'//////////' 
 
 HE COMPOSITI®:
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 VAM' 
 
 ,l>-
 
 THK COMPOSITION 
 
 OF 
 
 THE HOOK OF GENESIS
 
 ©jcforo 
 
 HORACE HART, PRINTER TO THE UNIVERSITY
 
 THE COMPOSITION 
 
 OF THK 
 
 BOOK OF GENESIS 
 
 WITH ENGLISH TEXT AND AA ILYSIS 
 
 
 EDGAR INNES FRIPP 
 
 01 mi 
 
 Bond on 
 
 DAVID m ii 70 I R \ 
 189
 
 -}- 
 
 TO 
 
 THE REV. J. ESTLIN CARPENTER, M A 
 
 PROFK.SSOK iv MANCHESTER MEW COLLEGE, OXFi 
 I DEDK A I I- 
 \l-ll ( riONATEU 
 THESE MY FIRS! l Rl I I - "I HIS i EA( HIM. 
 
 1 1 04790
 
 PREFACE 
 
 THE aim of this book is constructive. And its 
 errors will be mainly on that side. 
 
 It is the result of the scant}- leisure of several 
 years of busy ministerial work, and therefore perhaps 
 rves the mercy of the critics. 
 
 Part of the original matter in these pages has 
 already appeared in recent articles in Dr. Bernhard 
 Stade's Zeitsc/irift fiir Alt-Testamentliche Wissen- 
 schaft. 
 
 I desire a my indebtedness to the llil>- 
 
 berl \\ ior generous assistance in the publi- 
 
 cation "t the book, and to the Rev. Canon Cheyni 
 I ).\ )., for kind suggestions. 
 
 I'.l 1 1 \ I , .1.
 
 CONTENTS 
 
 PACE 
 
 Introduction : constituent elements ok the Hook of 
 
 Genesis i 
 
 The Trophetic History Book' 23 
 
 The 'Priestly History Book' 151 
 
 Unattached 'Priestly' Stories 183 
 
 Appendix: Chaldean Flood Story 189 
 
 Index 195
 
 \ 
 
 \5HMA^ 
 
 ISRAEL AND ARABIA: Gen.xvi
 
 THE SONS OF ISRAEL: Gen. xhx. 2 17. 19 24*27.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 i. 
 
 To convey a clear idea of the Composition of the Book of 
 Genesis (r«W<m : the name given by the Greek translators to 
 the first of the sections into which they divided the Old 
 Testament), it will be desirable to enumerate briefly the 
 difft-n.-nt constituent elements of the great historico-legislative 
 work of which it forms the openil 
 
 i. In the reign of Jeroboam II (c. 786-746 B.C.), or 
 probably a Little earlier, at the end of the 9th, or jusl al 
 th>- b ginning of the- 8th century, there existed a recently 
 compiled history-honk, whit h, on a< < ount of its very frequenl 
 though not exclusive use, from the outset, of the divine 
 Dame Iahveh, may be called Thelahvistit History B or, for 
 short, I (or |). This was a historj of Israel from earliesi 
 riod of the wars with Hazael,- a collection 
 of legends, traditions, songs, annals, laws, etc., of various 
 date and authorship, woven into a ingle interesting and 
 Im autiful narrative, probably bj 1 member oi one of the North 
 lite prophetii schools. This book, containing many of the 
 oldest writings in the Bible, can l><- now distinctly traced, 
 with a lm|> hi re and there, in Gei I Nun 
 
 Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kin 
 
 u
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 2. About a quarter of a century or more later, there 
 existed another history-book, so similar in form and contents 
 to the above, — though different in many particulars, — as to 
 suggest its being a version of it from a different point of 
 view, which on account of its exclusive use of the divine 
 name Elohim (or occasionally El) in that portion which deals 
 with the period before Moses, may be called The Elohistic 
 History Book, or, for short, E. As this attention to the use 
 of the divine name, and other signs, indicate, this book was 
 more theological than its older parallel, and was written by a 
 North Israelite of a later and stricter school. It can be traced 
 side by side with the other, and closely interwoven with it, in 
 Genesis, Exodus, Numbers, Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and 
 Kings. 
 
 3. Rather more than a century later (650-630 b.c), these 
 two parallel histories were amalgamated, with many editorial 
 omissions, additions, and modifications, into one somewhat 
 clumsy narrative by a Judean of the early Deuteronomic 
 school, which on account of its original authors both being of 
 the schools of the Prophets, may be called The Prophetic 
 History Book, or, for short, IE (or JE). 
 
 4. Shortly afterwards, in the year 621 B.C., there was 
 published in Jerusalem by the leaders of the Deuteronomic 
 school, the early contemporaries of Jeremiah, a new version 
 of the legislative portion (the Law of Moses, comprising the 
 Decalogue and Book of the Covenant, Ex. xx-xxiv. 8) of 
 the Prophetic History Book, in an enlarged independent form 
 (Dt. v-xxvi. xxviii. xxxi. 9-13), which maybe called Deu- 
 teronomy, or, for short, D. 
 
 5. Then came the exile, and the literary activity of the 
 time was transferred from Jerusalem to Babylonia. There,
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 about 550 b.c, the Prophetic H;story Beck was edited and 
 considerably extended and modified from the Deuteronomic 
 point of view, and the new version of the Law of Moses (D), 
 itself already enlarged (D 1 D 2 ), was woven into it. This 
 Deuteronomic Edition may be called for short IED (or 
 JED). 
 
 6. Also in Babylonia, toward the end of the exile, 550-536 
 b.c, was published independently, by the school of Ezeki.l. 
 another and stricter and more ceremonial version than I) of 
 the Covenant Book in IE, known as the Book of Holiness 
 (Lev. xii-xxvi), or, for short, P ' — the beginning of the Priestly 
 as distinguished from the Prophetic and Deuteronomic 
 legislations. 
 
 7. This was followed by a re-writing, again in Babylonia, 
 and by a late follower ofEzekiel, about 500-475 B.C., of the 
 Deuteronomic Edition of the Prophetic History Book (IED), 
 from a priestly and levitical point of view, whi< h there- 
 fore may be called '/'//, Priestly History Hook, or, for short. 1' 
 an intensely theological work, and conspicuous among other 
 thing- for its adoption of E'S( < lusive use of the divine nam. 
 
 Elohim (or occasionally /:'/) in dealing with the prae-Mosak 
 
 period. This large work, whi< h 1 an easily be detai hed from 
 
 context, is preserved almost entire in Genesis, Exodus, 
 
 Numbers, 1 1 uteronomy, and foshua. 
 
 x. Then, either before Ezra and Nehemiah lefl Babylonia, 
 
 or in the interval between their arrival in [erusalem 
 
 and introdui tion of theii new legislation, 1 1 1 b. c, th 1 tly 
 
 History Book had been enlarged, nol onlj bj man) minoi 
 
 additions (P 1. Ian probably also by the amalgamation with 
 
 it of the Book Of Holiness. 
 
 9. Finally, toward the end oi the 5th century b.c, tins 
 
 ji 2
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 enlarged form of the Priestly History Book, still further ex- 
 panded (P 4 , etc.), was itself woven into the Deuteronomic 
 Edition of the Prophetic History Book by a redactor who 
 may also have added a number of independent priestly stories, 
 possibly from his own, probably from some other and recent 
 pen (R). 
 
 This huge Redaction, which may be called for short 
 IEDPR, comprising material of such various date and author- 
 ship, is, except for some smaller and mostly textual changes, 
 our present Hexateuch (17 iJjuTevxos sc. ftifiXos, the first six 
 books of the Bible), with its continuation in Judges, Samuel, 
 and Kings. 
 
 II. 
 
 The Book of Genesis, the opening section of this great 
 work, comprises (1) the beginning of the Priestly History 
 Book (P 2 ); (2) the beginning of the Prophetic History Book 
 (IEU, or rather IE, because the hand of the Deuteronomic 
 Editor, see I. 5, does not appear in Genesis) ; and (3) 
 editorial, and some independent matter, which must be 
 ascribed to the redactor of these two histories, or to a 
 follower. 
 
 1. To 77/,' Priestly History Book (P 2 ) belong Gen. ii. 4* 
 i-ii. 3. v. (om. 29). vi. 9-22. vii. 6. 11. 13—16*. 17" (om 
 ' forty days '). 18-21. 23 b . 24. viii. 1. 2 a . 3 ''-5. 13 a . 14-19 
 ix. 1 — 1 7. 28. 29. x. 1 a . 2-7. 20. 22. 31. 32. xi. 10-27. 28 b 
 31. 32. xii. 4 •'. 5. xiii. 6. 1 1 l) . i2 a . xix. 29. xvi. 1. 3 
 15— xvii. xxi. 1 ''. 2 b-5. xxiii. xxv. 7-1 i a . 12-17. *9- 2 ° 
 26 K xxvi. 34. 35. xxviii. 1-9. xxxv. 22 l, -26. xxxi. i8 b 
 xxxiii. i8 h . xxxiv. 1. 2 a . 4. 6. 8-10. 13-18. 2o-25 ac 
 27^-29. xxxv. 6". 9-13 a . 15. 27-29. xxxvi. 1. 2 a . 5 b -8
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 xxxvii. i.2 a . xli. 46 !1 . xlvi. 6. 7. xlvii. 5 ll . 6 ;1 (lxx)-i i. 27 b . 
 
 28. xlviii. 3-6. xlix. 1 a . 28 b ~33 ac . I. 12. 13. 22 b . 
 
 2. To the Prophetic History Book (IE) belong respectively 
 (a) to the Iahvistic History Book (I) ii. 4 b -c). 15-iii. 19. 
 
 21-24. iv. 1. iii. 20. iv. 2-24. xi. 1-9. iv. 25. 26 s . v. 29. 
 
 iv. 2<) •'. vi. 1-3. 5-7 ac . 8. vii. 1. 2. 3 ''-5. 7 i,c . 8 a . 16 h . 10. 
 
 [2.17 b . 22. 23 :,c . viii. 6 a . 2 b . 3 a . 6 b . 7-12. 13 b . 20-22. 
 
 IX. i8 !lC . 19-27. x. 1 b . 15-19. 8-14. 21. 25-30. xi. 28 a . 
 
 29. 30. xii. 1-4". 6-8. xiii. 2. 5. 7 a . 8-1 1 a . i2 b . 13. 18. 
 xvi. 2. 4-7. 11-14. xxv. 18. xviii. 1-13. I4 b -i6. 20-22°. 
 33*. xix. 1-13". 14-27 a . 28. 30-38. xxi. 1 ;| . 2 a . 7. xxiv. 
 1-22 a . 23 a . 24. 23 b . 25. 22 b . 26-29 "• 3 oil - 2 9 ''• 3° ''-67. 
 xxv. ix*. xxvi. 1 ac . 6-14. 16. 17. 19-33. xxi. 33. xxv. 
 2i-25 ;,( ". 26 : '. 27. 2S. xxvii. r a . 2-8 a . 9 b . 10. 14 b . 15. 17. 
 18 a . 19*. 20. 25-30 ■<■. 31.33- 34- 37-43 ac « 44 a - 45- xxviii. 
 10. 1 1 '. 13. 14. 17". 16*. 1 7 l *. I9 B . xxix. 1-23.25-28. 
 30-35. xxx. 1. 2 : "•. 3. 4 b . 5. 6 : '«. 7. 8 a . 9-13 a . i3 t- -i6. 
 17''. 1S 1 '. [9. 20 ac . 22 c . 23 . • 1 ''•'. 25. 27. 29-40 '•"■'. 41-43. 
 x.\ xi. 1. 3. 17. l8 ft . 21 b . 23*. -'7. .; r. 46*. 48*. 50". 49*. 46 b . 
 48*. xxxii. 3— 11. 1 3 '' ji !i . 13*. 22-28. 29*. 31. xx xiii. 1-1 8 ac . 
 19. sxxiv. 3. 2 b . 5. 7. 11. 12. 19. 25 ''. .'(>. 30. 31. xxxv. 5. 6 ''. 
 B. [6—19*. xxxvii. 3.4. 2 b . 12. 1.; 1 . 1 1 ''. 18*. jo 1 '. 23. 21*. 
 25-27. 28 b . 31. 32*. 33. 35 ''"''. xxxix. 1 "«'. 2-4 1 '. 5-19. 
 20"''. 21-23. *li. .» I ■ 3 I '■ I 1 - 44- I 3 ''• 1° ''■ 47- 49- 5'' ' 
 xlvii. 1 1 1. 23-25. xli. 54 b . 37. xiii. 1 ". 2. 4 ''. 5 ". 6 bc . 
 js. 7 ' . 26 28*. xliii. 1-7. xiii. 3K. xliii. 8— 13. 15 j;'. 24-34. 
 
 xliv. xlv. 1. 4, 12. 1 |. 15. 22. ii). 10. 21 ''. 2 1 ■'. 26, 27 ' 
 xlvi. 1 ,|. xlvii. i-5 ; '. (t h (i.xx). 27". xlviii. 1. : 
 
 10". X. (>. io 1 ' i.'. 15*. 20 1 '. xlix. 1 ''. 2 17. [9—24*. .'7- 
 xlvii. 29—31. xlix. 33 *, 1. 1 - 1 1 . 1 4. is. 1 7 l'. 2 1 . 22 •'. 
 (/■) to /A Elohistii History Book (E) xx. 1-17. xxi.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 22-3,1 a . xxi. 6. 8-21. xxii. 1-13. 19. xxv. 25 b . 29-34. 
 xxvii. 1 h . 8 b . 9 a . II-I4 a . 16. 18 b. 19 a . 21. 22 a . 24. 22 b . 
 2 3- 3° b - 3 2 - 35- 36- 43 b - 44 b - xxviii. 1 1 b, 12. 16 a . 17°. 
 18. 20-22. xxx. 2 b . 6 b. 8 b. 13 b. 17 a, jga. 20 b. 22 b . 23 b 
 26. 28.40b. xxxi. 2. 4-9. n. 13-16. 19. 20 11 . 2I ac . 22. 
 23 a . 25 «b. 24. 25 a . 26. 28-30. 32-45. 51-54. 47 b. 55. 
 xxxii. 1. 2. 21 b. 29 a . 30. xxxiii. 20. xxxv. 1-4. 7. xxxvii. 
 5 a . 6-8 a . 9. io''. 11. 13 b . 14 a. 17 b, x 8 a. j 9- 20 " c . 21 a . 
 12. 24. 28 ac . 29. 30. 32 a . 34. 36. xxxix. 4''. xl. 2. 3 ". 4. 
 5 a . 6-15 a . 16-23. xli. 1-27. 29. 30. 28. 32-34°. 35-40. 
 42. 43 a - 45- 48- 50-54 a - 55- 56 b'. xlii. 1 b g b. 3. 4 a. ? a. 
 9". 7 1 '. 9 ''-25. 29-35. 28 b. 36. 37. xlv. 2. 3. 5-9. 11. 13. 
 16-18. 20. 2 1 c . 24''. 25. 27 a . xlvi. 2-4. xlviii. 20 a . 15 ''. 
 16. 21. 22. I. 15-17 a . 19. 20. 24-26; and 
 
 (c) to the Compiler of IE (see I. 3), or perhaps in some 
 cases, to an editor of I before its amalgamation with E, 
 ii. 10-14. v >- 4- x 'i- 9— xiii. 1. 3. 4. 7 lj . 14-17. xv (in 
 part), xvi. 8-10. xviii. 14°. 17-19. 23-33**. xix. 13b. 27b. 
 xx. 18. xxi. 31 b, 32. 34. xxii. 14-18. 20-24. xxv. 1-6. 
 xxvi. 1 b 2-5. 15. 18. xxviii. 13 b . 14. 15. xxxi. 10. 12. 
 20 b . 47 a . 49 a . 50 b. xxxii. 12. 32. xxxvii. 5 b. 8 b . 10 a . 
 I 5 -I 7 a - xxx i- x - r ''• 20 ''. xl. 1. 3 b. 5I1, 15b. xliii. 23b, 
 xlvi. 1 b g, xlviii. 13. 14. 17-19. xlix. 18. 24 b -26, and 
 other glosses which will be noted in the analysis. 
 
 3. And to the Redactor who wove P 2 (P 3 P 4 ) into IE(D), 
 belong vii. 3 a . 7 •'. 8 ''. 9. ix. 18 b . x. 24. xv (in part). 
 xxxvii. 46. xxviii. 19 b. xxix. 24. 29. xxx. 4 a . 21. 22 a . 
 xxxiv. 27 ac . xxxv. 13b. 14. 19^-22 !1 . xxxvi. 2 b-5 a # 9-43. 
 xlii. 6 a . xliii. 14. xlv. 21 a . 23. xlvi. 8-27. xlvii. 22. 26. 
 xlviii. 7. xlix. 28 a ; the unattached stories xiv and xxxviii ; 
 and numerous glosses that will be noted in the analysis.
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 III. 
 
 There is sufficient of the Priestly and Prophetic Histories 
 in the book of Genesis to enable us fairly to determine their 
 character and date. 
 
 Firstly, there is a literary dependence between them. The 
 same thread runs through both narratives : The Creation of 
 the world and of man ; a list of antediluvians ; the Flood ; 
 a list of Noachides; the patriarchal story — Abram (Abraham) 
 and Lot ; Sarai (Sarah) and Isaac ; Hagar and Ishmael ; 
 Rebekah and Laban ; Jacob (Israel) and Esau ; Rachel, 
 Leah, and the handmaids ; the twelve sons of Israel ; and 
 Joseph. The resemblance extends to particular expressions ; 
 Flood (mabbul) ; Ark (tebah) ; ' Righteous in his generation,' 
 vii. i (I), and 'righteous in his generations,' vi. 9 (P 2 ); 'At 
 the same time 1 will come to thee again next year, and then 
 Sarah shall have a son,' xviii. 14 (I), and 'the son whom 
 
 rah shall luarat this set time next year,' xvii. 2 1 (P 8 ) J 'In 
 whose nostrils i^ tin- breath of life,' vii. 22 (I), and 'all flesh 
 wherein is the breath of life,' vi. 17 (P 8 ). 
 
 01 idly, lli' dependence ii of ifu Priestly History upon the 
 Prophi tii , inul //"t vii 1 -vi rsa. 
 
 The proper name Adam, v. 1 ff (P 9 ), is a development of 
 
 • I la-ad. mi' in ii. 4 •'— iv (I); (*f. \purr6s and 6 xt >l,JT ''">'- The 
 
 corrupt earth, vi. m (P 9 ), after the perfect work in idi. 4" 
 (1"), and tin- blameless pedigree, v. om. 29 (P 9 ), implies 
 a knowledge ol [ahveh's displeasure, and the grounds of it, in 
 
 ii. 4 l '-iv. vi. 1-6. xi. 1-9 (I). The ten-membered list in v. 
 om. 20 (I 1 in id- up ol the jeven-membered li^i in iv. 
 
 1 <p 14 (I) and a e< ond list of whi< h iv. 25 1. v. 29 (I) are 
 fiagments. CI. v. 31 ('all the days of Lamech wire 777
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 years') with iv. 23 (Lemech, the seventh on the list, shall 
 avenge himself seventy-seven fold). And in xix. 29 (P 2 ) the 
 Prophetic account of the destruction of Sodom and Gomorrah 
 is expressly assumed. 
 
 Moreover, the Priestly stories of the Creation and Flood 
 are not only obviously further removed from the age of myth 
 and marvel than the Iahvistic, but look as if they were written 
 to supersede them. In Gen. ii. 4 b -iv. x. 1-9 (I) man is 
 bewildered by the mystery of things (the lower animals, sex, 
 marriage, childbirth, toil in the fields and danger from the 
 snake, knowledge, art, progress, great cities) which are taken 
 as a matter of course in i-ii. 4 a (P 2 ) (' male and female 
 created he them,' i. 27 ; 'have dominion over the fish of the 
 sea, and over the fowl of the air, and over every living thing 
 that creepeth on the earth, i. 28). In the former, child- 
 bearing, labour, knowledge, civilisation are a curse ; whereas 
 in the latter they are a blessing (' Elohim blessed man and 
 said, Be fruitful and multiply and replenish the earth and 
 subdue it,' i. 28). In the former it is robbery for man to 
 strive to be like God (iii. 5. 22-24. x '- 6-9), whereas in the 
 latter it is his natural duty and privilege (' And Elohim created 
 man in his own image, in the image of Elohim created he him,' 
 i. 27). Such contrast is not accidental; it is intentional. 
 
 Similarly, if in a less degree, the Deluge of the Priestly 
 Book, caused by the inpouring of the waters from above and 
 beneath the firmament, covering the highest mountains, and 
 lasting for a whole solar year, is calculated to supersede the 
 rain-fiood of sixty-eight days which covered the face of the 
 country. 
 
 One other mark of the priority of the Iahvistic Book 
 is the fragmentary nature of its material. The stones of
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 the creation, of Cain and Abel, of the intercourse of gods 
 and men (vi. 1-3, which looks like a second story of the Fall), 
 of the Flood, of Noah's curse on Canaan, and of the distri- 
 bution of mankind over the earth (x. 8-19. 21. 25-30, 
 parallel to xi. 1-9; cf. x. 8-12 with xi. 9) are each more or 
 less complete in themselves, easily separable, and no doubt 
 originally independent. A closer connection certainly exists 
 among its patriarchal stories, but they are full of local 
 colouring, and not always of one spirit. For instance, xviii. 
 1-13. I4 b -i6. 20-22. 33 h . xix. 1 — 1 3 a . 14-27 a . 28. 30-38 
 is on a lower level than xxiv ; and Jacob's Blessing, xlix. 
 2-17. 19-24". 27, with its praise of Judah, is older than 
 the Joseph legends. On the other hand, the Priestly History 
 Book, though here and there it assumes acquaintance with 
 the other History, is a continuous narrative, of one colour 
 and one spirit, marked carefully at each step by a chronology 
 that points to some event in the future. 
 
 IV. 
 
 Further study of the Priestly History Book in Exodus 
 would show thai event to I"- the introduction by Moses ol 
 tip- Levitical legislation. In Genesis we can see that the 
 writer is not interested in men, bul in religious institutions. 
 There is not a touch of the dramatit spirit in anything he 
 
 of the patriarchs; they are all the s ime 1 olourless I" 
 which differ only in the number of fheir years and their 
 
 children. lint while he | over their history with almo t 
 
 indecenl ha te, he dwells al length on the in titution ol the 
 
 Sal. bad 1 and the Solar Year, on th< I tianl with Noah, on 
 ( 'in umi Mid g( nealog) ol the 1 hosen pi • 
 their dealings in trad.- and mari iage with the ir< umi ised,
 
 io INTRODUCTION. 
 
 and on the prae-Mosaic use of the divine name. As we 
 have seen, his religion is spiritual (i-ii. 4 a ), but it is cold ; and 
 his sympathies are narrow, as we should expect in a people 
 after long and proud isolation among hated and superstitious 
 heathen. His slate of mind is a product of the Exile. 
 
 It is quite otherwise in the case of the Prophetic History 
 Book. The writers of the Elohistic and Iahvistic histories are 
 both keenly interested in men, in places, in homely customs, 
 in Nature, and in religion just so far as it sanctifies and heightens 
 the beauty of these things. Character is drawn with a skill 
 worthy of Homer. Age and genealogy here are nothing to 
 individuality. The patriarchs are living men. Abraham is 
 a mighty figure in the distance, a man of action, brave ad- 
 venturer, enthusiast in faith, severe and simple in life, great 
 and mysterious like the desert he wanders over, — a fitting 
 personality to loom in the background of Israelite history. 
 But Isaac is different. He is a contemplative, stay-at-home 
 man, who loves to be with his flocks and herds, or alone 
 with his own thoughts and grief at eventide (xxiv. 63), — calm 
 and equable. Again, Jacob is different from either, — far 
 from equable, an up-and-down sort of man, made of good 
 and evil, leading a busy life among men, with temptation, sin, 
 and regret, — a stubborn, worldly-wise heart brought under 
 nobler influences and changed to humility and tenderness. 
 Similarly with Joseph— -the young dreamer and man of genius, 
 the faithful slave and upright statesman, honourable alike in 
 misfortune and success. They, and the women also, — the 
 jealous Sarai, and Hagar who despises her childless mistress, 
 Rebekah at the well, the beautiful Rachel, and the weak-eyed 
 Leah, — and their work and their homes, and the scene they 
 move over, are drawn from life. The shepherd fording a
 
 INTRODUCTION. n 
 
 stream, fighting for a well, rolling the stone from a well's 
 mouth, and showing off his strength before the maid he loves, 
 watering the troughs, taking a ram from a thicket, playing 
 tricks on his master, feasting and drinking with harp and 
 pipe, keeping watch through heat and frost, companion of 
 the sun and moon and the eleven stars ; and the hunter with 
 his bow and arrows, seeking lion or wolf, or returning home 
 with venison on his back ; and the farmer busy with his vines 
 and fig-trees, cutting up wood for the fire, gathering sheaves 
 in harvest, driving his wagon to the threshing floor, lading 
 his ass with sacks of corn, or in drought returning sadly with 
 his cattle from the- empty pit through fields scorched by the 
 East wind ; the old father at home whose word is law, and 
 whose blessing is a birthright; his son's lentil-pottage, best 
 clothes, and long-sleeved cloak ; his wife's cakes and savoury 
 dishes, and love-apples; his daughter's pitcher, bracelets, 
 no- and virgin's veil; his favourite wife or son and con- 
 
 sequent family jealousies and troubles; his impulsive grief — 
 like hi ings and hospitalities ; his divining-cup and his 
 
 household his dread of Sheol, and the family grave; 
 
 die men hants bearing spicery and halm and myrrh on their 
 camels; and i riminals left hanging on the gallows, a prey to 
 wild birds; are a true and vivid reflection of the life and 
 
 nery of < Md Israel. 
 
 The writer's religious ideas enable us to get an approxi- 
 mate date. In the lahvistii history Iahveh is always human 
 
 crudely so in the old* I stories: he walks in Eden to enjo) 
 the evening breeze, makes clothes for the man and his 
 wife, repents of his handiwork, shuis the door of the ark, 
 enjoys the smell ol Noah's sacrifice, sits and eats with 
 Ahram in his tent, etc. J but always in this hook he is a
 
 12 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 friendly Being, never far away, who takes loving interest in 
 
 the patriarchs and their doings. In the Elohistic history 
 
 more spiritual views are entertained of God, but here also he 
 
 is a very human Spirit who reveals himself, especially through 
 
 the medium of dreams, to all, and in divers places, — to the 
 
 slave-girl in the wilderness, the shepherd-boy among his 
 
 flocks, the prisoner in jail, as well as to Pharaoh on his 
 
 throne ; and is worshipped anywhere— by the road-side or 
 
 under a tree ; and any rough stone will serve as an altar of 
 
 sacrifice. This is the religion of Old Israel, such as we meet 
 
 with in the writings of Amos and his contemporaries. They 
 
 all speak of this free erection of altars, and Isaiah looks for 
 
 the time when the worship of Iahveh will be established in 
 
 Egypt, and his altars and pillars set up there (xix. 19). But 
 
 the reverence felt in the Prophetic History Book for favourite 
 
 shrines at Shechem, Bethel, and Beer-Sheba, precludes a later 
 
 date than the denunciation of these sanctuaries by Amos (iii. 
 
 14. iv. 1 ff. v. 5), Hosea (vi. 9; cf. iv. 10-14) an d Micah 
 
 (v. 13). With this agrees the acquaintance of these prophets 
 
 with some, at any rate, of the legends contained in the 
 
 Prophetic History Book (cf. Amos iv. 11, Isaiah i. 9, iii. 9 
 
 with Gen. xix. 24-28 ; Amos i. 1 1 with Gen. xxxii. 6 ; Hosea 
 
 xii. 4. 5. 12 with Gen. xxv. 26 a , xxxii. 24 ff., xxvii. 43, 
 
 xxix. 18 ff). 
 
 V. 
 
 How far back from this date the oldest material of the 
 Prophetic History Book may reach, can only be determined 
 by an individual examination of the passages themselves. 
 
 (a) The Creation and Flood stories point to early contact 
 with Chaldea. In their original form they are very old 
 (pp. 36 ff), but can hardly have been brought into Israel
 
 INTRODUCTION. 13 
 
 and retold in monotheistic form before the extension of 
 the Israelite boundary through the victories of David and 
 the commerce of Solomon. Later they were amalgamated 
 by the Iahvistic writer, and with Hebrew and perhaps some 
 Canaanite elements added, placed at the head of his history. 
 
 (6) The Sword-Song of Lamech (iv. 23 b . 24), and Noah's 
 curse on Canaan (ix. 25-27) are both primitive Hebrew 
 poems ; but only the second gives any indication of its date 
 (see Map 1). ' Iahveh ' as the god of Shem seems to 
 identify the first-named and eldest son with lahveh's people 
 Israel ; whereas the general name ' Elohim ' (put into the 
 mouth of the Serpent, iii. 1, and of sinful ancestors, iii. 3. 
 iv. 1. 2,-), not the national 'Iahveh' (first on the lips of 
 the pious, iv. 26. v. 29), in connection with the younger 
 son (admitted by favour to Shem's tents), points to a 
 
 utile neighbour like Philistia as die tribe of Japheth. The 
 Canaanites were not thoroughly subdued until Solomon, 
 1 KgS. ix. 20. 21. 2 Sam. xxi. 1-14. Jos. ix ; but the 
 verses rather express triumphant expectation than accom- 
 plished fait, and probably dale from a period before the 
 Philistine wars of Saul, of temporary alliance and friendship 
 between Israel and Philistia pending Canaan's subjection at 
 die hands ol both. 
 
 (c) Similar indications of date are furnished by the 
 rchal legends of d) Abram and Lot, (2) Sarai and 
 Hagar, (.;) Jacob and Esau, (4) Jacob and Laban, and 
 (5) Joseph and his brethren. 
 
 1. Til- I' g< nd "I Abram and Lot ixiii. 2. ,->• 7-1 1 •''. 12 '•. 
 
 18. xviii. 1— 13. 1 ( ''-16. 20-22 \ .;.; •'. \ix. 1 ■.','■ '4--'7'"- 
 
 a 8) (see Map 2) culminates in the I daughtei 
 
 (xix. 30-38): t" what period shall w< a the national
 
 i 4 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 animosity reflected here ? The relationship of the Hebrew 
 Group (Israel, Amnion, Moab, and Edom) was always 
 recognised, and Abram and Lot are here represented as 
 cousins (xi. 29. xiii. 8). On the return of Israel from the 
 pastures of Goshen, Moab and Amnion made common 
 cause with him against Canaan (the Amorite : see the 
 ancient battle-song, Num. xxi. 27-30); but later, when 
 Israel had subdued Canaan, adopted his civilisation and 
 grown strong, independent, and aggressive, jealousies and 
 deadly feuds arose between him and his wild nomad kins- 
 men on the South Jordanic boundary (see stories of Ehud, 
 Jud. iii. 12 ff; of Jephthah, Jud. xi ; and of Saul, 1 Sam. xi). 
 David after his successful Philistine wars turned his arms 
 against Moab, Ammon, and Edom, and subjugated them 
 (Num. xxiv. 17-19. 2 Sam. viii. 2. x). Edom, however, 
 revolted from Solomon (1 Kgs. xi. 14 ff), and probably 
 Moab and Ammon also, for Omri had to reconquer them. 
 The account of a successful revolt from Israel by Moab in 
 the reign of Ahaziah (2 Kgs. i. 1. 2) is preserved on the 
 Moabite stone (cf. 2 Kgs. iii. 5). Jehoram and Jehoshaphat 
 did not succeed in their attempt to regain the supremacy 
 (2 Kgs. iii. 27: Chemosh prevailed against Iahveh), and 
 Israel never reasserted his old authority (see, as late as the 
 reign of Josiah, Dt. xxiii. 3-6). We should not be far 
 wrong in ascribing the story of Lot's daughters to a period 
 soon after Moab's revolt against Ahaziah, when the contempt 
 of David's reign for the old border enemies had changed 
 into fierce hatred. 
 
 2. Nothing so definite can be said of the story of Sarai 
 (Isaac) and Hagar (Ishmael) (xvi. 2.4-7. n-14. xxv - 1 ^> 
 retold in xxi. 6. 8-21) (see Map 3). It expresses the annoy-
 
 NTRODUCTION. 
 
 IS 
 
 ance and contempt felt in Israel for the wild Arab on the 
 S.W. border — the wild ass of a fellow, slave-son, who lived 
 chiefly by plunder on the great caravan track between Egypt 
 and Palestine. Probably the active trade with Egypt and 
 Arabia (i Kgs. x. 15. 28. 29) of Solomon's reign brought 
 Israel into new and disagreeable contact with this troublesome 
 Bedouin kinsman. 
 
 3. Even more clearly the legends of Jacob and Esau 
 (xxv. 21-26 a . 27-34. xxvii. xxxiii. 1 — 1 7) (see Map 4) have 
 a basis in national sentiment. South of Amnion and Moab 
 was the ancient and much-respected tribe of Edom, Israel's 
 acknowledged elder brother, who lived a wild, hunting, 
 marauder's life in the mountainous district of Seir (' hairy,' 
 ' shaggy '), on the E. of the Arabah, and S. of the 
 h id Sea. Their capital, Selah ('rock'), an almost un- 
 approachable fortress, 'a nest among the stars' (Obad. 4), 
 was well situated for purposes of plunder above the carman 
 route between the Gulf of Elath and the Mediterranean. 
 During his life-and-death struggle with Canaan, Israel could 
 only entertain a fearful regard for tins terrible brother, who 
 'lived by his BWOrd,' in retreat ' from the earth's fat places 
 and the dew oi heaven 1 (xxvii. 39. 40); but after his sub- 
 jection and incorporation of Canaan, and repulse ol the 
 Philistine, Israel in his turn became the aggri or. David, 
 flushed with victory, chastised his envious kinsmen on the 
 S.E. (2 s.un. viii. 14. 21. 22), and compelled Edom for 
 the firsl time to 'serve his brother' (Gen. sxvii. jo; cf 
 Num. xxiv. 17-in) Bui in the following reign (1 Kgs. xi. 
 14) Edom ' shook <>ff the yoke ' (Gen. xxvii. 40). and though 
 
 verely punished occasionally (2 Kgs. xiv. 7. sa), was 
 never again subject to Israel (a Kgs. viii. 22).
 
 16 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 4. Similarly, the stories of Jacob and Laban (xxix-xxxi. 
 17. 19-55) (see Map 5), reflect an international relationship. 
 On Israel's N.E. border was Aram (Syria), a more 
 terrible neighbour than Amnion and Moab on the E., 
 or Edom on the S.E., or Ishmael on the S.W., or 
 even Philistia on the W. As early as David's reign 
 this powerful kinsman was beginning to press on Israel. 
 An alliance of Aramean cities to support Amnion, was 
 broken up by two defeats, one at the hand of Joab, who 
 thought the new foe worthy of his best steel (2 Sam. x. 
 5-12), the other by David in person, who crossed the Jordan 
 and met an increased force at a place called 'Chelam' (x. 16 ff); 
 and ' after that,' as the historian says, ' Aram feared to help 
 the sons of Amnion any more' (x. 19). However, in 
 Solomon's reign a new Aramean power was allowed to 
 gather head at Damascus, which was still further strengthened 
 by the disruption of the Davidic kingdom ; and when his aid 
 was called in by Asa against Baasha (1 Kgs. xv. 18-20) 
 Aram's supremacy was practically established. The power- 
 ful Omri, whose fame is preserved in Assyrian and Moabitc 
 inscriptions, paid him a kind of tribute (xx. 34), and Ahab, 
 if we are to believe similar records, had to supply him with 
 a contingent against the new and yet more terrible enemy in 
 the far east. Hence in the legend, Jacob's respect for his 
 father-in-law. 
 
 5. The stories of Joseph (xxxvii. 2 b -xlvi. 5. 28-xlvii. 5 a . 
 6 b . 12-27 a . 29-xlviii. 2. 8-22) (see Map 6), are the longest 
 of the patriarchal legends and the latest, and nearest the time 
 of the prophetic writers. They, no doubt, took shape in the 
 century and a half that intervened between Jeroboam I, the 
 son of Nebat, an Ephraimite, and Jeroboam II ; and, in their
 
 INTRODUCTION. i 7 
 
 present form, reflect the prosperity and pride of the latter 
 end of this period. From the time of the disruption, 
 the Northern kingdom, whose political and religious life 
 centred in Joseph and Benjamin (' Shechem, in the hill 
 country of Ephraim,' i Kgs. xii. 25, and Samaria, xvi. 
 24. xxi. 1. 18, the royal residences of Omri and Ahab ; 
 Bethel, 2 Kgs. ii. 2. 3, Jericho, ii. 4. 5, cf. 1 Kgs. xvi. 34, 
 and Gilgal, 2 Kgs. ii. 1. iv. 38, the homes of the schools of 
 Elijah and Elisha ; and the dominion of Jeroboam II extended 
 to the furthest limits of Manasseh, 2 Kgs. xiv. 28), more 
 and more overshadowed the once powerful kingdom of the 
 South, until, after the defeat of Amaziah by Joash, the Judean 
 king Uzziah became the acknowledged vassal of Jeroboam II. 
 Thus did the four chief sons of the older but ugly wife Ecah 
 (Reuben, Simeon, Levi, and Judah) bow 1 own before the 
 sons of Rachel. The outlying tribes, the sons of the hand- 
 maids (Dan and Naphtali, and Gad and Asher), and Leah's 
 fifth and sixth sons (Issachar and Zebulun) were of still less 
 importance; cf. Deut. xxxiii. 
 
 (d) For a much earlier state of affairs r< fle< U d in < Jen. xlix. 
 2-17. 19-24 ». 27 i.M.ip 7 e< pp. 1 35-1 47. Here Ephraim 
 and Benjamin, the tribes re pectively ol Samuel and Saul, 
 r.mk far below Judah, the tribe of David. The poi m o< 1 upies 
 an intermediate position between [ud. v. and Deut. xxxiii, 
 ii' arer the former than the latter, and belongs rathei I ' vid's 
 own lifetime (cf. w. 9 f) than to the more peaceful days ol 
 Solomon. 
 
 VI. 
 
 Finally, in Gen< v • nt ol the work ol the 
 
 compiler of the Prophetit History, and ol the redactor who 
 
 c
 
 i8 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 combined with it the Priestly History, to enable us to 
 determine generally their character and date. 
 
 i. That the compiler of IE was a Judean is clear from 
 xxii. 2, where he has substituted ' Moriah ' for some Ephraimite 
 name (pp. 60 f ) ; and that he was not far removed from the 
 Deuteronomists we may see in xviii. 19. 23-33 a (P- 49)» m 
 the kindred passages xiii. 16. xv (pp. 45 f). xvi. 10. xviii. 
 18. xxii. 17. 18. xxvi. 4. xxxii. 12 {cf. Deut. i. 10. x. 22. 
 xxviii. 62}, and still more plainly in xxvi. 5 (p. 77). 
 
 2. That the redactor of 1EDP was akin to the school of 
 Ezra and Nehemiah appears from the fact that while he 
 treated his Prophetic material (IED) with reverence, yet 
 where he thought it advisable to omit a parallel passage, he 
 generally showed his preference for his Priestly source (P 2 ) 
 (p. 32). He omitted the continuation of iv. 25. 26 (except 
 the fragment v. 29) in favour of v; of vi. 8 in favour of 
 14-22; of viii. 13 b in favour of 15-19 ; of viii. 22 in favour 
 of ix. 12-17 j °f x - 3° m favour of xi. 10-27; of xviii. 15 
 (change of Abram's and Sarai's names) in favour of xvii. 5. 
 15 ff; of xxi. 7 (death of Sarah) in favour of xxiii ; of xxiv. 
 61 (death of Abraham) in favour of xxv. 8-10; of xxxiv. 12 
 (the conditions of Shechem's marriage with Dinah) in favour 
 of 14-17 ; and of xlvii. 30 a (name of Jacob's burying-place, 
 cf. 1. 30) in favour of xlix. 28-32. In fact, except for two 
 omissions, one after xxv. 1 1 a (Elohim's blessing of Isaac, 
 cf. xxxv. 12. Ex. vi. 3), the other after xxxvii. 2 a (a brief 
 notice of Joseph, of which a fragment remains in xli. 46 a ), 
 he preserved the Priestly account almost entire in Genesis. 
 Further, when he added independent material of his own 
 (xxxvi. 2 b -5 a . 9-43. xlvi. 8-27) his style and expressions 
 are far more those of the Priestly than the Prophetic History
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 »9 
 
 Book (xxxvi. 32 ff, 'And A. died, and B. reigned in his 
 stead,' cf. ■ Let there be . . . and it was so . . . and 
 Elohim saw that it was good,' i, and ' A. lived and begat . . . 
 and lived after he begat,' v ; so ' These are,' xxxvi. 9-4-5. 
 xlvi. S-27, passim ; with xxxvi. 40. 43 cf. x. 5. 20. 31. xxv. 
 16; with xlvi. i,-, tf. xxxv. 26; and note 'These are the 
 generations of,' xxxvi. 9; ' possession,' xxxvi. 43; ' souls,' xlvi. 
 1 -,. 18. 22. 25-27 ; ' came out of his loins,' 26, cf. xxxv. 1 1 ). 
 For xiv. xxxviii see pp. 183 ff. 
 
 VII. 
 
 A word must be sai ! here of the Hebraic forms of the 
 proper names in the following pages. ' Chavvah,' ' Kain,' 
 ■Hebel/'Chanok,' 'Noach,' 'Cham,' ' Kenaan," Iishmael,' 
 iel,' etc., may strike an ordinary reader as 
 but after all, however familiar to us, 
 \U\; 'Enoch,' 'Noah,' ' Ham,' 'Canaan,' 
 ' Uhmael,' ' Isaac,' ' Israel,' eti .. which have come down from 
 th- 1 I and Latin vei ire not the names that w< re 
 
 ir to the Hebrews themselves, ami t<> preserve them in 
 a translation would not only be incorrect, but show a lack of 
 1! sympathy, fortius reason no apology is needed 
 for the name ' Iahveta I ol the familiar ' Iehovah.' A 
 
 1 holar 1 [ehovah ' is not a name at all, and 
 
 ken by any ancienl Hebrew. The word is .1 
 compound ol the consonants of the real name * Izkoth* and 
 notber word ' A/d<m<ri7 This conjunction is 
 1. In ancient Hebrew writing it was thought 
 uni : y to add the points (vowels) b< neath 01 above the 
 
 ind they w< re only inserted lab r wh< n 
 old Ian had died out 'I b n, foi the u rs 
 
 c 2
 
 ao INTRODUCTION. 
 
 in the synagogue, at a time when it was considered a mark 
 of reverence never to utter the holy Name, even in public 
 worship, the scribes, for the guidance of the reader, added 
 to the consonants IHVH the vowels of the word that 
 should be used in its place, ' Acdonai,' which means ' Lord,' 
 
 o 
 
 thus: IHVH. If, as sometimes happened, that word 
 ' Aedonai ' immediately preceded the divine Name, for the 
 guidance of the reader the vowels of some other word, 
 
 o 
 
 generally ' Elohim,' were added, thus : IHVH, as in Gen. xv. 
 2. 8 : Hirr tfiK. The real name, freely uttered in Old 
 Israel, honoured, loved, and fought for, was a word of two 
 syllables, ' IaHVeH ' (pronounced 'Yah-vay'; cf. the pro- 
 nunciation of ' Iago,' ' Iachimo,' etc), transliterated 'la/3« or 
 'lave by the Christian Fathers (Theodoret, Quae. 1 5 in Exod. ; 
 Kpiphanius, Adv. Haer. 20. 40; Clement Alex., Strom. 5. 6. 
 34), sometimes shortened into ' Iah ' (Ex. xv. 2 ; frequent in 
 the expression ' Hallelu-Iah '), and in that form woven into 
 the names of men : ' Eli-Iah' = ' God is Iah'; 'Isa-Iah' = 
 ' Salvation of Iah ' ; ' Ierem-Iah' = ' Iah hath founded'; 'Obad- 
 lah ' = ' Servant of Iah.' 
 
 VIII. 
 
 As the literature on the Hexateuch grows more voluminous 
 it becomes increasingly difficult for a new-comer on the field 
 of criticism to acknowledge all his obligations, but this intro- 
 duction must not close without an expression of indebtedness 
 to the following works : 
 
 J. Wellhausen : Skizzen und Vorarbeiten. Zweites Heft. Die 
 Composition des Hexateuchs. Berlin. 
 ., Prolegomena zur Geschichte Israels. Berlin. 
 
 English translation by J. Sutherland
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 21 
 
 Black, M.A., and Allan Menzies, B.D. 
 With preface by Prof. W. Robertson 
 Smith. Edinburgh. 
 F. Bleek : Einleitung in das Alte Testament. Vierte Auflage. 
 
 Bearbeitet von J. Wellhausen. Berlin. 
 A. Kuerten: Historisch-Critisch Onderzoek naar het Ontstaan 
 en de Verzameling van de Boeken des Ouden 
 Verbonds. Eerste Deel. Tweede, geheel 
 omgewerkte Uitgave. Leiden. English trans- 
 lation by Philip H. Wicksteed, M.A. Mac - 
 millan. 
 A. Dillmann : Die Genesis. Kurzgefasstesexegetisches Hand- 
 buch zum Alten Testament. Funfte Auflage. 
 Leipzig. 
 The translation in the following pages is based on the 
 English Authorised Version of 1611, but owes much to the 
 1 ird and Cambridge Revision of 1884.
 
 EXPLANATION OF THE TYPES. 
 
 In this type The Iahvistic History. 
 
 In this type The Elohistic History. 
 
 In this type the work of the Compiler of The Prophetic History. 
 
 In this type The Priestly History. 
 
 In this type the work of the Priestly Redactor.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 11 
 4 b 
 
 5 
 
 <b When Iahveh {Elohim} made earth and heavens, 
 ' no plant of the field was yet in the earth, and no herb of 
 the field had yet sprung up : for Iahveh { Elohim \ had 
 not caused it to rain upon the earth, and there was no 
 man to till the ground; c and there went up a mist 
 from the earth, and it watered the whole face of the 
 ground. 7 And Iahveh [Elohim] formed man (adam) 
 of the clay of the ground (adamah), and breathed into 
 his nostrils the breath of life, and the man became a 
 living souL "And Iahveh [Elohim] planted a garden 
 
 tward, in Eden, and there he put the man whom be 
 
 '. ' - ■■ ;'• the opening section of a large document 
 which can ily traced throughout '■ i pp. [51 AT), and which 
 
 from iti composition among post-exilian priests maj bi called the 
 'Priestly Historj B< • Introduction, pp. 3. 7 If), so does Gen. ii, 
 4 1 ' ff. begin another document which runs parallel with this ii 
 and which from its composition anion:; pn exilian prophets may be 
 called the ' Prophctii Historj Book 1 Introduction, pp. a. 7 ff. 1 a ff). 
 After i ii. 4* the readei is naturally surprised at the appearance ol 1 
 ation in ii. 4 b ff. Though thi earth baa already 
 been covered with vegetation and wood, i, ti f, and locked with living 
 birds an>l Ik-. et and creeping thing 16, and peopled 
 
 with . male and female, ^7 1, we are told in Ii. V' fl ol thi 
 
 1 an individual man, 7. "i trees, >>. and birds and bi 19 
 
 and lastly of a irogle woman, a. A lit) lination will provi that 
 
 rei iting itself, but two paralli I I 
 from diffi rent authoi - Fit tfy, the ordei ol en ation i- differ* nl in eat h 
 in i ii 4* the order is 1 Wat< r,i. a ; Land, 9 ; 3 \
 
 24 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 ii 
 9 
 
 10 
 ii 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 '4 
 
 1 6 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 had formed; 9 and out of the ground Iahveh \ Elohim) 
 made every tree to grow that is pleasant to the sight 
 and good for food, also the Tree of Life in the midst 
 of the garden, and the Tree of Knowledge of the good 
 and bad. { 10 And a river went out of Eden to water the garden ; 
 and from thence it was parted, and became four heads. ''The 
 name of the first is Pishon : that is it which compasseth the whole 
 land of Chavilah, where there is gold ; 12 and the gold of that 
 land is good ; there is bdellium and the onyx stone. 13 And the 
 name of the second river is Gichon : the same is it that compasseth 
 the whole land of Kush. "And the name of the third river is 
 Chiddekel : that is it which floweth this side of Asshur. And 
 the fourth river is Perath.| 15 And Iahveh {Elohim} took 
 the man, and put him in the garden of Eden to dress it, 
 and to keep it. 16 And Iahveh {Elohim\ commanded the 
 
 tion, II ; (4) Animals, 24 ; (5) Mankind, 26 ; in ii. 4 b ff it is (1) Land, 
 ii. 4 b ; (a) Water, 6 ; (3)0 Man, 7 ; (4) Vegetation, 8 f ; (5) Animals, 19 ; 
 (6) a Woman, 22. Secondly, there is an entire absence in ii. 4 b ff of the 
 cold formality which is characteristic of the thought and language of 
 i — ii. a"-. In i-ii. 4 a the phrase ' saw that it was good ' occurs 7 times ; 
 ' and it was so,' 6 times ; ' after its (their) kind,' 10 times ; ' and Elohim 
 blessed them ... Be fruitful and multiply,' twice, etc. There is no such 
 repetition in ii. 4 b ff. Most striking is the fact that the name ' Iahveh,' 
 which occurs not less than 30 times in Gen. ii. 4 b -iv, is not used once in 
 i-ii. 4 a , wherein, however, the name 'Elohim' occurs more than 30 
 times ! This fact will appear even more convincing when we strike out 
 'Elohim' after ' Iahveh ' in ii. 4 b -iii, where it has been interpolated by 
 the editor, who combined these two narratives (pp. 3 f. 18). The strange 
 conjunction ' Iahvch-Elohim,' which entirely ceases after iii, is found no- 
 where else except in Ex. ix. 30, in pre-exilian writings : 2 Sam. vii. 22. 25 
 is no exception, where an original ' Iahveh- Aedonai ' has been tampered 
 with from 1 Ch. xvii. Thirdly, the difference in the deity in the two pas- 
 sages is as much one of character as of name. Instead of the calm and 
 calculating Elohim of i-ii. 4°, able to realise his thought in a word — 
 ' Let there be li^ht ! and there was light,' in ii. 4'' iv we have a very 
 limited and changeable Iahveh, hard at work with the clay, and blowing 
 into the nostrils of his creature, ii. 6 f ; planting a garden, 8 ; testing his
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK 
 
 25 
 
 Iahvi3tic. 
 man. saying, ' Of every tree of the garden thou mavest 
 freely eat : 17 but of the Tree of Knowledge of the good 
 and bad thou shalt not eat of it : for in the day that thou 
 eatest thereof thou shalt surely die!' ]8 And Iahveh 
 \Elohim) said, 'It is not good that the man should be 
 alone; I will make him an help fit for him.' 19 And 
 out of the ground Iahveh {Eiohim} formed every beast 
 of the fyeld and every fowl of the heavens ; and brought 
 them unto the man to see what he would call them : and 
 whatsoever the man called every {living} creature, that 
 was the name thereof. i0 And the man gave names to all 
 cattle, and to the fowl of the heavens, and to every beast 
 of the field ; but for himself he did not find a help fit for 
 him. - So Iahveh ] Elokim] caused a deep sleep to fall 
 upon the man { and he slept | ; and he took one of his ribs, 
 and filled up with flesh the place thereof; 82 and the rib 
 
 11 
 
 '7 
 
 IN 
 
 '9 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 animals one after another to find n Suitable companion for the man, 
 19 t. and hitting at last on the idea "i a woman made of the man's rib, 
 21 f; walking in the garden himself to enjoy the evening cool, iii. 8 ; 
 talking (ace to face with bit creatures, and inflicting the crawling 
 
 posture on the snake, travail on the woman, and toil on the man, i.i 19; 
 making the man and his wife clothes of A ins, 31 ; jealous, jj ; wrathful, 
 14. 24, and capricious, iv. 4 f. Fourthly, if the continuation of i ii 4" 
 is not t., be ought in ii, 4 1, iv, yef is if to b< found in v, which not 
 only 1 ■ ablj parallel to and nol 1 01 
 
 linuous of thai in iv. [6 in both: Adam,Sheth, 
 
 1 1 hanok, and I emech . but in rv. 1 I refers directly back to 
 
 i. 20 18. Ob thi repetition oi the phrase 'lived and \ 
 
 and lived after he begat, and died ' not le 1 than 8 times, and thi 1 
 the name ' Llobim,' 1. 33. 34 1 i ii. 4* throughout ;' likeni ,' 1 
 as in i. 26 ; ' male and female,' -'. as in i. 27 ; ' bles • d,' ••. as in i. 11. 
 28. ii. 3; 'create,' i 1, as in i. I. II. -'7. ii, .', 4; and ' imag .' .',. 
 
 : v. 39 is not from the same hand 1 t of thi chapter: Dots 
 
 'Iahveh,' and the refei 1 m 17; and the play upon the nun' 
 
 ■ Noach,' as in ii. 7, 'a m.in, adam, oi the ground, adamah'j 2,',; iii
 
 26 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 u 
 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 25 
 
 iii 
 
 1 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 which Iahveh [Elohi?n\ had taken from the man, made 
 he a woman ; and he brought her unto the man. 23 And 
 the man said, 'This now is bone of my bones, and flesh 
 of my flesh : she shall be called Woman (aishah), because 
 she was taken out of Man (aish).' 24 Therefore shall a 
 man leave his father and his mother, and shall cleave 
 unto his wife, and they shall be one flesh. 26 And they 
 were both naked, the man and his wife, and were not 
 ashamed. 'And the serpent was more subtil than any 
 beast of the field which Iahveh {Elohim} had made; 
 and it said unto the woman, ' Hath Elohim really said, 
 Ye shall not eat of every tree of the garden ?' 2 And the 
 woman said unto the serpent, ' Of the fruit of the trees of 
 the garden we may eat: 3 but of the fruit of the Tree 
 which is in the midst of the garden, Elohim hath said, Ye 
 shall not eat of it, neither shall ye touch it, lest ye die.' 
 4 And the serpent said unto the woman, ' Ye shall not 
 surely die : 5 for Elohim doth know that in the day ye 
 
 20; iv. 1. 25). Fifthly, an examination of the succeeding chapters 
 vi-ix reveals a similar duality of authorship. After Noach has been 
 commanded to make an ark, vi. 14-21, and has done what was com- 
 manded him, 22, in vii. 1-4 he receives a second command, similar to, 
 but also somewhat different from the other, cf. vii. 2 with vi. 19, which 
 also he carries out, vii. 5. Again, after being told in vii. 1-12 that 
 Xoach and his family and the animals went into the ark, and that 
 7 days after, the flood came and continued 40 days, it is startling to 
 hear in 13-16" that 'in the self-same day' Noach and his family and 
 the animals once more entered the ark ! This is not due to a clumsy 
 repetition in the same narrative, but to the interweaving of two parallel 
 and independent accounts, the one in continuation of i ii. 4". v, the 
 other of ii. 4 b -iv. v. 29. The First is easily traced in vi. 9-22 (note 
 ' Elohim,' 9. 11. 12. 13. 22 ; ' these are the generations of,' 9, as in v. 
 1. ii. 4" ; 'walked with E.,' 9, as in v. 22. 24; 'and E. saw and behold 
 it was,' 12, cf. i. 31 ; ' male and female,' 19, as in v. 2 ; ' after its (their) 
 kind,' 20, as in i. 25, etc. ; ' it shall be for food,' 21, as in i. 29 f) vii. 6
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 37 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 eat thereof, then your eyes shall be opened, and ye 
 shall be as gods knowing the good and bad.' 6 And 
 when the woman saw that the Tree was good for food, 
 and that it was pleasant to the eyes, and that the Tree 
 was to be desired to make one wise, she took of the 
 fruit thereof and did eat; and she gave also unto her 
 husband with her, and he did eat. 7 And the eyes of 
 them both were opened, and they knew that they were 
 naked, and they sewed fig leaves together, and made 
 themselves aprons. 8 And they heard the sound of 
 Iahveh {Elohim\ walking in the garden in the cool of 
 the evening : and the man and his wife hid themselves 
 from the presence of Iahveh [Elohim] amongst the trees 
 of the garden. ,J And Iahveh \Elohim\ called unto the 
 man, and said unto him, 'Where art thou?' "And 
 he said, 'I heard the sound of thee in the garden, and 
 I was afraid, because I was naked, and 1 hid myself.' 
 "And lie said, 'Who told thee that thou wast naked? 
 
 Hast thou eaten <>f tin- Tree, whereof I commanded 
 thee that thou shouldest not eat?' 'And the man said. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 1 
 
 -''six hundred,' cf. v. 7,.') 11 cf.6; 'deep,' i. -■. 7) 13 16" (cf. vi. 18 
 20; 'nit<;r its theii kind,' 'cattle, 1 'fowl,' 'creeping thing,' 'two and 
 two'; • tel to 11 ; ' male and fi male,' .1- in v. 1, etc.; 
 
 'all flesh,' as in \i. 1 j. 13, 17. 19; 'Elohim, 1 r6" 18 ai 'cubits,' ao, 
 as in vi. 15 f; * all-flesh,' ai, as in 15 1 ; ' iwarm,' - 1, as in i. jo) 
 f ' w.V' in 18. \<> viii. 1. i*('Elohim'; 'thai were with 
 
 him in the ark,' cf. vii. 23 ; ' fountains oi the di ep and the « indow - oi 
 tli- 1 • ,11.11 ;'■ ■ one hundred and fifty,' as in vi 
 
 f. vii. 11 ; ' mountains, ' as in vii. 19 i < .:' cf. 4! 1 1 19 (with 
 13*. 1 1 ; ■ l lohim,' 15 ; with 16. 18. cf. vi 1- 1 ; with 17. 19 1 1 
 ril 11 ; ' be fruitful and multiply,' as in i. a 1 ! , El Mm,' 
 l. 6. 8. 1 a. !'•. 17 ; * l)l< ised, 1 1, as In v. a, etc. ; ' be fruitful and mul- 
 tiply,' 1. r, as in viii, 17, etc.; with 1 cf. i. 16. 18 ; 'foi f I.' .',. as in 
 
 vi. ai, etc. ; ' ■ • nant,' 9. 11. 17, ai in \ 1. [8; ' all fli h 
 
 11. 15. 17, as in viii. 17, etc. j 'renw mber, [5 f, ai In viii. 1 j
 
 38 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 111 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 '9 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 ' The woman whom thou gavest to be with me, she 
 gave me of the Tree, and I did eat.' 13 And Iahveh 
 {Elohim) said unto the woman, ' What is this that thou 
 hast done ? ' And the woman said, ' The serpent be- 
 guiled me, and I did eat.' 14 And Iahveh {Elohim) said 
 unto the serpent, ' Because thou hast done this, cursed 
 art thou among all cattle, and among all beasts of the 
 field! Upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt 
 thou eat all the days of thy life : 1B and I will put enmity 
 between thee and the woman, and between thy seed 
 and her seed : he shall aim at thy head, and thou shalt 
 aim at his heel.' 1G [And] unto the woman he said, ' I 
 will greatly multiply thy pain and thy bearing ; in pain 
 shalt thou bring forth children, yet thy desire shall be 
 for thy husband, and he shall rule over thee.' 17 And 
 unto [the] man he said, ' Because thou hast hearkened 
 unto the voice of thy wife, and hast eaten of the Tree, 
 of which I commanded thee saying, Thou shalt not eat 
 of it ! cursed is the ground for thy sake ; in pain shalt 
 thou eat of it all the days of thy life ; 18 thorns also, 
 and thistles shall it bring forth to thee ; and thou shalt 
 eat the herb of the field, 19 in the sweat of thy face shalt 
 thou eat bread ; till thou return unto the ground, for 
 
 11. 1 5. as in vi. 13. 17; ■ in the image of Elohim made he man,' 6, as 
 in i. 26 f. v. 1) 28 f (cf. v, and the years of Noach's life, 500+ 100 + 
 350 = 950, as in v. 32. vii. II. ix. 28 f). The Second can be as readily 
 detected in vi. 1-8 (note ' Iahveh,' 3. 5. 6. 7. 8 ; 'face of the ground,' 
 1. 7, as in iv. 14 ; and with 8 cf. v. 29) vii. 1-5 (' Iahveh,' 1.5;' blot 
 out,' 4, as in vi. 7 ; 'face of the ground,' 4, as in vi. 1.7) :o (cf. 4) 7"° 
 (' waters of the flood,' as in 10) 8" ('clean and not clean,' as in 2) l6 b 
 " Iahveh') 12 (cf. 4) I7 b . 23* ('blotted out' and 'face of the ground,' 
 as in 4) 22 ('cf. ii. 7; 17* (cf. 4. 12 viii. 2 b ('rain,' as in vii. 4. 12) 
 3" (which anticipates 3''; 6-12 (' forty,' as in vii. 4. 12, 17 ; and ' seven,' 
 10. 1 2, as in vii. 4. 10 ; ' face of the ground,' 8, as in vii. 23, etc. ; ' face
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 33 
 
 I ah vi stic. 
 on the face of the whole earth.' 5 And Iahveh came 
 down to see the town and the tower which the sons of 
 men builded. 6 And Iahveh said, 'Behold, they be one 
 people, and have all one tongue, and this is what they 
 begin to do : and now nothing will be withholden 
 from them which they have in mind to do. 7 Go to, let 
 us go down, and there confound their language, that 
 they may not understand one another's speech.' "And 
 Iahveh [confounded their language,] {scattered them abroad 
 from thence upon the face of all the earth • SO that they left 
 off building the town [and tower]. "Wherefore was the 
 name of it called ' Babel,' because Iahveh did there 
 confound (balel) the language of all the earth. And 
 from thence did Iahveh scatter them abroad upon tin- 
 face of all the earth. 
 
 \nd [the] man knew his wife again ; and she bare a 
 
 .and . ailed his name 'Sheth,' 'for,'[ sh<- said. | 'Elohim 
 
 hath appointed (shath) me another Beed in Heb< 
 
 I, for Kain hath killed him.' Mtt And to Shi th, to 
 
 him also there was bora a bod ; and he i ailed his nam< 
 
 ******** 
 ******** 
 
 pp. 151 ff, and confining our attention to the [ahvistic passages, Gen. ii. 
 
 vi. 1 8. vii. 1 ;. - f. 10. ii. 16 6 1. -■-■ I. \iii. ?,". 6 1. 
 
 20 11. i* that they com] ■• d< ral nan 
 
 dngnished from its statelier parallel no< only by it, almost uniform 
 ■ Iahveh, 1 but by il e richi 1 olonrin 
 
 pilcity of its thou 
 though this 1 1 el .1 iingl< n pi u to be 
 
 easily flctni bed fi closer 1 lamination will 
 
 show thai . illy nil fr..ni one hand. 'I b< 
 
 ii. 10— 14 interrupt d vi. 4 is b imilar interpolation. 
 
 Far mote im] 1 in and Hebel, h -• ■ 3 l ''"- ' l 
 
 whir h. in r ontinuatioD of il | 1 
 gives a mythological account of the fit I 1 theii ac- 
 
 D
 
 34 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 v 
 
 2 9 
 
 IV 
 
 vi. i 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 [And unto Lemech was born] a son, 29 and he called 
 his name ' Noach/ saying, ' This same shall comfort us 
 (nacham) for our work, and for the toil of our hands 
 because of the ground which Iahveh hath cursed.' 
 26b Then began men to call upon the name of Iahveh. 
 
 *And it came to pass, when men began to multiply 
 on the face of the ground, and daughters were born 
 unto them, 2 that the sons of the gods saw the daughters 
 of men that they were fair ; and they took them wives 
 of all that they chose. 3 And Iahveh said, ' My spirit 
 shall not abide for eVer in man {in their straying they art- 
 flesh}, and his days shall be but an hundred and twenty 
 years.' { 4 The giants were in the earth in those days ; and also 
 after that, when the sons of the gods came in unto the daughters of 
 men, and they bare children to them, the same were the mighty 
 men which were of old, the men of renown.} 5 And Iahveh 
 saw that the wickedness of man was great on the earth, 
 and that every imagination of the thoughts of his heart 
 was only evil continually. r, And Iahveh repented that 
 
 companying evils, of human society. Knowledge, iii. 6, is the loss of 
 innocence, 7, whence clothing, 7. 21, marriage, 16, childbirth, 16, and 
 industry, 17: — (1) agriculture, 18 f. iv. 2 1 '; (2) dwellings, i6 b f; 
 (3) cattle-breeding, 20; (4) music, 21; (5) arts and crafts, 22; and 
 then warfare, 23. Strife therefore, comes too soon in iv. 8, and Ilebel 
 the shepherd, 2 a , anticipates labal, 20, the founder of the pasture farm. 
 Nor is Kain in l6 b . 17 the nomad fugitive we should expect after 11. 
 14, but the honoured father of the homestead, and forefather, 20-22, of 
 the peaceful arts. Note also the dependence of 7 on iii. 16 ; 1 1 f on 
 iii. 17 f ; and 15 on 24. 
 
 Again, the story in Gen. ii. 4 b -iii. iv. 1. 2 b . i6 b -24, of the creation of 
 the world, and the growth of civilisation, with its list of old-world 
 heroes, ill fits in with the story of an all-destroying flood in vi. 5-8. vii. 
 1-5. 7 f . 10. 12. i6 b . i7 b . 22 f. viii. 3 a . 6-12. 13''. 20-22; and its con- 
 tinuation must not be sought in iv. 25 f. v. 29, which are remnants of a 
 second and pious genealogical tree from Adam to Noach through Sheth 
 instead of the murderer Kain, iv. 2\ 13-16*, parallel to the list pre-
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 35 
 
 Iahvistie. 
 he had made man on the earth, and it grieved him 
 at his heart. 7 And Iahveh said, 'I will blot out 
 man \ whom I have created) from the face of the ground 
 
 [both man and beast and creeping thing, and fowl of the heavens} 
 
 for I repent that I have made [him'] {them}. "But 
 Noach found favour in the eyes of Iahveh 
 
 'And Iahveh said 
 unto Noach, ' Come thou and all thy house into the 
 ark ; for thee have I seen righteous before me in this 
 generation. 2 Of every clean beast thou shalt take to 
 thee seven and seven, the male and his female; and 
 of beasts that are not clean two, the male and his 
 female ; s { of the fowl also of the heavens, seven and seven, male 
 and female] to keep seed alive upon the face of all the 
 earth. ''For yet seven days, and I will cause it to rain 
 upon the earth forty days and forty nights; and every 
 living creature that I have made will I blot out from off 
 the face of the ground.' 6 And Noach did according 
 unto all that Iahveh commanded him. 7 And Noach 
 
 went I and his sons, and his wife, and his sons' wives with him j 
 
 VI 
 
 Vll 
 
 1 
 
 linv; but rather in vi. 1 3, which explains the short duration ol 
 human life, and xi. 1 > h which gives the origin of brickburning in a 
 rocklcss plain. 1 re and gr< and ol diversity of tongues 
 
 and d [I not suit the religious character <>f the Priestlj 
 
 t.> be concerned with the family tree <>f Kain, Adam's 
 fratricide son; an<l it ^i\<-> only the cond branch through Sheth, v, 
 from which we may gather that its original parallel Iv. -j.s. 26 . . . v. ji> 
 . . . must have been dependent on iv. 16* : t : — 
 
 \ , Adam, Shetb, 1 no ! '. Kenan M thalalel, (ered, Chanok, 
 Methn elai i>, l 1 tnech, Sosu a. 
 iv. 25 f. v. 29, Adam, Sheth, 1 * * * * 
 
 I 1 in- 1 ii. Noach. 
 iv. 16' hi, Kain. I lhanol . I ir.nl. Mi 1 buiael 
 
 M- thushael, Lemech. 
 The order of the nam - In » and iv. r6* 14 Is lightly different ; bnl 
 
 i) 2
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 vii 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 22 
 
 23 a 
 
 Vlll 
 
 6* 
 2 b 
 
 3 a 
 
 6* 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 into the ark because of the waters of the flood, [with 
 all his house and] "beasts that are clean and beasts that 
 are not clean {and of fowls, and of everything that creepeth 
 upon the ground, * there went in two and two unto Noaeh into the 
 ark, male and female, as Elohim commanded Noach) ; 1Gb and 
 Iahveh shut him in. lu And it came to pass after the 
 seven days that the waters of the flood came upon the 
 earth; '-and the rain continued upon the earth forty 
 days and forty nights; 17b and the waters increased, 
 and bare up the ark, and it was lift up above the earth. 
 "And all in whose nostrils was the breath of {the spirit 
 of) life, all that was in the dry land, died; 23a and 
 [Iahveh] blotted out every living thing which was upon 
 the face of the ground {both man, and cattle, and creeping 
 tiling, and fowl of the heavens ; and they were blotted out from. 
 
 the earth \ . 6a And it came to pass at the end of the 
 forty days 2b that the rain from the heavens was restrained, 
 "'and the waters returned from off the earth continually. 
 fib And Noach opened the window which he had made 
 in the ark, 7 and sent forth a raven, which went forth to 
 
 their number is the same; Adam, Chanok, and Lemech are identical ; 
 Kenan is only a slight variation of Kain ; Mahalalel of Mechuiael ; 
 Iered of Iirad ; and Methuselach of Methushael. 
 
 mena seem to be best explained by supposing that the 
 Iahvistic author had before him Hebrew versions of two ancient and 
 independent Chaldean myths, one of the creation and growth of 
 humanity, the other of the world's destruction, which he largely rewrote 
 'ef. vi. 5 7 with iii. 22-24 ; vu - 22 w ' tn >'• 7 i viiL 21 with iii. 8 ff. 22 f. 
 vi. 3. xi. 5 ff ; and note ' rain,' ii. 5. vii. 4 ; ' face of the ground,' ii. 6. 
 9. 19 ff. iii. 17. [9. iv. 14. vi. 7. vii. 4. 23. viii. 8; 'make,' ii. 4 b . 18. 
 vi. 6 f and wove into a single narrative by means of a purely Hebrew 
 story of Kain and Ilebel, iv. 2". 3 16", and a second and pious list of 
 Noach's ancestors, iv. 25 f . . . v. 29 . . ., made up from the list in iv. 
 - \ ; and concluded with another purely Hebrew story of Noach's 
 sons, ix. 20-27 — itself based probably on the ancient verses 25-27.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 37 
 
 Vlll 
 
 10 
 
 ii 
 
 , 3 b 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 and fro until the waters were dried up from off the 
 earth. 8 [And Noach stayed seven days] and sent forth 
 a dove from him, to see if the waters were abated from 
 off the face of the ground ; 9 but the dove found no rest 
 for the sole of her foot, and she returned to him unto 
 the ark, for the waters were on the face of the whole 
 earth; and he put forth his hand and took her, and 
 brought her in unto him into the ark. 10 And he stayed 
 yet another seven days, and again he sent forth the 
 dove out of the ark ; n and the dove came in to him in 
 the evening," and lo, in her beak was a fresh-plucked 
 olive leaf: and Noach knew that the waters were abated 
 from off the earth. 12 And he staved yet another seven 
 days, and sent forth the dove ; but she returned unto 
 him again no more. 13b And Noach opened the roof 
 of the ark, and looked out, and behold the face of the 
 ground was dry. * * * 
 
 A version of one of these Chaldean originals has been discovered at 
 
 Nineveh, of which, for the sake of comparison, a translation is i;i\in 
 
 on pp. 1 s <j ff. The gods resolve to destroy sinful men ; but to pn 
 seed alive in the earth, command one Hosis-adra (or Adra-hasis) to 
 make an ark of a certain rize, pitch ii io ide and out, and gather into ii 
 ind grain and food and wine. I la ii adi 0, and 
 
 the delugi drowning the world and even frightening the gods in 
 
 1 Aft< the Ho 1, and Hai isadra 0] 
 
 window and looks out. The lii^hi over his lace, he >ei • the 
 
 ! rating ' li in the water, and he weeps. The ark rests 
 
 on Mount Ni/.ir, and hi out a dove which returns, then t swallow 
 
 which also returns, and thru a raven which stays awaj H 
 
 forth if.iin the ark, builds an altar in the mountain, and pout oul 
 an offering. The god tmell thi weel avour, and come down 'like 
 All ' to the sacrifice. They promise thai the Flood shall not happen 
 again, and carry ofl 11 dratoh aven. 
 
 The obviou d< here, suggest*) a timilax dependence in the 
 
 case of the story of the Creation and the Fall. Thi 1 I 
 
 ii. ')) and Immortality (iii. 22,, the speaking serpent iii 1), the divine
 
 38 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK, 
 
 Vlll 
 
 JO 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 ix 
 
 18 
 
 '9 
 
 20 
 2 J 
 
 22 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 2 " And Noach built an altar unto Iahvch, and he took 
 
 of every clean beast J ami of every clean fowl) and offered 
 
 a burnt offering on the altar. 21 And Iahveh smelled 
 
 the sweet savour ; and Iahveh said in his heart, ' I will 
 
 not again curse the ground any more for man's sake 
 
 for that the imagination of man's heart is evil from his 
 
 youth ; neither will I again smite any more every thing 
 
 living as I have done. 22 While the earth remaincth, 
 
 seedume and harvest, cold and heat, summer and 
 
 winter, and day and night shall not cease.' 
 
 ******* 
 
 18 And the sons of Noach, that went forth from the 
 ark, were Shem [and Cham) and Iepheth and [Cham is 
 the father of) Kenaan. u These three were the sons of 
 Noach : and of these was the whole earth overspread. 
 20 And Noach became a husbandman, and he began 
 and planted a vineyard. 21 And he drank of the wine, 
 and was drunken, and lay uncovered within his tent. 
 22 And { Cham the father of) Kenaan saw the nakedness of 
 his father, and he went and told his two brethren 
 
 Garden 'iii. 8 , the Cherubim frequently represented in Chaldean 
 literature as huge inan-headed, eagle-winged bulls) guarding the en- 
 trance iii. 24), the incest of the gods (vi. 1-3), the council in heaven 
 xi. 6. 7 , the city and tower of Babel (xi. 4) the centre of dispersion of 
 mankind xi. 7 , the pessimistic view of life throughout, so foreign to 
 early Hebrew thought, all point to a crude polytheism in the Plain 
 linar xi. i„ between the Tigris and the Euphrates. 
 These two stories, both therefore probably of Chaldean origin, serve 
 well as an introduction to the purely I Iebrew narratives of the patriarchs 
 Abram, Iizchak, and Iakob. Our wiiter links them by means of a ta 
 of nations descended from Noach's Palestinian sons Shem, Iepheth, am. 
 Kenaan. In ix. 25-27 no mention is made of Cham. Shem, Iepheth 
 and Kenaan are clearly brethren, of whom the youngest is cursed 
 to become the menial slave (' slave of slaves '} of the others, ix. 28 f.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 39 
 
 IX 
 
 2 A 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 without. - 3 But Shem and Iepheth took a garment, and 
 laid it on both their shoulders, and went backward, and 
 covered the nakedness of their father ; and their faces 
 were backward, that they saw not their father's nakedness. 
 ** And when Noach awoke from his wine, and knew 
 what his youngest son had done unto him, 25 he said, 
 ' Cursed be Kenaan, 
 Slave of slaves let him be to his brethren ! 
 { 26 and he said} Blessed be Iahveh, god of Shem, 
 And Kenaan be his slave ! 
 27 Elohim enlarge Iepheth, 
 That he may dwell in the tents of Shem, 
 And Kenaan be his slave ! ' 
 lb And unto them were sons born after the flood. 
 
 15 And Kenaan begat Zidon his firstborn, and Cheth, 
 
 16 and the lebusite, the Aemorite, the Girgashite, 17 the 
 Chivite, the Arkite, the Sinite, ' the Axvadite, the 
 Zemarite, and the Chemathite; and afterward were the 
 families of the Kenaanite spread abroad. '''And the 
 border of tin- Kenaanite was from Zidon, as thou goest 
 towards Gerar, unto Gaza; as thou goest towards 
 
 loin and fiamorah and Admah and Zeboiim unto 
 
 x. 1". 27. 20. 22 f. 31 f. xi. 10 -27. 31 f, which belong to the Priestlj 
 
 1 pp. [58 li , trace the cations ol the earth from 
 of Noach Shem, Cham, and iepheth. rleno in attempt 00 the pari 
 of the compilei t" harmonize these paralli I gem alogies by the addition 
 of ' and Cham,' 'and < ham is the father <>i,' in be. 18, and 'Cham, ih<- 
 father of,' in 22. The lahvi ti>- remnanl in x ' tahv< h, 1 9 ; ' i- gat,' ih\ 
 8. 13. 15. 26, cf. iv I s , not vVin as in xi. 1 1 11 ; ' pread abroad,' 1 
 ix. 19. xi. |. - •,. tead "i ' dividi has been entirely 
 
 • by this writer, whose hand is cleai in 1 1 taken from 1 1 1 
 originally there must have been more about the expn ilj mentioned 
 I . cf. 21 , and 25'' 'lor in Ins days was the earth divided' which 
 looks forward to \i. 1-9: sec below;; and perhaps may al I" 
 
 24 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 x 
 
 I>> 
 
 [6. 17 
 
 18 
 
 "J
 
 4 o PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 x 
 8 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 I ,asha. [And Iepheth begat Kush and I\Tizraiim.] 8 And 
 Kush begat Nimrod who began and became a warrior 
 in the earth. 9 He was a mighty hunter before Iahveh : 
 whence the saying, ' Like Nimrod, a mighty hunter 
 before Iahveh.' 10 And the beginning of his kingdom 
 was Babel, and Erech, and Akkad, and Kalneh, in 
 the land of Shinar: "whence went forth Asshur and 
 builded Nineveh, and Rechoboth-Ir, and Kelach, 12 and 
 Resen between Nineveh and Kelach \the same is the great 
 
 13 city}. u And Mizraiim begat the Ludim, the Anamim, 
 
 14 the Lehabim, the Naphtuchim, 14 the Pathrusim, the 
 
 Kasluchim {whence went forth the Pclishtim\ and the Kaph- 
 torirn. 21 And unto Shem, the father of all the sons of 
 Eber, the elder brother of Iepheth, to him also were 
 children born. 25 And unto Eber were born two sons : 
 the name of the one was Peleg \for in his days was the 
 
 traced in the interpolations in 1 2 (' the same is the Great City,' cf. Jon. 
 i. .'. iii. 2. iv. 11), in 14 (' whence went forth the Pelishtim,' which may 
 originally have been inserted after ' Kaphtorim,' cf. Amos ix. 7. Jer. 
 xlvii. 4 , and elsewhere. The result is so fragmentary that it is impos- 
 sible now to restore the passage. But the following should be noticed. 
 The division of mankind into peoples, and the story of the founding of 
 Babel 'S- 1 2 ; cf. 10 with xi. 2. 9 are clearly independent of, and out of 
 place before, xi. 1-9. There is no mention of Cham. Iepheth, the 
 younger brother of Shem 21) and father of children ('also,' 21), may 
 have Included Kush 8) and Mizraiim (13) among his sons. Sheba and 
 Chavilab of the children of Shem in 28 f are among the descendants of 
 Cham in 7, and the Ludim, of Mizraiim in 13, are of Shem in 22. It 
 should \>c observed moreover, that in this passage the names are of 
 peoples or places, not of persons. 
 
 Finally; in the Iahvistic passages reviewed thus far, the following 
 additional emendations have been made in the text. In ii. 19 omit 
 Tnct:, which spoils the construction; ii. 20 read DtuS: 'Adam,' as 
 a proper name, has crept into our document from the Priestly History 
 Book, v. 1 f ; ii. 21 om. very superfluous jc ,, i, which necessitates an
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 41 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 earth divided], and his brother's name was Ioktan. 
 28 And Ioktan begat Almodad, and Sheleph, and Chazar- 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 28. 29 
 
 28 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 xii 
 
 1 
 
 maveth, and Ierach, 27 and Hadoram, and Uzal, and 
 Diklah, 2< and Gebal, and Abimael, and Sheba, 29 and 
 Ophir, and Chavilah, and Iobab : all these were the 
 sons of Ioktan. 30 And their dwelling was from Mesha 
 as thou goest toward Sephar, the mountain-range of 
 the east. ******* 
 ******** 
 
 28 And Haran died in the presence of his father 
 Terach in the land of his nativity {in Ur-Kashdim}. 
 29 And Abram and Nachor took them wives : the name 
 of Abram's wife was Sarai, and the name of Nachor's 
 wife, Milkah, the daughter of Haran father of Milkah and 
 father of Iiskah. 30 And Sarai was barren : she had no 
 child. ' But Iahveh said unto Abram, ' Get thee out of 
 thy country, and from thy kindred, and from thy father's 
 house, unto the land that I will shew thee, and 1 will 
 make of thee a great nation, and will bless thee and 
 make thy name great, and thou shalt be a blessing. 
 
 awkward change of subject ; iii. tO read k Ni with i.xx. Sam.; iii. 17 read 
 oim^; iii. 21 read DIM 1 ); iv. i om. ainTN and read D'rt^H (LX> 
 Instead of mn*j iv. 8 read rnton naba vn^ with lxx. Sam, Vul^. : 
 lOH'i cannot mean iavi; xi. 8 foi 'mi--; v--v 'n 'm '' yo which 
 anticipates 9 b , and may have dipped in thence, read DnDto m-e '•:"' 
 cf. 7; and read with LXX. Sam. ^raorrnHl vrn; iv. 25 read DlMtyi 
 viii. 8 read (cf. 10. 1 2 j nb«J'i D*©' nra© n: tovij ix. id om. lOH'i; 
 x. 18 read !>3'S with 1 XX. Vulg, Sam. cf. 1 < li. i. 22. 
 
 That xii. 4''. 5. xiii. 6. ii 1 '. 1 2". svi I . 3, 1 5 f. xvii. xix. :•> beloi 
 
 the I'"' itly id tory Book, see pp. i6off. Foi riv. seepp. t8jff. The 
 uid. r ut xii xix forms 1 tolerably complete whole, bul is nol all 
 
 from the une band. The passage rii, 1 1". 6 omil the antiquarian 
 1, 'And the Ki iras then in the land,' cf. %, la. 14) 7 " '■' 
 
 M T3M"i) 8. xiii. 2. 5. 7 (omit, 'And the Kenaanite and the Perizdte
 
 4 j PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xn 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 3 And I will bless them that bless thee, and curse him 
 that curseth thee ; and in thee shall all the families 
 of the ground be blessed.' 4 And Abram went as 
 Iahveh had spoken unto him, and Lot went with him. 
 6 And Abram passed through the land unto the place of 
 Shechem, unto the oak of Moreh {And the Kenaanite was 
 then in the land } ; 7 and Iahveh appeared unto Abram, and 
 said [to him], 'Unto thy seed will I give this land.' 
 And there builded he an altar unto Iahveh, who appeared 
 unto him. 8 And he removed thence to the mountain 
 range east of Bethel, and pitched his tent with Bethel 
 to the west, and Hai to the east, and builded there an 
 altar unto Iahveh, and called on Iahveh's name. { 9 And 
 
 Abram journeyed, going on still toward the South. 10 And there 
 was a famine in the land : and Abram went down into Mizraiim 
 to sojourn there ; for the famine was sore in the land. ll And it 
 came to pass, as he drew nigh unto Mizraiim, that he said unto 
 Sarai his wife, ' Behold now, I know that thou art a fair woman 
 to look upon: 12 and it shall come to pass when the Miz- 
 raiimites shall see thee, that they shall say, This is his wife : and 
 13 ' they will kill me, and save thee alive. 13 Say, I pray thee, thou 
 
 dwelled then in the land,' cf. xii. 6) 8 f . 10 (omit, 'before Iahveh de- 
 stroyed Sedom and Gamorah,' which disconnects 'well watered every- 
 where' from ' like the garden of Iahveh,' and anticipates xix) n a . i2 h , 
 which i.^ [ahvistic note ' Iahveh,' xii. 1 . 4. 7 f. xiii. 10 ; 'curse,' xii. 3, cf. 
 in. 14. 17. iv. 11. v. 29. viii. 31. ix. 25; 'builded an altar unto Iahveh,' 
 xii. 7 f. cf. viii. 20 ; ' ri^ht hand and left,' xiii. 9, cf. xxiv. 49 ; ' garden 
 of Iahveh,' xiii. 10, cf. ii. iii ; 'as thou goest unto,' xiii. 10, cf. x. 19. 
 30) and introduced by the Iahvistic fragment xi. 28 b ~30 ('land of his 
 nativity,' cf. xxiv. 7 ; ' took them wives,' cf. xxiv. 3 f. 7. 37 f. 40 ; 
 ' Mdkah,' cf. xxiv. 15. 24. 47), is independent of and interrupted by xii. 
 9-xiii. 1. 3 f, which contains a story told of Abraham and Abimelech in 
 Elohistic passage xx (pp. 56 ff), but of Iizchak and Abimelech in 
 the Iahvistic passage xxvi. 0-u (pp. 73 ff). Note, ' a fair woman,' xii. 
 11. xxvi. 7, and implied in xx ; 'kill,' xii. 12. xx. 4. xxvi. 7; 'what is 
 this thou hast done,' xii. 18. xx. 9. xxvi. 10 ; 'she is my sister,' xii. 19. 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 11 
 
 1 j
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 43 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 art my sister : that it may be well with me for thy sake, and 
 that my soul may live because of thee.' M And it came to pass, 
 when Abram was come into Mizraiim, the Mizraiimites beheld 
 the woman that she was very fair. 15 And the princes of Pharaoh 
 saw her, and praised her to Pharaoh ; and the woman was taken 
 into Pharaoh's house. 16 And he entreated Abram well for her 
 sake, and he had sheep and oxen and he-asses and men-servants 
 and maid-servants, and she-asses and camels. l: Ami Iahveh 
 plagued Pharaoh and his house with great plagues because 
 of Sarai, Abram's wife. 18 And Pharaoh called Abram, and said, 
 ' What is this that thou hast done unto me ? why didst thou not 
 tell me that she was thy wife? "Why said>t thou, She is my 
 sister, so that I took her to be my wife ? Now therefore behold 
 thy wife, take her, and go thy way.' 20 And Pharaoh gave men 
 charge concerning him, and they brought him on his way. and his 
 wife, and all that he had. ' And Abram went up out of Mizraiim, 
 he and his wife and all that he had, and Li t with him, into the 
 South.} 2 And Abram was very rich in cattle, in silver, 
 and in gold. ('And he went on his journey from the South 
 even to Beth-el, unto the plate where his tent had been at the 
 beginning, between Beth-el and Hai, 'unto the place ol the altar 
 which he had made there at the first : and there Abram called on 
 
 the name of Iahveh} Wml Lot also, who went with Abram, 
 had flo ks, and herds, and tents. 7 And there was 
 ,i Btrifi een the herdtncn of A 1 nam's cattle and the 
 
 berdmen of Lot's cattle J And the Kenaanite and the 
 
 xx. 5. xxvi. 7. The writer of xii. 9 xiii. [. 3 f is apparently an editoi 
 who, acquainted with xx 'south,' xii. 9. xin. 3. w. 1 ; 'journeyed, 1 xii. 
 9. xx. 1 ; 'sojourn,' xii. 10. xx. 1 ; Sara] Sarah] taken to the I 
 harem, xii. 15. xx. 2; and tin- miraculous Intervention, xii. 17. >. 
 
 apply ih'- omission in the iahvistic narrative "i any 
 such incident in thi oi ./ ram : observe that xiii. 3 i returns to the 
 
 situation ol mi. 8, and Lot, xii. 4, who dors not appeal m \n. n jo, is 
 
 only introduced in xiii. 1 to prepare foi thi reparation at Bethel, 7 ff. 
 
 Again, xiii. 14 17 has !■< mi Interpolated : the continuation >>i 1 3 
 
 the sin mm oi [4, but the CT3H "jnn^ of 18; 14 I :■ It d by 10, 
 
 and 15-17 merely enlaige upon the promise oi xii. i ;,. 7 ; nor il thi 
 
 xii 
 »4 
 
 16 
 
 l 7 
 18 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 xiii 
 1 
 
 2 
 3 
 
 5 
 
 7
 
 44 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 Mil 
 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 i i' 
 
 ia b 
 
 M 
 
 »5 
 
 16 
 
 '7 
 18 
 
 IV 
 
 i 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 Perizzite dwelled then in the land L 8 And Abram said unto 
 Lot, ' Let there be no strife, I pray thee, between me 
 and thee, and between my herdmen and thy herdmen, 
 for we are brethren. 9 Is not the whole land before 
 ihee ? separate thyself, I pray thee, from me : if to the 
 left hand, then I will go to the right ; or if to the right 
 hand, then I will go to the left.' 10 And Lot lifted up 
 his eyes, and beheld all the Plain of the Iarden, that it 
 was well watered everywhere {before Iahveh destroyed 
 Sedom and Gamorah} like the garden of Iahveh, like the 
 land of Mizraiim, as thou goest unto Zoar ; lla and Lot 
 chose him all the Plain of the Iarden. And Lot jour- 
 neyed east, 12b and moved his tent as far as Sedom. 
 13 And the men of Sedom were wicked and sinners 
 exceedingly before Iahveh {" And Iahveh said unto Abram 
 after Lot had separated himself from him, 'Lift up now thine 
 eyes, and look from the place where thou art, north, south, east, 
 and west : 15 for all the land which thou seest, to thee will I give 
 it, and to thy seed for ever. lf> And I will make thy seed as the 
 dust of the earth, that if a man can number the dust of the earth, 
 then shall thy seed also be numbered. n Arise, walk through the 
 land in its length and breadth, for unto thee will I give it.' | 18 And 
 
 Abram moved his tent, and came and dwelt by the 
 Oak {s} of Mamre, which is in Chebron, and built there 
 
 an altar unto Iahveh. { ' After these things the word of Iahveh 
 came unto Abram in a vision, saying, ' Fear not, Abram: I am 
 
 direction of \~ in the least followed by Abram in 18, who simply con- 
 tinues his journey south to Chebron by the usunl route of Shechem and 
 Beth-el. That 13. 18 belong to the Iahvistic narrative, note ' Iahveh'; 
 ' moved his tent,' cf. I2 b ; the sacred terebinth ('read jib« with LXX, as 
 in xviii. 4^ cf. xii. 6 ; ' built an altar unto Iahveh,' cf. xii. 8. 
 
 Ch, xv is a difficult passage. In 5 Abram is called to look at the 
 
 but in 12 the sun is still up, and does not set before 17, and 
 
 nothing is hinted of a change of days ; 3 is superfluous after 2 ; 13-16
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 45 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 thy shield; thy reward shall be exceeding great.' 2 And Abram 
 said, ' lord Iahveh, what wilt thou give me, seeing I shall 
 die childless, and the possessor of my house shall be EliezerV 
 3 And Abram said. 'Behold, to me thou hast given no seed: 
 and lo, one born in my house is mine heir.'' i And behold, 
 the word of Iahveh came unto him saying, ' This man shall 
 not be thine heir, but he that cometh forth from thine own 
 loins shall be thine heir.' 5 And he brought him forth abrocut, 
 and said, ' Look now toitard t/x heavens, and tell the stars 
 if thou be able to tell them : ' and he said unto him, ' So 
 shall thy seed be.' 6 And he believed in Iahveh, and he counted 
 it to him for righteousness. I 1 And he said unto him, 'lam 
 Iahveh that brought thee out of Ur-Kashdim to give thee this land 
 to inherit it.' s And he said, ' O lord Iahveh, whereby shall I 
 know that I shall inherit it .' ' 'And he said unto him, ' Take me 
 an heifer of three years old, and a she-goat of three years old, and 
 a ram of three years old, and a turtle-dove, and a young pigeon? 
 
 10 And he took him all these, and divided them in the midst, and 
 laid each half over against the other : but the birds divided he not. 
 
 11 And the birds of prey came denvn upon the car, cues, and Abram 
 drove than away. n And when the sun 1 down, a deep 
 sleep fell upon Abram ; and, lo, an horror of great darki 
 
 upon him ' . I ' : And he said unto Abram, ' Know of 
 
 that thy seed shall be a stranger in a land that is not theit s. and 
 
 shall serve them, and they shall aft/i, t them four hundt ■ 
 
 disconnect 12 from 17, anticipate [ 8, and give no answer to 8; and the 
 400 yean in [3 is inconsistent with the return of the ' fourth generation ■ 
 in \f>. The language <>t I en more perplexing. The 
 
 hand of a ' Denteronomist ' is apparent in 1 . 'the word oi [ahvefa came 
 onto' (which occurs nowhi in the Hexateuch, bnl in fi 
 
 nily. and in the I >< nti ronomic edition • "i the writings ol thi 
 
 1 the lit' Ho t ; Joel L 1 ; Mil 11 ; ' ihield, 1 
 cf. Dent xxxiii. 29 nowhere else is th< Hea teuch . 1. 8, 'lord 
 (aedonai iahveh,' cf. Dent. iii. 34, ix. 36 dot In the Hexateuch, 
 
 • 1 [saiah 1 L 4 >> , ; 7, ' to give land to po inherii It,' cl Dent xii. 
 
 1. xv. 4. xvi. 20. xix. 2. xxi. 1. 13. \\v. 19, xwi. 1 >' 1 B, 'the 
 
 great river, the rivei Perath,' c£ Dent i. , , 1 ii 31; 
 
 and jo f, the list of hostile tribes, cf. D ut vii t. jul 17. 1 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 2 
 
 "3
 
 4 fi PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xv 
 >4 
 »5 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 [8 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 1 1 
 
 xvi 
 2 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 11 and also that nation, whom they shall serve, will I judge : and 
 afterward they shall come out with great substance. l: ' But thou 
 shall go to thy fathers in peace ; thou shalt be buried in a good 
 old age). ( lc And in the fourth generation they shall come hi titer 
 again : for the iniquity of the Aemorite is not yet full.') i r 'And it 
 came to pass, that, when the sun went down, and it was dark, 
 behold a smoking furnace and a flaming torch that passed between 
 these pieces. 18 In that day lahveh made a covenant with Abram, 
 saying. ' I 'nto thy seed will I give this land, from the river of 
 Mizraiim unto the great river, the river Perath : 19 the land of the 
 Kenite and the Kenizzite. and the Kadmonite, ' m and the Chittite, 
 and the Perizzite, and the Rephaim, *' and the Aemorite, and the 
 Kenaanite, [and the Chivite], and the Girgashite, and the 
 lebusite:] } 2 And Sarai said unto Abram, ' Behold now, 
 lahveh hath restrained me from bearing; go in, I pray 
 thee, unto [Hagar] my handmaid : it may be I shall 
 obtain children by her.' And Abram hearkened to the 
 voice of Sarai, 4 and went in unto Hagar; and she con- 
 ceived. And when she saw that she had conceived, her 
 mistress was despised in her eyes. 5 And Sarai said 
 unto Abram, ' My wrong be upon thee ! I gave my 
 handmaid into thy bosom ; and when she saw that she 
 had conceived, I was despised in her eyes : let lahveh 
 judge betwixt me and thee!' 6 But Abram said unto 
 
 xiii. 5. xxiii. 23. xxxiii. 2. xxxiv. 11. Jos. iii. 10. ix. 1. xxiv. 11 — 
 all Deuteronomic passages. But equally certain are the traces of a 
 Priestly writer : 4, ' that shall come forth out of thy loins,' cf. xxxv. II. 
 xlvi. 26. Ex. i. 5 ; 7, ' Ur-Kashdim,' cf. xi. 28. 31 514,' substance,' cf. 
 xii. =. xiii. 6 ; 15, ' a good old age,' cf. xxv. 8 ; and 9 f shows probable 
 acquaintance with Lev. i. 17 : the five animals are those of the Levitical 
 ritual. With 17 f cf. Jer. xxxiv. 18. 20. In 2 the piron Kin appears 
 to be a gloss on the drraf ktyi/juvou, pco'p. In 21 read nnri'DNi 
 after ':r:: v>ith i.xx and Sam. There is no evidence that any Iahvistic 
 material lies at the root of either 1-6 or 7-12. 17 f, and the continuation 
 of xiii. 7-ii\ 12 1 '. 13. 18 should be sought in xvi. 2.4-7. n-14 
 " lahveh,' 2. 5. 7. 11. 13 ; ' hearkened to the voice of,' 2, cf. iii. 17 ; cf.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xvi 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 Sarai, ' Behold, thy maid is in thy hand ; do to her 
 what is good in thine eyes/ And Sarai dealt hardly 
 with her, and she fled from her face. 7 And {the angel of} 
 Iahveh found her by the fountain of water in the wilder- 
 ness, by the fountain in the way to Shur. {"And he said, 
 
 ' Hagar, Sarai's handmaid, whence comest thou ? and whither 
 goest thou ? ' And she said ' 1 flee from the face of my mistress 
 Sarai.' 9 And the angel of Iahveh said unto her, ' Return to thy 
 mi-tress, and submit thyself under her hands.' 10 And the angel of 
 Iahveh said unto her, ' I will greatly multiply thy seed, that it 
 shall not be numbered for multitude.'} n And {the angel of} 
 Iahveh said unto her, ' Behold, thou art with child, 
 and shalt bear a son ; and thou shalt call his name 
 "lishma-el" (' El-hearcth '), because Iahveh hath given 
 ear (shama) to thy affliction. 12 And he shall be a 
 wild-ass of a man, his hand against everyone, and 
 ryone's hand against him ; and he shall dwell over 
 against the face of all his brethren.' "And she called 
 the name of Iahveh that spake unto her, 'Thou art El 
 of Seeing' (roi) : for she said, ' Have 1 even Ikk- si en 
 
 2 with xi. 305 and note the etymologil -iii 1 1. [3. 14 as in iv. 15, \. JQ. 
 xi. 9 . For xvi. 1. 3. 15. 16 ee Priestly Hist. Bk., pp. 161 ff. In pite 
 of 'Iahveh ' in 9. 10 tin- w. 8-10 do not belong t<> thi original lahvi tic 
 narrative. Observe the bad li1 le of 9-11: 'And the angel oi 
 
 Iahveh said ui <y and the angel Of lahwh said unto lui, 
 
 10, ... . and the angel of Iahveh said unto In 1 .' 1 1. Say- \\ < llliauscn, 
 
 'So hat dei Jahrist, der '■ '■ Erzahlei in der ganzen Bibel, nichl 
 geschrieben' [Die Cotnposiimn ,/. Hex., p, 20 , li « >■ compare this 
 
 narrative of [ishmael's birth in xvi. 2. 4 I4, x.w. iS, with its Etohistu 
 
 parallel in xxl S h ■• pp.61 11 1, the important difference will l»c 
 noted that in the latter story Iisbmael is born before Hagar's expulsion, 
 and is a hoy with [izchak in the same home ; wh< rea . IJ the ill written 
 to be regarded as an interpolation, then is nothing in the 
 Iahvistic story to indicate thai Hshm in Abram's house. In 
 
 confirmation of tin., notice how 10 anticipates 11 ; how 9 the com- 
 
 1 j 
 
 i.?
 
 ,s PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xvi 
 
 '4 
 
 XXV 
 
 18 
 
 XVI 11 
 
 I 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 him that seeth me ! ' M Wherefore the well is called 
 ' Beer-lachai-roi ' ('the well of him living that seeth 
 me'); behold, it is between Kadesh and Bered. [And 
 Hagar bare a son in the wilderness, and called his 
 name ' lishma-el.'] 18 And {they} [he] dwelt from Cha- 
 vilah unto Shur, that is east of Mizraiim, as thou goest 
 toward Asshur. Over against the face of all his brethren 
 was his abode. 
 
 'And Iahveh appeared unto {him} [Abram] by the 
 Oak{s} of Mamre, as he sat in the door of the tent in the 
 heat of the day. 2 And he lifted up his eyes and looked, 
 and behold {three men} [a man] stood over against him : 
 and when he saw {them} [him], he ran to meet {them} 
 [him] from the tent door, and bowed himself to the 
 
 mand to submit to her affliction— hardly agrees with u, — the sympa 
 thetic announcement that Iahveh has heard her cry ; — and how the stress 
 on ' multitudes ' coincides with the editorial glosses in xiii. 16. xv. 5. It 
 seems clear that in the Iahvistic story, Hagar remained in the desert, 
 and there, by the well of Lachairoi, bore a male child, her desert-son, 
 Iishmael, who became the father of the wild Arab tribes, xxv. 18 (a 
 passage which has got separated from its context by the insertion 
 of parallel matter, and is plainly Iahvistic: note 'Shur' as in xvi. 7; 
 ' as thou goest,' cf. x. 19. 30. xiii. 10 ; and ' against the face of all his 
 brethren.' cf. xvi. 12; read piD'l, cf. -r:; and restore the omitted 
 statement of Iishmael's birth . Finally, omit "Ti^O, 'angel,' in 7. 11 : 
 according to 13 ' Iahveh ' himself spoke to her, and upon this the whole 
 meaning of 13. 14 depends. It may be due to the editor who inserted 
 s 10. I'.ut this attempt to smooth down the anthropomorphism of the 
 old Iahvistic tales is most conspicuous in Chaps, xviii. xix, which have 
 been very considerably emended. That an editor has interpolated xviii. 
 17 1 <). 22'' 33* is generally recognised ; but the same or some other 
 hand seems to have been at work in other parts of the chaps, xviii. xix. 
 I '. take xviii. 17 19, 22' 33* as our starting point:, the beautiful pas- 
 sage 22 b -33* can hardly have been written by the author of xviii. 3-8 
 (where Iahveh washes his feet, and eats Arab fare under a tree ; cf. esp. 
 -7 , of 20. 21 (where Iahveh talks of visiting Sedom to satisfy his
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 49 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 earth, 3 and said, ' My lord, if now I have found favour 
 in thine eyes, pass not by, I pray thee, from thy 
 servant : 4 let now a little water be fetched, and wash 
 {your} [thy] feet, and rest {yourselves} [thyself] under 
 the tree : 5 and I will fetch a morsel of bread, and 
 comfort {ye your} [thou thine] heart ; after that {shall ye} 
 [shalt thou] pass on : in as much as (ye are} [thou art] 
 come to {your} [thy] servant.' And {they} [he] said, 'So 
 do, as thou hast said.' 6 And Abra{/;«}m hastened into 
 the tent unto Sara {//}[i], and said, 'Make ready quickly 
 three measures of fine meal, knead it, and make cakes.' 
 7 And Abra{£«}m ran unto the herd, and fetched a calf 
 tender and good, and gave it unto the servant ; and he 
 hastened to dress it. 8 And he took butter, and milk, 
 and the calf which he had dressed, and set it before 
 {them} [him], and stood by {them; [him] under the 
 tree; and I he I did eat. 'And [they] [he] said 
 
 unto him, 'Where is >.u\i:/< | i] thy wife?' Ami he said 
 'Behold, in the tent.' 'And he said, 'I will surely return 
 untoth. e when the time i omes round: and lo,Sara{A}[i] 
 thy wife shall have a son.' And Sara{A] l in the 
 
 tent door which was behind him. " NowAbra{AaJm and 
 
 XV111 
 
 3 
 
 io 
 
 ! I 
 
 ; oi of the villain. u, proposition in xix. x ; and it is curious that 
 
 after I '/ will go down to find <ait' whether the cit) 
 
 punishment or not. tahveh should remain behind himself, and 
 be entrt \ though he had a ermined on & verthrow; 
 
 .-mil 17 [9— which reveal this decision in [ahveh's mind, an oddlyoutol 
 I before 20. 21— where [abvefa is distinctly ondi and thus 
 
 prepare the way foi Cf. the interpolations xiii. 14 17 
 
 wi. 10; and not-- th Denteronomii languag 'kei th< way oi 
 lahveh'; mm ■.'. justice and judgment, 1 Deut. \i. 1 . 
 (cf. Deut. xii. -1 11. xix. s 11, etc.) oi 19; and 
 
 33" (individual righteousness and happi Deut irii, 9. 10. 
 
 xxiv. 16. Jer. xxxi. 2<j. 30. Ilah. i. ia i ; and th prophetic 
 
 E
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 Iah viatic. 
 Sara {//}[i] were old, far gone in days, [and] it had ceased 
 to be with Sara { A } [i] after the manner of women : 12 and 
 Sara{A}[i] laughed within herself, saying, 'After I am 
 waxed old shall I have delight, my husband being old 
 also?' ,3 And Iahveh said unto Abra{/««}m, 'Wherefore 
 did Sara{/5 j [i ] laugh, saying, Shall I indeed bear a child 
 
 who am old? {" Is anything too hard for Iahveh ?} At the set 
 time I will return unto thee when the time comes round, 
 and Sara{A}[i] shall have a son.' 15 And Sara{/*}[i] 
 denied, saying, ' I laughed not ' : for she was afraid. 
 But he said, ' Nay, but thou didst laugh.' * * 
 
 10 And the {men} [man] rose up 
 thence, and looked toward Sedom : and Abraham went 
 with {them} [him] to bring {them} [him] on the way. 
 ["And Iahveh said, 'Shall I hide from Abraham that which 
 I do, 18 seeing that Abraham shall surely become a great and 
 mighty nation, and all the nations of the earth shall be blessed 
 in him ? " For I have known him, to the end that he may 
 command his children and his house after him, that they may 
 keep the way of Iahveh, to do justice and right, to the end that 
 Iahveh may bring upon Abraham that which he hath spoken of 
 
 reverence in 25 and 27. Also, the opening words of 17, ion mrr, 
 begin, do not continue a narrative : after 16 we should expect the 
 run' t:n , i of 20. And not only does 20 continue 16, but 33 b follows 
 admirably on 22". Now this attempt in xviii. 17-19. 22 b -33 a to soften 
 the severity of Iahveh towards Sedom, throws light on the rest of 
 xviii. xix. The communion of Iahveh alone with Abraham, xviii. 
 ** b -33*i 's not unconnected with Iahveh's absence from the very 
 disagreeable situation of the 'two angels' in xix. 1-17, and his mixed 
 personality generally throughout the narrative. Nothing is said of 
 Iahveh rejoining the mysterious ' men,' and yet he is certainly present in 
 xix. 1 8 ff, and is addressed as if he had been on the scene from the 
 •inning, and as sole agent in the destruction of the city. It should be 
 noted (1) that Iahveh is addresssed personally in the singular in xviii. 3 
 '•my lord'; 'in thy sight'; 'pass thou not by'; 'thy servant'); 
 in xix. 18. 19 ('my lord'; 'thy servant'; 'in thy sight'; 'thou hast 
 
 xviii 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 M 
 
 '5 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 '9
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. ti 
 
 » 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 him.'} 20 And Iahveh said, ' Verily the cry of Sedom 
 and Gamorah is great, that their sin is very grievous. 
 21 1 will go down now and see whether they have done 
 altogether according to [their] cry that has come unto 
 me ; and if not, I will know.' " And the {men} [man] 
 turned thence, and went toward Sedom {But Abraham 
 
 stood yet before Iahveh. 2S And Abraham drew near, and said, 
 ' Wilt thou also consume the righteous with the wicked? 2 * Per- 
 adventure there be fifty righteous within the city: wilt thou 
 consume and not spare the place for the fifty righteous that are 
 therein ? u That be far from thee to do after this manner, to 
 slay the righteous with the wicked, that so the righteous should 
 be as the wicked ; that be far from thee: shall not the Judge of 
 all the earth do right ? ' "And Iahveh said, 'If I find in Sedom 
 fifty righteous within the city, then I will spare all the place for 
 their sake.' "And Abraham answered and said, ' Behold now, 
 I have taken upon me to speak unto the Lord, who .1111 Inn dnsl 
 and ashes: "perad venture there shall lack live of the fifty 
 righteous: wilt thon destroy all the city lor lack of live'' ' And he 
 said, ' I will not destroy it, if I find there forty and five.' ' And h< 
 
 spake unto him yet again, and said, ' Peradventure there shall be 
 
 forty found there.' And he said. ' I will not do it for the forty's 
 
 sake.' I he said, ' O lei not the I ord be angry, and I will 
 
 venture there shall thirty be found there. - "And 
 
 he laid, ' I will not do it, if I find thirty there.' And he aid, 
 
 B hold HOW, I have taken npOD me tO -1" al. unto the l.,,rd j per 
 
 magnified'; 'thy mercy'; 'thou basl shewed';, (a Iahveh 
 
 Bally in the lingular in win. 10 ' Anil he aid ' ; ' I will return' 
 
 1 \nd Iahveh said ') ; [4 (• I will return ' ; 15 'and he 
 
 C Iahveh said',; m r\ will go down'; 'I will ,< r ' ; 'unto me', 
 
 • I will know' ; xix. t; 'he said' ; i\ -he aid'; 'I have gladdened'; 
 'I will not overthrow' I cannot until' j and according to the 
 
 i.xx in xviii. j 'he said' ; and ., 'he said*). 3 Iahveh is poken of 
 in the tin rtttar in xviii. 1 c iahveh appeared onto Abram *) ; to 'behind 
 him'cxi r< [ahveh will destroy the cil 1 ' Iahveh rained upon 
 
 .Sedom'i, i, overthrew those cities' , In the face of thi ■■ 1 ence, 
 
 is it not highly probable that a pious editor has t r i ■ d in these < ha] h n 
 to conceal the ' Almighty Judge,' xviii. 15, fol whom nothing il 'too 
 
 E 2 
 
 xvm 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 22 
 2 3 
 
 2S 
 ■'" 
 
 3° 
 
 3'
 
 5* PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XVlll 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 1 
 
 Iahvistic. * 
 
 adventure there shall be twenty found there.' And he said, 'I 
 will not destroy it for the twenty's sake.' w And he said, 'O let 
 not the Lord be angry, and I will speak yet but this once: per- 
 adventure ten shall be found there.' And he said, ' I will not 
 destroy it for the ten's sake.' 33 And Iahveh went his way 
 as soon as he had left communing with Abraham.} And 
 Abraham returned unto his place. 3 And the {two angels} 
 [man] came to Sedom at even ; and Lot sat in the 
 gate of Sedom: and Lot sa\v{them} [him], and rose 
 up to meet {them} [him], and bowed himself with his 
 face to the earth, 2 and said, ' Behold now, my lord, 
 turn aside, I pray {you} [thee], into {your} [thy] 
 servant's house, and tarry, and wash {your} [thy] feet, 
 and {you shall} [thou shalt] rise up early and go on 
 {your} [thy] way.' And {they} [he] said, 'Nay, but in 
 the street will {we} [I] tarry.' 3 But he urged {them} 
 [him] greatly, and {they} [he] turned in unto him, and 
 entered into his house. And he made {them} [him] a 
 feast, and did bake unleavened bread ; and {they} [he] 
 did eat. 4 But before {they} [he] lay down, the men of 
 the city, {even the men of Sedom} compassed the house 
 round, both young and old, all the people from every 
 5 I quarter, "and called unto Lot, and said unto him, 
 
 wonderful,' 14" a gloss in the spirit of 22'' ff), behind 'three men ' and 
 'angels'? and that in the original story Iahveh alone ■mas mentioned! 
 I therefore venture to restore tt>'N in xviii. 2 ; t'Nn in 16. 22. xix. 1. 5. 
 8. 10. 1 -•. 15. 16; and the corresponding inflections; and to strike out 
 'three' in xviii. 2 ; ' Is anything too hard for Iahveh?' 14' 1 ; 'two 
 angels,' xix. 1 ; 'even the men of Sedom,' 4 ; 'because the cry of them 
 is waxen great before Iahveh' fcf. xviii. 20) 'and Iahveh hath sent us 
 ^roy it' contradicted by 21. 22. 24. 25) in 13; 'and upon the 
 hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters' note 'and 
 brought him forth ') ' Iahveh being merciful unto him ' 1 of same nature 
 as xviii. 14", interrupts i6" c , and the occasion of the omission of i6 c in 
 the i.xx in 16 ; and ' to the place where he had stood before Iahveh'
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 53 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 ' Where {are the men} [is the man] who came in to thee 
 this night? bring {them} [him] out unto us that we 
 may know {them} [him].' 6 And Lot went out to them 
 to the door, and shut the inner-door behind him : 7 and 
 he said, ' Do not, my brethren, I pray you, do wickedly : 
 8 behold now, I have two daughters who have not 
 known man ; let me, I pray you, bring them out unto 
 you, and do ye unto them as is good in your eyes : 
 only unto {these men } [this man] do nothing, inasmuch 
 as [they are} [he is] come under the shadow of my 
 roof.' B But they said, 'Stand back;' and they said, 'This 
 fellow came in to sojourn, and will needs be a judge ! 
 Now, (said they) we will deal with thee worse than with 
 {them} [him]': and they pressed sore upon the man, 
 even Lot, and drew near to break down the door. 
 10 But the {men} [man] put forth {their] [his] hand, 
 and drew Lot unto [them] | him] into the house, and 
 shut to tin.- door: "and [they} [he] smote the men at 
 the door of the house with blindness, both small and 
 thai they wearied themselves to find the door. 
 '•'And the {men} [man] said unto Lot, 'Hast thou here 
 any beside? [thy] son[s]-in-law, [and thy sons}, and thy 
 
 XIX 
 
 10 
 
 1 : 
 
 (cf. xviii. -•-■ in 27. Read in xviii. 1 c-iaub; and p^H3 with 1 X 
 ym in 4. 8 ; and cf. sii. 6 ; in u >ini with LXX ; In 11 Dnp»33fi with 
 In xix. 12 "pnnfoi "pai jnn with ixx ; in 15 ms with lxx [in 17 
 inn; in 7,7 SHio '51 'k 'n '3HO ioh^ 'o with lxxj and iii 38^010 'm, 
 ■ •:;-•: toi«b pos with lxx. From t!i<- parallel account ol a promise 
 
 on to Sarai In the Prii Hist Bk.,< ren. svik t6 [9 ee p 
 following the change ol Abram's name to 'Abraham,' svii. 5, a 
 Sarai'i to 'Sarah,' xvii. 15, we ihonld aftei icviii. 1= a corre- 
 
 ■ponding change of names. Therefor) I have restored ' Vbram' and 
 1 Sami' in xviii. 1 [5 as in ivi and preceding Iahvistii 1 
 
 The continuation >.i xviii. xi\ (in if 1 original form, lahvi tic: note 
 ' Iahveh 'pat im ; 'Oak ol Mamie,' xviii. 1. cf. siil t8; 'lifted up bis
 
 54 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xiz 
 •3 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 
 j6 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 •9 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 daughters, and whomsoever thou hast in the city, bring 
 them out of the place, 13 for {we} [I] will destroy this 
 place { because the cry of them is waxen great before Iahveh, 
 and Iahveh hath sent us to destroy it}. H And Lot went 
 out, and spake unto his sons-in-law, who should marry 
 his daughters, and said, ' Up, get you out of this place, 
 for Iahveh will destroy the city.' But he seemed 
 unto his sons-in-law as one that mocked. ,6 And as 
 the morning arose the {angels} [man] hastened Lot, 
 saying, ' Arise, take thy wife, and thy two daughters 
 who are here, [and depart,] lest thou be consumed in 
 the wickedness of the city.' 16 And as he lingered, 
 the {men} [man] laid hold upon his hand, [and upon the 
 hand of his wife, and upon the hand of his two daughters; 
 Iahveh being merciful unto him}, and brought him forth, 
 and set him without the city. " And it came to 
 pass when {they} [he] had brought {them} [him] forth 
 abroad, that he said, ' Escape for thy life ; look not 
 behind thee ; neither stay thou in all the plain ; escape 
 to the mountains lest thou be consumed.' 18 And Lot 
 said unto {them} [him], 'O not so, my lord : 19 behold 
 now, thy servant hath found favour in thine eyes, and 
 thou hast magnified thy mercy which thou hast shewed 
 me in saving my life ; but I am not able to escape 
 to the mountains, lest the evil overtake me and I die : 
 20 behold now, this city is near to flee unto, and it is 
 little : O let me escape thither, a little place, thou 
 knowest, that my soul may live.' 21 And he said unto 
 him, ' See, I have favoured thee in this thing also, 
 
 <*yes,' 2, cf. xiii. 10 ; ' find favour in the eyes of,' 3. xix. 19, cf. vi. 8) is 
 to be sought, not in xx, but in xxi. 1". 2". 7 : note ' Iahveh' ; ' conceived 
 and bare,' cf. iv. 1. 17. xvi. 4 ; ' in his old age,' 2". 7, cf. xviii. 11. 12. 
 supply ' and called his name " Iizchak " ' in 2 a , in accordance with xviii.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 55 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 that I will not overthrow the city which thou hast 
 spoken of. 22 Haste thee, escape thither, for I cannot 
 do anything till thou be come thither.' Therefore was 
 the name of the city called ' Zoar ' (' littleness '). M The 
 sun rose on the earth as Lot came unto Zoar : u and 
 Iahveh rained upon Sedom and upon Gamorah, brim- 
 stone and Iahveh-fire out of the heavens ; " 5 and he 
 overthrew those cities, and all the plain, all the in- 
 habitants of the cities, and that which grew upon the 
 ground. M But his wife looked back from behind him, 
 and she became a pillar of salt. '■' And Abraham 
 got up early in the morning {to the place where he had 
 stood before Iahveh}, 2s and looked toward Sedom arid 
 Gamorah, and toward all the land of the plain, and 
 beheld ; and lo, the smoke of the land went up like 
 the smok<: of a furnace. "And Lot went up out of 
 / ar, and dwelt in the mountains, and his two daughters 
 with him: for In- feared to dwell al Zoar: and be 
 dwelt in a cave, he and his two daughters. 'And the 
 firstborn said unto the younger, • Our father is old, 
 and there is nol a man in the land to come in unto 
 us after the mannei oi all the earth: come, lei us 
 make our father drink wine, and we will lie with him 
 that we may keep alive seed by our father.' "And 
 they made their lather drink wine that night: and 
 
 ih- i] n went in, and lay with her fathei ; and be 
 
 knew no! when she lay down, nor when she aro 
 'And it came to pass on the morrow, that the first- 
 
 XIX 
 22 
 
 2.3 
 
 H 
 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 2S 
 
 30 
 31 
 
 3* 
 
 33 
 
 .'.! 
 
 12-15, cf. ' v - '7- -'. ] xxi - '''• • I Hist. Bk. p 166 
 
 In xx. i— 17. xx i. 6 j 1 . -'j 31*. xxii. ii.',. [9 we come upon a group <>l 
 
 in, iv 11 < '.1 ill' divine name '/•/.>////«' 
 
 (XX. 3. 6. II. 13. 17. XXL 6. I J. I". KJ. 20. 22. 23. xxii I 3 S. O, 12; 
 
 'Elohira.' in xxii. 11, ■• ■ pp. 60 11 , but with none oi the
 
 s6 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xix 
 
 XX 
 
 I 
 
 35 
 
 3<S 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 born said unto the younger, 
 ' Behold, I lay yesternight 
 with my father: let us make 
 him drink wine this night 
 also ; and go thou in, and 
 lie with him, that we may 
 keep alive seed by our 
 father.' 35 And they made 
 their father drink wine that 
 night also; and the younger 
 arose, and lay with him ; 
 and he knew not when she 
 lay down, nor when she 
 arose. sc Thus were both 
 the daughters of Lot with 
 child by their father. 37 And 
 the firstborn bare a son, 
 and called his name 'Moab': 
 [saying, ' By my father ' 
 (moabi) ' is he']: the same 
 is the father of the sons of 
 Moab until this day. " 8 And 
 the younger, she also bare 
 a son, and called his name 
 ['Ammon': saying,] ' The 
 son of my people' (ami) 
 [' is he '] : the same is the 
 father of the sons of Am- 
 mon until this clay. 
 
 Elohistic. 
 1 And Abraham journeyed 
 [from thence} toward the 
 land of the South, and 
 dwelt between Kadesh and 
 Shur ; and he sojourned in 
 Gerar. 2 And when Abra- 
 ham said of Sarah his wife, 
 ' She is my sister,' then 
 Abimelech, king of Gerar, 
 sent and took Sarah. 3 But 
 Elohim came to Abimelech 
 in a dream by night, and 
 said to him, ' Behold, thou 
 art as a dead man, be- 
 cause of the woman which 
 thou hast taken ; for she 
 is a man's wife.' 4 But 
 Abimelech had not come 
 near her : and he said, 
 ' My lord, wilt thou slay 
 even a righteous people ? 
 5 Did he not himself say 
 unto me, She is my sis- 
 ter, and she, even she 
 herself, say, He is my 
 brother? In the integ- 
 rity of my heart, and the 
 innocency of my hands 
 have I done this.' 6 And 
 
 peculiar features of the Priestly Hist. Bk. The interest and liveliness 
 of the narrative stamp it at once as more akin to the Iahvistic than to 
 the Priestly I list. Bk., and its contents are parallel to much that has
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 57 
 
 xx 
 
 Elohistic. 
 Elohim said unto him in the dream, 'Yea, I know 
 tliat in the integrity of thy heart thou hast done this, 
 and so I also withheld thee from sinning against me : 
 therefore suffered I thee not to touch her. 7 Now 
 therefore restore the man's wife, for he is a prophet, 
 and he shall pray for thee, and thou shalt live: but it 
 thou restore her not, know that thou shalt surely die, 
 thou and all that are thine.' 8 And Ahimelech rose 
 • ally in the morning, and called all his servants, and 
 told all these things in their ears: and the men were 
 sore afraid. "Ahimelech called Abraham, and said 
 unto him, 'What hast thou done unt<> us, and wherein 
 have [ sinned against thee, that thou hast brought on 
 
 been, or has yet to fie told, in the Iahvistic document. The Priestly 
 Hist. He. says nothing of Ilagar's expulsion (xvii. 23. xxv. 9 . niul gives 
 Iishmael's years as 14 when Iizchak was born xvi. 16. xvii. 25. wi. g , 
 an age which the story in xxi. 8-2] will not admit. There, he is a child 
 of 4 or 5, older than Iizchak who was weaned at the latest at j 1 years 
 (a Maccabees rii. 27 , small enough to be carried on his mother's 
 shoulder, 1.1. cast under a shrub,' 15, and 'lifted up in the 
 
 arms,' i s. fa 14. 15, 16 he is called a ' child 1 -1 v , and the -nnitiov of 
 the i. xx throughout (not it* - in xxii. 5. 1 j indicates that in 1 -. 
 
 19. 20 -iv has be< n altered into -••:: ' lad' to make the narrative 
 fit better its present position after wi. x\ii. 25. xxi. 5. Similarly the 
 beautiful verse 14 has 1 . angrammatical, and the stati ment 
 
 red thai Abraham lifted the child on to rlagar's Bhoulder 
 with i.xx ''n"nM 'c-- Dto'i ; the last words oi 9 lxx: nm 
 
 ■k tou vlov alrrfji bav< been omitted to give rn-ji the 
 
 uf 'mock'; and in 16 a slight cham 
 the cry of the child cf, 17 to the mot! I with LXX rfc - "' 
 
 ■|a»l V-p-.-x -i-'-t . Note the inti rpolation >>i the "Tubo 1 
 as in xvi. xviii. xix : thi I m 18 must 1' ' Elohim,' who Is alone 
 mentioned in 12. i;\ 19, jo. In 17 ..1 [9 we bould exp< 
 
 londing tf» the naming "t 1 1 in xvi. n, The 
 
 can only 1" ' as an Elohistic parallel to the Iahvistic 
 
 passage xvi. 2.4 7. 1 1 1 1. and may have been ini lud< d in the compila<
 
 58 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 I 2 
 
 •3 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 16 
 
 Elohistic. 
 me, and on my kingdom a great sin 1 Thou hast done 
 until me as no man doeth.' 10 And Abimelech said 
 unto Abraham, ' What hast thou perceived, that thou 
 hast done this tiling?' "And Abraham said, 'Verily, 
 I thought, Surely the fear of Elohim is not in this 
 place, and they will slay me for my wife's sake. ]2 But 
 yel is she indeed my sister, my father's daughter, 
 though not my mother's daughter; and she became 
 my wife. "And it came to pass when Elohim caused 
 me to stray forth from my father's house, that I said 
 unto her, This is thy favour that thou wilt show unto 
 me ; at every place whither we shall come, say of me, 
 He is my brother.' "And Abimelech took sheep and 
 oxen, and menservants and womenservants, and gave 
 them unto Abraham, and restored him Sarah his wife. 
 10 And Abimelech said, ' Behold, my land is before thee : 
 dwell where it pleaseth thee.' Jc And unto Sarah he said, 
 ' Behold, I have given thy brother a thousand pieces 
 of silver : behold, it is for thee, a covering of the eyes 
 to all that are with thee : and before all men are thou 
 
 tion (Introd. p. a), because it differs in several essential particulars. 
 Instead of being born in the desert (xvi. IX. xxv. 18), Iishmael is 
 expelled with his mother; and instead of being named ' El-IIeareth ' 
 because of Ilagar's affliction being heard (xvi. n), he is so named in 
 consequence of his own cry (xxi. 17). But that the stories are parallel 
 versions is clear from the incidents of Sarah's jealousy and complaint to 
 Abraham xvi. 4. 5 and xxi. 10) ; Ilagar's flight into the wilderness 
 (xvi. 7 and xxi. 14); the well (xvi. 7 and xxi. 19); the etymology of 
 IishmacTs name (xvi. 11 and xxi. 17 , and his wild desert life (xvi. 12. 
 xxv. 18 and xxi. 20. 21). The fragment xxi. 6, which is parallel to xxi. 
 7, belongs to the story 8-21 : note the different derivation of Iizchak's 
 name from ' Zaehak,' to laugh : in xvii. 17, the Priestly Hist. Bk., he is 
 so named because his father laughed at the promise of a son ; in xviii. 
 10 ff, the Iahvistic nanative, because his mother laughed at the promise 
 of a son ; but here, because his mother laughed when she bore a son.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 59 
 
 Elohistic. 
 righted.' 17 And Abraham prayed to Elohim : and Elohira 
 healed Abimelech, and his wife and his maidservants, 
 80 that they bare {For Iahveh had fast closed up all the 
 wombs of the house of Abimelech, because of Sarah, Abraham's 
 wife J. "And {it came to pass at that time} Abimelech 
 |and Phikol, the captain of his host} sjiake unto Abraham 
 saying, 'Elohim is with thee in all that thou doest: 
 "now therefore swear unto me here by Elohim that 
 thou wilt not deal falsely with me, nor with my off- 
 spring, nor with my posterity: but according to the 
 kindness that 1 have done unto thee, thou shalt do 
 unto me, and to the land wherein thou hast sojourned.' 
 24 Aid Abraham said, c l will swear.' '-' 'But Abraham 
 reproved Abimelech because of a well of water which 
 the servants of Abimelech had violently taken away. 
 "•And Abimelech said, ' I wot not who hath done this 
 thing: neither didsi thou tell me, neither yet beard 
 I ol it until to-day.' "And Abraham took Bheep and 
 m. and gave them onto Abimelech, and thej two 
 
 XX 
 
 XXI 
 
 22 
 
 23 
 
 ■H--!5 
 
 27 
 
 Also note ' Elohim.' Similarly xx. i 17 and its continuation xxi ia-3i" 
 form an Elohistic parallel o> xxvi. 7-33 with Abraham as hero instead 
 oflizchak: note Gerai uc 1. 2 and xxvi. 7); Abimelech (xx 1 u and 
 xxvi. 8 fif); the tame incident of a wife taken foi a sister; the ^\<n<- 
 straggle fur the well (xxi. 25 and xxvi. 20,, ami the derivation ol the 
 
 name ' B 1 heba' (xxi. 30 and xxvi 33). Moreovel cf. XX. 1 with 
 
 xxvi. 7; xx. 9 with xxvi. 10; xx. [4 with KZvL 14; Kxi. :j with xxvi 
 
 and xxi. 23 with xxvi. 20.. Noi IS thi re any place l"i XX. ] 17 KxL 
 
 22-7,1" in the Priestl) Hi t. r.k. : the takin ^bimelech'sjl 
 
 harem is even more ridiculous after xvii. 17 than after xviii. n. is j mirj 
 is there any sign in th Pi 11 thai Abraham 1 yed at-* 
 
 1 ii ■ ba. '1 1 ■ . is, • Foi [ahvi ii had fa 1 closed ap 
 
 all the wombs of the house of Abimelech I ol Sarah, Abraham's 
 
 wife/ betrays it-.'lf as a gloss on 17 b) thi use "i thi name 'Iahveh.' 
 lie- strong resembuu en xxi. 22 31*. and xxvi. [9 33 has led to 
 
 alterations in both. In xxi. 22, ' and Phikol the captain "l his l""t ' t>>
 
 (k> prophetic history book. 
 
 XXI 
 
 a8 
 a 9 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 32 
 34 
 
 Elohistic. 
 made a covenant. 2g And Abraham set seven ewe lambs 
 of the flock by themselves. 29 And Abimelech said 
 unto Abraham, ' What mean these seven ewe lambs 
 which thou hast set by themselves 1 ' s0 And [Abraham] 
 said, ' These seven ewe lambs shalt thou take of my 
 hand, that it may be a witness unto me that I have 
 digged this well.' 31 Wherefore he called that place 
 'Beer-sheba' ('well of seven') {because there they sware 
 both of them ; 32 and they made a covenant at Beer-sheba. And 
 Abimelech rose up, and Phikol the captain of his host and they 
 returned into the land of the Pelishtim. 3 *And Abraham 
 
 which the i.xx adds ' Achuzzath his friend') has probably crept in from 
 xxvi. 26; note the singular, ion'1, and throughout, 'unto me,' 'with 
 me,' etc. ; cf. the plural, ' ye,' ' they,' ' we,' etc. in xxvi. 26 ff. 3i h is 
 also a gloss: the well is named ' Sheba,' not from ' Shibah, to swear,' 
 as in xxvi. 33, but from ' Sheba, seven,' as in 28-30 ; and ' Phikol, the 
 captain of his host,' 32, and ' the land of the Pelishtim,' 32. 34, prove 
 acquaintance with xxvi. 19-33, to which xxi. 33 (note ' Iahveh '; omit 
 the gloss DbiN ■>») with Iizchak as its subject, would form a fitting con- 
 clusion. 
 
 Chap. xxii. 1-13. 19 is a fragment of the same Elohistic narrative as 
 xx. 1-17. xxi. 6. 8-31" (note ' Elohim ' ; and the dream, 1-3, as in xx. 
 3. 8. xxi. 12. 14; the voice from the skies, 11, as in xxi. 17; and cf. 13 
 with xxi. 19) but has no parallel in the Iahvistic document. Read 
 nOHTl in 2: the name 'Moriah' occurs only elsewhere in the late 
 ii. iii. 1, where it doubtless means Mount Zion ; but here the mountain 
 is not named, 2 1 ', and the expression ' land of Zion' is meaningless; and 
 three days journey from Beersheba would bring Abraham much farther! 
 north than Jerusalem — to Shechem, or some other Israelite sanctuary.j 
 Abundant traces of this Elohistic narrative appear in the Ilexateuch, and 
 from one interesting fragment, Ex. iii. 1 1 — 15 (ef. the Priestly parallel, 
 Ex. vi. 2-9, pp. 151 f ) we gather the writer's opinion that Moses 
 introduced the divine name Iahveh. This will explain not only the 
 exclusive use of the name Elohim in the passages above (and in all the 
 Elohistic passages in Genesis) but a marked religious tinge, — in the 
 story of Abraham's sacrifice (the view that Elohim was content with 
 man's willingness to offer his firstborn), in the revelation by dreams, the
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 61 
 
 xxi 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 
 Elohistic. 
 sojourned in the land of the Pelishtim many days J- * 
 
 * 6 And Sarah said. ' Elohini hath made 
 
 me to laugh; everyone that heareth will laugh with 
 me.' 8 And the child grew, and was weaned ; ami 
 Abraham made a great feast the day that Iizchak was 
 weaned. 'And Sarah saw the sun of Hagar the 
 Ifizraiimitess, which she had borne unto Abraham, 
 playing [with her son Iizchak]. 10 \\'herefore she said 
 unto Abraham, ' Cast out this bondwoman and her 
 son : lor tin- Bon of this bondwoman shall not be lair 
 with my son, even with Iizchak.' "And the thing 
 was \. ry grievous in Abraham's sight on account of 
 his sun. '-And Elohim Baid unto Abraham, 'Let it 
 not he grievous in thy sight because of the {lad] 
 [child], and because of thy bondwoman: in all that 
 Sarah Baith onto thee, hearken unto ber voice; for in 
 
 r of pray ; 17 , the prophetic character given to Abraham 
 
 (xx. 7. xxi. 21 , and in the ceremony of th< it ud. 38 . In 
 
 xxii. I repent cm;n with \.\\ as in 11, ami read with I.XX ins- in 1 .', 
 
 ->m. Chap. xxii. i( [8 is ".,t Elohistii note 'Iahveh,' [4. \~. 
 16 ; the loose connecting link, 'called onto Abraham a Becond tin 
 
 Lot wa d from him,' xiii. 1 1, an' I similai interpolations in 
 
 I v. 2. i Sam. w. 14; th( a numbers, 17, cf. xiii. 14 17. xv. 5. 
 
 xvi. 10. xviii. 17-19 and mi I to the compiler, who wove thi 
 
 1 and Elohistic nan Vophetu History Book p. a , 
 
 ! . 'Mount ol iahveh' foi Mount Zion marks him 
 
 ! 1 and the probable author ittempl in - to transplant 
 
 Abrah d of faith from tome North Israelite shrine to Jerusalem. 
 
 His also m in 15 wh nee the mrr '0 in tx), and 
 
 xvi. 8 10 and allied pa I lly, to fun 01 ome othei interpo 
 
 latoi mi; ■ ; inuation kxv. i 6 l note 
 
 ' begat,' 'com abine,' ' whose name was,' and ' beai onto,' in both li 
 li belongs oeithei to the Priestly Hi 1 ; Sheba 
 
 and Dedan arc derived hen- from iokshan, ion oi Abraham, utv. .!. n<>t 
 from Kaamah, sun of Kush as in •.. 7; and 1 6 hardly agrees with
 
 6a PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK 
 
 13 
 
 >4 
 
 »5 
 
 16 
 
 '7 
 
 18 
 
 Elohistic. 
 [iz'chak shall thy seed be named. ]3 And also of the 
 son of the bondwoman will I make a nation, because 
 lie is thy seed.' 14 And Abraham rope up early in the 
 morning, and took bread and a skin of water, and pave 
 it unto Hagar, and set [the child] upon her shoulder, 
 and sent her away. And she departed, and wandered 
 in the wilderness of Beer-sheba. 15 And the water 
 in the skin was spent. And she cast the child under 
 one of the shrubs, ]6 and went and sat her down over 
 against him a good way off, as it were a bowshot: for 
 she said, ' Let me not look upon the death of [my] 
 child.' And as the sat down over against him, [the 
 child] raised his voice, [and cried out]. "And Elohim 
 heard the voice of the {lad} [child]. And {the angel of} 
 Klohini called to Hagar out of the heavens, and said 
 unto her, ' What aileth thee, Hagar 1 Fear not, for 
 Elohim hath heard the voice of the {lad} [child] in the 
 place where he is. 18 Arise, lift up the {lad} [child], 
 
 xxv. 9), nor to the Iahvistic narrative (Sheba, 3, Asshur, 3, Iokshan or 
 Ioktan, 3, and Chanok. 4, are differently derived in x. 28. x. 11. x. 25 
 and iv. 17), and there is no evidence that it belongs to the Elohistic 
 document. Rather is it a gloss to supplement Abraham's family, and so 
 fulfd the repeatcl promises in xiii. 16. xv. 5. xvi. 10. xviii. 18. xxii. 17. 
 For xxiii sec Priestly Hist. Bk. (pp. 166 ff). When the redactor, 
 who interwove the Priestly and Prophetic (p. 3 f ) History Books (pp. 4.7) 
 inserted this chapter here, relating Sarah's death, he reserved xxv. 1-6 
 to reintroduce tin- death of Abraham in xxv. 7-11". 12-17, an( l connect 
 it with xxiv. which he modified. There is strong evidence that xxiv 
 (which is Iahvistic: note ' Iahveh ' throughout ; cf. 4-8 with xii. 1-3. 
 7; 10. 15 with xi. 29; 36 with xviii. 11—15. xx '- ltt - 2<t - 7! Ribkah, 
 fair to look upon, 16, prepares the way for xxvi. 7 ff, and her marriage 
 with lizchak for xxv. 21 ff; 'old and far gone in days,' 1, cf. xviii. 11) 
 originally recorded Abraham's death. No mention is made of him 
 again in the Iahvistic narrative, and xxiv. 1-9 is a death-bed scene; cf. 
 xlvii. 29-31 ; and note Abraham's great age, 1 ; his sickness, anxiety,
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 63 
 
 TT l 
 
 '9 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 X\ll 
 I 
 
 Elohistic. 
 and hold him in thy hand : for I will make him a 
 great nation.' w And Elohini opened her eyes, and she 
 saw a well of water; and she went, and fdled the skin 
 with water, and gave the {lad} [child] drink. [And 
 she called his name ' Iishma-el ' ; for she said ' El hath 
 heard ' (shama) ' him '.] 20 And Elohim was with the 
 I lad} [child], and he grew; and he dwelt in the 
 wilderness, and hecame an archer. "And he dwelt in 
 the wilderness of Paran ; and his mother took him a 
 wife out of the land of Mi/.raiim. 
 
 l And it came to pass after these things thai Elohim 
 did prove Abraham : and lie said unto him, 'Abraham, 
 [Abraham']; and he Baid, 'Here am I.' -'And be saidj 
 'Take now thy son, thine only son. whom tlmu Invest, 
 even [izchak, and get thee into the land of {Moriah] 
 [the Aemorite], and offer him there for a hurnl 
 offering upon one of the mountains which 1 will tell 
 thee of. And Abraham rose up early in the morning, 
 and Baddled lii- ass, and took two of bis young men 
 
 and oath, 2. 3; hii beqw t of all to [izchak, 36; [izchak's return 
 - r >-'. bii lam mto 1 *, cf. Ps h 3. 18. cxlii. 3. Job vii. 
 
 11. 13. Prov. sxiii. iq) in the field, 63, an. I his c fori m Ribkah. 
 
 Nothing is said of Sarah (in 67 the article in rr'jnHn, stat con t, > 
 inexplicable unless we regard the following ion m to as agio from the 
 margin, lee the lxx), and we may safely conjecture, with Wellhausen, 
 that til n p.6a hasomitti d the rtati men) ol Abraham*! death after 
 
 61, and altered i»m al the end ol 67 into ion overlooking the fact that 
 be thus representi [izchak a, mourning for his mothei 1;, or i| 
 cf. xvii. 1-. xxiii. 1 and xxv. 20 : and contrast I . religious tone 
 
 of this chapter is conspicuously more spiritual than oi some of the 
 in the lahvi ip cf. li t'' iv. vi 1 ft viii. 10 - -• si 1 9, 
 
 xviii. xix), but the highly monothi istic expri ssions, [ahveh ' the < »od of 
 the heavens and the God oi the earth,' 3, and ' the ' rod ol the hi ■ •■■ 
 ; probably later additions ; cf. xviii ic in 7 th ■ luperflnous words 
 ' and who swarc unto mc ' must be assigned to the com] ilei "f ' IE' (pp.
 
 64 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xx 11 
 
 Elohistic. 
 with him, and Iizchak his son ; and he clave the wood 
 for the burnt offering, and rose up, and went unto the 
 place til' which Elohim had told him. 4 On the third 
 day Abraham lifted up his eyes, and saw the place afar 
 off. °And Abraham said unto his young men, 'Abide 
 ye here with the ass, and I and the lad will go yonder; 
 and we will worship, and come again to you.' 6 And 
 Abraham took the wood of the burnt offering, and laid 
 it upon Iizchak his son ; and he took in his hand the 
 fire and the knife; and they went both of them 
 together. 7 And Iizchak spake unto Abraham his 
 father, and said, 'My father'; and he said, ' Here am 
 I, my son.' And he said, ' Behold, the fire and the 
 wood : but where is the lamb for a burnt offering 1 ' 
 8 And Abraham said, ' Elohim will provide himself the 
 lamb for a burnt offering, my son.' And they went 
 both of them together. 9 And they came to the place 
 which Elohim had told him of: and Abraham built 
 
 2.62) who alone speaks of 'swearing,' xxii. 16 ; and restore from 40 
 -p-n rvbs 1 in place of "7 iDN^o 'it- : the 'angel' does not appear, 
 whereas ' a prosperous way ' is the one thing prayed for, and looked for 
 in the omen, and for which Abraham's servant thanks Iahveh, 12-14. 2I - 
 27. 40. 42-44. 48. 56. Tn 10 -[^n is out of place before -jb'T Dp'i : read 
 with the lxx _ ^301. In 22 restore with the Sam. HEN'bN cc'i after 
 ibptfo ; replace 22 1 ' after 25 (cf. 47) and 23 1, after 24; and read with 
 the LXX bM-c- , i before TDK'1 in 23 : required after the pause 21. 22° and 
 before the definite question that follows. In 27 read^rm with the LXX. 
 Restore the right order 29". 30". 29A 30°. Add i", at the beginning of 
 31 from the LXX; ami read n;n in 32, thus keeping the same subject 
 all through, and cbm in 33 with the LXX. In 36 read iri3pl with the LXX; 
 cf. xviii. 11. xxi. _' . -. Omit inn iDwba nbc' in 40: seeon 7. In 54 
 read Dp'l with i.xx. After 61" add ' And they came to Chebron. And 
 Abraham was dead' pp. 62 f). 6i b is out of place after 59-61", and 
 should follow 62 : add pnS'b. In 62 read -i2io _, JN format (cf. lxx) : 
 
 cf. XXV. II 1 '.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 65 
 
 xxii 
 
 10 
 1 1 
 
 1 .' 
 
 13 
 
 Elohistic. 
 the altar there, and laid the wood in order, and bound 
 
 lizehak his son, and laid him on the altar, upon the 
 wood. 10 And Abraham stretched forth his hand, and 
 took the knife to slay bis son. "But {the angel of 
 Iahveh} [Elohim] called unto him from the heavens, 
 and said, 'Abraham, Abraham'; and he said, ' Here 
 am I. 'Anil he -aid, 'Lay not thine hand upon the 
 tad, neither do thou anything unto him; for now I 
 know thou fearest Elohim s seeing thou basl Qoi with- 
 held thy son, thine only sun, from me.' ' And Abraham 
 lifted up Ins eyes, and looked, and behold {behind}, 
 a ram caughl in the thicket by his horns: and 
 Abraham went, and took the ram, and offered him up 
 tor a 1 uii.t offering in the stead of bis son. ["And 
 Abraham called the name of that place ' Iahveh-Iireh ' : as it is 
 said to this day, 'In the mount of Iahveh will he provi 
 
 'Hi • ii " ' I the angel of Iahveh called unto Abraham a 
 
 ond time from the heavens, ""'anil said, 'By myself have I 
 ■rn,' saith Iahveh, 'because then hast done this thing, and 
 hast not withheld thy son, thine only son: "that in blessing] 
 will bless thee, and in multiplying I will multiply thy seed as the 
 star-, of the heavens, and as the sand which i^ upon the 
 ihore ; and thy the gat< oi hi 1 1 m rnieg . 
 
 Fox xxv. 7 11'. ia 17. 10. 20. a6 b . xxvi. 34. 35, ee Pri< itlj Hi 
 I'.ook, pp. lOSf. xxv. 2i .''1". -'7 ;, 1 is out ol place before xxvi. 1 33 
 
 mly should xxvi. 7. s pre. .. 27 (Ribkah, aftei a period oi 
 
 sterility, the mother of grown-u] v. 2 1 follows well on xxvi. 
 
 33 (lizehak and Ribkah inqui ; hveh at the famous in me m 
 
 heba, Amo » 5. viil. t\ sometime the oracle may have 
 more thnn a n ' 01 ' No, 1 and given rhythmically as In xxi 
 
 and xxvii which follows badly on xx\i is a natural continuation oi 
 -■I .vi. This ordei is confirmed by the peculiarly composifa chai 
 of xxv. 21 20". 27 34, xxvii, 1 I.-. A [ahvi tii narrative, xxv. 21 15*, 
 iy 26". 27. 2S note 'Iahveh,' ai. jj; 'barren,' ji, cf. xi. 30; 'con« 
 
 ceived,' 21, cf. Iv. I. 17. xvi. 4. xxi. 2 xxvii. 1". 2 S\ <,''. 10. 1 )''. Ij, 17. 
 
 18*. io b . 20. 25. 11 mllar lines in Iv. 13. 14 be i« 
 
 1 
 
 14 
 
 IS 
 16
 
 66 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 IS 
 
 •9 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 XXV 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 Elohistic. 
 
 18 and in thy seed shall all the nations of the earth be blessed, in 
 that thou hast obeyed my voice.'} l9 And Abraham re- 
 turned unto his young men, and they rose up, and went 
 together to Beer-sheba ; and Abraham dwelt at Beer- 
 sheba. {-""And it came to pass after these things, that it was 
 told Abraham, saying, Behold, Milkah, she also hath borne 
 children unto thy brother Nachor ; " Uz his firstborn, and Buz 
 his brother, and Kemuel the father of Aram ; 22 and Kesed, and 
 Chazo, and Pildash, and Iidlaph, and Bethuel ; 23 and Bethuel 
 begat Ribkah. These eight did Milkah bear to Nachor, 
 Abraham's brother. 24 And his concubine whose name was 
 Reumah, she also bare Tebach, and Gacham, and Tachash, and 
 Maakah. 'And Abraham took another wife whose name was 
 Keturah. 2 And she bare him Zimran, and Iokshan, and Medan, 
 and Midian, and Iishbak, and Shuach. 3 And Iokshan begat 
 Sheba, and Dedan. And the sons of Dedan were the Asshurim, 
 and Letushim, and Leummim. 4 And the sons of Midian 
 were Ephah, and Epher, and Chanok, and Abidah, and Eldaah. 
 All these were the sons of Keturah. 5 And Abraham gave 
 all that he had unto Iizchak [his son.] 6 But unto the sons of 
 the concubines, which Abraham had, Abraham gave gifts ; and 
 he sent them away from Iizchak his son, while he yet lived, 
 eastward, unto the east country]. 
 
 60. xxv. 23; cf. xii. 3. Nos. xxiv. 9) 30" (cf. xxiv. 15. 19. 22. 45) 30 c . 
 3»- 33- 34- 37-4 2 - 43 c - 44"- 45 (' Iahveh,' 7. 20. 27; 'send me good 
 speed,' 20, cf. xxiv. 12; and note that Iizchak is here deceived by the 
 smell of Esav's clothes, 15. 26. 27) has been interspersed with fragments 
 of an Elohistic parallel, xxv. 25'' ('all over like a garment of hair,' 
 ' Sear,' identifying E^av with Mount ' Seir,' cf. xx vii. 1 1 . 23, is out of place 
 after 'admoni,' 'ruddy,' which identifies Esav with 'Edom') 29-34 
 'where the name 'Edom' is derived from the red colour of the lentils 
 and not of the infant Esav's skin, 25", and the name ' Iakob' from the 
 'over-reaching,' cf. xxvii. 36, in the matter of the birthright) xxvii. i b . 
 8 b . 9". 11-14". J 6- i8 b . 19". 21-24. 3° 1 '- 3 2 - 35- 3^- 43 b - 44 b (' My son . . . 
 Here am I,' i 1 ', ' My father . . . Here am I,' 18'', cf. xxii. 1. 7. 1 1 ; and 
 note that Iizchak is here deceived by the touch of the skins of the kids, 
 9*. 11-13. 16. 21-24). The meal in 25, and the doubt in 26, are out of
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 67 
 
 xxi 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 la And Iahveh visited Sarah as he had said. 2a And 
 Sarah conceived and bare Abraham a son in his old age, 
 [and called his name ' Iizchak ']. 7 And she said, ' Who 
 would have said unto Abraham that Sarah should give 
 suck ? for I have borne him a son in his old age.' * xxiv 
 
 1 And Abraham was old, far gone in days ; and 
 Iahveh had blessed Abraham in all things. 2 And 
 Abraham said unto his servant, the elder of his house, 
 who ruled over all that he had, ' Put, I pray thee, thy 
 hand under my thigh : 3 and I will make thee swear by 
 Iahveh {the God of the heavens and the God of the earth J that 
 thou shalt not take a wife for my son of the daughters 
 of the Kenaanite in whose midst I dwell : * but to my 
 land and to my kindred shalt thou go, and take a wife 
 for my son Iizchak [thence.' ] 'And the servant said unto 
 him, ' Peradventure the woman be not willing to follow 
 me unto this land : must I needs bring thy son again 
 unto the land whence thou earnest?' 'And Abraham 
 
 d unto him, 'Beware that thou bring not my son 
 thither again ; 7 Iahveh | the God ol the heaveni | who took 
 me from my father's house, and from the land of mj 
 nativity, and who spake unto me {and who ■ware onto mej 
 saying, Unto thy seed will I give this land ; [he shall » ad 
 
 ingel before thee J [he shall make thy way to prosper], 
 and thriu shalt take a wile for my SOI) thenOS. "And If 
 
 the woman be not willing to follow thee, tb n thou 
 
 ; after the bleating in j.V'; 27" bringi ol do farther than -.','. and 
 similarly 37 do farther than 34 ; jo* uj a dooblel of 30", and 45" "I 44' 
 As 24 is out of place after 23, and 25 which continue! 20. cannot follow 
 23, rearrange thus : 21. 22". 24. n h . ;->,. [a XXV. »ton 
 
 Ni*m as in [v. I. 25. xvi. 11. In xxvii. 27 add N 1 ;^ 'c with I 
 
 etc.; and in 37 add 'n*i with t.w. In xxvi, which therefore 
 
 its right place between xxiv. '17. xxv. ii 1 ' ef. xxiv. 62, and XXV, 21 II. 
 
 P 2
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXIV 
 
 10 
 
 i i 
 
 1 2 
 
 M 
 
 '? 
 
 [6 
 
 1- 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 shalt be clear from this my oath ; only thou shalt not 
 bring my son thither again.' 9 And the servant put his 
 hand under Abraham his master's thigh, and sware to 
 him concerning this thing. 10 And the servant took ten 
 camels, of the camels of his master, {and departed}, and 
 of all the goodly things of his master in his hand : and 
 he arose, and went to Aram of the two Rivers, unto the 
 city of Nachor. "And he made the camels to kneel 
 down without the city by the well of water at the time 
 of evening, the time that women go out to draw. n And 
 he said, ' O Iahveh, the God of my master Abraham, 
 send me, I pray thee, good speed this day, and shew 
 kindness unto my master Abraham. I8 Behold, I stand by 
 the fountain of water ; and the daughters of the men of 
 the city come out to draw ; H and let it come to pass 
 that the damsel to whom I shall say, Let down thy 
 pitcher, I pray thee, that I may drink, and who shall 
 say, Drink, and I will give thy camels drink also, — that 
 the same be she whom thou hast appointed for thy 
 servant Iizchak; and thereby shall I know that thou 
 hast shewed kindness unto my master.' 1<s And it came 
 to pass, before he had done speaking, that behold 
 Ribkah came forth, who was born to Bethuel the son of 
 Milkah, wife of Nachor, Abraham's brother, with her 
 pitcher upon her shoulder. lc And the damsel was very 
 fair to look upon, a virgin, neither had any man known 
 her : and she went down to the fountain, and filled her 
 pitcher and came up. l7 And the servant ran to meet 
 her, and said, ' Give me to drink, I pray thee, a little 
 water of thy pitcher.' 18 And she said, ' Drink, my 
 
 are considerable traces of the work of the compiler of IE. To fit 
 the Iahvistic passage xxvi. i ac 6-14. 16. 17. 19-33 ('Iahveh,' 12. 22.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 6y 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 lord/ and hasted and let down her pitcher upon her 
 hand, and gave him drink. l9 And when she had done 
 giving him drink, she said, ' For thy camels also will 
 I draw until they have done drinking.' 2U And she 
 hasted, and emptied her pitcher into the trough, and 
 ran again unto the well to draw, and drew for all his 
 camels. Jl And the man looked at her in silence, to 
 know if Iahveh had made his way to prosper or not. 
 Ka And it came to pass when the camels had done 
 drinking, 23a that he [asked her and] said, 'Whose 
 daughter art thou? tell me, I pray thee.' - 4 And she 
 i [unto him}, '] am Bethuel's daughter, son of Milkah, 
 whom she bare unto Nachor.' [And he said | '"Is there 
 room in thy father's house for us to lodge in ? ' '-"' And 
 she said unto him, ' Both straw and provenderin plenty 
 have we, and room to lodge in.' " b And the man took 
 [and set] a ring of gold of half a shekel weight [upon 
 her nose], and two I of ten shekel's weight of 
 
 gold upon her hands. -'And he bowed his head, and 
 worshipped [ahvi h, and said, ' Ble i 1 be Iahveh, the 
 god of ni_\ in. who hath not foi saken his 
 
 mercy and his truth toward m\ ma ti r : as for nir. in the 
 
 way hath Iahveh led me to the house of my master's 
 brother.' * And the damsel ran, and told her hum!, 
 house according to these thing And Ribkah had 
 
 ,i brother, and his name was Laban : ' and il i am 
 
 j when he saw the ring, and the bracelets upon 
 his sister's hands; and when he heard the woi 
 of Ribkah his I hu pake the man tinti i 
 
 me,' Mb that Laban ran out and went to the man 
 
 XXIV 
 
 !9 
 
 JO 
 
 21 
 
 22 a 
 23 a 
 
 .'j' 
 
 26 
 
 .-.,-' 
 
 
 1 1. 15, 28. 29; 'fail t" look npon,' J, cl 16; 'pit bed hii 
 
 tent, 1 ed ol tahveh,' 29, 31 ; ' called
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXIV 
 
 30 b 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 42 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 the fountain, and he came to the man} ; 30b and behold, he 
 stood by the camels at the fountain. 31 And he said [to 
 him], 'Come in, thou blessed of Iahveh ; wherefore 
 standest thou without ? for I have prepared the house, 
 and room for the camels.' 32 And he brought the man 
 into the house, and ungirded the camels, and gave 
 straw and provender to the camels, and water to wash 
 his feet and the men's feet who were with him ; 3S and he 
 set meat before him to eat. But he said, ' I will not eat 
 until I have spoken my speech.' And he said, ' Speak 
 34.35; on.' 34 And he said, 'I am Abraham's servant; 35 and 
 Iahveh hath blessed my master greatly that he is become 
 mighty; and he hath given him flocks and herds and 
 silver and gold and menservants and maidservants and 
 camels and asses. 36 And Sarah my master's wife bare 
 a son to my master in [his] old age, and unto him hath 
 he given all that he hath. 37 And my master made me 
 swear, saying, Thou shalt not take a wife for my son of 
 the daughters of the Kenaanite in whose land I dwell : 
 18 but unto my father's house shalt thou go, and to my 
 kindred, and take a wife for my son. S9 And I said 
 unto my master, Peradventure the woman will not 
 follow me. 40 And he said unto me, Iahveh, before 
 whom I walk, {will send his angel with thee, and} will make 
 thy way to prosper ; and thou shalt take a wife for my 
 son of my kindred, and of my father's house. 41 Then 
 only shalt thou be clear from my oath, if when thou 
 comest to my kindred they give not unto thee ; then thou 
 shalt be clear from my oath. 42 And I came to-day unto 
 the fountain, and said, O Iahveh, God of my master 
 
 the name of Iahveh,' 25, cf. iv. 26. xii. 8) into his narrative after 
 xii. (j — xiii. 1, and the Elohistic parallel, xx. 1— 17. xxi. 22. 23. (pp. 42 f.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 71 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 Abraham, if now thou do make my way to prosper in 
 which I go, 43 behold I stand by the fountain of water ; 
 and let it come to pass that the maiden who cometh 
 forth to draw, to whom I shall say, Give me I pray thee, 
 a little water of thy pitcher to drink; 44 and who shall 
 say to me, Both drink thou, and for thy camels also will 
 1 draw; that the same be the woman whom Iahveh 
 hath appointed for my master's son. 45 And before 
 I had done speaking in mine heart, behold, Ribkah 
 came forth with her pitcher on her shoulder; and she 
 went down unto the fountain and drew ; and I said unto 
 her, Let me drink, I pray thee. ' And she made haste, 
 and let down her pit( her from her, and said, Drink, and 
 to [thy] camels abo (will I] give drink; and I drank, 
 and she made the camels drink also. * 7 And I asked her, 
 and said, Whose daughter art thou? and she said, 
 daughter, son of Nachor whom Milkah bare 
 unto him. And 1 put the ring upon her nose, and the 
 bracelets upon her hands ; '" and I bowed my head, and 
 worshipped Iahveh, and blessed [ahveh, my master 
 Abraham's God, who \\-o\ led me in the righl way to 
 take my master's brother's daughter for his son. '' And 
 now, if ye will deal kindly and truly with my master, 
 tell me ; and if not, tell me, thai I may turn to the right 
 hand or tin- left.' "And Laban and Bethuel answered 
 1 1 id said, 'From [ahveh proceedeth this thing] we 1 
 noi unto thee bad or good; ?' behold, Ribkah is 
 
 before thee, lake hi 1 and go, and lei her l><- wife for the 
 son of thy ma Iahveh hath Bpoken.' 'And ii 
 
 came to pa - when Abraham's jervanl heard then 
 
 XXIV 
 
 43 
 
 44 
 
 45 
 
 46 
 
 47 
 
 19 
 
 50 
 51 
 
 6 a 
 
 56 ft, be bai added i' 1 . 'betide the fit t famine that wai In the <lny-. 
 ■ if Abraham,' xii. 10 a.1. -.miliar additions, xlii. ,;'•. xvi. i). xviii. u [:
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 56 
 
 57 
 58 
 
 59 
 60 
 
 61 
 62 
 
 6i b 
 63 
 
 64 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 words, he bowed himself down to the earth unto 
 Iahveh. 58 And the servant brought forth jewels of 
 silver and jewels of gold and garments, and gave them 
 to Ribkah ; and he gave precious things to her brother 
 and to her mother. r ' 4 And they did eat and drink, he 
 and the men who were with him, and tarried all night. 
 And he rose up in the morning, and said, 'Send me 
 away to m\ master. 55 And her brother and her mother 
 said, ' Let the damsel abide with us some ten days, and 
 after that she shall go.' r ' G But he said unto them, 
 ' Hinder me not, seeing that Iahveh hath made my way 
 to prosper ; send me away that I may go to my master.' 
 And thr\- said, ' We will call the damsel, and inquire 
 at her mouth.' 58 And they called Ribkah, and said 
 unto her, ' Wilt thou go with this man ? ' And she said, 
 ■ I will go.' 59 And they sent away Ribkah their sister 
 and her nurse, and the servant of Abraham and his 
 men, 6lJ and blessed Ribkah, and said unto her, 
 ' Our sister art thou : 
 Become thousands and ten thousands, 
 And thy seed possess the gate of their foes ! ' 
 ' ' And Ribkah arose and her damsels, and rode upon the 
 camels and went after the man. [And they came to 
 Chebron. Now Abraham was dead;] 62 and lizchak 
 , was returned from j [was gone to the wilderness of] the 
 well of Lachairoi, and he dwelt in the land of the south. 
 And the servant took Ribkah, and went his way 
 [to come unto lizchak]. 63 And lizchak went out one 
 evening to lament in the field ; and he lifted up his eyes, 
 and behold, camels were coming. Gi And Ribkah lifted up 
 
 xxii. 15, ; 15 which interrupts 14. 16) and 18 (which interrupts 17. 19) 
 to explain a second digging of wells in the valley of Gerar, xxi. 25,
 
 '•: 
 
 XXV 
 
 I I 
 
 xxvi 
 I 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. ;. 
 
 Iahvistic. xxiv 
 
 her eyes and saw Iizchak ; and she lighted off die camel, j 
 58 and said unto the servant, ' What man is this that 65 
 walketh in the field to meet us?' And the servant said, 
 ' It is my master.' And she took her veil and covered 
 herself. w And the servant told Iizchak all the things that 66 
 he had done. GT And Iizchak brought her into the tent 
 •J of his mother Sarah }. And he took Ribkah, and she be- 
 came his wife, and he loved her. And Iizchak was com- 
 forted after his [mother's} [father's] death. llb And 
 Iizchak dwelt by the well of Lachairoi. 'And there- 
 was a famine in the land, {beside the first famine that 
 was in the days of Abraham}. And Iizchak went unto 
 Abimelech, king of the Pelishtim, unto Gerar. ;-.\nd 
 Iahveh appeared unto him. and said,' Go not down into Mizraiim ; 
 dwell in the land which I shall tell thee of: 'sojourn in this land, 
 and I will be with thee, and will bless thee; for onto thee, and 
 unto thy seed will 1 give all these lands, and 1 will establish the 
 oath which I sware unto Abraham thy father; ' and I will mul- 
 tiply thy seed as the ^tai* of the heavens, and I will give unto thy 
 seed all these lands; and in thy seed shall all ti I the 
 
 eartli he blessed, 'in that Abraham obeyed my voice, and kept 
 in;, charge, my commandments, my statutes, and my law 
 
 :,<\ Iizchak dwell in Gerar: T and i\^- men of the 
 place asked him of his wil I he said, ' She is my 
 
 sister': for he feared lo say, ' My wife,' lest 'the men 
 of the place should kill me for Ribkah': for she was 
 lair to look upon. ' An<l il 1 ame to pa S, when he had 
 been there some time, thai Abimelech king ol the 
 Pelishtim looked oul of the window, and saw, 
 behold, Iizchak was sporting with Ribkah his wife. 
 And Abimi lei b « ailed Ii/.c bak, and s.nd. 'Bel 
 
 in 19. 31. 25. 32 Iizchak and hi> lervantl arc unquestionably 
 wells here for the lira time, as their nairn I prove ; cf. ' found,' 33 ; DOI 
 
 6.7
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXVI 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 [3 
 
 '4 
 
 16 
 [8 
 
 "J 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 a surety she is thy wife : and how saidst thou, She is my 
 sister?' And Iizchak said unto him, 'Because I said, 
 Lest I die through her.' 10 And Abimelech said, ' What 
 is this thou hast done unto us? one of the people might 
 lightly have lien with thy wife, and thou wouldst have 
 brought transgression upon us.' "And Abimelech 
 charged all the people, saying, ' He that toucheth this 
 man or his wife shall surely be put to death.' 12 And 
 Iizchak sowed in that land, and found in that same 
 year an hundredfold ; and Iahveh blessed him. l3 And 
 the man waxed great, and grew more and more until 
 he became very great, u and he had possessions of 
 flocks, and possessions of herds, and a large household ; 
 and the Pelishtim envied him. { 15 And all the wells which 
 his father's servants had digged in the days of Abraham his father 
 the Pelishtim had stopped them, and filled them with earth}. 
 10 And Abimelech said unto Iizchak, 'Go from us; for 
 thou art become much mightier than we.' n And 
 Iizchak departed thence and encamped in the valley of 
 Gerar, and dwelt there. { l8 And Iizchak digged again the wells 
 of water, which they had digged in the days of Abraham his 
 father ; for the Pelishtim had stopped them after Abraham's 
 death : and he called their names after the names by which his 
 father had called them}. l9 And Iizchak's servants digged 
 in the valley, and found there a well of flowing water. 
 20 And the herdmen of Gerar did strive with Iizchak's 
 herdmen, saying, 'The water is ours': and he called 
 the name of the well ' Esek' (' contention'), because 
 they had contended with him. 21 And they digged 
 another well ; and they strove for that also : and he 
 called the name of it ' Sitnah' ('strife'). 22 And he 
 
 would it be policy for the men of Gerar to ' fill in,' 18, the wells they 
 wanted to use, 20, ; and 2-5, one of the compiler's characteristic
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 75 
 
 Iahvistic. xxvi 
 
 removed thence, and digged another well ; and for that 
 they strove not : and he called the name of it ' Recho- 
 both ' (' open spaces '), and said, ' For now Iahveh hath 
 made room for us, and we shall be fruitful in the land. 
 23 And he went up from thence to Beer-sheba. 24 And 23.24 
 Iahveh appeared unto him the same night, and said, ' I 
 am the God of Abraham thy father: fear not, for I am with 
 thee, and will bless thee, and multiply thy seed, for m\ 
 servant Abraham's sake.' 25 And he built an altar there, 
 and called upon the name of Iahveh ; and he pitched 
 his tent there ; and there the servants of Iizchak digged 
 a well. M And Abimelech went unto him from Gerar, 
 and Achuzzath his minister, and Phikol the captain of 
 his host. "And Iizchak said unto them, 'Wherefore 
 
 ye come unto me, seeing that ye hate me, and 1 
 sent me away from you?' "And they said. 'We saw 
 ■ learly that Iahveh was with thee, and we said. Lei 
 there m in oath betwixl u- even betwixl us and 
 
 thee, and let us make a covenant with thee; "that 
 thou wilt do us no hurt since we ha\>- neither touched 
 thee, nor done unto thee anything bul good, and have 
 sent thee away in peace: thou art now the blessed oi 
 
 Iahveh.' "' And h<- mad.- th< m a f< t, and th«-\ did I at 30 
 
 and drink. ' And they rose up early in the morning, 31 
 hi l ■■ ire one to another: and Iizchak Benl them away, 
 and they departed from him in pea< e. ' And il 1 ami 
 to pa • the ame day, that Iizchak's servants came and 
 told him of the well which the) had digged, and said 
 unto him ' We have found wat And he 1 ailed il 
 
 tiibah ' ('oath ') : therefore the name of the i itj 
 
 interpolations, -.f which we have had 'I '7- **»•« 
 
 if 1-.: not* the strong resemblance of a-fi to ucil. i{ 
 
 JS 
 
 »9
 
 76 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xxi 
 
 33 
 
 XXV 
 21 
 
 23 
 
 -4 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 ' Beer-Sheba ' (' well of the oath ') unto this day. 
 13 And he planted a tamarisk tree in Beer-sheba, and 
 tailed there on the name of Iahveh {El Everlasting}. 
 And Iizchak intreated Iahveh for [Ribkah] his wife, be- 
 cause she was barren : and Iahveh hearkened unto him, 
 and his wife Ribkah conceived. 22 But the children 
 struggled together within her, and she said, ' If it be 
 thus, why should I live ? ' and she went to inquire of 
 Iahveh: 23 and Iahveh said unto her, 
 
 ' Two nations are in thy body, 
 
 And two nations shall break apart from thy womb : 
 
 And one shall be mightier than the other, 
 
 And the elder shall serve the younger.' 
 
 -' And when her days to be delivered were fulfilled, 
 
 behold, there were twins in her womb. 25a And the 
 
 first came out ruddy (admoni) * * * * 
 
 the heavens', ' all the nations of the earth ' ), and Deuteronomic ex- 
 pressions in 5, cf. Deut. v. 10. 31. \i. 1. 20. vii. 11. xi. 1. xxvi. 16. 
 1 7. xxviii. 1 ;. 
 
 xxvii.46-x.wiii. y see Priestly Hist. 13k., pp. i6y f. The Iahvistic 
 narrative is continued in xxviii. 10 (cf. xxvi. 23 ft; xxvii. 43) 11". 13 
 C Iahveh' stands by Iakob's side) 14 (cf. xii. 1-3, esp. 'in thee shall all 
 the families of the ground be blessed ' ; xxvi. 24) i6 b (' Iahveh,' cf. 13) 
 17* (cf. l6 b ; ' Elohim ' required by the name ' Bethel ') 19" ^interrupts 
 j S. 20; cf. 17' , tut has been interwoven with an Elohistic parallel, 
 xxviii. n 1 '. 12 ('Elohim'; 'dream,' cf. xx. 3. xxii. I. 3; vision of 
 angels, not a direct theophany as in 13) i6 a (cf. u 1 ') 1 7 b ('gate of 
 heaven,' cf. 12) 18 (cf. n b , 20. 21". 22" ('Elohim,' 20: vow at the 
 in.izzevah, cf. u b . 18). Editorial glosses are 15 ('And, behold' etc. ; 
 anticipates 20 ; ly' 1 (' but the name of the city was Luz at the first ' ; cf. 
 xxxv. 6, where, according to the Priestly Hist. Pk., Iakob consecrates 
 the shrine at Bethel on his return from Laban ; pp. 173 f) ; 2i b (' and 
 Iahveh shall be my god'; interrupts 21". 22 a , and is certainly not 
 Elohistic ; cf. ' Elohim ' in 20 ; and cf. 15) ; 22 b (' and of all that thou
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 
 And [she] called 
 his name 'Esav' ('rough'). 
 26a And after that came his 
 brother out, and his hand 
 had hold on Esav's heel 
 (iakeb),and [she] called his 
 name 'Iakob' ('heeler'). 
 -' And the boys grew : and 
 .was a cunning hunter, 
 a man of the field ; but 
 Iakob was a quiet man 
 dwelling in tents. a And 
 Ii/.ihak loved Esav, be- 
 i ause he did eat of his 
 venison : but Ribkah lo 
 Iakob. ' ' And it came to 
 pass when Ii/.< hakwas old, 
 and his ey< dim so 
 
 that he ' ould not see, he 
 < ailed Esav his elder son, 
 2 and said. ' Behold now. I 
 mii old, I know not the 
 
 of in}' death. :; Now 
 therefore take I pray thee, 
 thy weapons, thy quiver 
 and thy bow, and go out 
 
 in- field, and tal e mc 
 venison, ' and make me 
 dainty n i h a I l< 
 
 and bring it me that I may 
 
 Elohistic. 
 
 25b all-over like a garmenl 
 of hair (sear) * * 
 
 - And lakoh sod potta 
 and Esav came in from 
 the field, and was taint : 
 so and Esav said to Iakob, 
 ' Give me now of that red- 
 stuff (adorn) to eat. for I 
 am faint.' Therefore was 
 his name called ' Edom ' 
 ('red'). S1 And Iakob 
 I, 'Sell me first thy 
 birthright.' A.nd I 
 said, • Behold, I am about 
 to die, and of \\ ha1 use is 
 this birthrighl to n 
 
 Ami lakoh aid. • Swear 
 to me first.' And he 
 -wan- unto him, and Bold 
 birthrighl unto [akoh. 
 1 A ml [akoh gave Esav 
 br< ad a ad pottage of len- 
 tils : and he ,-ite and 
 drank, and rose up and 
 u . 1 1 1 his way ; and I 
 di pi • d hi l»ii t bright . 
 
 ' ''And Baid unto him. ' M 
 son ' : and he -;iid unto 
 him, ' Here am I.' 
 
 XXV 
 
 _, .1. 
 26" -•<> 
 
 30 
 
 -: 
 
 
 XXVll 
 
 33 
 
 -■ ;,t 
 
 shalt give mc- I will rarely give a tenth to thee ' ; note and pi • 
 
 of 7,rd pcrs. in 20. 2i\ 2t n , : and 14 may have led m the
 
 ?8 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xxvii 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 eat, that my soul may bless 
 
 Elohistic. 
 
 5 
 
 thee before I die.' 6 And 
 Rihkah heard when Iiz- 
 chak spake to Esav his 
 son. And Esav went to 
 the field to hunt for veni- 
 
 
 6 
 
 son, and to bring it. 6 And 
 Ribkah spake unto Iakob 
 her son, saying, ' Behold, 
 I heard thy father speak 
 unto Esav thy brother, 
 
 
 7 
 
 saying, 7 Bring me venison 
 and make me dainty meat, 
 that I may eat and bless 
 thee before Iahveh before 
 
 
 8 a 
 
 my death. 8a Now there- 
 
 
 .,''. 8 b 
 
 fore my son, 9b I will make 
 
 8b< Obey my voice in what 
 
 9 a 
 
 (themj dainty meat for thy 
 
 I command thee. 9 * Go 
 
 
 father, such as he lovelh, 
 
 now to the flock, and fetch 
 
 JO 
 
 10 and thou shalt bring it to 
 
 me thence two good kids 
 
 
 thy father that he may eat, 
 
 of the goats.' * * 
 
 
 and so bless thee before his 
 
 ***** 
 
 spirit of xiii. 14-17. xviii. 17-19. xxii. 17. 18. xxix is Iahvistic: note 
 ' Iahveh,' 31, 32, 33, 35 ; ' lifted up his voice and wept,' II, cf. xxvii. 
 38, but also xxi. 16 ; ' ran to meet him,' 13, cf. xviii. 2 ; xxiv. 17 ; ' my 
 bone and my flesh,' 14, cf. ii. 23 ; ' fair to look upon,' 17, cf. xii. II. 
 xxiv. 16. xxvi. 7 ; ' a few days,' 20, cf. xxvii. 44 ; ' younger and firstborn,' 
 16, cf. xix. 31 ft. xxv. 23 ; ' barren,' 31, cf. xi. 30. xxv. 21 ; ' conceived 
 and bare,' 'she called his name,' 32 ff, cf. iv. 1. 25. xxi. 2\ xxv. 21 ; 
 with 4. 5 cf. xi. 29. 30. xxvii. 43. xxviii. 10 ; with 31° cf. xvi. 2 ; with 
 32*' cf. xvi. 11 ; with 32. 33 cf. xxvi. 22. In 8 read lab'jzn, cf. 3 ; in 27 
 read jnHl with i.xx, cf. JrVl, 28; in 34 read nMTp with i.xx, cf. 32. 35. 
 24 — 'And Laban gave Zilpah his handmaid unto his daughter Leah 
 for an handmaid' — which interrupts 23. 25; and 29 — 'And Laban
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 79 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 death.' M b And his mother 
 made dainty meat such as 
 his father loved. 1G And 
 Ribkah {ook the goodly 
 raiment of Esav her elder 
 son which were with her 
 in the house and put them 
 upon Iakob her younger 
 son. 17 And she gave the 
 dainty meat and the bread 
 which she had prepared 
 into the hand of her son 
 Iakob. lHa And he came 
 unto his father, and said, 
 ,,b Arise, I pray thee, sit 
 and eat of my venison that 
 thy soul may bless me. 1 
 !id Iizchak said unto 
 his son, ' How is it that 
 thou liasi found ii 
 quickly, my son ? ' And 
 he said, ' Because Iahveh 
 thy( lod hath sent me good 
 !. And he Baid, 
 
 Elohistic 
 11 And Iakob said to I\ib- 
 kah his mother, ' Be- 
 hold. Esav my brother is 
 a hairy man, and I am a 
 smooth man : u my father 
 peradventure will feel me, 
 and I shall be as a mocker 
 in his eyes, and bring a 
 curse upon inc. and not a 
 blessing.' u And his mother 
 said unto him, ' Upon me 
 be thy curse, my son : 
 
 only obey my voice and 
 
 go fetch me i linn.' "A ml 
 
 he went and fetched, and 
 brought them to his 
 mother. "And .-la' pul 
 the Bkins of tlir kids ol 
 t la' goats upon his hands, 
 
 and upon the smooth of 
 his neck. * * 
 
 18b '.My lather': and he 
 said, ' 1 l'i'' am I : u hich 
 art thou, my -"ii '.' l, *And 
 
 XXVll 
 
 I 4 l 'l 1 
 
 15 
 
 17 
 
 i.; 
 
 is :l 
 
 'C 1 
 
 I'/' 
 
 i'. 
 
 JO 
 
 is>> 
 
 
 j;avc to Rachel bis daughter, Bilhab hit handmaid to be I" < band 
 maid' which interrupts - ,v i- 30, an- probably 'Priesl . •'■ 
 
 xlvi. 18. 25. 
 
 xxx contain-, the continuation "I VOX 1 [cf. xxix. .',1 J ■■••I 1 1 •' 
 [*33M belongs equally to a b and . , eived and 
 
 r>" [read pvi for in'i, and restore mrp] 7['< "i" 1 m d and 
 B" 9 [cf. 1 ; • left bearing/ cf. xxix. 35] 10-13. 13* [cf. u o 16 ['lie 
 with,' cf. xix. 33 ff ; in [j read ^n u foj n- and ;: u m foi ;:- with 
 with 16 cf. xxiv. 63] i; 1, 19. ao° [' conceived and bare," called bi nam ':
 
 So 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xxvn 
 
 2] 
 
 26 
 
 27 22' 
 
 24 
 
 22' 
 
 23 
 
 2S 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 ' Bring it near to me, and 
 I will cat of my son's 
 venison, that my soul may 
 bless thee.' Andhe brought 
 it near to him. and he ate ; 
 and he brought him wine, 
 and he drank. M And his 
 father Iizchak said unto 
 him. ' Come near now, and 
 kiss me, my son.' 27 And 
 he came near, and kissed 
 him ; and he smelled the 
 smell of his raiment. And 
 he blessed him, and said, 
 ' See, the smell of my son 
 'Is like the smell of a 
 
 field [in harvest], 
 ' Which Iahveh hath 
 blessed : 
 ■ May Elohim give thee 
 ' Of the dew of heaven, 
 • And the fatness of the 
 earth, 
 
 Elohistic. 
 Iakob said unto his father, 
 'I am Esav thy firstborn; 
 I have done according as 
 thou bade s t me. 21 And 
 Iizchak said unto Iakob, 
 ' Come near, I pray thee, 
 that T may feel thee, my 
 son, whether thou be my 
 very son Esav or not.' 
 22a And Iakob went near 
 unto Iizchak his father; 
 and he felt him, 24 and 
 said, 'Art thou my very 
 son Esav 1 ' And he said, 
 'I am.' 22b And he said, 
 ' The voice is the voice of 
 Iakob, but the hands are 
 the hands of Esav ' : 2,, and 
 he discerned him not, be- 
 cause his hands were 
 hairy, like the hands of 
 his brother Esav. And 
 he blessed him. 
 
 cf. xxix. 34] 22 c [cf. 2. xxix. 31] 23" ['conceived and bare 'J 24 [' Iahveh'; 
 read 23". 24''", misplaced through 23''] 25 [cf. 24] 27 [' If now I have 
 found favour in thine eyes,' cf. xviii. 3; 'Iahveh'] 29 [add npr' with 
 l.xx] 30 ['spread forth,' xxviii. 14 ; ' Iahveh hath blessed,' cf. 27] 31-36 
 [the text is involved but contains no contradiction: after the removal 
 that day of all the piebald goats and black sheep from the flock, hence- 
 forward all the piebald and black should be Iakob' s, all else accounted 
 stolen ; but the wily Laban effects the removal himself; in 36 read D3>2 
 with i.xx] 37-39 [Iakob works on the imagination of the ewes, and 
 makes thern bring forth piebalds and blacks] 40"° [Iakob separates his 
 own lambs from the rest] 41-43 ['spread forth,' cf. 30; cf. xiii. 2. 5.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 8! 
 
 XXV 11 
 
 29 
 
 30 b And Iakob was scarce 
 gone out from the presence 
 of Iizchak his father 
 
 30" 
 
 30 l 
 
 Iahvistie. Elohistic. 
 
 ' And plenty of corn and 
 wine. 
 29 ' Let nations serve thee, 
 ' And peoples bow down 
 
 to thee : 
 
 'Be lord overthy brethren, 
 
 ' And let thy mother's 
 
 sons bow down to 
 
 thee : 
 
 ' Cursed be he that cur- 
 
 seth thee, 
 'And blessed be he that 
 blesseth thee.' 
 30 'And it came to pass, as 
 soon as Iizclmk had made 
 an end of blessing Iakob, 
 30c that Esav his brother 
 came in from his hunting. 
 n And he also made < Liinty 
 meat and brought it unto 
 bis father; and he said 
 unto his father, ' Let my 
 fatlf , and 1 al oi bis 
 
 son's venison, that thy soul 
 
 xxiv. 35. xxvi. 14 . but also fragments of an Elohistic paralli 
 I ■him '] 6* ['Elohim'; 'judged* anticipates 'heard my voice,' and 
 a parallel etymology] 8* 'Elohim'; 'Naphtali' named from 
 Elohii 'ling, not Rachel's] i.V' fa second etymology] 17" 
 
 ['Elohim'] is ['Elohim'; 'Sachar,' the child paid to Leah by Elohim 
 for having given her handmaid to Iakob, not the love-applet paid to 
 Rachel by I eah fur [akob 1 • ompanj . 1 | [6] -jo 1, | ' JOloh i m ' ; derivation 
 of the name from ' Zebadani *] aa b [' Elohim,' cf. 17'! -'.'.' ['Elohim'; 
 ' Ioscph ' derived from tn-, not »}pV, 34**] 16. ^s [fit well together; 
 shorter parallel to j; 19 .',i' 40* interrnpta (O* , with s different 
 
 G 
 
 3o c 
 
 3'
 
 Ba 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXVll 
 
 33 3^ 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 
 34 
 
 37 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 may bless me.' 33 And 
 Iizchak trembled very ex- 
 ceedingly, and said, ' Who 
 then is he that hath taken 
 venison, and brought it me 
 that I have eaten of all be- 
 fore thou earnest, and have 
 blessed him ? and he shall 
 be blessed.' 34 [And it came 
 to pass] when Esav heard 
 the words of his father, he 
 cried with an exceeding 
 great and bitter cry, and 
 said unto his father, ' Bless 
 me, even me also, O my 
 father.' 37 And Iizchak an- 
 swered and said unto Esav, 
 ' Behold, I have made him 
 thy lord, and all his breth- 
 ren have I given to him for 
 slaves, and with corn and 
 wine have I upheld him : 
 
 Elohistic. 
 32 And Iizchak his father 
 said unto him, ' AV r hich art 
 thou 1 ' And he said, ' I 
 am thy son, thy firstborn. 
 Esav.' 85 And he said, 
 ' Thy brother hath come 
 with subtlety, and taken 
 away thy blessing! ' S6 And 
 he said, ' Is he not rightly 
 named "Iakob" 1 ? for he 
 hath over-reached (iakab) 
 me these two times : he 
 took away my birthright ; 
 and behold, now he hath 
 taken away my blessing.' 
 And he said, ' Hast thou 
 not kept a blessing for 
 me?' 
 
 account]). The hand of the editor can be traced in 4* (' And she gave 
 him Bilhah her handmaid to wife ' — which interrupts 3. 4 b , cf. xxix. 24. 
 29) ; in 21 (' And afterwards she bare a daughter, and called her name 
 "Dinah"' — which is loosely connected, and the only reference to a 
 daughter in this list ; daughters are mentioned in xxxvii. 35, but not by 
 name ; for ' Dinah ' cf. xxxiv) ; in 22" (' Elohim remembered Rachel,' an 
 expression from the Priestly Hist, lik., cf. viii. 1. ix. 15. xix. 29. Ex. vi. 
 5] ; in 35 (read D'Tpan for D'nprn, cf. 40'') ; and in 39 (omit D'Tpr, 
 cf. 40'',. 
 
 For xxxi. i8 b see Priestly Hist. lik. p. 171. xxxi is mainly Elohistic 
 '2. 4-9 [' Elohim,' 7. 9 ; 'face of Laban,' 5, cf. 2 ; ' the god of my father 
 with me,' 5, cf. xxviii. 20; Iakob's complaint, 7, 'changed my wages
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 83 
 
 Iahvistic. xxvii 
 
 and what therefore shall I do for thee, my son? ' s8 And 3§ 
 Esav said unto his father, ' Hast thou but one blessing, 
 my father 1 bless me, even me also, O my father.' And 
 Esav lifted up his voice and wept. 39 And Iizchak 39 
 his father answered and said unto him, 
 
 ' Behold, thy dwelling shall be far from the fatness 
 
 of the earth, 
 ' And far from the dew of heaven from above. 
 40< And by thy sword shalt thou live, and thy brother 
 shalt thou serve : 
 1 But it shall come to pass that thou shalt strive, 
 ' And shalt shake his yoke from off thy neck ! ' 
 41 And Esav hated Iakob because of the blessing 
 wherewith his father blessed him : and Esav said in 
 his heart, ' The days of mourning for my father are at 
 hand; then will I slay my brother Iakob.' "And the 
 words of Esav her elder son were told to Ribkah ; 
 and she sent and called Iakob her younger son, 
 and said unto him, 'Behold, thy brother Esav, as 
 touching thee, doth comfort himself to slay thee. 
 
 ten times': nothing of tins in xxx ; ' ringstraked,' 8, < f. xxx. 40*] 11 
 
 [' Iakol.' . . . 'Urn- am I.' cf. xxii. 1. 11. xxvii. 1 ; ' dream, 1 as in xxviii. 
 
 12] 13 [cf. xxv iii. 18. 20] 14-16 i • Elohim,' 16, if. 11] 19. 20". 2i" c . 22. 
 2 3*- '5* 2 4- »5* l nt the end of seven dayi' journey, -ii evening, I aban 
 encamps on the E- dope "i Mm. Gilead, not knowing that iakob waa 
 encamped on the W. lidi of the mountain; thai nighl Elohim warm 
 Laban not to injure iakob, whom Ik- overtakes next morning; 'dream,' 
 as in 1 1, cf. xx. 3] 26 ( cf. 20] 28. 29 'Elohim'; cf. 14] 30 ['god 
 
 t I'i. in .,.• add, 'And iakob said,' with lxx] 36 .ji [cf, 
 (>. 7; very differenl lervice, nox. 37 42] 49 ['Elohim'; cf. 34. 19] 43. 
 44. 45 [omit ' iakob,' cf. 43, and 51 i 'which I Laban have iel np'] 5] 
 [omit ' Behold this mound, and '] 5,2 [ omit ' Thii mound be witni m, and 
 ii,- pillar ' . . . ' and thii pillar,' and thus rend. 51. ga : 'h rM^ir\ nin 
 njnb mn 'n-rm...' 1 ) 'w dc mr '31 ''a 'v] 53 [omit 'the j: imI ol 
 
 g 2
 
 M 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xxvn 
 . ac 
 
 I'.' 
 
 •H 
 
 43 
 
 •14 
 
 XXVUl 
 
 10 
 
 II 1 
 
 13 
 
 12 
 
 14 
 
 i6 a 
 
 >7' 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 43ac Now therefore, arise, 
 flee thou to Laban my 
 brother, to Charan, 44 ft and 
 tarry with him a few 
 days, 45 until thy bro- 
 ther's anger turn away 
 from thee, and he forget 
 what thou hast done to 
 him ; then I will send and 
 fetch thee thence : why 
 should I be bereaved of 
 you both in one day ? ' 
 10 And Iakob went out 
 from Beersheba, and went 
 toward Charan. na And 
 he lighted on a certain 
 place, and tarried there all 
 night : for the sun was set. 
 "And behold, Iahveh stood 
 beside him, and said, ' I 
 am Iahveh, the God of 
 Abraham thy father, and 
 the God of Iizchak : the 
 land whereon thou liest to 
 thee will I give it, (and to 
 thy seed ; " and thy seed shall 
 be as the dust of the earth, and 
 thou shalt spread forth to the 
 west, and to the east, and to the 
 north, and to the south} and 
 in thee {and in thy seed] 
 
 Elohistic. 
 
 '■ h ' My son, obey my voice ' 
 
 44 b< until thy brother's 
 fury turn away.' 
 
 11 b And he took of the stones' 
 of the place, and put one 
 under his head, and lay 
 down in that place to sleep. 
 
 12 And he dreamed, and 
 behold, a ladder set up on 
 the earth ; and the top of 
 it reached to the heavens. 
 And behold, the angels of 
 Elohim ascended and de- 
 scended on it. 16a And 
 when Iakob awoke from 
 his sleep, he said, 17c ' This 
 
 their father,' a weak attempt to identify the god of Abraham, and the 
 if Nachor, which are different, cf. pL 1VDV; ' the Awe of Iizchak,'
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 85 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 shall all the families of the 
 ground be blessed.' {"'And 
 
 behold, I am with thee, and 
 will keep thee whithersoever 
 thou goest, and I will bring 
 thee again unto this ground ; 
 for I will not leave thee until I 
 have done what I have spoken 
 to thee of.'} 17 "And [Iakob] 
 was afraid, and said, 
 ' How awful is this place! 
 
 16 b Surely Iahveh was in 
 thisplaceand I knew it not! 
 
 17 b This is none other but 
 anhouseofElohim.' "And 
 he called the name of 
 that place Beth-El (' El's 
 
 house '), ( tut the name of the 
 dty was Luz at the fit 
 
 'And Iakob lifted up his 
 feet, and came to the land 
 of the Bona of the cast. 
 2 Aml he looked, and be- 
 hold a well was in the 
 field, and lo, three flocks 
 of sheep were there lying 
 bj il ; for out of that well 
 
 Elohistic. 
 is the gate of the heavens ! ' 
 18 And early in the morn- 
 ing Iakob rose up, and 
 took the stone that he had 
 put under his head, and 
 set it up for a pillar, and 
 poured oil upon the top of 
 it. 20 And Iakob vowed a 
 vow, saying, ' If Elohim 
 will lie with me, and will 
 keep me in this way that 
 I go, and will give me 
 bread to eat, and raiment 
 to put on, 21 so that I conic 
 ii'juin to my father's house 
 in peace, then {iahveh shall 
 be my God, and} 22 this stone 
 which I have Bel up for 
 
 a pillar, shall be for an 
 bouse of Elohim ' | Bel h 
 
 El[ohim]) {and of all that 
 thou shalt give me I will surerj 
 give the tenth unto th< 
 
 xxvm 
 
 1 5 iS 
 
 17 -'o 
 
 [6 b 
 
 "J 
 
 22 
 
 XXI \ 
 1 
 
 cf. 42] 47 1 ' omit 'And Labu called it tegai Sahadutha,' which I 
 unnei ■• Laban'i daughter! at any rate, in then own land, 
 
 1 1 ! cf. xxxix. 3 1 -xxx. 24]), bnl contain! lahvJ tic fragment 
 
 in continuation of 1.3 read na'B'M%c£ xxxii. 9. 12; no refereno 
 
 to 3 in 4, cf. 13; 'Iahveh'; 'kindred,' cf. xii t. xxh 1 17 antidpati 
 20. 21"] 2I 1, [interrupt! »i M ; cr ,- > repeated from 17; 'river,' cf, xxiv- 
 10J 2,V c [disarrange! 13*. 24, and ant -i; [parallel pi 26
 
 86 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXIX 
 
 TO 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 
 >3 
 
 M 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 they watered the flocks. And the stone was great upon 
 the mouth of the well. 3 And thither used all the flocks 
 to be gathered. And they were wont to roll the stone 
 from the mouth of the well, and water the sheep, and to 
 put the stone again upon the mouth of the well in its 
 place. *And Iakob said unto them, ' My brethren, whence 
 be ye?' And they said, 5 'From Charan are we.' And he 
 said unto them, ' Know ye Laban, the son of Nachor?' 
 6 And they said, ' We know him.' And he said unto 
 them, ' Is it well with him?' And they said, ' It is well ; 
 and, behold, Rachel his daughter, cometh with the 
 sheep.' 7 And he said, 'Lo, it is yet high day, neither 
 is it time that the cattle should be gathered together : 
 water ye the sheep, and go and feed them.' 8 And 
 they said, ' We cannot, until all the flocks be gathered 
 together; then [we] roll the stone from the mouth of 
 the well, and water the sheep.' 9 While he yet spake 
 with them, Rachel came with her father's sheep; for 
 she kept them. 10 And it came to pass, when Iakob 
 saw Rachel the daughter of Laban his mother's brother, 
 and the sheep of Laban his mother's brother, that 
 Iakob went near, and rolled the stone from the mouth 
 of the well, and watered the flock of Laban his mother's 
 brother. "And Iakob kissed Rachel, and lifted up 
 his voice, and wept. ,2 And Iakob told Rachel that 
 he was her father's brother, and that he was Ribkah's 
 son: and she ran, and told her father. 1:) And it came 
 to pass, when Laban heard the tidings of Iakob his 
 sister's son, that he ran to meet him, and embraced 
 him, and kissed him, and brought him to his house. 
 And he told Laban all these things. 14 And Laban 
 
 [nii,wers to 27, not to 30] 46" [read ' Laban,' cf. 48] 48" [follows on 46", 
 not 45 j 5°* [continues 48* ; 50'', ' no man is with us ; see Elohim is
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 87 
 
 XXIX 
 
 16 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 said to him, ' Truly, thou art my bone and my flesh/ 
 And he abode with him the space of a month: "and 
 Laban said unto Iakob, ' Because thou art my brother, 
 shouldest thou therefore serve me for nought ? tell me 
 what shall thy wages be?' 16 And Laban had two 
 daughters : the name of the elder was Leah, and the 
 name of the younger was Rachel. 17 And Leah's eyes 
 were weak ; but Rachel was beautiful, and fair to look 
 upon. "And Iakob loved Rachel; and he said, 'I 
 will serve thee seven years for Rachel thy younger 
 daughter.' '"And Laban said, 'It is better that I give 
 her to thee than that I should give her to another 
 man: abide with me.' 20 And Iakob served seven 
 years for Rachel ; and they seemed unto him but a 
 few days, for the love he had to her. 21 And Iakob 
 said unto Laban, ' Give me my wife, for my days are 
 fulfilled, that I may go in unto her.' "And Laban 
 gathered together all the men of the place, and made 
 .1 feast. 23 And it came to pass in the evening, that he 
 took Leah his daughter, and brought her to him; and 
 he went in unto her. (** And Laban gave Zilpah his hand 
 maid unto hi daughter Leah for an handmaid.] "And it 
 came t" pass in the morning that, behold, it was Leah. 
 And he said to Laban, 'What is this thou hast done 
 unto in.-.- was it not for Rachel thai I served with 
 thee? wherefore then hast thou beguiled me ? ' 'And 
 Laban aid, ■ It is not dm, done among u to give the 
 younger before the firstborn. Fulfil the week of this 
 one, and 1 1 1 will give thee tin- othi 1 also t<>i the 1 ei 
 which thou shall with me yet 
 
 witness betwixt me nri'l thee, 1 la a gloss : the writ. 1 '.1 p", ' I till mound 
 be witness,' would doI write ■ /-. lohim be witn< ii a. (ahvistii 
 
 writer] 49' [Jakob's response, d. 57/'; note I '; 4</, ' Aixl 
 
 18 
 
 19 
 20 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 2 3 
 
 -'7
 
 88 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xxix 
 28 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 28 And Iakob did so, and fulfilled her week. And he 
 gave him Rachel his daughter to wife. {™And Laban 
 gave to Rachel his daughter Bilhah his handmaid to be her 
 
 handmaid) . 80 And he went in also unto Rachel. And 
 he loved Rachel more than Leah. And he served with 
 him yet seven other years. 3l And when Iahveh saw that 
 Leah was hated, he opened her womb : but Rachel 
 was barren. 32 And Leah conceived, and bare a son, 
 and she called his name ' Reuben ' : for she said, 
 ' Because Iahveh hath looked upon my affliction 
 (raah-beonyi) ; for now will my husband love me.' 
 33 And she conceived again, and bare a son : and she 
 said, ' Because Iahveh hath heard (shama) that I am 
 hated, he hath therefore given me this one also ' : and 
 she called his name ' Shimeon.' S4 And she conceived 
 again, and bare a son; and she said, 'Now this time 
 will my husband join himself (lavah) unto me, 
 because I have borne him three sons.' Therefore [she] 
 called him, ' Levi.' 35 And she conceived again, and 
 bare a son ; and she said, ' This time will I praise 
 (hodah) Iahveh.' Therefore she called his name 
 ' Iehudah.' And she left bearing. a And when Rachel 
 saw that she bare Iakob no children, then Rachel envied 
 her sister ; and she said unto Iakob, ' Give me children, 
 
 Mizpah, for,' is a gloss on ncs, to watch, in 49 b : ncaon, 'The 
 Watchtower,' and mson, 'The Pillar,' 45, may be connected] 46'' 
 [the meal of the covenant, removed as far as possible from 54] 48'" 
 [the etymology to which the foregoing leads up, cf. 47'']). The editorial 
 hand so unmistakeable in the patchwork of 45-53, also appears in 33, 
 ' and into the tent of the two maidservants,' which interrupts 33 nc , cf. 
 ' and he went out of Leah's tent ' ; cf. xxx. 4. 9 ; in 20 b , ' in that he told 
 him not that he fled,' which is out of place before the flight, 21, and 
 may be a gloss to explain the expression 'stole Laban's heart' ; in 11, 
 'angel,' cf. 13, where Elohim is speaker; and perhaps in the crowded 
 
 05 
 
 XXX 
 
 I
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 89 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 or else I die.' 2a And 
 Iakob's anger was kindled 
 against Rachel, and he 
 said, 2 c [' Is it I] who have 
 withheld from thee the 
 fruit of the womb ? ' 3 And 
 she said, ' Behold mine 
 handmaid Bilhah ; go in 
 unto her, that she may 
 bear upon my knees, and 
 so I may obtain children 
 by her:' I* and she gave him 
 Bilhah her handmaid to wife | : 
 and Iakob went in unto 
 her. ■ And Bilhah con- 
 ceived, and bare Iakob a 
 son. 6a And Rachel said, 
 ['Iahveb] {and also] ' '" hath 
 heard my voice, and 
 awarded (dan) me a ^on.' 
 Then-lore she tailed his 
 name ■ I Ian.' And Bilhah, 
 K;k bel's handmaid, con- 
 < rived again, and 
 Iakob -t •■' ond 3on. ''And 
 l\.K lie] said, ' I hive wres- 
 tled (niphtali) with my 
 • r. and I have pre- 
 vailed.' And he ( ailed his 
 
 Elohistic. 
 
 2b 'Am I in the place of 
 Elohim 1 ' 
 
 fib ' Elohim hath judged 
 I dan ) me.' 
 
 8b< Elohim hath wrestled 
 for me ' < niphtali ). 
 
 XXX 
 
 ,c ,b 
 
 6 a 
 
 <,<• 6 b 
 
 s" S 1 ' 
 
 of 34-41. The pa ig< . io, ' And it came to pats at the time thai 
 the flock conceived, that I lifted np 1 ad aw in a dream, and, 
 
 behold, the I which leapt upon the flock were ringstraked, 
 
 •peckled, and grilled ' ; and ia t 'Lift np now thin ud tee, all the
 
 9o 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXX 
 
 10 
 
 ii 
 
 12 
 
 I 3 a 
 
 I3 C 
 
 14 
 
 13 b i Y or women will call 
 me joyful (asher).' 
 
 Iahvistic. Elohistic. 
 
 name ' Naphtali.' "[And] 
 when Leah saw that she 
 had left bearing, she took 
 Zilpah her handmaid, and 
 gave her to Iakob to wife. 
 lu And Zilpah, Leah's hand- 
 maid, bare Iakob a son. 
 "And Leah said, ' O for- 
 tune (gad),' and she called 
 his name ' Gad.' 12 And 
 Zilpah, Leah's handmaid, 
 bare Iakob a second son. 
 ls a And Leah said, 'O 
 joy (asher)!'' 13c and she 
 called his name ' Asher.' 
 l4 And Reuben, in the days 
 of wheat-harvest, went and 
 found love-apples in the 
 field, and brought them 
 unto his mother Leah. 
 And Rachel said unto 
 Leah, ' Give me, I pray 
 thee, of thy son's love- 
 apples.' lr And [LeahJ said, 
 ' Is it such a small thing to 
 have taken my husband 
 away, that thou wouldest 
 also take away my son's 
 love-apples?' And Rachel 
 
 he-goats which leap upon the flock are ringstraked, speckled, andgrisled : 
 for I have seen all that Laban doeth unto thee ' ; are possibly fragments 
 of the Elohistic story, but are out of all connection with 9. II. 13. 
 The double thread is continued through xxxii. xxxiii ; the Iahvistic in
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 9i 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 said, '[Not so]: he shall lie 
 with thee to-night for thy 
 son's love-apples.' 16 And 
 Iakob came from the field 
 at even ; and Leah went 
 out to meet him, and said, 
 ' Unto me thou must come 
 in ; for indeed I have hired 
 (sachar) thee with my 
 son's love-apples.' And 
 he lay with her that night ; 
 17 b and she conceived and 
 hare Iakob a fifth son. 
 J8b And she called his name 
 ' Iissachar.' lu And Leah 
 concei\( (1 a^ain, and bare 
 a sixth son to Iakob. 
 20a And Leah said, 20 ' -Now 
 will my husband cohabit 
 with me (zebalani) be< ause 
 I have borne him six 
 
 An. I Bhe 1 ailed Ins 
 name ' Zebulun.' [And 
 
 afterwards she bare a daughter 
 and called her name 'Dinah' 
 " m And Elohim remetni 
 Rachel.) [And [ahveh 
 hearkened unto Ra< hel > 
 " r an<l opened her wen,'.. 
 ""and she conceived, and 
 
 hare a son. 
 
 
 Ami 
 
 Elohistie. 
 
 17a And Elohim hearkened 
 unto Leah. 
 
 18a And Leah said, 'Elohim 
 hath given me my hire 
 (sachar) because I have 
 given mine handmaid to 
 my husband.' 
 
 20b ' Elohim hath endowed 
 me (zebad| I |ani) with a 
 beaul iiul dowry.' 
 
 " b And Elohim hearkened 
 until J Etachi 
 
 Mb 
 
 A ml he aid, ' ESlohim 
 
 XXX 
 
 16 
 
 i8 a 
 
 17" 
 •9 
 
 JO'' 
 
 20' 
 
 2C- 
 
 ,,:,. .1. 
 
 •I 1 ''.,'' 
 
 xxxii. 3 5 in 5 read psi with 1 
 
 cf. xviii. 3. xix. [9. xxx. 37) 
 
 xx ; cf. xxx. .).', : ' find favour in tfa 
 (> 1 1 origin "f the n um ' Mai banoth,'
 
 9 2 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXX 
 
 24" 
 
 27 
 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 31 28 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 she said], 'May Iahveh 
 add (ioseph) to me yet 
 another son.' 2 < a Andshe 
 called his name 'Ioseph.' 
 25 And it came to pass when 
 Rachel had borne Ioseph, 
 that IakobsaiduntoLaban, 
 ' Send me away, that I may 
 go unto mine own place 
 and to mine own land.' 
 27 And Laban ^aid unto 
 him, ' If now I have found 
 favour in thine eyes, tarry : 
 I have forbode that Iahveh 
 hath blessed me for thy 
 sake.' 29 And [Iakob] said 
 unto him, ' Thou knowest 
 how I have served thee, 
 and how thy cattle hath 
 fared with me. 30 For it was 
 little that thou hadst before 
 I came, but it hath spread 
 forth into a multitude, and 
 Iahveh hath blessed thee 
 in my steps ; and now 
 when shall I provide for 
 mine own house* also ? ' 
 n And he said, ' What shall 
 I give thee ? ' And Iakob 
 said, ' Thou shalt not give 
 
 Elohistic. 
 
 hath taken away (asaph) 
 my reproach.' 
 
 26 ' Give me my wives and 
 my children for whom I 
 have served thee, and let 
 me go : for thou knowest 
 my service wherewith 1 
 have served thee.' 
 
 28 And he said, ' Appoint 
 me thy wages, and I will 
 give it.' 
 
 or 'Machanaim,' cf. 1. 2 ; 'Iahveh,^; cf. xxxi. 3. xxviii. 13; 'mercies 
 and truth,' io, cf. xxiv. 27 ; }D »n3Bp, io, cf. iv. 13. xviii. 14) I3 b -2i a 
 (/gave them into the hands of his servants,' 16, cf. xxx. 35 ; 'he will lift
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 93 
 
 XXX 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 me anything : but if thou wilt do this for me I will 
 again feed thy flock and keep it: 32 I will pass 
 through all thy flock to-day, and remove from it every 
 speckled and spotted beast — every black among the 
 sheep, and every spotted and speckled among the 
 goats. And hereafter my hire shall be, — ss so shall my 
 righteousness answer for me — when thou shalt come 
 concerning my hire which shall be before thee, then 
 every beast that is not speckled and spotted among the 
 goats, and black among the sheep in my possession 
 shall be accounted stolen.' ;t4 And Laban said, ' Behold, 
 I would it might be according to thy word ' : 3: ' and he 
 himself that day removed the he-goats that were {ring- 
 straked} [speckled] and spotted, and al] the she-goats 
 that were speckled and spotted, every one that had 
 white in it, and all the black among the sheep, and 
 re them into the hanil of his sons, M and set three 
 days' journey between | ilx-m] and Iakob. And Iakob 
 fed the rest of Laban's flock. "And Iakob took him 
 rods of green poplar, and of the almond and maple, 
 and peeled wh iks in them, and made the white 
 
 appear which was in the rods. And he put the rods 
 which he had peeled over against the Bock in the 
 gutters, in the troughs of water where the flock came 
 to drink. And they conceived when they came to 
 drink, 'and the flock conceived before the rods. And 
 the Ho- k brought forth | ring itraked | spe< kled and spotted. 
 40 *And [akob did separate the lambs, l0 and put his 
 own dri hi. and put them nol unto Laban's flo 
 
 41 And it < ame to pass, wh< □ 01 ■■ r the stroi ! the 
 flock did conceive, thai [akob laid the rods before the 
 
 .;<• 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 ^o tt 
 
 .|O c 
 
 t' 
 
 up my face,' 20, of. iv. 7. xix. ji ; the pn tent, cf. xxiv. 10. 53 13* 
 displaced by -• i' jj read Q129M, cf. -.', ; 'to VJ Ji)
 
 94 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 42 
 
 40 1 
 
 43 
 
 XXXI 
 
 I 
 
 5 
 
 '7 
 
 i8 a 
 2I b 
 
 *3 l 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 eyes of the flock in the gut- 
 ters that they might con- 
 ceiveamong the rods; 42 but 
 when the flock were feeble 
 he put them not in : so the 
 feeble were Laban's, but 
 the strong were Iakob's. 
 43 And the man spread 
 forth exceedingly, and had 
 great flocks, and maid ser- 
 vants, and men servants, 
 and camels, and asses. 
 'And he heard the words 
 of Laban's sons, saying, 
 ' Iakob hath taken away 
 all that was our father's ; 
 and of that which was our 
 father's hath he gotten all 
 this wealth ! ' 3 And Iahveh 
 said unto Iakob, ' Return 
 unto the land of thy fathers, 
 and to thy kindred, and I 
 will {be with thee} [do thee 
 good ']. 17 And Iakob rose 
 up, and set his sons and 
 his wives upon the camels, 
 18 * and carried away all his 
 cattle, 2l b { and he rose up} 
 and passed over the river 
 
 * * * 
 
 23b And he overtook him in 
 
 Elohistic. 
 
 40 b And set the faces of 
 the flocks toward the ring- 
 straked and all the black 
 in the flock of Laban. 
 
 23-28 'in 23 read 'n 'jrnN with lxx 
 amended; 'prevailed,' 25. 28, cf. xxx. 8) 
 
 2 And Iakob beheld the 
 face of Laban, and behold 
 it was not toward him as 
 aforetime. 4 And Iakob 
 sent and called Rachel 
 and Leah to the field unto 
 his flock, B and said unto 
 them, ' I see the face of 
 your father that it is not 
 toward me as aforetime ; 
 but the God of my father 
 hath been with me. "And 
 ye know that with all my 
 might have I served your 
 father : 7 but your father 
 hath deceived me, and 
 changed my wages ten 
 times ; but Elohim hath 
 not suffered him to hurt 
 
 ; ' the man,' cf. xviii. xix, as 
 29* fcf. 26; 31 (read bmrrnj*,
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 95 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 the mountain of Gilead, 
 [and said,] 27 ' Wherefore 
 didst thou flee away se- 
 cretly and deceive me, and 
 didst not tell me, that I 
 might have sent thee away 
 with mirth and with songs, 
 and with tabret and with 
 harp?' 3I And Iakob an- 
 swered and said unto 
 Laban, ' Because I was 
 afraid : for I said, Lest 
 by force thou shouldest 
 take thy daughters from 
 me.' "'And {Iakob} [La- 
 ban]said unto his brethren, 
 ' Gather stones ' ; and they 
 took stones, and made a 
 mound. "'And Laban 
 Baid, ' This mourni | 
 be with ed) between 
 
 me and thee this day 
 60 'that thou will not afflict 
 my daughters, and that 
 thou wilt not take other 
 wives besides my daugh- 
 
 Elohistic. 
 me. 8 If he said thus, 
 The speckled shall he thy 
 wages, then all the flock 
 bare speckled ; and if he 
 said thus, The ringstraked 
 shall be thy wages, then 
 all the flock bare ring- 
 straked : 9 and IJlohim 
 hath taken away the 
 cattle of your father and 
 given them to me. { 10 And it 
 came to pass at the time that 
 the flock conceived that I 
 lifted up mine eyes and saw in 
 a dream, and, behold, the he- 
 goats which leaped upon the 
 flock were ringstraked, speck- 
 led, and grisled.) u Aim! 
 {the angel of] Klohini said 
 
 unto me in a dream, 
 
 [akob, and I Baid, ll'iv 
 
 am I . ' ' Ami he said, 
 j Lift op now thine eyes, and 
 11 the he goats which leap 
 upon the flock are ring* 
 gtraki d, pec) led, and grisled i 
 fox I have seen all that Laban 
 
 XXXI 
 
 31 
 
 IO 
 
 t I* 
 
 1 1 
 
 18* 
 
 1 3 
 
 ^O" 
 
 cf. 33; ' passed over,' 1 1 16. ai. aa. 23 ; the sunrise, c£ 13'. aa. 1 1 
 xxxiii. 1. a daylight, 31, enables him to 1 1 sv coming; 'lifted op 
 
 • Id,' cf. xviii. 1. xxiv. In, ; 'fottl hundred 
 
 mi n.' cf. xxxii. 6 ; the division of the childn n n calls the division of the 
 
 , xxxii. 7 [6 .1 i ed over before them,' cf ixxU (6. ai"; 
 
 • ran to meet him,' cf. xviil 1 5-7 cf. a; 'lifted up hi 1 ( . 1 ; 
 
 1 am,' wanted for the etymology oi ' IVnicl,' 10, c£ xxvni. 17. xxxii.
 
 9 6 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 '3 
 
 49 l 
 
 4<'''M 
 4 8'> 
 
 xxxii 
 3 
 '5 
 
 1 6 
 
 "J 
 
 20 l 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 ters ' {no man is with us : 
 see, Elohim is witness betwixt 
 me and thee}. 49 b And {Miz- 
 
 pah, for} [Iakob] said, ' Let 
 Iahveh watch between me 
 and thee, when we are 
 absent one from another.' 
 46 b And they did eat there 
 upon the mound. ^There- 
 fore was the name of it 
 called ' Gilead ' (' mound 
 of witness '). 3 And Iakob 
 sent messengers before 
 him unto Esav his brother 
 to the land of Seir, the 
 field of Edom. 4 And he 
 commanded them saying, 
 ' Thus shall ye say unto 
 my lord Esav : thus saith 
 thy servant Iakob, With 
 Laban have I sojourned 
 and stayed until now: 5 and 
 I have oxen, and asses, 
 [and] flocks, and men ser- 
 vants, and maid servants : 
 and I have sent to tell my 
 lord, that I may find favour 
 in thine eyes.' 6 And the 
 messengers returned to 
 Iakob, saying, ' We came 
 to thy brother unto Esav 
 
 zH 8-i i flooks back on xxxii. 13-21, 
 
 lord Esav,' ' thy servant Iakob' ; ' find favour in the eyes of,' 8. 10, cf. 
 
 Elohistic. 
 doeth unto thee} ls I am El 
 of Bethel, where thou didst 
 anoint a pillar, where thou 
 didst vow a vow unto me : 
 now arise, get thee out 
 from this laud, and return 
 unto the land of thy 
 nativity.' u Then Rachel 
 and Leah answered and 
 said unto him, ' Is there 
 yet any portion or in- 
 heritance for us in our 
 father's house 1 :B Are we 
 not counted of him as 
 strangers 1 for he hath sold 
 us, and hath also quite 
 devoured the price he had 
 for us ; 1G wherefore the 
 more doth the wealth which 
 Elohim hath deprived of 
 our father belong to us 
 and our children. Now 
 therefore, whatsoever Elo- 
 him hath said unto thee, 
 do.' ]9 And Laban was 
 gone to shear his sheep: 
 and Rachel stolethe house- 
 hold gods that were her 
 father's. 20a And Iakob 
 robbed the heart of Laban 
 the Aramean, {in that he 
 and cf. the polite address, ' my
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 97 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 and moreover he cometh 
 to meet thee, and four 
 hundred men with him.' 
 7 And Iakob was greatly 
 afraid, and was troubled : 
 and he divided the people 
 that was with him, and the 
 flocks, and the herds, and 
 the camels, into two bands; 
 8 and he said, 'If Esav come 
 to the one band and smite 
 it, there will be a band left 
 to escape.' 9 And Iakob 
 said, 'O God of my father 
 Abraham, and God of my 
 father lizchak, ( > [ahveh, 
 which saidst unto me, Re- 
 turn unto thine own land 
 and to thy kindred, and I 
 will do ill".- good ; " I .mi 
 unworth} of all the m< n 
 and all the truth whi< h 
 thou hast shewed unto th) 
 servant ; for with m\ I m 
 [pa ed over this [arden, 
 bul now 1 .mi become 
 two band , " I >elivei mi 
 I pray thee, from the hand 
 
 Elohistie. 
 told him not that he fled]-, 
 21a and fled with all that 
 he had; - lc and he set his 
 face toward the mountain 
 of Gilead. 22 And it was 
 told Laban on the third 
 day that Iakob was fled. 
 23a And he took his breth- 
 ren with hi in, and pursued 
 after him seven days. 
 23 c And Laban with his 
 brethren pitched in the 
 mountain of ( rilead, '-"'''ami 
 Iakob had pitched his tent 
 
 in th<' mountain. 2I And 
 in a dream of the oighl . 
 Elohim came to Laban 
 the Aramean, and said 
 onto him, ' Take heed 1" 
 
 thyself that thoU speak 
 
 li' >t In Iaknli cither good 
 Or had !* '" And l.ahaii 
 
 came up \\ itb takob, ami 
 
 l i. hi J -aid [to Iakob} [to 
 
 him |. ' What basi t QOU 
 
 dune t lial t laai h.i I roh- 
 
 bed my heart, ami < ir 
 tied aw a\ m\ daughti i 
 
 XXX11 
 
 xxxi 
 
 21' 
 
 2l l 
 
 22 
 
 2 3" 
 
 S 
 
 2 5 c 
 
 9 25 1 
 
 24 
 
 1.1 
 
 »5" 
 a6 
 
 1 1 
 
 x\xii. 5 ; • inasmacfa n^,' 13 L ,v •;, 10, cf. xviii. 5. xix. 8 ; ' seen th) 
 cf. xxxii. jo ; -i, < lohim,' 1 1 the 
 
 paralli the nam P iel ' In txxii. 30; 'Elohim,' tl, 
 
 cf. 5; 'urged him,' cf. xix. 3. 9) 13-17 I before,' i| cf. .; ; 
 
 ' find favour in tin- eyes of,' 15. cf. 8. 10 ; in 13 read :t".ti with i.xx ; 
 
 11
 
 9 8 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXXII 
 
 \x\ i 
 
 28 
 
 12 29 
 
 I3 b 30 
 
 14 
 
 15 32 
 
 16 
 
 33 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 of my brother, from the 
 hand of Esav : for I fear 
 him, lest he come and 
 smite me, mother and 
 children. { u 'And thou saidst, 
 I will surely do thee good, and 
 will make thy seed as the sand 
 of the sea, which cannot benum- 
 bered for multitude.] [And 
 
 Iakob called the name of 
 that place, ' Machanaim ' 
 ('Bands')]. 13b Andhetook 
 of that which was in his 
 hand a present for Esav 
 his brother, H two hundred 
 she-goats and twenty he- 
 goats, two hundred ewes 
 and twenty rams, 15 thirty 
 milch camels and their 
 colts, forty kine and ten 
 bulls, twenty she-asses and 
 ten foals. u And he gave 
 them into the hand of his 
 servants, drove by drove; 
 and said unto his servants, 
 ' Pass over before me, and 
 put a space between drove 
 and drove.' " And he 
 
 Elohistic. 
 as captives of the sword, 
 28 and hast not suffered me 
 to kiss my sons and my 
 daughters? now hast thou 
 done foolishly. 29 Like El 
 is my hand to do you hurt! 
 But the God of your father 
 spake unto me yester- 
 night, saying, Take heed 
 to thyself that thou speak 
 unto Iakob neither good 
 nor had. 80 But now, 
 even though thou wouldest 
 needs be gone, because thou 
 sore longedst after thy 
 father's house, yet where- 
 fore hast thou stolen my 
 gods?' 32 [And Iakob said], 
 ' With whomsoever thou 
 findest thy gods, he shall 
 not live : before our breth- 
 ren discern thou what is 
 thine with me, and take 
 it unto thee.' For Iakob 
 knew not that Rachel had 
 stolen them. 33 And Laban 
 went into lakob's tent, 
 
 ' Seir,' 14. 16, cf. xxxii. 3 ; Sukkoth, coupled with Peniel, cf. Jud. viii. 
 6 ff; N, of Peniel, and therefore directly away from Seir, cf. 14: the 
 same Iakob as of old, cf. xxv. 26. xxvii. 15. 27. 43) i8 nc (' encamped,' cf. 
 xxvi. 17) mj prepares for xxxiv. 3 ff; cf. Jos. xxiv. 32); and the 
 Elohistic in xxxii. 1. 2 ('Elobim '; 'angels,' cf. xxviii. 12 ; read n:no: 
 for 'Machaneh', 'Machanoth,' and 'Machanaim,' cf. 'Ramah,' 'Ramoth,'
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 99 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 commanded the foremost 
 saying, ' When Esav my 
 brother meeteth thee, and 
 asketh thee, saying, Whose 
 art thou ? and, Whither 
 goest thou ? and, Whose 
 are these before thee? 
 18 then thou shalt say, Thy 
 servant Iakob's ; it is a 
 present sent unto my lord 
 Esav ; and behold, he also 
 is behind us.' I9 And he 
 commanded also the se- 
 cond and the third and all 
 that followed the droves, 
 saying, ' ( >n this manner 
 Bhall ye speak unto Ksav, 
 '" when ye find him : and 
 ye Bhall say, Moreover, 
 behold thy servant lakol) 
 
 i- behind us.' Foi he said, 
 ' I will < ovi i hia f i< «• with 
 the present thai goeth be- 
 fore me ; afterward I will 
 his fu e, and men per- 
 adventure In- will lift up 
 mils Vnd tin' present 
 
 p i- • I over before him, 
 
 Elohistic. 
 and into the tent of Leah, 
 
 {and into the tent of the two 
 maid servants) but he found 
 them not. And he went 
 out of Leah's tent, and 
 entered the tent of Rachel. 
 
 4 Now Rachel had taken 
 the household gods, and 
 put them in the camel- 
 pannier, and sat upon 
 t hem. And Laban felt all 
 aboui the tent but found 
 them not. 3S And she Baid 
 1 • > liei- father, ' bet no! I lie 
 eyes of my lord be angry 
 that 1 cannot rise up before 
 
 1 bee ; lor t he manner of 
 
 women is upon me.' Ami 
 
 when he had searched and 
 
 could not find the house- 
 hold god . t hen iakoh 
 \\a> angry, and (diode \\ itli 
 Laban, And Iakoh an 
 red and said unto 
 
 Laban, ' What is mj I re - 
 
 ' v, bat LS i'i.\ -in I hat 
 
 thou has! hotly pursued 
 
 alter me I Whereas fchoU 
 
 XXX11 
 
 xxxi 
 
 34 
 
 IS 
 
 19 
 
 35 
 
 20 
 
 36 
 
 37 
 
 and 'Ramathaim' r n 1 b conclud • ■ mt of 
 
 place after the express mention ol Elohim in m 19", cf. 
 
 the paralle] in uxiiL 10 sod xxxiii. 20 a Fragment ; read nbnaso, 
 cf. xxviii. iS ; xxxi. 45 ; and cf. the altar ' built ' by Abram at Slici Ik in, 
 
 il 2
 
 lOO 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xxxn 
 xxxi 
 
 22 
 
 38 
 
 -'4 
 
 39 
 
 40 
 
 4i 
 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 13 a and he tarried there 
 that night. - 2 And he rose 
 up that night, and took his 
 two wives, and his two 
 handmaids, and his eleven 
 sons, and [sent them] over 
 the ford of Iabbok. 23 And 
 when he had taken them 
 and sent them over the 
 stream, and had sent over 
 [all] that he had, 24 lakob 
 was left alone. And there 
 wrestled a man with him 
 until the breaking of the 
 day. 25 And when he saw 
 that he prevailed not 
 against him he took him 
 by the hollow of his thigh ; 
 and the hollow of Iakob's 
 thigh was sprained as he 
 wrestled with him. 26 And 
 he said, ' Let me go, for 
 the day is breaking.' And 
 he said, ' I will not let thee 
 go, except thou bless me.' 
 J And lie said unto him, 
 ' What is thy name ? ' And 
 he said, ' lakob.' 28 And 
 he said, ' Thy name shall 
 be called nomore'Takob" 
 
 Elohistic. 
 hast felt about all my stuff, 
 what hast thou found of 
 all the stuff of thy house- 
 hold 1 Set it here before 
 my brethren and thy 
 brethren, that they may 
 judge between us two. 
 38 This twenty years have 
 I been with thee ; thy 
 ewes and thy she-goats 
 have not cast their young, 
 and the rams of thy flocks 
 have I not eaten ; 3J that 
 which was torn of beasts 
 I brought not unto thee : 
 I hare the loss of it : of 
 my hand didst thou re- 
 quire it, whether stolen by 
 day, or stolen by night. 
 40 Thus I Avas : by day the 
 heat consumed me, and 
 the frost by night ; and 
 my sleep departed from 
 mine eyes. 41 This twenty 
 years have I been in thine 
 house : I served thee four- 
 teen years for thy two 
 daughters, and six years 
 for thy flock; and thou 
 hast changed my wages 
 
 xii 7 . xxxii. 12, which is out of place after 11, cf. 9. 10, is an editorial 
 addition like xiii. 16 etc. ; while the strange and very superfluous
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 IOI 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 ("heeler "), but "Iisrael" 
 ("El wrestler"): for thou 
 hast striven (sara) with 
 Elohim and with men, and 
 hast prevailed.' 29 b And 
 he blessed him there. 
 
 31 And the sun rose upon 
 him as he passed over 
 {Penuel} [the stream], and 
 he limped upon his thigh. 
 
 32 {Therefore the sons of Iisrael 
 eat not the sinew of the hip 
 which is upon the hollow of 
 the thigh, unto this day ; be- 
 cause he touched the hollow of 
 Jakob's thigh in the sinew of the 
 hip. J 'And {/a/W} [Iisrael] 
 lifted up his eyes and look- 
 
 ind behold, Esav came, 
 and with him four hundred 
 men. And he divided the 
 children onto L ah, and 
 unto Rachel, and unto the 
 two handmaids. 'Ami he 
 put the handmaids and 
 their children forem 
 and 1.' ah and her i hildren 
 after, and Ra< hel and l<>- 
 seph bindermo I \nd 
 he h rb 
 
 fore them : and he bo 
 
 Elohistic. 
 ten times. 42 Except the 
 God of my father, the 
 God of Abraham and the 
 Awe of Iizchak. had been 
 for me, then surely hadst 
 thou sent me away empty. 
 Elohim hath seen mine 
 affliction, and the labour 
 of my hands ; and he re- 
 buked thee yesternight.' 
 "And Lilian answered, 
 and said unto [akob, 'The 
 women are my daughters, 
 and the children are my 
 children, and the flocks 
 
 arc my flocks, and all that 
 thou Beesi is mine: but 
 what Bhall I do this day 
 unto the e mj daughter ■ 
 or unto their children 
 which they have borne ' 
 u Now therefore come, let 
 ii - make a covenant, I and 
 
 thou ; and let t liei v be a 
 
 witness between me and 
 
 tl.ee' 'And ; [akob] he 
 took a Btone, and set it up 
 for a pillar. ' And I iaban 
 I tn [akob, 1 Behold thii 
 hi ap, and ; ■ Behold, the j ■ i 1 - 
 
 xxxn 
 xxxi 
 
 4- 
 
 29/ 
 
 :.' 
 
 33 43 
 
 XXXII) 
 
 1 
 
 M 
 
 
 51 
 
 exiilnnnm.n r,f thr Inedibility of the tough sinew of the hip, 32, — 
 'Therefore the boos <>f [Israel eat not the sinew of the hip which is
 
 102 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK 
 
 XXXIII 
 
 xxxi 
 
 52 
 
 53 
 
 54 
 
 47 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 himself to the ground seven 
 times, until he drew near 
 to his brother. "And Esav 
 ran to meet him, and em- 
 braced him, and fell on his 
 neck, and kissed him ; and 
 they wept. 3 And he lifted 
 up his eyes, and saw the 
 women and the children; 
 and he said, ' Who are 
 these with thee?' And he 
 said, ' The children whom 
 Elohim hath graciously 
 given to thy servant.' 6 And 
 the handmaids drew near, 
 they and their children, 
 and they bowed them- 
 selves. 7 And Leah also 
 and her children drew near, 
 and bowed themselves : 
 and after drew Ioseph near 
 and Rachel, and they bowed 
 themselves. 8 And he said, 
 ' What meanest thou by all 
 this band which I have 
 
 Elohistic. 
 lar which I have set up, 
 52 let {this heap be witness and 
 the pillar} it be a witness 
 (eeduh) between me and 
 thee that I will not pass 
 over this hill (gal) unto 
 thee, and that thou wilt 
 not pass over this hill 
 {and this pillar} unto me, 
 for evil. 5S The God of 
 Abraham, and the God of 
 Nachor {the God of their 
 father}, — let them judge 
 between us.' And Iakob 
 sware by the Awe of his 
 father Iizchak. 54 And 
 Iakob offered a sacrifice on 
 the mountain, and called 
 his brethren to eat bread : 
 and they did eat bread, 
 and tarried all night on 
 the mountain. 47 {And La- 
 ban called it legar-sakadutka} . 
 And Iakob called it 
 'Galeed' ('hill of wit- 
 
 upon the hollow of the thigh, unto this day: because he touched the 
 hollow of Jakob's thigh in the sinew of the hip ' — must be regarded as 
 a late gloss. After xxxiii. 1 1 add the naming of Peniel, cf. xxxii. 30. 
 
 For xxxiii. i8 b . xxxiv. 1. 2". 4. 6. 8-10. 13-18. 20-25"°. 27-29, see 
 Priestly Hist. Bk. pp. 171 ff. The parallel story of Shechem and Dinah 
 in xxxiv. 3. 2* (interrupt 2\ 4) 5 (interrupts 4. 6) 7 (continues 5, cf. 2 b ) 
 II. 12 Shechem treats for himself: in 8-10. 13-18 Chamor negotiates 
 fir a general marriage alliance 19 (interrupts 18. 20, and is parallel 
 to 24) 25 1 '. 26 [two of the sons of Iisrael, against the wish of their father,
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 103 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 met ? ' And he said, ' To 
 find favour in the eyes of 
 my lord.' 9 AndEsavsaid, T 
 have much, my brother; let 
 thine own be thine.' 10 And 
 {lakob \ [Iisrael] said, ' Nay. 
 
 I pray thee, if now I have 
 found favour in thine eyes, 
 then receive my present at 
 my hand : inasmuch as I 
 have been thy face as one 
 seeth the face (peni) of a 
 god (El[ohim]), and thou 
 wast pleased with me ; 
 
 II take, 1 pray thee, my 
 
 sing that is brought to 
 thee; because Elohim hath 
 dealt graciously with me, 
 and be* ause I have every- 
 thing.' And he ui 
 him, and he look it. [And 
 Iisrael called the name ol 
 that plai e, Peniel ' (' El'a 
 ')]. \ii'l Esav] 
 
 saiil. I : us take our 
 journej . an 1 .is we go I 
 
 Elohistic. 
 ness'). 55 And early in 
 the morning Labau rose 
 up, and kissed his sons 
 and his daughters, and 
 blessed them. And La- 
 ban departed, and returned 
 to his own place. x And 
 lakob went on bis way. 
 And the angels of Elohim 
 met him ; 2 and lakob 
 said when he saw them, 
 ' This is the band (ma- 
 chaneh) of Elohim !' And 
 he called the name <>i" thai 
 place ' Macnan[eh]{aim}.' 
 21 b And he tarried that 
 1 1 i <_r 1 j t in \ the j Mm haneh. 
 * * * * 
 
 \im1 [akoh asked him, 
 and said, ' Tell me, I pray 
 t hee, thy Dame I ' And 
 he said, ' Wherefore is it 
 that thou dosl ask after 
 my name 1 ' l0 And [akob 
 called tin; name of the 
 place, ' Peniel ' : ' for,' said 
 
 XXXlll 
 
 xxxi 
 
 55 
 
 10 
 
 XXXll 
 
 I 
 
 I I 
 
 21' 
 
 39 8 
 
 12 30 
 
 cf. 30, and not the whole tribe in 1 one* rt, cf. 1 ;,. -7. make ■ raid <>n th< 
 hem 30. ;,i follow oot on 17 -■>; bul on i< ' . 16 ii 
 lahvi • l. 7, cf. xix. .;.■ .',.; 5. 16 ; 
 
 'cleave onto,' ;,. c£ ii. 24; 'grieved,' 7, d wroth,' 7. cf. 
 
 ir . 5 ; * find favour in d of,' ti Restore the opening, at in the 
 
 ■ . .ii n. 1 epted by Shi 1 hem, 19, may "i may n<>t 
 
 been circumcision : the link between ta and 19 is lost. En 5 omil 
 
 ' that he bad defiled I ttnah bit danghti r/ > f. 13. 37, pp. 17a f, In 7 read
 
 io 4 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XWlll 
 
 13 
 
 20 
 
 XXXV 
 
 I 
 
 M 
 
 i ; 
 
 16 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 will go before thee.' 13 And 
 he said unto him, ' My 
 lord knoweth that the 
 children are tender, and 
 that the flocks and the 
 herds with me give suck : 
 and if [I] overdrive them 
 one day all the flocks will 
 die : " let my lord, I pray 
 thee, pass over before his 
 servant, and I will lead 
 on softly, according to the 
 pace of the cattle that is 
 before me, and according 
 to the pace of the children, 
 until I come unto my lord 
 unto Seir.' 15 And Esav 
 said, ' Let me now leave 
 with thee some of the folk 
 that are with me.' And 
 he said, ' What needeth it ? 
 let me find favour in the 
 eyes of my lord.' 16 And 
 Esav returned that day on 
 
 Elohistic. 
 he, ' I have seen Elohim 
 face (pen) to face, yet is 
 my life preserved ! ' 
 
 * * * * 
 
 2n And he set up {an altar^ 
 [a pillar] there, and called 
 it 'El, God of Iisrael.' 
 'And Elohim said unto Ia- 
 kob, 'Arise, goup to Bethel, 
 and dwell there, and make 
 there an altar unto El 
 who appeared unto thee 
 when thou fleddest from 
 the face of Esav thy 
 brother.' 2 And Iakob said 
 unto his household, and 
 to all that were with him, 
 ' Put away the foreign 
 gods that are among you, 
 and cleanse yourselves, 
 and change your garments: 
 3 and let ub arise, and go 
 up to Bethel ; and I will 
 make there an altar unto 
 
 lasynn croco^ with lxx. In 30 omit, 'among the Kenaanites and the 
 J'eri/zites,' cf. xiii. 7 b . This story is continued in xxxv. 5 (the hasty 
 flight, cf. 30, is not occasioned by anything in xxxv. 1-4; note 
 'journeyed,' cf. xxxiii. 17 ; and with the ' Elohim-Terror' cf. the 'Iahvch- 
 Fire' of xix. 24) 6" c ('and the people that were with him,' cf. xxxii. j) 
 8 ef. xxiv. 59) 16-20° (cf. xxv. 21 ff; 'journeyed from Bethel,' 16, cf. 
 5. 6"; 17'', cf. xxx. 24; 'she called his name,' 18, cf. iv. 25. xxix. 32\ 
 For xxxv. 6*. 9-13. 15 see Priestly Hist. Bk. pp. 173 f. 14 — 'And Iakob 
 set up a pillar in the place where he spake with him, a pillar of stone : 
 and he poured out a drink offering thereon, and poured oil thereon,'
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 I0: 
 
 Elohistic. 
 El, who answered me in 
 the day of my distress, 
 and was with me in the 
 way which I went.' 4 And 
 they gave unto Iakob all 
 the foreign gods which 
 were in their hand, and 
 the rings which were in 
 their ears ; and [akob hid 
 them under the oak which 19 
 is by Shechem. J And 
 [akob came to Bethel], 
 7 and built there an altar, 
 and call.-d it {(lie place) 'El 
 
 hi Bethel'; for Elohim was 
 
 tied unto him there 1 
 when he Bed from the fac< 
 of Ids brother. 
 
 XXX111 
 XXXV 
 
 11 
 
 [8 ac 
 
 XXXIV 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 hiswaytoSeir. 17 And Iakob 
 journeyed to Sukkoth, and 
 built him a dwelling, and 
 made booths (sukkoth) 
 for his cattle : therefore 
 was the name of the place 
 called 'Sukkoth.' ""And 
 \lakob\ [Iisrael] came to 
 Shalem, and encamped 
 before the city. ,9 And he 
 bought the parcel of ground 
 when- he had spread his 
 tent, at the hand of the 
 sons of Chamor, the father 
 of Shechem, foran hundred 
 pieces of money. ; And tin- 
 soul of [Shechem, 30D of 
 Chamor],clave unto Dinah, 
 \iakoi>s\\ [israelVJdaughter. 
 And he loved the damsel, 
 
 (cf. 10. 20 must b 'I to the Priestly redactor c£ notes on >>. 13, 
 
 pp. 172 i j : the s< ttin^ u 1 1 >it ' mazzevahs' is quite foreign to the Bpiril >>t 
 the Priestly I list Bk. 'I the tame, ot n* a similar editorial hand, must 
 also 1 'I 20 — 'And [akob -• 1 ap a 1 >i 1 1 nr npon bei grave: the 
 
 tame y' ; ai b — ' beyond the 
 
 Flock Tower' probably intended ialem,cf. idv. 
 
 17. xxii. 1 i re, ' in the vale of Chebron . n. 1 1 ; and aa 
 
 '. [isi • I dwelt in that land, that Reuben went 
 
 and lay with Bilhah lii. father's concubine : and 1 • 1 of it' (a 
 
 preparation t"r xllx. .•,( in view "i sxxv. 10, 'Iakob' lias 
 
 Mini- d for ' Zian 1. 10. 1 ■. 5. 7. 
 
 1, xxxv. 5. I [n 19 "inn • the 
 
 nexv. 1 1 , Eli dc! note ' Elohim, 
 
 ;- ; cf. KXViii. (8 22 ; ' .' cf. xxxi [9 1 with ' El 
 
 1 .1 1 >o<l «.! xxiii. jo , 
 
 to Bethel, 1 l
 
 io6 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXXIV 
 
 2* 
 
 5 
 
 ii 
 
 12 
 
 19 
 
 .}, 
 
 26 
 
 3° 
 
 3' 
 
 XXXV 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 and spake to the damsel's heart, " 2b and he took her and 
 lay with her. and humbled her. ° And \lakob\ [Iisrael] 
 heard of it { that he had defiled Dinah his daughter] ; and his 
 sons were with his cattle in the field; and {lakob} [Iisrael] 
 held his peace until they came. 7 And when the sons 
 of [lakob] [Iisrael] came in from the field, and heard of 
 it, the men were grieved, and were very wroth that he had 
 wrought folly in Iisrael in lying with \ Jakob's] [Iisrael's] 
 daughter, which thing ought not to be done. u And 
 Shechem said unto her father and unto her brethren, 
 ' Let me find favour in your eyes, and what ye shall 
 say unto me I will give. I2 Ask me never so much 
 dowry and gift, and I will give according as ye shall 
 say unto me : but give me the damsel to wife.' * * 
 19 And the young man deferred not to do the thing, be- 
 cause he had delight in \ Jakob's] [Iisrael's] daughter: and 
 he was honoured above all the house of his father. 23b [But 
 it came to pass] that Shimeon and Levi, Dinah's brethren, 
 [went out], 2G and they slew Chamor, and Shechem his 
 son, with the edge of the sword, and they took Dinah 
 out of Shechem's house, and went forth. 30 And Jakob] 
 [ Ii>rael] said unto Shimeon and Levi, ' Ye have troubled 
 me to make me to stink among the dwellers of the land 
 {among the Kenaanites and the Perizzitesj : and, I being 
 few in number, they will gather themselves together 
 against me and smite me, and I shall be destroyed, I 
 and my house.' sl But they said, ' Should he deal with 
 our sister as with an harlot?' : 'And they journeyed, 
 
 For xxxv. 22 b -xxxvii. 2" see Priestly Hist. Bk. pp. 170 f. 1746°. The 
 Iahvistic and Elohistic narratives can be traced side by side in xxxvii- 
 2 M — 36, the former in 3 (' son of his old age,' cf. xxi. 2\ 7) 4. 2 bd (tale- 
 telling, cf. hatred 4, leads to 1 ?,*) 12. 1 3" (' Iisrael,' cf. 3 ; ' feed the flock,' 
 cf. 2 h , I4 b (' Shechem,' cf. 12. 13 ; the announcement of Iisrael's arrival
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 107 
 
 XXXV 
 
 6*> 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 and a great terror was upon the cities that were round 
 about them, and they did not pursue after the sons of 
 \ Jakob} [Iisrael]. [And Iisrael came to Bethel], 6b he 
 and all the people that were with him. 8 And Deborah, 
 Ribkah's nurse, died, and was buried below Bethel 
 under the oak : and the name of it was called ' The 
 Oak of Weeping.' "And they journeyed from Bethel ; 
 and there was still a little way to come to Ephrath : 
 and Rachel travailed, and she had hard labour. "And 
 it came to pass, when she was in hard labour, that the 
 midwife said unto her, 'Fear not; for this one also is 
 a son for thee.' I8 And it came to pass, as her soul 
 was departing, for she died, that she called his name 
 ' Ben-Oni ' (' son of my woe ') : but his father called 
 him 'Bin-Iamin' ('son of the right-hand'). ""And 
 Rachel died, and was buried in the way to Ephrath 
 
 {the same is Bcthlechem: '•"' and Jakob set up a pillar upon her 
 grave: the same is the pillar oj' Rachel'' s grave unto this day.) 
 
 21 And Lisrael journeyed, and Bpread bis tent [in the 
 vale ofChebron] [beyond the tower of Eder. * And it came 
 to pass, while lisrael dwelt in that land, thai Reuben went and 
 lay with Bilhah his father's 1 ont ubine : and lisrael heard oj it j . 
 
 at Chebron, Abraham's place of sojourn, xiii. r.8, alter xxxv. 20", has 
 a displaced by mtxv. 37) irallel of [8* io b . 13 the lon^ 
 
 rved cloak.it .■- ['lifted op theii ey< 1, and looked, and 
 
 behold/ cf. xviil. a. xxiv. 63. xxxiii. 1; th< merchandise, cf. uudi. 15; 
 ' >mr own flesh,' cf. 11. 33. xadx. 1 1 ^ s1, ' sell,' cf. 37 ; ' Iishmaelites,' cf. 
 25. 37 31. .-,.•' the cloak, 3. 13, brought to Ink..!); 'whethei 01 no,' 
 cf. xviie ! ; 'an evil beasl bath devoured him,' cf. 
 
 35 1 ''■ ; and thi latt 1 in . m, cf. a . ;. 11. 1. 3 ■•iii. 1 2. \ 
 
 11. _• 1 6 8". 9 11 ' envy,' cf. ' bate ' in >. 4 ; the mothei ires alread) 
 dead in sxxv. [9 1 . 11 n am [,'cf. xxii. 1. 11. ucvil. 1. uzi. 1 1 1 1 1 ' 
 (parallel of 13*) 17'' 'Dothan,' cf. 'Shechem,' ra. 13. 1 1 18*. 19 
 (' lord of dreams,' cf. 5*. 6 ff) so" ns') 21". j-- parallel ol n b : 
 
 ' and he said . . . and said ' ; ' k< aben,' cf. n*, cf. ■ \< badafa ' In 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 18 
 
 iy ft 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22
 
 ioS 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXXV11 
 
 12 
 
 i3 a 
 
 M l 
 
 i8 b 
 
 10 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 3 Now Iisrael loved Ioseph 
 more than all his sons, be- 
 cause he was the son of 
 his old age ; and he made 
 him a long cloak with 
 sleeves. ''And his bre- 
 thren saw that their father 
 loved him more than all 
 his brethren, and they 
 hated him, and could not 
 speak peaceably unto him. 
 [ 2b And when] his brethren 
 fed the flock, the lad 
 {Ioseph} would bring an 
 evil report of them unto 
 their father. 12 And his 
 brethren went to feed their 
 father's flock in Shechem. 
 13a And Iisrael said unto 
 Ioseph, ' Do not thy bre- 
 thren feed the flock in 
 Shechem ? come, and I 
 will send thee unto them.' 
 '"'And he sent him out of 
 the vale of Chebron, and 
 he came to Shechem. 
 18b But before he came 
 near unto them they con- 
 spired against him to slay 
 
 Elohistic. 
 
 8 And Ioseph dreamed a 
 dream. And he told it 
 to his brethren {and they 
 hated him yet the more}, "and 
 said unto them, ' Hear, I 
 pray you, this dream which 
 I have dreamed : 7 for, be- 
 hold, we were binding 
 sheaves in the field, and, 
 lo, my sheaf arose and 
 also stood upright; and, 
 behold, your sheaves came 
 round about and bowed 
 down to my sheaf.' 8 And 
 his brethren said to him, 
 ' Shalt thou indeed reign 
 over us? or shalt thou 
 indeed have dominion 
 over us 1 {And they hated 
 him yet the more for his dreams, 
 and for his words.} 9 And 
 he dreamed yet another 
 dream, and told it to his 
 brethren, and said, ' Be- 
 hold, I have dreamed yet 
 a dream ; and, behold, the 
 sun and the moon and the 
 eleven stars bowed down 
 tome.' 10 {And he told it to 
 
 • lay no hand upon him,' cf. xxii. 12) 24 ('pit,' cf. 22) 28 ac {Midianites 
 find Ioseph in the pit, 22. 24, draw him out, and take him to Mizraiim) 29. 
 30 " Reutan,' 'pit,' cf. 22) 32* ('and they sent' ... a message? cf. 
 f brought the coat,' 32'') 34 (parallel to 35 ; ' Iakob,' cf. ' Iisrael,' 3. 13 ;
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 109 
 
 Iahvistie. 
 him,[and they said |, 20b AW 
 will say, An evil beast hath 
 devoured him.' 2:i And it 
 came to pass, when Ioseph 
 was come unto his bre- 
 thren, that they stripped 
 Ioseph of his cloak, the long 
 cloak with sleeves that was 
 on him. alb But [Iehudah] 
 delivered him out of their 
 hand, and said, ' Let us 
 not take his life ! ' u And 
 as they sat down to eat 
 bread, they lifted up their 
 3 and looked, and be- 
 hold, a caravan of lish- 
 maelites tainc from ( lilt -ad 
 with their 1 amels, 1" aring 
 
 8pi( ery and halm and 
 myrrh, going to 1 any it 
 down in Mizraiim. And 
 I. hudah said unto Ins 
 brethren, ' Whal profit is it 
 if we slay our brother, 
 i on< eal hi9 blood? ■■'< 'ome, 
 and let us sell liim to the 
 h hma nd lei no! otu 
 
 hand I"- upon him [ ; for h< 
 our brother, oui own Qi h.' 
 And his brethren heark- 
 
 21"] 1 
 
 Elohistie. 
 his father, and to his brethren. } onb 
 And his father rebuked 
 him, and said unto him, 
 " What is this dream that 
 thou hast dreamed 1 Shall 
 I and thy mother and thy 
 brethren indeed come to 
 how down ourselves to 
 thee to the earth 1 ' "And 
 his brethren envied him, 
 but his father kept the say- 
 ing in mind. [ And it came 
 to pass after these things 
 that Jakob spake unto 
 Ioseph, and said. ' Ioseph.' | 
 1;l '.\nd he said to him, 
 • Bere am [.' Wa And he 
 Baid to him, ' ( k> now . 
 whether it be well with 
 thy brethren, and well 
 with t he flock ; and bring 
 me word again.' | ' toid a 
 ,in man found him, 
 old, I"' was wandering in 
 the fii Id : and the man a 
 him, saying, ' W hat si 
 thon '' "And he said, ' I 
 ( ■ thren : tell 1 ! 
 where they are 
 1 ■ An- 1 the man 
 said,' They aredeparti ■! hi 
 
 i 4 « 
 
 
 -7 
 
 16 
 
 '7 
 
 his gara Midianiti t, < f. 1 
 
 sia\ ai onmarried officer "f Pharaoh . 
 
 iving of harmonizing 
 
 additions: ing ^hated(cf.^ him yet the more,' which looka
 
 1 10 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXIVll 
 
 2 Sk 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 i8 a 
 
 1) 
 
 2C< 
 
 20 ( 
 
 33 
 
 21' 
 22 
 
 35 c 
 35 ah 
 
 24 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 encd unto him, 28b and then- 
 sold Ioseph to the Iish- 
 maelites for twenty pieces 
 of silver. 31 And they took 
 Ioseph's cloak, and killed 
 a he-goat, and dipped the 
 cloak in the blood, s2b the 
 long cloak with sleeves, and 
 brought it to their father, 
 and said, ' This we have 
 found : know now whether 
 it be thy son's cloak or not.' 
 33 And he knew it, and said, 
 ' It is my son's cloak ; an 
 evil beast hath devoured 
 him ; Ioseph is without 
 doubt torn in pieces.' 
 36c And his father wept for 
 him ; 35ab and all his sons 
 and all his daughters rose 
 up to comfort him, but he 
 refused to be comforted, 
 and said, ' Yea, I will go 
 down to Sheol unto my 
 
 Elohistic. 
 for I heard them say, Let us 
 go to Dothan.'} And Io- 
 seph went after his bre- 
 thren, and found them in 
 Dothan. I8a And they saw 
 him afar oft', 19 and said 
 one to another, ' Behold 
 this lord of dreams is 
 coming. 20a Come now 
 therefore, and let us slay 
 him, {and cast him into one of 
 the pits}, 20c and we shall 
 see what will become of 
 his dreams.' 21a But Reu- 
 ben heard it, 22 and { Reuben} 
 said unto them, ' Shed no 
 blood ; cast him into this 
 pit that is in the wilder- 
 ness, but lay no hand 
 upon him ' : that he might 
 {deliver him out of their hand} 
 restore him to his father. 
 24 And they took him, and 
 cast him into the pit; and 
 
 back on 4 ; in 8 — ' And they hated (cf. 4) him yet the more for his 
 dreams anticipates 9—1 r) and for his words' ^cf. 2 b , evil report); in 
 10 — ' And he told it to his father, and to his brethren,' which repeats o a ; 
 and in 15-17", a colourless incident to explain Ioseph's presence both at 
 Shechem and Dothan. In I3 b restore 'And Iakob spake unto Ioseph, 
 and said, Ioseph,' cf. xxii. 1. 11. xxvii. 1. xxxi. 11. In 20 omit 'and 
 cast him into one of the pits' which anticipates Reuben's suggestion in 
 22. In 21 restore ' Iehudah ' as subject of 'delivered him out of their 
 hand,' cf. 26. In 22 omit 'Reuben,' repeated from 2i a , and the ex- 
 pression 'deliver him out of their hand,' cf. 2i b , and in 27 the words
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 i ii 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 son mourning.' la And 
 Ioseph was brought down 
 toMizraiim; and|P tiphar, 
 an eunuch of Pharaoh's, the 
 chief- executioner]- a Aliz- 
 raiimite bought him of the 
 hand of the Iishmaelites 
 who had brought him 
 down thither. - And Iah- 
 veh was with Ioseph, and 
 made him a prosperous 
 man while in the house of 
 his master the Mizraiimite. 
 s And his master saw that 
 Iahveh was with him, and 
 that Iahveh made all that 
 he did to prosper in his 
 hand ; "and [oseph found 
 favour in his eyes, '' and 
 he made him ovei 
 over his bouse, an 1 all 
 that he had he pul into his 
 band ' And it < ame to 
 pass from the time thai he 
 made him overseer in his 
 
 Elohistic. 
 the pit was empty, no 
 water was iu it. 28a And 
 there passed by Midianites, 
 merchantmen ; and they 
 drew and lifted up Ioseph 
 out of the pit, 28c and 
 brought Ioseph into Miz- 
 raiim. 29 And Reuben re- 
 turned unto the pit; and, 
 behold, Ioseph was not in 
 the pit ; and he rent his 
 clothes, "and returned 
 unto his brethren, and 
 <;i id, 'The child is not; 
 and I. whither shall I go !' 
 And they sent . . . 
 * * * 
 
 1 And [akob rent his gar- 
 ments, and ]iui sackcloth 
 
 upon his loins. and 
 
 mourned for Ids bod man; 
 days. M And the Midian- 
 il Bold him into Mozraiim 
 unto Potiphar, an eunuch 
 of Pharaoh's, the chief 
 
 XXXI X 
 
 xxxvii 
 a 
 
 28 a 
 
 28C 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 32 a 
 
 4 a 34 
 
 36 
 
 • and let not onr hand be upon him/ cf. 22. The tahvistic narrative it 
 continued In xxxix. 1 4". e 13 ' Iighmaelites,' 1, cf. xxxvii, 25. .'7; 
 
 to prospi 1." , cf. xxiv. >i. 
 
 40. 42. - : <>; 'find favour In thi ' \.2i\ tf», 1 cf. udv. -v. \2. 
 
 vni. [6 . and ih<- Elohistic in xxxix. 1' Interrupt 1 y* . 1 t. xl 
 2-23 ■ 1 In' t exi a ; 1 1. xxxvii. 36 ; ' itolen, 1 
 
 not ' bought,' xxxvii. .js 1 '; drean ivil. 5*. 6 ff). In xxxix. 1 omit 
 
 'Potiphar, on eunuch oh, the duel executioner/ cf. xxxvii. .','■.
 
 1 1 2 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXS1X 
 
 4 1 ' 
 xl 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 house and over all that he 
 had, that Iahveh blessed 
 the house of the Mizraiim- 
 
 ite for Ioseph's sake ; and 
 the blessing of Iahveh was 
 upon all that he had, in the 
 house and in the field. 
 6 And he left all that he 
 had in Ioseph's hand so 
 that he knew not aught 
 that was his save the bread 
 which he did eat. Now 
 Ioseph was comely, and 
 well favoured. 7 And it 
 came to pass after a time, 
 that his master's wife did 
 cast her eyes on Ioseph ; 
 and she said, 'Lie with me.' 
 
 8 But he refused, and said 
 unto his master's wife, 'Be- 
 hold, my master knoweth 
 not what is with me in the 
 house, and he hath put all 
 that he hath into my hand ; 
 
 9 nor is he himself greater 
 
 Elohistic. 
 executioner ; ih and he was 
 servant unto him. ] And it 
 came to pass after these 
 things, {that the butler of the 
 king of Mizraiim and his baker 
 offended their lord the king of 
 Mizraiim} 2 that Pharaoh 
 was wroth against his two 
 eunuchs, the chief-butler 
 and the chief-baker; 3 and 
 he put them in ward in 
 the house of the chief- 
 executioner { into the prison, 
 the place where Ioseph was 
 bound}. 4 And the chief- 
 executioner put Ioseph in 
 charge of them, and he 
 was servant unto them : 
 and they continued a sea- 
 son in ward. 5 And they 
 dreamed a dream both of 
 them, each man his dream, 
 in one night, each man a 
 dream with its meaning 
 | the butler and the baker of 
 the king of Mizraiim, which 
 
 superfluous before 'a man of Mizraiim/ cf. 2. 5, and out of place, 
 because the eunuch Potiphar would have no wife, cf. 7 ff. In 10 omit 
 the marginal gloss 'to be with her.' In 20 omit ' the place where the 
 kind's prisoners were bound,' cf. xl. : a private man's slave would not be 
 put among the state prisoners, xl. 1 — ' And it came to pass after these 
 things, that the butler of the king of Mizraiim and his baker offended their 
 lord the king of Mizraiim ' is, except the first clause, a gloss : note ' king 
 of Mizraiim,' instead of 'Pharaoh,' 2. 7. 1 1 ; and ' butler,' instead of 'chief 
 butler.' In 3 omit ' into the prison, the place where Ioseph was bound,'
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 U3 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 in this house than I am ; 
 neither hath he kept back 
 anything from me but thee, 
 thou being his wife : how 
 then can I do this great 
 wickedness, and sin against 
 Elohim ? ' 10 And it came 
 to pass, as she spake to 
 Ioseph day by day, that 
 he hearkened not unto her 
 to lie with her {to Le with 
 her}. "And it came to pass 
 about this time, that he 
 went into the house to do 
 his work, and there was 
 none of the men of the 
 house there within. ls And 
 she caught him by his gar- 
 ment, sa\ ing, I .ie with 
 me : and he I'll I 
 
 ment in her hand, and fled, 
 and got him out ' And 
 it cam-' to pa -, when Bhe 
 thai he had left his 
 garment in her hand, and 
 
 Elohistic. 
 
 were bound in the prison}. 
 6 And when Ioseph came 
 in unto them in the morn- 
 ing and saw them, behold, 
 they were sad. 7 And he 
 asked Pharaoh's eunuchs 
 that were with him, in 
 ward in his master's house, 
 saying, ; Wherefore look 
 ye so sadly to-day ? ' 8 And 
 they said unto him, ' We 
 have dreamed a dream, 
 and there is none thai can 
 interpret it.' And Ioseph 
 •aid unto them, ' I >o no! 
 interpretations belong to 
 Elohim 1 but tell it me I 
 
 pray you. 
 
 And the 
 
 chief-bul ler told his dream 
 to Coseph, and said to him. 
 
 In my dream, behold, B 
 
 vine was before me ; '"and 
 on the vine wire three 
 branches : and scarcely 
 had it jpronted when its 
 
 XXXIX 
 
 xl 
 
 10 
 
 I I 
 
 I -• 
 
 IJl 10 
 
 cf. xxxix. 20. In g •■ii.it ' th<- butler and the baka of the king <>( 
 Mizraiim which were bound in the prison,' 1 1 xxxix. jo. xl. i. 3. In 15, 
 omit ' and here also have I done do il they should put me into 
 
 the dungeon,' cf. xxxix. 11 20. Thatxli Is the continuation ol 
 from 9-13, and ft'>m numerous signs thai the narrativ* is Elohi ti< 
 dream 1; ' 1 lohim,' r6 if 1 ; • . [0 eph oj the 
 
 •I'imii-r, 1 J. if. xl, y.i, \ a pi , c f xxxix. to J.;. The 
 
 d half of the 'I \\ all n lis : .;o 
 
 and 31, 34 1, and 35, 40 and ( 1 . 1 - i and it i. ; ' and r> • 1 
 
 1
 
 ii 4 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXXIX 
 
 xl 
 '4 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 
 »5 
 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 '7 
 
 14 
 
 18 
 
 I ah vi stic. 
 was fled forth, " that she 
 called unto the men of the 
 house, and spake unto 
 them, saying, ' See, he 
 hath brought in an Hebrew 
 unto us to wreak his folly 
 upon us ; he came in unto 
 me to lie with me, but I 
 cried with a loud voice : 
 15 and it came to pass, when 
 he heard that I lifted up 
 my voice and cried, that 
 he left his garment by me, 
 and fled, and got him out.' 
 10 And she laid up his gar- 
 ment by her until his 
 master came home. 17 And 
 she spakeunto him accord- 
 ing to these words, saying, 
 • The Hebrew slave which 
 thou hast brought unto us, 
 came in to me to wreak 
 his folly upon me; l8 and 
 it came to pass, as I lifted 
 up my voice and cried, 
 
 Elohistic. 
 bloom shot forth, and its 
 grape - clusters ripened. 
 11 And Pharaoh's cup was 
 in my hand ; and I took 
 the grapes, and pressed 
 them into Pharaoh's cup, 
 and I gave the cup into 
 Pharaoh's hand.' "And 
 Ioseph said unto him, 
 ' This is the interpretation 
 thereof: the three branches 
 are three days ; 13 within 
 yet three days shall Pha- 
 raoh lift up thine head, 
 and restore thee unto thine 
 office : and thou shalt give 
 Pharaoh's cup into his 
 hand, alter the former 
 manner when thou wast 
 his butler. u Only have 
 me in remembrance when 
 it shall be well with thee, 
 and shew kindness, I pray 
 thee, unto me, and make 
 mention of me unto Pha- 
 
 nnd 56"° and 57 b . Apparently fragments of the Iahvistic parallel, in- 
 troductory to xlvii. 13 ft", have here been worked into the Elohistic 
 narrative : note ' fifth part,' 34, cf. xlvii. 24 ; 'as the sand of the sea,' 49, 
 cf. xxxii. 12;' famine sore in the land,' ^6 C . 57 b , cf. xliii. 1. xlvii. 4. The 
 insertion of 31 has disarranged the Elohistic passage, which should run 29. 
 30. 28. 32. 35 follows on 34". 43". 45. 48. 50-53. 54". 55. 56 1 ", and 41 . 
 14 omit >)EV^ nnc 43''. 46*'. 47. 49 make improved texts. The 
 Iahvistic account of Ioseph's release from prison is omitted, as also the 
 corresponding section in the Priestly Hist. Bk. In 10 read on** for tn
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 1 I : 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 that he left his garment by 
 me and fled out.' "And 
 it came to pass, when his 
 master heard the words of 
 his wife, which she spake 
 unto him, saying, ' After 
 this manner did thy slave 
 unto me,' that his wrath 
 was kindled. \nd Io- 
 seph's master took him 
 and threw him into prison 
 
 the place where the king's 
 prisoners were bound}. But 
 
 while Ioseph was in pri 
 
 21 lahveh w.is with him, 
 
 and shewed kindness unto 
 
 him, and him favour 
 
 in tl of ihe pri 
 
 keeper. : And the prison* 
 
 per entrusted t>> the 
 band of Eoseph all the 
 prisoners th.it were in the 
 prison : and wlii 
 they did there, he was 
 the doer of it. I he 
 prison-kei pi i looked nol 
 
 nythingthal w.is under 
 
 Elohistic. 
 raoh, and bring me out of 
 this house : ,5 for indeed I 
 was stolen away out of 
 the land of the Hebrews, 
 j and here also have I clone 
 nothing that they should put me 
 into the dungeon}.' 16 Winn 
 
 now, the chief-baker saw 
 that the interpretation Svas 
 good, he said uuto Ioseph, 
 ' I also was in my dream, 
 and, behold, three baskets 
 of white bread were on 
 
 in\ head : 1T and in the 
 
 uppermosl baskel there 
 was of all manner of bake- 
 meate for Pharaoh ; and 
 the birds did eal them 
 wut of the basket upon 
 my head.' '' A ad [oseph 
 
 answered and said, ' This 
 
 is i lie mi, i |,i etation 
 thereof : the I bree baskets 
 are t hree days ; ' ' « ithin 
 yel t hive .1.1-, hull Pha 
 raoh lilt up thy bead from 
 oil' thee, and Bhall banc 
 
 XXXIX 
 
 xl 
 
 19 
 
 16 
 
 20 
 
 -•-' 
 
 IS 
 
 with lxx; in 1 |. n*a f^r -1-; with 1 • t Fori 11. j6* ■ ■ Pri itl) Hist 
 Hk- p. i;r The Iahvistic pa il [3 n imini was 
 
 in the land,' 13 io, 1 1. ■■ li Lii£, 1 slvii. » ; 'livi 
 
 vlii. i. xliii. h ; ' imd favoui in the < In itsi on 
 
 text among thi I [menUofxli. 1 ; it the Priest]) 
 
 redactor ha^ made various additions: hi 13, 1 |. 15, 'and the land «.( 
 
 Kenaan ' , n, ' only the land of the priests bought he not: fortheprii I 
 
 1 2
 
 n6 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xxxix 
 
 xl 
 
 20 
 
 xli 
 
 30 c 
 
 3t 
 
 21 
 
 34' 
 
 22 
 
 41 
 
 23 
 
 44 
 
 xli 
 
 i 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 his hand, because Iahveh 
 was with him; and what- 
 soever he did, Iahveh made 
 it to prosper. 
 
 * * * 
 
 30c 'And the famine shall 
 consume the land, 8l and 
 the plenty shall not be 
 known in the land by 
 reason of that faminewhich 
 followeth ; for it shall be 
 very grievous. S4 b And 
 let Pharaoh take up the 
 fifth part of the land of 
 Mizraiim in the seven 
 plenteous years.' 41 And 
 Pharaoh said unto Ioseph, 
 ' See, I have placed thee 
 over all the land of Miz- 
 raiim ' ; 44 and { Pharaoh } he 
 said {unto Ioseph}, 'I am 
 Pharaoh, and without thee 
 shall no man lift up his 
 hand or his foot in all 
 the land of Mizraiim'; 
 
 Elohistie. 
 thee on a tree ; and the 
 birds shall eat thy flesh 
 from off thee.' M And it 
 came to pass the third 
 day, which was Pharaoh's 
 birthday, that he made a 
 feast unto all his servants : 
 and he lifted up the head 
 of the chief-butler and the 
 head of the chief-baker 
 anions his servants : 2I the 
 chief-butler he restored to 
 his butleiship again, and 
 he gave the cup into 
 Pharaoh's hand : 22 but he 
 hanged the chief-baker : 
 as Ioseph had interpreted 
 unto them. n Yet did not 
 the chief-butler remember 
 Ioseph, but forgot him. 
 'And at the end of two 
 full years it came to pass 
 that Pharaoh dreamed : 
 and, behold, he stood by 
 the river. 2 And lo, out of 
 
 had a portion from Pharaoh, and did eat their portion which Pharaoh 
 gave them ; wherefore they sold not their land,' which interrupts 21. 23, 
 and reveals the profession of the interpolator ; and 26, ' And Ioseph 
 made it a statute concerning the land of Mizraiim unto this day that 
 Pharaoh should have the fifth ; only the land of the priests alone 
 became not Pharaoh's.' In 16 supply DDi from LXX; in 21 read 
 z --, :r7 inH Vayn with LXX; and in 24 omit □3E^'i ^3*oi with 
 1. xx. xlii. 1-9 may be somewhat conjccturally but sufficiently 
 clearly, separated into Iahvistic [i° (jead 'Iisrael') 2 (supply ' to his
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 43 b and he placed him over 
 all the land of Mizraiim. 
 4 * b And Ioseph went out 
 from the presence of Pha- 
 raoh, and went throughout 
 all the land of Mizraiim. 
 47 And in the seven plen- 
 teous years the earth 
 brought forth by hand- 
 fills. *' And Ioseph laid 
 up corn as the sand of the 
 sea, very much, until he 
 left numbering ; for it was 
 without number. 
 
 * * * 
 
 \nd the famine was 
 grievous in the land of 
 Mizraiim ; ' and there 
 was no br< ad in all the 
 land, bo that the land ol 
 Mizraiim [and the land ol 
 Kenaan] fail I d b) r< 
 of the famii l *And 
 
 tiered up all the 
 mone) th ii was found in 
 
 Elohistic. 
 the river came up seven 
 kine, well-favoured and 
 fat-fleshed ; and they fed 
 in the reed-grass. 3 And 
 lo, seven other kine came 
 up alter them out of the 
 river, ill-favoured and 
 lean-fleshed ; and they 
 stood by the other kine on 
 the hank of the river. 
 1 And the ill-favoured and 
 lean-fleshed kine did eat 
 up the seven well-favoured 
 and tat kine. And Pha- 
 raoh awoke. " And he 
 dipt ami dreamed a 
 ond t line : and. behold, 
 seven ears of corn came 
 
 up "i e stalk thick am! 
 
 id. " A nd. behold, se^ en 
 ea i b t bin and parched by 
 t he eai I w ind, Bprang up 
 after them. ' And I be 
 thin eai wallov ed up the 
 
 ■ ii t hick and full c.n-. 
 
 xli 
 
 43 1 ' 
 
 4 6 h 
 
 47 
 
 40 
 
 56 c 
 
 xlvii 
 '3 
 
 '4 7 
 
 frmn the parallel in i i 'lesl peradventnre mischiel 
 him,' cf. xliv. :<) ; supply from .(". ' But <>t Uiniamin he lid, I le skall 
 not go 1 bow< 
 
 them him with their faces to the earth,' cl i liii. 26 itlviii. 
 
 I lohistic [i b r ■ i . 
 
 ('dreams,' cf. xxxvii. 6 io tinuations of the con 
 
 narratives in xli. In 6 omit ' ■■• noi late word c^tfn ovi i thi 
 
 land': the text probably ran 'on Min novr I b< Elol 
 
 un in xlii. lo , !■:< ubl n
 
 llS 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xlvii 
 xli 
 
 IS 
 
 16 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 
 18 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 the land of Mizniiim {and 
 in the land of Kenaanj, for 
 the corn which was 
 bought : and Ioseph 
 brought the money into 
 Pharaoh's house. u, And 
 when the money was all 
 spent in the land of Miz- 
 raiitn {and in the land of 
 Kenaan}, all the Mizraiim- 
 ites came unto Ioseph and 
 said, ' Give us bread : for 
 why should we die in thy 
 presence? for our money 
 failedi.' ''And Ioseph said, 
 ' Give your cattle, and I 
 will give you [bread] for 
 your cattle, if money fail.' 
 17 And they brought their 
 cattle unto Ioseph : and 
 Ioseph gave them bread 
 in exchange for the horses, 
 and for the flocks, and 
 for the herds, and for the 
 asses : and fed them with 
 bread in exchange for all 
 their cattle for that year. 
 18 And when that year was 
 
 Elohistic. 
 And Pharaoh awoke, and 
 behold it was a dream. 
 8 And it came to pass in 
 the morning that his mind 
 \v;is troubled ; and he sent 
 ;nid called for the holy 
 scribes of Mizraiim, and 
 all the wise men thereof: 
 and Pharaoh told them 
 his dream[s],but there was 
 none that could interpret 
 them unto Pharaoh. 9 And 
 the chief-butler spake unto 
 Pharaoh, saying, ' Of my 
 faults T must make men- 
 tion this day. I0 Pharaoh 
 was wroth against his 
 servants, and put [them] in 
 ward in the house of the 
 chief-executioner, me and 
 the chief-baker : u and we 
 dreamed a dream in one 
 night, I and he ; we 
 dreamed each man a dream 
 with its meaning. 12 And 
 there was with us there a 
 young man, an Hebrew, 
 slave of the chief-execu- 
 
 ns leader, 22. 37, cf. xxxvii. 22. 29 ; discovery of the money at home, 
 35, cf. ' provision lor the way,' 25 ; ' Iakob,' 29. 36. The Iahvistic parallel 
 26 2 8 a (discovery of the money at the lodging- place, cf. xliii. 21 ; note 
 • bag,' not ' sack,' 25. 35 ; restore ' bag' in 27") 38 (' if mischief befall him,' 
 cf. 4 b ; ' gray hairs with sorrow to Sheol,' cf. xxxvii. 35. xliv. 29) may be
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 119 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 ended, they came unto him 
 the second year, and said 
 unto him. ' We will not 
 hide from my lord how 
 that our money is all spent, 
 and the herds of cattle are 
 my lord's : there is nought 
 left in the sight of my lord, 
 but our bodies and our 
 lands : 19 wherefore should 
 we die before thine ey< s, 
 both we and our land? 
 buy us and our land for 
 bread, and we and our 
 land will be slaves unto 
 Pharaoh : and give DS seed 
 that we may live and not 
 die, and that the land be 
 notdest • And [oseph 
 
 bought all the 1 Hid of Miz- 
 rahm for Pharaoh : for the 
 Mizraiirnitea sold every 
 man his field, 1 the 
 
 ; ievous ii] on 
 them, and the land 1" 1 ime 
 Pharaoh's. ' And as for 
 
 xlvii 
 xli 
 
 Elohistie. 
 tioner; and we told him, 
 and he interpreted to us 
 our dreams ; to each man 
 according to his dream did 
 he interpret. ls And it 
 came to pass, as he inter- 
 preted to us, so it was : 
 me they restored to my of- 
 fice, and him they hanged.' 
 14 And Pharaoh sent and 19 14 
 called [oseph, and they 
 brought him hastily out 
 
 of the jdungeonj [house], 
 and he shaved himself, and 
 changed his raiment, and 
 came in unto Pharaoh. 
 And Pharaoh said unto 
 I eph, ' 1 have dreamed 
 
 a dream, and there is mine . 
 
 t hat can interpret ii : bul 
 1 have heard Baj of t hee 
 that thon hasi onlj to 
 hear a dream to interpi el 
 it.' \nd [oseph an- 
 
 red Pharaoh saj ing ' It 
 i aol in me : Elohim -hall 21 
 
 e.'. i<; 13. xliii. 7 11. iii 20 <niiit the k' ,,ss ' aMi ' they 
 did 
 
 xliii an'l xliv rly [ahviltic : ' fami land,' xliii. I, 
 
 cf. xl: JO ; ' ii htidah,' cf. ■ 
 
 xlii. 22. 37, tal lead, 3. 8. xliv. 14. 18; '1 6 - 1 1 . 
 
 ' live and aol die, 1 B. 1 f. xlii. 2 ; the pn lent, 1 1 . 1 I ii. 25 ; 
 
 • bags,' 1 2. i«. j 1 « f. xlii. 2- . xliv 
 xiu 2- ; ' bowed down t h< niselw 1 to him to the earth,' a6, • 1 ili
 
 I JO 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xlvii 
 '7 
 
 22 
 
 23 19 
 
 24 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 2^ 
 
 11 
 
 26 *3 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 the people { he removed them 
 to the cities [ [he made them 
 slaves] from one end of 
 Mizraiim to the other. 
 
 \f : Only the laud of the priests 
 bought he not : for the priests 
 had a portion from Pharaoh, 
 and did eat their portion which 
 Pharaoh gave them : icdierefore 
 they sold not their land. J 
 And Ioseph said unto 
 the people, ' Behold, I 
 have bought you this day 
 and your land for Pharaoh : 
 lo, here is seed for you, 
 and ye shall sow the land. 
 u And it shall come to 
 pass, at the ingatherings ; 
 that ye shall give a fifth 
 unto Pharaoh, and four 
 parts shall be your own, 
 for seed of the field, and for 
 your food, and for them 
 of your households {and 
 for food for your little ones J.' 
 -'And they said, 'Thou 
 hast saved our lives : let 
 us find favour in the eyes 
 of my lord, and we will be 
 slaves unto Pharaoh. { n And 
 Joseph made it a statute con- 
 
 Elohistic. 
 give Pharaoh an answer 
 of peace.' n And Pharaoh 
 spake unto Ioseph, ' In my 
 dream, heboid, I stood on 
 the bank of the river : 
 18 and lo, there came up 
 out of the river seven 
 kine fat-fleshed and well- 
 favoured ; and they fed in 
 the reed-grass : 19 and he- 
 hold, seven other kine 
 came up after them, poor 
 and very ill-favoured and 
 lean-fleshed, such as 1 
 never saw in all the land 
 of Mizraiim for badness: 
 and the lean and ill- 
 favoured kine did eat up 
 the first seven fat kine : 
 
 21 and when they had eaten 
 them up, it could not he 
 known that they had eaten 
 them ; hid they were still 
 ill-favoured as at the be- 
 ginning; and I awoke. 
 
 22 And I saw in my dream, 
 and, behold, seven ears 
 came up on one stalk, full 
 and good: ^ and, behold, 
 seven ears, withered, thin, 
 
 ' lifted up his eyes and saw,' 29, cf. xviii. 2. xxiv. 63. xxxiii. 1. xxxvii. 25 ; 
 ' child of his old age,' xliv. 20, cf. xxi. 2". xxxvii. 3 ; 'his brother is dead, 
 ami he alone is left,' 20, cf. xlii. 38; 'tear in pieces/ 28, cf. xxxvii. 33;
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 121 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 cerning the land of Mizraiim 
 unto this day, that Pharaoh 
 should have the fifth ; only the 
 land of the priests became not 
 
 Pharaoh's.'- Mb And there 
 was famine in all lands ; 
 but in all the land of Miz- 
 raiim there was bread. 
 57 And all countries came 
 into Mizraiim to Ioseph 
 for to buy corn, because 
 the famine was grievous 
 in all the earth. la And 
 when {Iakob} [Iisrael] saw- 
 that there was corn in Miz- 
 raiim, "he said [to his sons], 
 
 Bi hoi 1. I have heard that 
 ih<re is corn in Mizraiim : 
 get you down thither, and 
 buy for us from then< e,that 
 we may live and not die.' 
 
 But of Biniamin he said, 
 
 ' I [e shall not w down, | 
 • b lesl peradventure a 
 
 < hief befall him. 
 
 And 
 
 the sons of Iisrael came 
 to buy among th< ra that 
 
 Elohistic. 
 
 [and] parched bj the east 
 wind, sprang up after 
 them : "* and the thin ears 
 swallowed up the seven 
 good ones : and I told it 
 unto the holy scribes, but 
 there was none that could 
 declare it unto me.' 25 And 
 Ioseph said unto Pharaoh, 
 • The dream of Pharaoh 
 is one: what Elohim is 
 about to do he hath de- 
 clared onto Pharaoh. '■' The 
 seven good kim- are -even 
 years : and t he seven good 
 e.n - are b&\ en j ears : the 
 dream is one. And the 
 seven lean and ill-favoui ed 
 Line thai came up after 
 them are Beven yi ara, and 
 also t be seven empty eai - 
 parched by t lie east wind : 
 they shall he seven j i 
 of famine. '' I'" bold, t bi re 
 come seven yeai ol gr< at 
 plenty throughoui all the 
 
 xli 
 
 24 
 
 M 
 
 xlii 
 a 
 
 < .lllle. 
 
 Now foseph land <>t M izraiim 
 
 
 -7 
 
 JQ 
 
 and '• .'/ 
 
 ..1, 
 
 LI him, 1 ; ' gray haira with torrow to Sheol, 
 
 xxxvii. 35. xlii. 38, In xlii. 37 Reuben proposes ii 
 
 return to r» 1 bnl in diii. 1 li I 1 Lasl 
 
 through lnik ol food in Kenaan : xlii. 38, which 11 in its righl place 
 
 diii. 7, has I i word 1 %\ ith [< hudah's 
 
 diii, i} 1 tly Hi.t. Bk. p. 177. In .•.','' omit 'And he 
 
 brought Milium.! oat unto them,' which internipl f, and ha
 
 1 2 2 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xli 
 
 28 
 
 -c 
 
 32 
 
 xliv 
 
 33 
 
 [xliii 
 
 7] 
 [xliv 
 
 ,oj 
 
 3 r' 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 - the governor over the 
 land] himself sold to all 
 the people of the land, 
 and when {Ioseph's} [his] 
 brethren came and bowed 
 themselves down to him 
 with their faces to the 
 earth, 8 Ioseph knew his 
 brethren, but they knew 
 not him. 7c And [IosephJ 
 said unto them, ' Whence 
 come ye ? ' and they said, 
 ■ From the land of Kenaan 
 to buy food.' [ l0 And 
 Ioseph spake to them, say- 
 ing, 'Have ye a father? 
 7 Is he yet alive ? Have 
 ye a brother? ' 20 and 
 they said unto him, ' We 
 have a father, an old 
 man, and a child of his 
 old age, a little one ; and 
 his brother is dead, and 
 he alone is left of his 
 
 mother, and his father 
 21 
 
 Elohistic. 
 there shall arise after them 
 seven years of famine; 
 and all the plenty shall be 
 forgotten in the land of 
 Mizraiim. 28 That is the- 
 thing which 1 spake unto 
 Pharaoh : what Elohim is 
 about to do he hath 
 shewed unto Pharaoh. 
 32 And for that the dream 
 was doubled unto Pha- 
 raoh, it is because the 
 tiling is established of 
 Elohim ; and Elohim will 
 shortly bring it to pass. 
 s3 Now therefore let Pha- 
 raoh look out a man dis- 
 creet and wise, and set 
 him over the land of Miz- 
 raiim. 34a And let him 
 appoint overseers over the 
 land ; 88 and let them 
 gather all the food of 
 these good years that 
 come, and lay up corn 
 under tin- hand of Pharaoh 
 
 loveth him.' "'And Ioseph 
 
 inserted with an eye on xlii. 24. In xliv. 1 supply ' Ioseph ' from LXX. 
 Omit 'and put every man's money in his bag's mouth,' and in 2, 'and 
 his corn money,' as attempts to heighten the generosity of Ioseph : 
 nothing is said of the finding of the money in 11. 12. In 4 supply from 
 : ' why have ye stolen my silver cup.' In 16 omit ' Iehudah,' and read 
 ncx'i : note ' what shall we say' ; in 18 Iehudah draws near to speak. 
 xlv is a difficult chapter. That it is composite is clear from the 
 presence alike of Iahvistic ('sold into Mizraiim,' 4, cf. xxxvii. 27. 28;
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 "3 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 said unto them, ' Bring 
 him down unto me, that I 
 may set mine eyes upon 
 him.' '"'And they said 
 unto him, ' The lad can- 
 not leave his father : for 
 if he should leave his 
 father, his father would 
 die.' 2: * And Ioseph said 
 unto hi> brethren, ' Except 
 your youngest brother 
 come down with you, ye 
 shall seemyf.u e no more.' I 
 And they laded their 
 ■ s with their corn, and 
 departed then* e. '-" And as 
 the first opened his {sack} 
 bag |togivehis .i v ~ pri (ven- 
 der at the lodging-place, 
 he espied his money ; and. 
 behold, it was in the mouth 
 of his bag. -'' ' And he said 
 unto bis brethren, 'My 
 money is r< 01 I J and 
 lo it is even in my | 
 
 \nd when they opened 
 their bags, behold, every 
 
 Elohistic. 
 for food in the cities, and 
 let them keep it. 36 And 
 the food shall he for a 
 store to the land against 
 the seven years of famine, 
 which shall he in the land 
 of Mi/.raiim ; that the 
 land perish not through 
 the famine.' S7 And the 
 thing w;is good in Pha- 
 raoh's eves, and in the 
 eyes of all his servants. 
 38 Ami Pharaoh said unto 
 his servants, ' Tan we find 
 -mil an one as this, in 
 whom is the spirit of 
 Elohim I' "And Pharaoh 
 said onto [oseph, ' Foras- 
 much ai Blohim hath 
 shewed thee all this, there 
 i- none so di 11 reel and 
 w ise as thou ait : '" t boo 
 shall be over mj bouse, 
 
 and 11 lit n thy lie mt 1 1 dial I 
 
 all in\ people rabmil t hem 
 elves : only in i lie 1 hrone 
 
 di.ill I I • ' ■ i- t han 
 
 [xlivl 
 xli 
 
 36 
 [..] 
 
 ['3] 
 
 37 
 
 38 
 xlii 
 26 
 
 -'7 
 
 39 
 
 
 xliii 
 
 1 . hen,' 10, cf. \M. 18, not 'Mizrailm' u lo [8. .-o. itlvi, .( ; favoni 
 toward Biniamin, 22, cf. xliii. .■, 1 . I liii. 7. 2-. is ; 
 
 j 1. 2S ; • tx fore 1 dii .' 1. ■■ li\ 19, .'.i and 
 
 Elohistii 1 J 0; 'Iakob, 1 i?\ 'pi foi the way,' 
 
 31, cf. xlii. 2? ; 'good in I'har.v and in tie ey< • "I In 
 
 16, cf. xli. 37 ; the spreading oi thi news in Pharaoh Icob'i
 
 12 4 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xlii 
 xli 
 
 »8 b 
 
 xliii 
 
 i 
 
 4-* 
 
 3 45 
 
 4 8 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 man's money was in 
 the mouth of his bag.] 
 28 "And their heart failed 
 them. * : And the famine 
 was grievous in the land. 
 - And it came to pass, 
 when they had made an 
 end of eating the corn 
 which they had brought 
 from Mizraiim, their father 
 said unto them, ' Go again, 
 buy us a little food.' 3 And 
 lehudah spake unto him, 
 saying, ' The man did 
 solemnly protest unto us, 
 saying, Ye shall not see 
 my face except your 
 brother be with you. 4 If 
 thou wilt send our brother 
 with us, we will go down 
 and buy thee food : ° but 
 if thou wilt not send him, 
 we will not go down : for 
 the man said unto us, 
 Ye shall not see my face 
 except your brother be 
 with you.' '' And Iisrael 
 . ' W'lurefore dealt ye 
 
 Elohistic. 
 thou.' 42 And Pharaoh 
 took off his signet ring 
 from his hand, and put it 
 ujion the hand of Ioseph, 
 and arrayed him iu vesture 
 of fine linen, and put a 
 gold chain about his neck ; 
 43a and he made him to 
 ride in the second chariot 
 which he had; and they 
 cried before him, ' Abrech, 
 bow the knee ! ' 4r 'And 
 Pharaoh called Ioseph's 
 name ' Zaphenath-Pane- 
 ach ' (' preserver of life '), 
 and gave him to wife Ase- 
 nath, the daughter of 
 Potiphera, priest of On. 
 And Ioseph went out over 
 the land of Mizraiim, 48 and 
 gathered up all the food 
 of the seven years which 
 were in the land of Miz- 
 raiim, and laid up the 
 food in the cities : the 
 food of the field, which 
 was round about every 
 city, he laid up in the 
 
 arrival, 16, and Pharaoh's offer to Ioseph's brethren, 17 : of which 
 nothing is known in xlvi. 31) elements. I would suggest the rather 
 conjectural parallels: Iahvistic, 1. 4 (' come near,' cf. xliv. 18J 12 (out 
 of place between II. 13) 14 ('fell on his neck and wept,' cf. xxxiii. 4; 
 J5. 22 (omit '300 pieces of silver,' as priestly interpolation like i^,
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 125 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 so ill with me as to tell 
 the man whether ye had 
 a brother ? ' 7 And they 
 said, ' The man asked 
 straitly concerning our- 
 selves, and concerning our 
 kindred, saying. Is your 
 father yet alive ? Have ye 
 a brother? and we told 
 him according to the tenor 
 of these words : < ould we 
 in any wise know that 
 he would say, Bring your 
 brother down.' ;: ~ But ln- 
 said, ' My -'in shall not 
 go down with you; for 
 his brother is dead, and he 
 only i> left: if mischief 
 befall him by the way in 
 the whii h ye go, then shall 
 ye bring down ni\ | 
 
 hairs in sorrow to Sheol.' 
 1 And lehudah said unto 
 [isra 1 his father, ' S 
 the lad with me, and we 
 
 Elohistic. 
 same ro And unto Ioseph 
 were born two sons before 
 the year of famine came, 
 which A -runt li, the daugh- 
 ter of Potiphera, priest of 
 On, bare unto him. "And 
 Ioseph calk (I the name of 
 the firstborn 'Menasheh' 
 (' making to forget '); 'for,' 
 said he, ' Elohim hath 
 made me to forgel all my 
 toil, and all my father's 
 house.' A m t the name 
 of the second called he 
 
 • Ephraiim ' ('fruitful'); 
 
 • for,' I said he |. ' Elohim 
 hat h made me fruil I u 1 in 
 t he land of my afflict ion.' 
 
 And the even yeai of 
 plenty, that was in the 
 land of Mizraiim, came to 
 an cud ; M ' and the S( TOD 
 
 years oi famine began to 
 come, accoi ding as Ioseph 
 
 had said. And when idl 
 
 xliii 
 xli 
 50 
 
 5i 
 
 \1 n 
 
 53 
 
 54" 
 
 xliii 
 
 s 
 
 55 
 
 vthoua,T\ nded, this do •■ , ■ -. apply 'And be 
 
 said' ply ' and say unto him ' n* u pply'andthej 
 
 came to Iisrael their fathei »7 b (omit *] fore ' Iisrael ') 28 ; 
 
 and Elofa Id 'Ioseph') 3 duplicate of 1, 'I am Ioseph'; omit 
 
 'doth my father yet live,' cf, xliii. 27 f. xli pply * and Ioseph said ' ; 
 
 omit ' thai ye lold roe hither,' taken from 4, cl I me hithi r*) 6. 7.8 
 
 omit ' ninl ruli ll the land oi Mizraiim, from ■'• •> 11' (follows 
 
 well on 9 13.16 1 -.jo. j 1 '■ omit a I*: 'And thi 1 1 did o'; 
 
 and re, i<l 'Am i did acccording to the commandment of Pharaoh')
 
 126 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xliii 
 xli 
 
 ;6 b 
 
 56 a 
 
 10 
 
 xlii 
 
 rb 
 
 II 
 
 12 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 will arise and go ; that we 
 may live and not die, both 
 we, and thou, and also 
 our little ones. 9 1 will be 
 surety for him ; of my 
 hand shalt thou require 
 him : if I bring him not 
 unto thee, and set him 
 before thee, then let me 
 bear the blame for ever: 
 
 10 for unless we had lin- 
 gered, surely we had now- 
 returned a second time.' 
 
 11 And their father Iisrael 
 said unto them, ' If now it 
 be so, do this : take of 
 the choice fruits of the 
 land in your vessels, and 
 carry down the man a 
 present, a little balm, and 
 a little honey, spicery and 
 myrrh, nuts and almonds : 
 
 12 and take double money 
 in your hand; and the 
 
 Elohistic. 
 the land of Mizraiim was 
 famished, the people cried 
 to Pharaoh for bread : 
 and Pharaoh said unto all 
 the Mizraiimites, 'Go unto 
 Ioseph ; what he saith to 
 you, do.' B8b And Ioseph 
 opened all the storehouses, 
 and sold unto the Mizrai- 
 imites. 56a Andthe famine 
 was over all the face 
 of the earth. ' b And 
 Iakob said unto his sons, 
 ' Why look ye one upon 
 another?' 5b for the famine 
 was in the land of Kenaan. 
 3 And Ioseph' 8 ten breth- 
 ren went down to buy corn 
 from Mizraiim; 4a but 
 Biniamin,Iose[)h's brother, 
 Iakob sent not with his 
 brethren. ' :i And Ioseph 
 saw his brethren, and he 
 knew them ; 9a and he 
 
 24 b (23 — ' And to his father he sent after this manner : ten asses laden 
 with the good things of Mizraiim, and ten she-asses laden with corn and 
 bread and victual fur his father by the way,' is a gloss like xliv. i 1 '; 
 24 b ill fits with 24", after ' they departed') 25. 27". For xlvi. 6-27 see 
 Priestly Hist. Jik. pp. 1 77 f. xlvi. 1" ('Iisrael ' ; 'journeyed,' cf. xxxiii. 17. 
 xxxv. 5 ; ' all that he had,' cf. xlv. 10 ; ' Beersheba,' cf xxvi. 23. 33) serves 
 as an excellent link between xlv. 28 and xlvi. 28-34 ('Iehudah' again 
 takes the lead, 28, cf. xliv. 14; 'Iisrael,' 29. 30 ; ' Goshen,' 28. 29. 34, 
 cf. xlv. 10; 'fell on his neck and wept,' 29, cf. xlv. 14; 'see thy face,' 
 30, cf. xliii. 3. 5. xliv. 23. 26. xlv. 28 ; ' yet alive,' 30, cf. xliii. 7. 27. xlv.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 '-7 
 
 Iahvistie. 
 money that was restored 
 in the mouth of vour hairs 
 carry again in your hand ; 
 peradventure it was an 
 oversight: ,a take also your 
 brother, and arise, go ai 
 unto the man.' { Ut AndEl 
 Almighty give you mercy before 
 the man, that he may release 
 unto you your other brother and 
 Biniamin. And if I am bereav- 
 ed of my sons, lam berem. 
 
 '' And the men took that 
 j * r < ind they took 
 
 double money in their 
 hand, and Iiiniamin ; and 
 rose up, and went down 
 to Mizraiim, and stood 
 before los ph. And 
 when loseph saw Biniamin 
 with them, he said to the 
 
 of bis ho 
 ' Bring the men into the 
 bouse, and slaj , and m 
 ready ; for the men shall 
 dine with me at noon.' 
 :id the man did as 
 ph bade, and the man 
 bri »ught the mi n into i 
 
 Elohistic. 
 remembered the dreams 
 which he had dreamed of 
 them; 7b and he made 
 himself strange unto them, 
 and spake roughly with 
 them, 9b and said unto 
 them, 'Ye are spies! to see 
 the nakedness of the land 
 ye are come.' 10 And fchej 
 said unto him, ' Nay, my 
 lord, but to buy food are 
 thy servants come : " we 
 are all one man's sons ; we 
 arc true nn n. 1 liy servants 
 are no spits.' '-' And he 
 Baid uiitu t hem, ' Nay, hut 
 tn Bee the nakedness oi 
 the land ye are come.' 
 And they said, ' We thj 
 ervani are twi Ive breth- 
 ren, t he Bona of one man 
 
 ill the laud nf Imii.uh 
 
 and, behold, I be j ounge I 
 if this day with our father, 
 and one is not.' " And 
 to '|'li said onto t hem, ' It 
 i .1 I ipake uiitu you, 
 
 xliii 
 
 xlii 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 ,b 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 i . 
 
 1 6 
 
 13 
 
 1 l 
 
 lying, 
 
 Ye 
 
 
 pie 
 
 16. a8; 'Abomination onto the Mizraiimitet,' .-, i cC icliii 33; 'theii 
 
 and tin It hi rd», and all tl bul ihrt 
 
 learly Elohistic 'Elohim/a; 'dream, lii. 10 ff. xxxi. 
 
 24. xxxvii. 6 it, xl. j li. \li ; ' [akob, takob .... 1 1 I." . 1. ixii, 
 
 1. 1 1. xxvii. 1. xxxi. 1 1. xxxii. 1 , , 'i will make <>f 1. t nation,'
 
 ra8 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xli V-. Iahvistic. 
 
 xln 
 
 is i ? Ioseph's house. 18 And 
 the men were afraid, be- 
 cause they were brought 
 into Ioseph's house; and 
 they said, ' Because of the 
 
 1 6 money that was restored 
 in our bags at the first 
 time are we brought in ; 
 that he may turn against 
 us, and fall upon us, and 
 take us for slaves, and our 
 
 19 asses.' "And they came 
 
 1 7 near to the steward of 
 Ioseph's house, and spake 
 unto him at the door of 
 
 s the house, 20 and said, ' O 
 
 my lord, we came indeed 
 
 down at the first to buy 
 
 bread : 21 and it came to 
 
 pass, when we came to 
 
 the lodging-place, that we 
 
 opened our bags, and, 
 
 behold, every man's money 
 
 -° was in the mouth of his 
 
 bag, our money in full 
 
 and we have 
 
 again in our 
 
 hand. n And other money 
 
 2i 19 
 
 weight 
 
 brought it 
 
 be 
 
 Elohistic. 
 15 hereby ye shall 
 proved : by the life of 
 Pharaoh ye shall not go 
 forth hence, except your 
 youngest brother come 
 hither. 10 Send one of 
 you, and let him fetch 
 your brother, and ye shall 
 be bound, that your words 
 may be proved, whether 
 there be truth in you : or 
 else by the life of Pharaoh 
 surely ye are spies.' 17 And 
 he put them all together 
 into ward three days. 
 18 And Ioseph said unto 
 them the third day, ' Do 
 this, and live, as I fear 
 Elohim : 1<J if ye be true 
 men let one of your bre- 
 thren be bound in your 
 prison-house; but go ye 
 carry corn for the famine 4 
 of your houses : 20 and 
 bring your youngest bro- 
 ther unto me ; so shall 
 your words be verified, 
 and ye shall not die.' 
 
 j, cf. xxi. 13. iS . Therefore i b (' and offered sacrifices unto the God of 
 his father Iizchak ') and 5 (' And Iakob rose up from Beersheba : and the 
 sons of lisrael carried Iakob their father, and their little ones, and their 
 wives, in the wagons which Pharaoh had sent to carry them ') must be 
 ascribed to the editor, the former to introduce 3 (' the God of thy
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 129 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 have we brought down in 
 our hand to buy food : we 
 know not who put our 
 money in our bags.' 
 - And he said, 'Peace 
 be unto you, fear not : 
 your God, and the God 
 of your father, hath given 
 you treasure in your bags : 
 I had your money.' {And 
 he brought Shimeon out unto 
 them.} -'And the man 
 brought the men into 
 Ioseph's house, and gave 
 them water, and they 
 bed their feet : an i be 
 gave their asses prov< nder. 
 And they made ready 
 the present against [< • 
 came at noon: for they 
 heard that they Bhould eat 
 bread there. M And when 
 I- eph came home, they 
 brought him the pre i ul 
 whii h was in their band 
 into the bouse, and bowed 
 down themselves to him 
 
 Elohistic. 
 {And they did so.} a And 
 they said one to another, 
 ' We are verily guilty 
 concerning our brother, 
 in that we saw the distress 
 of his soul, when he be- 
 sought US, and we would 
 not hear ; therefore is this 
 distress come upon us.' 
 22 And Reuben answered 
 them, saying, 'Spake I 
 not unto you, saying, Do 
 not sin against the child, 
 and ye would not hear 1 
 therefore also, behold, his 
 
 hi 1 is required.' M Ami 
 
 they knew not that Iosepb 
 understood them ; for 
 there was an interpreter 
 bet ween them. '"' And he 
 i urned himself aboul from 
 
 1 In in. and wept ; and he 
 
 returned to them, and 
 spake to them, and took 
 Shimeon from among I hem, 
 and bound him before 
 i heir ej bb. A ml [o i pb 
 
 xliii 
 xlii 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 »4 
 
 -V. 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 fathers' , and the latter, which ihowi acquaintance with slv. [9. -T. to 
 council 2 4 with 18 ff, with which, before thi insertion "i 6 if, ll 
 original!) itood In j read 'Iakob' lor 'lisrael,' cf. 1. '" - ,s read 
 nnrtb with 1. xx, cf. 20. lii ',2 omit the explanatory jlo -. foi the] 
 have been keepers "i cattle,' cf. 34. arvii. i 5* i> the continuation ol 
 xlvi. 28-34: note 'their flocks, ami then herds, and all that they hare,' 
 
 K
 
 13° 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xliii 
 xlii 
 
 27 
 
 29 
 
 2 9 
 
 3° 
 
 31 
 
 30 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 
 3i 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 to the earth. 27 And he 
 asked them of their wel- 
 fare, and said, ' Is your 
 father well, the old man 
 of whom ye spake ? Is he 
 yet alive?' 28 And they 
 said, 'Thy servant our 
 father is well, he is yet 
 alive ' : and they bowed 
 tin- head and made obeis- 
 ance. 29 And he lifted up 
 his eyes, and saw Biniamin 
 his brother, his mother's 
 son, and said, • Is this 
 your youngest brother of 
 whom ye spake unto me ? ' 
 30 And he said, 'Elohim 
 be gracious unto thee, my 
 son.' And Ioseph made 
 haste, for his bowels did 
 yearn upon his brother : 
 and he sought where to 
 weep ; and he entered 
 into his chamber and vrepi 
 there. 31 And he washed 
 his face, and came out ; 
 and he restrained himself, 
 and said, ' Set on bread.' 
 
 Elohistic. 
 commanded to fill their 
 vessels with corn, and to 
 restore every man's money 
 into his sack, and to give 
 them provision for the 
 w r ay : and thus was it- 
 done unto them. 29 And 
 they came unto lakob their 
 father unto the land of 
 Kenaan, and told him all 
 that had befallen theni, 
 
 saying, 
 
 The 
 
 man, the 
 
 lord of the land, spake 
 roughly with us, and took 
 us for spies of the eountry. 
 sl And we said unto him, 
 We are true men, we are 
 no spies : 32 we he twelve 
 brethren, sons of our 
 father ; one is not, and 
 the youngest is this day 
 with our lather in the land 
 of Kenaan. 33 And the 
 man, the lord of the land, 
 said unto us, Hereby shall 
 I know that ye are true 
 nun : leave one of your 
 brethren with me, and 
 
 with 3 cf. xlvi. 33 f ; ' famine 
 13; and with this petition to 
 
 1, cf. xlv. 10. xlvi. 32 ; 'Goshen,' 1. 4; 
 grievous in the land/ 4, cf. xliii. 1. xlvii. 
 Pharaoh cf. his voluntary offer in xlv. 16-18. For 5''. 6\ 7-1 1. 27''. 28 
 I'riestly Mist. Bk. pp. 178 f; and 13-26 have already been dealt 
 with, pp. 117 ff. 5" is continued in 6 1 ' ('let them dwell in the land of 
 Goshen,' not 'in the best of the land of Mizraiim,' 6") 27" ('Iisrael';
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 '3' 
 
 for 
 
 Iahvistie. 
 82 And they set on 
 him by himself, and for 
 them by themselves, and 
 for the Mizraiimites which 
 did eat with him, by them- 
 selves : because the Miz- 
 raiimites might not eat 
 bread with the Hebrews: 
 for that is an abomination 
 unto the Mizraiimites. 
 And the) sat before 
 him, the firstborn accord- 
 ing to his birthright, an i 
 the youngest according to 
 his youth : and the m< n 
 marvelled one v< ithanother. 
 'And he had mi ik< □ 
 
 unto them from bel 
 him : and Biniamin 9 ra 
 
 five times as mu< h as 
 any of theii 3. And they 
 drank, ind wen mei 1 \ 
 with him. ' And j toseph | 
 commanded the steward 
 of his house, a\ ing, ' Fill 
 the m< ■ with food, 
 
 the) can < ai rj , 
 
 Elohistic. 
 take corn for the famine 
 of your houses, and go 
 your way: 8 *and bring 
 your youngest brother 
 unto nie : then shall I 
 know that ye are no spies, 
 hut that ye are true men : 
 and 1 will deliver you 
 your brother, and ye shall 
 traffick in the land.' "And 
 it came to pass as the, 
 empi ied 1 heir sacks, thai . 
 behold every man's bundle 
 
 of no >jit-\ was in his sack. 
 
 And u ben 1 he \ and I heir 
 
 father saw their bundles 
 
 of money, they wire 
 fi i-liten. (I, M '■ and t arned 
 
 ti'i mbling one to another. 
 ing, ' Wh.it is t his 1 hat 
 
 iiiin hath done onto 
 
 ' Ami laknl, their 
 
 hither ..ml unto them, i 
 
 ■ Me have j e bei eai ed <>i 
 my children : [osepli 1 
 
 lint , ; 1 Ii*l Shillienli is Hot , 
 iiihI ye will t .ile lam . nun 
 
 xliii 
 
 xlii 
 
 33 
 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 33 
 
 M 
 
 JS' 
 
 I. 
 
 xli V 
 
 • in the l.-ui'l of Mizraiim I 1 I,' cl 
 
 xlv. 1 1 .■•, 3 1 . the death of Iisracl, cl [-9 
 
 ('find favour in '! , put lliy hand ttudd m\ line,!. 
 
 cf. xxiv. 3. 9; ' deal kindly and truly with m( , vd\ \->. I 
 
 ,1 l.,.t i 1 laced before xlviii. 1. 2. 10". S. 9. io 1, 1; 
 
 15*. 20'' whii li n. ' 1 and ' I lohltn, 1 9. 11 ." 
 
 below, an I 'hvisiic : 'lisrael, ••. 10. 11 'Inn lot age, and 
 
 K 2
 
 >:.-• 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xliv 
 xlii 
 
 Elohistic. 
 away : upon me are all 
 these things ! ' S7 And 
 Reuben spake unto his 
 father, saying, 'Slay my 
 two sons, if I bring him 
 not to thee : entrust him 
 into my hand, and I will 
 bring him back to thee.' 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 [and put every man's money 
 in his bag's mouth,} " and 
 
 put my cup, the cup of 
 silver, in the bag's mouth 
 of the youngest' {and his 
 corn money.} And he did 
 according to the word that 
 Ioseph had spoken. 3 As 
 soon then as the morning 
 was light, the men were sent 
 away, they and their asses. 
 4 Scarcely were they gone 
 from the city, and were 
 not yet far off, when Ioseph 
 said to his steward, ' Up, 
 follow after the men ; and 
 when thou dost overtake 
 them, say unto them, 
 Wherefore have ye re- 
 warded evil for good? 
 | Why have ye stolen my 
 silver cup ?] 6 Is it not 
 that in which my lord 
 drinketh, and wherein he 
 indeed divineth ? ye have 
 
 he could not see,' 10, cf. xxvii. i ; 'see thy face,' n, cf. xliii. 3. 5. xliv. 
 23. 26. xlv. 28. xlvi. 30 ; ' bowed himself with his face to the earth,' 12, 
 cf. xix. 1. xlii. 6. xliii. 26) and xlix. i b -27 (Iahvistic, cf. iv. 23. f. ix. 
 25-27. xxv. 23. xxvii. 27-29. 39 f) by the redactor, who had to find 
 room for the Priestly passages xlviii. 3-7. xlix. 28-33, see PP- J 79 fr 
 
 xlviii. 13. 14. 17-19 are from one hand, and look like an elaboration of 
 the simple misplacement of names in 20 b : 'and he set Ephraiim before 
 Menasheh,' by an early editor, cf. xii. 9-xiii. 1.3. 4; 13 ff follow 
 awkwardly on 12 where Ioseph is on his knees with his two sons, and
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 133 
 
 xliv 
 
 6 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 done evil in so doing.' 6 And he overtook them, and 
 he spake unto them these words. 7 And they said 
 unto him, ' Wherefore speaketh my lord such words as 
 these ? Far be it from thy servants to do such a thing. 
 8 Behold, the money which we found in our bags' 
 mouths, we brought again unto thee out of the land of 
 Ivnaan: how then should we Steal out of thy lord's 
 house silver or gold ? 9 With whomsoever of thy 
 ants it be found, let him die, and we also will be 
 my lord's slaves.' 10 And he said, 'Now also let it be 
 according to your words: he with whom it is found 
 shall be my slave ; and ye shall be blameless.' "And 
 they hasted, and took down every man his bag to the 
 ground, and opened every man his bag. "And In- 
 searched, beginning with the eldest and finishing with 
 the youngest, and the cup was found in Biniamin's 
 bag. ' Ami they rent their garments, and laded every 
 man his ind returned to the city. "And [ehudah 
 
 and his brethren came ! " toseph's house ; and he was 
 yet there: and the) t'll before him mi the ground. 
 ' A ill toseph said unto them, ' Whal deed is this thai 
 ye have done i Know ye nol that six h a man as I 1 in 
 indeed divine?' "And ; [ehudah j [they] Baid.'Whal shall 
 unto my lord ? what shall we speak ? or how shall 
 we < lear ourselves ? Elohim had: found oul the iniquit) 
 of thy servants: behold, we are 013 lord's slaves, both 
 we, and he also in whose hand the cup is found.' 
 ' Bui I: l. • Far be il from me ti man 
 
 in whose hand the cup is found, he hall be my sla 
 but as for you, get you u|> in peace unto youi fathi 
 
 awaits tlr tion. The Elohistii parallel 15*, 16 'Elohim,' 15; 
 
 cf. xlvi. 1 4 ; ..nut ■' :,' cf. xxii. 1 1 .■ 1 'Elohim'; 'land ol 
 
 jroor fathen,' it. 15. 16, ilvi 1 t; parallel of dvii. 39 ;, 1 •■-■ points to 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 
 1 1 
 
 [6 
 
 1;
 
 i.H PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 23 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 30 
 
 xliv Iahvistic. 
 
 18 And Iehudah came near unto him and said, 'O my 
 lord, let thy servant, I pray thee, speak a word in my 
 lord's ears, and let not thine anger burn against thy 
 servant : for thou art even as Pharaoh. " My lord 
 asked his servants, saying, Have ye a father, or a 
 brother? 20 And we said unto my lord, We have a 
 father, an old man, and a child of his old age, a little 
 one ; and his brother is dead, and he alone is left of 
 his mother, and his father loveth him. 21 And thou 
 sait 1st unto thy servants, Bring him down unto me, 
 that I may set mine eyes upon him. 22 And we said 
 unto my lord, The lad cannot leave his father : for 
 if he should leave his father, his father would die. 
 23 And thou saidst unto thy servants, Except your 
 youngest brother come down with you, ye shall see my 
 face no more. 24 And it came to pass when we came 
 up unto thy servant my father, we told him the words 
 of my lord. 25 And our father said, Go again, buy us 
 a little food. 26 And we said, We cannot go down: if 
 our youngest brother be with us, then will we go down : 
 for we may not see the man's face, except our youngest 
 brother be with us. 27 And thy servant my father said 
 unto us, Ye know that my wife bare me two sons : 
 
 28 and the one went out from me, and I said, Surely 
 he is torn in pieces ; and I have not seen him since : 
 
 29 and if ye take this one also from me, and mischief 
 befall him, ye shall bring down my gray hairs with 
 sorrow to Sheol. ,0 Now therefore when I come to 
 thy servant my father, and the lad be not with us, 
 seeing that his soul is knit with the soul of the lad, 
 
 a missing Elohistic account of the proceedings at Shechem, xxxiv) 
 
 interrupts 13. 14. 17 i<j, and has displaced 15" (which belongs to 20 b : 
 
 he blessed loseph, saying, In thee shall lisrael bless') and 20"
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 135 
 
 Iahvistic. xliv 
 
 'it shaU come to pass when he seeth that the lad is 
 not with us, that he will die : and thy servants shall 
 bring down the gray hairs of thy servant our father 
 with sorrow to Sheol. 32 For thy servant became 3 2 
 surety for the lad unto my father, saying, If I bring 
 him not unto thee, then shall I bear the blame to my 
 father for ever. 3S Now therefore, let thy servant, I 
 pray thee, abide instead of the lad a slaw to my lord ; 
 and let the lad go up with his brethren. 4 For how 
 -hall I go up to my father, and the lad be not with 
 me? lot I see the evil that shall come on my father.' 
 
 which is the heading to [5*: ' And he blessed them that day,' cf. 16. 
 'the lads ', as well as caused various modifications of the text 
 • Elobim,' probably, in 9. 11. 20 b , instead of ' lahveb,' though there 
 i- nothing Inde the occasional use of 'Elobim' in the Iahvistic 
 
 narrative, cf. iii. 1. ?,. :. iv. _■:. w. %j. xwii. 28. Kxviii. 17''. xwii. 
 10. 11. xxxix. 9. xliii. 20. xliv. [6; 'Iakob' instead 
 of ' lisrael ' in 2, and ' Israel' instead of 'Iakob 1 in -i . Foi 
 xlix. i*. -■ Priestly Hist, Bk. pp. 1*0 f. 1 1 ' introduces 1 17 
 
 of the folly alluded to in 4 nothing i- preserved in the Prophetic 
 tradition: xxxiv. 7,0 is a feeble attempt to supply the want; for the 
 3rd person, 'he went op,' cf. 9. The words ' until he come to Shiloh, 
 10, are an nnpoetic qualification at the point of highest praise: 
 • I ill not depart from [ehudah, 
 
 N01 the li ad from betwei n his fe< t, 
 
 (Until he ■ ome to Shiloh 
 And l:iin shall the nations ob 
 Who can bind his foal to a vii 
 
 with a view to the glorification ol 
 
 illuded to the 
 
 Shiloh sanctuary, Jer vii. 1 -■ 1 |. by the Philistines, 
 
 i l-.,r the plaj upon the name ' I< hudah,' cf. ui 
 
 I he line 1 8, i vation, « » lahv< h.' 
 
 I ^ a refrain in the long, 1 1 1< < Jud. v. .• ' Bl< 
 
 tahveh') 9 < ,., on, my soul, in th' 3 1 
 
 perish, < > I ihveb ' , but perhaps is an imitation 
 
 of these, and may 1 I into the text thi moi untol 
 
 w ll-knowr i ip, Jud. iviil I 19 1 ad tsJh oapr
 
 136 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xlv 
 
 12 
 
 M 
 
 j2 
 
 : 
 
 8 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 1 And Ioseph could no 
 longer restrain himself be- 
 fore all them that stood 
 by him, and he cried, 
 ' Cause every man to go 
 out from me.' And there 
 stood no man with him 
 while Ioseph made himself 
 known to his brethren. 
 4 And Ioseph said unto 
 his brethren, ' Come near 
 to me, I pray you ' ; and 
 they came near. And he 
 said, ' I am Ioseph your 
 brother, whom ye sold into 
 Mizraiim.' 
 
 * * * 
 
 12 ' And, behold, your eyes 
 see, and the eyes of my 
 brother Biniamin, that it 
 is my mouth that speaketh 
 unto you.' ^Andhefell 
 upon his brother Binia- 
 min's neck and wept, and 
 Biniamin wept upon his 
 m ' k. 15 And he kissed 
 all his brethren, and wept 
 upon them : and after that 
 his brethren talked with 
 him. "[And] to all of them 
 Ioseph gave each man 
 
 Elohistic. 
 2 And [Ioseph] gave forth 
 his voice in weeping, BO 
 that the Mizrai unites 
 heard, and the house of 
 Pharaoh heard. 3 And 
 Ioseph said unto his breth- 
 ren, ' I am Ioseph.' {Doth 
 my father yet live?} And 
 his brethren could not an- 
 swer him ; for they were 
 troubled at his presence. 
 [And Ioseph said], 6 ' And 
 be not grieved nor angry 
 with yourselves, [that ye 
 sold me hither }■ for Elohim 
 did but send me before 
 your face to preserve life. 
 
 6 For these two years hath 
 the famine been in the 
 land : and there are yet 
 five years in the which 
 there shall be neither 
 ploughing nor harvest ; 
 
 7 and Elohim did send me 
 before your face to keep a 
 remnant for you in the 
 earth, and to save you 
 alive by a great deliver- 
 ance. 8 So now it was 
 not you that did send me 
 hither, but Elohim; and 
 
 24 b -26 show every sign of being an interpolation. Firstly, they destroy 
 the unity of the poem. It is the song of a patriot, not neecssarily, but
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 13; 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 changes of raiment, and to 
 Biniamin he gave \ three hun- 
 dred pieces of silver and^ five 
 changes of raiment. { n And 
 to his father he sent after this 
 manner ; ten asses laden with 
 the good things of Mizraiim, 
 and ten she-asses laden with 
 com and bread and vidua! 
 for his father by the way.} 
 [And he said,] 19 [Now thou 
 art commanded, this do ; 
 
 'Take ye wagons out of tin- 
 land of Mizraiim for your 
 little ones, and for your 
 wives, and bringyour father 
 and come: [and say unto 
 him], l0 Thou shalt dwell in 
 the land of < roshen, and 
 thou shalt be near unto me, 
 thou and thy children, and 
 thv< hildren's < hildren,and 
 thy flocks and thyherds.and 
 all that thou has) : " 
 there will I nourish thee.' 
 81 b And loseph gave them 
 wagons, M *and sent his 
 In. thren away, and they 
 depai ted. | ^nd thej 1 
 to lisra* I their Fathei \ 
 md told him, saying, 
 
 Elohistie. 
 he hath made me a father to 
 Pharaoh, and lord of all his 
 house {and ruler over all the 
 land of Mizraiim}. B Haste 
 ye, and go up to my father, 
 and say unto him, Thus 
 saith thy son loseph, Elo- 
 him hath made me lord of 
 all Mizraiim: come down 
 unto me, tarry not, llb for 
 there are yei five years of 
 famine : lest thou come to 
 poverty, then and thy 
 house, and all thai thou 
 hast. ,; And ye Bhall tell 
 
 my father of all ln\ id'H'V 
 
 in Mizraiim, and of all 
 
 that ye have Been ; and 
 
 ye shall baste, and bring 
 my father hither.' ' Ai.l 
 1 lie fame 1 hereof wai hi ard 
 in Pharaoh's house, Baj ing, 
 • [oseph'e brel hren are 
 
 COme ' : and it \\ B 
 
 In I'hai aoh' eyi . and in 
 the ■ ■ ervants. 
 
 17 And Pharaoh aid unto 
 [0 eph, ' Saj unto t hy 
 
 la-, t In. 11, Thi .I- ye lade 
 your bi a I ■ and 
 
 xlv 
 
 <*3 y 
 
 Uj II 1 
 
 13 
 
 10 
 
 16 
 
 1 r 
 
 It' 
 
 
 
 probably n Judean, >, 1 a), who feeling that thei netblng 1 
 
 than mire tribal distinction, aims at the union an inntr) 
 
 by recalling, in the manner ol tin ■■'■ I ' ' id. v, the com
 
 t38 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xlv 
 
 is 
 
 20 
 
 2V 
 
 2 V 
 
 xlvi 
 
 r 1 
 
 2 4 ' 
 
 28 
 
 29 
 
 xlvi 
 2 
 
 ?.° 3 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 ' Ioseph is yet alive, and 
 he is ruler over all the 
 land of Mizraiim.' And 
 his heart fainted, for he 
 believed them not ; 2? b but 
 when he saw the wagons 
 which Ioseph had sent to 
 carry him, then the spirit 
 of {lakob} their father re- 
 vived, 28 and Iisrael said, 
 ' It is enough; Ioseph my 
 son is yet alive : I will go, 
 and see him before I die.' 
 la And Iisrael took his jour- 
 ney withall that he had, and 
 came to Beersheba {and 
 
 offered sacrifices unto the God 
 0/ his father lizchak] 28 ainl 
 he sent Ichudah before him 
 unto Ioseph that he might 
 [meet] him atGoshen. And 
 when they came unto the 
 land of Goshen, 29 Ioseph 
 made ready his chariot, and 
 went up to meet. Iisrael his 
 father in Goshen ; and he 
 presented himself unto him, 
 and fell on his neck, and 
 wept on his neck a long 
 while. s0 And Iisrael said 
 
 Elohistic. 
 you unto the land of 
 Kenaan ; ls and take your 
 father and your house- 
 holds, and come unto me: 
 and I will give you the 
 good of the land of Miz- 
 raiim, and ye shall eat 
 of the fat of the land. 
 20 Neither regard your stuff, 
 for the good of all the 
 land of Mizraiim is yours' 
 { 21a And the sons of Iisrael did 
 so.} 2u '[And Ioseph did] 
 according to the command- 
 ment of Pharaoh, and gave 
 them provision for the 
 way. 24 b And he said 
 unto them, ' See that ye 
 fall not out by the way.' 
 25 And they went up out 
 of Mizraiim, and came 
 into the land of Kenaan 
 unto lakob their father. 
 27 a And they told him all 
 the words of Ioseph, which 
 he had said unto them. 
 2 And Elohim spake unto 
 {Iisrael} [IakobJ in the 
 visions of the night, and 
 said, ' lakob, lakob.' s And 
 
 mon blood and tongue of the Israelite tribes. He reviews them in 
 order as sons of one man, and praises or blames them according as 
 they are favourable, like Iehudah, Dan, Gad, Ioseph, and liiniamin,
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 139 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 unto Ioseph, ' Now let me 
 die, since I have seen thy 
 face, that thou art yet alive.' 
 'And [1 -eph said unto 
 his brethren, and unto his 
 
 Elohistic. 
 he said, 'Here am I.' And 
 he said, ' I am El, thy 
 father's God : fear not to 
 go down into Mizraiim ; 
 for I will there make of 
 
 father's house, 'I will go thee a great nation ; 4 forI 
 up, and tell Pharaoh, and will go down with thee 
 
 will say unto him, My 
 brethren and my father's 
 house, whi( h \vrr<- in the 
 land fit' Kena n, are come 
 unto me : J and the m< n 
 are shepherds, | for they 
 
 havt t s of cat/It- ' 
 
 and they have brought 
 their flo< ks and their herds, 
 uil all that they have. 
 And it shall come to 
 pass when Phai ioh shall 
 < all you and say, What is 
 your occup di.u ye 
 
 into Mizraiim. and 1 will 
 also surely bring thee up 
 again : and [oseph Bhall 
 
 j/iit hi- hand upon thine 
 id Iakob rose up 
 from Beersbeba : and the sons 
 ■ it li-rael carried takob their 
 father, and their little 
 and their wives, in the wagons 
 which Pharaoh had sent t.. 
 earn- him * 
 
 xlvi 
 
 3i 
 
 '.-' 
 
 33 
 
 :.i 
 
 ur indifferent, like Zebulun, I; bar, and NaphtaH, "t even 
 
 mi], li! I s, Shimeon, and I n ition il inl 
 
 i patriotiim g in the tim« "i Saul and David, ami 
 
 K [2 we should naturally gather that the writ* 1 lived 111 the da\s <if the 
 
 ih. dl truption "t the I ingdom 
 
 with a- court and c < atre m the 
 
 up d fortn ■ ■ ■■! 1 jrardi 
 and 1 
 
 ing andi rputed I " 1 h north 
 
 1 in and ' ' . "t I' hodah'i 
 
 equal, hut 1 losely ni thej havi 
 
 well withstoo ■ th - d are full ol 
 
 promi • I . and wbJ i Sam on 
 
 cty to rjve blow for blow ; and l'.ini.iniin, llu
 
 i 4 o PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK 
 
 xlvii 
 i 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 xlvi Iahvistie. 
 
 shall say, Thy servants have been keepers of cattle 
 from our youth even until now, both we and our 
 fathers : that ye may dwell in the land of Goshen ' ; 
 for every shepherd is an abomination unto the Mizrai- 
 imites. *And Ioseph went in and told Pharaoh, and 
 said, ' My father and my brethren, and their flocks, 
 and their herds, and all that they have, are come from 
 the land of Kenaan ; and, behold, they are in the land 
 of Goshen.' 2 And from his brethren he took five men, 
 and set them before Pharaoh. 3 And Pharaoh said 
 unto his brethren, 'What is your occupation?' 4 And 
 they said unto Pharaoh, ' Thy servants are shepherds, 
 both we and our fathers ' ; and they said unto Pharaoh, 
 ' To sojourn in the land are we come, for there is no 
 pasture for thy servants' flocks; for the famine is 
 grievous in the land of Kenaan; now therefore, we 
 pray thee, let thy servants dwell in the land of Goshen.' 
 
 R a 6b 5a And Pharaoh spake unto Ioseph, saying, 6b Let them 
 
 dwell in the land of Goshen : and if thou knowest that 
 
 able men are among them, then make them chief 
 
 7 ri shepherds over my cattle.' 27a And Iisrael dwelt {in 
 
 tribe of Saul the late fierce king of Iisrael, are all commended ; whereas 
 Zebulun and Iissachar, through the softening influences of commerce, 
 have lost their old vigour (Jud. v. 14. 15. 18); Asher is content, as 
 of old (Jud. v. 17 , to he rich and neutral; Naphtali is unreliable; 
 Reuben, the waverer (Jud. v. 15. 16), has proved unfaithful ; and the 
 southern tribes Shimeon and Levi have degenerated into mere desert 
 marauders. There could be little doubt as to the unity of the poem, 
 and its date, if it were not for 24 b -26 (and the corresponding clause- 
 in io, which are in the spirit of the warm praise of the Northern 
 kingdom in the Ioseph stories of the Prophetic Hist. Bk., and later 
 therefore than the Davidic supremacy. In the Elohistic narrative 
 Iehudah has sunk below even Reuben (cf. xxxvii. 22. 29. xlii. 22 and 
 xxxvii. 26. xliii. 8. xliv. 14. 18. xlvi. 28). Secondly, because they in- 
 troduce a religious element nowhere else present in the song (on 18 see
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 141 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 the land of Mizraiim} in the land of Goshen ; ' 2 and Ioseph 
 nourished his father and his brethren and all his father's 
 house with bread after the number of their little ones. 
 'And in time it came to pass that one said to Ioseph, 
 ' Behold, thy fadier is sick.' And he took with him his 
 two sons Menasheh and Ephraiim ; 2 and it was told to 
 •Iakob} [Iisrael] saying, 'Behold thy son Ioseph is 
 come unto thee.' And Iisrael strengthened himself, 
 and sat up on the bed. 10a Now the eyes of Iisrael 
 were dim for age. that he could not see; B and when 
 rad] be beheld loseph's sons, he said, 'Who are 
 the- ! Ioseph said unto his father, ' They are 
 
 my sons whom (Elohim} [Iahveh] hath given me here.' 
 And he said, ' Bring them, I pray thee, unto me, and 
 I will bless them.' ,01 'And he brought them near unto 
 him; and he kissed them, and embraced them. ll And 
 
 ! unto Ioseph, ■ I had DOt thought to see thy 
 face: and lo, (Elohim] [Iahveh] hath lei me see thy 
 "And [oseph brought them out from 
 between his 1 ind bowed himself with his I 
 
 xlvii 
 I J 
 
 xlviii 
 
 1 
 
 10" 
 
 io>' 
 
 1 1 
 
 1 •■ 
 
 toe <,f lakob,' ' the Name >>f the Shepherd,' ' the 
 ■ 1.1 ..1 thy lather,' ' M Almight) ' 
 dally, which only ap] ewhere in the late Pri 
 
 Bk. Gen. ndi. 1. xxviii. 3, xxxv. 11. xlviii. 3 Ei m 3 . and 
 1 ., : Job ••in r rill 3. vr. ■■ rj mipii ioni in tins 
 
 ancient poem. Thirdly t i- 1 compariaoo "t Gen. alb 
 
 with I»< ut. xxxiii. 13 16 pi "' "' Hi 
 
 between them; and it (1 more than probable that the 
 form r 1. bt ed on the latter. With < i«n. db Une« 
 
 t. xxxiii. 13- l6 : 
 
 1 Ble wd "f lahvi ii be hi ■ land, 
 
 With the *' 
 
 I <,( lh«- I to) p 'hit 111 tli andl mr.itli, 
 
 • • • • 
 
 With the l*st thingi of the enduing hillt,
 
 i 4 -' 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xlviii 
 13 20 a 
 
 I5 1 
 
 '4 
 
 16 
 
 '7 
 
 21 
 
 j8 
 
 J 9 
 
 jj 
 
 '5 a 
 
 20' 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 to the earth. [ 13 And Iosepb 
 
 took them both, Ephraiim in 
 his right hand toward Iisrael's 
 left hand, and Menasheh in his 
 left hand toward Iisrael's riyht 
 hand, and brought them near 
 unto him. H And Iisrael 
 stretched out his right hand, 
 and laid it upon Ephraiim's 
 head, who was the younger, 
 and his left hand upon Mena- 
 sheh's head, crossing his hands 
 wittingly; for Menasheh was 
 the firstborn. ' 7 And when Io- 
 seph saw that his father laid 
 his right hand upon the head 
 of Ephraiim, it displeased him : 
 and he held up his father's 
 hand to remove it from Eph- 
 raiim's head unto Mcnasheh's 
 head; 1H and Ioseph said un'o 
 his father, ' Not so, my father : 
 for this is the firstborn ; put 
 thy right hand upon his head.' 
 "Bui his father refused, and 
 said, 'I know it, my son, I 
 know it ; he also shall become 
 a people, and he also shall In- 
 great : howbeit his younger 
 brother shall be greater than 
 he, and his seed shall be- 
 come a multitude of nations ' | 
 
 u *Andhe Missed Ioseph, 
 and said, 201 " By thee shall 
 
 Elohistic. 
 20a And he blessed them 
 thai dny, saying, lB b 'The 
 God hefore whom my 
 lathers Abraham and 
 Iizchak did walk, the God 
 who hath fed me all my 
 life long unto this day, 
 16 {the angel} who hath re- 
 deemed me from all evil, 
 bless the lads : and let 
 my name be named in 
 them, and the name of 
 my fathers, Abraham and 
 Iizchak ; and let them 
 grow into a multitude in 
 the midst of the earth.' 
 
 21 And {Iisrael} [Iakob] 
 said unto Ioseph, ' Behold 
 I am dying; but Elohini 
 slnll be with you, and 
 bring you again unto the 
 land of your fathers. 
 
 22 Moreover, I have given 
 thee a portion (shechem) 
 above thy brethren, which 
 I took from the hand of 
 the Aemorite with my 
 sword and with my bow.' 
 
 * * * 
 
 With the treasure of the everlasting mountains: 
 
 * * * 
 
 May it come on Ioseph's head, 
 Yea, on the head's crown of him who is chief among his brethren.
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 143 
 
 it' 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 Iisrael bless, saying, {Elohim} [Iahveh] make ihee as 
 F.phraiim and as Menasheh'; and he set Ephraiim 
 before Menasheh. lb And he said, ' Gather yourselves 
 together, that I may tell you what shall befall you in 
 the coming da\ - : 
 
 2 Gather yourselves together, and hearken, 
 ye sons of Iakob, 
 An.l listen 10 Iisrael your father. 
 1 Reuben, thou art my firstborn, 
 My might and my strength's first child; 
 Excelling in dignitj . excelling in powi 
 1 But unsi.il>!.- as water* thou shalt not excel ; 
 thou w( ntesl up to thj Father's bed, 
 And thru defiledsl it I I le went up to my couch] 
 limeon and Levi are brethren, 
 Wl ords are the weapons oi 1 ruelt) ! 
 
 1 1 m 1 nl. . ome nol thou into their counsel, 
 Take thou no part, mine honour, in their schem< 
 I 01 in ili. ir anger they have murden d men, 
 And in their fury < rippled oxen. 
 7 ( lursed be their anger, for il is fieri 
 And th. 11 wrath, for it is . iik I ! 
 
 I will divide them in lakob, 
 liter them in [israel ! 
 [ehudah, th) brethren shall praise thee, 
 Whose hand is on thine enemies' m i k, 
 I -,, thee Bhall th bo* down. 
 
 [ehudah is a lion's whelp : 
 Thou, mj "n. ha 1 gone up from the pn 
 
 17. n, 14* .•; v. bl) a 
 
 ; m, and certainly the spill in the kingdom, on On 
 
 hand th. '
 
 i 4 4 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 10 
 
 ii 
 
 1 2 
 
 13 
 
 '4 
 
 xlix Iahvistic. 
 
 Gone to thy den and stretched thyself, 
 Like a lion, — yea, a lioness, — 
 And who dare rouse him up ? 
 10 The sceptre shall not depart from Iehudah, 
 Nor the leader's staff from between his feet, 
 [Until he come to Shiloh} 
 And him shall the nations obey 
 11 Who can bind his foal to a vine-stock, 
 And his ass's colt to the choicest vine, 
 Who can wash his raiment in wine, 
 Yea, his garments in the blood of the grape : 
 12 Whose eyes are ruddy with wine, 
 And whose teeth are whitened with milk. 
 13 Zebulun shall crouch on the shore of the sea, 
 Yea, by the shore of the ships, 
 And his flank shall stretch unto Zidon. 
 14 Iissachar is a wiry ass, 
 Lying low among the sheepfolds ; 
 15 Who saw that repose was good, 
 And the land inviting, 
 And bowed his shoulder to the yoke, 
 And became a task-work slave. 
 16 Dan shall direct his people 
 Like any other of the tribes of Iisrael. 
 
 and was probably an Ephraimite. Like his predecessor, the writer of 
 Dent, xxxiii looks at the tribes (Shimeon alone is not mentioned, which 
 by this time had lost its individuality; as of one common stock and 
 speech. He recalls a period when one king, probably David, ruled 
 over all the tribes together (5), and regrets that Iehudah should be a dis- 
 sentient at the time he writes. But in his poem there is none of the 
 anxiety of Gen. xlix. 2-17. 19-24*. 27, as to the national security. Rather 
 he rejoices in the wellbeing of the tribes individually, and refers especially 
 to the prosperity of Ioseph under a warlike and victorious king (17), 
 probably Jeroboam II. Therefore, though the author of Deut. xxxiii
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 145 
 
 xlix 
 17 
 
 -.'■ 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 17 Dan shall be a serpent in the road, 
 An adder in the path, 
 Which biteth the horse's heels 
 And hurleth the rider backwards. 
 
 ! - I have waited for thy salvation, O Iahveh}. 1 ^ 
 
 19 Gad is thronged by a throng, ,,, 
 
 Yet he throngeth on [theirj heel. 
 20 Asher's bread is plentiful, 20 
 
 And he yielded) the dainties of a king. 
 
 - 1 Naphtali is a hind let loose, -m 
 
 Wbii h grivetb goodly words. 
 
 Eoseph is a fruit-tree, 
 A young fruit-tree by a spring, 
 Whose tendrils ! wide upon a wall. 
 
 The archers sore ill-treated him, 
 And shot al him, and harassed him. 
 •But his l>ow stood fast in strength, .■, 
 
 And nimble were the fingers of his hand 
 
 ll I.il.uli, 
 
 B) the name ■•! the Shepherd, the Stom ol Ii rael, 
 
 ll help thee, aj 
 
 th( 
 With bl ive, 
 
 ■ »i tit*- dci p that lieth undein< ath, 
 the br< 1- and "I the womb. 
 •The 1 I ■'!" t 16 
 
 was probably acquainted with Gen. xh> . .■ 17. 
 
 form, and baa written his own poem from his own 
 
 :;. w hull Gen. xlix. 1 17.1 
 
 ■11 the ruling tribe 
 
 ■■[•!. b U 1 
 
 I J.\*. 
 i~ , it is likely 1 nough, when il w rcnesoldci 
 
 Into 1 
 
 1
 
 146 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xlix 
 
 27 
 
 xlvii 
 29 
 
 30 
 
 3' 
 xlix 
 
 33 b 
 
 1 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 
 Are mightier than the blessings of the ancient hills, 
 Than the glory of the everlasting mountains : 
 May they be on Joseph's head, 
 Yea, on the head's crown of him who is chief among his 
 
 brethren ' } . 
 27 Biniamin is a ravaging wolf, 
 Which seizeth his prey in the morn, 
 And at even divideth the spoil.' 
 29 And the time drew near that Iisrael must die, and he 
 called his son Ioseph, and said unto him, ' If now I 
 have found favour in thine eyes, put I pray thee, thy 
 hand under my thigh, and deal kindly and truly with 
 me : bury me not, I pray thee, in Mizraiim, 30 but when 
 I sleep with my fathers thou shalt carry me out of 
 Mizraiim, and bury me ' {' in their burying-place']. * 
 And he said, ' I will do as thou hast said.' 31 And he 
 said, ' Swear unto me ' ; and he sware unto him. And 
 Iisrael bowed himself upon the bed's head, 33b and 
 gathered up his feet into the bed. ' And Ioseph fell 
 upon his father's face, and wept upon him, and kissed 
 him. 2 And Ioseph commanded his servants the 
 physicians to embalm his father; and the physicians 
 embalmed Iisrael. 3 And forty days were fulfilled for 
 him ; for so are fulfilled the days of embalming. And 
 the Mizraiimites wept for him three score and ten 
 days. ''And when the days of weeping for him were 
 past, Ioseph spake unto the house of Pharaoh, saying, 
 ' If now I have found favour in your eyes, speak I 
 pray you, in the ears of Pharaoh, saying, 6 My father 
 made me swear, saying, {Lo, I die}, In my grave 
 
 narrative containing very many North-Israelite elements by an Ephraim- 
 ite writer, and put by him into the mouth of Iakob at the close of the 
 strongly Iiphraimitic Ioseph-legends, that it should not merely take
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 HI 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 which I have digged for 
 me in the land of Kenaan, 
 there shalt thou bury me. 
 Now therefore let me go 
 up, I pray thee, and bury 
 my father,- and I will come 
 again.' 'And Pharaoh 
 said, ' Go up, and bury 
 thy father, according as 
 he hath made thee swear.' 
 7 And Ioseph went up to 
 bury his father : and with 
 him wont up all the ser- 
 vants of Pharaoh, the elders 
 of his house, and all the 
 elders of the land of Miz- 
 raiim, "and all the h< 
 of Ioseph, and his brethren, 
 and his father's house : 
 only their litU< • and 
 
 their IIih ks. and their 
 
 herds, they left in the land 
 of Goshen. And there 
 went up with bim both 
 
 I hariotS and hor-< m> n : 
 
 Elohistic. 
 15 And when Ioseph's bre- 
 thren saw that their father 
 was dead, they said, 'It 
 may be that Ioseph will 
 hate us, and will fully 
 requite us all the evil 
 which we did unto him.' 
 10 And they sent a message 
 unto Ioseph, saying, 'Thy 
 father did command before 
 he died, saying, 17 * So 
 -hall ye say unto [oseph, 
 I '( rgive, I pray thee now, 
 the transgression of thy 
 brethren, and their Bin, 
 
 for that they did onto 
 thee evil : and DOW, W 
 
 ],l;iv thee, furtive 1lie 
 
 inn on of the ser 
 
 v. mis of the ( (od "I t h\ 
 father.' M And [oseph i aid 
 unto i In in, ' Pear ye ooi : 
 for an I in bead oi Bio 
 him ( '" And as for you, 
 ve meant e\ il against me, 
 
 '5 
 
 19 
 
 ;o 
 
 the colom "f it^ etting, bat alio be Influenced by Its Ephralmitlc 
 paralh 1 r. lenred foi the lips of Mo* it Dent aodlL With both < 
 xlu. . n 1 1 t xxxiu. i;, 16 cf. the ancient line G 
 
 Finally, the removal of 
 the pc«m, and makes placky little Biniamin j~ pificant, 
 
 at, xlix. .v, h ■ detail th nodi c oi the Prii 
 
 writ-r i, Iahvistic < f. xlviii. j, xlvn. ;, I , U as a link It' 
 
 xlvii. .■', ;,i in Eta right plao and tta oontmnation, 
 
 1 i ii.i| i- i ; ii. 33*. 33 Ioseph's petition, 4, cf. xlvi. 31 fT; the 
 
 1. 3
 
 i 4 8 
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 22" 
 
 24 
 
 1 1 
 
 14 26 
 
 IS 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 and it was a very great 
 company. 10 And they 
 came to the threshing- 
 floor of Atad, which is 
 beyond the Iarden, and 
 there they lamented with 
 a very great and sore 
 lamentation : and he made 
 a mourning for his father 
 seven days. u And when 
 the dwellers of the land, 
 the Kenaanites, saw the 
 mourning in the threshing- 
 floor of Atad, they said, 
 ' This is a grievous mourn- 
 ing (ebel) to the Mizraiim- 
 ites ' : wherefore the name 
 of it was called ' Abel of 
 M izraiim,' which is beyond 
 tin- Iarden. l4 And Ioseph 
 returned into Mizraiim, he 
 and his brethren, and all 
 that went up with him to 
 bury his father, after that 
 he had buried his father. 
 18 And his brethren {also] 
 
 Elohistic. 
 but Elohim meant it for 
 good, to bring to pass as 
 it is this day, to save much 
 people alive.' * 
 
 22 b And Ioseph lived an 
 hundred and ten years. 
 24 And Ioseph said unto 
 his brethren, ' I am dying: 
 but Elohim will surely 
 visit you, and bring you 
 up out of this land unto 
 the land which he sware 
 to Abraham, to Iizchak, 
 and to Iakob.' 25 And 
 Ioseph took an oath of the 
 sons of Iisrael, saying, 
 ' Elohim will surely visit 
 you, and ye shall carry 
 up my bones from hence/ 
 26 And Ioseph died, being an 
 hundred and ten years old, 
 and they embalmed him, 
 and he was put in a coffin 
 in Mizraiim. 
 
 oath, 5, cf. xlvii. 30 ; ' fell upon him and kissed him,' 1, cf. xxxiii. 4. xlv. 
 14. xlvi. 29 ; ' Iisrael,' 2 ; ' find favour in the eyes of,' 4 ; ' flocks and herds 
 cf. xlv. 10. xlvi. 32. xlvii. 1 ; ' nourish you and your little 
 ones,' 2 1 , cf. xlv. 1 1 . xlvii. 12;' spake to the heart of,' 2 1 , cf. xxxiv. 3 ; ' on 
 the knees of,' 23, cf. xxx. 3. xlviii. 12). But I. 15-17". 19. 20. 22 b . 
 2 1 26 is Elohistic : ' Elohim,' 19 (cf. xxx. 2) 20. 24. 25 ; with 20 cf. xlv. 
 5.7.8; -this day,' 20, cf. xlviii. 15.20; with 24 cf. xlvi. 3. 4. xlviii. 21 ;
 
 PROPHETIC HISTORY BOOK. i 4 g 
 
 21 
 33 
 
 Iahvistic. 
 went and fell down before his face, and said, ' Behold, we 
 are thy slaves.' 17b And Ioseph wept when they spake 
 unto him, [and said]. 21 {Now therefore} ' Fear ye not : I 
 will nourish you and your little ones.' And he com- 
 forted them, and spake to their heart. - a And Ioseph 
 dwelt in Mizraiim, he and his father's house. 2s And 
 Ioseph saw Ephraiim's sons of the third generation : 
 the sons also of Machir, the son of Menasheh, were 
 born on Ioseph's knees. 
 
 19 and 21 are duplicates; and 17'', 'when they spake unto him,' hardly 
 follows on [6. 17*, 'they sent a message.' xlvii. 30 has been modini d 
 by the Priestly redactor with his eye on xlviii. 7. xlix. 29 If: the ' burying 
 place' already occupied by Iisrael's 'fathers.' Dmapi, is not the newly- 
 dug grave of 1. 5. In 1. 5 omit, ' Lo, I am 'lying.' cf. 14. dviii. -• 1 . In 
 
 mit, ' also,' cf. 16. In %\ supply, ' And he said.' Fori. \i. 1350 
 
 tly Hist. Bk, p. 181.
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 These are the generations of the heavens and the earth 
 \when they were created \. l In the beginning Elohim 
 created the heavens and the earth. 2 And the earth was 
 waste and void, and darkness was upon the face of the 
 deep ; and the spirit of Elohim brooded upon the fa, 
 the waters. 3 A nd El him said, ' Let there be light ' : and 
 //ore was light; * and Elohim saw the light, that it 
 was good. 6 And Elohim divided thi light from th< 
 darkness ; and Elohim called the light 'Day I and the 
 darkness he called l Night? Auditor, wai evening and 
 then was mornings om day. 'And Elohim said. 'Id 
 there be a firmament in the midst of tin waters, and 
 let it divide tht from the watei 1t And it 
 
 ; "'■and Elohim mad, tht firmament, and divided 
 
 the hich an and,/ tli, firmament from the 
 
 11. 4 i 
 i. i 
 
 2 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 6 
 
 -a 
 
 \-. On the existence of an independent narrative running 
 
 G dealing with the patriarchs and the time 
 
 ne d un< ' I lohim,' 
 mnch light is thrown by Exodus vi. a 4. It is tht thai Elohim 
 
 ' ' • i onto him, I am Eahvi h ! and I appi an ■ ! 
 
 onto Abraham, unto 1 lak, and unto Iakob, as El Almighty ; out 
 
 n .. it to them . And I li d > 1 1 > 
 
 covcriant with th< i m the land ol Kenaan, the land ol tht li 
 
 journed.' Now tins l< 
 xxvm 13.16.a1 uri. a 6 ' Iahveb,' Iahveb,'] 
 
 (',;;• • ii 1 4". '■ B (' lahveh, 1 t , bui on « >■ 9 \{ 
 
 and xvn. 1 parallel note ' Elohim ' j 'El Almighty'; 
 
 the covenant, and promise ol land, fruitfulness, and r< -\ al 
 of the patriarchs 1 Similarly 
 
 xxvin. 1 9 Elohim'; 'I.I Almighty'; 'Paddan tram'; ' fruitful and
 
 i; 2 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 1 
 8 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 '4 
 
 1 6 
 
 n 
 
 18 
 l 9 
 
 waters which are above the firmament. 8 And Elohim 
 
 called the firmament 'Heavens! And there was evening 
 and there was morning, a second day. 9 And Elohim 
 said, ' Let the rvaters under the heavens be gathered 
 I igether unto one place, and let the dry land appear! A nd 
 it was so. ,0 And Elohim called the dry land ' Earth ' ; 
 and the gathering of the waters called he * Seas.' And Elo- 
 him saw that it was good. " And Elohim said, ' Let the 
 earth bring forth grass, the herb yielding seed, fruit tree 
 bearing fruit after its kind, wherein is the seed thereof 
 upon the earth! n And it was so ; and the earth brought 
 forth grass, herb yielding seed after its kind, and tree 
 bearing fruit, wherein is the seed thereof, after its kind. 
 And Elohim saw that it was good. n And there 
 was evening and there was morning, a third day. 14 And 
 Elohim said, ' Let there be lights in the firmament of the 
 heavens to divide the day fro?n the night ; and let them be 
 for signs and for seasons, and for days and years: 1G and 
 let them be for lights in the firmament of the heavens to 
 give light upon the earth! And it was so ; Ifi and Elohim 
 made the two great lights ; the greater light to rule the day, 
 and the lesser light to rule the night : \he made] the stars 
 also. l7 And Elohim set them in the firmament of tin 
 heavens to give light upon the earth, 18 and to rule over 
 the day and over the night, and to divide the light from 
 the darkness. And Elohim saw that it was good. 19 And 
 
 multiply'; 'assembly of peoples' ; 'land promised to Abraham), and 
 xvii. i-8 and 9-27, which are from the same hand, look back on xvi. 16 
 (chronology, cf. xvii. 25;) ix. 1-17 ('make a covenant'; 'token of a 
 covenant ' ; ' everlasting covenant ' ; ' thee and thy seed after thee ' ; ' cut 
 off'; 'fruitful and multiply';) vi. 9 ('walk before me' ; 'blameless';) 
 etc., which, in their turn, look back on a story of the flood in vi. 9-viii. 
 \'j. a list of forefathers with chronology, v, and the story of the creation 
 in i-ii. 4". These sections, which with other allied passages can easily 
 be detached from their c ntext, form a continuous and almost complete
 
 20 
 
 .'I 
 
 
 >S 
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 153 
 
 there was evening and there -was morning, a fourth day. 
 20 And Elohim said, ' Let the waters swarm with a 
 swarm of living creatures ; n and let fowl //1 upon the 
 earth and <m tin face of the firmament of the heavens' 
 [And it -was so /] 2I and Elohim created the great sea- 
 monsters, and all the living creatures that mo-re, with 
 which the -raters swarnnd, after their hinds : and every 
 winged fowl after its kind. And Elohim saw that it 
 was good. n And Elohim blessed them, saying, ' Be fruit- 
 ful anil multiply, and fill the waters in the seas ; and ht 
 foivl multiply on the earth.' - '. 1 11 d tin n << \is < vt ning, and 
 tin re -was morning, a fifth day. u And Elohim said, 
 1 Let " 11 lh bring forth tin living creatures after their 
 kinds, cattle, and creeping things, ami leasts of the earth 
 afttr their kinds' And it was so; u and Elohim made 
 tin beasts >f tin earth after their kinds, and tin cattle 
 after tlnir kind, and all things that 1 reep Upon tin ground 
 r their kind. And Elohim saw that it was good, 
 . I nd Elohim said. ' Let US make man in OUT imagi . aftet 
 our litem u : and ht them havt dominion over tin fish of 
 tin tea, and ovet tin fowl of the heavens, and over the 
 cattle, and ovet all tin earth, and over all creeping thi 
 that creep upon tin earth.' n And Elohim created man in 
 in tin ima ' Elohim created hi him; 
 male and femah created ht them, 'And Elohim bl 
 them: and Elohim ■•aid unto them. A'- fruitful and 
 
 multiply and replenish tin earth and suldu, it, and haVl 
 
 dominii % u h ' t, and ovet tin 'tin 
 
 hea all living things that creep upon tin 
 
 1 at thi ' And / ' I hold, I ha: 
 
 Ing <>f n 1 f, ' Tin 
 
 I'n • II ■ don 
 
 vi t of Anted iltn I 6 1 1 ' 7*- 
 
 16 
 
 ■17
 
 154 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 3° 
 
 3' 
 
 ii 
 
 i 
 
 V 
 
 I 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 8 
 
 9 
 io 
 
 every herb yielding seed, which is upon the face of all the 
 earth, and all trees whereon there is fruit, trees yielding 
 seed ; to you it shall be for food. 30 And to all beasts of 
 the earth, and to all fowls of the heavens, and to all things 
 that creep upon the earth wherein is the spirit of life, [I 
 have given] every green herb for food! And it was so. 
 31 And Elohim saw everything that he had made, and, 
 behold, it was very good. And there was evening and 
 there was morning, the sixth day. l And the heavens 
 and the earth were finished, and all the host of them. 2 And 
 Elohim ceased on the seventh day from his work which he 
 had made; and he rested on the seventh day from all his 
 work which he had made. 3 And Elohim blessed the 
 seventh day and hallowed it : for on it he rested from all 
 his work which Elohim had created and made. 
 
 1 This is the book of the generations of Adam. In the 
 day that Elohim created man, he made him in the likeness 
 of Elohim ; 2 male and female created he them, and blessed 
 them, and called their name l Ada?n,' in the day ivhen they 
 were created. 3 And A dam lived an hundred and thirty 
 years and begat [a son] in his own likeness, after his own 
 image ; and called his name ' Sheth ' : * and the days of 
 Adam after he begat Sheth were eight hundred years : and 
 he begat sons and daughters. 6 And all the days that 
 A dam lived were nine hundred and thirty years ; and he 
 died. 6 And Sheth lived an hundred and five years, and 
 begat Enosh : 7 and Sheth lived after he begat Enosh eight 
 hundred and seven years, and begat sons and daughters : 
 8 and all the days of Sheth were nine hundred and twelve 
 years : and he died. 9 And Enosh lived ninety years, 
 and begat Kenan : 10 and Enosh lived after he begat 
 
 18-21. 23 b . 24. viii. 1. 2". 3 b . 4. 5. i3 a . 14-19 (The Flood) ix. 1-17 
 (Covenant with Noacbj have already been discussed (pp. 23 ff). Restore 
 ii. 4", which could not have stood immediately before v. 1, to its right
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 155 
 
 Kenan eight hundred and fifteen years, and begat sons 
 and daughters : u and all the days of Enosh were nine 
 hundred and five years : and he died. 12 And Kenan i> 
 lived seventy years, and begat Mahalalel : ls and Kenan 13 
 lived after he begat Mahalalel eight hundred and forty 
 years, and begat sons and daugh.'ers : u and all the days of 1 4 
 Kenan were nine hundred and ten years : and he died. 
 
 16 And Mahalalel lived sixty and five years, and begat 15 
 Iered : u and Mahalalel lived after he begat /< red eight 16 
 hundred and thirty years, and begat sons and daughters: 
 
 17 and all the days of Mahalalel were eight hundred 1 7 
 ninety and five years : at"! he dit d. ' ' A ml I, r, d lived 1 8 
 an hundred sixty and two years, a nd begat Chanok : 
 
 19 and Iered lived after he begat Chanok eight hundred 19 
 years, and begat som and daughters : t0 and all the days 20 
 of Iered wer, nine hundn d sixty and two years : and he 
 died. 2I And Chanok lived sixty tin*/ five years, and i\ 
 begat Methuselach : n and Chanok walked with Elohim »i 
 
 at Methuselach three hundred years, ami /'■■. 
 sons and daughlet vd all the dayi of Chanok were 23 
 
 three hundred rixty <ind fivi years: u and Chanok 14 
 walked with Elohim: and fu was not; for Elohim took 
 him. '-'•'■ And Methuselach lived an hundred eighty and 15 
 se- I 'i : ' and Methuselach lived 16 
 
 r he begat Lemech even hundred eighty and ■ 
 years, and begat sow and daughters : and till the days 
 of Methuselach wen nim hund tly and nim years: 
 
 and he dit d. n A nd / < mt 1 h livi el an hund/ , el eighty and 18 
 two yeat . and begat '," ion) \.\ \ch : *and Lemech 30 
 : Noach five hundred ninety and 
 
 place bef on I 1 which v, beading: f. v. i.vi. 1 
 
 xxv. 12. 19. xxxvi. 1. xxxvii. t. It was removed to I II r with 
 
 ii. 4'' iv, and may have been inp| 1 inthetranait ; omana I 
 
 addition to the u.-,u.al formula. Read ; 7" NV " 1 ' tllc ' ••'■■ M
 
 156 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 v 
 3i 
 
 32 
 
 vi 
 9 
 
 10 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 16 
 
 17 
 
 years, and begat sons and daughters ; 31 and all the days 
 of Lemech were seven hundred seventy and seven years : 
 and he died. 32 And Noach was five hundred years old : 
 and Noach begat Shem, Cham, and lepheth. 
 
 '* These are the generations of Noach. Noach zvas a 
 righteous man, blameless in his generations : Noach 
 7 v. 1 Iked with Elohim. w And Noach begat three sons, 
 Shem, Cham, and lepheth. " And the earth was corrupt 
 before Elohim, and the earth was filled with violence. 
 12 And Elohim saw the earth, and, behold it was corrupt : 
 for all flesh had corrupted its way upon the earth. n And 
 Elohim said unto Noach, ' The end of all flesh is come 
 before me ; for the earth is filled with violence through 
 them ; and, behold, I will destroy them \from\ the earth. 
 14 Make thee an ark of sweet pine wood ; partitions shall 
 thou make in the ark, and thou shall pitch it within and 
 without with pitch. 15 And this is what thou shall make 
 it : the length of the ark three hundred cubits, the breadth 
 of it fifty cubits, and the height of it thirty cubits. 16 An 
 opening shall thou make in the ark, and a cubit wide 
 shall thou construct it at the top. And the door of the 
 ark shall thou set in the side thereof With lower, second, 
 and third stories shall thou make it. "And, as for me, 
 
 in 9. 11. 15. 24 f. 30. Add p TP1 with i.xx to 20. »nna has fallen 
 out before ?v.in in po. 'Adam' is not used as the name of an in- 
 dividual until v. 1 f, where the attempt is made to pass from the plural, 
 ' male and female,' cf. i. 27 f, to the singular and male only. The idea 
 is necessarily somewhat mixed ! Observe the very artificial chronology 
 111 v : Noach is older, 32, than his ancestors before he has a son, ap- 
 parently in order that his children may beget in their turn only after the 
 deluge, and his pious fathers all die off comfortably before it ! For 
 instance, Methuselach dies at the convenient age of 969 (27) the very 
 year of the flood : 187 (Methuselach, 25) + 182 (Lemech, 28) + 500 
 Noach, 32) + 100 fthe Flood, vii. 6) = 969 ! Read p in 3 after lbv\ 
 'cf. T2C, 'his name',. In vi. 13 read 'nrrjo for 'NrrnN. Observe in i.x.
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. i 57 
 
 behold, I do bring a flood of waters upon the earth, to 
 destroy all flesh wherein is the spirit of life, from under 
 the heavens ; everything that is in the earth shall perish. 
 18 But I will establish my covenant with thee ; and thou 
 shall come into the ark, thou, and thy sons, and thy wife, 
 and thy sons' wires with thee. 19 And of every living 
 thing of all flesh, two of every sort shall thou bring into 
 thi ark, to keep them alive with thee ; they shall be male 
 and female. 20 Of the fowl after their kind, and of the 
 cattle after their kind, of every creeping thing of the 
 ground after its kind, two of every sort shall come unto 
 thee, to keep them alive. - 1 And take thou unto thee of all 
 food that is eaten, and gather it to thee : and it shall be 
 for food for the, and for Hum'. "And Noach did 
 according to all that Elohim commanded him ; thus did 
 he. • And Noach was six hundred years old when the 
 I of waters came upon thi earth. " /// the n'x 
 hundredth y>ar of NoacKs If, in the second month, on the 
 seventeenth day of the month, on the same day wert all the 
 fountain of the great deep broken up. and the windows 
 of the heavens wert opened, "/a the self-sami day 
 
 entered Noach, and Shem, ami ('ham, and Tephtth, the 
 
 i Noach, ami \ vife, and ///' tin,, i 
 
 //,■ /// Mr///, into thi ,n k ; u they, and every beast 
 
 after its kind, and all the catllt aftet fheit kind, am! , 
 
 • thing that creepeth upon tin earth aftet its kind. 
 and every fowl ,'tt<i its kind, every bird oj 
 
 Ami they went in unto Noach into tb, ,nk two and 
 
 VI 
 
 IS 
 
 '9 
 
 20 
 
 vii 
 << 
 
 l i 
 
 13 
 
 •? 
 
 i— 17 the 1 ' ritei In thi 
 
 and what that 1 lohim put thi 
 
 rainbow in th< that hi would not 
 
 I life with i flood, an oat through \\ 
 
 not .in indication a lUty. 
 
 From tli' ' :'t with Noach thi s on to l point
 
 158 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 vn 
 
 iG 11 
 
 17* 
 
 18 
 
 '9 
 
 20 
 21 
 
 ^3 b 
 
 vm 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 •■1 
 
 ,b 
 
 »3 a 
 
 of all flesh wherein is the spirit of life. lea And they 
 that went in, went in male and female of all flesh, as 
 Elohim commanded him. 17a And the flood came upon 
 the earth {forty days] , n and the waters prevailed, and 
 increased greatly upon the earth, and the ark went upon 
 the face of the waters. 19 And the waters prevailed 
 exceedingly upon the earth, that all the high mountains 
 wider the whole heavens were covered. 20 Fifteen cubits 
 upward did the zvaters prevail ; and the mountains were 
 covered. 21 And all flesh perished that moved upon the 
 earth, both fowl, and cattle, and beast, and every swarm- 
 ing thing that swarmeth upon the earth, and every man. 
 26 b And Noach only was left, and they that were with him 
 in the ark. 24 A nd the waters prevailed upon the earth 
 an hundred and fifty days. 
 
 1 And Elohim remembered Noach, and every living 
 thing, and all the cattle that were with him in the ark : 
 and Elohim made a wind to pass over the earth, and the 
 waters assuaged ; 2 a the fountains also of the deep, and 
 the windows of the heavens ivere stopped. 3b And 
 after the end of an hundred and fifty days the waters 
 decreased. 4 And the ark rested in the seventh month, on 
 the seventeenth day of the month upon the mountains of 
 Ararat. 5 And the waters decreased continually until the 
 tenth month : in the tenth month, on the first day of the 
 month, were the lops of the mountains seen. w a And it 
 came to pass in the six hundred and first year [of 
 
 of religious interest, the institution of Circumcision in xvii. He runs 
 rapidly through a table of Noach's descendants, and at the end of a 
 second line of ten generations comes to the great patriarch Abram : ix. 
 28 f (cf. v. 32. vii. 6. viii. 13) x. 1* (' These are the generations of,' vi. 9. 
 v. 1. ii. 4»; 'Cham,' v. 32) 2-7 (read c<j-n in 4 with Sam. lxx. 1 Ch- 
 i. 7; and restore '; 2 'm 2 "ib '■ob nc '2 nbx in 5; cf.20.31) 20.22 f. 31 
 (which together form a list (a) complete in itself; (b) parallel to 8-19
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 159 
 
 Vlll 
 
 18 
 l 9 
 
 IX 
 
 1 
 
 Noach's life] in the first month, the first day of the 
 month, the ivaters were dried up from off the earth. 
 u And in the second month, on the seven and twentieth 
 day of the month, was the earth dry. IB And Elohim 
 spake unto Noach, saying, l0 'Go forth from the ark, 
 thou and thy wife, and thy sons, and thy sons' wives with 
 thee. 17 Bring forth with thee every living thing that is 17 
 with thee of all flesh, both fowl, and cattle, and every 
 creeping thing thai creepeih upon the earth ; that tJu 1 
 may swarm on the earth, and be fruitful, and multiply 
 upon the earth! u And Noach -.oil forth, and his sons, 
 and his wife, and his sons' wives with him ; " every 
 beast, every creeping thing, and every fowl, whatsoever 
 moveth upon the earth, after their families, went forth 
 out of tin ark. l And Elohim blessed Noach and his 
 sons, and Mild unto them, ' J>> fruitful and multiply, and 
 lenish the earth. ' And tht fear of you, and thi dread 
 
 of you shall be upon every beast of the earth, and Upon 
 
 every fowl of thi heaven* ; with all that creepeih on the 
 
 mid. and all thi fishes of the s,a, into your hand ai , 
 they gii en. ' Evet 1 moving thing that liveth shall be food 
 for you ; as tin green h,il> havt I given you all. * But .} 
 //■ // with life in it, that is, it\ blood, rhall ye not eat. 
 6 y,,i, urely, yout blood, thi Hood of yout lives, will J 
 requirt ; at tin hand oj every beast will I reouirt it: 
 
 and at tin hand Oj man, even a I tin hand oj 
 every man \ brother, will I >>>/i/ii> tin lift <</ man. 
 ' II heddeth man \ blond, by man slhill Ins blood 
 
 b< thed : foi in hit own imagt hath Elohim made man. 
 
 31, lit both tablet the names Shem, Iepheth, Kenaan, Ki 
 
 M ratim, Chavilah, Sheba, and Lud(lm ; and ■ Intbi ityli 0! 
 
 1 ii .(* and v : oote 'It' .... and thi the 
 
 sons of . . after theii familii <>. 7. 20. n. t;, 3 1 ; 1 1. p, 14) 
 
 32 (' fauiilit-.,' 'natii 'divided,' ,- si, 10-27. jH 1 -. .1
 
 ifio PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 IX 
 
 1 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 '5 
 16 
 
 2* 
 
 7 But as for you, be ye fruitful and multiply ; britig 
 forth abundantly in the earth, and multiply therein! 
 
 8 And Elokim spake unto Noach, a?id to his sons with 
 him, saying, 9i And as for me, behold, I establish my 
 covenant with you, and with your seed after you ; 10 and 
 with every living creature that is with you, the fowl, the 
 cattle, and every beast of the earth with you ; of all that 
 go out of the ark, even every beast of the earth. ^ And I 
 will establish my covenant with you, that neither all flesh 
 shall be cut off any more by the waters of the flood, nor 
 shall there be any more a flood to destroy the earth.' n A fid 
 Elokim said, 'This is the token of the covenant which I 
 make between me and you and every living creature that 
 is with you, for perpetual generations : ls I do set my bow 
 in the cloud, and it shall be for a token of a covenant 
 between me and the earth. u And it shall come to pass, 
 when I bring a cloud over the earth, that the bow shall 
 be seen in the cloud, 16 and I will remember my covenant 
 which is between me and you and every living creature of 
 all flesh ; and the waters shall no more become a flood to 
 destroy all flesh. 16 And the bow shall be in the cloud ; 
 and I will look upon it, that I may remember the ever- 
 lasting covenant between Elohim and every living creature 
 of all flesh that is upon the earth.' I7 And Elohim said 
 unto Noach, ' This is the token of the covenant which I 
 have established between me and all flesh that is upon 
 the earth'. 
 
 28 A nd Noach lived after the flood three hundred and 
 
 (read with Sam. I.XX onu k-j^ 32 cf. with this list, v; notei^in, and 
 ' These arc the generations of,' in 10. 27 . FI<- bik fly mentions Abram's 
 wanderings xii. 4''. 5 (which continue xi. 32 : restore the lost heading 
 D"MH '^ln 'bui, cf. xxv. kj. xxxvii. 2) and separation from Lot, xiii. 6. 
 n ,J I2 a ('substance,' xii. 5 ; 'land of Kenaan.' xii. 5. xi. 31 ; n 1 ' is out 
 of place after ii° and wanted before I2»), the destruction of the Cities
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 161 
 
 a 9 
 
 x 
 
 i" 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 fifty years. ^ And all the days of Noach were nine 
 hundred and fifty years ; and he dud. 
 
 Ja And these are the generations of the sotis of Noach, 
 —Shem. Cham, and Iepheth. 2 The sons of Iepheth : 
 Gomer. and Magog, and Madai, and Iavan, and Tubal, 
 and Meshech, and Tiras. And the sons of Gomer : 
 Ashkenaz, and Riphath, and Togarmah. 4 And the sons 
 of Iavan: Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim. and Rodanim : 
 
 f these were the coastlands of th nations divided. 
 [These are the sous of Iepheth] after their families, 
 after their tongues, [in their lauds}, in their nations. 
 And the sous of Cham: Rush, and Mizraiim. and 
 Put, and Kenaan. 'And tin sons of Rush: - s 
 and Cilia: Hah. and Sabiah, and Raamali. and Sabteka J 
 and the sons of Raamali : Sin ha, and Dedan. ''" These 
 are the sons of Cham, after their families, after their 
 , in their lands, in their nations. ~-\Aud\ tin- 
 sons of Slum: T/ii'/i, and Asshur, and A 1 fa. l/s/iad, 
 and /aid, and Aram. And the sons of Aram: V, 
 
 and Chul. and Gether, and Mash. ••' Arpaeh 
 
 at Shtlath; and Shelaeh begat J Th art tin 
 
 sons <f Slum, after their families, after their tongues, 
 in their lands, after their nations. I >■ at the 
 families of th h, after th terations, 
 
 in their nations : and of th > wet the nations div\ 
 in the earth after tin flood. 
 
 /• ,/;, th generations of Shem. Shem wai an 
 hundred yean old, and begat Arpachshad tn 
 
 the Hood: "and Slum lived after In I 
 
 _\i years, and begat torn and 
 
 of the Plain of I mini, xi\ . , I I,' •• > ' .', '7 
 
 [g. «i 1 ohlm ren fill, t. Ix, 15. 
 
 16, 1 t. Ex. vi. 5 ; aa th ii- 1 xlii. 1 1* Mid 
 
 1, read ' Al.iam', and the Hrih ..f Ii,hin.i.l, XvL I. 3 [j l6 d \n. 4' : 
 
 M 
 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 jo 
 12 
 
 -I 
 
 XI 
 
 10 
 
 1 1
 
 i6j PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 17 
 
 19 
 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 
 24 
 
 2 5 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 
 daughters. 12 yl ?/</ ^4 rpachshad lived five and thirty 
 years, and begat Shelach: ™ and A rpachshad lived 
 after he begat Shelach four hundred and three years, and 
 begat sons and daughters. 14 And Shelach lived thirty 
 years, and begat Eber : n and Shelach lived after he 
 begat Eber four hundred and three years, and begat 
 sons and daughters. 16 And Eber lived four and thirty 
 years, and begat Peleg : " and Eber lived after he 
 begat Peleg four hundred and thirty years, and begat 
 sons and daughters. 18 And Peleg lived thirty years, and 
 begat Reu: ]9 and Peleg lived after he begat Reu two 
 hundred and nine years, and begat sons and daughters. 
 
 20 And Reu lived two and thirty years, and begat Serug : 
 
 21 and Reu lived after he begat Serug two hundred and 
 seven years, and begat sons and daughters. 22 And 
 Serug lived thirty years, and begat Nachor : ' a and Serug 
 lived after he begat Nachor two hundred years, and 
 begat sons a fid daughters. 24 And Nachor lived nine and 
 twenty years, and begat Terach : 25 and Nachor lived 
 after he begat Terach an hundred and nineteen years, and 
 begat sons and daughters. 2G A nd Terach lived seventy 
 
 years, and begat Abram, Nachor, and Haran. 
 
 27 And these are the generations of Terach. Terach 
 begat Abram, Nachor, and Haran ; a fid Haran begat 
 Lot, [and he died] 2 * h in Ur-Kashdim. 31 And Terach 
 took Abram his son, and Lot the son of Haran, his son's 
 son, and Sarai his daughter-in-law, his son Abram s 
 wife, and [brought] them forth from Ur-Kashdim, to go 
 
 if Abram was 75 when he left Charan, and was 10 years in Kenaan 
 before he took Hagar to wife, he would be 86 when her child was born ; 
 'land of Kenaan,' cf. xiii. I2 a ; Abram, not Hagar, 11, names the 
 child, 15;) and passes to the Covenant of the Circumcision, xvii (see 
 pp. 151 f, ' Elohim,' 3. 9. 15. 18. 19. 22. 23: ' Iahveh ' is clearly a mis- 
 take in 1 ; 1. 17. 24 f look back on xvi. 16 ; ' walk before me, blameless,'
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 163 
 
 into the land of Kenaan ; and they came to Charan. and 
 dwelt there. 32 A nd the days of Terach were two hundred 
 and five years : and Terach died in Charan. 
 
 [And these are the generations of Abram.'] ib Abram 
 was seventy and five years old when he departed out of 
 Charan. 5 And Abram took Sarai his wife, and Lot 
 his brother's son, and all their substanci which they had 
 gathered, and the souls they had gotten in Charan ; 
 and thi v 7. ; nt forth to go into the land of Kenaan. And 
 they came into the land of Kenaan ; ''but the land was 
 not able to bear them that they might dwell together : for 
 their substanci wai . that they could not dwell 
 
 .'her. Ub And they separated themselves the om from 
 the "titer : ,2 * Abram the. It in the bind of Kenaan, and 
 I t dwelt in the Cities of the Plain. lt And it came to 
 
 hen Elohim destroyed thi Cities of the J 1 lain, that 
 Elohim remembered Abra{ha\m, and sent Lot out of the 
 midst of tin ov<r throw irhn In overthrew the Cities in 
 which Lot dwelt, ' And Sarai, Abram 9 s wife, ban him 
 no children: and sh* had an handmaid, a Mizraiimitess, 
 
 nam* wa Ha ar. And Sarai, Ala an. 
 took ffagat tin Mizraiimitesi her handmaid, after Abram 
 had dwelt ten yean in tht land oj Kenaan, andgavt her 
 to Abram her husband to be his wife. u And Hagat 
 ban At'/ am ,1 ton: and A/aam called tht nam* of his 
 
 XI 
 
 xii 
 4 1 ' 
 
 xm 
 
 6 
 
 xix 
 »9 
 
 XVI 
 
 I 
 
 15 
 
 r, cf. vi. 9; ' make,' or ' establish a covenant,' a. 7. 19 11 j cf. ix.9.11. 
 
 1 .-. 17: • thi ■■ -Tin] thy 1 thee/ 7. 8. 9. 10. 19; cf. b 9 ; '1 
 
 of a covenant,' 11 ; cf. be. 1 j. 13. 17 ; ' I"- fruitful and multiply,' ao ; cf. 
 ix. i. 7. i. aa ivenant,' 7. 13 19 ; cf. la i6i 
 
 * land of Kenaan, 1 8, cf. xvi. 3, 1 I. 19! 
 
 'male' 10. a; , ri k, HI t6j ' oul,' 5; 'cnl "It. ' 
 
 i\. 1 r , ■ - - .. 0i c f. v. xi ; ' in the 
 
 vii. [3). Here he U ■■ the Si il week and 
 
 th, and I lant will favourite theme Heii 
 
 not interested in men as such : he la In love with religions in Ht it » ^ ■ 
 
 M j
 
 if> 4 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xvi 
 1 6 
 
 xvii 
 i 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 son which Hagar bare, Iishmael. v< And Abram was 
 fourscore and six years old when Hagar bare Iishmael 
 to Abram. ^ And when Abram was ninety years old and 
 nine \Iahvch\ \Klohim\ appeared to Abram, and said 
 unto him, '/ am El Almighty ; walk thou be/ore me and 
 be blameless, 2 and I will make my covenant belwecti me 
 ami thee, and will multiply thee exceedingly.' 3 And 
 Abram fell on his face : and Elohim talked with him, 
 saying, 4 'As for me, behold, my covenant is with thee, 
 and thou shalt be the father of a multitude of nations. 
 ' X, ither shall thy name any more be called "Abram," but 
 thy name shall be "Abraham " ; for the father of a mul- 
 titude of nations {abhamoii) have I made thee. ''' And I 
 will make thee exceeding fruitful, and I will make 
 nations of thee, and kings shall come forth from thee. 
 7 And 1 will establish my covenant between me and thee 
 and thy seed after thee throughout their generations for 
 an everlasting covenant to be a God unto thee, and to thy 
 seed after thee. 8 And I will give unto thee, and to thy 
 seed after thee, the land of thy sojournings, all the land of 
 Kenaan, for an everlasting possession, and I will be 
 their God! 9 And Elohim said unto Abraham, 'But as 
 for thee, thou shall keep my covenant, thou, and thy seed 
 after thee throughout their generations. 10 This is my 
 covenant, which ye shall keep, between me and thee, and 
 thy seed after thee, — every male among you shall be cir- 
 cumcised. n And ye shall be circumcised in the flesh of 
 
 The life of Abram is told in a few verses, but the institution of circum- 
 cision fills a whole chapter. And again, as in i-ii. 4" and ix. 1— 17, his 
 style is formal and wearisome. It is the style of & priest. Cf. p. 157. 
 
 Further examination of his work confirms this opinion. After briefly 
 recounting the fulfilment of the promise of a son to Sarah, xxi. i b (cf. 
 xvii. 19 ; read ' Elohim,' cf. xvii. 1) 2 b ~5 (' Elohim,' 2 ; 4 ; 'set time,' 2, 
 cf. xvii. 21 ; with 3 cf. xvi. 15 : Abraham names the child as in xvi. 15,
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 165 
 
 XVll 
 
 "3 
 
 14 
 
 16 
 
 '7 
 
 your foreskin, and it shall be a token of a covenant be- 
 twixt me and you. u And he that is eight days old shall 
 be circumcised among you, every male throughout your 
 gent rati mis. h- that is born in the house, or bought with 
 money of any stranger, which is not of thy seed. v He that 
 is horn in thy house, anil he that is bought with thy 
 money, must needs be circumcised: and my covenant 
 shall be in your flesh for an everlasting covenant. u And 
 the uneiii umeised male who is not circumcised in the 
 flesh of his foreskin, that soul shall be cut off from his 
 people; he hath broken my covenant' u And Elohim 
 said unto Abraham, ( A t for Sarai thy wife, thou shall not 
 call her nami "Sarai" but "Sarah ' shall her name be. 
 \n I I will bless her, and moreover I will give tin, 
 a son of her : yea, I will blesi her. and sht shall be for 
 nations; kings of / ! hall In of hi/.' lT And 
 . I braham f II upon I. ■ and laugh* d, and said in 
 
 his heart, 'Shall a child be born unto him that is an 
 hundred yean old? and thall .Sarah that is ninety years 
 nil/, bear ? ' '' . hid Abraham said unto Elohim, ' () that 
 It hmael might livi before thee' '''And Elohim said, 
 • Nay . Sarah thy wif shall indeed bear tine a son ; and 
 thou -halt Kill his name " lizchak"; and I will establish 
 my covenant with him /<■/• ,in everlast, nantfor his 
 
 And ./. for lishmael, I hare heard 
 thee i /"hold. I bar, blessed him, •uid will make him 
 finit fuf and will multiply him exceedingly; twelvi 
 
 cf. xvii. [5; v. 13 ; and with 5 cf, xvil. 1. 1; note 
 
 j and dignified 'I' 
 
 I Al.m!, l.i, politl I' 
 
 1 t<> bnry his « i!<- in i hi 1 the 
 
 with 1 cf. x \ 11 . 17; ' land of ] >. 19; 
 
 rii. 8 ; ' ] orii. jo ; ' Elohim, 1 6. 
 
 la 1 omit with i.x\ mto "n ':•:.', | 1 from tin- nuu 
 
 .s 
 
 "I 
 
 .•o
 
 166 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 21 
 
 -'3 
 
 24 
 2 5 
 26 
 
 XXI 
 
 lb 
 
 2* 
 
 5 
 xxiii 
 
 1 
 2 
 
 princes shall he beget, and I will make him a great 
 nation. n And my covenant will I establish zvi/h lizchak, 
 whom Sarah shall bear unto thee at this set time in the 
 next year' "And he ceased talking with him, and 
 Elohim iv en t up from Abraham. 23 And Abraham took 
 Iishmael his son, and all that were born i?i his house, 
 and all that were bought with his money, every male 
 among the men of Abraham s house, and circumcised the 
 flesh of their foreskin in the selfsame day, as Elohim had 
 said unto him. 2i And Abraham was ninety years old 
 and nine, when he was circumcised in the flesh of his 
 foreskin. 25 And Iishmael his son was thirteen years old 
 when he was circumcised in the flesh of his foreskin. 
 26 In the selfsame day was Abraham circumcised, and 
 Iishmael his son. 21 And all the men of his house, those 
 born in the house, and those bought with money of the 
 stranger, were circumcised with him. lb And [lahveh\ 
 [Elohim] did unto Sarah as he had spoken; 2b and 
 Sarah [bare Abraham a son] at the set time of which 
 Elohim had spoken to him. 3 And Abraham called the 
 name of his son that was born unto him, whom Sarah 
 bare to him, ' lizchak.' 4 And Abraham circumcised his 
 son lizchak when he was eight days old, as Elohim had 
 commanded him. 5 And Abraham was an hundred years 
 old when his son lizchak was born unto him. 1 And the 
 /if' of Sarah was an hundred and twenty and seven 
 years [the years of the life of Sarah}. ''■And Sarah died 
 in Kiriath Arba {the same is Cheoronl in the land of 
 
 PMO; in 2 omit gloss ' the same is Chebron ' ; in 6 read 'd«5 ':in Kb 
 with i.xx as in n ; so in 15 ; in 17 read with LXX vbaaa -icn _, ?31 and 
 -:---'~~ before nti'J, cf. 19. For the peculiar use of cpn here and in 20 
 see Lev. xxv. 30. xxvii. 14. 17. 19. In 19 read ittn before 'JD-by as in 
 17 . He then mentions the death of Abraham, and his burial with 
 Sarah in the cave of Makpelah, xxv. 7-10 (cf. xii. 4. xvi. 16. xvii. 1. 24.
 
 5 
 6 
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 167 
 
 Kenaan : and Abraham went in to mourn for Sarah, 
 and to weep for her. ' And Abraham rose up from 
 be/ore his chad, and spake unto the sons of Cheth, 
 saying, 4 '7 am a stranger and a sojourner with you: 
 give me a possession of a burying placi with you, thai I 
 may bury my dead out of my sight.' 5 And the sons of 
 Cheth answered Abraham, saying. ■ [ l Nqy^\ my lord hear 
 us : a prince of Elofrim art thou among us : in the 
 choice of our sepulchres bury thy dead; none of us shall 
 -withhold from thee his sepulchre but that thou mayest 
 bury thy dead! 'And Abraham rose u/>. and bowed 
 himself to the peopb of thi bind, to the sous of Clnth. 
 8 And hi spake with them, saying, ' If it bi your mind 
 that I should bury my dead out of my sight, hear me, 
 and nitr-.it Ephron for me, thi son of Zochar, * that ht 
 may givt ni' the 1 ■/■ ' Makpelah, which h< hath, which 
 is in thi • nd of his ft, Id ; for full money It / him give it to 
 m>- in the midst of you for a / n of a burying 
 
 place! w Now Ephron sat in thi midst of thi son 
 Cheth. And Ephron th> Chittite answered Abraham in 
 t/ii eat of thi Cheth, even of all that went in at 
 
 thi his lity. saying. ' Nay, my lord, hear me: 
 
 I Hvt tb" the field, and thi cavi that is therein, t give it 
 thei ; in thi eyes of the my peoph do I givt it 
 
 tin 1 : so bury thy dead! '•' And Abraham bowed himself 
 down befon thi peoph of thi land; " and hi spaki unto 
 I /iron in thi eat ■' thi peopb of thi land, saying, 
 • But if thou wilt, pray heat me : I will givt the prid 
 of the field ; lakt it of me, </W / will bury my dead 
 thet ** And Ephron answered Abraham, laying, 
 '•"'[' Nay,] my lord, hear mt : wha 1 1 hundred si 
 
 1 1 
 
 12 
 13 
 
 M 
 
 xxi. 5, xxiii. 1 ; 9. 10 I k Oil xxiii. 17 [9; nt tin- end 
 
 with LXX. Sam. D*o*), 1 I Uzcbak, and appx 
 
 El-Almighty, u* . <J. srii. 1. xxxv. 11, u. Ei ri. 3 , giva ''"'
 
 1 68 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xxm 
 16 
 
 is 
 
 »9 
 
 20 
 
 XXV 
 
 7 
 
 JO 
 
 II" 
 
 12 
 
 shekels' worth of land between me and thee ! so bury thy 
 dead?* le And Abraham hearkened unto Ephron ; and 
 Abraham weighed for Ephron the silver of which he 
 spake in the ears of the sons of Cheth, four hundred 
 shekels of silver, merchants coin. 17 And the field of 
 Ephron which ivas in Makpi lah, which was [over against] 
 Mamre, the field and the cave that was in it, and all 
 the trees that were in the field, [and everything] that 
 was in the borders thereof round about, were made sure 
 18 unto Abraham for a possession in the eyes of the sons 
 of Cheth, of all who went in at the gate of the city. 
 
 19 And after this, Abraham buried Sarah his wife in the 
 cave of the field of Makpelah [which ivas] over against 
 Mamre {the same is ChebronX in the land of Eenaan. 
 
 20 And the field and the cave that was therein, were made 
 sure unto A bra ham for a possession of a burying-placl 
 by the sons of Cheth. 7 And these are the days of the 
 
 years of Abraham s life which he lived, an hundred three-' 
 score and fifteen years. 8 And Abraham gave up the 
 ghost, and died in a good old age, an old man and full of 
 [days]; and he was gathered to his people. 9 And 
 Iizchak and lishmael his sons buried him in the cave of 
 Makpelah in the field of Ephron the son of Zochar, the 
 Chit tile, which is bfore Mamre; w the field which Abra- 
 ham purchased of the sons of Cheth : there was Abraham 
 tin ri 1 d, and Sarah his wife. Ha And it came to pass after 
 the death of Abraham that Elohim blessed Iizchak his son. 
 ******** 
 
 '- And tin si arc the generations of lishmael, Abraham's 
 son, whom Hagar the Mizraiimitess, Sarah's handmaid, 
 
 family trees of lishmael and Iizchak, xxv. 12-17. J 9- 2 °- 2 ^ b ('these are 
 the generations of, 12. 19 ; 12 looks back on xvi. I. 3. 15. 16 ; n«o in 
 7. 17; v:in in 19; 'Bethnel, the Aramean,' and ' Paddan-Aram/ 20, 
 instead of ' Bethucl, son of Nachor,' and ' Aram of the Two Rivers,'
 
 Priestly history book. 169 
 
 bare unto Abraham : ,s and these are the nanus of tin- 
 sons of lishmael, by their names according to their 
 generations: the firstborn of lishmael, Nebaioth; and 
 Kedar, and Adbeel, and Mibsam : M and Mishma and 
 Duntah and Massa j l8 Chadad and Tema, felur. 
 Naphish, and Kedemah : la these are the suns of lishmael, 
 and thesi are their names in their settlements and in their 
 encampments, twelve princes according to their nations. 
 "And these an the years of the lift of lishmael, an 
 hundred and thirty and seven years : and he gave uf> 
 tin ghost and do d ; and In :< 'OS gatht it d unto his peopli . 
 
 19 A nd tin Si an tit' g( nerations of Irz< hak, A brahanCs 
 son : Abraham begat Ii:> hak ; *°and [when] lizchak was 
 forty years old hi tout; Ribkah, the daughter of Bethuel 
 tin Aram, an, of Paddan-Aram, the sister of Laban the 
 Aramean, to /« his wife. [And sh* ban Esav and 
 Iakob ; ] ub and lizchak was threescore years <>I<I when 
 ban them. '■Ami -linn Esav :■ 1 years old 
 
 In- took to wife /ihudith, tin daughter of l><<ri the 
 ttite, and Basemath, tin daughter of Elon the Chi it He. 
 
 I nd tiny wert bitterness of spirit un. I. hak and 
 Ribkah. [** And Ribkah raid to Jitchai,* J am 
 
 daughters of < % (A, 
 
 XXV 
 
 13 
 
 '4 
 16 
 
 -•O 
 
 »6 b 
 
 xxvi 
 
 .'I 
 
 35 
 
 xxiv. 10. 15. <■'-.; with 17 'i. ■ . 1 I'., svil. •'.; ; in ^o read n, 
 xxvi. 34 : v nil .■'.'■ (i. 1 j. 10, and real u 15), tells ol 
 
 1 l marriage with beathen txvi .-. 1 jo). 
 
 lakob'a d< pari Paddan Aram/ • -10 ; 
 
 Almighty,' 3, 1 f. xvii. 1 ; ' fruitful and multiply/ 3 
 • land • -. . ' I lohim,' 1 ; ■ i" tl to thj 
 
 wii. 7. 1 1 i ■. 
 
 Ribkah s.ii'l t>. lizchak, I am «. ary of my lil ;ht( 1 
 
 «.f < h< th : if lakob i ife "f th< 
 
 of the daughter! of the land, 9 ■ mi ?' >■ 
 
 xxvi. ;, ( 35, bat ismori it with xj 'Whatgi 
 
 my life tlo mc '/ ' witli xw. a — and l the
 
 iro PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXV111 
 
 1 
 
 what good shall my life do me ?'} ^ And Iizchak called I akob, 
 and blessed him, and charged him, and said unto him, 
 ' Thou shall not take a wife of the daughters of Kenaan. 
 2 Arise, go to Paddan-Aram, to the house of Bethuel thy 
 mother s father ; and take thee a ivife from thence of the 
 daughters of La ban thy mothers brother. s And El 
 Almighty shall bless thee, and make thee fruitful, and 
 multiply thee, that thou mayest become an assembly of 
 peoples ; 4 and shall give thee the blessing of Abraham, to 
 thee and to thy seed with thee, that thou mayest inherit the 
 land of thy sojournings which Elohim gave unto Abra- 
 ham! 5 And Iizchak sent Jakob away : and he went to 
 Paddan-Aram unto Laban, son of Bethuel the Aramean, 
 the brother of Ribkah, the mother of Jakob and Esav. 
 
 6 G And when Esav saw that Iizchak had blessed Jakob and 
 sent him away to Paddan-Aram to lake him from thence 
 a wife; and that as he blessed him, he gave him a charge, 
 saying, ' Thou shall not take a wife of the daughters of 
 
 7 Kenaan' ; 7 and that Jakob hearkened unto his father 
 
 8 {and his mother} and went unto Paddan-Aram : — 8 when 
 Esav saw that the daughters of Kenaan pleased not 
 
 (j Jizchak his father, 9 then Esav went unto Iishmael, and 
 
 took unto the wives which he had, Machalath the daughter 
 
 of Iishmael, Abraham's son, the sister of Nebaio/h, to be 
 
 his wfe. [And Jakob look Leah and Rachel the 
 
 xxxv daughters of Laban, son of Bethuel, the brother of 
 
 22° Ribkah to wife.'] 22b And the sons of Jakob were twelve: 
 
 2^ , the sons of Leah; ^Reuben, Jakob's firstborn, and 
 
 redactor) ; Esav's marriage with a kinswoman, 6-9 (cf. 1-5 ; ' Paddan- 
 Aram ' ; ' daughters of Kenaan ' ; in 7 omit idn^ni, cf. xxvii. 43. 44), 
 Iakob'5 marriage (now lost, and family, xxxv. 22 b -26 (' Paddan-Aram' ; 
 'these are the sons of), his return, xxxi. i8 b ('Paddan-Aram'; 
 'substance,' cf. xii. 5. xiii. 6; 'which he had gathered,' etc., xii. 5; 
 restore as above, cf. xxxvi. 6. xlvi. 6., and arrival at Shechem, xxxiii.
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 171 
 
 Xi.w 
 
 
 XXXI 
 
 18° 
 
 xxxiii 
 i8*> 
 
 xxxiv 
 
 Shimeon, and Levi, afid Iekudah, and Iissachar, and 
 Zclulun : 24 the sons of Rachel ; Joseph and Biniamin : -'4 
 26 and the sons of Bilhah, Rochets handmaid ; Dan and 25 
 Naphtali: a and the sons of Zilpah, Leah's handmaid; 26 
 Gad and Aslnr : these are the sojis of Jakob -which weri 
 born to him in Paddan-Aram. [And Jakob took his 
 ves and their handmaids, and his sons and his 
 daughters,] nb and all his substance which he had 
 gathered, the cattle of his getting, which In had gathered 
 in Paddan-Aram, to go to Jizchak his father unto tht land 
 of Kenaan. nb [And Iakob cami J to thi city of Shechem 
 which is in the land of Kenaan, as h< cam, from Paddan- 
 Aram. l And Dinah the daughter of J. ah, -which she 
 bare unto Jakob, went out to set tin daughters of the land. 
 *• And Shechem thi son of Chamor (In Chivite, tin 
 princt of thi land, saw her. * And Shechem spake unto 
 Chamor his father, saying, 'Get me this maid, a to wife? 
 
 A I'd Chamor the father of Shechem went out unto \t/n 
 
 its of] Iakob to speak with \th>m\. And Chamor 
 
 with tin in, I sin, In m m\ 
 
 longeth for your daughter : I pray you pfvt her unto him 
 
 tow And make ye marriages with u it •> 
 
 daughters unto u . and tak, our daughters unto you. 
 
 'Andy, thaM dwell with us : ami tin land shall be bef on 10 
 
 18* [' land of Kenaan ' ; 'Paddan-Aram! ; and then once more I 
 a pause to dwell on lakob'i treatment "t h< ithen even though di 
 enmciaed, a uv. i, j". 4, '■ 1 s 
 
 jo j;"' , he bare unto Iakob/ 1, d 16 \w. ij. 
 
 ' j. rim <•,' 1. 1 I. xvii. 20. xxv. [6 ; 
 
 13. 24, j;. of. xvii. 10. . cf. 
 
 xxxi. 18, etc. ; cf. 8 1 0. 1 1 18 with sjriii. 7-9. 13 [5; ao. 24 withxxiii. 10. 
 
 1 - ; \ pm, 10, cf. xxiii. 4. (j. 20 ; inc, 10, cf. utiii. 16. I b< 
 
 that Shechem <1 1< 1 more than fall in love with Dinah Ifl thi Q, as 
 
 27'', ' because they had denied thi 
 
 filed Dinah their si>t> r ' are probably from 1! toi who certainly
 
 172 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXXIV 
 
 13 
 
 '4 
 16 
 
 1/ 
 
 18 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 you ; dwell and trade ye therein, and get you possessions 
 tin rein. 13 But the sons of Iakob answered {Shechem and\ 
 Chamor with subtlety, atid spake, {because he had defiled 
 Dinah their sister) , u and said unto \him\, ' We cannot do 
 this thing, to give our sister to one that is uncircumcised ; 
 for that zvere a reproach unto us : 15 only on this condition 
 will we consent unto you: if ye will be as we are, that 
 every male of you be circumcised ; 16 then we will give our 
 dii ughters unto you, and we will take your daughters to 
 us, and zve will dwell with you, and we will become one 
 people. " But if ye will not hearken unto us, to be 
 circumcised, then we will take our daughter, and be gone.' 
 '" . hid their words were good in the eyes of Chamor, and 
 Shechctn, the son of Chamor. 20 And Chamor, and 
 Shechem his son, came unto the gate of their city, and 
 spake with the men of their city, saying, 21 ' These men are 
 peaceable with us ; therefore let litem dwell in the land, 
 and trade therein ; for, behold, the land is large enough 
 for them ; let us take their daughters to us for wives, 
 and let us give them our daughters. 22 Only on this 
 condition will the men consent unto us to dwell with us, to 
 become one people, if every male among us be circumcised 
 
 added ' that he had defiled Dinah his daughter ' in 5, p. 103. In 6 
 restore cn« . . . '?* '33 7N as in 8. 13. In 13 omit 'Shechem and,' 
 before ' Chamor ' : the father is the only spokesman, 8, and the redactor 
 has added ' Shechem ' from 11.12 where the son is his own speaker. In 
 14 read v:n. In 27" omit ' the sons of Iakob came upon the slain,' from 
 the same hand as the last clause of this verse. For the spirit of the 
 story, see Num. xxv. 6-9. xxxi. 7 -11. Ezra ix. 12. x.) Next follows the 
 theophany at Luz, and the change of Iakob's name to Iisrael, xxxv. 6 a . 
 9 13". 15 (' Elohim,' 9. 10. 11. 13. 15 ; ' Luz,' 6, cf. xlviii. 3; 'land of 
 Kenaan,' 6; ' Paddan-Aram,' 9; 'El-Almighty,' 11; 'be fruitful and 
 multiply, ' 11;' assembly of nations,' cf. xxviii. 3 ; in 6" omit the gloss, 
 'the same is Bethel,' which anticipates 15 ; in 9, cf. xlviii. 3, read 117:1 
 with LXX, overlooked before 1N12 ; and omit iir, due to the redactorwith 
 eye upon xxxv. 1-8: in 13, omit, 'in the place where he spoke with him,' 
 
 22
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 173 
 
 IXX1V 
 
 -V. 
 24 
 
 -ac 
 
 as they are circumcised. J Shall not their cattle and 
 their substance and all their beasts be ours? only let us 
 consent unto them, and they will dwell with us.' u And 
 all that went out 0/ the gate of his city hearkened unto 
 Chamor, and unto Shechem his son ; and every male ivas 
 circumciSi d, all that went out of the gate of his city. 
 25 ^ And it came io pass on tin third day, when they were 
 sore, that {two of) the sons of Jakob took each man his 
 sword, and came boldly upon the city, and .slew all the 
 malt s, '" { the sons of Jakob came upon the stain \ and Spoilt d the 
 city. use they had defiled their sister\ "'and look their 
 
 is and their herds, and their asses, and that which 
 was in the city, and that which WOS in the field ; -'ami 
 all their wealthy ami all their little ones, and their wives 
 took they captive, and spoiled even everything in th, h 
 
 .hid Iakob tarn, to Lus, which is in th, land <<f 
 
 A' naan { the same is Bethi t\. *A nd EL 'him appt an d unt 
 
 i he ram, /nan Paddan- Aram. 
 
 and Io blessed him: ' and Elohim sanl unto him 
 
 nam, is Jakob : thy nam, shall not l>i <my more , ailed 
 
 ob." but "lisrael" shall b, thy nam,.' And h, called 
 
 Ins not '</.' ■ / a i unto him, ' I am 11 
 
 El Almighty: /'■< fruitful and multiply; a nation and an 
 
 whit li hai ilipl in f r< 'in 14), his return to Mami lii. a in Kin 
 
 Ai !>.i, .'7 M hi< li ha 'I In. in it 
 
 '■ for this pi it un 1 1: 
 
 iambi ; omll • the ume If < bebron ' . ' a< d< l 
 kxt. ao. 26; 'gave up tfa itbered onto 1 'old 
 
 i full ■■! , i 
 
 1 daughter* oi Kenaan,' .• lii. 1 ; 'which ora noto him in,' 
 
 5 b , cf. xxxv. 30* ; ' ) 
 
 ' land of 1 ii. 4; with 
 
 and 1 in ^'i hid. 1 1 : • .mil 
 
 10-43, ba* been worked over pa 1 
 
 later hand. According to xxvi. 34 ■ 'Adah, 
 
 -7 
 »9 
 
 XXIV 
 
 I,' 
 
 IO
 
 •74 
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 12 
 
 '4 
 
 15 
 27 
 
 28 
 29 
 
 xxxvi 
 
 1 
 
 assembly 0/ nations shall be of thee, and kings shall come 
 
 from thy loins ; 12 and the land which I gave unto 
 
 Abraham and Iizchak, to thee will I give it, and to thy 
 
 set d after thee will I give the land: ]3 *AndElohim went up 
 from him [in the place where he spake with him. "And 
 Jakob set up a pillar in the place where he spake with him, a 
 pillar of stone : and he poured out a drink offering thereon, and 
 poured oil thereon). 15 And lakob called the name of the 
 place where Elohim spake with him, 'Bethel.' 27 And 
 Jakob came unto Iizchak his father to Mamre, to 
 K11 lath-Arba {the same is Chebron) where Abraham and 
 Iizchak sojourned. 28 And the days of Iizchak were an 
 hundred and fourscore years. 29 And Iizchak gave up 
 the ghost, and died, and was gathered unto his people, old 
 and full of days ; and Esav and lakob his sons buried 
 him. 
 
 l And these are the generations of Esav { the same is Edom } . 
 2 Esav look his wives of the daughters of Kenaan ; [Adah, 
 the daughter of Eton the Chitti/e, and Oholibamah, the daughter 
 ofAnah \ the daughter of Zibeon \ {the Chorite~] ; 3 and Basemath, 
 IishmaeVs daughter, sister of Nebaioth. * And Adah bare to 
 Esav, Eliphaz ; and Basemath bare Reuel ; 5 and Oholibamah 
 bare Ieush and Ialam and A"orach) : these are the sons of 
 I vu which were born unto him in the land of Eenaan. 
 8 And Esav took his wives, and his sons, and his 
 daughters, and all the souls of his house, and his cattle, 
 
 ' the daughter of Elon, the Chittite' ; and according to xxviii. 9, Esav's 
 wife, ' daughter of Iishmael and sister of Nebaioth,' was Machalath,' 
 not ' Basemath.' 9-14 is akin to 2 b -5" : note ' Adah,' 10. 12, instead of 
 ' Iehudith,' xxvi. 34 ; ' Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah,' 14, as in 2 ; 
 and no mention of ' Machalath, xxviii. 9 ; and 9" reintroduces 1. 15-19 
 is parallel to 9-14 but from a similar source ; note ' Oholibamah,' 18. 
 also 20-28: 'Oholibamah,' 25. Then 29. 30 stand in the same 
 relation to 20-28 as 15-19 to 9-14. 31-39 has peculiarities which 
 mark it off from the preceding, — a list of disconnected kings formally 
 classified ; but 35 is akin to 24, and our writer never condescends to such 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 '75 
 
 and all his beasts, and all his goods which he had gathered 
 in the land of Kenaan, and went into the land [of Stir ] 
 from the face of his brother Iakob : ~' for their substance 
 was more than that they might dwell together ; and the 
 land of their sojournings could not bear them because of 
 their cattle. 8 And Esav dwelt in J fount Set'r: ', Esav is 
 Edom. * And these are the generations of Esav, the father of 
 Edom, in Mount Se/r : '"these are the names of Esav' s sen* : 
 Eliphaz, the son of Adah the -wife of Esav, Reuel the son of 
 Base math, the wife of Esav. u And the sons of Eliphaz \ 
 Teman, Omar, Zepho, and Gatam, and A'ena:. a And Timna 
 was concubine to Eliphaz, Esav s sou ; and she bare to EHphax, 
 Amalek : these are the sons of Adah, Esav's wife. Ia And these 
 are the sons of Reuel : A'aehath and ZeraJi, Shammah and 
 Mizzah : these are the sons of Hasemath, Esav's wife. lt And 
 these are the sons of Oholibamah the daughter of Anah, \ the 
 daughter of Zibeon ', Esav's wife: and she bare to Esav, 1 
 and /a/am, and Korach. '' These are the chiefs of the sons of 
 Esav: the sons of Eliphaz, Esav's firstborn ; chief Teman, chief 
 Omar, chief Zepho, chief Kenaz, " ! chief Kara h \ . , hief Gatam, 
 chief Amalek: / the chiefs of Eliphat in tin land of 
 
 Edom; these are the sons of Adah. n 'And these are thi 
 
 ton; cl hath, chief Zerach, chief Shammah, 
 
 ' : these art tht < h ' Edom ; 
 
 these are the son ,/ Basemath, I 
 
 are the sons of Oholibamah, I hief Inch, chief 
 
 lalam, chief Korach: tin t are the chiej libamah, the 
 
 of Anah, 1 and 
 
 Edom ; . •' / the 
 
 son it,, the of the land; I otan and 
 
 xxxv 1 
 
 8 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 i i 
 
 i -• 
 
 '3 
 
 '♦ 
 
 i., 
 
 '7 
 
 is 
 
 ly 
 
 <lct.iil». i the list! "f ■ hli i . rj [9 Inde 
 
 but 
 liferent name* • Alvah,' ' Ietheth,' '] Pinon/ 'Ml 
 
 • Irani '; rui'l the nun. ' Tin. Ifld ' < >ho- 
 
 lili.-nnrili." ■ t .•. 1 ( 1 ' Anah ' in J.| i> ri"t tbl I ' s 'ir ' "I 
 
 JO. 35, H), DOT 1- ' I NfhoO ' in .•_: the man ol tli.it Dame in 1 1 • ' 
 
 [i Hadad in 36 the Hadad 1 1 om. 'tin 1 »m ' . 
 
 in 2 re.vl »nn ; "in. 'daughtei "f Zibeon 1 ■•■• I '»- 
 
 consistent with 20. 14, :.-. i<), wliic!. "">
 
 i?6 
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 XXXVI 
 
 JI 
 
 22 
 
 ■23 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 27 
 28 29 
 
 3° 
 
 31 
 
 32 
 
 33 
 34 
 
 35 
 
 36 
 37 
 38 
 
 39 
 
 Shobal, and Zibeon, and Anah ; 21 and Dishon, and Ezer, and 
 Riskoti] : these are the ehiefs of the Choriies, the sons of Seir in the 
 /and of Edom. 22 And the sons of Lot an are Chori and Hemam ; 
 and Lo tan's sister was Tinnia. 2i And these are the sons of 
 Shobal ; A Ivan, and Manachath, and Ebal, Shepho, and Onam. 
 -' And these are the sons of Zibeon ; Aiah and Anah : this is 
 Anah who found the warm springs in the wilderness as he fed the 
 asses of Zibeon his father. K And these are the sons of Anah ; 
 Dishon and Oholibamah, the daughter of Anah. 26 And these are 
 the sons of Dishon : Chew Jan, and Eshban, and Iithran, and 
 Reran. 27 These are the sons of Ezer ; Bilhan, and Zaavan, and 
 Akan. "* These are the sons op '[Kishon]; Uz, and Aran. ■* These 
 are the ehiefs of the Chorites ; chief Lotan, chief Shobal, chief 
 Zibeon, chief Anah, "chief Dishon, chief Ezer, chief [Rislion] : 
 these are the chiefs of the Chorites, according to their [tribes] in the 
 land of Seir. 31 And these are the kings that reigned in the land 
 of Edom, before there reigned any king over the sons of /Israel. 
 52 And Beta the son of Beor reigned in Edom ; and the name of 
 his city was Dinhabah. S3 And Bela died, and Iobab the son of 
 Zerach of Bozrah reigned in his stead. 3l And Iobab died, and 
 Chusham of the land of the Temanites reigned in his stead. 
 35 And Cliusham died, and Hadad the son of Bedad, who smote 
 Miiiian in the field of Moab, reigned in his stead: and the name 
 of his city was Avith. '''"And Iladad died, and Samlah of 
 Masrekah reigned in his stead. 31 And Samlah died, and Shaul 
 of Kechoboth on the river, reigned in his stead. 38 And Shaul 
 died, and Baal-Chanan, the son of Akbor, reigned hi his stead. 
 '■''-'. hid Baal-Chanan, the son of Akbor, died, and [Iladad] reigned 
 in his stead: and the name of his city was I'au ; and his wife's 
 name wai Mehetabel, the daughter of Mat red, the [son] of 
 
 Esav is Edom' ; in 14 om. 'daughter of Zibeon,' as in 2 ; in 16 om. 
 ' Chief Korach,' whose right place is in 18, as in 14; in 19 om. 'the 
 same is Edom,' which is out of connection; in 21. 28. 30 read jirt 
 for ^ttt with LXX; in 26 read jct ; in 30 read crrc'TNb with lxx ; in 
 39 read "0 p with l.xx, and inn for iin with LXX ; and in 43 om. 'the 
 same is Esav, the father of Edom,' cf. 9), and Jakob's settlement in the 
 land of Kenaan, xxxvii. 1 (follows well on 8", cf. xii. 5. xiii. 6. n b . 12"; 
 ' dwelt,' as in xxxvi. 8 a ; ' land of sojoumings '). At this point our 
 writer's narrative becomes rather fragmentary. xxxvii. 2 a (' These are 
 the generations of; ' seventeen years old '), and xli. 46" ('thirty,' cf.
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 '77 
 
 Me-Zahab. *° And these are the names of the chiefs of Esav, 
 according to their families, after their places, by their names : 
 chief Tiiiuia, chief A hah, chief Ietheth ; a chief Oholibamah, 
 chief Elah, chief Pinon ; a chief Kenaz, chief Teman, chief 
 Mibzar ; ° chief Magdiel, chief Irani ; these are the chiefs of 
 Edom, acccording to their habitations in the land of their 
 possession. This is Esav the father of Edom \ . 
 
 1 But Iakob dwelt in the land of his father's sojourn- 
 ing!, in the hind of Kenaan. 
 
 2 * These are the generations of Iakob. Ioseph 
 seven tt'ii years old, a/id he was with tht sons of Bilhah, 
 and with the sons of Zilpah, his father's wives. * * 
 
 Ind I "ph was !■' ars old when he stood 
 
 before Pharaoh king of Mizraiim. 
 
 ***** * 
 
 And they took their cattle, and their substance which 
 they had gotten in the land of Kenaan, and came into 
 Mizraiim, Iakob, and all his seed with him: ~ I 
 and i.i h him, hii daughters and his ■ 
 
 dai, ' and all In ■ brought he with him into 
 
 Mizraiim. 
 which i ■u/ii 
 firstborn. * And the son, of Reuben: ■ 
 
 I Kin mi 
 lamin, and I '<'•/ /. ami I akin, an,' . and Mian/. : 
 
 a A, 
 
 xxxvi 
 4° 
 
 41 
 42 
 
 I.'. 
 
 xxxvi i 
 I 
 
 xli 
 
 xlvi 
 
 7 
 
 9 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 OH i ■)/• ■'< l. A-;' '/.:.: >: :-■■ >: I i 
 
 xxxm M 1 M ■ now 
 
 [4, 'And El Almigh man, 
 
 thai I .11 %•• .in brothei and Biniamin. And II 1 n 
 
 •Mill \lll. 
 I 
 
 1 1 mil ol 
 
 '1. 1 aIh. Ii p more 
 
 ori^'iml 1.1: '• I : 1 j I J 
 
 bly not from hit h md, bnl from tl l ddan-
 
 1 7 8 
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xlvi 
 
 '3 
 M 
 
 '5 
 
 16 
 J7 
 
 18 
 20 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 25 
 
 26 
 
 xlvii 
 5 
 
 Shelah, and Perez, and Zerach: but Er and Ouau died in the 
 land of Kenaan. And the sons of Perez were Ckezron and 
 Chamul. u And the sons of lissachar : Thola, and J'huvvah, 
 and /of', and Skimron. l *And the sons of Zebu lit n : Sered, and 
 /■'/on, and Iachleel. '"' These are the sons of Leah, which she 
 bare unto la/cob in Paddan-Aram, with his daughter Dinah : 
 all the souls of his sons and his daughters were thirty and three. 
 16 And the sons of Gad: Ziphion, and Chaggi, Shuni, and 
 Ezbon, Eri, and Arodi, and Areli. 17 And the sons of A slier : 
 limnah, and lishvah, and lishvi, and Beriah, and Serach their 
 sister ; and the sons of Beriah : Cheber, and Malkiel. u These 
 are the sons of Zilpah, which Laban gave to Leah his daughter, 
 and these she bare unto Jakob, even sixteen souls. VJ The sons of 
 Rachel, da/cob's 'wife : Joseph and Biniamin. 2U And unto 
 Joseph in the land of Mizraiim were born Menasheh and 
 Ephraiim, which Asenath, the daughter of J'oliphera, priest of On, 
 bare unto him. -' And the sons of Biniamin : Beta, and Bcker, 
 and Ashbel, Cera, and A'aaman, Echi, and A'osh, .1/uppim, ana 
 Chuppim, and Ard. - These are the sons of Rachel which ivere 
 born unto Jakob : all the souls were fourteen. 2i And the sons oj 
 J)an : Chushim. "And the sons of Naplitali : Jachzeel, and 
 Guni, and Jezer, and Shillem. '-'' J'hese are the sons of Bilhah, 
 -which Laban gave unto Rachel his daughter, and these she bare 
 unto Iakob : all the souls were seven. - 6 All the souls that came 
 with Jakob into Mizraiim, which came from his loins, besides 
 Jakob's sons' wives, all the souls were threescore and six ; 27 and 
 the sons of Joseph, which woe bom unto him in Mizraiim, w 
 two souls : all the souls of the house of Jakob, which came into 
 aiim were threescore and ten.} f 8 And Iakob and his 
 
 Aram,' 1 ,; ; ' souls,' 15. 18, etc., cf. xxxvi. 6; 'come from his loins,' 26, cf. 
 xxxv. n; 12 shows acquaintance with xxxviii, pp. 185 f ; 15 with xxxiv ; 
 18 with xxx. 9 ; 20 witli xli. 45 ; and 25 with xxx.4). Ik- then briefly 
 records the arrival of Iakob at Pharaoh's court, xlvii. 5'* 6 a . 7-10 ('the 
 lnn'l is before thee,' 6, cf. xxxiv. 10; ' the days of the years of the life of,' 8. 
 9, cf. xxv. 7 ; ' one hundred arid thirty years,' 9 ; ' sojournings,' 9, cf. xvii. 
 S. xxviii 4. xxxvi 7. xxxvii. 1 ; in 5 read with LXX: 7N niD'TiO TNa , i 
 '-. ' -z nvi€ r-.n v;n z~v *)0V which continues xlvi. 7, and was 
 readily omitted on account of the announcement in 5 of Iakob's arrival 
 in Goshen j, his settlement in Mizraiim, 11. 27''. 2S (with 11 cf. 6 ft , and
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 179 
 
 xlvii 
 sons came into Mizraiim unto Ioseph. And when 
 
 Pharaoh king of Mizratim heard of it, then Pharaoh 
 
 spake unto Joseph, saying], ' 'Thy father and thy brethren 
 
 are come unto thee : 6a the land of Mizratim is before 
 
 thee ; in the best of the land make thy father and thy 
 
 brethren to dwell! 'And Ioseph brought in Jakob his 
 
 father, and set him before Pharaoh : and Jakob blessed 
 
 Pharaoh. B And Pharaoh said unto Jakob, c How many 
 
 are the days of th, yt ars of thy life r ' A nd Jakob said unto 
 
 Pharaoh. '7 he days of the years of my sojournings are an 
 
 hundred and thirty years : few and evil hare been the days 
 
 oft/u years of my life, and they liar, not attained unto the 
 
 days if the years of the lift of my fatlu rs in the days of their 
 
 And when Takob had blessed Pharaoh 10 
 
 //' went out from the pt f Pharaoh. u And Ioseph 11 
 
 placed his father and his brethren, and them a / 
 
 ion in the land of Mizratim, in th, best of th. land 
 
 ■■ t/u land of Kg >■ i Phara h had commanded; 
 
 and th, v gat fht m / m th n in, and u . t < ft uil- 
 
 ful. and multiplied exceedingly. 'And Jakob lived in 
 
 the land of Mizratim seventeen \ ind tht 
 
 Takob, th> yean of his ltfe,wen an hundred forty and xlviii 
 
 lud Jakob said unto Ioseph, ' El Almighty 
 
 with a8 cf. 9 ; ' ] n,' n.aj vi. 6 ; ' fruitful and multiply,' 
 
 , cf. xx.\s. ii, ( tc. ; ' daj 9 ; in u om 
 
 glota ' in the land ol ■ ' ■ pb, dvii ' ^" ll 
 
 F. xxxr. 6*. 9 11; 'landol Kenaan,' .',, 'frnitfnl and multipl; 
 
 xlvii. .•; "11I 
 
 th;. Cf. Xvii. 
 
 ■ I with i \\ • to th. e and t" thy 
 • M< nashi h an-l Ephraiim' aa in Nnm, 
 
 , ii. 1 ; thi , Ind as for me, when I came from Paddan 
 
 Rachel to my grief died in the bud ol Kenaan ii , when tl 
 
 wai -nil lome to 1 phrath; and 1 buried hex th'i. in th< 
 
 way,' which ihowa acquaintance with zxxr. 19, p. 107 Paddan, 
 
 instead <<f I oul oi place here, and probably waa 
 
 n 2 
 
 1 -i' 
 
 ■ .
 
 iSo 
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. 
 
 xlviii 
 
 xlix 
 i a 
 
 28 
 
 »9 
 
 ?.o 
 
 31 
 
 23 
 
 appeared unto me at Luz in the land of Kenaan, and 
 blessed me, 'and said unto me, Behold, I will make 
 thee fruitful, and multiply thee, and I will make of thee 
 an assembly of peoples, and [to thee'] will I give /his land, 
 and to thy seed after thee for an everlasting possession. 
 5 And now thy two sons which were born unto thee in the 
 land of Mizraiim before I came unto thee into Mizraiim, 
 are mine ; Menasheh and Ephraiim, even as Reuben and 
 Shimeon, shall be mine. 6 And thy issue which thou hast 
 begotten after them, shall be thine; I hey shall be called 
 after the name of their brethren in their inheritance.' 
 { 7 And as for me, when I came from Paddan, Rachel to my grief 
 died in the land of Kenaan in the way, when there was still some 
 way to come unto Ephrath : and I buried her there in the way 
 to Ephrath : the same is Bethlechem.) la And Iakob called 
 unto his sons, { "^ All these are the twelve tribes of /Israel: 
 and this is it that their father spake unto them) and blessed 
 thou ; each according to his blessing he blessed them. 
 
 2 g 
 
 And he charged them, and said unto them, ' When I 
 am gathered unto my people, bury me with my fathers 
 \ in the cave that is in the field of Ephron the Chiltitc) 30 in the 
 cave that is in the Ji< Id of Makpelah, which is before 
 Mamre, in the land of Kenaan, which Abraham bought 
 7, i/h tin fit Id from Ephron the Chit tile for a possession 
 of a burying-place : 8l there they buried Abraham and 
 Sarah his wife ; there they buried lizchak and Ribkah 
 his wife ; and tin re I buried Leah [and Rachel] : 32 the 
 
 originally interpolated after xlix. 32 in place of ImvnNI in xlix. 
 31), and to his sons, xlix. i\ 28 b -?,2 (cf. xxiii. xxv. 9. 10. xxxv. 29; 
 'gathered to my people,' 29, cf. xxv. 8. 17; ' possession,' 30, cf. xlvii. 
 11 ; 28", ' all these are the twelve tribes of Iisrael : and this is it that 
 their father spake unto them,' interrupts xlix. I a and 28 b , and must be 
 ascribed to the redactor ; note ' Iisiael ' instead of ' Iakob,' and cf. xlix. 
 I* with xxviii. 1,, his death and burial, xlix. 33°°. 1. 12. 13 (' gave up the 
 ghost, and was gathered unto his people,' 33, cf. 29. xxxv. 29, etc. ; ' did
 
 PRIESTLY HISTORY BOOK. im 
 
 field and the cave that is therein, which was purchased 
 from the sons of Chelh.' 33a And when Iakob had made 
 an end of charging his sons, 33c he gave up the ghost, 
 and was gathered unto his people. a2 And his sons did 
 unto him according as he commanded tfiem : ,s and his 
 sons carrn d him into the land of Kenaan, and buried 
 him in the cave of the field of Makpelah, which Abraham 
 bought with the field, for a possession of a burying -place, 
 of Ephron the Chittite, before Mamre. 
 
 according as he commanded,' 1. 12, cf. vi. 22. xxi. 4 ; ' cave of Makpelah, 
 13, cf. xlix. 29. 30), and thus hastens on to the next matter of interest 
 to him, — the introduction of the divine name ' Iahvch ' by Moses, 
 Ex. vi. 2 ff. 
 
 xlix 
 
 33 a 
 
 33 c 
 
 1 
 
 12 
 13
 
 PRIESTLY STORIES. 
 
 Malchi-zedek, King of Shalem. 
 
 (a) Malchi-zedek, king of Shalem Gen. xiv). 
 
 1 And it came to pass in the days of Amraphel king of Skinar, 
 
 Ar-ioch king of Ellasar, Chedorlaomer king of ' Elam, and Tidal 
 
 king of the Goiim. -that they made 'war with Bern king of Sedom, 
 
 with Birsha king of Gamorah, Shindb king of ' Admah. and 
 
 Shetneber king of the Zeboiim , and the king of Beta {the same is 
 
 '/.oar . * All these joined themselves togetht r in the vale of Siddim 
 
 the same is the Salt-sea). 4 T'welve years they served Chedor- 
 
 laomer, and in the thirteenth year they rebelled. B And in the 
 
 fourteenth year came Chcdorlaomcr, and the kings that were with 
 
 him, and smote the Rephaim in Ashteroth-Kamaiim, and the 
 
 Zuzim in J fa in. and the Emim in the vale of Kiriathaiim, 
 
 • and the Choi it es in their Mount Seir, unto J: I- /'a ran. which 
 
 is by the wilderness. ' And they returned, and came to En- 
 
 Mishpat the same is Kadcsh , and smote all the country of the 
 
 Amalekites, and also i ' lies that dwelt in ( 'ha ,; on It: mar. 
 
 And there went out the k iom, and the king of Gamorah, 
 
 and the king of Admah, and the king of the /.eboiim. a>id the king 
 of He/a the same is Zoat : and they made battle against them 
 hi th,- vale of Siddim ; 'against Chedorlaomer Inn; of Elam, 
 
 Tidal In/ , I the < I, ami . an I Amrafhel king of Miiuar. and 
 .\ii r ' I lla a i ; four king a mi ! !'■ ' And tile 
 
 valf of Siddim wai /•- fhalt fits ; and the king ■/ Sedom 
 
 an I the i in ; of Gamorah fled, and they fell there, and they that 
 remained fled to the mountain, ' ' . tnd they took all the substatu e 
 
 XIV 
 
 I 
 
 3 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 r. 
 
 7 
 
 IO 
 
 I I 
 
 l ].■ re i^ do room i"r < .• a. xiv in eith< i the Prophetic >>i 
 ;,,. Prii ii ■"• Book, [t is an isolated story obviously intended to 
 glorii I iii 17 .• j is the hi hi "i tin , ii;,],i. 1 , • Shall m,' 1 f. P* 
 
 Uxvi. 2; ' king's vale, 1 < f. 1 Sam. sviii, i s ; with Malchl eedek['my 
 king is Zed< k *] cf . Adoni*& nj lord is Zedek '] of Jerusalem, Jos
 
 1S4 PRIESTLY STORIES. 
 
 xiv 
 
 1 2 
 13 
 
 14 
 
 15 
 16 
 
 1/ 
 
 18 
 
 '9 
 
 20 
 
 21 
 22 
 23 
 24 
 
 Malchi-zedek, King of Shalem. 
 
 ofSedom and Gamorah,and all their victuals, and went their way. 
 '-' And they took Lot { A brain's brother's son } who dwelt in Sedom. 
 and his substance, and departed. 1:; And there came one that had 
 d, and told A brain the Hebrew: and he dwelt by the Oaks of 
 Mamrethe Aemorite, brother of Eshkol, and brother of Aner : and 
 these were confederates with Abram. " And when Abram heard 
 that his brother 7vas taken captive, he led forth his trained men, 
 born in his house, three hundred and eighteen, and pursued as 
 far as Dan. ls And he divided himself against them by night, he 
 and his servants, and smote them, and pursued them unto Chobah, 
 which is on the left of Dammesek. l6 And he brought back all the 
 substance, and also brought again his brother Lot, and his sub- 
 stance, and the women also, and the people. "And the king of 
 Sedom went out to meet him, after his return from the slaughter 
 of Chcdorlaomcr and the kings that were with him, at the vale 
 of Shaveh {the same is the king's vale). l8 And Malchi-zedek 
 king of Shalem brought forth bread and wine : and he was priest 
 of El Most High. u And he blessed him, and said 'Blessed be 
 A brain of El Most High, Possessor of heavens and earth : 20 and 
 blessed be El Most Liigh, which hath delivered thine enemies into 
 thy hand.' And he gave him a tenth of all. 21 And the king of 
 Sedom said unto A brain, ' Give me the souls, and take the sub- 
 stance to thyself.' a And Abram said to the king of Sedom, ' / 
 have lifted up mine hand unto { Iahveh * El Most High, Possessor 
 of heavens and earth, 2J that I will not take a thread nor a shoe- 
 latchet nor aught that is thine, lest thou shouldest say, L have 
 made Abram rich: -*for myself nothing; only for what the 
 
 x. 1, cf. Ps. ex. 4), and therefore the work of a Judean, and has some 
 affinity in language with the Priestly History Book ('substance,' 11. 12. 
 16. 21, cf. xii. 5. xiii. 6. xxxvi. 7. xlvi. 6; 'souls,' 21, cf. xii. 5.xvii. 14; 
 ' born in his house,' 14, cf. xvii. 12. 13. 23. 27) but differs from it 
 fundamentally in style, and contains some peculiar expressions ("['in 
 ' trained men,' 14 ; ' lords of the covenant,' 13 ; ' Possessor of heavens 
 and eaith,' 19. 22 ; 'El Most High,' 18. 19. 22). The archaic style is 
 artificial and overdone, and the names ' Mamre ' (cf. xiii. 18. xviii. 1) 
 and ' Kshkol ' cf. Num. xiii. 23;, are names of places used of persons. 
 For 'Chazazon-Tamar' cf. 2 Chron. xx. 2. The story must be pronounced 
 a 'Midrash' (cf. 2 Chron. xxiv. 27) like Jud. xix and the Book of Ruth. 
 In 12 omit ' Abram's brother's son'; the distinctive epithet 'Abram the
 
 PRIESTLY STORIES. 
 
 185 
 
 Malchi-zedek, King of Shalem. 
 Iehudah and Tamar. 
 young men have eaten, and (lie portion of the men who went with 
 me, Aner, Eshkol, and Mamie— let them take their portion' 
 
 l> Iehudah and Tamar {Gen. xxxviii). 
 1 And it came to pass at that time, that Iehudah went down 
 from his brethren, and turned in to a certain Adullamite, whose 
 name was Chirah. "And Iehudah saw there a daughter of a 
 certain Kenaanitt whose name tuas Shua ; and he took her, and 
 went in unto her. 3 And she conceived, and bare a son, and L she] 
 called his name ' I.r.' * And she conceived again, and bare a son, 
 and she called his name ' ( )nan.' ' And she yet again bare a son, 
 and called his name ' She/ah.' And he was at Chezib when she 
 bare him. " And Iehudah took a wife for Er his firstborn, and \ 
 her name was Tamar. ' And Er, lehudalis firstborn, was 
 wicked in the eyes of lahveh, and Iahveli slew him. h And 
 Iehudah said unto Onan, 'Go in unto thy brother's wife, and 
 do thy pat I by her, and raise up seed to thy brother.' 9 And 
 Onan knew that the >■ d not be his ; and it came to pass 
 
 when he went in unto his brother's -wife, that he spilled it on the 
 ground lest he should give seed to his brother. " J And the thing 
 which he did was wicked in the eyes of Iain: h, and he slew him 
 also. " Then said Iehudah to Tamar his daughter-in-law, ' Re- 
 main a widow at thy father ' s house, till Shelah my son be grown ' : 
 for he said. ' Lest he lion Id die also as his brethren did! And 
 Tamar went and dwelt in her fathers house. u And in 
 process of time the daughter of Shua, /ehndah's wife died', and 
 
 when Iehudah was comforted he went up unto hit theep tht 
 
 to Timnah, he and hit friend chirah the Adullamite, ' And 
 
 it 7, a to d Tat 1 n aying, ' Behold, thy father-in law goeth up 
 
 to Timnah to thear hi. slice/'.' ".///,/ she put he, 
 
 xiv 
 
 xxxvm 
 I 
 
 3 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 
 10 
 
 1 1 
 
 '.'. 
 
 <l 
 
 Hebrew Introduce* Abratn in 13. In a omil 'lahveh' before El 
 Most Uv r 'h ' with 1. xx, cf. is. [9. 
 
 Gen iii ;i -"" »tory, Intl ■ In Ian 
 
 to the Prophetic ' lahveh,' 7. 10 j ' conceived and bare a on, and 1 tiled 
 his name,' 3. 4 5, cf. iv. x. 35. xadx. 3a fl , but again in didactl pnrp 
 the I'M Historj Book, It di al . lil f ■■ ol Ruth which 1 on 
 
 tains a reference to this chapter in Iv. u , but in a verj different spirit
 
 1 86 
 
 PRIESTLY STORIES. 
 
 XXXV111 
 
 '5 
 
 16 
 
 '7 
 
 >9 
 
 2D 
 
 21 
 
 22 
 
 -'3 
 
 24 
 
 26 
 
 Iehudah and Tamar. 
 
 garments off from her, and covered her with a veil, and wrapped 
 herself, and sat in the gate of Enaiim, which is by the way to 
 Timnah. For she saw that She/ah -was grown, but she was not 
 given unto him to wife. ls And Iehudah saw her, and thought 
 her to be an harlot ; for she had covered her face. I6 And he 
 turned unto her by the way, and said, ' Go to, I pray thee, let me 
 come in unto thee ' : for he knew not that she was his daughter-in- 
 law. And she said, ' I That wilt thou give me, that thou mayest 
 come in unto me ? ' " And he said, ' / will send thee a kid from 
 the flock? And she said, ' Wilt thou give me a pledge till thou 
 send it ? ' 18 And he said, ' What pledge shall I give thee ? ' And 
 she said, ' Thy signet, and thy necklet, and thy staff that is in 
 thine hand' And he gave them her, and came in unto her ; and 
 she conceived by him. u And she arose, and went away, and laid 
 by her veil from her, and put on the garments of her widowhood. 
 20 And when Iehudah sent the kid by the hand of his friend the 
 Adullamite, to receive the pledge from the woman's hand, he 
 found her not. n And he asked the men of her place, saying, 
 ' Where is the harlot that 7vas at Enaiim by the way-side ? ' 
 And they said, ' There hath been no harlot in this place.' w And 
 he relumed to Iehudah and said, ' I have not found her ; and the 
 men also of the place said, There hath been no harlot in this 
 place' 2l And Iehudah said, 'Let her keep \theni\ lest we be shamed. 
 Behold, I sent this kid, but thou hast not fohnd her.' u And it 
 came to pass about three months after, that it was told Iehudah 
 saying. ' Tamar thy daughter-in-law hath played the harlot ; 
 and behold, she is also with child by whoredom' Ami Jchudah 
 said. ' Bring her forth, and let her be burnt ! ' M When she ivas 
 brought forth, she sent to her father-in-law, saying, ' By the man 
 whose these are, am J with child' : and she said, ' Discern, I pray 
 thee, whose these be, the signet and the necklets, and staff' 26 And 
 Iehudah acknowledged them, and said, ' She is more righteous 
 
 with the levirate law Deut. xxv. 5-10), as Jud. xix (to which it may be 
 compared for its isolated and offensive character deals with the subject 
 of concubinage ; and for this end El and Onan are conveniently and 
 summarily disposed of. 7. 10. As Jud. xix is more or less based on the 
 Tahvistic story Gen. xviii. xix, so here there is dependence on Gen. xxv. 
 24-26. The above Iahvistic expressions may therefore be explained by
 
 PRIESTLY STORIES. 
 
 187 
 
 Iehudah and Tamar. 
 
 than I. for that I gave her not to She/ah my son.' And he knew 
 her again no more. v And it came to pass in the time of her 
 travail, that behold, twins were in her womb. 28 And it came 
 to pass when she travailed, that o?ie put out a hand: and the 
 midwife took and bound upon his hand a scarlet thread, saying, 
 ' This came out first' - J And it came to pass, as he drew back 
 his hand, that behold, his brother came out : and she said, ' How 
 hast thou broken forth! the breach be on thee' : therefore his 
 name was called 'Perez' {'breach'). 30 And afterward came 
 out his brother that had the scarlet thread upon his hand: and 
 his name was called ' Zerach ' (' uprising'). 
 
 xxxvm 
 
 27 
 28 
 
 29 
 30 
 
 imitation (cf. the Priestly expressions in xiv. p. 184). Tamar is a 
 recollection of Absalom's ill-fated sister in 2 Sam. xiii. For Iehudah's 
 family by Tamar. see the editorial passage Gen. xlvi. 12 (Num. xxvi. 
 19-2;
 
 APPENDIX. 
 
 Chaldean Flood Story. 
 
 Hasisadra, the hero of the flood, relates his adventures to 
 Izdubar — 
 
 "Then Hea, lord of Sheol spake unto me the will of the gods, 
 and said, ' Man of Surippak, son of Ubaratut, make an ark as I 
 shall command thee ; for Bel will destroy the sinful and the 
 living. But thou shalt preserve the seed of life in the ark. Make 
 it 600 (?) cubits long and 60 (?) cubits broad and high, and launch 
 it into the deep.' I said, ' But young and old will laugh at me ! ' 
 And Hea opened his mouth, saying, ' I will give thee what to say 
 unto them. Man has turned from me, and I will send a flood, 
 and thou shalt enter into the ark and shut the door. Take with 
 thee corn, and goods, and male and female slaves, and youths. 
 I will gather together tl ts of the Held and < n atures of the 
 
 earth, and send them unto thee, and thou shalt en< lose them in 
 thy door.' Then I did a Hea my lord commanded me. On the 
 5th day the ark was [4 measun i large. On the 6th I finished 
 the roof. On the 7th I worked at the outside, and on the 8th at 
 the in ide, and filled up the chinks. 1 pitched it within and 
 
 without with three measures of pitch. I made is for the 
 
 men and stalls for the cattle. I laid up wine in -oat-skins, and 
 
 •red up water and food, material for the ark, and the o.irs. 
 All this filled 1 wo thirds of the ark. Then ri< h with everything, 
 with sil 1 1 al and gold, I brought in all the si 1 d ol life, male 
 and female Blav< . bea ts of the field, creatures of the earth, and 
 ' hildren ol m< n. : ihama pn pan d thi flood, and 1 aid, ' To nighl 
 it will rain heavily. Enter into the ark andi lose the door. 1 That 
 day I offered a< riii' 1 j, .ind entered into the ark, and Bhul the 
 door. To close u 1 promi ed Buzur- adirabi the steersman, a 
 
 palace and goods.
 
 lyo APPENDIX 
 
 "Then Ragrau rose up in the heavens far and wide, Vul 
 thundered, Nebo and Saru went forth, Nergal and Ninip, spirits 
 of destruction, swept the earth. The flood reached the skies. 
 The bright earth became a waste. All life perished. Brother 
 knew not brother. In heaven the gods were frightened, and 
 sought refuge with Anu. They fled like a pack of hounds. 
 Ishtar, like a child, and Rubat, cried, 'All is turned to corrup- 
 tion! as I foretold it has come to pass: I have begotten my 
 people, but like the young of the fishes they strew the sea.' The 
 gods wept with her in lamentation. Six days and nights passed. 
 Wind, deluge, and storm overwhelmed. On the seventh day the 
 storm was calmed, and the deluge, destructive as an earthquake, 
 quieted. The rain ceased, and the wind and deluge ended. 1 
 felt the sea tossing, and knew mankind must be destroyed, and 
 the corpses floating like reeds. I opened the window, and the 
 light broke over my face. It passed, and I sat down and wept. 
 Tears flowed down my face. I could see the shore at the 
 boundary of the sea. Land rose up twelve measures high. The 
 ark reached Nizir and rested on the mountain unable to pass. 
 Day after day for six days the ark rested on the mountain of 
 Nizir. On the seventh I sent forth a dove which flew hither and 
 thither, and finding no resting place, returned. I sent forth a 
 swallow which also found no resting place and returned. And I 
 sent forth a raven which wandered to and fro, devouring and 
 floating on the waters, and did not return. Then I sent the 
 animals forth to the four winds, and poured out a libation on an 
 altar built on the peak of the mountain, an offering of herbs in 
 sevens, with reed, pine, and simgar. The gods gathered at the 
 smell, yea, the gods gathered at the savour, like flics they 
 gathered at the sacrifice. Rubat came with the brightness of 
 Anu. I rejoiced in the company of gods, and prayed that they 
 might be with me for ever: ' May the gods come to my altar! 
 but not Bel, who would have given my family to the deep.' Bel, 
 who saw the ark, went in anger to the gods and cried, ' Let no 
 one come out alive ! let not one be saved from the deep.' But 
 Ninip opened his mouth and said, 'Ask Hea of the matter; for 
 Hea knoweth all things.' And Hea opened his mouth and 
 spake to Bel, saying, ' Thou warrior god, who when in anger
 
 APPENDIX. 19' 
 
 destroyest with a flood, it was the sinner that did sin, and the 
 evil that did evil ; but let not the just be cut off, let not the 
 faithful be destroyed. Instead of thy deluge let lions increase, 
 and leopards, and famine, and pestilence, and these punish men.' 
 
 " But I did not peer into the counsel of the gods : their judgment 
 came to me in a dream. And then Bel came into the midst of 
 the ark, and took my hand, and raised me up, and my wife by my 
 side, and made a bond and covenant, and blessed me thus in the 
 presence of the people : ' Hasisadra, wife, and family shall be 
 carried away to be as the gods ! Hasisadra shall dwell afar off 
 at the mouth of the rivers.' Then they took me, and set me at 
 the mouth of the rivers afar off.' ! 
 
 l Paraphrased and abridged from George Smith's ' Chaldean 
 Account of Genesis/ 1876, pp. 264-272). 
 
 The above story is told on the Assyrian tablets discovered in 
 the library of Asshurbanipal in Kouyunijk, Nineveh. Asshur- 
 banipal, son of Esarhaddon, reigned from 668 -626 B.C. ('Assyria' : 
 Ragozin, p. 371 I, but the Assyrian story is a translation of a much 
 older ( ball [end. The scribe tells us that it was 'written 
 
 like the an >y' ('< haldean Account ol < icnesis,' p. 233). 
 
 original story is variously dated from 2000-1500 B.C. 
 
 It is a version, probably, of this Chaldi an story that is told in 
 the fra "t the - Historj ol Bi ro 1 ibylonian priest 
 
 who lived in the r< ign ol Antiochus II (261 246 B.C.), quoted by 
 the « bristian fath< rs. Alexander Polyhistor (( .86 B.C.) givesthe 
 story as follows : " After the death ol AnLt. s his son Xisuthrus 
 rei] iri. In his time happen* d .1 gri at deluge ; the 
 
 history ol which is thus d< cribed. The deitj Cronos appeared 
 
 to him in .1 visi and warned him that upon the 15th day ol 
 
 the month Dai sius there would be a flood, b) whi< b mankind 
 w,, oyed. He then d him towriti .1 hist< 
 
 ot the beginning, procedure, and com lu iion ol all thii d to 
 
 bury it in the 1 ity ol thi Sun at Sippara : and to build a vt 1 I, 
 and take with him into it his friends and relations ; and to con 
 on board everythii a Life, togethei with all 
 
 thediffi limals both birds and quadrupeds, and trust himsell 
 
 fearli Ij ! 1 the do p. Having a iked the d< its- whither he was 
 to sail, he wa 1 th fod | upon whii h h< offen d
 
 ! 92 APPENDIX. 
 
 up a prayer for the good of mankind. He then obeyed the 
 divine admonition, and built a vessel five stadia in length, and 
 two in breadth. Into this he put every thing which he had 
 prepared, and last of all conveyed into it his wife, his children, 
 and his friends. 
 
 " After the flood had been upon the earth, and was in time 
 abated, Xisuthrus sent out birds from the vessel ; which not 
 finding any food, or any place whereupon they might rest their 
 feet, returned to him again. After an interval of some days, he 
 sent them forth a second time ; and they now returned with their 
 feet tinged with mud. He made a trial a third time with these 
 birds ; but they returned to him no more : from whence he 
 judged that the surface of the earth had appeared above the 
 waters. He therefore made an opening in the vessel, and upon 
 looking out found that it was stranded upon the side of some 
 mountain ; upon which he immediately quitted it with his wife, 
 his daughter, and the pilot. Xisuthrus then paid his adoration 
 to the earth : and having constructed an altar, offered sacrifices 
 to the gods, and, with those who had come out of the vessel with 
 him, disappeared. They who remained within, finding that 
 their companions did not return, quitted the vessel with many 
 lamentations, and called continually on the name of Xisuthrus. 
 Him they saw no more ; but they could distinguish his voice in 
 the air, and could hear him admonish them to pay due regard to 
 religion ; and likewise informed them that it was upon account 
 of his piety that lie was translated to live with the gods, that his 
 wife and daughter and the pilot had obtained the same honour. 
 To this he added that they should return to Babylonia, and, as 
 it was ordained, search for the writings at Sippara, which they 
 were to make known to all mankind ; moreover that the place 
 wherein they then were was the land of Armenia. The rest 
 having heard these words offered sacrifices to the god?, and, 
 taking a circuit, journeyed toward Babylonia. The vessel being 
 thus stranded in Armenia, some part of it yet remains in the 
 Corcyraean mountains of Armenia, and the people scrape off the 
 bitumen with which it had been outwardly coated, and make use 
 of it by way of an alexipharmic and amulet/' Syncel. Chron. 
 xxviii.; Euseb.Chron.v. 8. (Translation of Cory, p. 21 ; 'Chaldean 

 
 APPENDIX. 193 
 
 Account of Genesis,' pp. 42 ff.) That this is a version of the 
 Chaldean story, and not dependent on the account in Genesis, 
 seems clear. Not only is 'Xisuthros' an easy Greek form of 
 (Ha) Sisadra. but the dream, the pilot, and the translation of 
 both hero and his wife to the abode of the gods, are peculiar to 
 these versions.
 
 INDEX TO PASSAGES IN THE TEXT. 
 
 
 TAGE 1 
 
 
 
 
 
 PAGl 
 
 i-ii- 3 
 
 151 
 
 ix. 28- 29 . .160 
 
 ii. 4* . 
 
 151 
 
 x. 1" . 
 
 
 
 
 l6l 
 
 4*-35 . 
 
 2 3 
 
 l'' . 
 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 iii. 1-19 
 
 26 
 
 -• :• 
 
 
 
 
 161 
 
 20 
 
 29 
 
 8- 14 
 
 
 
 
 4° 
 
 21-24 . 
 
 » 9 
 
 if 19 
 
 
 
 
 39 
 
 iv 1 
 
 »9 
 
 20 . 
 
 
 
 
 [6i 
 
 j 24 . 
 
 29 
 
 21 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 26" . 
 
 33 
 
 22-24 
 
 
 
 
 161 
 
 . 
 
 34 
 
 »5 30 
 
 
 
 
 40 
 
 v. 1-28 
 
 154 
 
 31-',- 
 
 
 
 
 161 
 
 29 .... 
 
 34 
 
 xi. 1 9 
 
 
 
 
 32 
 
 32 ... 
 
 155 
 
 10- .•; 
 
 
 
 
 if.i 
 
 vi. 1-8 . 
 
 34 
 
 28" 
 
 
 
 
 4 1 
 
 9-22 
 
 r 5 6 
 
 28 b 
 
 
 
 
 id 2 
 
 \ii. 1 - . . 
 
 35 
 
 -'■/ 30 
 
 
 
 
 4" 
 
 r, '. 
 
 "57 
 
 .'.' . 
 
 
 
 
 162 
 
 : 9 ■ 
 
 3f 
 
 x ii . i r 
 
 
 
 
 I 1 
 
 10 . . 
 11 
 
 '. ; 7 
 
 i 1, - 
 1 5 
 
 6 20 
 
 
 
 
 t- 
 
 1 -• . 
 
 
 xiii. 1 ( 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 1 1 1'." . 
 
 '57 
 
 6 .' 
 
 
 
 
 • "'.', 
 
 16' 
 
 :,'• 
 
 7 .." 
 
 
 
 
 43 
 
 17' 
 
 
 ii" u 
 
 
 
 
 163 
 
 ,;'... 
 
 36 
 
 1 .■'' IS 
 
 
 
 
 l 1 
 
 18-21. 
 
 ■r s 
 
 xiv. 
 
 
 
 
 183 
 
 . 
 
 36 
 
 XV. 
 
 
 
 
 1 l 
 
 14 . 
 
 
 xvi. 1 . 
 
 
 
 
 163 
 
 viii. 1-2" 
 
 
 2 . 
 
 
 
 1" 
 
 , 
 
 '• 
 
 
 
 
 \(>\ 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 
 
 I" 
 
 • 
 
 
 ifi 
 
 
 
 
 163 
 
 . 
 
 
 xvii. . 
 
 
 
 
 .«., 
 
 . 
 
 
 xviii. . 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 • 
 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 
 £2 
 
 '.-.'' 
 
 37 
 
 9 
 
 
 
 
 163 
 
 i., 19 . 
 
 1 9 
 
 
 
 
 
 55 
 
 20 . . . 
 
 
 1 |S 
 
 
 
 
 
 ix. 1 -17 
 
 
 i 1" 
 
 
 
 
 67 
 
 : 
 
 38 
 
 l» 
 
 
 
 
 1 66
 
 !.,'> 
 
 
 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 
 
 
 PAGB 
 
 PAGE 
 
 xxi. 2" . 67 
 
 xxviii. 1-9 . . .170 
 
 2"- S 
 
 
 
 
 166 
 
 lO-II" 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 6 . 
 
 
 
 
 61 
 
 II b -I2 
 
 
 
 «4 
 
 7 ■ 
 
 
 
 
 67 
 
 J 3- 15 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 8-21 
 
 
 
 
 61 
 
 t6* . 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 2. '-32 
 
 
 
 
 59 
 
 i6 b . 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 17" . 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 
 60 
 
 i7 b . 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 xxii. . 
 
 
 
 
 63 
 
 i7 e -i8 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 \xiii. . 
 
 
 
 
 166 
 
 19 . 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 xxiv. . 
 
 
 
 
 67 
 
 20-22 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 XXV. 1-6 
 
 
 
 
 66 
 
 xxix 
 
 
 
 85 
 
 7-n» 
 
 
 
 
 168 
 
 XXX. 1-2" 
 
 
 
 8S 
 
 ii" 
 
 
 
 
 73 
 
 2 b 
 
 
 
 8. 
 
 12-17 
 
 
 
 
 168 
 
 2 c -6" . 
 
 
 
 89 
 
 18 
 
 
 
 
 48 
 
 6 b 
 
 
 
 89 
 
 19-20 
 
 
 
 
 [69 
 
 6 c -8" . 
 
 
 
 89 
 
 Jl *£ 
 
 
 
 
 76 
 
 8 b 
 
 
 
 . 89 
 
 -'r'" 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 9-' 3" • 
 
 
 
 9c 
 
 26" 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 I3 b 
 
 
 
 9 c 
 
 26 1 
 
 
 
 
 [69 
 
 I3 c -i6 
 
 
 
 9 c 
 
 27-28 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 17" 
 
 
 
 9 1 
 
 29-34 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 17 1 ' 
 
 
 
 9c 
 
 xxvi. 1-33 
 
 
 
 
 73 
 
 i8« . 
 
 
 
 9 1 
 
 34-35 
 
 
 
 
 169 
 
 l8 b -20" 
 
 
 
 9 1 
 
 \xvii. r' 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 20 b 
 
 
 
 9 1 
 
 l" 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 20 c -2 2 a 
 
 
 
 91 
 
 
 
 
 
 77 
 
 22 b 
 
 
 
 9 1 
 
 9« 
 
 
 
 
 78 
 
 22 c - 23" 
 
 
 
 9 1 
 
 9 b -io 
 
 
 
 78 
 
 5 ib 
 
 
 
 9 1 
 
 11 14" 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 24" 
 
 
 
 9- 
 
 •4 1 ' 15 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 24 b 
 
 
 
 9' 
 
 [6 . 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 25 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 17 [8" 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 "/ 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 27 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 i'/' -20 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 28 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 21 --•-" 
 
 
 
 so 
 
 29-40" 
 
 
 
 92 
 
 23 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 40 b 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 -t • 
 
 
 
 80 
 
 . 4^-43 
 
 
 
 93 
 
 -: 30" 
 
 
 
 79 
 
 xxxi. 1 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 30 b ■ 
 
 
 
 81 
 
 2 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 3' 
 
 
 
 Sl 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 32 
 
 
 
 82 
 
 4 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 34 
 
 
 
 82 
 
 5-16 . 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 
 
 
 82 
 
 17-18" 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 . 43" 
 
 
 
 82 
 
 JS 1 ' . 
 
 
 
 171 
 
 43 1 '. 44 
 
 
 
 *4 
 
 19-20 . 
 
 
 
 . 96 
 
 44" • 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 21" 
 
 
 
 97 
 
 45 
 
 
 
 84 
 
 2I b 
 
 
 
 94 
 
 V> 
 
 
 
 
 169 
 
 2I'-23 a 
 
 
 
 • 97
 
 INDEX. 
 
 197 
 
 PAGE 
 
 PAGE 
 
 x.\ xi. 2 3 b . -94 
 
 xxxv. 7 !o=i 
 
 2+ 
 
 
 
 97 
 
 8 
 
 
 
 107 
 
 "5 b • 
 
 
 
 97 
 
 9- J 5 • 
 
 
 
 173 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 97 
 
 16-22" 
 
 
 
 107 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 97 
 
 2 2 b -26 
 
 
 
 170 
 
 -7 
 
 
 
 95 
 
 27-29 
 
 
 
 174 
 
 28-30. 
 
 
 
 98 
 
 xxxvi. . 
 
 
 
 174 
 
 3 1 
 
 
 
 95 
 
 xxxvii. 1-2 
 
 
 
 177 
 
 32-45 • 
 
 
 
 9§ 
 
 2 b . 
 
 
 
 10S 
 
 46" • 
 
 
 
 95 
 
 3-4 • 
 
 
 
 108 
 
 46'' . 
 
 
 
 96 
 
 5-1 1 
 
 
 
 10S 
 
 47 
 
 
 
 102 
 
 12-13" 
 
 
 
 10S 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 95 
 
 l 3 *-l 4 » 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 • • 
 
 
 
 
 14". 
 
 
 
 108 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 96 
 
 ,.: l8" 
 
 
 
 [09 
 
 5° 
 
 
 
 95 
 
 [8* . 
 
 
 
 108 
 
 51 54 
 
 
 
 IOI 
 
 iy-20" 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 55 
 
 
 
 i°3 
 
 20 1 ' . 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 xxxii. 1-2 . 
 
 
 
 • 103 
 
 20° . 
 
 
 
 . 1 10 
 
 3-'- • 
 
 
 
 • 96 
 
 21" . 
 
 
 
 110 
 
 13 s • 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 2I b . 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 I3&-3I" 
 
 
 
 98 
 
 22 . 
 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 11* . 
 
 
 
 i°3 
 
 23 • 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 22 
 
 
 
 100 
 
 24 . . 
 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 103 
 
 25-27 
 
 
 
 109 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 IOI 
 
 i8« . 
 
 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 30 • 
 
 
 
 '°3 
 
 :N h . 
 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 3' 
 
 
 
 IOI 
 
 30 
 
 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 xxxiii. 1 is 1 
 
 
 
 101 
 
 31 
 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 [8* . 
 
 
 
 '7' 
 
 32" • 
 
 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 19 • 
 
 
 
 105 
 
 33 
 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 20 
 
 
 
 104 
 
 34 • 
 
 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 \xxiv. 1-2* . 
 
 
 
 '7' 
 
 • 
 
 
 
 1 10 
 
 a* . 
 
 
 
 iof> 
 
 36 
 
 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 3 
 
 
 
 105 
 
 xxxviii. 
 
 
 
 185 
 
 » 
 
 
 '7' 
 
 XXXI 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 fi 
 
 
 106 
 
 , • 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 5 
 
 
 ' 7 « 
 
 r -v. 
 
 1 1 1 
 
 7 
 
 
 106 
 
 d. 
 
 
 
 1 1 2 
 
 10. 
 
 
 
 '7' 
 
 xli. 1-27 
 
 
 
 Il6 
 
 iii.' 
 
 
 
 loft 
 
 . 
 
 
 
 1 ia 
 
 13 '- 
 
 
 
 17a 
 
 -'/ 3o» b 
 
 
 
 1 .■ 1 
 
 19 . 
 
 
 
 106 
 
 ; 1 
 
 
 
 116 
 
 ,-n<, 
 
 
 
 T- 
 
 r • 
 
 
 
 1 2 2 
 
 
 
 
 1 '. 
 
 
 
 
 ll6 
 
 . 
 
 
 173 
 
 \o ■ 
 
 
 
 1 | 
 
 31 
 
 
 IO f > 
 
 .,. 
 
 
 
 ri6 
 
 1 ( . 
 
 
 104 
 
 i 13" • 
 
 
 
 1 ■•! 
 
 
 . 
 
 106 
 
 ■ 
 
 
 
 "7 
 
 '.' 
 
 
 
 '7.', 
 
 4 1 
 
 
 
 IlO
 
 U)S 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 PACE 
 
 PAGE 
 
 xli. 4:; . . . . i .'4 
 
 xlv. 24 b -25 . . . 13S 
 
 46" 
 
 
 
 
 '77 
 
 26 
 
 
 
 '37 
 
 46 b -47 
 
 
 
 
 "7 
 
 27" 
 
 
 
 138 
 
 48 
 
 
 
 
 124 
 
 27''-28. 
 
 
 
 138 
 
 49 
 
 
 
 
 117 
 
 xlvi. 1 
 
 
 
 138 
 
 50-54" 
 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 2-5 • 
 
 
 
 138 
 
 54 b ■ 
 
 
 
 
 121 
 
 6-27 . 
 
 
 
 177 
 
 55-56 nb 
 
 
 
 
 "5 
 
 28-34 • 
 
 
 
 138 
 
 56 c 
 
 
 
 
 117 
 
 xlvii. i-s; 11 . 
 
 
 
 I40 
 
 57 
 
 
 
 
 121 
 
 5 b -6" . 
 
 
 
 179 
 
 xlii. I" 
 
 
 
 
 121 
 
 6 b 
 
 
 
 140 
 
 i b 
 
 
 
 
 126 
 
 7-11 . 
 
 
 
 '79 
 
 2 . 
 
 
 
 
 121 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 I 4 I 
 
 3.4* • 
 
 
 
 
 126 
 
 13-26 
 
 
 
 117 
 
 4 b , 5* 
 
 
 
 
 121 
 
 27" . 
 
 
 
 140 
 
 5 b 
 
 
 
 
 126 
 
 27 b -28 
 
 
 
 179 
 
 6. 
 
 
 
 
 121 
 
 29-31 
 
 
 
 146 
 
 7 a 
 
 
 
 
 126 
 
 xlviii. 1-2 . 
 
 
 
 HI 
 
 7 b 
 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 3-7 ■ 
 
 
 
 179 
 
 7 C .8 
 
 
 
 
 122 
 
 8-9 . 
 
 
 
 141 
 
 9 tt 
 
 
 
 
 126 
 
 10' 1 . 
 
 
 
 MI 
 
 9 b "25 
 
 
 
 
 127 
 
 io b -i4 
 
 
 
 141 
 
 26-28" 
 
 
 
 
 123 
 
 I5 a • 
 
 
 
 • 142 
 
 28 b . 
 
 
 
 
 131 
 
 I5 b -i6 
 
 
 
 142 
 
 29-35 
 
 
 
 
 I30 
 
 17-19. 
 
 
 
 . 142 
 
 36-37 
 
 
 
 
 131 
 
 20* . 
 
 
 
 142 
 
 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 20 b . 
 
 
 
 . 142 
 
 xliii. 1-7 
 
 
 
 
 I24 
 
 21-22 
 
 
 
 142 
 
 8-34 
 
 
 
 
 125 
 
 xlix. I" 
 
 
 
 . 1S0 
 
 xliv. . 
 
 
 
 
 13' 
 
 l b -2 7 . 
 
 
 
 '43 
 
 xlv. 1 . 
 
 
 
 
 I36 
 
 28-33" 
 
 
 
 180 
 
 2 -3 
 
 
 
 
 1 .'.'» 
 
 33 b • 
 
 
 
 146 
 
 4 • 
 
 
 
 
 1 .'/' 
 
 33 c • 
 
 
 
 183 
 
 5-9 
 
 
 
 
 i ;/> 
 
 1. in 
 
 
 
 ■ '46 
 
 IO-II n 
 
 
 
 
 137 
 
 12-13 • 
 
 
 
 . 181 
 
 II* 
 
 
 
 
 • '37 
 
 14 . 
 
 
 
 . 148 
 
 12 
 
 
 
 
 1 36 
 
 I5-I7" • 
 
 
 
 • 147 
 
 13 
 
 
 
 
 137 
 
 '7 1 ' • 
 
 
 
 ■ '49 
 
 14 i S 
 
 
 
 
 ' :/» 
 
 18 . 
 
 
 
 . 148 
 
 Ifi- IS 
 
 
 
 
 ■ 137 
 
 19-20 
 
 
 
 • '47 
 
 19 
 
 
 
 
 137 
 
 2I-22 b 
 
 
 
 149 
 
 20 2 1"' 
 
 
 
 
 1 38 
 
 22 b . 
 
 
 
 . 148 
 
 21 b 
 
 
 
 
 • 137 
 
 23 • 
 
 
 
 • M9 
 
 2 2-23 
 
 
 
 
 • 1 36 
 
 24-26 
 
 
 
 148 
 
 24' 
 
 
 
 
 '37 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 THE 
 
 END. 
 
 

 
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