Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2007 with funding from IVIicrosoft Corporation http://www.archive.org/details/cottagecongregatOOhartrich COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS FOR CHILDREN RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION PUBLICATIONS THE STANDARD OF LIVING AMONG WORKINGMEN'S FAMILIES IN NEW YORK CITY. By Robert Coit Chapin, Ph.D. 388 pages. 131 tables. 16 diagrams. Price, postpaid, $2.00. MEDICAL INSPECTION OF SCHOOLS. By Luther Halsey Gulick. M.D., and Leonard P. Ayres, A.M. 286 pages. Third edition. Price, post- paid, 1 1, 00. LAGGARDS IN OUR SCHOOLS: A Study of Retardation and Elimination in City School Systems. By Leonard P. Ayres, A.M. 252 pages. 106 tables. 38 diagrams. Second edition. Price, postpaid, $1.50. THE PITTSBURGH SURVEY Women and the Trades. By Elizabeth Beardsley Butler. Price, postpaid, $1.72. Work-Accidents and the Law. By Crystal Eastman. Price, postpaid, $1.71. The Steel Workers. By John A. Fitch, Expert, New York Dept. of Labor. (In press.) Homestead: The Households of a Steel Town. By Margaret F. Byington. (In press.) The Pittsburgh District. Symposium by John R. Commons, Robert A. Woods, Florence Kelley, Charles Mulford Robinson and others. (In preparation.) Pittsburgh: The Gist or the Survey. By Paul U. Kellogg. (In preparation.) HOUSING REFORM. A Handbook for Practical Use in American Cities. By Lawrence Veiller. 220 pages. 5 schedules. Price, postpaid, 11.25. A MODEL TENEMENT HOUSE LAW. By Lawrence Veiller. 130 pages. Price, postpaid, I1.25. AMONG SCHOOL GARDENS. By M. Louise Greene, M.Pd.. Ph.D. Illus- trated. 380 pages. Price, postpaid, 1 1. 25. WORKINGMEN'S INSURANCE IN EUROPE. By Lee K. Frankel and Miles M. Dawson, with the coHDperation of Louis I. Dublin. 450 pages. 145 tables. Price, postpaid, $2.70. THE CAMPAIGN AGAINST TUBERCULOSIS IN THE UNITED STATES: Including a Directory of Institutions dealing with Tuberculosis in the United States and Canada. Compiled under the direction of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculosis. By Philip P. Jacobs. 467 pages. Price, postpaid, $1.00. REPORT ON THE DESIRABILITY OF ESTABLISHING AN EMPLOY- MENT BUREAU IN THE CITY OF NEW YORK. By Edward T. Devine, Ph.D., LL.D. 238 pages. Price, postpaid, ?i. 00. CORRECTION AND PREVENTION. Four volumes prepared for the Eighth International Prison Congress. Edited by Charles Richmond Hender- son, Ph.D. Price per set, |io; per volume, $2.50. Prison Reform. By Chas. R. Henderson, F. B. Sanborn, F. H. Wines and Others. And, Criminal Law m THE United States. By Eugene Smith. Illustrated. 320 pages. Penal and Reformatory Institutions. By Sixteen Leading Authorities. Illustrated. 346 pages. Preventive Agencies and Methods. By Charles Richmond Henderson, Ph.D. 440 pages. Preventive Treatment of Neglected Children. By Hastings H. Hart, LL.D. Illus- trated. 420 pages. JUVENILE COURT LAWS IN THE UNITED STATES SUMMARIZED. 160 pages. Price, postpaid, $1.50. THE WIDER USE OF THE SCHOOL PLANT. By Clarence A. Perry. (In press.) CHARITIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE 105 EAST 22D STREET, NEW YORK RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION COTTAGE AND CON- GREGATE INSTITUTIONS FOR CHILDREN By HASTINGS H. HART, LL.D. u DIRECTOR DEPARTMENT OF CHILD-HELPING OF THE RUSSELL SAGE FOUNDATION NEW YORK CHARITIES PUBLICATION COMMITTEE MCMX 1 1»'^ Copyright, 1 910, by The Russell Sage Foundation PRESS OF WM. F. FELL CO., PHILADELPHIA PREFACE THIS is intended as a handbook for the use of trustees and officers of institutions for children. It is hoped that it will be found practically useful to those who desire to establish a new institution or to reorganize an old one. In Part I will be found concrete suggestions on organization, which are based upon actual experience.^ At the conclusion of this section, seven cottage plans are presented, views and floor plans of which will be found among the illustrations. These cottages repre- sent the most recent and practical plans within the knowledge of the author. They have been selected with reference to their practical adaptability. Most of them represent cottages of the smaller type, accommodating from twenty to thirty children each. Part II contains a plan for a cottage with outdoor sleeping porches, intended to suggest a type of cottage which it is believed will be desirable for many children in institutions. In Part III, a study of fifty representative congregate and cot- tage institutions is presented. This study was made for the purpose of furnishing concrete information for those who contemplate the organization of institutions on the cottage plan. Of many interesting institutions visited, a number have been left out of this inquiry either because they were too highly organized to meet average requirements, or because of the necessary limitations of such a study. The author takes this opportunity to acknowledge the courtesy and patience with which the superintendents and offi- cers of all of the fifty institutions have aided in this study. V 272621 TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE I. How to Organize a Children's Institution . . . . i II. Plans for a Children's Cottage with Outdoor Sleeping Porches 15 I I I. A Study of Fifty Cottage and Congregate Institutions . . 25 IV. Statistics of Cottage and Congregate Institutions . . 53 Vll LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS PAGE Children's Cottage — Outdoor Sleeping Porches . Frontispiece New York Children's Aid Society, Boys' Farm, Valhalla, New York 7 Albany Orphan Asylum, Albany, New York 1 1 Albany Orphan Asylum — Floor Plans 1 1 Children's Cottage with Outdoor Sleeping Porches . . • 17 Children's Cottage with Outdoor Sleeping Porches — First Floor Plan 18 Children's Cottage with Outdoor Sleeping Porches — Second Floor Plan 19 Children's Cottage with Outdoor Sleeping Porches — Basement Plan 20 Children's Cottage with Outdoor Sleeping Porches — Section Plan 22 Jewish Protectory, Hawthorne, New York. Cottage . . 27 Jewish Protectory, Cottage — Floor Plans 29 Indiana Girls' School, Clermont, Indiana. Cottage . . -31 Indiana Girls' School. Cottage — First Floor Plan ... 32 Indiana Girls' School. Cottage — Second Floor Plan ... 33 Illinois Training School for Girls, Geneva, Illinois ... 34 Illinois Training School for Girls. Fabyan Cottage — First Floor Plan 36 Illinois Training School for Girls. Fabyan Cottage — Second Floor Plan 37 Philadelphia House of Refuge for Girls. Cottage — First Floor Plan 40 Philadelphia House of Refuge for Girls. Cottage — Second Floor Plan 41 Evanston Receiving Home, Evanston, Illinois .... 45 Evanston Receiving Home, Evanston, Illinois — Floor Plans . 45 New York Catholic Protectory. Main Building, Boys' Depart- ment 48 New York Catholic Protectory. St. Patrick's Yard ... 48 IX LIST OF TABLES TABLE PAGE 1. Comparative statement of floor space, cost of plant and current expenses . 55 2. Delinquent children — congregate institutions — square feet of floor space . 58 3. Delinquent children — cottage institutions — square feet of floor space . . 60 4. Dependent children — congregate institutions — square feet of floor space . 64 5. Dependent children — cottage institutions — square feet of floor space . . 68 6. Delinquent children— congregate institutions — cost of lands, buildings, etc., and current expenses 70 7. Delinquent children — cottage institutions — cost of lands, etc., and current expenses 72 8. Dependent children — congregate institutions — cost of lands, buildings, etc., and current expenses "j^) 9. Dependent children — cottage institutions — cost of plant and current expenses 80 10. Consolidated payrolls — institutions for dependent children — monthly salaries of employes 82 1 1 . Consolidated payrolls — institutions for delinquent children — monthly salaries of employes 84 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS— DELINQUENT 12. Hudson County Catholic Protectory 87 13. House of Refuge of the Managers of the Society for Reformation of Juvenile Offenders 88 14. State Industrial School 89 15. New York Catholic Protectory (Male Department) 90 16. New York Catholic Protectory (Female Department) 91 17. Cincinnati House of Refuge 92 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS— DELINQUENT 18. Connecticut School for Boys 93 19. State Training School for Girls 94 20. St. Charles School for Boys 95 21. Indiana Girls' School 96 22. Indiana Boys' School 97 23. State School for Boys 98 24. State Industrial School for Girls 99 25. Lyman School for Boys 100 26. Minnesota State Training School loi 27. State Home for Boys 102 28. Hawthorne School of the Jewish Protectory and Aid Society . . . .103 29. State Agricultural and Industrial School 104 30. Cleveland Boys' Home 105 31. Boys' Industrial School for the State of Ohio 106 32. Sockanosset School for Boys 107 33. Wisconsin Industrial School for Girls 108 34. Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys 109 xi LIST OF TABLES TABLE CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS— DEPENDENT ^^^^ 35. New Haven Orphan Asylum iio 36. St. Francis Orphan Asylum 1 1 1 37. Fairfield County Children's Home 112 38. Wm. L. Gilbert Home 113 39. St. Mary's Training School 114 40. Protestant Orphan Asylum 115 41. Washburn Memorial Orphan Asylum 116 42. St. Michael's Orphan Asylum 117 43. Protestant Foster Home 118 44. Buffalo Orphan Asylum i iq 45. German Roman Catholic Asylum . . - ^ 120 46. Children's Home 121 47. St. Joseph Orphanage 122 48. Jewish Orphan Asylum 123 49. Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum 1 24 50. St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum 125 51. St. Rose's Orphan Asylum 126 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS— DEPENDENT 52. Illinois Manual Training School Farm 127 53. Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' Home 128 54. Rose Orphan Home 1 29 55. Goodwill Farm 130 56. Michigan State School for Dependent and Ill-treated Children . . .131 57. Minnesota State Public School 132 58. Albany Orphan Asylum 133 59. Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society Orphan Asylum 134 60. Rochester Orphan Asylum 135 61. State Public School 136 Xll I HOW TO ORGANIZE A CHILDREN'S INSTITUTION HOW TO ORGANIZE A CHILDREN'S INSTITUTION THE question of the organization or reorganization of an institu- tion for children is one of extraordinary importance. It is important from an economic point of view. For example: a small institution providing for one hundred children will involve the purchase of land and the erection of buildings at a cost of approxi- mately 1 1 00,000. It will involve the expenditure of from 1 10,000 to $20,000 per year, which means, if capitalized in the form of en- dowment, an endowment of from $250,000 to $500,000. If a new in- stitution is built, without endowment, to be maintained by benevolent contributions, it means a tax upon the benevolent public of from $10,000 to $20,000 per year as long as the institution is maintained. The proposition to establish an institution is even more grave from the standpoint of the welfare of the child. It is vitally im- portant that such an institution shall be so organized as to accomplish the beneficent purpose for which it is intended; that it shall be so wisely planned and so faithfully administered as to insure the safety of the lives of the children who are to be committed to it, the develop- ment of their bodies to the highest degree of efficiency, wise, practical intellectual education, and the highest possible spiritual development. The ordinary principles of common sense would dictate that where such large and sacred interests are involved the proposition should be considered with great care and deliberation, and that infor- mation should be sought from every available source; yet it is a com- mon thing for institutions to be established on impulse, without the aid of expert advice. It was announced recently that a man in a south- ern state had died leaving an endowment of $400,000 for an institu- tion for girls. This man, who was without experience in philan- thropic work, met an acquaintance on the street one day, and said, " If you wanted to invest some money to do good in this city, what would you do with it?" His friend replied, " I think I should estab- lish some kind of an institution for girls." Acting on this suggestion the man employed an architect who was without experience in build- ing institutions, and erected a handsome building. When fhe build- I COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS ing was erected, and nearly ready for occupancy, a man of experience was invited in and asked to advise whether the institution should be used for an orphan asylum for girls or for an industrial school for girls, or for some other purpose. The founder was without informa- tion as to what type of institution was needed in that community, and the building had been erected without special adaptation to any one form of institutional work. There are now in the city of Philadelphia two large endowments, one to make provision for orphan girls who have lost both parents, the other to make provision for orphan boys who have lost both parents. It is practically impossible to utilize these endowments for the purpose proposed by the donors, for the reason that very few children who have lost both parents are in need of institutional provision. Such children can readily be provided for in family homes, and nearly all of them are so cared for. If the generous men who made these bequests had consulted some of the wise people who are caring for children in Philadelphia, these endowments would have taken some other form. A wealthy man in a northern state before his death built a children's home with a capacity of 250 children. When he died he left an endowment of $400,000 for the maintenance of the home. He inserted a proviso in his will that $10,000 per year of the income should be set apart for one hundred years to increase the endowment. The care of these children ought to cost about $150 a year per child, but the trustees have had available from the endowment and other sources only about $115 per child. They are unable to obtain dona- tions for current expenses because they are popularly supposed to have an abundant income, and the children suffer for lack of adequate care because of the inconsiderate action of the founder. In some states, for example. New York and Illinois, the law provides that charters for new children's institutions must be ap- proved by the state board of charities or some other responsible body, before articles of incorporation can be issued. The Illinois law provides that "no association whose objects embrace the caring for dependent, neglected or delinquent children shall hereafter be incorporated unless the proposed articles of incorporation shall first have been submitted to the examination of the board of state com- missioners of public charities, and the secretary of state shall not issue a certificate of incorporation unless there shall first be filed in his office the certificate of said board of state commissioners of public charitiesnhat said board has examined the said articles of incorpora- HOW TO ORGANIZE A CHILDREN S INSTITUTION tion and that, in his judgment, the incorporators are reputable and respectable persons, the proposed work is needed, and the incorpora- tion of such association is desirable and for the public good; amend- ments proposed to the articles of incorporation or association having as an object the care and disposal of dependent, neglected or delin- quent children, shall be submitted in like manner/' This provision of law tends to the exercise of greater care and wisdom in the creation of new institutions or the reorganization of old ones. COMMITTEE ON ORGANIZATION AND ITS DUTIES Whenever it is proposed to organize a new institution for chil- dren, or to reorganize an old one, whether by individual beneficence or by an organized society or board of trustees, it would be wise to first appoint a carefully selected committee for the purpose of de- termining in advance what are to be the policy, methods and equip- ment of the institution. This committee should usually consist of both men and women, even though the institution is to care for one sex only. This committee should consult competent experts and should obtain information by correspondence and by visits to typical institutions of a similar character, both good and bad, in order to guide their judgment. Competent advice is now available in nearly every large city without cost other than the necessary traveling ex- penses, and the superintendents of all well organized institutions will cheerfully furnish information and advice on request. Among the matters which must be decided by such a com- mittee on organization are the following: Is the Institution Needed? Is the proposed institution, or the proposed enlargement needed, or, in the case of an institution already established, ought the institution to be continued? This question is often a practical one. In the city of Boston about two years ago the trustees of the Boston Female Asylum after grave deliberation came to the conclusion that that institution was no longer needed. They gradually made other provision for the inmates, sold the property, and organized in its place the Boston Society for the Care of Girls. Some thirteen different institutions for children have been closed during the past fifteen years in the state of Massachusetts, notwithstanding the large increase in population in that state. This has been made possible by the increased develop- ment of the plan of caring for both dependent and delinquent chil- dren in selected family homes. 3 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS In the state of Indiana, a few years ago, there were fifty county children's homes. Experience proved that so large a number of county homes was unnecessary and as a result some twelve of the Indiana county children's homes have been closed, and others are soon to be discontinued. In the state of Wisconsin some years ago the Lutheran church was maintaining an orphanage. They then organized a ''kinder- freund society" for the purpose of placing orphan children in private family homes, and a short time thereafter they decided to transform the orphanage into a school, and to provide for all of the children in family homes. It has frequently happened that benevolent people have created unnecessary institutions in communities where there was urgent need for institutions of a different class. The committee should make an exhaustive study in order to insure the wisest possible direction of the benevolent purpose of the donors. Under What Auspices? It is necessary to decide under what auspices the institution shall be operated. Shall it be directed by the donor individually, as is done in a very few cases; shall it be directed by a self-perpetuating board of trustees; shall it be directed by a board of trustees selected by some other body, as, for example, by some church organization ; shall it be managed by a board desig- nated by the governor or the mayor or the judge of some court? It is necessary also to decide whether the institution will seek to come under public supervision where such public supervision is available, as in New York, Illinois, Indiana and Minnesota. How to he Maintained. It is necessary to decide how the in- stitution shall be maintained. Shall it be maintained entirely from endowment funds; shall it be maintained entirely from the gifts of a single donor; shall it be maintained from the revenue of some re- ligious organization; shall it be maintained in whole or in part by funds to be solicited from year to year, and shall such funds be col- lected by volunteer unpaid collectors or shall paid solicitors be em- ployed? Shall the institution seek a maintenance in whole or in part by appropriations from the public treasury, state, county or city? In a number of states, like New York, Pennsylvania, Mary- land, Connecticut and California, many private institutions are supported in whole or in part by such appropriations. Classes of Children to he Received. The committee must deter- mine what class of children shall be received, — delinquent, dependent or defective children. If delinquent children are to be received, it must be decided what sex and ages shall be accepted and how the 4 HOW TO ORGANIZE A CHILDREN S INSTITUTION children shall be received, whether by commitment from the courts or by the authority of their parents and guardians, or otherwise. If dependent children are to be received, the sex and ages must be determined, and if infants are to be received it must be decided whether they shall be received with or without their mothers and also whether sick children shall be accepted. If defective children are to be received, the committee must consider whether the institu- tion will accept deaf children, blind children, feeble-minded children, epileptics, cripples, deformed children, incurable cases, etc. IVork to be Undertaken. Having decided what class of children is to be cared for, the next step is to consider what is to be done for them. For delinquent children it will be necessary to provide educa- tion, including moral, religious, manual and domestic training, and also to provide for physical renovation and development. For dependent children it will be necessary to determine whether children are to be brought up to young manhood and woman- hood, as at Girard Q)llege, or whether they are to be kept until the age of eight or twelve, as in some orphan asylums; whether they are to be subject to recall of parents or relatives, or whether the in- stitution is to serve as a temporary receiving home, to prepare the children for placing out in family homes. If temporary care is to be provided, it must be determined whether parents will be encouraged or required to meet a portion of the expense of maintenance. If children are to be placed in family homes, it must be determined whether the committee will insist upon securing complete guardian- ship or whether they will place children in family homes subject to recall by parents, and whether children are to be placed out on in- denture or by adoption. Shall the institution maintain schools of its own or send its children to public schools; shall it undertake manual and industrial training, or plan to send its children out before they reach the age when such training is practicable? If blind children are to be received, shall it be little children like those in the Sunshine Home for Blind Babies in New York, or older children, as in the Perkins Institution for the Blind in Boston? If deaf children, shall it be for little children, like those in the Pennsyl- vania Home for the Training in Speech of Deaf Children, or for older children of school age? If an institution for feeble-minded children is to be established, shall it be maintained on an expensive basis for the children of the rich who can pay liberally, or on a modest basis for children of parents in moderate circumstances who can pay little or 5 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS nothing for their support? If epileptics are to be received, similar questions will arise. If crippled and deformed children are to be cared for, the question will arise whether the institution shall be a hospital for orthopedic surgery, like that of the New York Society for the Relief of the Ruptured and Crippled and the Chicago Home for Indigent Crippled Children, or whether it shall be an asylum for the care of children who have already had their surgical opportunity, like the State Hospital School at Canton, Massachusetts. If incurable cases are to be received, the question will arise as to what diseases, if any, shall be barred. If a children's hospital be established, it must be decided what classes of cases shall be treated. For all of these plans it will be necessary to determine in ad- vance approximately the scale of expenditure to be adopted, because that decision will affect the decision as to the character of the build- ings. The plant may be such as to absolutely prohibit an economical administration, while on the other hand the buildings may be so contracted and so cheap in their construction as to make it impossible to furnish adequate care for the children, or suitable accommodation for the employes. Type of Institution. The committee must decide upon the type of the institution. Shall it be organized on the congregate plan with all of the children housed in one or two large buildings; shall it be organized on the cottage plan; or shall there be a combination of the cottage and congregate plans? If the cottage plan is adopted, what shall be the cottage unit? Shall the cottages accommodate 50, or 30, or 20, or 16, or 12 children each, and what shall be the aggregate population? Shall there be general dining rooms, kitchens and school rooms, or shall each cottage be supplied with a dining room, a kitchen and a school room? Shall the children receive school instruction in the institution or shall they go to the public school? Shall there be a special building for in- dustrial training, and if so, what shall be its equipment? Shall there be a central heating plant or shall there be a separate heating plant for each building? What method of heating shall be employed? Shall the institution pump its own water and provide its own elec- tricity, or shall it obtain water and electricity from public service companies? Shall there be a laundry, shops, etc., connected with the central heating plant, or shall there be cottage laundries for the training of the older girls? Shall the baking be done in a separate plant, or shall it be done in the several kitchens? Shall there be a special building devoted to play and recreation? If so, shall it 6 HOW TO ORGANIZE A CHILDREN S INSTITUTION contain gymnasium equipment and swimming baths? Shall there be a separate chapel building? Shall there be a separate adminis- tration building, and if so, what departments shall it contain? Shall the employes live in the cottages with the children, or shall they have individual cottages of their own, or shall there be a general residence building for employes? Building Material. The committee must decide upon the material to be used in the buildings. Shall they be constructed of wood, brick, stucco, reinforced concrete, concrete blocks, hollow tile, or shall there be a variety of material, as, for example, in the Children's Village at Chauncey, New York? What^amount of space in the several buildings shall be devoted to dormitories, sitting rooms, play rooms, school rooms, dining rooms, kitchens, baths and lava- tories, clothes rooms and store rooms? Selection of Site. The committee must decide upon a location . This decision involves the question whether the institution shall be located on a farm or on a small tract of land. It involves the ques- tion of the quality of the land. Shall it be suitable for general agri- culture, or for market gardening, or for fruit raising? The site must be selected with reference to its healthfulness, drainage, water supply, adequate sunlight, etc. Shall a location be sought in the vicinity of a river or lake in order to secure beautiful surroundings, principally for bathing, etc.? The site must be selected with reference to the convenient location and distribution of buildings. For example, some juvenile reformatories are now dividing their land up into small tracts of 20 to 40 acres, each with its own cottage, stable and other buildings. The institution must be located with reference to trans- portation facilities, partly for convenience and economy in delivering building material and other supplies; partly for convenience of access by trustees, visitors, officers delivering children and parents visiting their children. (In some cases it may be desirable not to make the Home too accessible to visitors.) It is necessary also to take into account the convenience of employes in visiting a neigh- boring town for the purpose of shopping and recreation. It is diffi- cult to keep good employes at a remote and inaccessible point. Conclusion. It is desirable, if possible, that these preliminary steps be taken under the direction of the directors or trustees who are to manage the institution subsequently. The practice of hav- ing an institution built by a temporary commission and turned over afterwards to a permanent board of trustees has serious inconveni- ences, for the reason that the board of trustees almost invariably 7 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS discovers serious omissions on the part of the temporary commission, and sometimes the defects discovered prove to be radical and irre- deemable. It may be desirable to secure the services of a competent engineer, an expert on soil, and sometimes a landscape gardener in order to form an adequate judgment as to the availability of the proposed site; also to obtain the services of a competent and disin- terested real estate man to advise as to the price which should be paid. The donation of a site, even though it be a valuable property, is often a disadvantage. Many institutions have been wrongly located at a large ultimate loss because of a donation of land. It is a great mistake to allow a property worth hundreds of thousands of dollars to be disadvantageously located because some one is willing to make a donation of §5,000 or f 10,000 in land or money. It is much better to be able to make a selection with sole view to the fitness of the location. The architect should be selected early in the proceedings. If possible he should have had some practical experience in erecting in- stitutions. If he lacks that experience it will be economical to send him at the expense of the committee to study similar institutions. It is very desirable that he should accompany the committee in any visits that they may make in order that they may receive concurrent impressions. The architect should receive adequate compensation to justify him in rendering the best possible service. There is no more economical expenditure than what is paid for adequate studies, detailed drawing and competent superintendence. The architect's compensation should be so arranged that it will not be an advantage to him to increase the cost of the plant, and he should be a man of such character that he will not be in danger of sacrificing the practical utility of the building in order to build a monument for himself. There are hundreds of institutions in the United States which have been made showy and pretentious in order to produce a monumental effect while the provision for children and employes is inadequate. The architect should know how to secure beauty by the lines and proportions of the building rather than by expensive carving, terra cotta and ginger-bread work. He should know how to secure the maximum of valuable space, conveniently arranged, with the minimum of waste space and expensive material. A wise committee will allow themselves sufficient time to work out their problem. It is absolutely impossible to make such a study as here proposed successfully within a period of 30 or 60 days. 8 HOW TO ORGANIZE A CHILDREN S INSTITUTION PLANS FOR COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS PRESENTED* There are presented herewith several plans for cottages which are considered especially meritorious : f First: An elevation and floor plans for a children's cottage with outdoor sleeping porches, providing for a complete domestic estab- lishment for twenty children and two care-takers. (See part II.) Second: A view and plans of a cottage at the Jewish Protectory at Hawthorne, N. Y., accommodating thirty children, without kitchen or dining-room. This institution has a central kitchen and dining- hall. The dormitory arrangement of this cottage is especially good, providing windows on three sides. The sitting-rooms, also, are very cheerful. Third: A view and floor plans of a cottage at the Indiana Girls' School, Clermont, Ind. This cottage has wings set at an angle which secure the maximum of light and air. The second floor is so arranged that the door of every girl's room is visible from the matron's room, giving a very complete oversight. Fourth: A view and floor plans of a cottage at the Illinois Training School for Girls. This cottage is rectangular in form, se- curing the highest economy of construction. On the first floor, the assembly room at one end and the dining room at the other, extend- ing clear across the building, minimize the amount of space required for corridors. Fijth: Floor plans of the Philadelphia House of Refuge for Girls. In this cottage, like the Indiana cottage, the arrangement is such as to place the door of every girl's room under supervision from the room of the officer in charge. The doors of the girls' rooms are never locked, but an annunciator records the opening of any door. Sixth: A view and floor plans of the Evanston receiving home of the Illinois Children's Home and Aid Society. This cottage is unique in the fact that a receiving ward is located on the third floor and is not connected with the rest of the house, having a separate fireproof staircase of its own and outdoor roof garden for exercise. Incoming children undergo a quarantine of about two weeks in this ward. On the second floor provision is made for twelve little children from one to five years of age. On the first floor are the kitchen, * After writing the foregoing, the writer discovered in the files of the Russell Sage Foundation, a report on the Albany Orphan Asylum which admirably illus- trates the principles here set forth. See pages 10-13. t For the pages on which views and floor plans of these cottages may be found, see the List of Illustrations. 9 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS dining room, etc., and a day room for twelve older girls who have their dormitories on the second floor in a separate department from the smaller children. This house is fireproof, being built of brick, reinforced concrete, and steel. It is so arranged as to divide the children into small groups. Only one dormitory contains more than four children, and there are several single rooms. Seventh: A general view of the Albany Orphan Asylum with floor plans of one cottage. The Albany Orphan Asylum is an excel- lent example of the modern cottage institution. It provides 130 beds for children. The value of the plant per bed is I1279. The annual current expense is I191 per child. There are four cottages, each providing for about 32 children. Each cottage has two dormi- tories. There is an excellent arrangement of dressing-rooms, locker- rooms, etc. The dormitories have windows on two sides and are so arranged as to permit cross-ventilation through adjoining rooms. REORGANIZATION OF THE ALBANY ORPHAN ASYLUM The history of the reorganization of the Albany Orphan Asylum is an excellent illustration of the right way to execute such an under- taking. It is recorded as follows in a report of Hiram W. Slack, a special agent of the Russell Sage Foundation, who inspected the institution for the purpose of obtaining these facts. For seventy-five years the asylum was carried on under the congregate plan. Certain considerations which led to a change of plan are presented in a report of the board of managers made in 1906, as follows: "For more than three-quarters of a century the asylum has quietly done its work and has cared for over 8,500 children. . . But time has brought certain changes in the relation of the commun- ity with its charities. . . . The growth of public institutions has aroused, and occasional shortcomings have apparently justified, the suspicion that the individual is overwhelmed in the mass, and that personality may be destroyed by deadly routine. . . . The managers have long felt their inability to solve two important prob- lems. They have been unable to avoid the congregation of the children in large buildings and to provide instruction in so-called 'manual training.' A means of correcting these defects did not appear until the opportunity recently given by the sale of the asylum property to the State Normal College. The purchase of another estate and the erection of new buildings now afford the long desired chance to remodel the institution on modern lines." This report goes on to say that by reason of limitation of funds 10 HOW TO ORGANIZE A CHILDREN'S INSTITUTION SecoNO rtooB PLftN- COTTfJSCS nesr n.ooa f\.m4 CorTf^aea Albany Orphan Asylum — Floor Plans 11 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS the board of managers was compelled to decide whether "a. great man}^ children shall be taken from the streets and herded in large buildings, or a small number grouped in cottages and properly trained." At that time the number of children cared for was about 300. The board adopted the cottage plan and the number of chil- dren under care was reduced about two-thirds. The board of managers presents the ''Report of the Special Committee to Visit Orphan Asylums," in which is given a general statement of various methods of caring for neglected children and cogent reasons for the adoption of the cottage plan. This special committee visited other institutions of both sorts and gave careful consideration to general aspects of child-caring work as well as to local conditions and demands. Their recommendation was unani- mous for the cottage plan. There was available the sum of $140,000. Ten thousand dollars were expended upon a tract of land of more than 80 acres, which provides farm and garden opportunities for the asylum. Plans for buildings were secured, and in 1907 and 1908 there were erected four cottages for children, an administration and school- room building, a residence building for superintendent and teachers, a building containing laundry and reception ward for children, and a stable. In all buildings except the stable the material used is brick upon concrete foundations. The architecture is simple but pleasing, and everywhere shows adaptability to the purposes for which in- tended. Such ornamentation as there is is effected by the use of the common material and does not detract from usefulness and a just sense of proportion. The administration building contains, on the first floor, store rooms, offices, library and kindergarten. On the second floor is a commodious assembly room. Two wings are devoted to school rooms on the first and second floors, with manual training rooms in the basement. The school rooms are not large and would be inade- quate should the number of children be increased. The superintendent's cottage contains apartments also for the teachers, who form a family by themselves. Heat is supplied in common from the boilers in the basement and there is one kitchen for the two families. This arrangement is supposed to secure econ- omy of operation as well as of structure, in that one set of servants may do the work for the two households. The cottages form the most distinctive feature of this institu- tion. In general plan and structure they conform to the type of the other buildings. A formal plan was adopted in placing them; they are arranged along two slightly diverging lines extending back from the main building. Other cottages may be placed along these lines as the capacity of the institution is increased. These cottages may well be taken as models in economy of construction, in general ar- rangement and harmony of apartments, and adaptability to the purpose of home-making. There are play rooms in the basements, with toilet facilities. On the first floor are the kitchen, dining room 12 HOW TO ORGANIZE A CHILDREN S INSTITUTION and general sitting room, all large, convenient and attractive; and in addition, small quiet rooms where a child or an officer may meet a friend alone or read in seclusion. The dormitories on the second floor are large and airy, with bath-room and toilet adjoining. The matron's room occupies a commanding position at the front; and in addition there is a good-sized room set apart for occupancy by any child who may be slightly ailing or who for any reason should sleep apart from the larger number. On the third floor are two pleasant rooms for officers and large attic space for storage. In the original plan of the board of managers it was designed to limit the cottages to about 25 children; but there are now fifteen beds in each of the two dormitories, which with the small sick-room, gives accommodation for 32 children in each cottage. The accommodations for incoming children are not up to the standards of the asylum in other respects, though they are sanitary enough, and probably adequate for the number now being received. The second floor of the laundry building has been fitted up for this purpose, the large space being temporarily divided into small rooms by board partitions. But there are no general rooms for eating and play purposes, and the whole space is not well suited to this use. No hospital facilities are provided and the presence of the Albany Hospital nearby makes such provision at the asylum unnecessary. It is the opinion of the matron that the increased cost of main- tenance under the cottage plan is from one-fourth to one-third more than under the congregate plan, the increased cost being due chiefly to the demand for more attendants. Although the institution has a large endowment, this is not at present sufficient to meet all expenses. The per capita cost is about I3. 50 per week. A charge is made to Albany County of $2.00, and to other counties of I2.50 per week for each child. The statistics of population indicate that only a small number are orphans. De- sertion by one or both parents is the most common cause of depen- dency. In no institution that I have visited is the ideal of home life for the child more successfully and consistently realized than here. All the conditions of comfortable and happy life are met in the cottages. The heating apparatus is there, and the water supply; and there the food is prepared and eaten. Throughout the institution there are no boiler houses or smoke stacks or water tanks to remind one of the aspects of a great manufacturing plant. Only, as in the ordinary community, the educational and the religious interests are common to all its members. The asylum affords an excellent illustration of the genuine cottage system. II PLANS FOR A CHILDREN'S COTTAGE WITH OUTDOOR SLEEPING PORCHES I il II PLANS FOR A CHILDREN'S COTTAGE WITH OUTDOOR SLEEPING PORCHES THE following suggestions, with the accompanying plans for a children's cottage with outdoor sleeping quarters, are original with the writer, having been embodied in suggestions made to the managers of the Laurel Industrial School for delinquent boys at Laurel, Va., in 1909. At least one-half of all children sent to juvenile reformatories, orphan asylums, etc., are physically defective, either because of bad heredity, or because of poor feeding and unfavorable environment. Many of these children are taken from insanitary surroundings of homes, and are put into dormitories in a congregate building. These dormitories have usually insufficient ventilation and sunlight. They are often placed on one side of the building, where cross venti- lation cannot be secured, and they are so built that window ventila- tion cannot be had without a direct draft upon the heads of the sleepers. It is a common thing to find the sanitary conditions in such dormitories quite as bad as in the homes from which these un- fortunate children come. The practice is now well established of providing outdoor sleeping porches, not only for tubercular patients and patients suffering from pneumonia, but also for crippled, de- formed and anemic children, who are either sick or physically de- fective, yet these children sleep with impunity in the open, without deleterious effects. If sick people and feeble anemic children can sleep in the open air with beneficial effects, what is to prevent the adoption of the same method for healthy growing children? It is proposed, there- fore, that in building institutions for children, arrangements shall be made for outdoor sleeping porches for at least 33 per cent of the children. It is believed that this method might be profitably adopted for the entire institution population. Mrs. Martha P. Falconer, superintendent of the Philadelphia Girls' House of Refuge, has for years slept out of doors with a considerable portion of her girls. 17 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS Iff Ijj 1 . L i8 PLANS FOR A COTTAGE WITH OUTDOOR SLEEPING PORCHES COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS 20 plans for a cottage with outdoor sleeping porches Plans for a Cottage with Outdoor Sleeping Porches Plans have been prepared, therefore, by the author, with the assistance of Mr. Robert W. Gardner, of New York, Architect, for a cottage to accommodate twenty children, with four outdoor sleeping porches for five children each, and with indoor dressing rooms, bath- rooms, study, dining room, kitchen, and apartments for house father and house mother. Should these plans be used for a juvenile re- formatory cottage, the sleeping porches can be protected by steel lattice work, if desired, but it is believed that most superintendents would prefer to build them without such protection, relying upon the moral force of the institution, or locking up the day clothes of the boys at night. Plans for sleeping porches have been prepared under the advice of the National Association for the Study and Prevention of Tubercu- losis. The porches have been arranged in two stories, in order to bring the children under the close supervision of the house father and house mother. They have been so arranged with reference to the sitting room and bedroom of those officers, that the oificers can observe each of the four sleeping porches at all hours of the night, without leaving their apartment. The electric lights on the porches will be controlled from the centre. The ready observation of the four sleeping porches is provided for by setting the apartments of the oificers on a diflferent level from those of the children, in order to enable them to command a view of two floors at once. On the ground floor are provided two dressing rooms with locker, baths and lavatories, for ten children each. From the dress- ing rooms, two stairways lead to the first floor sleeping porches. A night toilet is located adjacent to each sleeping porch, within the walls of the central building, in order to avoid danger of freezing. On the same level with the first floor sleeping porches are provided kitchen, pantry and dining room for twenty-two persons; the intention being to make this cottage an independent domestic establishment, the work of which will be performed by the cottage mother, with the assistance of the children. Immediately above the dressing rooms are the sitting room and bedroom of the house father and house mother, who are expected to be husband and wife; the husband to be employed in some capacity in connection with the institution. These two rooms are supplied with large front windows, and are so arranged that cross ventilation can be provided. 21 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS Four feet higher than the officers' rooms are the second floor sleeping porches, and, on the same level, the children's study, ar- ranged with windows on three sides, looking east, north and west. The study immediately adjoins the officers' apartments, and will be overlooked therefrom. By this arrangement the house mother, without leaving her own apartment, can exercise immediate over- sight over the four sleeping rooms and the children's study. The accompanying drawing illustrates the manner in which the sleeping porches can be overseen from the officers' apartments. This cottage is planned to be built of glazed hollow tile, with floors of hollow tile and reinforced concrete. This construction will apply to the sleeping porches as well as to the central portion of the cottage. It will apply also to the second-story ceilings. The roof will be of tile, wooden joists and roof boards. The wooden portion of the roof will be the only inflammable part of the building, except the doors, windows and maple floors for the children's study and officers' apartments. ikS EPW4( 7*0 »t»* Swcci^iwc Rjut COTTASK Ma"*4S')^ ^i-CEnnq T^nci Cross-section, Showing Sleeping Porches The cost of this cottage has been carefully estimated by the architect, the figures for the tiles, cement and mason work being based on actual bids, and the figures for the plumbing, woodwork, roof work, metal work, etc., being based on the architect's experience in similar buildings. The entire estimated cost is $ii,ioo. The cost of this cottage could be much reduced in some places, by build- ing of wood, as has been done at the Good Will Farm, Hinckley, Maine, and the State Agricultural and Industrial School at Industry, N. Y.; but it is believed that, in the long run, the fireproof construc- tion will be both cheaper and more sanitary. The commission appointed to select a site, and make prelimin- ary plans for the New York State Training School for Boys, has 22 PLANS FOR A COTTAGE WITH OUTDOOR SLEEPING PORCHES estimated the cost of building fifty dormitory cottages for sixteen boys each, at $i i,ooo per cottage. This cottage will cost the same, and will provide for twenty children instead of sixteen, which is 2^n increase of 25 per cent in capacity. We are inclined to the opinion that within a few years new in- stitutions for children will provide outdoor sleeping for at least the majority of the inmates. We are not prepared at this time to make a sweeping recommendation, but have no hesitation in expressing the belief that outdoor sleeping accommodation should be provided for at least 25 per cent of the children in the average juvenile reforma- tory, or home for dependent children. 23 Ill STUDY OF FIFTY COTTAGE AND CONGRE- GATE INSTITUTIONS Ill CONGREGATE AND COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS FOR CHILDREN A STUDY OF FIFTY INSTITUTIONS THIS Study was undertaken for the information of boards of trustees who are contemplating the building or enlargement of institutions for children. Many juvenile reformatories, orphan asylums and children's homes are located on tracts of land which have become surrounded by buildings and are no longer adapted to the purpose, but have increased in value. Some of these have been sold and the proceeds have furnished the means for purchasing land and building modern institutions in the country. In most cases, it is desired to adopt the cottage plan for the new institutions, but boards of trustees labor under the disadvantage of not having available concrete information as to the relative cost of building on the cottage plan, and also as to the increase, if any, in the necessary cost of operating institutions on the cottage plan. This study includes typical institutions on both the congregate and the cottage plan, in different parts of the country. The method of the study has been for an agent of the Russell Sage Foundation to visit each institution, with the consent and co- operation of the management, to measure up each room in each building, to ascertain as nearly as possible the cost of the lands and buildings, and to obtain a statement of the current expenses of the institution for a period of one year. It was deemed impracticable and unnecessary to include a larger number of institutions in this study. Those dealt with, however, are regarded as typical. Some admirable institutions have been omitted because their standards of building and equipment are too high for the average board of trustees to adopt. Others of high merit are omitted because it is believed that a comparative exhibit would do them injustice without a fuller ex- planation than is possible under the limitations of this publication. The effort has been made to make the comparison of the different institutions on as uniform a basis as possible, but it has been im- possible to make the comparisons exactly uniform, for the reason that the institutions have been built at different periods, of different materials, and on different plans. 27 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS The Study covers 50 institutions, of which 23 are for dehn- quent children (6 on the congregate and 17 on the cottage plan), and 27 for dependent children (17 on the congregate plan and 10 on the cottage plan). The cottage plan is becoming the prevailing plan in the United States for delinquent children, while the congregate plan is still the prevailing plan for dependent children. Most of the institutions for dependent children are small establishments, whose inmates can readily be accommodated in a single building. Most of the institutions for delinquent children are growing large and most of them are supported or aided from public funds. The rapid en- largement of such institutions is a necessity, and the tendency is for them to adopt the most modern plans. On the other hand, there has been a sharp check in the building of orphan asylums and other institutions for dependent children, ^wing to the rapid development of the placing-out system for the care of dependent children. The state schools for dependent children established in Michigan, Minnesota and Wisconsin have required no enlargement for many years. The building of county homes in "o and Indiana has come to a standstill. In Indiana eight or ten junty homes have already been closed, and others are likely to go jt of use. In Massachusetts the building of orphan asylums has ^^en practically discontinued and at least twelve orphan asylums and children's homes have been closed within the past few years. These facts will account for the slower extension of the cottage system for dependent children; but some of the newer institutions of this class, like the New York Orphanage, the Albany Orphan Asylum, the New York Asylum for Colored Children, and the Rose Orphan Asylum at Terre Haute, have adopted the cottage plan. The White House Conference, called by President Roosevelt at Washington, in 1909, pronounced emphatically in favor of the cottage plan, and indicated the number of 25 as a desirable cottage unit. The cottage unit in the New York Juvenile Asylum is 20; the proposed cottage unit for the New York Training School for Boys, which is designed for 800 boys, is 16. Considerable difference of opinion has developed as to the materials to be used in constructing cottages. The cottages of the Good- Will Farm in Maine, built 1892 to 1909, and the New York State Agricultural and Industrial School at Industry, built 1905 to 1909, are of wood. The objections to this material are, first, its inflammable character, and, second, its lack of durability. The cottages at Industry, only three years old, already call for considerable 28 Second-floor Plan M. S. Heidelberg, Architect First-floor Plan Boys' Cottage, Jewish Protectory, Hawthorne, New York 29 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS repairs. Many institutions have adopted a substantial form of slow-burning construction, such as is found in the St. Charles School for Boys, in Illinois, and the Jewish Protectory, in New York. The rapid improvement and cheapening of fire-proof construc- tion, with the increasing cost of lumber, indicate the probability of complete fire-proof construction hereafter. Fire-proof cottages are now being constructed of hollow tile at a cost only a fraction above that for brick cottages with interior wood construction. Hollow tile can be laid with great rapidity, by workmen of moderate skill. They produce a wall which is impervious to moisture with a very large proportion of air space, producing warmth in winter and coolness in summer. By a combination of hollow tile and reinforced concrete construction, fire-proof floors are laid at moderate cost, with great rapidity and entire security. A similar combination is possible for the construction of staircases. The hollow tile can be finished in stucco on the outside at a moderate cost. They permit of plastering on the inside without lath or furring, and the plastering is much less liable to damage than plastering of the old type. Partitions can be constructed of hollow tile; fire-proof stairways can be constructed at moderate expense of reinforced concrete; floors can be finished in concrete on top of the tiling for hall-ways, dormitories and dining rooms. Wooden floors can be laid on top of the concrete for sitting rooms and kitchens, though concrete floors are now being used quite freely for all purposes. The concrete floor is both cheap and permanent, if properly laid. There is a decided sentiment in favor of separate heating plants for cottages in institutions for delinquents. The expense of in- stalling a large distributing plant is considerable, and while the steam fitters stoutly maintain that steam can be distributed without ap- preciable loss, it is only necessary to make a winter visit to any cottage institution where steam is distributed in order to trace the covered steam pipes by the melting of the snow or the early sprouting of the grass in spring. It is true that there is some loss in firing by inexperienced boys, but this loss will be very small if the cottage managers are sufficiently alert. Under present building conditions, the saving in installing a distributing steam plant will suffice to cover the difference in the cost of fire-proof construction. In some of the newer cottage institutions, for boys as well as for girls, a separate domestic establishment is provided for each cottage, including dining rooms, kitchens, and, in some institutions, bakeries. In institutions for delinquent girls, the desirability of this arrange- 30 A STUDY OF FIFTY INSTITUTIONS ment is unquestionable, not only to afford opportunity for the domes- tic training of the girls, but also to promote suitable classification and to develop normal social life. In institutions for girls it is desirable also that the laundry work should be distributed among the cottages as a means of domestic training. In institutions for delinquent boys, the plan of a central kitchen, bakery and dining plant has generally prevailed, but recently a strong movement has developed in favor of a separate domestic plant for each cottage. This plan prevails at the New York State Agricultural and Industrial School, and is strongly urged by the commission which is preparing plans for the New York State Train- ing School. In the latter case, the commission has advised that the cottage unit be made also the school unit. This school plan is not favored by most of the experienced superintendents of boys' reform- atories. STATISTICAL TABLES DISCUSSED* The institutions under consideration have been divided, for purposes of convenient study, into four classes: institutions for delinquent children, congregate and cottage, and institutions for dependent children, congregate and cottage. We present herewith a summary of the examination made of each of the 50 institutions, which may be studied by the reader at his leisure. The information obtained has been summarized in tabular form for the convenience of those who desire to compare the different institutions. These tables cannot be used for invidious comparisons without great injustice, because of the sharply varying conditions. For example, take the Cincinnati Children's Home, which shows the largest amount of floor space per child, and the largest per capita cost of plant of any of the congregate institutions for dependent children. The per capita cost is based upon the number of children who live in the home, but as a matter of fact the home contains a large amount of space which is devoted to day nurseries. If that space could be eliminated, there would be a corresponding reduction both in the amount of floor space and the cost of the plant. TABLE I. — SUMMARY OF DETAILS SHOWN IN FOLLOWING TABLES Table i is a consolidated statement summarizing the contents of the succeeding tables as to floor space per child, total floor space per bed, cost of plant per bed, and current expense per child. The * See pages 55 to 86. 31 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS \ f Indiana Girls' School, Clermont, Indiana Cottage — First-floor Plan This cottage is admirably planned. The kitchen and laundry are cut oflF from the rest of the cottage by the dining room, avoiding kitchen smells and summer heat. The school rooms are admirably lighted. Hall space is saved by placing them at the end of the corridor. Suitable accommodations are provided for the officers. The domestic department gives opportunity for cooking, laundry work, etc., on the plan of an ordinary household. 32 A STUDY OF FIFTY INSTITUTIONS CRAVEU ROOF TW ROOF OF fttOHT *ORCH Indiana Girls' School, Clermont, Indiana Cottage — Second-floor Plan This floor provides separate rooms for 30 girls. The matron's room commands a view of every door on the floor. Girls' rooms are not locked, but if a girl opens her door an electric signal is given in the matron's room. The lighting of this building is ideal. Nearly every room gets sunlight at some hour in the day. This is an excel- lent example of the modern cottage for delinquent girls. 33 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS rank of each institution is given under each heading. For example, among cottage institutions for deHnquents, the St. Charles School for Boys stands first in floor space per child for children's use, tenth in total floor space for all purposes per child, fourth in cost of plant per bed, and fourth in per capita expense. The Cleveland Boys' Home stands third in floor space for children's use, fifth in total floor space, eleventh in cost of plant, and first in current expense per capita (the last, because it is a new institution recently started). Among congregate institutions for dependents, the Cleveland Jewish Orphan Asylum stands eighth in space for children's use, sixteenth in total floor space, sixth in cost of plant per child and fourth in current expense per child. TABLES 2 AND 3. — FLOOR SPACE IN INSTITUTIONS FOR DELINQUENTS — CONGREGATE AND COTTAGE These two tables indicate the floor space devoted to children's use in dormitories, day rooms, dining rooms, etc. The space allotted to children in the congregate institutions is 10.4 per cent less than in the cottage institutions, as follows: Total Floor Space for Children's Use {Square Feet per Child) Institutions for Delinquents: Minimum Maximum Average 6 Congregate Institutions .... 95 iqi 120 17 Cottage Institutions 83 1Q3 134 Out of 17 cottage institutions, one has less than 100 square feet, five have from 100 to 120 square feet, four have between 120 and 135 square feet, and seven have more than 135 square feet per child. . As the institution is built for the children, we may well examine the allowance of floor space for each child. Details of Floor Space for Children {Square Feet per Child) Institutions for Delinquents: Minimum Maximum Dormitories 6 Congregate Institutions 17 Cottage Institutions . Day Rooms or Sitting Rooms 6 Congregate Institutions 17 Cottage Institutions . Dining Rooms 6 Congregate Institutions 17 Cottage Institutions . Play Rooms 6 Congregate Institutions 17 Cottage Institutions . School Rooms 6 Congregate Institutions 17 Cottage Institutions . 34 Average 35 27 80 78 49 43 .t 3 J4 8 20 II 7 32 14 7 t\ 16 21 13 27 24 '7 f aVyax^ CoVidJgi A..,, ■■ fc.^ ^^^.^i^^^Si ^^ i./ Ir^^^Bi^^^^^^Sff"^ t_:^^BtL.L_li^^^^?' ^^»^ h J Ji 1 1 ll liM*«-mi^ HF^^^ni ii li jilLdH^Hl tBS^^m^l '"* .4cVac\?>^V' Illinois Training School for Girls, Geneva A STUDY OF FIFTY INSTITUTIONS The surprising fact appears that the average dormitory accom- modation in the congregate institutions is materially larger than in the cottage institutions. This is doubtless due partly to the fact that boards of health have forbidden over-crowding in the older insti- tutions, especially where the ventilation is defective. It is due partly to the fact that the cottage institutions have been carefully planned so as to economize dormitory space, and that the dormitories in most of the cottage institutions are so arranged as to permit of the most complete ventilation. For example, in the new cottages at the Chil- dren's Village atChauncey, New York, and at the Jewish Protectory at Hawthorne, New York, the dormitories have windows on three sides. In other cottages arrangements are made so as to permit a free ventilation through gondola roofs, etc. In some institutions the play rooms, school rooms or dining rooms serve also as sitting rooms. Experience proves that there is a great civilizing influence in neatly furnished sitting rooms, where children sit down quietly with their books or games. This influence cannot be secured by the use of a school room furnished with desks, or by the use of a bare play room with benches around the edge. There is a great variety in the space allotted for chapels and assembly rooms. The average for both cottage and congregate insti- tutions is 12 square feet per child. Out of 23 institutions, ten have 10 square feet or less, eight have between 10 and 15 square feet, and five have more than 1 5 square feet per child. The kitchen accommodation is a matter of great importance in institutions. The Cleveland Boys' Home has 22 square feet per boy, the New York State Industrial School for Boys has 19 square feet, the Maine School for Boys 17 square feet; no other has more than 14 square feet per child. Out of 17 cottage institutions, nine have less than 10 square feet, five have 10 to 14, and three have more than 14 square feet. The matter of proper accommodations for officers is of great importance. It is necessary to avoid on the one hand the extrava- gance which prevails in some institutions of providing large, roomy apartments for officers while the children are huddled in insufficient space, and on the other hand to avoid the niggardliness which in some institutions leaves the officers without the ordinary decencies and comforts of life. The work in these institutions is very exacting, and it is neces- sary that the employes shall have proper opportunity for rest, recrea- 35 |'5b if r"i e* o ^s 5 '^.s u. §s IT) c ^ o o n tc^ 3 i:§ __,0 1 ^' ^ < > !;■§ .2n, ii 1 >- p 1 ^ c 1 Hi z O ^"5 r^ ."S >-^ s-> (>, oi T3 -^ ?^ ^, hi o a V o X 1 ^^ ^S 1 la 1 g 1 i 7: Sic 2^ 1 ^ o 1 i^ 1 §i i s^ ■< H m < to ■ E.t: ^ j: j ll ll .^"^ I '^ G.O I cti <^^ I u ...- 1 ■* 1 ^ II o Ci'o D, 1 ^^ i-i «f ts 37 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS tion and social life, in order that they may be able to perform adequate service in behalf of the children. The average floor space for officers' sitting rooms, dining rooms, bed rooms and baths per officer (including guest chambers), and for general purposes, is as follows: Floor Space for Officers' Quarters (Square Feet per Officer) Institutions for Delinquents: Minimum Maximum Average 6 Congregate Institutions . . . .167 268 21Q 17 Cottage Institutions 154 714 279 Floor Space for General Purposes {Square Feet per Child) Institutions for Delinquents: Minimum Maximum Average 6 Congregate Institutions .... 68 167 85 17 Cottage Institutions 55 232 107 Total Floor Space for All Purposes {Square Feet per Child) Institutions for Delinquents: Minimum Maximum Average 6 Congregate Institutions . . . .181 335 224 17 Cottage Institutions 202 477 277 TABLES 4 AND 5. — FLOOR SPACE IN INSTITUTIONS FOR DEPENDENTS — CONGREGATE AND COTTAGE Total Floor Space for Children's Use {Square Feet per Child) Institutions for Dependents: Minimum Maximum Average 17 Congregate Institutions .... 74 187 112 10 Cottage Institutions 127 200 159 It will be observed that the floor space for children's use in the congregate institutions is 30 per cent less than in the cottage institu- tions. This increased space is distributed through all departments, as is indicated in the following statement: Details of Floor Space for Children {Square Feet per Child) Institutions for Dependents: Minimum Maximum Average Dormitories 17 Congregate Institutions .... 25 58 41 10 Cottage Institutions 32 54 44 Day Rooms or Sitting Rooms 17 Congregate Institutions . . . . o 49 6 10 Cottage Institutions 8 43 18 Dining Rooms 17 Congregate Institutions .... 7 24 13 10 Cottage Institutions o 21 15 Play Rooms 17 Congregate Institutions .... 4 37 14 10 Cottage Institutions 6 70 26 School Rooms 17 Congregate Institutions . . . . o 30 15 10 Cottage Institutions 15 41 22 The enlarged space in cottage institutions is noticeable es- pecially in day rooms, play rooms and school rooms. Every visitor will note the difference in the manners, the com- 38 A STUDY OF FIFTY INSTITUTIONS fort and happiness of children in cottage institutions where suitable sitting rooms are provided. Floor Space for Officers {Square Feet per Officer) Institutions for Dependents: Minimum Maximum Average 17 Congregate Institutions . . . • "'B 499 236 10 Cottage Institutions 165 515 251 Floor Space for General Purposes {Square Feet per Child) Institutions for Dependents: Minimum Maximum Average 17 Congregate Institutions .... 46 220 85 10 Cottage Institutions 80 233 128 Total Floor Space for All Purposes {Square Feet per Child) Institutions for Dependents: Minimum Maximum Average 17 Congregate Institutions . . . . i7i 459 220 10 Cottage Institutions 250 433 330 Comparison of Institutions for Delinquents and Dependents tables 2 to 5. — details of floor space for children The comparison of institutions for delinquents with those for dependents is as follows: Square Feet of Floor Space for Children, per Child Congregate Institutions: Minimum Maximum Average For Delinquents 95 191 120 For Dependents 74 187 112 Cottage Institutions: For Delinquents 83 193 134 For Dependents 127 200 159 It is interesting to note that while the congregate institutions for delinquent children have 7 per cent more space per child than those for dependents, the opposite is true of the cottage institutions, where the dependents have 18 per cent more than the delinquents. If we consider the total floor space for all purposes, we find as follows : Floor Space for All Purposes {Square Feet per Child) Congregate Institutions: Minimum Maximum Average For Delinquents i8i 335 224 For Dependents 171 459 220 Cottage Institutions: For Delinquents 175 477 277 For Dependents 250 433 330 While the delinquents have 2 per cent more total space in the congregate institutions, the dependents have 19 per cent more space in the cottage institutions. The following statement compares the space available in con- gregate and cottage institutions for both delinquents and dependents, 39 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS Philadelphia House of Refuge for Girls, Darling, Pennsylvania Cottage — First-floor Plan The first floor provides assembly room, dining room, kitchen, pantries, laundry, linen room, officers' sitting room, matron's room and six rooms for girls. 40 A STUDY OF FIFTY INSTITUTIONS ROOF ALCOHY Philadelphia House of Refuge for Girls, Darling, Pennsylvania Cottage — Second-floor Plan The second floor provides officers' rooms, linen rooms, bath rooms and 23 rooms for one girl each, making a total of 29 single rooms for girls. The institution being still incomplete, each room is now occupied by two girls, but this plan is in- tended to be temporary. 41 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS Square Feet of Floor Space per Child, in 50 Institutions — Congregate and Cottage 6 Congregate 17 Cottage \ J Congregate 10 Cottage Institutions Institutions Institutions Institutions Average for Hem for for for for 50 Institu- Delinquent Delinquent Dependent Children Dependent Children tions Children Children Day Rooms 3 14 6 18 ID Dining Rooms . II 14 13 15 13 Dormitories 49 43 41 ^ 44 Play Rooms 16 21 14 19 School Rooms . 17 13 15 22 16 Baths, etc. . 12 13 8 12 11 Clothes Room . 3 9 4 12 7 Hospital 9 7 1 1 10 9 Total . 120 134 112 159 129 Average Number of Beds for Chil- dren in each In- stitution . 830 440 239 228 376 It is interesting to note that while the congregate institutions for delinquents have more space per child than the congregate institu- tions for dependents, the opposite is true of the cottage institutions, which show more space for dependents. TABLES 6 AND 7. — COST OF PLANT, INSTITUTIONS FOR DELINQUENT CHILDREN The cottage institutions show a marked advance in cost over the congregate institutions. The average cost of plant per bed was as follows : Average Cost of Plant per Bed, Congregate and Cottage Institutions Institutions for Delinquents: Minimum Maximum Average 6 Congregate Institutions . . . . I516 $940 I650 17 Cottage Institutions 487 1,906 840 It must be borne in mind, however, that the most of the congre- gate institutions were erected when building cost much less than it costs at the present time. Only two cottage institutions exceed a cost of 1 1 100 per bed. The cottage institutions for dehnquents may be divided into groups according to their cost, as follows : Cost of Cottage Institutions for Delinquents, per Child $500 Group Indiana Boys' School $487 Connecticut School for Boys 518 42 A STUDY OF FIFTY INSTITUTIONS $675 Group Rhode Island, Sockanosset School for Boys $630 New Jersey State Home for Boys 660 Ohio Bo^s' Industrial School 672 Wisconsin Industrial School for Girls 729 $800 Group Ohio, Cleveland Boys' Home I752 Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys 767 Massachusetts, Lyman School for Boys 803 Minnesota State Training School 905 $1000 Group New York State Agricultural and Industrial School .... $979 Indiana Girls' School 988 Illinois Training School for Girls 1,004 Illinois, St. Charles School for Boys 1.055 Massachusetts State Industrial School for Girls 1,092 $1900 Group New York Jewish Protectory $1,884 Maine State School for Boys 1,906 The I500 group includes the Indiana Boys' School (I487), which was built 1867 to 1893, on a very plain and economical basis. The labor of the boys was utilized for the manufacture and laying of bricks and in other ways. The Connecticut institution (I518) is also an old institution of limited accommodations. These two insti- tutions provide only 224 and 211 square feet of floor space respec- tively, per boy, as against an average of 277 square feet for the cottage institutions, and an average of 224 for the congregate institu- tions. The $675 group includes the Rhode Island Sockanosset School for Boys (I630), the New Jersey State Home for Boys ($660), the Ohio Boys' Industrial School (I672), and the Wisconsin Industrial School for Girls ($729). The three institutions for boys provide a total floor space of 175, 224 and 208 square feet respectively, per boy. The institutions in this group were built many years ago and afford only moderate accommodations. The |8oo group includes the new Cleveland Boys' Home (I752), the Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys at Waukesha (I767), the Lyman School for Boys at Westboro, Massachusetts (I803), and the Minnesota State Training School at Red Wing ($905). It will be ob- served that these four institutions represent about the average cost of cottage institutions for boys, which is about $840. The Lyman School in Massachusetts and the State Training School in Minnesota are well equipped and thoroughly up to date. They were built at a 43 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS time when building conditions were very favorable. The Cleveland School for Boys is a new institution which has been built in an expen- sive time. The f 1000 group includes the New York State Agricultural and Industrial School (I979), Indiana Girls' School (I988), Illinois Training School for Girls (I1004), IlHnois St. Charles School for Boys (I1055), and the Massachusetts State Industrial School for Girls (1 1 092). The three institutions for boys are all new institu- tions and are up to date. The Indiana Girls' School is ajso a new institution with an excellent equipment. The Massachusetts insti- tution is an older institution built under more favorable building conditions. * The experience of 25 institutions indicates that it is possible to locate, build and equip a modern cottage institution for delinquent boys or girls at a cost not exceeding |iooo per bed. There is a dispo- sition in building cottage institutions for girls to provide a separate room for each girl. This has been done only partially at the Indiana Girls' School. If it should be adopted as a universal policy, it would involve an increase, probably, of 20 per cent, necessitating an appro- priation of probably |i200 per bed. TABLES 8 AND 9. — COST OF PLANT, INSTITUTIONS FOR DEPENDENT CHILDREN Average Cost of Plant per Bed, Congregate and Cottage Institutions Institutions for Dependents: Minimum Maximum Average 17 Congregate Institutions .... I376 $1,671 | 758 10 Cottage Institutions .... 869 1,716 1,181 The 17 congregate institutions for dependents may be divided into groups according to their cost, as shown on page 46. It will be observed that the average cost of the cottage insti- tutions is 56 per cent greater than that of the congregate institutions. It must be considered, however, that the cottage institutions were most of them built at a more expensive time than the congregate institutions and that four of the congregate institutions cost from $1,400 to $1,670 per bed, while only one of the cottage institutions cost more than $1,400 per bed. Of the cottage institutions, among those most worthy of study may be mentioned the Manual Training School Farm at Glenwood, Illinois; the Albany Orphan Asylum; the Rochester Orphan Asylum; the Good Will Farm at Hinckley, Maine; and the State Public School at Owatonna, Minnesota. The average cost of the congregate institutions for dependents 44 Handy and Cady, Chicago, Architects EvANSTON Receiving Home — Floor Plans 45 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS Cost of Congregate Institutions for Dependents, $450 Group Erie, Pa., St, Joseph's Orphan Asylum Detroit, Protestant Orphan Asylum Cincinnati, St. Joseph Orphanage . New Haven Orphan Asylum Milwaukee, St. Rose's Orphan Asylum Norwalk, Conn., Fairfield County Temporary Home |6oo Group Winsted, Conn., Wm. L. Gilbert Home . Buffalo, German Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum Newark, N. J., Protestant Foster Home . Buffalo Orphan Asylum •>er Child $800 Group New Haven, St. Francis Orphan Asylum Cleveland Jewish Orphan Asylum . . . . Hopewell, N. J., St. Michael's Orphan Asylum $1500 Group Chicago, St. Mary's Training School .... Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum Minneapolis, Washburn Memorial Orphan Asylum Cincinnati Children's Home I376 416 426 474 481 554 600 711 788 850 i»403 1,671 Cost of Cottage Institutions for Dependents, per Child $Q00 Group Hinckley, Maine, Good Will Farm $ 869 Sparta, Wis., State Public School 884 |i 100 Group Normal, 111., Soldiers' Orphans' Home 1,018 Glenwood, 111., Manual Training School Farm 1,101 Rochester Orphan Asylum 1,186 1 1 300 Group Albany Orphan Asylum 1*279 Owatonna, Minn., State Public School 1,290 Pleasantville, N. Y., Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Asylum * . .1,315 Coldwater, Mich., State Public School i»375 $1700 Group Terre Haute, Ind., Rose Orphan Asylum 1,716 Cost of Plant per Child, Comparison of Cottage and Congregate Plans Delinquents and Dependents: Minimum Maximum Average o Congregate Institutions (Delinquents) . I516 | 940 $ 650 17 Congregate Institutions (Dependents) . 376 1,671 758 17 Cottage Institutions (Delinquents) . . 487 1,906 840 10 Cottage Institutions (Dependents) . . 869 1,716 1,181 Studied is 17 per cent more than for delinquents. The average cost of cottage institutions for dependents studied is 41 per cent more than the cottage institutions for deHnquents. The difference is due chiefly * Bids received; not yet built. 46 A STUDY OF FIFTY INSTITUTIONS to the fact that most of the cottage institutions for delinquents were erected when building was cheap and most of the cottage institutions for dependents were erected recently when building had become very expensive. TABLES 6 TO 9. — CURRENT EXPENSES PER CHILD, CONGREGATE AND COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS FOR DELINQUENTS The cost of maintaining the congregate institutions for delin- quents is shown by the tables to be 13.3 per cent less than in the cottage institutions. The following statement shows the Current Expenses per Child, Congregate and Cottage Institutions Institutions for Delinquents: Minimum Maximum Average 6 Congregate Institutions (Total) . . $125 I234 $161 Same (omitting school expenses) . . in 199 140 17 Cottage Institutions (Total). . . 128 286 195 Same (omitting school expenses) . . 122 261 173 The expenses for cottage institutions may be classified as follows: Expenses per Child, Cottage Institutions for Delinquents Expenses 1 1 70 Class per Child Indiana Boys' School 1 128 Rhode Island, Sockanosset School for Boys 156 Wisconsin Industrial School for Girls 169 Minnesota State Training School 169 Ohio Boys' Industrial School 171 Connecticut School for Boys 175 New Jersey State Home for Boys 175 Illinois Training School for Girls 185 Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys 190 $245 Class Maine State School. for Boys $227 Massachusetts, Lyman School for Boys 244 New York State Agricultural and Industrial School .... 245 Massachusetts Industrial School for Girls 246 Illinois, St. Charles School for Boys 246 Indiana Girls' School 251 New York Jewish Protectory 255 The schools of Wisconsin, Minnesota, Ohio, Connecticut and New Jersey show a remarkable agreement, ranging from I169 to I175 per capita. These institutions all stand well. In the I245 list we fmd that all of the institutions named except two are located in the East, where living expenses, fuel, etc., are higher than in the West. The list includes two institutions for girls, which as a rule are more expensive in administration than institutions for 47 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS boys, largely for the reason that the boys are able to contribute more toward their own support. Examining the current expenses in detail, we observe: Expenditures for Salaries per Child, Congregate and Cottage Institutions for Delinquents Institutions for Delinquents: Minimum Maximum Average 6 Congregate Institutions $23 $ 79 $37 (3 Catholic Institutions) 23 27 25 17 Cottage Institutions 28 107 57 The salaries in the congregate institutions average $37 per child and in the cottage institutions I57 per child. Examination reveals that this difference is due to the fact that the congregate institutions include three large Catholic institutions, providing for more than half of the children. The average amount paid per child for salaries in these Catholic institutions is from I23 to $27, while in the other congre- gate institutions the average amount paid for salaries is about the same as in the cottage institutions. The Catholic institutions enjoy the unpaid services of the brothers and sisters, who receive only a nominal allowance for the barest necessities. The cost of fuel and light is |i i per child in the congregate insti- tutions, as against $2 1 in the cottage institutions. Examination, how- ever, shows that the congregate institutions include three Catholic institutions, which report cost for fuel as |2, |6 and |8 respectively per child. This doubtless points to the fact that these institutions receive donations of fuel which are not included in their current expenses. If this fuel was included, the average rate would probably be at least $16 per child instead of |i i. Even in that case the con- gregate institutions would show an expense of 24 per cent less per capita for fuel than the cottage institutions. This is partly due to the fact that the number of employes to be accommodated is larger in the cottage institutions. In the matter of provisions we observe: Expenditures for Provisions per Child, Congregate and Cottage Institutions for Delinquents Institutions for Delinquents: Minimum Maximum Average 6 Congregate Institutions .... I47 $61 I54 17 Cottage Institutions 25 52 40 The congregate institutions show an average expense of I54 per child as against $40 in the cottage institutions. This is due to the fact that most of the cottage institutions are located on large farms where the inmates are able to raise a large part of their food. Even in the institutions for girls a material saving in provisions is indicated in the cottage plan. The girls' department of the New York Catholic Pro- tectory (congregate) shows an annual expense of I54 per child for food, 48 Main Building. Boys' Department I '^''Vt'i >•.,'';''; mm St. Patrick's Yard NEW YORK CATHOLIC PROTECTORY A STUDY OF FIFTY INSTITUTIONS while the girls' cottage schools in Massachusetts, Illinois and Indiana show a cost for food of I33 to $38 per capita. The average cost of clothing in the congregate and cottage insti- tutions is exactly the same, I19 per child. This expense ranges from I13 to I32 per child (the Cleveland Boys' Home shows a higher rate, which is doubtless due to the fact that it is a new institution). School expenses, including salaries of teachers, average I22, ranging from I13 to I38 per child. It is encouraging to discover that the necessary increase in the maintenance cost of the cottage system is so small. The apparent difference is greater than the real difference, for the reason, as already indicated, that the congregate institutions include three Catholic insti- tutions, which pay little for salaries. EXPENSES PER CHILD, INSTITUTIONS FOR DEPENDENT CHILDREN Current Expense per Child, Congregate and Cottage Institutions Institutions for Dependents: Minimum Maximum Average 17 Congregate Institutions . . . . $ 68 $327 $118 10 Cottage Institutions . . . . 159 272 iq6 The current expenses of the 17 congregate institutions for de- pendent children show an astonishing diversity, running from $68 to $327 per child. They may be grouped as follows: Under |ioo St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, Erie, Pa. St. Rose's Orphan Asylum, Milwaukee, Wis. . German Orphan Asylum, Buffalo, N. Y. . St. Michael's Orphan Asylum, Hopewell, N.J. . St. Joseph Orphan Asylum, Cincinnati, O. . St. Francis' Orphan Asylum, New Haven, Conn. St. Mary's Training School, Feehanville, 111. Protestant Orphan Asylum, Detroit, Mich. The first seven institutions named above are Roman Catholic institutions, which enjoy the unpaid services of brothers and sisters. The contrast between these institutions and the other congregate institutions may be seen as follows: $100 10|200 William L. Gilbert Home, Winsted, Conn. Protestant Foster Home, Newark, N. J. . Buffalo Orphan Asylum, Buffalo, N. Y. . Children's Home, Cincinnati, O New Haven Orphan Asylum, New Haven, Conn. Jewish Orphan Asylum, Cleveland, O. Washburne Memorial Orphan Asylum, Minne- apolis, Minn. Fairfield County Temporary Home, Norwalk, Conn s* 49 Deduct Living Total Salaries Expenses $68 $12 u 70 9 61 75 15 60 84 16 68 84 «3 7' 84 12 72 91 14 77 97 34 63 Deduct Living Total Salaries Expenses $112 f33 $ 79 121 25 96 129 159 ^ 77 79 184 46 ,38 191 5» 140 195 76 139 209 51 158 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS The average salary expenditure for the seven Roman CathoHc institutions is I13 per child, while the average expenditure for the nine non-Catholic institutions is I50 per child. The difference repre- sents the voluntary unpaid service of the brothers and sisters in the Roman Catholic institutions. It should be remarked that the differ- ence in cost of maintaining orphan asylums is partly due to the fact that some orphan asylums maintain schools and kindergartens of their own, while others send their children to the public schools. The re- ported school expenses run from nothing to I41, yearly, per child. If we compare the non-Catholic congregate institutions with the cottage institutions, all of which are non-Catholic, we shall fmd that the annual per capita cost of the congregate institutions is I175 per child as compared with an average of 1 196 for the cottage institutions, a difference of only |2i per child. It must be remembered that many congregate institutions are over-crowded and the economy is obtained at the expense of the comfort and health of the children. We have already discovered the difference in expenditure for salaries in institutions for dependent children. In order to make the figures available for comparison we give the following statement of Expenditures for Salaries per Child Institutions for Dependents: Minimum Maximum Average 17 Congregate Institutions | 9 $81 $29 10 Cottage Institutions 31 94 60 (The foregoing statement is subject to the remarks already made respecting the difference between salary expenditures of Catholic and non-Catholic institutions.) In the matter of expenditures for provisions, the difference is in favor of the congregate institutions, whereas in the case of delin- quent children the difference was in favor of the cottage institutions. In the latter case the children are able to aid materially in providing milk, vegetables, etc., thus reducing the cost of provisions. The fol- lowing is a statement of Expenditures for Provisions per Child Institutions for Dependents: Minimum Maximum Average 17 Congregate Institutions .... $32 $91 $42 10 Cottage Institutions 36 73 53 The apparently low rate in the congregate institutions is doubt- less due partly to the fact that many Catholic institutions secure large donations of food supplies which are not figured into the budget. The seven Catholic congregate institutions show an average expendi- 50 A STUDY OF FIFTY INSTITUTIONS ture of I37 per child for food and the ten congregate Protestant insti- tutions show an average of I51 per child; while the ten cottage insti- tutions show an average of $53 per child, corresponding closely to the non-Catholic institutions reported above. It must be borne in mind also that many congregate institu- tions are over-crowded, and that the reduced per capita cost is some- times gained at the expense of the health and comfort of the children. This is clearly shown in the difference between the play-room condi- tions and the sitting-room conditions revealed by the two methods. The current expenses of cottage institutions for dependent chil- dren average almost exactly the same as those of the cottage institu- tions for delinquent children — 1195 per child as against I196 for the delinquents. There is a much wider diversity between the current expenses of the cottage and congregate institutions for dependent chil- dren than there is between the cottage and congregate institutions for delinquent children. This is due, as already suggested, to the very low per capita cost of the Catholic congregate institutions. The list given does not include any cottage institutions for Catholic children. If the Catholic congregate institutions were left out, the per capita cost of the congregate institutions would be approximately 1 170 in- stead of $118, which would make a difference of only about I25 be- tween the per capita cost of carrying on the cottage institutions and the congregate institutions. TABLES 10 AND II. — INSTITUTION PAYROLLS Tables 10 and 11 are consolidated payrolls which are published by permission of the institutions represented. Differences in pay for the same service in some cases represent a general difference in the scale of wages for similiar service in different communities; in other cases they represent a difference in standards as to the quality of service required. As a rule, the compensation of the higher grades of service is higher in the larger institutions. No Invidious Comparisons In the study of the tables, the caution already given on page 31 should be borne in mind: namely, that these tables cannot be used for invidious comparisons without great injustice. The studies of the fifty institutions were made by three different agents, and while the effort was made to standardize the work, allowance must neces- sarily be made for the personal equation. 51 COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS Attention has already been called to the accidental circum- stances which may cause differences in the per capita rate of current expenses. In like manner apparent differences in the cost of the plant are often due to accidental circumstances. For example, in one institution the attics and basements are left vacant for the reason that the best authorities do not consider them desirable space for children's use. In other institutions both basements and attics are utilized for domestic purposes. In a two-story building this would double the amount of floor space available with a comparatively small addition to the cost of the building. It is manifest that un- favorable comparisons in such cases might be very unjust. The same considerations may affect the comparison of floor space available for different purposes. In one institution the super- intendent will report unused basements as storerooms and they will figure into the available capacity. It was a nice question in some cases whether temporary wooden pavilions costing from |ioo to $500 should be counted as play rooms or whether they should be regarded simply as sheds. The showing as to play room space would be radically affected by the decision. The effort has been made to treat all of the institutions as nearly on the same basis as possible. While mistakes may be made as to individual institutions, it is believed that the combined results will be found sufficiently accurate for practical purposes. ^m. 52 IV STATISTICS OF COTTAGE AND CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS -^ ^ a -as -"S •■ , ^ 8"^ vO rr\ -"r O rs m rr\ ©9- UN O^C UNN Tf vo rr,n O O — m Tf ir\ vo Z o H . H <1> o2i z o O < ' 00 t^ r« -^ liN "N vO (S t^ fr^ O "^O OCQ O & n o r-sC>oooo o^ o t>. O rr\ UN — Tfco G^ n t>. v^ un — '^©^tN,uNrr\tfsO '^ UNQD o o^ UN r>;\o — o (TN 'T -^o rf\ c^ cf\ ^" (T\ tS (TN Tf UN's© tN.GO O^ ^?r 3 be . u« ''^ rt 0) 0^ OV aj o -J 3 1 ^.2 . 3 to T3 1-5 bc>;o bO-r Oc>!.| = =8S.rH p. 5 3 «5H Ricn c r-H — m c^ cyo U c^ — 1 Ac^ cy^ 3 ^-^ o CQ 55 8 c2l rr\ M - t^ O^vO \0 - -00 u-^^" rr\ Tf\o u> r» fS c^ "- ■" ~ ■-* — »- >-i •^ i^iCrx (N ov ITS u^(S O^ (SOOOO a> o^ r^ ^a?g^2 -ti rs »>->-» >- Ci — 6©■ s©- €@- w ^,,_^ W o s § 8 ti;.S VO^O ^ ^o if^ - rr\ T^ O^ T^ r^ (S\0 rrv O "^^^ - M Q 8 •** S c^-- W . H 0000 o rxt>o o — ^O rr\ fS vo — vr> 00 "^ OVO - M- ^::;^^^vS^ 0? ^N rfs o 00 C^ O H sQO O O - (N (r\ o 8 ^.S < ^^ « -^ s fti*^ CO o iM^i? o =£2 S'SS^^ Tf r^ Tt o '"T rs - CO "> r>s S^J^gS^ -5 ^S E,5J rr\ 00 l^ rrs rrv n n - - o " o § i 1 gil 6 3 . . c . c 1 > H 8 8 • 2 1 • • • -Sc^' 11fl*.t U3 • rj > ^ "J- X 3 Vi ■°i< •Hi := o c O >nC a PQ 8 1 > < 11 K 113 gj U Ou (^ 0- Z c>D ^ rt 2 -'l-l^n'OOOOu^-rri o^ 00 ts S - 1 u^00 rx^o - t>sOO "~nVO O ""I- O^ n m Q0\0 frN-f 00 VO - 00 a>VO C^ O rf ITS u-s — O - 1^00 VO O^OO tN, - t^_O o o^ - ^s t^ S fi ""f - \0 "^00 rrs - \0 i!f o M Tt Tf o r>. rr\ rr\\0 m u^ o ■rf uN\0 r>> - M (TN -^ LTsvo r^oo o^ o f< QOOVO - u^rCiO MM r^ O 00 00 00 VO VO iTN -^ -Tf M St. Michael's Orphan Asylum, Hopewell, N. J. . Buffalo Orphan Asylum, Buffalo, -N. Y. St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum, Erie, Penna. . Protestant Orphan Asylum, Detroit, Mich. . *- a > < ) Dependent Children — Cottage Institutions Rose Orphan Home, Terre Haute, Ind. Manual Training School Farm, Glenwood, 111. Soldiers' Orphans' Home, Normal, 111.^ Albany Orphan Asylum, Albany, N. Y. Rochester Orphan Asylum, Rochester, N. Y. Good Will Farm, Hinckley, Maine .... State Public School, Owatonna, Minn. . State Public School, Sparta, Wis State Public School, Coldwater, Mich. . Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society Orphan Asy- lum, Pleasantville, N. Y.' .... 1 < g. • o ^ §c| Ts 0.2 c ca bo*-. S t^ 1/5 W ■M O . t:! U ♦-' ^ =Q U X S o o E S^^ o^ ti- c c 21 to g i;: Q CO CQ 58 vr\ Tj- rrsoo n O^ (N -00 "^O — (S a^ •^ a> rrs 0 I>.\0 vO O t% ^ ^r^vB" ^ 00 rCiVO (S — 00 (N Tr\o (N Tt <^ (s (T\ r^oo 5 ^ J (^5 X a: o Z< 6i «o ' *§ % K t^ z i:i^ y 5i"§ o 1 o -^ z 1.2^ o ^ ;t § ►5 ^^c)^ p< 1 i"^ o u Q '^* 5 § ?k C) Q ^PS'S H^ O rs fr. K J g-aeCoT" ■<^ o oi -l4^-§- H ^ 1 t .2-- 2 < -J -^ o in «-"« rl) c rrs "A O H I '^ ^j 6" O C t2 H .. 1 ~^ "^ E ^^ o ■t; Z^ 3" W o < 1 « a-^-c^ VO H u. 8 ^ Q V 1^ Z a 1 ^ o H .^ 5: W o a , ^ 3 w c Q Is _,„^ o s u. s o T3 a> o JO ^ •Z CO u. 1 E rr\0 mLrs 00 OS ^ - O tT rrsCO O - ^O ^ ^??s^?^°°^ : ^ 00 .00 (S ^ ^ ^ !^ : : ^^ I ? rf\ ITS rr\ m rrs c^ t^\0 O rr\0\0 fS «- fTN r< (N M — ^ Tt Tj- LTS Tj- - \o c^ T^ ^s irvoo O VO M t-N M ?^ For Children Day Rooms .... Dining Rooms. Dormitories .... Play Rooms .... School Rooms Baths, etc Clothes Rooms Hospital f2 For'^Officers Sitting Rooms. Dining Rooms. Bed Rooms .... Baths, etc o H 62 S^ rr. [f> LTsOO O ^ O O - 0? '^ -^ rr\ (S irv t^ lJ^ rj-vo t^ 00 O LTV - .-rvC>.ri .cr<(S GO "> Tf ITS 1 5 1 m-f.-QO .. -^ ITS o ? ■^00 C^ O 00 i/N Tf o^ i/NffN O^ M ^ ooo o - «s - r^ • „ fS - (N ^s (N (S 00 rf\ OS Tf r^-\0 O' rf\ R n r^ tr\ kiN ■^ (S r< fS ^ . O" . . -^ i>o o -^ o rfN O^ : . . ^ - 00 r^ r^ c^ o (r\ ir\ o^ u^ fS M rrs — • vo . r< (TN Tf \o - . VO VO o^ "^ 00 r« O irsirs Tf r^ Tf Tf 00 o o c o 3 * t/5 Oi o ^ — o • • 5 =! ^q:; CO V. 8 cj . S o. ^ «J ^ <-■ — ,.% •— ra S o. Jh «J 1^ • P rt 5 o 10- 6* 65 £<^ • to ^ ^0>^ O c O "S s s a S: O" O ITS w ■^^^1 d 2 1^8 o g 5 -S *=> "JJ H o^o 1;; • ,*'' "Go 00 Pti III ill? u oi £ lillll 3. U ^>55i^ "" H /^ W Q :z; w Cl, M Q 2i 'JS , o o s i; D S ^ 1 o Xi !ri -z 'jt .1 M S E h Z 2 ^ (S rA -^ "s — — m m -^ ir\\o "^ o TT irsr^N 00 t^ O^OO 00 r< Pf\ rr\ rCN 00 rr\rr\ o • VO O^ O O C'OO \0 "^ t^ T^ mm r<\ —• '^ ■^ I^ ? LTN r« - !>. . o 2 .. ir\ « « 00 LTN^o r^ r^ — fs — 00 ^ vrs rroo ^ - ^ 2 I"^00 O (T\ u^C^ . t^ (r\oo -^ tT rf\ t^ P< - « C^ rr\ For Children Day Rooms .... Dining Rooms. Dormitories .... Play Rooms .... School Rooms. Baths, etc Clothes Rooms Hospital .2 For Officers Sitting Rooms. Dining Rooms. Bed Rooms .... Baths, etc 3 66 f^ri — r^t^rf^r^r^ t}-\o -"I- O' rr\ O^OO 00 r< O vS .\0 trst^ c^ fi (TN k/sr^ fA . . (S moo — O ^ ^ r^ Ci— .O^O^TtTTOrfNrfNrt ^ ? o ^ C^ . .8 . . • Si ' ' E >, O ECU UJ 52S U ocyo 67 K Wiscon- sin Spatta. State Public School 5 New York Rochester, Rochester Orphan Asylum - New York Pleasant- ville. Hebrew S. G. Soc. Orphan Asylum"^ o New York Albany, Albany Orphan Asylum §s Minne- sota Owaionna, State Public School O Michigan Cold- water, State Public School s Maine Hinckiey. Good mil Farm 2" Indiana Terre Haute. Rose Orphan Home Illinois Normal. Soldiers' Orphans' Home' 1 Illinois Glenwood, Manual Train- ing School Farm ITS t ^ c 2 !S o a to 1 3 z Y^ C» i/N^^ (S . (^ — ir\ r« (S — (TN — s r^i/NO^ fi ^ r>oo c^ c^ o o o^vo ? iTN'fOO rr\ O For Children Day Rooms Dining Rooms . Dormitories Play Rooms School Rooms . Baths, etc. Clothes Rooms . Hospital . For Officers Sitting Rooms . Dining Rooms . Bed Rooms Baths, etc. (2 68 _ „ -, n roi — 00 O 00 "> m kTN • r~>. ■^ . rrs m "> fs 00 c8 « ^ 1 — — -^ roi ■^ — r^ " rrs "« • (S M •- ^ O ITS CO ITS vOriMTN rrsr^— rr\C^r^ C^OO 5 tN.-^f. vo— c.— \0 rr\ • ■^ . rr, Tf rf c^ .vo .\o \T\C • — '^ o ! (TN C LTN • U-v • rf — .UN VO S UN €©■ €©■ 00 C^ 0\£> ITS . rr\M u^MVO r>. m\0 uv — • 00 rr\ — rr» VO t^ « 6©- - UN r^ eq €«■ ei w P-. 1 UN "tt . UN o^ . o — \0 — rrN "t- ITS €«■ rj- . t^ - . krs m rTNVO « 00 TT ^ t^ :2 t-i p 3 i B v^°2^ : : :^88^8§ vF i Q «©■ rr\" - - 00 12; < hJ b O [^ — O^.irN. .rr\C— — — o 00 8 — rf\'0^> •(TN—rTNO"- Tf r^ ~ ~ ~ (S n s 1 ■ »> Rj a> >> •a v. o «<- c o a> C « ^. 2 uildin ngs . "o «a ^ jg fc Lands . Administration School House Chapel . . Hospital Water Supply, Work Shops . Boiler House. Stables, etc. Additional Bui Furniture 1 > < g 70 rfN — irs — -5 c/) u- D- cj c/2 i;s (2 7' Minne- sota Red mng. State Training School 1 Massa- chusetts IVesthoro, Lyman School for Boys -5- Massa- chusetts Lancaster, State In- dustrial School for Girls Maine Portland, State School for Boys §• Indiana Plainfield, Indiana Boys' School ^ t Indiana Clermont, Indiana Girls' School Illinois St. Charles, St. Charles School for Boys 8 ITS Illinois Geneva, Training School for Girls 00 Connec- ticut Meriden, School for Boys ^ i 1 o 1 1 Z ir\ 0> C* C* g & % o o t^ rr\ i>O0 rr\rr\ «00 c "'5 "^1 72 4 s^ .« ^ S^ o- -^ U c)) u X ^ ^ CQ 00 < ti. s r^ —00 « "N Tf - r< « - r^ (S rrs — — — r^ ^ -T3 ■1 ^ c a o (/5 CIS X "U .2 ^^J c/D tJU C- U c/3 -S C.2 73 ts y, "J* rr\ a 5 ^ z i^^ss. ^ 8 5l||l Q ^ 12=.^ § ^ ^""S ^ Z -S-r*^ «^ u 2 Si^'^.'S Tf S s u Q -^^ S 1 ?; Q z ^ s-^ o < a "3 rbi CQ B O ■^ rr> .^ S - '^ <; o ."« Y rf\ O) rr\ o £_) ^ Si Mi 1 c") g ^ SsSmI 8 Y 2 ^=2111 ;? £i. M P «>« kJ ^ wi - 1 ^ sd u u Z D ? w C ? 2 j: ^ 1 1 to " •s r- v> W m e s z 00— • • • -rrvr^mroiT^ ^-^ .... 4 1 ! 00 moo M - >0 00 - 1 1 m r^vo — — (S . . .^O - -vo i 1 €^ rrs rr\ , C^ , . irx rr\ (r\ . roi 1^ Q J??;|^^^8J;^^2?:5^ 5^ t^^ I^ • • • \0 • m — -op rr\\0 mvo 1 k Lands Administration Building Cottages School House Chapel Hospital Water Supply, Sewage, etc. Workshops Boiler House Stables, etc Additional Buildings . Furniture 13 C 2 IS s 9 C (U I > l< is 5T o •; o ^^' £ o P w s -p. <^ ^ vS l»l^ s g S 5 ^3 s — ITN \o N « «gi? : ....... rn 00 1 €©■ m N r< rroo p< 1 o ITS ii.'S^ : • • • -VOVO rTi"^ ITS (H « « fs rf\ r^ (S — VO rr\ ^a : . . N . TTOO , ^ O ^ «©■ 4^ rf r^ \0 r« C^ rr* r^ ^^: ....— . <^ ^ (s Q W m UN 0> I^O — N irsTf m. ffN u-N— , . ifs r^rri O ir\ P^ ^-^ • - : :.- ^ Tf -^ T «»- u H Tf rr\ (TN O^ 00 t>. TT 1 "^ r^rrv c^ (r\ UN t VO «&• (r\ UN 1 M m- ^ Q hJ 1 s; 00 - rf^ rr\ VO O ^^ ^ ^TfXO VO k'N 00 «&- (S Tf- CD «K»- Q "^ < >A fa O H ^S.: • • • . r^ • « ir\ r^ VI «»• O u rrvOO O^ VO 00 r< VO pj -i-oo O- . Tj. . . . . - rf\ « « «©■ - TT -» «>■ • . • . «« 0) >> KM • • ..... • ^ o o c . . « <3 • s .2 3 ..|...g. . 2 IS CQ C^l ^ ■|s Chapel . Hospital . Water Supply. Workshops Boiler House . Stables, etc. . Additional Bull Furniture ■ ll Lands Administra School Hou Average nu I 76 \0 ITS ©» ir\ tVi N ■^ ^ r^ S J2 o Tf o^ ir\\0 rr\ ■ S r»v£)00 c^r^o ^ ^ \0 kr\ ^ O O '^ QO • "j c a o "— ' V5 rt X OJ 77 "A o l-H H tDtn HW i-iin ^^ H 1 Wiscon- sin Milwaukee. St Rose's Orphan Asylum o Pennsyl- vania Erie. St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum R (^ Ohio Cleveland. Protestant Orphan Asylum ^ Ohio Cleveland. Jewish Orphan Asylum o ITS Ohio Cincin- nati. St. Joseph Orphanage Ohio Cincinnati. Children's Home 7 5P New York Buffalo. German Roman Catholic Orphan " Asylum New York Buffalo. Buffalo Orphan Asylum O § ^ C 1 3 •s B Z 00 I « ITS O I noo % 00 r> - r< r« V.O rf\ r>.— . . .00 , o t^ r\ Tf O^ • • . ^ VO «&■ • • €«■ P< UN fS o o (^ Tfr« . . . . .\c) mm t^ "*■ «©■ rr . . fr\ , t^ fTs Q rr\ VO • • • • . . . . cr\ 5 « ^ IfN . . . • v5 «« «& C/D _0 a; , '* } PS T3 .78 3 00 i .B '^ £ B o o -O > c> o n c< ooo oo (S », -^ -, - «e- ^ O^ I^ rr\0O O rrs o ©&■ fA - ^ (S M o O — "^ 2 - rr\rf NOO O r^ 00 -00 - r^ ^ a - -00 irvvfii O » ir\ — "^ — rr\ rr\ c» u €©■ p^ «5- w PL4 1 1 rr\ r^ — VO rfN "^ ■^ > ^ ^ - ii- w z o (^ p o — O "^ -^ — c^ w 00 - m r« tr\ N €^ w Z M ft W irx r>.\o » 6«- - (N . . . - ^ rf^ - rr r>. vo o r->oo ^ C> ! Tfco - o rrNt^kTN — t^«S r^ m — rfMTN . . . . - o ^^^ • • -^ M c« 1 ^ W u"vOO t^rf\ C»- o-"^t^ iTS ^ C/2 VO rr\ t^^sO . rfN O . - r^ (S 00 r^ m - m (^ r< - fTN 5 «^ «9- S 1 PQ VO it s ««. . rr\- . . -. . . - ie- 3 1 o f^ .vS ^ O ' ^ r^ €©■ ' — H €«■ o u on vF o « , W- €«■ TfiTsO — '^rr^ rr\ (TN •Tf O oooor^r^-rf\,ii~s.n .vo o (TN r« — M — rr\ €«©■ ^ \ Q c TS • Ta VI . J3 . ~ .r a U 3 ii C fe . 1 § 1.3! .1 Is 3 I) • «j • 2 • • ^ a 3 o^ C >> •| §J>i- -2 .C/5-C c«- O 3 > < -It T) o c - 2s Q W i5 Q J O z Chief Cook and Baker 1 — O . . ■" O . . NO w<0 «u^Orr\(S o §1 '' B'i g V5 3 £J .22 0-- U C N o c>S £i"P ^--^ > 2 C-T3 T3 o o ^ C C (U S3 "* ^ >^IU ^ -a g.2 XI D. re «^ = t= CI- C/3 — 82 f1 »J-^Lr irs r^ i/N ir- li-x - O . . - o . . -^ ri rCo f^ n fs ^ ^ €^ s %^ %©■ %&■ 00 . M ITMTn ITS jy^ cot (T\ - o . . - O . — "^ . . -" "^ . . r^ . 1^ . t^ . "^ . . €^ «©■ ^ €©■ \0 ir\ irv O tr\ irv i/-< c^ o o . Tj- UNO O O ■^ fr\ -^ m - n - r-^ . rp\ cf\ fTN rr\ ^ ^« €!©■ 6%= M O "^ ""> r» - O . OOO O "~^ t^ — ITS — rrs -. ro — (S (S Tf . rr\ 'Tf ^ ci €©. ^■ &9- ©9= - "^ . - o . — <^ . . ^ • . . , . ■ s. ■ • €;!: • • — trs - O — ir\ - o n • LTV • r^ • . . ITN . M • ro • %©■ %©■ ^ &©■ ^ £ E e s ^ III > 3 c«.3 E E > 3 rj.5 > ^ 2 3 •2 S E nil l"Bc se-s| 3 rt .S > 3 rt .- 2:s:s^ < ' * ^c • c z rt ii J3 C c P. CD . 1 c < c .2 c^ cs "5 • "ti a E _a 3 C/3 „- ">> o • 8 < ^ 1 JS c)^ C l-s c)^ .a 1^ .^ 3 3 o 'f ^ IS 3 Pu >, ^ w Oh 4> c < 2iZ ^ 52 cS ^ 4) u n 2l2 83 z a X u z D a z Q od O z o 5 -J t^ o Z 2 a: IS Chief Cook and Baker VO LTs u-s VO tN ■^ coo t^ .... Head Far- mer and Gardener or Florist r^OO^J^ N<^"^ -^C'^^/^ Chief Engineer -8 . . -^. , -2 . . -8 . . e©- 5r ^ • ^ • • 1 5 i rr\\0 n^t .... rs-^ rj-trsM. ©9- .... S©- • • »9. • Matron Super- inten- dent rr\ O rr\ ' • .... .... ^ . . ©> • • • • m- ' • Number Maximum Minimum Average Number Maximum Minimum Average Number Maximum Minimum Average Number Maximum Minimum Average 1 Delinquent Children — Congregate Institu- tions — House of Refuge, Randall's Island. N. Y. . New York Catholic Protectory (Female De- partment), Westchester, N. Y. . New York Catholic Protectory (Male De- partment), Westchester, N. Y. . Delinquent Children — Cottage Institutions — Training School for Girls, Geneva, 111. . n S S c c CS 3 CTJ c c r, c TO c^ E ■M E 4> > § a t« 1 Z B "• V T) a • ?i « *- o S^ ,« C rt C ^ ^(S •O o -^ % CU c/) 84 fS o o o li-\ li^ iTN 1 r< c^ ITS rv — "N ... Tf M rn t^ • ... ©9. 6©= • •» ITS U^ ITS N IAS O rrs (S O 1^00 — r^ r^ rr\ ITS \o "^ irs -^ • ""^^^ -8 . • -i: : 22. • • ^ • • i^ • O r^ T ir\ r^ (N ■^ — C^ rrs tr\ ■vS ie is be ^ E E «:>c2w)?^c2Sba^c2W)4>e2bb 5p3 g"^ — k- r- ••— ■ ^^ L- r^ ••-' *^ I- r^ '^^ z^ i- r" '^^ !!!? k^ 3 c^.5 > 3 rt.S > 3 rt.S > 3 rt.S > 3 rt.S > r= -2 .E £ ^ . c S M O £.S £ ^ •- rt ^.1 S S c ^ pH o 2 ^ o CQ k. o o o -C g t: c« JS "^ a s c^ m o "^ ITN . 00 -^^o -S5-^ Q &©■ €r©- • &©■ o §©. O §CQ » o ■^ « ^ ^ •> ir\ tSOrr\t^fSirsO00 — LTs (N O "^00 -^-S CO • o iTN tN, r> -^ LTS (TN irsTf Tf 1t1^ &©= • ^ &©- &^ • ^» :Jg^^ t •s-^ — Lr\ - n — LTV - o — ir\ 00 • G- • u-\ . ■^ 00 • • ^ Sb &©■ • &©■ • • §©■ • ©&= €i^ • • U s ttl ^ 1 1 -§ ^^t/^0 C- TTOO ^?^8^ r^oo "^ o VO C O - Tf rr\ M 00 ro rr\ rr\ fA 00 (^ ITS « &©■ ^^ — ■ „ ^^ s &©■ -■ (^ ^ fe ^ O irsO 00 Tf t^(S TT (TMi^O - (S u> o - o o - Q - rr\r< fS krsiTNM rr\-*l- Tf- - m — rr\ M • M 00 rf\ k/N ^ €©■ €© ^ €©■ e^ K ^ <3 o 8 1 - (YN . . - f^ . - n 00 "^ I TT e©. e©- %^ J It -|: ^ : -. "^ : 00 a©- &©■ m- &©= e e ^ E E e E E E ^ S E S 3 3 1 ^l| ml 3 re Xi C H nS 1 e-s| E-;<| o E P5-3 i E ">< g D c X 'P aj 3 rt.S > 3 rt.E > 3 rt.E > 3 P3 > 3 rt .3 > i z:^:S< Z :s ^ < Z ^ :s < z :^ S < z S :s < . t . J3 W) 00 • c)^ O 15 ? 5 >«* is O i z 'C 4J 3 1 ^ CO 0, (U c S3 (U re T3 aj O ^ . E "" Cre 5 '^ c = re c g "rt O > 0) ^ ^ go 3 Q ^ ^ ^§^ ^3*3 • • (1) .^ li§ T3 o ": •55 CO V ^ja c > *- E S 86 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 12. — Hudson County Catholic Protectory Location: Arlington, N. J. Capacity: i8o children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Day Rooms 460 Dining Rooms 1360 Dormitories 8ioo Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 3790 School Rooms 33^0 Baths, etc. . 2050 Clothes Rooms Hospital 624 Total 19744 For Officers Sitting Rooms 1040 Dining Rooms 820 Bed Rooms 2760 Baths, etc 170 Total 4790 For General Purposes Offices 300 Reception Rooms 340 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms qooo Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 6400 Sewing Rooms 1750 Kitchens 1000 Laundry 3120 Store Rooms 2540 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 4610 Porches 990 Total 30050 Grand Total 54584 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... Value of Plant Per Bed (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Dec. 31, 1909 Current Expenses per child (Based on 178 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers Average Floor Space for each Officer 87 Per Bed 3 8 45 21 18 1 1 109 6 5 I 27 2 2 50 36 9 6 17 14 26 5 167 303 pi 69,200 $940 $23745 I133 22 218 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 13. — House of Refuge of the Managers of the Society for Reforma- tion OF Juvenile Offenders Location: Randall's Island, N. Y. Capacity: 850 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms Dining Rooms . 7840 q Dormitories 44400 52 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 7150 8 School Rooms 12406 15 Baths, etc 8132 10 Clothes Rooms 1500 2 Hospital 5786 7 Total 87214 103 For Officers Sitting Rooms 3262 4 Dining Rooms 2463 3 Bed Rooms •734' 20 Baths, etc 1084 ' Total 24150 28 For General Purposes Offices 1734 2 Reception Rooms 717 i Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 5640 7 Industrial Room.s (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 30250 35 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 5998 7 Laundry Store Rooms 12506 15 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . . 15045 18 Porches 316 Total 72206 85 Grand Total 183570 216 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $738,975 Value of Plant Per Bed I869 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1909 . . . 1158,989 Current Expenses Per Child $234 (Based on 680 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 90 Average Floor Space for each Officer 268 88 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 14. — State Industrial School (a) Location: Rochester, N. Y. Capacity: 800 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms Dining Rooms 15910 20 Dormitories 63776 80 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 33250 42 School Rooms 21722 27 Baths, etc . 8520 11 Clothes Rooms 978 i Hospital 8342 10 Total 152498 191 For Officers Sitting Rooms 2188 3 Dining Rooms 1600 2 Bed Rooms 19973 25 Baths, etc 1207 i Total 24968 31 For General Purposes Offices 1850 2 Reception Rooms 560 i Library 560 i Chapel and Assembly Rooms •3'50 '6 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 30880 39 Sewing Rooms 450 i Kitchens 4072 5 Laundry 5728 7 Store Rooms 11628 14 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . . 21430 27 Porches Total 90308 113 Grand Total 267774 335 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $579.3o8 Value of Plant Per Bed $724 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1892 . . . $156,906 Current Expenses Per Child $200 (Based on 785 children, average for year) Number of Beds for officers 95 Average Floor Space for each Officer 263 (a) Buildings abandoned in 1907 and school moved to Industry, N. Y. 89 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 15. — New York Catholic Protectory (Male Department) Location: Westchester, N. Y. Capacity: 1800 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Pet Bed Day Rooms 7626 4 Dining Rooms 14760 8 Dormitories 62828 35 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 13404 7 School Rooms 23731 13 Baths, etc.. . 25776 15 Clothes Rooms 7492 4 Hospital 16423 9 Total 172040 95 For Officers Sitting Rooms 3856 2 Dining Rooms 2810 2 Bed Rooms '7 '43 9 Baths, etc 1260 1 Total 25069 14 For General Purposes Offices 938 I Reception Rooms 1445 ' Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 20868 12 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 41382 23 Sewing Rooms 2040 i Kitchens 4918 3 Laundry 4774 2 Store Rooms 22720 12 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 241 14 14 Porches 6221 3 Total 29420 72 Grand Total 326529 181 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $929,250 Value of Plant Per Bed I516 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1909 . . . ^216,659 Current Expenses Per Child $125 (Based on 1727 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 150 Average Floor Space for each Officer 167 90 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 16. — New York Catholic Protectory (Female Department) Location: Westchester, N. Y. Capacity: 900 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 3551 4 Dining Rooms 10196 1 1 Dormitories 45284 50 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 13696 15 School Rooms 12596 14 Baths, etc, 8821 10 Clothes Rooms 3315 4 Hospital 11229 13 Total 108688 121 For Officers Sitting Rooms 2225 2 Dining Rooms 1202 i Bed Rooms 9519 n Baths, etc $95 • Total 13541 15 For General Purposes Offices 743 ' Reception Rooms 161$ 2 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 4845 5 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 7026 8 Sewing Rooms 23 11 2 Kitchens 4637 5 Laundry 5137 6 Store Rooms 7050 8 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 27197 30 Porches 1127 i Total 61688 68 Grand Total 183917 204 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... §507,810 Value of Plant Per Bed $564 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1909 . . . |ioo,6o4 Current Expenses Per Child $126 (Based on 800 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 63 Average Floor Space for each Officer 215 91 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 17. — Cincinnati House of Refuge Location: Cincinnati, Ohio, Capacity: 450 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 1020 2 Dining Rooms 4691 n Dormitories , 21841 49 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 9311 21 School Rooms 11916 26 Baths, etc 5518 12 Clothes Rooms 1452 3 Hospital 1005 2 Total 56754 126 For Officers Sitting Rooms 300 i Dining Rooms 1064 2 Bed Rooms . . . . 3440 8 Baths, etc 300 i Total 5104 12 For General Purposes Offices 624 I Reception Rooms 660 i Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3932 9 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 9935 22 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 3424 8 Laundry i8i6 4 Store Rooms 7046 16 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . , 10168 22 Porches 360 i Total 37965 84 Grand Total 99823 222 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) , . , , $313,100 Value of Plant Per Bed $696 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Dec, 31, 1908 . , . I76. 113 Current Expenses Per Child $204 (Based on 373 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 27 (a) Average Floor Space for each Officer 189 (a) 31 other officers living outside. 92 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 18. — Connecticut School for Boys. Location: Meriden, Conn. Capacity: 460 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 980 2 Dining Rooms 6840 15 Dormitories 19170 42 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 8640 19 School Rooms 6560 14 Baths, etc 4380 9 Clothes Rooms 2740 6 Hospital 2180 5 Total 51490 112 For Officers Sitting Rooms 2530 5 Dining Rooms 1440 3 Bed Rooms 7190 16 Baths, etc 360 i Total 11520 25 For General Purposes Offices 380 I Reception Rooms 1130 2 Library 1200 3 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3490 7 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 3810 8 Sewing Rooms 950 2 Kitchens 4064 9 Laundry 2150 5 Store Rooms 5450 12 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 6604 14 Porches 750 2 Total 29978 65 Grand Total 92988 202 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... 1238,450 Value of Plant Per Bed I518 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1909 ... 175,480 Current Expenses Per Child $175 (Based on 431 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 45 Average Floor Space for each Officer 256 93 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 19. — State Training School for Girls Location: Geneva, 111. Capacity: 418 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 2663 6 Dining Rooms . 6549 16 Dormitories 30082 72 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 27030 65 School Rooms 454o 1 1 Baths, etc 3192 7 Clothes Rooms 1328 3 Hospital 4133 10 Total 79517 190 For Officers Sitting Rooms 1428 3 Dining Rooms 726 2 Bed Rooms 11546 28 Baths, etc 1600 4 Total 15300 37 For General Purposes Offices 864 2 Reception Rooms 440 1 Library 1608 4 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 13436 32 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 2648 6 Sewing Rooms 480 i Kitchens 4412 11 Laundry 7120 17 Store Rooms 16588 40 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 16906 40 Porches 5349 13 Total 69851 167 Grand Total 164668 394 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... 1419,842 Value of Plant Per Bed 1 1,004 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending June 30, 1909 . . . $83,352 Current Expenses Per Child $185 (Based on 450 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers • . 75 Average Floor Space for each Officer . 204 94 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 20. — St. Charles School for Boys l.ocation: St. Charles, 111. Capacity: 500 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Day Rooms 9793 Dining Rooms 9440 Dormitories 21364 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 28586 School Rooms 4800 Baths, etc 10250 Clothes Rooms 9508 Hospital 2738 Total For Officers Sitting Rooms Dining Rooms Bed Rooms Baths, etc.. Total 96479 9831 For General Purposes Offices 1444 Reception Rooms 2916 Library 800 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 5576 Industrial Rooms (Including Mamual Training and Do- mestic Science) 9096 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 6093 Laundry 1872 Store Rooms 8126 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 6048 Porches 2267 Total 44238 Per Bed 20 19 43 57 10 20 19 5 193 993 2 1478 3 7116 14 244 ' 20 88 Grand Total . . 150548 301 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) Value of Plant Per Bed (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending June 30, 1909 Current Expenses Per Child (Based on 392 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers . Average Floor Space for each Officer $527,493 $1,055 $96,540 ^246 64 '54 95 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 21. — Indiana Girls' School Location: Clermont, Ind. Capacity: 320 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Day Rooms 4666 Dining Rooms 4571 Dormitories 16656 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) School Rooms 3680 Baths, etc 2978 Clothes Rooms 2713 Hospital 22QI Total For Oificers Sitting Rooms Dining Rooms Bed Rooms Baths, etc. . Total 37755 1526 1 232 1 600 14447 For General Purposes Offices 527 Reception Rooms 2349 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 4485 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 1472 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 3984 Laundry 2160 Store Rooms 7297 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 12 143 Porches 1708 Total 36125 Grand Total 88327 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... Value of Plant Per Bed (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1908 Current Expenses Per Child (Based on 218 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers . Average Floor Space for each Officer Per Bed 14 52 118 45 2 7 14 12 7 23 38 5 113 276 $316,125 ?54.779 §251 50 289 96 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 22. — Indiana Boys' School Location: Plainfield, Ind. Capacity: 698 ciiildren. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 12628 18 Dining Rooms 5000 7 Dormitories 23499 34 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 1020 i School Rooms 6912 10 Baths, etc 15 198 22 Clothes Rooms 5382 8 Hospital 5942 8 Total 75581 108 For Officers Sitting Rooms 2749 4 Dining Rooms 1402 2 Bed Rooms 16554 24 Baths, etc 716 i Total 21421 31 For General Purposes Offices 1736 2 Reception Rooms 1754 2 Library 1640 2 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3857 6 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 26300 38 Sewing Rooms 405 i Kitchens 3751 5 Laundry Store Rooms 4822 7 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 4144 6 Porches 1884 3 Total 50293 72 Grand Total . 147295 211 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... ?339.907 Value of Plant Per Bed I487 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1908 . . . 172,645 Current Expenses Per Child $128 (Based on 567 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 30 Average Floor Space for each Officer 714 8* 97 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 23. — State School for Boys Location: Portland, Maine. Capacity: 140 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms Dining Rooms 2286 16 Dormitories 7388 53 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 3528 25, School Rooms 3162 22 Baths, etc 2409 17 Clothes Rooms 3471 25 Hospital 2068 15 Total 24312 173 For Officers Sitting Rooms 2192 16 Dining Rooms 805 6 Bed Rooms 6988 $0 Baths, etc 1038 7 Total 11023 79 For General Purposes Offices 1908 14 Reception Rooms 801 6 Library 1000 7 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 2288 16 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 800 6 Sewing Rooms 1443 10 Kitchens 2444 17 Laundry 2031 14 Store Rooms 9628 69 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 8366 60 Porches 802 6 Total 31511 225 Grand Total 66846 477 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... §266,858 Value of Plant Per Bed $1,906 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Nov. 30, 1908 . . . 132,177 Current Expenses Per Child %22j (Based on 141 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers ........ 30 Average Floor Space for each Officer 367 98 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 24. — State Industrial School for Girls Location: Lancaster, Mass. Capacity: 242 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 2833 12 Dining Rooms 1961 8 Dormitories 16703 69 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) School Rooms 5045 21 Baths, etc 1715 7 Clothes Rooms iioi 4 Hospital 3339 14 Total 32697 135 For Officers Sitting Rooms 3421 14 Dining Rooms 304 i Bed Rooms 10998 45 Baths, etc 609 3 Total 15332 63 For General Purposes Offices 1055 4 Reception Rooms 214 i Library 238 i Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3266 " 13 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) '4039 58 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 390 2 Laundry Store Rooms 19326 80 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 10674 44 Porches 6915 29 Total 56117 232 Grand Total . 104146 430 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $264,420 Value of Plant Per Bed $1,092 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Nov. 30, 1908 . . . $60,161 Current Expenses Per Child $246 (Based on 245 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 60 Average Floor Space for each Officer 256 99 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 25. — Lyman School for Boys Location: Westboro, Mass. Capacity: 412 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 9319 23 Dining Rooms 7186 17 Dormitories 16823 41 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) '3'65 32 School Rooms 9702 24 Baths, etc 6401 15 Clothes Rooms 5582 13 Hospital 2813 7 Total 70991 172 For Officers Sitting Rooms 2089 5 Dining Rooms 731 2 Bed Rooms 11003 26 Baths, etc 1058 3 Total 14881 36 For General Purposes Offices 534 I Reception Rooms 2815 7 Library 192 1 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3112 8 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 141 78 34 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 5842 14 Laundry 4554 11 Store Rooms 21074 51 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 10109 25 Porches 2091 5 Total . 64501 157 Grand Total I50373 365 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... 1330,793 Value of Plant Per Bed . I803 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Nov. 30, 1909 . . . $99,463 Current Expenses Per Child $244 (Based on 408 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 50 (a) Average Floor Space for each Officer 298 (a) 19 other employes. 100 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUEl^li \ ''V :' '. -'; '. ' ' Table 26. — Minnesota State Training School Location: Red Wing, Minn. Capacity: 400 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 4476 1 1 Dining Rooms 5140 13 Dormitories 18432 46 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 13968 35 School Rooms 6440 16 Baths, etc 6096 15 Clothes Rooms 2852 7 Hospital 1400 4 Total 58804 147 For Officers Sitting Rooms 1324 3 Dining Rooms 1085 3 Bed Rooms 11672 29 Baths, etc 789 2 Total 14870 37 For General Purposes Offices ' 1360 3 Reception Rooms 1344 3 Library 720 2 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 2360 6 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) II 024 28 Sewing Rooms 864 2 Kitchens 2144 5 Laundry 2189 6 Store Rooms 11890 30 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 1 1999 30 Porches 2484 6 Total 48378 121 Grand Total 122052 305 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $362,100 Value of Plant Per Bed I905 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending July 31, 1909 . . . $67,857 Current Expenses Per Child I169 (Based on 402 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 35 Average Floor Space for each Officer 425 101 Cottage institutions — delinquent Table 27. — State Home for Boys Location: Jamesburg. N. J. Capacity: 510 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms Dining Rooms 5560 11 Dormitories 18447 3^ Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 9656 19 School Rooms '2513 24 Baths, etc 3429 7 Clothes Rooms 2405 5 Hospital 3960 8 Total 55970 no For Officers Sitting Rooms 3 141 6 Dining Rooms 920 2 Bed Rooms 8686 17 Baths, etc, 883 2 Total 13630 27 For General Purposes Offices . . ■ 1 268 2 Reception Rooms 4577 9 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 7390 14 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 7120 14 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 3672 7 Laundry Store Rooms H742 23 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 5998 12 Porches 3072 6 Total 44839 87 Grand Total 1 14439 224 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... 1336,480 Value of Plant Per Bed |66o (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Oct. 31, 1908 . . . §89,040 Current Expenses Per Child $175 (Based on 509 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers ' . 60 Average Floor Space for each Officer 227 102 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 28. — Hawthorne School of the Jewish Protectory and Aid Society Location: Hawthorne, N. Y. Capacity: 300 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 6820 23 Dining Rooms 5846 19 Dormitories 1 1020 37 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 7910 26 School Rooms 5950 20 Baths, etc 6766 23 Clothes Rooms 3088 10 Hospital 1728 6 Total 49128 164 For Officers Sitting Rooms 1316 4 Dining Rooms 1070 4 Bed Rooms 10647 35 Baths, etc 1234 4 Total 14267 47 For General Purposes Offices 1176 4 Reception Rooms 1472 5 Library 756 3 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3128 10 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 3024 10 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 2331 8 Laundry 1470 5 Store Rooms 4516 15 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) ..11170 37 Porches 1540 5 Total '..,.. 30583 102 Grand Total 93978 3^3 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... 1565,225 Value of Plant Per Bed $1,884 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1909 . . . 146,622 Current Expenses Per Child $225 (Based on 183 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers ........ 52 Average Floor Space for each Officer . . . . . . 274 103 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 29. — State Agricultural and Industrial School Location: Industry, N. Y. Capacity: 640 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 16441 26 Dining Rooms . 13 100 20 Dormitories 29995 47 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) School Rooms Baths, etc 5531 q Clothes Rooms 10400 16 Hospital 6957 1 1 Total 82424 129 For Officers Sitting Rooms 8348 13 Dining Rooms 2985 5 Bed Rooms 21443 33 Baths, etc 2107 3 Total 34883 54 For General Purposes Offices 3100 5 Reception Rooms 970 2 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 13120 21 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 20075 3' Sewing Rooms Kitchens 12163 19 Laundry 864 1 Store Rooms 23582 37 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 196:^5 30 Porches 10034 16 Total 103533 162 Grand Total 220840 345 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $626,786 Value of Plant Per Bed $979 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1909 . . . $148,682 Current Expenses Per Child $245 (Based on 606 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 136 Average Floor Space for each Officer 257 104 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 30. — Cleveland Boys' Home Location: Hudson, Ohio. Capacity: 133 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Day Rooms 3392 Dining Rooms 4210 Dormitories '0345 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 2589 School Rooms 2976 Baths, etc 1076 Clothes Rooms 288 Hospital 24876 2356 Total For Officers Sitting Rooms Dining Rooms Bed Rooms Baths, etc.. Total For General Purposes Offices Reception Rooms Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 1440 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 1080 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 2898 Laundry 1080 Store Rooms 2352 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 1660 Porches 1069 Total 12575 Per Bed 26 32 78 19 22 187 7696 58 302 2 10354 78 456 3 540 4 22 8 18 12 8 94 Grand Total 47805 359 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) Value of Plant Per Bed (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Dec. 31, 1908 Current Expenses Per Child (Based on 120 children, average for year) Number of Beds for officers . Average Floor Space for each Officer $100,000 $752 $34,290 $286 30 345 105 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 31. — Boys' Industrial School for the State of Ohio Location: Lancaster, Ohio. Capacity: 1220 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 24974 21 Dining Rooms . , 12540 10 Dormitories 41948 34 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 27962 23 School Rooms . 9300 8 Baths, etc '2473 'O Clothes Rooms J 2741 11 Hospital 7597 6 Total 149535 123 For Officers Sitting Rooms 2236 2 Dining Rooms 2204 2 Bed Rooms 29076 23 Baths, etc 3470 3 Total 36986 30 For General Purposes Offices 2192 2 Reception Rooms 5150 4 Library 216 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 8084 7 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 16969 14 Sewing Rooms 750 1 Kitchens 8329 7 Laundry 4024 3 Store Rooms 5010 4 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 11763 9 Porches 5172 4 Total 67659 55 Grand Total . 254180 208 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $820,052 Value of Plant Per Bed $672 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Nov. 15, 1907 . . . $180,061 Current Expenses Per Child $171 (Based on 1055 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers - . 142 Average Floor Space for each Officer 260 106 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 32. — Sockanosset School for Boys Location: Howard, R. I. Capacity: 425 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Day Rooms 2550 Dining Rooms 4140 Dormitories 1 1400 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 3800 School Rooms 5400 Baths, etc 4500 Clothes Rooms 1390 Hospital 2080 Total For Officers Sitting Rooms Dining Rooms Bed Rooms Baths, etc.. Total For General Purposes Offices Reception Rooms Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms Kitchens Laundry Store Rooms Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) Porches Total Grand Total 35260 iqSo 1070 8800 500 12350 520 170 280 2880 8210 970 7820 5210 1040 27100 74710 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) Value of Plant Per Bed (Based on Number of Beds for Children) 1Q09 Current Expenses for year ending Jany. i Current Expenses Per Child .... (Based on 386 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers . Average Floor Space for each Officer Per Bed 6 10 27 9 '3 10 3 5 83 5 3 20 I 29 I 7 19 2 19 12 2 63 175 ^267,600 $630 $60,350 $156 38 325 107 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 33. — Wisconsin Industrial School for Girls Location: Milwaukee, Wis. Capacity: 245 ciiildren. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms Dining Rooms . 3476 14 Dormitories 18986 78 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 272 1 School Rooms 4764 19 Baths, etc 2104 9 Clothes Rooms 952 4 Hospital 1048 4 Total 31602 129 For Officers Sitting Rooms 718 3 Dining Rooms 1066 4 Bed Rooms 4258 18 Baths, etc 720 3 Total 6762 28 For General Purposes Offices ........... 936 4 Reception Rooms 982 4 Library 736 3 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 2880 12 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Ill 07 45 Sewing Rooms 1726 7 Kitchens 11 26 5 Laundry Store Rooms 13286 54 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 11312 46 Porches 1835 7 Total 45926 187 Grand Total 84290 344 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) . . . . 1178,750 Value of Plant Per Bed $729 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1908 . . . $38,467 Current Expenses Per Child $169 (Based on 228 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers -. 30 Average Floor Space for each Officer 225 108 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DELINQUENT Table 34. — Wisconsin Industrial School for Boys Location: Waukesha, Wis. Capacity: 420 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Day Rooms Dining Rooms 5280 Dormitories 12788 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 7456 School Rooms 7140 Baths, etc 5544 Clothes Rooms 2148 Hospital 3604 Total 43960 For Officers Sitting Rooms 5324 Dining Rooms Q40 Bed Rooms 7684 Baths, etc 1258 Total 15206 For General Purposes Offices 1 120 Reception Rooms 252 Library 420 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 5280 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 6324 Sewing Rooms ^^ . 3233 Kitchens 4'oo Laundry 1824 Store Rooms 3844 Halls (including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 8288 Porches 464 Total 35149 Grand Total 943^5 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... Value of Plant Per Bed (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending June 30, 1909 Current Expenses Per Child (Based on 363 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers Average Floor Space for each Officer 109 Per Bed >3 30 18 '7 >3 5 9 105 >3 2 18 3 3 1 I >3 •5 8 10 4 9 19 1 84 225 1322,153 $767 $68,982 $190 50 304 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 35. — New Haven Orphan Asylum Location: New Haven, Conn. Capacity: 141 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Day Rooms 742 Dining Rooms 1269 Dormitories . 4514 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 2158 School Rooms 4 '50 Baths, etc 712 Clothes Rooms 240 Hospital 33QO Total For Officers Sitting Rooms Dining Rooms Bed Rooms Baths, etc.. Total For General Purposes Offices Reception Rooms Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms Kitchens Laundry Store Rooms Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) Porches Total Grand Total 17175 550 2787 3337 140 310 12774 33286 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) Value of Plant Per Bed (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending May 15, 190Q Current Expenses Per Child (Based on 122 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers Average Floor Space for each Officer . Per Bed 5 9 32 >5 30 5 2 24 122 4 20 750 650 560 1060 5 5 4 7 3400 24 4784 34 1120 8 90 236 %6o, 1 00 $426 $22,400 $184 .76 I 10 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 36. — St. Francis Orphan Asylum Location: New Haven, Conn. Capacity: 460 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms Dining Rooms 6804 15 Dormitories 26456 58 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) .... 7021 15 School Rooms 8420 19 Baths, etc 4209 9 Clothes Rooms 561 i Hospital 1888 4 Total 55359 121 For Officers Sitting Rooms 1040 2 Dining Rooms 1176 3 Bed Rooms 5762 12 Baths, etc 752 2 Total 8730 19 For General Purposes Offices 1286 3 Reception Rooms 324 i Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 7578 16 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms --, 760 2 Kitchens 1478 3 Laundry ' 1856 4 Store Rooms 2814 6 Halls (Including* Cloak Rooms in School House). . . 5045 11 Porches Total 21141 46 Grand Total . ' 85230 186 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $326,960 Value of Plant Per Bed I711 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Dec. 31, I Q08 . . . $32,777 Current Expenses Per Child I84 (Based on 392 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers . 29 Average Floor Space for each Officer 301 II I CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 37. — Fairfield County Children's Home Location: Norwalk, Conn. Capacity: 80 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Day Rooms . Dining Rooms 790 Dormitories 2220 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 800 School Rooms 1680 Baths, etc 170 Clothes Rooms 86 Hospital 2138 Total 7884 For Officers Sitting Rooms Dining Rooms 225 Bed Rooms 1380 Baths, etc no Total 1715 For General Purposes Offices "... 180 Reception Rooms 700 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 800 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms 220 Kitchens 420 Laundry 740 Store Rooms 1955 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 990 Porches 130 Total 6135 Grand Total 15734 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... Value of Plant Per Bed (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Oct. 15, IQ09 Current Expenses Per Child (Based on 80 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers Average Floor Space for each Officer I 12 Per Bed 10 28 10 21 2 27 99 3 >7 I 21 3 5 9 25 12 2 77 197 138,500 $481 $16,755 I209 8 214 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 38.— Wm. L. Gilbert Home. Location: Winsted, Conn. Capacity: 270 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 908 4 Dining Rooms 2321 8 Dormitories 10654 39 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 2770 10 School Rooms 4795 '^ Baths, etc 1292 5 Clothes Rooms 93^ 4 Hospital 2503 9 Total 26179 97 For Officers Sitting Rooms 1242 5 Dining Rooms 726 3 Bed Rooms 5050 19 Baths, etc 692 2 Total 7710 29 For General Purposes Offices 576 2 Reception Rooms 300 i Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms 280 i Kitchens 1320 5 Laundry 1104 4 Store Rooms 5769 21 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 6662 25 Porches 2812 10 Total 18823 69 Grand Total 52712 195 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $149,500 Value of Plant Per Bed I554 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending July i, 1909 .... $29,740 Current Expenses Per Child fii2 (Based on 265 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 27 Average Floor Space for each Officer 286 113 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 39. — St. Mary's Training School Location: Feehanville, 111. Capacity: 462 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 4674 10 Dining Rooms 11180 24 Dormitories 21056 46 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 6044 13 School Rooms 7908 17 Baths, etc 6522 14 Clothes Rooms 2000 5 Hospital 4746 10 Total 64130 139 For Officers Sitting Rooms 2716 6 Dining Rooms 2920 6 Bed Rooms 10174 22 Baths, etc 2108 5 Total 17918 39 For General Purposes Offices 1360 3 Reception Rooms 432 i Library 4424 9 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 4668 10 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms 1364 3 Kitchens 5924 13 Laundry 1776 4 Store Rooms 5158 11 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 19744 43 Porches 2264 5 Total 47114 102 Grand Total 129162 280 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... 1648,048 Value of Plant Per Bed 1 1.403 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Dec. 31, 1908 . . . $41,034 Current Expenses Per Child $91 (Based on 453 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 36 Average Floor Space for each Officer 499 114 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 40. — Protestant Orphan Asylum Location: Detroit, Mich. Capacity: 135 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 1800 13 Dining Rooms 1032 8 Dormitories 3300 25 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 1743 15 School Rooms Baths, etc 11 13 8 Clothes Rooms 560 4 Hospital 400 3 Total 9948 74 For Officers Sitting Rooms 960 7 Dining Rooms 298 2 Bed Rooms 1028 8 Baths, etc 36 Total 2322 17 For General Purposes Offices 260 2 Reception Rooms 567 4 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 1148 9 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms Kitchens 572 4 Laundry 966 7 Store Rooms 5438 40 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 1380 10 Porches 550 4 Total 10881 80 Grand Total 23151 171 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $55,810 Value of Plant Per Bed $413 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) .... Current Expenses for year ending Dec. 31, 1908 . " . . $12,359 Current Expenses Per Child $97 (Based on 127 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers '3 Average Floor Space for each Officer 179 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 41. — Washburn Memorial Orphan Asylum Location: Minneapolis, Minn. Capacity: 122 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms . 2630 22 Dining Rooms 1650 14 Dormitories 4790 39 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 960 8 School Rooms 1644 13 Baths, etc 1328 11 Clothes Rooms 1400 11 Hospital Total 14402 118 For Officers Sitting Rooms . . . Dining Rooms 400 3 Bed Rooms 3600 30 Baths, etc .160 1 Total 4160 34 f For General Purposes Offices 950 8 Reception Rooms 360 3 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3520 29 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 1680 14 Sewing Rooms 840 7 Kitchens 1360 11 Laundry 684 6 Store Rooms 1 1 00 9 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 1600 13 Porches 50 Total 12144 100 Grand Total 30706 252 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... I202.000 Value of Plant Per Bed $1,656 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending April 30, 1Q08 . . . $20,134 Current Expenses Per Child $195 (Based on 103 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 17 Average Floor Space for each Officer 245 116 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 42. — St. Michael's Orphan Asylum Location: Hopewell, N. J. Capacity: 240 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Day Rooms . Dining Rooms 4480 Dormitories 7040 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 3840 School Rooms 2000 Baths, etc.. . 3160 Clothes Rooms 670 Hospital . 900 Total 22090 For Officers Sitting Rooms 670 Dining Rooms 700 Bed Rooms 3100 Baths, etc 274 Total 4744 For General Purposes Offices Reception Rooms . . . 530 Library . Chapel and Assembly Rooms 1820 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) . . . . . . Sewing Rooms . 530 Kitchens 1650 Laundry 2070 Store Rooms 3320 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 8650 Porches 130 Total . 18700 Grand Total . . 45534 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... Value of Plant Per Bed . (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Jany. i, 190Q Current Expenses Per Child (Based on 225 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers ........ Average Floor Space for each Officer . _ 117 Per Bed 19 29 16 8 13 3 4 92 3 3 '3 I 20 2 7 9 >4 36 I 78 190 $204,000 $850 $18,829 $84 22 216 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 43. — Protestant Foster Home Location: Newark, N. J. Capacity: i lo children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 240 2 Dining Rooms 800 7 Dormitories 5600 51 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium 3270 30 School Rooms 2130 20 Baths, etc 570 5 Clothes Rooms 1024 q Hospital 1060 10 Total 14694 134 for Officers Sitting Rooms . . . . Dining Rooms 210 2 Bed Rooms 3365 31 Baths, etc 140 i Total 3715 34 For General Purposes Offices Reception Rooms 550 5 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms 162 i Kitchens 460 4 Laundry 460 4 Store Rooms 2700 25 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 2140 iq Porches 300 3 Total 6772 61 Grand Total 25181 229 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $64,000 Value of Plant Per Bed $582 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending May 10, iqoq . . . $13,500 Current Expenses Per Child |i2i (Based on 1 12 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 14 Average Floor Space for each Officer 265 118 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 44.. — Buffalo Orphan Asylum Location: Buffalo, N. Y. Capacity: 150 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Day Rooms 3463 Dining Rooms 1170 Dormitories 5041 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 612 School Rooms 468 Baths, etc 1069 Clothes Rooms 320 Hospital 1650 Total 13793 For Officers Sitting Rooms 360 Dining Rooms 698 Bed Rooms 3242 Baths, etc 272 Total 4572 For General Purposes Offices 520 Reception Rooms 360 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 820 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms , . 288 Kitchens 691 Laundry 1575 Store Rooms 2453 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 5396 Porches 1632 Total 13735 Grand Total 32100 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... Value of Plant Per Bed (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept.. 30, 1909 Current Expenses Per Child (Based on 123 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers Average Floor Space for each Officer 119 Per Bed 23 8 34 4 3 7 2 II 92 2 5 22 2 31 2 5 1 1 16 36 91 214 $90,000 $600 $15,914 $129 22 208 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 45. — German Roman Catholic Orphan Asylum. Location: Buffalo, N. Y. Capacity: 412 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 1200 3 Dining Rooms 3440 8 Dormitories 17400 42 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 4400 11 School Rooms 5860 14 Baths, etc 4340 10 Clothes Rooms 2822 7 Hospital 3132 8 Total 42594 103 For Officers Sitting Rooms 1364 5 Dining Rooms 1944 5 Bed Rooms 3600 9 Baths, etc 140 Total 7048 17 For General Purposes Offices 840 2 Reception Rooms 480 1 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3760 9 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 3472 9 Sewing Rooms 1460 4 Kitchens 1750 4 Laundry 4100 10 Store Rooms 5481 13 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 9500 23 Porches 1500 4 Total 32343 79 Grand Total 81985 199 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $235,000 Value of Plant Per Bed $570 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1909 . . . $25,659 Current Expenses Per Child $75 (Based on 342 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 50 Average Floor Space for each Officer 141 120 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 46.— Children's Home. Location: Cincinnati, O. Capacity: 85 children (a). (a) Also Maintain Day Nursery providing for about 60 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 13 12 15 Dining Rooms 1386 16 Dormitories 3977 47 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 3124 37 School Rooms 957 1 1 Baths, etc.. 994 12 Clothes Rooms 1789 21 Hospital 2347 28 Total For Officers Sitting Rooms Dining Rooms Bed Rooms Baths, etc.. Total 4415 For General Purposes Offices 696 Reception Rooms 464 Library S46 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 2990 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms Kitchens Laundry Store Rooms Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) Porches 15886 187 586 7 658 8 2989 35 182 2 Total 52 5 6 35 Grand Total 38979 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) Value of Plant Per Bed ... (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Dec. 31, 1908 Current Expenses Per Child (Based on 123 (b) children, average for year) (b) About 60 are day children, averaging two meals daily and some clothing. Number of beds for officers ........ 17 Average Floor Space for each Officer 260 121 650 8 1939 23 2802 33 7184 85 1407 •7 18678 220 38979 459 1142,000 11,671 $19,607 $•59 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 47. — St. Joseph Orphanage Location: Cincinnati, O. Capacity: 450 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 1150 3 Dining Rooms 8892 20 Dormitories 16645 37 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 269S 6 School Rooms 5930 13 Baths, etc 5029 11 Clothes Rooms 2794 6 Hospital 3140 7 Total 46278 103 For Officers Sitting Rooms 396 i Dining Rooms 2298 5 Bed Rooms 5017 11 Baths, etc 280 1 Total 7991 18 For General Purposes Offices 738 2 Reception Rooms . . . 1512 3 Library 702 2 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 7159 16 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 16752 37 Sewing Rooms 2777 6 Kitchens 5390 12 Laundry 2659 6 Store Rooms 2030 4 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 12471 27 Porches 360 1 Total 52550 116 Grand Total 106819 237 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $'87,375 Value of Plant Per Bed $416 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Dec. 31, 1908 . . . $24,333 Current Expenses Per Child I84 (Based on 288 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers * 40 Average Floor Space for each Officer 200 122 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 48. — Jewish Orphan Asylum Location: Cleveland, Ohio. Capacity: 510 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 11 10 2 Dining Rooms 5000 10 Dormitories 23040 45 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) ''376 22 School Rooms 7680 15 Baths, etc 1094 2 Clothes Rooms 1260 3 Hospital 7844 16 Total 58404 115 For Officers Sitting Rooms 930 2 Dining Rooms 540 i Bed Rooms 3504 7 Baths, etc Total 4974 10 For General Purposes Offices lOQo 2 Reception Rooms 500 i Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 4320 8 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 4288 8 Sewing Rooms 840 2 Kitchens 924 2 Laundry 1464 3 Store Rooms 6185 12 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 6235 12 Porches 400 i Total * 26246 51 Grand Total 89624 176 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... I40 1.782 Value of Plant Per Bed $788 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending June 30, 1909 . . . ^93,199 Current Expenses Per Child $191 (Based on 487 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 30 Average Floor Space for each Officer 166 123 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 49. — Cleveland Protestant Orphan Asylum Location: Cleveland, Ohio. Capacity: 94 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 4596 46 Dining Rooms q8o 10 Dormitories 2792 30 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 900 9 School Rooms 713 8 Baths, etc i486 16 Clothes Rooms 480 5 Hospital 4420 47 Total . 16367 174 For Officers Sitting Rooms 288 3 Dining Rooms 600 6 Bed Rooms 2880 31 Baths, etc 382 4 Total 4150 44 For General Purposes Offices 204 2 Reception Rooms 604 6 Library 264 3 ChajDel and Assembly Rooms 446 5 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 330 4 Sewing Rooms 400 4 Kitchens . 608 7 Laundry 2200 24 Store Rooms 2560 27 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . 2624 28 Porches 792 8 Total . . 11032 118 Grand Total . . . ... 31549 336 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... 1135,000 Value of Plant Per Bed $1,436 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Oct. 31, I Q08 . . . . 124,843 Current Expenses Per Child ........ I327 (Based on 76 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers . 11 Average Floor Space for each Officer ...... 377 124 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 50. — St. Joseph's Orphan Asylum. Location: Erie, Pa. Capacity: 220 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 1600 7 Dining Rooms . 1950 9 Dormitories 6200 28 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 1716 8 School Rooms 2586 12 Baths, etc 794 3 Clothes Rooms 680 3 Hospital . 2826 13 Total 18352 83 For Officers Sitting Rooms .595 3 Dining Rooms 591 3 Bed Rooms . 2100 10 Baths, etc.. .......... 110 Total 3396 16 For General Purposes Offices Reception Rooms 640 3 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3750 17 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms 210 i Kitchens 1260 6 Laundry iioo 5 Store Rooms 1608 7 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 8680 39 Porches 320 2 Total 17568 80 Grand Total 393i6 179 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $82,640 Value of Plant Per Bed $376 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending May 31, 1909 . . . $18,494 Current Expenses Per Child |68 (Based on 273 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 30 Average Floor Space for each Officer 113 125 CONGREGATE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 51. — St. Rose's Orphan Asylum. Lx>cation: Milwaukee, >V is. Capacity: 130 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms Dining Rooms 1400 11 Dormitories 5620 43 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 1645 '3 School Rooms 3120 24 Baths, etc 728 5 Clothes Rooms 788 6 Hospital 608 5 Total 13909 107 For Officers Sitting Rooms 552 4 Dining Rooms 576 5 Bed Rooms 940 7 Baths, etc 240 2 Total 2308 18 For General Purposes Offices 425 3 Reception Rooms 425 3 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 7670 59 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 1700 13 Sewing Rooms 1130 9 Kitchens 1056 8 Laundry 984 8 Store Rooms 256 2 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 3840 30 Porches 60 Total 17546 135 Grand Total 33763 260 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $61,725 Value of Plant Per Bed I474 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. I, 1909. . . . $7736 Current Expenses Per Child $70 (Based on 1 1 1 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 10 Average Floor Space for each Officer 231 126 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 52. — Illinois Manual Training School Farm Location: Glenwood, III. Capacity: 352 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 5944 17 Dining Rooms 6330 18 Dormitories '3796 39 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 24182 69 School Rooms 6900 20 Baths, etc 3609 10 Clothes Rooms 3406 9 Hospital 2036 6 Total 66203 188 For Officers Sitting Rooms 1792 5 Dining Rooms 1296 4 Bed Rooms 6258 18 Baths, etc 1076 3 Total 10422 30 For General Purposes Offices 1 166 3 Reception Rooms 590 2 Library 540 2 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 2436 7 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) '4370 4' Sewing Rooms 2150 6 Kitchens 1070 3 Laundry Store Rooms 5058 14 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 15097 42 Porches 980 3 Total 43457 123 Grand Total 120082 341 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $387,396 Value of Plant Per Bed |i,ioi (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending April 30, 1909 . . . 160,155 Current Expenses Per Child II182 (Based on 330 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 52 Average Floor Space for each Officer 200 127 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 53. — Illinois Soldiers' Orphans' Home Location: Normal. III. Capacity: 280 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 2100 8 Dining Rooms 3500 13 Dormitories '5 '34 54 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 5850 21 School Rooms 7580 37 Baths, etc 3980 14 Clothes Rooms 8984 32 Hospital 4892 17 Total 52020 186 For Officers Sitting Rooms 2050 7 Dining Rooms 1468 5 Bed Rooms 7954 29 Baths, etc 546 2 Total 12018 43 For General Purposes Offices 978 3 Reception Rooms 1618 6 Library 968 3 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3200 12 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 6886 25 Sewing Rooms 1200 4 Kitchens 1850 7 Laundry 1200 4 Store Rooms 3188 n Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) .11154 40 Porches 610 2 Total 32852 117 Grand Total 96890 346 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... 1285,000 Value of Plant Per Bed , . . . |i,oi8 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending June 30, 1909 . . . $65,242 Current Expenses Per Child ........ $242 (Based on 269 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 50 Average Floor Space for each Officer 240 128 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 54. — Rose Orphan Home Location: Terre Haute, Ind. Capacity: 93 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 4019 43 Dining Rooms 984 1 1 Dormitories 3647 39 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 6536 70 School Rooms 1357 15 Baths, etc 1025 11 Clothes Rooms 1024 11 Hospital Total 18592 200 For Officers Sitting Rooms jdrj 8 Dining Rooms 716 8 Bed Rooms $580 60 Baths, etc 666 7 Total 7729 83 For General Purposes Offices 296 3 Reception Rooms 920 10 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 1 1 18 12 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) Sewing Rooms 437 4 Kitchens 646 7 Laundry 1734 J9 Store Rooms 3077 33 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 4227 46 Porches 650 7 Total 13105 141 Grand Total 39426 424 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... fi59.590 Value of Plant Per Bed $1,716 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1908 . . . $21,200 Current Expenses Per Child $221 (Based on 96 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 15 Average Floor Space for each Officer 515 10* 129 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 55. — Good Will Farm Location: Hinckley, Maine. Capacity: 191 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 3078 16 Dining Rooms 3803 20 Dormitories 10927 57 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 2044 " School Rooms 7873 41 Baths, etc 2632 14 Clothes Rooms 802 4 Hospital Total 31159 163 For Officers Sitting Rooms . 1628 Q Dining Rooms Bed Rooms 5189 27 Baths, etc 260 1 Total 7077 37 For General Purposes Offices . 1888 10 Reception Rooms 2410 13 Library ' 540 3 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 6246 33 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 4947 26 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 4044 21 Laundry 392 2 Store Rooms 9159 48 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . loooi 52 Porches 4862 25 Total 44489 233 Grand Total 82725 433 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... |i66,ooo Value of Plant Per Bed $869 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending May 20, 1909 . . . 130,982 Current Expenses Per Child $178 (Based on 174 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers ......... 33 Average Floor Space for each Offi.cer ....... 214 130 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 56. — Michigan State School for Dependent and Ill-Treated Children Location: Coldwater, Mich. Capacity: 200 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 3510 17 Dining Rooms 3648 18 Dormitories 8420 42 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 1206 6 School Rooms 4757 24 Baths, etc. 1993 10 Clothes Rooms 1554 8 Hospital 3341 17 Total 28429 142 For Officers Sitting Rooms 846 4 Dining Rooms 1580 8 Bed Rooms 9776 49 Baths, etc 1140 6 Total 13342 67 For General Purposes Offices 1422 7 Reception Rooms 774 4 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3080 16 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 2160 II Sewing Rooms 400 2 Kitchens 2662 13 Laundry 2082 10 Store Rooms 4160 21 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 6388 32 Porches 3467 17 Total 26595 133 Grand Total 68366 342 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $275,000 Value of Plant Per Bed $',375 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending June 30, 1908 . . . ?37,78i Current Expenses Per Child $225 (Based on 168 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 50 Average Floor Space for each Officer 267 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 57. — Minnesota State Public School Location: Owatonna, Minn. Capacity: 210 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 4218 20 Dining Rooms 2240 1 1 Dormitories 9570 46 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 4724 22 School Rooms 2880 13 Baths, etc 2024 10 Clothes Rooms 1508 7 Hospital 4326 21 Total 31490 150 For Officers Sitting Rooms 1672 8 Dining Rooms 1662 8 Bed Rooms 8465 40 Baths, etc 946 4 Total 12745 60 For General Purposes Offices 1294 6 Reception Rooms 600 3 Library 1148 5 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 2820 13 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 1440 7 Sewing Rooms 140 i Kitchens 2629 13 Laundry 1868 Q Store Rooms 5570 27 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 6139 29 Porches 1635 ^ Total 25283 121 Grand Total 69518 331 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $270,800 Value of Plant Per Bed $1,290 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending July 31, 1908 . . . $43,828 Current Expenses Per Child $218 (Based on 201 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers . 45 Average Floor Space for each Officer 283 132 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 58. — Albany Orphan Asylum Location: Albany, N. Y. Capacity: 130 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 2376 18 Dining Rooms 2060 16 Dormitories 4120 32 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 3776 29 School Rooms 3658 28 Baths, etc 3277 25 Clothes Rooms 2486 19 Hospital 1852 14 Total 23605 181 For Officers Sitting Rooms 1504 12 Dining Rooms 460 4 Bed Rooms 3158 24 Baths, etc 306 2 Total 5428 42 For General Purposes Offices 625 5 Reception Rooms 316 2 Library 692 5 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 2288 18 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) ^^ 1647 '3 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 1298 10 Laundry 11 26 9 Store Rooms 5459 42 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 8128 62 Porches 2086 16 Total 23665 182 Grand Total 52698 405 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $166,300 Value of Plant Per Bed $1,279 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1909 . . . $24,854 Current Expenses Per Child $191 (Based on 130 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 16 Average Floor Space for each Officer 339 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 59. — Hebrew Sheltering Guardian Society Orphan Asylum Location: To be built at Pleasantville, N. Y. Capacity: 5 10 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) (a) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms i0545 21 Dining Rooms 10545 21 Dormitories 21090 ' 41 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 2982 9 School Rooms 8612 17 Baths, etc 6349 12 Clothes Rooms 2824 6 Hospital 1560 3 Total 64507 127 For Officers Sitting Rooms 530 i Dining Rooms 390 i Bed Rooms 12271 24 Baths, etc 1779 3 Total 14970 29 For General Purposes 3 Offices 1523 Reception Rooms Library 500 1 Chapel and Assembly Rooms 3029 6 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 6806 13 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 3675 7 Laundry 2705 5 Store Rooms . .11 224 22 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 12546 25 Porches 6102 12 Total 48110 94 Grand Total 127587 250 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... (a) $670,493 Value of Plant Per Bed (a) 11,315 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Sept. 30, 1909 ... (b) $119,090 Current Expenses Per Child (b) $161 (Based on 740 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 91 Average Floor Space for each Officer 165 (a) Figures taken from estimates on proposed buildings. (b) Figures refer to present institution, Broadway and 150th St., New York. COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 60. — Rochester Orphan Asylum Location: Rochester, N. Y. Capacity: 1 1 1 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 3066 28 Dining Rooms Dormitories 5065 46 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 4272 38 School Rooms 1950 18 Baths, etc 1609 14 Clothes Rooms loii q Hospital 1375 12 Total 18348 165 For Officers Sitting Rooms 524 5 Dining Rooms 655 6 Bed Rooms 2954 26 Baths, etc 579 5 Total 4712 42 For General Purposes Offices 124 I Reception Rooms 212 2 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 1427 13 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 798 7 Sewing Rooms 675 6 Kitchens 1490 13 Laundry 4387 40 Store Rooms 3525 32 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 4679 42 Porches 1625 15 Total 18942 171 Grand Total 42002 378 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... $131,591 Value of Plant Per Bed |i,i86 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending Oct. i, 1909 . . . $17,348 Current Expenses Per Child $159 (Based on 109 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 15 Average Floor Space for each Officer 314 COTTAGE INSTITUTIONS — DEPENDENT Table 61. — State Public School Location: Sparta, Wis. Capacity: 200 children. Floor Space (Square Feet) For Children Total Per Bed Day Rooms 1830 9 Dining Rooms 1740 9 Dormitories 9480 47 Play Rooms (Including Gymnasium) 4750 24 School Rooms 3782 19 Baths, etc 1310 6 Clothes Rooms 2990 15 Hospital 2568 13 Total . 28450 142 For Officers Sitting Rooms 600 3 Dining Rooms 1 172 6 Bed Rooms 6608 33 Baths, etc 496 2 Total 8876 44 For General Purposes Offices 560 3 Reception Rooms . . 1048 5 Library Chapel and Assembly Rooms 1440 7 Industrial Rooms (Including Manual Training and Do- mestic Science) 736 4 Sewing Rooms Kitchens 2578 13 Laundry 600 3 Store Rooms 3010 15 Halls (Including Cloak Rooms in School House) . . 4340 22 Porches 1588 8 Total 15900 80 Grand Total 53226 266 Estimated Value of Plant (Including Land) .... 1176,859 Value of Plant Per Bed $884 (Based on Number of Beds for Children) Current Expenses for year ending June 30, 1909 . . . 146,319 Current Expenses Per Child I272 (Based on 170 children, average for year) Number of beds for officers 20 Average Floor Space for each Officer 44 136 '. V- RETURN TO the circulation desl< of any University of California Library \/ * or to the NORTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY BIdg. 400, Richmond Field Station University of California Richmond, CA 94804-4698 ALL BOOKS MAY BE RECALLED AFTER 7 DAYS lIMa 2-month loans may be renewed by calling (415) 642-6753 1-year loans may be recharged by bringing books to NRLF Renewals and recharges may be made 4 days prior to due date 5 19^ DUE AS STAMPED BELOW '^^ JUN 13 1992 NOV I RETURNED 25Aug JUN 19 1991 APR 13 1995 5 FFB 3 1097 LD 21-1( YC 0681 GENERAL LIBRARY - U.C. BERKELEY I BD00^St07fl 272621 UNIVERSITY OF CAWFORNIA lylBRARY ' -r I ■ ■■ - ■ , ■ ■ ■ ■ « , . I. , " ^ ' W