UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES STATE NORMAL 8CBOOL i03 yy A*t ' LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS FOR USE IN 'V DICTIONARY CATALOGS -:. ' ... -;. , -,: ,' i: : - -Jj ' \ t PREPARED BY A COMMITTEE OF THE AMERICAN LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 9886 WITH AN APPENDIX PUBLISHED FOR THE A. L. A. PUBLISHING BOARD BY THE LIBRARY BUREAU, 530 ATLANTIC AVE., BOSTON, MASS. 190 i u. ,'YN PREFACE. THIS List of subject headings has been prepared for the cataloger and is to be considered as an appendix to Cutter's Rules for a dictionary catalog, ed. 3, sections 99 to 120. Every compiler of a dictionary catalog finds two great difficulties : ist, the choice between synonymous or related headings ; 2d, the making of the neces- sary cross-references. The best catalogs show great diversity of usage and it has often been suggested that, by a collation of these catalogs, a list of subject headings might be made which would simplify the work of the cataloger and lead to more uniformity. At the Lakewood conference of the American Library Association a committee for this purpose was appointed. At the Chicago conference the committee reported progress and the Publishing Sec- tion was instructed to proceed with publication as soon as possible. At the Lake Placid conference the committee reported completion of the work, and it is now submitted to the members of the A. L. A and other librarians for approval. The catalogs on which the list is based are those of the Boston Athenaeum, Peabody Institute and Cleveland Public Library, the American catalog, and the Harvard Subject index. Of course no such list can be complete, nor is this intended to be so. It is limited to the headings most often needed in the small or medium sized public library. The following classes of headings have been omitted : 1. Personal names. 2. Geographical headings, such as names of countries, places, languages, literatures, etc. [See Library journal, i8:C79-So, for treatment of these.*] 3. Technical and scientific names, unless there are equivalent common names and for purposes of cross-reference. 4. Animals and plants and chemical and medicinal substances. 5. Books and Other parts of the Bible. These should be entered as sub- heads under Bible, with reference from their names. 6. The following special classes : Names of months, days, processes in arithmetic, parts of speech, virtues and vices, diseases, headings beginning with numbers (as Eighteenth century). 7. Other specific headings where there seemed to be no doubt as to name or references, as most games, foods, etc. It is thought that the list is sufficiently full for ordinary use. The head- ings for any new subject can be settled by the application of the rules given *See also Appendix G. HI 341722 PREFACE below and by the analogies of headings already in the list. For full discus- sion of principles the cataloger is referred to Cutter's Rules. Any cataloger having to deal with unusual books will consult special catalogs or reference books, such as the Surgeon-General's Catalog, Soule's Lawyers' reference manual, Bouvier's Law dictionary, M'Clintock and Strong's Cyclopaedia, etc. The general principle of decision is that the heading shall be that under which it is supposed that the majority of educated Americans will look, with cross-references from other forms of heading. In carrying out this principle the following rules have been followed so far as possible : 1. Use common names instead of technical, English instead of foreign ; but not if the common or English name is ambiguous or of ill-defined extent. 2. Use singular rather than plural except where subjects are only thought of under the plural. 3. Use headings most generally found in the leading catalogs. Usage, however, is changing ; Moral philosophy, for example, is now almost universally called Ethics. 4. Put compound names under the first word unless some other is more significant (Agricultural botany, rather than Botany, agricultural ; but History, ancient, rather than Ancient history).* In order that all the books on a subject may be brought together in the catalog, cross-references must be liberally supplied. For this reason the list of " see-alsos " is especially full. Particular attention is called to the " refer-froms." These are the " see- alsos " reversed and group under each heading the references that should be made from other subjects. Of course these references are not to be made unless the book cataloged actually illustrates the subject from which reference is made. They are suggestions rather than directions, and do not relieve the cataloger from using his judgment. It has not always been thought necessary to include in the list obvious " refer-from " references where the headings stand side-by-side in the alphabeti- cal arrangement. For example, from Agriculture to Agricultural botany, pests, etc. It will of course be understood that where the reference is simply " See," no subject entries are to be made under the heading referred from. One column is left blank for additions. The cataloger is advised to check headings and references as used and to add new headings required. If he wishes to use a different form of heading, it will be necessary to make the change wherever the heading occurs in the list, otherwise discrepancies will creep into the catalog. By this method a complete list of all the subject headings and references in the catalog will be at hand without reference to the catalog itself. * Minority report. C. A. Cutter prefers Ancient art, Ancient geography, Ancient history ; Classi- cal antiquities, Classical art, Classical biography, Classical geography, Classical history ; as he would prefer Medieval antiquities, Medieval art, Medieval geography, and Medieval history, if in that case the substan- tive Middle ages were not better. In this he follows the principle of concrete cataloging, which brings together what relates to a thing, a country, a period, rather than all works belonging to a class or form, such as Geography, History. PREFACE Unless the library is quite small, personal and geographical headings should be kept on slips as a supplementary list. When there is a great accumulation of entries under a heading, it is well to subdivide. The Boston Athenaeum and Peabody Institute catalogs furnish good models for such subdivision. [See also Appendix.] We do not expect that this List of subject headings will be considered final or escape criticism. If, however, the general scheme of the work receives the approval of librarians, it forms a basis upon which a revised edition can more easily be prepared. We shall be satisfied with our labors if the result is found useful to catalogers, especially to beginners. GARDNER M. JONES, G. E. WIRE, M.D., LL.B., C. A. CUTTER, Committee. SALEM, MASS., July 22, 1895 PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. IN the present edition a few errors have been corrected, and changes and addi- tions have been made in accordance with suggestions of catalogers. The small number of criticisms, either of the general plan or of particular headings, indicates that the work has met the approval of its users. The number of changes in head- ings is 192, many of which are merely alterations in spelling or compounding of words to conform to the Century dictionary, the standard adopted by the Publishing Section. The work having now been stereotyped, further changes are not to be expected for many years. Special thanks for suggestions are due to Miss Esther Crawford, head cataloger of the Dayton (Ohio) Public Library, and J. C. Hansen, head cataloger of the Library of Congress. Dr. G. E. Wire, formerly in charge of the medical department of the Newberry Library, and a member of the original committee, has revised the medical headings. The special feature of this edition is the appendix, which contains hints on subject cataloging, and schemes for subdivision of countries, cities, the Bible, Shakespeare, and languages, these being headings under which many entries are likely to accumulate. The more extended schemes are needed only by large libraries. Most libraries should begin with the briefer schemes, making additional subheads as the library increases in size. Thanks are due the Boston Public Library and the New York State Library School for permission to reprint those to which their names are attached. GARDNER M. JONES, C. A. CUTTER, EDITH D. FULLER, SALEM, MASS., May 24, 1898. Committee. FOR USE IN DICTIONARY CATALOGS Abbeys. See also Cathedrals ; Convents ; Monasticism. Refer from Catholic church ; Church architecture ; Church history ; Convents ; Monasteries ; Nunneries. Abbreviations. See also Cipher ; Shorthand. Refer from Manuscripts ; Shorthand ; Writing. Abdomen. See also Intestines ; Kidneys ; Liver ; Stomach ; Viscera. Refer from Anatomy ; Viscera. Abolition of slavery. See Abolitionists ; Slavery. Abolitionists. Refer from Abolition of slavery ; Biogra- phy ; Slavery. Abscess. See also Suppuration. Refer from Pathology ; Suppuration. Absolution. See also Confession ; Penance. Refer from Church polity ; Confession ; Penance ; Sin. Abstinence. See Fasting; Starvation; Tem- perance. Academies (learned societies) . See Societies. Academies (schools). Refer from Schools. Accent. See also Prosody. Refer from Language ; Prosody. Accidence. See Grammar. Accident insurance. See Insurance. Accidents. See also Bruises ; Burns and scalds ; Collisions ; Drowning ; Explo- sions ; Life-saving ; Poisons ; Ship- wrecks ; Surgery. Refer from Disasters ; Drowning ; Emer- gencies ; Injuries ; Life-saving ; Medi- cine ; Nurses and nursing ; Surgery. Accounts. See Arithmetic ; Bookkeeping. Accumulators. See Storage batteries. Aci-Adv] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Acids. Refer from Chemistry. Acknowledgments. Refer from Law. Acoustics. See Sound. Acrobats. Refer from Sports. Acrostics. Refer from Puzzles. Acting. See also Actors ; Actresses ; Ama- teur theatricals ; Drama ; Expression ; Pantomime ; Theatre. Refer from Actors ; Actresses ; Amateur theatricals; Amusements; Drama; His- trionics ; Stage ; Theatre. Actions at law. See also Costs ; Equity ; Evidence; Forms (in law) ; Injunctions; Pleading; Trials. Refer from Equity ; Forms (in law) ; Law ; Pleading ; Procedure ; Suits at law ; Trials. Actors. See also Acting ; Actresses ; Theatre. Refer from Acting ; Actresses ; Biography ; Drama; Players; Theatre. Actresses. See also Acting ; Actors ; Theatre. Refer from Acting ; Actors ; Biography ; Drama; Players; Theatre; Woman. Adages. See Maxims ; Proverbs. /Addresses. See Orations. v Administration. See Political science. Administrators and executors. See also Wills. Refer from Guardians ; Law ; Property ; Wills. Admirals. See also Naval biography. Refer from Biography; Naval biography. Admiralty. See also Commercial law ; Mari- time law. Refer from Commercial law ; Law ; Mari- time law. Adoption. See also Guardians. Refer from Children ; Foundlings ; Guar- dians; Law; Orphans. Adulterations. See also Drugs ; Food. Refer from Analysis of food ; Chemistry ; Commerce; Drugs; Food; Hygiene, public. Adultery. Refer from Criminal law ; Marriage. Advent. See also Second advent. Refer from Fasts and feasts. Adv-Agr] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Adventure. See also Discoveries ; Escapes; Explorers ; Heroes ; Shipwrecks ; Voy- ages and travels. Refer from Escapes ; Heroes. Adventurers. See Imposture. Adversity. See Affliction. I/Advertising. See also Signboards. Refer from Business ; Commerce ; Period- icals. Aerial navigation. See also Flight. Refer from Aeronautics ; Air ; Air-ships ; Balloons ; Engineering ; Flight ; Flying- machines ; Locomotion ; Mechanics ; Navigation. Aerolites. See Meteors. Aeronautics. See Aerial navigation. Aesthetics. See Esthetics. Affidavits. Refer from Forms (in law) ; Law. Affliction. See also Consolation. Refer from Adversity ; Ethics ; Suffer- ing. African colonization. See also Liberia, and the names of African colonization societies. Refer from Colonization ; Negroes ; Slavery. Age. See also Longevity ; Old age. Refer from Old age. Agents. See also Attorneys. Refer from Attorneys ; Brokers ; Com- mercial law ; Factors ; Partnership. Agnosticism. See also Atheism ; Positivism ; Skepticism. Refer from Atheism ; Faith ; Free thought ; Philosophy ; Skepticism ; Theology. Agreements. See Contracts. Agricultural botany. Refer from Botany. Agricultural chemistry. See also Fertilizers ; Manures ; Soils. Refer from Chemistry ; Fertilizers ; Manures ; Soils. Agricultural colleges. See also Agricultural education. Refer from Agricultural education ; Col- leges and universities. ^Agricultural education. See also Agricult- ural colleges. \ jj^f^tJf^ ^ciL-o-o-^-'O Refer from Agricultural colleges; Edu- cation. Agricultural exhibitions. Refer from Exhibitions. Agr-Alc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Agricultural machinery. See also Agricult- ural tools. Refer from Agricultural tools ; Machinery. Agricultural pests. See also Caterpillars; Fungi; Insects; Weeds. Refer from Gardening ; Insects; Pests. Agricultural societies. Refer from Societies. Agricultural tools. See also Agricultural machinery. Refer from Agricultural machinery; Tools. I/Agriculture. See also Barns ; Bees ; Botany ; Butter; Cattle; Cheese; Coffee; Corn laws ; Cotton ; Cow ; Dairy ; Domestic animals ; Domestic economy ; Drainage ; Ensilage ; Fertilizers ; Flax ; Floricult- ure ; Forestry; Fruit; Gardening; Grain ; Grangers ; Grape ; Grass ; Green- houses ; Hog ; Horse ; Irrigation ; Land ; Landscape gardening ; Maize ; Manures ; Milk ; Ox ; Peasantry ; Poul- try ; Sheep ; Soils ; Stables ; Sugar ; Tobacco ; Trees ; Vegetables ; Wheat ; Wool ; and headings beginning Agri- cultural. Refer from Arts, useful ; Botany ; Country life ; Farming ; Fruit ; Gardening ; Hus- bandry ; Land ; Market gardening ; Planting ; Plants ; Rural economy. Ague. See Malarial fever. Air. See also Aerial navigation ; Barom- eter ; Compressed air ; Meteorology ; Ventilation. Refer from Atmosphere; Chemistry; Meteorology; Physics. Air-engine. Refer from Engines. Air-pump. Refer from Philosophical instruments ; Pumps. Air-ships. See Aerial navigation. Albigenses. See also Waldenses. Refer from Church history ; Waldenses. VAlchemy. See also Chemistry. Refer from Chemistry ; Gold ; Hermetic art ; Metals ; Occult sciences ; Super- stition ; Transmutation of metals. Alcohol. See also Brewing ; Distillation ; Liquors ; Temperance. Refer from Chemistry ; Distillation ; Food ; Liquors ; Stimulants and narcotics ; Temperance ; Wine. Alcoran. See Koran. Ale-Alp] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Ale. See also Beer ; Brewing. Refer from Beer; Liquors. Algae. Refer from Botany ; Cryptogams ; Marine plants ; Mosses ; Ocean ; Sea mosses ; / Seashore ; Seaweeds. VAlgebra. See also Equations ; Mathematics ; Numbers. Refer from Analysis, mathematical ; Equations ; Mathematics. Aliens. See also Allegiance ; Citizenship ; Naturalization. Refer from Allegiance; International law; Law. Alkalies. Refer from Chemistry. Allegiance. See also Aliens ; Citizenship ; Naturalization. Refer from Aliens; Citizenship; Inter- national law ; Law. Allegories. See also Parables. Refer from Fiction ; Parables ; Religion. Allegory. Refer from Rhetoric. Allopathy. [For polemical treatises only.] See also Homeopathy. Refer from Homeopathy; Medicine. Alloys. See also Amalgamation. Refer from Amalgamation; Metals. %/Almanacs. See also Chronology; Nautical (- Lc-nn 0.1-1 O.C. 5 almanacs ; Year-books. Refer from Annuals ; Astronomy ; Cal- endars ; Registers ; Statistics ; Time ; Year-books. Almsgiving. See Charity ; Poor. Almshouses. See also Charities ; Poor. Refer from Charities ; Poor ; Poorhouses ^ Workhouses. "'Alphabet. See also Alphabets ; Cuneiform writing ; Hieroglyphics ; Inscriptions ; Printing; Writing. Refer from Inscriptions ; Language ; Letters (of the alphabet) ; Phonetics ; Writing. Alphabets. See also Illumination ; Mono- grams. Refer from Alphabet ; Decoration and ornament ; Illumination (of mss. and books) ; Lettering ; Monograms ; Orna- mental alphabets ; Painting, mechanical ; Penmanship ; Sign painting. Alp-Amp] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Alpine clubs. See also Geographical societies ; Mountaineering. Refer from Geographical societies ; Mountaineering ; Mountains. Alpine plants. Refer from Botany; Mountains. Alpine zoology. Refer from Mountains; Zoology. Altars. See also Lord's supper ; Mass. Refer from Church furniture. Alternating currents. See Electric cur- rents. Amalgamation. See also Alloys ; Mercury. Refer from Alloys ; Metals. Amateur operas. Refer from Amusements ; Opera. Amateur theatricals. See also Acting; Charades ; Pantomime ; Shadow panto- mimes ; Tableaux. Refer from Acting ; Amusements ; Charades ; Drama ; Private theatricals ; Tableaux; Theatre. Amazons. Refer from Woman. Ambassadors. See also Diplomacy. Refer from Diplomacy ; International law ; Ministers (of state). Ambulances. Refer from Carriages ; Military surgery ; Vehicles. [ American aborigines. See Indians. ~> \ V O*-rvie.>cie.fl.-i L American loyalists. See also U. S., History, Revolution. Refer from Biography; Loyalists, Ameri- can; Tories, American; U. S., History, Revolution. American party. Refer from Know-nothings ; Parties ; U. S., Politics. American revolution. See U. S., History, Revolution. Americanisms. Refer from Dialects ; English language ; Slang. Ammunition. See also Firearms ; Gun- powder; Projectiles. Refer from Firearms ; Gun ; Military art and science ; Ordnance. Amphibia. See Batrachia. Amphitheatres. See also Gladiators. Refer from Architecture. Amphorae. See Vases. Amp-Anc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Amputation. Refer from Military surgery ; Naval surgery; Surgery. Amulets. Refer from Archaeology ; Charms ; Super- j stition ; Talismans. , ~>i & operas ; Amateur theatricals ; Ballet ; Balls ; Camping ; Cards ; Charades ; Circus ; Coaching ; Concerts ; Conjuring ; Dancing ; Dolls ; Enigmas ; Fairs ; Fenc- ing ; Festivals ; Fortune telling ; Games ; Masquerades ; Music ; Opera ; Palmistry ; Pantomime ; Puzzles ; Riddles ; Sports ; Tableaux; Theatre; Toys; Ventrilo- quism. Refer from Entertainments ; Ethics ; Games; Recreation; Sports. Ana. See Anecdotes. Anabaptists. See Baptists. Anagrams. Refer from Literature. Analysis. See Assaying ; Blowpipe ; Chem- istry ; Spectrum ; also name of substance analyzed. Analysis, mathematical. See Algebra ; Cal- culus. Analysis of food. See Adulterations ; Food. Analytical geometry. See Geometry. Anarchy. See also Nihilism. Refer from Nihilism ; Political science. v. Anatomy. See also Abdomen ; Anatomy for artists ; Anthropometry ; Arteries ; Autopsy ; Bones ; Brain ; Breast ; Dis- section ; Ear ; Eye ; Foot ; Hand ; Head ; Heart ; Histology ; Intestines ; Joints ; Liver ; Lungs ; Mouth ; Nerves ; Ner- vous system ; Nose ; Physiology ; Skull ; Spine ; Stomach ; Surgery ; Teeth ; Throat ; Veins ; Vivisection. Refer from Biology ; Body, human ; Dis- section ; Histology ; Human body ; Man ; Medicine ; Morphology ; Physiology ; Surgery ; Zoology. Anatomy for artists. See also Expression ; Figure painting. Refer from Anatomy ; Artistic anatomy ; Artists ; Arts, fine ; Drawing ; Expres- sion ; Figure painting ; Human figure ; Painting ; Sculpture. Ancestor-worship. See also Confucianism. Refer from Parents; Worship. Ancestry. See Genealogy ; Heredity. Anc-Ani] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Anchors. Refer from Ships. Ancien regime. See France, History. Ancient art, geography, history, etc. See Art, Geography, History, etc., under which subdivisions may be made if necessary. Anecdotes. See also Table-talk. Refer from Ana ; Biography ; Literature ; Table-talk; Wit and humor. Aneroid barometer. See also Barometer. Refer from Barometer. Anesthetics. See also Chloroform ; Ether. Refer from Chloroform ; Ether ; Medicine ; Pain ; Surgery ; Therapeutics. Angels. See also Demonology. Refer from Bible ; Heaven ; Theology. Angling. See Fishing. Aniline colors. See also Dyeing. Refer from Chemistry ; Coal ; Coal tar colors ; Color ; Dyeing. Animal coloration. See Color of animals. Animal electricity. Refer from Electricity; Zoology. Animal food. See also Cannibalism ; Meat ; Vegetarianism. Refer from Food; Meat; Vegetarianism. Animal heat. Refer from Heat; Temperature; Zoology. Animal kingdom. See Zoology. Animal 'locomotion. See also Birds ; Flight ; Running ; Walking ; Wings. Refer from Birds ; Flight ; Locomotion ; / Zoology. ''Animal magnetism. See also Clairvoyance ; Hypnotism ; Mind-reading ; Second sight. Refer from Clairvoyance ; Hypnotism ; Magnetism ; Medicine ; Mental sugges- tion ; Mesmerism ; Mind and body ; Mind-cure ; Mind-reading ; Physiology ; Psychology ; Sleep ; Spiritualism ; Sug- gestion, mental ; Therapeutics. V/Animal psychology. See also Instinct. Refer from Instinct; Intellect; Intelli- gence of animals ; Psychology ; Reason ; Soul ; Zoology. Animalcules. See also Microscope. Refer from Zoology. Animals. See Domestic animals ; Hunting ; Zoology; also headings beginning with Animal. Ani-Ant] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS ^Animals, legends and stories of. See also fjtnimad *$~rc> Bestiaries ; Fables. Refer from Legends ; Mythology ; Zoo- logical mythology. Animals, training of- See also Domestica- tion. Refer from Domestication ; Training. Animals, treatment of. See also Vivi- section. Refer from Brutes ; Cruelty ; Ethics ; Kindness to animals. Animals, worship of. See also Serpent- worship. Refer from Mythology ; Worship ; Zoo- logical mythology. Annals. See Chronology ; History. Annealing. See also Glass ; Iron. Refer from Metals. Annihilation. See also Future life. Refer from Future life; Theology. Annuals. [Enter here only the old-fashioned gift-books.] See also Almanacs ; Year- books. Refer from Year-books. Annuals (plants). Refer from Floriculture. Annuities. Refer from Insurance; Investments; Probabilities. Anonyms. y Refer from Authors; Bibliography. V^.ntarctic regions. Refer from Arctic regions ; Earth ; Polar regions ; Voyages and travels. Anthems. See also Chants ; Church music ; Hymns. Refer from Chants ; Church music ; Music ; Songs. Anthropology. See Civilization ; Ethnology ; Language ; Man ; Woman. Anthropometry. Refer from Anatomy ; Man. Antichrist. Refer from Jesus Christ ; Theology. Antinomianism. Refer from Calvinism ; Congregational- ism ; Massachusetts, Church history; Theology. Antiquarian societies. Refer from Historical societies. Antiquities. See Archaeology; also under names of countries, etc. Ant-App] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Antiseptics. See also Disinfection. Refer from Disinfection ; Medicine ; Surgery ; Therapeutics. Antislavery. See Slavery. Apartment houses. Refer from Architecture, domestic ; Flats ; Hotels. Apes. See also Gorilla ; Monkeys. Refer from Mammals ; Monkeys ; Zoology. Aphorisms. See Epigrams ; Maxims ; Prov- erbs ; Quotations ; Table-talk. Apiculture. See Bees. Apocalypse. See Bible. Apocrypha. See Bible. Apocryphal gospels, etc. See also Apostles' creed; Apostolic constitutions. Refer from Apostles' creed ; Bible ; Fathers of the church. Apologetics. See Christianity. Apoplexy. Refer from Brain; Medicine, practice of; Paralysis. Apostles. See also Bible. Refer from Bible ; Christian biography ; Church history ; Evangelists ; Jesus Christ; Theology. Apostles' creed. See also Apocryphal gos- pels. Refer from Apocryphal gospels ; Church of England; Creeds; Protestant episcopal church in the U. S. Apostolic church. See Church history. Apostolic constitutions. Refer from Apocryphal gospels, etc. ; Church law ; Fathers of the church ; Theology. Apostolic fathers. See also Fathers of the church. Refer from Christian biography ; Church history ; Fathers of the church. Apostolic succession. See also Bishops ; Episcopacy ; Popes. Refer from Bishops; Church history; Church of England; Church polity; Episcopacy; Popes; Protestant episco- pal church in the U. S. ; Theology. Apothecaries. See also Pharmacy. Refer from Biography ; Pharmacy. Apothegms. See Epigrams ; Maxims ; Proverbs; Quotations; Table-talk. Apparatus. See Instruments. Apparitions. See also Demonology ; Ghosts ; Spiritualism. Refer from Delusions; Demonology: 10 App-Arc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Dreams ; Ghosts ; Hallucinations ; Illu- sions ; Phantoms ; Psychology ; Spec- tres ; Spirits; Spiritualism; Super- natural ; Superstition ; Visions. Appeal. Refer from Law. Apprentices. Refer from Boys ; Economics ; Labor ; Master and servant. Aquarium. Refer from Fish; Marine, zoology ; Nat- ural history ; Zoology. Aquatic animals. See Marine zoology. Aqueducts. Refer from Canals ; Engineering ; Hy- draulic engineering; Water-supply. Arabesque. Refer from Decoration and ornament. "Arbitration, industrial. Refer from Commercial law ; Labor ; Strikes and lockouts. Arbitration, international. Refer from International law. Arbor-day. See also Forestry. Refer from Forestry ; Holidays ; Trees. Arboriculture. See Forestry ; Fruit. Arc lamps. See Electric lamps. J Archaeology. See also Amulets ; Archi- tecture ; Arms and armor ; Arrow-heads ; Arts, fine; Baths and bathing; Bells; Bible ; Brasses ; Bronze age ; Bronzes ; Burial ; Castles ; Catacombs ; Caves ; Cemeteries ; Chariots ; Christian art ; Church antiquities ; Civilization ; Classi- cal antiquities ; Cliff-dwellings ; Coffins ; Coins and medals ; Costume ; Epitaphs ; Ethnology ; Folk-lore ; Fountains ; Gems ; Glass ; Heraldry ; History ; Indians ; Inscriptions ; Lake-dwellings ; Man ; Manners and customs ; Marriage ; Middle ages ; Monuments ; Mound-build- ers ; Mounds ; Mummies ; Mythology ; Obelisks ; Pageants ; Painting ; Pot- tery ; Pyramids ; Sculpture ; Seals ; Shell- mounds ; Signboards ; Stone age ; Sun- . dials ; Temples ; Tombs ; also names of countries, sub-head Antiquities. Refer from Antiquities ; Architecture ; Arts, fine ; Civilization ; Classical an- tiquities ; Ethnology ; Excavations ; His- tory ; History, ancient ; Man ; Manners and customs ; Monuments ; Mythology ; Prehistoric archaeology ; Ruins. II Arc-Arc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Archbishops See also Bishops; Christian biography. Refer from Bishops; Catholic church; Christian biography; Church of Eng- land; Episcopacy. Archery. Refer from Arrows ; Games ; Shooting ; Sports. Arches. See also Arches of triumph ; Vaulting. Refer from Architecture; Bridges; Engi- neering ; Masonry ; Roofs ; Vaulting ; Voussoir arches. Arches of triumph. Refer from Arches ; Architecture ; Monu- ments ; Triumphal arches. Architects. Refer from Architecture ; Artists ; Biog- raphy. Architectural drawing. Refer from Architecture ; Drawing ; / Mechanical drawing. ^Architecture. See also Amphitheatres ; Archaeology ; Arches ; Arches of tri- umph ; Architects ; Architectural draw- ing ; Arts, fine ; Baptisteries ; Barns ; Basilicas ; Baths and bathing ; Bridges ; Building associations ; Building mate- rials ; Carpentry ; Castles ; Cathedrals ; Chimneys ; Christian art ; Church archi- tecture ; Cliff-dwellings ; Columns ; Deco- ration and ornament ; Domes ; Doors ; Fences ; Floors ; Foundations ; Foun- tains ; Gates; Girders; Gothic architect- ure ; Greenhouses ; Handrailing ; Hard- ware ; Heating ; Hospitals ; Hotels ; House painting ; Lake-dwellings ; Libra- ries ; Masonry ; Metal-work ; Obelisks ; Orders (architectural) ; Palaces ; Plas- tering ; Plumbing ; Pyramids ; Roofs ; Sanitary engineering ; School-houses ; Sound ; Spires ; Stables ; Stair-build- ing ; Strength of materials ; Temples ; Theatre; Tombs; Towers; Trusses; Vaulting; Ventilation; Walls; Win- dows. Refer from Archaeology; Arts, fine; Arts, useful ; Building ; Carpentry ; Dec- oration and ornament ; Engineering ; Rural architecture; Strength of materials. [/Architecture, domestic. See also Apart- ment houses ; Cottages ; House decora- 12 Arc-Arm] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS tion ; House painting ; Tenement- houses. Refer from Cottages ; Domestic architect- ure ; Dwellings ; Houses ; Residences ; Tenement-houses ; Villas. Architecture, military. See Fortification ; Military architecture. Architecture, naval. See Ship-building. r . Arctic regions. See also Antarctic regions ; North pole ; Northeast passage ; North- west passage. Refer from Earth ; Geography ; Ice ; North pole ; Northeast passage ; North- west passage ; Polar Regions ; Voyages and travels. Argonauts. Refer from Golden fleece ; Mythology. Argot. See Slang. Arianism. See also Socinianism ; Trinity; Unitarianism. Refer from Church history ; Jesus Christ ; Socinianism ; Trinity ; Unita- / rianism. ^/Arithmetic. See also Arithmetical instru- ments ; Bookkeeping ; Decimal system ; Interest; Mensuration; Metric system; Numbers ; Numerals. Refer from Accounts ; Mathematics ; Men- tal arithmetic; Numbers (theory of); Weights and measures. Arithmetical instruments. See also Calcu- lating machines. Refer from Arithmetic; Instruments; Mathematical instruments. Armatures. Refer from Electric engineering ; Elec- tricity ; Electromagnets. Arminianism. Refer from Predestination ; Theology. Armor. See Arms and armor. Armored vessels. Refer from Iron-clad vessels ; Naval art and science ; Ship-building ; Ships. Arms, coats of. See Heraldry. Arms and armor. See also Artillery ; Bayonet ; Firearms ; Gun ; Gunnery ; Helmets ; Ordnance ; Pistol ; Rifle ; Sword. Refer from Archaeology ; Armor ; Cos- tume ; Firearms ; Heraldry ; Military art and science ; Weapons. ^ Army. See Military art and science; also trrir** ff^L. (A names of countries. Arr-Art] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Arrest. Refer from Constables; Criminal law; Imprisonment ; Law. Arrow-heads. Refer from Archaeology. Arrows. See Archery. Arsenals. Refer from Firearms ; Military architect- ure ; Ordnance. Art. See also Arts, fine; Arts, useful; Esthetics. / Refer from Esthetics. 'Art education. Refer from Arts, fine ; Education. Art galleries. Refer from Arts, fine ; Exhibitions ; Museums ; Paintings ; Pictures. Arteries. See also Blood ; Veins. Refer from Anatomy ; Blood ; Veins. Artesian wells. See also Boring; Wells. Refer from Boring ; Hydraulic engineer- ing; Water-supply; Wells. Articles, thirty-nine. See Church of Eng- land. Artificial flowers. See also Wax flowers. Refer from Fancy work ; Flowers. Artillery. See also Gunnery; Military art and science ; Naval artillery ; Ordnance ; Projectiles. Refer from Arms and armor ; Batteries ; Firearms ; Gun ; Gunnery ; Military art and science ; Ordnance ; Tactics. Artistic anatomy. See Anatomy for artists. Artists. See also Anatomy for artists ; Architects ; Engravers ; Musicians ; Painters ; Sculptors. Refer from Arts, fine ; Biography ; En- gravers ; Painters ; Painting ; Sculp- tors. vArts, fine. See also Anatomy for artists ; Archaeology ; Architecture ; Art educa- tion ; Art galleries ; Artists ; Book illus- tration ; Brasses ; Bric-a-brac ; Bronzes ; Caricature ; Carving ; Christian art and symbolism ; Coins and medals ; Cos- tume ; Decoration and ornament ; Draw- ing ; Embroidery ; Enamel ; Engraving ; Esthetics ; Etching ; Exhibitions ; Fres- coes ; Furniture ; Gems ; Glass ; Glass- painting ; Goldsmithing ; House decor- ation ; Illumination ; Ironwork ; Jewelry ; Lace ; Landscape gardening ; Leather work ; Lithography ; Metal-work ; Minia- ture painting ; Mosaics ; Music ; Needle- Art-Ass] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS work ; Painting ; Photography ; Portraits ; Pottery ; Renaissance ; Sculpture ; Sil- houettes ; Silversmithing ; Symbolism ; Tapestry. Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Art ; Book illustration ; Christian art and symbolism ; Composition ; Criticism ; Decoration and ornament ; Design ; En- graving ; Esthetics ; Fine arts ; Graphic arts ; Painting ; Sculpture. Arts, useful. See also Agriculture ; Architect- ure ; Assaying ; Blacksmithing ; Book- binding ; Brewing ; Bricks ; Bridges ; Business ; Cabinet work ; Calico-print- ing ; Carpentry ; Carving ; Casting ; Chemistry ; Commerce ; Cookery ; Dec- oration and ornament ; Distillation ; Domestic economy ; Dyeing ; Electric engineering ; Engineering ; Engraving ; Exhibitions ; Factories ; Fisheries ; Floriculture ; Furniture ; Gardening ; Gilding; Glass; Horseshoeing; In- ventions ; Machinery ; Manual training ; Manufactures ; Masonry ; Mechanics ; Medicine ; Metal-work ; Metals ; Mills ; Mines and mining ; Navigation ; Paint- ing, mechanical ; Patents ; Photography ; Plumbing ; Pottery ; Printing ; Receipts ; Ship-building ; Surveying ; Tanning ; Tapestry ; Technical education ; Tele- graph ; Textile fabrics; Timekeepers; Tools; Turning; Upholstery; Weav- ing ; Woodwork. Refer from Art ; Chemistry ; Discoveries (in science) ; Domestic economy ; En- gineering; Industrial arts; Manufact- ures ; Mechanic arts ; Science ; Tech- nology ; Useful arts. Aryans. Refer from Ethnology ; Mythology ; Re- ligions. Asceticism. See also Fasting ; Hermits ; Monasticism. Refer from Church polity ; Fasting ; Her- mits ; Monasticism ; Theology. Ash Wednesday. See also Lent. Refer from Fasts and feasts ; Lent. Assassination. See also Murder. Refer from Criminal law ; Murder. Assault. Refer from Criminal Law ; Law. Assaying. See also Blowpipe ; Metals. Refer from Analysis; Arts, useful; Ass-Asy] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Blowpipe ; Chemistry ; Metals ; Min- eralogy. Assessment. See Taxation. Assignments. See also Bankruptcy. Refer from Bankruptcy; Commercial law; Contracts ; Debt ; Law. Association. See Cooperation. Associations. See Corporations ; Guilds ; Societies; Trade-unions. Assurance. See Insurance. Asteroids. Refer from Astronomy ; Planets ; Solar system ; Stars. Asthma. Refer from Breathing; Medicine, practice of. Astrology. Refer from Astronomy ; Fortune-telling : Hermetic art ; Occult sciences ; Omens ; Planets ; Stars ; Superstition. Astronomers. Refer from Astronomy ; Biography ; Scientists. Astronomical instruments. See also Tele- scope. Refer from Astronomy ; Instruments ; Optical instruments ; Philosophical in- struments. Astronomical photography. , Refer from Astronomy ; Photography, v Astronomy. See also Almanacs ; Asteroids ; Astrology ; Astronomers ; Astronomical instruments ; Astronomical photog- raphy ; Chronology ; Comets ; Earth ; Eclipses ; Equinoxes ; Globes ; Gravi- tation ; Latitude ; Longitude ; Meteors ; Moon ; Nautical almanacs ; Nautical as- tronomy ; Navigation ; Nebulae ; Pen- dulum ; Planets [and their names] ; Plu- rality of worlds ; Seasons ; Solar system ; Space ; Spectrum ; Stars ; Sun ; Tele- scope ; Tides ; Time ; Transits ; Uni- verse ; Zodiac ; Zodiacal light. Refer from Atlases ; Constellations ; Earth ; Eclipses ; Globes ; Gravitation ; Heav- ens ; Mathematics ; Physics ; Planets ; Science ; Sky ; Solar system ; Stars ; Time ; Universe. Asylum, right of. Refer from Law ; Sanctuary. Asylums. See also Hospitals ; Insane hos- pitals. Refer from Charities ; Hospitals ; Medicine. 16 Ath-Aut] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Athanasian creed. Refer from Church of England ; Creeds ; Trinity. Atheism. See also Agnoticism ; Deism ; God ; Materialism ; Natural religion ; Skepticism ; Theism. Refer from Agnosticism ; Deism ; God ; Natural religion ; Philosophy ; Religion ; Skepticism ; Theism ; Theology. Athletics. See Gymnastics ; Physical educa- tion ; Sports. Atlases. See also Astronomy ; Geography ; Historical atlases ; Maps. Refer from Geography ; Maps. Atmosphere. See Air ; Meteorology. Atoms. See also Chemistry ; Molecules ; Physics. Refer from Chemistry ; Matter ; Molecules ; Physics. Atonement. See also Jesus Christ. Refer from Jesus Christ ; Sacrifice ; Theology. Attachment. Refer from Commercial law; Law. Attorneys. See also Agents. Refer from Agents ; Law. Auctions. Refer from Business ; Commerce ; Sale. Augury. See Divination. Auricular confession. See Confession. Aurora. Refer from Meteorology ; Northern lights. Authors. See also Anonyms ; Authorship ; Bibliography; Copyright; Dramatists; Historians ; Literature ; Musicians ; Naturalists; Novelists; Poets; Pseu- donyms ; Scientists. Refer from Biography ; Literary men ; Literature ; Writers. Authorship. See also Journalism ; Versifi- cation. Refer from Authors ; Journalism ; Litera- ture ; Writing. Autographs. Refer from Biography; Handwriting; Signatures. Autopsy. Refer from Anatomy; Death; Dissection; Medical jurisprudence ; Medicine ; Pathology; Post-mortem examinations; Surgery. Autumn. Refer from Fall ; Seasons. 17 Aut-Ban] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Autumnal catarrh. See Hay-fever. Avalanches. Refer from Mountains ; Snow. Avesta. See also Parsees. Refer from Parsees. Awards. Refer from Law. Axioms. Refer from Geometry ; Mathematics ; Philosophy; Truth. Backgammon. Refer from Games. yBacteria. See also Fermentation ; Germ theory. Refer from Botany ; Contagion ; Fermen- tation ; Fungi ; Germ theory ; Medicine ; Microbes ; Parasites ; Pathology. Bail. Refer from Criminal law ; Law. Bailments. Refer from Contracts; Guaranties and sureties ; Law. Baking. See also Bread ; Cookery. Refer from Cookery. Baldness. See also Hair. Refer from Hair; Head. Ball. See Baseball ; Cricket ; Football. /Ballads. See also Chap-books ; Folk-songs ; Legends ; Lyric poetry ; Poetry ; Songs ; also English, etc., ballads. Refer from Carols ; Chap-books ; Folk- songs ; Legends; Literature; Lyric poetry; Poetry; Songs. Ballet. Refer from Amusements; Dancing; Theatre. Ballistics. See Projectiles. Balloons. See Aerial navigation. Ballot. See also Election ; Suffrage. Refer from Election ; Political science ; Suffrage; Voting. Balls (parties). See also Dancing; Mas- querades. Refer from Amusements; Dancing; Parties. Banditti. See Brigands. Bank notes. See also Counterfeits; Paper money. Refer from Banks; Counterfeits; Engrav- ing ; Money ; Paper money. Bankers. Refer from Banks ; Biography. Banking. See Banks and Banking. 18 Ban-Bas] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Bankruptcy. See also Assignments ; Debt ; Receivers. Refer from Assignments ; Commerce ; Commercial law ; Corporations ; Debt ; ^ Insolvency ; Law. l^Banks and banking. See also Bank notes ; Bankers ; Building associations ; Credit ; Exchange ; Finance ; Interest ; Money ; Pawnbrokfag ; Savings-banks ; Stock exchange ; Stocks. Refer from Banking ; Bills of credit ; Bills of exchange ; Bimetallism ; Commerce ; Credit ; Economics ; Finance ; Invest- ments ; Money ; National banks ; Paper money ; Stock exchange ; Wealth. Banners. See Flags. Baptism. See also Baptismal fonts ; Bap- tisteries ; Baptists ; Close communion ; Regeneration ; Sacraments. Refer from Baptists ; Church antiquities ; Church membership ; Church polity ; Regeneration ; Rites and ceremonies ; Sacraments ; Theology. Baptismal fonts. Refer from Baptism ; Church furniture ; Fonts. Baptisteries. Refer from Architecture ; Baptism ; Church architecture. Baptists. See also Baptism ; Close com- munion. Refer from Anabaptists ; Baptism ; Close communion ; Congregationalism ; Sects. Bar. See Lawyers. Bards. See also Minnesingers ; Minstrels ; Troubadours ; Trouveres. Refer from Minstrels ; Poetry. Bark. Refer from Botany ; Trees. Barns. See also Stables. Refer from Agriculture ; Architecture ; Cat- tle ; Domestic animals ; Horse ; Stables. Barometer. See also Aneroid barometer. Refer from Air; Aneroid barometer; Meteorology ; Physics ; Surveying. Baronage. See Peerage. Baronetage. See Peerage. Barrows. See Mounds. ^ Baseball. ^ / Refer from Ball ; Games; Sports. Basilicas. See also Church architecture. Refer from Architecture; Church archi- tecture. 19 Bas-Behl LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Bas-relief. See also Carving ; Sculpture. Refer from Carving; Decoration and ornament ; Sculpture. Baths and bathing. See also Diving; Hydropathy; Swimming. Refer from Archaeology; Architecture; Cleanliness ; Hydropathy ; Hygiene ; Sea bathing ; Seashore ; Sports ; Swimming ; Therapeutics; Toilet; Water. Batrachia. Refer from Amphibia ; Reptiles ; Verte- brates ; Zoology. Batteries. See Artillery ; Electric batteries ; Storage batteries. Battle, wager of. See Wager of battle. Battles. See also Massacres ; Sieges ; also names of battles, countries, generals, wars, etc. Refer from History ; Military art and science ; Military history ; Naval history ; Sieges ; War. Bayonet. Refer from Arms and armor; Gun; Mili- tary art and science. Beaches. See also Seashore. Refer from Physical geography ; Sea- shore. Beacons. See also Lighthouses. Refer from Life-saving; Navigation. Beads. See also Rosary. Refer from Jewelry. Beasts. See Bestiaries ; Domestic animals ; Zoology. Beatitudes. See also Bible ; Sermon on the Mount. Refer from Bible ; Sermon on the Mount. Beautiful, the. See Esthetics. Beauty, personal. See also Cosmetics ; Costume. Refer from Woman. Beds. Refer from Furniture. Beer. See also Ale ; Brewing. Refer from Ale ; Brewing ; Liquors ; Malt ; Temperance. x/Bees. See also Wax. Refer from Agriculture ; Apiculture ; Honey; Insects. Beetles. Refer from Coleoptera; Insects. Begging. See also Charity ; Poor. Refer from Mendicity ; Poor. Behavior. See Etiquette. Bei-Bib] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Being. Refer from Ontology ; Philosophy. Belief. See also Certainty ; Creeds ; Faith ; Religions ; Sects ; Truth. Refer from Certainty ; Doubt; Faith ; In- tellect ; Philosophy ; Psychology ; Re- ligion ; Theology ; Truth. Belles-lettres. See Literature. Bells. See also Electric bells. Refer from Archaeology ; Chiming ; Church antiquities. Belting. Refer from Machinery. Benedictines. Refer from Monasticism. Benefit of clergy. Refer from Church law; Church polity; Clergy; Law. Benefit societies. See Friendly societies. Benevolence. See Charity ; Poor. Benevolent societies. See Charitable socie- ties. Bestiaries. Refer from Animals, legends and stories of; Beasts; Literature. Betting. See also Gambling ; Probabilities. Refer from Gambling ; Sports ; Wagers. Beverages. See also Coffee ; Food ; Liquors [and names of liquors] ; Milk ; Stimu- lants and narcotics ; Tea ; Temperance ; Water. Refer from Diet ; Drinks ; Food ; Manu- factures ; Stimulants and narcotics ; Temperance. Bezique. ^ Refer from Cards. Bible. See also Angels ; Apocryphal gos- pels ; Apostles ; Beatitudes ; Christianity ; Church history ; Commandments, ten ; Creation ; Deluge ; Fall of man ; God ; Jesus Christ ; Jews ; Lord's prayer ; Miracles ; Parables ; Patriarchs ; Prophe- cies ; Prophets ; Religion and science ; Revelation ; Saints ; Sermon on the Mount ; Talmud ; Theology. [See appendix for a scheme of subdivision of this heading.] Refer from Apocalypse ; Apocrypha ; Apostles ; Archaeology ; Beatitudes ; Christianity ; Church history ; Com- meptaries ; Concordance ; Creation ; Del- uge, the ; Evangelists ; Evidences of the Bible ; God ; Hermeneutics ; Jesus 21 Bib-BloJ LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Christ ; Jews ; Parables ; Prophecies ; Prophets ; Psalmody ; Religion ; Reve- lation ; Sacred history ; Scriptures ; Theology ; also from names of books and other divisions of the Bible. [It is better to enter all such here.] Bible classes. See also Sunday schools. Refer from Religious education ; Sunday schools. Bible in the schools. Refer from Education ; Public schools ; Religious education. Bible societies. / Refer from Societies. VBibliography. See also Anonyms ; Book collecting : Bookbinding ; Bookplates ; Books and reading ; Cataloging ; Classi- fication ; Indexes ; Indexing ; Libraries : Library catalogs ; Literature ; Manu- scripts ; Pseudonyms ; also, names of literatures as English, American, etc. ; also, names of persons, places, and sub- jects for lists of books relating to them. Refer from Authors ; Books and reading; Catalogs ; Libraries ; Library catalogs ; Literary history ; Literature. Bibliomania. See Book collecting. Bicycling. See Cycling. Bilious fever. See also Liver. Refer from Fever ; Liver. Billiards. Refer from Games. Bills of credit. See Banks and banking ; Credit ; Money ; Paper money. Bills of exchange. See Banks and banking ; Credit ; Exchange ; Money ; Paper money. Bimetallism. See also Banks ; Finance ; Free coinage ; Gold ; Money ; Silver. Refer from Finance ; Free coinage ; Gold ; Money ; Silver. Binding. See Bookbinding. %/Biography. See also Abolitionists ; Actors ; Actresses ; Admirals ; American loyalists ; Anecdotes ; Apothecaries ; Architects ; Artists ; Astronomers ; Authors ; Auto- graphs ; Bankers ; Bishops ; Booksellers ; Botanists ; Brigands ; Cardinals ; Chan- cellors ; Chief justices ; Christian biog- raphy ; Classical biography; Contemp- oraries ; Criminals ; Dramatists ; Elec- tricians ; Emperors ; Engineers ; En- gravers ; Epitaphs ; Explorers ; Fathers Bio-Bla] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS of the church ; Genealogy ; Generals ; Governors ; Heraldry ; Heroes ; Hist- orians ; History ; Judges ; Justices of the peace ; Kings ; Lawyers ; Librarians ; Mechanics ; Merchants ; Military biog- raphy ; Ministers ; Missionaries ; Musi- cians ; Naturalists ; Naval biography ; Orators ; Painters ; Patriarchs ; Peerage ; Philanthropists ; Philosophers ; Physi- cians ; Pilgrim fathers ; Poets ; Portraits ; Presidents ; Prime ministers ; Prophets ; Queens ; Reformers ; Saints ; Scientists ; Sculptors ; Shoemakers ; Singers ; Sol- diers ; Statesmen ; Surgeons ; Table-talk ; Teachers ; Travelers ; Woman. Refer from Genealogy ; History ; Lives ; / Memoirs. VBiology. See also Anatomy ; Botany ; Cells ; Death ; Embryology ; Evolution ; Hered- ity ; Hygiene ; Longevity ; Natural history ; Physiology ; Protoplasm ; Sex ; Species ; Zoology. Refer from Botany ; Cells ; Death ; Embry- ology ; Evolution ; Heredity ; Life ; Natural history ; Philosophy ; Physiology ; Proto- plasm ; Psychology ; Science ; Zoology. Bioplasm. See Protoplasm. l/Birds. See also Animal locomotion ; Cage birds ; Eggs ; Falconry ; Flight ; Game ; Nests ; Pigeons ; Poultry ; Taxidermy ; Wings. Refer from Animal locomotion ; Eggs ; Flight ; Nests ; Oology ; Ornithology ; Vertebrates ; Zoology. Birthday books. Refer from Birthdays ; Days. Birthdays. See also Birthday books. Refer from Days. Bishops. See also Apostolic succession ; Archbishops ; Episcopacy ; Ordination. Refer from Apostolic succession ; Arch- bishops ; Biography ; Catholic church ; Christian biography ; Church of Eng- land ; Episcopacy ; Protestant episcopal church in the U. S. Black art. See Witchcraft. Black death. Refer from Contagion ; Epidemics ; Medi- cine, practice of. Blacksmithing. See also Horseshoeing ; Ironwork. Refer from Arts, useful ; Horseshoeing ; Ironwork. 23 Bla-Boo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Blasting. See also Explosives ; Quarrying. Refer from Engineering ; Explosives ; Mines and mining ; Quarrying ; Stone ; Tunnels. Bleaching. See also Cleaning ; Dyeing. Refer from Cleaning ; Dyeing ; Textile fabrics. Bleeding. See Bloodletting. I/ Blind. See also Color-blindness. Refer from Education ; Eye ; Light ; Senses; Sight. Block-books. See also Printing. Refer from Books and reading ; Printing ; Xylography. Blockade. See also International law ; Neutrality. Refer from International law ; Naval art and science ; Neutrality. Blood. See also Arteries ; Bloodletting ; Heart ; Hemorrhage ; Veins. Refer from Arteries ; Circulation of the blood ; Heart ; Pathology ; Physiology. Bloodletting. See also Cupping. Refer from Bleeding ; Blood ; Cupping ; Surgery ; Therapeutics ; Venesection. Blowpipe. See also Assaying ; Chemistry ; Mineralogy. Refer front Analysis ; Assaying ; Chem- istry ; Metals ; Mineralogy. Blunders. Refer from Delusions ; Errors ; Mistakes. Boating. See also Canoeing ; Life-boats ; Navigation ; Rowing ; Sailing ; Yachting. Refer from Navigation ; Rowing ; Sailing ; Ship-building ; Ships ; Sports ; Yachting. Body, human. See Anatomy ; Physiology. Body and mind. See Mind and body. Boilers. See also Fuel ; Steam ; Steam- engine ; Steam navigation. Refer from Explosives ; Steam ; Steam- boilers ; Steam-engine. Bonds. See also Corporations ; Finance ; Investments ; Stocks. Refer from Corporations ; Finance ; Guar- anties and sureties ; Investments ; Ne- gotiable instruments ; Securities ; Stocks. Bones. See also Dislocation ; Fracture ; Joints ; Skull. Refer from Anatomy ; Osteology ; Skele- ton ; Surgery. Book clubs. Refer from Clubs ; Libraries. 24 Boo-Bot] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Book collecting. Refer from Bibliography; Bibliomania', Libraries. ^Book illustration. See also Arts, fine ; En- graving ; Illumination ; Photo-engraving, etc. Refer from Arts, fine ; Books and reading ; Decoration and ornament ; Engraving ; Illustration of books. Book of fate. See Fortune-tellers. V Bookbinding. See also Marbling. Refer from Arts, useful ; Bibliography ; Binding ; Books and reading ; Libraries. '/Bookkeeping. Refer from Accounts ; Arithmetic ; Busi- ness; Business education ; Commerce. Bookplates. Refer from Bibliography ; Ex libris. v Books and reading. See also Bibliography ; Block-books ; Book illustration ; Book- binding ; Cataloging ; Chained books ; Children's literature ; Classification ; Copyright ; Illumination ; Libraries ; Library catalogs ; Literature ; Manu- scripts ; Printing ; Prohibited books ; Text-books; Writing. Refer from Bibliography; Libraries; Literature ; Reading. Booksellers. Refer from Biography ; Publishers. Bookselling. See also Copyright ; Printing. Refer from Commerce ; Literature ; Pub- lishing. Boots. See Shoes. Boring. See also Artesian wells. Refer from Artesian wells ; Engineering ; Wells. Boroughs. See also Cities; Representation; Towns. Refer from Cities ; Local government ; Representation ; Towns. Botanical chemistry. Refer from Botany ; Chemistry. Botanical gardens. Refer from Botany ; Gardens. Botanical museums. Refer from Museums. Botanical societies. Refer from Societies. Botanists. y Refer from Biography ; Botany ; Scientists. y. Botany. See also Agricultural botany ; Agriculture; Algae; Alpine plants; 35 Bot-Bra] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Bacteria; Bark; Biology; Botanical; Botanists ; Buds ; Cells ; Climbing plants ; Color of flowers ; Cryptogams ; Evolu- tion ; Ferns ; Fertilization of plants ; Floriculture ; Flowers ; Forestry ; Fruit ; Fungi ; Gardening ; Geographical dis- tribution ; Grass ; Insectivorous plants ; Leaves; Lichens; Medical botany; Mi- croscope ; Mosses ; Natural history ; Or- chids ; Paleontology ; Parasites ; Phan- erogams ; Phosphorescence ; Seedlings ; Seeds ; Shrubs ; Trees ; Vegetables ; Weeds. Refer from Agriculture ; Biology ; Flora ; Flowers ; Gardening ; Natural history ; Phanerogams ; Plants ; Science ; Shrubs ; Trees ; Vegetables. Boulders. See also Glaciers ; Moraines. Refer from Erratics ; Geology ; Glaciers ; Moraines. Boundaries. See also Northeast boundary ; Northwest boundary ; also names of countries and states. Refer from Geography ; History. Bowling. Refer from Games ; Sports. Boxing. Refer from Fighting ; Pugilism ; Sparring ; s Sports. Boys. See also Apprentices ; Children ; Young men. Refer from Children ; Conduct of life ; Young men ; Young people. Bracelets. Refer from Costume ; Jewelry. Brahmanism. See also Buddhism ; Hinduism. Refer from Buddhism ; Hinduism ; Re- / ligions. VBrain. See also Apoplexy ; Dreams ; Idiocy ; Insanity; Intellect; Mind and body; Nervous system ; Paralysis ; Phrenology ; Psychology. Refer from Anatomy; Head; Insanity; Intellect ; Mental diseases ; Mind and body ; Nervous system ; Philosophy ; Physiology ; Psychology ; Skull. Brandy. See also Distillation. Refer from Distillation ; Liquors. Brass. See also Brasses ; Bronze. Refer from Metals. Brasses. Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; 26 Bra-Bro] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Brass ; Epitaphs ; Metal-work ; Monu- ments ; Tombs. Bread. See also Cookery ; Flour. Refer from Baking ; Cookery ; Food. Breadstuff's. See Grain. Breakwaters. Refer from Engineering ; Harbors. Breast. Refer from Anatomy ; Chest. Breathing. See also Asthma ; Bronchitis ; Catarrh ; Chest ; Consumption ; Croup ; Influenza ; Lungs ; Nose ; Throat ; Voice. Refer from Lungs ; Physiology ; Respi- ration ; Throat. Breeding. See Domestic animals. Brewing. See also Beer ; Distillation. Refer from Alcohol ; Ale ; Arts, useful ; Beer ; Distillation ; Domestic economy ; Liquors ; Malt. Bric-a-brac. See also Decoration ; Pottery. Refer from Arts, fine ; Decoration and ornament ; House decoration ; Pottery. Bricks. See also Masonry ; Tiles. Refer from Arts, useful ; Building mater- ials ; Manufactures ; Masonry ; Tiles. Bridges. See also Arches ; Cables ; Girders ; Masonry ; Strength of materials ; Trusses. Refer from Architecture ; Arts, useful ; En- gineering ; Girders ; Masonry ; Military engineering ; Railroads ; Strength of materials ; Trusses ; Viaducts. Brigands. See also Highwaymen ; Robbers. Refer from Banditti ; Biography ; Crime ; Highwaymen ; Robbers. Brokers. See Agents ; Stock exchange. Bronchitis. See also Throat. Refer from Breathing ; Cold (disease) ; Cough ; Medicine, practice of; Throat. Bronze. Refer from Brass ; Metals. Bronze age. Refer from Archaeology. Bronzes. Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; Metal-work ; Sculpture. Bronzing. Refer from Decoration and ornament. Brotherhoods. See also Monasticism. Refer from Charities ; Church polity ; Monasticism ; Religious orders. Brownists. See also Congregationalism. Refer from Congregationalism ; Dissen- ters; Sects. 27 Bru-Bur] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Bruises. Refer from Accidents ; Contusions. Brutes. See Animals, treatment of; Zoology. Bryology. See Mosses. Buccaneers. See also Pirates. Refer from Filibusters; Naval history; Pirates. Bucolic poetry. See Pastoral poetry. Buddha. See Buddhism. Buddhism. See also Brahmanism ; Hindu- ism. Refer from Brahmanism ; Buddha ; Hindu- ism ; Monasticism ; Religions. Buddhism, esoteric. See Theosophy. Buds. Refer from Botany ; Flowers. ^Building. See Architecture; Carpentry; Engineering ; Masonry. Building associations. Refer from Architecture ; Banks ; Friendly societies ; Cooperation ; Cooperative building associations ; Investments ; Loan associations ; Savings-banks. Building materials. See also Bricks ; Cement ; Iron ; Stone ; Strength of materials ; Terra-cotta; Timber; Wood. Refer from Architecture ; Engineering ; Strength of materials. Bulbs. Refer from Floriculture. Bull fights. Refer from Fighting ; Sports. Bullion. See Money. Burglary. Refer from Criminal law.. Burial. See also Burial service ; Catacombs ; Cemeteries ; Coffins ; Cremation ; Em- balming ; Epitaphs ; Funerals ; Monu- ments ; Mounds ; Mummies ; Tombs ; Urns. Refer from Archaeology ; Burying grounds ; Cemeteries ; Death ; Funerals ; Hygiene, public; Interment; Manners and customs ; Sculpture ; Tombs. Burial service. Refer from Burial ; Church Music ; Funerals ; Liturgies ; Rites and cere- monies. Burning the dead. See Cremation. Burns and scalds. Refer from Accidents ; Scalds. Burying grounds. See Burial ; Cemeteries. 28 Bus-Cam] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Business. See also Advertising; Auctions; Bookkeeping ; Commerce ; Commercial law ; Commercial travelers ; Credit ; Economics ; Exchange ; Finance ; Man- ufactures ; Merchants ; Money ; Stock exchange ; Success. Refer from Arts, useful ; Commerce ; Merchants ; Money ; Success ; Trade ; Wealth. Business education. See also Bookkeeping ; Commercial correspondence. Refer from Commercial education ; Educa- tion. Butter. Refer from Agriculture ; Cattle ; Cow ; Dairy ; Food ; Milk. VButterflies. See also Caterpillars ; Lepidop- tera. Refer from Insects ; Lepidoptera. ^ Cabinet work. See also Decoration and orna- ment ; Furniture ; Turning. Refer from Arts, useful ; Carpentry ; Dec- oration and ornament ; Furniture ; Wood- work. Cables. See also Chains ; Electric wires ; Rope ; Telegraph ; Wire. Refer from Bridges ; Manufactures ; Rope ; Wire. Cage birds. Refer from Birds ; Domestic animals. Calculating machines. Refer from Arithmetical instruments ; Mathematical instruments ; Mathematics. Calculus (mathematics). Refer from Analysis, mathematical ; Flux- ions ; Mathematics. Calendar. See also Chronology ; Year. Refer from Chronology ; Time ; Year. Calendars [containing readings for every day] . See also Almanacs ; Year-books. Refer from Year-books. Calico-printing. Refer from Arts, useful; Dyeing; Print- ing ; Textile fabrics. Calisthenics. See Gymnastics. Caloric. See Heat. Calvinism. See also Antinomianism ; Con- gregationalism ; Orthodoxy ; Predestina- tion ; Presbyterianism. Refer from Orthodoxy; Predestination; Presbyterianism ; Theology. Cambistry. See Exchange ; Weights and measures. Cam-Car] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS ^Cameos. See also Gems. Refer from Carving (wood, etc.); Gems; Jewelry. Camera. See also Photography. Refer from Photography. Camp-meetings. Refer from Revivals. Camping. See also Tents. Refer from Amusements ; Country life ; Outdoor life; Sports; Tents. Camps (military). Refer from Military art and science. Canals. See also Aqueducts ; Hydraulic en- gineering ; Irrigation. Refer from Commerce ; Engineering ; Hy- draulic engineering; Inland navigation; Irrigation ; Locomotion ; Navigation ; Transportation ; Water-supply. Cancer. Refer from Medicine, practice of; Tumors. Candles. Refer from Lighting ; Manufactures. Candlesticks. Refer from Furniture ; House decoration. Candy. See Confectionery. Cannibalism. Refer from Animal food ; Ethnology ; Food ; Man ; Manners and customs. Cannon. See Ordnance. Canoeing. Refer from Boating ; Locomotion ; Navi- gation; Sailing; Sports. Canon law. See Church law. Canonization. See also Saints. Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- tory ; Rites and ceremonies ; Saints. Cantatas. Refer from Music ; Oratorio. Caoutchouc. See India-rubber. ^/Capital. See also Interest; Labor; Money; Monopolies ; Strikes and lockouts ; Trusts. Refer from Commerce ; Economics ; Labor ; x Money ; Monopolies ; Trusts ; Wealth. ^Capital punishment. See also Guillotine ; Hanging. Refer from Crime ; Criminal law ; Death penalty ; Ethics ; Hanging ; Punishment. Capuchins. See also Franciscans. Refer from Franciscans ; Monasticism. Cardinals. Refer from Biography ; Catholic church ; Christian biography ; Church polity. 30 Car-Cas] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Cards. See also Bezique ; Cribbage ; Euchre ; Fortune-telling ; Gambling ; Patience ; Whist. Refer from Amusements ; Gambling ; Games ; Playing-cards. Caricature. See also Satire ; Wit and humor. Refer from Arts, fine ; Drawing ; Satire ; Wit and humor. Carols. See also Ballads ; Songs. Refer from Christmas ; Church music ; Easter ; Music ; Songs. * Carpentry. See also Architecture ; Cabinet work ; Cars ; Carving ; Floors ; Hand- railing ; Stair-building ; Tools ; Turning ; Woodwork. Refer from Architecture ; Arts, useful ; Building ; Joinery ; Manual training ; Stair-building; Tools; Woodwork. Carpets. See also House decoration ; Sweep- ing ; Weaving. Refer from Floors ; House decoration ; Textile fabrics ; Weaving. Carriage painting. See also Painting, me- chanical. Refer from Painting, mechanical. Carriages. See also Ambulances ; Chariots ; Coaching ; Wheels. Refer from Coaches ; Locomotion ; Manu- factures ; Stage-coaches ; Transportation'; Vehicles ; Wagons ; Wheels. Carriers. See also Commerce ; Navigation ; Railroads. Refer from Commercial law ; Common carriers ; Law. Cars. Refer from Carpentry ; Manufactures ; Rail- roads ; Vehicles. Cartesian philosophy. See Descartes, R. Carthusians. Refer from Monasticism. Cartography. See Maps. Carving (meat, etc.). See also Cookery. Refer from Cookery ; Dining ; Domestic economy ; Table, the. Carving (wood, etc.). See also Bas-relief; Cameos ; Ivory ; Sculpture ; Turning ; Wood-carving. Refer from Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Bas- relief; Carpentry; Decoration and orna- ment ; Sculpture ; Wood-carving. Cases of conscience. See Conscience. Cas-Cat] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Caste. Refer from Manners and customs ; Soci- ology. V/Casting. See also Pattern-making. Refer from Arts, useful ; Founding ; Iron ; Metals; Molding; Moulding; Steel. Castles. See also Military architecture. Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Chateaux ; Middle ages ; Military archi- tecture. Casuistry. See Conscience. Cat. Refer from Domestic animals ; Mammals. Catacombs. Refer from Archaeology ; Burial ; Caves ; Cemeteries ; Christian art and symbol- ism ; Church antiquities ; Church history ; Tombs. Cataloging. See also Classification ; Index- ing; Libraries. Refer from Bibliography ; Books and read- ing ; Classification ; Indexing ; Libraries ; Library catalogs. Catalogs. See also Bibliography ; Library catalogs ; also other subjects of which catalogs are made. Cataracts. See Waterfalls. Catarrh. See also Cold ; Hay-fever. Refer from Breathing ; Cold (disease) ; Medicine, practice of; Nose. Catechisms. See also Creeds ; Names of churches. Refer from Creeds ; Theology. Caterpillars. Refer from Agricultural pests ; Butterflies ; Insects ; Lepidoptera ; Moths. Cathedrals. See also Church architecture. Refer from Abbeys ; Architecture ; Chris- tian art and symbolism ; Church archi- tecture ; Church history ; Church of England ; Gothic architecture. Cathode rays. See X rays. Catholic church. See also Abbeys ; Arch- bishops ; Bishops ; Canonization ; Cardi- nals ; Celibacy ; Christianity ; Church and state ; Church history ; Church law ; Church music ; Confession ; Convents ; Councils ; Episcopacy ; Excommunica- tion ; Fasts and feasts ; Fathers of the church ; Greek church ; Immaculate conception; Indulgences; Infallibility; Inquisition ; Jansenists ; Jesuits ; Lent ; Liturgies ; Mary, virgin ; Mass ; Miracles ; 32 Cat-Cem] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Missals; Missions; Monasteries; Mon- asticism ; Nunneries ; Oxford movement ; Penance ; Persecution ; Pilgrimage ; Popes ; Priests ; Protestantism ; Purga- tory ; Reformation; Religious liberty; Rosary ; Saints ; Sisterhoods ; Transub- stantiation ; Ultramontanism ; Vatican council. Refer from Christianity ; Church and state ; Church history ; Church law ; Church of England ; Emancipation ; Episcopacy ; Infallibility ; Papacy ; Popes ; Priests ; Protestantism ; Reformation ; Ritualism ; Roman Catholic church ; Romanism ; Sects ; Ultramontanism ; Vatican. Cattle. See also Barns ; Butter ; Cheese ; Cow ; Dairy ; Domestic animals ; Milk ; Ox ; Veterinary medicine. Refer from Agriculture ; Cow ; Dairy ; Domestic animals ; Live stock ; Ox ; Stock breeding ; Veterinary medicine. Caucus. See also Election (in politics). Refer from Election (in politics) ; Politi- cal science. Cavalry. See also Horse ; Military art and science. Refer from Military art and science ; Tac- tics. A Caves. See also Catacombs. Refer from Archaeology ; Grottoes ; Physi- cal geography. Celibacy. Refer from Catholic church ; Chastity ; Church history ; Church polity ; Clergy ; Ethics ; Marriage ; Monasticism ; Priests ; Theology ; Woman. Cell, voltaic. See also Electric batteries. Refer from Electric batteries ; Electricity ; Voltaic cell. Cells. See also Biology ; Embryology ; Histology; Protoplasm. Refer from Biology ; Botany ; Embry- ology ; Histology ; Protoplasm ; Zoology. Cement. See also Concrete ; Glue. Refer from Building materials ; Concrete ; Limes ; Masonry ; Mortar. Cemeteries. See also Burial ; Catacombs ; Epitaphs ; Landscape gardening ; Tombs. Refer from Archaeology ; Burial ; Bury- ing grounds ; Churchyards ; Graveyards ; Landscape gardening ; Tombs. 33 Cen-Cha] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Censorship of the press. See Liberty of the press ; Prohibited books. Census. See also Statistics ; also names of cities, countries, states, etc. Refer from Population ; Statistics ; Vital statistics. Ceramics. See Pottery. Cereals. See Grain. Ceremonies. See Etiquette ; Manners and customs ; Rites and ceremonies. Certainty. See also Belief ; Faith; Truth. Refer from Belief; Evidence; Faith; In- tellect ; Logic ; Philosophy ; Theology ; Truth. Chained books. Refer from Books and reading. Chains. Refer from Cables ; Manufactures. Chairs. Refer from Furniture. Chance. See also Probabilities. Refer from Philosophy. Chancellors, lord. Refer from Biography ; Lawyers ; Minis- ters (of state). Chancery. See also Equity. Refer from Courts ; Equity; Law. Chanting. See also Singing. Refer from Church music ; Music ; Singing. Chants. See also Anthems ; Church music ; Hymns. Refer from Anthems ; Church music ; Music. Chap-books. See also Ballads. Refer from Ballads ; Literature. Chapels. See also Church architecture. Refer from Church architecture. vCharacter. See also Christian life ; Conduct of life ; Ethics ; Phrenology ; Physiog- nomy ; Temperament. Refer from Conduct of life ; Ethics ; Psychology. Charades. See also Amateur theatricals ; Riddles. Refer from Amateur theatricals ; Amuse- ments ; Drama ; Puzzles ; Riddles. Charcoal drawing. Refer from Drawing. Chariots. Refer from Archaeology ; Carriages ; Mil- itary art and science ; Vehicles. Charitable societies. Refer from Benevolent societies ; Charities. 34 Cha-Che] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Charities. See also Almshouses ; Asylums ; Brotherhoods ; Charitable societies ; Hospitals ; Poor ; Sisterhoods ; Social settlements. Refer from Almshouses ; Charity ; Eco- nomics ; Philanthropy ; Poor ; Public ' institutions ; Reform ; Sociology. Charity. See also Charities ; Love. Refer from Almsgiving; Begging; Be- nevolence ; Ethics ; Love ; Philanthropy. Charity schools. See also Ragged schools. Refer from Education ; Schools. Charms. See also Amulets ; Witchcraft. Refer from Superstition ; Talismans ; Witchcraft. Charts. See Maps. Chase, the. See Hunting. Chastity. See also Celibacy. Refer from Ethics ; Marriage ; Virtue ; Woman. Chateaux. See Castles. Chattels. See Property. Checkers. Refer from Draughts ; Games. Cheese. See also Dairy. Refer from Agriculture ; Cattle ; Cow ; Dairy ; Milk. Cheirosophy. See Palmistry. . . \ /Chemistry. See also Acids ; Adulterations ; S w b '. 1 -n v ^ A. n i c( C- n e-wi v % Agricultural chemistry; Air; Alchemy; Alcohol ; Alkalies ; Aniline colors ; Arts, useful ; Assaying ; Atoms ; Blowpipe ; Botanical chemistry ; Color ; Combus- tion ; Cookery ; Crystallography ; Dis- tillation ; Dyeing ; Electrochemistry ; Evaporation ; Explosives ; Fermenta- tion ; Fire ; Gas ; Gases i^Iedical chem- istry ; Metals ; Mineralogy ; Molecules ; Paint ; Perfumery ; Pharmacy ; Phos- phates ; Photography ; Physics ; Poi- sons ; Receipts ; Spectrum. Refer from Ajchemy ; Analysis ; Arts, useful ; Atoms ; Blowpipe ; Experi- ments ; Metals ; Molecules ; Natural history ; Physics ; Qualitative analysis ; Quantitative analysis ; Science. Chess. Refer from Games. Chest. See also Breast ; Consumption ; Heart ; Lungs ; Pneumonia. Refer from Breathing. 35 Chi-Chl] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Chicken-pox. Refer from Children, Diseases', Medicine, practice of; Skin. Chickens. See Poultry. Chief justices. See also Judges. Refer from Biography; Judges; Lawyers, v Child study. See also Kindergarten; Psy- chology. Refer from Education; Kindergarten; / Psychology; Teaching. Children. See also Adoption ; Boys ; Chil- dren's crusade ; Children's literature ; Consolation ; Education ; Family ; Found- lings ; Girls ; Heredity ; Kindergarten ; Labor ; Mothers ; Orphans ; Parents ; Reformatories ; Sunday schools ; Twins. Refer from Boys ; Domestic education ; Education ; Ethics ; Family ; Girls ; Home ; Infants ; Kindergarten ; Labor ; Mothers ; Parents ; Sociology ; Woman ; Young people. Children, Diseases. See also Chicken-pox; Cholera infantum ; Croup ; Scarlatina ; Scarlet fever. Refer from Hygiene ; Medicine, practice of. Children's crusade, 1212. Refer from Children ; Crusades, ^^hildren's literature. Refer from Books and reading ; Children ; Juvenile literature ; Literature ; Stories. Children's poetry. Refer from Poetry. Chiming. See Bells. Chimney sweeping. Refer from Sweeping. Chimneys. See also Heating ; Ventilation. Refer from Architecture ; Fires ; Heating ; Ventilation. China. See Pottery. China painting. See also Pottery. Refer from Decoration and ornament; Painting ; Pottery. Chiromancy. See Palmistry. Chivalry. See also Crusades; Feudalism; Heraldry; Malta, knights of; Middle ages ; Templars ; Tournaments. Refer from Crusades ; Feudalism ; Her- aldry ; Knight-errantry ; Knighthood ; Middle ages ; Orders of knighthood ; Religious orders ; Templars ; Tourna- ments. Chloroform. See also Anesthetics. Refer from Anesthetics. I/C <&M j Cho-Chr] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Cholera, Asiatic. Refer from Contagion ; Epidemics ; Medi- cine, practice of. Cholera infantum. Refer from Children, Diseases. Cholera morbus. Refer from Medicine, practice of. Christ. See Jesus Christ. Christendom. See Christianity; Church history ; History. Christian. See also Church ; Religions. Refer from Ecclesiastical ; Theology. Christian antiquities. See Church antiqui- ties. Christian art and symbolism. See also Arts, fine ; Catacombs ; Cathedrals ; Church architecture ; Church furniture ; Church vestments ; Cross ; Rites and ceremonies ; Saints. Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Arts, fine ; Christian symbolism ; Church antiquities ; Church architecture ; Eccle- siastical art ; Emblems ; Iconography ; Jesus Christ ; Mary, virgin ; Religious art ; Sacred art ; Saints ; Symbolism. Christian biography. See also Apostles ; Apostolic fathers ; Archbishops ; Bish- ops ; Cardinals ; Fathers of the church ; Hermits ; Martyrs ; Ministers ; Mission- aries ; Monasticism ; Nonconformists ; Pilgrim fathers ; Popes ; Preachers ; Puritans ; Reformers ; Saints. Refer from Archbishops ; Biography ; Church biography ; Church history ; Church of England ; Ecclesiastical biography ; Martyrs ; Ministers (of the gospel) ; Religion ; Religious biography. Christian character. See Christian life. Christian doctrine. See Theology. Christian education. See Religious edu- cation. Christian life. See also Conduct of life ; Con- version ; Devotional exercises ; Faith ; Monasticism ; Prayer ; Religious educa- tion ; Revivals. Refer from Christian character; Conduct of life ; Conversion ; Ethics ; Life ; Relig- ion. Christian science. Refer from Faith-cure ; Mind-cure ; Thera- peutics. Christian symbolism. See Christian art. 37 H41722 Chr-Chu] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Christian union. Refer from Church polity ; Church unity ; Sects ; Theology. Christianity. See also Bible; Catholic church ; Church history ; God ; Miracles ; Missions ; Protestantism ; Religion ; Sects; Theology; also headings begin- ning with Christian and Church, and the references under all the above. Refer from Apologetics ; Bible ; Catholic church ; Christendom ; Church history ; Deism ; Evidences of Christianity ; Jesus Christ ; Natural religion ; Philosophy ; Religion ; Religions ; Revelation ; Soci- / ology ; Theism ; Theology. ^ Christmas. See also Carols ; Church deco- ration and ornament. Refer from Fasts and feasts ; Holidays ; Jesus Christ. Chromatics. See Color. Chromblithography. See also Color ; Lithog- raphy. Refer from Color ; Lithography. Chronology. See also Calendar ; History ; Time ; Year ; also names of countries and periods. Refer from Almanacs ; Annals ; Astron- omy ; Calendar ; Dates ; History ; Time ; Year. Church, the. See also Church architecture; Church history ; Church polity ; etc. Refer from Christian ; Ecclesiastical ; Theology. Church and state. See also Catholic church ; Church history ; Church of England ; Church polity; Disestablishment; Lib- erty of conscience. Refer from Catholic church; Church his- tory ; Church of England ; Church polity ; Disestablishment ; Political science ; Religious liberty ; State church. Church antiquities. See also Baptism ; Bells ; Catacombs ; Christian art and symbol- ism ; Church architecture ; Church furni- ture ; Church vestments ; Fasts and feasts ; Funerals ; Lord's supper ; Marriage ; Relics ; Rites and ceremonies ; Shrines. Refer from Archaeology ; Christian an- tiquities ; Church ceremonies ; Church history ; Church polity ; Ecclesiastical antiquities ; Rites and ceremonies. Church architecture. See also Abbeys ; Bap- tisteries ; Basilicas ; Cathedrals ; Chapels ; 38 Chu-Chu] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Christian art and symbolism ; Crypts ; Gothic architecture ; Spires ; Temples ; Towers. Refer from Architecture ; Basilicas ; Cathe- drals ; Chapels ; Christian art and sym- bolism ; Church ; Church antiquities ; Churches ; Ecclesiastical architecture ; Gothic architecture ; Religious art. Church benefices. See Church property. Church biography. See Christian biography. Church ceremonies. See Church antiquities ; Fasts and feasts ; Rites and ceremonies. Church costume. See Church vestments. Church councils. See Councils. Church decoration and ornament. See also Floral decoration. Refer from Christmas ; Decoration and ornament; Floral decoration. Church dedication. Refer from Church polity ; Churches ; Consecration ; Dedication of churches ; Rites and ceremonies. Church fathers. &f Fathers of the church. Church festivals. See Fasts and feasts. Church furniture. See also Altars ; Bap- tismal fonts ; Pulpits ; Shrines. Refer from Christian art and symbolism ; Church antiquities ; Decoration and ornament ; Ecclesiastical furniture ; Furniture. Church government. See Church polity. Church history. See also Abbeys ; Albi- genses ; Apostles ; Apostolic fathers ; Apostolic succession ; Arianism ; Bible ; Canonization ; Catacombs ; Cathedrals ; Catholic church ; Celibacy ; Christian biography ; Christianity ; Church and state ; Church antiquities ; Church law ; Church polity ; Confession ; Convents ; Councils ; Covenanters ; Creeds ; Cru- sades ; Dissenters ; Eastern churches ; Episcopacy ; Fathers of the church ; Greek church ; Heresy ; Huguenots ; Inquisition ; Jansenists ; Jesuits ; Jews ; Martyrs ; Middle ages ; Miracles ; Mis- sions ; Monasticism ; Nunneries ; Perse- cution ; Popes ; Protestantism ; Reforma- tion ; Religious liberty ; Revivals ; Sects ; Sisterhoods ; Theology [for history of doctrines] ; Waldenses ; Witchcraft ; also the names of churches, councils, countries, orders, sects, etc. Refer from Apostolic church ; Bible ; 39 Chu-Chu] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Catholic church ; Christendom ; Christi- anity ; Church ; Church and state ; Church law ; Church of England ; Church polity ; Councils ; Ecclesiastical history ; Greek church ; History ; History, modern ; Ref- ormation ; Religion ; Religious history ; Sacred history ; Theology. Church law. See also Apostolic constitu- tions ; Benefit of clergy ; Catholic church ; Church history ; Church of England ; Church polity ; Councils ; Divorce ; Mar- riage ; Tithes ; also the names of churches. Refer from Canon law ; Catholic Church ; Church of England ; Church polity ; Ecclesiastical law ; Law. Church membership. See also Baptism; Church polity ; Close communion ; Con- firmation ; Creeds ; Lord's supper. Refer from Church polity ; Confirmation ; Lord's supper. Church music. See also Anthems ; Burial service ; Carols ; Chanting ; Chants ; Hymns ; Masses ; Oratorio ; Organ. Refer from Anthems ; Catholic church ; Chants ; Devotional exercises ; Hymns ; Music ; Organ ; Psalmody ; Sacred music ; Songs ; Vocal music ; Worship. Church of England. See also Apostles' creed ; Apostolic succession ; Arch- bishops ; Athanasian creed ; Bishops ; Cathedrals ; Catholic church ; Christian biography ; Church and state ; Church history ; Church law ; Church polity ; Church property ; Church rates ; Clergy ; Confession ; Confirmation ; Creeds ; Dis- establishment ; Dissenters ; Episcopacy ; Fasts and feasts ; Martyrs ; Nicene creed ; Nonconformists ; Nonjurors ; Oxford movement ; Priests ; Protestant episcopal church; Puritans; Ritualism; Sacraments ; Sisterhoods ; Tithes. Refer from Articles, thirty-nine ; Church and state ; Church law ; Disestablish- ment; Dissenters; England, church of; Episcopacy ; Episcopal church ; Noncon- formists ; Protestant episcopal church in the U. S. ; Puritans; Ritualism; Sects; Thirty-nine articles. Church of Scotland. See also Covenanters ; Presbyterianism ; Reformation. Refer from Covenanters ; Presbyterianism. Church polity. See also Absolution ; Apos- 40 Chu-Cir] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS tolic succession ; Asceticism ; Baptism ; Benefit of clergy ; Brotherhoods ; Cardi- nals ; Celibacy ; Christian union ; Church and state ; Church antiquities ; Church dedication ; Church history ; Church law ; Church membership ; Church property ; Church rates ; Clergy ; Confession ; Con- firmation ; Congregationalism ; Councils ; Deaconesses ; Deacons ; Disestablish- ment ; Episcopacy ; Excommunication ; Fasts and feasts ; Free churches ; In- dulgences ; Lord's supper ; Methodism ; Ministers ; Monasticism ; Ordination ; Penance ; Popes ; Preaching ; Presby- terianism ; Priests ; Religious liberty ; Rites and ceremonies ; Ritualism ; Sac- raments ; Sisterhoods ; Tithes ; Worship. Refer from Church ; Church and state ; Church government ; Church history ; Church law ; Church membership ; Church of England ; Congregationalism ; Ecclesiastical polity ; Protestant epis- copal church in the U. S. ; Religion; Theology. Church property. Refer from Church beneficies ; Church of England ; Church polity ; Property. Church rates. See also Tithes. Refer from Church of England ; Church polity ; Dissenters ; Tithes. Church services. See Liturgies ; also names of churches and sects. Church unity. See Christian union. Church vestments. See also Costume. Refer from Christian art and symbolism ; Church antiquities ; Church costume ; Costume ; Ecclesiastical costume ; Re- galia ; Vestments. Churches. . See Church architecture ; Church dedication ; Free churches. Churchyards. See Cemeteries. Cipher. Refer from Abbreviations ; Cryptography ; Secret writing ; Sign language ; Writ- ing. Circle. Refer from Curves ; Geometry. Circulation of the blood. See Blood. Circumcision. Refer from. Jews. Circumnavigation. See Voyages around the world. Circumstantial evidence. See Evidence. 41 Cir-Cla] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Circus. Refer from Amusements; Hippodrome. Cistercians. Refer from Monasticism. Cities. See also Boroughs ; Markets ; Munic- ipal government ; Towns. Refer from Boroughs ; Local govern- ment ; Municipal government ; Soci- ology ; Towns. Citizenship. See also Allegiance; Civil rights; Naturalization; Patriotism. Refer from Aliens ; Allegiance ; Election (in politics) ; International law; Natural- /) ization ; Political science ; Suffrage. Civil engineering. See Engineering; Sur- veying. Civil government. See Political science. Civil law. See also Law, and the references under that subject. Refer from Law ; Roman law. Civil liberty. See Liberty. Civil rights. Refer from Citizenship ; Law ; Political science. Civil service. See also Examinations. Refer from Competitive examinations ; Examinations ; Office, tenure of; Politi- cal science ; Reform ; Spoils system. Civil war. See U. S., History, Civil war ; also names of other countries in which civil wars have taken place. Civilization. See also Archaeology ; Culture ; Education ; Ethics ; History ; Man ; Sociology. Refer from Anthropology ; Archaeology ; Culture ; Ethics ; History ; History, philosophy of; Man; Political science; Progress ; Social science ; Sociology. Clairvoyance. See also Animal magnetism; Mind-reading. Refer from Animal magnetism ; Divina- tion ; Fortune-telling ; Mind-reading ; Second sight ; Spiritualism. Classical antiquities. See also Archaeology ; Classical dictionaries ; Greece ; Mythol- ogy ; Rome. Refer from Archaeology. Classical biography. See also Greece ; Rome. Refer from Biography. Classical dictionaries. See also Greece ; Rome. Refer from Classical antiquities ; Diction- aries ; Mythology. 43 Cla-Clo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Classical education. See also Colleges. Refer from Colleges and universities; Education ; Language. Classical geography. See Geography, ancient. Classical literature. See also Greek litera- ture ; Latin literature. Refer from Literature. Classification. See also Cataloging; Libraries. Refer from Bibliography ; Books and reading ; Cataloging ; Libraries ; Natural history. Cleaning. See also Bleaching ; Dyeing ; Soap ; Street cleaning ; Sweeping. Refer from Bleaching ; Dyeing ; Scouring. Cleanliness. See also Baths and bathing ; Disinfection. Refer from Domestic economy ; Hygiene. Clergy. See also Benefit of clergy ; Celibacy ; Curates ; Deacons ; Ministers ; Ordi- nation ; Preachers ; Preaching ; Priests. Refer from Church of England ; Church polity ; Ministers (of the gospel) ; Pastors ; Preachers ; Priests ; Rectors ; Theology. Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Indians of North America ; Pueblos. Climate. See also Meteorology ; Tempera- ture ; Weather. Refer from Ethnology ; Hygiene ; Mete- orology ; Physical geography ; Tem- perature ; Weather. Climbing plants. Refer from Botany ; Vines. Clinical medicine. See also Diagnosis ; Pathology. Refer from Medicine, practice of. Clocks and watches. See also Pendulum ; Timekeepers. Refer from Horology ; Manufactures ; Timekeepers ; Watches. Close communion. See also Baptists ; Lord's supper. Refer from Baptism ; Baptists ; Church membership ; Communion ; Lord's supper. Cloth. See Textile fabrics. Clothing. See also Costume ; Dressmaking ; Textile fabrics. Refer from Costume ; Dress ; Dry Goods ; Manufactures ; Textile fabrics. 43 Clo-Col] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Clouds. See also Meteorology. Refer from Meteorology. Clubs. See also Book clubs ; Societies. Refer from Corporations ; Societies ; Sociology. Coaches. See Carriages ; Coaching. Coaching. See also Driving. Refer from Amusements; Carriages; Coaches ; Driving ; Horsemanship ; Locomotion ; Riding ; Stage-coaches ; Vehicles. Coal. See also Aniline colors ; Coal gas ; Mines and mining. Refer from Fuel ; Geology ; Mineralogy ; Mines and mining. Coal gas. See also Gas. Refer from Coal ; Gas. Coal-tar colors. See Aniline colors. Coast pilots. Rejer from Navigation. Coast survey. See U. S., Coast Survey, Coats of arms. See Heraldry. Coeducation. See Woman, Education. Coffee". Refer from Agriculture ; Beverages ; Cookery ; Stimulants and narcotics. Coffins. Refer from Archaeology ; Burial. Cog-wheels. See Gearing. /Coinage. See Free coinage ; Money. Coins and medals. See also Money. Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; Gold ; History ; Medals ; Money ; Numis- matics ; Silver. Cold. See also Frost ; Heat. Refer from Heat ; Meteorology ; Tem- perature. Cold (disease) . See also Bronchitis ; Catarrh. Refer from Catarrh ; Medicine, practice of. Coleoptera. See Beetles. Collecting. See also article collected. Collectivism. See Socialism. College settlements. See Social settlements. Colleges and universities. See also Agricult- ural colleges ; Classical education ; Educa- tion ; Medical education ; Students ; Uni- versity extension ; Woman, Education. Refer from Classical education ; Educa- tion ; Schools ; Students ; Universities. Collisions. See also Shipwrecks. Refer from Accidents ; Navigation ; Shipr wrecks. 44 Col-Corn] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Colonies. See also names of colonies and names of countries having colonies. Refer from Colonization ; Immigration ; Political science ; Sociology. Colonization. See Colonies ; also African colonization. Color. See also Aniline colors ; Chromo- lithography ; Dyeing; Light; Painting. Refer from Chemistry ; Chromatics ; Chromolithography ; Dyeing ; Light ; Paint ; Painting ; Painting, mechanical ; Pigments. Color-blindness. Refer from Blind ; Eye ; Light ; Sight. Color of animals. Refer from Animal coloration ; Evolution ; Zoology. Color of flowers. See also Fertilization of plants. Refer from Botany ; Evolution ; Fertili- zation of plants ; Flowers. Color of man. Refer from Complexion ; Ethnology ; Face ; Man ; Negroes ; Physiology ; Skin. Color-sense. Refer from Psychology ; Senses ; Vision. Colored people. See Freedmen ; Negroes ; Slavery. ChUvvvUM^c Columns. "7 J Refer from Architecture. Combat, trial by. See Wager of battle. Combustion. See also Fire ; Smoke. Refer from Chemistry ; Fire ; Heat. Comedy. See Drama. Comets. Refer from Astronomy. Comic literature. See Satire ; Wit and humor. Commandments, ten. Refer from Bible ; Decalogue ; Ethics ; Ten commandments. Commentaries. See Bible, or other subject commented on. /Commerce. See also Adulterations ; Adver- tising ; Auctions ; Bankruptcy ; Banks ; Bookkeeping ; Bookselling ; Business ; Canals ; Capital ; Commercial corres- pondence ; Commercial law ; Commer- cial travelers ; Competition ; Contracts ; Cooperation ; Corporations ; Credit ; Docks ; Dry-goods ; Economics ; Embar- go laws ; Exchange ; Exportation ; Fairs ; Finance ; Grangers ; Groceries ; Har- 45 Corn-Corn] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS bors ; Hardware ; Inland navigation ; In- surance ; Interest ; Loans ; Manufactures ; Markets ; Merchants ; Money ; Monopo- lies ; Navigation ; Panics ; Partnership ; Pawn-broking ; Prices ; Profit-sharing ; Railroads ; Signboards ; Smuggling ; Speculation ; Stationery ; Statistics ; Steam navigation ; Stocks ; Tariff; Trade-marks ; Trade-unions ; Transpor- tation ; Trusts. Refer from Arts, useful ; Business ; Carriers ; Economics ; Exportation ; Finance ; Imports ; Manufactures ; Mer- chandise ; Merchants ; Money ; Naviga- tion ; Ocean ; Ships ; Trade ; Trans- portation. Commercial correspondence. Refer from Business education ; Com- merce ; Correspondence ; Letter-writing. Commercial crises. See Panics. Commercial education. See Business educa- tion. Commercial law. See also Admiralty ; Agents ; Arbitration, industrial ; Assign- ments ; Attachment ; Bankruptcy ; Car- riers ; Consuls ; Contracts ; Conveyanc- ing ; Corporations ; Debt ; Exchange ; Insurance ; Maritime law ; Negotiable instruments ; Partnership ; Principal and agent ; Sale ; Trusts. Refer from Admiralty ; Business ; Com- merce ; Consuls ; Law ; Mercantile law ; Merchants ; Negotiable instruments ; Sale. ^ Commercial travelers. rVvu * . . . A . j~%4 . /'7W- ir-4 , o_A-C Refer from Business ; Commerce ; Drum- mers ; Merchants ; Salesmen, traveling ; Travelers. Common carriers. See Carriers. Common law. See also Law, and references under that subject. Refer from Law. Common schools. See Public schools. Commonplace books. Refer from Literature. Commons (public grounds) . Refer from Land ; Parks. Commons, house of. See England. Commonwealth of England. See England, History. Commune, Paris. See France ; Paris. Communion. See Close communion ; Lord's supper. 46 Corn-Con] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Communism. See also Individualism ; So- cialism. Refer from Cooperation ; Economics ; In- dividualism ; Labor ; Political science ; Profit-sharing ; Property ; Socialism ; Sociology. Commutators. Refer from Electricity ; Electromagnets. Comparative anatomy, etc. Enter under sub- ject compared, as Anatomy, Language, Theology, Zoology, etc. Compass. Refer from Magnetic needle ; Magnetism ; Mariner's compass ; Navigation ; Varia- tion of the compass. Compensation. See Damages ; Wages. Competition. See also Demand and supply ; Monopolies. Refer from Commerce ; Demand and supply ; Economics ; Monopolies. Competitive examinations. See Civil ser- vice ; Examinations. Complexion. See Color of man. Composers. See Musicians. Composite photography. / Refer from Photography. t/Composition. See Arts, fine ; Letter- writing ; Painting ; Printing ; Rhetoric. Composition, musical. See also Counter- point ; Harmony ; Music. Refer from Music. Compressed air. Refer from Air ; Motors ; Pneumatic trans- mission. Compromise. Refer from Ethics. Compulsory education. Refer from Education. Concerts. Refer from Amusements ; Music. Conchology. See Mollusks. Concordance. See Bible ; also names of authors of whom concordances are made. Concrete. See also Cement. Refer from Cement ; Masonry ; Pave- ments. Condemned books. See Prohibited books. Conduct of life. See also Boys ; Character; Christian life ; Conversation ; Duty ; Ethics; Etiquette; Girls; Habit; Self- culture ; Success ; Young people. Refer from Character ; Christian life ; Duty; Ethics, practical; Life; Self- 47 Con-Con] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS culture; Success; Young men; Young women. Confectionery. Refer from Candy ; Cookery ; Manufact- ures. Confession. See also Absolution ; Creeds ; Penance. Refer from Absolution ; Auricular con- fession ; Catholic church ; Church history ; Church of England ; Church polity ; Pen- ance ; Repentance ; Sin ; Theology. Confirmation. See also Church membership ; Lord's supper. Refer from Church membership ; Church of England ; Church polity ; Protestant episcopal church in the U. S. ; Rites and ceremonies ; Sacraments ; Theology. Confiscation. Refer from Law ; Property. Conflagrations. See Fires. Confucianism. Refer from Ancestor-worship ; Religions. Congregationalism. See also Antinomian- ism ; Baptists ; Brownists ; Church polity ; Dissenters; Friends, society of; Ortho- doxy ; Presbyterianism ; Puritans ; Uni- tarianism ; Universalism. Refer from Brownists ; Calvinism ; Church polity ; Dissenters ; Independents ; Ortho- doxy ; Puritans ; Sects. Congress. See U. S., Congress', also names of places at which congresses were held or names of bodies holding them. Conic sections. See also Curves ; Geometry ; Mathematics. Refer from Curves ; Geometry ; Mathe- matics. Conjuring. See also Witchcraft. Refer from Amusements ; Juggling ; Leger- demain ; Magic ; Necromancy ; Prestidig- itation ; Sleight of hand. Consanguinity. See also Marriage. Refer from Ethnology ; Marriage. Conscience. See also Liberty of conscience. Refer from Cases of conscience ; Casuistry ; Ethics ; Religion ; Theology. Consciousness. See also Subconsciousness. Refer from Philosophy ; Psychology. Conscription. Refer from Drafting ; Military art and science. Consecration. See Church dedication. Conservation of energy. See Force. Con-Con] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Conservatories. See Greenhouses. Consolation. Refer from Affliction ; Children ; Death ; Devotional exercises ; Ethics ; Religion ; Suffering. Conspiracies. Refer from Criminal law ; History. Constables. See also Arrest. Refer from County officers ; Law ; Police. Constellations. See Astronomy ; Stars. Constitutional law. Refer from Law; U. S., Constitution. Constitutions. See this subhead under names of countries, states, etc. ; also names of societies, etc. Consuls. See also Commercial law ; Diplo- macy. Refer from Commercial Law ; Diplomacy ; International law. Consumption. See also Lungs. Refer from Breathing ; Chest ; Lungs ; Medicine, practice of; Tuberculosis. Contagion. See also Bacteria ; Black death ; Cholera ; Disinfection ; Epidemics ; Fever ; Fumigation ; Germ theory ; Plague ; Putrefaction ; Quarantine ; Scar- let fever ; Smallpox ; Typhoid fever ; Yellow fever. Refer from Epidemics ; Hygiene, public ; Infection ; Medicine ; Pathology ; Putre- faction. Contemporaries. Refer from Biography. Contentment. See also Happiness. Refer from Ethics; Happiness; Pleasure. Contracts. See also Assignments ; Bailments ; Debt ; Deeds ; Insurance ; Mortgages ; Partnership ; Principal and agent ; Sale. Refer from Agreements ; Commerce ; Com- mercial law ; Law ; Principal and agent. Contusions. See Bruises. Conundrums. See Riddles. Conventions. See names of political parties, denominations, societies, etc. Convents. See also Abbeys; Monasteries; Monasticism ; Nunneries. Refer from Abbeys ; Catholic church ; Church history ; Monasteries ; Monasti- cism ; Nunneries ; Sisterhoods ; Woman. Conversation. See also Table-talk. Refer from Conduct of life ; Language ; Rhetoric ; Self-culture ; Speech ; Talking. Conversion. See also Christian life; Mis- 49 Con-Cor] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS sions; Regeneration; Repentance; Re- vivals. Refer front Christian life ; Missions ; Re- generation ; Repentance ; Revivals ; Sal- vation; Theology. Conveyancing. See also Deeds ; Forms (in law) ; Real property. Refer from Commercial law ; Deeds ; Forms (in law) ; Law ; Property ; Real property ; Sale ; Titles. Convicts. See Criminals. V/ Cookery. See also Baking ; Bread ; Carving ; Coffee ; Confectionery ; Cooking schools ; Desserts ; Diet ; Dining ; Dinners ; Do- mestic economy ; Food ; Kitchen ; Pre- serving; Salads. Refer from Arts, useful; Baking; Bread; Carving (meat, etc.) ; Chemistry; Des- serts ; Diet ; Dining ; Domestic economy ; Eating ; Eggs ; Food ; Gastronomy ; Kitchen ; Pastry ; Preserving ; Receipts ; Salads ; Table, the ; Vegetables. Cooking schools. Refer from Cookery ; Education. Cooperation. See also Building associa- tions ; Communism ; Profit-sharing ; Socialism ; Trade-unions. Refer from Association ; Commerce ; Economics ; Labor ; Profit-sharing ; Socialism ; Sociology ; Trade-unions. Cooperative building associations. See Building associations. Copyright. Refer from Authors ; Books and reading ; Bookselling ; Intellectual property ; Inter- national copyright ; Law ; Literary property ; Literature ; Playright ; Prop- erty ; Publishing. Corn, Indian. See Maize. Corn laws. Refer from Agriculture ; Economics ; Law ; Tariff. Coronations. See also Crowns. Refer from Crowns ; Monarchy ; Rites and ceremonies. Coroners. Refer from County officers ; Death ; Law. Corporal punishment. See also Flogging. Refer from Education ; Flogging ; Pun- ishment; Rod, the; Teaching; Whip- ping. Corporations. See also Bankruptcy ; Bonds ; 50 Cor-Cou] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Clubs ; Investments ; Municipal cor- porations ; Receivers ; Stocks ; Trusts. Refer from Associations ; Bonds ; Com- merce ; Commercial law ; Joint-stock companies ; Law ; Partnership ; Societies ; Sociology ; Stock companies ; Stocks. Corpulence. Refer from Fat ; Food ; Obesity. Correlation of forces. See Force. Correspondence. See Commercial corre- spondence ; Letter-writing ; Letters. Corsairs. See Pirates. Cosmetics. See also Perfumery ; Toilet. Refer from Beauty, personal ; Costume ; Toilet. Cosmogony. See Universe. Cosmography. See Universe. Cosmology. See Universe. Cost. See also Prices ; Value. Refer from Economics ; Value. Costs. Refer from Actions at law ; Law. ''Costume. See also Arms and armor ; Bracelets ; Church vestments ; Clothing ; Cosmetics ; Dressmaking ; Fan ; Fash- ion ; Gloves ; Hats ; Head-gear ; Hosiery ; Jewelry ; Masks ; Millinery ; Perfumery ; Regalia ; Shoes ; Toilet ; Umbrella. Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; Beauty, personal ; Church vestments ; Clothing ; Dress ; Fashion ; History ; Manners and customs ; Millinery ; Regalia; Style; Toilet; Woman. Cottages. See also Architecture, domestic. Refer from Architecture, domestic ; Rural architecture ; Villas. t/Uotton. See also Dyeing ; Textile fabrics ; Weaving. Refer from Agriculture ; Fibres ; Textile fabrics ; Yarn. Cough. See Bronchitis. Councils. See also Church history; also names of places at which councils were held. Refer from Catholic church ; Church councils ; Church history ; Church law ; Church polity ; Fathers of the church ; Synods. Counterfeits. See also Bank notes ; Im- posture; Money; Paper money. Refer from Bank notes ; Imposture ; Money. Cou-Cre] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Counterpoint. Refer from Composition, musical ; Har- mony ; Music. Country life. See also Agriculture ; Camp- ing ; Gardening ; Hunting ; Outdoor life ; Pastoral poetry ; Peasantry; Sports. Refer from Outdoor life ; Rural life. County officers. See also Constables ; Coroners ; Sheriffs. Refer from Law ; Local government. Coup d'etat. See France, History, Courage. See also Heroes. Refer from Ethics. Court fools. See Fools. Courtesy. See Etiquette. Courts. See also Chancery ; Jurisdiction ; Law; Moot courts. Refer from Law. Courts martial. See also Military law. Refer from Law ; Military law. Courtship. See also Love ; Marriage. Refer from Love ; Marriage. Covenanters. See also Church of Scotland. Refer from Church history ; Church of Scotland ; Presbyterianism. _ Cow. See also Butter ; Cattle ; Cheese ; CtTVy- (j-u-t/i -CT Dairy; Milk. Refer from Agriculture ; Cattle ; Dairy ; Domestic animals ; Milk. Cranes. Refer from Machinery. Craniology. See Skull. Crayon drawing. Refer from Drawing. Creation. See also Bible ; Earth ; Evolution ; Geology; God; Man; Religion and science ; Universe. Refer from Bible ; Earth ; Evolution ; Geology ; God ; Man ; Natural religion ; Philosophy ; Religion and science ; Theology ; Universe. Credit. See also Banks ; Money. Refer from Banks ; Bills of credit ; Bills of exchange ; Business ; Commerce ; Debt ; Economics ; Finance ; Money ; Specula- tion. Creeds. See also Apostles' creed ; Athanasian creed ; Catechisms ; Nicene creed ; also names of sects. Refer from Belief; Catechisms; Church history ; Church membership ; Church of England ; Confession ; Faith ; Symbolics ; Symbolism (in theology) ; Theology. 52 Cre-Cru] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Cremation. Refer from Burial ; Burning the dead ; Death ; Hygiene, public. Crests. See Heraldry. Cribbage. Refer from Cards. Cricket. . Refer /h?wBallj Games ; Sports. ___ 'Crime.- SetTafso Brigands ; Capital punish- ment ; Criminal law ; Criminals ; Police ; Prisons ; Punishment ; Reformatories ; Robbers ; Tramps ; Trials ; Woman, Law. \) ^L^M^uuUU OXJ-Lx^A-^-UutxX Refer from Criminal law ; Criminology ; Dangerous classes ; Ethics ; Felony ; Im- morality ; Law ; Police ; Political science ; Prisons ; Punishment ; Sin ; Sociology ; Vice. Crimean war. See also Russia ; Turkey, etc. Refer from Eastern question ; Russia ; Turkey. Criminal law. See also Adultery ; Arrest ; Assassination ; Assault ; Bail ; Burglary ; Capital punishment ; Conspiracies ; Crime ; Criminals ; Evidence ; Infanti- cide ; Jury ; Kidnapping ; Law, and references under that subject ; Murder ; Mutiny ; Pirates ; Prisons ; Prostitution ; Punishment ; Smuggling ; Suicide ; Trea- son ; Trials ; Woman, Law. Refer from Crime ; Law ; Punishment. Criminals. Refer from Biography ; Convicts ; Crime ; Criminal law ; Law. Criminology. See Crime. Crises. See Panics. Criticism. See also Arts, fine ; Esthetics ; Literature ; Music ; Rhetoric ; also the names of arts and literatures. Refer from Esthetics ; Literature ; Rhetoric. Croquet. Refer from Games. Cross. See also Crucifixion. Refer from Christian art and symbolism ; Crucifixion ; Jesus Christ ; Legends ; Theology. Croup. Refer from Breathing ; Children, Diseases; Medicine, practice of. Crowns. See also Coronations. Refer from Coronations ; Regalia. Crucifixion. See also Cross ; Jesus Christ. Refer from Cross ; Punishment. 53 Cru-Dai] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Cruelty. See also Animals, treatment of. / Refer from Ethics. ^Crusades. See also Children's crusade; Chivalry; Middle ages. Refer from Chivalry ; Church history ; History ; History, modern ; Middle ages. Crustacea. Refer from Invertebrates ; Marine zoology ; Zoology. Cryptogams. See also Algae ; Ferns ; Fungi ; Lichens ; Mosses. Refer from Botany. Cryptography. See Cipher. Crypts. See also Tombs. Refer from Church architecture ; Tombs. Crystallography. See also Mineralogy. Refer from Chemistry ; Mineralogy, v Culture. See also Civilization ; Education ; Self-culture. */ Refer from Civilization. ; Education ; Ethics. Cuneiform writing. Refer from Alphabet ; Inscriptions ; Writing. Cupping. See also Bloodletting. Refer from Bloodletting ; Therapeutics. Curates. Refer from Clergy ; Ministers (of the gos- pel) ; Priests. Curling. Refer from Games ; Sports. Currency. See Money. Currents. See Electric currents ; Ocean ; Winds. Curves. See also Circle ; Conic sections. Refer from Conic sections ; Engineering ; Geometry. Customs. See Manners and customs ; Tariff. Cutaneous diseases. See Skin. Cutlery. See also Knives. Refer from Hardware ; Knives ; Manu- factures ; Metal-work. Cycling. Refer from Bicycling ; Locomotion ; Sports ; Tricyling ; Velocipedes ; Wheeling. Cyclones. See Storms. Cyclopedias. Refer from_ Dictionaries ; Encyclopaedias. Daguerreotype. See also Photography. Refer from Photography. Dairy. See also Butter; Cattle; Cheese; Cow ; Domestic animals ; Milk. Refer from Agriculture ; Cattle ; Cheese ; Cow; Domestic economy; Milk. 54 Dam-Dec] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Damages. Refer from Compensation ; Injuries ; Law ; DJETS.,*. Ballet; Balls. Refer from Amusements ; Balls (parties) ; Ethics ; Etiquette. Dangerous classes. See Crime ; Poor. Dark ages. See Middle ages. Darwinism. See Evolution ; Darwin, C. Dates. See Chronology. Day of judgment. See Judgment, day of. Days. See also Birthdays ; Fasts and feasts ; Holidays ; Night. Refer from Time. Deaconesses. Refer from Church polity ; Sisterhoods ; Woman. Deacons. Refer from Church polity ; Clergy. Dead. See Death. Deaf and dumb. See also Deafness ; Sign language. Refer from Deafness ; Dumb ; Ear ; Education ; Senses ; Sign language ; Speech. Deafness. See also Deaf and dumb ; Ear. Refer from Deaf and dumb ; Ear ; Hear- ing; Medicine, practice of; Senses. Death. See also Autopsy; Biology; Burial; Consolation ; Coroners ; Cremation ; Em- balming ; Funerals ; Future life ; Future punishment ; Heaven ; Hell ; Murder ; Purgatory ; Resurrection ; Suicide. Refer from Biology ; Dead ; Ethics ; Future life ; Life ; Theology. Death penalty. See Capital punishment. Death rate. See Mortality ; Vital statistics. Debates. See names of legislative bodies, etc., such as U. S., Congress. t/Debating. See also Elocution ; Oratory ; Parliamentary practice. Refer from Elocution ; Oratory. Debt. See also Assignments ; Bankruptcy ; Credit. Refer from Bankruptcy ; Commercial law ; Contracts ; Law. Debts, public. See also the division Finance under the names of countries ; Repudi- ation. Refer from Economics ; Finance ; Repudi- ation. Decalogue. See Commandments, ten. 55 Dec-Dem] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Decimal system. See also Metric system ; Weights and measures. Refer from Arithmetic ; Metric system ; Money ; Weights and measures. Declamation. See Elocution ; Readers and / speakers. ^Decoration and ornament. See also Alpha- bets ; Arabesque ; Architecture ; Arts, fine; Bas-relief; Book illustration; Bric- a-brac ; Bronzing ; Cabinet work ; Carv- ing ; China painting ; Church decoration and ornament ; Church furniture ; Em- broidery ; Enamel; Fan; Fancy work; Floral decoration ; Frescoes ; Furniture ; Gems; Glass-painting; House decora- tion ; Illumination ; Jewelry ; Metal work ; Monograms; Mosaics; Painting; Pot- tery ; Sculpture ; Tapestry ; Terra-cotta ; Vases ; Wall decoration ; Wood-carving. Refer from Architecture ; Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Bric-a-brac ; Cabinet work ; De- sign ; Drawing ; Fancy work ; House decoration ; Ornament ; Painting ; Wood- carving. Decoration day. See Memorial day. Dedication of churches. See Church dedica- tion. Deeds. See also Conveyancing. Refer from Contracts ; Conveyancing ; Land ; Law ; Real property. Deformities. See also Monsters. Refer from Orthopedics ; Physiology ; Surgery. Degeneration. See also Evolution. Refer from Evolution ; Physiology. Deism. See also Atheism ; Christianity ; God ; Theism. Refer from Atheism ; God ; Natural re- ligion ; Philosophy ; Religion ; Skepti- cism ; Theism ; Theology. Deluge, the. See also Bible. Refer from Bible ; Earth ; Flood, the ; Geology. Delusions. See also Apparitions ; Blunders ; "Illusions ; Imposture ; Superstition ; Witchcraft. Refer from Errors ; Hallucinations ; Hum- bug ; Illusions ; Insanity ; Superstition. Demand and supply. See also Competition ; Exchange. Refer from Competition ; Economics ; Exchange ; Supply and demand. Democracy. See also Despotism ; Federal government ; Liberty ; Monarchy ; Politi- 56 Dem-Dia] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS cal science ; Referendum ; Represen- tation ; Republics ; Suffrage ; Town- meeting. Refer from Despotism ; Federal govern- ment ; Free institutions ; Liberty ; Mon- archy ; People ; Political science ; Presi- dential government ; Republics. Demonology. See also Apparitions ; Devil ; Witchcraft. Refer from Angels ; Apparitions ; Devil ; Evil spirits ; Ghosts ; Spirits ; Super- stition ; Witchcraft. Denominations. See Sects. Dentistry. See Teeth. JJ UfaJLJu^ Depravity. See also Sin. Refer from Sin ; Theology ; Total de- pravity. Dervishes.' Refer from Mohammedanism ; Religions. Descent. See Genealogy ; Heredity ; Primo- geniture, v Deserts. Refer from Physical geography. i/Design. See Arts, fine ; Decoration ; Draw- ing- Despotism. See also Democracy ; Liberty ; Tyranny. Refer from Democracy ; Monarchy ; Political science ; Tyranny. Desserts. See also Cookery. Refer from Cookery. Detectives. See also Police. Refer from Police. Development. See Embryology ; Evolution. Devices. See also Emblems; Heraldry; Mottoes. Refer from Emblems ; Heraldry ; Mottoes. Devil. See also Demonology. Refer from Demonology ; Satan ; Super- stition ; Theology. Devotion. See Devotional exercises ; Prayer ; Worship. Devotional exercises. See also Church music ; Consolation ; Hymns ; Liturgies ; Lord's prayer ; Lord's supper ; Prayers ; Responsive worship ; Worship. Refer from Christian life ; Devotion ; Meditations ; Prayers ; Religion ; Wor- ship. Dew. Refer from Meteorology ; Night ; Water. Diagnosis. Refer from Clinical medicine ; Medicine ; Pathology ; Surgery ; Symptoms. 57 Dia-Dis] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Dialects. See also Americanisms ; Slang. Refer from Language. Dialing. See Sun-dials. Dialogues. See also Readers and speakers. Refer from Drama ; Literature ; Readers and speakers. Diamonds. See also Gems ; Mineralogy ; Precious stones. Refer from Gems ; Mineralogy ; Precious / stones. ^Dictionaries. For dictionaries of any lan- uage or subject see that subject ; also x Classical dictionaries ; Cycldpedias. T)iet. See also Beverages ; Cookery ; Di- gestion ; Food ; Hygiene ; Starvation ; Stimulants and narcotics ; Vegetarian- ism. Refer from Cookery ; Digestion ; Food ; Hygiene ; Invalids ; Nurses and nurs- ing ; Therapeutics. Digestion. See also Diet ; Dyspepsia ; Stomach. Refer from Diet ; Dyspepsia ; Food ; In- digestion ; Physiology ; Stomach. Dikes (engineering). See Earthwork ; Em- bankments. Dikes (geology). Refer from Dykes ; Geology. Dining. See also Carving ; Cookery ; Din- ners ; Drinking customs ; Eating ; Food ; Toasts. Refer from Cookery ; Dinners ; Domestic economy ; Drinking customs ; Eating ; Etiquette ; Food ; Gastronomy ; Meals ; Table, the. Dinners. See also Dining. Refer from Cookery ; Dining. Diplomacy. See also Ambassadors ; Con- suls ; International law ; Treaties. Refer from Ambassadors ; Consuls ; Inter- national law ; Ministers (of state) ; Po- litical science ; Statesmanship ; Treaties. Diplomatics. See Inscriptions ; Manuscripts ; Writing. Directories. See names of cities, countries, etc. ; also of trades, professions, etc. Directory, French. See France, History. Disasters. See Accidents ; Fires ; Floods ; Shipwrecks. Discoverers. See Discoveries ; Explorers. Discoveries (in geography). See also Ex- plorers ; Geography ; Voyages. Refer from Adventure ; Discoverers ; Ex- Dis-Doc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS plorers ; Geography ; Heroes ; Voyages and travels. Discoveries (in science). See Arts, useful; x Inventions ; Patents ; Science. VTHsease. See Pathology. Disestablishment. See also Church and state ; Church of England. Refer from Church and state ; Church of England; Church polity; State church. Disinfection. See also Antiseptics ; Fumi- gation. Refer from Antiseptics ; Cleanliness ; Contagion ; Fumigation ; Hygiene, pub- lic ; Putrefaction. Dislocation. See also Fracture. Refer from Bones ; Fracture ; Joints ; Surgery. Dispensaries. See also Hospitals. Refer from Hospitals. Dissection. See also Anatomy ; Autopsy ; Vivisection. Refer from Anatomy. Dissenters. See also Brownists ; Church of England ; Church rates ; Congregation- alism ; Friends, society of; Noncon- formists ; Nonjurors ; Presbyterian! sm ; Puritans. Refer from Church history ; Church of England ; Congregationalism ; Liberty of conscience ; Nonconformists ; Puri- tans ; Sects. Distillation. See also Alcohol ; Brandy ; Brewing ; Liquors. Refer from Alcohol ; Arts, useful ; Brandy ; Brewing ; Chemistry ; Evaporation ; Liquors ; Temperance. Distribution of animals and plants. See Geographical distribution. Divination. See also Clairvoyance ; Dreams ; Fortune-telling ; Omens ; Palm- istry ; Prophecies; Second sight. Refer from Augury ; Fortune-telling ; Occult sciences ; Omens ; Prophecies ; Superstition. Diving. See also Pearls ; Swimming. Refer from Baths and bathing ; Swim- ming. Divinity. See Jesus Christ ; Theology. Divinity schools. See Theological schools. Divorce. See also Marriage. Refer from Church law ; Ethics ; Law ; Marriage ; Sociology ; Woman, Law. Docks. See also Harbors ; Wharves. Refer from Commerce ; Dry docks ; 59 Doc-Dom] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Engineering ; Harbors ; Hydraulic engi- neering ; Wharves. Doctors. See Physicians. Doctrines. See Theology. Documents. See under name of body issu- ing, as U. S., Congress; Massachusetts, Labor bureau, etc. \ Dog. See also Hydrophobia ; also names of varieties of dogs. Refer from Domestic animals ; Hunting ; Hydrophobia ; Mammals. Dogmatic theology. See Theology. Dolls. Refer from Amusements ; Toys. Domes. s Refer from Architecture ; Roofs ; Vaulting. 'Domestic animals. See also Barns; Cage birds ; Cat ; Cattle ; Cow ; Dog ; Domesti- cation ; Hog ; Horse ; Ox ; Pigeons ; Poultry ; Sheep ; Stables ; Veterinary medicine ; Zoology. Refer from Agriculture ; Animals ; Beasts ; Breeding ; Cattle ; Dairy ; Domestication ; Horse ; Live Stock ; Mammals ; Pets ; Quadrupeds ; Stock breeding ; Veteri- nary medicine ; Zoology. Domestic architecture. See Architecture, / domestic. 'Domestic economy. See also Arts, useful ; Brewing ; Carving ; Cleanliness ; Cookery ; Dairy ; Dining ; Dressmaking ; Family ; Fancy work ; Food ; Fuel ; Fur- niture ; Gardening ; Guests ; Heating ; Home ; House decoration ; Household pests ; Kitchen ; Laundry ; Needlework ; Receipts ; Servants ; Sweeping ; Venti- lation. Refer from Agriculture ; Arts, useful ; Cookery ; Domestic science ; Family ; Home ; Household science ; Housekeep- ing ; Kitchen ; Sweeping ; Woman. Domestic education. See also Children ; Education ; Family. Refer from Education ; Family ; Home education ; Parents. Domestic relations. See Family ; Marriage ; Master and servant. v Domestic, science. See Domestic economy. Domestication. See also Animals, training of; Domestic animals. Refer from Animals, training of; Do- mestic animals ; Zoology. Domestics. See Servants. 60 Dom-Dre] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Dominicans. Refer from Monasticism. Dominoes. Refer from Games. Doors. See also Gates. Refer from Architecture. Doubt. See Belief; Faith; Skepticism. { Drafting. See Conscription ; Drawing. Drainage. See also Irrigation. For the drainage of towns and buildings, see Sewerage. Refer from Agriculture ; Engineering ; Hydraulic engineering ; Irrigation ; Land- / drainage ; Sewerage. ''Drama. See also Acting; Actors; Act- ji>A gospels ; Apostolic constitutions ; Apos- tolic fathers ; Councils; Saints. Refer from Apostolic fathers ; Biography ; Catholic church ; Christian biography ; Church fathers ; Church history ; Patris- tics ; Saints ; Theology. Fauna. See Zoology. Fauns. Refer from Mythology. 74 (n Fay-Fic] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Fayence. See Pottery. Feasts. See Fasts and feasts. Federal government. See also Democracy ; Republics ; Secession. Refer from Democracy ; Free institutions ; Political science ; Republics. feeble-minded. See Idiocy. S*x^ oJUo W** 1 j Feeling. See Touch. Feelings. See Emotion. Feet. See Foot. Felony. See Crime. Female. See Woman. Fences. See also Gates. Refer from Architecture. Fencing. See also Dueling ; Sword. Refer from Amusements ; Military art and science ; Sports ; Sword. Fenians. See also Ireland, History. Refer from Secret societies. Fermentation. See also Bacteria. Refer from Bacteria ; Chemistry ; Liquors. Ferns. Refer from Botany; Cryptogams; Filices. Ferries. Refer from Inland navigation ; Transpor- tation. Fertilization of plants. See also Color of flowers. Refer from Botany ; Color of flowers ; Flow- ers; Insects. ^Fertilizers. See also Agricultural chemistry ; Manures ; Phosphates. Refer from Agricultural chemistry ; Ag- riculture ; Manures. Festivals. See also Fasts and feasts ; Holi- days ; Pageants ; Processions. Refer from Amusements ; Fasts and feasts ; Religious festivals. Fetishism. See also Idolatry. Refer from Idolatry ; Superstition ; Wor- ship. Feudalism. See also Chivalry ; Middle ages. Refer from Chivalry; Knighthood; Land; Law ; Middle ages ; Political science ; Sociology; Vassals. Fever. See also Bilious fever ; Hay-fever ; Malarial fever ; Scarlet fever ; Typhoid fever; Typhus fever; Yellow fever. Refer from Contagion ; Epidemics ; Pathology. ^ Fibres. See also Cotton ; Flax ; Hemp ; Silk; Textile fabrics; Wool. Refer from Hemp ; Linen ; Textile fabrics. Fiction. See also Allegories ; Fables ; Fairy 75 Fic-Fir] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS tales ; Historical fiction ; Legends ; Novelists ; Romances. Refer from Ethics ; Literature ; Novels ; Romance ; Romances ; Stories. Fictitious names. See Pseudonyms. Fiddle. See Violin. Field-sports. See Hunting ; Sports. Fighting. See Boxing ; Bull fights ; Gladi- ators ; Military art and science ; Naval art and science ; Tournaments. Figure of the earth. See Earth ; Geodesy. Figure painting. See also Anatomy for artists. Refer from Anatomy for artists ; Human figure ; Painting. Filibusters. See Buccaneers. Filices. See Ferns. v Finance. See also Banks ; Bimetallism ; ~^ L S . ,' H i S Bonds ; Commerce ; Credit ; Debts, public; Exchange; Interest; Invest- ments ; Loans ; Money ; Panics ; Prices ; Repudiation ; Stocks ; Tariff; Taxation ; Wealth. Refer from Banks ; Bimetallism ; Bonds ; Business ; Commerce ; Economics ; Funds; History; Income, public; Loans ; Money ; Paper money ; Political science ; Revenue ; Taxation ; Wealth. Finding lists. See Library catalogs. Fine arts. See Arts, fine. Finger rings. See Rings. Finite. See Infinite. Fire. See also Combustion ; Fires ; Fuel ; Heat ; Heating ; Smoke. Refer from Chemistry ; Combustion ; Heat. Fire-engine. Refer from Engines ; Fires ; Steam- engine. Fire-insurance. See Insurance. Fire-worshipers. See also Parsees. Refer from Worship. Firearms. See also Ammunition ; Arms and armor ; Arsenals ; Artillery ; Gun ; Gun- cotton ; Gunnery ; Gunpowder ; Ord- nance ; Pistol ; Projectiles ; Rifle ; Shooting. Refer from Ammunition ; Arms and armor ; Gun ; Gunnery ; Military art and science ; Ordnance ; Projectiles ; Rifle ; Weapons. Fires. See also Chimneys ; Fire-engine ; Insurance. Refer from Conflagrations ; Disasters ; Fire ; Life-saving. 76 Fir-Flo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Fireworks. Refer from Pyrotechnics. I/Fish. See also Aquarium; Fish-culture; Fisheries ; Fishing. Refer from Fisheries ; Ichthyology ; Marine zoology ; Vertebrates ; Zoology. Fish-culture. Refer from Fish ; Pisciculture. Fisheries. See also Fish; Fishing; Seal. Refer from Arts, useful ; Fish. Fishing. See also Game laws. Refer from Angling ; Fish ; Fisheries ; Hunting ; Outdoor life ; Sports. /-] Flagellation. See Flogging. Flags. Refer from Banners ; Heraldry ; Military art and science ; Signals ; Standards. Flats. See Apartment houses. Flax. See also Linen. Refer from Agriculture ; Fibres ; Linen ; Textile fabrics ; Yarn. Flight. See also Aerial navigation ; Ani- mal locomotion ; Birds ; Wings. Refer from Aerial navigation ; Animal locomotion ; Birds ; Flying ; Locomo- tion ; Wings. Flogging. See also Corporal punishment. Refer from Corporal punishment ; Flagel- lation ; Punishment ; Rod, the ; Whip- ping. Flood, the. See Deluge. Floods. Refer from Disasters ; History ; Inunda- tions ; Rivers. Floors. See also Carpets ; Mosaics ; Pave- ments ; Sweeping. Refer from Architecture ; Carpentry. Flora. See Botany. Floral decoration. See also Church decora- tion and ornament. Refer from Church decoration and orna- ment ; Decoration and ornament ; Flowers. Floriculture. See also Annuals ; Bulbs ; Flowers ; Gardening ; Greenhouses ; Orchids ; Window-gardening. Refer from Agriculture ; Arts, useful ; Botany ; Flowers ; Gardening ; Horti- culture ; Plants ; Window-gardening. Flour. Refer from Bread ; Food ; Manufactures ; Wheat. Flowers. See also Artificial flowers ; Botany ; -d~v>~t-*t^ ft^r^rouLi-A. H*,\_ t^i ^" Buds ; Color of flowers ; Fertilization of 77 Flu-For] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS plants ; Floral decoration ; Floriculture ; Gardening; Odors; Orchids; Wax flowers ; Window-gardening. Refer from Botany ; Floriculture ; Plants. Fluids. See also Gases ; Hydraulic engineer- ' ing; Liquids; Mechanics. Refer from Hydraulic engineering; Hy- draulics ; Hydrodynamics ; Hydro- mechanics ; Hydrostatics ; Liquids ; Mechanics ; Physics. Fluxions. See Calculus. Flying. See Flight. Flying-machines. See Aerial navigation. Fog. Refer from Meteorology ; Water. */Folk-lore. See also Fairy tales ; Folk-songs ; Legends ; Manners and customs ; My- thology ; Sagas ; Superstition. Refer from Archaeology ; Ethnology ; Fairy tales ; Folk-songs ; Legends ; Lit- erature ; Man ; Manners and customs ; Mythology ; People ; Sagas ; Supersti- tion ; Traditions, r Folk-songs. See also Ballads ; Folk-lore ; National songs ; Songs. Refer from Ballads ; Folk-lore ; National songs ; Songs. Fonts. See Baptismal fonts. V Food. See also Adulterations ; Alcohol ; Animal food ; Beverages ; Bread ; Butter ; Cannibalism ; Cookery ; v " x Corpulence ; Diet ; Digestion ; Dining ; Eating ; Flour ; Fruit ; Grain ; Groceries ; Hygiene ; Liquors ; Markets ; Meat ; Milk ; Mush- rooms ; Oyster ; Stimulants and nar- cotics ; Sugar ; Temperance ; Vegetables ; Vegetarianism . Refer from Adulterations ; Analysis of food ; Beverages ; Cookery ; Diet ; Din- ing ; Domestic economy ; Eating ; Gas- tronomy ; Meals ; Table, the. Fools. See also Idiocy. Refer from Court fools ; Jesters ; Wit and humor. Foot. See also Hosiery ; Shoes. Refer from Anatomy; Feet. Football. Refer from Ball ; Games ; Sports. Footprints, fossil. Refer from Fossil footprints ; Ichnology ; Paleontology. Force. See also Mechanics. Refer from Conservation of energy; Correlation of forces; Dynamics; For-Fre] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Energy ; Kinematics ; Kinetics ; Me- chanics ; Motion ; Philosophy ; Physics ; Power. Foreign exchange. See Exchange. Foreign missions. See Missions. Forestry. See also Arbor-day ; Evergreens ; Grafting ; Landscape gardening ; Lum- bering; Pruning; Timber; Trees. Refer from Agriculture ; Arbor-day ; Arboriculture ; Botany ; Evergreens ; Forests ; Gardening ; Landscape garden- ing ; Lumbering ; Planting ; Timber ; Trees; Wood; Woods. Forests. See Forestry. Forms (in law) . See also Actions at law ; Affidavits ; Conveyancing ; Pleading. Refer from Actions at law ; Conveyancing ; Law ; Pleading. Fortification. See also Earthwork ; Gunnery ; Military architecture. Refer from Architecture, military; Earth- work ; Military architecture ; Military art and science ; Military engineering ; Sieges. Fortune-tellers. See also Dreams. Refer from Book of fate. Fortune-telling. See also Astrology ; Clair- voyance ; Divination ; Dreams ; Palm- istry. Refer from Amusements ; Cards ; Divi- nation ; Dreams ; Fate ; Prophecies ; Superstition. Fossil footprints. See Footprints, fossil. Fossils. See Paleontology. Foundations. See also Earthwork ; Ma- sonry ; Walls. Refer from Architecture ; Earthwork ; Engineering ; Masonry ; Walls. Founding. See Casting. Foundlings. See also Adoption. Refer from Children; Orphans. Fountains. See also Springs. Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Hydraulic engineering ; Water-supply. Fourth of July. Refer from Holidays ; Independence day. Fowl. See Poultry. Fowling. See Falconry. Fracture. See also Dislocation. Refer from Bones ; Dislocation ; Surgery. Franciscans. See also Capuchins. Refer from Capuchins ; Monasticism. Free agency. See Liberty of the will. 79 Fre-Fri] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Free churches. Refer from Church polity ; Churches. Free coinage. See also Bimetallism ; Money ; Silver. Refer from Bimetallism ; Coinage ; Money ; Silver. Free institutions. See also Democracy; Federal government; Liberty; Repre- sentation ; Republics. Refer from Liberty ; Political science. Free religion. See also Free thought ; Lib- erty of conscience; Rationalism. Refer from Free thought ; Rationalism ; Religion ; Religious liberty ; Theology ; Unitarianism. Free schools. See Public schools. Free speech. See Liberty of speech. Free thought. See also Agnosticism ; Free religion ; Rationalism ; Religious liberty ; Skepticism. Refer from Free religion ; Rationalism ; Religious liberty ; Skepticism. Free trade. See Tariff. Free will. See Liberty of the will. Freedmen. See also Negroes ; Slavery. Refer from Colored people ; Negroes ; Slavery. Freedom. See Liberty ; Slavery. Freedom of the press. See Liberty of the press. Freedom of the will. See Liberty of the will. Freemasonry. Refer from Knights templars ; Masons ; Secret societies ; Templars. Fresco painting. Sci Frescoes. Frescoes. See also Wall decoration. Refer from Arts, fine ; Decoration and ornament ; Fresco painting ; House painting; Painting; Wall decoration. Fret cutting. See Wood-carving. Friars. See Monasticism. Friction. Refer from Machinery ; Mechanics ; Phys- ics. Friendly societies. See also Building asso- ciations ; Insurance ; Odd-fellows. Refer from Benefit societies ; Insurance ; Labor ; Mutual benefit societies ; Poor ; Societies ; Sociology. Friends, society of. Refer from Congregationalism ; Dissent- ers ; Persecution ; Puritans ; Quakers ; Sects. 80 Fri-Fut] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Friendship. See also Love. Refer from Ethics ; Love. Frost. Refer from Cold ; Geology ; Meteorology ; Water. Fruit. See also Agriculture; Gardening; Grafting ; Grape ; Preserving ; Pruning. Refer from Agriculture ; Arboriculture ; Botany ; Food ; Gardening ; Horticult- ure ; Orchards ; Pomology ; Trees. Fuel. See also Coal ; Gas ; Peat ; Petroleum. Refer from Boilers ; Domestic economy ; Engines ; Fire ; Heating ; Manufactures. Fumigation. See also Disinfection. Refer from Contagion ; Disinfection ; Smoke. Funds. See Finance. Funerals. See also Burial ; Burial service. Refer from Burial ; Church antiquities ; Death ; Manners and customs ; Rites and ceremonies. Fungi. See also Bacteria ; Mould ; Mush- rooms. Refer from Agricultural pests ; Botany ; Cryptogams ; Microbes ; Mould ; Mush- rooms ; Mycology ; Parasites ; Pests. Furniture. See also Beds ; Cabinet work ; Candlesticks ; Chairs ; Church furni- ture ; House decoration ; Lamps ; Mir- rors ; Upholstery ; Wood-carving. Refer from Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Cabi- net work ; Decoration and ornament ; Domestic economy ; House decoration ; Interior decoration ; Manufactures ; Up- holstery ; Wood-carving. Future life. See also Annihilation ; Death ; Eternity ; Future punishment ; Heaven ; Hell; Judgment, day of; Millennium; Purgatory ; Resurrection ; Salvation ; Soul ; Spiritualism ; Transmigration. Refer from Annihilation ; Death ; Escha- tology ; Eternal life ; Eternity ; Future punishment ; Hades ; Heaven ; Hell ; Immortality ; Intermediate state ; Judg- ment, day of ; Life; Man; Millennium; Natural religion ; Philosophy ; Proba- tion ; Psychology ; Purgatory ; Religion ; Resurrection ; Retribution ; Salvation ; Soul ; Theology ; Universalism. Future punishment. See also Future life ; Hell ; Purgatory ; Universalism. Refer from Death ; Endless punishment ; Future life; Hell; Punishment; Purga- 81 Gag-Gas] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS tory ; Retribution ; Sin ; Theology ; Uni- versalism. Gaging. Refer from Gauging; Mensuration; Weights and measures. Galleys. Refer from Punishment ; Ships ; Slavery. Galvanism. See Electricity. Galvanometer. See also Electric measure- ment. Refer from Electric measurement. Galvanoplasty. See Electrometallurgy. Gambling. See also Betting ; Cards ; Lot- teries ; Probabilities. Refer from Betting ,- Cards ; Ethics ; Games ; Gaming ; Passions ; Sports. Game. See also Game laws ; Hunting ; Sports. Refer from Birds; Hunting; Shooting; Zoology. Game laws. See also Poaching. Refer from Fishing ; Game ; Hunting ; Law ; Poaching. Games. See also Amusements; Archery; Backgammon ; Baseball ; Billiards ; Bowling ; Cards ; Checkers ; Chess ; Cricket ; Croquet ; Curling ; Dominoes ; Football; Gambling; Golf; Kinder- garten ; Patience ; Solitaire ; Sports ; Tennis; Toys; Whist. Refer from Amusements ; Plays ; Recre- ation ; Sports. Gaming. See Gambling. yGardening. See also Agricultural pests ; Agriculture ; Botany ; Floriculture ; Forestry ; Fruit ; Gardens ; Green- houses ; Landscape gardening ; Shrubs ; Vegetables ; Weeds ; Window-gardening. Refer from Agriculture ; Arts, useful ; Botany ; Country life ; Domestic econ- omy ; Floriculture ; Flowers ; Fruit ; Horticulture ; Landscape gardening ; Market gardening; Planting; Plants; Shrubs ; Vegetables ; Vines. Gardens. See also Botanical gardens. Refer from Gardening. Gas. See also Coal gas. Refer from Chemistry ; Coal gas ; Fuel ; Gases ; Lighting ; Manufactures. Gas-engine. Refer from Engines. Gases. See also Gas. Refer from Chemistry ; Fluids ; Mechanics ; Physics ; Pneumatics ; Vapor. 82 Gas-Geo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Gastronomy. See Cookery ; Dining ; Eating ; Food. Gates. Refer from Architecture ; Doors ; Fences. Gauging. See Gaging. Gazetteers. See Geography, Dictionaries. Gearing. Refer from Cog-wheels ; Machinery. *^Gems. See also Cameos; Diamonds; Jewelry ; Precious stones. Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; Cameos ; Decoration and ornament ; Diamonds ; Engraving ; Jewelry ; Min- eralogy ; Precious stones. Genealogy. See also Biography ; Heraldry. Refer from Ancestry; Biography; De- scent; Families; Heraldry; Pedigrees. Generals. See also Military biography. Refer from Biography ; Military biog- raphy. Genius. Refer from Intellect ; Philosophy ; Psy- chology. Geodesy. See also Earth ; Pendulum ; Sur- veying. Refer from Earth ; Figure of the earth ; Mathematics ; Mensuration ; Surveying ; Trigonometry. Geographical distribution of animals and plants. Refer from Botany ; Distribution of animals and plants ; Zoology. Geographical names. See Names (geo- graphical) . Geographical societies. See also Alpine clubs. r Refer from Alpine clubs ; Societies. Q(AJL^ vGeography. See also Arctic regions ; At- lases ; Boundaries ; Discoveries ; Earth ; Ethnology ; Explorers ; Globes ; Islands ; Latitude ; Longitude ; Map drawing ; Maps ; Names (geographical) ; Physical geography ; Surveying ; Tropics ; Voy- ages and travels. Refer from Ancient geography ; Atlases ; Discoveries (in geography) ; Earth ; Explorers ; History ; Physical geog- raphy ; Science; Topography; Voyages and travels. Geography, Dictionaries. Refer from Gazetteers. Geology. See also Boulders ; Coal ; Creation ; Deluge; Dikes; Earth; Earthquakes; Erosion ; Evolution ; Frost ; Glaciers ; 83 Geo-Gir] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Man; Metals; Mineralogy; Mines and mining ; Moraines ; Mountains ; Paleon- tology ; Peat ; Petroleum ; Physical geography ; Rocks ; Soils ; Stone ; Vol- canoes. Refer from Creation ; Earth ; Earth- quakes ; Mineralogy ; Mountains ; Nat- ural history ; Paleontology ; Physical geography ; Physical geology ; Phys- iography ; Rocks ; Science. Geometrical drawing. See also Graphics ; Mechanical drawing ;. Perspective ; Pro- jection. Refer from Drawing ; Engineering ; Ge- ometry ; Graphics ; Mathematical draw- ing; Mechanical drawing; Projection. ^Geometry. See also Axioms ; Circle ; Conic sections ; Curves ; Geometrical drawing ; Mathematics ; Mensuration ; Perspective ; Quaternions ; Trigonometry. Refer from Analytical geometry ; Conic sections ; Mathematics ; Stereography ; Trigonometry. Germ theory. See also Bacteria. Refer from Bacteria ; Contagion ; Medi- cine ; Pathology. Gesture. See also Elocution ; Pantomime ; Sign language. Refer from Elocution ; Oratory ; Panto- mime. Geysers. See also Springs. Refer from Physical geography; Springs. Ghosts. See also Apparitions ; Demonology. Refer from Apparitions ; Hallucinations ; Illusions; Spectres; Spirits; Super- stition. Giants. Refer from Man ; Monsters. Gilding. Refer from Arts, useful ; Goldsmithing ; Painting, mechanical ; Plating. Gilds. See also Trade-unions. Refer from Associations ; Economics ; Guilds ; Labor ; Local government ; So- cieties ; Sociology ; Trade-unions. Gipsies. Refer from Ethnology ; Gypsies. Girders. See also Bridges ; Roofs ; Trusses. Refer from Architecture ; Bridges ; Engi- neering ; Roofs ; Strength of materials ; Trusses. Girls. See also Children ; Education ; '- * ^ 17 " Woman ; Young women. ^ Refer from Children: Conduct of life; 84 Gla-Goo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Ethics ; Woman ; Young people ; Young women. Glaciers. See also Boulders ; Erosion ; Ice ; Moraines. Refer from Boulders ; Erosion ; Geology ; Ice ; Moraines ; Physical geography ; Water. Gladiators. Refer from Amphitheatres ; Fighting. Glass. Refer from Annealing ; Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Manufactures ; Windows. Glass-painting. Refer from Arts, fine ; Decoration and ornament ; Painted glass ; Painting ; Stained glass ; Windows. Glees. See also Songs. Refer from Musjc ; Songs. Globes. See also Astronomy. Refer from Astronomy ; Geography ; Maps. Gloves. Refer from Costume ; Hand. Glue. Refer from Cement ; Manufactures. Goblins. See Fairies. God. See also Atheism; Bible; Creation; Deism ; Holy spirit ; Idolatry ; Jesus Christ ; Monotheism ; Mythology ; Nat- ural religion ; Pantheism ; Polytheism ; Religion ; Theism ; Theology ; Trinity. Refer from Atheism ; Bible ; Christianity ; Creation ; s Deism ; Natural religion ; Pantheism ; Philosophy ; Religion ; The- ism ; Theodicy ; Theology ; Trinity. Gold. See also Alchemy; Bimetallism; Coins and medals ; Goldsmithing ; Jewelry ; Mines and mining ; Money ; Precious metals. Refer from Bimetallism ; Metals ; Mines and mining ; Money ; Precious metals ; Specie. Golden fleece. See Argonauts. Goldsmithing. See also Gilding; Jewelry; Plate. Refer from Arts, fine ; Gold ; Jewelry ; Metal-work ; Plate. Golf. Refer from Games ; Sports. Good Friday. Refer from Fasts and feasts ; Holy week ; Lent. 85 Gor-Gri] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Gorilla. Refer from Apes ; Mammals ; Monkeys ; Zoology. Gothic architecture. See also Cathedrals ; Church architecture. Refer from Architecture ; Church archi- tecture. Government. See Political science. Governors. Refer from Biography. Grafting. Refer from Forestry ; Fruit ; Trees. Grain. See also Wheat. Refer from Agriculture ; Breadstuff's ; Ce- reals ; Food ; Wheat. Graining. See also Painting, mechanical. Refer from Painting, mechanical. Grammar. See also Etymology ; Prosody. For the Grammar of any language see its name. Refer from Accidence ; Language ; Words. Grammar schools. Refer from Education ; Schools. Grangers. Refer from Agriculture ; Commerce ; Mo- nopolies ; Patrons of husbandry. Grape. See also Wine. Refer from Agriculture ; Fruit ; Vine ; Vines ; Wine. Graphic arts. See Arts, fine ; Drawing ; Engraving ; Painting. Graphics. See also Geometrical drawing ; Mechanical drawing. Refer from Drawing ; Geometrical draw- ing ; Mechanical drawing. / Grasses Refer from Agriculture ; Botany. Graveyards. See Cemeteries. Gravitation. See also Astronomy ; Physics ; Specific gravity ; Weights and measures. Refer from Astronomy ; Physics; Specific gravity ; Weights and measures. Greek church. See also Church history. Cv\-LL Heredity. See (jLjJiJL Children ; Cleanliness ; Climate ; Diet ; Exercise ; Gymnastics ; Health resorts ; Invalids ; Longevity ; Medicine ; Mili- tary hygiene ; Mind and body ; Naval hygiene ; Nurses and nursing ; Pathol- ogy ; Physical education ; Physiology ; Rest ; Sleep ; Stimulants and narcotics ; Temperance ; Therapeutics ; Training ; Vacations ; Ventilation ; Voice ; Woman, Diseases. Refer from Biology ; Diet ; Food ; Health ; Life ; Man ; Medicine ; Pathology ; Phys- iology ; Sanitary science. Hygiene, public. See also Adulterations; Burial ; Contagion ; Cremation ; Disin- fection ; Epidemics ; Hospitals ; Inocula- tion ; Quarantine ; Sanitary engineering ; School hygiene. Refer from Medicine ; Public health, v/ Hymns. See also Church music ; Religious poetry. Refer from Anthems ; Chants ; Church music ; Devotional exercises ; Literature ; Liturgies ; Lyric poetry ; Music ; Poetry ; Psalmody ; Religion ; Religious poetry ; Rites and ceremonies ; Sacred poetry ; t Songs ; Worship. ^Hypnotism. See also Animal magnetism ; Subconsciousness. Refer from Animal magnetism ; Mental suggestion ; Mesmerism fMind and body ; Mind-reading ^Psychology ; Sleep ; Sub- consciousness ; Suggestion, mental. Hysteria. Refer from Medicine, practice of; Ner- vous system ; Woman, Diseases. Ice. See also Alps ; Arctic regions ; Glaciers ; Skating ; Water. Refer from Glaciers ; Meteorology; Phys- ical geography ; Snow ; Water. Ichnology. See Footprints, fossil. Ichthyology. See Fish. Iconography. See Christian art ; Idolatry ; Saints. 94 Ide-Inc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Idealism. See also Realism. Refer from Philosophy ; Realism. Idiocy. Ste also Insanity. 5 C . Refer from Brain ; Feeble-minded ; Fools ; Imbecility; Insanity; Medicine, practice of; Mental diseases ; Mind and body. Idolatry. See also Fetishism. Refer from Fetishism ; God ; Iconography ; Image worship ; Religion ; Religions ; Worship. Illumination. See Lighting. Illumination (of mss. and books). See also Alphabets. Refer from Alphabets ; Arts, fine ; Book illustration ; Books and reading ; Deco- ration and ornament ; Manuscripts ; x Ornamental alphabets ; Painting, v Illusions. See also Apparitions ; Delusions ; Ghosts. Refer from Delusions ; Hallucinations ; Insanity ; Mental diseases ; Psychology ; Visions. Illustration of books. See Book illustration. Image worship. See Idolatry. Imagination. Refer from Intellect ; Philosophy ; Psy- chology. Imbecility. See-Uteoy. Immaculate conception. See also Mary, virgin. Refer from Catholic church ; Incarnation; Jesus Christ ; Mariolatry ; Mary, virgin ; Vatican council. Immigration. See also Colonies ; Naturaliza- tion. Refer from Emigration ; Political science ; Sociology. Immorality. See Crime ; Ethics. Immortality. See Future life. Imperial federation. See also England, Colonies. Refer from Political science. Imports. See Commerce ; Tariff. Imposture. See also Counterfeits ; Quacks and quackery. Refer from Adventurers ; Counterfeits ; De- lusions ; Humbug ; Quacks and quack- ery. Imprisonment. See Arrest; Prisons. Incandescent lamps. See Electric lamps. Incarnation. See also Immaculate concep- tion ; Jesus Christ. Refer from Jesus Christ. Income, public. See Finance. 95 Inc-Inf] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Income tax. See also Taxation. Refer from Taxation. Incubation. See Poultry. Incubus. See Nightmare. Incunabula. See Printing. Independence day. See Fourth of July. Independent order of odd-fellows. See Odd- fellows. Independents. See Congregationalism. v Indexes. [See subjects indexed, as Essays ; Periodicals ; or enter here a list of all indexes in the library.] Refer from Bibliography. Indexing. See also Cataloging. Refer from Bibliography ; Cataloging. India-rubber. See also Gutta-percha. Refer from Caoutchouc ; Gutta-percha ; Manufactures ; Rubber. Indian corn. See Maize. ^/Indians 6^C North America^ See also Cliff- dwellings ; Mound-builders ; Pueblos ; Totems. Refer from American aborigines ; Archae- ology ; Ethnology ; Mound-builders ; Mythology ; Religions ; North American Indians. Indians of South America. Indigestion. See Digestion. Individualism. See also Communism ; Social- ism. Refer from Communism ; Economics ; Political science ; Socialism. Induction coils. Refer from Electricity. Indulgences. Refer from Catholic church ; Church polity ; Purgatory. Industrial arts. See Arts, useful ; Manufact- ures. Industrial drawing. See Mechanical draw- / ing ." v/Industrial education. See Manual training; Technical education. Industrial exhibitions. See Exhibitions. Inebriates. See Temperance. Infallibility. See also Catholic church ; Popes ; Vatican council. Refer from Catholic church ; Popes ; The- ology ; Vatican council. Infanticide. Refer from Criminal law ; Medical juris- prudence ; Murder; Woman; Woman, Law. 96 I Inf-Ins] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Infantry. See also Military art and science. Refer from Military art and science ; Tac- tics. Infants. See Children. /^Infection. See Contagion. Infidelity. See Skepticism. Infinite. Refer from Finite ; Philosophy. Infirmaries. See Hospitals. Inflammation. Refer from Pathology. Influenza. Refer from Breathing; Grippe, la; Medi- cine, practice of. Inheritance. See also Primogeniture ; Wills. Refer from Law ; Property ; Wills. Inheritance (biology). See Heredity. Injunctions. Refer from Actions at law ; Law. Injuries. See Accidents ; Damages. Ink. Refer from Printing ; Stationery ; Writ- ing. Inland navigation. See also Canals; Fer- ries ; Rivers ; Steam navigation. Refer from Commerce ; Navigation ; Transportation. Inns. See also Hotels. Refer from Hotels ; Taverns. Inoculation. See also Smallpox ; Vaccina- tion. Refer from Hygiene, public ; Medicine ; Smallpox ; Therapeutics ; Vaccination. Inquisition. See also Martyrs. Refer from Catholic church ; Church history ; Heresy ; Martyrs ; Middle ages ; Persecution ; Torture. Insane hospitals. Refer from Asylums ; Hospitals ; Insanity. w Insanity. See /^Brain ; Delusions ; Idiocy ; Illusions; Insane hospitals; Medical jurisprudence ^Mind and body ; Nervous system. , Refer from^rxm. ; Hallucinations; Idiocy; Intellect ; Lunacy ; Madness ; Medical jurisprudence ; Medicine, practice of; Mental diseases ;. v Mind and body ; Ner- vous system ; Philosophy ; v Psychology. Inscriptions. See also Alphabet ; Cunei- form ; Epitaphs; Hieroglyphics; Manu- scripts ; Writing. Refer from Alphabet; Archaeology; Diplomatics ; Epigraphy ; Literature ; 97 Ins-Int] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Manuscripts ; Monuments ; Paleog- raphy ; Writing. Insectivorous plants. Refer from Botany. V/lnsects. See also Agricultural pests ; Bees ; Beetles ; Butterflies ; Caterpillars ; Fer- tilization of plants ; Household pests ; Lepidoptera ; Moths ; Parasites. Refer from Agricultural pests ; Ento- mology ; Invertebrates; Pests ; Zoology. Insolvency. See Bankruptcy. Insomnia. See also Sleep. . / Refer from Medicine, practice of; Sleep. "^Instinct. *See alsv Animal psychology. Refer from Animal psychology ; Habit ; Intelligence of animals; Psychology; Reason; Zoology. / Instrumental music. See also Music ; Musi- cal instruments; Orchestral music. Refer from Music ; Musical instruments ; Orchestral music. Instrumentation. Refer from Music ; Musical Instruments. Instruments. See also Machinery ; Scien- tific apparatus ; Tools ; also Arithmetical ; Astronomical ; Mathematical ; Musical ; Optical; Philosophical; Surgical, etc., instruments. Refer from Apparatus ; Science ; Scientific apparatus. Insurance. See also Annuities ; Friendly societies. Refer from Accident insurance ; Assur- ance ; Commerce ; Commercial law ; Con- tracts ; Fire-insurance ; Fires ; Friendly societies ; Investments ; Law ; Life-insur- ance; Marine insurance; Maritime law; Probabilities ; Property ; Sociology. Intellect. See also Animal psychology ; Belief; Brain; Certainty; Genius; Imag- ination ; Insanity ; Knowledge ; Logic ; Memory ; Psychology ; Reason ; Senses. Refer from Brain; Intelligence; Mind; Philosophy ; Psychology ; Understand- ing. Intellectual property. See Copyright. Intelligence. See Intellect. Intelligence of animals. See Animal psy- chology; Instinct. Intemperance. See Temperance. Interest. Refer from Arithmetic ; Banks ; Capital ; Commerce ; Economics ; Ethics ; Fi- Int-Iro] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS nance ; Investments*; Money ; Negotiable instruments ; Tables ; Usury. Interior decoration. See Furniture ; House decoration. Intermediate state. See Future life ; Purga- tory. Interment. See Burial. Internal revenue. See Taxation; U. S., Finance. International copyright. See Copyright. International exhibitions. See Exhibitions. International law. See also Aliens; Alle- giance; Ambassadors; Arbitration, in- ternational ; Blockade ; Citizenship ; Consuls ; Diplomacy ; Embargo laws ; Maritime law ; Monroe doctrine ; Natu- ralization ; Neutrality ; Peace ; Privateer- ing ; Prizes ; Treaties. Refer from Blockade ; Diplomacy ; Law ; Law of nations ; Maritime law ; Minis- ters (of state) ; Nations, law of; Neutral- ity ; Treaties ; War. Intestines. Refer from Abdomen ; Anatomy ; Viscera. Intolerance. See Liberty of conscience ; Re- ligious liberty. Intoxication. See Temperance. Inundations. See Floods. Invalids. See also Diet ; Health resorts ; Nurses and nursing. Refer from Hygiene ; Medicine ; Sick, the. ^Inventions. See also Patents. Refer from Arts, useful ; Discoveries (in science) ; Machinery ; Patents ; Science. Invertebrates. See also Crustacea ; Insects ; Mollusks ; Worms ; Zoology. Refer from Zoology. Investments. See also Annuities ; Banks ; Bonds; Building associations; Insur- ance ; Interest ; Loans ; Mortgages ; Speculation ; Stocks. Refer from Bonds ; Corporations ; Eco- nomics ; Finance ; Loans ; Money ; Nego- tiable instruments ; Securities ; Specula- tion; Stocks. Iron. See also Casting ; Hardware ; Ironwork ; Mines and mining; Steel. Refer from Annealing ; Building materials ; Metals ; Mines and mining; Steel. Iron-clad vessels. See Armored vessels. Ironwork. See also Blacksmithing. Refer from Arts, fine ; Blacksmithing ; Iron ; Metal-work. 99 Irr-Joi] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS * Irrigation. See also Canals ; Drainage. Refer from Agriculture ; Canals ; Drain- age ; Engineering ; Hydraulic engineer- ing; Water-supply. Islam. See Mohammedanism. Islands. Refer from Geography ; Physical geog- raphy. Ivory. Refer from Carving (wood, etc.) ; Sculpture. Jails. See Prisons. Jansenists. Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- tory ; Jesuits. Japanning. See also Varnishing. Refer from Varnishing. Jesters. See Fools. Jests. See Wit and humor. Jesuits. See also Jansenists. Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- tory ; Jesus, society of; Monasticism ; Religious orders ; Society of Jesus. Jesus, society of. See Jesuits. Jesus Christ. See also Antichrist ; Apostles ; Arianism ; Atonement ; Bible ; Christian art ; Christianity ; Christmas ; Cross ; Easter ; Immaculate conception ; Incar- nation ; Lord's supper ; Mary, virgin ; Millennium ; Miracles ; Parables ; Salva- tion ; Second advent ; Socinianism ; Tran- substantiation ; Trinity; Unitarianism. Refer from Atonement ; Bible ; Christ ; Crucifixion ; Divinity ; God ; Incarnation ; Jews ; Lord's supper ; Mary, virgin ; Messiah ; Millennium ; Miracles ; Para- bles ; Prophecies ; Religion ; Resurrec- tion ; Second advent ; Temptation ; The- ology; Trinity; Unitarianism. Jewelry. See also Beads ; Bracelets ; Cameos ; Gems ; Goldsmithing ; Pearls ; Plate ; Precious stones ; Rings ; Silversmithing. Refer from Arts, fine ; Costume ; Decora- tion and ornament ; Gems ; Gold ; Gold- smithing ; Metal-work ; Precious stones ; Rings ; Silversmithing. Jews. See also Bible ; Circumcision ; Es- senes ; Jesus Christ ; Messiah ; Passover ; Patriarchs ; Prophets ; Talmud. Refer from Bible ; Church history ; Juda- ism ; Persecution ; Religions ; Ten tribes . C\ * of Israel. ^ AM^ M Joinery. See Carpentry. Joint-stock companies. See Corporations. Joi-Kin] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Joints. See also Dislocation. Refer from Anatomy ; Bones. Jokes. See Wit and humor. Journalism. See also Authorship ; Libel and , slander ; Liberty of the press ; News- papers ; Periodicals ; Reporting. Refer from Authorship ; Liberty of the press ; Literature ; Newspapers ; Periodi- cals ; Press ; Reporting. Journeys. See Voyages and travels ; also names of countries, etc. Judaism. See Jews. Judges. See also Chief justices. Refer from Biography ; Chief justices ; Law ; Lawyers ; Magistrates. Judgment, day of. See also Future life. Refer from Day of judgment ; Future life ; Second advent ; Theology. Juggling. See Conjuring. Jurisdiction. Refer from Courts ; Law. Jurisprudence. .Si?* Law. Jury. See also Trials. Refer from Criminal law ; Law ; Trial by jury ; Trials. Justices of the peace. Refer from Biography ; Law ; Magistrates. Justification. See also Faith. Refer from Faith ; Theology. Juvenile literature. See Children's literature. \J O4>O-^*^ljt, Kaleidoscope. Refer from Light ; Optical instruments. Keramics. See Pottery. Keys. See also Locks. Refer from Hardware ; Locks. Kidnapping. Refer from Criminal law. Kidneys. Refer from Abdomen ; Viscera. Kindergarten. .Si?* also Child study; Chil- dren ; Nature study ; Object-teaching. Refer from Child study ; Children ; Educa- tion ; Games*, Object-teaching ; Schools ; Teaching. Kindness to animals. See Animals, treat- ment of. Kinematics. See Force ; Mechanics ; Motion. Kinetics. See Force ; Mechanics ; Motion. Kings. See also Emperors. For works on the duties, rights, etc., of kings, see Monarchy. Refer from Biography ; Monarchy ; Rulers ; Sovereigns. XA/LQ Kis-Lam] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Kissing. Refer from Manners and customs. Kitchen. See also Cookery ; Domestic econ- omy. Refer from Cookery ; Domestic economy. Knight-errantry. See Chivalry. Knighthood. See Chivalry ; Feudalism ; Her- aldry. Knights hospitallers. See Malta, knights of. Knights of Malta. See Malta, knights of. Knights of St. John. See Malta, knights of. Knights templars. See Freemasonry; Templars. Knitting. See also Fancy work. Refer from Fancy work. Knives. See also Cutlery. / Refer from Cutlery ; Hardware. "Knots. Refer from Navigation ; Rope. Know-nothings. See American party. Knowledge. See also Education ; Philoso- phy ; Science. Refer from Education ; Intellect ; Learn- ing ; Philosophy ; Psychology. Koran. See also Mohammedanism. , Refer from Alcoran ; Mohammedanism. * Labor. See also Apprentices; Arbitration, industrial ; Capital ; Children ; Commun- ism ; Cooperation ; Economics ; Factory system ; Friendly societies ; Gilds ; Hours of labor ; Machinery ; Peasantry ; Poor ; Profit-sharing ; Servants ; Slavery ; Sociology ; Strikes and lockouts ; Trade- unions ; Wages ; Woman. Refer from Capital ; Children ; Economics ; Manufactures ; People ; Poor ; Profit- sharing ; Sociology ; Strikes and lock- outs ; Trade-unions ; Wages ; Wealth ; Work ; Working-classes. Lace. See also Needlework. Refer from Arts, fine ; Fancy work ; Manufactures ; Needlework ; Weaving. Laconics. See Maxims. Lacquer. Refer from Varnishing. Ladies. See Etiquette ; Woman. Lake-dwellings. Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Ethnology ; Lakes. Lakes. See also Lake-dwellings ; Ponds Refer from Physical geography ; Ponds ; Water. Lampoons. See Satire. 102 Lam-Law] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Lamps. See also Electric lamps. Refer from Furniture ; Lighting ; Oil. Land. See also Agriculture ; Commons ; Deeds ; Easements ; Feudalism ; Land- lord and tenant ; Parks ; Real property ; Rents ; Surveying ; Taxation ; Titles. Refer from Agriculture ; Economics ; Land- lord and tenant ; Law ; Property ; Real property ; Rent ; Tenure ofjand. Land-drainage. See Drainage. Landlord and tenant. See also Land ; Rent. Refer from Land ; Law ; Real property ; Rent; Tenant. Landscape. Refer from Esthetics ; Picturesque. '''Landscape gardening. See also Cemeter- ies ; Evergreens ; Forestry ; Gardening ; Parks ; Shrubs. Refer from Agriculture ; Arts, fine ; Ceme- teries ; Forestry ; Gardenin ; Parks ; Planting ; Rural architecture ; Shrubs ; Trees. Landscape painting. /Refer from Painting. ^Language. See also Accent; Alphabet; Classical education ; Conversation ; Dialects ; Elocution ; Etymology ; Gram- mar ; Hieroglyphics ; Literature ; Names ; Phonetics ; Pronunciation ; Prosody ; Punctuation ; Rhetoric ; Sign language ; Slang ; Speech ; Spelling ; Synonyms ; Translation ; Words ; Writing. Refer from Anthropology ; Ethnology ; Linguistics ; Literature ; Philology ; Science ; Speech ; Words. Lathe. See Turning. Latitude. Refer from Astronomy ; Earth ; Geog- raphy ; Nautical astronomy ; Navigation. Latter-day saints. See Mormonism. Laughter. See also Wit and humor. Refer from Wit and humor. Laundry. Refer from Domestic economy ; Washing. . See also Acknowledgments ; Actions at law ; Administrators and executors ; Admiralty ; Adoption ; Affidavits ; Aliens ; ^Jj.^i^v^t^i Allegiance ; Appeal ; Arrest ; Assault ; Assignments; Asylum, right of ; Attach- ment ; Attorneys ; Awards ; Bail ; Bail- ments ; Bankruptcy ; Benefit of clergy ; Carriers ; Chancery ; Church law ; Civil law ; Civil rights ; Commercial law ; 103 Law-Lee] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Common law ; Confiscation ; Constables ; Constitutional law ; Contracts ; Con- veyancing ; Copyright ; Corn laws ; Coroners ; Corporations ; Costs ; County officers ; Courts ; Courts martial ; Crime ; Criminal law ; Criminals ; Damages ; Debt ; Deeds ; Divorce ; Easements ; Equity ; Evidence ; Feudalism ; Forms ; Game laws ; Guaranties and sureties ; Guardians ; Habeas corpus ; Inheritance ; Injunctions; Insurance; International law ; Judges ; Jurisdiction ; Jury ; Justices of the peace ; Land ; Landlord and ten- ant ; Lawyers ; Legacies ; Legislation ; Libel and slander ; Liens ; Limitations ; Lynch law ; Magistrates ; Mandamus ; Maritime law ; Marriage ; Martial law ; Master and servant ; Medical jurispru- dence ; Military law ; Moot courts ; Mort- gages ; Municipal corporations ; Murder ; Mutiny ; Negligence ; Negotiable instru- ments ; Neutrality ; Nuisance ; Parlia- mentary practice ; Partnership ; Patents ; Personal property ; Pleading ; Police ; Poor laws ; Possession ; Powers ; Primo- geniture ; Principal and agent ; Property ; Prostitution ; Punishment ; Real prop- erty ; Receivers ; Rent ; Sale ; Sheriffs ; Titles ; Torts ; Trade-marks ; Treason ; Trespass ; Trials ; Trustees ; Wager of battle ; Wills ; Witnesses ; Woman, Law. Refer from Civil law ; Common law ; Courts ; Criminal law ; Ethics ; Jurisprudence ; Legislation ; Maritime law ; Municipal law ; Pleading ; Political science ; Science ; Sociology. Law of nations. See International law. Lawn-tennis. See Tennis. Lawyers. See also Chancellors, lord; Chief justices ; Judges. Refer from Bar ; Biography ; Law. Lead. See also Plumbing. Refer from Metals ; Mines and mining. Learning. See Education ; Knowledge. /Leather. See also Harness ; Shoes ; Tan- ning. . Refer from Manufactures ; Tanning. * Leather work. Refer from Arts, fine ; Fancy work. Leaves. Refer from Botany. Lecturing. See also Lyceums. Refer from Lyceums ; Oratory. 104 Lef-Lib] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS ^ Lefthandedness. Refer from Habit ; Hand. Legacies. Refer from Law ; Wills. Legal tender. See also Money. +Refer from Money ; Paper money, legends. See also Animals, legends and stories of; Ballads; Cross; Fairytales; Folk-lore; Mary, virgin; Mythology; Romances ; Saints. Refer from Ballads ; Fiction ; Folk-lore ; Literature ; Mythology ; Romances ; Stories ; Superstition ; Traditions. Legerdemain. See Conjuring. Legislation. See also Law; Parliamentary practice ; Political science. Refer from Law. Lent. See also Ash Wednesday ; Easter ; Good Friday ; Holy week. Refer from Ash Wednesday ; Catholic church ; Fasting ; Fasts and feasts. Lepidoptera. See also Butterflies ; Cater- pillars ; Moths. Refer from Butterflies ; Insects ; Moths. 'Letter-writing. See also Commercial cor- respondence ; Rhetoric. Refer from Composition ; Correspondence ; < Etiquette ; Rhetoric ; Writing. Lettering. See Alphabets. Letters. Refer from Correspondence ; Literature. Letters (of the alphabet). See Alphabet. Letters of marque. See Privateering. Levelling. See Surveying. Lexicons. See names of languages, subjects, etc. Libel and slander. See also Liberty of speech ; Liberty of the press. Refer from Journalism ; Law ; Liberty of speech ; Liberty of the press ; Slander. Liberty. See also Democracy ; Free institu- tions ; Religious liberty ; Slavery. Refer from Civil liberty ; Democracy ; Despotism ; Ethics ; Free institutions ; Freedom ; People ; Personal liberty ; Philosophy ; Political science ; Religious liberty. Liberty of conscience. See also Dissenters ; Heresy ; Persecution ; Private judgment ; Religious liberty. Refer from Church and state ; Conscience ; Ethics ; Free religion ; Heresy ; Intoler- ance ; Persecution; Private judgment; 105 Lib-Lig] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Religious liberty; Theology; Toler- ation. Liberty of speech. See also Libel and slan- der; Liberty of the press. Refer from Free speech ; Libel and slander ; Liberty of the press ; Speech. Liberty of the press. See also Journalism; Libel and slander; Liberty of speech; Prohibited books. Refer from Censorship of the press; Freedom of the press ; Journalism ; Libel and slander ; Liberty of speech ; Newspapers ; Periodicals ; Press ; Pro- hibited books. Liberty of the will. See also Necessity ; Pre- destination ; Will. Refer from Ethics ; Free agency ; Free will ; Freedom of the will ; Necessity ; Predestination; Psychology; Theology; Will. Librarians. ' Refer from Biography. . , Libraries. See also Bibliography ; Book clubs ; L. / D v CtV \ i. % 4 L*l O v-flt. v w t*o 7? u Book collecting ; Bookbinding ; Books and reading ; Cataloging ; Classification. Refer from Architecture ; Bibliography ; Books and reading ; Cataloging ; Classi- fication ; Education ; Library economy ; Literature ; Public libraries. Library catalogs. See also Bibliography; Cataloging. Refer from Bibliography ; Books and read- ing ; Catalogs ; Finding lists. Library economy. See Libraries. License system. See Temperance. Lichens. Refer from Botany ; Cryptogams ; Mosses. Liens. Refer from Law ; Property. Life. See Biology ; Christian life ; Conduct of life; Death; Ethics; Future life; Hygiene ; Longevity ; Man ; Philosophy. Life-boats. Refer from Boating ; Life-saving ; Navi- gation; Shipwrecks. Life-insurance. See Insurance. Life-saving. See also Accidents ; Beacons ; Drowning ; Fires ; Life-boats ; Light- houses ; Lightning conductors ; Ship- wrecks. Refer from Accidents ; Drowning ; Ship- wrecks. Light. See also Blind; Color; Color-blind- 106 Lig-Litj LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS ness ; Electric light ; Eye ; Kaleidoscope ; Lighting ; Magic lantern ; Microscope ; Optical instruments ; Perspective ; Phos- phorescence ; Photography ; Polariscope ; Radiation ; Rainbow ; Sight ; Spectacles ; Spectrum ; Stereoscope ; Sun ; Telescope ; X rays ; Zodiacal light. Refer from Color ; Eye ; Optics ; Physics ; Radiation; Senses. Lighthouses. Refer from Beacons ; Life-saving ; Navi- gation. Lighting. See also Candles; Electric light; Gas ; Lamps ; Oil. Refer from Illumination ; Light. Lightning. See also Electricity ; Lightning conductors ; Thunder-storms. Refer from Electricity ; Meteorology ; Thunder-storms. Lightning conductors. Refer from Life-saving ; Lightning. Limes. See Cement. Limitations (in law) . Refer from Law. 4/Linen. See also Fibres ; Flax ; Hemp ; Tex- tile fabrics. Refer from Flax ; Textile fabrics. Linguistics. See Language. Liquids. See also Fluids; Hydraulic engi- neering. Refer from Fluids ; Mechanics ; Physics. Liquors. See also Alcohol ; Ale ; Beer ; Brandy ; Brewing ; Distillation ; Fer- mentation ; Temperance ; Wine. Refer from Alcohol ; Beverages ; Distil- lation ; Drinks ; Food ; Manufactures ; Spirituous liquors ; Stimulants and nar- cotics; Temperance; Wine. Litanies. See also Liturgies. Refer from Liturgies; Prayers; Worship. Literary history. See Bibliography ; Litera- ture. Literary men. See Authors ; Students. Literary property. See Copyright. Literary societies. [Here state method of / entry of societies.] literature. See also Anagrams ; Anecdotes ; Authors; Authorship; Ballads; Bestia- ries ; Bibliography ; Books and reading ; Bookselling ; -Chap-books ; Children's literature ; Classical literature ; Common- place books ; Copyright ; Criticism ^ Dialogues; Drama; Emblems; Epi- 107 Lit-Loc] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS grams ; Epitaphs ; Essays ; Fables ; Fairy tales ; Fiction ; Folk-lore ; Hymns ; Inscriptions ; Journalism ; Language ; Legends ; Letters ; Libraries ; Manu- scripts ; Maxims ; Mottoes ; Newspapers ; Orations; Parody; Periodicals; Poetry; Printing ; Prose ; Proverbs ; Quotations ; Readers and speakers ; Renaissance ; Rhetoric ; Riddles ; Romances ; Roman- ticism ; Sagas ; Satire ; Sermons ; Tracts ; Wit and humor. [See also the report of the Committee on an index to subject headings at the Chicago conference, L.j. 18: C79 ; also Appendix G.] Refer from Authors ; Belles-lettres ; Bibli- ography ; Books and reading ; Criticism ; Language ; Literary history ; Poetry ; Prose. Lithography. See also Chromolithography. Refer from Arts, fine ; . Chromolithog- raphy ; Engraving. Lithology. Sez Rocks. Liturgies. See also Burial service ; Hymns ; Litanies ; Missals ; Prayers ; Responsive worship ; Rites and ceremonies ; Ritual- ism ; also names of churches. Refer from Catholic church ; Church ser- vices ; Devotional exercises ; Litanies ; Prayers ; Religious services ; Responsive worship ; Rites and ceremonies ; Service- books ; Worship. Live stock. See Cattle ; Domestic animals ; Hog ; Horse ; Poultry ; Sheep. Liver. See also Bilious fever. Refer from Abdomen ; Anatomy ; Bilious fever ; Viscera. Lives. See Biography ; also names of indi- viduals and classes of persons. Loan associations. See Building associations. Loans. See also Finance ; Investments ; Repudiation. Refer from Commerce ; Finance ; Invest- ments. Local government. See also Boroughs ; County officers ; Gilds ; Municipal gov- ernment ; Towns ; Village communities ; Villages. Refer from Cities ; Municipal govern- ment ; Political science ; Town-meeting ; Towns ; Village communities. Lockjaw. Refer from Medicine, practice of; Mouth ; Tetanus. 108 Loc-Lov] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Lockouts. See Strikes and lockouts. Locks. See also Keys. Refer from Hardware ; Keys. Locomotion. See also Aerial navigation ; Animal locomotion ; Canals ; Canoeing ; Carriages ; Coaching ; Cycling ; Flight ; Horsemanship ; Navigation ; Railroads ; Roads ; Rowing ; Running ; Skating ; Transportation ; Travel ; Walking ; Yachting. Refer from Motion. Locomotives. See also Railroads ; Steam- engine. Refer from Engines ; Machinery ; Motors ; * Railroads ; Steam-engine. "^Logarithms. See also Trigonometry. Refer from Mathematics ; Tables ; Trigo- ,, nometry. KLogic. See also Certainty ; Evidence ; Fal- lacies ; Probabilities. Refer from Evidence ; Fallacies ; Intellect ; Philosophy; Probabilities; Proof; Psy- chology ; Reason ; Science ; Thinking ; Thought. ''Longevity. See also Old age ; Vital statistics. Refer from Age ; Biology ; Hygiene ; Life ; Man ; Old age ; Pathology ; Physiology. Longitude. Refer from Astronomy ; Earth ; Geog- raphy ; Nautical astronomy ; Naviga- tion. Looking-glasses. See Mirrors. Lord's prayer. Refer from Bible ; Devotional exercises ; Prayer ; Prayers ; Theology. Lord's supper. See also Church member- ship ; Close communion ; Jesus Christ ; Mass ; Passover ; Sacraments ; Transub- stantiation. Refer from Altars ; Church antiquities ; Church membership ; Church polity ; Close communion ; Communion ; Con- firmation ; Devotional exercises ; Eucha- rist; Jesus Christ; Mass; Passover; Protestant episcopal church in the U. S. ; Real presence ; Sacraments; Theol- ogy ; Transubstantiation. Lotteries. See also Probabilities. Refer from Ethics ; Gambling. Love. See also Charity ; Courtship; Friend- ship ; Marriage ; Mothers. Refer from Charity ; Courtship ; Ethics ; 109 Lov-Mag] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Friendship ; Marriage ; Passions ; Theol- ogy ; Woman. Loyalists, American. See American loyal- ists. / Lumberkg. See also Forestry ; Timber. Refer from Forestry; Timber; Trees. Lunacy, See Insanity. Lungs. See also Breathing ; Consumption ; Pneumonia. Refer from Anatomy ; Breathing ; Chest ; Consumption ; Pneumonia. Luxury. See also Wealth. Refer from Wealth. Lycanthropy. See Werwolves. Lyceums. See also Lecturing. Refer from Education ; Lecturing. Lying. See also Truth. Refer from Ethics ; Truth. Lynch law. Refer from Law ; Mobs. Lyric poetry. See also Ballads ; Hymns ; Minnesingers ; Odes. Refer from Ballads ; Odes ; Poetry ; Songs. /Machinery. See also Agricultural machinery ; Belting ; Cranes ; Electric engineering ; Engineering ; Engines ; Friction ; Gear- ing ; Hydraulic engineering ; Inventions ; Locomotives ; Manufactures ; Mechanical drawing ; Mechanics ; Mills ; Mines and mining ; Motors ; Patents ; Pumps ; Rail- roads ; Steam-engine ; Technical educa- tion ; Timekeepers ; Tools ; Turning ; Water-wheels ; Wheels ; Windmills. Refer from Arts, useful ; Engineering ; Instruments ; Labor ; Manual training ; Manufactures ; Mechanical engineering ; Mechanics ; Mills ; Motors ; Power ; Steam-engine ; Tools ; Wheels. Madness. See Insanity. Madonna. See Mary, virgin. Magazines. See Periodicals. Magic. See Conjuring; Occult sciences; Witchcraft. Magic lantern. Refer from Light ; Optical instruments ; Projecting ; Stereopticon. Magistrates. See also Judges ; Justices of the peace ; Monarchy. ^ Refer from Law ; Political science. Magnetic needle. See Compass. Magnetism. See also Animal magnetism ; Compass ; Electricity ; Electromagnets. Refer from Electricity ; Physics. no Mah-Man] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Mahommedanism. See Mohammedanism. Mail. See Post-office. Maize. Refer from Agriculture ; Corn, Indian ; Indian corn. Majolica. See also Pottery. Refer from Pottery. Malacology. See Mollusks. Malaria. See also Malarial fever. Refer from Medicine ; Pathology. Malarial fever. Refer from Ague ; Fever ; Malaria. Malpractice. Refer from Medical jurisprudence ; Medi- cine, practice of. Malt. See Beer ; Brewing. Malta, knights of. Refer from Chivalry ; Hospitallers ; Knights hospitallers ; Knights of Malta ; Knights of St. John ; Secret societies. ^Mammals. See also Apes ; Cat ; Dog ; Do- mestic animals ; Gorilla ; Horse ; Man ; Menageries ; Monkeys ; Quadrupeds ; Seal ; Vertebrates ; Zoology. Refer from Quadrupeds ; Vertebrates ; / Zoology. 'Man. See also Anatomy ; Anthropometry ; Archaeology ; Cannibalism ; Civilization ; Color of man ; Creation ; Dwarfs ; Ethics ; Ethnology ; Evolution ; Family ; Folk- lore ; Future life ; Giants ; Heredity ; History ; Hygiene ; Longevity ; Manners and customs ; Monsters ; Paleontology ; Phrenology ; Physiognomy ; Physiology ; Psychology; Religion; Salvation; Sex; Sociology ; Soul ; Vital statistics ; Woman ; also names of races. Refer from Anthropology ; Archaeology ; Civilization ; Creation ; Ethnology ; Evo- lution ; Geology ; Human race ; Life ; Mammals ; Natural history ; Philosophy ; Physiology ; Science ; Sociology ; Zool- ogy- Mandamus. Refer from Law. Manly exercises. See Gymnastics ; Physical education ; Sports. Manners. See Etiquette. ^Manners and customs. See also Archaeol- ogy ; Burial; Cannibalism; Caste; Cos- tume ; Drinking customs ; Dueling ; Eat- ing; Etiquette; Folk-lore; Funerals; Man-Mar] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Kissing; Marriage; Punishment; Rites and ceremonies ; Tattooing ; Toasts. Refer from Archaeology; Ceremonies; Customs ; Ethics ; Folk-lore ; Man ; Soci- , ology; Usages. VManual training. See also Carpentry ; Draw- ing ; Machinery ; Sloyd ; Technical edu- cation ; Wood-carving. Refer from Arts, useful ; Education ; In- dustrial education ; Technical education. Manufactures. See also Arts, useful ; Bev- erages ; Bricks ; Cables ; Candles ; Car- riages ; Cars ; Chains ; Clocks and watches ; Clothing ; Commerce ; Con- fectionery ; Cutlery ; Factories ; Factory system ; Flour ; Fuel ; Furniture ; Gas ; Glass ; Glue ; Gutta-percha ; Hardware ; Harness; Hats; Hosiery; India-rubber; Labor ; Lace ; Leather ; Liquors ; Machin- ery ; Metal-work ; Metals ; Mills ; Needle- work ; Paper ; Patents ; Perfumery ; Pot- tery ; Prices ; Receipts ; Rope ; Soap ; Shoes ; Stationery ; Textile fabrics ; Timekeepers ; Trade-marks ; Woodwork. Refer from Arts, useful ; Business ; Com- merce ; Economics ; Industrial arts ; Machinery ; Mills ; Technology ; Useful arts. Manures. See also Agricultural chemistry; Fertilizers ; Peat ; Phosphates. Refer from Agricultural chemistry ; Agri- culture ; Fertilizers. Manuscripts. See also Abbreviations ; Illumi- nation ; Inscriptions ; Writing. Refer from Bibliography ; Books and read- ing ; Diplomatics ; Inscriptions ; Litera- ture ; Paleography ; Writing. Map drawing. See also Topographical draw- ing. Refer from Drawing; Geography; Maps; Topographical drawing. Maps. See also Atlases ; Globes ; Map draw- ing; also names of countries, etc. Refer from Atlases ; Cartography ; Charts ; Geography. Marbling. Refer from Bookbinding ; Painting, me- chanical ; Paper. Marine architecture. See Ship-building. Marine insurance. See Insurance. Marine plants. See Algae. Marine surveying. See Nautical surveying. Marine zoology. See also Aquarium ; Crus- Mar-Mas] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS tacea ; Dredging ; Fish ; Mollusks ; Ocean ; Seal ; Seashore. Refer from Aquatic animals ; Dredging ; Ocean ; Seashore ; Zoology. Mariner's compass. See Compass. Mariolatry. See Immaculate conception ; Mary, virgin. Maritime law. See also Admiralty; Insur- ance ; International law ; Law, and the references under that subject ; Mutiny ; Prizes. Refer from Admiralty; Commercial law; International law ; Law. Maritime surveying. See Nautical survey- ing. Market gardening. See Agriculture ; Gar- dening; Vegetables. Markets. Refer from Cities ; Commerce ; Food. * / Marriage. See also Adultery ; Celibacy ; Chastity ; Consanguinity ; Courtship ; Divorce ; Family ; Husbands ; Love ; Polygamy ; Wives ; Woman. Refer from Archaeology ; Church antiqui- ties ; Church law ; Consanguinity ; Court- ship ; Divorce ; Domestic relations ; Ethics ; Etiquette ; Family ; Husband and wife ; Husbands ; Law ; Love ; Manners and customs ; Matrimony ; Polygamy ; Rites and ceremonies ; Sac- raments ; Sociology ; Weddings ; Wives ; Woman ; Woman, Law. Martial law. See also Habeas corpus ; Mili- tary law. Refer from Habeas corpus ; Law ; Military art and science ; Military law ; War. Martyrs. See also Christian biography ; In- quisition ; Persecution ; Saints. Refer from Christian biography ; Church history ; Church of England ; Heresy ; Heroes ; Inquisition ; Persecution. Mary, virgin. See also Christian art; Im- maculate conception ; Jesus Christ. Refer from Catholic church ; Immaculate conception ; Jesus Christ ; Legends ; Madonna ; Mariolatry ; Miracles ; Virgin Mary. Masks (for the face) . Refer from Costume. Masks (plays). Refer from Drama ; Masques ; Theatre. Masonry. See also Arches ; Bricks ; Bridges ; Cement ; Concrete ; Foundations ; Plas- "3 Mas-Mat] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS tering; Stone; Strength of materials; Vaulting; Walls. Refer from Architecture; Arts, useful; Bricks; Bridges; Building; Engineer- ing; Foundations; Stone; Strength of materials ; Walls. Masons. See Freemasonry. Masquerades. Refer from Amusements ; Balls (parties). Masques. See Masks. Mass. See also Lord's supper ; Masses ; Transubstantiation. Refer from Altars ; Catholic church ; Lord's supper ; Rites and ceremonies ; The- ology ; Transubstantiation. Massacres. Refer from Battles ; History ; Persecution. Massage. Refer from Therapeutics. Masses (music). Refer from Church music ; Mass ; Music. Master and servant. See also Apprentices ; Servants. Refer from Domestic relations ; Law ; Servants. Materia medica. See also Drugs ; Pharmacy ; Therapeutics. Refer from Drugs ; Medicine ; Pharmacy ; Therapeutics. Materialism. See also Evolution ; Rational- ism ; Soul. Refer from Atheism ; Matter ; Philosophy ; Skepticism ; Theology. Materials, strength of. See Strength of ma- terials. Maternity. See Mothers. Mathematical drawing. See Geometrical drawing ; Mechanical drawing. Mathematical instruments. See also Arith- metical instruments ; Calculating ma- chines. Refer from Instruments: Mathematics. / v^ - / ** VMathematics. See also Algebra ; Arithme- tic ; *Astronomy ; Axioms ; Calculating machines ; Calculus ; Conic sections ; Engineering ; Equations ; Geodesy ; ''Geometry ; Logarithms ; Mathematical instruments ; Mechanics ; Mensuration ; Metric system ; Navigation ; Numbers ; Numerals ; Physics ; Probabilities ; Quaternions ; Surveying ; Trigonometry. Refer from Algebra ; Conic sections ; Geometry ; Science ; Trigonometry. 114 Mat-Med] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Matrimony. See Marriage. Matter. See also Atoms ; Materialism ; Molecules ; Physics. Refer from Dynamics ; Mechanics ; Phi- losophy; Physics. Maxims. See also Epigrams ; Proverbs ; Quotations. Refer from Adages ; Aphorisms ; Apo- thegms ; Epigrams ; Laconics ; Litera- ture ; Proverbs ; Quotations ; Sayings. Meals. See Dining; Eating; Food. Measures. See Mensuration; Weights and measures. Meat. See also Animal food. Refer from Animal food ; Food. Mechanic arts. See Arts, useful. Mechanical drawing. See also Architect- ural drawing ; Geometrical drawing ; Graphics ; Projection. Refer from Drawing ; Engineering ; Geo- metrical drawing; Graphics; Industrial drawing ; Machinery ; Mathematical draw- ing; Pattern-making. Mechanical engineering. See Engineering; Machinery ; Mechanics. Mechanics. See also Aerial navigation ; Engineering ; Fluids ; Force ; Friction ; Gases ; Hydraulic engineering ; Liquids ; Machinery ; Matter ; Motion ; Motors ; Perpetual motion ; Physics ; Power ; Statics ; Steam-engine ; Strength of materials. Refer from Arts, useful ; Dynamics ; Engineering ; Fluids ; Force ; Hydrau- lics ; Hydrodynamics ; Hydromechanics ; Hydrostatics ; Kinematics ; Kinetics ; Machinery ; Mathematics ; Mechanical engineering ; Motion ; Physics ; Power ; Statics. Mechanics (persons). Refer from Biography. Medals. See Coins and medals. Medical botany. Refer from Botany. Medical chemistry. Refer from Chemistry. Medical education. Refer from Colleges and universities; Education ; Medical schools. Medical electricity. Refer from Electricity ; Electrotherapeu- tics ; Therapeutics. Medical jurisprudence. See also Autopsy; Med-Mem] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Infanticide ; Insanity ; Malpractice ; Poi- sons ; Suicide. Refer from Insanity ; Law ; Poisons. Medical schools. See Medical education. /Medicine. See also Accidents ; Allopathy ; Anatomy ; Anesthetics ; Animal mag- netism ; Antiseptics ; Asylums ; Autopsy ; Bacteria ; Contagion ; Diagnosis ; Germ theory ; Heredity ; Histology ; Home- opathy ; Hospitals ; Hydropathy ; Hy- giene ; Hygiene, public; Inoculation; Invalids ; Malaria ; Materia medica ; Medical ; Microscope ; Military hygiene ; Mind and body ; Naval hygiene ; Nurses and nursing ; Pathology ; Pharmacy ; Physicians ; Physiology ; Poisons ; Quacks and quackery ; Stimulants and narcotics ; Surgery ; Therapeutics ; Vaccination ; Veterinary medicine-; Woman, Dis- eases. Refer from Arts, useful ; Homeopathy ; Hygiene ; Pathology ; Physiology ; Sci- ence ; Surgery ; Therapeutics ; Woman, Diseases. Medicine, practice of. See also Apoplexy; Asthma ; Black death ; Bronchitis ; Can- cer ; Catarrh ; Chicken pox ; Children, Diseases ; Cholera ; Clinical medicine ; Cold ; Consumption ; Croup ; Deafness ; Dyspepsia ; Hay-fever ; Headache ; Heat- stroke ; Hysteria ; Idiocy ; Influenza ; In- sanity ; Insomnia ; Lockjaw ; Malpractice ; Nervous system ; Neuralgia ; Nurses and nursing ; Paralysis ; Parasites ; Plague ; Pneumonia; Rheumatism; Scarlatina; Scarlet fever ; Seasickness ; Smallpox ; Somnambulism ; Sore throat ; Surgery ; Teeth ; Therapeutics ; Tumors ; Vario- loid ; Voice ; Woman, Diseases. Medieval art, geography, etc. See Art, Geography, etc., under which subdivi- sions may be made if necessary. Medieval history. See Middle ages. Meditations. See Devotional exercises. Memoirs. See Biography; also names of individuals. Memorial day. Refer from Decoration day ; Holidays. Memory. Refer from Education; Intellect; Mental discipline ; Mnemonics ; Philosophy ; Psychology ; Teaching. 116 Men-Met] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Menageries. Refer from Mammals ; Zoological gardens ; Zoology. Mendicity. See Begging. ^Mensuration. See also Gaging; Geodesy; Metric system ; Surveying ; Weights and measures. Refer from Arithmetic; Engineering; Geometry ; Mathematics ; Measures ; Metrology ; Trigonometry ; Weights and measures. Mental arithmetic. 6V* Arithmetic. Mental discipline. See Education ; Memory. /Mental diseases. See Brain; Idiocy; Illu- L jimisMnsanityT^^ _T7ien ^Mental philosophy. See Philosophy; Psy- chology. Mental physiology. See Mind and body. Mental suggestion. See Animal magnetism ; Hypnotism. Mercantile law. See Commercial law. Merchandise. See Commerce. Merchants. See also Business ; Commerce ; Commercial law; Commercial travelers. Refer from Biography ; Business ; Com- merce. Mercury. Refer from Amalgamation ; Metals ; Mines and mining ; Quicksilver. Mesmerism. .feg^Animal magnetising Hyp- notism. Messiah. See also Jesus Christ. Jlefer from Jews. . ^Metal-work. See also Brasses ; Bronzes ; Cutlery ; Goldsmithing ; Hardware ; Ironwork ; Jewelry ; Plate ; Plating ; Silversmithing ; Soldering. Refer from Architecture; Arts, fine; Arts, useful ; Decoration and ornament ; Hardware ; Manufactures ; Metals. Metallurgy. See Metals. Metals. See also Alchemy ; Alloys ; Amalga- mation ; Annealing ; Assaying ; Blowpipe ; Brass ; Bronze ; Casting ; Chemistry ; Electrometallurgy ; Gold : Hardware ; Iron ; Lead ; Mercury ; * Metal-work ; Mineralogy ; Mines and mining ; Pattern- making ; Precious metals ; Silver ; Steel ; Wire. Refer from Arts, useful ; Assaying ; Chem- istry ; Geology ; Manufactures ; Metal- lurgy ; Mineralogy ; Mines and mining ; Ores ; Smelting. 117 Met-Mil] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Metaphor. See also Rhetoric. Refer from Rhetoric. Metaphysics. See Philosophy; Psychology. Metempsychosis. See Transmigration. Meteorites. See Meteors. V Meteorology. See also Air ; Aurora ; Barom- eter; Climate; Clouds; Cold; Dew; Electricity; Evaporation; Fog; Frost; Hail; Heat; Ice; Lightning; Meteors; Ocean ; Physical geography ; Rain ; Rainbow ; Seasons ; Snow ; Storms ; Temperature ; Thermometer ; Thunder- storms ; Waterspouts ; Weather ; Winds. Refer from Air ; Atmosphere ; Climate ; Clouds ; Earth ; Physical geography ; Physics; Rain; Science; Sky; Water; Weather ; Winds. Meteors. Refer from Aerolites ; Astronomy ; Fall- ing stars ; Meteorites ; Meteorology ; Shooting-stars ; Stars. j~- Methodism. See also Episcopacy. jlkLJUbsv-CvQ *** W-^-fi^^Mx-A Refer from Church polity ; Episcopacy. ( Methodist episcopal church. Refer from Episcopal church ; Sects ; Wesleyans. Metre. See also Poetry ; Prosody ; Versifi- cation. Refer from Poetry ; Prosody ; Versification. Metric system. See also Decimal system ; Weights and measures. Refer from Arithmetic ; Decimal system ; Mathematics ; Mensuration ; Weights and measures. Metrology. See Mensuration ; Weights and measures. Microbes. See Bacteria; Fungi. Microphotography. See Photomicrography. %/Microscope. See also Photomicrography. Refer from Animalcules ; Botany ; Histol- ogy ; Light ; Medicine ; Natural history ; Optical instruments ; Science ; Zoology. i/Middle ages. See also Castles ; Chivalry ; Crusades; Feudalism; Inquisition; Mo- nasticism ; Renaissance. Refer from Archaeology ; Chivalry ; Church history; Crusades; Dark ages; Feudalism ; History ; History, medieval ; History, modern ; Medieval history ; Renaissance. Military architecture. See also Arsenals; Castles ; Fortification. Refer from Architecture, military; Cas- 118 Mil-Mil] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS ties ; Fortification ; Military art and science ; Military engineering. Military art and science. See also Ammu- nition ; Arms and armor ; Artillery ; Battles ; Bayonet ; Camps ; Cavalry ; Chariots ; Conscription ; Explosives ; Fencing ; Firearms ; Flags ; Fortifica- tion ; Gunnery ; Hospitals ; Infantry ; Martial law ; Military architecture ; Mili- tary biography; Military education; Military engineering; Military history; Military hygiene ; Military law ; Military surgery ; Militia ; Mutiny ; Naval art and science ; Ordnance ; Peace ; Projectiles ; Sieges ; Signals ; Soldiers ; Sword ; Tac- tics ; Tents ; Torpedoes. Refer from Army ; Artillery ; Cavalry ; Drill ; Fighting ; Infantry ; Ordnance ; Science ; Sieges ; Soldiers ; Strategy ; Tactics ; War. Military biography. See also Generals; Soldiers. Refer from Biography ; Generals ; Military art and science ; Military history ; Soldiers. Military education. Refer from Education ; Military art and science ; Military schools. Military engineering. See also Bridges ; En- gineering ; Fortification ; Military archi- tecture. Refer from Engineering ; Military art and science. Military history. See also Battles ; Military biography ; Naval history ; Sieges ; also names of countries, wars, battles, places besieged, generals, etc. Refer from History ; Military art and science. Military hygiene. See also Military surgery; Naval hygiene. Refer from Hygiene ; Medicine ; Military art and science. Military law. See also Courts martial ; Martial law. Refer from Courts martial ; Law ; Martial law ; Military art and science. Military schools. See Military education. Military surgery. See also Ambulances ; Amputation ; Naval surgery ; Wounds. Refer from Military art and science; Military hygiene ; Naval surgery ; Sur- gery. 119 Mil-Min] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Militia. See also names of states and countries. Refer from Military art and science. Milk. See also Butter ; Cheese ; Cow ; Dairy. Refer from Agriculture ; Beverages ; Cat- tle ; Cow ; Dairy ; Food. Millennium. See also Future life; Jesus Christ ; Second advent. Refer from Future life ; Jesus Christ ; Second advent; Theology. Millerites. See Second adventists. Millinery. See also Costume ; Hats ; Head- gear. Refer from Costume ; Hats ; Head-gear. Mills. See also Factories ; Machinery ; Manu- factures. Refer from Arts, useful ; Factories ; Ma- chinery ; Manufactures. yMind. See Intellect ; Psychology. v Mind /and body. See #/.ftm.nimal magnetism ; rorain ; Dreams ; i/Hypnotism ; Idiocy ; Insanity ; Nervous system ; ^Psychology ; Subconsciousness . Refer from Body and mind ; Brain ; Faith- cure ; Hygiene ; Insanity ; Medicine ; Mental physiology ; Mind-cure ; Nervous system ; Philosophy ; Physiology ; Psy- chology. Mind-cure. See Animal magnetism ; Chris- tian science ; Faith-cure ; Mind and body. Mind-reading. See also Animal magnetism ; Clairvoyance ; Hypnotism. Refer from Animal magnetism ; Clairvoy- ance ; Psychology ; Spiritualism ; Telep- athy ; Thought-transference. Mineralogy. See also Assaying ; Blowpipe ; Coal ; Crystallography ; Diamonds ; Gems ; Geology ; Metals ; Mines and mining; Precious stones ; Rocks ; Stone. Refer from Blowpipe ; Chemistry ; Crys- tallography ; Diamonds ; Geology ; Metals ; Mines and mining ; Natural history ; Ores ; Rocks ; Science. Mines and mining. See also Blasting ; Coal ; Engineering ; Explosives ; Gold ; Iron ; Lead ; Mercury ; Metals ; Mineralogy ; Silver; Tunnels; Ventilation. Refer from Arts, useful; Coal; Earth; Engineering ; Geology ; Gold ; Hydraulic engineering ; Iron ; Machinery ; Metals ; Mineralogy ; Mining ; Ores ; Quarrying ; Silver. (L-ls O-UJk.-JL-o 120 Min-Mod] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Miniature painting. Refer from Arts, fine ; Painting ; Portrait painting. Mining. See Mines and mining. Ministers (of the gospel) . See also Christian biography ; Clergy ; Curates ; Mission- aries ; Ordination ; Preachers ; Preach- ing; Priests. Refer from Biography ; Christian biog- raphy ; Church polity ; Clergy ; Parsons ; Pastors ; Preachers ; Priests ; Rectors. Ministers (of state). See also Ambassadors ; Chancellors; Diplomacy; International law; Prime ministers ; Treaties. Refer from Biography. Minnesingers. Refer from Bards ; Lyric poetry ; Min- strels ; Poetry ; Poets. Minorities. Refer from Election (in politics) ; Political science ; Representation. Minstrels. See also Bards ; Minnesingers ; Troubadours ; Trouveres. Refer from Bards ; Poets. Mint. See U. S., Mint ; also names of other countries. Miracle-plays. See also Drama.. Refer from Drama ; Morality-plays ; Mys- teries (dramatic) ; Passion-play ; Theatre. Miracles. See also Jesus Christ ; Mary, virgin ; Relics ; Saints ; Spiritualism. Refer from Bible ; Catholic church ; Chris- tianity ; Church history ; Jesus Christ ; Relics ; Religion ; Supernatural ; The- ology. Mirrors. Refer from Furniture ; Looking-glasses. Missals. Refer from Catholic church ; Liturgies. Missionaries. Refer from Biography; Christian biog- raphy; Evangelists; Heroes; Ministers (of the gospel). " Missions. See also Conversion; Revivals; Tract societies. Refer from Catholic church ; Christianity ; Church history ; Conversion ; Foreign missions ; Home missions ; Religion ; Theology. Mistakes. See Blunders. Mnemonics. See Memory. Mobs. See Lynch law ; Riots. Modern art, geography, history, etc. See 121 Mod-Mon] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Art, Geography, History, etc., under which subdivisions may be made if neces- sary. Mohammedanism. See also Dervishes; Koran. Refer from Islam ; Koran ; Mahommedan- ism ; Polygamy ; Religions. Molding. See Casting. Molecules. See also Atoms ; Chemistry ; Physics. Refer from Atoms ; Chemistry ; Matter ; Physics. Mollusks. See also Oyster ; Pearls. Refer from Conchology ; Invertebrates ; Malacology ; Marine zoology ; Shells ; Zoology. Monarchy. See also Coronations ; Democ- racy ; Despotism ; Emperors ; Kings ; Queens ; Tyranny. Refer from Democracy ; Executive power ; Kings ; Magistrates ; Political science ; Princes ; Queens ; Royalty ; Rulers ; Sovereigns. Monasteries. See also Abbeys; Convents; Monasticism ; Nunneries. Refer from Catholic church ; Convents ; / Monasticism. Monasticism. See also Asceticism ; Bene- dictines ; Brotherhoods ; Buddhism ; Capuchins ; Carthusians ; Celibacy ; Cis- tercians ; Convents ; Dominicans ; Fran- ciscans; Jesuits; Monasteries; Nun- neries ; Nuns ; Sisterhoods. Refer from Abbeys ; Asceticism ; Brother- hoods ; Catholic church ; Christian biog- raphy ; Christian life ; Church history ; Church polity ; Convents ; Friars ; Middle ages ; Monasteries ; Monks ; Nunneries ; Orders, monastic ; Religion ; Religious / orders ; Sisterhoods. ^^loney. See also Bank notes ; Banks and banking ; Bimetallism ; Business ; Capi- tal ; Coins and medals ; Commerce ; Counterfeits ; Credit ; Decimal system ; Exchange ; Finance ; Free coinage ; Gold; Greenbacks; Interest; Invest- ments; Legal tender; Paper money; Prices ; Silver ; Stock exchange ; Wealth. Refer from Banks and banking ; Bills of credit ; Bills of exchange ; Bimetallism ; Bullion ; Business ; Capital ; Coinage ; Coins and medals ; Commerce ; Counter- feits ; Credit ; Currency ; Economics ; 122 Mon-Mor] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Exchange ; Finance ; Free coinage ; Gold ; Legal tender ; Paper money ; Pre- cious metals ; Silver ; Specie ; Stock ex- change ; Value ; Wealth. Monkeys. See also Apes ; Gorilla. Refer from Apes ; Mammals ; Zoology. Monks. See Hermits ; Monasticism. Monograms. See also Alphabets. Refer from Alphabets ; Decoration and ornament. ^'Monopolies. See also Capital ; Competition ; Grangers ; Trusts. Refer from Capital ; Commerce ; Compe- tition ; Economics ; Trusts. Monotheism. Refer from God ; Theology. Monroe doctrine. Refer from International law. Monsters. See also Dwarfs ; Giants. Refer from Deformities; Man; Monstros- ities ; Physiology ; Zoology. .. ... c Monstrosities. See Monsters. Months. See also Seasons ; Year ; also names of months. Refer from Year. Monuments. See also Archaeology; Arches of triumph; Brasses; Inscriptions; Obelisks ; Pyramids ; Sculpture ; Tombs ; Tombstones. Refer from Archaeology ; Burial ; Sculpt- ure. Moon. See also Eclipses ; Tides. Refer from Astronomy ; Eclipses ; Planets. Moot courts. Refer from Courts ; Law. Moraines. See also Boulders ; Glaciers. Refer from Boulders; Geology; Glaciers; Physical geography. i^Moral education. See also Religious educa- tion. Refer from Education; Ethics; Religious education. Moral philosophy. See Ethics. Morality-plays. See Miracle-plays. Moravians. Refer from Sects ; United brethren. Mormonism. Refer from Latter-day saints; Polygamy; Religions ; Sects. Morphia. See also Opium. Refer from Opium; Stimulants and nar- cotics. Mor-Mou] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Morphology. See also Anatomy ; Embry- ology ; Histology. Refer from Physiology. Mortality. Refer from Death rate ; Vital statistics. Mortar. See Cement. Mortgages. Refer from Contracts ; Investments ; Law ; Negotiable instruments ; Property ; Real property; Securities. Mosaics. Refer from Arts, fine ; Decoration and ornament ; Floors ; Pavements ; Wall decoration. Mosses. See also Algae ; Lichens. Refer from Botany ; Bryology ; Crypto- gams. Mothers. See also Children. Refer from Children ; Family ; Love ; Maternity ; Parents ; Wives ; Woman. Moths. See also Caterpillars ; Lepidoptera. Refer from Insects ; Lepidoptera. Motion. See also Force ; Locomotion ; Me- chanics ; Motors ; Perpetual motion. Refer from Dynamics ; Kinematics ; Ki- netics ; Mechanics ; Physics. Motors. See also Compressed air ; Dynamos ; Electric motors ; Engines ; Locomo- tives ; Machinery ; Steam-engine ; Water- wheels ; Windmills. Refer from Machinery ; Mechanics ; Mo- tion ; Physics ; Power. Mottoes. See also Devices. Refer from Devices ; Literature. Mould. See also Fungi. Refer from Fungi. Moulding. See Casting. {/Mound- builders. See also Indians; U. S., Antiquities. Refer from Archaeology ; Ethnology ; In- dians of North America. Mounds. See also Shell mounds. Refer from Archaeology ; Barrows ; Burial ; Tombs ; Tumuli. Mountaineering. See also Alpine clubs. Refer from Alpine clubs ; Mountains ; Sports. Mountains. See also Alpine clubs ; Alpine plants ; Alpine zoology ; Avalanches ; Geology ; Mountaineering ; Physical geography ; Volcanoes ; also names of mountains. Refer, from Geology ; Physical geography, 124 Mou-Mus] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Mouth. See also Lockjaw ; Teeth. Refer from Anatomy ; Face ; Head. Mummies. See also Embalming. Refer from Archaeology ; Burial ; Em- balming. Municipal corporations. See also Municipal government ; Towns. Refer from Corporations ; Law ; Municipal government ; Municipal law. * Municipal government. See also Cities; Local government ; Municipal corpora- tions. Refer from Cities; Local government; Municipal corporations ; Political science ; Towns. Municipal law. See Law ; Municipal cor- porations. Mural decoration. See Wall decoration. Murder. See also Assassination; Infanti- cide ; Poisons ; Suicide ; Treason ; Trials. Refer from Assassination ; Criminal law ; Death ; Homicide ; Law. Museums. See also Art galleries ; Botanical museums ; Exhibitions ; also names of museums. Refer from Exhibitions. Mushrooms. See also Fungi. Refer from Food ; Fungi ; Toadstools. ' Music. See also Anthems ; Cantatas ; Car- ols ; Chanting ; Chants ; Church music ; Composition ; Concerts ; Counterpoint^ Duets ; Glees ; Harmony ; Hymns ; |x fn- strumental music; Instrumentation; Masses ; Musical education ; Musical instruments ; Musicians ; National songs ; Opera ; Oratorio ; School music ; Sing- ing ; ^Songs ; Sound ; Symphonies ; Refer from Amusements ; Arts, fine ; Com- position, musical ; Criticism ; Esthetics : Harmony; Instrumental music; Singing; Sound ; Vocal music ; Voice. Musical education. See also Voice. Refer from Education ; Music. /^Musical instruments. See also Instrumental music ; Instrumentation ; Orchestral music ; Organ ; Pianoforte ; Tuning ; Violin. Refer from Instrumental music ; ^Instru- ments ; Music. Musicians. See also Pianists ; Singers. Refer from Artists ; Authors ; Biography ; Composers; Music. CL*-okxx~yj - 135 . J j (I ; &nujv fi J(X~^ Mut-Nat] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Mutiny. Refer from Criminal law ; Law ; Maritime law ; Military art and science. Mutual benefit societies. See Friendly societies. Mycology. See Fungi. Mysteries (dramatic). See Miracle-plays. Mysteries (religious) . See also Mythology. Refer from Mythology ; Religion. Mysticism. See also Rosicrucians. Refer from Philosophy ; Religion ; The- / ology. Y Mythology. See also Animals, legends and stories of; Animals, worship of; Ar- chaeology ; Argonauts ; Aryans ; Classical dictionaries ; Fairy tales ; Fauns ; Folk- lore ; Indians ; Legends ; Mysteries ; Re- ligions ; Sagas ; Superstition ; Totems. Refer from Archaeology ; Classical an- tiquities ; Ethnology ; Folk-lore ; God ; Heroes ; Legends ; Mysteries (religious) ; Religion ; Religions ; Superstition. Names (geographical). Refer from Etymology ; Geographical names ; Geography ; Language. Names (personal) . See also Nicknames ; Pseudonyms. Refer from Etymology ; Language ; Proper names ; Surnames. Narcotics. See Stimulants and narcotics. Nasal passages. See Nose. National banks. See Banks. ^National songs. See also Folk-songs< Refer from Folk-songs ; Music ,Voongs. Nationalism. See Socialism. Nations, law of. See International law. Natural history. See also Aquarium ; Biol- ogy ; Botany ; Chemistry ; Classification ; Evolution ; Geology ; Hunting ; Man ; Microscope ; Mineralogy ; Naturalists ; Nature; Nature study; Ocean; Paleon- tology; Physical geography; Physics; Science ; Taxidermy ; Zoology. Refer from Biology ; Botany ; History, natural ; Natural science ; Nature ; Out- door life ; Science ; Zoology. Natural philosophy. See Physics. Natural religion. See also Atheism; Chris- tianity ; Creation ; Deism ; Ethics ; Fut- ure life ; God ; Religion ; Religion and science ; Theology Refer from Atheism ; God'; Natural the- 126 Nat-Nav] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS ology ; Philosophy ; Religion ; Religion and science ; Theology. Natural science. See Natural history ; Physics ; Science. Natural selection. See Evolution. Natural theology. See Natural religion. Naturalists. See also Scientists. Refer from Authors ; Biography ; Natural history ; Scientists. Naturalization. See also Citizenship. Refer from Aliens ; Allegiance ; Citizen- ship; Immigration; International law; Suffrage. Nature. See also Earth; Natural history; Science. Refer from Natural history ; Philosophy ; Physical geography ; Science. I^Jature study. See also Object-teaching. Refer from Education ; Kindergarten ; Natural history; Object- teaching; Sci- ence ; Teaching. Nautical almanacs. Refer from Almanacs ; Astronomy ; Ephemerides ; Navigation. Nautical astronomy. See also Latitude ; Longitude ; Navigation. Refer from Astronomy ; Navigation. Nautical surveying. See also Navigation ; Surveying. Refer from Hydrography ; Marine sur- veying ; Maritime surveying ; Naviga- tion ; Surveying. Naval architecture. See Ship-building. Naval art and science. See also Armored vessels; Blockade; Naval artillery; Naval biography ; Naval history ; Naval hygiene ; Naval tactics ; Navigation ; Privateering ; Ship-building ; Submarine warfare ; Torpedoes. Refer from Fighting; Military art and science ; Naval warfare ; Navy ; Science ; Sea power ; Ships ; Strategy ; War. Naval artillery. Refer from Artillery ; Naval art and science ; Ordnance. Naval battles. See Naval history. Naval biography. See also Admirals ; Sailors. Refer from Admirals ; Biography ; Naval art and science ; Naval history ; Sailors. Naval history. See also Battles ; Buc- caneers ; Naval biography ; Navigation ; Pirates ; Privateering. Refer from History; Military history; 127 Nav-Neg] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Naval art and science; Naval battles; Navigation ; Sea power. Naval hygiene. See also Quarantine ; Sea- sickness. Refer from Hygiene ; Medicine ; Military hygiene ; Naval art and science. Naval surgery. See also Amputation ; Military surgery ; Wounds. Refer from Military surgery ; Surgery. Naval tactics. Refer from Naval art and science ; Tactics. Naval warfare. See Naval art and science. Navigation. See also Aerial navigation ; Beacons ; Boating ; Canals ; Canoeing ; Coast pilots ; Collisions ; Commerce ; Compass ; Harbors ; Inland navigation ; Knots ; Latitude ; Life-boats ; Light- houses ; Longitude ; Nautical almanacs ; Nautical astronomy ; Nautical surveying ; Naval history ; Ocean ; Pirates ; Row- ing ; Sailing ; Sailors ; Ship-building ; Ships ; Shipwrecks ; Signals ; Steam navigation ; Voyages and travels ; Yachting. Refer from Arts, useful ; Astronomy ; Boating ; Carriers ; Commerce ; Loco- motion ; Mathematics ; Nautical astron- omy ; Nautical surveying ; Naval art and science ; Naval history ; Ocean ; Sailing ; Seamanship ; Ships ; Steam navigation ; Trigonometry ; Vessels ; Yachting. Navy. See Naval art and science ; also (X O names of countries, subhead Navy. Nebute. Refer from Astronomy. Necessity. See also Liberty of the will ; Predestination. Refer from Liberty of the will ; Phi- losophy. Necromancy. See Conjuring; Witchcraft. Needlework. See also Dressmaking ; Em- broidery ; Fancy work ; Lace ; Sewing schools ; Tapestry. Refer from Arts, fine ; Domestic economy ; Dressmaking ; Embroidery ; Fancy work ; Lace ; Manufactures ; Sewing ; Woman. Negligence. Refer from Law. Negotiable instruments. See also Bonds ; Commercial law ; Exchange ; Interest ; Investments ; Mortgages ; Stocks. Refer from Commercial law ; Law. 128 Neg-Nob] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Negroes. See also African colonization ; Color of man ; Freedmen ; Slave-trade ; Slavery. Refer from Colored people ; Ethnology ; Freedmen ; Slavery. Nerves. / Refer from Anatomy ; Nervous system. ^ Nervous system (including diseases). See also Brain ; Headache ; Hysteria ; In- sanity ; Mind and body ; Nerves ; Neu- ralgia ; Spine ; Temperament. Refer from Anatomy ; Brain ; Insanity ; Medicine, practice of; Mind and body; Neurology ; Physiology ; Spine ; Tem- perament. Nestorians. Refer from Eastern churches ; Sects. Nests. See also Birds ; Eggs. Refer from Birds ; Zoology. Neuralgia. Refer from Medicine, practice of; Nervous system. Neurology. See Nervous system. Neutrality. See also Blockade ; Inter- national law. Refer from Blockade ; International law ; Law. New church. See New Jerusalem, church of the. New Jerusalem, church of the. Refer from New church ; Sects ; Sweden- borgianism. New-year. Refer from Holidays. r. Newspapers. See also Journalism ; Liberty of the press ; Periodicals. Refer from Journalism ; Literature ; Periodicals ; Press. Nicene creed. Refer from Church of England ; Creeds. Nicknames. See also Pseudonyms. Refer from Names (personal) ; Pseudo- nyms ; Sobriquets ; Soubriquets. Night. See also Dew ; Dreams ; Nightmare ; Sleep; Somnambulism. Refer from Days. Nightmare. See also Dreams. Refer from Dreams ; Incubus ; Night ; Sleep. Nihilism. See also Anarchy ; Russia. Refer from Anarchy ; Philosophy ; Politi- cal science ; Secret societies. Nobility. See Heraldry ; Peerage. 129 Noi-Nun] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Noise. See also Sound. Refer from Sound. Noms de plume. See Pseudonyms. Nonconformists. See also Church of Eng- land ; Dissenters ; Nonjurors ; Puritans. Refer from Christian biography ; Church of England ; Dissenters ; Puritans. Nonjurors. Refer from Church of England ; Dissenters ; Nonconformists ; Puritans. Nonresistance. See Peace. Normal schools. Refer from Education ; Schools ; Teachers. North American Indians. See Indians of North America. North pole. See also Arctic regions. Refer from Arctic regions ; Earth ; Polar regions. Northeast boundary of the U. S. Refer from Boundaries. Northeast passage. See also Arctic regions. Refer from Arctic regions. Northern lights. See Aurora. Northmen. See also America, Discovery; Scandinavia. Refer from Vikings. Northwest boundary of the U. S. Refer from Boundaries. Northwest passage. See also Arctic regions. Refer from Arctic regions. Nose. See also Catarrh ; Smell. Refer from Anatomy ; Breathing ; Face ; Head ; Nasal passages ; Smell. Novelists. Refer from Authors ; Fiction. Novels. See Fiction. Nuisance (law). Refer from Law. Nullification. See also State rights. Refer from Political science ; State rights. Numbers [theory of] . See also Arithmetic ; Numerals. Refer from Algebra ; Arithmetic ; Mathe- matics ; Numerals. Numerals [the signs and words] . See also Numbers. Refer from Arithmetic ; Mathematics ; Numbers. Numismatics. See Coins and medals. Nunneries. See also Abbeys ; Convents ; Monasticism ; Nuns. Refer from Catholic church ; Church history ; Convents ; Monasteries ; Monas- ticism ; Nuns ; Sisterhoods. 130 Nun-Ome] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Nuns. See also Nunneries. Refer front Monasticism ; Nunneries ; Sisterhoods ; Woman. Nurses and nursing. See also Accidents ; Diet ; Hospitals. Refer fro? i Hospitals ; Hygiene ; Invalids ; Medicine ; Medicine, practice of; Thera- peutics ; Woman. Oaths. See also Swearing. Refer from Ethics ; Political science ; Swearing. Obelisks. Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Monuments. Obesity. See Corpulence. Object-teaching. See also Kindergarten ; Nature study. Refer from Education ; Kindergarten ; Nature study ; Teaching. Occult sciences. See also Alchemy ; Astrol- ogy ; Divination ; Second sight ; Spirit- ualism ; Theosophy ; Witchcraft. Refer from Magic ; Superstition ; Witch- craft. Ocean. See also Algae ; Commerce ; Dredg- ing ; Marine zoology ; Naval ; Naviga- tion ; Phosphorescence ; Physical geog- raphy ; Seashore ; Seasickness ; Ships ; Shipwrecks ; Tides ; Voyages and travels ; Water ; Waves. Refer from Currents ; Dredging ; Marine zoology ; Meteorology ; Natural history ; Navigation ; Physical geography ; Sea ; Seashore ; Tides ; Water. Odd-fellows. Refer from Friendly societies ; Independ- ent order of odd-fellows ; Secret societies. Odes. See also Lyric poetry. Refer from Lyric poetry ; Poetry. >*\ i Odontology. See Teeth. Odors. See also Perfumery ; Smell. Refer from Flowers ; Perfumes. Office, tenure of. See Civil service. Oil. See also Lamps ; Petroleum. Refer from Fat ; Lighting. Oil-painting. See also Painting. Refer from Painting. Old age. See also Age ; Longevity ; Pen- sions. Refer from Age ; Longevity. Omens. See also Astrology ; Divination ; Oracles. Refer from Divination ; Presages ; Signs ; Superstition ; Warnings. Ont-Ord] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Ontology. See Being ; Philosophy. Oology. See Birds ; Eggs. ^/Opera. See also Amateur operas. Refer from Amusements ; Drama ; Music ; Theatre. Ophthalmia. See Eye. Opium. See also Morphia. Refer from Morphia ; Stimulants and narcotics ; Temperance. Optical instruments. See also Astronomi- cal instruments ; Kaleidoscope ; Magic lantern ; Microscope ; Polariscope ; Spec- tacles ; Spectrum ; Stereoscope ; Tele- scope. Refer from Instruments ; Light ; Optics ; Philosophical instruments. Optics. See Light ; Optical instruments. Oracles. Refer from Omens ; Prophecies ; Religion ; Superstition. Orations. See also Oratory. Refer from Addresses ; Elocution ; Liter- ature ; Oratory ; Readers and speakers ; Speeches. Oratorio. See also Cantatas. Refer from Church music ; Music. Orators. Refer from Biography ; Elocution ; Speak- ers. i/Oratory. See also Debating ; Elocution ; Eloquence ; Gesture ; Lecturing ; Ora- tions ; Preaching ; Rhetoric ; Voice. Refer from Debating ; Elocution ; Elo- quence ; Orations ; Rhetoric ; Speaking ; Speeches ; Voice. Orchards. See Fruit. Orchestral music. See also Instrumental music. Refer from Instrumental music ; Musical instruments. Orchids. Refer from Botany ; Floriculture ; Flowers. Orders (architectural) . Refer from Architecture. Orders, monastic. See Monasticism. Orders of knighthood. See Chivalry. Ordination. Refer from Bishops ; Church polity ; Clergy ; Episcopacy ; Ministers (of the gospel) ; Priests ; Rites and ceremonies ; Sacraments. Ordnance. See also Ammunition ; Arsenals ; Artillery ; Firearms ; Gunnery ; Gun- 132 Ord-Pai] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS powder ; Military art and science ; Naval artillery ; Projectiles. Refer from Arms and armor \ Artillery ; Cannon ; Firearms ; Gun ; Gunnery ; Military art and science ; Projectiles. Ores. See Metals ; Mineralogy ; Mines and mining. Organ. See also Church music. Refer from Church music ; Musical instru- ments. Origin of species. See Evolution ; Species. Original sin. See Sin. Ornament. See Decoration and ornament. Ornamental alphabets. See Alphabets ; Illu- mination. Ornithology. See Birds. Orphans. See also Adoption ; Foundlings. Refer from Children. Orthodoxy. See also Calvinism ; Congre- gationalism. Refer from Calvinism ; Congregationalism ; Theology. Orthoepy. See Phonetics ; Pronunciation. Orthographic projection. See Projection. Orthography. See Spelling. Orthopedics. See Deformities. Osteology. See Bones. Outdoor life. See also Camping ; Country life : Fishing ; Hunting ; Natural history ; Sports. Refer from Country life ; Rural life. Ox. See also Cattle. Refer from Agriculture ; Cattle ; Domestic animals. Oxford movement. Refer from Catholic church ; Church of England ; Puseyism ; Tractarianisrn. Oyster. See also Pearls. Refer from Food ; Mollusks. Pageants. See also Processions. Refer from Archaeology ; Festivals ; Pro- cessions. Pain. See also Anesthetics; Pleasure; Suffering ; Vivisection. Refer from Emotions ; Pleasure ; Psychol- ogy ; Suffering. Paint. See also Color ; Painting. Refer from Chemistry ; Painting ; Paint- ing, mechanical ; Pigments. Painted glass. See Glass-painting. .- ^ . .painters. See also Artists. /-^ /r td.V 4- Refer from Artists ; Biography ; Painting. vXPainting. See also Anatomy for artists ; Artists ; Arts, fine ; China painting ; '33 pai-Pap] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Color ; Decoration ; Drawing ; Esthet- ics ; Figure painting ; Frescoes ; Glass- painting ; Illumination ; Landscape paint- ing ; Miniature painting ; Oil-painting ; Paint ; Painters ; Painting, mechanical ; Paintings ; Perspective ; Portrait paint- ing ; Wall decoration; Water-color painting. Refer from Archaeology ; Arts, fine ; Color ; Composition ; Decoration and or- nament ; Graphic arts ; Oil-painting ; Paint; Paintings; Sketching; Water- color painting. Painting, mechanical. See also Alphabets ; Carriage painting; Color; Gilding; Graining; House painting; Marbling; Paint ; Sign painting ; Varnishing. Refer from Arts, useful ; Carriage paint- ing ; Graining ; House painting ; Paint- ing ; Sign painting ; Varnishing. Paintings. See also Art galleries ; Paint- ing ; Portraits. Refer from Painting ; Pictures. Palaces. Refer from Architecture. Paleography. See Inscriptions ; Manu- scripts ; Writing. V Paleontology. See also Footprints ; Geol- ogy- Refer from Botany ; Fossils ; Geology ; Man ; Natural history ; Petrifaction ; \j Q Science ; Zoology. Palmistry. Refer from Amusements ; Cheirosophy ; Chiromancy ; Divination ; Fortune-tell- ing ; Hand ; Superstition. Palsy. See Paralysis. Panics. See also Speculation. Refer from Commerce ; Commercial crises ; Crises ; Economics ; Finance ; Specula- tion ; Stock exchange. Pantheism. See also God. Refer from God ; Philosophy ; Religion ; Skepticism ; Theology. Pantomime. See also Gesture ; Shadow pantomimes. Refer from Acting ; Amateur theatricals ; Amusements ; Drama ; Gesture ; Sign language ; Theatre. Papacy. See Catholic church ; Popes. I/Paper. See also Marbling. Refer from Manufactures ; Printing ; Stationery ; Writing. Pap-Pas] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Paper-hanging. Refer from House decoration ; Wall deco- ration. Paper money. See also Bank notes ; Banks ; Finance ; Greenbacks ; Legal tender ; Money. Refer from Bank notes ; Bills of credit ; Bills of exchange ; Counterfeits ; Green- backs ; Money. Parables. See also Allegories ; Bible ; Fables ; Jesus Christ. Refer from Allegories ; Bible ; Jesus Christ. Paradise. See also Fall of man. Refer from Bible. Paralysis. See also Apoplexy. Refer from Brain; Medicine, practice of ; Palsy. Parasites. See also Bacteria ; Fungi. Refer from Botany ; Insects ; Medicine, practice of ; Skin ; Worms ; Zoology. Parents. See also Ancestor-worship ; Chil- dren ; Domestic education ; Family ; Fathers ; Heredity ; Mothers. Refer from Children ; Ethics ; Family. Parks. See also Commons ; Landscape gardening. Refer from Land ; Landscape gardening. Parliament. See England, Parliament; also names of other countries. Parliamentary practice. Refer from Debating ; Law ; Legislation ; Rules of order. Parody. Refer from Literature ; Poetry ; Satire ; Wit and humor. Parsees. See also A vesta. Refer from Avesta ; Fire-worshipers ; Religions. Parsons. See Ministers (of the gospel). Parties. See Balls. Parties, political. See also names of parties. Refer from Political parties ; Political science. Partnership. See also Agents ; Corpora- tions. Refer from Commerce ; Commercial law ; Contracts ; Law. Passion-play. See Miracle-plays. Passions. See also Emotions ; Gambling ; Love. Refer from Emotions ; Ethics ; Philoso- phy ; Psychology. Passover. See also Lord's supper. Refer from Jews ; Lord's supper. Pas-Ped] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Pastoral poetry. Refer from Bucolic poetry ; Country life ; Eclogues ; Poetry ; Rural poetry. Pastors. See Clergy ; Ministers ; Preaching. Pastry. See Cookery. Patents. See also Inventions ; Trade-marks. Refer from Arts, useful ; Discoveries (in science) ; Inventions ; Law ; Machinery ; Manufactures ; Trade-marks. Pathology. See also Abscess ; Autopsy ; Bacteria ; Blood ; Contagion ; Diagno- sis ; Epidemics ; Fever ; Germ theory ; Hair ; Hemorrhage ; Histology ; Hy- giene ; Inflammation ; Longevity ; Ma- laria ; Medicine. Refer from Clinical medicine ; Disease ; Hygiene ; Medicine ; Physiology ; Sur- gery ; Therapeutics. Patience. Refer from Ethics. Patience (game). Refer from Cards ; Games ; Solitaire. Patriarchs. Refer from Bible ; Biography ; Jews. Patriotism. Refer from Citizenship ; Ethics ; Political science. Patristics. See Fathers of the church. Patrons of husbandry. See Grangers. Pattern-making. Refer from Casting ; Mechanical drawing ; Metals. Pauperism. See Poor. Pavements. See also Concrete ; Mosaics ; Roads. Refer from Floors ; Roads. Pawnbroking. Refer from Banks and Banking ; Com- merce. v Peace. Refer from Ethics ; International law ; Military art and science ; Nonresistance ; Sociology ; War. Pearls. Refer from Diving ; Jewelry ; Mollusks ; Oyster ; Precious stones. Peasantry. Refer from Agriculture ; Country life ; Labor. Peat. Refer from Fuel ; Geology ; Manures ; Phys- ical geography. Pedagogics. See Teaching. Pedestrianism. See Walking. 136 Ped-Per] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Pedigrees. See Genealogy ; Heraldry ; Horse. Peerage. See also Heraldry. Refer from Baronage ; Baronetage ; Biog- raphy ; Heraldry ; Nobility. Penal institutions. See Prisons ; Reforma- tories. Penance. See also Absolution ; Confession ; Pilgrimage ; Repentance. Refer front Absolution ; Catholic church ; Church polity ; Confession ; Repent- ance ; Sacraments ; Theology. Pendulum. Refer from Astronomy ; Clocks and watches ; Geodesy ; Physics ; Time- keepers. Penitence. See Repentance. Penitentiaries. See Prisons. Penmanship. See also Alphabets ; Writing. Refer from Handwriting ; Writing. Penology. See Punishment. Pensions. Refer from Old age ; Poor; Soldiers. People. See also Democracy; Folk-lore; Labor ; Liberty ; Poor ; Sociology. Refer from Sociology. Perfumery. Refer from Chemistry ; Cosmetics ; Cos- tume ; Manufactures ; Odors ; Perfumes ; Toilet. Perfumes. See Odors ; Perfumery. Periodicals. [All special periodicals should be entered under their subject. They may also be entered here alphabetically under title.] See also Advertising ; Journalism ; Liberty of the press ; News- papers. Refer from Journalism ; Literature ; Magazines ; Newspapers ; Press. Perpetual motion. Refer from Mechanics ; Motion. Persecution. See also Friends ; Huguenots ; Inquisition ; Jews ; Liberty of con- science ; Martyrs ; Massacres ; Religious liberty ; Witchcraft. Refer from Catholic church ; Church history ; Fanaticism ; Heresy ; Liberty of conscience ; Martyrs ; Religious lib- erty. Personal liberty. See Liberty. Personal property. See also Property ; Sale ; Taxation. Refer from Law ; Property. 137 Per-Phi] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Perspective. See also Drawing ; Projection ; Shadows. Refer from Drawing ; Geometrical draw- ing ; Geometry ; Light ; Painting ; Pro- jection. Pessimism. Refer from Philosophy. Pests. See Agricultural pests ; Fungi ; House- hold pests ; Insects. Petrifaction. See Paleontology. Petrography. See Rocks. Petroleum . Refer from Fuel ; Geology ; Oil. Petrology. See Rocks. Pets. See Domestic animals. Phanerogams. See also Botany, and refer- ences under that heading. Refer from Botany. Phantoms. See Apparitions. Pharmacy. See also Apothecaries ; Drugs ; Homeopathy ; Materia medica ; Pre- scriptions. Refer from Apothecaries ; Chemistry ; Drugs ; Materia medica ; Medicine ; Prescriptions ; Therapeutics. Philanthropists. > Refer from Biography; Philanthropy. t/Philanthrophy. See Charities ; Charity ; Phi- lanthropists ; Social settlements. Philology. See Language. Philosophers. Refer from Biography. Philosophical instruments. See also Air- pump ; Astronomical instruments ; Op- tical instruments. Refer from Instruments. Philosophical societies. See names of / societies. ^Philosophy. See also Agnosticism ; Atheism ; Axioms ; Being ; Belief ; Biology ; Brain ; Certainty ; Chance ; Christianity ; Con- sciousness ; Creation ; Deism ; Emo- tions ; Epicureans ; Esthetics ; Eternity ; Ethics ; Evidence ; Evolution ; Fate ; Force ; Future life ; Genius ; God ; Habit ; History, philosophy of ; Idealism ; Imagination ; Infinite ; Insanity ; In- tellect ; Knowledge ; Liberty ; Logic ; Man ; Materialism ; Matter ; Memory ; ^Mind and body ; Mysticism ; Natural religion ; Nature ; Necessity ; Nihilism ; Pantheism ; Passions ; Pessimism ; Physics ;Platonists ; Positivism psychol- ogy ; Rationalism ; Realism ; Reason ; 138 Phi-Phy] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Religion; Religion and science :, Scho- lastic philosophy ; Science ; Senses ; Skepticism ; Soul ; Space ; Spiritualism ; Stoics ; Supernatural ; Theism ; Theol- ogy ; Time ^Transcendentalism ; Trin- ity ; Truth ; Universe ; Utilitarianism ; Will. Refer from Ethics ; Knowledge ; Life ; Mental philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Ontol- ogy ; (^Psychology ; Reason ; Religion ; Science ; Theology ; Thinking ; Thought. Philosophy, moral. See Ethics. Philosophy, natural. See Physics. Philosophy of history. See History, phi- losophy of. Phonetics. See also Alphabet ; Pronuncia- ~^ tion ; Spelling. Refer from Language ; Orthoepy ; Pho- nology; Pronunciation; Sound. Phonograph. Refer from Electricity ; Sound. Phonography. See Shorthand. Phonology. See Phonetics. Phosphates. Refer from Chemistry ; Fertilizers ; Manures. Phosphorescence . Refer from Botany ; Light ; Ocean ; Zool- ogy- Photo-engraving, etc. See also Heliotypes. Refer from Book illustration; Engraving; Heliotypes ; Photography ; Process work. ^Photography. See also Astronomical photog- raphy ; Camera ; Composite photog- raphy ; Daguerreotype ; Heliotypes ; Photo-engraving, etc. ; Photomicrogra- phy ; X rays. Refer from Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Camera ; Chemistry ; Daguerreotype ; Light ; Printing. Photom icrography . Refer from Microphotography ; Micro- scope ; Photography. Phrase-books. See names of languages. Phrenology. See also Physiognomy. Refer 'from Brain ; Character ; Head ; Man ; Physiognomy ; Physiology ; Psy- chology. Physical culture. See Physical education. Physical education. .S'+*iQ Proof. See Evidence ; Logic. Proof-reading. Refer from Printing. Proper names. See Names. Property. See also Administrators and 47 Pro-Pro] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS executors ; Church property ; Commun- ism ; Confiscation ; Conveyancing ; Copyright ; Damages ; Inheritance ; In- surance ; Land ; Liens ; Mortgages ; Per- sonal property ; Real property ; Rent ; Sale ; Socialism ; Taxation ; Titles ; Trespass; Wealth; Wills. Refer from Chattels ; Economics ; Law ; Personal property; Political science; Real property ; Sociology. Prophecies. See also Bible ; Divination ; Fortune-telling ; Jesus ; Oracles ; Sec- ond advent. Refer from Bible ; Divination ; Predic- tions ; Prophets ; Second advent ; The- ology. Prophets. See also Bible ; Prophecies. Refer from Bible ; Biography; Jews. Prose. See also Literature ; Rhetoric ; and the references under these heads. Refer from Literature. Prosody. See also Accent ; Metre ; Poetry ; Rhyme ; Versification. Refer from Accent ; Grammar ; Language ; Metre; Poetry; Rhyme; Versification. Prostitution. Refer from Criminal law; Law; Woman; Woman, Law. Protection. See Tariff. Protestant churches. See Protestantism. Protestant episcopal church in the U. S. See also Apostles' creed ; Apostolic suc- cession ; Bishops ; Church of England ; Church polity ; Confirmation ; Episco- pacy ; Fasts and feasts ; Lord's supper ; Priests ; Ritualism ; Sacraments ; Sister- hoods. Refer from Church of England ; Episco- pacy ; Episcopal church ; Sects. Protestantism. See also Catholic church ; Reformation ; Sects. Refer from Catholic church ; Christianity ; Church history ; Protestant churches ; Reformation ; Theology. Protoplasm. See also Biology ; Cells ; Em- bryology. Refer from Biology ; Bioplasm ; Cells ; Physiology. Proverbs. See also Epigrams ; Maxims ; Quotations. Refer from Adages ; Aphorisms ; Apo- thegms ; Epigrams; Literature; Max- ims ; Quotations ; Sayings. 148 Pru-Pun] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Pruning. Refer from Forestry ; Fruit; Trees. Psalmody. See Bible ; Church music ; Hymns. Pseudonyms. See also Nicknames. Refer from Authors ; Bibliography ; Ficti- tious names ; Names (personal) ; Nick- names ; Noms de plume ; Sobriquets ; /Soubriquets, 'sychology. See also Animal magnetism ; ^Animal psychology ; Apparitions ; Be- lief; Biology; Brain; Character ; Child study ; Color-sense ; Consciousness ; Dreams ; "Education ; Emotions ; Esthet- ics ; Ethics ; Future life ; Genius ; He- redity ; Hypnotism ; Illusions ; Imag- ination ; Insanity ; Instinct ; Intellect ; Knowledge ; Liberty of the will ; Logic ; Memory ; 'Mind and body; Mind-read- ing ; Pain ; Passions ; Philosophy ; Phrenology ; Physiognomy ; Pleasure ; Reason ; Senses ; Sleep ; Somnam- bulism ; Soul ; Subconsciousness ; Will. Refer from Brain ; Child study ; Educa- tion ; Emotions ; Human faculties ; In- tellect ; Man ; Mental philosophy ; Metaphysics ; Mind ; Mind and body ; Philosophy ; Science ; Soul ; Thinking ; Thought; Understanding; Will. Public health. See Hygiene, public. Public institutions. See Charities ; Prisons ; Public schools. Public libraries. See Libraries. Public schools. See also Bible in the schools ; Education. Refer from Common schools ; Education ; Free schools ; Public institutions ; Schools. Publishers. See Booksellers. Publishing. See Bookselling ; Copyright ; Printing. Pueblos. See also Cliff-dwellings. Refer from Indians of North America. Pugilism. See Boxing. Pulpits. Refer from Church furniture. Pumps. See also Air-pump. Refer from Engines; Hydraulic engineer- ing ; Machinery ; Water-supply. ^^Punctuation. Refer from Language ; Rhetoric. Punishment. See also Capital punishment ; Corporal punishment ; Crime ; Criminal law; Crucifixion; Flogging; Future 149 Pun-Que] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS punishment ; Galleys ; Guillotine ; Hang- ing ; Pillory ; Prisons ; Torture ; Trans- portation (of criminals). Refer from Crime; Criminal law; Law; Manners and customs ; Penology ; Po- litical science; Prisons; Sociology; Torture. Purgatives. Refer from Therapeutics. Purgatory. See also Indulgences ; Future life; Future punishment. Refer from Catholic church ; Death ; Future life ; Future punishment ; Intermediate state ; Probation ; Retribution ; Theology. Puritans. See also Church of England ; Con- gregationalism ; Dissenters ; Friends ; Nonconformists ; Nonjurors ; Presby- terianism. Refer from Christian biography ; Church of England ; Congregationalism ; Dis- senters ; Nonconformists. Pus. See Suppuration. Puseyism. See Oxford movement ; Pusey, E. B. Putrefaction. See also Contagion ; Disin- fection. Refer from Contagion. Puzzles. See also Acrostics ; Charades ; Enigmas ; Riddles. Refer from Amusements; Riddles. Pygmies. See Dwarfs. Pyramids. Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Monuments. Pyrotechnics. See Fireworks. Quacks and quackery. See also Imposture. Refer from Imposture ; Medicine. Quadrupeds. See also Domestic animals ; Mammals ; Zoology. Refer from Mammals ; Zoology. Quakers. See Friends, society of. Qualitative analysis. See Chemistry. Quantitative analysis. See Chemistry. Quarantine. Refer from Contagion ; Hygiene, public ; Naval hygiene. Quarrying. See also Blasting; Mines and mining. Refer from Blasting; Stone. Quarternions. Refer from Geometry ; Mathematics. Queens. See also Monarchy. Refer from Biography ; Monarchy ; Rulers ; Sovereigns ; Woman. 150 Qui-Rea] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Quicksilver. See Mercury. Quotations. See also Epigrams ; Maxims ; Proverbs. Refer from Aphorisms ; Apothegms ; Epi- grams ; Literature ; Maxims ; Poetry ; Proverbs ; Sayings. Races of man. See Ethnology. Racing. See Horse-racing ; Rowing, etc. Radiation. See also Heat ; Light ; Sound. Refer from Heat ; Light; Physics; Sound. Ragged schools. Refer from Charity schools ; Education ; Schools. Railroads. See also Bridges ; Cars ; Earth- work ; Electric railroads ; Engineering ; Horse-railroads ; Locomotives ; Steam- engine ; Street-railroads ; Subways ; Sur- veying ; Tunnels. Refer from Carriers ; Commerce ; Engi- neering ; Locomotion ; Locomotives ; Machinery ; Roads ; Steam-engine ; Surveying ; Transportation. Rain. See also Meteorology. Refer from Meteorology ; Water. Rainbow. Refer from Light ; Meteorology. Rationalism. See also Free religion ; Free thought ; Reason ; Transcendentalism. Refer from Free religion ; Free thought ; Materialism ; Philosophy ; Reason (in religion) ; Religion ; Skepticism ; The- ology. ^ Readers and speakers. - See also Dialogues ; Orations ; Poetry ; Primers. Refer from Declamation ; Dialogues ; Elo- cution ; Literature ; Poetry ; Primers ; Reading ; Recitations ; Speakers ; Text- books. leading. See Books and reading ; Elocution. Real presence. See Lord's supper; Tran- substantiation. Real property. See also Conveyancing ; Deeds ; Easements ; Land ; Landlord and tenant ; Mortgages ; Property ; Sale; Taxation; Titles. Refer from Conveyancing ; Land ; Law ; Property ; Titles. Realism. See also Idealism. Refer from Idealism ; Philosophy ; Scho- lastic philosophy. Reason. See also Animal psychology ; In- stinct ; Logic ; Philosophy. Refer from Intellect; Philosophy; Psy- chology; Rationalism. Rea-Reg] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Reason (in religion). See Rationalism. Rebellion. See also Revolutions; also names of countries in which rebellions have taken place, as U. S., History ', Civil War, England, Scotland, etc. Refer from Political science ; Revolutions. Receipts. See also Cookery. Refer from Arts, useful ; Chemistry ; Do- mestic economy; Manufactures. Receivers. Refer from Bankruptcy ; Corporations ; Law. Reciprocity. Refer from Political science; Tarift. Recitations. See Readers and speakers. Recreation. See Amusements ; Games ; Gymnastics ; Physical education ; Sports, etc. Rectors. See Clergy ; Ministers. Redemption. See Salvation. Referendum. c $jJL' ^juJtCa-AMT^ OuU-^U Refer from Democracy; Political science. Reform. See also Charities; Civil service; England, House of Commons; Prisons ; and other subjects of reform. Refer from Progress. Reform schools. See Reformatories. Reformation. See also Catholic church ; Church history ; Huguenots ; Hussites ; Protestantism ; Thirty years 1 war ; Wal- denses ; also names of countries and churches. Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- tory ; Church of Scotland ; History, mod- ern ; Protestantism ; Reformers. Reformatories. See also Prisons. Refer from Children ; Crime ; Education ; Penal institutions ; Prisons ; Reform schools. Reformers. See also Reformation. Refer from Biography ; Christian biog- raphy. Regalia. See also Church vestments ; Cos- tume ; Crowns. Refer from Costume. Regattas. See Rowing; Sailing. Regeneration. See also Baptism ; Conver- sion; Salvation. Refer from Baptism ; Conversion ; Salva- tion ; Theology. Registers [not annual] . See also Almanacs ; Year-books [for annual registers] ; also names of places, religious denomina- tions, etc. 152 ' y^jiA^ju^uju^^ Rei-Rel] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Reincarnation. See Preexisterice ; Trans- migration. Relics. See also Miracles ; Shrines. Refer from Church antiquities ; Miracles ; Shrines ; Superstition. /^Religion. [Including comparative theology and history of religion. For the Chris- tian doctrines see Theology. For evi- dences see Christianity.] See also Allegories; Atheism; Belief; Bible; Christian biography; Christian life; Christianity ; Church history ; Church polity ; Conscience ; Consolation ; Deism ; Devotional exercises ; Ethics ; Evil ; Faith ; Fanaticism ; Fasts and feasts ; Free religion ; Future life ; God ; Hymns ; Idolatry ; Jesus Christ ; Miracles ; Mis- sions ; Monasticism ; Mysteries ; Mysti- cism ; Mythology ; Natural religion ; . Oracles ; Pantheism ; Philosophy ; Posi- tivism ; Prayer ; Rationalism ; Religion and science ; Religions ; Religious edu- cation ; Religious liberty ; Religious poetry ; Revelation ; Revivals ; Ritual- ism ; Sacraments ; Sacrifice ; Saints ; Sects ; Sermons ; Serpent-worship ; Sin ; Skepticism ; Sunday ; Supernatural ; Superstition ; Symbolism ; Theism ; The- osophy ; Totems ; Worship. Refer from Christianity ; Ethics ; Faith ; God ; Man ; Natural religion ; Philos- ophy ; Revelation ; Sociology ; Super- natural ;. Theology. ^Religion and science. See also Creation ; Evolution ; Natural religion. Refer from Bible ; Creation ; Evolution ; Natural religion ; Philosophy ; Religion ; Science ; Science and religion ; The- ology. Religion of humanity. See Positivism. Religions. See also Aryans ; Brahmanism ; Buddhism ; Christianity ; Confucianism ; Dervishes ; Essenes ; Hinduism ; Idol- atry ; Indians ; Jews ; Mohammedanism ; Mormonism ; Mythology ; Parsees ; Poly- theism ; Rosicrucians ; Sects ; Serpent- worship ; Spiritualism ; Taouism ; The- osophy. Refer from Belief; Mythology; Polythe- ism ; Religion ; Superstition. Religious art. See Christian art ; Church architecture; Temples. Religious biography. See Christian biog- raphy. Rel-Rep] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Religious ceremonies. See Rites and cere- monies. Religious education. See also Bible classes ; Bible in the schools ; Moral education ; Sunday schools ; Theological education. Refer from Christian education ; Christian life ; Education ; Moral education ; Re- ligion ; Sunday schools ; Theological education. Religious festivals. See Fasts and feasts ; Festivals. Religious history. See Church history. Religious liberty. See also Church and state ; Free religion ; Free thought ; Liberty ; Liberty of conscience ; Perse- cution. Refer from Catholic church ; Church his- tory; Church polity; Free thought; In- tolerance ; Liberty ; Liberty of con- science ; Persecution ; Political science ; Private judgment ; Religion ; Tolera- tion. Religious orders. See Brotherhoods; Chiv- alry ; Jesuits ; Monasticism ; Sisterhoods. Religious poetry. See also Hymns. Refer from Hymns ; Poetry ; Religion ; Sacred poetry. Religious services. See Liturgies ; Worship. Remedies (in medicine). See Therapeutics. Renaissance. See also France ; Italy ; Mid- dle ages. Refer from Arts, fine ; History, modern ; Literature ; Middle ages ; Revival of letters. Rent. See also Land ; Landlord and tenant. Refer from Economics ; Land ; Landlord and tenant ; Law ; Property. Repentance. See also Confession; Conver- sion ; Penance. Refer from Conversion ; Ethics; Penance; Penitence ; Sin ; Theology. Reporting. See also Journalism ; Short- hand. Refer from Journalism. Representation. See also Boroughs ; Mi- norities ; Suffrage. Refer from Boroughs ; Democracy ; Elec- tion (in politics) ; Free institutions ; Political science ; Republics ; Suffrage ; Voting. Reptiles. See also Batrachia ; Serpents. Refer from Herpetology ; Serpents ; Snakes ; Vertebrates ; Zoology. Republics. See also Democracy ; Federal '54 Rep-Rid] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS government; Political science; Repre- sentation ; also names of republics. Refer from Democracy ; Federal govern- ment ; Free institutions ; Political sci- ence ; Presidential government. Repudiation. See also Debts, public. Refer from Debts, public ; Finance ; Loans. Reservoirs. See also Water-supply. Refer from Water-supply. Residences. See Architecture, domestic. Respiration. See Breathing. Responsive worship. See also Liturgies ; Ritualism. Refer from Devotional exercises ; Litur- gies ; Prayer ; Worship. Rest. Refer from Hygiene ; Therapeutics. Resurrection. See also Future life; Jesus Christ. Refer from Death ; Future life ; Theology. ^-p / Retribution. See Future life; Future pun- ishment ; Heaven ; Hell ; Purgatory. Revelation. See also Bible; Christianity; Religion ; Theology. Refer from Bible ; Religion ; Theology. Revenue. See Finance ; Tariff; Taxation. Revival of letters. See Renaissance. Revivals. See also Camp-meetings ; Con- version ; Prayer-meetings. Refer from Christian life ; Church his- tory ; Conversion; Missions; Religion; Theology. Revolutions. See also Rebellion ; also names of countries. Refer from History ; Political science ; Rebellion. Rhetoric. See also Allegory ; Conversation ; Criticism ; Drama ; Elocution ; Elo- quence ; Esthetics ; Letter-writing ; Met- aphor; Oratory; Poetry; Preaching; Punctuation ; Satire ; Translation. Refer from Composition ; Criticism ; Elo- cution ; Expression ; Language ; Letter- writing ; Literature ; Metaphor ; Ora- tory ; Prose ; Speaking ; Style ; Words ; Writing. Rheumatism. Refer from Medicine, practice of. Rhyme. See also Prosody. Refer from Poetry ; Prosody ; Versification. Riches. See Wealth. Riddles. See also Charades ; Enigmas ; Puzzles. Refer from Amusements ; Charades ; '55 Rid-Rod] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Conundrums ; Enigmas ; Literature ; Puzzles. Riding. See Coaching ; Driving ; Horse- manship. Rifle. See also Firearms ; Gun ; Shooting. Refer from Arms and armor ; Firearms ; Gun ; Shooting. Right and wrong. See Ethics. Rights of woman. See Woman. Rings. See also Jewelry. Refer from Finger rings; Jewelry. Riots. Refer from History ; Mobs ; Political science. Rites and ceremonies. See also Baptism ; Burial service ; Canonization ; Church antiquities ; Church dedication ; Con- firmation ; Coronations ; Fasts and feasts ; Funerals ; Hymns ; Liturgies ; Marriage ; Mass ; Ordination ; Prayers ; Ritualism ; Sacraments ; Worship. Refer from Ceremonies ; Christian art and symbolism ; Church antiquities ; Church ceremonies ; Church polity ; Ecclesiastical ceremonies ; Liturgies ; Manners and customs ; Religious cere- monies ; Ritualism ; Worship. Ritualism. See also Catholic church ; Church of England ; Rites and ceremonies ; Worship. Refer from Church of England ; Church polity ; Liturgies ; Prayer ; Protestant episcopal church in the U.S.; Religion ; Responsive worship ; Rites and cere- monies ; Worship. Rivers. See also Embankments ; Erosion ; Floods ; Hydraulic engineering ; Valleys. Refer from Hydraulic engineering; Inland navigation ; Physical geography ; Val- leys ; Water. Roads. See also Pavements ; Railroads ; Street cleaning ; Street-railroads. Refer from Engineering ; Highways ; Loco- motion ; Pavements ; Streets ; Transpor- tation. Robbers. See also Brigands. Refer from Brigands ; Crime ; Thieves ; Vagabonds. Rocks. See also Geology ; Mineralogy ; Stone. Refer from Geology ; Lithology ; Mineral- ogy ; Petrography ; Petrology ; Stone. Rod, the. See Corporal punishment ; Flog- ging- 156 Roe-Sac] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Roentgen rays. See X rays. Roman Catholic church. See Catholic church. Roman law. See Civil law. Romance. See Fiction; Romances. Romances. See also Fiction ; Legends ; Poetry. Refer from Fiction ; Legends ; Literature ; Romance ; Stories. Romanism. See Catholic church. V Romanticism. Refer from Literature. Roofs. See also Arches ; Domes ; Girders ; Trusses ; Vaulting. Refer from Architecture ; Girders ; Strength of materials ; Trusses. Rope. See also Cables ; Hemp ; Knots ; Wire. Refer from Cables ; Hemp ; Manufactures. Rosary. Refer from Beads ; Catholic church ; Prayers. Rosicrucians. Refer from Mysticism ; Religions ; Secret societies. Rowing. See also Boating. Refer from Boating ; Locomotion ; Navi- gation ; Racing ; Regattas ; Sports. Royalty. See Monarchy. -"'Rubber. SeeAv&va rubber-. Ruins. See Archaeology. Rulers. See Emperors ; Kings ; Monarchy ; Popes ; Presidents ; Queens. Rules of order. See Parliamentary practice. Running. See also Walking. Refer from Animal locomotion ; Locomo- tion ; Physical education ; Sports ; Walk- ing. Rural architecture. See Architecture ; Cot- / tages ; Landscape gardening. Rural econonvjpSkr Agriculture. ''Rural life. -See Country life ; Outdoor life. Rural poetry. See Pastoral poetry. Russian church. See Greek church. Russo-Turkish war. See also Russia ; Turkey. Sabbath. See Sunday. Sacraments. See also Baptism ; Confirma- tion ; Lord's supper ; Marriage ; Ordina- tion ; Penance. Refer from Baptism ; Church of England ; Church polity ; Lord's supper ; Protest- ant episcopal church in the U. S. ; Re- ligion ; Rites and ceremonies ; Theology ; Worship. S'ex chYRraphy; Writing. Sn O ^ S&V Shrines. See also Relics. Refer from Church antiquities ; Church furniture ; Relics. Shrubs. See also Botany : Gardening ; Land- scape gardening ; Trees. Refer from Botany ; Gardening ; Land- scape gardening. Sick, the. See Invalids. Sieges. See also Battles ; Fortifications ; Military art and science. Refer from Battles ; History ; Military art and science ; Military history. Sight. See also Blind ; Color-blindness ; Eye ; Spectacles. Refer from Eye; Light; Senses; Vision. Sign language. See also Cipher ; Deaf and dumb ; Pantomime. Refer from Deaf and Dumb ; Gesture ; Language ; Signs. . 163 Sig-Ske] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Sign painting. See also Alphabets ; Paint- ing, mechanical. Refer from Painting, mechanical ; Sign- boards ; Signs. Signals. See also Flags ; Telegraph. Refer from Military art and science ; Navi- gation ; Signs. Signatures. See Autographs. Signboards. See also Sign painting. Refer from Advertising ; Archaeology ; Commerce ; Signs. Signets. See Seals. Signs. See Omens ; Shorthand ; Sign lan- guage ; Sign painting ; Signals ; Sign- boards. Silhouettes. Refer from Arts, fine. 'Silk. Refer from Fibres; Textile fabrics; Yarn. Silos. See Ensilage. Silver. See also Bimetallism ; Coins and medals ; Free coinage ; Mines ; Money ; Plate ; Precious metals. Refer from Bimetallism ; Free coinage ; Metals ; Mines and mining ; Money ; Precious metals ; Specie. Silverplating. See Electroplating ; Plating. Silversmithing. See also Jewelry ; Plate. Refer from Arts, fine ; Jewelry ; Metal- work ; Plate. Sin. See also Absolution; Confession; Crime ; Depravity ; Fall of man ; Future punishment ; Predestination ; Repent- ance ; Salvation; Temptation. Refer from Depravity; Ethics; Evil; Fall of man ; Original sin ; Religion ; Temp- tation ; Theology ; Total depravity. Singers. Refer from Biography ; Musicians ; Sing- ing ; Vocalists ; Woman. //Singing. See also Chanting ; Music ; Sing- ers ; Songs; Voice. Refer from Chanting ; Music ; Voice. Sisterhoods. See also Convents ; Deacon- esses ; Monasticism ; Nunneries ; Nuns. Refer from Catholic church ; Charities ; Church history ; Church of England ; Church polity ; Monasticism ; Protestant episcopal church in the U. S ; Religious orders ; Woman. Skating. Refer from Ice ; Locomotion ; Sports. Skeleton. See Bones. Skepticism. See also Agnosticism ; Athe- 164 Ske-Smu] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS ism ; Deism ; Free thought ; Material- ism ; Pantheism; Rationalism. Refer from Agnosticism ; Atheism ; Doubt ; Faith ; Free thought ; Infidel- ity ; Philosophy ; Religion ; Scepticism ; Theology; Unbelief. Sketching. See Drawing ; Painting. Skin. See also Chicken-pox ; Color of man ; Parasites ; Smallpox. Refer from Cutaneous diseases. Skull. See also Brain ; Head. Refer from Anatomy ; Bones : Craniology ; Head. Sky. See Astronomy ; Meteorology. Slander. See Libel and slander. Slang. See also Americanisms. Refer from Argot ; Dialects ; Language. Slave-trade. See also Africa ; Slavery. Refer from Ethics ; Negroes ; Slavery. i/' Slavery. See also Abolitionists ; Africa ; African colonization ; Freedmen ; Gal- leys ; Negroes ; Serfdom ; Slave-trade ; South ; United States. Refer from Abolition of slavery ; Anti- slavery ; Colored people ; Emancipation ; Ethics ; Freedmen ; Freedom ; History ; Labor ; Liberty ; Negroes ; Political sci- ence ; Serfdom ; Slave-trade ; Sociology. Sleep. See also Animal magnetism ; Dreams ; Hypnotism ; Insomnia ; Nightmare ; Somnambulism. Refer from Dreams ; Hygiene ; Insomnia ; Night ; Physiology ; Psychology ; Som- nambulism ; Subconsciousness. Sleep-walking. See Somnambulism. Sleight of hand. See Conjuring. Slojd. See Sloyd. Sloyd. See also Wood-carving. Refer from Manual training ; Slojd ; Wood-carving. Smallpox. See also Inoculation ; Vaccina- tion ; Varioloid. Refer from Contagion ; Epidemics ; Inocu- lation ; Medicine, practice of; Skin; Vaccination ; Variola ; Varioloid. Smell. See also Nose. Refer from Nose ; Odors ; Senses. Smelting. See Metals. Smoke. See also Fumigation. Refer from Combustion ; Fire. Smoking. See Tobacco. Smuggling. Refer from Commerce ; Criminal law ; Tariff. 165 Sna-Soi] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Snakes. See Reptiles ; Serpents. Snow. See also Avalanches ; Ice ; Water. Refer from Meteorology; Water. Soap. Refer from Cleaning; Manufactures. Sobriquets. See Nicknames ; Pseudonyms. c/o / In ^ I'oP /*jD F*~t\ Social science. See Civilization ; Economics ; Political science ; Sociology. Social settlements. See also Poor. ^s A ' A. I S Jv Refer from Charities ; College settlements ; Philanthrophy ; Poor ; Settlements ; Sociology; University settlements. Socialism. See also Communism ; Co- operation ; Economics ; Individualism ; Shakers. Refer from Collectivism ; Communism ; Cooperation ; Economics ; Individual- ism ; Nationalism ; Political science ; Property ; Sociology ; Utopia. Societies. See also Agricultural societies ; Bible societies ; Clubs ; Corporations ; Friendly societies ; Geographical socie- ties ; Gilds ; Historical societies ; Scien- tific societies ; Secret societies ; Tract societies ; Trade-unions. Refer from Academies ; Associations ; Clubs ; Sociology. Society. See Etiquette ; Sociology ; Solitude. Society of Jesus. See Jesuits. Socinianism. See also Arianism ; Trinity ; Unitarianism. Refer from Arianism ; Jesus Christ ; The- x ology; Trinity ; Unitarianism. V Sociology. See also Caste ; Charities ; Chil- dren ; Christianity ; Cities ; Civilization ; Clubs ; Colonies ; Communism ; Coopera- tion ; Corporations ; Crime ; Divorce ; Economics ; Education ; Ethics ; Eti- quette ; Family ; Feudalism ; Friendly societies ; Gilds ; Immigration ; Insur- ance ; Labor ; Law ; Man ; Manners and customs ; Marriage ; Peace ; People ; Political science ; Poor ; Population ; Prisons ; Progress ; Property ; Punish- ment ; Religion ; Slavery ; Social settle- ments ; Socialism ; Societies ; Statis- tics ; Temperance ; Theology ; Utopia ; Woman. Refer from Civilization ; Ethics ; History ; Labor ; Man ; People ; Political science ; Science ; Social science ; Society. Soils. See also Agricultural chemistry. Refer from Agricultural chemistry ; Agri- culture ; Geology. 166 Sol-Spe] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Solar system. See also Asteroids; Astron- omy ; Planets [and their names] ; Sun. Refer from Astronomy; Planets; Sun. Soldering. Refer from Metal-work ; Plumbing. Soldiers. See also Military art and science ; Military biography ; Pensions. Refer from Biography ; Military art and science ; Military biography. Solids. Refer from Physics. Solitaire. See also Patience (game). Refer from Games. Solitude. See also Hermits. Refer from Ethics ; Society. Somnambulism. See also Dreams ; Sleep. Refer from Medicine, practice of ; Night ; Psychology ; Sleep ; Sleep-walking, v Songs. See also Anthems ; Ballads ; Carols ; Church music ; Folk-songs ; Glees ; Hymns ; Lyric poetry ; National songs ; School music ; Voice. [Songs without music go with Ballads.] Refer from Ballads ; Carols; Folk-songs; Glees ; Music ; Poetry ; Singing ; Vocal music. Sonnets. Refer from Pdetry. Sorcery. See Witchcraft. Sore throat. Refer from Medicine, practice of; Throat. Soubriquets. See Nicknames ; Pseudonyms. Soul. See also Animal psychology; Future life ; Preexistence ; Psychology ; Trans- migration. Refer from Ethics ; Future life ; Man ; Materialism ; Philosophy ; Preexistence ; Psychology; Salvation; Spirit \ Theol- ogy; Transmigration. Sound. See also Ear; Music; Noise; Pho- U^)-vu^eo Spine. See also Nervous system. Refer from Anatomy ; Nervous system. i/Spinning. See also Yarn. Refer from Textile fabrics ; Yarn. Spires. See also Towers. Refer front Architecture ; Church archi- tecture ; Steeples ; Towers. Spirit. See Holy spirit ; Soul. Spiritism. See Spiritualism. Spirits. See Apparitions ; Demonology ; Ghosts ; Spiritualism ; Witchcraft. 'Spiritualism. See also Animal magnetism; Apparitions ; Clairvoyance ; Mind-read- ing. Refer from Apparitions ; Future life ; Miracles ; Occult sciences ; Philosophy ; Religions ; Spiritism ; Spirits ; Super- natural ; Superstition ; Table-moving ; Theology. Spirituous liquors. See Liquors ; Temperance. 1 68 /s, vSo Spo-Sta] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Spoils system. See Civil service. Sports. See also Acrobats ; Amusements ; Archery ; Baseball ; Baths and bathing ; Betting; Boating; Bowling; Boxing; Bull fights ; Camping ; Canoeing ; Cricket ; Curling ; Cycling ; Driving ; Falconry ; Fencing ; Fishing ; Football ; Gambling ; Games; Golf; Gymnastics; Horse-rac- ing ; Horsemanship ; Hunting ; Moun- taineering ; Physical education ; Poach- ing ; Rowing ; Running ; Sailing ; Shoot- ing ; Skating ; Swimming ; Tournaments ; Training ; Trapping ; Walking ; Yacht- ing. Refer from Amusements ; Athletics ; Country life ; Field-sports ; Game ; Games ; Gymnastics ; Hunting ; Manly exercise ; Outdoor life ; Physical educa- tion ; Plays ; Recreation ; Shooting. Spring. Refer from Seasons . Springs. See also Geysers. Refer from Fountains ; Geysers ; Physical geography ; Water. Stables. See also Barns ; Horse. Refer from Agriculture ; Architecture ; Barns ; Domestic animals ; Horse. Stage. See Acting; Drama; Theatre. Stage-coaches. See Carriages ; Coaching. Stained glass. See Glass-painting. Stair-building. See also Carpentry ; Hand- railing. Refer from Architecture ; Carpentry. Stammering. Refer from Speech ; Stuttering ; Voice. Stamps. See Postage-stamps. Standards. See Flags ; Units ; Weights and measures. Stars. See also Asteroids ; Astrology ; As- stronomy ; Meteors ; Planets ; Zodiac. Refer from Astronomy ; Constellations. Starvation. See also Famines. Refer from Abstinence ; Diet ; Famines ; Fasting. State, the. See Political science. State church. See Church and state ; Dis- establishment. State rights. See also Nullification ; Seces- sion. Refer from Nullification ; Political sci- ence ; Secession. Statesmanship. See Diplomacy; Political science. 169 Sta-Sti] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Statesmen. Refer from Biography ; Political science. Statics. See also Mechanics. Refer from Dynamics; Engineering; Equlibrium ; Mechanics ; Physics. Stationery. See also Ink ; Paper. Refer from Commerce ; Manufactures. Statistics. See also Almanacs ; Census ; Population ; Vital statistics ; Year-books. For statistics of a special subject, country, or place, see its name. Refer from Census ; Commerce ; Econom- ics; History; Political science; Popula- tion ; Sociology. Statues. See Sculpture. Statutes. For the statutes of any country or state see its name. Steam. See also Boilers ; Steam-engine ; Steam heating; Steam navigation. Refer from Boilers ; Heat ; Physics ; Steam-engine ; Vapor ; Water. Steam-boilers. See Boilers ; Steam-engine. Steam-engine. See also Boilers ; Fire- engine ; Heat ; Locomotives ; Machinery ; Railroads ; Steam ; Steam navigation. Refer from Boilers; Engineering; En- - gines ; Locomotives ; Machinery ; Me- chanics ; Motors ; Railroads ; Steam ; Steam-boilers ; Steam navigation. Steam heating. See also Heating. Refer from Heating ; Steam. Steam navigation. See also Navigation ; Ship-building ; Steam-engine. Refer from Commerce ; Inland navigation ; Navigation ; Ships ; Steam ; Steam- engine ; Steamboats ; Steamships ; Trans- portation. Steamboats. See Steam navigation. Steamships. See Steam navigation. Steel. See also Casting ; Iron. Refer from Iron ; Metals. Steeples. See Spires. Stenography. See Shorthand. Stereography. See Geometry. Stereopticon. See Magic lantern. Stereoscope. Refer from Light ; Optical instruments. Stereotomy. See Stone-cutting. Stereotyping. See also Printing. Refer from Printing. Stimulants and narcotics. See also Alcohol ; 170 Sti-Str] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Beverages ; Coffee ; Liquors ; Morphia ; Opium ; Tea ; Temperance ; Tobacco. Refer from Beverages ; Diet ; Food ; Hy- giene ; Medicine ; Narcotics ; Temper- ance ; Therapeutics. Stock breeding. See Cattle ; Domestic ani- mals. Stock companies. See Corporations. Stock exchange. See also Banks and bank- ing; Money; Panics; Stocks. Refer from Banks and banking ; Brokers ; Business ; Economics ; Money ; Stocks. Stockings. See Hosiery. Stocks. See also Bonds ; Corporations ; In- vestments ; Stock exchange. Refer from Banks ; Bonds ; Commerce ; Corporations ; Economics ; Exchange ; Finance ; Investments ; Negotiable in- struments ; Securities ; Speculation ; Stock exchange. Stoics. Refer from Ethics ; Philosophy. Stomach. See also Digestion. Refer from Abdomen ; Anatomy ; Diges- / tion. 'btone. See also Blasting ; Masonry ; Pre- cious stones ; Quarrying ; Rocks ; Stone- cutting. Refer from Building materials ; Geology ; Masonry ; Mineralogy ; Rocks. Stone age. Refer from Archaeology. Stone-cutting. See also Sculpture. Refer from Stereotomy ; Stone. Storage batteries. Refer from Accumulators ; Batteries ; Electric batteries; Electric railroads; Secondary batteries. Stories. See Children's literature ; Fairy V &(fc\i . tales ; Fiction ; Legends ; Romances. Storms. See also Thunder-storms ; Winds. Refer from Cyclones ; Hurricanes ; Me- teorology ; Thunder-storms ; Tornadoes ; Weather ; Whirlwinds ; Winds. Stoves. See also Heating. Refer from Heating. Strains. See Strength of materials. Strategy. See Military art and science; Naval art and science. Street cleaning. Refer from Cleaning; Roads; Sanitary engineering ; Sweeping. 171 Str-Sui] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Street-railroads. See also Electric railroads ; Horse-railroads. Refer from Railroads ; Roads ; Tram- ways. Streets. See Roads. Strength of materials. See also Archi- tecture ; Bridges ; Building materials ; Elasticity ; Girders ; Masonry ; Roofs ; Trusses. Refer from Architecture ; Bridges ; Build- ing materials ; Elasticity ; Engineering ; Masonry; Materials, strength of; Me- chanics ; Strains ; Testing ; Timber ; Trusses. Strikes and lockouts. See also Arbitration, industrial ; Labor ; Trade-unions. . Refer from Capital ; Economics ; Labor ; Lockouts ; Trade-unions. Students. See also Colleges ; Education. Refer from Colleges and universities ; Education ; Literary men. Stuttering. See Stammering. Style. See Costume ; Fashion ; Rhetoric. Subconsciousness. See also Faith-cure ; Hyp- notism. Refer from Consciousness ; Faith-cure ; Hypnotism ; Mind and body ; Psy- chology ; Sleep. Submarine warfare. See also Torpedoes. Refer from Naval art and science. Subways. See also Tunnels. Refer from Engineering ; Railroads ; Tun- nels. Success. See also Business ; Conduct of life. Refer from Business ; Conduct of life ; Ethics ; Wealth ; Young men. Suffering. See also Affliction : Consolation ; Pain. Refer from Pain. Suffrage. See also Ballot ; Citizenship ; Election ; Naturalization ; Representa- tion ; Woman suffrage. Refer from Ballot ; Democracy ; Election (in politics) ; Political science ; Repre- sentation ; Voting. Sugar. Refer from Agriculture ; Food. Suggestion, mental. See Animal magnetism ; Hypnotism. Suicide. Refer from Criminal law ; Death ; Ethics ; Medical jurisprudence ; Murder. 172 Sui-Sur] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Suits at law. See Actions at law. Summer. Refer from Seasons. Sun. See also Eclipses ; Solar system ; Spectrum. Refer from Astronomy ; Eclipses ; Heat ; Light ; Solar system. Sun-dials. Refer from Archaeology ; Dialing ; Time- keepers. Sunday. Refer from Ethics ; Fasts and feasts ; Religion ; Sabbath ; Theology. Sunday schools. See also Bible classes ; Religious education. Refer from Bible classes ; Children ; Education ; Religious education ; Schools. Sunstroke. See Heatstroke. Supernatural. See also Apparitions ; Mira- cles ; Religion ; Spiritualism ; Supersti- tion ; Theology. Refer from Philosophy ; Religion ; Super- stition. Superstition. See also Alchemy ; Amulets ; Apparitions ; Astrology ; Charms ; De- lusions ; Demonology ; Devil ; Divina- tion ; Dreams ; Fairies ; Fetishism ; Folk-lore ; Fortune- telling ; Ghosts ; Le- gends ; Mythology ; Occult sciences ; Omens ; Oracles ; Palmistry ; Relics ; Religions ; Second sight ; Spiritualism ; Supernatural ; Theosophy ; Totems ; Werwolves ; Witchcraft. Refer from Delusions ; Folk-lore ; Mythol- ogy ; Religion ; Supernatural ; Witchcraft. Supply and demand. See Demand and supply. Suppuration. See also Abscess ; Ulcers. Refer from Abscess ; Pus ; Ulcers. Sureties. See Guaranties and sureties. Surgeons. Refer from Biography ; Physicians ; Sur- gery. Surgery. See also Accidents ; Amputation ; Anatomy ; Anesthetics ; Antiseptics ; Autopsy ; Bloodletting ; Bones ; De- formities ; Diagnosis ; Dislocations ; Fractures ; Medicine ; Military surgery ; Naval surgery ; Surgeons ; Surgical in- struments ; Wounds. Refer from Accidents ; Anatomy ; Medi- cine ; Medicine, practice of ; Pathology; Wounds. '73 Sur-Tab] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Surgical instruments. Refer from Instruments ; Surgery. Surnames. See Names. Surrogate law. See Wills. j/Surveying. See also Barometer; Engineer- ing ; Geodesy ; Nautical surveying ; Rail- roads ; Topographical drawing ; Trigo- nometry. Refer from Arts, useful ; Civil engineer- ing ; Engineering ; Geodesy ; Geography ; Land ; Leveling ; Mathematics ; Mensur- ation ; Nautical surveying ; Railroads ; Topography ; Trigonometry. Swearing. See also Oaths. Refer from Ethics ; Oaths ; Profanity. Swedenborgianism. See New Jerusalem, church of the. Sweeping. See also Chimney sweeping; Domestic economy ; Street cleaning. Refer from Carpets ; Cleaning ; Domestic economy ; Floors. Swimming. See also Baths and bathing ; Diving. Refer from Baths and bathing; Diving; Sports ; Water. Swine. See Hog. Sword. See also Fencing. Refer from Arms and armor; Fencing; Military art and science ; Weapons. Symbolics. See Creeds. Symbolism. See also Christian art and symbolism ; Emblems. Refer from Arts, fine ; Emblems ; Relig- ion. Symbolism (in theology). See Creeds. Symphonies. Refer from Music. Symptoms. See Diagnosis. Synods. See Councils ; also names of places at which synods were held. Synonyms. Refer from Language ; Words. Table, the. See Carving; Cookery; Dining; Eating; Food. Table-moving. See Spiritualism. Table-talk. See also Anecdotes. Refer from Anecdotes ; Aphorisms ; Apothegms; Biography; Conversation; Epigrams ; Sayings ; Talking ; Wit and humor. Tableaux. See also Amateur theatricals. Refer from Amateur theatricals ; Amuse- tnents ; Drama. Tab-Tea] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Tables. See Interest; Logarithms,^. Tachygraphy. See Shorthand. Tactics. See also Artillery; Cavalry; In- fantry ; Military art and science ; Naval tactics. Refer from Drill; Military art and science. Talismans. See Amulets ; Charms. Talking. See Conversation ; Table-talk. Talmud. Refer from Bible ; Jews. Tanning. See also Leather. Refer from Arts, useful ; Leather. Taouism. Refer from Religions. Tapestry. Refer from Arts, fine ; Arts, useful ; Deco- ration and ornament ; Needlework ; Tex- tile fabrics ; Wall decoration. Tariff. See also Corn laws ; Economics ; England, Finance ; Exportation ; Rec- iprocity; Smuggling; Taxation; U.S., Finance. Refer from Commerce ; Customs ; Duties ; Economics ; Exportation ; Finance ; Free trade ; Imports ; Protection ; Revenue ; Taxation ; Trade. Taste. See Esthetics. Taste, sense of. Refer from Senses. Tattooing. Refer from Manners and customs. Taverns. See Hotels ; Inns. Taxation. See also Economics ; Finance ; Income tax ; Tariff. Refer from Assessment ; Economics ; Fi- nance ; Income tax ; Internal revenue ; Land ; Personal property ; Political sci- ence ; Property ; Real property ; Rev- enue; Tariff. -- .~ Taxidermy. Refer from Birds ; Natural history ; Zool- ogy- ^Tea. Refer from Beverages ; Stimulants and narcotics. /Teachers. See also Education ; Normal i^,^,c^fC<^TO i~ ^ schools. I Refer from Biography ; Education ; School- masters ; Teaching. I Teaching. See also Child study ; Corporal y punishment ; Education ; Examinations ; 175 Tea-Ten] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Kindergarten ; Memory ; Nature study ; Object-teaching ; Teachers. Refer from Education ; Pedagogics ; Train- / ing- ^Technical education. See also Manual train- ing-^-' Refer/from Arts, useful ; Education ; In- dustrial education ; Machinery ; Manual draining ; Polytechnic schools. Technology. See Arts, useful ; Manufactures. Teeth. Refer from Anatomy ; Dentistry ; Medicine, practice of; Mouth ; Odontology. Telegraph. See also Electric wires. Refer from Arts, useful; Cables ; Electric engineering ; Electric telegraph ; Elec- tricity; Signals. Telepathy. See Mind-reading. Telephone. Refer from Electricity ; Sound. Telescope. Refer from Astronomical instruments ; Astronomy ; Light ; Optical instruments. Temperament. See also Nervous system. Refer from Character; Nervous system. Temperance. See also Alcohol; Beer; Bev- erages ; Distillation ; Drinking customs ; Liquors ; Opium ; Stimulants and nar- cotics ; Tobacco ; Wine. ^.efer from Abstinence ; Alcohol ; Bev- erages ; Drinking customs ; Drunken- ness ; Ethics ; Food ; Hygiene ; In- ebriates ; Intemperance ; Intoxication ; License system ; Liquors ; Prohibition ; Sociology ; Spirituous liquors ; Stimulants and narcotics ; Total abstinence ; Wine. Temperature. See also Animal heat ; Cli- mate ; Cold ; Heat. Refer from Climate ; Heat ; Meteorology. Templars. See also Chivalry ; Freemasonry. Refer from Chivalry ; Knights templars ; Secret societies. Temples. Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Church architecture ; Religious art. Temporal power. See Popes. Temptation. See also Evil ; Fall of man ; Jesus Christ; Sin. Refer from Ethics ; Evil ; Sin ; Theology. Ten commandments. See Commandments, ten. Ten tribes of Israel. See Jews. Tenant. See Landlord and tenant. 176 \ \ Ten-The] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Tenement-houses. See also Architecture, domestic ; Poor. Refer from Architecture, domestic ; Poor. Tennis. Refer from Games ; Lawn-tennis. Tents. See also Camping. Refer from Camping ; Military art and science. Tenure of land. See Land. Terra-cotta. See also Pottery. Refer from Building materials ; Decoration and ornament ; Pottery. Testimony. See Evidence. Testing. See Strength of materials ; also object tested, such as Electric testing, etc. Tetanus. See Lockjaw. Text-books. See also Primers ; Readers and speakers ; Spellers. Refer from Books and reading ; Education ; School-books. y Textile fabrics. See also Bleaching; Calico- printing ; Carpets ; Clothing ; Cotton ; Dry goods ; Dyeing ; Embroidery ; Fi- bres ; Flax ; Hosiery ; Linen ; Silk ; Spin- ning ; Tapestry ; Weaving ; Wool ; l Worsted ; Yarn. Refer from Arts, useful ; Cloth ; Clothing ; Cotton ; Dry goods ; Fibres ; Linen ; Manufactures ; Weaving ; Wool ; Wor- sted ; Yarn. Thanksgiving day. Refer from Fasts and feasts ; Holidays. *^ Theatre. See also Acting; Actors; Act- resses; Amateur theatricals; Ballet; Drama ; Masks ; Miracle-plays"; Opera ; Pantomime. Refer from Acting ; Actors ; Actresses ; Amusements ; Architecture ; Drama ; Ethics ; Histrionics ; Stage. Theism. See also Atheism; Christianity; Deism ; God ; Theojogy. Refer from Atheism ; Deism ; God ; Phi- losophy ; Religion ; Theology. Theodicy. See God. Theological education. See also Religious education ; Theological schools. Refer from Education ; Religious educa- tion ; Theology. Theological schools. Refer from Divinity schools ; Theological education. Theology. [Including the Christian doc- 177 r The-The] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS trines. For comparative theology and history of religion see Religion. For Christian evidences see Christianity.] See also Agnosticism ; Angels ; Anni- hilation ; Antichrist ; Antinomianism ; Apostles ; Apostolic constitutions ; Apos- tolic succession ; Arminianism ; Asceti- cism ; Atheism ; Atonement ; Baptism ; Belief; Bible; Calvinism; Catechisms; Celibacy ; Certainty ; Christian ; Christ- ian union ; Christianity ; Church ; Church history ; Church polity ; Clergy ; Confes- sion ; Confirmation ; Conscience ; Con- version ; Creation ; Creeds ; Cross ; Death ; Deism ; Depravity ; Devil ; Ethics ; Evil ; Faith ; Fall of man ; Fanaticism ; Fasting ; Fathers of the church ; Free . religion ; Future life ; Future punish- ment ; God ; Heaven ; Hell ; Heresy ; Holy spirit ; Infallibility ; Jesus Christ ; Judgment, day of; Justification; Lib- erty of conscience ; Liberty of the will ; Lord's prayer ; Lord's supper ; Love ; Mass ; Materialism ; Millennium ; Mira- cles ; Missions ; Monotheism ; Mysticism ; Natural religion ; Orthodoxy ; Panthe- ism ; Penance ; Philosophy ; Plurality of worlds ; Prayer ; Predestination ; Private judgment ; Prophecies ; Protestantism ; Purgatory ; Rationalism ; Regeneration ; Religion ; Religion and science ; Re- pentance ; Resurrection ; Revelation ; Revivals ; Sacraments ; Sacrifice ; Salva- tion ; Second advent ; Sects ; Sermons ; Sin ; Skepticism ; Socinianism ; Soul ; Spiritualism ; Sunday ; Temptation ; The- ism ; Theological education; Transcen- dentalism ; Transubstantiation ; Trinity ; Worship. Refer from Bible; Christian doctrine; Christianity ; Church history ; Divinity ; Doctrines ; Dogmatic theology ; Faith ; God ; Natural religion ; Philosophy ; Revelation ; Science ; Sociology ; Super- natural ; Theism. Theosophy. Refer from Buddhism, esoteric; Esoteric Buddhism ; Occult sciences ; Religion ; Religions ; Superstition. Therapeutics. See also Anesthetics ; Animal magnetism ; Antiseptics ; Baths and bathing; Bloodletting; Christian sci- ence ; Cupping ; Diet ; Drugs ; Exercise ; 178 The-Tit] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Faith-cure ; Hydropathy ; Inoculation ; Massage ; Materia medica ; Medical electricity ; Medicine ; Nurses and nurs- ing ; Pathology ; Pharmacy ; Poisons ; Purgatives ; Rest ; Stimulants and nar- cotics. Refer from Hygiene ; Materia medica ; Medicine; Medicine, practice of; Reme- dies (in medicine). Thermodynamics. See Heat. Thermometer. Refer from Heat ; Meteorology ; Physics. Thieves. See Robbers. Thinking. See Logic ; Philosophy ; Psy- chology. Thirty-nine articles. See Church of England. Thirty years' war, 1618-48. See also Ger- many, History. Refer from Germany, History, Reformation. Thorough-bass. See Harmony. Thought. See Logic ; Philosophy ; Psy- chology. Thought-transference. See Mind-reading. Throat. See also Breathing; Bronchitis; Sore throat ; Voice. Refer from Anatomy ; Breathing ; Bron- chitis ; Voice. Thunder-storms. See also Lightning; Storms. Refer from Lightning ; Meteorology ; Storms. rTides. See also Ocean. Refer from Astronomy ; Moon ; Ocean ; Physical geography. Tiles. See also Bricks ; Pottery. Refer from Bricks ; Pottery. Timber. See also Forestry ; Lumbering ; Strength of materials ; Trees; Wood. Refer from Building materials ; Forestry ; Lumbering ; Trees ; Wood. Time. See also Almanacs; Astronomy; Calendar ; Chronology ; Days ; Eternity ; Timekeepers. Refer from Astronomy ; Chronology ; Philosophy. Timekeepers. See also Clocks and watches ; Pendulums ; Sun-dials. Refer from Arts, useful ; Clocks and watches ; Horology ; Machinery ; Manu- factures ; Time. Tissues. See Histology. Tithes. See also Church rates. Refer from Church law ; Church of Eng- land ; Church polity ; Church rates. 179 t Tit-Tot] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Titles. See also Conveyancing; Real prop- erty ; Sale. Refer from Land ; Law ; Property ; Real property ; Sale. Toadstools. See Mushrooms. Toasts. Refer from Dining ; Drinking customs ; Epigrams ; Manners and customs. Tobacco. Refer from Agriculture ; Smoking ; Stim- ulants and narcotics ; Temperance. Toilet. See also Baths and bathing; Cos- metics ; Costume ; Perfumery. Refer from Cosmetics ; Costume. Toleration. See Liberty of conscience ; Re- ligious liberty. Tombs. See also Brasses ; Burial ; Cata- combs ; Cemeteries ; Crypts ; Epitaphs ; Mounds ; Tombstones. Refer from Archaeology ; Architecture ; Burial ; Cemeteries ; Crypts ; Monuments ; Sepulchres ; Vaults.- Tombstones. See also Epitaphs. Refer from Monuments ; Tombs. Tools. See also Agricultural tools ; Car- pentry ; Machinery. Refer from Arts, useful ; Carpentry ; In- struments ; Machinery. Topographical drawing. See also Map draw- ing. Refer from Drawing ; Map drawing ; Sur- veying ; Topography. Topography. See Geography ; Surveying ; Topographical drawing. Tories, American. See American loyal- ists. Tories, English. See also England, His- tory; England, Politics. Refer from Parties, political. Tornadoes. See Storms. Torpedoes. Refer from Explosives ; Military art and science ; Naval art and science ; Subma- rine warfare. Torts. Refer from Law ; Wrongs. Torture. See also Inquisition ; Punishment. Refer from Punishment. Total abstinence. See Temperance. Total depravity. See Depravity ; Sin. Totems. Refer from Indians of N. A. ; Mythology; Religion ; Superstition ; Worship. 180 Tou-Tra] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Touch. Refer from Feeling ; Senses. Tournaments. See also Chivalry. Refer from Chivalry ; Fighting ; Sports. Towers. See also Spires. Refer from Architecture ; Church archi- tecture ; Spires. Town-meeting. See also Local government ; Towns. Refer from Democracy ; Political science ; Towns. Town officers. See also Police. Refer from Political science ; Towns. Towns. See also Boroughs ; Cities ; Local government ; Municipal government ; Town-meeting ; Town officers ; Vil- lages. Refer from Boroughs ; Cities ; Local gov- ernment ; Municipal corporations ; Politi- cal science ; Town-meeting ; Villages. Toxicology. See Poisons. Toys. See also Dolls. Refer from Amusements; Games. Tract societies. See also Tracts. Refer from Missions ; Societies ; Tracts. Tractarianism. See Oxford movement. Tracts. See also Tract societies. Refer from Literature ; Tract societies. Trade. See Business ; Commerce ; Tariff. Trade-marks. See also Patents. Refer from Commerce ; Law ; Manufact- ures ; Patents. 'Trade-unions. See also Cooperation ; Gilds ; Labor ; Strikes and lockouts. Refer from Associations ; Commerce ; Co- operation ; Economics ; Gilds ; Labor ; Societies ; Strikes and lockouts ; Wages. Traditions. See Folk-lore ; Legends. VTragedy. See Drama. Training. See also Animals, training of; ^Education ; Gymnastics ; Physical educa- tion ; Teaching. Refer from Exercise ; Hygiene ; Physical education; Sports. Tramps. Refer from Crime ; Poor ; Vagabonds ; Vagrancy. Tramways. See Street-railroads. V Transcendentalism. Refer from Philosophy ; Rationalism ; Theology. Transformers. See Electric transformers. Transit. See Transportation. 181 Tra-Tri] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Transits. See also name of planet. Refer from Astronomy ; Planets. Translation. Refer from Language ; Rhetoric. Transmigration. See also Preexistence ; Soul. Refer from Future life ; Metempsychosis ; Preexistence ; Reincarnation ; Soul. Transmutation of metals. See Alchemy. Transportation. See also Canals ; Carriages ; Commerce ; Ferries ; Inland navigation ; Railroads ; Roads ; Steam navigation ; Vehicles. Refer from Commerce ; Locomotion ; Transit ; Vehicles. Transportation (of criminals) . Refer from Exportation ; Punishment. Transubstantiation. See also Lord's supper ; Mass. Refer from Catholic church ; Jesus Christ ; Lord's supper ; Mass ; Real presence ; Theology. Trapping. See also Hunting. Refer from Hunting ; Sports. Travel. [Put here books on the art of travel.] See also Pilgrimage ; Voyages and travels. Refer from Locomotion ; Voyages and travels. Travelers. See also Commercial travelers; Explorers ; Voyages and travels. Refer from Biography ; Explorers. Travels. See Voyages and travels. Treason. Refer from Criminal law ; Law ; Murder. Treaties. See also Diplomacy ; International law; also names of countries, places at which treaties were made, etc. Refer from Diplomacy ; History ; Interna- tional law ; Ministers (of state) ; Politi- cal science. Tree-worship. / Refer from Trees ; Worship. Trees. See also Arbor-day; Bark; Botany; Evergreens ; Forestry ; Fruit ; Grafting ; Landscape gardening ; Lumbering ; Prun- ing; Timber; Tree-worship. Refer from Agriculture ; Botany ; Ever- greens ; Forestry ; Shrubs ; Timber ; Wood. Trespass. Refer from Law ; Property. Trial by combat. See Wager of battle. 182 Tri-Tun] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Trial by jury. See Jury. Trials. [See the Boston Athenaeum cata- logue for a subdivision of Trials by sub- ject.] See also Actions at law ; Evi- dence ; Jury ; Pleading ; Witnesses. Refer from Actions at law ; Crime ; Crimi- nal law ; Jury ; Law ; Murder ; Pleading. Tricycling. See Cycling. Trigonometry. See also Geodesy ; Geome- try ; Logarithms ; Mathematics ; Mensu- ration ; Navigation ; Surveying. Refer from Geometry ; Logarithms ; Math- ematics ; Surveying. Trinity. See also Arianism ; Athanasian creed ; God ; Holy spirit ; Jesus Christ ; Socinianism ; Unitarianism. Refer from Arianism ; God ; Holy spirit ; Jesus Christ ; Philosophy ; Socinianism ; Theology ; Unitarianism. Triumphal arches. See Arches of triumph. Tropics. Refer from Earth ; Geography ; Physical geography. Trotting. See Horse ; Horse-racing. Troubadours. See also Proven9al literature. Refer from Bards ; Minstrels ; Poetry ; Poets. Trouveres. Refer from Bards ; Minstrels ; Poetry ; Poets. Trusses. See also Bridges ; Girders ; Roofs ; Strength of materials. Refer from Architecture ; Bridges ; Gird- ers ; Roofs ; Strength of materials. Trustees. Refer from Law./ X^ /Trusts. See also Capital ; Monopolies. Refer from Capital ; Commerce ; Commer- cial law ; Corporations ; Economics ; Monopolies. Truth. See also Axioms; Belief; Certainty; Lying. Refer from Belief; Certainty; Ethics; Faith ; Lying ; Philosophy. Tuberculosis. See Consumption. Tumors. See also Cancer. Refer from Medicine, practice of. Tumuli. See Mounds. Tuning. Refer from Musical instruments. Tunnels. See also Blasting ; Subways. Refer from Engineering ; Mines and min- ing ; Railroads ; Subways. 183 Tur-Uni] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Turbines. See also Water-wheels. Refer from Hydraulic engineering ; Wa- ter-wheels ; Wheels. Turning. See also Woodwork. Refer from Arts, useful; Cabinet work; Carpentry ; Carving (wood, etc.) ; Lathe ; Machinery ; Woodwork. Twins. Refer from Children. Type. See Printing. Typewriting. Refer from Writing. Typhoid fever. See also Typhus fever. Refer from Contagion ; Enteric fever ; Fever ; Typhus fever. Typhus fever. See also Typhoid fever. Refer from Fever ; Ship-fever ; Typhoid fever. Typography. See Printing. Tyranny. See also Despotism. Refer from Despotism ; Monarchy ; Politi- cal science. Ulcers. See also Suppuration. Refer from Suppuration. Ultramontanism. See also Catholic church; Popes ; Vatican council. Refer from Catholic church. Umbrella. Refer from Costume. Unbelief. See Skepticism. Understanding. See Intellect ; Psychology. Unitarianism. See also Arianism ; Free re- ligion ; Jesus Christ ; Socinianism ; Trin- ity. Refer from Arianism ; Congregational- ism ; Jesus Christ ; Sects ; Socinianism ; Trinity. United brethren. See Moravians. Units. See also Electric measurement; Weights and measures. Refer from Physics ; Standards ; Weights and measures. Universalism. See also Future life ; Future punishment. Refer from Congregationalism ; Future punishment ; Salvation ; Sects. Universe. See also Astronomy ; Creation ; Earth ; Plurality of worlds. Refer from Astronomy ; Cosmogony ; Cos- mography ; Cosmology ; Creation ; Phi- losophy ; World. , Universities. See Colleges and universities. 184 Uni-Vat] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS University extension. Refer from Colleges and universities ; Edu- cation. University settlements. See Social settle- ments. Upholstery. See also Furniture ; House deco- ration. Refer from Arts, useful ; Furniture ; House decoration. Urns. See also Vases. Refer from Burial ; Pottery ; Vases. Usages. See Etiquette ; Manners and cus- toms. Useful arts. See Arts, useful ; Manufact- ures. Usury. See Interest. Utilitarianism. Refer from Ethics ; Philosophy. Utopia. Refer from Political science ; Socialism ; Sociology. Vacations. See also Holidays. Refer from Holidays ; Hygiene. Vaccination. .5> Painting, mechanical. Refer from Japanning ; Painting, mechan- ical. Vases. See also Pottery ; Urns. Refer from Amphorae ; Decoration and ornament ; Pottery ; Urns. Vassals. See Feudalism. Vatican. See also Catholic church ; Popes ; Rome. 185 Vat-Vil] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Vatican council. See also Immaculate con- ception ; Infallibility; Popes. Refer from Catholic church ; Infallibility ; Popes ; Ultramontanism. Vaudois. See Waldenses. Vaulting. See also Arches ; Domes. Refer from Arches ; Architecture ; Ma- sonry; Roofs. Vaults. See Tombs. "^vegetables. See also Botany ; Cookery ; Gar- dening. Refer from Agriculture ; Botany ; Food ; Gardening ; Market gardening. Vegetarianism. See also Animal food. Refer from Animal food ; Diet; Food. Vehicles. See also Ambulances ; Carriages ; Cars ; Chariots ; Coaching ; Transporta- tion ; Wagons ; Wheels. Refer from Transportation ; Wagons. Veins. See also Arteries. Refer from Anatomy ; Arteries ; Blood. Velocipedes. See Cycling. Vendors. See Sale. Venesection. See Bloodletting. Ventilation. See also Chimneys ; Heating. Refer from Air ; Architecture ; Chimneys; Domestic economy ; Heating ; Hygiene ; Mines and mining ; Sanitary engineering. Ventriloquism. Refer from Amusements ; Elocution ; Voice. Versification. See also Metre ; Poetry ; Prosody; Rhyme. Refer from Authorship ; Metre ; Poetry ; Prosody. Vertebrates. See also Batrachia ; Birds ; Fish ; Mammals ; Reptiles ; Zoology. Refer from Mammals ; Zoology. Vessels. See Navigation ; Ship-building ; Ships. Vestments. See Church vestments. Veterinary medicine. See also Cattle ; Do- mestic animals ; Horse. Refer from Cattle ; Domestic animals ; Horse ; Medicine. Veto. Refer from Political science ; Presidents . Viaducts. See Bridges. Vice. See Crime ; Ethics. . Vikings. See Northmen". Village communities. See also Local gov- ernment. Refer from Local government ; Political science. 186 Vil-Voy] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Villages. See also Towns. Refer from Local government ; Political science ; Towns. Villas. See Architecture, domestic ; Cottages. Vine. See Grape ; Wine. Vines. See Climbing plants ; Gardening ; Grape. Violin. Refer from Fiddle ; Musical instruments. Virgin Mary. See Mary, virgin. Virtue. See also Chastity ; Ethics. Refer from Ethics. Viscera. See also Abdomen ; Intestines ; Kidneys ; Liver. Refer from Abdomen. Vision. See Color sense ; Eye ; Sight. Visions. See Apparitions ; Dreams ; Illu- sions. Vital statistics. See also Census ; Mortality ; Population. Refer from Death rate ; Longevity ; Man ; . y Statistics. ^Vivisection. Refer from Anatomy ; Animals, treatment of; Dissection; Ethics; Pain. Vocal culture. See Voice. Vocal music. See Church music ; Music ; Songs ; Voice. Vocal organs. See Voice. Vocalists. See Singers. Voice. See also Elocution ; Music ; Oratory ; Singing ; Sound ; Speech ; Stammering ; Throat; Ventriloquism. Refer from Breathing ; Elocution ; Hy- giene ; Medicine, practice of; Music; Musical education ; Oratory ; Physiol- ogy ; Singing ; Songs ; Sound ; Speak- ing; Speech ; Throat; Vocal culture; Vocal music ; Vocal organs. Volcanoes. See also Earthquakes. Refer from Earth ; Earthquakes ; Geology ; Mountains ; Physical geography ; Seis- mology. Voltaic cell. See Cell, voltaic. Voltaic electricity. See Electricity. Voting. See Ballot ; Election ; Representa- tion ; Suffrage. Voussoir arches. See Arches. Voyages and travels. See also Antarctic regions ; Arctic regions ; Discoveries (in geography) ; Explorers ; Geography ; Travel ; Voyages around the world. Refer from Adventure ; Discoveries (in 187 Voy-Wat] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS geography) ; Explorers ; Geography ; Journeys ; Navigation ; Ocean ; Travel ; Travelers ; Travels. Voyages around the world. Refer from Circumnavigation ; Voyages and travels. Wager of battle. Refer, from Battle, wager of; Combat, trial by ; Dueling ; Law ; Trial by com- bat. Wagers. See Betting. Wages. See also Labor ; Profit-sharing ; Trade-unions. Refer from Compensation ; Economics ; Labor ; Prices. Wagons. See also Carriages ; Vehicles. Refer from Vehicles. Waldenses. See also Albigenses ; Hugue- nots. Refer from Albigenses ; Church history ; Huguenots ; Reformation ; Sects ; Val- denses ; Vaudois. Walking. See also Running. Refer from Animal locomotion ; Locomo- tion ; Pedestrianism ; Physical educa- tion ; Running ; Sports. Wall decoration. See also Frescoes ; House painting ; Mosaics ; Paper-hanging ; Plastering ; Tapestry. Refer from Decoration and ornament ; Frescoes ; House decoration ; Mural dec- oration ; Painting; Walls. Walls. See also Foundations; Masonry; Wall decoration. Refer from Architecture ; Engineering ; / Foundations ; Masonry. War. See Battles ; International law ; Mar- tial law ; Military art and science ; Naval art and science ; Peace. War poetry. Refer from Poetry. Wards. See Guardians. Warming. See Heating. Warnings. See Omens. Washing. See Laundry. Watches. See Clocks and watches. Water. See also Baths and bathing ; Dew ; Erosion; Fog; Frost; Glaciers; Hail; Heating ; Hydraulic engineering ; Ice ; Lakes; Meteorology; Ocean; Physical geography ; Ponds ; Rain ; Rivers ; Snow ; Springs; Steam; Swimming; Water- 188 Wat-Wei] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS supply ; Waterfalls ; Waterspouts ; Waves. Refer from Beverages ; Hydraulic en- gineering ; Ice ; Ocean ; Physical geogra- phy ; Physics ; Snow ; Water-supply. Water-color painting. See also Painting. Refer from Painting. Water-cure. See Hydropathy. Water-power. See Hydraulic engineering. Water-supply. See also Aqueducts ; Arte- sian wells ; Canals ; Fountains ; Hy- draulic engineering; Irrigation; Plumb- ing; Pumps; Reservoirs; Water; Wells. Refer from Engineering ; Hydraulic en- gineering ; Reservoirs ; Sanitary en- gineering; Water; Waterworks. Water-wheels. See also Turbines. Refer from Hydraulic engineering ; Ma- chinery; Motors; Turbines; Wheels. Waterfalls. Refer from Cataracts ; Falls ; Physical geography ; Water. Waterspouts. Refer from Meteorology ; Physical geog- raphy ; Water. Waterworks. See Water-supply. Waves. See also Electric waves. Refer from Ocean ; Physical geography ; Water. Wax. Refer from Bees. Wax flowers. Refer from Artificial flowers ; Flowers. Wealth. See also Banks and banking; Business ; Capital ; Economics ; Finance ; Labor ; Luxury ; Money ; Success. Refer from Economics ; Finance ; Luxury ; Money ; Property ; Riches. Weapons. See Arms and armor ; Firearms ; Sword. ^Weather. See also Climate ; Meteorology ; Storms ; Winds. Refer from Climate ; Meteorology. ^Weaving. See also Carp&ts ; Lace ; Textile fabrics. Refer from Arts, useful ; Carpets ; Cot- ton ; Textile fabrics. Weddings. See Marriage. Weeds. Refer from Agricultural pests ; Botany ; Gardening. Weights and measures. See also Arithme- tic ; Decimal system ; Electric measure- 189 Wei-Win] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS ment ; Gaging ; Gravitation ; Mensura- tion ; Metric system ; Specific gravity ; Units. Refer from Cambistry ; Decimal system ; Gravitation ; Measures' ; Mensuration ; Metric system ; Metrology ; Science ; Specific gravity ; Standards ; Units. Wells. See also Artesian wells ; Boring. Refer from Artesian wells ; Engineering ; Hydraulic engineering ; Water-supply. Werwolves. .1. Refer from Lycanthropy ; Superstition. 1 ' Wesleyans. See Methodist episcopal church. Wharves. See also Docks. Refer from Docks ; Harbors. Wheat. See also Flour ; Grain. Refer from Agriculture ; Grain. Wheeling. See Cycling. Wheels. See also Carriages ; Machinery ; Turbines ; Water-wheels. Refer from Carriages ; Machinery ; Vehi- cles. Whigs. See also England, Politics] U. S., Politics. Refer from Parties. Whipping. See Corporal punishment ; Flog- ging. Whirlwinds. See Storms. Whist. Refer from Cards ; Games. Widows. 'See also Wives. Refer from Family ; Wives ; Woman. Wife. See Wives. Will. See also Ethics ; Liberty of the will; Psychology. Refer from Ethics ; Liberty of the will ; Philosophy ; Psychology. Wills. See also Administrators and execu- tors ; Guardians ; Inheritance ; Legacies. Refer from Administrators and execu- tors ; Inheritance ; Law ; Probate ; Prop- erty ; Surrogate law. Wind. See Winds. Windmills. Refer from Machinery; Motors. Window-gardening. See also Floriculture. Refer from Floriculture ; Flowers ; Gar- dening ; Windows. Windows. See also Glass ; Glass-painting ; Window-gardening. Refer from Architecture 190 Win-Worn] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Winds. See also Meteorology ; Storms. Refer from Currents ; Meteorology ; Storms ; Weather ; Wind. Wine. See also Alcohol ; Grape ; Liquors ; ' Temperance. Refer from Grape ; Liquors ; Temper- ance ; Vine. Wings. See also Flight. Refer from Animal locomotion ; Birds ; Flight ; Zoology. Winter. Refer from Seasons. Wire. See also Cables ; Electric wires. Refer from Cables ; Metals ; Rope. Wit and humor. See also Anecdotes ; Cari- cature ; Epigrams ; Fools ; Laughter ; Parody; -Satire; Table-talk. Refer from Caricature ; Comic litera- ture ; Facetiae ; Humor ; Jests ; Jokes ; Laughter; Literature; Poetry; Satire. Witchcraft. See also Charms ; Demonol- ogy ; Occult sciences ; Superstition. Refer from Black art ; Charms ; Church history ; Conjuring ; Delusions ; Demon- ology ; Exorcism ; Magic ; Necromancy ; Occult sciences ; Persecution ; Sorcery ; Spirits ; Superstition . Witnesses. See also Evidence. Refer from Law ; Trials. Wives. See also Family ; Husbands ; Mar- riage ; Mothers ; Widows ; Woman. Refer from Family ; Husbands ; Mar- riage ; Widows ; Wife ; Woman. //Woman. See also Actresses ; Amazons ; Beauty, personal ; Celibacy ; Chastity ; Children ; Convents ; Costume ; Deacon- esses ; Domestic economy ; Etiquette ; Family ; Fancy work ; Girls ; Home ; Love ; Marriage ; Mothers ; Needlework ; Nuns ; Nurses and nursing ; Prosti- tution ; Queens ; Sex ; Singers ; Sister- hoods ; Widows ; Wives ; Woman suf- rage ; Young women. Refer from Anthropology ; Biography ; Emancipation ; Ethics ; Family ; Fe- male ; Girls ; Home ; Labor ; Ladies ; Man ; Marriage ; Rights of women ; Sociology ; Wives ; Young women. Woman, Diseases. See also Hysteria ; Medicine ; and the references under that head. Refer from Gynecology ; Hygiene ; Medi- cine; Medicine, practice of; Physiology. 191 Wom-Wor] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Woman, Education. Refer from Coeducation ; Colleges and universities ; Education. ^y Woman, Law. See also Divorce ; Infanti- - cide ; Marriage ; Prostitution ; Woman suffrage. Refer from Crime ; Criminal law ; Law. ^Woman suffrage. Refer from Suffrage ; Woman ; Woman, Law. Wood. See also Forestry ; Timber ; Trees. Refer from Building materials ; Timber ; Woods. Wood-carving. See also Carving ; Decora- tion and ornament ; Furniture ; Sloyd. Refer from Carving (wood, etc.) ; Deco- ration and ornament ; Fret cutting ; Furniture ; Manual training ; Sloyd ; Woodwork. Wood-engraving. Refer from Engraving ; Woodcuts. Woodcuts. See Wood-engraving. Woods. See Forestry ; Wood. ^/-Woodwork. See also ' Cabinet work ; Car- pentry ; Turning ; Wood-carving. Refer from Arts, useful ; Carpentry ; Manufactures ; Turning. Wool. See also Dyeing ; Sheep ; Textile fabrics ; Worsted ; Yarn. Refer from Agriculture ; Fibres ; Sheep ; Textile fabrics ; Worsted ; Yarn. 'Words. See also Etymology; Grammar; Language ; Pronunciation ; Rhetoric ; Spelling ; Synonyms ; also names of languages. Refer from Etymology ; Language. Work. See Labor. Workhouses. See Almshouses. Working-classes. See Labor. World. See Earth ; Universe. Worlds, plurality of. See Plurality of worlds. World's fairs. See Exhibitions. Worms. See also Parasites. Refer from Invertebrates ; Zoology. Worship. See also Ancestor-worship ; Ani- mals, worship of; Church music; Devo- tional exercises ; Fetishism ; Fire-wor- shipers ; Hymns ; Idolatry ; Litanies ; Liturgies ; Prayer ; Prayers ; Responsive worship ; Rites and ceremonies ; Ritual- ism ; Sacraments ; Sacrifice ; Serpent- worship ; Totems ; Tree-worship. Refer from Church polity ; Devotion ; De- Wor-You] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS votional exercises ; Prayer ; Religion ; Religious services ; Rites and cere- monies ; Ritualism ; Theology. Worsted. See also Sheep; Textile fabrics; Wool ; Yarn. Refer from Textile fabrics ; Wool ; Yarn. Wounds. See also Surgery. Refer from Military surgery ; Naval sur- gery ; Surgery. Wrecks. See Shipwrecks. Writers. See Authors. Writing. See also Abbreviations ; Alpha- bet ; Authorship ; Cipher ; Cuneiform writing ; Hieroglyphics ; Ink ; Inscrip- tions ; Letter-writing ; Manuscripts ; Pa- per ; Penmanship ; Rhetoric ; Shorthand ; Typewriting. Refer from Alphabet ; Books and reading ; Diplomatics ; Epigraphy ; Inscriptions ; Language ; Manuscripts ; Paleography ; Penmanship ; Shorthand. Wrongs. See Torts. X rays. Refer from Cathode rays ; Electric- ity ; Light ; Photography ; Roentgen rays. Xylography. See Block-books. Yachting. See also Boating; Navigation; Sailing. Refer from Boating ; Locomotion ; Navi- gation ; Sailing ; Ship-building ; Ships ; Sports. Yarn. See also Cotton; Flax; Hemp; Silk; Spinning ; Textile fabrics ; Wool ; Worsted. Refer from Spinning ; Textile fabrics ; Wool; Worsted. Year. See also Calendar; Chronology; Months ; Seasons. Refer from Calendar ; Chronology ; Months. Year-books. See also Almanacs ; Annuals ; Calendars. Refer from Almanacs ; Annuals ; Calen- dars ; Registers ; Statistics. Yellow fever. Refer from Contagion ; Epidemics ; Fe- ver. Young men. See also Boys ; Conduct of life ; Self-culture ; Success ; Young peo- pie. Refer from Boys ; Ethics ; Young people. Young people. See also Boys ; Children ; 193 You-Zoo] LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS Education; Girls; Young men; Young women. Refer from Conduct of life ; Education ; Ethics ; Young men ; Young women. Young women. See also Conduct of life ; Girls ; Self-culture ; Woman ; Young people. Refer from Ethics ; Girls ; Woman ; Young people. Zodiac. Refer from Astronomy ; Stars. Zodiacal light. Refer from Astronomy ; Light. Zoological gardens. See Menageries. Z logical mythology. See Animals, legends and stories of; Animals, worship of. logy. See also Alpine zoology ; Anat- omy ; Animal electricity ; Animal heat ; Animal locomotion ; Animal psychology ; Animalcules ; Apes ; Aquarium ; Batra- chia ; Biology ; Birds ; Cells ; Color of animals ; Crustacea ; Domestic animals ; Domestication ; Embryology ; Evolution ; Fish ; Game ; Geographical distribution ; Gorilla ; Heredity ; Insects ; Instinct ; Invertebrates ; Mammals ; Man ; Marine zoology ; Menageries ; Microscope ; Mol- lusks ; Monkeys ; Monsters ; Natural his- tory ; Nests ; Paleontology ; Parasites ; Phosphorescence ; Physiology ; Quad- rupeds ; Reptiles ; Seal ; Species ; Taxi- dermy ; Vertebrates ; Wings ; Worms. Refer from Animal kingdom ; Animals ; Beasts ; Biology ; Brutes ; Domestic ani- mals ; Fauna ; Invertebrates ; Mammals ; Natural history ; Quadrupeds ; Science ; Vertebrates. 194 APPENDIX A. Some hints on subject cataloging in dictionary style, by C. A. Cutter. B. Subheads under Countries and States. C. Subheads under Cities. D. Subheads under Bible. E. Subheads under Shakespeare. F. Subheads under Languages. G. Country and language divisions of the forms of Literature. C/ 195 A. SOME HINTS ON SUBJECT CATALOGING IN DICTIONARY STYLE. BY C. A. CUTTER. T"7 VERY book should be entered under the word that most closely expresses its li, main subject. This designation should be as exact as possible, neither too restricted, for then part of the book's contents will be wasted, nor too general, because it is not the purpose to make a classed catalog. Do not enter under the specific subject and under the including class also. This will only make of the dictionary catalog an incomplete and unsatisfactory classed catalog. [Cutter's Rules, 93.] If a book has two, three, or more subjects it must be put under as many head- ings. But before making more than one entry one should always consider whether there is not some word that includes all of them ; if there is, that word is the proper heading. Thus instead of putting "Gesture and expression; suggestions for speakers " under both Expression and Gesture it should be entered under Elocution. Green's " Plants and animals" should not be entered under both Botany and Zool- ogy but under Natural history. Sometimes only part of the subjects can be thus combined. In such cases the others must receive their individual entry. [Cutter's Rules, 109, no.] Some books are polytopical which do not appear to be so at first glance. "Travels in Armenia and China" every one would put under each country; " Plato's doctrine of painting," by Sartorius, has equally two subjects, Plato and Painting, and should be entered under each. [Cutter's Rules, 109, no.] If two subjects are frequently conjoined in books so that the same titles would appear under both headings, a saving may be made when one comes to print, by substituting a reference in one of the places. Many books, for example, treat of the United States and Canada. A Canadian library would put all of these under Canada, a United States library under United States, with a general reference under the other heading. But in a card catalog, where it is irksome to turn from one part to another, one ventures on such saving much less often. Not infrequently it is worth while to enter under a separate heading a subject which fills only a volume, a chapter, or an appendix. But the cataloger must be careful not to push this analytical work too far. He is not making an index but a catalog. A library with few books needs to bring out its hidden treasures in this way more than one which has whole works on the various subjects. But it must 197 APPENDIX be remembered that a reference in Mr. Fletcher's "A. L. A. index" will often serve about as well as an entry in one's own catalog, just as Poole's " Index to periodical literature " makes it wrong to write analyticals for any of the magazines indexed therein. [Cutter's Rules, 125-128.] Do not, at first, make very minute subdivisions under countries, but as the number of titles increases break them up more and more into groups. Other com- prehensive subjects, such as Law, Philosophy, Religion, may have subdivisions if made necessary by a large number of cards. The subheads appropriate under every subject are Bibliography, Dictionaries, History, Periodicals. [Cutter's Rules, 255, last three paragraphs of fine print. See also Appendixes B-F.] It will not do to trust the title-page alone in assigning subject headings. Titles are often misleading. Examine the table of contents and turn over the pages ; in many cases one must read a part of the work before one knows just what its subject is. For fuller discussion see Cutter's Rules for a dictionary catalog, third edition, pages 45-59. B. COUNTRIES AND STATES. i. A SHORTER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. BASED ON THE 1893 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON AN INDEX TO SUBJECT HEADINGS, LIBRARY JOURNAL, l8:C8o. Publications of the Government. These may be arranged before books about the country, as in the fuller scheme below, or the different departments, etc., may be arranged in the same alphabet as the subjects. Example : .Education. Education bureau. Finance. Geological survey. Geology. A full list of departments, bureaus, etc., of the United States government is given at the end of the Catalog of the public documents of the 53d Congress, Washington, 1896. Works about a Country or State. General and miscellaneous. [This heading need not be written on the cards.] * Agriculture. Antiquities. Army and navy [under states use Militia] . Bibliography. Biography. Church history. Colonies. Commerce and industries. Constitution. Description and travel. Directories. *Education. Finance. *Fine arts. Foreign relations, Treaties. * Geology [including physical geography and paleontology] . * Heraldry. History [subdivided by periods when neces- sary]. Laboring classes. Law. Literature. See adjective form of literature name ; i.e. (under France) See French literature. [Consult Appendix G.] Manners and customs. * Natural history. *Many catalogers prefer to enter books on an art or science under the art or science, subdivided by country Sf necessary. 198 COUNTRIES AND STATES Politics and government. Religion. Statistics. Surveys. If a book cannot properly be entered un- der either of the above subheads the proper heading may be selected from the fuller scheme given below. Small libraries are ad- vised not to multiply subdivisions until needed, as too many subheads are confusing. 2. A FULLER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. AS USED IN THE CARD CATALOG OF THE BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. [Printed by permission of the library.] I. Publications of the Government in its Dif- ferent Departments. Constitution. Constitution, works about. Executive government (as President, Gov- ernor, etc.). Legislative government (as Congress, Gen- eral court, Assembly, etc., with divi- sions-: Acts, laws; Journals; Reports; etc.). Ministers or departments (arranged alpha- betically) . 2. Works about a Country or State. Agriculture. Annexations. Antiquities. Architecture. See Fine arts. Archives. Army and navy. Asylums'. See Hospitals. Banks. Bibliography. See also Literature, division Bibliography. Biography and genealogy. Botany. Boundaries. Business associations. Canals. See Railroads. Capital and capitol. Census. Charities. Chronology. Civil and political institutions, etc. See Political history and affairs. Civil service. Civilization. Climate. See Meteorology. Coats of arms and seals. Coinage. See Numismatics. Colonies. Commerce. Conchology. See Malacology. Conventions and public meetings. Costume. Crime. See Prisons. Customs. See Manners and customs. Description, travel. See Geography. Dialects. See Language. Dictionaries. See Language. Directories (including registers of public officials). Drama (including stage). Ecclesiastical history. See History, relig- ious. Ecclesiastical institutions. See Religious institutions. Education. Elections. Emigration and immigration. Entomology. Epidemics. Ethnology. Exhibitions of industry and art. Finance. Currency question. Fine arts. General works. Painting. Architecture. Sculpture. Music. Fisheries. Folk-lore. Folk-songs. Foreign relations. Treaties. Forestry. Fortifications. Galleries and museums. Gazetteers. See Geography. 199 APPENDIX Genealogy. See Biography. Geodesy. Geography, description and travel. General works. Maps. Gazetteers. Views. Guide books. Geology, physical geography and paleontol- ogy- Grammar. See Language. Harbors. Health resorts. Heraldic and social distinctions. Herpetology. History. General works. Bibliography. By reigns, administrations, etc. Comprehensive works. Early periods. Historical fiction. Local history. Military history. See also Militia (under states). Naval history. Personal narratives (in histories of the American civil war) . Political history. See Political history (below) . Religious and ecclesiastical history. Hospitals and asylums. Ichthyology. Immigration. See Emigration. Indians. (For states.) Indians of the U. S. See Indians of America. Internal improvements. See Public works. Internal revenue. See Revenue. Jurisprudence. Laboring classes. Land question. Language. General works. Conversation and phrase books. Dialects. Dictionaries. Grammar. General works. Pronunciation. Prosody. Syntax. Reading books. Rhymes. Spelling. Works in the language. Libraries. Literary and scientific institutions. Literature. General works. Bibliography. See also Bibliography. Collections. Criticism. History. Poetry. Poetry, collections. Malacology. Manners and customs. Manufactures. Medicine (including diseases) . Meteorology and climatology. Military history. See History, military ; for states, see also Militia. Militia. (For states.) Mineralogy. Mines and mining. Missions. Music. See Fine arts. Mythology. Natural history. Naval history. See History, naval. Navy. See Army and navy. Newspapers. Numismatics. Ornithology. Painting. See Fine arts. Paleontology. See Geology. Patents. Periodicals. Philosophy. Physical geography. See Geology. Poetry. See Literature. Police. Political economy. Political history and affairs. Pomology. Poor, the. Population. See also Census. Printing. Prisons (including Crime). Public lands. Public works. Railroads, canals, etc. Reading books. See Language. Reformatory institutions. See Prisons. Registers of public officials. See Directories. Religious and ecclesiastical institutions. Revenue. Revenue, internal. Revenue, surplus. 200 CITIES Rhymes. See Language. Rivers. Roads. Sanitary affairs. Scientific institutions. See Literary and sci- entific institutions. Sculpture. See Fine arts. Slavery question. Social science. Sports and sporting. Statistics. Surplus. See Revenue. Surveys. Tariff. Taxation. Towns. Travel. See Geography. Treaties. See Foreign relations. Water power. Water supply. Weights and measures. Zoology. c. - CITIES. i. A SHORTER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. BASED ON THE 1893 REPORT OF THE COMMITTEE ON AN INDEX TO SUBJECT HEADINGS, LIBRARY JOURNAL, l8:C8o. Publications of a City. These may be arranged before books about the city as in the fuller scheme below, 'or the different departments may be arranged in the same alphabet as the subjects. Example : Finance. Fire department. Health board. History. Manners and customs. Mayor. Works about a City. General and miscellaneous. [This heading need not be written on the cards.] Antiquities. Bibliography. Biography. Charitable institutions. Churches and religious institutions. Description. Directories. Education. Finance. Fine arts. History. Manners and customs. Politics and government. Public works. Statistics. 2. A FULLER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. AS USED IN THE CARD CATALOG OF THE BOSTON PUBLIC LIBRARY. [Printed by permission of the library.] There are two divisions and two alphabets in the card catalog under Cities : i . The publications of a city, arranged alphabetically by the names of the depart- ments. 2. Books, etc., about a city, ar- ranged alphabetically by subjects, as Antiq- uities, Description, History, Parks. i. Charters. Mayor. City council. Board of aldermen. Common council. Departments, arranged alphabetically, varying with each city. and 201 APPENDIX 2. Annexations. Antiquities. Banks. Benevolent institutions. See Charitable in- stitutions. Bibliography. Biography and genealogy. Botany. Boundaries. Bridges. Business associations, etc. Cemeteries. Census. Centennial celebrations, etc. ^ Charitable institutions and affairs. Churches. See also Religious institutions. Clubs. Commerce. See Business. Commercial institutions. See Business asso- ciations. Conventions and public meetings. Courts. Custom-house. Description, topography, etc. General works. Guide books. Manners and customs. Maps. Views. Directories (including Registers of public officials). Ecclesiastical institutions. See Churches ; Religious institutions. Education. (General works on the educational insti- tutions and advantages of a city. Official publications, as those by the School committee, etc., are placed in division one, Departments Public schools, and School committee.) Elections. Epidemics. Exhibitions of industry and art. Fairs. Ferries. Finance. Financial institutions. See Banks ; Busi- ness associations. Fine arts. Fires. Fortifications. Fourth of July celebrations and orations. Galleries, museums, etc. Genealogy. See Biography. Geology. Guide books. See Description, division Guide books. Guilds. Harbor. History. Hospitals. Hotels, taverns, etc. Labor and laboring classes. Libraries. (Works about the libraries of a city. Libraries belonging to a city are in- cluded in the first division, as a depart- ment of the city.) Literary and scientific institutions, etc. Manners and customs. See Description. Manufactures. Maps. See Description. Markets. Monuments. Museums. See Galleries. Musical organizations. (To be found under their corporate names, as Apollo club.) Parks. Paving. See Streets. Police. Political organizations and affairs. Poor, the. Post-office. Printing. Prisons and reformatory institutions. Public buildings. Public meetings. See Conventions. Public schools. See references under Edu- cation. Railroads. Registers of public officials. See Direc- tories. Religious institutions and affairs. Riots. Sanitary affairs. Schools. See Education. Scientific institutions. See Literary insti- tutions. Sewerage. Statistics. Streets. Suits at law, plaintiff or defendant. Taxation. Theatres. Topography. See Description. Views. See Description. 202 Vital statistics. See Statistics. Voters. Voting precincts. Wards. BIBLE Water supply. Wharves. Miscellaneous. D. BIBLE. r. A SHORTER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. Whole Bible. Text of the whole Bible. Works about the whole Bible. General and miscellaneous. [This head- ing need not be written on the cards.] Concordances. Dictionaries. Old Testament. Text. Works about the Old Testament. Collections of books, such as Pentateuch, Historical books, etc. Single books [arranged in the same order as in the Bible. Works about a book fol- low its text] . Apocrypha. New Testament. Text. Works about the New Testament. Collections of books, such as Gospels, Epistles, etc. Single books [arranged in the same order as in the Bible. Works about a book fol- low its text] . Apocryphal New Testament. 2. A FULLER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. [Printed, with additions, by permission of the New York State Library School.] Whole Bible. Bible treated as an author, i. e., original text. Polyglots. English, with and without commen- taries, chronologically arranged. In other languages, alphabetically as to names of languages. Selections. Bible treated as a subject, i. e., works about the Bible. Antiquities. Bibliography and literary history. Biography. Canon. Chronology. Commentaries without text. Concordances. Criticism, interpretation, etc. Dictionaries. Evidences, authority, etc. Geography. Hermeneutics. See Criticism, interpre- tation, etc. History of biblical events. Illustrative works. See Miscellaneous. Inspiration. Introductions. Language, style. Paraphrases. Questions. See Sunday School question books (under Sunday). Revision. Science. Miscellaneous. Old Testament. Text. Works about the Old Testament. Collections of books, such as Octateuch, Pentateuch, etc. 203 APPENDIX Single books. [Arrange text of each book Bel and the Dragon. alphabetically by language. Works Prayer of Manasses. Maccabees, i ,2,3,4. about a book follow its text.] Genesis. Song of Solomon. Other Apocryphal books in alphabetic order, as : Adam, Enoch, Jasher. Exodus. Isaiah. Leviticus. Jeremiah. Numbers. Lamentations. New Testament. Text. Deuteronomy. Ezekiel. Joshua. Daniel. Judges. Hosea. Works about the New Testament. Collections of books, such as : Ruth. Joel. Gospels, Samuel, 1,2. Amos. " Harmonies, Kings, 1,2. Obadiah. Chronicles, i, 2, Jonah. Ezra. Micah. Epistles, etc. Single books. [See note under O. T.] Matthew. Thessalonians, i, 2. Nehemiah. Nahum. Mark. Timothy, 1,2. Lukp Titnc Esther. Habakkuk. .i_uivv,. XltUo. Job. Zephaniah. Psalms. Haggai. John. Philemon. Acts. Hebrews. Proverbs. Zechariah. Ecclesiastes. Malachi. Romans. James. Corinthians, 1,2. Peter, 1,2. Apocrypha : collections of books. Single books. Esdras. Ecclesiasticus. Galatians. John, i, 2, 3. Ephesians. Jude. Philippians. Revelation. Colossians. Tobit. Baruch. Judith. Song of the three Apocryphal New Testament. Wisdom of Solo- children. Collections. mon. Susanna. Single books. SHAKESPEARE. i. A SHORTER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. Shakespeare's Works. Collected works. Poetic works. Selections. Quotations. Single plays. [Arrange alphabetically by title, with illustrative works following each.] Single poems. [Arrange alphabetically, etc.] Works about Shakespeare. General and miscellaneous. [This heading need not be written on the cards.] Authorship. Bibliography. Biography. Concordances. Dictionaries. 204 LANGUAGES 2. A FULLER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. [Prepared for the New York State Library School, by Edith Davenport Fuller.] Shakespeare's Works. Collected works and collected plays. [Ar- range chronologically by imprint.] Single plays. [Arrange plays alphabetically by title, with their illustrative works fol- lowing each. Editions of each play are arranged chronologically by imprint, fol- lowed by their illustrative works arranged alphabetically by author.] Poetic works. [Arrange chronologically by imprint, with criticisms, etc., following.] Single poems. [See note under Single plays.] Selections. [Arrange alphabetically by com- piler.] Quotations. Shakespeare's will. Spurious and doubtful works. Translations. [These are better arranged with the English editions. If by them- selves they will come after Spurious and doubtful works.] Works about Shakespeare. Authorship. Bibliography. Biography and general criticism. [Biography includes Portraits, and various personal questions as Autograph, House, Name, etc. Criticism includes Com- mentaries without text. The criticism on a single play follows its text.] Celebrations. Characters. Chronology. Commentaries. See Biography. Concordances. Cyclopedias. See Dictionaries. Dictionaries. Forgeries. Indexes. See Concordances. Language, pronunciation and versification. Shakespeare-Bacon controversy. See Author- ship. Sources, Stories, Imitations, etc. Textual criticism. General. [The textual criticism of a single play follows its text.] Periodicals. Societies. Miscellaneous. Titles, etc., beginning with the word Shake- speare. F. LANGUAGES. i. A SHORTER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. General and miscellaneous. [This heading need not be written on the cards.] Dialects. Dictionaries. Etymology [meaning derivation] . Grammar. History. Pronunciation. Prosody. Readers. Spelling. Synonyms. 2. A FULLER SCHEME OF SUBHEADS. General and miscellaneous. [This heading need not be written on the cards.] Accents. Alphabet. Bibliography. Composition. Conversation and phrase books. Dialects. 205 APPENDIX Dictionaries. Etymology [meaning derivation] . Grammar. History. Idioms. Metre. See Prosody. Orthography. See Spelling. Periodicals. Pronunciation. Prosody. Readers. Rhymes. Spelling. Study and teaching. Synonyms. Syntax. See Grammar. G. COUNTRY AND LANGUAGE DIVISIONS OF THE FORMS OF LITERATURE. For these the adjective form of the country or language name may be used : French literature and French poetry, not France, Literature, and France, Poetry. The following are the principal forms of literature which may be placed under the local adjective prefix : Ballads. Drama. Essays. Fiction. Language. Letters. Literature. Newspapers. Orations. Parodies. Periodicals. Poetry. Satire. Songs. Sonnets. Wit and humor. Other forms of literature should be kept together under the form heading instead of being scattered through the alphabet under the country adjective. Such are : Allegories. Hymns. Anecdotes. Inscriptions. Dialogues. Legends. Emblems. Maxims. Epigrams. Mottoes. Epitaphs. Proverbs. Fables. Quotations. Fairy tales. Riddles. Folk-lore. Sermons. The smaller libraries may prefer to enter English ballads, drama, etc., with the gen- eral works under the headings Ballads, Drama, etc. [Modified from the Report of the Com- mittee on an index to subject headings, Chicago, 1893 (Library journal, i8:C8o)]. 206 / */ BeL. (> x-v^p UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES University of California SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed. Form L-!> 20m-12,'30(.laW) OF C AT AKGKLKS A505 1 American -List or- association headings for use dictionary " A505 1 1901 JJ 000792375 8