Foi [ahvi ii had fa 1 closed ap
all the wombs of the house of Abimelech I ol Sarah, Abraham's
wife/ betrays it-.'lf as a gloss on 17 b) thi use "i thi name 'Iahveh.'
lie- strong resembuu en xxi. 22 31*. and xxvi. [9 33 has led to
alterations in both. In xxi. 22, ' and Phikol the captain "l his l""t ' t>>
(k> prophetic history book.
XXI
a8
a 9
30
31
32
34
Elohistic.
made a covenant. 2g And Abraham set seven ewe lambs
of the flock by themselves. 29 And Abimelech said
unto Abraham, ' What mean these seven ewe lambs
which thou hast set by themselves 1 ' s0 And [Abraham]
said, ' These seven ewe lambs shalt thou take of my
hand, that it may be a witness unto me that I have
digged this well.' 31 Wherefore he called that place
'Beer-sheba' ('well of seven') {because there they sware
both of them ; 32 and they made a covenant at Beer-sheba. And
Abimelech rose up, and Phikol the captain of his host and they
returned into the land of the Pelishtim. 3 *And Abraham
which the i.xx adds ' Achuzzath his friend') has probably crept in from
xxvi. 26; note the singular, ion'1, and throughout, 'unto me,' 'with
me,' etc. ; cf. the plural, ' ye,' ' they,' ' we,' etc. in xxvi. 26 ff. 3i h is
also a gloss: the well is named ' Sheba,' not from ' Shibah, to swear,'
as in xxvi. 33, but from ' Sheba, seven,' as in 28-30 ; and ' Phikol, the
captain of his host,' 32, and ' the land of the Pelishtim,' 32. 34, prove
acquaintance with xxvi. 19-33, to which xxi. 33 (note ' Iahveh '; omit
the gloss DbiN ■>») with Iizchak as its subject, would form a fitting con-
clusion.
Chap. xxii. 1-13. 19 is a fragment of the same Elohistic narrative as
xx. 1-17. xxi. 6. 8-31" (note ' Elohim ' ; and the dream, 1-3, as in xx.
3. 8. xxi. 12. 14; the voice from the skies, 11, as in xxi. 17; and cf. 13
with xxi. 19) but has no parallel in the Iahvistic document. Read
nOHTl in 2: the name 'Moriah' occurs only elsewhere in the late
ii. iii. 1, where it doubtless means Mount Zion ; but here the mountain
is not named, 2 1 ', and the expression ' land of Zion' is meaningless; and
three days journey from Beersheba would bring Abraham much farther!
north than Jerusalem — to Shechem, or some other Israelite sanctuary.j
Abundant traces of this Elohistic narrative appear in the Ilexateuch, and
from one interesting fragment, Ex. iii. 1 1 — 15 (ef. the Priestly parallel,
Ex. vi. 2-9, pp. 151 f ) we gather the writer's opinion that Moses
introduced the divine name Iahveh. This will explain not only the
exclusive use of the name Elohim in the passages above (and in all the
Elohistic passages in Genesis) but a marked religious tinge, — in the
story of Abraham's sacrifice (the view that Elohim was content with
man's willingness to offer his firstborn), in the revelation by dreams, the
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 61
xxi
10
1 1
12
Elohistic.
sojourned in the land of the Pelishtim many days J- *
* 6 And Sarah said. ' Elohini hath made
me to laugh; everyone that heareth will laugh with
me.' 8 And the child grew, and was weaned ; ami
Abraham made a great feast the day that Iizchak was
weaned. 'And Sarah saw the sun of Hagar the
Ifizraiimitess, which she had borne unto Abraham,
playing [with her son Iizchak]. 10 \\'herefore she said
unto Abraham, ' Cast out this bondwoman and her
son : lor tin- Bon of this bondwoman shall not be lair
with my son, even with Iizchak.' "And the thing
was \. ry grievous in Abraham's sight on account of
his sun. '-And Elohim Baid unto Abraham, 'Let it
not he grievous in thy sight because of the {lad]
[child], and because of thy bondwoman: in all that
Sarah Baith onto thee, hearken unto ber voice; for in
r of pray ; 17 , the prophetic character given to Abraham
(xx. 7. xxi. 21 , and in the ceremony of th< it ud. 38 . In
xxii. I repent cm;n with \.\\ as in 11, ami read with I.XX ins- in 1 .',
->m. Chap. xxii. i( [8 is ".,t Elohistii note 'Iahveh,' [4. \~.
16 ; the loose connecting link, 'called onto Abraham a Becond tin
Lot wa d from him,' xiii. 1 1, an' I similai interpolations in
I v. 2. i Sam. w. 14; th( a numbers, 17, cf. xiii. 14 17. xv. 5.
xvi. 10. xviii. 17-19 and mi I to the compiler, who wove thi
1 and Elohistic nan Vophetu History Book p. a ,
! . 'Mount ol iahveh' foi Mount Zion marks him
! 1 and the probable author ittempl in - to transplant
Abrah d of faith from tome North Israelite shrine to Jerusalem.
His also m in 15 wh nee the mrr '0 in tx), and
xvi. 8 10 and allied pa I lly, to fun 01 ome othei interpo
latoi mi; ■ ; inuation kxv. i 6 l note
' begat,' 'com abine,' ' whose name was,' and ' beai onto,' in both li
li belongs oeithei to the Priestly Hi 1 ; Sheba
and Dedan arc derived hen- from iokshan, ion oi Abraham, utv. .!. n<>t
from Kaamah, sun of Kush as in •.. 7; and 1 6 hardly agrees with
6a PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK
13
>4
»5
16
'7
18
Elohistic.
[iz'chak shall thy seed be named. ]3 And also of the
son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, because
lie is thy seed.' 14 And Abraham rope up early in the
morning, and took bread and a skin of water, and pave
it unto Hagar, and set [the child] upon her shoulder,
and sent her away. And she departed, and wandered
in the wilderness of Beer-sheba. 15 And the water
in the skin was spent. And she cast the child under
one of the shrubs, ]6 and went and sat her down over
against him a good way off, as it were a bowshot: for
she said, ' Let me not look upon the death of [my]
child.' And as the sat down over against him, [the
child] raised his voice, [and cried out]. "And Elohim
heard the voice of the {lad} [child]. And {the angel of}
Klohini called to Hagar out of the heavens, and said
unto her, ' What aileth thee, Hagar 1 Fear not, for
Elohim hath heard the voice of the {lad} [child] in the
place where he is. 18 Arise, lift up the {lad} [child],
xxv. 9), nor to the Iahvistic narrative (Sheba, 3, Asshur, 3, Iokshan or
Ioktan, 3, and Chanok. 4, are differently derived in x. 28. x. 11. x. 25
and iv. 17), and there is no evidence that it belongs to the Elohistic
document. Rather is it a gloss to supplement Abraham's family, and so
fulfd the repeatcl promises in xiii. 16. xv. 5. xvi. 10. xviii. 18. xxii. 17.
For xxiii sec Priestly Hist. Bk. (pp. 166 ff). When the redactor,
who interwove the Priestly and Prophetic (p. 3 f ) History Books (pp. 4.7)
inserted this chapter here, relating Sarah's death, he reserved xxv. 1-6
to reintroduce tin- death of Abraham in xxv. 7-11". 12-17, an( l connect
it with xxiv. which he modified. There is strong evidence that xxiv
(which is Iahvistic: note ' Iahveh ' throughout ; cf. 4-8 with xii. 1-3.
7; 10. 15 with xi. 29; 36 with xviii. 11—15. xx '- ltt - 2<t - 7! Ribkah,
fair to look upon, 16, prepares the way for xxvi. 7 ff, and her marriage
with lizchak for xxv. 21 ff; 'old and far gone in days,' 1, cf. xviii. 11)
originally recorded Abraham's death. No mention is made of him
again in the Iahvistic narrative, and xxiv. 1-9 is a death-bed scene; cf.
xlvii. 29-31 ; and note Abraham's great age, 1 ; his sickness, anxiety,
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 63
TT l
'9
20
21
X\ll
I
Elohistic.
and hold him in thy hand : for I will make him a
great nation.' w And Elohini opened her eyes, and she
saw a well of water; and she went, and fdled the skin
with water, and gave the {lad} [child] drink. [And
she called his name ' Iishma-el ' ; for she said ' El hath
heard ' (shama) ' him '.] 20 And Elohim was with the
I lad} [child], and he grew; and he dwelt in the
wilderness, and hecame an archer. "And he dwelt in
the wilderness of Paran ; and his mother took him a
wife out of the land of Mi/.raiim.
l And it came to pass after these things thai Elohim
did prove Abraham : and lie said unto him, 'Abraham,
[Abraham']; and he Baid, 'Here am I.' -'And be saidj
'Take now thy son, thine only son. whom tlmu Invest,
even [izchak, and get thee into the land of {Moriah]
[the Aemorite], and offer him there for a hurnl
offering upon one of the mountains which 1 will tell
thee of. And Abraham rose up early in the morning,
and Baddled lii- ass, and took two of bis young men
and oath, 2. 3; hii beqw t of all to [izchak, 36; [izchak's return
- r >-'. bii lam mto 1 *, cf. Ps h 3. 18. cxlii. 3. Job vii.
11. 13. Prov. sxiii. iq) in the field, 63, an. I his c fori m Ribkah.
Nothing is said of Sarah (in 67 the article in rr'jnHn, stat con t, >
inexplicable unless we regard the following ion m to as agio from the
margin, lee the lxx), and we may safely conjecture, with Wellhausen,
that til n p.6a hasomitti d the rtati men) ol Abraham*! death after
61, and altered i»m al the end ol 67 into ion overlooking the fact that
be thus representi [izchak a, mourning for his mothei 1;, or i|
cf. xvii. 1-. xxiii. 1 and xxv. 20 : and contrast I . religious tone
of this chapter is conspicuously more spiritual than oi some of the
in the lahvi ip cf. li t'' iv. vi 1 ft viii. 10 - -• si 1 9,
xviii. xix), but the highly monothi istic expri ssions, [ahveh ' the < »od of
the heavens and the God oi the earth,' 3, and ' the ' rod ol the hi ■ •■■
; probably later additions ; cf. xviii ic in 7 th ■ luperflnous words
' and who swarc unto mc ' must be assigned to the com] ilei "f ' IE' (pp.
64 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xx 11
Elohistic.
with him, and Iizchak his son ; and he clave the wood
for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went unto the
place til' which Elohim had told him. 4 On the third
day Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the place afar
off. °And Abraham said unto his young men, 'Abide
ye here with the ass, and I and the lad will go yonder;
and we will worship, and come again to you.' 6 And
Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering, and laid
it upon Iizchak his son ; and he took in his hand the
fire and the knife; and they went both of them
together. 7 And Iizchak spake unto Abraham his
father, and said, 'My father'; and he said, ' Here am
I, my son.' And he said, ' Behold, the fire and the
wood : but where is the lamb for a burnt offering 1 '
8 And Abraham said, ' Elohim will provide himself the
lamb for a burnt offering, my son.' And they went
both of them together. 9 And they came to the place
which Elohim had told him of: and Abraham built
2.62) who alone speaks of 'swearing,' xxii. 16 ; and restore from 40
-p-n rvbs 1 in place of "7 iDN^o 'it- : the 'angel' does not appear,
whereas ' a prosperous way ' is the one thing prayed for, and looked for
in the omen, and for which Abraham's servant thanks Iahveh, 12-14. 2I -
27. 40. 42-44. 48. 56. Tn 10 -[^n is out of place before -jb'T Dp'i : read
with the lxx _ ^301. In 22 restore with the Sam. HEN'bN cc'i after
ibptfo ; replace 22 1 ' after 25 (cf. 47) and 23 1, after 24; and read with
the LXX bM-c- , i before TDK'1 in 23 : required after the pause 21. 22° and
before the definite question that follows. In 27 read^rm with the LXX.
Restore the right order 29". 30". 29A 30°. Add i", at the beginning of
31 from the LXX; ami read n;n in 32, thus keeping the same subject
all through, and cbm in 33 with the LXX. In 36 read iri3pl with the LXX;
cf. xviii. 11. xxi. _' . -. Omit inn iDwba nbc' in 40: seeon 7. In 54
read Dp'l with i.xx. After 61" add ' And they came to Chebron. And
Abraham was dead' pp. 62 f). 6i b is out of place after 59-61", and
should follow 62 : add pnS'b. In 62 read -i2io _, JN format (cf. lxx) :
cf. XXV. II 1 '.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 65
xxii
10
1 1
1 .'
13
Elohistic.
the altar there, and laid the wood in order, and bound
lizehak his son, and laid him on the altar, upon the
wood. 10 And Abraham stretched forth his hand, and
took the knife to slay bis son. "But {the angel of
Iahveh} [Elohim] called unto him from the heavens,
and said, 'Abraham, Abraham'; and he said, ' Here
am I. 'Anil he -aid, 'Lay not thine hand upon the
tad, neither do thou anything unto him; for now I
know thou fearest Elohim s seeing thou basl Qoi with-
held thy son, thine only sun, from me.' ' And Abraham
lifted up Ins eyes, and looked, and behold {behind},
a ram caughl in the thicket by his horns: and
Abraham went, and took the ram, and offered him up
tor a 1 uii.t offering in the stead of bis son. ["And
Abraham called the name of that place ' Iahveh-Iireh ' : as it is
said to this day, 'In the mount of Iahveh will he provi
'Hi • ii " ' I the angel of Iahveh called unto Abraham a
ond time from the heavens, ""'anil said, 'By myself have I
■rn,' saith Iahveh, 'because then hast done this thing, and
hast not withheld thy son, thine only son: "that in blessing]
will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the
star-, of the heavens, and as the sand which i^ upon the
ihore ; and thy the gat< oi hi 1 1 m rnieg .
Fox xxv. 7 11'. ia 17. 10. 20. a6 b . xxvi. 34. 35, ee Pri< itlj Hi
I'.ook, pp. lOSf. xxv. 2i .''1". -'7 ;, 1 is out ol place before xxvi. 1 33
mly should xxvi. 7. s pre. .. 27 (Ribkah, aftei a period oi
sterility, the mother of grown-u] v. 2 1 follows well on xxvi.
33 (lizehak and Ribkah inqui ; hveh at the famous in me m
heba, Amo » 5. viil. t\ sometime the oracle may have
more thnn a n ' 01 ' No, 1 and given rhythmically as In xxi
and xxvii which follows badly on xx\i is a natural continuation oi
-■I .vi. This ordei is confirmed by the peculiarly composifa chai
of xxv. 21 20". 27 34, xxvii, 1 I.-. A [ahvi tii narrative, xxv. 21 15*,
iy 26". 27. 2S note 'Iahveh,' ai. jj; 'barren,' ji, cf. xi. 30; 'con«
ceived,' 21, cf. Iv. I. 17. xvi. 4. xxi. 2 xxvii. 1". 2 S\ <,''. 10. 1 )''. Ij, 17.
18*. io b . 20. 25. 11 mllar lines in Iv. 13. 14 be i«
1
14
IS
16
66 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
IS
•9
20
21
22
23
24
XXV
I
5
6
Elohistic.
18 and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, in
that thou hast obeyed my voice.'} l9 And Abraham re-
turned unto his young men, and they rose up, and went
together to Beer-sheba ; and Abraham dwelt at Beer-
sheba. {-""And it came to pass after these things, that it was
told Abraham, saying, Behold, Milkah, she also hath borne
children unto thy brother Nachor ; " Uz his firstborn, and Buz
his brother, and Kemuel the father of Aram ; 22 and Kesed, and
Chazo, and Pildash, and Iidlaph, and Bethuel ; 23 and Bethuel
begat Ribkah. These eight did Milkah bear to Nachor,
Abraham's brother. 24 And his concubine whose name was
Reumah, she also bare Tebach, and Gacham, and Tachash, and
Maakah. 'And Abraham took another wife whose name was
Keturah. 2 And she bare him Zimran, and Iokshan, and Medan,
and Midian, and Iishbak, and Shuach. 3 And Iokshan begat
Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were the Asshurim,
and Letushim, and Leummim. 4 And the sons of Midian
were Ephah, and Epher, and Chanok, and Abidah, and Eldaah.
All these were the sons of Keturah. 5 And Abraham gave
all that he had unto Iizchak [his son.] 6 But unto the sons of
the concubines, which Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts ; and
he sent them away from Iizchak his son, while he yet lived,
eastward, unto the east country].
60. xxv. 23; cf. xii. 3. Nos. xxiv. 9) 30" (cf. xxiv. 15. 19. 22. 45) 30 c .
3»- 33- 34- 37-4 2 - 43 c - 44"- 45 (' Iahveh,' 7. 20. 27; 'send me good
speed,' 20, cf. xxiv. 12; and note that Iizchak is here deceived by the
smell of Esav's clothes, 15. 26. 27) has been interspersed with fragments
of an Elohistic parallel, xxv. 25'' ('all over like a garment of hair,'
' Sear,' identifying E^av with Mount ' Seir,' cf. xx vii. 1 1 . 23, is out of place
after 'admoni,' 'ruddy,' which identifies Esav with 'Edom') 29-34
'where the name 'Edom' is derived from the red colour of the lentils
and not of the infant Esav's skin, 25", and the name ' Iakob' from the
'over-reaching,' cf. xxvii. 36, in the matter of the birthright) xxvii. i b .
8 b . 9". 11-14". J 6- i8 b . 19". 21-24. 3° 1 '- 3 2 - 35- 3^- 43 b - 44 b (' My son . . .
Here am I,' i 1 ', ' My father . . . Here am I,' 18'', cf. xxii. 1. 7. 1 1 ; and
note that Iizchak is here deceived by the touch of the skins of the kids,
9*. 11-13. 16. 21-24). The meal in 25, and the doubt in 26, are out of
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 67
xxi
Iahvistic.
la And Iahveh visited Sarah as he had said. 2a And
Sarah conceived and bare Abraham a son in his old age,
[and called his name ' Iizchak ']. 7 And she said, ' Who
would have said unto Abraham that Sarah should give
suck ? for I have borne him a son in his old age.' * xxiv
1 And Abraham was old, far gone in days ; and
Iahveh had blessed Abraham in all things. 2 And
Abraham said unto his servant, the elder of his house,
who ruled over all that he had, ' Put, I pray thee, thy
hand under my thigh : 3 and I will make thee swear by
Iahveh {the God of the heavens and the God of the earth J that
thou shalt not take a wife for my son of the daughters
of the Kenaanite in whose midst I dwell : * but to my
land and to my kindred shalt thou go, and take a wife
for my son Iizchak [thence.' ] 'And the servant said unto
him, ' Peradventure the woman be not willing to follow
me unto this land : must I needs bring thy son again
unto the land whence thou earnest?' 'And Abraham
d unto him, 'Beware that thou bring not my son
thither again ; 7 Iahveh | the God ol the heaveni | who took
me from my father's house, and from the land of mj
nativity, and who spake unto me {and who ■ware onto mej
saying, Unto thy seed will I give this land ; [he shall » ad
ingel before thee J [he shall make thy way to prosper],
and thriu shalt take a wile for my SOI) thenOS. "And If
the woman be not willing to follow thee, tb n thou
; after the bleating in j.V'; 27" bringi ol do farther than -.','. and
similarly 37 do farther than 34 ; jo* uj a dooblel of 30", and 45" "I 44'
As 24 is out of place after 23, and 25 which continue! 20. cannot follow
23, rearrange thus : 21. 22". 24. n h . ;->,. [a XXV. »ton
Ni*m as in [v. I. 25. xvi. 11. In xxvii. 27 add N 1 ;^ 'c with I
etc.; and in 37 add 'n*i with t.w. In xxvi, which therefore
its right place between xxiv. '17. xxv. ii 1 ' ef. xxiv. 62, and XXV, 21 II.
P 2
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXIV
10
i i
1 2
M
'?
[6
1-
Iahvistic.
shalt be clear from this my oath ; only thou shalt not
bring my son thither again.' 9 And the servant put his
hand under Abraham his master's thigh, and sware to
him concerning this thing. 10 And the servant took ten
camels, of the camels of his master, {and departed}, and
of all the goodly things of his master in his hand : and
he arose, and went to Aram of the two Rivers, unto the
city of Nachor. "And he made the camels to kneel
down without the city by the well of water at the time
of evening, the time that women go out to draw. n And
he said, ' O Iahveh, the God of my master Abraham,
send me, I pray thee, good speed this day, and shew
kindness unto my master Abraham. I8 Behold, I stand by
the fountain of water ; and the daughters of the men of
the city come out to draw ; H and let it come to pass
that the damsel to whom I shall say, Let down thy
pitcher, I pray thee, that I may drink, and who shall
say, Drink, and I will give thy camels drink also, — that
the same be she whom thou hast appointed for thy
servant Iizchak; and thereby shall I know that thou
hast shewed kindness unto my master.' 1<s And it came
to pass, before he had done speaking, that behold
Ribkah came forth, who was born to Bethuel the son of
Milkah, wife of Nachor, Abraham's brother, with her
pitcher upon her shoulder. lc And the damsel was very
fair to look upon, a virgin, neither had any man known
her : and she went down to the fountain, and filled her
pitcher and came up. l7 And the servant ran to meet
her, and said, ' Give me to drink, I pray thee, a little
water of thy pitcher.' 18 And she said, ' Drink, my
are considerable traces of the work of the compiler of IE. To fit
the Iahvistic passage xxvi. i ac 6-14. 16. 17. 19-33 ('Iahveh,' 12. 22.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 6y
Iahvistic.
lord/ and hasted and let down her pitcher upon her
hand, and gave him drink. l9 And when she had done
giving him drink, she said, ' For thy camels also will
I draw until they have done drinking.' 2U And she
hasted, and emptied her pitcher into the trough, and
ran again unto the well to draw, and drew for all his
camels. Jl And the man looked at her in silence, to
know if Iahveh had made his way to prosper or not.
Ka And it came to pass when the camels had done
drinking, 23a that he [asked her and] said, 'Whose
daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee.' - 4 And she
i [unto him}, '] am Bethuel's daughter, son of Milkah,
whom she bare unto Nachor.' [And he said | '"Is there
room in thy father's house for us to lodge in ? ' '-"' And
she said unto him, ' Both straw and provenderin plenty
have we, and room to lodge in.' " b And the man took
[and set] a ring of gold of half a shekel weight [upon
her nose], and two I of ten shekel's weight of
gold upon her hands. -'And he bowed his head, and
worshipped [ahvi h, and said, ' Ble i 1 be Iahveh, the
god of ni_\ in. who hath not foi saken his
mercy and his truth toward m\ ma ti r : as for nir. in the
way hath Iahveh led me to the house of my master's
brother.' * And the damsel ran, and told her hum!,
house according to these thing And Ribkah had
,i brother, and his name was Laban : ' and il i am
j when he saw the ring, and the bracelets upon
his sister's hands; and when he heard the woi
of Ribkah his I hu pake the man tinti i
me,' Mb that Laban ran out and went to the man
XXIV
!9
JO
21
22 a
23 a
.'j'
26
.-.,-'
1 1. 15, 28. 29; 'fail t" look npon,' J, cl 16; 'pit bed hii
tent, 1 ed ol tahveh,' 29, 31 ; ' called
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXIV
30 b
31
32
33
36
37
38
39
40
42
Iahvistic.
the fountain, and he came to the man} ; 30b and behold, he
stood by the camels at the fountain. 31 And he said [to
him], 'Come in, thou blessed of Iahveh ; wherefore
standest thou without ? for I have prepared the house,
and room for the camels.' 32 And he brought the man
into the house, and ungirded the camels, and gave
straw and provender to the camels, and water to wash
his feet and the men's feet who were with him ; 3S and he
set meat before him to eat. But he said, ' I will not eat
until I have spoken my speech.' And he said, ' Speak
34.35; on.' 34 And he said, 'I am Abraham's servant; 35 and
Iahveh hath blessed my master greatly that he is become
mighty; and he hath given him flocks and herds and
silver and gold and menservants and maidservants and
camels and asses. 36 And Sarah my master's wife bare
a son to my master in [his] old age, and unto him hath
he given all that he hath. 37 And my master made me
swear, saying, Thou shalt not take a wife for my son of
the daughters of the Kenaanite in whose land I dwell :
18 but unto my father's house shalt thou go, and to my
kindred, and take a wife for my son. S9 And I said
unto my master, Peradventure the woman will not
follow me. 40 And he said unto me, Iahveh, before
whom I walk, {will send his angel with thee, and} will make
thy way to prosper ; and thou shalt take a wife for my
son of my kindred, and of my father's house. 41 Then
only shalt thou be clear from my oath, if when thou
comest to my kindred they give not unto thee ; then thou
shalt be clear from my oath. 42 And I came to-day unto
the fountain, and said, O Iahveh, God of my master
the name of Iahveh,' 25, cf. iv. 26. xii. 8) into his narrative after
xii. (j — xiii. 1, and the Elohistic parallel, xx. 1— 17. xxi. 22. 23. (pp. 42 f.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 71
Iahvistic.
Abraham, if now thou do make my way to prosper in
which I go, 43 behold I stand by the fountain of water ;
and let it come to pass that the maiden who cometh
forth to draw, to whom I shall say, Give me I pray thee,
a little water of thy pitcher to drink; 44 and who shall
say to me, Both drink thou, and for thy camels also will
1 draw; that the same be the woman whom Iahveh
hath appointed for my master's son. 45 And before
I had done speaking in mine heart, behold, Ribkah
came forth with her pitcher on her shoulder; and she
went down unto the fountain and drew ; and I said unto
her, Let me drink, I pray thee. ' And she made haste,
and let down her pit( her from her, and said, Drink, and
to [thy] camels abo (will I] give drink; and I drank,
and she made the camels drink also. * 7 And I asked her,
and said, Whose daughter art thou? and she said,
daughter, son of Nachor whom Milkah bare
unto him. And 1 put the ring upon her nose, and the
bracelets upon her hands ; '" and I bowed my head, and
worshipped Iahveh, and blessed [ahveh, my master
Abraham's God, who \\-o\ led me in the righl way to
take my master's brother's daughter for his son. '' And
now, if ye will deal kindly and truly with my master,
tell me ; and if not, tell me, thai I may turn to the right
hand or tin- left.' "And Laban and Bethuel answered
1 1 id said, 'From [ahveh proceedeth this thing] we 1
noi unto thee bad or good; ?' behold, Ribkah is
before thee, lake hi 1 and go, and lei her l><- wife for the
son of thy ma Iahveh hath Bpoken.' 'And ii
came to pa - when Abraham's jervanl heard then
XXIV
43
44
45
46
47
19
50
51
6 a
56 ft, be bai added i' 1 . 'betide the fit t famine that wai In the <lny-.
■ if Abraham,' xii. 10 a.1. -.miliar additions, xlii. ,;'•. xvi. i). xviii. u [:
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
53
54
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
6i b
63
64
Iahvistic.
words, he bowed himself down to the earth unto
Iahveh. 58 And the servant brought forth jewels of
silver and jewels of gold and garments, and gave them
to Ribkah ; and he gave precious things to her brother
and to her mother. r ' 4 And they did eat and drink, he
and the men who were with him, and tarried all night.
And he rose up in the morning, and said, 'Send me
away to m\ master. 55 And her brother and her mother
said, ' Let the damsel abide with us some ten days, and
after that she shall go.' r ' G But he said unto them,
' Hinder me not, seeing that Iahveh hath made my way
to prosper ; send me away that I may go to my master.'
And thr\- said, ' We will call the damsel, and inquire
at her mouth.' 58 And they called Ribkah, and said
unto her, ' Wilt thou go with this man ? ' And she said,
■ I will go.' 59 And they sent away Ribkah their sister
and her nurse, and the servant of Abraham and his
men, 6lJ and blessed Ribkah, and said unto her,
' Our sister art thou :
Become thousands and ten thousands,
And thy seed possess the gate of their foes ! '
' ' And Ribkah arose and her damsels, and rode upon the
camels and went after the man. [And they came to
Chebron. Now Abraham was dead;] 62 and lizchak
, was returned from j [was gone to the wilderness of] the
well of Lachairoi, and he dwelt in the land of the south.
And the servant took Ribkah, and went his way
[to come unto lizchak]. 63 And lizchak went out one
evening to lament in the field ; and he lifted up his eyes,
and behold, camels were coming. Gi And Ribkah lifted up
xxii. 15, ; 15 which interrupts 14. 16) and 18 (which interrupts 17. 19)
to explain a second digging of wells in the valley of Gerar, xxi. 25,
'•:
XXV
I I
xxvi
I
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. ;.
Iahvistic. xxiv
her eyes and saw Iizchak ; and she lighted off die camel, j
58 and said unto the servant, ' What man is this that 65
walketh in the field to meet us?' And the servant said,
' It is my master.' And she took her veil and covered
herself. w And the servant told Iizchak all the things that 66
he had done. GT And Iizchak brought her into the tent
•J of his mother Sarah }. And he took Ribkah, and she be-
came his wife, and he loved her. And Iizchak was com-
forted after his [mother's} [father's] death. llb And
Iizchak dwelt by the well of Lachairoi. 'And there-
was a famine in the land, {beside the first famine that
was in the days of Abraham}. And Iizchak went unto
Abimelech, king of the Pelishtim, unto Gerar. ;-.\nd
Iahveh appeared unto him. and said,' Go not down into Mizraiim ;
dwell in the land which I shall tell thee of: 'sojourn in this land,
and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for onto thee, and
unto thy seed will 1 give all these lands, and 1 will establish the
oath which I sware unto Abraham thy father; ' and I will mul-
tiply thy seed as the ^tai* of the heavens, and I will give unto thy
seed all these lands; and in thy seed shall all ti I the
eartli he blessed, 'in that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept
in;, charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my law
:,<\ Iizchak dwell in Gerar: T and i\^- men of the
place asked him of his wil I he said, ' She is my
sister': for he feared lo say, ' My wife,' lest 'the men
of the place should kill me for Ribkah': for she was
lair to look upon. ' An<l il 1 ame to pa S, when he had
been there some time, thai Abimelech king ol the
Pelishtim looked oul of the window, and saw,
behold, Iizchak was sporting with Ribkah his wife.
And Abimi lei b « ailed Ii/.c bak, and s.nd. 'Bel
in 19. 31. 25. 32 Iizchak and hi> lervantl arc unquestionably
wells here for the lira time, as their nairn I prove ; cf. ' found,' 33 ; DOI
6.7
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXVI
10
1 1
[3
'4
16
[8
"J
20
21
22
Iahvistic.
a surety she is thy wife : and how saidst thou, She is my
sister?' And Iizchak said unto him, 'Because I said,
Lest I die through her.' 10 And Abimelech said, ' What
is this thou hast done unto us? one of the people might
lightly have lien with thy wife, and thou wouldst have
brought transgression upon us.' "And Abimelech
charged all the people, saying, ' He that toucheth this
man or his wife shall surely be put to death.' 12 And
Iizchak sowed in that land, and found in that same
year an hundredfold ; and Iahveh blessed him. l3 And
the man waxed great, and grew more and more until
he became very great, u and he had possessions of
flocks, and possessions of herds, and a large household ;
and the Pelishtim envied him. { 15 And all the wells which
his father's servants had digged in the days of Abraham his father
the Pelishtim had stopped them, and filled them with earth}.
10 And Abimelech said unto Iizchak, 'Go from us; for
thou art become much mightier than we.' n And
Iizchak departed thence and encamped in the valley of
Gerar, and dwelt there. { l8 And Iizchak digged again the wells
of water, which they had digged in the days of Abraham his
father ; for the Pelishtim had stopped them after Abraham's
death : and he called their names after the names by which his
father had called them}. l9 And Iizchak's servants digged
in the valley, and found there a well of flowing water.
20 And the herdmen of Gerar did strive with Iizchak's
herdmen, saying, 'The water is ours': and he called
the name of the well ' Esek' (' contention'), because
they had contended with him. 21 And they digged
another well ; and they strove for that also : and he
called the name of it ' Sitnah' ('strife'). 22 And he
would it be policy for the men of Gerar to ' fill in,' 18, the wells they
wanted to use, 20, ; and 2-5, one of the compiler's characteristic
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 75
Iahvistic. xxvi
removed thence, and digged another well ; and for that
they strove not : and he called the name of it ' Recho-
both ' (' open spaces '), and said, ' For now Iahveh hath
made room for us, and we shall be fruitful in the land.
23 And he went up from thence to Beer-sheba. 24 And 23.24
Iahveh appeared unto him the same night, and said, ' I
am the God of Abraham thy father: fear not, for I am with
thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed, for m\
servant Abraham's sake.' 25 And he built an altar there,
and called upon the name of Iahveh ; and he pitched
his tent there ; and there the servants of Iizchak digged
a well. M And Abimelech went unto him from Gerar,
and Achuzzath his minister, and Phikol the captain of
his host. "And Iizchak said unto them, 'Wherefore
ye come unto me, seeing that ye hate me, and 1
sent me away from you?' "And they said. 'We saw
■ learly that Iahveh was with thee, and we said. Lei
there m in oath betwixl u- even betwixl us and
thee, and let us make a covenant with thee; "that
thou wilt do us no hurt since we ha\>- neither touched
thee, nor done unto thee anything bul good, and have
sent thee away in peace: thou art now the blessed oi
Iahveh.' "' And h<- mad.- th< m a f< t, and th«-\ did I at 30
and drink. ' And they rose up early in the morning, 31
hi l ■■ ire one to another: and Iizchak Benl them away,
and they departed from him in pea< e. ' And il 1 ami
to pa • the ame day, that Iizchak's servants came and
told him of the well which the) had digged, and said
unto him ' We have found wat And he 1 ailed il
tiibah ' ('oath ') : therefore the name of the i itj
interpolations, -.f which we have had 'I '7- **»•«
if 1-.: not* the strong resemblance of a-fi to ucil. i{
JS
»9
76 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xxi
33
XXV
21
23
-4
Iahvistic.
' Beer-Sheba ' (' well of the oath ') unto this day.
13 And he planted a tamarisk tree in Beer-sheba, and
tailed there on the name of Iahveh {El Everlasting}.
And Iizchak intreated Iahveh for [Ribkah] his wife, be-
cause she was barren : and Iahveh hearkened unto him,
and his wife Ribkah conceived. 22 But the children
struggled together within her, and she said, ' If it be
thus, why should I live ? ' and she went to inquire of
Iahveh: 23 and Iahveh said unto her,
' Two nations are in thy body,
And two nations shall break apart from thy womb :
And one shall be mightier than the other,
And the elder shall serve the younger.'
-' And when her days to be delivered were fulfilled,
behold, there were twins in her womb. 25a And the
first came out ruddy (admoni) * * * *
the heavens', ' all the nations of the earth ' ), and Deuteronomic ex-
pressions in 5, cf. Deut. v. 10. 31. \i. 1. 20. vii. 11. xi. 1. xxvi. 16.
1 7. xxviii. 1 ;.
xxvii.46-x.wiii. y see Priestly Hist. 13k., pp. i6y f. The Iahvistic
narrative is continued in xxviii. 10 (cf. xxvi. 23 ft; xxvii. 43) 11". 13
C Iahveh' stands by Iakob's side) 14 (cf. xii. 1-3, esp. 'in thee shall all
the families of the ground be blessed ' ; xxvi. 24) i6 b (' Iahveh,' cf. 13)
17* (cf. l6 b ; ' Elohim ' required by the name ' Bethel ') 19" ^interrupts
j S. 20; cf. 17' , tut has been interwoven with an Elohistic parallel,
xxviii. n 1 '. 12 ('Elohim'; 'dream,' cf. xx. 3. xxii. I. 3; vision of
angels, not a direct theophany as in 13) i6 a (cf. u 1 ') 1 7 b ('gate of
heaven,' cf. 12) 18 (cf. n b , 20. 21". 22" ('Elohim,' 20: vow at the
in.izzevah, cf. u b . 18). Editorial glosses are 15 ('And, behold' etc. ;
anticipates 20 ; ly' 1 (' but the name of the city was Luz at the first ' ; cf.
xxxv. 6, where, according to the Priestly Hist. Pk., Iakob consecrates
the shrine at Bethel on his return from Laban ; pp. 173 f) ; 2i b (' and
Iahveh shall be my god'; interrupts 21". 22 a , and is certainly not
Elohistic ; cf. ' Elohim ' in 20 ; and cf. 15) ; 22 b (' and of all that thou
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
Iahvistic.
And [she] called
his name 'Esav' ('rough').
26a And after that came his
brother out, and his hand
had hold on Esav's heel
(iakeb),and [she] called his
name 'Iakob' ('heeler').
-' And the boys grew : and
.was a cunning hunter,
a man of the field ; but
Iakob was a quiet man
dwelling in tents. a And
Ii/.ihak loved Esav, be-
i ause he did eat of his
venison : but Ribkah lo
Iakob. ' ' And it came to
pass when Ii/.< hakwas old,
and his ey< dim so
that he ' ould not see, he
< ailed Esav his elder son,
2 and said. ' Behold now. I
mii old, I know not the
of in}' death. :; Now
therefore take I pray thee,
thy weapons, thy quiver
and thy bow, and go out
in- field, and tal e mc
venison, ' and make me
dainty n i h a I l<
and bring it me that I may
Elohistic.
25b all-over like a garmenl
of hair (sear) * *
- And lakoh sod potta
and Esav came in from
the field, and was taint :
so and Esav said to Iakob,
' Give me now of that red-
stuff (adorn) to eat. for I
am faint.' Therefore was
his name called ' Edom '
('red'). S1 And Iakob
I, 'Sell me first thy
birthright.' A.nd I
said, • Behold, I am about
to die, and of \\ ha1 use is
this birthrighl to n
Ami lakoh aid. • Swear
to me first.' And he
-wan- unto him, and Bold
birthrighl unto [akoh.
1 A ml [akoh gave Esav
br< ad a ad pottage of len-
tils : and he ,-ite and
drank, and rose up and
u . 1 1 1 his way ; and I
di pi • d hi l»ii t bright .
' ''And Baid unto him. ' M
son ' : and he -;iid unto
him, ' Here am I.'
XXV
_, .1.
26" -•<>
30
-:
XXVll
33
-■ ;,t
shalt give mc- I will rarely give a tenth to thee ' ; note and pi •
of 7,rd pcrs. in 20. 2i\ 2t n , : and 14 may have led m the
?8
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xxvii
Iahvistic.
eat, that my soul may bless
Elohistic.
5
thee before I die.' 6 And
Rihkah heard when Iiz-
chak spake to Esav his
son. And Esav went to
the field to hunt for veni-
6
son, and to bring it. 6 And
Ribkah spake unto Iakob
her son, saying, ' Behold,
I heard thy father speak
unto Esav thy brother,
7
saying, 7 Bring me venison
and make me dainty meat,
that I may eat and bless
thee before Iahveh before
8 a
my death. 8a Now there-
.,''. 8 b
fore my son, 9b I will make
8b< Obey my voice in what
9 a
(themj dainty meat for thy
I command thee. 9 * Go
father, such as he lovelh,
now to the flock, and fetch
JO
10 and thou shalt bring it to
me thence two good kids
thy father that he may eat,
of the goats.' * *
and so bless thee before his
*****
spirit of xiii. 14-17. xviii. 17-19. xxii. 17. 18. xxix is Iahvistic: note
' Iahveh,' 31, 32, 33, 35 ; ' lifted up his voice and wept,' II, cf. xxvii.
38, but also xxi. 16 ; ' ran to meet him,' 13, cf. xviii. 2 ; xxiv. 17 ; ' my
bone and my flesh,' 14, cf. ii. 23 ; ' fair to look upon,' 17, cf. xii. II.
xxiv. 16. xxvi. 7 ; ' a few days,' 20, cf. xxvii. 44 ; ' younger and firstborn,'
16, cf. xix. 31 ft. xxv. 23 ; ' barren,' 31, cf. xi. 30. xxv. 21 ; ' conceived
and bare,' 'she called his name,' 32 ff, cf. iv. 1. 25. xxi. 2\ xxv. 21 ;
with 4. 5 cf. xi. 29. 30. xxvii. 43. xxviii. 10 ; with 31° cf. xvi. 2 ; with
32*' cf. xvi. 11 ; with 32. 33 cf. xxvi. 22. In 8 read lab'jzn, cf. 3 ; in 27
read jnHl with i.xx, cf. JrVl, 28; in 34 read nMTp with i.xx, cf. 32. 35.
24 — 'And Laban gave Zilpah his handmaid unto his daughter Leah
for an handmaid' — which interrupts 23. 25; and 29 — 'And Laban
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
79
Iahvistic.
death.' M b And his mother
made dainty meat such as
his father loved. 1G And
Ribkah {ook the goodly
raiment of Esav her elder
son which were with her
in the house and put them
upon Iakob her younger
son. 17 And she gave the
dainty meat and the bread
which she had prepared
into the hand of her son
Iakob. lHa And he came
unto his father, and said,
,,b Arise, I pray thee, sit
and eat of my venison that
thy soul may bless me. 1
!id Iizchak said unto
his son, ' How is it that
thou liasi found ii
quickly, my son ? ' And
he said, ' Because Iahveh
thy( lod hath sent me good
!. And he Baid,
Elohistic
11 And Iakob said to I\ib-
kah his mother, ' Be-
hold. Esav my brother is
a hairy man, and I am a
smooth man : u my father
peradventure will feel me,
and I shall be as a mocker
in his eyes, and bring a
curse upon inc. and not a
blessing.' u And his mother
said unto him, ' Upon me
be thy curse, my son :
only obey my voice and
go fetch me i linn.' "A ml
he went and fetched, and
brought them to his
mother. "And .-la' pul
the Bkins of tlir kids ol
t la' goats upon his hands,
and upon the smooth of
his neck. * *
18b '.My lather': and he
said, ' 1 l'i'' am I : u hich
art thou, my -"ii '.' l, *And
XXVll
I 4 l 'l 1
15
17
i.;
is :l
'C 1
I'/'
i'.
JO
is>>
j;avc to Rachel bis daughter, Bilhab hit handmaid to be I" < band
maid' which interrupts - ,v i- 30, an- probably 'Priesl . •'■
xlvi. 18. 25.
xxx contain-, the continuation "I VOX 1 [cf. xxix. .',1 J ■■••I 1 1 •'
[*33M belongs equally to a b and . , eived and
r>" [read pvi for in'i, and restore mrp] 7['< "i" 1 m d and
B" 9 [cf. 1 ; • left bearing/ cf. xxix. 35] 10-13. 13* [cf. u o 16 ['lie
with,' cf. xix. 33 ff ; in [j read ^n u foj n- and ;: u m foi ;:- with
with 16 cf. xxiv. 63] i; 1, 19. ao° [' conceived and bare," called bi nam ':
So
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xxvn
2]
26
27 22'
24
22'
23
2S
Iahvistic.
' Bring it near to me, and
I will cat of my son's
venison, that my soul may
bless thee.' Andhe brought
it near to him. and he ate ;
and he brought him wine,
and he drank. M And his
father Iizchak said unto
him. ' Come near now, and
kiss me, my son.' 27 And
he came near, and kissed
him ; and he smelled the
smell of his raiment. And
he blessed him, and said,
' See, the smell of my son
'Is like the smell of a
field [in harvest],
' Which Iahveh hath
blessed :
■ May Elohim give thee
' Of the dew of heaven,
• And the fatness of the
earth,
Elohistic.
Iakob said unto his father,
'I am Esav thy firstborn;
I have done according as
thou bade s t me. 21 And
Iizchak said unto Iakob,
' Come near, I pray thee,
that T may feel thee, my
son, whether thou be my
very son Esav or not.'
22a And Iakob went near
unto Iizchak his father;
and he felt him, 24 and
said, 'Art thou my very
son Esav 1 ' And he said,
'I am.' 22b And he said,
' The voice is the voice of
Iakob, but the hands are
the hands of Esav ' : 2,, and
he discerned him not, be-
cause his hands were
hairy, like the hands of
his brother Esav. And
he blessed him.
cf. xxix. 34] 22 c [cf. 2. xxix. 31] 23" ['conceived and bare 'J 24 [' Iahveh';
read 23". 24''", misplaced through 23''] 25 [cf. 24] 27 [' If now I have
found favour in thine eyes,' cf. xviii. 3; 'Iahveh'] 29 [add npr' with
l.xx] 30 ['spread forth,' xxviii. 14 ; ' Iahveh hath blessed,' cf. 27] 31-36
[the text is involved but contains no contradiction: after the removal
that day of all the piebald goats and black sheep from the flock, hence-
forward all the piebald and black should be Iakob' s, all else accounted
stolen ; but the wily Laban effects the removal himself; in 36 read D3>2
with i.xx] 37-39 [Iakob works on the imagination of the ewes, and
makes thern bring forth piebalds and blacks] 40"° [Iakob separates his
own lambs from the rest] 41-43 ['spread forth,' cf. 30; cf. xiii. 2. 5.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
8!
XXV 11
29
30 b And Iakob was scarce
gone out from the presence
of Iizchak his father
30"
30 l
Iahvistie. Elohistic.
' And plenty of corn and
wine.
29 ' Let nations serve thee,
' And peoples bow down
to thee :
'Be lord overthy brethren,
' And let thy mother's
sons bow down to
thee :
' Cursed be he that cur-
seth thee,
'And blessed be he that
blesseth thee.'
30 'And it came to pass, as
soon as Iizclmk had made
an end of blessing Iakob,
30c that Esav his brother
came in from his hunting.
n And he also made < Liinty
meat and brought it unto
bis father; and he said
unto his father, ' Let my
fatlf , and 1 al oi bis
son's venison, that thy soul
xxiv. 35. xxvi. 14 . but also fragments of an Elohistic paralli
I ■him '] 6* ['Elohim'; 'judged* anticipates 'heard my voice,' and
a parallel etymology] 8* 'Elohim'; 'Naphtali' named from
Elohii 'ling, not Rachel's] i.V' fa second etymology] 17"
['Elohim'] is ['Elohim'; 'Sachar,' the child paid to Leah by Elohim
for having given her handmaid to Iakob, not the love-applet paid to
Rachel by I eah fur [akob 1 • ompanj . 1 | [6] -jo 1, | ' JOloh i m ' ; derivation
of the name from ' Zebadani *] aa b [' Elohim,' cf. 17'! -'.'.' ['Elohim';
' Ioscph ' derived from tn-, not »}pV, 34**] 16. ^s [fit well together;
shorter parallel to j; 19 .',i' 40* interrnpta (O* , with s different
G
3o c
3'
Ba
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXVll
33 3^
35
36
34
37
Iahvistic.
may bless me.' 33 And
Iizchak trembled very ex-
ceedingly, and said, ' Who
then is he that hath taken
venison, and brought it me
that I have eaten of all be-
fore thou earnest, and have
blessed him ? and he shall
be blessed.' 34 [And it came
to pass] when Esav heard
the words of his father, he
cried with an exceeding
great and bitter cry, and
said unto his father, ' Bless
me, even me also, O my
father.' 37 And Iizchak an-
swered and said unto Esav,
' Behold, I have made him
thy lord, and all his breth-
ren have I given to him for
slaves, and with corn and
wine have I upheld him :
Elohistic.
32 And Iizchak his father
said unto him, ' AV r hich art
thou 1 ' And he said, ' I
am thy son, thy firstborn.
Esav.' 85 And he said,
' Thy brother hath come
with subtlety, and taken
away thy blessing! ' S6 And
he said, ' Is he not rightly
named "Iakob" 1 ? for he
hath over-reached (iakab)
me these two times : he
took away my birthright ;
and behold, now he hath
taken away my blessing.'
And he said, ' Hast thou
not kept a blessing for
me?'
account]). The hand of the editor can be traced in 4* (' And she gave
him Bilhah her handmaid to wife ' — which interrupts 3. 4 b , cf. xxix. 24.
29) ; in 21 (' And afterwards she bare a daughter, and called her name
"Dinah"' — which is loosely connected, and the only reference to a
daughter in this list ; daughters are mentioned in xxxvii. 35, but not by
name ; for ' Dinah ' cf. xxxiv) ; in 22" (' Elohim remembered Rachel,' an
expression from the Priestly Hist, lik., cf. viii. 1. ix. 15. xix. 29. Ex. vi.
5] ; in 35 (read D'Tpan for D'nprn, cf. 40'') ; and in 39 (omit D'Tpr,
cf. 40'',.
For xxxi. i8 b see Priestly Hist. lik. p. 171. xxxi is mainly Elohistic
'2. 4-9 [' Elohim,' 7. 9 ; 'face of Laban,' 5, cf. 2 ; ' the god of my father
with me,' 5, cf. xxviii. 20; Iakob's complaint, 7, 'changed my wages
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 83
Iahvistic. xxvii
and what therefore shall I do for thee, my son? ' s8 And 3§
Esav said unto his father, ' Hast thou but one blessing,
my father 1 bless me, even me also, O my father.' And
Esav lifted up his voice and wept. 39 And Iizchak 39
his father answered and said unto him,
' Behold, thy dwelling shall be far from the fatness
of the earth,
' And far from the dew of heaven from above.
40< And by thy sword shalt thou live, and thy brother
shalt thou serve :
1 But it shall come to pass that thou shalt strive,
' And shalt shake his yoke from off thy neck ! '
41 And Esav hated Iakob because of the blessing
wherewith his father blessed him : and Esav said in
his heart, ' The days of mourning for my father are at
hand; then will I slay my brother Iakob.' "And the
words of Esav her elder son were told to Ribkah ;
and she sent and called Iakob her younger son,
and said unto him, 'Behold, thy brother Esav, as
touching thee, doth comfort himself to slay thee.
ten times': nothing of tins in xxx ; ' ringstraked,' 8, < f. xxx. 40*] 11
[' Iakol.' . . . 'Urn- am I.' cf. xxii. 1. 11. xxvii. 1 ; ' dream, 1 as in xxviii.
12] 13 [cf. xxv iii. 18. 20] 14-16 i • Elohim,' 16, if. 11] 19. 20". 2i" c . 22.
2 3*- '5* 2 4- »5* l nt the end of seven dayi' journey, -ii evening, I aban
encamps on the E- dope "i Mm. Gilead, not knowing that iakob waa
encamped on the W. lidi of the mountain; thai nighl Elohim warm
Laban not to injure iakob, whom Ik- overtakes next morning; 'dream,'
as in 1 1, cf. xx. 3] 26 ( cf. 20] 28. 29 'Elohim'; cf. 14] 30 ['god
t I'i. in .,.• add, 'And iakob said,' with lxx] 36 .ji [cf,
(>. 7; very differenl lervice, nox. 37 42] 49 ['Elohim'; cf. 34. 19] 43.
44. 45 [omit ' iakob,' cf. 43, and 51 i 'which I Laban have iel np'] 5]
[omit ' Behold this mound, and '] 5,2 [ omit ' Thii mound be witni m, and
ii,- pillar ' . . . ' and thii pillar,' and thus rend. 51. ga : 'h rM^ir\ nin
njnb mn 'n-rm...' 1 ) 'w dc mr '31 ''a 'v] 53 [omit 'the j: imI ol
g 2
M
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xxvn
. ac
I'.'
•H
43
•14
XXVUl
10
II 1
13
12
14
i6 a
>7'
Iahvistic.
43ac Now therefore, arise,
flee thou to Laban my
brother, to Charan, 44 ft and
tarry with him a few
days, 45 until thy bro-
ther's anger turn away
from thee, and he forget
what thou hast done to
him ; then I will send and
fetch thee thence : why
should I be bereaved of
you both in one day ? '
10 And Iakob went out
from Beersheba, and went
toward Charan. na And
he lighted on a certain
place, and tarried there all
night : for the sun was set.
"And behold, Iahveh stood
beside him, and said, ' I
am Iahveh, the God of
Abraham thy father, and
the God of Iizchak : the
land whereon thou liest to
thee will I give it, (and to
thy seed ; " and thy seed shall
be as the dust of the earth, and
thou shalt spread forth to the
west, and to the east, and to the
north, and to the south} and
in thee {and in thy seed]
Elohistic.
'■ h ' My son, obey my voice '
44 b< until thy brother's
fury turn away.'
11 b And he took of the stones'
of the place, and put one
under his head, and lay
down in that place to sleep.
12 And he dreamed, and
behold, a ladder set up on
the earth ; and the top of
it reached to the heavens.
And behold, the angels of
Elohim ascended and de-
scended on it. 16a And
when Iakob awoke from
his sleep, he said, 17c ' This
their father,' a weak attempt to identify the god of Abraham, and the
if Nachor, which are different, cf. pL 1VDV; ' the Awe of Iizchak,'
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
85
Iahvistic.
shall all the families of the
ground be blessed.' {"'And
behold, I am with thee, and
will keep thee whithersoever
thou goest, and I will bring
thee again unto this ground ;
for I will not leave thee until I
have done what I have spoken
to thee of.'} 17 "And [Iakob]
was afraid, and said,
' How awful is this place!
16 b Surely Iahveh was in
thisplaceand I knew it not!
17 b This is none other but
anhouseofElohim.' "And
he called the name of
that place Beth-El (' El's
house '), ( tut the name of the
dty was Luz at the fit
'And Iakob lifted up his
feet, and came to the land
of the Bona of the cast.
2 Aml he looked, and be-
hold a well was in the
field, and lo, three flocks
of sheep were there lying
bj il ; for out of that well
Elohistic.
is the gate of the heavens ! '
18 And early in the morn-
ing Iakob rose up, and
took the stone that he had
put under his head, and
set it up for a pillar, and
poured oil upon the top of
it. 20 And Iakob vowed a
vow, saying, ' If Elohim
will lie with me, and will
keep me in this way that
I go, and will give me
bread to eat, and raiment
to put on, 21 so that I conic
ii'juin to my father's house
in peace, then {iahveh shall
be my God, and} 22 this stone
which I have Bel up for
a pillar, shall be for an
bouse of Elohim ' | Bel h
El[ohim]) {and of all that
thou shalt give me I will surerj
give the tenth unto th<
xxvm
1 5 iS
17 -'o
[6 b
"J
22
XXI \
1
cf. 42] 47 1 ' omit 'And Labu called it tegai Sahadutha,' which I
unnei ■• Laban'i daughter! at any rate, in then own land,
1 1 ! cf. xxxix. 3 1 -xxx. 24]), bnl contain! lahvJ tic fragment
in continuation of 1.3 read na'B'M%c£ xxxii. 9. 12; no refereno
to 3 in 4, cf. 13; 'Iahveh'; 'kindred,' cf. xii t. xxh 1 17 antidpati
20. 21"] 2I 1, [interrupt! »i M ; cr ,- > repeated from 17; 'river,' cf, xxiv-
10J 2,V c [disarrange! 13*. 24, and ant -i; [parallel pi 26
86 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXIX
TO
1 1
12
>3
M
Iahvistic.
they watered the flocks. And the stone was great upon
the mouth of the well. 3 And thither used all the flocks
to be gathered. And they were wont to roll the stone
from the mouth of the well, and water the sheep, and to
put the stone again upon the mouth of the well in its
place. *And Iakob said unto them, ' My brethren, whence
be ye?' And they said, 5 'From Charan are we.' And he
said unto them, ' Know ye Laban, the son of Nachor?'
6 And they said, ' We know him.' And he said unto
them, ' Is it well with him?' And they said, ' It is well ;
and, behold, Rachel his daughter, cometh with the
sheep.' 7 And he said, 'Lo, it is yet high day, neither
is it time that the cattle should be gathered together :
water ye the sheep, and go and feed them.' 8 And
they said, ' We cannot, until all the flocks be gathered
together; then [we] roll the stone from the mouth of
the well, and water the sheep.' 9 While he yet spake
with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep; for
she kept them. 10 And it came to pass, when Iakob
saw Rachel the daughter of Laban his mother's brother,
and the sheep of Laban his mother's brother, that
Iakob went near, and rolled the stone from the mouth
of the well, and watered the flock of Laban his mother's
brother. "And Iakob kissed Rachel, and lifted up
his voice, and wept. ,2 And Iakob told Rachel that
he was her father's brother, and that he was Ribkah's
son: and she ran, and told her father. 1:) And it came
to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Iakob his
sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced
him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house.
And he told Laban all these things. 14 And Laban
[nii,wers to 27, not to 30] 46" [read ' Laban,' cf. 48] 48" [follows on 46",
not 45 j 5°* [continues 48* ; 50'', ' no man is with us ; see Elohim is
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 87
XXIX
16
Iahvistic.
said to him, ' Truly, thou art my bone and my flesh/
And he abode with him the space of a month: "and
Laban said unto Iakob, ' Because thou art my brother,
shouldest thou therefore serve me for nought ? tell me
what shall thy wages be?' 16 And Laban had two
daughters : the name of the elder was Leah, and the
name of the younger was Rachel. 17 And Leah's eyes
were weak ; but Rachel was beautiful, and fair to look
upon. "And Iakob loved Rachel; and he said, 'I
will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger
daughter.' '"And Laban said, 'It is better that I give
her to thee than that I should give her to another
man: abide with me.' 20 And Iakob served seven
years for Rachel ; and they seemed unto him but a
few days, for the love he had to her. 21 And Iakob
said unto Laban, ' Give me my wife, for my days are
fulfilled, that I may go in unto her.' "And Laban
gathered together all the men of the place, and made
.1 feast. 23 And it came to pass in the evening, that he
took Leah his daughter, and brought her to him; and
he went in unto her. (** And Laban gave Zilpah his hand
maid unto hi daughter Leah for an handmaid.] "And it
came t" pass in the morning that, behold, it was Leah.
And he said to Laban, 'What is this thou hast done
unto in.-.- was it not for Rachel thai I served with
thee? wherefore then hast thou beguiled me ? ' 'And
Laban aid, ■ It is not dm, done among u to give the
younger before the firstborn. Fulfil the week of this
one, and 1 1 1 will give thee tin- othi 1 also t<>i the 1 ei
which thou shall with me yet
witness betwixt me nri'l thee, 1 la a gloss : the writ. 1 '.1 p", ' I till mound
be witness,' would doI write ■ /-. lohim be witn< ii a. (ahvistii
writer] 49' [Jakob's response, d. 57/'; note I '; 4</, ' Aixl
18
19
20
21
22
2 3
-'7
88 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xxix
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
Iahvistic.
28 And Iakob did so, and fulfilled her week. And he
gave him Rachel his daughter to wife. {™And Laban
gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah his handmaid to be her
handmaid) . 80 And he went in also unto Rachel. And
he loved Rachel more than Leah. And he served with
him yet seven other years. 3l And when Iahveh saw that
Leah was hated, he opened her womb : but Rachel
was barren. 32 And Leah conceived, and bare a son,
and she called his name ' Reuben ' : for she said,
' Because Iahveh hath looked upon my affliction
(raah-beonyi) ; for now will my husband love me.'
33 And she conceived again, and bare a son : and she
said, ' Because Iahveh hath heard (shama) that I am
hated, he hath therefore given me this one also ' : and
she called his name ' Shimeon.' S4 And she conceived
again, and bare a son; and she said, 'Now this time
will my husband join himself (lavah) unto me,
because I have borne him three sons.' Therefore [she]
called him, ' Levi.' 35 And she conceived again, and
bare a son ; and she said, ' This time will I praise
(hodah) Iahveh.' Therefore she called his name
' Iehudah.' And she left bearing. a And when Rachel
saw that she bare Iakob no children, then Rachel envied
her sister ; and she said unto Iakob, ' Give me children,
Mizpah, for,' is a gloss on ncs, to watch, in 49 b : ncaon, 'The
Watchtower,' and mson, 'The Pillar,' 45, may be connected] 46''
[the meal of the covenant, removed as far as possible from 54] 48'"
[the etymology to which the foregoing leads up, cf. 47'']). The editorial
hand so unmistakeable in the patchwork of 45-53, also appears in 33,
' and into the tent of the two maidservants,' which interrupts 33 nc , cf.
' and he went out of Leah's tent ' ; cf. xxx. 4. 9 ; in 20 b , ' in that he told
him not that he fled,' which is out of place before the flight, 21, and
may be a gloss to explain the expression 'stole Laban's heart' ; in 11,
'angel,' cf. 13, where Elohim is speaker; and perhaps in the crowded
05
XXX
I
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
89
Iahvistic.
or else I die.' 2a And
Iakob's anger was kindled
against Rachel, and he
said, 2 c [' Is it I] who have
withheld from thee the
fruit of the womb ? ' 3 And
she said, ' Behold mine
handmaid Bilhah ; go in
unto her, that she may
bear upon my knees, and
so I may obtain children
by her:' I* and she gave him
Bilhah her handmaid to wife | :
and Iakob went in unto
her. ■ And Bilhah con-
ceived, and bare Iakob a
son. 6a And Rachel said,
['Iahveb] {and also] ' '" hath
heard my voice, and
awarded (dan) me a ^on.'
Then-lore she tailed his
name ■ I Ian.' And Bilhah,
K;k bel's handmaid, con-
< rived again, and
Iakob -t •■' ond 3on. ''And
l\.K lie] said, ' I hive wres-
tled (niphtali) with my
• r. and I have pre-
vailed.' And he ( ailed his
Elohistic.
2b 'Am I in the place of
Elohim 1 '
fib ' Elohim hath judged
I dan ) me.'
8b< Elohim hath wrestled
for me ' < niphtali ).
XXX
,c ,b
6 a
<,<• 6 b
s" S 1 '
of 34-41. The pa ig< . io, ' And it came to pats at the time thai
the flock conceived, that I lifted np 1 ad aw in a dream, and,
behold, the I which leapt upon the flock were ringstraked,
•peckled, and grilled ' ; and ia t 'Lift np now thin ud tee, all the
9o
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXX
10
ii
12
I 3 a
I3 C
14
13 b i Y or women will call
me joyful (asher).'
Iahvistic. Elohistic.
name ' Naphtali.' "[And]
when Leah saw that she
had left bearing, she took
Zilpah her handmaid, and
gave her to Iakob to wife.
lu And Zilpah, Leah's hand-
maid, bare Iakob a son.
"And Leah said, ' O for-
tune (gad),' and she called
his name ' Gad.' 12 And
Zilpah, Leah's handmaid,
bare Iakob a second son.
ls a And Leah said, 'O
joy (asher)!'' 13c and she
called his name ' Asher.'
l4 And Reuben, in the days
of wheat-harvest, went and
found love-apples in the
field, and brought them
unto his mother Leah.
And Rachel said unto
Leah, ' Give me, I pray
thee, of thy son's love-
apples.' lr And [LeahJ said,
' Is it such a small thing to
have taken my husband
away, that thou wouldest
also take away my son's
love-apples?' And Rachel
he-goats which leap upon the flock are ringstraked, speckled, andgrisled :
for I have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee ' ; are possibly fragments
of the Elohistic story, but are out of all connection with 9. II. 13.
The double thread is continued through xxxii. xxxiii ; the Iahvistic in
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
9i
Iahvistic.
said, '[Not so]: he shall lie
with thee to-night for thy
son's love-apples.' 16 And
Iakob came from the field
at even ; and Leah went
out to meet him, and said,
' Unto me thou must come
in ; for indeed I have hired
(sachar) thee with my
son's love-apples.' And
he lay with her that night ;
17 b and she conceived and
hare Iakob a fifth son.
J8b And she called his name
' Iissachar.' lu And Leah
concei\( (1 a^ain, and bare
a sixth son to Iakob.
20a And Leah said, 20 ' -Now
will my husband cohabit
with me (zebalani) be< ause
I have borne him six
An. I Bhe 1 ailed Ins
name ' Zebulun.' [And
afterwards she bare a daughter
and called her name 'Dinah'
" m And Elohim remetni
Rachel.) [And [ahveh
hearkened unto Ra< hel >
" r an<l opened her wen,'..
""and she conceived, and
hare a son.
Ami
Elohistie.
17a And Elohim hearkened
unto Leah.
18a And Leah said, 'Elohim
hath given me my hire
(sachar) because I have
given mine handmaid to
my husband.'
20b ' Elohim hath endowed
me (zebad| I |ani) with a
beaul iiul dowry.'
" b And Elohim hearkened
until J Etachi
Mb
A ml he aid, ' ESlohim
XXX
16
i8 a
17"
•9
JO''
20'
2C-
,,:,. .1.
•I 1 ''.,''
xxxii. 3 5 in 5 read psi with 1
cf. xviii. 3. xix. [9. xxx. 37)
xx ; cf. xxx. .).', : ' find favour in tfa
(> 1 1 origin "f the n um ' Mai banoth,'
9 2
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXX
24"
27
29
30
31 28
Iahvistic.
she said], 'May Iahveh
add (ioseph) to me yet
another son.' 2 < a Andshe
called his name 'Ioseph.'
25 And it came to pass when
Rachel had borne Ioseph,
that IakobsaiduntoLaban,
' Send me away, that I may
go unto mine own place
and to mine own land.'
27 And Laban ^aid unto
him, ' If now I have found
favour in thine eyes, tarry :
I have forbode that Iahveh
hath blessed me for thy
sake.' 29 And [Iakob] said
unto him, ' Thou knowest
how I have served thee,
and how thy cattle hath
fared with me. 30 For it was
little that thou hadst before
I came, but it hath spread
forth into a multitude, and
Iahveh hath blessed thee
in my steps ; and now
when shall I provide for
mine own house* also ? '
n And he said, ' What shall
I give thee ? ' And Iakob
said, ' Thou shalt not give
Elohistic.
hath taken away (asaph)
my reproach.'
26 ' Give me my wives and
my children for whom I
have served thee, and let
me go : for thou knowest
my service wherewith 1
have served thee.'
28 And he said, ' Appoint
me thy wages, and I will
give it.'
or 'Machanaim,' cf. 1. 2 ; 'Iahveh,^; cf. xxxi. 3. xxviii. 13; 'mercies
and truth,' io, cf. xxiv. 27 ; }D »n3Bp, io, cf. iv. 13. xviii. 14) I3 b -2i a
(/gave them into the hands of his servants,' 16, cf. xxx. 35 ; 'he will lift
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
93
XXX
32
33
34
35
Iahvistic.
me anything : but if thou wilt do this for me I will
again feed thy flock and keep it: 32 I will pass
through all thy flock to-day, and remove from it every
speckled and spotted beast — every black among the
sheep, and every spotted and speckled among the
goats. And hereafter my hire shall be, — ss so shall my
righteousness answer for me — when thou shalt come
concerning my hire which shall be before thee, then
every beast that is not speckled and spotted among the
goats, and black among the sheep in my possession
shall be accounted stolen.' ;t4 And Laban said, ' Behold,
I would it might be according to thy word ' : 3: ' and he
himself that day removed the he-goats that were {ring-
straked} [speckled] and spotted, and al] the she-goats
that were speckled and spotted, every one that had
white in it, and all the black among the sheep, and
re them into the hanil of his sons, M and set three
days' journey between | ilx-m] and Iakob. And Iakob
fed the rest of Laban's flock. "And Iakob took him
rods of green poplar, and of the almond and maple,
and peeled wh iks in them, and made the white
appear which was in the rods. And he put the rods
which he had peeled over against the Bock in the
gutters, in the troughs of water where the flock came
to drink. And they conceived when they came to
drink, 'and the flock conceived before the rods. And
the Ho- k brought forth | ring itraked | spe< kled and spotted.
40 *And [akob did separate the lambs, l0 and put his
own dri hi. and put them nol unto Laban's flo
41 And it < ame to pass, wh< □ 01 ■■ r the stroi ! the
flock did conceive, thai [akob laid the rods before the
.;<•
37
38
39
^o tt
.|O c
t'
up my face,' 20, of. iv. 7. xix. ji ; the pn tent, cf. xxiv. 10. 53 13*
displaced by -• i' jj read Q129M, cf. -.', ; 'to VJ Ji)
94
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
42
40 1
43
XXXI
I
5
'7
i8 a
2I b
*3 l
Iahvistic.
eyes of the flock in the gut-
ters that they might con-
ceiveamong the rods; 42 but
when the flock were feeble
he put them not in : so the
feeble were Laban's, but
the strong were Iakob's.
43 And the man spread
forth exceedingly, and had
great flocks, and maid ser-
vants, and men servants,
and camels, and asses.
'And he heard the words
of Laban's sons, saying,
' Iakob hath taken away
all that was our father's ;
and of that which was our
father's hath he gotten all
this wealth ! ' 3 And Iahveh
said unto Iakob, ' Return
unto the land of thy fathers,
and to thy kindred, and I
will {be with thee} [do thee
good ']. 17 And Iakob rose
up, and set his sons and
his wives upon the camels,
18 * and carried away all his
cattle, 2l b { and he rose up}
and passed over the river
* * *
23b And he overtook him in
Elohistic.
40 b And set the faces of
the flocks toward the ring-
straked and all the black
in the flock of Laban.
23-28 'in 23 read 'n 'jrnN with lxx
amended; 'prevailed,' 25. 28, cf. xxx. 8)
2 And Iakob beheld the
face of Laban, and behold
it was not toward him as
aforetime. 4 And Iakob
sent and called Rachel
and Leah to the field unto
his flock, B and said unto
them, ' I see the face of
your father that it is not
toward me as aforetime ;
but the God of my father
hath been with me. "And
ye know that with all my
might have I served your
father : 7 but your father
hath deceived me, and
changed my wages ten
times ; but Elohim hath
not suffered him to hurt
; ' the man,' cf. xviii. xix, as
29* fcf. 26; 31 (read bmrrnj*,
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
95
Iahvistic.
the mountain of Gilead,
[and said,] 27 ' Wherefore
didst thou flee away se-
cretly and deceive me, and
didst not tell me, that I
might have sent thee away
with mirth and with songs,
and with tabret and with
harp?' 3I And Iakob an-
swered and said unto
Laban, ' Because I was
afraid : for I said, Lest
by force thou shouldest
take thy daughters from
me.' "'And {Iakob} [La-
ban]said unto his brethren,
' Gather stones ' ; and they
took stones, and made a
mound. "'And Laban
Baid, ' This mourni |
be with ed) between
me and thee this day
60 'that thou will not afflict
my daughters, and that
thou wilt not take other
wives besides my daugh-
Elohistic.
me. 8 If he said thus,
The speckled shall he thy
wages, then all the flock
bare speckled ; and if he
said thus, The ringstraked
shall be thy wages, then
all the flock bare ring-
straked : 9 and IJlohim
hath taken away the
cattle of your father and
given them to me. { 10 And it
came to pass at the time that
the flock conceived that I
lifted up mine eyes and saw in
a dream, and, behold, the he-
goats which leaped upon the
flock were ringstraked, speck-
led, and grisled.) u Aim!
{the angel of] Klohini said
unto me in a dream,
[akob, and I Baid, ll'iv
am I . ' ' Ami he said,
j Lift op now thine eyes, and
11 the he goats which leap
upon the flock are ring*
gtraki d, pec) led, and grisled i
fox I have seen all that Laban
XXXI
31
IO
t I*
1 1
18*
1 3
^O"
cf. 33; ' passed over,' 1 1 16. ai. aa. 23 ; the sunrise, c£ 13'. aa. 1 1
xxxiii. 1. a daylight, 31, enables him to 1 1 sv coming; 'lifted op
• Id,' cf. xviii. 1. xxiv. In, ; 'fottl hundred
mi n.' cf. xxxii. 6 ; the division of the childn n n calls the division of the
, xxxii. 7 [6 .1 i ed over before them,' cf ixxU (6. ai";
• ran to meet him,' cf. xviil 1 5-7 cf. a; 'lifted up hi 1 ( . 1 ;
1 am,' wanted for the etymology oi ' IVnicl,' 10, c£ xxvni. 17. xxxii.
9 6
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
'3
49 l
4<'''M
4 8'>
xxxii
3
'5
1 6
"J
20 l
Iahvistic.
ters ' {no man is with us :
see, Elohim is witness betwixt
me and thee}. 49 b And {Miz-
pah, for} [Iakob] said, ' Let
Iahveh watch between me
and thee, when we are
absent one from another.'
46 b And they did eat there
upon the mound. ^There-
fore was the name of it
called ' Gilead ' (' mound
of witness '). 3 And Iakob
sent messengers before
him unto Esav his brother
to the land of Seir, the
field of Edom. 4 And he
commanded them saying,
' Thus shall ye say unto
my lord Esav : thus saith
thy servant Iakob, With
Laban have I sojourned
and stayed until now: 5 and
I have oxen, and asses,
[and] flocks, and men ser-
vants, and maid servants :
and I have sent to tell my
lord, that I may find favour
in thine eyes.' 6 And the
messengers returned to
Iakob, saying, ' We came
to thy brother unto Esav
zH 8-i i flooks back on xxxii. 13-21,
lord Esav,' ' thy servant Iakob' ; ' find favour in the eyes of,' 8. 10, cf.
Elohistic.
doeth unto thee} ls I am El
of Bethel, where thou didst
anoint a pillar, where thou
didst vow a vow unto me :
now arise, get thee out
from this laud, and return
unto the land of thy
nativity.' u Then Rachel
and Leah answered and
said unto him, ' Is there
yet any portion or in-
heritance for us in our
father's house 1 :B Are we
not counted of him as
strangers 1 for he hath sold
us, and hath also quite
devoured the price he had
for us ; 1G wherefore the
more doth the wealth which
Elohim hath deprived of
our father belong to us
and our children. Now
therefore, whatsoever Elo-
him hath said unto thee,
do.' ]9 And Laban was
gone to shear his sheep:
and Rachel stolethe house-
hold gods that were her
father's. 20a And Iakob
robbed the heart of Laban
the Aramean, {in that he
and cf. the polite address, ' my
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
97
Iahvistic.
and moreover he cometh
to meet thee, and four
hundred men with him.'
7 And Iakob was greatly
afraid, and was troubled :
and he divided the people
that was with him, and the
flocks, and the herds, and
the camels, into two bands;
8 and he said, 'If Esav come
to the one band and smite
it, there will be a band left
to escape.' 9 And Iakob
said, 'O God of my father
Abraham, and God of my
father lizchak, ( > [ahveh,
which saidst unto me, Re-
turn unto thine own land
and to thy kindred, and I
will do ill".- good ; " I .mi
unworth} of all the m< n
and all the truth whi< h
thou hast shewed unto th)
servant ; for with m\ I m
[pa ed over this [arden,
bul now 1 .mi become
two band , " I >elivei mi
I pray thee, from the hand
Elohistie.
told him not that he fled]-,
21a and fled with all that
he had; - lc and he set his
face toward the mountain
of Gilead. 22 And it was
told Laban on the third
day that Iakob was fled.
23a And he took his breth-
ren with hi in, and pursued
after him seven days.
23 c And Laban with his
brethren pitched in the
mountain of ( rilead, '-"'''ami
Iakob had pitched his tent
in th<' mountain. 2I And
in a dream of the oighl .
Elohim came to Laban
the Aramean, and said
onto him, ' Take heed 1"
thyself that thoU speak
li' >t In Iaknli cither good
Or had !* '" And l.ahaii
came up \\ itb takob, ami
l i. hi J -aid [to Iakob} [to
him |. ' What basi t QOU
dune t lial t laai h.i I roh-
bed my heart, ami < ir
tied aw a\ m\ daughti i
XXX11
xxxi
21'
2l l
22
2 3"
S
2 5 c
9 25 1
24
1.1
»5"
a6
1 1
x\xii. 5 ; • inasmacfa n^,' 13 L ,v •;, 10, cf. xviii. 5. xix. 8 ; ' seen th)
cf. xxxii. jo ; -i, < lohim,' 1 1 the
paralli the nam P iel ' In txxii. 30; 'Elohim,' tl,
cf. 5; 'urged him,' cf. xix. 3. 9) 13-17 I before,' i| cf. .; ;
' find favour in tin- eyes of,' 15. cf. 8. 10 ; in 13 read :t".ti with i.xx ;
11
9 8
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXXII
\x\ i
28
12 29
I3 b 30
14
15 32
16
33
Iahvistic.
of my brother, from the
hand of Esav : for I fear
him, lest he come and
smite me, mother and
children. { u 'And thou saidst,
I will surely do thee good, and
will make thy seed as the sand
of the sea, which cannot benum-
bered for multitude.] [And
Iakob called the name of
that place, ' Machanaim '
('Bands')]. 13b Andhetook
of that which was in his
hand a present for Esav
his brother, H two hundred
she-goats and twenty he-
goats, two hundred ewes
and twenty rams, 15 thirty
milch camels and their
colts, forty kine and ten
bulls, twenty she-asses and
ten foals. u And he gave
them into the hand of his
servants, drove by drove;
and said unto his servants,
' Pass over before me, and
put a space between drove
and drove.' " And he
Elohistic.
as captives of the sword,
28 and hast not suffered me
to kiss my sons and my
daughters? now hast thou
done foolishly. 29 Like El
is my hand to do you hurt!
But the God of your father
spake unto me yester-
night, saying, Take heed
to thyself that thou speak
unto Iakob neither good
nor had. 80 But now,
even though thou wouldest
needs be gone, because thou
sore longedst after thy
father's house, yet where-
fore hast thou stolen my
gods?' 32 [And Iakob said],
' With whomsoever thou
findest thy gods, he shall
not live : before our breth-
ren discern thou what is
thine with me, and take
it unto thee.' For Iakob
knew not that Rachel had
stolen them. 33 And Laban
went into lakob's tent,
' Seir,' 14. 16, cf. xxxii. 3 ; Sukkoth, coupled with Peniel, cf. Jud. viii.
6 ff; N, of Peniel, and therefore directly away from Seir, cf. 14: the
same Iakob as of old, cf. xxv. 26. xxvii. 15. 27. 43) i8 nc (' encamped,' cf.
xxvi. 17) mj prepares for xxxiv. 3 ff; cf. Jos. xxiv. 32); and the
Elohistic in xxxii. 1. 2 ('Elobim '; 'angels,' cf. xxviii. 12 ; read n:no:
for 'Machaneh', 'Machanoth,' and 'Machanaim,' cf. 'Ramah,' 'Ramoth,'
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
99
Iahvistic.
commanded the foremost
saying, ' When Esav my
brother meeteth thee, and
asketh thee, saying, Whose
art thou ? and, Whither
goest thou ? and, Whose
are these before thee?
18 then thou shalt say, Thy
servant Iakob's ; it is a
present sent unto my lord
Esav ; and behold, he also
is behind us.' I9 And he
commanded also the se-
cond and the third and all
that followed the droves,
saying, ' ( >n this manner
Bhall ye speak unto Ksav,
'" when ye find him : and
ye Bhall say, Moreover,
behold thy servant lakol)
i- behind us.' Foi he said,
' I will < ovi i hia f i< «• with
the present thai goeth be-
fore me ; afterward I will
his fu e, and men per-
adventure In- will lift up
mils Vnd tin' present
p i- • I over before him,
Elohistic.
and into the tent of Leah,
{and into the tent of the two
maid servants) but he found
them not. And he went
out of Leah's tent, and
entered the tent of Rachel.
4 Now Rachel had taken
the household gods, and
put them in the camel-
pannier, and sat upon
t hem. And Laban felt all
aboui the tent but found
them not. 3S And she Baid
1 • > liei- father, ' bet no! I lie
eyes of my lord be angry
that 1 cannot rise up before
1 bee ; lor t he manner of
women is upon me.' Ami
when he had searched and
could not find the house-
hold god . t hen iakoh
\\a> angry, and (diode \\ itli
Laban, And Iakoh an
red and said unto
Laban, ' What is mj I re -
' v, bat LS i'i.\ -in I hat
thou has! hotly pursued
alter me I Whereas fchoU
XXX11
xxxi
34
IS
19
35
20
36
37
and 'Ramathaim' r n 1 b conclud • ■ mt of
place after the express mention ol Elohim in m 19", cf.
the paralle] in uxiiL 10 sod xxxiii. 20 a Fragment ; read nbnaso,
cf. xxviii. iS ; xxxi. 45 ; and cf. the altar ' built ' by Abram at Slici Ik in,
il 2
lOO
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xxxn
xxxi
22
38
-'4
39
40
4i
Iahvistic.
13 a and he tarried there
that night. - 2 And he rose
up that night, and took his
two wives, and his two
handmaids, and his eleven
sons, and [sent them] over
the ford of Iabbok. 23 And
when he had taken them
and sent them over the
stream, and had sent over
[all] that he had, 24 lakob
was left alone. And there
wrestled a man with him
until the breaking of the
day. 25 And when he saw
that he prevailed not
against him he took him
by the hollow of his thigh ;
and the hollow of Iakob's
thigh was sprained as he
wrestled with him. 26 And
he said, ' Let me go, for
the day is breaking.' And
he said, ' I will not let thee
go, except thou bless me.'
J And lie said unto him,
' What is thy name ? ' And
he said, ' lakob.' 28 And
he said, ' Thy name shall
be called nomore'Takob"
Elohistic.
hast felt about all my stuff,
what hast thou found of
all the stuff of thy house-
hold 1 Set it here before
my brethren and thy
brethren, that they may
judge between us two.
38 This twenty years have
I been with thee ; thy
ewes and thy she-goats
have not cast their young,
and the rams of thy flocks
have I not eaten ; 3J that
which was torn of beasts
I brought not unto thee :
I hare the loss of it : of
my hand didst thou re-
quire it, whether stolen by
day, or stolen by night.
40 Thus I Avas : by day the
heat consumed me, and
the frost by night ; and
my sleep departed from
mine eyes. 41 This twenty
years have I been in thine
house : I served thee four-
teen years for thy two
daughters, and six years
for thy flock; and thou
hast changed my wages
xii 7 . xxxii. 12, which is out of place after 11, cf. 9. 10, is an editorial
addition like xiii. 16 etc. ; while the strange and very superfluous
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
IOI
Iahvistic.
("heeler "), but "Iisrael"
("El wrestler"): for thou
hast striven (sara) with
Elohim and with men, and
hast prevailed.' 29 b And
he blessed him there.
31 And the sun rose upon
him as he passed over
{Penuel} [the stream], and
he limped upon his thigh.
32 {Therefore the sons of Iisrael
eat not the sinew of the hip
which is upon the hollow of
the thigh, unto this day ; be-
cause he touched the hollow of
Jakob's thigh in the sinew of the
hip. J 'And {/a/W} [Iisrael]
lifted up his eyes and look-
ind behold, Esav came,
and with him four hundred
men. And he divided the
children onto L ah, and
unto Rachel, and unto the
two handmaids. 'Ami he
put the handmaids and
their children forem
and 1.' ah and her i hildren
after, and Ra< hel and l<>-
seph bindermo I \nd
he h rb
fore them : and he bo
Elohistic.
ten times. 42 Except the
God of my father, the
God of Abraham and the
Awe of Iizchak. had been
for me, then surely hadst
thou sent me away empty.
Elohim hath seen mine
affliction, and the labour
of my hands ; and he re-
buked thee yesternight.'
"And Lilian answered,
and said unto [akob, 'The
women are my daughters,
and the children are my
children, and the flocks
arc my flocks, and all that
thou Beesi is mine: but
what Bhall I do this day
unto the e mj daughter ■
or unto their children
which they have borne '
u Now therefore come, let
ii - make a covenant, I and
thou ; and let t liei v be a
witness between me and
tl.ee' 'And ; [akob] he
took a Btone, and set it up
for a pillar. ' And I iaban
I tn [akob, 1 Behold thii
hi ap, and ; ■ Behold, the j ■ i 1 -
xxxn
xxxi
4-
29/
:.'
33 43
XXXII)
1
M
51
exiilnnnm.n r,f thr Inedibility of the tough sinew of the hip, 32, —
'Therefore the boos <>f [Israel eat not the sinew of the hip which is
102
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK
XXXIII
xxxi
52
53
54
47
Iahvistic.
himself to the ground seven
times, until he drew near
to his brother. "And Esav
ran to meet him, and em-
braced him, and fell on his
neck, and kissed him ; and
they wept. 3 And he lifted
up his eyes, and saw the
women and the children;
and he said, ' Who are
these with thee?' And he
said, ' The children whom
Elohim hath graciously
given to thy servant.' 6 And
the handmaids drew near,
they and their children,
and they bowed them-
selves. 7 And Leah also
and her children drew near,
and bowed themselves :
and after drew Ioseph near
and Rachel, and they bowed
themselves. 8 And he said,
' What meanest thou by all
this band which I have
Elohistic.
lar which I have set up,
52 let {this heap be witness and
the pillar} it be a witness
(eeduh) between me and
thee that I will not pass
over this hill (gal) unto
thee, and that thou wilt
not pass over this hill
{and this pillar} unto me,
for evil. 5S The God of
Abraham, and the God of
Nachor {the God of their
father}, — let them judge
between us.' And Iakob
sware by the Awe of his
father Iizchak. 54 And
Iakob offered a sacrifice on
the mountain, and called
his brethren to eat bread :
and they did eat bread,
and tarried all night on
the mountain. 47 {And La-
ban called it legar-sakadutka} .
And Iakob called it
'Galeed' ('hill of wit-
upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the
hollow of Jakob's thigh in the sinew of the hip ' — must be regarded as
a late gloss. After xxxiii. 1 1 add the naming of Peniel, cf. xxxii. 30.
For xxxiii. i8 b . xxxiv. 1. 2". 4. 6. 8-10. 13-18. 20-25"°. 27-29, see
Priestly Hist. Bk. pp. 171 ff. The parallel story of Shechem and Dinah
in xxxiv. 3. 2* (interrupt 2\ 4) 5 (interrupts 4. 6) 7 (continues 5, cf. 2 b )
II. 12 Shechem treats for himself: in 8-10. 13-18 Chamor negotiates
fir a general marriage alliance 19 (interrupts 18. 20, and is parallel
to 24) 25 1 '. 26 [two of the sons of Iisrael, against the wish of their father,
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
103
Iahvistic.
met ? ' And he said, ' To
find favour in the eyes of
my lord.' 9 AndEsavsaid, T
have much, my brother; let
thine own be thine.' 10 And
{lakob \ [Iisrael] said, ' Nay.
I pray thee, if now I have
found favour in thine eyes,
then receive my present at
my hand : inasmuch as I
have been thy face as one
seeth the face (peni) of a
god (El[ohim]), and thou
wast pleased with me ;
II take, 1 pray thee, my
sing that is brought to
thee; because Elohim hath
dealt graciously with me,
and be* ause I have every-
thing.' And he ui
him, and he look it. [And
Iisrael called the name ol
that plai e, Peniel ' (' El'a
')]. \ii'l Esav]
saiil. I : us take our
journej . an 1 .is we go I
Elohistic.
ness'). 55 And early in
the morning Labau rose
up, and kissed his sons
and his daughters, and
blessed them. And La-
ban departed, and returned
to his own place. x And
lakob went on bis way.
And the angels of Elohim
met him ; 2 and lakob
said when he saw them,
' This is the band (ma-
chaneh) of Elohim !' And
he called the name <>i" thai
place ' Macnan[eh]{aim}.'
21 b And he tarried that
1 1 i <_r 1 j t in \ the j Mm haneh.
* * * *
\im1 [akoh asked him,
and said, ' Tell me, I pray
t hee, thy Dame I ' And
he said, ' Wherefore is it
that thou dosl ask after
my name 1 ' l0 And [akob
called tin; name of the
place, ' Peniel ' : ' for,' said
XXXlll
xxxi
55
10
XXXll
I
I I
21'
39 8
12 30
cf. 30, and not the whole tribe in 1 one* rt, cf. 1 ;,. -7. make ■ raid <>n th<
hem 30. ;,i follow oot on 17 -■>; bul on i< ' . 16 ii
lahvi • l. 7, cf. xix. .;.■ .',.; 5. 16 ;
'cleave onto,' ;,. c£ ii. 24; 'grieved,' 7, d wroth,' 7. cf.
ir . 5 ; * find favour in d of,' ti Restore the opening, at in the
■ . .ii n. 1 epted by Shi 1 hem, 19, may "i may n<>t
been circumcision : the link between ta and 19 is lost. En 5 omil
' that he bad defiled I ttnah bit danghti r/ > f. 13. 37, pp. 17a f, In 7 read
io 4
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XWlll
13
20
XXXV
I
M
i ;
16
Iahvistic.
will go before thee.' 13 And
he said unto him, ' My
lord knoweth that the
children are tender, and
that the flocks and the
herds with me give suck :
and if [I] overdrive them
one day all the flocks will
die : " let my lord, I pray
thee, pass over before his
servant, and I will lead
on softly, according to the
pace of the cattle that is
before me, and according
to the pace of the children,
until I come unto my lord
unto Seir.' 15 And Esav
said, ' Let me now leave
with thee some of the folk
that are with me.' And
he said, ' What needeth it ?
let me find favour in the
eyes of my lord.' 16 And
Esav returned that day on
Elohistic.
he, ' I have seen Elohim
face (pen) to face, yet is
my life preserved ! '
* * * *
2n And he set up {an altar^
[a pillar] there, and called
it 'El, God of Iisrael.'
'And Elohim said unto Ia-
kob, 'Arise, goup to Bethel,
and dwell there, and make
there an altar unto El
who appeared unto thee
when thou fleddest from
the face of Esav thy
brother.' 2 And Iakob said
unto his household, and
to all that were with him,
' Put away the foreign
gods that are among you,
and cleanse yourselves,
and change your garments:
3 and let ub arise, and go
up to Bethel ; and I will
make there an altar unto
lasynn croco^ with lxx. In 30 omit, 'among the Kenaanites and the
J'eri/zites,' cf. xiii. 7 b . This story is continued in xxxv. 5 (the hasty
flight, cf. 30, is not occasioned by anything in xxxv. 1-4; note
'journeyed,' cf. xxxiii. 17 ; and with the ' Elohim-Terror' cf. the 'Iahvch-
Fire' of xix. 24) 6" c ('and the people that were with him,' cf. xxxii. j)
8 ef. xxiv. 59) 16-20° (cf. xxv. 21 ff; 'journeyed from Bethel,' 16, cf.
5. 6"; 17'', cf. xxx. 24; 'she called his name,' 18, cf. iv. 25. xxix. 32\
For xxxv. 6*. 9-13. 15 see Priestly Hist. Bk. pp. 173 f. 14 — 'And Iakob
set up a pillar in the place where he spake with him, a pillar of stone :
and he poured out a drink offering thereon, and poured oil thereon,'
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
I0:
Elohistic.
El, who answered me in
the day of my distress,
and was with me in the
way which I went.' 4 And
they gave unto Iakob all
the foreign gods which
were in their hand, and
the rings which were in
their ears ; and [akob hid
them under the oak which 19
is by Shechem. J And
[akob came to Bethel],
7 and built there an altar,
and call.-d it {(lie place) 'El
hi Bethel'; for Elohim was
tied unto him there 1
when he Bed from the fac<
of Ids brother.
XXX111
XXXV
11
[8 ac
XXXIV
Iahvistic.
hiswaytoSeir. 17 And Iakob
journeyed to Sukkoth, and
built him a dwelling, and
made booths (sukkoth)
for his cattle : therefore
was the name of the place
called 'Sukkoth.' ""And
\lakob\ [Iisrael] came to
Shalem, and encamped
before the city. ,9 And he
bought the parcel of ground
when- he had spread his
tent, at the hand of the
sons of Chamor, the father
of Shechem, foran hundred
pieces of money. ; And tin-
soul of [Shechem, 30D of
Chamor],clave unto Dinah,
\iakoi>s\\ [israelVJdaughter.
And he loved the damsel,
(cf. 10. 20 must b 'I to the Priestly redactor c£ notes on >>. 13,
pp. 172 i j : the s< ttin^ u 1 1 >it ' mazzevahs' is quite foreign to the Bpiril >>t
the Priestly I list Bk. 'I the tame, ot n* a similar editorial hand, must
also 1 'I 20 — 'And [akob -• 1 ap a 1 >i 1 1 nr npon bei grave: the
tame y' ; ai b — ' beyond the
Flock Tower' probably intended ialem,cf. idv.
17. xxii. 1 i re, ' in the vale of Chebron . n. 1 1 ; and aa
'. [isi • I dwelt in that land, that Reuben went
and lay with Bilhah lii. father's concubine : and 1 • 1 of it' (a
preparation t"r xllx. .•,( in view "i sxxv. 10, 'Iakob' lias
Mini- d for ' Zian 1. 10. 1 ■. 5. 7.
1, xxxv. 5. I [n 19 "inn • the
nexv. 1 1 , Eli dc! note ' Elohim,
;- ; cf. KXViii. (8 22 ; ' .' cf. xxxi [9 1 with ' El
1 .1 1 >o<l «.! xxiii. jo ,
to Bethel, 1 l
io6 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXXIV
2*
5
ii
12
19
.},
26
3°
3'
XXXV
Iahvistic.
and spake to the damsel's heart, " 2b and he took her and
lay with her. and humbled her. ° And \lakob\ [Iisrael]
heard of it { that he had defiled Dinah his daughter] ; and his
sons were with his cattle in the field; and {lakob} [Iisrael]
held his peace until they came. 7 And when the sons
of [lakob] [Iisrael] came in from the field, and heard of
it, the men were grieved, and were very wroth that he had
wrought folly in Iisrael in lying with \ Jakob's] [Iisrael's]
daughter, which thing ought not to be done. u And
Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren,
' Let me find favour in your eyes, and what ye shall
say unto me I will give. I2 Ask me never so much
dowry and gift, and I will give according as ye shall
say unto me : but give me the damsel to wife.' * *
19 And the young man deferred not to do the thing, be-
cause he had delight in \ Jakob's] [Iisrael's] daughter: and
he was honoured above all the house of his father. 23b [But
it came to pass] that Shimeon and Levi, Dinah's brethren,
[went out], 2G and they slew Chamor, and Shechem his
son, with the edge of the sword, and they took Dinah
out of Shechem's house, and went forth. 30 And Jakob]
[ Ii>rael] said unto Shimeon and Levi, ' Ye have troubled
me to make me to stink among the dwellers of the land
{among the Kenaanites and the Perizzitesj : and, I being
few in number, they will gather themselves together
against me and smite me, and I shall be destroyed, I
and my house.' sl But they said, ' Should he deal with
our sister as with an harlot?' : 'And they journeyed,
For xxxv. 22 b -xxxvii. 2" see Priestly Hist. Bk. pp. 170 f. 1746°. The
Iahvistic and Elohistic narratives can be traced side by side in xxxvii-
2 M — 36, the former in 3 (' son of his old age,' cf. xxi. 2\ 7) 4. 2 bd (tale-
telling, cf. hatred 4, leads to 1 ?,*) 12. 1 3" (' Iisrael,' cf. 3 ; ' feed the flock,'
cf. 2 h , I4 b (' Shechem,' cf. 12. 13 ; the announcement of Iisrael's arrival
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 107
XXXV
6*>
Iahvistic.
and a great terror was upon the cities that were round
about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of
\ Jakob} [Iisrael]. [And Iisrael came to Bethel], 6b he
and all the people that were with him. 8 And Deborah,
Ribkah's nurse, died, and was buried below Bethel
under the oak : and the name of it was called ' The
Oak of Weeping.' "And they journeyed from Bethel ;
and there was still a little way to come to Ephrath :
and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour. "And
it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the
midwife said unto her, 'Fear not; for this one also is
a son for thee.' I8 And it came to pass, as her soul
was departing, for she died, that she called his name
' Ben-Oni ' (' son of my woe ') : but his father called
him 'Bin-Iamin' ('son of the right-hand'). ""And
Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath
{the same is Bcthlechem: '•"' and Jakob set up a pillar upon her
grave: the same is the pillar oj' Rachel'' s grave unto this day.)
21 And Lisrael journeyed, and Bpread bis tent [in the
vale ofChebron] [beyond the tower of Eder. * And it came
to pass, while lisrael dwelt in that land, thai Reuben went and
lay with Bilhah his father's 1 ont ubine : and lisrael heard oj it j .
at Chebron, Abraham's place of sojourn, xiii. r.8, alter xxxv. 20", has
a displaced by mtxv. 37) irallel of [8* io b . 13 the lon^
rved cloak.it .■- ['lifted op theii ey< 1, and looked, and
behold/ cf. xviil. a. xxiv. 63. xxxiii. 1; th< merchandise, cf. uudi. 15;
' >mr own flesh,' cf. 11. 33. xadx. 1 1 ^ s1, ' sell,' cf. 37 ; ' Iishmaelites,' cf.
25. 37 31. .-,.•' the cloak, 3. 13, brought to Ink..!); 'whethei 01 no,'
cf. xviie ! ; 'an evil beasl bath devoured him,' cf.
35 1 ''■ ; and thi latt 1 in . m, cf. a . ;. 11. 1. 3 ■•iii. 1 2. \
11. _• 1 6 8". 9 11 ' envy,' cf. ' bate ' in >. 4 ; the mothei ires alread)
dead in sxxv. [9 1 . 11 n am [,'cf. xxii. 1. 11. ucvil. 1. uzi. 1 1 1 1 1 '
(parallel of 13*) 17'' 'Dothan,' cf. 'Shechem,' ra. 13. 1 1 18*. 19
(' lord of dreams,' cf. 5*. 6 ff) so" ns') 21". j-- parallel ol n b :
' and he said . . . and said ' ; ' k< aben,' cf. n*, cf. ■ \< badafa ' In
16
17
18
iy ft
20
21
22
ioS
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXXV11
12
i3 a
M l
i8 b
10
Iahvistic.
3 Now Iisrael loved Ioseph
more than all his sons, be-
cause he was the son of
his old age ; and he made
him a long cloak with
sleeves. ''And his bre-
thren saw that their father
loved him more than all
his brethren, and they
hated him, and could not
speak peaceably unto him.
[ 2b And when] his brethren
fed the flock, the lad
{Ioseph} would bring an
evil report of them unto
their father. 12 And his
brethren went to feed their
father's flock in Shechem.
13a And Iisrael said unto
Ioseph, ' Do not thy bre-
thren feed the flock in
Shechem ? come, and I
will send thee unto them.'
'"'And he sent him out of
the vale of Chebron, and
he came to Shechem.
18b But before he came
near unto them they con-
spired against him to slay
Elohistic.
8 And Ioseph dreamed a
dream. And he told it
to his brethren {and they
hated him yet the more}, "and
said unto them, ' Hear, I
pray you, this dream which
I have dreamed : 7 for, be-
hold, we were binding
sheaves in the field, and,
lo, my sheaf arose and
also stood upright; and,
behold, your sheaves came
round about and bowed
down to my sheaf.' 8 And
his brethren said to him,
' Shalt thou indeed reign
over us? or shalt thou
indeed have dominion
over us 1 {And they hated
him yet the more for his dreams,
and for his words.} 9 And
he dreamed yet another
dream, and told it to his
brethren, and said, ' Be-
hold, I have dreamed yet
a dream ; and, behold, the
sun and the moon and the
eleven stars bowed down
tome.' 10 {And he told it to
• lay no hand upon him,' cf. xxii. 12) 24 ('pit,' cf. 22) 28 ac {Midianites
find Ioseph in the pit, 22. 24, draw him out, and take him to Mizraiim) 29.
30 " Reutan,' 'pit,' cf. 22) 32* ('and they sent' ... a message? cf.
f brought the coat,' 32'') 34 (parallel to 35 ; ' Iakob,' cf. ' Iisrael,' 3. 13 ;
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
109
Iahvistie.
him,[and they said |, 20b AW
will say, An evil beast hath
devoured him.' 2:i And it
came to pass, when Ioseph
was come unto his bre-
thren, that they stripped
Ioseph of his cloak, the long
cloak with sleeves that was
on him. alb But [Iehudah]
delivered him out of their
hand, and said, ' Let us
not take his life ! ' u And
as they sat down to eat
bread, they lifted up their
3 and looked, and be-
hold, a caravan of lish-
maelites tainc from ( lilt -ad
with their 1 amels, 1" aring
8pi( ery and halm and
myrrh, going to 1 any it
down in Mizraiim. And
I. hudah said unto Ins
brethren, ' Whal profit is it
if we slay our brother,
i on< eal hi9 blood? ■■'< 'ome,
and let us sell liim to the
h hma nd lei no! otu
hand I"- upon him [ ; for h<
our brother, oui own Qi h.'
And his brethren heark-
21"] 1
Elohistie.
his father, and to his brethren. } onb
And his father rebuked
him, and said unto him,
" What is this dream that
thou hast dreamed 1 Shall
I and thy mother and thy
brethren indeed come to
how down ourselves to
thee to the earth 1 ' "And
his brethren envied him,
but his father kept the say-
ing in mind. [ And it came
to pass after these things
that Jakob spake unto
Ioseph, and said. ' Ioseph.' |
1;l '.\nd he said to him,
• Bere am [.' Wa And he
Baid to him, ' ( k> now .
whether it be well with
thy brethren, and well
with t he flock ; and bring
me word again.' | ' toid a
,in man found him,
old, I"' was wandering in
the fii Id : and the man a
him, saying, ' W hat si
thon '' "And he said, ' I
( ■ thren : tell 1 !
where they are
1 ■ An- 1 the man
said,' They aredeparti ■! hi
i 4 «
-7
16
'7
his gara Midianiti t, < f. 1
sia\ ai onmarried officer "f Pharaoh .
iving of harmonizing
additions: ing ^hated(cf.^ him yet the more,' which looka
1 10
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXIVll
2 Sk
31
32
i8 a
1)
2C<
20 (
33
21'
22
35 c
35 ah
24
Iahvistic.
encd unto him, 28b and then-
sold Ioseph to the Iish-
maelites for twenty pieces
of silver. 31 And they took
Ioseph's cloak, and killed
a he-goat, and dipped the
cloak in the blood, s2b the
long cloak with sleeves, and
brought it to their father,
and said, ' This we have
found : know now whether
it be thy son's cloak or not.'
33 And he knew it, and said,
' It is my son's cloak ; an
evil beast hath devoured
him ; Ioseph is without
doubt torn in pieces.'
36c And his father wept for
him ; 35ab and all his sons
and all his daughters rose
up to comfort him, but he
refused to be comforted,
and said, ' Yea, I will go
down to Sheol unto my
Elohistic.
for I heard them say, Let us
go to Dothan.'} And Io-
seph went after his bre-
thren, and found them in
Dothan. I8a And they saw
him afar oft', 19 and said
one to another, ' Behold
this lord of dreams is
coming. 20a Come now
therefore, and let us slay
him, {and cast him into one of
the pits}, 20c and we shall
see what will become of
his dreams.' 21a But Reu-
ben heard it, 22 and { Reuben}
said unto them, ' Shed no
blood ; cast him into this
pit that is in the wilder-
ness, but lay no hand
upon him ' : that he might
{deliver him out of their hand}
restore him to his father.
24 And they took him, and
cast him into the pit; and
back on 4 ; in 8 — ' And they hated (cf. 4) him yet the more for his
dreams anticipates 9—1 r) and for his words' ^cf. 2 b , evil report); in
10 — ' And he told it to his father, and to his brethren,' which repeats o a ;
and in 15-17", a colourless incident to explain Ioseph's presence both at
Shechem and Dothan. In I3 b restore 'And Iakob spake unto Ioseph,
and said, Ioseph,' cf. xxii. 1. 11. xxvii. 1. xxxi. 11. In 20 omit 'and
cast him into one of the pits' which anticipates Reuben's suggestion in
22. In 21 restore ' Iehudah ' as subject of 'delivered him out of their
hand,' cf. 26. In 22 omit 'Reuben,' repeated from 2i a , and the ex-
pression 'deliver him out of their hand,' cf. 2i b , and in 27 the words
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
i ii
Iahvistic.
son mourning.' la And
Ioseph was brought down
toMizraiim; and|P tiphar,
an eunuch of Pharaoh's, the
chief- executioner]- a Aliz-
raiimite bought him of the
hand of the Iishmaelites
who had brought him
down thither. - And Iah-
veh was with Ioseph, and
made him a prosperous
man while in the house of
his master the Mizraiimite.
s And his master saw that
Iahveh was with him, and
that Iahveh made all that
he did to prosper in his
hand ; "and [oseph found
favour in his eyes, '' and
he made him ovei
over his bouse, an 1 all
that he had he pul into his
band ' And it < ame to
pass from the time thai he
made him overseer in his
Elohistic.
the pit was empty, no
water was iu it. 28a And
there passed by Midianites,
merchantmen ; and they
drew and lifted up Ioseph
out of the pit, 28c and
brought Ioseph into Miz-
raiim. 29 And Reuben re-
turned unto the pit; and,
behold, Ioseph was not in
the pit ; and he rent his
clothes, "and returned
unto his brethren, and
<;i id, 'The child is not;
and I. whither shall I go !'
And they sent . . .
* * *
1 And [akob rent his gar-
ments, and ]iui sackcloth
upon his loins. and
mourned for Ids bod man;
days. M And the Midian-
il Bold him into Mozraiim
unto Potiphar, an eunuch
of Pharaoh's, the chief
XXXI X
xxxvii
a
28 a
28C
29
30
32 a
4 a 34
36
• and let not onr hand be upon him/ cf. 22. The tahvistic narrative it
continued In xxxix. 1 4". e 13 ' Iighmaelites,' 1, cf. xxxvii, 25. .'7;
to prospi 1." , cf. xxiv. >i.
40. 42. - : <>; 'find favour In thi ' \.2i\ tf», 1 cf. udv. -v. \2.
vni. [6 . and ih<- Elohistic in xxxix. 1' Interrupt 1 y* . 1 t. xl
2-23 ■ 1 In' t exi a ; 1 1. xxxvii. 36 ; ' itolen, 1
not ' bought,' xxxvii. .js 1 '; drean ivil. 5*. 6 ff). In xxxix. 1 omit
'Potiphar, on eunuch oh, the duel executioner/ cf. xxxvii. .','■.
1 1 2
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXS1X
4 1 '
xl
Iahvistic.
house and over all that he
had, that Iahveh blessed
the house of the Mizraiim-
ite for Ioseph's sake ; and
the blessing of Iahveh was
upon all that he had, in the
house and in the field.
6 And he left all that he
had in Ioseph's hand so
that he knew not aught
that was his save the bread
which he did eat. Now
Ioseph was comely, and
well favoured. 7 And it
came to pass after a time,
that his master's wife did
cast her eyes on Ioseph ;
and she said, 'Lie with me.'
8 But he refused, and said
unto his master's wife, 'Be-
hold, my master knoweth
not what is with me in the
house, and he hath put all
that he hath into my hand ;
9 nor is he himself greater
Elohistic.
executioner ; ih and he was
servant unto him. ] And it
came to pass after these
things, {that the butler of the
king of Mizraiim and his baker
offended their lord the king of
Mizraiim} 2 that Pharaoh
was wroth against his two
eunuchs, the chief-butler
and the chief-baker; 3 and
he put them in ward in
the house of the chief-
executioner { into the prison,
the place where Ioseph was
bound}. 4 And the chief-
executioner put Ioseph in
charge of them, and he
was servant unto them :
and they continued a sea-
son in ward. 5 And they
dreamed a dream both of
them, each man his dream,
in one night, each man a
dream with its meaning
| the butler and the baker of
the king of Mizraiim, which
superfluous before 'a man of Mizraiim/ cf. 2. 5, and out of place,
because the eunuch Potiphar would have no wife, cf. 7 ff. In 10 omit
the marginal gloss 'to be with her.' In 20 omit ' the place where the
kind's prisoners were bound,' cf. xl. : a private man's slave would not be
put among the state prisoners, xl. 1 — ' And it came to pass after these
things, that the butler of the king of Mizraiim and his baker offended their
lord the king of Mizraiim ' is, except the first clause, a gloss : note ' king
of Mizraiim,' instead of 'Pharaoh,' 2. 7. 1 1 ; and ' butler,' instead of 'chief
butler.' In 3 omit ' into the prison, the place where Ioseph was bound,'
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
U3
Iahvistic.
in this house than I am ;
neither hath he kept back
anything from me but thee,
thou being his wife : how
then can I do this great
wickedness, and sin against
Elohim ? ' 10 And it came
to pass, as she spake to
Ioseph day by day, that
he hearkened not unto her
to lie with her {to Le with
her}. "And it came to pass
about this time, that he
went into the house to do
his work, and there was
none of the men of the
house there within. ls And
she caught him by his gar-
ment, sa\ ing, I .ie with
me : and he I'll I
ment in her hand, and fled,
and got him out ' And
it cam-' to pa -, when Bhe
thai he had left his
garment in her hand, and
Elohistic.
were bound in the prison}.
6 And when Ioseph came
in unto them in the morn-
ing and saw them, behold,
they were sad. 7 And he
asked Pharaoh's eunuchs
that were with him, in
ward in his master's house,
saying, ; Wherefore look
ye so sadly to-day ? ' 8 And
they said unto him, ' We
have dreamed a dream,
and there is none thai can
interpret it.' And Ioseph
•aid unto them, ' I >o no!
interpretations belong to
Elohim 1 but tell it me I
pray you.
And the
chief-bul ler told his dream
to Coseph, and said to him.
In my dream, behold, B
vine was before me ; '"and
on the vine wire three
branches : and scarcely
had it jpronted when its
XXXIX
xl
10
I I
I -•
IJl 10
cf. xxxix. 20. In g •■ii.it ' th<- butler and the baka of the king <>(
Mizraiim which were bound in the prison,' 1 1 xxxix. jo. xl. i. 3. In 15,
omit ' and here also have I done do il they should put me into
the dungeon,' cf. xxxix. 11 20. Thatxli Is the continuation ol
from 9-13, and ft'>m numerous signs thai the narrativ* is Elohi ti<
dream 1; ' 1 lohim,' r6 if 1 ; • . [0 eph oj the
•I'imii-r, 1 J. if. xl, y.i, \ a pi , c f xxxix. to J.;. The
d half of the 'I \\ all n lis : .;o
and 31, 34 1, and 35, 40 and ( 1 . 1 - i and it i. ; ' and r> • 1
1
ii 4
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
XXXIX
xl
'4
1 1
12
»5
13
16
'7
14
18
I ah vi stic.
was fled forth, " that she
called unto the men of the
house, and spake unto
them, saying, ' See, he
hath brought in an Hebrew
unto us to wreak his folly
upon us ; he came in unto
me to lie with me, but I
cried with a loud voice :
15 and it came to pass, when
he heard that I lifted up
my voice and cried, that
he left his garment by me,
and fled, and got him out.'
10 And she laid up his gar-
ment by her until his
master came home. 17 And
she spakeunto him accord-
ing to these words, saying,
• The Hebrew slave which
thou hast brought unto us,
came in to me to wreak
his folly upon me; l8 and
it came to pass, as I lifted
up my voice and cried,
Elohistic.
bloom shot forth, and its
grape - clusters ripened.
11 And Pharaoh's cup was
in my hand ; and I took
the grapes, and pressed
them into Pharaoh's cup,
and I gave the cup into
Pharaoh's hand.' "And
Ioseph said unto him,
' This is the interpretation
thereof: the three branches
are three days ; 13 within
yet three days shall Pha-
raoh lift up thine head,
and restore thee unto thine
office : and thou shalt give
Pharaoh's cup into his
hand, alter the former
manner when thou wast
his butler. u Only have
me in remembrance when
it shall be well with thee,
and shew kindness, I pray
thee, unto me, and make
mention of me unto Pha-
nnd 56"° and 57 b . Apparently fragments of the Iahvistic parallel, in-
troductory to xlvii. 13 ft", have here been worked into the Elohistic
narrative : note ' fifth part,' 34, cf. xlvii. 24 ; 'as the sand of the sea,' 49,
cf. xxxii. 12;' famine sore in the land,' ^6 C . 57 b , cf. xliii. 1. xlvii. 4. The
insertion of 31 has disarranged the Elohistic passage, which should run 29.
30. 28. 32. 35 follows on 34". 43". 45. 48. 50-53. 54". 55. 56 1 ", and 41 .
14 omit >)EV^ nnc 43''. 46*'. 47. 49 make improved texts. The
Iahvistic account of Ioseph's release from prison is omitted, as also the
corresponding section in the Priestly Hist. Bk. In 10 read on** for tn
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
1 I :
Iahvistic.
that he left his garment by
me and fled out.' "And
it came to pass, when his
master heard the words of
his wife, which she spake
unto him, saying, ' After
this manner did thy slave
unto me,' that his wrath
was kindled. \nd Io-
seph's master took him
and threw him into prison
the place where the king's
prisoners were bound}. But
while Ioseph was in pri
21 lahveh w.is with him,
and shewed kindness unto
him, and him favour
in tl of ihe pri
keeper. : And the prison*
per entrusted t>> the
band of Eoseph all the
prisoners th.it were in the
prison : and wlii
they did there, he was
the doer of it. I he
prison-kei pi i looked nol
nythingthal w.is under
Elohistic.
raoh, and bring me out of
this house : ,5 for indeed I
was stolen away out of
the land of the Hebrews,
j and here also have I clone
nothing that they should put me
into the dungeon}.' 16 Winn
now, the chief-baker saw
that the interpretation Svas
good, he said uuto Ioseph,
' I also was in my dream,
and, behold, three baskets
of white bread were on
in\ head : 1T and in the
uppermosl baskel there
was of all manner of bake-
meate for Pharaoh ; and
the birds did eal them
wut of the basket upon
my head.' '' A ad [oseph
answered and said, ' This
is i lie mi, i |,i etation
thereof : the I bree baskets
are t hree days ; ' ' « ithin
yel t hive .1.1-, hull Pha
raoh lilt up thy bead from
oil' thee, and Bhall banc
XXXIX
xl
19
16
20
-•-'
IS
with lxx; in 1 |. n*a f^r -1-; with 1 • t Fori 11. j6* ■ ■ Pri itl) Hist
Hk- p. i;r The Iahvistic pa il [3 n imini was
in the land,' 13 io, 1 1. ■■ li Lii£, 1 slvii. » ; 'livi
vlii. i. xliii. h ; ' imd favoui in the < In itsi on
text among thi I [menUofxli. 1 ; it the Priest])
redactor ha^ made various additions: hi 13, 1 |. 15, 'and the land «.(
Kenaan ' , n, ' only the land of the priests bought he not: fortheprii I
1 2
n6
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xxxix
xl
20
xli
30 c
3t
21
34'
22
41
23
44
xli
i
Iahvistic.
his hand, because Iahveh
was with him; and what-
soever he did, Iahveh made
it to prosper.
* * *
30c 'And the famine shall
consume the land, 8l and
the plenty shall not be
known in the land by
reason of that faminewhich
followeth ; for it shall be
very grievous. S4 b And
let Pharaoh take up the
fifth part of the land of
Mizraiim in the seven
plenteous years.' 41 And
Pharaoh said unto Ioseph,
' See, I have placed thee
over all the land of Miz-
raiim ' ; 44 and { Pharaoh } he
said {unto Ioseph}, 'I am
Pharaoh, and without thee
shall no man lift up his
hand or his foot in all
the land of Mizraiim';
Elohistie.
thee on a tree ; and the
birds shall eat thy flesh
from off thee.' M And it
came to pass the third
day, which was Pharaoh's
birthday, that he made a
feast unto all his servants :
and he lifted up the head
of the chief-butler and the
head of the chief-baker
anions his servants : 2I the
chief-butler he restored to
his butleiship again, and
he gave the cup into
Pharaoh's hand : 22 but he
hanged the chief-baker :
as Ioseph had interpreted
unto them. n Yet did not
the chief-butler remember
Ioseph, but forgot him.
'And at the end of two
full years it came to pass
that Pharaoh dreamed :
and, behold, he stood by
the river. 2 And lo, out of
had a portion from Pharaoh, and did eat their portion which Pharaoh
gave them ; wherefore they sold not their land,' which interrupts 21. 23,
and reveals the profession of the interpolator ; and 26, ' And Ioseph
made it a statute concerning the land of Mizraiim unto this day that
Pharaoh should have the fifth ; only the land of the priests alone
became not Pharaoh's.' In 16 supply DDi from LXX; in 21 read
z --, :r7 inH Vayn with LXX; and in 24 omit □3E^'i ^3*oi with
1. xx. xlii. 1-9 may be somewhat conjccturally but sufficiently
clearly, separated into Iahvistic [i° (jead 'Iisrael') 2 (supply ' to his
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
Iahvistic.
43 b and he placed him over
all the land of Mizraiim.
4 * b And Ioseph went out
from the presence of Pha-
raoh, and went throughout
all the land of Mizraiim.
47 And in the seven plen-
teous years the earth
brought forth by hand-
fills. *' And Ioseph laid
up corn as the sand of the
sea, very much, until he
left numbering ; for it was
without number.
* * *
\nd the famine was
grievous in the land of
Mizraiim ; ' and there
was no br< ad in all the
land, bo that the land ol
Mizraiim [and the land ol
Kenaan] fail I d b) r<
of the famii l *And
tiered up all the
mone) th ii was found in
Elohistic.
the river came up seven
kine, well-favoured and
fat-fleshed ; and they fed
in the reed-grass. 3 And
lo, seven other kine came
up alter them out of the
river, ill-favoured and
lean-fleshed ; and they
stood by the other kine on
the hank of the river.
1 And the ill-favoured and
lean-fleshed kine did eat
up the seven well-favoured
and tat kine. And Pha-
raoh awoke. " And he
dipt ami dreamed a
ond t line : and. behold,
seven ears of corn came
up "i e stalk thick am!
id. " A nd. behold, se^ en
ea i b t bin and parched by
t he eai I w ind, Bprang up
after them. ' And I be
thin eai wallov ed up the
■ ii t hick and full c.n-.
xli
43 1 '
4 6 h
47
40
56 c
xlvii
'3
'4 7
frmn the parallel in i i 'lesl peradventnre mischiel
him,' cf. xliv. :<) ; supply from .(". ' But <>t Uiniamin he lid, I le skall
not go 1 bow<
them him with their faces to the earth,' cl i liii. 26 itlviii.
I lohistic [i b r ■ i .
('dreams,' cf. xxxvii. 6 io tinuations of the con
narratives in xli. In 6 omit ' ■■• noi late word c^tfn ovi i thi
land': the text probably ran 'on Min novr I b< Elol
un in xlii. lo , !■:< ubl n
llS
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xlvii
xli
IS
16
10
1 1
12
18
Iahvistic.
the land of Mizniiim {and
in the land of Kenaanj, for
the corn which was
bought : and Ioseph
brought the money into
Pharaoh's house. u, And
when the money was all
spent in the land of Miz-
raiitn {and in the land of
Kenaan}, all the Mizraiim-
ites came unto Ioseph and
said, ' Give us bread : for
why should we die in thy
presence? for our money
failedi.' ''And Ioseph said,
' Give your cattle, and I
will give you [bread] for
your cattle, if money fail.'
17 And they brought their
cattle unto Ioseph : and
Ioseph gave them bread
in exchange for the horses,
and for the flocks, and
for the herds, and for the
asses : and fed them with
bread in exchange for all
their cattle for that year.
18 And when that year was
Elohistic.
And Pharaoh awoke, and
behold it was a dream.
8 And it came to pass in
the morning that his mind
\v;is troubled ; and he sent
;nid called for the holy
scribes of Mizraiim, and
all the wise men thereof:
and Pharaoh told them
his dream[s],but there was
none that could interpret
them unto Pharaoh. 9 And
the chief-butler spake unto
Pharaoh, saying, ' Of my
faults T must make men-
tion this day. I0 Pharaoh
was wroth against his
servants, and put [them] in
ward in the house of the
chief-executioner, me and
the chief-baker : u and we
dreamed a dream in one
night, I and he ; we
dreamed each man a dream
with its meaning. 12 And
there was with us there a
young man, an Hebrew,
slave of the chief-execu-
ns leader, 22. 37, cf. xxxvii. 22. 29 ; discovery of the money at home,
35, cf. ' provision lor the way,' 25 ; ' Iakob,' 29. 36. The Iahvistic parallel
26 2 8 a (discovery of the money at the lodging- place, cf. xliii. 21 ; note
• bag,' not ' sack,' 25. 35 ; restore ' bag' in 27") 38 (' if mischief befall him,'
cf. 4 b ; ' gray hairs with sorrow to Sheol,' cf. xxxvii. 35. xliv. 29) may be
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
119
Iahvistic.
ended, they came unto him
the second year, and said
unto him. ' We will not
hide from my lord how
that our money is all spent,
and the herds of cattle are
my lord's : there is nought
left in the sight of my lord,
but our bodies and our
lands : 19 wherefore should
we die before thine ey< s,
both we and our land?
buy us and our land for
bread, and we and our
land will be slaves unto
Pharaoh : and give DS seed
that we may live and not
die, and that the land be
notdest • And [oseph
bought all the 1 Hid of Miz-
rahm for Pharaoh : for the
Mizraiirnitea sold every
man his field, 1 the
; ievous ii] on
them, and the land 1" 1 ime
Pharaoh's. ' And as for
xlvii
xli
Elohistie.
tioner; and we told him,
and he interpreted to us
our dreams ; to each man
according to his dream did
he interpret. ls And it
came to pass, as he inter-
preted to us, so it was :
me they restored to my of-
fice, and him they hanged.'
14 And Pharaoh sent and 19 14
called [oseph, and they
brought him hastily out
of the jdungeonj [house],
and he shaved himself, and
changed his raiment, and
came in unto Pharaoh.
And Pharaoh said unto
I eph, ' 1 have dreamed
a dream, and there is mine .
t hat can interpret ii : bul
1 have heard Baj of t hee
that thon hasi onlj to
hear a dream to interpi el
it.' \nd [oseph an-
red Pharaoh saj ing ' It
i aol in me : Elohim -hall 21
e.'. i<; 13. xliii. 7 11. iii 20 <niiit the k' ,,ss ' aMi ' they
did
xliii an'l xliv rly [ahviltic : ' fami land,' xliii. I,
cf. xl: JO ; ' ii htidah,' cf. ■
xlii. 22. 37, tal lead, 3. 8. xliv. 14. 18; '1 6 - 1 1 .
' live and aol die, 1 B. 1 f. xlii. 2 ; the pn lent, 1 1 . 1 I ii. 25 ;
• bags,' 1 2. i«. j 1 « f. xlii. 2- . xliv
xiu 2- ; ' bowed down t h< niselw 1 to him to the earth,' a6, • 1 ili
I JO
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xlvii
'7
22
23 19
24
20
21
2^
11
26 *3
Iahvistic.
the people { he removed them
to the cities [ [he made them
slaves] from one end of
Mizraiim to the other.
\f : Only the laud of the priests
bought he not : for the priests
had a portion from Pharaoh,
and did eat their portion which
Pharaoh gave them : icdierefore
they sold not their land. J
And Ioseph said unto
the people, ' Behold, I
have bought you this day
and your land for Pharaoh :
lo, here is seed for you,
and ye shall sow the land.
u And it shall come to
pass, at the ingatherings ;
that ye shall give a fifth
unto Pharaoh, and four
parts shall be your own,
for seed of the field, and for
your food, and for them
of your households {and
for food for your little ones J.'
-'And they said, 'Thou
hast saved our lives : let
us find favour in the eyes
of my lord, and we will be
slaves unto Pharaoh. { n And
Joseph made it a statute con-
Elohistic.
give Pharaoh an answer
of peace.' n And Pharaoh
spake unto Ioseph, ' In my
dream, heboid, I stood on
the bank of the river :
18 and lo, there came up
out of the river seven
kine fat-fleshed and well-
favoured ; and they fed in
the reed-grass : 19 and he-
hold, seven other kine
came up after them, poor
and very ill-favoured and
lean-fleshed, such as 1
never saw in all the land
of Mizraiim for badness:
and the lean and ill-
favoured kine did eat up
the first seven fat kine :
21 and when they had eaten
them up, it could not he
known that they had eaten
them ; hid they were still
ill-favoured as at the be-
ginning; and I awoke.
22 And I saw in my dream,
and, behold, seven ears
came up on one stalk, full
and good: ^ and, behold,
seven ears, withered, thin,
' lifted up his eyes and saw,' 29, cf. xviii. 2. xxiv. 63. xxxiii. 1. xxxvii. 25 ;
' child of his old age,' xliv. 20, cf. xxi. 2". xxxvii. 3 ; 'his brother is dead,
ami he alone is left,' 20, cf. xlii. 38; 'tear in pieces/ 28, cf. xxxvii. 33;
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
121
Iahvistic.
cerning the land of Mizraiim
unto this day, that Pharaoh
should have the fifth ; only the
land of the priests became not
Pharaoh's.'- Mb And there
was famine in all lands ;
but in all the land of Miz-
raiim there was bread.
57 And all countries came
into Mizraiim to Ioseph
for to buy corn, because
the famine was grievous
in all the earth. la And
when {Iakob} [Iisrael] saw-
that there was corn in Miz-
raiim, "he said [to his sons],
Bi hoi 1. I have heard that
ih<re is corn in Mizraiim :
get you down thither, and
buy for us from then< e,that
we may live and not die.'
But of Biniamin he said,
' I [e shall not w down, |
• b lesl peradventure a
< hief befall him.
And
the sons of Iisrael came
to buy among th< ra that
Elohistic.
[and] parched bj the east
wind, sprang up after
them : "* and the thin ears
swallowed up the seven
good ones : and I told it
unto the holy scribes, but
there was none that could
declare it unto me.' 25 And
Ioseph said unto Pharaoh,
• The dream of Pharaoh
is one: what Elohim is
about to do he hath de-
clared onto Pharaoh. '■' The
seven good kim- are -even
years : and t he seven good
e.n - are b&\ en j ears : the
dream is one. And the
seven lean and ill-favoui ed
Line thai came up after
them are Beven yi ara, and
also t be seven empty eai -
parched by t lie east wind :
they shall he seven j i
of famine. '' I'" bold, t bi re
come seven yeai ol gr< at
plenty throughoui all the
xli
24
M
xlii
a
< .lllle.
Now foseph land <>t M izraiim
-7
JQ
and '• .'/
..1,
LI him, 1 ; ' gray haira with torrow to Sheol,
xxxvii. 35. xlii. 38, In xlii. 37 Reuben proposes ii
return to r» 1 bnl in diii. 1 li I 1 Lasl
through lnik ol food in Kenaan : xlii. 38, which 11 in its righl place
diii. 7, has I i word 1 %\ ith [< hudah's
diii, i} 1 tly Hi.t. Bk. p. 177. In .•.','' omit 'And he
brought Milium.! oat unto them,' which internipl f, and ha
1 2 2
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xli
28
-c
32
xliv
33
[xliii
7]
[xliv
,oj
3 r'
Iahvistic.
- the governor over the
land] himself sold to all
the people of the land,
and when {Ioseph's} [his]
brethren came and bowed
themselves down to him
with their faces to the
earth, 8 Ioseph knew his
brethren, but they knew
not him. 7c And [IosephJ
said unto them, ' Whence
come ye ? ' and they said,
■ From the land of Kenaan
to buy food.' [ l0 And
Ioseph spake to them, say-
ing, 'Have ye a father?
7 Is he yet alive ? Have
ye a brother? ' 20 and
they said unto him, ' We
have a father, an old
man, and a child of his
old age, a little one ; and
his brother is dead, and
he alone is left of his
mother, and his father
21
Elohistic.
there shall arise after them
seven years of famine;
and all the plenty shall be
forgotten in the land of
Mizraiim. 28 That is the-
thing which 1 spake unto
Pharaoh : what Elohim is
about to do he hath
shewed unto Pharaoh.
32 And for that the dream
was doubled unto Pha-
raoh, it is because the
tiling is established of
Elohim ; and Elohim will
shortly bring it to pass.
s3 Now therefore let Pha-
raoh look out a man dis-
creet and wise, and set
him over the land of Miz-
raiim. 34a And let him
appoint overseers over the
land ; 88 and let them
gather all the food of
these good years that
come, and lay up corn
under tin- hand of Pharaoh
loveth him.' "'And Ioseph
inserted with an eye on xlii. 24. In xliv. 1 supply ' Ioseph ' from LXX.
Omit 'and put every man's money in his bag's mouth,' and in 2, 'and
his corn money,' as attempts to heighten the generosity of Ioseph :
nothing is said of the finding of the money in 11. 12. In 4 supply from
: ' why have ye stolen my silver cup.' In 16 omit ' Iehudah,' and read
ncx'i : note ' what shall we say' ; in 18 Iehudah draws near to speak.
xlv is a difficult chapter. That it is composite is clear from the
presence alike of Iahvistic ('sold into Mizraiim,' 4, cf. xxxvii. 27. 28;
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
"3
Iahvistic.
said unto them, ' Bring
him down unto me, that I
may set mine eyes upon
him.' '"'And they said
unto him, ' The lad can-
not leave his father : for
if he should leave his
father, his father would
die.' 2: * And Ioseph said
unto hi> brethren, ' Except
your youngest brother
come down with you, ye
shall seemyf.u e no more.' I
And they laded their
■ s with their corn, and
departed then* e. '-" And as
the first opened his {sack}
bag |togivehis .i v ~ pri (ven-
der at the lodging-place,
he espied his money ; and.
behold, it was in the mouth
of his bag. -'' ' And he said
unto bis brethren, 'My
money is r< 01 I J and
lo it is even in my |
\nd when they opened
their bags, behold, every
Elohistic.
for food in the cities, and
let them keep it. 36 And
the food shall he for a
store to the land against
the seven years of famine,
which shall he in the land
of Mi/.raiim ; that the
land perish not through
the famine.' S7 And the
thing w;is good in Pha-
raoh's eves, and in the
eyes of all his servants.
38 Ami Pharaoh said unto
his servants, ' Tan we find
-mil an one as this, in
whom is the spirit of
Elohim I' "And Pharaoh
said onto [oseph, ' Foras-
much ai Blohim hath
shewed thee all this, there
i- none so di 11 reel and
w ise as thou ait : '" t boo
shall be over mj bouse,
and 11 lit n thy lie mt 1 1 dial I
all in\ people rabmil t hem
elves : only in i lie 1 hrone
di.ill I I • ' ■ i- t han
[xlivl
xli
36
[..]
['3]
37
38
xlii
26
-'7
39
xliii
1 . hen,' 10, cf. \M. 18, not 'Mizrailm' u lo [8. .-o. itlvi, .( ; favoni
toward Biniamin, 22, cf. xliii. .■, 1 . I liii. 7. 2-. is ;
j 1. 2S ; • tx fore 1 dii .' 1. ■■ li\ 19, .'.i and
Elohistii 1 J 0; 'Iakob, 1 i?\ 'pi foi the way,'
31, cf. xlii. 2? ; 'good in I'har.v and in tie ey< • "I In
16, cf. xli. 37 ; the spreading oi thi news in Pharaoh Icob'i
12 4
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xlii
xli
»8 b
xliii
i
4-*
3 45
4 8
Iahvistic.
man's money was in
the mouth of his bag.]
28 "And their heart failed
them. * : And the famine
was grievous in the land.
- And it came to pass,
when they had made an
end of eating the corn
which they had brought
from Mizraiim, their father
said unto them, ' Go again,
buy us a little food.' 3 And
lehudah spake unto him,
saying, ' The man did
solemnly protest unto us,
saying, Ye shall not see
my face except your
brother be with you. 4 If
thou wilt send our brother
with us, we will go down
and buy thee food : ° but
if thou wilt not send him,
we will not go down : for
the man said unto us,
Ye shall not see my face
except your brother be
with you.' '' And Iisrael
. ' W'lurefore dealt ye
Elohistic.
thou.' 42 And Pharaoh
took off his signet ring
from his hand, and put it
ujion the hand of Ioseph,
and arrayed him iu vesture
of fine linen, and put a
gold chain about his neck ;
43a and he made him to
ride in the second chariot
which he had; and they
cried before him, ' Abrech,
bow the knee ! ' 4r 'And
Pharaoh called Ioseph's
name ' Zaphenath-Pane-
ach ' (' preserver of life '),
and gave him to wife Ase-
nath, the daughter of
Potiphera, priest of On.
And Ioseph went out over
the land of Mizraiim, 48 and
gathered up all the food
of the seven years which
were in the land of Miz-
raiim, and laid up the
food in the cities : the
food of the field, which
was round about every
city, he laid up in the
arrival, 16, and Pharaoh's offer to Ioseph's brethren, 17 : of which
nothing is known in xlvi. 31) elements. I would suggest the rather
conjectural parallels: Iahvistic, 1. 4 (' come near,' cf. xliv. 18J 12 (out
of place between II. 13) 14 ('fell on his neck and wept,' cf. xxxiii. 4;
J5. 22 (omit '300 pieces of silver,' as priestly interpolation like i^,
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
125
Iahvistic.
so ill with me as to tell
the man whether ye had
a brother ? ' 7 And they
said, ' The man asked
straitly concerning our-
selves, and concerning our
kindred, saying. Is your
father yet alive ? Have ye
a brother? and we told
him according to the tenor
of these words : < ould we
in any wise know that
he would say, Bring your
brother down.' ;: ~ But ln-
said, ' My -'in shall not
go down with you; for
his brother is dead, and he
only i> left: if mischief
befall him by the way in
the whii h ye go, then shall
ye bring down ni\ |
hairs in sorrow to Sheol.'
1 And lehudah said unto
[isra 1 his father, ' S
the lad with me, and we
Elohistic.
same ro And unto Ioseph
were born two sons before
the year of famine came,
which A -runt li, the daugh-
ter of Potiphera, priest of
On, bare unto him. "And
Ioseph calk (I the name of
the firstborn 'Menasheh'
(' making to forget '); 'for,'
said he, ' Elohim hath
made me to forgel all my
toil, and all my father's
house.' A m t the name
of the second called he
• Ephraiim ' ('fruitful');
• for,' I said he |. ' Elohim
hat h made me fruil I u 1 in
t he land of my afflict ion.'
And the even yeai of
plenty, that was in the
land of Mizraiim, came to
an cud ; M ' and the S( TOD
years oi famine began to
come, accoi ding as Ioseph
had said. And when idl
xliii
xli
50
5i
\1 n
53
54"
xliii
s
55
vthoua,T\ nded, this do •■ , ■ -. apply 'And be
said' ply ' and say unto him ' n* u pply'andthej
came to Iisrael their fathei »7 b (omit *] fore ' Iisrael ') 28 ;
and Elofa Id 'Ioseph') 3 duplicate of 1, 'I am Ioseph'; omit
'doth my father yet live,' cf, xliii. 27 f. xli pply * and Ioseph said ' ;
omit ' thai ye lold roe hither,' taken from 4, cl I me hithi r*) 6. 7.8
omit ' ninl ruli ll the land oi Mizraiim, from ■'• •> 11' (follows
well on 9 13.16 1 -.jo. j 1 '■ omit a I*: 'And thi 1 1 did o';
and re, i<l 'Am i did acccording to the commandment of Pharaoh')
126
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xliii
xli
;6 b
56 a
10
xlii
rb
II
12
Iahvistic.
will arise and go ; that we
may live and not die, both
we, and thou, and also
our little ones. 9 1 will be
surety for him ; of my
hand shalt thou require
him : if I bring him not
unto thee, and set him
before thee, then let me
bear the blame for ever:
10 for unless we had lin-
gered, surely we had now-
returned a second time.'
11 And their father Iisrael
said unto them, ' If now it
be so, do this : take of
the choice fruits of the
land in your vessels, and
carry down the man a
present, a little balm, and
a little honey, spicery and
myrrh, nuts and almonds :
12 and take double money
in your hand; and the
Elohistic.
the land of Mizraiim was
famished, the people cried
to Pharaoh for bread :
and Pharaoh said unto all
the Mizraiimites, 'Go unto
Ioseph ; what he saith to
you, do.' B8b And Ioseph
opened all the storehouses,
and sold unto the Mizrai-
imites. 56a Andthe famine
was over all the face
of the earth. ' b And
Iakob said unto his sons,
' Why look ye one upon
another?' 5b for the famine
was in the land of Kenaan.
3 And Ioseph' 8 ten breth-
ren went down to buy corn
from Mizraiim; 4a but
Biniamin,Iose[)h's brother,
Iakob sent not with his
brethren. ' :i And Ioseph
saw his brethren, and he
knew them ; 9a and he
24 b (23 — ' And to his father he sent after this manner : ten asses laden
with the good things of Mizraiim, and ten she-asses laden with corn and
bread and victual fur his father by the way,' is a gloss like xliv. i 1 ';
24 b ill fits with 24", after ' they departed') 25. 27". For xlvi. 6-27 see
Priestly Hist. Jik. pp. 1 77 f. xlvi. 1" ('Iisrael ' ; 'journeyed,' cf. xxxiii. 17.
xxxv. 5 ; ' all that he had,' cf. xlv. 10 ; ' Beersheba,' cf xxvi. 23. 33) serves
as an excellent link between xlv. 28 and xlvi. 28-34 ('Iehudah' again
takes the lead, 28, cf. xliv. 14; 'Iisrael,' 29. 30 ; ' Goshen,' 28. 29. 34,
cf. xlv. 10; 'fell on his neck and wept,' 29, cf. xlv. 14; 'see thy face,'
30, cf. xliii. 3. 5. xliv. 23. 26. xlv. 28 ; ' yet alive,' 30, cf. xliii. 7. 27. xlv.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
'-7
Iahvistie.
money that was restored
in the mouth of vour hairs
carry again in your hand ;
peradventure it was an
oversight: ,a take also your
brother, and arise, go ai
unto the man.' { Ut AndEl
Almighty give you mercy before
the man, that he may release
unto you your other brother and
Biniamin. And if I am bereav-
ed of my sons, lam berem.
'' And the men took that
j * r < ind they took
double money in their
hand, and Iiiniamin ; and
rose up, and went down
to Mizraiim, and stood
before los ph. And
when loseph saw Biniamin
with them, he said to the
of bis ho
' Bring the men into the
bouse, and slaj , and m
ready ; for the men shall
dine with me at noon.'
:id the man did as
ph bade, and the man
bri »ught the mi n into i
Elohistic.
remembered the dreams
which he had dreamed of
them; 7b and he made
himself strange unto them,
and spake roughly with
them, 9b and said unto
them, 'Ye are spies! to see
the nakedness of the land
ye are come.' 10 And fchej
said unto him, ' Nay, my
lord, but to buy food are
thy servants come : " we
are all one man's sons ; we
arc true nn n. 1 liy servants
are no spits.' '-' And he
Baid uiitu t hem, ' Nay, hut
tn Bee the nakedness oi
the land ye are come.'
And they said, ' We thj
ervani are twi Ive breth-
ren, t he Bona of one man
ill the laud nf Imii.uh
and, behold, I be j ounge I
if this day with our father,
and one is not.' " And
to '|'li said onto t hem, ' It
i .1 I ipake uiitu you,
xliii
xlii
13
14
,b
10
1 1
i .
1 6
13
1 l
lying,
Ye
pie
16. a8; 'Abomination onto the Mizraiimitet,' .-, i cC icliii 33; 'theii
and tin It hi rd», and all tl bul ihrt
learly Elohistic 'Elohim/a; 'dream, lii. 10 ff. xxxi.
24. xxxvii. 6 it, xl. j li. \li ; ' [akob, takob .... 1 1 I." . 1. ixii,
1. 1 1. xxvii. 1. xxxi. 1 1. xxxii. 1 , , 'i will make <>f 1. t nation,'
ra8
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xli V-. Iahvistic.
xln
is i ? Ioseph's house. 18 And
the men were afraid, be-
cause they were brought
into Ioseph's house; and
they said, ' Because of the
1 6 money that was restored
in our bags at the first
time are we brought in ;
that he may turn against
us, and fall upon us, and
take us for slaves, and our
19 asses.' "And they came
1 7 near to the steward of
Ioseph's house, and spake
unto him at the door of
s the house, 20 and said, ' O
my lord, we came indeed
down at the first to buy
bread : 21 and it came to
pass, when we came to
the lodging-place, that we
opened our bags, and,
behold, every man's money
-° was in the mouth of his
bag, our money in full
and we have
again in our
hand. n And other money
2i 19
weight
brought it
be
Elohistic.
15 hereby ye shall
proved : by the life of
Pharaoh ye shall not go
forth hence, except your
youngest brother come
hither. 10 Send one of
you, and let him fetch
your brother, and ye shall
be bound, that your words
may be proved, whether
there be truth in you : or
else by the life of Pharaoh
surely ye are spies.' 17 And
he put them all together
into ward three days.
18 And Ioseph said unto
them the third day, ' Do
this, and live, as I fear
Elohim : 1<J if ye be true
men let one of your bre-
thren be bound in your
prison-house; but go ye
carry corn for the famine 4
of your houses : 20 and
bring your youngest bro-
ther unto me ; so shall
your words be verified,
and ye shall not die.'
j, cf. xxi. 13. iS . Therefore i b (' and offered sacrifices unto the God of
his father Iizchak ') and 5 (' And Iakob rose up from Beersheba : and the
sons of lisrael carried Iakob their father, and their little ones, and their
wives, in the wagons which Pharaoh had sent to carry them ') must be
ascribed to the editor, the former to introduce 3 (' the God of thy
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
129
Iahvistic.
have we brought down in
our hand to buy food : we
know not who put our
money in our bags.'
- And he said, 'Peace
be unto you, fear not :
your God, and the God
of your father, hath given
you treasure in your bags :
I had your money.' {And
he brought Shimeon out unto
them.} -'And the man
brought the men into
Ioseph's house, and gave
them water, and they
bed their feet : an i be
gave their asses prov< nder.
And they made ready
the present against [< •
came at noon: for they
heard that they Bhould eat
bread there. M And when
I- eph came home, they
brought him the pre i ul
whii h was in their band
into the bouse, and bowed
down themselves to him
Elohistic.
{And they did so.} a And
they said one to another,
' We are verily guilty
concerning our brother,
in that we saw the distress
of his soul, when he be-
sought US, and we would
not hear ; therefore is this
distress come upon us.'
22 And Reuben answered
them, saying, 'Spake I
not unto you, saying, Do
not sin against the child,
and ye would not hear 1
therefore also, behold, his
hi 1 is required.' M Ami
they knew not that Iosepb
understood them ; for
there was an interpreter
bet ween them. '"' And he
i urned himself aboul from
1 In in. and wept ; and he
returned to them, and
spake to them, and took
Shimeon from among I hem,
and bound him before
i heir ej bb. A ml [o i pb
xliii
xlii
21
22
»4
-V.
24
26
fathers' , and the latter, which ihowi acquaintance with slv. [9. -T. to
council 2 4 with 18 ff, with which, before thi insertion "i 6 if, ll
original!) itood In j read 'Iakob' lor 'lisrael,' cf. 1. '" - ,s read
nnrtb with 1. xx, cf. 20. lii ',2 omit the explanatory jlo -. foi the]
have been keepers "i cattle,' cf. 34. arvii. i 5* i> the continuation ol
xlvi. 28-34: note 'their flocks, ami then herds, and all that they hare,'
K
13°
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xliii
xlii
27
29
2 9
3°
31
30
32
33
3i
Iahvistic.
to the earth. 27 And he
asked them of their wel-
fare, and said, ' Is your
father well, the old man
of whom ye spake ? Is he
yet alive?' 28 And they
said, 'Thy servant our
father is well, he is yet
alive ' : and they bowed
tin- head and made obeis-
ance. 29 And he lifted up
his eyes, and saw Biniamin
his brother, his mother's
son, and said, • Is this
your youngest brother of
whom ye spake unto me ? '
30 And he said, 'Elohim
be gracious unto thee, my
son.' And Ioseph made
haste, for his bowels did
yearn upon his brother :
and he sought where to
weep ; and he entered
into his chamber and vrepi
there. 31 And he washed
his face, and came out ;
and he restrained himself,
and said, ' Set on bread.'
Elohistic.
commanded to fill their
vessels with corn, and to
restore every man's money
into his sack, and to give
them provision for the
w r ay : and thus was it-
done unto them. 29 And
they came unto lakob their
father unto the land of
Kenaan, and told him all
that had befallen theni,
saying,
The
man, the
lord of the land, spake
roughly with us, and took
us for spies of the eountry.
sl And we said unto him,
We are true men, we are
no spies : 32 we he twelve
brethren, sons of our
father ; one is not, and
the youngest is this day
with our lather in the land
of Kenaan. 33 And the
man, the lord of the land,
said unto us, Hereby shall
I know that ye are true
nun : leave one of your
brethren with me, and
with 3 cf. xlvi. 33 f ; ' famine
13; and with this petition to
1, cf. xlv. 10. xlvi. 32 ; 'Goshen,' 1. 4;
grievous in the land/ 4, cf. xliii. 1. xlvii.
Pharaoh cf. his voluntary offer in xlv. 16-18. For 5''. 6\ 7-1 1. 27''. 28
I'riestly Mist. Bk. pp. 178 f; and 13-26 have already been dealt
with, pp. 117 ff. 5" is continued in 6 1 ' ('let them dwell in the land of
Goshen,' not 'in the best of the land of Mizraiim,' 6") 27" ('Iisrael';
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
'3'
for
Iahvistie.
82 And they set on
him by himself, and for
them by themselves, and
for the Mizraiimites which
did eat with him, by them-
selves : because the Miz-
raiimites might not eat
bread with the Hebrews:
for that is an abomination
unto the Mizraiimites.
And the) sat before
him, the firstborn accord-
ing to his birthright, an i
the youngest according to
his youth : and the m< n
marvelled one v< ithanother.
'And he had mi ik< □
unto them from bel
him : and Biniamin 9 ra
five times as mu< h as
any of theii 3. And they
drank, ind wen mei 1 \
with him. ' And j toseph |
commanded the steward
of his house, a\ ing, ' Fill
the m< ■ with food,
the) can < ai rj ,
Elohistic.
take corn for the famine
of your houses, and go
your way: 8 *and bring
your youngest brother
unto nie : then shall I
know that ye are no spies,
hut that ye are true men :
and 1 will deliver you
your brother, and ye shall
traffick in the land.' "And
it came to pass as the,
empi ied 1 heir sacks, thai .
behold every man's bundle
of no >jit-\ was in his sack.
And u ben 1 he \ and I heir
father saw their bundles
of money, they wire
fi i-liten. (I, M '■ and t arned
ti'i mbling one to another.
ing, ' Wh.it is t his 1 hat
iiiin hath done onto
' Ami laknl, their
hither ..ml unto them, i
■ Me have j e bei eai ed <>i
my children : [osepli 1
lint , ; 1 Ii*l Shillienli is Hot ,
iiihI ye will t .ile lam . nun
xliii
xlii
33
34
35
33
M
JS'
I.
xli V
• in the l.-ui'l of Mizraiim I 1 I,' cl
xlv. 1 1 .■•, 3 1 . the death of Iisracl, cl [-9
('find favour in '! , put lliy hand ttudd m\ line,!.
cf. xxiv. 3. 9; ' deal kindly and truly with m( , vd\ \->. I
,1 l.,.t i 1 laced before xlviii. 1. 2. 10". S. 9. io 1, 1;
15*. 20'' whii li n. ' 1 and ' I lohltn, 1 9. 11 ."
below, an I 'hvisiic : 'lisrael, ••. 10. 11 'Inn lot age, and
K 2
>:.-•
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xliv
xlii
Elohistic.
away : upon me are all
these things ! ' S7 And
Reuben spake unto his
father, saying, 'Slay my
two sons, if I bring him
not to thee : entrust him
into my hand, and I will
bring him back to thee.'
Iahvistic.
[and put every man's money
in his bag's mouth,} " and
put my cup, the cup of
silver, in the bag's mouth
of the youngest' {and his
corn money.} And he did
according to the word that
Ioseph had spoken. 3 As
soon then as the morning
was light, the men were sent
away, they and their asses.
4 Scarcely were they gone
from the city, and were
not yet far off, when Ioseph
said to his steward, ' Up,
follow after the men ; and
when thou dost overtake
them, say unto them,
Wherefore have ye re-
warded evil for good?
| Why have ye stolen my
silver cup ?] 6 Is it not
that in which my lord
drinketh, and wherein he
indeed divineth ? ye have
he could not see,' 10, cf. xxvii. i ; 'see thy face,' n, cf. xliii. 3. 5. xliv.
23. 26. xlv. 28. xlvi. 30 ; ' bowed himself with his face to the earth,' 12,
cf. xix. 1. xlii. 6. xliii. 26) and xlix. i b -27 (Iahvistic, cf. iv. 23. f. ix.
25-27. xxv. 23. xxvii. 27-29. 39 f) by the redactor, who had to find
room for the Priestly passages xlviii. 3-7. xlix. 28-33, see PP- J 79 fr
xlviii. 13. 14. 17-19 are from one hand, and look like an elaboration of
the simple misplacement of names in 20 b : 'and he set Ephraiim before
Menasheh,' by an early editor, cf. xii. 9-xiii. 1.3. 4; 13 ff follow
awkwardly on 12 where Ioseph is on his knees with his two sons, and
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 133
xliv
6
Iahvistic.
done evil in so doing.' 6 And he overtook them, and
he spake unto them these words. 7 And they said
unto him, ' Wherefore speaketh my lord such words as
these ? Far be it from thy servants to do such a thing.
8 Behold, the money which we found in our bags'
mouths, we brought again unto thee out of the land of
Ivnaan: how then should we Steal out of thy lord's
house silver or gold ? 9 With whomsoever of thy
ants it be found, let him die, and we also will be
my lord's slaves.' 10 And he said, 'Now also let it be
according to your words: he with whom it is found
shall be my slave ; and ye shall be blameless.' "And
they hasted, and took down every man his bag to the
ground, and opened every man his bag. "And In-
searched, beginning with the eldest and finishing with
the youngest, and the cup was found in Biniamin's
bag. ' Ami they rent their garments, and laded every
man his ind returned to the city. "And [ehudah
and his brethren came ! " toseph's house ; and he was
yet there: and the) t'll before him mi the ground.
' A ill toseph said unto them, ' Whal deed is this thai
ye have done i Know ye nol that six h a man as I 1 in
indeed divine?' "And ; [ehudah j [they] Baid.'Whal shall
unto my lord ? what shall we speak ? or how shall
we < lear ourselves ? Elohim had: found oul the iniquit)
of thy servants: behold, we are 013 lord's slaves, both
we, and he also in whose hand the cup is found.'
' Bui I: l. • Far be il from me ti man
in whose hand the cup is found, he hall be my sla
but as for you, get you u|> in peace unto youi fathi
awaits tlr tion. The Elohistii parallel 15*, 16 'Elohim,' 15;
cf. xlvi. 1 4 ; ..nut ■' :,' cf. xxii. 1 1 .■ 1 'Elohim'; 'land ol
jroor fathen,' it. 15. 16, ilvi 1 t; parallel of dvii. 39 ;, 1 •■-■ points to
10
1 1
12
1 1
[6
1;
i.H PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
19
20
21
23
24
26
30
xliv Iahvistic.
18 And Iehudah came near unto him and said, 'O my
lord, let thy servant, I pray thee, speak a word in my
lord's ears, and let not thine anger burn against thy
servant : for thou art even as Pharaoh. " My lord
asked his servants, saying, Have ye a father, or a
brother? 20 And we said unto my lord, We have a
father, an old man, and a child of his old age, a little
one ; and his brother is dead, and he alone is left of
his mother, and his father loveth him. 21 And thou
sait 1st unto thy servants, Bring him down unto me,
that I may set mine eyes upon him. 22 And we said
unto my lord, The lad cannot leave his father : for
if he should leave his father, his father would die.
23 And thou saidst unto thy servants, Except your
youngest brother come down with you, ye shall see my
face no more. 24 And it came to pass when we came
up unto thy servant my father, we told him the words
of my lord. 25 And our father said, Go again, buy us
a little food. 26 And we said, We cannot go down: if
our youngest brother be with us, then will we go down :
for we may not see the man's face, except our youngest
brother be with us. 27 And thy servant my father said
unto us, Ye know that my wife bare me two sons :
28 and the one went out from me, and I said, Surely
he is torn in pieces ; and I have not seen him since :
29 and if ye take this one also from me, and mischief
befall him, ye shall bring down my gray hairs with
sorrow to Sheol. ,0 Now therefore when I come to
thy servant my father, and the lad be not with us,
seeing that his soul is knit with the soul of the lad,
a missing Elohistic account of the proceedings at Shechem, xxxiv)
interrupts 13. 14. 17 i<j, and has displaced 15" (which belongs to 20 b :
he blessed loseph, saying, In thee shall lisrael bless') and 20"
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 135
Iahvistic. xliv
'it shaU come to pass when he seeth that the lad is
not with us, that he will die : and thy servants shall
bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father
with sorrow to Sheol. 32 For thy servant became 3 2
surety for the lad unto my father, saying, If I bring
him not unto thee, then shall I bear the blame to my
father for ever. 3S Now therefore, let thy servant, I
pray thee, abide instead of the lad a slaw to my lord ;
and let the lad go up with his brethren. 4 For how
-hall I go up to my father, and the lad be not with
me? lot I see the evil that shall come on my father.'
which is the heading to [5*: ' And he blessed them that day,' cf. 16.
'the lads ', as well as caused various modifications of the text
• Elobim,' probably, in 9. 11. 20 b , instead of ' lahveb,' though there
i- nothing Inde the occasional use of 'Elobim' in the Iahvistic
narrative, cf. iii. 1. ?,. :. iv. _■:. w. %j. xwii. 28. Kxviii. 17''. xwii.
10. 11. xxxix. 9. xliii. 20. xliv. [6; 'Iakob' instead
of ' lisrael ' in 2, and ' Israel' instead of 'Iakob 1 in -i . Foi
xlix. i*. -■ Priestly Hist, Bk. pp. 1*0 f. 1 1 ' introduces 1 17
of the folly alluded to in 4 nothing i- preserved in the Prophetic
tradition: xxxiv. 7,0 is a feeble attempt to supply the want; for the
3rd person, 'he went op,' cf. 9. The words ' until he come to Shiloh,
10, are an nnpoetic qualification at the point of highest praise:
• I ill not depart from [ehudah,
N01 the li ad from betwei n his fe< t,
(Until he ■ ome to Shiloh
And l:iin shall the nations ob
Who can bind his foal to a vii
with a view to the glorification ol
illuded to the
Shiloh sanctuary, Jer vii. 1 -■ 1 |. by the Philistines,
i l-.,r the plaj upon the name ' I< hudah,' cf. ui
I he line 1 8, i vation, « » lahv< h.'
I ^ a refrain in the long, 1 1 1< < Jud. v. .• ' Bl<
tahveh') 9 < ,., on, my soul, in th' 3 1
perish, < > I ihveb ' , but perhaps is an imitation
of these, and may 1 I into the text thi moi untol
w ll-knowr i ip, Jud. iviil I 19 1 ad tsJh oapr
136
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xlv
12
M
j2
:
8
Iahvistic.
1 And Ioseph could no
longer restrain himself be-
fore all them that stood
by him, and he cried,
' Cause every man to go
out from me.' And there
stood no man with him
while Ioseph made himself
known to his brethren.
4 And Ioseph said unto
his brethren, ' Come near
to me, I pray you ' ; and
they came near. And he
said, ' I am Ioseph your
brother, whom ye sold into
Mizraiim.'
* * *
12 ' And, behold, your eyes
see, and the eyes of my
brother Biniamin, that it
is my mouth that speaketh
unto you.' ^Andhefell
upon his brother Binia-
min's neck and wept, and
Biniamin wept upon his
m ' k. 15 And he kissed
all his brethren, and wept
upon them : and after that
his brethren talked with
him. "[And] to all of them
Ioseph gave each man
Elohistic.
2 And [Ioseph] gave forth
his voice in weeping, BO
that the Mizrai unites
heard, and the house of
Pharaoh heard. 3 And
Ioseph said unto his breth-
ren, ' I am Ioseph.' {Doth
my father yet live?} And
his brethren could not an-
swer him ; for they were
troubled at his presence.
[And Ioseph said], 6 ' And
be not grieved nor angry
with yourselves, [that ye
sold me hither }■ for Elohim
did but send me before
your face to preserve life.
6 For these two years hath
the famine been in the
land : and there are yet
five years in the which
there shall be neither
ploughing nor harvest ;
7 and Elohim did send me
before your face to keep a
remnant for you in the
earth, and to save you
alive by a great deliver-
ance. 8 So now it was
not you that did send me
hither, but Elohim; and
24 b -26 show every sign of being an interpolation. Firstly, they destroy
the unity of the poem. It is the song of a patriot, not neecssarily, but
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
13;
Iahvistic.
changes of raiment, and to
Biniamin he gave \ three hun-
dred pieces of silver and^ five
changes of raiment. { n And
to his father he sent after this
manner ; ten asses laden with
the good things of Mizraiim,
and ten she-asses laden with
com and bread and vidua!
for his father by the way.}
[And he said,] 19 [Now thou
art commanded, this do ;
'Take ye wagons out of tin-
land of Mizraiim for your
little ones, and for your
wives, and bringyour father
and come: [and say unto
him], l0 Thou shalt dwell in
the land of < roshen, and
thou shalt be near unto me,
thou and thy children, and
thv< hildren's < hildren,and
thy flocks and thyherds.and
all that thou has) : "
there will I nourish thee.'
81 b And loseph gave them
wagons, M *and sent his
In. thren away, and they
depai ted. | ^nd thej 1
to lisra* I their Fathei \
md told him, saying,
Elohistie.
he hath made me a father to
Pharaoh, and lord of all his
house {and ruler over all the
land of Mizraiim}. B Haste
ye, and go up to my father,
and say unto him, Thus
saith thy son loseph, Elo-
him hath made me lord of
all Mizraiim: come down
unto me, tarry not, llb for
there are yei five years of
famine : lest thou come to
poverty, then and thy
house, and all thai thou
hast. ,; And ye Bhall tell
my father of all ln\ id'H'V
in Mizraiim, and of all
that ye have Been ; and
ye shall baste, and bring
my father hither.' ' Ai.l
1 lie fame 1 hereof wai hi ard
in Pharaoh's house, Baj ing,
• [oseph'e brel hren are
COme ' : and it \\ B
In I'hai aoh' eyi . and in
the ■ ■ ervants.
17 And Pharaoh aid unto
[0 eph, ' Saj unto t hy
la-, t In. 11, Thi .I- ye lade
your bi a I ■ and
xlv
<*3 y
Uj II 1
13
10
16
1 r
It'
probably n Judean, >, 1 a), who feeling that thei netblng 1
than mire tribal distinction, aims at the union an inntr)
by recalling, in the manner ol tin ■■'■ I ' ' id. v, the com
t38
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xlv
is
20
2V
2 V
xlvi
r 1
2 4 '
28
29
xlvi
2
?.° 3
Iahvistic.
' Ioseph is yet alive, and
he is ruler over all the
land of Mizraiim.' And
his heart fainted, for he
believed them not ; 2? b but
when he saw the wagons
which Ioseph had sent to
carry him, then the spirit
of {lakob} their father re-
vived, 28 and Iisrael said,
' It is enough; Ioseph my
son is yet alive : I will go,
and see him before I die.'
la And Iisrael took his jour-
ney withall that he had, and
came to Beersheba {and
offered sacrifices unto the God
0/ his father lizchak] 28 ainl
he sent Ichudah before him
unto Ioseph that he might
[meet] him atGoshen. And
when they came unto the
land of Goshen, 29 Ioseph
made ready his chariot, and
went up to meet. Iisrael his
father in Goshen ; and he
presented himself unto him,
and fell on his neck, and
wept on his neck a long
while. s0 And Iisrael said
Elohistic.
you unto the land of
Kenaan ; ls and take your
father and your house-
holds, and come unto me:
and I will give you the
good of the land of Miz-
raiim, and ye shall eat
of the fat of the land.
20 Neither regard your stuff,
for the good of all the
land of Mizraiim is yours'
{ 21a And the sons of Iisrael did
so.} 2u '[And Ioseph did]
according to the command-
ment of Pharaoh, and gave
them provision for the
way. 24 b And he said
unto them, ' See that ye
fall not out by the way.'
25 And they went up out
of Mizraiim, and came
into the land of Kenaan
unto lakob their father.
27 a And they told him all
the words of Ioseph, which
he had said unto them.
2 And Elohim spake unto
{Iisrael} [IakobJ in the
visions of the night, and
said, ' lakob, lakob.' s And
mon blood and tongue of the Israelite tribes. He reviews them in
order as sons of one man, and praises or blames them according as
they are favourable, like Iehudah, Dan, Gad, Ioseph, and liiniamin,
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
139
Iahvistic.
unto Ioseph, ' Now let me
die, since I have seen thy
face, that thou art yet alive.'
'And [1 -eph said unto
his brethren, and unto his
Elohistic.
he said, 'Here am I.' And
he said, ' I am El, thy
father's God : fear not to
go down into Mizraiim ;
for I will there make of
father's house, 'I will go thee a great nation ; 4 forI
up, and tell Pharaoh, and will go down with thee
will say unto him, My
brethren and my father's
house, whi( h \vrr<- in the
land fit' Kena n, are come
unto me : J and the m< n
are shepherds, | for they
havt t s of cat/It- '
and they have brought
their flo< ks and their herds,
uil all that they have.
And it shall come to
pass when Phai ioh shall
< all you and say, What is
your occup di.u ye
into Mizraiim. and 1 will
also surely bring thee up
again : and [oseph Bhall
j/iit hi- hand upon thine
id Iakob rose up
from Beersbeba : and the sons
■ it li-rael carried takob their
father, and their little
and their wives, in the wagons
which Pharaoh had sent t..
earn- him *
xlvi
3i
'.-'
33
:.i
ur indifferent, like Zebulun, I; bar, and NaphtaH, "t even
mi], li! I s, Shimeon, and I n ition il inl
i patriotiim g in the tim« "i Saul and David, ami
K [2 we should naturally gather that the writ* 1 lived 111 the da\s <if the
ih. dl truption "t the I ingdom
with a- court and c < atre m the
up d fortn ■ ■ ■■! 1 jrardi
and 1
ing andi rputed I " 1 h north
1 in and ' ' . "t I' hodah'i
equal, hut 1 losely ni thej havi
well withstoo ■ th - d are full ol
promi • I . and wbJ i Sam on
cty to rjve blow for blow ; and l'.ini.iniin, llu
i 4 o PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK
xlvii
i
3
4
xlvi Iahvistie.
shall say, Thy servants have been keepers of cattle
from our youth even until now, both we and our
fathers : that ye may dwell in the land of Goshen ' ;
for every shepherd is an abomination unto the Mizrai-
imites. *And Ioseph went in and told Pharaoh, and
said, ' My father and my brethren, and their flocks,
and their herds, and all that they have, are come from
the land of Kenaan ; and, behold, they are in the land
of Goshen.' 2 And from his brethren he took five men,
and set them before Pharaoh. 3 And Pharaoh said
unto his brethren, 'What is your occupation?' 4 And
they said unto Pharaoh, ' Thy servants are shepherds,
both we and our fathers ' ; and they said unto Pharaoh,
' To sojourn in the land are we come, for there is no
pasture for thy servants' flocks; for the famine is
grievous in the land of Kenaan; now therefore, we
pray thee, let thy servants dwell in the land of Goshen.'
R a 6b 5a And Pharaoh spake unto Ioseph, saying, 6b Let them
dwell in the land of Goshen : and if thou knowest that
able men are among them, then make them chief
7 ri shepherds over my cattle.' 27a And Iisrael dwelt {in
tribe of Saul the late fierce king of Iisrael, are all commended ; whereas
Zebulun and Iissachar, through the softening influences of commerce,
have lost their old vigour (Jud. v. 14. 15. 18); Asher is content, as
of old (Jud. v. 17 , to he rich and neutral; Naphtali is unreliable;
Reuben, the waverer (Jud. v. 15. 16), has proved unfaithful ; and the
southern tribes Shimeon and Levi have degenerated into mere desert
marauders. There could be little doubt as to the unity of the poem,
and its date, if it were not for 24 b -26 (and the corresponding clause-
in io, which are in the spirit of the warm praise of the Northern
kingdom in the Ioseph stories of the Prophetic Hist. Bk., and later
therefore than the Davidic supremacy. In the Elohistic narrative
Iehudah has sunk below even Reuben (cf. xxxvii. 22. 29. xlii. 22 and
xxxvii. 26. xliii. 8. xliv. 14. 18. xlvi. 28). Secondly, because they in-
troduce a religious element nowhere else present in the song (on 18 see
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 141
Iahvistic.
the land of Mizraiim} in the land of Goshen ; ' 2 and Ioseph
nourished his father and his brethren and all his father's
house with bread after the number of their little ones.
'And in time it came to pass that one said to Ioseph,
' Behold, thy fadier is sick.' And he took with him his
two sons Menasheh and Ephraiim ; 2 and it was told to
•Iakob} [Iisrael] saying, 'Behold thy son Ioseph is
come unto thee.' And Iisrael strengthened himself,
and sat up on the bed. 10a Now the eyes of Iisrael
were dim for age. that he could not see; B and when
rad] be beheld loseph's sons, he said, 'Who are
the- ! Ioseph said unto his father, ' They are
my sons whom (Elohim} [Iahveh] hath given me here.'
And he said, ' Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and
I will bless them.' ,01 'And he brought them near unto
him; and he kissed them, and embraced them. ll And
! unto Ioseph, ■ I had DOt thought to see thy
face: and lo, (Elohim] [Iahveh] hath lei me see thy
"And [oseph brought them out from
between his 1 ind bowed himself with his I
xlvii
I J
xlviii
1
10"
io>'
1 1
1 •■
toe <,f lakob,' ' the Name >>f the Shepherd,' ' the
■ 1.1 ..1 thy lather,' ' M Almight) '
dally, which only ap] ewhere in the late Pri
Bk. Gen. ndi. 1. xxviii. 3, xxxv. 11. xlviii. 3 Ei m 3 . and
1 ., : Job ••in r rill 3. vr. ■■ rj mipii ioni in tins
ancient poem. Thirdly t i- 1 compariaoo "t Gen. alb
with I»< ut. xxxiii. 13 16 pi "' "' Hi
between them; and it (1 more than probable that the
form r 1. bt ed on the latter. With < i«n. db Une«
t. xxxiii. 13- l6 :
1 Ble wd "f lahvi ii be hi ■ land,
With the *'
I <,( lh«- I to) p 'hit 111 tli andl mr.itli,
• • • •
With the l*st thingi of the enduing hillt,
i 4 -'
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xlviii
13 20 a
I5 1
'4
16
'7
21
j8
J 9
jj
'5 a
20'
Iahvistic.
to the earth. [ 13 And Iosepb
took them both, Ephraiim in
his right hand toward Iisrael's
left hand, and Menasheh in his
left hand toward Iisrael's riyht
hand, and brought them near
unto him. H And Iisrael
stretched out his right hand,
and laid it upon Ephraiim's
head, who was the younger,
and his left hand upon Mena-
sheh's head, crossing his hands
wittingly; for Menasheh was
the firstborn. ' 7 And when Io-
seph saw that his father laid
his right hand upon the head
of Ephraiim, it displeased him :
and he held up his father's
hand to remove it from Eph-
raiim's head unto Mcnasheh's
head; 1H and Ioseph said un'o
his father, ' Not so, my father :
for this is the firstborn ; put
thy right hand upon his head.'
"Bui his father refused, and
said, 'I know it, my son, I
know it ; he also shall become
a people, and he also shall In-
great : howbeit his younger
brother shall be greater than
he, and his seed shall be-
come a multitude of nations ' |
u *Andhe Missed Ioseph,
and said, 201 " By thee shall
Elohistic.
20a And he blessed them
thai dny, saying, lB b 'The
God hefore whom my
lathers Abraham and
Iizchak did walk, the God
who hath fed me all my
life long unto this day,
16 {the angel} who hath re-
deemed me from all evil,
bless the lads : and let
my name be named in
them, and the name of
my fathers, Abraham and
Iizchak ; and let them
grow into a multitude in
the midst of the earth.'
21 And {Iisrael} [Iakob]
said unto Ioseph, ' Behold
I am dying; but Elohini
slnll be with you, and
bring you again unto the
land of your fathers.
22 Moreover, I have given
thee a portion (shechem)
above thy brethren, which
I took from the hand of
the Aemorite with my
sword and with my bow.'
* * *
With the treasure of the everlasting mountains:
* * *
May it come on Ioseph's head,
Yea, on the head's crown of him who is chief among his brethren.
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 143
it'
Iahvistic.
Iisrael bless, saying, {Elohim} [Iahveh] make ihee as
F.phraiim and as Menasheh'; and he set Ephraiim
before Menasheh. lb And he said, ' Gather yourselves
together, that I may tell you what shall befall you in
the coming da\ - :
2 Gather yourselves together, and hearken,
ye sons of Iakob,
An.l listen 10 Iisrael your father.
1 Reuben, thou art my firstborn,
My might and my strength's first child;
Excelling in dignitj . excelling in powi
1 But unsi.il>!.- as water* thou shalt not excel ;
thou w( ntesl up to thj Father's bed,
And thru defiledsl it I I le went up to my couch]
limeon and Levi are brethren,
Wl ords are the weapons oi 1 ruelt) !
1 1 m 1 nl. . ome nol thou into their counsel,
Take thou no part, mine honour, in their schem<
I 01 in ili. ir anger they have murden d men,
And in their fury < rippled oxen.
7 ( lursed be their anger, for il is fieri
And th. 11 wrath, for it is . iik I !
I will divide them in lakob,
liter them in [israel !
[ehudah, th) brethren shall praise thee,
Whose hand is on thine enemies' m i k,
I -,, thee Bhall th bo* down.
[ehudah is a lion's whelp :
Thou, mj "n. ha 1 gone up from the pn
17. n, 14* .•; v. bl) a
; m, and certainly the spill in the kingdom, on On
hand th. '
i 4 4 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
10
ii
1 2
13
'4
xlix Iahvistic.
Gone to thy den and stretched thyself,
Like a lion, — yea, a lioness, —
And who dare rouse him up ?
10 The sceptre shall not depart from Iehudah,
Nor the leader's staff from between his feet,
[Until he come to Shiloh}
And him shall the nations obey
11 Who can bind his foal to a vine-stock,
And his ass's colt to the choicest vine,
Who can wash his raiment in wine,
Yea, his garments in the blood of the grape :
12 Whose eyes are ruddy with wine,
And whose teeth are whitened with milk.
13 Zebulun shall crouch on the shore of the sea,
Yea, by the shore of the ships,
And his flank shall stretch unto Zidon.
14 Iissachar is a wiry ass,
Lying low among the sheepfolds ;
15 Who saw that repose was good,
And the land inviting,
And bowed his shoulder to the yoke,
And became a task-work slave.
16 Dan shall direct his people
Like any other of the tribes of Iisrael.
and was probably an Ephraimite. Like his predecessor, the writer of
Dent, xxxiii looks at the tribes (Shimeon alone is not mentioned, which
by this time had lost its individuality; as of one common stock and
speech. He recalls a period when one king, probably David, ruled
over all the tribes together (5), and regrets that Iehudah should be a dis-
sentient at the time he writes. But in his poem there is none of the
anxiety of Gen. xlix. 2-17. 19-24*. 27, as to the national security. Rather
he rejoices in the wellbeing of the tribes individually, and refers especially
to the prosperity of Ioseph under a warlike and victorious king (17),
probably Jeroboam II. Therefore, though the author of Deut. xxxiii
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 145
xlix
17
-.'■
Iahvistic.
17 Dan shall be a serpent in the road,
An adder in the path,
Which biteth the horse's heels
And hurleth the rider backwards.
! - I have waited for thy salvation, O Iahveh}. 1 ^
19 Gad is thronged by a throng, ,,,
Yet he throngeth on [theirj heel.
20 Asher's bread is plentiful, 20
And he yielded) the dainties of a king.
- 1 Naphtali is a hind let loose, -m
Wbii h grivetb goodly words.
Eoseph is a fruit-tree,
A young fruit-tree by a spring,
Whose tendrils ! wide upon a wall.
The archers sore ill-treated him,
And shot al him, and harassed him.
•But his l>ow stood fast in strength, .■,
And nimble were the fingers of his hand
ll I.il.uli,
B) the name ■•! the Shepherd, the Stom ol Ii rael,
ll help thee, aj
th(
With bl ive,
■ »i tit*- dci p that lieth undein< ath,
the br< 1- and "I the womb.
•The 1 I ■'!" t 16
was probably acquainted with Gen. xh> . .■ 17.
form, and baa written his own poem from his own
:;. w hull Gen. xlix. 1 17.1
■11 the ruling tribe
■■[•!. b U 1
I J.\*.
i~ , it is likely 1 nough, when il w rcnesoldci
Into 1
1
146 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
xlix
27
xlvii
29
30
3'
xlix
33 b
1
Iahvistic.
Are mightier than the blessings of the ancient hills,
Than the glory of the everlasting mountains :
May they be on Joseph's head,
Yea, on the head's crown of him who is chief among his
brethren ' } .
27 Biniamin is a ravaging wolf,
Which seizeth his prey in the morn,
And at even divideth the spoil.'
29 And the time drew near that Iisrael must die, and he
called his son Ioseph, and said unto him, ' If now I
have found favour in thine eyes, put I pray thee, thy
hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly with
me : bury me not, I pray thee, in Mizraiim, 30 but when
I sleep with my fathers thou shalt carry me out of
Mizraiim, and bury me ' {' in their burying-place']. *
And he said, ' I will do as thou hast said.' 31 And he
said, ' Swear unto me ' ; and he sware unto him. And
Iisrael bowed himself upon the bed's head, 33b and
gathered up his feet into the bed. ' And Ioseph fell
upon his father's face, and wept upon him, and kissed
him. 2 And Ioseph commanded his servants the
physicians to embalm his father; and the physicians
embalmed Iisrael. 3 And forty days were fulfilled for
him ; for so are fulfilled the days of embalming. And
the Mizraiimites wept for him three score and ten
days. ''And when the days of weeping for him were
past, Ioseph spake unto the house of Pharaoh, saying,
' If now I have found favour in your eyes, speak I
pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying, 6 My father
made me swear, saying, {Lo, I die}, In my grave
narrative containing very many North-Israelite elements by an Ephraim-
ite writer, and put by him into the mouth of Iakob at the close of the
strongly Iiphraimitic Ioseph-legends, that it should not merely take
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
HI
Iahvistic.
which I have digged for
me in the land of Kenaan,
there shalt thou bury me.
Now therefore let me go
up, I pray thee, and bury
my father,- and I will come
again.' 'And Pharaoh
said, ' Go up, and bury
thy father, according as
he hath made thee swear.'
7 And Ioseph went up to
bury his father : and with
him wont up all the ser-
vants of Pharaoh, the elders
of his house, and all the
elders of the land of Miz-
raiim, "and all the h<
of Ioseph, and his brethren,
and his father's house :
only their litU< • and
their IIih ks. and their
herds, they left in the land
of Goshen. And there
went up with bim both
I hariotS and hor-< m> n :
Elohistic.
15 And when Ioseph's bre-
thren saw that their father
was dead, they said, 'It
may be that Ioseph will
hate us, and will fully
requite us all the evil
which we did unto him.'
10 And they sent a message
unto Ioseph, saying, 'Thy
father did command before
he died, saying, 17 * So
-hall ye say unto [oseph,
I '( rgive, I pray thee now,
the transgression of thy
brethren, and their Bin,
for that they did onto
thee evil : and DOW, W
],l;iv thee, furtive 1lie
inn on of the ser
v. mis of the ( (od "I t h\
father.' M And [oseph i aid
unto i In in, ' Pear ye ooi :
for an I in bead oi Bio
him ( '" And as for you,
ve meant e\ il against me,
'5
19
;o
the colom "f it^ etting, bat alio be Influenced by Its Ephralmitlc
paralh 1 r. lenred foi the lips of Mo* it Dent aodlL With both <
xlu. . n 1 1 t xxxiu. i;, 16 cf. the ancient line G
Finally, the removal of
the pc«m, and makes placky little Biniamin j~ pificant,
at, xlix. .v, h ■ detail th nodi c oi the Prii
writ-r i, Iahvistic < f. xlviii. j, xlvn. ;, I , U as a link It'
xlvii. .■', ;,i in Eta right plao and tta oontmnation,
1 i ii.i| i- i ; ii. 33*. 33 Ioseph's petition, 4, cf. xlvi. 31 fT; the
1. 3
i 4 8
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK.
22"
24
1 1
14 26
IS
Iahvistic.
and it was a very great
company. 10 And they
came to the threshing-
floor of Atad, which is
beyond the Iarden, and
there they lamented with
a very great and sore
lamentation : and he made
a mourning for his father
seven days. u And when
the dwellers of the land,
the Kenaanites, saw the
mourning in the threshing-
floor of Atad, they said,
' This is a grievous mourn-
ing (ebel) to the Mizraiim-
ites ' : wherefore the name
of it was called ' Abel of
M izraiim,' which is beyond
tin- Iarden. l4 And Ioseph
returned into Mizraiim, he
and his brethren, and all
that went up with him to
bury his father, after that
he had buried his father.
18 And his brethren {also]
Elohistic.
but Elohim meant it for
good, to bring to pass as
it is this day, to save much
people alive.' *
22 b And Ioseph lived an
hundred and ten years.
24 And Ioseph said unto
his brethren, ' I am dying:
but Elohim will surely
visit you, and bring you
up out of this land unto
the land which he sware
to Abraham, to Iizchak,
and to Iakob.' 25 And
Ioseph took an oath of the
sons of Iisrael, saying,
' Elohim will surely visit
you, and ye shall carry
up my bones from hence/
26 And Ioseph died, being an
hundred and ten years old,
and they embalmed him,
and he was put in a coffin
in Mizraiim.
oath, 5, cf. xlvii. 30 ; ' fell upon him and kissed him,' 1, cf. xxxiii. 4. xlv.
14. xlvi. 29 ; ' Iisrael,' 2 ; ' find favour in the eyes of,' 4 ; ' flocks and herds
cf. xlv. 10. xlvi. 32. xlvii. 1 ; ' nourish you and your little
ones,' 2 1 , cf. xlv. 1 1 . xlvii. 12;' spake to the heart of,' 2 1 , cf. xxxiv. 3 ; ' on
the knees of,' 23, cf. xxx. 3. xlviii. 12). But I. 15-17". 19. 20. 22 b .
2 1 26 is Elohistic : ' Elohim,' 19 (cf. xxx. 2) 20. 24. 25 ; with 20 cf. xlv.
5.7.8; -this day,' 20, cf. xlviii. 15.20; with 24 cf. xlvi. 3. 4. xlviii. 21 ;
PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. i 4 g
21
33
Iahvistic.
went and fell down before his face, and said, ' Behold, we
are thy slaves.' 17b And Ioseph wept when they spake
unto him, [and said]. 21 {Now therefore} ' Fear ye not : I
will nourish you and your little ones.' And he com-
forted them, and spake to their heart. - a And Ioseph
dwelt in Mizraiim, he and his father's house. 2s And
Ioseph saw Ephraiim's sons of the third generation :
the sons also of Machir, the son of Menasheh, were
born on Ioseph's knees.
19 and 21 are duplicates; and 17'', 'when they spake unto him,' hardly
follows on [6. 17*, 'they sent a message.' xlvii. 30 has been modini d
by the Priestly redactor with his eye on xlviii. 7. xlix. 29 If: the ' burying
place' already occupied by Iisrael's 'fathers.' Dmapi, is not the newly-
dug grave of 1. 5. In 1. 5 omit, ' Lo, I am 'lying.' cf. 14. dviii. -• 1 . In
mit, ' also,' cf. 16. In %\ supply, ' And he said.' Fori. \i. 1350
tly Hist. Bk, p. 181.
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
These are the generations of the heavens and the earth
\when they were created \. l In the beginning Elohim
created the heavens and the earth. 2 And the earth was
waste and void, and darkness was upon the face of the
deep ; and the spirit of Elohim brooded upon the fa,
the waters. 3 A nd El him said, ' Let there be light ' : and
//ore was light; * and Elohim saw the light, that it
was good. 6 And Elohim divided thi light from th<
darkness ; and Elohim called the light 'Day I and the
darkness he called l Night? Auditor, wai evening and
then was mornings om day. 'And Elohim said. 'Id
there be a firmament in the midst of tin waters, and
let it divide tht from the watei 1t And it
; "'■and Elohim mad, tht firmament, and divided
the hich an and,/ tli, firmament from the
11. 4 i
i. i
2
3
4
5
6
-a
\-. On the existence of an independent narrative running
G dealing with the patriarchs and the time
ne d un< ' I lohim,'
mnch light is thrown by Exodus vi. a 4. It is tht thai Elohim
' ' • i onto him, I am Eahvi h ! and I appi an ■ !
onto Abraham, unto 1 lak, and unto Iakob, as El Almighty ; out
n .. it to them . And I li d > 1 1 >
covcriant with th< i m the land ol Kenaan, the land ol tht li
journed.' Now tins l<
xxvm 13.16.a1 uri. a 6 ' Iahveb,' Iahveb,']
(',;;• • ii 1 4". '■ B (' lahveh, 1 t , bui on « >■ 9 \{
and xvn. 1 parallel note ' Elohim ' j 'El Almighty';
the covenant, and promise ol land, fruitfulness, and r< -\ al
of the patriarchs 1 Similarly
xxvin. 1 9 Elohim'; 'I.I Almighty'; 'Paddan tram'; ' fruitful and
i; 2 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
1
8
10
1 1
12
13
'4
1 6
n
18
l 9
waters which are above the firmament. 8 And Elohim
called the firmament 'Heavens! And there was evening
and there was morning, a second day. 9 And Elohim
said, ' Let the rvaters under the heavens be gathered
I igether unto one place, and let the dry land appear! A nd
it was so. ,0 And Elohim called the dry land ' Earth ' ;
and the gathering of the waters called he * Seas.' And Elo-
him saw that it was good. " And Elohim said, ' Let the
earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, fruit tree
bearing fruit after its kind, wherein is the seed thereof
upon the earth! n And it was so ; and the earth brought
forth grass, herb yielding seed after its kind, and tree
bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after its kind.
And Elohim saw that it was good. n And there
was evening and there was morning, a third day. 14 And
Elohim said, ' Let there be lights in the firmament of the
heavens to divide the day fro?n the night ; and let them be
for signs and for seasons, and for days and years: 1G and
let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens to
give light upon the earth! And it was so ; Ifi and Elohim
made the two great lights ; the greater light to rule the day,
and the lesser light to rule the night : \he made] the stars
also. l7 And Elohim set them in the firmament of tin
heavens to give light upon the earth, 18 and to rule over
the day and over the night, and to divide the light from
the darkness. And Elohim saw that it was good. 19 And
multiply'; 'assembly of peoples' ; 'land promised to Abraham), and
xvii. i-8 and 9-27, which are from the same hand, look back on xvi. 16
(chronology, cf. xvii. 25;) ix. 1-17 ('make a covenant'; 'token of a
covenant ' ; ' everlasting covenant ' ; ' thee and thy seed after thee ' ; ' cut
off'; 'fruitful and multiply';) vi. 9 ('walk before me' ; 'blameless';)
etc., which, in their turn, look back on a story of the flood in vi. 9-viii.
\'j. a list of forefathers with chronology, v, and the story of the creation
in i-ii. 4". These sections, which with other allied passages can easily
be detached from their c ntext, form a continuous and almost complete
20
.'I
>S
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 153
there was evening and there -was morning, a fourth day.
20 And Elohim said, ' Let the waters swarm with a
swarm of living creatures ; n and let fowl //1 upon the
earth and <m tin face of the firmament of the heavens'
[And it -was so /] 2I and Elohim created the great sea-
monsters, and all the living creatures that mo-re, with
which the -raters swarnnd, after their hinds : and every
winged fowl after its kind. And Elohim saw that it
was good. n And Elohim blessed them, saying, ' Be fruit-
ful anil multiply, and fill the waters in the seas ; and ht
foivl multiply on the earth.' - '. 1 11 d tin n << \is < vt ning, and
tin re -was morning, a fifth day. u And Elohim said,
1 Let " 11 lh bring forth tin living creatures after their
kinds, cattle, and creeping things, ami leasts of the earth
afttr their kinds' And it was so; u and Elohim made
tin beasts >f tin earth after their kinds, and tin cattle
after tlnir kind, and all things that 1 reep Upon tin ground
r their kind. And Elohim saw that it was good,
. I nd Elohim said. ' Let US make man in OUT imagi . aftet
our litem u : and ht them havt dominion over tin fish of
tin tea, and ovet tin fowl of the heavens, and over the
cattle, and ovet all tin earth, and over all creeping thi
that creep upon tin earth.' n And Elohim created man in
in tin ima ' Elohim created hi him;
male and femah created ht them, 'And Elohim bl
them: and Elohim ■•aid unto them. A'- fruitful and
multiply and replenish tin earth and suldu, it, and haVl
dominii % u h ' t, and ovet tin 'tin
hea all living things that creep upon tin
1 at thi ' And / ' I hold, I ha:
Ing <>f n 1 f, ' Tin
I'n • II ■ don
vi t of Anted iltn I 6 1 1 ' 7*-
16
■17
154 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
3°
3'
ii
i
V
I
6
7
8
9
io
every herb yielding seed, which is upon the face of all the
earth, and all trees whereon there is fruit, trees yielding
seed ; to you it shall be for food. 30 And to all beasts of
the earth, and to all fowls of the heavens, and to all things
that creep upon the earth wherein is the spirit of life, [I
have given] every green herb for food! And it was so.
31 And Elohim saw everything that he had made, and,
behold, it was very good. And there was evening and
there was morning, the sixth day. l And the heavens
and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. 2 And
Elohim ceased on the seventh day from his work which he
had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his
work which he had made. 3 And Elohim blessed the
seventh day and hallowed it : for on it he rested from all
his work which Elohim had created and made.
1 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the
day that Elohim created man, he made him in the likeness
of Elohim ; 2 male and female created he them, and blessed
them, and called their name l Ada?n,' in the day ivhen they
were created. 3 And A dam lived an hundred and thirty
years and begat [a son] in his own likeness, after his own
image ; and called his name ' Sheth ' : * and the days of
Adam after he begat Sheth were eight hundred years : and
he begat sons and daughters. 6 And all the days that
A dam lived were nine hundred and thirty years ; and he
died. 6 And Sheth lived an hundred and five years, and
begat Enosh : 7 and Sheth lived after he begat Enosh eight
hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters :
8 and all the days of Sheth were nine hundred and twelve
years : and he died. 9 And Enosh lived ninety years,
and begat Kenan : 10 and Enosh lived after he begat
18-21. 23 b . 24. viii. 1. 2". 3 b . 4. 5. i3 a . 14-19 (The Flood) ix. 1-17
(Covenant with Noacbj have already been discussed (pp. 23 ff). Restore
ii. 4", which could not have stood immediately before v. 1, to its right
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 155
Kenan eight hundred and fifteen years, and begat sons
and daughters : u and all the days of Enosh were nine
hundred and five years : and he died. 12 And Kenan i>
lived seventy years, and begat Mahalalel : ls and Kenan 13
lived after he begat Mahalalel eight hundred and forty
years, and begat sons and daugh.'ers : u and all the days of 1 4
Kenan were nine hundred and ten years : and he died.
16 And Mahalalel lived sixty and five years, and begat 15
Iered : u and Mahalalel lived after he begat /< red eight 16
hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters:
17 and all the days of Mahalalel were eight hundred 1 7
ninety and five years : at"! he dit d. ' ' A ml I, r, d lived 1 8
an hundred sixty and two years, a nd begat Chanok :
19 and Iered lived after he begat Chanok eight hundred 19
years, and begat som and daughters : t0 and all the days 20
of Iered wer, nine hundn d sixty and two years : and he
died. 2I And Chanok lived sixty tin*/ five years, and i\
begat Methuselach : n and Chanok walked with Elohim »i
at Methuselach three hundred years, ami /'■■.
sons and daughlet vd all the dayi of Chanok were 23
three hundred rixty <ind fivi years: u and Chanok 14
walked with Elohim: and fu was not; for Elohim took
him. '-'•'■ And Methuselach lived an hundred eighty and 15
se- I 'i : ' and Methuselach lived 16
r he begat Lemech even hundred eighty and ■
years, and begat sow and daughters : and till the days
of Methuselach wen nim hund tly and nim years:
and he dit d. n A nd / < mt 1 h livi el an hund/ , el eighty and 18
two yeat . and begat '," ion) \.\ \ch : *and Lemech 30
: Noach five hundred ninety and
place bef on I 1 which v, beading: f. v. i.vi. 1
xxv. 12. 19. xxxvi. 1. xxxvii. t. It was removed to I II r with
ii. 4'' iv, and may have been inp| 1 inthetranait ; omana I
addition to the u.-,u.al formula. Read ; 7" NV " 1 ' tllc ' ••'■■ M
156 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
v
3i
32
vi
9
10
1 1
12
13
16
17
years, and begat sons and daughters ; 31 and all the days
of Lemech were seven hundred seventy and seven years :
and he died. 32 And Noach was five hundred years old :
and Noach begat Shem, Cham, and lepheth.
'* These are the generations of Noach. Noach zvas a
righteous man, blameless in his generations : Noach
7 v. 1 Iked with Elohim. w And Noach begat three sons,
Shem, Cham, and lepheth. " And the earth was corrupt
before Elohim, and the earth was filled with violence.
12 And Elohim saw the earth, and, behold it was corrupt :
for all flesh had corrupted its way upon the earth. n And
Elohim said unto Noach, ' The end of all flesh is come
before me ; for the earth is filled with violence through
them ; and, behold, I will destroy them \from\ the earth.
14 Make thee an ark of sweet pine wood ; partitions shall
thou make in the ark, and thou shall pitch it within and
without with pitch. 15 And this is what thou shall make
it : the length of the ark three hundred cubits, the breadth
of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits. 16 An
opening shall thou make in the ark, and a cubit wide
shall thou construct it at the top. And the door of the
ark shall thou set in the side thereof With lower, second,
and third stories shall thou make it. "And, as for me,
in 9. 11. 15. 24 f. 30. Add p TP1 with i.xx to 20. »nna has fallen
out before ?v.in in po. 'Adam' is not used as the name of an in-
dividual until v. 1 f, where the attempt is made to pass from the plural,
' male and female,' cf. i. 27 f, to the singular and male only. The idea
is necessarily somewhat mixed ! Observe the very artificial chronology
111 v : Noach is older, 32, than his ancestors before he has a son, ap-
parently in order that his children may beget in their turn only after the
deluge, and his pious fathers all die off comfortably before it ! For
instance, Methuselach dies at the convenient age of 969 (27) the very
year of the flood : 187 (Methuselach, 25) + 182 (Lemech, 28) + 500
Noach, 32) + 100 fthe Flood, vii. 6) = 969 ! Read p in 3 after lbv\
'cf. T2C, 'his name',. In vi. 13 read 'nrrjo for 'NrrnN. Observe in i.x.
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. i 57
behold, I do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to
destroy all flesh wherein is the spirit of life, from under
the heavens ; everything that is in the earth shall perish.
18 But I will establish my covenant with thee ; and thou
shall come into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife,
and thy sons' wires with thee. 19 And of every living
thing of all flesh, two of every sort shall thou bring into
thi ark, to keep them alive with thee ; they shall be male
and female. 20 Of the fowl after their kind, and of the
cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing of the
ground after its kind, two of every sort shall come unto
thee, to keep them alive. - 1 And take thou unto thee of all
food that is eaten, and gather it to thee : and it shall be
for food for the, and for Hum'. "And Noach did
according to all that Elohim commanded him ; thus did
he. • And Noach was six hundred years old when the
I of waters came upon thi earth. " /// the n'x
hundredth y>ar of NoacKs If, in the second month, on the
seventeenth day of the month, on the same day wert all the
fountain of the great deep broken up. and the windows
of the heavens wert opened, "/a the self-sami day
entered Noach, and Shem, ami ('ham, and Tephtth, the
i Noach, ami \ vife, and ///' tin,, i
//,■ /// Mr///, into thi ,n k ; u they, and every beast
after its kind, and all the catllt aftet fheit kind, am! ,
• thing that creepeth upon tin earth aftet its kind.
and every fowl ,'tt<i its kind, every bird oj
Ami they went in unto Noach into tb, ,nk two and
VI
IS
'9
20
vii
<<
l i
13
•?
i— 17 the 1 ' ritei In thi
and what that 1 lohim put thi
rainbow in th< that hi would not
I life with i flood, an oat through \\
not .in indication a lUty.
From tli' ' :'t with Noach thi s on to l point
158 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
vn
iG 11
17*
18
'9
20
21
^3 b
vm
1
2
•■1
,b
»3 a
of all flesh wherein is the spirit of life. lea And they
that went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as
Elohim commanded him. 17a And the flood came upon
the earth {forty days] , n and the waters prevailed, and
increased greatly upon the earth, and the ark went upon
the face of the waters. 19 And the waters prevailed
exceedingly upon the earth, that all the high mountains
wider the whole heavens were covered. 20 Fifteen cubits
upward did the zvaters prevail ; and the mountains were
covered. 21 And all flesh perished that moved upon the
earth, both fowl, and cattle, and beast, and every swarm-
ing thing that swarmeth upon the earth, and every man.
26 b And Noach only was left, and they that were with him
in the ark. 24 A nd the waters prevailed upon the earth
an hundred and fifty days.
1 And Elohim remembered Noach, and every living
thing, and all the cattle that were with him in the ark :
and Elohim made a wind to pass over the earth, and the
waters assuaged ; 2 a the fountains also of the deep, and
the windows of the heavens ivere stopped. 3b And
after the end of an hundred and fifty days the waters
decreased. 4 And the ark rested in the seventh month, on
the seventeenth day of the month upon the mountains of
Ararat. 5 And the waters decreased continually until the
tenth month : in the tenth month, on the first day of the
month, were the lops of the mountains seen. w a And it
came to pass in the six hundred and first year [of
of religious interest, the institution of Circumcision in xvii. He runs
rapidly through a table of Noach's descendants, and at the end of a
second line of ten generations comes to the great patriarch Abram : ix.
28 f (cf. v. 32. vii. 6. viii. 13) x. 1* (' These are the generations of,' vi. 9.
v. 1. ii. 4»; 'Cham,' v. 32) 2-7 (read c<j-n in 4 with Sam. lxx. 1 Ch-
i. 7; and restore '; 2 'm 2 "ib '■ob nc '2 nbx in 5; cf.20.31) 20.22 f. 31
(which together form a list (a) complete in itself; (b) parallel to 8-19
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 159
Vlll
18
l 9
IX
1
Noach's life] in the first month, the first day of the
month, the ivaters were dried up from off the earth.
u And in the second month, on the seven and twentieth
day of the month, was the earth dry. IB And Elohim
spake unto Noach, saying, l0 'Go forth from the ark,
thou and thy wife, and thy sons, and thy sons' wives with
thee. 17 Bring forth with thee every living thing that is 17
with thee of all flesh, both fowl, and cattle, and every
creeping thing thai creepeih upon the earth ; that tJu 1
may swarm on the earth, and be fruitful, and multiply
upon the earth! u And Noach -.oil forth, and his sons,
and his wife, and his sons' wives with him ; " every
beast, every creeping thing, and every fowl, whatsoever
moveth upon the earth, after their families, went forth
out of tin ark. l And Elohim blessed Noach and his
sons, and Mild unto them, ' J>> fruitful and multiply, and
lenish the earth. ' And tht fear of you, and thi dread
of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and Upon
every fowl of thi heaven* ; with all that creepeih on the
mid. and all thi fishes of the s,a, into your hand ai ,
they gii en. ' Evet 1 moving thing that liveth shall be food
for you ; as tin green h,il> havt I given you all. * But .}
//■ // with life in it, that is, it\ blood, rhall ye not eat.
6 y,,i, urely, yout blood, thi Hood of yout lives, will J
requirt ; at tin hand oj every beast will I reouirt it:
and at tin hand Oj man, even a I tin hand oj
every man \ brother, will I >>>/i/ii> tin lift <</ man.
' II heddeth man \ blond, by man slhill Ins blood
b< thed : foi in hit own imagt hath Elohim made man.
31, lit both tablet the names Shem, Iepheth, Kenaan, Ki
M ratim, Chavilah, Sheba, and Lud(lm ; and ■ Intbi ityli 0!
1 ii .(* and v : oote 'It' .... and thi the
sons of . . after theii familii <>. 7. 20. n. t;, 3 1 ; 1 1. p, 14)
32 (' fauiilit-.,' 'natii 'divided,' ,- si, 10-27. jH 1 -. .1
ifio PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
IX
1
8
9
10
1 1
12
13
14
'5
16
2*
7 But as for you, be ye fruitful and multiply ; britig
forth abundantly in the earth, and multiply therein!
8 And Elokim spake unto Noach, a?id to his sons with
him, saying, 9i And as for me, behold, I establish my
covenant with you, and with your seed after you ; 10 and
with every living creature that is with you, the fowl, the
cattle, and every beast of the earth with you ; of all that
go out of the ark, even every beast of the earth. ^ And I
will establish my covenant with you, that neither all flesh
shall be cut off any more by the waters of the flood, nor
shall there be any more a flood to destroy the earth.' n A fid
Elokim said, 'This is the token of the covenant which I
make between me and you and every living creature that
is with you, for perpetual generations : ls I do set my bow
in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant
between me and the earth. u And it shall come to pass,
when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall
be seen in the cloud, 16 and I will remember my covenant
which is between me and you and every living creature of
all flesh ; and the waters shall no more become a flood to
destroy all flesh. 16 And the bow shall be in the cloud ;
and I will look upon it, that I may remember the ever-
lasting covenant between Elohim and every living creature
of all flesh that is upon the earth.' I7 And Elohim said
unto Noach, ' This is the token of the covenant which I
have established between me and all flesh that is upon
the earth'.
28 A nd Noach lived after the flood three hundred and
(read with Sam. I.XX onu k-j^ 32 cf. with this list, v; notei^in, and
' These arc the generations of,' in 10. 27 . FI<- bik fly mentions Abram's
wanderings xii. 4''. 5 (which continue xi. 32 : restore the lost heading
D"MH '^ln 'bui, cf. xxv. kj. xxxvii. 2) and separation from Lot, xiii. 6.
n ,J I2 a ('substance,' xii. 5 ; 'land of Kenaan.' xii. 5. xi. 31 ; n 1 ' is out
of place after ii° and wanted before I2»), the destruction of the Cities
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 161
a 9
x
i"
3
4
fifty years. ^ And all the days of Noach were nine
hundred and fifty years ; and he dud.
Ja And these are the generations of the sotis of Noach,
—Shem. Cham, and Iepheth. 2 The sons of Iepheth :
Gomer. and Magog, and Madai, and Iavan, and Tubal,
and Meshech, and Tiras. And the sons of Gomer :
Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. 4 And the sons
of Iavan: Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim. and Rodanim :
f these were the coastlands of th nations divided.
[These are the sous of Iepheth] after their families,
after their tongues, [in their lauds}, in their nations.
And the sous of Cham: Rush, and Mizraiim. and
Put, and Kenaan. 'And tin sons of Rush: - s
and Cilia: Hah. and Sabiah, and Raamali. and Sabteka J
and the sons of Raamali : Sin ha, and Dedan. ''" These
are the sons of Cham, after their families, after their
, in their lands, in their nations. ~-\Aud\ tin-
sons of Slum: T/ii'/i, and Asshur, and A 1 fa. l/s/iad,
and /aid, and Aram. And the sons of Aram: V,
and Chul. and Gether, and Mash. ••' Arpaeh
at Shtlath; and Shelaeh begat J Th art tin
sons <f Slum, after their families, after their tongues,
in their lands, after their nations. I >■ at the
families of th h, after th terations,
in their nations : and of th > wet the nations div\
in the earth after tin flood.
/• ,/;, th generations of Shem. Shem wai an
hundred yean old, and begat Arpachshad tn
the Hood: "and Slum lived after In I
_\i years, and begat torn and
of the Plain of I mini, xi\ . , I I,' •• > ' .', '7
[g. «i 1 ohlm ren fill, t. Ix, 15.
16, 1 t. Ex. vi. 5 ; aa th ii- 1 xlii. 1 1* Mid
1, read ' Al.iam', and the Hrih ..f Ii,hin.i.l, XvL I. 3 [j l6 d \n. 4' :
M
6
7
jo
12
-I
XI
10
1 1
i6j PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
12
13
14
16
17
19
20
21
22
23
24
2 5
26
27
daughters. 12 yl ?/</ ^4 rpachshad lived five and thirty
years, and begat Shelach: ™ and A rpachshad lived
after he begat Shelach four hundred and three years, and
begat sons and daughters. 14 And Shelach lived thirty
years, and begat Eber : n and Shelach lived after he
begat Eber four hundred and three years, and begat
sons and daughters. 16 And Eber lived four and thirty
years, and begat Peleg : " and Eber lived after he
begat Peleg four hundred and thirty years, and begat
sons and daughters. 18 And Peleg lived thirty years, and
begat Reu: ]9 and Peleg lived after he begat Reu two
hundred and nine years, and begat sons and daughters.
20 And Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug :
21 and Reu lived after he begat Serug two hundred and
seven years, and begat sons and daughters. 22 And
Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nachor : ' a and Serug
lived after he begat Nachor two hundred years, and
begat sons a fid daughters. 24 And Nachor lived nine and
twenty years, and begat Terach : 25 and Nachor lived
after he begat Terach an hundred and nineteen years, and
begat sons and daughters. 2G A nd Terach lived seventy
years, and begat Abram, Nachor, and Haran.
27 And these are the generations of Terach. Terach
begat Abram, Nachor, and Haran ; a fid Haran begat
Lot, [and he died] 2 * h in Ur-Kashdim. 31 And Terach
took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran, his son's
son, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram s
wife, and [brought] them forth from Ur-Kashdim, to go
if Abram was 75 when he left Charan, and was 10 years in Kenaan
before he took Hagar to wife, he would be 86 when her child was born ;
'land of Kenaan,' cf. xiii. I2 a ; Abram, not Hagar, 11, names the
child, 15;) and passes to the Covenant of the Circumcision, xvii (see
pp. 151 f, ' Elohim,' 3. 9. 15. 18. 19. 22. 23: ' Iahveh ' is clearly a mis-
take in 1 ; 1. 17. 24 f look back on xvi. 16 ; ' walk before me, blameless,'
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 163
into the land of Kenaan ; and they came to Charan. and
dwelt there. 32 A nd the days of Terach were two hundred
and five years : and Terach died in Charan.
[And these are the generations of Abram.'] ib Abram
was seventy and five years old when he departed out of
Charan. 5 And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot
his brother's son, and all their substanci which they had
gathered, and the souls they had gotten in Charan ;
and thi v 7. ; nt forth to go into the land of Kenaan. And
they came into the land of Kenaan ; ''but the land was
not able to bear them that they might dwell together : for
their substanci wai . that they could not dwell
.'her. Ub And they separated themselves the om from
the "titer : ,2 * Abram the. It in the bind of Kenaan, and
I t dwelt in the Cities of the Plain. lt And it came to
hen Elohim destroyed thi Cities of the J 1 lain, that
Elohim remembered Abra{ha\m, and sent Lot out of the
midst of tin ov<r throw irhn In overthrew the Cities in
which Lot dwelt, ' And Sarai, Abram 9 s wife, ban him
no children: and sh* had an handmaid, a Mizraiimitess,
nam* wa Ha ar. And Sarai, Ala an.
took ffagat tin Mizraiimitesi her handmaid, after Abram
had dwelt ten yean in tht land oj Kenaan, andgavt her
to Abram her husband to be his wife. u And Hagat
ban At'/ am ,1 ton: and A/aam called tht nam* of his
XI
xii
4 1 '
xm
6
xix
»9
XVI
I
15
r, cf. vi. 9; ' make,' or ' establish a covenant,' a. 7. 19 11 j cf. ix.9.11.
1 .-. 17: • thi ■■ -Tin] thy 1 thee/ 7. 8. 9. 10. 19; cf. b 9 ; '1
of a covenant,' 11 ; cf. be. 1 j. 13. 17 ; ' I"- fruitful and multiply,' ao ; cf.
ix. i. 7. i. aa ivenant,' 7. 13 19 ; cf. la i6i
* land of Kenaan, 1 8, cf. xvi. 3, 1 I. 19!
'male' 10. a; , ri k, HI t6j ' oul,' 5; 'cnl "It. '
i\. 1 r , ■ - - .. 0i c f. v. xi ; ' in the
vii. [3). Here he U ■■ the Si il week and
th, and I lant will favourite theme Heii
not interested in men as such : he la In love with religions in Ht it » ^ ■
M j
if> 4 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
xvi
1 6
xvii
i
10
1 1
son which Hagar bare, Iishmael. v< And Abram was
fourscore and six years old when Hagar bare Iishmael
to Abram. ^ And when Abram was ninety years old and
nine \Iahvch\ \Klohim\ appeared to Abram, and said
unto him, '/ am El Almighty ; walk thou be/ore me and
be blameless, 2 and I will make my covenant belwecti me
ami thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly.' 3 And
Abram fell on his face : and Elohim talked with him,
saying, 4 'As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee,
and thou shalt be the father of a multitude of nations.
' X, ither shall thy name any more be called "Abram," but
thy name shall be "Abraham " ; for the father of a mul-
titude of nations {abhamoii) have I made thee. ''' And I
will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make
nations of thee, and kings shall come forth from thee.
7 And 1 will establish my covenant between me and thee
and thy seed after thee throughout their generations for
an everlasting covenant to be a God unto thee, and to thy
seed after thee. 8 And I will give unto thee, and to thy
seed after thee, the land of thy sojournings, all the land of
Kenaan, for an everlasting possession, and I will be
their God! 9 And Elohim said unto Abraham, 'But as
for thee, thou shall keep my covenant, thou, and thy seed
after thee throughout their generations. 10 This is my
covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and thee, and
thy seed after thee, — every male among you shall be cir-
cumcised. n And ye shall be circumcised in the flesh of
The life of Abram is told in a few verses, but the institution of circum-
cision fills a whole chapter. And again, as in i-ii. 4" and ix. 1— 17, his
style is formal and wearisome. It is the style of & priest. Cf. p. 157.
Further examination of his work confirms this opinion. After briefly
recounting the fulfilment of the promise of a son to Sarah, xxi. i b (cf.
xvii. 19 ; read ' Elohim,' cf. xvii. 1) 2 b ~5 (' Elohim,' 2 ; 4 ; 'set time,' 2,
cf. xvii. 21 ; with 3 cf. xvi. 15 : Abraham names the child as in xvi. 15,
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 165
XVll
"3
14
16
'7
your foreskin, and it shall be a token of a covenant be-
twixt me and you. u And he that is eight days old shall
be circumcised among you, every male throughout your
gent rati mis. h- that is born in the house, or bought with
money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed. v He that
is horn in thy house, anil he that is bought with thy
money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant
shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant. u And
the uneiii umeised male who is not circumcised in the
flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his
people; he hath broken my covenant' u And Elohim
said unto Abraham, ( A t for Sarai thy wife, thou shall not
call her nami "Sarai" but "Sarah ' shall her name be.
\n I I will bless her, and moreover I will give tin,
a son of her : yea, I will blesi her. and sht shall be for
nations; kings of / ! hall In of hi/.' lT And
. I braham f II upon I. ■ and laugh* d, and said in
his heart, 'Shall a child be born unto him that is an
hundred yean old? and thall .Sarah that is ninety years
nil/, bear ? ' '' . hid Abraham said unto Elohim, ' () that
It hmael might livi before thee' '''And Elohim said,
• Nay . Sarah thy wif shall indeed bear tine a son ; and
thou -halt Kill his name " lizchak"; and I will establish
my covenant with him /<■/• ,in everlast, nantfor his
And ./. for lishmael, I hare heard
thee i /"hold. I bar, blessed him, •uid will make him
finit fuf and will multiply him exceedingly; twelvi
cf. xvii. [5; v. 13 ; and with 5 cf, xvil. 1. 1; note
j and dignified 'I'
I Al.m!, l.i, politl I'
1 t<> bnry his « i!<- in i hi 1 the
with 1 cf. x \ 11 . 17; ' land of ] >. 19;
rii. 8 ; ' ] orii. jo ; ' Elohim, 1 6.
la 1 omit with i.x\ mto "n ':•:.', | 1 from tin- nuu
.s
"I
.•o
166 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
21
-'3
24
2 5
26
XXI
lb
2*
5
xxiii
1
2
princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great
nation. n And my covenant will I establish zvi/h lizchak,
whom Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the
next year' "And he ceased talking with him, and
Elohim iv en t up from Abraham. 23 And Abraham took
Iishmael his son, and all that were born i?i his house,
and all that were bought with his money, every male
among the men of Abraham s house, and circumcised the
flesh of their foreskin in the selfsame day, as Elohim had
said unto him. 2i And Abraham was ninety years old
and nine, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his
foreskin. 25 And Iishmael his son was thirteen years old
when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin.
26 In the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and
Iishmael his son. 21 And all the men of his house, those
born in the house, and those bought with money of the
stranger, were circumcised with him. lb And [lahveh\
[Elohim] did unto Sarah as he had spoken; 2b and
Sarah [bare Abraham a son] at the set time of which
Elohim had spoken to him. 3 And Abraham called the
name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah
bare to him, ' lizchak.' 4 And Abraham circumcised his
son lizchak when he was eight days old, as Elohim had
commanded him. 5 And Abraham was an hundred years
old when his son lizchak was born unto him. 1 And the
/if' of Sarah was an hundred and twenty and seven
years [the years of the life of Sarah}. ''■And Sarah died
in Kiriath Arba {the same is Cheoronl in the land of
PMO; in 2 omit gloss ' the same is Chebron ' ; in 6 read 'd«5 ':in Kb
with i.xx as in n ; so in 15 ; in 17 read with LXX vbaaa -icn _, ?31 and
-:---'~~ before nti'J, cf. 19. For the peculiar use of cpn here and in 20
see Lev. xxv. 30. xxvii. 14. 17. 19. In 19 read ittn before 'JD-by as in
17 . He then mentions the death of Abraham, and his burial with
Sarah in the cave of Makpelah, xxv. 7-10 (cf. xii. 4. xvi. 16. xvii. 1. 24.
5
6
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 167
Kenaan : and Abraham went in to mourn for Sarah,
and to weep for her. ' And Abraham rose up from
be/ore his chad, and spake unto the sons of Cheth,
saying, 4 '7 am a stranger and a sojourner with you:
give me a possession of a burying placi with you, thai I
may bury my dead out of my sight.' 5 And the sons of
Cheth answered Abraham, saying. ■ [ l Nqy^\ my lord hear
us : a prince of Elofrim art thou among us : in the
choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall
-withhold from thee his sepulchre but that thou mayest
bury thy dead! 'And Abraham rose u/>. and bowed
himself to the peopb of thi bind, to the sous of Clnth.
8 And hi spake with them, saying, ' If it bi your mind
that I should bury my dead out of my sight, hear me,
and nitr-.it Ephron for me, thi son of Zochar, * that ht
may givt ni' the 1 ■/■ ' Makpelah, which h< hath, which
is in thi • nd of his ft, Id ; for full money It / him give it to
m>- in the midst of you for a / n of a burying
place! w Now Ephron sat in thi midst of thi son
Cheth. And Ephron th> Chittite answered Abraham in
t/ii eat of thi Cheth, even of all that went in at
thi his lity. saying. ' Nay, my lord, hear me:
I Hvt tb" the field, and thi cavi that is therein, t give it
thei ; in thi eyes of the my peoph do I givt it
tin 1 : so bury thy dead! '•' And Abraham bowed himself
down befon thi peoph of thi land; " and hi spaki unto
I /iron in thi eat ■' thi peopb of thi land, saying,
• But if thou wilt, pray heat me : I will givt the prid
of the field ; lakt it of me, </W / will bury my dead
thet ** And Ephron answered Abraham, laying,
'•"'[' Nay,] my lord, hear mt : wha 1 1 hundred si
1 1
12
13
M
xxi. 5, xxiii. 1 ; 9. 10 I k Oil xxiii. 17 [9; nt tin- end
with LXX. Sam. D*o*), 1 I Uzcbak, and appx
El-Almighty, u* . <J. srii. 1. xxxv. 11, u. Ei ri. 3 , giva ''"'
1 68 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
xxm
16
is
»9
20
XXV
7
JO
II"
12
shekels' worth of land between me and thee ! so bury thy
dead?* le And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron ; and
Abraham weighed for Ephron the silver of which he
spake in the ears of the sons of Cheth, four hundred
shekels of silver, merchants coin. 17 And the field of
Ephron which ivas in Makpi lah, which was [over against]
Mamre, the field and the cave that was in it, and all
the trees that were in the field, [and everything] that
was in the borders thereof round about, were made sure
18 unto Abraham for a possession in the eyes of the sons
of Cheth, of all who went in at the gate of the city.
19 And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the
cave of the field of Makpelah [which ivas] over against
Mamre {the same is ChebronX in the land of Eenaan.
20 And the field and the cave that was therein, were made
sure unto A bra ham for a possession of a burying-placl
by the sons of Cheth. 7 And these are the days of the
years of Abraham s life which he lived, an hundred three-'
score and fifteen years. 8 And Abraham gave up the
ghost, and died in a good old age, an old man and full of
[days]; and he was gathered to his people. 9 And
Iizchak and lishmael his sons buried him in the cave of
Makpelah in the field of Ephron the son of Zochar, the
Chit tile, which is bfore Mamre; w the field which Abra-
ham purchased of the sons of Cheth : there was Abraham
tin ri 1 d, and Sarah his wife. Ha And it came to pass after
the death of Abraham that Elohim blessed Iizchak his son.
********
'- And tin si arc the generations of lishmael, Abraham's
son, whom Hagar the Mizraiimitess, Sarah's handmaid,
family trees of lishmael and Iizchak, xxv. 12-17. J 9- 2 °- 2 ^ b ('these are
the generations of, 12. 19 ; 12 looks back on xvi. I. 3. 15. 16 ; n«o in
7. 17; v:in in 19; 'Bethnel, the Aramean,' and ' Paddan-Aram/ 20,
instead of ' Bethucl, son of Nachor,' and ' Aram of the Two Rivers,'
Priestly history book. 169
bare unto Abraham : ,s and these are the nanus of tin-
sons of lishmael, by their names according to their
generations: the firstborn of lishmael, Nebaioth; and
Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam : M and Mishma and
Duntah and Massa j l8 Chadad and Tema, felur.
Naphish, and Kedemah : la these are the suns of lishmael,
and thesi are their names in their settlements and in their
encampments, twelve princes according to their nations.
"And these an the years of the lift of lishmael, an
hundred and thirty and seven years : and he gave uf>
tin ghost and do d ; and In :< 'OS gatht it d unto his peopli .
19 A nd tin Si an tit' g( nerations of Irz< hak, A brahanCs
son : Abraham begat Ii:> hak ; *°and [when] lizchak was
forty years old hi tout; Ribkah, the daughter of Bethuel
tin Aram, an, of Paddan-Aram, the sister of Laban the
Aramean, to /« his wife. [And sh* ban Esav and
Iakob ; ] ub and lizchak was threescore years <>I<I when
ban them. '■Ami -linn Esav :■ 1 years old
In- took to wife /ihudith, tin daughter of l><<ri the
ttite, and Basemath, tin daughter of Elon the Chi it He.
I nd tiny wert bitterness of spirit un. I. hak and
Ribkah. [** And Ribkah raid to Jitchai,* J am
daughters of < % (A,
XXV
13
'4
16
-•O
»6 b
xxvi
.'I
35
xxiv. 10. 15. <■'-.; with 17 'i. ■ . 1 I'., svil. •'.; ; in ^o read n,
xxvi. 34 : v nil .■'.'■ (i. 1 j. 10, and real u 15), tells ol
1 l marriage with beathen txvi .-. 1 jo).
lakob'a d< pari Paddan Aram/ • -10 ;
Almighty,' 3, 1 f. xvii. 1 ; ' fruitful and multiply/ 3
• land • -. . ' I lohim,' 1 ; ■ i" tl to thj
wii. 7. 1 1 i ■.
Ribkah s.ii'l t>. lizchak, I am «. ary of my lil ;ht( 1
«.f < h< th : if lakob i ife "f th<
of the daughter! of the land, 9 ■ mi ?' >■
xxvi. ;, ( 35, bat ismori it with xj 'Whatgi
my life tlo mc '/ ' witli xw. a — and l the
iro PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
XXV111
1
what good shall my life do me ?'} ^ And Iizchak called I akob,
and blessed him, and charged him, and said unto him,
' Thou shall not take a wife of the daughters of Kenaan.
2 Arise, go to Paddan-Aram, to the house of Bethuel thy
mother s father ; and take thee a ivife from thence of the
daughters of La ban thy mothers brother. s And El
Almighty shall bless thee, and make thee fruitful, and
multiply thee, that thou mayest become an assembly of
peoples ; 4 and shall give thee the blessing of Abraham, to
thee and to thy seed with thee, that thou mayest inherit the
land of thy sojournings which Elohim gave unto Abra-
ham! 5 And Iizchak sent Jakob away : and he went to
Paddan-Aram unto Laban, son of Bethuel the Aramean,
the brother of Ribkah, the mother of Jakob and Esav.
6 G And when Esav saw that Iizchak had blessed Jakob and
sent him away to Paddan-Aram to lake him from thence
a wife; and that as he blessed him, he gave him a charge,
saying, ' Thou shall not take a wife of the daughters of
7 Kenaan' ; 7 and that Jakob hearkened unto his father
8 {and his mother} and went unto Paddan-Aram : — 8 when
Esav saw that the daughters of Kenaan pleased not
(j Jizchak his father, 9 then Esav went unto Iishmael, and
took unto the wives which he had, Machalath the daughter
of Iishmael, Abraham's son, the sister of Nebaio/h, to be
his wfe. [And Jakob look Leah and Rachel the
xxxv daughters of Laban, son of Bethuel, the brother of
22° Ribkah to wife.'] 22b And the sons of Jakob were twelve:
2^ , the sons of Leah; ^Reuben, Jakob's firstborn, and
redactor) ; Esav's marriage with a kinswoman, 6-9 (cf. 1-5 ; ' Paddan-
Aram ' ; ' daughters of Kenaan ' ; in 7 omit idn^ni, cf. xxvii. 43. 44),
Iakob'5 marriage (now lost, and family, xxxv. 22 b -26 (' Paddan-Aram' ;
'these are the sons of), his return, xxxi. i8 b ('Paddan-Aram';
'substance,' cf. xii. 5. xiii. 6; 'which he had gathered,' etc., xii. 5;
restore as above, cf. xxxvi. 6. xlvi. 6., and arrival at Shechem, xxxiii.
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
171
Xi.w
XXXI
18°
xxxiii
i8*>
xxxiv
Shimeon, and Levi, afid Iekudah, and Iissachar, and
Zclulun : 24 the sons of Rachel ; Joseph and Biniamin : -'4
26 and the sons of Bilhah, Rochets handmaid ; Dan and 25
Naphtali: a and the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; 26
Gad and Aslnr : these are the sojis of Jakob -which weri
born to him in Paddan-Aram. [And Jakob took his
ves and their handmaids, and his sons and his
daughters,] nb and all his substance which he had
gathered, the cattle of his getting, which In had gathered
in Paddan-Aram, to go to Jizchak his father unto tht land
of Kenaan. nb [And Iakob cami J to thi city of Shechem
which is in the land of Kenaan, as h< cam, from Paddan-
Aram. l And Dinah the daughter of J. ah, -which she
bare unto Jakob, went out to set tin daughters of the land.
*• And Shechem thi son of Chamor (In Chivite, tin
princt of thi land, saw her. * And Shechem spake unto
Chamor his father, saying, 'Get me this maid, a to wife?
A I'd Chamor the father of Shechem went out unto \t/n
its of] Iakob to speak with \th>m\. And Chamor
with tin in, I sin, In m m\
longeth for your daughter : I pray you pfvt her unto him
tow And make ye marriages with u it •>
daughters unto u . and tak, our daughters unto you.
'Andy, thaM dwell with us : ami tin land shall be bef on 10
18* [' land of Kenaan ' ; 'Paddan-Aram! ; and then once more I
a pause to dwell on lakob'i treatment "t h< ithen even though di
enmciaed, a uv. i, j". 4, '■ 1 s
jo j;"' , he bare unto Iakob/ 1, d 16 \w. ij.
' j. rim <•,' 1. 1 I. xvii. 20. xxv. [6 ;
13. 24, j;. of. xvii. 10. . cf.
xxxi. 18, etc. ; cf. 8 1 0. 1 1 18 with sjriii. 7-9. 13 [5; ao. 24 withxxiii. 10.
1 - ; \ pm, 10, cf. xxiii. 4. (j. 20 ; inc, 10, cf. utiii. 16. I b<
that Shechem <1 1< 1 more than fall in love with Dinah Ifl thi Q, as
27'', ' because they had denied thi
filed Dinah their si>t> r ' are probably from 1! toi who certainly
172 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
XXXIV
13
'4
16
1/
18
20
21
you ; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions
tin rein. 13 But the sons of Iakob answered {Shechem and\
Chamor with subtlety, atid spake, {because he had defiled
Dinah their sister) , u and said unto \him\, ' We cannot do
this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised ;
for that zvere a reproach unto us : 15 only on this condition
will we consent unto you: if ye will be as we are, that
every male of you be circumcised ; 16 then we will give our
dii ughters unto you, and we will take your daughters to
us, and zve will dwell with you, and we will become one
people. " But if ye will not hearken unto us, to be
circumcised, then we will take our daughter, and be gone.'
'" . hid their words were good in the eyes of Chamor, and
Shechctn, the son of Chamor. 20 And Chamor, and
Shechem his son, came unto the gate of their city, and
spake with the men of their city, saying, 21 ' These men are
peaceable with us ; therefore let litem dwell in the land,
and trade therein ; for, behold, the land is large enough
for them ; let us take their daughters to us for wives,
and let us give them our daughters. 22 Only on this
condition will the men consent unto us to dwell with us, to
become one people, if every male among us be circumcised
added ' that he had defiled Dinah his daughter ' in 5, p. 103. In 6
restore cn« . . . '?* '33 7N as in 8. 13. In 13 omit 'Shechem and,'
before ' Chamor ' : the father is the only spokesman, 8, and the redactor
has added ' Shechem ' from 11.12 where the son is his own speaker. In
14 read v:n. In 27" omit ' the sons of Iakob came upon the slain,' from
the same hand as the last clause of this verse. For the spirit of the
story, see Num. xxv. 6-9. xxxi. 7 -11. Ezra ix. 12. x.) Next follows the
theophany at Luz, and the change of Iakob's name to Iisrael, xxxv. 6 a .
9 13". 15 (' Elohim,' 9. 10. 11. 13. 15 ; ' Luz,' 6, cf. xlviii. 3; 'land of
Kenaan,' 6; ' Paddan-Aram,' 9; 'El-Almighty,' 11; 'be fruitful and
multiply, ' 11;' assembly of nations,' cf. xxviii. 3 ; in 6" omit the gloss,
'the same is Bethel,' which anticipates 15 ; in 9, cf. xlviii. 3, read 117:1
with LXX, overlooked before 1N12 ; and omit iir, due to the redactorwith
eye upon xxxv. 1-8: in 13, omit, 'in the place where he spoke with him,'
22
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
173
IXX1V
-V.
24
-ac
as they are circumcised. J Shall not their cattle and
their substance and all their beasts be ours? only let us
consent unto them, and they will dwell with us.' u And
all that went out 0/ the gate of his city hearkened unto
Chamor, and unto Shechem his son ; and every male ivas
circumciSi d, all that went out of the gate of his city.
25 ^ And it came io pass on tin third day, when they were
sore, that {two of) the sons of Jakob took each man his
sword, and came boldly upon the city, and .slew all the
malt s, '" { the sons of Jakob came upon the stain \ and Spoilt d the
city. use they had defiled their sister\ "'and look their
is and their herds, and their asses, and that which
was in the city, and that which WOS in the field ; -'ami
all their wealthy ami all their little ones, and their wives
took they captive, and spoiled even everything in th, h
.hid Iakob tarn, to Lus, which is in th, land <<f
A' naan { the same is Bethi t\. *A nd EL 'him appt an d unt
i he ram, /nan Paddan- Aram.
and Io blessed him: ' and Elohim sanl unto him
nam, is Jakob : thy nam, shall not l>i <my more , ailed
ob." but "lisrael" shall b, thy nam,.' And h, called
Ins not '</.' ■ / a i unto him, ' I am 11
El Almighty: /'■< fruitful and multiply; a nation and an
whit li hai ilipl in f r< 'in 14), his return to Mami lii. a in Kin
Ai !>.i, .'7 M hi< li ha 'I In. in it
'■ for this pi it un 1 1:
iambi ; omll • the ume If < bebron ' . ' a< d< l
kxt. ao. 26; 'gave up tfa itbered onto 1 'old
i full ■■! , i
1 daughter* oi Kenaan,' .• lii. 1 ; 'which ora noto him in,'
5 b , cf. xxxv. 30* ; ' )
' land of 1 ii. 4; with
and 1 in ^'i hid. 1 1 : • .mil
10-43, ba* been worked over pa 1
later hand. According to xxvi. 34 ■ 'Adah,
-7
»9
XXIV
I,'
IO
•74
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
12
'4
15
27
28
29
xxxvi
1
assembly 0/ nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come
from thy loins ; 12 and the land which I gave unto
Abraham and Iizchak, to thee will I give it, and to thy
set d after thee will I give the land: ]3 *AndElohim went up
from him [in the place where he spake with him. "And
Jakob set up a pillar in the place where he spake with him, a
pillar of stone : and he poured out a drink offering thereon, and
poured oil thereon). 15 And lakob called the name of the
place where Elohim spake with him, 'Bethel.' 27 And
Jakob came unto Iizchak his father to Mamre, to
K11 lath-Arba {the same is Chebron) where Abraham and
Iizchak sojourned. 28 And the days of Iizchak were an
hundred and fourscore years. 29 And Iizchak gave up
the ghost, and died, and was gathered unto his people, old
and full of days ; and Esav and lakob his sons buried
him.
l And these are the generations of Esav { the same is Edom } .
2 Esav look his wives of the daughters of Kenaan ; [Adah,
the daughter of Eton the Chitti/e, and Oholibamah, the daughter
ofAnah \ the daughter of Zibeon \ {the Chorite~] ; 3 and Basemath,
IishmaeVs daughter, sister of Nebaioth. * And Adah bare to
Esav, Eliphaz ; and Basemath bare Reuel ; 5 and Oholibamah
bare Ieush and Ialam and A"orach) : these are the sons of
I vu which were born unto him in the land of Eenaan.
8 And Esav took his wives, and his sons, and his
daughters, and all the souls of his house, and his cattle,
' the daughter of Elon, the Chittite' ; and according to xxviii. 9, Esav's
wife, ' daughter of Iishmael and sister of Nebaioth,' was Machalath,'
not ' Basemath.' 9-14 is akin to 2 b -5" : note ' Adah,' 10. 12, instead of
' Iehudith,' xxvi. 34 ; ' Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah,' 14, as in 2 ;
and no mention of ' Machalath, xxviii. 9 ; and 9" reintroduces 1. 15-19
is parallel to 9-14 but from a similar source ; note ' Oholibamah,' 18.
also 20-28: 'Oholibamah,' 25. Then 29. 30 stand in the same
relation to 20-28 as 15-19 to 9-14. 31-39 has peculiarities which
mark it off from the preceding, — a list of disconnected kings formally
classified ; but 35 is akin to 24, and our writer never condescends to such
3
4
5
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
'75
and all his beasts, and all his goods which he had gathered
in the land of Kenaan, and went into the land [of Stir ]
from the face of his brother Iakob : ~' for their substance
was more than that they might dwell together ; and the
land of their sojournings could not bear them because of
their cattle. 8 And Esav dwelt in J fount Set'r: ', Esav is
Edom. * And these are the generations of Esav, the father of
Edom, in Mount Se/r : '"these are the names of Esav' s sen* :
Eliphaz, the son of Adah the -wife of Esav, Reuel the son of
Base math, the wife of Esav. u And the sons of Eliphaz \
Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and A'ena:. a And Timna
was concubine to Eliphaz, Esav s sou ; and she bare to EHphax,
Amalek : these are the sons of Adah, Esav's wife. Ia And these
are the sons of Reuel : A'aehath and ZeraJi, Shammah and
Mizzah : these are the sons of Hasemath, Esav's wife. lt And
these are the sons of Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, \ the
daughter of Zibeon ', Esav's wife: and she bare to Esav, 1
and /a/am, and Korach. '' These are the chiefs of the sons of
Esav: the sons of Eliphaz, Esav's firstborn ; chief Teman, chief
Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz, " ! chief Kara h \ . , hief Gatam,
chief Amalek: / the chiefs of Eliphat in tin land of
Edom; these are the sons of Adah. n 'And these are thi
ton; cl hath, chief Zerach, chief Shammah,
' : these art tht < h ' Edom ;
these are the son ,/ Basemath, I
are the sons of Oholibamah, I hief Inch, chief
lalam, chief Korach: tin t are the chiej libamah, the
of Anah, 1 and
Edom ; . •' / the
son it,, the of the land; I otan and
xxxv 1
8
9
10
i i
i -•
'3
'♦
i.,
'7
is
ly
<lct.iil». i the list! "f ■ hli i . rj [9 Inde
but
liferent name* • Alvah,' ' Ietheth,' '] Pinon/ 'Ml
• Irani '; rui'l the nun. ' Tin. Ifld ' < >ho-
lili.-nnrili." ■ t .•. 1 ( 1 ' Anah ' in J.| i> ri"t tbl I ' s 'ir ' "I
JO. 35, H), DOT 1- ' I NfhoO ' in .•_: the man ol tli.it Dame in 1 1 • '
[i Hadad in 36 the Hadad 1 1 om. 'tin 1 »m ' .
in 2 re.vl »nn ; "in. 'daughtei "f Zibeon 1 ■•■• I '»-
consistent with 20. 14, :.-. i<), wliic!. "">
i?6
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
XXXVI
JI
22
■23
24
26
27
28 29
3°
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah ; 21 and Dishon, and Ezer, and
Riskoti] : these are the ehiefs of the Choriies, the sons of Seir in the
/and of Edom. 22 And the sons of Lot an are Chori and Hemam ;
and Lo tan's sister was Tinnia. 2i And these are the sons of
Shobal ; A Ivan, and Manachath, and Ebal, Shepho, and Onam.
-' And these are the sons of Zibeon ; Aiah and Anah : this is
Anah who found the warm springs in the wilderness as he fed the
asses of Zibeon his father. K And these are the sons of Anah ;
Dishon and Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah. 26 And these are
the sons of Dishon : Chew Jan, and Eshban, and Iithran, and
Reran. 27 These are the sons of Ezer ; Bilhan, and Zaavan, and
Akan. "* These are the sons op '[Kishon]; Uz, and Aran. ■* These
are the ehiefs of the Chorites ; chief Lotan, chief Shobal, chief
Zibeon, chief Anah, "chief Dishon, chief Ezer, chief [Rislion] :
these are the chiefs of the Chorites, according to their [tribes] in the
land of Seir. 31 And these are the kings that reigned in the land
of Edom, before there reigned any king over the sons of /Israel.
52 And Beta the son of Beor reigned in Edom ; and the name of
his city was Dinhabah. S3 And Bela died, and Iobab the son of
Zerach of Bozrah reigned in his stead. 3l And Iobab died, and
Chusham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead.
35 And Cliusham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who smote
Miiiian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name
of his city was Avith. '''"And Iladad died, and Samlah of
Masrekah reigned in his stead. 31 And Samlah died, and Shaul
of Kechoboth on the river, reigned in his stead. 38 And Shaul
died, and Baal-Chanan, the son of Akbor, reigned hi his stead.
'■''-'. hid Baal-Chanan, the son of Akbor, died, and [Iladad] reigned
in his stead: and the name of his city was I'au ; and his wife's
name wai Mehetabel, the daughter of Mat red, the [son] of
Esav is Edom' ; in 14 om. 'daughter of Zibeon,' as in 2 ; in 16 om.
' Chief Korach,' whose right place is in 18, as in 14; in 19 om. 'the
same is Edom,' which is out of connection; in 21. 28. 30 read jirt
for ^ttt with LXX; in 26 read jct ; in 30 read crrc'TNb with lxx ; in
39 read "0 p with l.xx, and inn for iin with LXX ; and in 43 om. 'the
same is Esav, the father of Edom,' cf. 9), and Jakob's settlement in the
land of Kenaan, xxxvii. 1 (follows well on 8", cf. xii. 5. xiii. 6. n b . 12";
' dwelt,' as in xxxvi. 8 a ; ' land of sojoumings '). At this point our
writer's narrative becomes rather fragmentary. xxxvii. 2 a (' These are
the generations of; ' seventeen years old '), and xli. 46" ('thirty,' cf.
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
'77
Me-Zahab. *° And these are the names of the chiefs of Esav,
according to their families, after their places, by their names :
chief Tiiiuia, chief A hah, chief Ietheth ; a chief Oholibamah,
chief Elah, chief Pinon ; a chief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief
Mibzar ; ° chief Magdiel, chief Irani ; these are the chiefs of
Edom, acccording to their habitations in the land of their
possession. This is Esav the father of Edom \ .
1 But Iakob dwelt in the land of his father's sojourn-
ing!, in the hind of Kenaan.
2 * These are the generations of Iakob. Ioseph
seven tt'ii years old, a/id he was with tht sons of Bilhah,
and with the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives. * *
Ind I "ph was !■' ars old when he stood
before Pharaoh king of Mizraiim.
***** *
And they took their cattle, and their substance which
they had gotten in the land of Kenaan, and came into
Mizraiim, Iakob, and all his seed with him: ~ I
and i.i h him, hii daughters and his ■
dai, ' and all In ■ brought he with him into
Mizraiim.
which i ■u/ii
firstborn. * And the son, of Reuben: ■
I Kin mi
lamin, and I '<'•/ /. ami I akin, an,' . and Mian/. :
a A,
xxxvi
4°
41
42
I.'.
xxxvi i
I
xli
xlvi
7
9
10
1 1
OH i ■)/• ■'< l. A-;' '/.:.: >: :-■■ >: I i
xxxm M 1 M ■ now
[4, 'And El Almigh man,
thai I .11 %•• .in brothei and Biniamin. And II 1 n
•Mill \lll.
I
1 1 mil ol
'1. 1 aIh. Ii p more
ori^'iml 1.1: '• I : 1 j I J
bly not from hit h md, bnl from tl l ddan-
1 7 8
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
xlvi
'3
M
'5
16
J7
18
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
xlvii
5
Shelah, and Perez, and Zerach: but Er and Ouau died in the
land of Kenaan. And the sons of Perez were Ckezron and
Chamul. u And the sons of lissachar : Thola, and J'huvvah,
and /of', and Skimron. l *And the sons of Zebu lit n : Sered, and
/■'/on, and Iachleel. '"' These are the sons of Leah, which she
bare unto la/cob in Paddan-Aram, with his daughter Dinah :
all the souls of his sons and his daughters were thirty and three.
16 And the sons of Gad: Ziphion, and Chaggi, Shuni, and
Ezbon, Eri, and Arodi, and Areli. 17 And the sons of A slier :
limnah, and lishvah, and lishvi, and Beriah, and Serach their
sister ; and the sons of Beriah : Cheber, and Malkiel. u These
are the sons of Zilpah, which Laban gave to Leah his daughter,
and these she bare unto Jakob, even sixteen souls. VJ The sons of
Rachel, da/cob's 'wife : Joseph and Biniamin. 2U And unto
Joseph in the land of Mizraiim were born Menasheh and
Ephraiim, which Asenath, the daughter of J'oliphera, priest of On,
bare unto him. -' And the sons of Biniamin : Beta, and Bcker,
and Ashbel, Cera, and A'aaman, Echi, and A'osh, .1/uppim, ana
Chuppim, and Ard. - These are the sons of Rachel which ivere
born unto Jakob : all the souls were fourteen. 2i And the sons oj
J)an : Chushim. "And the sons of Naplitali : Jachzeel, and
Guni, and Jezer, and Shillem. '-'' J'hese are the sons of Bilhah,
-which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and these she bare
unto Iakob : all the souls were seven. - 6 All the souls that came
with Jakob into Mizraiim, which came from his loins, besides
Jakob's sons' wives, all the souls were threescore and six ; 27 and
the sons of Joseph, which woe bom unto him in Mizraiim, w
two souls : all the souls of the house of Jakob, which came into
aiim were threescore and ten.} f 8 And Iakob and his
Aram,' 1 ,; ; ' souls,' 15. 18, etc., cf. xxxvi. 6; 'come from his loins,' 26, cf.
xxxv. n; 12 shows acquaintance with xxxviii, pp. 185 f ; 15 with xxxiv ;
18 with xxx. 9 ; 20 witli xli. 45 ; and 25 with xxx.4). Ik- then briefly
records the arrival of Iakob at Pharaoh's court, xlvii. 5'* 6 a . 7-10 ('the
lnn'l is before thee,' 6, cf. xxxiv. 10; ' the days of the years of the life of,' 8.
9, cf. xxv. 7 ; ' one hundred arid thirty years,' 9 ; ' sojournings,' 9, cf. xvii.
S. xxviii 4. xxxvi 7. xxxvii. 1 ; in 5 read with LXX: 7N niD'TiO TNa , i
'-. ' -z nvi€ r-.n v;n z~v *)0V which continues xlvi. 7, and was
readily omitted on account of the announcement in 5 of Iakob's arrival
in Goshen j, his settlement in Mizraiim, 11. 27''. 2S (with 11 cf. 6 ft , and
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 179
xlvii
sons came into Mizraiim unto Ioseph. And when
Pharaoh king of Mizratim heard of it, then Pharaoh
spake unto Joseph, saying], ' 'Thy father and thy brethren
are come unto thee : 6a the land of Mizratim is before
thee ; in the best of the land make thy father and thy
brethren to dwell! 'And Ioseph brought in Jakob his
father, and set him before Pharaoh : and Jakob blessed
Pharaoh. B And Pharaoh said unto Jakob, c How many
are the days of th, yt ars of thy life r ' A nd Jakob said unto
Pharaoh. '7 he days of the years of my sojournings are an
hundred and thirty years : few and evil hare been the days
oft/u years of my life, and they liar, not attained unto the
days if the years of the lift of my fatlu rs in the days of their
And when Takob had blessed Pharaoh 10
//' went out from the pt f Pharaoh. u And Ioseph 11
placed his father and his brethren, and them a /
ion in the land of Mizratim, in th, best of th. land
■■ t/u land of Kg >■ i Phara h had commanded;
and th, v gat fht m / m th n in, and u . t < ft uil-
ful. and multiplied exceedingly. 'And Jakob lived in
the land of Mizratim seventeen \ ind tht
Takob, th> yean of his ltfe,wen an hundred forty and xlviii
lud Jakob said unto Ioseph, ' El Almighty
with a8 cf. 9 ; ' ] n,' n.aj vi. 6 ; ' fruitful and multiply,'
, cf. xx.\s. ii, ( tc. ; ' daj 9 ; in u om
glota ' in the land ol ■ ' ■ pb, dvii ' ^" ll
F. xxxr. 6*. 9 11; 'landol Kenaan,' .',, 'frnitfnl and multipl;
xlvii. .•; "11I
th;. Cf. Xvii.
■ I with i \\ • to th. e and t" thy
• M< nashi h an-l Ephraiim' aa in Nnm,
, ii. 1 ; thi , Ind as for me, when I came from Paddan
Rachel to my grief died in the bud ol Kenaan ii , when tl
wai -nil lome to 1 phrath; and 1 buried hex th'i. in th<
way,' which ihowa acquaintance with zxxr. 19, p. 107 Paddan,
instead <<f I oul oi place here, and probably waa
n 2
1 -i'
■ .
iSo
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK.
xlviii
xlix
i a
28
»9
?.o
31
23
appeared unto me at Luz in the land of Kenaan, and
blessed me, 'and said unto me, Behold, I will make
thee fruitful, and multiply thee, and I will make of thee
an assembly of peoples, and [to thee'] will I give /his land,
and to thy seed after thee for an everlasting possession.
5 And now thy two sons which were born unto thee in the
land of Mizraiim before I came unto thee into Mizraiim,
are mine ; Menasheh and Ephraiim, even as Reuben and
Shimeon, shall be mine. 6 And thy issue which thou hast
begotten after them, shall be thine; I hey shall be called
after the name of their brethren in their inheritance.'
{ 7 And as for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel to my grief
died in the land of Kenaan in the way, when there was still some
way to come unto Ephrath : and I buried her there in the way
to Ephrath : the same is Bethlechem.) la And Iakob called
unto his sons, { "^ All these are the twelve tribes of /Israel:
and this is it that their father spake unto them) and blessed
thou ; each according to his blessing he blessed them.
2 g
And he charged them, and said unto them, ' When I
am gathered unto my people, bury me with my fathers
\ in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Chiltitc) 30 in the
cave that is in the Ji< Id of Makpelah, which is before
Mamre, in the land of Kenaan, which Abraham bought
7, i/h tin fit Id from Ephron the Chit tile for a possession
of a burying-place : 8l there they buried Abraham and
Sarah his wife ; there they buried lizchak and Ribkah
his wife ; and tin re I buried Leah [and Rachel] : 32 the
originally interpolated after xlix. 32 in place of ImvnNI in xlix.
31), and to his sons, xlix. i\ 28 b -?,2 (cf. xxiii. xxv. 9. 10. xxxv. 29;
'gathered to my people,' 29, cf. xxv. 8. 17; ' possession,' 30, cf. xlvii.
11 ; 28", ' all these are the twelve tribes of Iisrael : and this is it that
their father spake unto them,' interrupts xlix. I a and 28 b , and must be
ascribed to the redactor ; note ' Iisiael ' instead of ' Iakob,' and cf. xlix.
I* with xxviii. 1,, his death and burial, xlix. 33°°. 1. 12. 13 (' gave up the
ghost, and was gathered unto his people,' 33, cf. 29. xxxv. 29, etc. ; ' did
PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. im
field and the cave that is therein, which was purchased
from the sons of Chelh.' 33a And when Iakob had made
an end of charging his sons, 33c he gave up the ghost,
and was gathered unto his people. a2 And his sons did
unto him according as he commanded tfiem : ,s and his
sons carrn d him into the land of Kenaan, and buried
him in the cave of the field of Makpelah, which Abraham
bought with the field, for a possession of a burying -place,
of Ephron the Chittite, before Mamre.
according as he commanded,' 1. 12, cf. vi. 22. xxi. 4 ; ' cave of Makpelah,
13, cf. xlix. 29. 30), and thus hastens on to the next matter of interest
to him, — the introduction of the divine name ' Iahvch ' by Moses,
Ex. vi. 2 ff.
xlix
33 a
33 c
1
12
13
PRIESTLY STORIES.
Malchi-zedek, King of Shalem.
(a) Malchi-zedek, king of Shalem Gen. xiv).
1 And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Skinar,
Ar-ioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of ' Elam, and Tidal
king of the Goiim. -that they made 'war with Bern king of Sedom,
with Birsha king of Gamorah, Shindb king of ' Admah. and
Shetneber king of the Zeboiim , and the king of Beta {the same is
'/.oar . * All these joined themselves togetht r in the vale of Siddim
the same is the Salt-sea). 4 T'welve years they served Chedor-
laomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled. B And in the
fourteenth year came Chcdorlaomcr, and the kings that were with
him, and smote the Rephaim in Ashteroth-Kamaiim, and the
Zuzim in J fa in. and the Emim in the vale of Kiriathaiim,
• and the Choi it es in their Mount Seir, unto J: I- /'a ran. which
is by the wilderness. ' And they returned, and came to En-
Mishpat the same is Kadcsh , and smote all the country of the
Amalekites, and also i ' lies that dwelt in ( 'ha ,; on It: mar.
And there went out the k iom, and the king of Gamorah,
and the king of Admah, and the king of the /.eboiim. a>id the king
of He/a the same is Zoat : and they made battle against them
hi th,- vale of Siddim ; 'against Chedorlaomer Inn; of Elam,
Tidal In/ , I the < I, ami . an I Amrafhel king of Miiuar. and
.\ii r ' I lla a i ; four king a mi ! !'■ ' And tile
valf of Siddim wai /•- fhalt fits ; and the king ■/ Sedom
an I the i in ; of Gamorah fled, and they fell there, and they that
remained fled to the mountain, ' ' . tnd they took all the substatu e
XIV
I
3
4
5
r.
7
IO
I I
l ].■ re i^ do room i"r < .• a. xiv in eith< i the Prophetic >>i
;,,. Prii ii ■"• Book, [t is an isolated story obviously intended to
glorii I iii 17 .• j is the hi hi "i tin , ii;,],i. 1 , • Shall m,' 1 f. P*
Uxvi. 2; ' king's vale, 1 < f. 1 Sam. sviii, i s ; with Malchl eedek['my
king is Zed< k *] cf . Adoni*& nj lord is Zedek '] of Jerusalem, Jos
1S4 PRIESTLY STORIES.
xiv
1 2
13
14
15
16
1/
18
'9
20
21
22
23
24
Malchi-zedek, King of Shalem.
ofSedom and Gamorah,and all their victuals, and went their way.
'-' And they took Lot { A brain's brother's son } who dwelt in Sedom.
and his substance, and departed. 1:; And there came one that had
d, and told A brain the Hebrew: and he dwelt by the Oaks of
Mamrethe Aemorite, brother of Eshkol, and brother of Aner : and
these were confederates with Abram. " And when Abram heard
that his brother 7vas taken captive, he led forth his trained men,
born in his house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued as
far as Dan. ls And he divided himself against them by night, he
and his servants, and smote them, and pursued them unto Chobah,
which is on the left of Dammesek. l6 And he brought back all the
substance, and also brought again his brother Lot, and his sub-
stance, and the women also, and the people. "And the king of
Sedom went out to meet him, after his return from the slaughter
of Chcdorlaomcr and the kings that were with him, at the vale
of Shaveh {the same is the king's vale). l8 And Malchi-zedek
king of Shalem brought forth bread and wine : and he was priest
of El Most High. u And he blessed him, and said 'Blessed be
A brain of El Most High, Possessor of heavens and earth : 20 and
blessed be El Most Liigh, which hath delivered thine enemies into
thy hand.' And he gave him a tenth of all. 21 And the king of
Sedom said unto A brain, ' Give me the souls, and take the sub-
stance to thyself.' a And Abram said to the king of Sedom, ' /
have lifted up mine hand unto { Iahveh * El Most High, Possessor
of heavens and earth, 2J that I will not take a thread nor a shoe-
latchet nor aught that is thine, lest thou shouldest say, L have
made Abram rich: -*for myself nothing; only for what the
x. 1, cf. Ps. ex. 4), and therefore the work of a Judean, and has some
affinity in language with the Priestly History Book ('substance,' 11. 12.
16. 21, cf. xii. 5. xiii. 6. xxxvi. 7. xlvi. 6; 'souls,' 21, cf. xii. 5.xvii. 14;
' born in his house,' 14, cf. xvii. 12. 13. 23. 27) but differs from it
fundamentally in style, and contains some peculiar expressions ("['in
' trained men,' 14 ; ' lords of the covenant,' 13 ; ' Possessor of heavens
and eaith,' 19. 22 ; 'El Most High,' 18. 19. 22). The archaic style is
artificial and overdone, and the names ' Mamre ' (cf. xiii. 18. xviii. 1)
and ' Kshkol ' cf. Num. xiii. 23;, are names of places used of persons.
For 'Chazazon-Tamar' cf. 2 Chron. xx. 2. The story must be pronounced
a 'Midrash' (cf. 2 Chron. xxiv. 27) like Jud. xix and the Book of Ruth.
In 12 omit ' Abram's brother's son'; the distinctive epithet 'Abram the
PRIESTLY STORIES.
185
Malchi-zedek, King of Shalem.
Iehudah and Tamar.
young men have eaten, and (lie portion of the men who went with
me, Aner, Eshkol, and Mamie— let them take their portion'
l> Iehudah and Tamar {Gen. xxxviii).
1 And it came to pass at that time, that Iehudah went down
from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose
name was Chirah. "And Iehudah saw there a daughter of a
certain Kenaanitt whose name tuas Shua ; and he took her, and
went in unto her. 3 And she conceived, and bare a son, and L she]
called his name ' I.r.' * And she conceived again, and bare a son,
and she called his name ' ( )nan.' ' And she yet again bare a son,
and called his name ' She/ah.' And he was at Chezib when she
bare him. " And Iehudah took a wife for Er his firstborn, and \
her name was Tamar. ' And Er, lehudalis firstborn, was
wicked in the eyes of lahveh, and Iahveli slew him. h And
Iehudah said unto Onan, 'Go in unto thy brother's wife, and
do thy pat I by her, and raise up seed to thy brother.' 9 And
Onan knew that the >■ d not be his ; and it came to pass
when he went in unto his brother's -wife, that he spilled it on the
ground lest he should give seed to his brother. " J And the thing
which he did was wicked in the eyes of Iain: h, and he slew him
also. " Then said Iehudah to Tamar his daughter-in-law, ' Re-
main a widow at thy father ' s house, till Shelah my son be grown ' :
for he said. ' Lest he lion Id die also as his brethren did! And
Tamar went and dwelt in her fathers house. u And in
process of time the daughter of Shua, /ehndah's wife died', and
when Iehudah was comforted he went up unto hit theep tht
to Timnah, he and hit friend chirah the Adullamite, ' And
it 7, a to d Tat 1 n aying, ' Behold, thy father-in law goeth up
to Timnah to thear hi. slice/'.' ".///,/ she put he,
xiv
xxxvm
I
3
4
5
10
1 1
'.'.
<l
Hebrew Introduce* Abratn in 13. In a omil 'lahveh' before El
Most Uv r 'h ' with 1. xx, cf. is. [9.
Gen iii ;i -"" »tory, Intl ■ In Ian
to the Prophetic ' lahveh,' 7. 10 j ' conceived and bare a on, and 1 tiled
his name,' 3. 4 5, cf. iv. x. 35. xadx. 3a fl , but again in didactl pnrp
the I'M Historj Book, It di al . lil f ■■ ol Ruth which 1 on
tains a reference to this chapter in Iv. u , but in a verj different spirit
1 86
PRIESTLY STORIES.
XXXV111
'5
16
'7
>9
2D
21
22
-'3
24
26
Iehudah and Tamar.
garments off from her, and covered her with a veil, and wrapped
herself, and sat in the gate of Enaiim, which is by the way to
Timnah. For she saw that She/ah -was grown, but she was not
given unto him to wife. ls And Iehudah saw her, and thought
her to be an harlot ; for she had covered her face. I6 And he
turned unto her by the way, and said, ' Go to, I pray thee, let me
come in unto thee ' : for he knew not that she was his daughter-in-
law. And she said, ' I That wilt thou give me, that thou mayest
come in unto me ? ' " And he said, ' / will send thee a kid from
the flock? And she said, ' Wilt thou give me a pledge till thou
send it ? ' 18 And he said, ' What pledge shall I give thee ? ' And
she said, ' Thy signet, and thy necklet, and thy staff that is in
thine hand' And he gave them her, and came in unto her ; and
she conceived by him. u And she arose, and went away, and laid
by her veil from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood.
20 And when Iehudah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the
Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman's hand, he
found her not. n And he asked the men of her place, saying,
' Where is the harlot that 7vas at Enaiim by the way-side ? '
And they said, ' There hath been no harlot in this place.' w And
he relumed to Iehudah and said, ' I have not found her ; and the
men also of the place said, There hath been no harlot in this
place' 2l And Iehudah said, 'Let her keep \theni\ lest we be shamed.
Behold, I sent this kid, but thou hast not fohnd her.' u And it
came to pass about three months after, that it was told Iehudah
saying. ' Tamar thy daughter-in-law hath played the harlot ;
and behold, she is also with child by whoredom' Ami Jchudah
said. ' Bring her forth, and let her be burnt ! ' M When she ivas
brought forth, she sent to her father-in-law, saying, ' By the man
whose these are, am J with child' : and she said, ' Discern, I pray
thee, whose these be, the signet and the necklets, and staff' 26 And
Iehudah acknowledged them, and said, ' She is more righteous
with the levirate law Deut. xxv. 5-10), as Jud. xix (to which it may be
compared for its isolated and offensive character deals with the subject
of concubinage ; and for this end El and Onan are conveniently and
summarily disposed of. 7. 10. As Jud. xix is more or less based on the
Tahvistic story Gen. xviii. xix, so here there is dependence on Gen. xxv.
24-26. The above Iahvistic expressions may therefore be explained by
PRIESTLY STORIES.
187
Iehudah and Tamar.
than I. for that I gave her not to She/ah my son.' And he knew
her again no more. v And it came to pass in the time of her
travail, that behold, twins were in her womb. 28 And it came
to pass when she travailed, that o?ie put out a hand: and the
midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying,
' This came out first' - J And it came to pass, as he drew back
his hand, that behold, his brother came out : and she said, ' How
hast thou broken forth! the breach be on thee' : therefore his
name was called 'Perez' {'breach'). 30 And afterward came
out his brother that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and
his name was called ' Zerach ' (' uprising').
xxxvm
27
28
29
30
imitation (cf. the Priestly expressions in xiv. p. 184). Tamar is a
recollection of Absalom's ill-fated sister in 2 Sam. xiii. For Iehudah's
family by Tamar. see the editorial passage Gen. xlvi. 12 (Num. xxvi.
19-2;
APPENDIX.
Chaldean Flood Story.
Hasisadra, the hero of the flood, relates his adventures to
Izdubar —
"Then Hea, lord of Sheol spake unto me the will of the gods,
and said, ' Man of Surippak, son of Ubaratut, make an ark as I
shall command thee ; for Bel will destroy the sinful and the
living. But thou shalt preserve the seed of life in the ark. Make
it 600 (?) cubits long and 60 (?) cubits broad and high, and launch
it into the deep.' I said, ' But young and old will laugh at me ! '
And Hea opened his mouth, saying, ' I will give thee what to say
unto them. Man has turned from me, and I will send a flood,
and thou shalt enter into the ark and shut the door. Take with
thee corn, and goods, and male and female slaves, and youths.
I will gather together tl ts of the Held and < n atures of the
earth, and send them unto thee, and thou shalt en< lose them in
thy door.' Then I did a Hea my lord commanded me. On the
5th day the ark was [4 measun i large. On the 6th I finished
the roof. On the 7th I worked at the outside, and on the 8th at
the in ide, and filled up the chinks. 1 pitched it within and
without with three measures of pitch. I made is for the
men and stalls for the cattle. I laid up wine in -oat-skins, and
•red up water and food, material for the ark, and the o.irs.
All this filled 1 wo thirds of the ark. Then ri< h with everything,
with sil 1 1 al and gold, I brought in all the si 1 d ol life, male
and female Blav< . bea ts of the field, creatures of the earth, and
' hildren ol m< n. : ihama pn pan d thi flood, and 1 aid, ' To nighl
it will rain heavily. Enter into the ark andi lose the door. 1 That
day I offered a< riii' 1 j, .ind entered into the ark, and Bhul the
door. To close u 1 promi ed Buzur- adirabi the steersman, a
palace and goods.
lyo APPENDIX
"Then Ragrau rose up in the heavens far and wide, Vul
thundered, Nebo and Saru went forth, Nergal and Ninip, spirits
of destruction, swept the earth. The flood reached the skies.
The bright earth became a waste. All life perished. Brother
knew not brother. In heaven the gods were frightened, and
sought refuge with Anu. They fled like a pack of hounds.
Ishtar, like a child, and Rubat, cried, 'All is turned to corrup-
tion! as I foretold it has come to pass: I have begotten my
people, but like the young of the fishes they strew the sea.' The
gods wept with her in lamentation. Six days and nights passed.
Wind, deluge, and storm overwhelmed. On the seventh day the
storm was calmed, and the deluge, destructive as an earthquake,
quieted. The rain ceased, and the wind and deluge ended. 1
felt the sea tossing, and knew mankind must be destroyed, and
the corpses floating like reeds. I opened the window, and the
light broke over my face. It passed, and I sat down and wept.
Tears flowed down my face. I could see the shore at the
boundary of the sea. Land rose up twelve measures high. The
ark reached Nizir and rested on the mountain unable to pass.
Day after day for six days the ark rested on the mountain of
Nizir. On the seventh I sent forth a dove which flew hither and
thither, and finding no resting place, returned. I sent forth a
swallow which also found no resting place and returned. And I
sent forth a raven which wandered to and fro, devouring and
floating on the waters, and did not return. Then I sent the
animals forth to the four winds, and poured out a libation on an
altar built on the peak of the mountain, an offering of herbs in
sevens, with reed, pine, and simgar. The gods gathered at the
smell, yea, the gods gathered at the savour, like flics they
gathered at the sacrifice. Rubat came with the brightness of
Anu. I rejoiced in the company of gods, and prayed that they
might be with me for ever: ' May the gods come to my altar!
but not Bel, who would have given my family to the deep.' Bel,
who saw the ark, went in anger to the gods and cried, ' Let no
one come out alive ! let not one be saved from the deep.' But
Ninip opened his mouth and said, 'Ask Hea of the matter; for
Hea knoweth all things.' And Hea opened his mouth and
spake to Bel, saying, ' Thou warrior god, who when in anger
APPENDIX. 19'
destroyest with a flood, it was the sinner that did sin, and the
evil that did evil ; but let not the just be cut off, let not the
faithful be destroyed. Instead of thy deluge let lions increase,
and leopards, and famine, and pestilence, and these punish men.'
" But I did not peer into the counsel of the gods : their judgment
came to me in a dream. And then Bel came into the midst of
the ark, and took my hand, and raised me up, and my wife by my
side, and made a bond and covenant, and blessed me thus in the
presence of the people : ' Hasisadra, wife, and family shall be
carried away to be as the gods ! Hasisadra shall dwell afar off
at the mouth of the rivers.' Then they took me, and set me at
the mouth of the rivers afar off.' !
l Paraphrased and abridged from George Smith's ' Chaldean
Account of Genesis/ 1876, pp. 264-272).
The above story is told on the Assyrian tablets discovered in
the library of Asshurbanipal in Kouyunijk, Nineveh. Asshur-
banipal, son of Esarhaddon, reigned from 668 -626 B.C. ('Assyria' :
Ragozin, p. 371 I, but the Assyrian story is a translation of a much
older ( ball [end. The scribe tells us that it was 'written
like the an >y' ('< haldean Account ol < icnesis,' p. 233).
original story is variously dated from 2000-1500 B.C.
It is a version, probably, of this Chaldi an story that is told in
the fra "t the - Historj ol Bi ro 1 ibylonian priest
who lived in the r< ign ol Antiochus II (261 246 B.C.), quoted by
the « bristian fath< rs. Alexander Polyhistor (( .86 B.C.) givesthe
story as follows : " After the death ol AnLt. s his son Xisuthrus
rei] iri. In his time happen* d .1 gri at deluge ; the
history ol which is thus d< cribed. The deitj Cronos appeared
to him in .1 visi and warned him that upon the 15th day ol
the month Dai sius there would be a flood, b) whi< b mankind
w,, oyed. He then d him towriti .1 hist<
ot the beginning, procedure, and com lu iion ol all thii d to
bury it in the 1 ity ol thi Sun at Sippara : and to build a vt 1 I,
and take with him into it his friends and relations ; and to con
on board everythii a Life, togethei with all
thediffi limals both birds and quadrupeds, and trust himsell
fearli Ij ! 1 the do p. Having a iked the d< its- whither he was
to sail, he wa 1 th fod | upon whii h h< offen d
! 92 APPENDIX.
up a prayer for the good of mankind. He then obeyed the
divine admonition, and built a vessel five stadia in length, and
two in breadth. Into this he put every thing which he had
prepared, and last of all conveyed into it his wife, his children,
and his friends.
" After the flood had been upon the earth, and was in time
abated, Xisuthrus sent out birds from the vessel ; which not
finding any food, or any place whereupon they might rest their
feet, returned to him again. After an interval of some days, he
sent them forth a second time ; and they now returned with their
feet tinged with mud. He made a trial a third time with these
birds ; but they returned to him no more : from whence he
judged that the surface of the earth had appeared above the
waters. He therefore made an opening in the vessel, and upon
looking out found that it was stranded upon the side of some
mountain ; upon which he immediately quitted it with his wife,
his daughter, and the pilot. Xisuthrus then paid his adoration
to the earth : and having constructed an altar, offered sacrifices
to the gods, and, with those who had come out of the vessel with
him, disappeared. They who remained within, finding that
their companions did not return, quitted the vessel with many
lamentations, and called continually on the name of Xisuthrus.
Him they saw no more ; but they could distinguish his voice in
the air, and could hear him admonish them to pay due regard to
religion ; and likewise informed them that it was upon account
of his piety that lie was translated to live with the gods, that his
wife and daughter and the pilot had obtained the same honour.
To this he added that they should return to Babylonia, and, as
it was ordained, search for the writings at Sippara, which they
were to make known to all mankind ; moreover that the place
wherein they then were was the land of Armenia. The rest
having heard these words offered sacrifices to the god?, and,
taking a circuit, journeyed toward Babylonia. The vessel being
thus stranded in Armenia, some part of it yet remains in the
Corcyraean mountains of Armenia, and the people scrape off the
bitumen with which it had been outwardly coated, and make use
of it by way of an alexipharmic and amulet/' Syncel. Chron.
xxviii.; Euseb.Chron.v. 8. (Translation of Cory, p. 21 ; 'Chaldean
APPENDIX. 193
Account of Genesis,' pp. 42 ff.) That this is a version of the
Chaldean story, and not dependent on the account in Genesis,
seems clear. Not only is 'Xisuthros' an easy Greek form of
(Ha) Sisadra. but the dream, the pilot, and the translation of
both hero and his wife to the abode of the gods, are peculiar to
these versions.
INDEX TO PASSAGES IN THE TEXT.
TAGE 1
PAGl
i-ii- 3
151
ix. 28- 29 . .160
ii. 4* .
151
x. 1" .
l6l
4*-35 .
2 3
l'' .
39
iii. 1-19
26
-• :•
161
20
29
8- 14
4°
21-24 .
» 9
if 19
39
iv 1
»9
20 .
[6i
j 24 .
29
21
40
26" .
33
22-24
161
.
34
»5 30
40
v. 1-28
154
31-',-
161
29 ....
34
xi. 1 9
32
32 ...
155
10- .•;
if.i
vi. 1-8 .
34
28"
4 1
9-22
r 5 6
28 b
id 2
\ii. 1 - . .
35
-'■/ 30
4"
r, '.
"57
.'.' .
162
: 9 ■
3f
x ii . i r
I 1
10 . .
11
'. ; 7
i 1, -
1 5
6 20
t-
1 -• .
xiii. 1 (
43
1 1 1'." .
'57
6 .'
• "'.',
16'
:,'•
7 .."
43
17'
ii" u
163
,;'...
36
1 .■'' IS
l 1
18-21.
■r s
xiv.
183
.
36
XV.
1 l
14 .
xvi. 1 .
163
viii. 1-2"
2 .
1"
,
'•
\(>\
■
1 1 1
I"
•
ifi
163
.
xvii. .
.«.,
.
xviii. .
48
•
•
£2
'.-.''
37
9
163
i., 19 .
1 9
55
20 . . .
1 |S
ix. 1 -17
i 1"
67
:
38
l»
1 66
!.,'>
INDEX.
PAGB
PAGE
xxi. 2" . 67
xxviii. 1-9 . . .170
2"- S
166
lO-II"
84
6 .
61
II b -I2
«4
7 ■
67
J 3- 15
84
8-21
61
t6* .
84
2. '-32
59
i6 b .
85
33
76
17" .
85
34
60
i7 b .
85
xxii. .
63
i7 e -i8
84
\xiii. .
166
19 .
85
xxiv. .
67
20-22
85
XXV. 1-6
66
xxix
85
7-n»
168
XXX. 1-2"
8S
ii"
73
2 b
8.
12-17
168
2 c -6" .
89
18
48
6 b
89
19-20
[69
6 c -8" .
89
Jl *£
76
8 b
. 89
-'r'"
77
9-' 3" •
9c
26"
77
I3 b
9 c
26 1
[69
I3 c -i6
9 c
27-28
77
17"
9 1
29-34
77
17 1 '
9c
xxvi. 1-33
73
i8« .
9 1
34-35
169
l8 b -20"
9 1
\xvii. r'
77
20 b
9 1
l"
77
20 c -2 2 a
91
77
22 b
9 1
9«
78
22 c - 23"
9 1
9 b -io
78
5 ib
9 1
11 14"
79
24"
9-
•4 1 ' 15
79
24 b
9'
[6 .
79
25
92
17 [8"
79
26
92
"/
79
27
92
i'/' -20
79
28
92
21 --•-"
so
29-40"
92
23
80
40 b
94
-t •
80
. 4^-43
93
-: 30"
79
xxxi. 1
94
30 b ■
81
2
94
3'
Sl
3
94
32
82
4
94
34
82
5-16 .
94
82
17-18"
94
. 43"
82
JS 1 ' .
171
43 1 '. 44
*4
19-20 .
. 96
44" •
84
21"
97
45
84
2I b
94
V>
169
2I'-23 a
• 97
INDEX.
197
PAGE
PAGE
x.\ xi. 2 3 b . -94
xxxv. 7 !o=i
2+
97
8
107
"5 b •
97
9- J 5 •
173
•
97
16-22"
107
26
97
2 2 b -26
170
-7
95
27-29
174
28-30.
98
xxxvi. .
174
3 1
95
xxxvii. 1-2
177
32-45 •
9§
2 b .
10S
46" •
95
3-4 •
108
46'' .
96
5-1 1
10S
47
102
12-13"
10S
•
95
l 3 *-l 4 »
109
• •
14".
108
49
96
,.: l8"
[09
5°
95
[8* .
108
51 54
IOI
iy-20"
110
55
i°3
20 1 ' .
109
xxxii. 1-2 .
• 103
20° .
. 1 10
3-'- •
• 96
21" .
110
13 s •
100
2I b .
109
I3&-3I"
98
22 .
1 10
11* .
i°3
23 •
109
22
100
24 . .
1 10
.
103
25-27
109
.
IOI
i8« .
1 1 1
30 •
'°3
:N h .
1 10
3'
IOI
30
1 1 1
xxxiii. 1 is 1
101
31
1 10
[8* .
'7'
32" •
1 1 1
19 •
105
33
1 10
20
104
34 •
1 1 1
\xxiv. 1-2* .
'7'
•
1 10
a* .
iof>
36
1 1 1
3
105
xxxviii.
185
»
'7'
XXXI
1 1 1
fi
106
, •
1 1 1
5
' 7 «
r -v.
1 1 1
7
106
d.
1 1 2
10.
'7'
xli. 1-27
Il6
iii.'
loft
.
1 ia
13 '-
17a
-'/ 3o» b
1 .■ 1
19 .
106
; 1
116
,-n<,
T-
r •
1 2 2
1 '.
ll6
.
173
\o ■
1 |
31
IO f >
.,.
ri6
1 ( .
104
i 13" •
1 ■•!
.
106
■
"7
'.'
'7.',
4 1
IlO
U)S
INDEX.
PACE
PAGE
xli. 4:; . . . . i .'4
xlv. 24 b -25 . . . 13S
46"
'77
26
'37
46 b -47
"7
27"
138
48
124
27''-28.
138
49
117
xlvi. 1
138
50-54"
125
2-5 •
138
54 b ■
121
6-27 .
177
55-56 nb
"5
28-34 •
138
56 c
117
xlvii. i-s; 11 .
I40
57
121
5 b -6" .
179
xlii. I"
121
6 b
140
i b
126
7-11 .
'79
2 .
121
12
I 4 I
3.4* •
126
13-26
117
4 b , 5*
121
27" .
140
5 b
126
27 b -28
179
6.
121
29-31
146
7 a
126
xlviii. 1-2 .
HI
7 b
127
3-7 ■
179
7 C .8
122
8-9 .
141
9 tt
126
10' 1 .
MI
9 b "25
127
io b -i4
141
26-28"
123
I5 a •
• 142
28 b .
131
I5 b -i6
142
29-35
I30
17-19.
. 142
36-37
131
20* .
142
125
20 b .
. 142
xliii. 1-7
I24
21-22
142
8-34
125
xlix. I"
. 1S0
xliv. .
13'
l b -2 7 .
'43
xlv. 1 .
I36
28-33"
180
2 -3
1 .'.'»
33 b •
146
4 •
1 .'/'
33 c •
183
5-9
i ;/>
1. in
■ '46
IO-II n
137
12-13 •
. 181
II*
• '37
14 .
. 148
12
1 36
I5-I7" •
• 147
13
137
'7 1 ' •
■ '49
14 i S
' :/»
18 .
. 148
Ifi- IS
■ 137
19-20
• '47
19
137
2I-22 b
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. 148
21 b
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23 •
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'37
THE
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