THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES U^C^^yty^^^ ^ES -1616, WHICH MERICA BY V ENGLAND ' OCCUPIED miOUGH printcb TRACTS, , AND "ES 15-1616, WHICH A3IERICA BY ;EN ENGLAND OW OCCUPIED H THROUGH fir^t printcti rEOUS TRACTS, NOTES, AND OBICAL ASSOCIATION LANS »ANY // / THE GENESIS OF THE UNITED STATES A NARRATIVE OF THE MOVEMENT IN ENGLAND, 1605-1616, WHICH RESULTED IN THE PLANTATION OF NORTH AMERICA BY ENGLISHMEN, DISCLOSING THE CONTEST BET\yEEN ENGLAND AND SPAIN FOR THE POSSESSION OF THE SOIL NOW OCCUPIED BY THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA; SET FORTH THROUGH 311 M^cvk^ of ]^iiSftorical a^aim.scriptjai note firjsft ptintcb TOGETHER WITH A REISSUE OF RARE C0NTEMP0RANT:0US TRACTS, ACCOMPANIED BY BIBLIOGRAPHICAL MEMORANDA, NOTES, AND ^ 23ricf 25iograpf)ic^ COLLECTED, ARRANGED, AND EDITED BY ALEXANDER BROWN Member op the Viegima Historical Societt and op the American Histoeical Association Fellow op the Royal Historical Society of England WITH 100 PORTRAITS, MAPS, AND PLANS IN TWO VOLUMES VOL. IL BOSTON AND NEW YORK HOUGHTON, MIFFLIN AND COMPANY MDCCCXCI Copyright, 1890, Br ALEXANDER BROWN. All rights reserved. The Riverside, Press, Cnmhrirlt;e, l^lnss., U. S. A. EJectrotj-pcd and I'rinted by U. 0. lioughton & Company. PERIOD III. (concluded.) FROM THE RETURN OF THE FLEET IN NOVEMBER, 1609, TO THE RETURN OF ARGALL IN JULY, 1614. . CLXXXV. PHILIP III. TO VELASCO. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, PARCEL 2641. Copy of two extracts from a letter of the King of Spain to Don Alonso de Velasco, dated El Pardo, November 15, 1611. " For Don Alonso de Velasco. " A earavela having sailed under orders from the Gov- ernor of the Havana in search of a ship, which left the Port of Cartagena of the Indies with some artillery, which there was taken out of a galleon, which stranded on the coast of Buenos Ayres — and having passed along the coast of ^ la Florida ' on this errand — and three men, in good faith, going on shore from the same earavela, called Diego de Molino, Marco Antonio Perez and Master Antonio, some Enghshmen took them prisoners, who say that under orders from the King of Great Britain they have made a settlement on a part of that coast, which they call Virginia. Of which I have desired to have you informed and instructed, as I do herewith ; that you will inform the said king of my just resentment at this imprisonment of these men, and that it will be best to give orders by the shortest way that from there may be accessible, so that they be set at liberty, Avith- out any further injury being done them, in order that they may return and carry out the commission entrusted to them by the Governor of the Havana. You will report to me at once what steps you have taken and what may result from them." 279509 526 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. CLXXXVI. PHILIP III. TO VELASCO. The second extract, in cipher, deciphered. " For Don Alonso de Velasco : — In another letter which is sent with this you are ordered to take steps with that king as to the hberty of three prisoners, whom Englishmen in Virginia have captured;, and here in cipher, and for your- self alone, I have wished to inform you that those aforesaid prisoners are the Alcayde Don Diego do Molino, Ensign Marco Antonio Perez and Francisco Lembri, an English pilot, who by my orders went to reconnoitre those ports ; but you must not give their names otherwise than you were told in said letter, as long as you do not obtain their lib- erty, which you will exert yourself to the utmost to secure, employing all your skill and dexterity to prevent that king from finding out the purpose for which those three men went there, and you will promptly report to me what may be doing [going on]." CLXXXVII. MORE TO WINWOOD. WIN WOOD MEMORIALS, III. PAGE 309. November — , 1611. [Probably about the 20th, as it was " received on the 29th of November, 1611."] Extract from a letter of John Moore in London to Sir Ralph Winwood at The Haghe. . . . " There are some fears among the weaker sort, of some foreign attempts on Virginia and Ireland, but the State doth not apprehend it, as appears by Lord Carew's cashiering one half of all the Irish forces. Neither is there care taken to supply Sir Thomas Dale with the 2000 men whom he demandeth. Neither is it likely indeed that the King of Spain will break so profitable a peace for that which may cost him dear the getting, and much dearer the keeping." This has been printed before in this country in " Collec- tions Mass. Hist. Soc." ix. fourth series, 1871, p. 6, note. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. 527 CLXXXVIII. VELASCO TO PHILIP III. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2588, FOLIO 94. Copy of an original letter of Don Alonso de Velasco to the King of Spain, dated London, December 14, 1611. Sire. " On the 15'^ [5th] of last month I reported to Y. M. what I had heard by a vessel which came a few da3's before from Virginia, touching the Caravela that went there and the three Spanish sailors that were left there on shore, as hostage for the pilot, whom they gave them so that he might guide them to the mouth of the river (a duplicate of lohich accompanies tJiis letter). Having received your let- ter of November 15'^, I expressed on the 7*^ of this month [i. e., November 28, English], to the Council here the re- sentment which Y. M. ordered me to convey for the reten- tion of these sailors, and Count SaHsbury replied to me, that they would at once order them to be brought here and handed over to me, we returning likewise their pilot to them. Y. M. will be pleased to command what I am to reply to this and in the meantime I will solicit the brinofins" over of these men, lest they should perish in Virginia with the necessities and the hard work to which those who are there are sub- jected. " May our Lord preserve the Catholic Person of Y. M. as all Christendon requires. London, Dec"" 14. 1611. " Don Alonso de Velasco." CLXXXIX. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. BIRCH'S COURT AND TIMES OF JAMES L VOLUME L PAGES 150, 152. Chamberlain to Carleton, November 27, 1611. " The Spanish ambassador went to the king the last week at Newmarket, without acquainting any of the Coun- cil, which is thought somewhat a strange course." 528 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. December 4, 1611. " The Earl of Southampton's jour- ney into Spain is laid aside, and the ceremony of condoling [on the death of the Queen of Spain] shall be left to the ambassador resident there," etc. " The Spanish ambassador was sent for lately before the Council, where it was roundly told him what criminal wrongs and injustice our nation was still offered in Spain, with this conclusion, that if there was not present redress, the king was fully minded to recall his ambassador," etc. CXC. LAWS FOR VIRGINIA. " December IS*** 1611 entered, at Stationers Hall, for publication, under the handes of Sir Edward Cecill, knight. Articles, Lawes and Orders, dyvyne pohtique and martiall for the Colonye of Virginia ; first established by Sir Thomas Gates, Knight and Leiftenant Generall the 2Jf^ of May 1610 ; exemplified and approved by the Right Honor- able Lord Governor and Captayne General, the 12^^' of June 1610; agayne exemplified and enlarged by Sir Thomas Dale, knight and Deputy Governor the 22"^^ of June 1611^ These laws were published with the following title- page : — " For / The Colony in Virginea / Britannia. / Lcaoes DivinCf Morall and I Martiall, &c. Alget qui non Ardet. Res nostrce suhinde non sunt, quales quis ojJtaret, sed quales esse j^ossunt. Printed at London for Walter Burre. 1612." The printed book was probably sent to Virginia by the John and Francis, which sailed February 27, 1612, or by the Treasurer, July 23, 1612. These laws were reprinted by Peter Force (vol. iii.), Washington, D. C, 1844. The laws in this reprint, pp. 9-28 (CII.), were sent from England by Gates in June, 1609, and those, pp. 28-62 (CLIX.), were sent by Dale in March, 1611 ; those on pp. 9-28 were first established by LAWS FOR VIRGINIA. 529 Sii' Thomas Gates May 24, 1610, and the rest added by Dale June 22, 1611. The whole body is said to have been sent back to England by William Strachey, who arrived late in October or early in November. They were probably revised by General Cecil before he entered them for publi- cation on December 13, 1611. Gates, Dale, and Cecil had all served long in the Low Countries, and these laws were " cheifely extracted out of the Lawes for governing the armye in the Low Contreyes." They seem terrible to us now ; but really they were not much, if any, more severe than the Draconic code, which then obtained in England, in which nearly three hundred crimes, varying from mur- der to keeping company with a gypsy, were punishable with death. The author of " The New Life of Virginea " [CCX.] says : " Their first and chiefest care was shewed in settling Lawes divine and morall, for the honour and service of God, for daily frequenting the church, the house of prayer, at the tolling of the bell, for preaching, catechizing, and the religious observation of the Sabbath day, for due reverence to the Ministers of the Word and to all superiours, for peace and love among themselves, and enforcing the idle to paines and honest labours, against blasphemie, contempt and dis- honour of God, against breach of the Sabbath by gaming : and otherwise against adulterie, sacriledge and felonie ; and in a word, against all wrongfull dealing amongst them- selves, or injurious violence against the Indians. Good are these beginnings, wherein God is thus before, good are these lawes, and long may they stand in their due execu- tion.^^ Other authorities of the period approved of these laws, and assert that they were justified by the circumstances, etc., but in the bitter dissensions in the company in 1622- 1624, Sir Thomas Smith was much abused for having intro- duced these severe laws, and, in defending himself before the Grievance Committee in Parliament, he asserted that " Lord De la Warre, Sir Thomas Dale, Sir Thomas Gates, 530 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. and Captain Argall all saw the necessity of such laws, in some cases ad terror em, and in some to be truly executed." On the 7th of May, 1623, the Sandys party drew up many specific charges against Sir Thomas Smythe ; among them : " That there were few orders and lawes made in Sir T. S. tyme for government of the Company and Colony," to which he replied : " There were Icaoes for the Company here, And none for the Colony since, hut were made then;" and, " That Sir T. S. sufPered a Book of lawes for Govern- ment of the Colony cheifely extracted out of the Lawes for governing the armye in the Low Country es," to Avhich he repHed : " This was answered before the Lords arid allowed^ They also asserted, "That these lawes were printed at home, and with great Honour dedicated to Sir Thomas Smith," etc. Smith does not notice this charge, and Force's tract (reprint) was not dedicated to him. I have never seen an oris'inal. I have never even seen one advertised for sale ; but there is one in the John Carter-Brown Li- brary. I have no idea what an original would be worth. William Strachey, who seems to have been the editor, gives a poetical dedication " To The Right Honorable, the Lords of the Councell of Virginia," and a preface in prose, " To the constant, mighty, and worthie friends, the Com- mitties, Assistants unto his Maiesties Councell for the Colonic in Virginea-Britannia." This severe body of " Lawes " ends very appropriately with a very long " Praier " of nearly 3,000 words, which was to be " duly said Morning and Evening upon the Court of Guard, either by the Captaine of the watch himselfe, or by some one of his principall officers." CXCI. DIGBY TO SALISBURY. December 13, 1611. Madrid. Digby to Salisbury. " The Advertisement I gave your Lordship concerning the Englishman that was brought from Virginia to the ROBERT HEATH Chit't Just ire VELASCO TO PHILIP III. 531 Havana is true, and I have spoken with another English- man that sawe him and spake with him there. And the man is himself kept prisoner in one of the Gallions at Lisbone. I humblie beseech yonr Lordship, that I may receave directions in what manner I shall behave myself herein : for that I beleeve this accident of demaundinjre his hbertie, will sett the mayne question on foote." ^ CXCIL VELASCO TO PHILIP III. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME S5SS, FOLIO 99. Copy of an original letter of Don Alonso de Velasco to the King of Spain, dated London, December 24, 1611. "Sire — " Having represented to the Council here the just resent- ment which Y. M. felt on account of the 3 seamen, whom Englishmen had detained in Virginia, the Earl of Salisbury replied that orders would be issued to bring them quickly here and to hand them over to me, if we would return to them the pilot who guided the ship that left them on shore, as I reported to Y. M. on the 15'^ inst. Now the king has sent me word through the said Count that with the first ship that should sail for Virginia, he would send orders to the Governor to put them on Spanish soil and leave them entirely free — if in like manner I should use my good offices with Y. M. that you should be pleased to order the liberation of the subjects of this crown, who may be de- tained on the galleys and in prisons as pirates or for other crimes. That with such an understanding, the King would write to Y. M., moved by the prayers and petitions, which daily reach him from their wives and kinsmen. In case he should write this special letter, Y. M. will be pleased to give orders to inquire into the expediency of granting him this favor, since there may other opportunities present tliem- ^ I. e., the question of the right of England to form settlement in territory claimed by Spain. 532 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. selves here, to return such courtesy and to resort to such pleasant interchange of kindness. " Our Lord preserve Y. M. in His CathoHc Person as the Church needs it. " London. December 24. 1611. " Don Alonso de Velasco." [Mem. — I do not know when Harley and Hobson returned from their voyage to New England, but they " brought away the Salvadges from the river of Canada," which were "showed in London for a wonder" in the spring of 1612.] CXCIII. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. Chamberlain to Carleton, London, December 18, 1611. ..." Newport the Admirall of Virginia is newly come home, and brings word of the arrival there of Sir Thomas Gates and his Companie ; but his Lady died by the way in some part of the West Indies, he hath sent his daughters back againe, which I doubt is a peece of a prognostication that himself meanes not to tarry long after. " The Lord Treasurer [Cecil] is well recovered. All business betwixt the king and him in his absence pass by the Earl of Pembroke, who is communis terminus between them." [Mem. — "In last December, Captaine Newport in the Starre and since that [prior to May, 1612] five other shippes are arived heere from the Colonic," etc., CCX.] CXCIV. DALE TO THE COUNCIL. Strachey (CCXVII.) gives the following extract from one of Dale's letters. When this letter was written or received in England I do not know. " It would easihe raise a well-stayed Judgement into BIARD TO THE PROVINCIAL. 533 wonder (as Sir Thomas Dale liath writt sometimes uiito his Majesty's Counsell here for Virginia) to behold the goodly vines burthening every neighbour bush, and clymbing the toppes of highest trees, and those full of clusters of the grapes in their kind, however dreeped and shadowed soever from the sun, and though never pruned or manured " \_i. e., cultivated]. CXCV. PHILIP III. TO VELASCO. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2571, FOLIO 302. Copy of an extract from a rough draft of a letter of His Majesty to Don Alonso de Velasco, dated Madrid, Jan- uary 6, 1612. " I shall order the. Virginia Pilot, who is in the Havannah to be brought here, so that he may be surrendered when they hand over to us the three Spanish sailors, who were kept in Virginia." . . . CXCVL BIARD TO THE PROVINCIAL. January 21. Letter wi'itten by Father Pierre Biard to the Right Rev. Provincial at Paris. (Copied from the auto- graph preserved in the Archives of Jesus at Rome.) Port Royal, January 31, 1612. ..." I have made two voyages with M. de Biancourt, one lasting nearly twelve days, the other of a month and a half, and we have examined the whole coast from Port Royal as far as Kinibequi, West-South-West. We have sailed up the large rivers St. John, the Holy Cross (Saincte Croix), Pentegoet and the above mentioned Kinibequi. [Kennebec or Sagadahock.] We have visited the French, who have wintered here this year, in two divisions, on the River St. Jean and that of Sainte Croix ; the Malouins in the river St. Jean, and Captain Plastrier at Sainte Croix. . . . " Two main causes induced M. de Biancourt to do this ; the first to obtain news about the English and to know if it 534 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. would be possible to get the better of them ; the second to exchange ' Armonchiquoys ' wheat so as to preserve us during the winter, and keep us from dying of hunger, in case we should receive no aid from France. In order to under- stand the first motive, it ought to be known that shortly before, Captain Platrier of Honfleur, before mentioned, wishing to go to Kinibequi, was taken prisoner by two English vessels, that were near an island, called Emmetenic, 8 leagues from aforesad Kennebec. He was released by means of some presents, (this was the way they mildly called it), and the promise he gave to comply with the prohibi- tions imposed upon him, not to trade along that whole coast. For the English claim to be masters here, and in support of this they exhibit Patents of their King, which we, however, believe to be false. Now M. de Biancourt, hav- ing heard all this from the lips of Captain Patrier himself, represented very earnestly to these people, how important it was to him, an officer of the Crown and a lieutenant of his father, how important also to every good Frenchman, to go and prevent this usurpation of the English, which was so very contrary to the rights and possessions of his Majesty. " For, said he, it is well known to all men (not to speak of higher views of the matter) that the great Henry, whom God may save in His mercy, according to rights acquired by him and his predecessors, bestowed upon M. des Monts, in the year 1604, all this country from the 40''' degree of latitude to the 46*^^. Since this grant the aforesaid Seign- eur des Monts, in his own person and through M. de Potrincourt, my most honored Father, his lieutenant, and thro' others, has often taken real possession of the whole country and this three and four years before ever the Eng- lish had set forth, or any one had ever heard anything of this claim of theirs. These and several other things the aforesaid Sieur de Biancourt found out and made known, thus encouraging his people. " I, for my part, had two other motives which urged me to this same voyage : one, to accompany, as a spiritual BIARD TO THE PROVINCIAL. 535 assistant the aforesaid Sieur de Biancourt, and his people, the other, to find out and to see myself the disposition of these nations to accept the Holy Gospel. These, then, were the motives of our voyage. " We arrived at Kennebec, 80 leagues from Port Royal, on the 28*'' October, the day of St. Simon and St. Jude, of the same year 1611. Immediately, our men went on shore, desirous to see the fort of the English ; [see LVIII.] for we had heard, on the way, that there was no one there. Now, as at first everything looks fine, they went to work praising and boasting of this enterprise of the English and to enumerate the advantages of the place ; everybody praised in it what he valued most. But a few days later they changed their views ; for there was seen a fair chance of raising a counter-fort, Avliich would have imprisoned them and cut them off from the river and the sea ; item, that even if they had been left there, they would neverthe- less not have enjoyed the commodities of the river, since it had several other and finer estuaries, at some distance from there. . . . " But, since I here have made mention of the English, some one may perchance wish to hear of their adventures, which we were told here. It is, therefore, thus, that in the year 1608 the Enghsh, began to settle down at one of the mouths of this river Kennebec ; as has been said before. They had then as their head a very honest man, who got along remarkably well with the natives of the country. They say, however, that the Armonche-quois were afraid of such neighbors, and on that account murdered this Captain, of Avhom I have spoken. These people are accustomed to this business, to kill people by Magic. Now, in the second year, 1609, the English, under another Captain, changed their policy. They repelled the natives most dishonorably, they beat them, and committed excesses of every kind, with- out much restraint ; hence, these poor, ill treated people, impatient with the present, and fearing more from the future, resolved, as the saying is, to kill the whelp before 536 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. he should have more powerful claws and teeth. The op- portunity offered one day, when three sloops had gone to a distant place, in order to fish. My conspirators followed them upon their track, and drawing near with many signs of friendship (for thus they always are most friendly when they are nearest to treachery) they entered and, at a given signal, each chose his man and killed him with his big knife. Thus perished eleven EngHshmen. The others, intimidated, abandoned their enterprise that same year, and have not continued it since, being content to come in the summer to fish near this island of Emetenic, which, as we mentioned before, was 8 leagues fi-om the fort they had begun. " On this account, therefore, the outrage committed in the person of Captain Platrier by said Englishmen, having been perpetrated on this island of Emetenic, M. de Bian- court considered the expediency of going to reconnoitre it and to leave there some token of having re-claimed it. This he did by erecting in the harbour a very fine Cross, with the arms of France. Some of his people suggested to him to burn the sloops which he found there, but as he is gen- tle and humane, he would not do it, considering that they were not men-of-war but fishing vessels. "^ From there since the season pressed us, for it was al- ready November 6*^ we made sail to return to Port-Royal. Stopping at Pentegoet, as we had promised the Sav- ages. . . . " From Port-Royal the last of January 1612. "Pierre Biard." CXCVII. DIGBY TO SALISBURY. February 2, 1612. Madrid. Sir John Digby to Sahs- bury. ..." Departure of 800 men out of Portugal and the transporting of 3200 more so that the whole number of men to be sent is 4000. All which though I conceive are to be carried into Flanders, yet I am advertized from one PHILIP III. TO VELASCO. 537 that I appointed to be amongst them, that divers of the Masters of the Ships are discontented, and that they suspect they shall be forced to a far longer journey. The which if it be so, I can only suspect some enterprize of thehs ao-ainst Virginia, the which I do not think Hkely, but in regard that divers write unto me, though uncertainly, that there is something now in hand against it, I omit not to advertise it unto your Lordship." ♦ CXCVIII. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. Chamberlain to Carleton, London, February 12, 1612. ..." We heard yesterday of nine ships, wdth 1500 Spaniards, come into the Downs, and going into the Low Countries to reinforce their garrisons. The Spanish am- bassador's sister and daughter-in-law, whom you met upon Barham Downs, went away the last week towards Brussels, without taking leave, or bidding the Queen Farewell. . . . There is a lotterie in hand for the furthering of the Vir- ginia Voiage, and an under-companie erecting for the trade of the Bermudes, which have chaunged theyre name twise within this moneth, beeing first christned Virginiola as a member of that plantation, but now lastly resolved to be called Sommer Hand as well in respect of the continuall temporal ayre, as in remembrance of Sir George Somraers that died there." ... CXCIX. PHILIP HI. TO VELASCO. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2571, FOLIO S09. Copy of an extract from a deciphered letter of His Majesty to Don Alonso de Velasco, dated Madrid, February 25, 1612. " What you report on the subject of Virginia has been received; also what you say of the people they send out 538 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. there, the merchandise for which this crowd of men hastens thither (as you state) — and I shall be pleased if you will most carefully try to find out whatever else may appear on that subject, and to report to me the day on which the ships will sail — on board which those aforesaid people will sail — and whatever else they carry and whether in any suitable way some trustworthy person [see CLXIX.] might be put among them. This AW)uld be very important and therefore I order you to arrange it so, since this seems to be the best way to ascertain the nature of that enterprise — this said person coidd then return in the ships which may come back from Vu'ginia to England — also the ex- change of prisoners who are still there is to be carried out as you have been ordered." [Mem. — February 24, 1612, Master Welby entered at Stationers' Hall for pubHcation " under the handes of Sir Thomas Smithe and Mr. Lownes, warden. A booke or thinge called the Publicacon of the Lottery for Virginia." No copy of this publication is now known to be in exist- ence. CXCVIII. mentions that the " lottery was in hand," and the charter (already granted) which passed the seals March 12, 1612, authorizes these lottery pubHcations.] CC. LETTER TO THE GOVERNOR AND COMPANY OF VIRGINIA, FEBRUARY, 1612. " A Letter to the Governor and Company for Virginia affairs to suffer Daniell Tucker who hath ben a personall adventurer ever since the first plantation there to pass by the next Shipp that shall come for England. " Subscr. and procur. by Mr. May." The letter referred to in this minute is now missing ; it was probably sent to Virginia by the John and Francis, which sailed February 27, 1612. FROM THE TRINITY HOUSE RECORDS. 539 CCI. DIGBY TO SALISBURY. March 9, 1612. Madrid. Digby to Salisbury. " My L**. I am not hasty to advertise anything upon bare rumors, which hath made me hitherto to forbeare to write what I had generally heard, of their intents against Virginia, but now I have been from good P.*® advertised that without question they will speedily attempt against our plantation there. And that it is a thing resolved of, that ye King of Spaine must runne any hazard with England rather than permitt ye English to settle there : for upon Late consultation, I assure your Lordship they apprehend it to be of much more danger to their West Indies than I conceave it. especially for ther returne of ye West Indian Fleete, & therupon (as I am informed) have determined, that since ye buisines of itselfe hath not fallen as they expected, they must with speed prevent ye further growing of it. Whatsoever is attempted, I conceive will be from ye Havana, where ye rendevous shall be of all those provisions & shipps, which for that effect goe from ye severall ports of Spaine. In Sevil they prepare shipping, but that is as your Lordship knoweth, under color of ye West Indian Fleete. In Portugal likewise there is order for ye making ready speedily of two Gallions. At ye Passo by St. Sebas- tians in all hast they make ready foure. And there are two shipps built by ye Marchants of foure or five hundred tun a peece which I heare ye King will Hkewise buye. As I shall herein come to ye knowledge of more particulars your Lordship shall receeve advertisement." ecu. EXTRACT FROM THE TRINITY HOUSE RECORDS. "March IV" 1611 [0. S.]. Letter from Sir Thomas Smyth to The Trinity House, asking for payment of the second of the three years' subscription to the Virginia Adventure." Extract. 540 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. "March — ,1611 [0. S.]. A bill of adventure issued to The Trinity House. Agreement that The Trinity House shall have rateably according to their adventure for Vir- ginia their full part of all such lands as shall be recovered, planted and inhabited, and of such mines and minerals of gold and silver, and other metals or treasure, pearls, pre- cious stones or other kind of wares which shall be obtained or gotten in the said voyage." [Mem. — Chamberlain to Carleton, March 11, 1612. , . . "There is a Httle Treatise of the North-West Pas- sage, written by Sir Dudley Digges. . . . Some of his good friends say he had better have given five hundred pounds than published such a pamphlet. But he is wonderfully possessed with the opinion and hopes of that passage." The title of Dio:2:es' tract I believe was " A Discourse concernina- the circumference of the earth, or a North- West passage. 1612."] CCIII. THE THIRD CHARTER.^ " A third charter of King James to the Treasurer and Company for Virginia." Article I. [Recital of former charters.] II. [Former boundaries recited.] " III. Now, forasmuch as we are given to understand, that in those seas, adioininof to the said coast of Preamble __. . . i • i i pi Virgmia, and "v^^thout the compass ot those two hundred miles, by us so granted unto the said Treasurer and Company, as aforesaid, and yet not far distant from the said colony in Virginia, there are, or may be, divers islands, lying desolate and uninhabited, some of which are already made known and discovered, by the industry, travel, and expences of the said company, and others also are supposed to be and remain, as yet, unknown and undiscovered, all ^ This document was drawn np, I first published by the Rev. William suppose, by Sir Edwin Sandys ; it was Stith in 1747. (See Preface, vii.) PHILIP HERBERT First Earl of Monlffnim-rY / THE THIRD CHARTER. 541 and every of which it may import the said colony, both in safety and pohcy of trade, to populate and plant, in regard whereof, as well for the preventing of peril, as for the bet- ter commodity and prosperity of the said colony, they have been humble ^ suitors unto us, that we would be pleased to grant unto them an enlargement of our said former letters patents, as well for a more ample extent of their limitts and territories into the seas, adjoining to and upon the coast of Virginia, as also for some other matters and articles, con- cerning the better government of the said Company and Colony, in which point our said former letters patents do not extend so far, as time and experience hath found to be needful and convenient : — " IV. [Extension of boundaries, so as to include all the islands lying within three hundred leagues of the continent, "and being within or between the one and fortieth and thirtieth degrees of northerly latitude," and "provided always, that the said Islands &c, be not actually possessed or inhabited by any other Christian Prince or estate, nor be within the bounds, limits, or territories of the Northern Colony heretofore by us granted to be planted by divers of our loving subjects, in the north parts of Virginia " etc.] " V. And further, our will and pleasure is, and we do, by these presents, grant and confirm, for the good and weKare of the said plantation, and that adventurers posterity may hereafter know who have adven- tured and not heen sparing of their purses in such a noble and generous action for the general good of their country, and at the request, and with the consent, of the Company aforesaid, that our trusty and well beloved subjects, ^ George [Abbot] Lord Archbishop of Canterbury ^ I have not found this petition. It must have been considerable delay in was presented to the king some time obtaining the additional adventurers, in the year 1611, I suppose. The whose names were to be inserted be- charter had certainly been granted fore it was signed and sealed by the before February 12, 1612, and possi- king. See CLXXIV. bly a considerable time before, as the ^ A complete list of these names outlook was not promising, and there has never been published. Stith only 542 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. Gilbert [Talbot] Earle of Slirewsbury, Mary [Cavendish-Talbot] Countesse of Shrewsbury, Elizabeth [Vere-Stanley] Countesse of Derby, Margarette [Russell-Clifford] Countesse of Cumberland, Henry [Hastings] Earle of Huntingdon, Edward [Russell] Earle of Bedford, Lucy [Harrington-Russell] Countesse of Bedford, Mary [Sidney] Countesse of Pembroke, Richard [Bourke] Earl of Clanricard, Lady Elizabeth Graie, William [Cecil] Lord Viscount Cranborne, William [James] Lord Byshopp of Duresme, Henry [Parry] Lord Byshopp of Worseter, John [Bridges] Lord Bishop of Oxenford, William Lord Pagett, Dudley Lord North, Francis Lord Norreis, William Lord Knollys, John Lord Harrington, Robert Lord Spencer, Edward Lord Denny, William Lord Cavendishe, James Lord Hay, Elian or Lady Carre, Maistres Elizabeth Scott, widdow, Edward Sackvill Esqre. Sir Henry Nevill of Abergavenny, Knight, gives " George, Lord Archbishop of ter, while three fourths of these belong Canterbury, Henry, Earl of Hunting- to the gentry ; but the gentry did not ton, Edward, Earl of Bedford, Rich- pay their subscriptions so well as the ard, Earl of Clanrickard," etc. merchants. Of the names in this Tliis charter contains the names of charter about 125 paid £37 10s. or six corporations and 325 persons, of more, about 83 paid less than £37 whom about 25 were in the peerage, 10., and about 117 paid nothing. Ill knights, 10 doctors, ministers. About 120 of them served at some etc., 66 esquires, 30 gentlemen, and time in the House of Commons ; of 83 citizens and others not classified, these about 60 were members of the but mostly merchants. The trades, first Parliament of King James I. etc., predominated in the second char- THE THIRD CHARTER. 543 Sir Robert Riche, Knight, " John Harrington, (( " Raphe Winwood, a " John Graie ti " Henry Riche iC " Henry Wotten ,s male put some doubtes which even this entraunce may resolve them in, and so begett towards the further reading hereof a better opinion : Be yt only your honour to pardoun me the appealing of you from your more serious affaires to the perusall of these infirme and scatterd collec- tions, since yf I have offended, the noblenes & Bountie of your faire Disposicioun (expressed evenn in my knowledge to manie of my best Freindes) makes me presume that I cannot (in any actioun, which hath reUsh of virtue and goodnes) too much challenge or provoak your patience. " And so not striving to be unnecessarily troublesome I wish unto you the iust accompUshment of your owne ver- tuous desires : by him who is truly to you divoted. " William Strachey. " ECCLESIAE, ET REIPUB : ffol. 3.1 Wild as they ar, accept them, so were wee : To make them civil, will our Honour be : And if good workes, be the effects of myndes, That like good-angells be, let our Designes, As we ar Angli, make us angells too : No better worck, can church, or statesman do. W. St. " We call Cape Henry, in honour of our most [fol. 16.] royall prince.* . . . " We call Cape Charles in honour of our [fol. 16^.] princely Duk of York.* . . . " Yt being the place wherein our aboad and habitatioun hath now (well neere) six yeares consisted.* now at that tyme * These passages were originally "in honour of our^princely^Duk of written in the same way in the Sloane York." . . . ... MS. ; but before presentation to Ba- « Our aboad & habitation hath now con it was necessary to correct them, , ., . V- • ^ i » J ., "^ • i.1 .. ivrc! (well neere) «i yeares consisted, and they now appear m that Mb. as'^^^,^ .,., e o ,y ["I have copied the foregouig aetly as they occur in the MS. The rrections are most certainly in a dif- ferent handwriting from that of the folio ws that our d.cca.ed Bxactly as they occur in the MS. The " in honour of ^s? most royall.prince." corrections are most certainly in a dif- 566 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-.1ULY, 16 [fol. 56.] "The^ Second Book of the F. the Historie of Travaile into Vi expressing the severall voyages, and Coloni'^ these partes of America, now by us inti whose Chardges first undertaken, an' therein imployed, with what their s adventures ; gathered by William Str " Alget, qui non ardet." / " Wee seek not yours, but you : " Res nostrae sub inde non su quales esse possunt.' / i .la, into iia, at ptaines dlKes & &c./ s optaret, sed "W. St. [fol. 57.] «CaT.. T " A collection, necessarily the most matteriall perticulers, of evury oevervtii Colonic, & voyage addressed by the English ' -mj tym^, into these partes of America which hath gotten tii;» Donjmination of Virginia. / " Whether that ever famous Ge^ioese Christopher Colum- bus," etc. [about as in the Hakluyt volume ; but with the marginal note, " Of the first finders out of Virginia, the Captaynes thether Imployed, & by whom," etc.] CCXVI. has also the following introduction to the " Dictionary of the Indian Language," which is not given in CCXVII. (See Hakluyt Society volume for 1849, pp. 181-196.) text, and are written by the same per- son who added the marginal notes ; but possibly these corrections were made at a later day by the original writer of the MS." E. Salmon, Brit. Mus. April 17, 1884.] ^ The Sloane title is different (CCXVII.). ^ These same mottoes were used by Strachey on the title-page of Lawes Divine, Morall and Martiall, etc. (CXC). The Sloane motto is the same on both title-pages ; namely : Psalm cii. ver. 18. The Prsemonition to the reader, of about 7,000 words, defends the enter- prise against the claims of Spain, etc. The first book, containing about 35,000 words, is mainly descriptive ; but it also gives something of events in Virginia from April, 1G07, to about August, 1611. Tlie second book, con- taining about 14,000 words, goes over American discoveries, etc., from 1492 to 1606, and then gives an account of the Northern Colony (1607-8) nearly as in XXXVI. Then there is a Dic- tionarie of the Indian Language, The second book was published in Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. 4th series, vol. i. 1852. STRACHEY'S VIRGINIA. 567 " A Short Dictionary, added unto the former Discourses, of the Indian Language, used within the Chessiopioch Bay ; more perticiderly about the Tract and amongst the Inhabi- taunts of the first River, called by them Powhaton, and by us, the Kings River, wherin as yet our Townes, and Fortes, ar seated. By which, such who shall be Imployed thether may know the readyer how to confer, and how to truck and Trade with the People." CCXVII. STRACHEY'S VIRGINIA. — II. The Strachey MS. in the Sloane Collection, No. 1G22, already referred to in my notes on CCXVI., was published by the Hakluyt Society of London in 1849, to which pub- lication the reader is referred. The following are the title-pages of the two books : — ''The First Booke of The Historic of Travaile into Vir- ginia Britannia, expressing The Cosmographie and Como- dities of The Country, Togither with the Manners And Customes of The People : — Gathered And Observed As Well By Those who went First Thither, As Collected By William Strachey, gent., Three yeares thither Imployed secretarie of State, And of Counsaile with the Right Hon- orable The Lord La-Warre, His Majesties Lord Governor and Capt. Generall of The Colony. Psalm. CII. Ver. 18. This shalbe written for the generation to come : and The people which shalbe created shall praise the Lord." " The Second Book of The First Decade of The Historic of Travaile into Virginia-Britannia, entreating of the First Discoverie of The Country, and of the first Colonic, Trans- ported by Sir Richard Greenville, Knight, upon the Island of Roanoak, at the Expence and charge of Sir Walter Ral- eigh, knight. " As also of the Northern Colonic, seated upon the River of Sachadehoc, Transported Anno 1585, [1607 ?], at the charge of Sir John Popham, Knight, Late Lord Chiefe Justice of England, gathered by William Strachey, gent. 568 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. " Psalm CII, Ver. 18. This shalbe written for the gen- eration to come ; and the people which shalbe created shall praise the Lord." I think Straehey refers to this compilation in his prose preface to CXC, where he promises in the course of time to submit to the views of "The Committies," etc., " The full Star ley ^ both of Virginia and the Bermudas. He evidently planned a large work, but whether his plan was carried out or not is uncertain. Only the manuscript of the first and second books of the first decade has been found. It was evidently a personal venture, and Straehey certainly met with no encouragement in publishing such a work at this time, from The Committies of the Company, and after sev- eral trials he failed to find a patron elsewhere. We know but little of Straehey ; his command of language seems to me very striking, and his initials, W. S., are the most inter- esting of the period. CCXVIII. FROM STOWS CHRONICLE. " The 29. of June 1612 [at the West end of Saint Paules Church] began a great Lottery in London, the greatest Lot or prize was a thousand pound in plate." — Stow's Chroni- cle abridged by Howes. The following^ relates to one of the first lotteries which I have found mentioned in English history : — " A great Lotterie being holden at London in Paules Church yard, at the West doore was begun to be drawne the 11. of Januarie and continued day and night till the V^ of May 1569, when the said drawing was fully ended. The prizes consisted of plate, and the profits were appropriated to the repair of the sea-ports." The troubles with Spain were then brewing over the Hawkins incident at Vera Cruz, etc. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. 569 CCXIX. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. Chamberlain to Carleton, July 9, 1612. " My very goode Lorde : the Spanish ambassador, Don Pedro de Cuniga marques de villa Flores had his first audi- ence on Sonday last at Hampton court, wherin he was very short and in a manner did only shew his letters of credence, referring the rest of his message to a more private hearing : which is appointed him tomorrow at Whitehall, whether the K. comes this day for that purpose, having past all this weeke at Windsor and therabout. The K. makes haste to dispatch him, and when he hath heard what he can say, meanes to invite him to Tiballs [Theobalds] and feast him there on Sonday, and so to dismisse him. " I have yt from a goode hand that besides matter of ceremonie and acquainting the K. with the reasons of these late contracts with Fraunce a principall part of his errand is to cleere him self e of some imputations laide upon him by the Lord Treasurer [Cecil] about the powder treason, and to have cried quittance with him (yf he had ben alive) in accusing him of some unwarrantable practises. He lies at the Ambassador lidgers^ house, refusing to be lodged or defrayed by the King because he understoode his entertain- ment was not like to be aunswerable in every point to that of the D. of Buillon. Yt is generally looked for that he will expostulate about our planting in Virginia, wherin there will need no great contestation, seeing yt is to be feared that that action will fall to the ground of ytself, by the extreem beastly ydlenes of our nation, which (notwith- standing any cost or diligence used to support them) will rather die and starve then be brought to any labor or Indus- trie to maintain themselves, two or three of the last ships that came thence bring nothing but discomfort, and that Sir Thomas Gates and Sir Thomas Dale are quite out of hart, and to mend the matter not past five days since here ^ Velasco. 570 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. arrived a sliip^ with ten men, (who being sent foorth to fish for theyre releife and having taken great store) have given them the sHp and run away, and fill the towne with yll reports, which will hinder that business more then the Lot- terie or any other art they can use for the present will fur- ther yt. and yet they have taken goode order to have these runaways apprehended and punished or at least sent backs again. . . . " From London this 9*^ of July 1612. " Your Lordships to command " John Chamberlaine." CCXX. THE LOTTERY DRAWING. " The King's Majestie in special favor for the present plantation of Eng-lish Collonies in Virgfinia, A Lottery. ^ ° , . fe> ' granted a liberall Lottery, in which was con- tained five thousand pound in prizes certayne, besides re- T. ,. .1 wardes of casualtie and beo^an to be drawne, in a It began the _ " "^ 29. of June new built house at the West end of Paul's the 29. the 20. of of June 1612 ; But of which Lottery, for want ^^' of filling uppe the number of lots, there were then taken out and throwne away three score thousande blanckes, without abating of any one prize -, and by the twenteth of July, all was drawne and finished. This Lot- tery was so plainely carryed and honestly performed that it gave full satisfaction to all persons. Thomas Sharplisse, a Taylor of London, had the chiefe prize, viz ; foure thou- sand crownes in fayre plate, which was sent to his house in very stately manner, during the whole tyme of drawing of ^ The Trial, I suppose, which ship England to displant the French CoUo- had arrived in Virginia in August, nie there, the which as I after heard 1611, and probably remained there was Valliantly performed." See " A until Percy returned in her for Eng- Trewe Relacyon of the procedeinges land, April 22, 1612, and after a long and ocurentes of momeute which have and dangerous voyage " anchored in hapened in Virginia . . . 1609 untill Dover Roade where we did mete with . . . 1612," by George Percy, writ- s' Samuell Argall bownde for New ten about 1626. SIR HENRY HOBART Chief Justice RECORDS OF ST. MARY, COLECHURCH 571 this Lottery, tliere was alwaies present divers worsliipfuU Knights and Esquiers accompanied with sundry grave dis- creet Cittizens." — Howes' Chronicle, edition of 1615. See CCXVIII. also. " A Lottery granted for the Plantation of Virginia, 1612. " About this time [June, 1612] the King, in special favour to the present plantation of the English Colonies in Virginia, granted a Lottery, to be held at the West-end of Paul's whereof one Thomas Sharplys a Taylor of London, had the chief prize, which was four thousand crowns in fair plate." — Baker's Chronicles. " One byrcle in the hande is worth two in the woode If we get the great lot, it will do us goode." July 2, 1612. "Master Welby, entered at Stationer's Hall for publication. Under the hands of Sir Thomas Smithe — A booke called, The Lottery for Virginea opened the xxix*^ of June 1612, declaringe the names of suche as have prices or rewardes." July 17. " Master Welbye entred for his copy in full courte holden this day, and under the hand of Sir Thomas Smithe, Knighte. " The Articles sett downe for the Second Lottery." — From the Register of the Stationers. No copies of these two publications, I believe, are now known to be in existence. CCXXI. RECORDS OF ST. MARY, COLECHURCH. Extract from the vestry minutes of the Church of St. Mary, Colechurch, "which anciently stood on the north side of the Poultry, at the South-West Corner of the Old Jewry, London, England. It was destroyed by the Great Fire, a. d. 1666." '' Att A vestry Houlden the vij*^ daye of June 1612 it is 279509 572 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. agreed to adventur sixe pounde of the proffitt of our churclie stocke in the lottrey for the plantacion of Vergenya and what benifitt shall hapen thereby shalbe for the good of our church." After which is written : — " For this adventure above written our church had twoe sjwnes price twentye shillinge as apereth in the accoumpt of Edward Draper then Elder Church Warden." CCXXII. Extract from the Churchwarden's book of St. Mary, Woolchurch Hawe, 1612—13 : " Received from the lottery for 50 lotts which was by order of the parish to be drawn in twelve penny lotts. <£0. 10s. Od." CCXXIIT. FLORES (ZUNIGA) TO PHILIP III. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2589, FOLIO 61. Copy of a deciphered letter of the Marquess of Flores to the King of Spain, dated London, August 1, 1612. Received August 18 (8). " Sire. — " A ship has arrived here from Viginia, and altho' the well-informed and others think that that business does not grow, but rather continues to diminish ; I have been told by a friend, who tells me the truth, that some of the people who have gone there, think now some of them should marry the women of the savages of that country ; and he tells me that there are already 40 or 50 thus married, and other Eng- lishmen after being put among them have become savages, and that the women whom they took out, have also gone among the savages, and they have received and treated them well — that a zealous minister of their sect was seriously wounded in many places, because he reprehended them. " They have estabUshed a lottery from which they will CHARTER OF THE N. W. P. COMPANY. 573 obtain sixty thousand ducats, and by these means they will dispatch six ships, with as many people as they can get by such pretexts. " In this beginning it will be easy to drive those people out from there, and the not punishing hereof is the cause why they so boldly attempt other things, and Y. M. will see this, because already they have houses and begin another Colony in Newfoundland, in those regions where they have their fisheries. Now is a very favorable time for their pun- ishment, because if it is done, they will see that Y. M. will not proceed with them altogether by demands (requests, petition &c) which has only made them more haughty than they could hope, if relying upon their own strength alone. " God preserve Y. M." etc. [Mem. — Captain Samuel Argall in the Treasurer was " dispatched with Commission to displace the French, who had taken the opportunitie to settle themselves within our limits." . . . See " A Briefe Relation of the Discoverie and Plantation of New-England . . . 1607 ... to the present year 1622," and Mr. Neill's preface to " Virginia Vetusta," p. x. Argall's commission, I fear, is now lost. He sailed some time before the 23d of July, 1612, on which day " he departed from the coast of England."] CCXXIV. CHARTER OF THE N. W. P. COMPANY. SAINSBURY'S CALENDAR OF STATE PAPERS, COLONIAL, EAST INDIES, 1513-1616, NUMBER 616. Bletsoe, July 26, 1612. Grant incorporating the North West Passage Company. The grant recites that in Hudson's voyage, April, 1610, to October, 1611, they had found a strait or narrow sea by which they hope and purpose to advance a trade to the great kingdoms of Tartary, China, Japan, Solomon's Islands, Chili, the Philippines, and other countries, for the better accom- plishment and discovery of which they have sued for license 574 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. to be incorporated into a company. " In regard, it is an enterprize tending to so worthy an end, and which now at last after many proofs hath obtained so happy and Hkely a beginning, we have thought of some extraordinary means to grace and honour the same ; " and do constitute " our dear son [Prince Henry] immediately under ourselves (whose pro- tection is universal) supreme protector of the discovery and company," and 22 peers, three sons of peers, 36 knights, one lady, 38 esquires, and 188 merchants, etc., a body corpo- rate and politic by the name of the " Governor and Company of the Merchants of London, discoverers of the North- West Passage." Sir Thomas Smythe, Sir Dudley Diggs, and John Wolstenholme having been the first movers and principal instruments of setting forth ships to sea for accomplishing the discovery. Sir Thomas Smythe is appointed first gov- ernor. Sir Robert Mansell, Sir Ja^ Lancaster, Sir Dudley Diggs, Wm. Cockayne, Fra^ Jones alderman, John Wol- stenholme Esq., Wm. Greenwell, John Eldred, Nic Leate, Nic. Salter, Robt. Offley, Hewett Stapers, William Russell, Ric. Wyche, Raphe Freeman, Wm. Stone, Rob* Middleton, Wm. Harrison, Morris Abbott, Humfrey Hanforde, Philip Burlamachi, Abrah. Chamberlain, Rob* Bell, and Wm. Bur- rell, merchants, the first twenty-four committees and direc- I tors. This Company was " to enjoy forever the whole entire and only trade into the North West passage, and unto the lands, territories, and dominions aforesaid," — i. e., the northern parts of America — and " unto the very territories of Tartaria, China, Japan, Coray, &c." Most of the incor- porators of this company were also members of the East India, the Muscovy, and the Virginia companies of London. FLORES (ZU5riGA) TO PHILIP III. 575 CCXXV. FLORES (ZUNIGA) TO PHILIP IIL GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2589, FOLIO 67. Copy of an original letter o£ the Marquess de Floras to the Kmg of Spain, dated August 16, 1612. " Sire. — " I reported to Y. M. that they have obtained from a lot- tery sixty thousand ducats for Virginia matters ; now per- mission has been granted for another lottery worth 120.000 ducats, and they will make great haste to finish it and will send more than two thousand men to that country, because they msli to make another fortification on the river below. In order to get the footing there, which they desire to obtain, they wiU sell their own children, to put the Colony into the best possible condition, which even the well-in- formed cannot deny ! " Don Alonso de Velasco has been told that it is an object of ridicule (a laughing stock, a shame), that this business will never come to bear fruit in any way, for this Kingdom. I myself have been assured by friends, that in their ojjinion, they will very soon open the port and let them go out to sea as pirates. This is a very shameless (highhanded) matter, as I have already told Y. M. ; and if Y. M, will command them to leave that country at this time, it will appear to them as if it had been most courteously done ; because if they should be broken to pieces, they have no right to com- plain of it. — the whole thing is building up stones without any foundation [castles in the air]." " Our Lord preserve the Catholic Person of Y. M. as all Christendom feels the need. London. Aug* 16. 1612. " The Marques de Flores." 576 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. CCXXVI. PURCHAS HIS PILGRIMAGE. August 7, 1612, there was entered at Stationers' Hall, for publication, " Purchas his Pilgrimage, or Relations of The World and the Religions observed in all Ages and places Discovered, from the Creation unto this Present. In Foure Partes. This first contayning a Theologicall and Geographicall Historie of Asia, Africa and America, with the Hands adjacent. Declaring the ancient Religions before the Floud, the Heathenish, Jewish, and Saracenicall in all Ages since, in those parts professed, with their severaU opinions. Idols, Oracles, Temples, Priests, Fasts, Feasts, sacrifices, and Rites Religious : Their beginnings, Proceed- ings, Alterations, Sects, Orders and Successions. " With briefe Descriptions of The Countries, Nations, States, Discoveries : Private and publike Customs, and the most remarkable Rarities of Nature, or Humane Industrie, in the same "... " By Samuel Purchas, Minister at Est- wood in Essex. Unus Deus, una Veritas. London. Printed by William Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone . . . 1613." Dedicated to George, Archbishop of Canterbury. The preface is dated November 5, 1612, and the work probably issued from the press soon after. There was a second edition in 1614, a third, " much enlarged with Additions through the whole Worke," in 1617, and a fourth in 1626, which latter edition generally accompanies " Purchas his Pilgrimes " as a fifth volume. In the edition of 1614, Purchas gives probably 1,000 words regarding the Northern Colony, apparently compiled from the writings of Christopher Fortescue, Thomas Hanham, James Davies, John Eliot, George Popham, " Let[ter] to S[ir] J. Gilbert and E. S[eymour]," Ralegh Gilbert, and Edward Ilarley. About 2,500 words regarding the Southern Colony, chiefly compiled from CCXLV., but with several extracts from CLXXI. and CCX. ; and with reference also to XLIX. and CCXXX. He evidently gives us only what met his DIGBY TO JAMES I. 577 own approbation and, therefore, only his own opinions. He then gives about 8,000 words describing the country, people, religious rites, etc., the marvelous always preferred. CCXXVII. DIGBY TO JAMES I. August 21, 1612. Madrid. Digby to James I. " I have formerly advertised your Majestie of a report come unto Sevill that three or foure of this Kings Galleons should be cast away upon the Coast of Florida, which went forth with an intent to have attempted somewhat against the Enoflish Plantation in Virg-inea. But thouoh this newes be not absolutely contradicted, yet I can learne so smale grownde for the report therof, that I can conceave it to be likelyer to be untrue then otherwise." CCXXVIII. DIGBY TO JAMES I. September 1, 1612. Madrid. Digbye to James I. ..." Has endeavoured to inform himself of the reasons for the stay of Don Pedro de Cunega in England being longer than His Majesty expected. That when he was sent from hence he had three businesses in which he was in- structed to carry himself according to the state he should find them in at his coming thither. . . . His second busi- ness was concerning Virginea ; in which he was likewise not to make any proposition unto your Majestie, but upon sec- ond directions from hence, when he should have learned and advertised, what Your Majesties inclination Avas and what your answer was like to be, for that in case he should per- ceave that your Majestie was not likely to give way to that which by this King should be propounded, he should avoyd the having of a peremptory negative given unto his Master." [Mem. — A ship which left Virginia after the 28th of July arrived in England some time in September, it seems, bring- ing Whitaker's letter (CCXXIX.) and book (CCXXX.), and other documents unknown. 578 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. No news from Virginia was received in England from the date of the arrival of this ship (probably the John and Francis or the Sarah), about September, 1612, until the arrival of the EHzabeth on the 20th of July, 1613. And this period was the darkest hour " m all that time of three years disaster."] CCXXIX. WHITAKER TO SIR THOMAS SMYTHE. Neither of the following has ever been published in Amer- ica, I believe. I can only give extended extracts from CCXXX., as it is too long to publish entire. The fact that it was written in Virginia gives it an additional interest. I quote from the book as pubUshed later (CCLVIII.) noting the page extracted from. " To the Right Worshipfull Sir Thomas Smith, Knight, Treasurer of the English Colonic in Virginia : Grace and Peace be multipUed. " Right worshipfull, the noblest attemps have alwaies had the most doubtfull beginnings, most dangerous enemies. For wheresoever any goodnesse shall begin to bud forth, the Divell will labour by all meanes to nip it in the head. Wherefore, I doe not marvell though there have been great discouragements, and many adversaries of this Plantation. For the Divell knomng that where Christ wins, he loseth, doth with all his might and policie hinder the publishing, and propagation of the Gospell. Such was his practise to discourage the Israelites from the conquest of Canaan, rais- ing up ten of their owne Princes, that weakened the hand of their brethren. By his meanes also there stood up some of the Disciples that spake against Peter, for preaching the Gospell to the Gentiles. Yea, God himselfe of purpose suf- fers the divell to rage thus for a while, that those that are his mijrht bee tried. And this hath been the case hitherto of this godly Plantation, this the successe. But since the affairs of this Colony have now taken better footing and are WHITAKER'S GOOD NEWS FROM VIRGINIA. 579 advanced by the lielpes of so many honorable Adventurers, I was greatly emboldened to write these few lines of Exhor- tation, to encourage the noble Spirits of so many worthy men, to goe forward in Wel-doing, wherefore (honored Sii-) since all the dispatches of our affaires passes through your hand, I request of you to accept of my poore endeavoui's, and to pub- lish it to the view of our Adventurers that the prejudicate opinion of some, and the disheartened mind of others may be reformed. The God of heaven and earth crowne your un- danted spirit with his heavenly reward. And Let the beautie of the Lord our God be upon us : and direct thou the workes of our hands upon us, even direct thou our handie workes. " From Henrico, this 28. of Jidy 1612. " Pie that daily prayeth for the prosperitie of this Plan- tation. Alexander Whitaker." CCXXX. WHITAKER'S GOOD NEWS FROM VIRGINIA. " Good Newes From Virginia. [p. 1.] Text. " Ecclesiastes 11. 1. Cast Thy bread upon the Waters : for after many daies thou shalt finde it. " Aude hospes contemnere opes & te quoque dignum Fingfe Deo. " Be bould my Hearers to contemme riches, and frame yourselves to walke worthie of God ; for none other be w^or- thie of God, but those that lightly esteeme of riches. Na- kednesse is the riches of nature ; vertue is the only thing- that makes us rich and honourable in the eyes of wise men. Povertie is a thing which most men feare, and covetous men cannot endure to behold : yet povertie with a contented mind is great riches : hee truly is the onely poore man, not that hath little, but which continually desireth more. Riches (as they are esteemed) have no hmits, but still crie, plus ultra, still more. Neither is any man absolutely rich, but in comparison of a poorer man, of one (I meane) that hath lesse then he : for if he make diligent enquirie, he may finde 580 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. divers richer then himselfe : if riches of gold and the like, had bin such as the world doth esteeme them, it is not likely that Jesus Christ would have taken so poore a state upon him : when we esteeme them at the best, they are but an heavy burthen to some, an IdoU to others, and profitable to few." He continues in the same line (pp. 1-4). On the fourth page of his discourse, referring to his text, he says, " The words naturally divide themselves into two principal parts. A Commandment to be Liberall and Charitable : and a promise of reward, which hereafter we shall find. The Commandment also containeth in it five points, touching the doctrine of Liberalitie. *^ 1. The dutie to be performed, Cast thy bread : be lib- erall to all. " 2. The manner of bestowing our almes, by casting it away. " 3. What is to be given, Bread ; all things needfuU, yea, and of the best kind. '^ 4. Who may be liberall : even those that have it : Thy bread, it must be thine owne. "5. To whom we must be liberall ; to all, yea, to the Waters. " First, we wil briefly speake of the five points of this Commandment as they lie in order ; and then directly come unto the Promise more particularly. The enjoyned dutie is Liberalitie, which sometimes is termed almes : sometimes is more largely used for all Kind of good workes, and very often is signified by the names of Charitie and Brotherly love," etc. On pp. 4 to 8, he continues his discourse on the first point, The Duty. On pp. 8 to 14, on the second point, ^' the manner." For this he lays down five rules : " First, that we give in faith ; " second, " in love ; " third, " bountifully and with a cheerfuU minde ; " fourth, " with discretion," and " the last rule of giving is, that we give in Justice." On pp. 14 to 17 he discourses on " thirdly what is to be given " . . . " according to the several necessities of those HENRY HOWARD First Earl nf Northamptnu WHITAKEll'S GOOD NEWS FROM VIRGINIA. 581 that want. The wants of men bee divers ; some are of the minde, some of the bodie, and some be of the outward goods." On pp. 17 to 19, on fourthly, " Who may properlie give almes, which may easihe be determined, if we consider the divers kinds of good workes which wee have now kitely rehearsed. For hee that is not able to bee liberall in one kinde may be fit for another." . . . " And remember the poore estate of the igno- [p. 18.] rant inhabitants of Virginia. Cast forth your almes (my brethren of England) and extend your liberality on these charitable workes, which God hath called you to performe. Let not the servants of superstition, that tliinke to merit by their good workes (as [p. 19.] they terme them) goe beyond us in well doing ; neither let them be able to open their mouths against us, and to condemne the religion of oiu^ Protestation, for want of charitable deeds. " It may bee some men will say the worke is great, I am not able to relieve it ; I answer the work is such and such order is now taken, that those that cannot give much, may be liberall in a little. Those that cannot helj)e in monies by reason of their poverty, may venture their persons hither, and lieere not only serve God, but helpe also these poore Indians, and build a sure foundation for themselves, but if you can do neither of these, then send your earnest prayers to God for the prosperity of this worke." On pp. 19 to 28 he dwells on the fifth point, " To whome we are to bee liberall." Under this heading he says, on p. 21 : " Wherfore, since God hath opened the doore of Vir- ginia, to our Countrey of England, we are to thinke that God hath, as it were, by word of mouth called us in, to bestow our severall charity on them." He then goes on (pp. 21 to 28) to make an earnest appeal in behalf of the enterprise ; and the Apostle does not forget to send from Henrico, in Virginia, to the men of means in (pp. 24-28) England, a fervent prayer in behalf of the Indians, " the 582 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. naked slaves of the divell." Mr. Neill, in his " Virginia Company of London," pp. 78-81, has made some extracts from Whitaker's discourse on the fifth point. Pages 28 to 44 he devotes to " the promise more partic- ularly " — " For after many days thou shalt find it." — He prepares the way with a scriptural discourse, and then makes his point : '' Let then your liberall minds (you [p. 32.] honorable and charitable Adventm-ers of Virginia) be stirred up to cast your almes on the waters of Virginia, without hope of present profit. . . . The husband- man casting his seed into the earth, waiteth upon God untill Harvest for a fruitful crop. . . . God will not yet reward you, that he may make you more famous in the world. . . . The worke is honourable, and now more then ever, sustained by most honorable men. let us not then be weary of well-doing : fortie yeares were expired, before Israel could plant in Canaan, and yet God had called them by the word of his mouth, had led them himself e by an high [p. 33.] hand. . . . Shall our Nation, hitherto famous for noble attempts, and the honorable finishing of what they have undertaken, be now taxed for inconstancie, and blamed by the enemies of our protestation, for unchari- tableness? Yea, shall we be a scorne among Princes, and a laughing stocke among our neighbour Nations, for basely leaving what we honorably began ; yea, for beginning a Discoverie, which riches other men shall gather, so soone as we have forsaken it ? Awake you true hearted Englishmen, you servants of Jesus Christ, remember that the Plantation is Gods, and the reward your countries." He then goes on to strengthen his position (pp. 34—35) with scriptural illustrations ; and then tells of the various rewards of faith, of love, " the [p. 36] meanes to helpe our soules forward in their passage to heaven," of good works, etc. " Thus shall the Lord abundantly reward our soules for our liberalitie, and many waies more besides if we bee truly charitable. But the bountie of God would have us to tast WHITAKER'S GOOD NEWS FROM VIRGINIA. 583 of some temporall blessings besides, and after a [p, 37.] few daies, if we be cheeref uU givers, returne a plen- tiful! reward home unto us. Wherefore that I mio;ht con- tent the longing minds of every man, I thought it fit in the last place to recite a few commodities which in short time we may finde here in Virginia, for the charitie bestowed in this Plantation. ^ " The whole Continent of Virg-inia situate within the degrees of 34. and 47. is a place beautified by God, with all the ornaments of nature, and enriched with his earthly treasures : that part of it, which we already possesse, begin- ning at the Bay of Chesapheac, and stretching itselfe in Northerly latitude to the degrees of 39. and 40. is interlined with seven most goodly Rivers, the least whereof is equall to our River of Thames : " etc. He describes the location and convenience of these rivers, etc. " The River which we inhabit (commonly called [p. 38.] Powhatans River) ebbeth and floweth 140. miles into the maine ; at the mouth whereof are the two Forts of Henrico and Charles : 42 miles upwards is the first and mother Christian towne seated, called James-Towne, and 70. miles beyond that upwards is the new towne of Henrico buUt, and so named in the memorie of the Noble Prince Henry of lasting and blessed memorie : ^ tenne miles beyond this Towne is a place called the Fals, because the River hath there a great descent falling downe betweene many mineral Rocks which bee there: twelve miles farther beyond this place there is a Christall Rocke wherewith the Indians doe head many of their arrowes : Three dayes journey from thence there is a rocke or stonie hill ^ found, which is in the 1 The Narration of the Present State ^ The day's journey is indefinite. af that Countrey, and our Colonies there, The English, probably about fifteen mentioned on the published title-page miles, the Indian, much farther. This (see CCLVIII.) begins here and con- mine is said to have been found by a tinues to the end. Dutcliman. The locality was in what ^ Crashaw evidently revised this is now known as the eastern gold belt before publication, as Whitaker could of Virginia. We are again giving not have known of the death of Prince proper attention to our minerals in Henry when he wrote. Virginia. 584 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. top covered all over with a perfect and most rich silver oare. Our men that went to discover those parts had but two iron pickaxes with them, and those so ill tempered that the points of them turned againe and bowed at every stroake, so that wee could not search the entrailes of ye place, yet some triall was made of that oare with good successe, and argument of much hope. Sixe daies journey beyond this Mine a ofreat rido^e of liiofh hils ^ doe runne along; the maine land, not farre from whom the Indians report a great Sea doth runne, which we commonly call a South Sea, but in respect of our habitation is a West Sea, for there the sunne setteth from us. The higher ground is much like unto the molde of France, clay and sand being proportionably mixed together at the top ; but if we digge any depth (as [p. 39.] wee have done for our bricks) wee finde it to bee redde clay, full of glistering spangles. There bee many rockie places in all quarters ; and more than probable likehehoods of rich Mines of all sorts : though I kncAv all, yet it were not convenient at this time that I should utter all, neither have we had meanes to search for anything as wee ought, thorough present want of men, and former wants of provision for the belly. As for Iron, Steele, Antimonium, and Terra sigillata, they have rather offered themselves to our eyes and hands, then bin sought for of us. The aire of the Countrey (especially about Henrico and upward) is very temperate and agreeth v/ell with our bodies. The extremitie of Sommer is not so hot as Spaine, nor the colde of Winter so sharpe as the frosts of England. The Spring and Har- vest are the two longest seasons and most pleasant, the Summer and Winter are both but short : The Winter is for the most part drie and faire, but the Summer watered often with many great and suddaine shewers of raine ; whereby the cold of Winter is warmed, and the heate of Summer cooled. . . . ^ The Appalachian system, in a miles ; but Whitaker's day's journey direct line, is about 100 miles from the probably applied to the devious route falls, westward — 12 miles -\- 3 days' of the Indians, journey -|- 6 days' journey = say, 150 "WHITAKER'S GOOD NEWS FROM VIRGINIA. 585 " The naturall people of the Land are to be [p. 40.] feared of those that come upon them without defen- sive Armour, but otherwise faint-hearted (if they see their Arrowes cannot pearce) and easie to be subdued. Shirts of Male, or quilted cotton coates are the best defence against them. There is but one or two of their pettie Kings, that for feare of us have desired our friendship. . . . Our eldest friends bee Pipsco and Choapoke, who are our over thwart neighbors at James-Towue, and have been friendly to us in oiu* great want. The other is the Werewance of Chescheak^ who but lately traded Avith us peaceably. If we were once the masters of their Countrey, and they stood in feare of us (which might with few hands imployed about nothing else, be in short time brought to passe) it were an easie matter to make them willingly to forsake the divell, to embrace the faith of Jesus Christ, and to be baptized. Besides, you can- not easihe judge how much they would be availeable to us in our discoveries of the Countrey, in our buildings and plant- ings, and quiet provisions for ourselves, when we may peace ably passe from place to place without neede of amies or guarde. " The meanes for our people to Uve and subsist [p. 41.] here of themselves are many and most certaine both for Beasts, Birds, Fish and Hearbes. The beasts of the countrey are for the most part wilde : as Lions, Beares, Wolves and Deare : Foxes blacke and red, Rakowns, Be- vers, Possowns, Squerrels, Wilde-Cats, whose skinnes are of great price, and Muske-Rats which yeelde Muske as the Muske-Cats doe. There be two kindes of beasts amongst these most strange : one of them is the female Possown, which will let forth her young out of her bellie and take them up into her bellie againe at her pleasure without hurt to herselfe, neither think this to be a Travellers tale,^ but ' Doubtless the people In England traits has created in Virginia a new heard many " a traveler's tale " from word, nearly allied to "a traveler's Virginia; but the "Possown" (opos- tale," namely, "possuming," i. e., de- sum) is a curious animal, one of whose ceiving. 586 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. the very truth ; for nature hath framed her fit for that Service, my eyes have been witnes unto it, and we have sent of them and their young ones into England. The other strange conditioned creature is the flying squirrell, which through the helpe of certaine broad flaps of skin growing on each side of her forelegs, will flie from tree to tree 20. or 30. paces at one flight and more, if we have the benefit of a small breath of winde. Besides these, since our coming hither, wee have brought both Kine, Goats and Hogges, which prosper well, and would multiplie exceedingly if they might be provided for. This countrey besides is replenished with birds of al sorts which have bin the best sustenance of flesh, which our men have had since they came ; also Eagels, and Hawkes of all sorts, amongst whom are Ausprech, fish- ing Hawke, and the Cormorant. The woods be every where ful of wilde Turkies which abound, and will runne [p. 42.] as swift as a Grey-hound. In Winter our fields be full of Cranes, Herons, Pigeons, Partridges and Blackbirds : the rivers and creekes bee over spread every- where with water-foule of the greatest and least sort, as Swans, flocks of Geese & Brants, Duck and Mallard, Shel- drakes, Dyvers, &c. besides many other kinds of rare and delectable birds, whose names and natures I cannot yet recite, but we want the means to take them. The Rivers abound with Fish both small and great : the sea Fish come into our Rivers in March and continue untill the end of September : great seniles of Herings come in first : shads of a great bignesse, and the Rock-fish follow them. Trouts, Base, Flounders, and other daintie fish come in before the others be gone : then come multitudes of great sturgeons, whereof we catch many, and should do more ; but that we want good nets answerable to the breadth and deapth of our Rivers : besides our channels are so foule in the bottom with great logs and trees, that we often break our nets upon them : I cannot reckon nor give proper names to the divers kinds of fresh fish in our rivers ; I have caught with mine angle, Pike, Carpe, Eele, Perches of sixe severall kindes, WHITAKER'S GOOD NEWS FROM VIRGINIA. 587 Crea-fish and the Torope or little Turtle, besides many smaller kinds. Wherefore, since God hath filled the ele- ments of the earth, aire and waters with his creatures, good for our food and nourishment, let not the feare of starving hereafter, or any great want, dishearten your valiant minds from comming to a place of so great plentie : if the Countrey were ours, and meanes for the taking of them (which shortly I hojDe shall bee brought to passe.) [p. 43.] then all these shall be ours : we have them now, but we are fain to fight for them, then should we have them without that trouble. . . . "But these are not all the commodities which we may finde heere : for the earth Avill yeelde much more fruit to our industrial labours, as hath been proved by the Corne and other things which wee have planted this last yeare. I have made proofe of it with the helpe of three more, being a strano'er to that business and havino; not a bodie inured to such labour, and set so much corne horis sitcclsinis iinius sejjtimance, in the idle howers of one weeke, as will suffice me for bread one quarter of a yeare : and one commoditie is besides in this corne, that from the time of setting, unto the time of gathering, five moneths will abundantly suffice : for we set corne from the beginninge of March, until the end of May, and reape or gather in Julie, August & Sep- tember. Our English seeds thrive very well heere, as Peas, Onions, Turnips, Cabbages, Coleflowers, Garrets, Time, Parseley, Hysop, Marjoram, and many other whereof I have tasted and eaten. " What should I name unto you the divers sorts of trees, sweete woods and Physicall plants : the divers kind of Oakes and Walnut trees. The Pines, Pitch-Trees, Soape- aslies trees, Sassafras, Cedar, Ash, Maple, Cypress, and many more which I dailie see and admire at [p. 44.] the beautie and riches which God hath bestowed, upon this people, that yet know not how to use them. " Wherefore you (right wise and noble Adventurers of Virginia) whose hearts God hath stu-red up to build him a 588 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. Temple, to make him an house, to conquer a Kingclome for him heere : be not discouraged with those many lamentable assaults that the divell hath made against us : he now rageth most, because he knoweth this Kingdome is to have a short end. Goe forward boldly, and remember that you fight under the banner of Jesus Christ, that you plant his Kingdome, who hath already broken the Serpents head : God may deferre his temporall reward for a season, but be assured that in the end you shall find riches and honour in this world, and blessed immortality in the world to come. And you my brethren, my fellow labourers, send up your earnest prayers to God for his church in Virginia, that since his harvest heere is great, but the labourers few, hee would thrust forth labourers into his harvest ; and pray also for me that the ministration of his Gospell may be powerfull and effectuall by me to the salvation of many, and advance- ment of the Kingdome of Jesus Christ to whom with the Father and the holy Spirit, bee all honour and glorie for evermore, Amen." CCXXXI. DIGBY TO JAMES I. September 13, 1612. Madrid. Digby to James I. ..." It is here held for certayne that this King will not permit Our plantation at Virginea, and the Bermudas, in so much that it is here publiquely and avowedly spoken in the Court, that they will shortly attempt the removing of them. And I have Letters from some in the Fleete with Don luys de Fajardo, who is now at Cales ready to put to sea, that so soone as he hath conducted home the West Indian Fleet, he shall goe to the Havana and winter there ; and from thence in the begmning of the Spring shall attempt Verginea. But therunto I give not much credit, for that I ^m informed here from good part, that there hath beene of late, a consultation and almost a resolution taken, that one Don Diego Brochero, now of the Councell of Warre, and a greate Commander at Sea, shall have the NORTHAMPTON TO JAMES I. 589 conducting of this enterprise, and that he shall goe from Portugall, where this King's Navie is commanded to meete, under CuUor and pretence of the King's remayning at Lis- bone. But of these thins^s I shall use all the dillic^ence I may, to attayne unto the truthe." CCXXXII. NORTHAMPTON TO JAMES I. The whole letter is published in " The Magazine of American History," vol. viii. pp. 505-507 (1882). It was evidently written after the return of the Plough from the Bermudas early in September, 1612, probably on Sunday, September 14. " Henry Earl of Northampton to the Kinges (Jame I.) sacred and Royall Maiesty. " From Greenwich, Sunday at xii. " Most excellent, most gratiouse, most redoubted and deer soveraine." [Sends three advertisements, which re- mind him of the roses, violets, and gilly flowers he used to send to his Majesty from thence. The first concerns the archduke ; the second, the Muscovy Company, who have prospered strangely, got within nine degrees of the pole, saw 700 whales, and brought home seventeen ; the third ;] " Another companie are in like sorte advertised of the safe arrivall of their shippes in the Bermudos upon which Hand the Spaniardes affrighted and dismaied with the frequencie of Hurricanes wliich they ever meete about that place durst not adventur but calle it Dcemoniorinn insulam. But from this Hand of Devilles our men have sent some amber and some seede perles for an assaie which the Devilles of the Bermudos love not better to retaine then the Angeles of Castile doo to recover. The place aboundes in swine in fowle and fishe, which moves our men to growe more con- fident in the safe possessione of a place which they have possessed so peaceably." [Wonders the people who thrive so well under his Majesty are not more thankful to him, 590 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. etc.] " I humbly and affectionately Kisse your M"^ faire hande and prayinge for your preservation as for my sowle live and die. " Your M*'^ most affectionat humble and loyall servant and subject till death. " H. Northampton." CCXXXIII. DIGBY TO CARLETON. September 22. " Sir John Digby to S"" Dudley Carleton. . . . There is nothing so generally spoaken of in this Courte as their intent to remove Our plantation in Virginia. And for myne owne parte, I am of beliefe, that the Spaniards will serve us, as tliei did the Frenchmen in Florida, unles wee undertake ye business much more throughly and roundely, then hitherto wee have donne. But heereof, thei have had sufficient warning in England." CCXXXIV. FROM GROCERS' RECORDS. As CCXXXIV., CCXXXV., and CCXXXVI. relate to " the same Salt," I have placed them together, regardless of their dates. Court of Assistants, Grocers' Company. " Die Martis xxix die Septembris 1612. " Present : — M' Giles Parslowe, M"^ William Millett, M^ Roger Gwyn, Wardens. M' John Newman, M' Rich'' Denman, "| " Robert Cocks, " Robert Morer, V Assistants. u -yym Pennyfather " Laurence Greene, J " W"' Barrett, " Robert Johnson, "| " Cha^ Glascock, " John Farmer, | " Edw-^ Jennings, " Arthur Blakemore, } Livery. " George Scott, " Jeffrey Kirby, | " Thomas Foxall, " John West, Junior. J " To day M'" Wardens made knowen to their Brethren as THOMAS HOWARD First Earl of Sujfo/k FROM GROCERS' RECORDS. 591 well of the Assistants as Livery of this Company here pre- sente in the Hall, of the some of thu-teene pounds and ten shilhngs that was due to the Companye for theyr adventure in the late Lottery made for the plantaeon in Virginia. In which Lottery was putt of the Companyes Comen Goodes of this house Lxij" x^ and asked theyr opinions whether M"" Wardens should accept of the said xiij^' x^ soe due unto them and to abate after x^' per cent, or to accept of a faire rounde Salt with a cover of Silver all gilt poiz 44"'^ ^ 1*^ at G* 7"^ per oz amounting to the some xiiij" xix' vi*^. " The which Salt they all agreed that Mr. Wardens should accept both in respect it would not be so much losse to the Company as to take the xiij'' x^ with the sayd abatement, and alsoe in regard this Company want Salts, and alsoe that M' Wardens shall paye the overplus being xxix^ vi*^ of the Comen Goodes of this House in full discharge for the same Salt." CCXXXV. FROxAI GROCERS' RECORDS. Court of Assistants, Grocers' Company. " Curia Assisten. tent die veneris xviij die Decembris 1612. 10. James. " Present : — Sir Stephen Soame and Sir Thomas Middle- ton. Kt' " M' Nicholas Stile, M'" George Bolles and M' Richard Pyott, Aldennen. " M-^ Giles Parslowe, M"^ William Millett and M' Roger Gwyn. Wardens. M" George Holman, M"" John Newman, " Robert Cocks, " Humfrey Walcott, " Richard Burrell, " Wm. Dale, " Richard Aldworth, " Robert Bowyer, " Richard Cox, " Robert Morer, " Anthony Soday, " Thomas Longston, " Thomas Westrowe, " Laurence Greene, " Richard Bourne, " Danyel Wynche. " To day Mr. Wardens acknowledges the receipt of one 592 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1G09-JULY, 1614. faire rounde Salt and Cover all of silver guilt weighing xliiij oz one quarter of an oz and a pennyweight to the use of this Company — which this company hath in regard of xiij" x' happening to them in the late Lottery made for plantacon in Virginia upon their adventure or putting in Ixij " x' and for xxix' vi*^ more payd by M' Wardens for the same praying allowance thereof whereof this court allowed accordingly." CCXXXVI. FROM GROCERS' RECORD. From Wardens' Account under " Casual payments," July 20, 1612, to July, 1613. " Item paid to Clement Fryer the some of xxix' vi'^ which was added to the xiij" x' happen- ing to this Companye for Lxij" x* adventured in y*' late Lotterye for plantacon in Virginia . ^ ^- g -d to by a Silver and gilt Salt for this Company as by order of Courte made the xviij*'' day of December 1612 as '^ acquittance may ap- peare." CCXXXVII. DIG BY TO CARLETON. October 10, 1612. Madrid. Digbye to Carleton. . . . '' Others say, that these forces united in Portugal, shall under the commaunde of Don Diego Brochero attempte the removing of our plantation in Virginia. ... I have lately received advertisement from Lisborne, that there ar- rived there a shipp, which coming from the Havana bring- ethe worde. That there were diverse soldiers there botlie of those parties and others, which this laste Spring were sente from hence out of Andalusia, which were ready to goe to attempte Virginia. And that to this ende all shipps that for some monthes before had arrived there were imbargued. Since, there is newes come from Sevill, that the Spaniards have overthrowen our men in Virginia. To which though I give little beliefe, yet I thought fitt to sende unto ye DIGBY TO JAMES I. 593 Secretarye of State to give him notice of what I heard. Hee sent me worde, I might fully assure myselfe, that there was no suche thino- hitherto to their knowledo-e. But that yt was true iudeede, that the King of Spaines people were muohe discontent and muttered, that ye plantation was per- mitted. And that yt had beene likewise handled in the Councell of State heere ; and that this helde yt very unfitt, that a Companie of Voluntarye and loose people (as hee tearmed them) without the commaunde or interposition of their King, should goe forward with that which mighte in tyme prove of so muche inconvenience to the King of fepaine. CCXXXVIII. PHILIP III. TO VELASCO. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2571, FOLIO 328. Copy of a deciphered letter of H. M. to Don Alonso de Velasco, dated Valladolid, November 3, 1612. " Your letters of June IS*'^ [CCXIII.] informed me of the martyrdom which two priests underwent there — also of what you state concerning the affairs of Savoy — and of the post which it was proposed to take in the Bermuda, so as to encourao^e the colonisation of Virginia — and I thank you much for the zeal Avhich you show in keeping me hif ormed of what is going on — and I charge you to con- tinue, so that here may be done whatever may appear to be necessary." . . . [Mem. — November 5. The prayers of the church for Prince Henry. November 6. Henry of Wales, the patron of Virginia, died.] CCXXXIX. DIGBY TO JAMES I. November 12, 1612. Madrid. Diobve to James I. ..." I got a \4ew of his (Don Pedro de Cuiiega) dispatch. The chief matters were . . . That there was no cause to 594 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. apprehend so much danger in Virginea as they did in Spaine, there being only as he certaynly learned, five hundred men, who had of late suffered great extremitie and miserie, and that the first undertakers were grown e so weary of supply- ing the charge, that they were faine to make a generall kynde of beggmg (for so he tearmed it) by the way of a Lottery for the furnishing out of those sliipps and men which were now sent ; so that he judged it not fit to make any kynde of mention thereof unto your Majestic, both for that he held it not unlikely that the Business might sinke of itselfe, since it was maynteyned but by these shifts, which could last but for a yeare or two, and liliewise for that he was certeynly informed, that yf he should propound 'the having of the plantation revoked, it would in no kynde be condiscended unto." [Mem. — The 25th day of November, 1612, the Virginia Company of London sold the Somer Islands, " for £2.000 of lawfull English money," to " Sir Wilham Wade, Sir Dudley Diggs, Sir Baptist Hicks knights, Richarde Martin of the Middle Temple, London Esquier, John Wolstenholme, Es- quier, Richard Chamberlaine, Robte Offley, Robte Johnson, Jerome Hey don, George Scott and George Barkeley of Lon- don, Merchants."] CCXL. CHAPMAN'S AN EPICEDE. By George Chapman. " An Epicede, or funerall Song, on the most disastrous death of the high borne. Prince of Men, Henry Prince of Wales, with the Funerals and representation of the Herse of the same high and mighty Prince ; Prince of Wales, Duke of Cornwaile, and Rothsay, Count Palatine of Chester, Earle of Caricke, and late Knight of the most noble order of the Garter. Which noble Prince deceased at St. James, the sixt day of November, 1612, and was most princely in- terred the seventh day of December, following within the EXTRACT FROM THE FRENCH MERCURY. 595 Abbey of Westminster, in the eighteenth yere of his age. London, printed by T. S. for John Budge, and are to bee sould at his shop at the great south dore of Paules, and at Brittames bursse, 1612." " With a large folding plate of the Hearse and Representation of the Prince by Wm. Hole." . . . Extract. [Fever is impersonated instilling her venom into the prince, and the poet exclaims :] " Was there a sight so pale, and desperate Ever before seene, in a thrust-through state ? The poore Virginian, miserable sayle A long-long-Night turn'd Day, that lived in Hell Never so pourtrayecl, where the Billowes strove (Blackt like so many Devils) which should prove The dammed Victor, all their furies heighting : Their Drum the thunder : and their colours lightning : To drown the waves in noyse : the other spending His Hel-hot sulphurous flames to drink them dry : When heaven was lost, when not a teare wi'acked eye Could tell in all that dead time, if they were Sincking or sayling : till a quickening chere Gave light to save them by the ruth of Rocks At the Bei'mudas : where the tearing shocks And all the miseries before, more felt Than here halfe told : all, all this did not melt Those desperate few, still dying more in tears Then this Death, all men, to the marrow weares, All that are men." . . . "Description of the tem- pest that cast Sir Th. Gates on the Bermudas and the State of his ship and men to this Kino;- domes plight applyed in the Princes Death." CCXLI. EXTRACT FROM THE FRENCH MERCURY. EXTRACT FROM THE MERCURE FRANCOIS, VOLUME III., 1612 TO 1615, PAGE 179. Translation. " The English in their voyages to Vir- ginia were badly treated by the Spaniards : for having wished to settle an Island near Virginia and having com- menced to fortify themselves there, the Spaniards, who did not want neighbours for the West Indies, went with sev- eral ships of war to attack them and to bombard them so vigorously that entering the Island, they (the Spaniards) 596 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. put to the edge of the sword all the English. This being reported to the King of Great Britain, and that the EngHsh Colony in Virginia is becoming enfeedled, he sent thither a new Governor with men of war, munitions and two hundred women with as many daughters to re-enforce this Colony." CCXLII. AND CCXLIII. SMITH'S MAP OF VIRGINIA. A map of Virginia (CCXLII.) " Discovered and Discribed by Captayn John Smith, graven by WiUiam Hole." I do not know exactly when this map was engraved ; but as it is mentioned (in CCXXVI.) as then " printed," it was probably engraved prior to August 7, or quite certainly be- fore November 5, 1612. The various editions of this map are discussed by Mr. James Lenox and Mr. Charles Deane, in " The Curiosities of American Literature," — " Norton's Literary Gazette," March 15 and May 18, 1854. It was a part of " The Oxford Tract" (CCXLIV.), and was evidently published under the same auspices, without the authority of the Virginia Council. When Smith was presi- dent in Virginia copies of the surveys must have come into his hands, and he probably furnished William Hole with the drawing from which the engraving was made ; but I do not believe that Smith made the drawing himself. He does not always claim to have done so. In CCCLV. he alludes to CCXLIV. and CCXLII. as the "Booke and Map printed in my name." It seems to me certain that this map was engraved from a copy of the Virginia part of CLVIII. Cor- rect maps must be alike ; but when one inaccurate map fol- lows so closely another, as in this case, it furnishes quite conclusive proof that the latter was copied from the former. As a further evidence that Smith did not make the draw- ing for the map (CCXLII.), it may be noted that the dis- tances given in the text of his work do not always corre- spond with the distances on the map. I have found no real evidence that Smith could draw a map. In 1618, " to .*> ^1 £ c ,«N"^ > 11 ^ CCXLIII Colonial rapfrs. V-ol. I, No. 42,. II. "A description of the land of Vir^nla." m r 1Mt^ ^ 4 ,/^hA.^'^ r?^^ -fc fy-^^*-* ^'-^ T-^^'^^y- o 4 /) 'VW' ■A' -.""^"J" £1^, 10 /;•/«.» ,»<«s rt^ 13 iX^t^^-p^^^-^^ yinynh Here is 3 fathom of wftter. Secotan, Tills ^oeth to a great towii celled Nepoke. This to Warrea. Pomaioke. Fresli water with, great store of flsh. Here were great store of great red grapes. Very pleasant. The grass that bearetli the silk groweth here plentif ally. Te Kings ill The gailU art found here. Wococan. Here groweth ye rind that dieth red. Thp Port of Saynt Marls, where we arrived flrat. TAfi fij/wreai, 2, 3, < n tMe original draieing. m fll> r r "THE OXFORD TRACTS." 597 show the difference betwixt Virginia and New England," Smith sent Lord Bacon " maps of them both." The map of New England is missing ; I give the map of Virginia (CCXLIII.). I believe it to be an illustration of Smith's capacity as a draughtsman as it is probably an attempt by Smith to copy from some drawing of our present North Carolina coast. CCXLIV. AND CCLV. "THE OXFORD TRACTS." CCLIV. and CCXLV. were published at Oxford some time between the 5th of November, 1612, and 25th March, 1613. The exact date is not known. Smith had evidently secured the sympathy and interest of certain clergymen and ladies in Enofland, who thouoht that he deserved more credit than he had received from the managers of the Virginia enterprise ; and as this was the most trying time in the history of the colony, there were very many disappointed adventurers m sympathy with fault-finders. CCXLIV. is chiefly descriptive, and need not be reviewed at length. The avowed object of CCXLV. was to " give satisfaction to all indifferent readers, how the businesse hath beene carried," and " ho we it came to passe there was no better speed and successe in those proceedings." It is a eulogy of Smith. It is a partisan criticism of the management of the enterprise ; it attempts to prove that the troubles which happened while Smith was in Virginia could not have been prevented, and that the troubles which had happened since he left, had happened because he was not there to prevent them. The Stationers' Company of London was a member of the Virginia Company, and it was evidently against their interest to license the publication of such tracts and maps as these (CCXLIL, CCXLIV., and CCXLV.) at that time, and we are probably indebted to the sympathy of Crashaw, Symonds, and Purchas for having them printed by the cler- ical press at Oxford. If so, the sympathy of these clergy- men may speak well for their hearts ; but their judgment in this matter was certainly at fault. 598 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1G09-JULY, 1614. I have carefully collated CCXLV. with the same as pub- lished by Smith in his " General History," and as pubhshed by Purchas in his " Pilgrimes," and also with all the other evidences which I have found in the premises ; and without doubt the narrative is inaccurate and unjust. The summing uj) of the case on the title-pages and in the prefaces is very strong, and of course the evidence is also, if we accept it (as has been done sometimes) without question ; but a cross- examination will reveal its inaccuracy and injustice, and sustain the judgment of the managers of the enterprise. For instance, we are lead to believe that the tract was a dis- interested compilation by Richard Pots ; but as Pots was clerk to Smith while in Virginia, their interests were probably identical. We are assured that the authors were many and that their " particular discourses are signed by their names ; " yet the discourse relating to events between September, 1607, and January, 1608 (where we are told that Smith pre- vented the abandonment of the colony three times, and did other wonderful things), is signed by Thomas Studley, alone, who had died August 28, 1607, before any of these won- derful things happened. Of course Studley's death is not mentioned in the tract, and he is again used as a witness for events as late as June, 1608. Another leading witness was Ananias Todkill, who had been a servant to Captain John Martin, and evidently bore Martin malice ; but enough. CCXLV. is embraced in the fourth book of Smith's " Gen- eral History," where it is somewhat altered and enlarged. It is partisan evidence. It was against the interest of the managers of the enterprise, and of the enterprise itself, that affairs should be made public at this time, and this is the only publication of the period which pretends to give a detailed account of events in Virginia, during the time that Smith was there. The managers had the correct accounts. This account is not correct ; but the public had no other. As to the witnesses to this tract then in England, it must be remembered that many of those sent to Virginia by the company had been guilty of a breach of trust by returning "THE OXFORD TRACTS." 599 to England, and that the company had no adequate laAV for protection in these premises, until after the passage of the fifteenth article of the third charter. The enterprise was then going through the crucial test, which " enterprizes of this nature, especially in the Infancie thereof, are subject unto " (Kimbolton MSS. No. 344), and doubtless there were many swift witnesses in England among those referred to in the fourteenth article of the third charter (CCIIL). Although we cannot rely on this tract when it is relating the acts of Smith or criticising the acts of others, it is evi- dently more trustworthy than the same account as given in the " General History." It is curious to note how Smith continually alters it to his own advantage in the latter work. I will give a single illustration. It is a subject of illustra- tion in Smith's History. The account of how " Smith taketli the King of Paspa- heigh prisoner." From CCXLV. — "long they^ struggled in the water, from whence the King j)erceimng tico of the Poles^ upon the scmdes loould have fled ; hut the President held him hy his haire and throat till the Poles came in ; then see- ing howe pittifully the poore Salvage begged his life, they conducted him prisoner to the fort^ From Smith's History. — " long they struggled in the water, till the President got such a hold on his throat, he neare strangled the King ; hut having drawn his faucheon to cut off his head seeing howe pittifully he begged his life, he led him prisoner to Jainestoione and put him in chaynes." The following is the title-page of CCXLIV. : — " A Map of Virginia, with a description of the Countrey, The Commodities, People, Government and Religion. Writ- ten by Captaine Smith, sometimes Governour of the Countrey. ^ The president, Captain John Smith, Smith's life, as Newport had done ; and the Indian king. but they get neither acknowledgment - Evidently the Poles aided in mak- nor thanks in Smith's History ; nor do ing the capture, and probably saved they appear in the picture. 600 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1G09-JULY, 1614. " Wliereunto is annexed The proceedings of those Colo- nies, [CCXLV.] since their first departure from England, with the discourses, orations, and relations of the Salvages, and the accidents that befell them in all their Journies and discoveries. " Taken faithfully as they were written out of the writ- ing's of Doctor Russell. Richard Wiffin. Tho. Studley. Will. Phettiplace. Anas Todkill. Nathaniel Powell. JefPra Abot. Richard Pots. And the relations of divers other diligent observers there present then, and now many of them in England. "By W. S. "At Oxford, Printed by Joseph Barnes. 1612." The larger part of this title really refers to CCXLV. CCXLIV. was, as stated, a description of the country, etc., accompanied with Smith's map (CCXLII.) which had been previously engraved. These t^o tracts and the map belong together. Origi- nals are various priced, as to condition, etc. Mr. Quaritch priced a complete and perfect set in 1885 at $650. Origi- nals are preserved in this country in the following libraries : Charles Deane, of Cambridge, Mass. ; of Congress, at Wash- ington ; John Carter-Brown, Providence, R. I. ; Mr. Kalb- fleisch, and The Lenox, New York. CCXLIV. was again printed nearly as in the original in the second book of Smith's " History of Virginia," and in this shape is reprinted in Rice's reprint of Smith's Works, Richmond, Virginia, 1819. The next, CCXLV., has been reprinted in England (by Mr. Arber) but not in America, I believe, except as it is in his " General History." It con- tains about 27,000 words. As in his " General History " (Smith having erased about 3,000 words and then added about 16,000 words) the tract contains about 40,000 words. I BIONDI TO CARLETON. gQl The following is the title-page of CCXLV. : — " The Proceedings of The English Colonie in Viro-inia since their first beginning from England in the yeare of our Lord 1606, till this present 1612, with all their acci- dents that befell them in their Journies and Discoveries. Also the Salvages discourses, orations and relations of the Bordering neighbours, and how they became subject to the English. Unfolding even the fundamental! causes from whence have sprung so many miseries to the under-takers, and scandals to the businesse : taken faithfully as they were written out of the writings of Thomas Studley the first provant maister, Anas Todkill, Walter Russell Doctor of Phisicke, Nathaniell Pow^ell, William Phettyplace, Eich- ard Wyffin, Thomas Abbay, Tho. Hope, Rich : Pots and the labours of divers other diligent observers, that were resident in Virginia. And perused and confirmed by diverse now resident in England that were actors in this busines. By W. S. At Oxford, printed by Joseph Barnes. 1612." CCXLIV. is dedicated " To the Hand," and the dedica- tion is signed " T. A." CCXLV. has an introductory address " To The Reader," signed " T. Abbay." Of course I cannot be perfectly sure, but it does seem to me that this dedication and address was written by the same hand, whosesoever it was, that wrote all of the works known as Captain John Smith's. CCXLVI. BIONDI TO CARLETON. January 7, 1613. London. Giov. Franc. Biondi to Carleton. ..." Much talk about a Spanish Armada which is gath- ering; some say it is for Virginia; some for England; some for Ireland. The latter most probable, because of the intelligence of Spain with Ireland ; but the Hebrides Islands might afford a counterpoise." . . . 602 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. [Mem. — CCLVII. mentions letters from Velasco of Jan- uary 22 Q-iid 23? 1613, which I have not found.] CCXLVII. VELASCO TO PHILIP IIL GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2590, FOLIO 92. Copy of an original letter of Don Alonso de Velasco to the King of Spain, dated London, January 25, 1613. " Sire. — " The Embassador of the King here, who resides at your Court, has informed him, that Y. M. is fitting out a great fleet for this summer, with the intent to send the lar- ger part of it to dismantle the forts of Virginia and of Ber- muda. This report has been confirmed to them and thus they are now making ready five ships with fifteen hundred men, much ammunition and two engineers, to reinforce those posts, and they say, these vessels will sail towards the middle of March. They go with the understanding, that if those reports should continue, still larger forces would be sent, altho' they feel very confident, that Y. M's fleet will not be strong enough to drive them out from there. May Our Lord preserve Y. M. as is required by all Christendom. " London, January 25. 1613. "Don Alonso de Velasco." [Mem. — About the last of January, 1613, the com- panies sent out two ships to the Bermudas, warning the colony there " to prepare with all expedition for their de- fence against the Spaniards, whom they understood ere long would visit them." These vessels were sent "the speedier, by reason of some distrusts they tooke of the Spaniards soudaine supplantinge of it in its birth (as not likely to endure patiently such a thorne in his West Indies sides)." One of these ships, the Elizabeth, went on to Vir- ginia, reacliing there May 14, 1613. The other went only 1 PHILIP III. TO VELASCO. 603 to the Bermudas and returned to England prior to May 20, 1613. See CCLXVIIL] CCXLVIIL EDMONDES TO JAMES I. January 26, 1613. Paris, France. Sir Thomas Ed- mondes ^ to James I. ..." Though I make no doubt but that your Majestie is otherwise sufficiently advertised of that which passeth in Spayne ; nevertheless I holde it my duetie to make knowne unto your Majestie that manie advertisements which I have scene both out of Italic and from other partes, doe report, that the intent of the preparations which the King of Spayne maketh by Sea, is certainely to employe the same this Springe for the removing of our plantation in Vir- ginia." CCXLIX. PHILIP III. TO VELASCO. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2572, FOLIO 3. Copy of a rough draft of a letter of H. M. to Don Alonso de Velasco, dated February 13, 1613. "In a letter dated December 14:*'' of the last year of 1611 [CLXXXVIII.] you wrote me that the Ministers of Great Britain had replied to you, that they would order the three prisoners of ours to be brought to London, whom they held in Virginia, and that they would hand them over to you, whereupon we would restore to them the pilot who was taken from the English on the same occasion — and because this man has already been brought to this court, I charge and command you to complete the exchange of aforesaid prisoners, asking that our men be handed over to you and assuring said King or his ministers that the pilot, for whom they ask, will be given up here to their ambassa- dor, 6r to any one they may select — and you will promptly inform me of what may be done in this matter." ^ The English ambassador to France. 604: PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. CCL. THE MASK AT WHITE HALL. " The Memorable Maske of the two Honorable Houses or Inns of Court ; The Middle Temple and Lyncoln's Inne, as it was performed before the King, at White-Hall on Shrove Munday at night ; being the 15^^ of February 1613. At the Princely celebration of the most Royall Nuptialls of the Palsgrave, and this thrice gratious Princesse Elizabeth. Invented and fashioned with the ground and speciall struc- ture of the whole worke, by our Kingdomes most Artful! and Ingenious Architect lamgo Jones. Supplied, Aplied, Digested and Written, by Geo. Chcqwian. London, Printed by G. Eld for George Norton, and are to be sould at his shoppe, neere Temple Bar." Howes says : " At the Mask of The Middle Temple and Lincolnes Inne came two chariots Triumphat, very pleasant and full of state, wherein rode the choyce musicians of this Kingdome in robes llJie to the Vh^ginian priests, with sun- dry devises, all pleasant and significant, with two rankes of Torches," etc. Mr. Neill, in his " Virginia Company of London " (pp. '61, 62), quoting from " Nichols's Progresses, etc., of King James," says : " The chief maskers were in Indian habits, w4th high spriged feathers on their heads, their vezirds of olive coUour, hayre black and lardge waving downe to their shoulders." The musicians were attired like Virginian priests, who Avere supposed to adore the sun, and therefore called Phoebades. On the stage was the representation of rocks and caves, and Plutus, god of riches, was a principal person in the play. The following speech is made by one named Capriccio : " With this dull deity Riches, a rich island lying in the South Sea called Poeana, being for strength and riches called the navill of that South Sea is by Earth's round motion moved near this Brittan shore, in which island being yet in command of the Virginian Cbnti- nent, a troupe of the noblest Virginians inhabiting at- THE MASK AT WHITE HALL. 605 tended hither the God of Riches all tryumphantly shining in a mine of goiild. For hearing of the most royal solem- nity of these sacred nuptials, they crost the Ocean in their honour and are here arrived." In the course of the play Honor and Eunomia allude to the Virginian priests. Honor. " Plutus, the Princes of the Virgine land Whom I made crosse the Britain Ocean To this most famed ile of all the world To do due homage to the sacred nuptials Of Law and Vertue celebrated here By this howre of the holy eve, I know Are ready to perform the rights they owe." After the Virginian princes sing they are addressed by Eunomia. " Virginian Princes, ye must now renounce Your superstitious worship of the Sun, Subject to cloudy darknings and descents ; And of your sweet devotions turne the events To this our Britain Phoebus, whose bright skie Enlighted with a Christian piety Is never subject to black error's night. And hath already offer'd Heaven's true light To your darke region ; which acknowledge now Descend, and to him all your homage vow." Of this celebrated mask, in which the Virginian idea obtained so largely, John Chamberlain wrote to Mrs. Alice Carleton : " London, 18. Feby 1613. ... On Monday night, was the Middle Temple and Lincoln's Inn Masque prepared in the hall of Court, whereas the lords was in the banqueting room. It went from the Rolls, all up Fleet street and the Strand, and made such a gallant and glorious show, that it is highly commended. They had forty gentle- men of best choice out of both houses, and the twelve masquers, with their torch-bearers and pages, rode likewise upon horses exceedingly well trapped and furnished, besides a dozen little boys, dressed like baboons, that served for an anti-masque, and, they say, performed it exceedingly well when they came to it j and three open chariots, drawn Avitli 606 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1G09-JULY, 1614. four horses a piece, that carried their musicians and other personages that had parts to speak. All which, together with their trumpeters and other attendants, were so well set out, that it is generally held for the best show that hath been seen many a day. The King stood in the gallery to behold them, and made them ride about the Tilt Yard, and then they were received into St. James's Park, and so out, all along the galleries, into the hall, where themselves and their devices, which they say were excellent, made such a glittering show, that the King and all the company were exceedingly pleased, and especially with their dancing, which was beyond all that hath been seen yet. The King made the Masters kiss his hand on parting, and gave them many thanks, saying, he never saw so many proper men together, and himself accompanied them at the banquet, and took care it should be well ordered, and speaks much of them behind their backs, and strokes the Master of the rolls [Sir Edward Phillips] and Dick Martin, who were chief doers and uiider-takers." [Mem. — Frederick Prince Palatyne and the Lady Eliza- beth were married on Shrove-Sunday [Saint Valentine's day] the 14th of February, 1613, in his Majesty's Chapell Royall at White Hall, by the Right Reverend father in God, George, Archbishop of Canterbury, assisted by James Mon- tague, Bishop of Bathe and Welles.] CCLI. DIGBY TO JAMES I. February 18, 1613. Madrid. Digbye to James I. ..." It is true that they do make ready their Fleet at Lisbone. . . . The only action which I conceave jDOSsible (and indeed something probable) for them to enter into, is to Essay the removing of the English from their Plantation in Verginea ; the which they here generally profess, touch- eth this King (both in Honor and likewise in prevention of the inconvenience, which the English setling there may pro- LETTER FROM LISBON. 607 cure to their "West Indies) not to permitt. And this verie day, they have clapped vip into close prison Clarke the English Pilot, whome two yeares since they brought from Virginea, having formerly used him well, and permitted him his libertie, only being attended by a keeper. . . . " yf they attempt anything against Verginea it will be the West Indian gaUeons from the Havana, in the island of Cuba, with the forces of those parts. I do meane presently to send downe a couple of fitt persons, whome I have pro- vided to enter themselves into this King's service in his Navie, who I hope mlbe able to attaine in some part, to the knowledge of their intents, and to advertise me from time to tune, of such things as they shalbe able to learne." CCLIL LETTER FROM LISBON. February 11, 1613. " An abstract out of a letter written from Lisborne bearing date the 21. of februarye 1613. st'do novo. " Here is upon the suddaine comaundment geven for the preparinge thirteene sayle of shippinge to bee readye to sett sayle by the 25'*' of march next : — First they are to sayle unto Cadiz there to take in soldiers munition and victuals ; from thence it is divulo-ed among^st the common sort that they are to goe unto the Bermudas there to inhabit, others say playnelye that they goe where the English shall pay for it, which is for Virginia, for that is the marke they shoote at, as theire owne proceedings doe manifest. For in theire entertainment they receive of all nations that will offer themselves to goe m this ser\dce : Almains, Italians, French and Irish ; but neyther English, Scottish nor Dutch wiU be permitted nor entertayned to goe in the voyadge. To such straungers as will come . . . there shall be geven 9 months pay before hand." 608 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. CCLIII. A BROADSIDE BY THE COUNCIL. Written between February and May, 1613. It is No. 135 in the " Catalogue of Broadsides " in the possession of the Society of Antiquaries of London, 1866. I know of no other copy. " By his Maiesties Councell for Virginia. " Whereas sundrie the adventurers to Virginia in their zeale to that memorable worke, the plantation of that coun- try with an EngHsh Colonic, for the establishing of the Gospell there, and the Honour of our King and Country, have published a little standing Lotterie consisting but of 12 pence for every Lot. And therein have proportioned to the adventurers more then the one halfe to be repayed in money, of faire Prizes without any abatement, besides sundry other Welcomes and Rewards ; hoping that the inhabitants of this honourable citie adventuring even but small summes of money, would have soone supplied so little a summe appointed to so good a worke : Which wee did purpose to draw out in Candlemas Tearme last ; yet now seeing that the slow bringing in of their money hath crossed our intents, either because there was no certaine day nominated for the drawing thereof, or for some lewd aspertions that no good successe was likely to ensue to this action. " Wee doe therefore signifie, that a month past, We sent away a ship thither with her competent number of good men and munition, and doe purpose continually to supply them to the utmost of our meanes. The rather for that wee have information from them, that they are now able to subsist of themselves, and want only more able labouring men, and convenient clothing for them. " In consideration whereof. We do certifie all men, that we do purpose (God willing) to begin the drawing of this Lotterie the 10. day of May next. And that the last day of bringing in any money shall be the 3. day of the same moneth. Betwixt which times the books shall be brought in, and made up, and the Lots written out proportionable according to the moneys that shall come in. CHARTER GRANTED TO THE RUSSIA COMPANY. 609 " Imprinted by Felix Kingston for William Well)y, dwell- ing at the Signe of the Swanne in Pauls Churchyard, 1613." CCLIV. DIGBY TO JAMES I. March 5, 1613, Madrid. Digbye to James I. ..." I am advertised from Sevill and Lisbone, that they use all possible dilligence for the making ready of the ship- ping and soldiers ... so that by the end of Aprill they in- tend certeynely to put to Sea. Those that I imploye send me word that they every day growe more to doubt, that there wilbe something attempted against the Plantation in Verginea, and they are strengthened in tliis their beleife, for that though they have so greate want of men, that they have made publique Proclamations, that whosoever will serve in this voyage shall receave nine monethes pay beforehand, yet they refuse to admitt of English, Scottish and Holland- ers, but not of Irish. But men of good judgement here in Court (and in whome I have reason to have some confidence) assure me that there is no such intent : But howsoever it wilbe requisite that those of Verginea live in a Continuall expectation of being assailed, for first or last, the Spaniards will certeynely attempt them, for therof they make already publique profession." CCLV. CHARTER GRANTED TO THE RUSSIA COMPANY. March 13, 1613. King James granted new letters patents to the Muscovy Company " enlarging their Priv- ileges." " As the Company had been at vast charges in fitting out great Numbers of ships for the discovery of New Countries, Isles &c. And had discovered several countiies, the trade whereof, is of very great advantage to this Nation, viz ; Cherry Islands, Greenland, Nova Zembla, Davyes's Streights, Grooneland, Hudson's Bay, New foundland, the North of America : as will at large appear by the Journals kept by 610 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1G14. • their commanders, in the said voyages, and registered in the High Court of Admii-alty." — Strype. This charter exchided all others from the seal and whale fisheries of the northern ocean, Greenland, Spitzbergen, etc. This company was managed by nearly the same officers as the East India and Virginia companies. CCLVI. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. London, March (14-25?), 1613. ..." The elder Taylor, that was in the Gate-house, hath found the means to escape, so that now they are both gone. The keeper is committed, and a Florentine that served the Lord Vaux, as suspected to be privy to his escape. For my part, I am not sorry to be rid of them ; for, though they were notorious rascals, yet I know not what we should have done ^dth them. Yet it was in consultation to send them to Virginia; but I see not to what purpose." . . . CCLVII. PHILIP III. TO VELASCO. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMAXCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2572, FOLIO 7. Copy of an extract from a letter of H. M. to Don Alonso de Velasco, dated Madrid, April 1, 1613. " There has been received what you say in your letters of January 22^ and 23^ as to the subject of the marriage of the Palatine — and as to the ^^reparations made for Vir- ginia — and I am well pleased with the zeal which you show in keeping me informed of all that comes to your knowledge — and I shall be still more so, if you succeed in finding out what really goes on so as to give me an account of it — and if you can find decent and secret means for it, I shall be glad for you to prevent that marriage. " * ^ Tlie marriage had already taken King, bishop of London, wrote to place, at an earlier day, I take it, than Carletou : " The festivals have passed, expected. On February 27, John not without caution against some prae- RICHARD HUMBLE, EsQUiRE CRASHAW'S EPISTLE DEDICATORY. 611 [Mem. — " James by his letters patent dated March 29, 1613, in his eleventh year, incorporated the Irish Society, by the name of ' The Governor and Assistants of the New Plantation in Ulster, within the realm of Ireland.' * A new county was thereby erected, which, uniting the old name of Derry with its new Masters, the Corporations and Companies of London, is now called London-Derry.' This new settlement was mapped and divided by the Irish So- ciety, as nearly as could be, into twelve equal parts; and the twelve companies,^ who had equally contributed to the raising of the £60,000, drew lots for their several shares." — Herbert's " Hist, of the Twelve Livery Companies of Lou- don."] CCLVIII. CRASHAW'S EPISTLE DEDICATORY. I do not know the exact date of pubhcation of CCXXIX., CCXXX., and CCLVIII., as it seems they were not entered for publication at Stationers' Hall; but as CCLIX. was probably published in April, 1613, and as CCLVIII., which probably preceded it, was evidently printed after CCXLV. I suppose we may place their publication about February or March, 1613. I have already given Whitaker's letter (CCXXIX.) and extracts from his book (CCXXX.). They were published with the following title : — " Good Newes from Viroinia. Sent to the Councell and o Company of Virginia, resident in England. From Alex- ander Whitaker, The Minister of Henrico in Virginia. Wherein Also is a Narration of the present State of that country, and our Colonies there. Perused and published by direction from that counsell. And a Preface prefixed of tise so nmch prognosticated. The in the American enterprise ; but these King shows his people that he will companies, as corporate bodies, soon not be surprised sleeping. Rome transferred their interest in the far would be mistress of the Church, and distant Virginia plantations, and de- Spain of Nations." voted tht mselves to their lands in ^ Very many merchants of London Ireland, nearer at hand, as individuals continued their interest 612 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. some matters touching that Plantation very requisite to be made knowne. At London. Imprinted by Felix Kyngston for William Welby, and are to be sold at his shop in Paul's Churchyard at the signe of the Swanne. 1613." The "Preface prefixed" is really W. Crashaw's "Epistle Dedicatorie" (CCLVIII.). Originals, worth over $500 each, are preserved in the hbraries of Congress, Carter-Brown, and Mr. Kalbfleisch. I have never seen a complete reprint. Some extracts are given by Mr. Neill in his " Virginia Company," and by Professor Tyler in his " History of American Literature." Crashaw had a wonderful command of language and used a great many words in expressing his ideas. His " Epistle Dedicatorie " contains over 7,000 words. I cannot give the whole of it ; but as it has never been printed in this country I will give enough of it to show its character, and then make some extracts from the remainder. I quote from the book as printed, noting the pages ex- tracted from. [p. ii.] " To The Right Honorable, My very Good Lord, Raph Lord Uere, Lord President of Wales : Con- tinuance and encrease of all Honor and happinesse, from Christ Jesus. " Right Honorable, amongst the many discouragements that have attended this glorious businesse of the Virginian plantation ; none hath been so frequent, and so forcible, as the calumnies and slanders, raised upon our Colonies, and the Countrey it selfe. These being debased by the Divell and set abroach by idle and base companions, are blowen abroad by Papists, Players and such like, till they have filled the vulgar eares : And having once entred, then they run (like wilde fire) from man to man : for as wilde fire, hardly findes a house which is not matter combus- tible ; so these idles tales hardly meete a man who gives not (passage at the least, if not) credit to them : where- CRASHAW'S EPISTLE DEDICATORY. 613 upon the Divell and his cassociates (of all sorts) [p. iii.] hold and practise this rule, as a sure Maxime, speake anything, some will beleeve it : be it never so false, some will entertaine it, Truth and Inno- Caiumniare ceneie shall never so wipe it off, but some thino" ^^/i^cter, A ' o ahqiud will stick behind. Our onely Comforts is (next bseret. « to the assurance of God's acceptation of the worke) that men of honourable minds, and ingenuous dispositions, and all that are godly-wise, will check and controule these idle and slanderous surmises, as they meet with them : and for their better assistance, encouragement and direction in so doing, our Counsell and Govern ours hold it needfuU to make knowne to the world, such relations and informations as we receive from thence, from men of judgement and experience, and of approved faithfulnesse and integritie. And there- fore though this ensuing Treatise (written by Master Whitaker, one of our Ministers in Virginia) was spoken there, and sent hither rather for the private use and en- couragement of such, whose purses heere, or persons there, were engaged in the action, then with any intent to make it publike : yet for the reasons aforesaid, it was held fit after mature consideration to divulge it, that so the naked and plaine truth, may give a just affront to the cunning and coloured falsehoods devised by the enemies of this Planta- tion. And because the man was once so well knowne to me (as he is still, and ever shall be beloved of me) I was desired by them, that may command mee, to peruse the originall itself e, and for that I had (as they probably thought) some knowledge of his hand, to consider whether truly or suspiciously it bore his name. And if [p. iv.] I found cause of the least suspicion, to reject it : but if, by true and infallible tokens, to be his hand, then to give some testimony to the world of a truth so evi- dent ? " Two points therefore I perceive needfull to bee made knowne, which I desire all men to take notice of, from mee, who have pecuhar reason to know them both, so well, as 614 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. few or no other can : first, who the Author is ; and then, The first whether this come undoubtedly from him or no. MasteTwhit- " The Author is Master Alexander Whitaker, akeristhat Preaclicr to the Colonic at Henrico, under the wrote this ' Treatise. govcmment of tlic valorous and worthy Knight Sir Thomas Dale, with whom also he went: he was sonne to that reverend renowned Doctor Whitaker : a Master of Arts of five or six yeares standing in Cambridge ; was seated in the North-Countrey, where he was well approved by the greatest, and beloved of his people, and had com- petent allowance to his good liking, and was in a good pos- sibility of better living, as any of his time : he had also some meanes of his owne left him by his parents : all which notwithstanding, he meerely of himselfe, for ought I know, entertained a purpose of going to Virginia, to assist that Christian plantation in the function of a Preacher of the Gospell. And having after many distractions and com- bates with himselfe (as he told me) settled his resolution, that God called him thither, and therefore he would goe : He accordingly made it good notwithstanding the earnest, diswasions of many his nearest friends, and the great dis- couragements which he daily heard of, touch- [p. v.] ing the businesse and Countrey itselfe : and ar- rived there with Sir Thomas Dale, by a very speedy and safe passage (scarce of eight weekes long) in May 1611. from whence he hath since then written many com- fortable letters, both to the Counsell and Committies, and his private friends : and of late (after he had beene there a yeare and more) hath sent us this little Treatise, which as I The Second ^uow assurcdly to come from him, and to be a point: That great part of it written, and all of it subscribed ediy his, and with liis owuc liaud. So I dare say if he had h^'owne" ^ thought wcc would liavc published it, he would hand. otherwise have adorned it : for I know (and so do others that know him) hee is able to have written it in Latine or in Greeke, and so to have decked it both for phrase and stile, and other ornaments of learning and Ian- CRASHAW'S EPISTLE DEDICATORY. 615 guage, as might shew him no unworthye soiine of so wor- thy a father : And I dare say, if he live (be it in England or Virginia) he will in due time manifest to the world by true and good evidence, that God hath made him heire, as of divers of the holy vertues, so of a good part of the learning of his renowned father. And the more liberall am I in giving him his due, the further he is off mee, and by that meanes can be the lesse sensible of it. " Nor speake I this so much for his sake (though I love him above many, and know it above any other) whose owne deeds will sufficiently approve him. As for the truth which is so much suppressed, and that Christian plantation so much disparaged in this base world : for are they not so impudent as to say ; who go thither but base and bankerupt persons, and who have no meanes [p. vi.] of their owne ? or else such as are perswaded and wrought upon to go ? And when they come there, are they not starved, and do they not die Hke dogges? But how false this is in respect of the Countrey, the narration interlaced in this discourse from him that lives there, will declare : and how slanderous the other is to the persons, I shall in some sort make it appeare. " I therefore hereby let all men know (and malice itselfe shall never disprove it) that a Schollar, a Graduate, a Preacher, well borne, and friended in England, not in debt nor disgrace, but competently provided for, and Hked, and beloved where he Hved, not in want, (but for a scholler, and as these days be) rich in possession, and more in possibilitie, of himselfe without any perswasion (but Gods, and his owne heart) did voluntarily leave his warme nest, and to the wonder of his kindred, and amazement of them that knew him, undertooke this hard, but in my Judgement, heroicall resolution to go to Virginia, and helpe to beare the name of God unto the Gentiles. Men may muse at it ; some may laugh, and others wonder at it. But will you know the reason? God will be g-lorified in his owne workes, and what he hath determined to do, hee will find 616 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. meanes to bring to passe, for the perfecting- therefore, of this blessed worke ; he hath stirred up able and worthie men to undertake the manning and managing of it : Magis- tracie and Ministery are the strength and sinewes ; nay the very life and being of a Christian body politique. There- fore seeing without these all emptying of purses heere, and ventering of persons thither, is to no pur- [p. vii.] pose. God in his wisdome provided, and in his mercie provoked, godly and able men to furnish both these functions : and such as miaht at home have lived in place of honour and command, or in fashion com- petent and convenient to their conditions. " And this. Right Honorable, is one of the foure Argu- ments, and as it were plaine demonstrations, that have con- vinced mee to beleeve that assuredly God himselfe is the founder, and favourer of this Plantation. And I will crave leave of your Lordship to put them downe, because I am of minde, that the want either of knowledge, cr consideration hereof, hath beene, and is the cause of the error and mis- prision of the world, touching this busmes ; and do thinke that if men did ruminate, and advisedly consider of these particulars, they would reprove themselves for their former thoughts, and say plainly. Digitus Dei est hie. " 1. The marvellous and indeed miraculous deliverance of our worthy Governours, Sir Thomas Gates, Liefetenant generall, and Sir George Somers, Admirall, with all their Company, of some hundred and fiftie persons, upon the feared and abhorred Hands of the Barmudaes, without losse of one person, when the same houre nothing was before their eyes, but imminent and inevitable death ; as never ship came there that perished not, so never was it hoard of, that any ship wrackt there, but with the death of all or most of the people, save onely this of ours. Oh how the world should have rung of it ere this, if a [p. viii.] farre lesse deliverance had happened to any of the Jesuiticall plantations : and surely the Coun- sell of Virjrinia doe wronof themselves and the businesse : CRASHAW'S EPISTLE DEDICATORY. 617 nay they must oive me leave to tell them they obscure the glorie of God, if they take not order, that a full compleate and ijlaine narration of that whole action, both danger and deliverance be published to the world. [See CCLIX.] " 2. The full disco verie (by meanes of their former deliverance) of those Barmuda Hands, which hitherto have beene held in the world, as inaccessible . . . and [Extracts given up to the divels power . . . are found a ^'^s'"-^ habitation of such safetie and securitie (having no enemie within nor any to be feared without, because the entrance is so difficult :) and of such plentie of all things for life. ... as for the present they bee even as a new life [CCX.] and a seminarie to Virginia. . . . [p. ix.] " 3. The speciall and most fatherly providence of God over this action, in upholding it when man had for- saken it, and giving it life againe when man had left it for dead : for had not Sir Thomas Gates and Sir George Som- ers come into Virginia from the Barmudaes even when they did, the poore Colonic (which during that year of their absence, by enduring the miserie of mis-government,^ had fallen into all extremitie of distresse) had been gone away, and our Plantation possessed by the Savages : and (which was much more miraculous) when they being come in, and in all about 240. persons, and in such extreame miserie and faminine, as the Honorable Commander was even forced to yeeld to that which others moved (but himselfe had rather have died then done) namely to put themselves to the Sea to come for England, and quit the countrey : and when this (full sore against his heart) was put in execution, and every man aboord, their Ordenance and Armour buried, and not an English soule left in James Towne, and giving 1 The disasters of this time made stating the fact that the trouble was "varnished reports," as the managers really " the sickness " and not " misgov- of the enterprise called them, neces- ernment" As a further proof of this sary, and the truth was not then fact, when De la Warr left Virginia in known to Crashaw 5/ Earl of Mmirhn^ln MOLINA TO VELASCO. 651 believe Charity to be extinct yet in Spain, and think it must be excited in you by a man who leaves here poor and sick, who cannot make any use of his good parts, and i£ I shall have to remain here long-, I shall be no less in need of your assistance. By the information of this man, who will tell you what I endure you might assist me with some shipstores, such as brought here for certain private persons, and espe- cially linen and cloth for clothing ourselves, this man and myself, since we go naked or so ragged, that it amounts to the same ; not being able to change shnts for a month, because as the soldiers say, my shirts are odd and do not amount to three. I trust in God, who will assist me, since He begins already by giving me health after eleven months, during which I had none. I have not space enough to write to His Majesty and you will be able to do it, inform- ing him of all I state. " May God preserve you, as I desire it. From Virginia, May 28"' (as it is counted in Spain) 1613. " K you have the Key to my cipher you can Avrite to me in the same cipher ; but this letter goes between the soles of a shoe, where it is sewed in, and thus I trust to God that I have not done wrong in writing in this manner. At first when I came here, I wrote to His Majesty a letter which required some interpretation and I addressed it, with some others to you. I do not know if you have received it. I hoped I would be able to send a description of this country^ but the public nature of my lodging does not permit it ; but the most important feature is the Bay which extends N. W. - S. E — and at the distance of four leagues from the mouth is this river in a Southerly direction, with 9 fathoms depth. At the entrance there is a fort, or, to say more cor- rectly a [flaco de tablas ?] ten hands high, with 25 soldiers and 4 iron ofuns. Half a leaofue from here there is another one, but smaller, with 15 soldiers, without artillery. There is still another smaller one, all of which are inland, half a league off, against the Indians ; this has 15 soldiers more. Twenty leagues higher up is this Colony with 150 persons and 6 guns. 652 PERIOD in. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. Still higher up, twenty leagues off, is another strongly situ- ated settlement, to which all of them will be taken, when the occasion arrives, because there they place their hope. Here there are a hundred persons more and among them as among the peo]3le here there are women, boys and field labourers, so that there remain not quite two hundred effec- tive men and they are badly disciphned. "Don Diego de Molino." CCLXXIX. MOLINA TO VELASCO. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMAXCAS. DEPARTMEXT OF STATE, VOLUME 2590, FOLIO Ul. Copy o£ a holographic letter of Don Diego de Molina to Don Alonso de Velasco, dated Virginia, July 8, 1613. " When I was captured in this province I wrote to you and to His Majesty, and addressed my letters to the care of the President of the Merchants Board, who have repeatedly assured me that they were handed to you — on which account I am very much astonished, that you have never replied to me, even as a comfort in so long a capti^dty — and thus I determined not to do it again, but to leave in God's hands as in the hands of a Father of Mercy and Compassion all my affairs. But ha\ing asked Mr Thomas Guietz [Gates] the Governor of this countr}^, to send me on board the ship that is now saihng, to that kingdom, he has replied to me and actually ordered me to write to you beseeching you to manage it so that Master Clare [Clark] be restored and I be at once taken to Spain. If it be not for any other reason of yours, I shoidd venture to trust the word of the Boaid, because the men of this nation, who do not like to bind themselves much, pride themselves much to keep their word, and thus it seems to me that if they offer to send me to Spain as soon as the others (are surrendered) in England this exchange might be made without any diffi- culty whatever. I understand very well that you will have MOLINA TO YELASCO. 653 left no means iintiied, but one who is suffering, always likes to speak of liis own affairs and suggest something that might be of advantage to him. I beseech you to do in this matter all that you can do, since it is a righteous cause. Here they have certainly treated me with great courtesy and Mr. Thomas Guiets has been a father to me, to whom I am greatly indebted, — and everybody here in particular, have shown me such love, that if I had been in need, they would have assisted me with everything that I coidd have needed — but as all the necessaries of life are provided by the Government and as there are many private persons here, there are given out to them every year provisions and cloth and fine linen for clothes, and I have desired to request that the same be done to me, so that I may not be compelled to weary the Governor and to exhaust the good will which he shows to myself and to the sailor who came with me, and who they say is an Englishman and a pilot — a thing very new to me who have always taken him for a Spaniard of Aragon, as he himself asserts. — and as Marco Antonio Perez the soldier who died here fifteen months ago, told me, has assured him that he came from the same country and on account of their intimacy, asked him to embark and to provide him with something from the Havan- nah to Spain. His captivity and mine are very free and we go about in the same manner as if we were Enghshmen. They are certainly courteous and kindly disposed. Captain Adams, who sails in this vessel and it is understood will soon retume in it, I have asked to speak with you about my business, primary and secondary, about food and wear- ing apparel, because with that, they say, troubles are less. He will carry everything you may give him, for so he has promised me, and above all I beseech you, write to me, and if you do not do it, upon my word, this is my last, because, although a prisoner, I have my [juntos y collares ?]. Par- don me, I pray, my eccentricity, and may Our Lord protect you as I desire, since all my affairs are summed up in this letter, and in my previous letters I gave you an account of 654 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. all that I did until I was captured and the manner in which my misfortune came about. " From Virginia, July S*'^ 1613, according to the Grego- rian Calendar. "Don Diego de Molina." CCLXXIX. was probably not forwarded to Philip III. ; it was evidently only a bHnd intended to be shown for the purpose of deceiving the EngHsh. CCLXXX. PHILIP III. TO GONDOMAR. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2572, FOLIO 17. Copy of a draft of a letter of H. M. to Don Diego Sarmi- ento de Acuria, dated San Lorenzo, August 10, 1613. " I have these last days, written to the Ambassador Don Alonso de Velasco in reply to another letter of his what you will see in the enclosed copy on the subject of the free- dom of three sailors from Spain, who had been captured in Virginia — and since it is not known as yet whether they have come back to that kingdom, nor what is done in this special case — I charge and command you to ascertain the state of this question. You will endeavour with great energy to secure these three sailors their freedom, taking for this purpose all such measures as may be most efficient, in conformity with the contents of the aforesaid copy — and you will promptly inform me of whatever may . . ." CCLXXXI. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. Chamberlain to Carleton. " From Ware-Parke this first of August 1613." ..." Arthur Ingram for his good service was Knighted before the Kings going. I heard not long since that the younge Lady Rich is brought a bed of a daughter at Ken- sington. The Countesse of Cumberland wife of the now CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. 655 Earle is lately dead and so is old Simons of Oxfordshire. . . . There is a ship come from Virginia with newes of theyre well doing, which puts some life into that action, that before was almost at the last cast. They have taken a daughter of a King that was theyre greatest ennemie, as she was going a feasting upon a river to visit certain frends : for whose ransome the father offers whatsoever is in his power, and to become theyre frend, and to bring them where they shall meet with gold mines : they pro- pound unto him three conditions, to deliver all the English fugitives, to render all manner of amies or weapons of thevrs that are come to his handes and to g-eve them 300 quarters of corne. The two first he performed redehe and promiseth the other at theyre harvest. Yf his daughter maybe well used in the meanetime. But this Ship brought no commodities from thence but only these fayre tales and hopes. Marrie touching at the Bermudaes she hath brought thence some quantitie of perle, and between 20 and 30 pound weight of ambergreece worth £900. at least ; and by the next that is to come thence they are' promised to have a return of fowre times as much. " When the business of Virginia was at the highest, in that heat, many gentlemen and others were drawn by pei"- swasion and importunitie of frends to underwrite theyre names for adventurers, but when yt came to the payment (specially the second or third time) theyre handes were not so redy to go to theyre purses as they were to the paper, and in the end flatly refused, wherupon they are sued by the companie in the Chauncerie, where this action findes such favor that they have redy dispatch, and the underwriters are forced to make payment, which amounts to a round summe, between three and fowre thousand pound : among the rest your cousen Will. Lytton was drawne on by Sir Walter Cope with perswasion that he shold not neede to adventure anything unles he list, but only to geve his name for incouragement to others and for a countenance to the cause : but now yt comes to the reckening he is faine 656 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULy, 1G14. to disburse £40. and his frend Sir Walter cannot protect him, et sic solet heare (sic) amicus." . . . CCLXXXII. DIGBY TO JAMES I. August 15, 1613. Madrid. Digbye to James I. . . . "'Desire of this State to maintain peace : they med- dle not in slight or uncertain enterprises : if they were fit for war, and that any occasion of important advantage were ofPered, they would not omit to layhold of it ; But herein I restraine myself to these parts of the world, for that I knowe they would have attempted the removing of the English from Verginea, but that they are certeynly informed ; the Buisines will fall of itself. And within these two daies I knowe both the Councell of Warr and of State, have satt about the over throwing of our new plantation in the Bermudas ; of the resolution taken therin, your Majes- tic shall, I hope, by my next, be particularly advertised." [Mem. — " Gondomar (to call him by a title not yet con- ferred on him as count, though he possessed the name seignorially) landed at Portsmouth, as Philip the Third's Ambassador, at the close of July, 1613." — " Life of Ra- legh," by Edwards, vol. i. p. 571. The exact date of his arrival in London I do not know. In his letter to the king, of September 25 (0. S.), (CCLXXXVIL), he mentions having previously written regarding the English- American colonies on the 27th of August (0. S.) ; but I have not found a copy of this letter, which was probably his first on the subject. In the same letter (CCLXXXVIL) he mentions having received from the king, on August 30 (0. S.), two letters, one CCLXXX., and the other of August 2o> which has not been found.] PHILIP III. TO VELASCO. 657 CCLXXXIII. THE HARCOURT COLONY. August 28, 1613. " Grant to Robert Harcourt, Sir Thomas Challoner and John Rovenson [Robenson], and to the heirs of Harcourt, of all that part of Guiana or continent of America, between the rivers Amazon and Dollesquebe," etc. — Grant Book, Domestic, Jac. I., p. 126. " A Relation of a Voyage to Guiana, Describing the Climat, Situation &c of that Country. . . . The Pattent for the Plantation of which Country, his Maiestie hath ofranted to the said Robert Harcourt under the Great Seale. ... At London Printed by John Beale, for W. Welby. . . . 1613." Dedicated to Prince Charles. Now worth $125. CCLXXXIV. DIGBY TO JAMES L Madrid, September 3, 1613. Digbye to James I. ..." Touching Verginea ; The Spanish Ambassador in England hath receaved Letters from Molina the Spaniard that is there, of the misery and distress in which they live ; So that it is determined by this Councell, not to speake any more in that Buisines, being a thing (they suppose) which will die of itself ; only it is ordered that the Spanish Ambas- sador shall represent unto your Majestic, the yll usage that the Spaniards have had in Verginea, and that one of them is dead with Huno^er, notwithstandinof that the Ensflish Pilot which was brought from thence and is here, hath beene verie well used." CCLXXXV. PHILIP III. TO VELASCO. ^ GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2572, FOLIO 22. Copy of a deciphered letter of H. M. to Don Alonso de Velasco, dated San Lorenzo, September 14, 1613. "I have seen your letter of the 2*^ ult. [CCLXXVH.] 658 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. and also that which came with it from Virginia from Don Diego de MoHna [CCLXXVIII.], and I am thus made aware of all that is there said of the state of things in those countries. It will be well and I charge you, to succour him in the way which he suggests to you, with all the stores, cloth and Hnen he asks for, so that his sufferings may be somewhat relieved and his captivity eased. I also charge you to present to your King new and urgent remon- strances, so that they may as promptly as possible bring the said Don Diego over here, telling him how the Ensign Marco Antonio has died there (calling him however a sailor), and how his pilot here is well treated, and that in justice the treatment ought to be the same, Molina being- treated there as his pilot is treated here — and you will report to me all that ..." [Mem. — The Martha returned from the Bermudas about the 19th of September, bringing the second third part of the " amber-greece."] CCLXXXVI. DIGBY TO JAMES L Madrid, September 22, 1613. Digby to James I. (In cypher-deciphered.) ..." Heere is lately amved a Poste from the newe Spanish Ambassadour,^ And I have founde meanes to come by a sighte of his dispatche.^ . . . " Hee (the ambassador) advertizethe further diverse things concerninge Don Alonso de Velasco's departure and your Majesties bountie in presenting him : As likewise of ye state of our people in Virginia. And of ye course which is helde in ye newe Plantation of ye Vermudos." 1 Gondomar, who has succeeded had bribed Yelasco. I suppose this is Velasco. the letter of i'LPV"'''2?.'' mentioned in 2 From this it seems that Gondomar CCLXXXVII., which has not been insinuated that the King of England found. GONDOMAR TO PHILIP III. 659 CCLXXXVII. GONDOMAR TO PHILIP III. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2590, FOLIOS 118, 119. Copy of an original letter of Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuiia to H. M., dated London, October 5, 1613. " Sire. " Y. M.'s letters of the 10"^ ^ and 20*^ ^ August were re- ceived by me on the 9'^ ult : Avith a copy of what Y. M. or- dered to be written to Don Alonso de Velasco, on February 7"' of this year/ concerning the release of Don Diego de MoHna, who is a prisoner in Virginia — in which Y. M. com- mands me to make every effort that may be necessary, until the desired result be obtained. In compliance with this I have tried to inform myself as to the condition in which this matter is, and I have ascertained that more than a year ago this Kinsf here ordered Don Dieoo de Molina and his com- panions to be exchanged for the English pilot, who is in Spain and that this order has not been carried out because nothing was known of this pilot until now and because there was no opportunity of getting Don Diego de Molina here. And havino[" renewed now the remonstrances which Don Alonso de Velasco had presented on this subject, I have caused the merchants of the Vu-ginia-Board to be compelled to have Don Diego de Molina and his companions brought over here to be put into my hands, with the first ship that comes, and now Antonio de Acosta, a Portuguese merchant, an honorable man, who resides here, thro' who at the same time the English pilot in Spain will be handed over to the ambassador of this King, with which an order will be dis- patched by a vessel * which sails within 20 days from here to 1 Philip III.'s letter of aS^'o, 1613, * The Elizabeth, which sailed Octo- CCLXXX. bor 14th, on the nineteenth day there- 2 Philip III.'s letter of Au^st J^th, after, thus showing that Gondoraar 1G13. Not found. was correctly informed on tliis point. 8 Philip III.'s letter of /ebTJjIth, But he is not generally more accurate 1613. Not found. than the previous ambassadors. 660 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. Virginia, that the Governor shall send Diego de Molina to this city, him and his companions by the first opportunity that may offer. By this vessel I shall send him some sup- plies of cloth and linen and some money, so that he may be able to dress himself more suitably than he says he is now able to do. Y. M. commands me to have him brought over and I hope that within six months this shi2) will be back here and that these men will come in her. " Considering that Colony and Bermuda I reported to Y. M. on the 6"* ult : ^ as to the state in which they are, and desirous to ascertain the correctness of that information, I have examined several persons of those who have come from Virginia in the last ship, and they all agree upon this : That there is a good bar and the entry into the harbour is by a river higher up — that upon the river they have erected five fortifications : the first Gomes [James] which is the name of this King here in English ; the second is called ' Hen- erique ' after the Prince who died ; the third is Charles, like the one who came to-day ; ^ Point Comfort the fourth, and Fort Henry the fifth ; and these forts are surrounded with earthworks, on which they plant their artillery. The Com- mander is now Don Thomas Gates, and Marshall Don Thomas Dale; there are about three hundred men there more or less ; and the majority sick and badly treated, because they have nothing to eat but bread of maize, with fish ; nor do they drink anything but water — all of which is contrary to the nature of the English — on which account they all wish to return and would have done so if they had been at liberty. " The cattle which they take with them from here does not produce, nor does it improve, because there is but scanty and bad grazing on the fields. " The Savages and natives of the Country stand in bad ^ Gondomar's letter to Philip III. of had found out something of the con- Sf ptcmber 6 not found. It was received tents. See CCLXXXVI. prior to September 22d, when Digby ^ That is, the third is called Charles after the present prince. Bishol> "/BU,t/i and If •.//,< GONDOMAR TO PHILIP III. 661 relations to them and no Englishman can leave his fort with- out runninsT ffreat risk of his Hfe. When the General some- times goes a hunting, he takes a guard with him to protect Iiis person. " Nothing is brought from Virginia, of any importance, but there is an abundance of good timber for ship building. " In Bermuda there is as a Captain and Governor, a Mas- ter Mour, who was a carpenter in this city. It is about six days that a ship ^ from there arrived here, and it brings sixty-four pounds of Ambergris, which is sold in this city at fourteen ducats an ounce ; it also brings some of the wheat that has been sown there, which, however, I am told, does not produce very well. " They have erected there a fort which is well intrenched, and with some few pieces of artillery and eighty persons, counting men and women, as I reported to Y. M., in my let- ter of the 6"' ult : and on this subject there is nothing new to be added. " Don Thomas Esmit [Smith] who is President of the Merchants' Council and Board, who have maintained and still maintain those Colonies at their own expense, has given us to understand that they have spent as much as forty-six thousand pound sterling in this enterprise, which make in our money a hundred and eighty four thousand dollars, countinjr the dollar at ten reales. All this has been contrib- uted by merchants and has been obtained by some lotteries which they have had here, and without costing the King a single real. But weary of spending so much money without any hope of reaping a profit, because the soil produces nothing, they now think of carrying all the people that are there to Bermuda or to Ireland by the coming Spring.^ For the ship Avhich they now are dispatching, they have 1 The Martha. quently very few, if any, people out- 2 A great deal of this talk was evi- side of the council were correctly in- dently intended to mislead the Span- formed as to the facts. Thus it hap- iard. From the beginning the enter- pened people were misinformed then, prise was necessarily carried on with and have been misled since. great diplomacy and secrecy. Conse- 662 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1G14. found only low and lost people to sail in it, because it has become known that of the thousand persons who last year went there, and of the few who were still there, up to now more than eight hundred have died, so that there remained there only three hundred. " May God preserve Your Catholic Majesty, as all Chris- tendom needs it ! " London, October 5*^ 1613. " Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuna." CCLXXXVIII. EDMONDES TO JAMES I. Sir Thomas Edmondes to King James. Paris, France, October 11, 1613. ..." I understand, that they are nothing well satisfied here, . . . that the french shippes were hindred this yeare by the English from the making of anie benefitt of the whale fishing at Greenland ; ^ which discontentment is also further aggravated by another advertisement which is come hither that the English shippes at Virginia ^ tooke a french shipe, which was going to make a plantation in those partes, and killed diverse of the men ; but as they here say, used greatest crueltie against certaine Jesuittes which were in the said shippe." CCLXXXIX. DIGBY TO JAMES I. Madrid, Spain, October 13, 1613. Sh John Digbye to James I. In reference to the dispatch of the Spanish ambassador, he says : " It is appointed, That for the business of Vir- ^ These voyages of Captain Joseph ter of March 13, 1613 ; accounts of and Captain Argall caused a great the voyage will be found in Purchas, commotion at the time. The first will iii. pp. 716, etc., and Archreologia be mentioned several times hereafter Americana, iv. pp. 239-314. Argall's in these documents. It only belongs voyage is of course frequently men- to this work in an illustrative way. tioned hereafter. The expedition sailed under the char- PHILIP III. TO GONDOMAR. 663 ofinea and the Bermudos, his advertisements be made known unto the Counsell of the Indies, and that ye Spanish Ambassador bee willed to advertise what hee shall farther heare of them ; and that ye Spanish Ambassador particu- larly labour to gett the liberty of Don Diego Mohna, the Spaniard that was left in Virginea." [Mem. — On the 14th of October, 1613, the EKzabeth, Captain Adams, sailed from England to Virginia via the Bermudas, taking potatoes to the island and silkworms to Virginia.] CCXC. PHILIP III. TO GONDOMAR. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2572, FOLIO 27. Copy of an extract from a deciphered letter of H. M. to Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuna, dated Ventosa, October 24, 1613. " It was well in you to give me an account of what has become known concerning Bermuda and Virginia, and I shall be pleased if you continue, so that here may be done whatever may be proper — and you will carry out the exchange which has been agreed upon, of Don Diego de Molina and the sailor with him, for the EngUsh pilot who is here — remembering that the said Don Diego is likewise called a sailor, which you must use instead of the other name, so as to prevent any difficulty in the exchange — and you will attend to the matter of clothing and provisions as he has requested." ^ 1 This request was made in move the EngUsh from Virginia by CCLXXVIII. The contrast between force, as Zuiiiga did. To the contrary CCLXXVIII. and CCLXXIX., which his letters seem to be intended to pro- were written by the same person, pos- duce the impression that the colony sibly to the same person, but for dif- would be abandoned. He was thus ferent purposes, will show very clearly " playing into the hands " of the Eng- what little reliance there is to be lish ; but whether intentionally, or placed in partisan evidence. Gondo- not, I cannot say. mar does not urge Philip III. to re- 664 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. CCXCI. MONTMORENCY TO JAMES I. H. de Montmorency, Admiral of France, to King James. " Sire. "I thought it was my duty to accompany the letters^ which the King my master wrote you, with some o£ my own, in order to have the honor to offer to your Majesty my very humble service, and to entreat you to be favorable, (since as Admiral under the authority of the King, I have the charge of the marine affairs of this Kingdom,) that I represent to you the just complaint and the injury which the French have received from some of your subjects who, being in an English ship called the Treasurer, whereof Samuel d'Argail is Captain, went to that country of Can- ada, called New France, to the harbor of Pentagoet, where they found a small settlement, which was begun by per- mission of the King with our leave, and at the expense of Madame La Marquis de Guercheville, lady of honor to the Queen, through a good and holy zeal to lead the poor Sav- ages of the said country to a civil conversation, and to preach to them the doctrine of Jesus Christ, and for that purpose, a number of Jesuit fathers were there- " But your said subjects have ruined this plan ; they have attacked the colony ; they have slain many men, and among others, two of the said Jesuits ; and besides, they carried away two others with them into Virginia, (by what people say) ; and have abandoned the rest of the people to the mercy of the waters, in a small skiff. We know well enough, Sire, the goodness, and the usual clemency with which you are filled, and that you are so far removed from such inhumanity that you will assuredly do justice in this matter, when you are informed of it. Therefore in the name of France, and of the private parties interested in ^ I suppose these were the " French ceedings of the Mass. Hist. Society, Complaints." (See CCCXVIII.) 1884. CCXCI. was published in the Pro- CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. (j()5 these Countries, I heg your Majesty for three things : — One, that you will command the two Jesuit fathers to be returned in safety with the other prisoners ; the other, that restitution shall be made for so remarkable a robbery, which costs the said dame Marquise more than a hundred thousand Hvres of loss. And the third, that your Council or the Company of Virginia may be obliged to declare and explain as far as where they understand to be carried, the boundaries and confines of the said country of Virginia, in asmuch as we thought the difficulty might have come on account of the neighborhood of the two Colonies. But your Majesty knows that for more than eighty years, the French have been in possession of it, and have given to it, the name of New France. The hope that your Majesty will be . . . how prudently to remedy this, and find it good, if it please you, that Mons. de Buisseaux, Ambassador may be inter- ested more particularly with it, to give us an answ^er to it as favorable as the complaint of it is reasonable, and full of justice. " Nevertheless I pray God, Sire, That he may give your Majesty a very long and very happy life. " Your very humble Servant, " H. De Montmorency. " At Fontainebleau the xxviij of October. 1613." Indorsed : To the King of Great Britain : " A letter from the Admiral of France to his Majestic concerning Samuel Argall," etc. CCXCII. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. ... "I have heard underhand that Sig' Fabritio [Sir Henry Wotton] is like to be sent into Spaine about some match, which I beleve the rather for that the Spanish Ambassador hath ben heard to say that he marvailes we shold tre:it or incline to Savoy or Fraunce, wheras his mas- ter is able to part with more then they both. Yesterday 666 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. here arrived an ambassador from the new elected emperor of Moscovie, he had a peale of ordinance at his landing at towre-wharfe, and was receved bj a 100 citizens on hors- baek in velvet coates and chaines of gold and most of the Aldermen in scarlet, with about twenty coaches furnished with courtiers and gallants : The Spanish, the Archdukes and Savoy ambassadors stoode in windowes not far asunder to see him passe. . . . Our Companie of Moscovie have for these three or foure yeares found out a new and rich trade of fishing for the whale, about green-land or certain ylands there along, which yeelds above cento pro cento, with a short return and small charge, they in joyed yt quietly till this yeare that both Hollanders, French-men and Spaniards wold have come in for a share, but our men having some inckling of yt went well appointed with seven goode ships and so put them by, and sent them away, wlierat there is much murmuring and complaint specially by the Holland- ers, who have sent certain deputies hither about yt, but our men pretend possession, and mean to maintain yt, though peradventure yt will come to blowes : this yeare they killed almost fowre-score whales, and almost ten times as many morses or seahorses, whose oyle, finnes and teeth are a great commoditie. " From the Bermudas or Sommer ylands there hath come great store of amber-greece this yeare, which is the only commoditie they have thence as yet, but they hope for more hereafter of many kindes though nothing so rich, and begin to nestle and plant there very handsomely : wher- with the Spaniard is nothing pleased but threatens the next yeare to remove them, which advertisement they have by goode meanes and many wayes, but they seeme nothing dismayed therewith trusting rather to the difficultie of accesse, then to any other strength of theyre owne : the greatest peece of amber in one lumpe that hath ben heard of was found there this yeare, beeing as bigge as the body of a giant and aunswerable or resembling almost in all points saving for the want of the head and one arme : but CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. 667 they handled the matter so foolishly that they brake yt in peeces, and the biggest they brought home was not above ()S ounces : which sells better by twelve of fifteen shillings in an ounce then that which is smaller. Since Michaelmas we have had fowre ships come from the east Indies well and richly laden, and though they have ben long missing yet this return doth recompence theyre stay. . . . Ned Blunt tells me he hath sent you Sir Fra : Bacons essais and other bookes, which I was willing to have provided according as you gave order in one of your former letters. There went a ship away in my absence, which I coidd not heare of till yt was gon. For almanachs I will send you one in a letter so soon as they come forth, for I cannot yet meet with any better conveyance. So with all due remembrance to my Lady I commend you to the protection of the Almighty. From London this 27"" of October 1613. " Your Lordships to commaund "John Chamberlain." Addressed : " To the right honorable S"" Dudley Carleton K* L*^ Ambassador for his Ma*'^ at Venice." [Mem. — October 29. The Lord Mayor's pageant " The Triumphs of Truth " (the triumph of England's true pol- icy?) was emblematical of the new trades, traffics and dis- coveries. October 30, 1613. Digby wrote to King James from Madrid : " Concerning the North-West Passage to the East Indies, the Spaniards always conceived that it would never prove matter of any consequence, but they are very glad now to be freed of this care, and that the Spanish Ambassador in England be thanked for his vigilancy therein." This, I suppose, is based on Captain Button's report. He returned to England from Hudson's and But- ton's Bay early in the autumn of 1613 ; but the exact date of his arrival is not known to me.] 668 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. CCXCIII. DIGBY TO CARLETON. Madrid, Spain, November 3, 1613. Digbye to Carleton. Describes his interview with the Spanish Secretary of State, who " fell soddainelie into a very great complaint of his Majesties proceeding with this King, that hee woulde (as hee sayd) cause so great an Innovation as that the Spaniards, which had for so manie yeares fished in the Northerne-Seas over which hitherto no Prince had chal- lenged any particular Dominion shoulde now by his Maj- esties Subjects bee prohibited. And yet that his Majestic would give permission to his subjects to plante & inhabite in Virginia, and the Ilandes of ye Bermudos which had for manie yeares byne esteemed & knowne to belong unto the Conquest of Castile, for that hee thought yt strange that his Majestic should att the same tyme suffer his people to possesse themselves of what was rightlie the King of Spaynes and shoulde forbidd the Spaniards from that which they had long used & to which hee knewe not what partic- ular clayme his majestic coulde pretend." Digbye's reply : " I told him, that first I conceaved hee had byne misenformed, that the Spaniards had divers yeares used to theise parts now spoken of ; which had byne of late discovered & the Spaniards were never there untill the last Summer, when an Englishman lead them thither. — Second- he, I could no way yeeld unto him that eyther Virginia or ye Bermudos were . . . parts of the conquest of Castile but that the . . . selves the first Possidents. — Soe that I sup- posed what is sayd of the Whale-fishing was to bee debated & disputed in the same nature the Indies were, which the Crown of Castile without controversie discovered and pos- sessed. And that then hee would see that his Majestic onelie followed theire owne foote steppes. For that there were att the present divers of his Majesties subjects in theire Gaily es for having off red to trade to the Indies beeing onlie taken in the way thither. And that I conceaved the same reason of beeing the first Possident was equallie to LIMITS OF THE SPANISH POSSESSIONS. 669 holde in both. And that as his Majestie had followed theire example in reserving the trade of his discoveries unto his owne subjects, so hee would willinglie give free accesse unto them, when they should hold yt litt to permitt the like unto theirs And that for the Pope's donation it was grown to be so lightly esteemed, that it was almost left to be alleadged by them." Digby says there were arguments on both sides ; and that he ' desired the Secretary would provide against the English merchants being wronged by way of fact, and that disputes as to title might be decided by fair courses between the two kings.' CCXCiyi. AND CCXCIV2 LIMITS OF THE SPANISH POSSESSIONS. These papers are apparently rough notes for a reply to the Spanish claims to America. They are from the Eng- lish State Paper Office. — Colonial Papers, vol. i. No. 32. They are filed under 1613 ; but their date is indicated as questionable thus, " 1613 ? " They were written after December, 1609, and I am mclined to think before 1613 ; but I place them here about as I find them in the State Paper Office. The name of the author is not given, but the doc- uments were evidently written either by the Rev. Richard Hakluyt, or with his assistance, or were compiled from his works. They contain many of his ideas, expressed almost in the same words as in his publications. CCXCIV^ "The true limites of all the countries & provinces at this present actually possessed by the Spaniards & Portu- gales in the West Indias. " All that parte of the West Indias which at this day is inhabited by the Spaniards & Portugales is almost included within the two Tropiques ; excepting the two small townes of Sant Augustin & Santa Helena in Florida & the province (570 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1G14. of Nuova Biscaia northward, & 5 townes in the river, namely Buenos Aeres, Santo Spirito, Santa Anna, the city of Ascen- sion, & Santa Fee beyond the Southerne tropique, as also in the Kingdome of Chili upon the South Sea, the townes of Coquimbo, Penco, Angol, Sant Jago, La miperial. Villa rica, and Villa del lago. " I doe not deny, but that northward & southward they have discovered much farther : but that they have no farther actual possession then before is specified, their own later histories, ruttiers & Journals which We have to shew, & our Englishmens manifold experience do assure us. " The most Northerly provinces of Nueva Espanna within and near the Tropique, are Nueva Galicia upon the South Sea & Guastecan upon the bay of Mexico. The most north- erly Spanish towne in Culiacan a province of Nueva Ga- licia is S* Michael situate in 24 degrees of North latitude and the Northernmost Spanish townes in Guastecan are Tampico, Panuco, Sant Jago de las Valles ; as evidently appeareth by the 8*^ & 9*^ mappes seen in the last edition of Ortelius his Theatrum Orbis, who was the sworne cosmog- rapher of the King of Spaine. " Southward of these lyeth the Kingdome of Mexico com- prehending in it the provinces of Yucatan, the Honduras, Guatimala & Veragua on the east parte, as likewise Mechu- acan, Colima & Sacatula on the west, & downe more south- erly the provinces of Soconusco, Chiapa, Nicaragua & Costa ricas besides other inf eriour provinces ; and it streatcheth to the townes of Panama and Nombre de dios standing both upon the Istmus or Neck-land of Darien. " The second general part of the West Indias called by the Spaniards Tierra firma beginneth upon the North Sea at the gulfe of Uraba [Darien] & is inhabited eastward by the Spaniards both on the sea coast, & within the land as far as the isle of Trinidad. Their principal inland townes are Mompox, Santa Fee, Caly, Angerma, Popaian, Pasto, Victo- ria, Carthago, Timana, Meriola, Pamplon, Tunxa, Santa Fe, Tocayma, St Jago de Leon, &et. Their chief townes & GEORGE MONTAIGNE Arrhhishof' ol I'.xl: LIMITS OF THE SPANISH POSSESSIONS. 671 havens on the sea-coast are Cartagena, Santa Marta, Rio de Hacha, Coro, Burburate, Caracos, Cumana, wherunto may be added the isles of Margarita & Trinidad. " From the isle of Trinidad standing- in 10 & 9 desfrees of North latitude all along the coast to the Equinoctial line, & thence forward to Paraiba, Petiguaras, & Fernambuck situate in 7. & 8. degrees of southerly latitude, to the space of 500 leags, there are no Christians at all inhabiting, as we are taught by our owne late & yearly experience. " From Paraiba in 7 degrees of latitude southward, the Portugales doe inhabite upon the Coste of Brasill the townes of Fernambuc, Baija de todos Santos which is the seat of the vizroy & bishop of Brasil, the towne of Baija das Ilhas, Porto Seguro, Baija del Spirito Santo, with the townes of Santos & Sant Vincente, which towne of Sant Vincente standeth in 24 degrees of south latitude. "From Sant Vincente to the streiohts of Maofellan all along the sea-coast, for the space of 700 leags ther are no Christian inhabitants : onely the Spanniards have planted 5 inland townes before mentioned upon the river of Plate. " Within the streights of Magellan they have not anie towne either upon the North or South shore. And as for the townes of Nombre de Jesus, & ciudad del Rey Phil- ippe, they have bin found long smce by M"^ Candish in both his voiages & by diverse others of our notion, to be utterly ruined and dispeopled. " Also from the streig-hts of Magellan to the Isle of Santa Maria standing within the South Sea in 37 degrees, to witt, for the space of 300 leags they have no habitation at all. " From this isle to the Tropique of Capricorne streatch- etli the lande of CliiH containing; the 7 townes before men- tioned. " At this tropique beginneth the province of Peru which extendeth between the sea-coast & the mountaines called Andes somewhat to the northward of the Equinoctial. And here the Spaniards have many townes & cities both upon the coast & also within the country. On the coast they 672 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. have Arica, Arequipa, Pisca, Lima, the seat of the Vizroy containing 2000 housholds, & the townes of Santos, Tru- xillo, Cherepe, Paita, & the isle of Puna. The chief places of the inland are Potossi, Charcas, Cusco, & Quito. " From Quito to Panama the coast lieth in a manner desolate. " These before mentioned are the principal provinces, cities & townes actually possessed by the Spaniards upon the maine of America. " The chief islands that they possesse as parte of this new World are St Juan de Puerto rico, Hispaniola, Cuba & Jamaica. As for the great multitude of those other small Isles called Las Antillas adjoining to these 4, they are either utterly desolate, or inhabited by a few Salvages. " So that besides all those huge coasts & mighty inlandes lying southward of the Tropique of Cancer, which hitherto are quite free from any Spanish government ; all those large & spatious countries on the East parte of America from 32 to 72. degrees of northerly latitude, have not nor never had any one Spanish Colonic planted in them ; but are both by right of first discovery performed by Sebastian Cabota at the cost of King Henry the 7*^ & also of later actual possession taken in the behalfe & under the sovereign authority of her Majesty, by the several deputies of Su' Walter Ralegh, & by the two English Colonies thither deducted (wherof the later is yet ther remaining) as likewise by Sir Humfry Gilbert, Sir Martin Frobisher, M'" John Davis, & others, most justly & inseparably belonging to the Crowne of England. Which countries being greater then all Europe, & in goodnes of soile nothing inferiour therunto, are by no meanes by us to be given over unto them, who have already a great deal more then they can well wield. " Lastly on the backside or west of America, beyond Cape Cahfornia, from 24 degrees of Northerly latitude to 43 degrees (all which coast Sir Francis Drake in his voiage about the world discovered & took possession tlierof for her Majestic in 38 degrees, calling the country Nova Albion) LIMITS OF THE SPANISH POSSESSIONS. 673 they have not one foot of actual possession, much lesse more Northerly. And therfore in time to come they shall have no pretense of cavillation against a Northwest passage, if it should please God to lay open the same. CCXCIV2. " Whither an Englishman may trade into the West In- dies, with certain answers to the Popes Bull.^ " First it is to be understood that the King of Spaines title to the Indias dependeth upon a guift or bull of Pope Alexander the 0"' dated 1493. Against which it may be said that the Pope had no authority to subject temporally the infidels, or to take away their landes without a cause. " Secondly the consent of the pope if it ever ratified, was only conditional, and is to be understood, that ^, ^ , "^ 1 he Story of things already safe should be kept. And the very Bartiioiome wordes of the Bull be not to grant a conquest or such an absolute power, but a meanes to converte & reduce them to Christianity; although the usage of the Spaniard hath bin otherwise, & so the grante voide. " Thirdli) the Bull or grante is to be understood in cases lawfull, & not tending to the prejudice of a thirde person. " All princes & estates had & have by the laws of nations the right of navigation in the sea, & the right of traffique, which the Pope by the fulnes of his authority cannot take from them : & the wordes of the said Bull are express that the Pope did not intende to take from any Christian Prince such rig-ht as he had obtained. "Fourthly in case any such guift or inhibition of the Pope were lawfull, & the right were soly in the King of Spaine, as he pretendeth : yet wheras after the date of the same bull his auncesters accorded & covenanted with the King and crowne of England, that the subjects on both 1 This paper is indorsed " Certayne tion, with reasons why the English briefe answeres to the Bui of Dona- may trade into the West Indies." 674 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. sides might freely traffique in the Kingdomes & dominions of both the parties contracting-, ther is no doubt but that Englishmen may lawfully repaire into the West Indias being parcel of the dominions for trade & traffique of marchandise. For the wordes of the treaties with King Ferdinand & his wife Queen Isabell of Castile, & Hkewise with the Emperor Charles are general & generally to be understood. And as it would be hardly taken, that the King of England con- tracting of free traffique, & commerce in his kmgdomes & dominions, should (for examples sake) inhibite the Span- iard to come into Irland : so the like reason is, that the King of Spaine contracting in lili;e sorte should permitt onely a traffique in Spaine & in no other places. " Seing therfore, that the Sea & trade are common by the lawe of nature and of nations, it was not lawfull for the Pope, nor, is it lawfull for the Spaniard to prohibite other nations from the communicatio & participatlo of this lawe. *' And if they do prohibite them from those things which are allowed by the lawe of nations, that is from marchan- dise, which also are due by special consideration, every man may defend himselfe & resist violence by violence. " And therfore the Spanish lawiers themselves have con- cluded that the Venetians cannot inhibite that none but themselves shall naviofate and trade within their Gulfe in the Adriatick Sea : neither can the Spaniards or Portugales make any such prohibition of their Indies, to prohibite law- full & orderly traffique ; which right appertameth unto all nations, by the lawe of nations, as well as unto them. " Such were the first navigations of Sir John Hawkins, Sir Francis Drake, and others. " And considering that the hostility & injuries offered unto them traffiquing peaceably & lawfully (which are to be sett downe) were both against the lawe of nations, and also special treaties between both nations ; they might de- fend themselves, & lawfully continue traffique with the In- dians both subject & not subject to the King of Spaine. GONDOMAR TO PHILIP III. 675 " And SO much may be alleaged for the excuse of Sir Francis Drakes first voiaores into the West Indias. o " For the maintenance of the justice of his two last voiages thither with some of her Majesties ships, the first to St Domingo & Cartagena & the second (in which he died) to Nombre de Dios being no private but publique actions, another course must be holden. Viz : of injuries & hos- tihties declared by the open actions of the King of Spaine from time to time against her Majesty & her realme, & this to be deducted particularly & at large. " Besides the cruel usage of her Majesties subjects law- fully & peaceably traffiquing into Spaine, without offence, by inquisicion against the lawe of nations, & the treaties. And this point is to be amplified by examples : and the evil usage of her subjects traffiquing unto the Indias. " The preparation of an intended conquest, as appeared afterwards by the fleet sent under the charge of the duke of Medina Sidonia, & such like. " FINIS." CCXCV. GONDOMAR TO PHILIP III. GENERAL AliCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 8590, FOLIO IS. Copy of an original letter of Don Diego Sarmiento de Acufia to the King of Spain, dated London, November 16, 1613. " Sire — "The ship^ which I reported to Y. M. on the 5th ult : [September 25] as getting ready for Virginia, sailed from here on the 24th [October 14] and carried the supplies of cloth and hnen, which Diego de Molino asked for, and some money to treat himself with. I hope that he will come to this country, with the return of this vessel, which from what I hear, will be in four or five months. 1 The Elizabeth. 676 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. " May God protect the Catholic person of Y. M. as Chris- tendom needeth so much. London, November 16, 1613. "Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuna." [Mem. — In November, 1613, the English merchants went " roundly to work and in less than a fortnight sub- scribed £400,000 [equal to about $10,000,000 present val- ues] to be employed in the trade to East India." In 1613, Champlain published his journals, maps, etc., of his voyages to America made in 1601-1613. This work gives the result of his surveys along the coast of Massa- chusetts and Maine, made in the summers of 1604, 1605, and 1606. Purchas had Champlain's works, and gave translations from them. Translations have also been pub- lished in this country by the Prince Society of Boston in 1878, 1880, and 1882. " The Description and use of the Sphsere Devided into three principal Partes : . . . By Edward Wright . . . Lon- don, Printed for John Tap, dwelling at S. Magnus corner. 1613." I merely call attention to the above work as a sample of sundry books which were appearing from year to year, having an indirect bearing on the enterprises of which we write.] CCXCVI. ORDER IN THE PRIVY COUNCIL. From London " Documents relating to the Colonial His- torv of the State of New York," vol. iii. p. 1. Albany, 1853. Order in Council respecting certain complaints against Captain Argall, etc. " At the Court at Whitehall the 2. of January 1613. being Sunday before noone. Present. [Geo. Abbot] Lo. Archbp. oi Cant. [Wm.] E. of Pembroke. [Thos. Egerton] Lo. Chancellor. [Edwd.] Lo. Zouche. EDMONDES TO JAMES I. 677 [Robt. Carr] Lo. Privie Seale. [Wm.] Lo. Knollis. [Tlios. Howard] Lo. Chamberlaine. [John] Lo. Stanhope. [Edwd. Somerset] E. of Worcester. S"" Jul : Caesar. [Sir Edwd. Coke] Lo. Chiefe Justice." This council sent the following letter to Sir Thomas Smythe : — " We have latelie received divers Complaints -exhibited by the French Ambassador on the behalfe of certaine French- men of Rochelle, St. John de Luz, and others, some of them concerninge outrages committed upon them (as is alleged) on the coast of Canada by Captain Argall em- ployed for Virginia, others on their fishing voyage towards Greenlands by one Captain Benjamin Joseph, who com- manding a ship of the Moscovie Companie this last summer, found some of those Frenchmen in those parts and tooke from them a great quantitie of Traine and whalebones, wherewith they had laden their shipp, and sent them away emptie, as appeareth by the memorialls presented by the French Ambassador, which we send you here withall. " Forasmuche as it will be expected that His Majestie should forthwith o"ive some satisfaction to the said Ambas- sador, touchinge both complaints we have thought good first to require you to acquainte some of the Councell of Virginia herewithall, as also some of the Moscovie Com- panie so far as it concernes eyther of them respectively and to returne us their severall and particular answers unto eache of them with all expedition, that the ambassador, may likewise receive his answer from his Majestie or his Boord." . . . CCXCVII. EDMONDES TO JAMES I. Sir Thomas Edmondes to King James. Paris, France January 2, I6I4. " Sire. ..." Finding Mons' de Villeroy, that tyme, in a better moode, then when I formerly debated these matters with him, I made it appeare unto him by manie instances, that 678 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. the interest which they (the French) pretended to have in the discoveries which we had made with great perill and charge (concerning the which he had before spoken to me much out of square) was contrarie to the received custome and practise of all nations, wherewith he was so well satis- fied, as he said, that he would no more dispute that matter with me." . •. . CCXCVIII. THE MASK OF FLOWERS. January 6, 1614. " The Maske of Flowers, presented by the Gentlemen of Graies-Inne, at the Court of White Hall at the Banquetting House, upon Twelfe-Night 1613. Being the last of the Solemnities and Magnificences which were performed at the marriage of the Earle of Somerset and Lady Frances, daughter of the Earl of Suffolke. Lon- don. Printed by N. 0. for Robert Wilson . . . 1614." This mask was prepared by Sir Francis Bacon. In it Florida Indians and tobacco are made to play important parts. There is a colloquy between Silenus (in praise of wine), and Kawasha, the god of the Florida Indians (in praise of tobacco) : — " Silenus. Kawasha comes in majestie, Was never such a God as he: He 's come from a farre countrie To make our nose a chimney. Kawasha. The Wine takes the contrary way To get into the hood, But good Tobacco makes no stay But seizeth where it should. More incense hath burned at Great Kawashae's foote Than to Silen and Bacchus both, And take in Jove to boote. Silemts. The Worthies they were nine, 't is true, And lately Arthurs' knights I knew, But now are come up Worthies new. The roaring boys, Kawashae's crew. Kawasha. Silenus toppes the barrel, but ORDER IN THE PRIVY COUNCIL. 679 Tobacco toppes the braine, And makes the vapours fire and soote, That man revives againe — Nothing but fumigation Doth charm away ill spirites, Kawasha and his nation Found out these holy rites." CCXCIX. ORDER IN THE PRIVY COUNCIL. From London " Documents relating to the Colonial His- tory of the State of New York," vol. iii. p. 2. Albany, 1853. "At the Court, Whitehall the 23. of January 1613. being Sonday afternoone. Present. Lo. Arehb. of Cant. Lo. Knollys. Lo. Chancellor. [Thos.] Lo. Wotton. Lo. Pr. Seale. Lo. Stanhope. Lo. Chamberlaine. S"" Jul : Caesar. " The answer of the Lords of His Majesties unto the com- pleynts exhibited by the Lord Embassador of France touch- inge spoyles and other violences supposed to be committed by His Majesties subjects of Great Brittaine upon the sub- jects of France on the Coast of Greeneland and Cannada. . . . [The part relating to Greenland is omitted.] For the matter of Cannada, their Lordships having required The Treasurer and Councell of Virginia, whom it concernes, to make answer thereunto, they say, that since the month of June, they have not received any shipp or advice from Vir- ginia, whereby they cannot be informed of any such misde- meanors, but upon Captain Argall's returne, which they expect about the beginning of the Spring, or upon any other notice of the fact, (whereof they will seeke to be niformed by all the means they may,) they will certifie their Lordships, whereupon such course shall be taken for resti- tution and punishment of the ojffenders as shall be to the 680 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. good satisfaction of the sayd Lord Embassador, and the parties interested." [Mem. — Court minutes, East India Company. February 26, 1614. '* Permission to Sir Thomas Dale, now employed in Vu'ginia, to adventure £100. in the joint stock, at the request of Sir Wm. Throgmorton." March 3. " Lent two culverins to The Virginia Company." In March the States General grant the Dutch charters, for making discoveries, trading, etc., in America. Captain Marmaduke Roydon, Captain George Langam, Master John Buley, and Master William Skelton sent two ships from London, under Master Thomas Hunt and Cap- tain John Smith, for our New England coast. They went from the Downes the third of March, 1614, " Set out by certaine Merchants for the love of gaine." The Somers Islands Company sent out about this time for the Bermudas, the Blessing, the Starr, the Margaret, and two pinnaces, the Thomas and the Edwin.] CCC. GONDOMAR TO PHILIP III. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME S592, FOLIO U- Copy of an original letter of Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuna to the King of Spain, dated London, March 17, 1614. " Sire. " Since I have come here I have continued reporting to Y. M. about the condition of the Colonies of Virginia and Bermuda, as far as I have heard. About Virginia they tell me that a resolution has been passed to abandon that colony, and carry the people to Bermuda ; because Virginia does not in any way answer to what had been expected, and is on the contrary very expensive to the company here, which sustains it, and the King gives nothing but Patents and Titles towards the establishment of these Colonies. SIR HENRY NEVILLE GONDOMAR TO PHILIP III. 681 The members of the Virginia Company have now asked permission from the King and the Council, to mthdraw the people from there this Spring, before the few siu'vivors should die. Tliis permission has not been granted, (has been refused) with the suggestion that it was well to pre- serve that place, altho' it be good for nothing more than to kill people and to afford an outlet to them from here ; since in this Kingdom here, they grow and multiply so as to be innumerable. Thus they have gone back and tried a kind of fortune, which here they call a Lottery, to succor and maintain that colony of Virginia, which as Y. M. no doubt has heard had its beginning more than twenty years ago. He who first brought the English here was Captain * Don Guater Rale ' [Sir Walter Raleigh] a great favorite of the Queen Elizabeth, and for her sake he called it Vir- ginia. We expect Don Diego de Molina very shortly here and he will surely tell us what there is in all this ; but some of the Eno^lish themselves who have been over there have spoken to me about it exactly as I have informed Y. M. " It is three years since the English have had a footing in Bermuda, by the accidental loss of a ship on that coast. It was coming from Virginia ; the Captain was called ' Neo- porte,' a famous sailor ; with a part of the timber and the rigging of the wrecked ship they built themselves on the island of Bermuda another small vessel, and in this ship building and in well reconnoitreing the country they spent ten months. Here they say that of old that Country was called the Land of the Devils on account of the danofers of the Sea, the coast and the harbour ; but now this Colony appears with great power, and here they speak of it with great consideration. A company has already been formed of [if'giro'url of this city, for its benefit, which counts, I am told, more than four hundred Members, and among them the Earl of Pembroke of the Council of State, the Earl of Southampton, Count Montgomery, Baron Walden, eldest son of the Earl of Suffolk and other great lords and knights ; but the majority are merchants, and great hopes 682 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. are entertained from this discovery, i£ the peace with Spain should ever be broken. The people that were there last year, were one hundred persons men and women. There will probably leave here three hundred persons, two hun- dred and fifty men, and a few women, most of them lost people, or put in jail as vagabonds, and thus now they send them out to help in Bermuda. These people go out in a ship and in two pinnaces ; the ship is called ' The Star,' of two hundred and sixty tons, carries twenty-four pieces of artillery. The pinnaces are of 20 tons each and in each of them go some twenty five men ; they also carry some very small little pieces of artillery. They also send out in this ship some engineers and skilled workmen, who know how to throw up fortifications (earth-works), with some elderly men to be put in charge of these ships and to govern on shore, with a list, and the rank of those who are, each one to succeed others, precisely as if they were dying men and failing ; because he who has so far been the Head of the English in Bermuda, is Master * Mun ' [Moor] a carpenter. They go to this place with the intention of well fortifying that post and to keep putting into it up to a thousand Englishmen, and thus they propose very shortly to send another ship there, which is called ' Mateo ' of two hun- dred and fifty tons, with twenty two pieces of artillery and carrying out a hundred settlers. They say that there is but one single channel by which you can enter the port, that this channel is one ' mile ' long in passing, which is the third part of a league. They go to the entrance of this channel intending to erect a fort on each side, and to furnish them with much artillery. They have destroyed and shut up every other landing place in the whole island, so that in no part of it a vessel can come to the shore, unless it be thro' this one channel, the entrance of which is on the Northside, or on the other side, almost directly oppo- site of it towards the South, which they have not been able to close entirely. Nor do they trouble themselves much about this, because, they say that no large ship can approach it. GONDOMAR TO PHILIP III. 683 but only launches and small boats. It is for this pui-pose that they carry the two pinnaces, because it seems to them that they will be sufficient to prevent any one from entering that Road and little harboiu-. Those who are now going out carry with them power and authority to distribute lands as heulooms to private Englishmen, as it may appear best to them in order that they may work them and reap the benefit, as if they were their own. They find in this island of Bermuda such a number of pigs that they need not much meat ; there is also a great abundance of birds and fishes there. The principal hope of profit which they cher- ish of this Colony is in the amber, which has been found in abundance, and in Pearls likewise, because in a very shallow water and without its being necessary to ^l^-^^ they have already found a large number, and have brought some home with them, wdiich have been sold at forty reales each pearl ; while they hope in deeper water they will find more of them and larger ones. For this purpose they take out with them some famous divers, and as they have also been told, that it was on this coast Don Luis de Cordoba was lost with the four silver-Galleons, they go with the inten- tion of making these swimmers and divers search carefully, if they may discover some of these ships, which they pre- sume must hold great treasures. In pursuing the pearl fishery within the sea they meet on the coast of Bermuda with one great difficulty which has prevented them so far from fishing except on the coast, and this is a great quan- tity of certain fishes larger than dogs, which it is said the Enghsh call from their form ' Jarques ' [sharks] and the latter say that they attack and at once, dispatch any man. The Enghsh, how^ever, are also full of hope, to catch them and clear the coast of them. This Company continues to possess much property and thus that Colony will be liber- ally assisted and helped with everything that may be neces- sary. " They tell me that the Embassador of this king here, at your Court, has written to him that Y. M. w^as bent upon 684 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. destroying this Colony of the English and to drive them out of Bermuda. Now Count Somerset has also thus informed the members of the Bermuda-Company, in order that in conformity with this they may arrange matters, pre- pare all that may be necessary and send succour promj)tly. It is this which makes this vessel sail now with the two pinnaces, and the other ship will also sail very shortly. All the Members of this Company, therefore, tell me, that they are filled with anxiety, especially as they have also been told that there are several English pilots in the navy of Y. M., who know that coast perfectly well, as also the harbour, having been there themselves ; on this account it is that, altho' they had given orders to these ships who are now carrying these people over there, after having landed them in Bermuda, to go and catch codfish at Newfoundland ; they have now, after this warning, changed their plan and ordered those sliips to lie by and assist in guarding the island. " Y. M. will see from all these statements what may be most important to be done for His Royal service, and if it should be necessary for me here to take any special meas- ures, Y. M. will be pleased to command me. " May God protect the Catholic person of Y. M. etc. "London March 17. 1614. " Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuna." [Mem. — Entered at Stationers' Hall, March 9, 1614, by Felix Kinsrston — under the handes of Sir Thomas Smitlie and M"^ Warden Feild. " A declaration of the present estate of the English in Virginia, with the final resolucon of the Great Lotterye intended for their supply." Copies of this publication seem to have been sent to all the city companies of London ; and it has been said that none can now be found ; but I am convinced that CCCXLH. was a later issue of the same publication. The reference in CCCXLI. is certainly to CCCXLIL, and the reference in CCCI. is certainly to this publication, and I PRIVY COUNCIL TO CITY COMPANIES. 685 am sure that both references are to the same publication. See, also, the remarks on CCCXLII. and that number itself. The following letter was sent with this Declara- tion (of March 9, 1G14), to the several city companies of London.] CCCI. PRIVY COUNCIL TO CITY' COMPANIES. " To Our very loving frindes the Master Wardens and As- sistants of the Company of . . . " After our harty commendations, wee send you herewith a true declaration of the present estate of the English Colony planted in Virginia together with a project by help of a lottery to bring at length that work to the successe desired. Wee shall not need to commend unto you that worthy and Christian enterprize full of honour and profitt to His Majes- tic and the whole realme, yf the endes in the sayd declara- tion expressed may in processe of tyme be attained unto, whereof the hopes (as you may perceave) nowe are great for advancing and bringing whereof to some good perfec- tion, we hartily pray you to employ your good endeavours amongst the Brethren of your Company to adventure in the sayd Lottery destined to soe good a purpose such reason- able sumes of money as each of them may conveniently and can willingly spare, nothing doubting but that excited by your good example and persuasion they will shew them- selves forward to adventure in soe faire a Lottery wherein hapily they may be gainers, and what soever any shall loose shall be bestowed on soe good a worke and so behovef ull to the w^liole realme. " You shall alsoe receave herewith from the Treasurer and Councell of Virginia such Bookes as are requisite for the registring of the sayd sumes adventured which we pray you with as much expedition as may be (in regarde of their present wants to sett forth a shippe thither this Springe) to return with the money gathered to the sayd Treasurer, from whom wee will take notice of your proceedings herein that 686 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. we may accordingly give you deferred thanks for the same. And so we bid you hartily farewell. " From the Court of Whitehall this first of April 1614. " Your loving friends. G. Cant, Exeter, Lenox, Pembroke, T. SUFFOLKE. W. KnOLLYS, E. Worcester. J. Stanhope. Jul. C^sar." [Mem. — "Chamberlain to Carleton, London, 7. April, 1614. ... On Tuesday the 5"' of this present, the King, Prince and Lords, rode in their robes to the Parliament . . . The King made a long and excellent speech, consist- ing of three principal parts wherein all his care lay — to continue to his subjects bona animi, hona corporis, et bona fortimce, by maintaining religion, preserving of peace, and seeking their prosperity, by increasing of trades and traf- ficsr In the spring of 1614 Captain William Gibbons, who had been with Button the previous year, sailed on a voyage for the discovery of the northwest passage ; but took shelter in " Gibbons his hole " on the coast of Labrador, and returned to England in the autumn.] CCCII. EXTRACT FROM GROCERS' RECORDS. Court of Assistants — Grocers' Company. "Curia Assist: die veneris scilt. 15. die Aprilis 1614 anno . . . xij. . . . Jacobi aug. " Present : — Sir Thomas Middleton K* Lo*^ Mayor. Sir Robert Napier K'' & Baronet. M"^ Nicholas Stile and M' George Bolles, Aldermen. W Wm. Dale, M' Tho" Longston and M' Tho^ Westrow. Wardens. EXTRACT FROM GROCERS' RECORDS. 687 M' John Newman, M"^ Richard Denman, " Robert Cox, " Humphrey Walcott, " Richard Burrell, " Richard Aldworth, " Anthony Soday, " Edmond Westall, " Robert Bowyer, " W" Pennyfather, " Roger Gwyn, " Laurence Grene, " Richard Bourne, " Danyel Wynche, " Thomas Moulson, " Humfrey Robinson, " Robert Johnson, " Robert Mildmay. " Wm. Barrett, " This day alsoe were read openly to the generallitye of the Company here assembled the letters of the right Hon- om-able the lordes and others [CCCI.] of his Majesties most Honourable privy Counsaile directed to M"^ Wardens for adventures in Lottery by the several Brothers of this Com- pany for supporting the plantation in Vh^ginia which letters are dated primo ApriHs 1614. The tenour whereof ensueth in these wordes viz*. [See CCCL] " Alsoe was then publickly read to the whole Assembly a declaration printed of the present estate of the EngHsh Colony planted in Virginia with a finall resolution of the great Lottery entended for their supply sett forth by his Majesties Councell for Virginia [see 9th March, 1614]. Together with a Lottery Booke with certen directions sent to Mr. Wardens and Assistants of this Company by the Treasurer and Counsell of Virginia for Registring the names of the adventiu-ers with their several somes of money to be adventured therein. " And thereupon Mr. Warden Dale with many forcible reasons for the general advancement of Christianity and good of the common-wealth moved and persuaded the whole assembly then present to write perticulerly with their owne handes how much every of them would willingly sett-downe severally to adventure in the sayd Lottery entended to soe good a purpose. ^'Whereupon it then pleased the Right Honourable Sir 688 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. Thomas Middleton, K* Lord Mayor of this city and many other Brethren of this Company with their several handes to write in the sayd booke ho we muehe they woulde therein voluntary adventure as by the sayd booke may appear." [There are no more entries in minute books nor war- dens' accounts of the Virginia Company after this. The book mentioned is not now among the muniments of the Grocers' Company. It is presumed that whatever was done after this was by Grocers in their individual and not in their corporate capacity. The Irish plantation is mentioned at nearly every court for some years following this date as a serious business of the company as a body ; not so the Vir- ginia plantation. — J. A. Kingdon, 1885.] CCCIII. THE LORD MAYOR TO CITY COMPANIES. A letter from Sir Thomas Middleton, Lord Mayor, directed to the master and wardens of the city companies. " After my hearty Comendacons. " These are to lett you understand that I am required by the Lords of his Majesties most honorable privy Counsell to recommend unto your care the effecting of their Lordships desires for the furtherance of the Virginia plantacon, as by their Lordshipps letters [CCCL] herewithall sent may ap- peare. " Wherefore I pray and require you forthAvith to call a Courte and to use your best endeavours to accomplishe their Lordshipps pleasures in regard it is for soe charitable and Christian a worke, and by wliich meanes wee maybe dis- burthened of many idle and vagrant persons which other- wise are, and wilbe more and more, chargeable, dangerous, and troublesome unto the state. " And soe I bid you hartely farwell. xx*'' of April, 1614. " Your Loving ffreiud. Tho : Midleton, Maior." EXTRACT FROM COMMONS JOURNAL. 689 [Mem. — The Elizabeth, Captain Adams, which sailed from England October 14, 1613 (see CCXCV.), taking the first potatoes to the Bermudas, reached Virginia, bringing silkworms, etc., in the winter of 1613-14. She sailed from Virofiiiia in March followino- havins: on board Sir Thomas Gates, the Sieur de la Motte, etc. Gates carried to Eno-land the official accounts of " Aro-all's Voyages to the Northward," and other documents now un- known. He certainly reached England some time before the 12th of May, and I am inclined to think before the 20th of April, 1614. Howes says : " This yeere 1614. Sir Th : Gates came from Virginia into England, using his best meanes for more supplies to continue theii- plantation, hav- ing left behind him not full 400. men of all that were sent thither, over whom Sir Th : Dale, Knight, a valiant souldier and discreet Governour had the full charge and rule."] CCCIV. EXTRACT FROM COMMON'S JOURNAL. The Muscovy Company was now upon the question, with Spain, France, and Holland. The English-American enter- prise was " between two fires," France and Spain. The colony was in jeopardy, and the company wished to yield up their patent, and have the colony attached more directly to the crown. Among the '" Bills to be drawn by liis Maj- esties most gracious direction for the good and comfort of his people upon certain of the propositions exhibited to his Majesty [about February, 161|], and to be offered to the [next] Parliament," was " An act for tho better plantation of Virginia and supply thereof." — See Bacon's " Letters and Life by Spedding," vol. v. p. 17. Mr. Neill in his " Virginia Company of London," pp. 67, 68, says : " Sir Thomas Smith, a member of the House of Commons, in a debate on the 20th of April, said that if he as the Governor of the Company could influence the members, the patent should be brought in. Sergeant Montague declared that the patent was against law, and 690 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. a member by the name of Middleton said, ' That the Com- pany were willing to yield up their patent, that it had not been their intention to use it otherwise than for the good of aU parties, and confessed that there had been some miscarriages. The shopkeepers of London sent over all kinds of goods, for which they received tobacco mstead of coin, infinitely to the prejudice of the Commonwealth. Many of the divines now smell of tobacco, and poor men spend 4d. of their day's wages at night in smoke, and wished that this patent may be damned, and an act of Parliament passed for the government of the Colony by a Company.' " After considerable discussion it was ordered by the House of Commons that the patent should be brought the next day." CCCV. EXTRACT FROM MERCHANT TAYLORS' RECORDS. From the minutes of a court of assistants of the Merchant Taylors' Company, held May 6, 1614. " At this Courte was openly read a letter receaved from the Lords of his Majesties most honorable privy Counsell, the words whereof are these, viz : [See CCCI.] " Alsoe another letter from the right honorable the Lord Maior directed to the Master and Wardens in these words, viz* : [See CCCIIL] " Alsoe a paper booke under the hand of Sir Thomas Smyth Knight, and the Virginia Companyes Scale, for such as shalbe disposed to make any Adventure in the Lottery to sett their hands to such somes of money as they purpose to putt into the Lottery. " And lastly there was alsoe presented to this Courte a true declaration in print of the present estate of the EngHsh Colony planted in Virginia. [See March 9, 1614.] " All wliich letters and printed declaration being openly read and duely considered of — It is ordered and agreed at this Court as well in respect of the Coun sells letters, as in regard of the future good that may come thereby. That SIR JOHN OGLE CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. 691 the some o£ ffifty pounds shalbe putt into the Lottery, out of the stock of this howse, and what prizes or other proffitt soever may growe or come thereby to be truely aunswered agayne to the use of the howse, Our Master to pay the same, and have it allowed in his Accompt. And soe many of the assistants as please in particular to make any adventure in the said Lottery to sett their hands and somes to the said booke. And after the assistants have done, It is ordered that our Mr. and Wardens shall cause the whole Livery and all of the Batchellers Company to be sommoned unto the Hall, and there to lett them understand, what the Counsells pleasure is, and what hath bin done by the assistants, that as many as have any desire to further, this worke intended, may sett their hands and somes to the booke before men- tioned." CCCVI. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. John Chamberlain to the right honorable Sir Dudley Carle- ton, Knight, Lord Ambassador for his Majestic at Venice. ..." Sir Thomas Gates is come from Virginia and brings word that that plantation will fall to the ground yf yt be not presently supplied. He speakes of wonderfull commod- ities that are to be had there, yf we could have the patience and would be at the cost to bring them to perfection. . . . " From London May 12"' 1614." There was so much diplomacy in the management of the enterprise, and in the various reports given out — so many " stratagems," as Molina calls them, — that it is really im- possible to know exactly how much reliance to place in the various contemporary letters, reports, publications, etc. 692 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. CCCVII. EXTRACT FROM COMMONS JOURNAL. Mr. Neill in his " Vii-ginia Company of London," on p. 6S, gives the following. [See CCCIV.] " On the 12"' of May the Council for Virginia presented a petition for aid, which was read, and the next Monday [16th], at nine o'clock in the morning, was designated as the time to hear the case ; but on the 16*'' M"" Brooke moved that the Virginia business should be taken up the next day at seven o'clock. " On the 17**" of May it was ordered that Lords South- ampton, Sheffield, and others, should come in to hear the discussion of Virginia affairs, and shall sit with uncovered heads until otherwise requested by the Speaker. It was further ordered that any member that stood in the entry should pay a fine of 12d. to the Sergeant-at-arms, and that there should be great silence while the Lords were present." [See CCCVIIL] CCCVIII. EXTRACT FROM COMMONS JOURNAL. COMMONS JOURNAL, VOLUME L PAGES 4S7-4S9. I give CCCVIIL ; and CCCIX. as they are in the Com- mons Journal, in " the short hand " of the period, without attempting to fill them out. The report is a mere outhne ; but it probably affords a fair idea of the debate. " Martis. IT*'' Maii. 12.<^ Jacobi. A. 1614. . . . *'Mr. Martyn of Counsel with the Company cometh in before the Lords — The Bar, first down taken up at the Lords coming in. The Lords stood bare, till after M"" Mar- tyn had begun. Then M'' Speaker spake to him to stay ; And then, in the name of the House, spake to them, signi- fying to them the pleasure of the House, that they should sit down, and be covered. [Mr. Martyn continuing.] " Queen Eliz. of ever-growing memory, compared by the King to Augustus. That the EXTRACT FROM COMMONS JOURNAL. 693 Lady of the Seas, whole fleet stooping — the Reel Cross ill one of her Ships. The discovery by her subjects, of all the Seas about the Avorld. " Amadis. And after, Whyte, Employed by Sir W. Ra- leighe, in those Discoveries. He termed a subject of Envy, in his Greatness ; now a Mirror of the Vanity of all Earthly thino's. " This Plantation began 1606. Religion. Captain New- port. Sir Tho. Gates. Virginia, a Bridle for the Neopoli- tane Courser, if our Youth of England able to sit him ; for which they will give them golden spurs. " L. d' la Warre. " That now a settled Plantation : all things necessary for food. " That this conquest just. The Spanyards course in the Indyes — Don John D'Aquyla in Ireland. Our usage of the Indyes merciful & respective — That this country never yet felt the yoke of the plow. " 1. Objection, that, if this undertaken by this House, and King, this might prove to a War. " Ans. That this no just cause of offence. The name given by the Queen. The Spanyards defend the West In- dyes ; the Por'. the East ; the French the River of . . . The Hollander their forts in the Moluccos. " That the Spanyard, by our Forces, di'awn to that ex- tremity, that they would — " That this city hath not three Armourers — " This time of Relief for the King: — " That they require, is but a few honest Labourers, bur- thened with children. " Moveth, a committee may consider of the means for this, for seven years ; at which some of then* Company may be present. " Columbus his offer to H. VII. neglected, because no pre- ent Profit. " That this Country giveth Hope of all those commodities which a Southern Country can promise." . . . 694 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. [Old Fuller, says of Martin, " He is eminent, as for many speeches, so especially for that he made in parHa- ment in the tenth [twelfth ?] year of King James, when ac- count was taken of forty gentlemen in the house which were not twenty, and some of them not sixteen, years of age. * Formerly,^ said this Recorder Martyn, ^ it was the custom of old men to make laws for young ones ; but now nature is invaded and inverted, seeing young men enact laws to govern their fathers.' "] When Martin concluded. "Sir Roger Owen. [Moved.] That the Treasurer of Virginia, and those that be of that Company, shall with- draw themselves, 'till the matter be debated. " Mr, Brooke^ contra : For, if a Bill here that concerneth Yorke, he not to be withdrawn ; for that it concerneth the Commonwealth. " Mr. Edw. Montague : That the Speech of Mr. Martyn the most unfitting that ever was spoken in this House." [Here follows a debate on the unfitness of Mr Martyn's speech.] " Sir E. Hohy was for calling him to the bar. "Mr. Dimcomhe said he patronized as a schoolmaster- teaching his scholars. " Sir R. Phillips, while admitting that he had made a great mistake, spoke in the defensive. " Sir G. Moore, said it was an extraordinary step to ad- mit counsel in the House upon the hearing of a petition, and that the speech was still more strange." . . . It was finally. " Ordered. He (Martyn) shall come to the Bar to-mor- row, standing (not kneeling). " Mr. Speaker to charge him : He to make his submis- sion." CCCIX. EXTRACT FROM COMMONS JOURNAL. " Mercurii. 18° Maii 12° Jacobi. ... He offered to kneel. EXTRACT FROM COMMOXS JOURNAL. 695 [Sir Randolph Crewe.] "Mr Speaker. That he had done himself much Right in the Beginning. Petition of Viro'inia. Order for the Counsel. That he then for Coun- sel appeared, with divers Lords. That at first prepared to hear him with all Resj^ect and Love. The remembrances of the Plantation well accepted, and looked upon with eyes of our love. " That after unfortunately digressed to matters of much weight, impertinent. That took upon him to censure some- things and advise. " That the House took this for a great Presumption, and did disdain and contemn it. That the House, zealous of the honour of the House, hath thought fit to convene him to the Place, where his offence, to receive satisfaction from him. That hath many Friends here ; yet now all look upon him with Eyes as Judges, not as private Friends. " Mr Martyn : That all mens actions subject to Error ; his more, because so weak. Yet not in Love with Error, and is willing, as any man, to be divorced from it. Con- fesseth, he hath digressed from order and from his own Purpose. " This occasioned by the Presense of the Lords, he not well instructed in the Business. That when he came, Hke to a ship, that cutteth the Cable, and putteth to Sea — So he, to cut his memory and trust to his Invention. " That never knew of the Lords Presence. " When here, the zeal of this House eat up his judgment. That he f orgat himself e — Acknowledge his Error, not for Fear of Punishment. " Glad, be Example to all others. " Submitteth himself to their censure. " Doth it not mth dejected countenance ; for cannot but receive Comfort in acknowleging of his error." [Here follows short debate.] " Sir Wm. Maijnard. Glad the House yesterday in- clined to mercy — Commended the carriage and answer. " Sir Bo.Phill'qypes. . . . moveth, he may now be called 696 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. for, and the Pleasure of the House signified to him. That the House taketh his offence great, and of a high Pitch : That they have Hkewise incHned to the Height of Mercy ; resj)ecting his Person, good affections, and former service here. They, upon his acknowledgement here really made, are pleased to be remitted, presuming, he will sin no more in the like. " J/r. Martin. That this Doom sheweth, they not per- suaded he came to offend with a high Hand. Thanks for their Favour. Petitioneth, that, to fill up the Measure of their Grace, they would be pleased to appoint a Committee, to consider of the Virginia Business." This Parliament did not take the Virg^inia business in hand. It is known in history as the " Addled Parliament," from the circumstance that it never passed a single measure. It will be noted that the Lords are mentioned in the trou- ble with Martin. The Parliament was dissolved June 7tli following, in consequence of the quarrel with the House of Lords arising out of the question of the legality of certain impositions or exactions, which the Commons insisted should be removed before supplies were voted. CCCX. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON. ..." On tewsday Dick Martin came to the Parliament house as a Counsaillor to plead for some course to be held for the upholding of Virginia, and to countenance the cause the Earle of Southampton, the Lord Sheffield and the Lord De la Ware, came with him and were admitted to be present : but after a while having spoken but little in the cause he came for, he fell to ripping up what had passed since theyre sitting, taxing them for theyre slow proceeding, for theyre disorderly cariage, and schooling them what they shold do, with divers odde glaunces, wherwith he so discontented them that after he was gon there was much arguing what course they shold take with him, and in the end yt was LORKIN TO PUCKERING. 697 airreed he sliold be called to the barre and aunswer his mis- demean lire : so yesterday he appeared there and with much shew of hiimilitie and submission did so insinuate himself into them that after a while they remitted his kneeling-, and in respect of hissgoode service heretofore in that house did after some admonition cleerly release him : but the Lords that accompanied him are more angry mth him then all the rest, and will not be satisfied. Thus you see though he abstained from beeing of the parlement for feare of being transported and doing himself harme, yet yt was in fails that he should shame himself in that house. . . . " Sir John Digby carries himself high and lookes after great matters, sayeing he hath ben in the greatest emplo}-- ment the King hath except the Deputiship of Ireland, and yet his allowance exceeds that : yt seemes he can stoope no lower from his cloth of state that he used in Spame, as like- wise his Lady, but I know not ^^er quam regidare : he de- maunds a £1.000 for his transportation or ayudas de costa for his comming home, but he is like to get yt at leasure. So with all due remembrance to my Lady, I commend you to the protection of the Almighty. From London this 19"* of May 1614. " Your Lordship's to commaund. "John Chamberlain." Addressed : " To the right honorable S"" Dudley Carleton, Kt L*^ Ambassador for his Ma"^ at Venice." CCCXI. LORKIN TO PUCKERING. Rev. Thomas Lorkin to Sir Thomas Puckering, Bart., at Madrid. [From London, May 28, 1614.] ..." Not many days since, Mr. Martin, the lawyer, pre- suming to tax the House, incurred the danger of a severe censure, if many friends, accompanied by an humble submis- sion of his own, had not the more powerfully mediated for him. He was no member of the House ; but entertained by the Virginia Company to recommend unto the House a G98 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. favourable consideration of something that imported that adventure. Coming therefore to speak, he left his theme which was appointed him, and began to reprove the House for wasting so much time, to so little purpose ; and then, as if had had more brain than all, undertook to become their pedagogue, and to instruct them (chiefly the younger sort, whereof there is some number) in what steps they ought to tread, and in what order they are to proceed. The next day he was called to the bar, and there arraigned for his presumption ; where, upon the earnest mediation of many friends, and his own submissive acknowledgment upon his knees, he was pardoned his offence ; the House contenting themselves to have remonstrated unto him his temerity and arrogance, without inflicting further punishment." . . . CCCXII. EXTRACT FROM CARAYON. Extract from " Primiere Mission des Jesuites au Canada," page 1, note 1. See CLXVHL and CXCVI. "We shall add to the letters of our first missionaries in Canada a fragment of a memoir, entitled : Monumenta JVovce Franclce, ah anno 1607, ad annum 1737. Insuloe 3IartiniccB, ah anno 1678. Insulce Cayemiensis, ah anno 1668. " The translation of the second chapter of this MS., pre- served in our Archives at Rome, will give a collection of facts concerning New France, which is not found in the let- ters which we publish. . . . " The year following their arrival, two more of our So- ciety [Jesuits] went to join them : they were Father Quentin and the Brother-Coadjutor Gilbert du Thet. " Two years spent at Port-Royal convinced our Fathers that it was impossible to make this the centre of their mis- sion, partly because of the difficulty to draw to that place a great concourse of Savages, partly because of the trouble caused by those who were in command. *^ They transferred the seat of their mission to another EXTRACT FROM CARAYOK 699 })oint of the same Coast, under the 45"' degree 30 minutes of Latitude, and this upon a Command of the King-. This establishment took the name of Saint Sauveur. '^^ They had been but recently established there, when the English, coming upon them unexpectedly, took possession of the French vessel, seized the Commander's Letters Patent, and by signal wickedness, treated him as a pirate. At the time of the attack several Frenchmen were killed, and among them Brother Gilbert du Thet, a man remarkable for his courage and his piety. " The triumphant English, after having leisurely plun- dered everybody, abandoned a portion of the French in a wretched bark, and carried the Fathers Biard and Quentin with them to Virginia. Our two prisoners expected to be condemned to death, especially, when, upon being brought back to Port Royal, they refused to betray the retreat of those Frenchmen, who kept themselves concealed in the neighborhood. Sent back once more to Virginia, they would there probably have met their death, if Divine Prov- idence had not defeated all efforts made by the English sailors to effect a landing. The violence of the storm driving them back upon the Azores, which belong to the Portuguese, and where, in spite of them, they were compelled to go ashore. " The English themselves were compelled to admire the loyalty and the charity of our Fathers, who, by simply showing themselves to the Portuguese, might have brought about the seizure of the ship and the condemnation to death of the EngHsh, by being declared j^irates. Before entering the harbor, they had exacted from their prisoners the promise that they would not denounce them, and would keep themselves in concealment durino- the whole time of their stay at the Azores. During the \4sit which the Portuguese paid to the ship the Fathers remained down in the hold, where they escaped all curious eyes. This generosity and this faithfulness in keeping the promise they had made, surprised the English so greatly, that they immediately 700 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. changed tlieir behavior towards their pnsoners and carried them directly to England, where they praised them aloud. " The French Ambassador, when he heard of their arrival, hastened to reclaim them officially, and caused them to be honorably carried back to their native land in the month of May, 16M." . . . CCCXIII. BIARD TO ACQUAVIVA. From Carayon's " Premiere Mission," etc., pages 106- 116. (See CLXVIII.) " Letter written by Father Pierre Biard, to the very Rev** Father Claude Acquaviva, General of the Society of Jesus." Translated from the Latin original preserved in the Ar- chives of Jesus at Rome. "Amiens, May l^, 1614. " My Very Reverend Father ! " Pax Christi ! " Since thanks to a special blessing of God and to the prayers of your Fatherhood, we have quite recently escaped from various most serious dangers, both gi-atitude and duty compel me this day to throw myself, as fully as I can at the feet of your Fatherhood, filled with most lively thankfulness and most earnestly, in order to present to you my regard and to prove to you my affection. I must, in fact, look upon myself as chosen by the Lord Himself, both to repent and to show the triumph of Grace, so very great are the dangers from which I now see myself delivered, to my great joy and surprise — but this is scarcely the time to mention all the events in detail ; and I think your Father- hood must have heard many things already from Father Ennemond Masse ; leaving other things aside, I shall be content to tell you to-day, how, after our capture by the English in New France, we were dragged from place to place and finally restored to our own Country. "During the last year, 1613, we were in all, as your Fatherhood knows, four (Fathers Biard, Masse, Quentin CAPTAIN GEORGE PERCY BIARD TO ACQUAVIVA. 701 and Brother clu Thet) members of the Society in New France. At that time, we laid at last at a suitable place, the foundations for a new estabhshment, and for a new Colony. " Just then, all of a sudden, I know not by what fortuitous chance (for certainly it was not a premeditated plan) the English of Virginia throw themselves upon our coast, take possession, with great fury, of our ship, whilst almost all our defenders were busy on shore. After some resistance, we were compelled to surrender ; two Frenchmen were killed in the fight and four wounded, without counting our brother Gilbert du Thet, who was mortally wounded. He died piously in my arms on the next day. " When the vessel was taken and everything else stolen, they did us, priests and Jesuits, a great favor by not taking our lives ! However, under such circumstances, life is something more cruel even than any kind of death. Stripped of everything and in w^ant of everything what could we have done at this place so completely deserted and unculti- vated ? The Savages, to be sure, came to see us secretly at night. They grieved over our misfortune, and promised most heartily and sincerely, that they would do for us all they could do, but such was the state of things and the nature of the place that we saw nothing but Death around us, or a wretchedness worse even than death. We were thirty people, suffering the same anguish. What made our Englishmen less cruel, was that one of our boats, evading their vigilance, had escaped. They saw themselves com- pelled to spare us, because they knew very well, that there were witnesses now abroad who could testify to the violence they had done us. They feared the lex talionis and the vengeance that our King might take. They told us at last (a noble favor indeed!) that for us thirty who remained, they would leave at our disposal a boat, in which we might sail along the coast and try to meet some French vessel, that could take us back to our own country. They were shown that this boat could not hold more than 15 persons, 702 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. but they would not grant us any more, not even one of our own vessels. " There was no time to lose. In this perplexity, each one did what he could for his safety. Father Ennemond Masse got mth 14 others into the boat, of which we have spoken, and God has protected him, as your Fatherhood has already heard. " I went to see the English Commander ; and obtained for myself and Father Jacques Quentin, my companion, as well as for Jean Dixon, who had been admitted into the Society, and for one servant, that we should be carried to some island near by, where the EngHsh are in the habit of fish- ing, and that we should be recommended to these fisher- ermen in order that they might carry us to England, from whence we could easily return to France. I obtained this, I say, as a promise, but they did not keep their word. In fact, we and the other Frenchmen who remained, fifteen in number, were taken straight to Virginia,^ nearly 250 post- leagues from where we had been taken prisoners. There, new dangers ! The Governor of this fort wanted to hang us all, but especially the Jesuits. The Captain who had taken us prisoners opposed this, pleading the promise he had given. This pledge or the fear of the King finally pre- vailed. " This Captain was afterwards ordered to return to that part of New France where he had plundered us, to destroy all French vessels that he might find there, and to burn all forts and all houses. " In fact, the French had there still two settlements, that of Saint Croix, and that of Port Royal, where I had lived two years. They fitted out three ships for this expedition, two of them had been taken from us ; the third, larger and fitted out for war, was that which had made us prisoners. ^ The situation at Jamestown in (Molina), a renegade Englishman who August, 1613, was very interesting, pretended to be a Spaniard (Lymbry), There were fifteen Frenchmen, includ- and the Indian maiden Pocahontas, all ing two Jesuit fathers, naval officers prisoners there, and others ; a Spaniard of distinction BIARD TO ACQUAVIVA. 703 They allowed only eight Frenchmen to get on board these vessels ; with the intention of availing themselves of the first opportunity to send us back to our native land. These ships sailed first to the place where we had been made prisoners, and the English destroyed the crosses which we had erected, but the punishment was not long delayed ; before we left one of them, convicted I know not of what crime, was hanged at the very same place. A Cross avenged the Crosses ! We found here also new dangers. The Eng- lish, as I said above, wanted to sail to the settlement of Sainte-Croix, altho' there was then nobody there ; but they had left there a supply of salt. I was the only one who knew the way, and the English knew that I had lived there formerly. They ask me to show them the way. I do all I can to invent pretexts and to escape from their demands. But I achieved nothing. Seeing clearly that I would not conduct them there, the Captain broke out into great wrath, and the danger became more imminent for me, when they unexpectedly discovered the place without me. They plun- dered it and reduced everything to ashes. Besides, they suc- ceeded on this occasion in catching a Savage who led them to Port Royal. If this accident relieved me of a great dan- ger, it exposed me likewise to another, that was still greater. In fact, after they had plundered and burnt Port-Royal, which they found, I do not know why, abandoned by the French, one of the very men who had left this post brought a charge against me. He said I was a true and pure Span- iard and did not dare return to France, because of certain crimes which I had committed there. The Captain, already inimical, seized this new pretext to rage, and asked his com- panions what they thought of it ? Did it not seem just to them, that I should be cast on shore and there be aban- doned ? The opinion of the majority prevailed : They wanted me to be carried back to Virginia, and that there, in due form, and according to law, I should be restored to the gallows from which I had escaped. Thus I was saved for the time at least j we resumed at once our voyage to 70J: PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. Virginia ; but two days later we were assailed by such a tempest that our ships were dispersed. We do not know what has become of the others. " After having battled with the storm for three weeks, the Captain [William Turner] of our ship, seeing how many things were wanting, especially water, and that there was no hope of our reaching Virginia soon, determined to take refuge at the Portuguese islands called the Azores. This decision once formed, I, who thought I had escaped the rope that was prepared for me, fell once more into still greater and very much greater peril, since now I had com- panions who shared it with me. In fact, the English as they came near these islands, began to reflect that they were lost, if we were discovered, we, priests and Jesuits ; that we would be set free by the Cathohc Portuguese and that they, on the contrary, would be punished as pirates and persecutors of priests. This anxiety troubled us much. What were we going to do ? Would they throw us into the water ? Would it be enough to hide us ? In the midst of this anguish and these hesitations the Captain sent for me and explained the matter to me. I replied, that for my- self the greatest misfortune in my death was, that I should become the occasion of a crime for others. I promised him, that, if he wished to conceal us, I would further his wishes in all sincerity. " What thoughts did the Lord instill in his mind, that he shoidd trust my words ? I really do not know, but what I do know, is that if he had foreseen the dangers which he had to face thereafter, he would not have listened to me. " He conceals us therefore in the depth of the hold. For three weeks we did not see daylight ; but in the harbor of the island of Fayal there arose so many difficulties and the ship was so often examined, that it is astonishing we should not have been discovered ; the Lord permitted it for the gi-eater Glory of our Society. The English themselves saw clearly, that if we had desired to show ourselves and to denounce them, we had frequent opportunities to do so. - BIARD TO ACQUAVIVA. 705 They subsequently, in England and even in the presence of theii- ministers, praised our loyalty in keeping our word, to the great surprise of the enemies of the Faith. " The Enghsh, after their escape from this danger, de- cided to sail for England rather than for Virginia, which was much farther oft'. They were in want of all that was most necessary for such a voyage. " We steer therefore in the direction of England. The voyage was long and unpleasant. Fogs and darkness made us lose the right way, and we were driven to Wales, not far from Ireland. Our Captam had gone on shore in the little town of Pembroke, in order to procure provisions, when cer- tain appearances made him to be looked upon as a pirate and he was thrown into prison : in order to clear himself he protested that he was no pirate, and in support of his inno- cence, he appealed to the two Jesuits who were on board his ship, saying that if they were questioned, they would make known the truth. What goodness of Divine Provi- dence ! We were in the middle of winter and everything was wantino- on board. If we had not received some assist- ance, we should have perished from cold and suffering. What happened? They immediately sent for the Jesuits and brought them into town, to the great astonishment of everybody. They questioned us as witnesses ; we depose what we knew, that is to say, that the Captain was a King's officer and not a pirate, and that his conduct towards us was an act of obedience and not the result of his own will. " Our Captain was thus restored to liberty, and we with him. They kept us in town with great consideration, until an answer should come from London. We had long to wait. During this time we have had frequent controversies with the ministers, but more frequently still with simple protestants. Everybody was at Hberty to call on us, altho' we were not allowed to leave the house. In everything else we were well treated, as I have said before. " At last we receive order to embark for London. It was a long voyage, and theve occurred several very provoking de- 706 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. lays. Not to enumerate all these details, let it suffice to say that the Kino; of Eno^land sent us to the town of Dover and made us cross from there to Calais, in France. The Gov- ernor of the town of Calais and the Mayor received us very kindly and kept us three days, to recover from our fatigues. We reached afterwards Amiens, where we now are. " We have thus been prisoners for nine and a half months, always on board ship, with the exception, as I said, of the days we spent at Pembroke. For three months we received daily only two ounces of bread and a small piece of salt-fish, and water which was almost always brackish. Hence we were surprised not to be taken sick, while the majority of the Enghsh were sick and some of them even succumbed. Surely, the Lord has kept us, thanks to the prayers of your Fatherhood and of those of our Society. May Heaven in His goodness turn all this to His greater glory, to the im- provement of my life, and to my salvation ! I hope for that, assisted by the prayers and the blessing of your Fatherhood, which I implore most humbly and on my knees, and with all the fervor of which I am capable. " May the Lord Jesus always protect Your Fatherhood and deign to grant you His Mercy, my Very Reverend and very kind Father I " Your Fatherhood's obedient son and unworthy servant. "Pierre Biard. "Amiens, May 26*^^ 1614." CCCXIV. BIARD TO LOUIS XIII. Documents CCCXIV. and CCCXV. were probably not written until 1615 ; but as CCCXII. to CCCXVL, inclusive, are illustrative of each other, I have determined to disregard the dates at which they were written, and to place them all together as being the most convenient arrangement. Biard's Tract, " Relation de la Nouvelle-France ; de ses Terres, Nat- urel du Pays, et de ses Habitans, item du Voyage des Peres Jesuites aux dictes coutrees, et de ce qu' ils y ont faict jus- BIARD TO LOUIS XIII. 707 ques a leur prinse par les Anglois. Faicte par le P. Pierre Biard, grenoblois, de la C'" Cy-dessus," was published at Lyons, France, in 1G16, under the following privilege : " Michel Coyssard, Vice-Provincial of the society of Jesus in the Province of Lyons (under the Privilege granted by the most christian kings to the said society) authorizes Louis Muguet, to print and to sell the Relation, for the term of four years. Done at Lyons the 23"^*^ of January 1616 " [i. e. 13th January, English style]. This tract was reprinted, under the auspices of the Canadian government, at Quebec, in 1858, from a copy of the original edition, preserved in the Imperial Library, Paris, France. In 1871 Dr. O'Calla^ ghan had printed at Albany, N. Y., twenty-five copies m fac- simile, from a copy owned by Rufus King, of Jamaica, L. I. Originals are very rare. I have never seen mention of the sale of a perfect copy ; but I suppose one would be worth $250 or more. The tract contains thirty-seven chapters and an index of the most remarkable things, the whole being about 50,000 words. Much of it does not come within the scope of my work. I will only give the part that does. The tract has been used by several American historians, who have pubhshed extracts therefrom ; but we have no English translation of the whole, as far as I know. Letter Dedicatory of Father Peter Biard of Grenoble of the S. of J. "To the King^ [of France]. " Sire, " If I present to your Majesty this relation of your New France, the description of the country, and a recital of the manners and strana'e customs of the savagfe life of the Can- adians, I am bound to do so by many kinds of duty. Your express order, added to that of your Most Honored Mother,^ then Regent of France, have carried me there, with a few 1 Louis XIII. 2 Mary de Medici was regent from May 14, 1610, to October 2, 1614. 708 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. companions, more effectively than the winds and the tides. Your Royal liberality has maintained me there for several years, and your powerful authority has rescued me from the hands of certain English pirates, who being enemies of our Faith (some seeds of which we cast upon these new Lands in the hope of reaping an abundant harvest, the sole motive of our going and of your command, Sire) caused us to leave the place to our great regret, who have kept us prisoners for several months in their vessel, and a hundred times pre- pared the rope and the gallows to deprive us of life, the respect for Your Majesty alone keeping them from carrying out their wicked designs, especially against my person, whom perhaps divine providence wished to preserve by your inter- position, to be commanded to sail once more for these same regions and to continue the civilisation of this savao^e race. " Having thus escaped from this danger, and still wet from having been shipwrecked in this port of your France, I present on my knees these few sheets as a token of most humble gratitude, for, if I live, if I write, this is (next to God) due to your aid and favor. And having this signal obligation ever before my eyes, I shall unceasingly pray God, with all my brethren of the robe, that your Majesty, increasing in years and in piety, may one day see the Banner of the Cross, with your own Royal Lilies, wave over the most distant lands of the heathen, whilst the great King of Kings prepares for you in heaven a crown of everlasting honor and glory, which I desire for you, after having born your earthly crown long and happily, with the same heart and affection, with which I am, " Your Majesty's very humble and very obedient subject and servant "Pierre Biard." BIARD'S RELATION. 709 CCCXV. BIARD'S RELATION. Chapter XXV. — Our Capture by the English. " Vh'giiiia is that Continent which the Ancients called Morosa, between Florida and New France under the 36. 37 and 38 degrees N. L. This land had been first discovered and taken possession of by Jean Verazan, in the name of Francis I., as has been stated before; but the Eng-Hsh hav- ing afterwards explored it in 1593 and 1594,^ have finally come to inhabit it. Their principal settlement, which they call Jemton, is in a direct line about 250 leagues distant from St. Sauveur, where we were staying. See now, if there was any reason for quarelling w4th us. *• Now these Virginians are in the habit of coming every year to the Pencoit islands, which lie 25 leagues from St. Sauveur, to provide themselves with food (fish) for their winters. Travelling thither ^ in the summer of the year of which we are speaking, 1613, according to their habit, it happened that while at sea they were overtaken by fogs and mists, which, as has been stated, often spread in sum- mer over these lands and seas. As they continued for sev- eral days, the current drove them insensibly much farther N. E. than they thought, for they were perhaps 20 leagues farther into New France than they thought in the neigh- borhood of our harbor, but did not recognise the place. Unfortunately some savages passed by there and went to meet them, thinking that they Avere Frenchmen in search of ourselves. The English understood nothing of their lan- ^ These dates are not correct. well-armed man-of-war to do exactly 2 The English were in this habit of what he did do, — rescue the grant fishing on that coast, and in this way of the North Virginia Colony from they knew something of the move- the encroachment of the French. If ments of the French in those parts, this movement of the French had not There was necessity for secrecy and been stopped in the beginning, it is subterfuge in a matter of this kind ; interesting to think what might have but if we take a full view of the been the history of this country. Even whole case it seems evident that Ar- the least little act of the English in gall went properly commissioned and America at this time was very instru- properly equipped in every way in a mental in shaping its future destiny. 710 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. guage, but from tlieir gestures they gathered easily, that they were given to understand by signs, that there was a ship in the neighborhood, and that this ship was French, for they heard the word Normandia, by which they call us ; and they recognized the ceremonies, which the Savages per- formed in order to please them, as ceremonies of French politeness and courtesy. Hence the English, who were in want of victuals and of all things, ragged, half naked and in search of booty, inquired carefully how large our ship was, how many boats we had how many men, and meeting with ample and very satisfactory information, they uttered joyous cries, showing that that was what they were looking for, and that they should be conducted to us as they wished for nothing better ; and thus they did altho' it was not in the way in which the Savages understood it, for the latter took them to be certain good friends of ours, who were anxious about us and who from friendship desired to see us above all things ; thus one of them remained in their ship with them to conduct them to us ; and this he did the wind having become favorable. The English, as soon as they discovered us, began to prepare for battle, and now the poor fellow of a Savage found out that he had been de- ceived ; upon which he began to weep at his blunder and to curse those who had thus deceived him. Often since has he wept and asked to be pardoned for his adventure by us and by the other Savages, because the other Savages intended to avenge themselves on him for our misfortune thinking that he had been the malicious cause of it. " Now we, when we saw this vessel coming from afar off with full sails, did not know what to think of them, whether they were friends or enemies, French or foreigners, and for this reason the pilot went off in advance in a boat to reconnoitre, while the others took up arms. La Saus- saye remained on shore, with the greater part of the men. Lieutenant La Motte, Ensign Ronfere and Sergeant Jou- bert, and all the more thoughtful went on board the ship. For it was there that the good men among us were to be employed. THE PRINCESS POCAHONTAS BIARD'S RELATION. 711 " The English vessel came on swifter than an arrow, be- ing favored by the wind, the Flag of England displayed, all dressed in red [the red cross of St. George] and three trum- pets and two drums making a great noise. Our pilot, who had gone out to discover who they were, did not return to his ship, because, as he said, the English had the wind on him, and hence, in order not to fall uito their hands he went to make the circuit around an island ; thus it came about that on this occasion the ship was without one half of her crew, and had only ten men to defend herself ; more- over not one of them understood naval warfare unless it was Captain Flory, who certainly was not lacking in cour- age nor skill ; but he had neither time enough to prepare, nor men, so that he could not raise anchor to free liimself, which is, of course, the first thing to be done before begin- ning a battle at sea. It would, besides, have been in vain to raise anchor, because all the sails were secured, for this being summer and as the vessel was lying in port, fearing nothing, they had been stretched in the form of an awning from bord to bord, so as to give shade on deck, and thus they could not easily be loosened in so short a time. But this mishap turned out very fortunate, for our people were well sheltered during the fight, so that the English being- unable to take aim at them with their fire arms fewer men were killed and wounded. " As it is usual when vessels approach each other, to sum- mon them to say who they are, our people cried out sailor- fashion 0. ! But the EngHsli did not reply in the same manner, but far more furiously, with loud discharges of muskets and guns. They had 14 pieces of artillery and 60 musketeers, trained to serve on board ship, who came and charged on deck, on the bowsprit and wherever it was neces- sary, quite as well as soldiers do on land. " The first fire of the English was terrible ; the whole vessel was on fire and full of smoke. From outside came a cool reply ; the artillery was silent. Captain Flory cried in vain : Fire ! Fire the gun ! the gunner was not there. But 712 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. Gilbert du Thet, who in his whole life had never felt fear nor shown himself a coward, when he heard the order and saw that nobody obeyed, took the match and caused us to speak as loud as the enemy ; the misfortune was, that he did not take aim, and if he had done so, perhaps something worse might have happened, than the mere noise. " The Englishman after this first discharge moved his ship aside and held an anchor ready to board us. Captain Flory very opportunely withdrew his vessel, which stopped the enemy and made him turn aside, for he was afraid that if he persued, he might be drawn upon shoals ; then seeing our ship in motion and being thus reassured, he began the attack once more with musketry fire as before. It was dur- ing this second discharge that Father du Thet received a shot that passed thro' his body, and fell backwards on the deck ; Captain Flory also was wounded in the foot and three other places, whereupon they made signs and cried out that they surrendered. Surely the parties were ill matched. At this cry the English jumped into their boat to reach the ship; our people, mislead by bad advice, also jumped into their boat to reach land, for they were afraid of the coming of the victors. These, however, were on board our ship before they had gotten away ; so they took to crying out to them, to return, and to enforce the order, they opened fire upon them ; two of our people were so frightened by this, that they threw themselves into the water, as I think, in order to swim to shore ; but they were drowned, either because they were already wounded, or, what is more likely, because they were hit and killed in the water. These were two very promising young companions, one from Dieppe, called Le Moine, the other called Neven, from the town of Beauvais. Their bodies were not recovered till nine days later ; means were found to draw them on land and to bury them decently. " Such was the capture of our vessel." BIARD'S RELATION. 713 " Chapter XXVI. — The plundering of our ship and our people, the anguish we endured. "The victorious English came on shore, where we had our tents and our houses, just begun, and sent out in all directions in search of our Captain, saying that they wanted to see our commissions ; that this land belonged to them, wherefor they had fallen upon us, when they found us here ; but that if we should be able to show that we had acted in good faith, and that we had come there under authority from our sovereign, they would respect that, as they wished in no way to imperil the good understanding between our two kinsfs. The misfortune was that La Saus- saye could not be found, whereupon the shrewd and cun- ning Englishman seized our trunks, broke them open indus- triously, and having found in them our commissions and Royal Patents, seized them ; then putting everything else back in its place, just as they had found it, they nicely locked the boxes again. When Captain La Saussaye appeared on the day following, the English Captain, who had learnt his lesson well, received him kindly and asked him the first questions with great urbanity, but then com- ing to the point, he demanded to see his commissions, so that there might be no doubt whatever, when they should really have before them the words and the authority of our Master, the King. La Saussaye replied that the papers were in his boxes. They brought these boxes in and before he opened them with his keys, they warned him to look well if anybody had touched them ; for, they them- selves went very simply to work. La Saussaye acknowl- edged that everything was in perfect order, but he could not find his letters ! Now the English Captain changed his looks and his voice and, becoming very stiff, he said : How is this ? You are an impostor ! You give us to understand that you are commissioned by your king and yet you can- not produce any evidence. You are, all of you, outlaws and pirates. You deserve death ! And thereupon he divided out the booty among his soldiers, consuming the 714 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, IGOO^ULY, 1614. whole afternoon in this business. . . . [Describes the plundering of the English.] " I have told you that Father Du Thet was pierced by a musket ball during the fight ; when the English boarded our ship, they put him, as well as the other wounded, in the hands of their surgeon. This surgeon was a Catholic and known as such ; he was a very kind hearted person and rendered us a thousand kind services. . . . [Personal mat- ters,^ — the brave death of Father Gilbert du Thet ; — the Jesuits, their services, etc.] " Now he [Captain Argall] had a thorn in his side which gave him great trouble : this was that the pilot and the sailors had run away, and he could hear nothing of them. This pilot, called le Bailleur, from the town of Rouen, having gone off to reconnoitre as was stated above. ... I fancied that this was the reason why the English Captain deter- mined not to treat us worse, altlio' he was strongly inclined to do so, as I afterwards concluded from our experience. He was, to be sure, a very clever and cunning captain, but still a gentleman, with truly noble courage ; his men also were neither inhuman nor cruel in their treatment of any of us." . . . " Chapter XXVII. — The means discovered to return to France and how thirty of our peoj)le reached there after many difficulties. " The English Captain, called Samuel Argal and his lieu- tenant, called William Turnel, began to treat with our Cap- tain La Saussaye about our return, as they had promised. The English offered very unfair conditions, but to cut the matter short, the conclusion was that they left us the one sloop which remained of the two we had before, and told us to go wherever God might lead us. The English Cap- tain, a very cautious man, wanted a written acknowlgedment, ^ I havo omitted several passages of things, however, are spoken of in a personal character, and others of no CCCXII. and CCCXIII. special interest to us. Some of these BIARD'S RELATION. 715 signed by Captain La Saussaye, in which he admitted that this decision had been come to by his own choice. . . . [Father Biard then explains that 30 persons could not sail in so small a vessel.] The English replied that this was not the impression of Captain La Saussaye, but that if we wished to lighten the sloop he would find means to do so, by taking back to Virginia those artisans who were willing, provicted that they were not compelled to change their reli- gion and that they were to be sent back to France after a years service. Three accepted this offer. " The Sieur de la Motte had in like manner consented from the beginning to accompany the English Captain to Vir- ginia, who had fancied him much, because he found him sword in hand, and discovered in him several other good qualities — which was very profitable to our men. He was, moreover, allowed to take with him several other persons who were to enjoy the same favor as he did. Captain Flory finally decided to try his fortune in the same way, as hopes were held out to him that thus he might recover his vessel. Father Biard requested that four of them, viz ; two Jesuits and two others, might be taken to Pencoit Island and that there they might be recommended to the English, fishermen who are usually there, so that in this way they might be enabled to return to France — a request which the- English Captain most readily granted. In this way the sloop was entirely relieved and our own men were divided into three equal parties : fifteen remained with the pilot j fif- teen stayed with the English, and fifteen went on board the sloop left to them. Of these fifteen Father Ennemond Masse was one. . . . [Biard then tells of the adventures, the com- ing together, etc., of the fifteen under La Saussaye and the pilot's party, and of their return to France, where they arrived probably late in September, 1613.] " Chapter XXVIII. — The voyage to Virginia and the return to New France. " God be blessed. Here were now two thirds of our com- 716 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-nJULY, 1614. pany safely back in France, among- their Friends and tlieir Kindred, who hsten to them as they tell their great adven- tures. Hence you would naturally wish to know what had become of the remaining third who had been left behind in the hands of the EngHsh. Certainly a much longer and more varied fate awaits them and they will not escape with- out serious losses. " The English had now three vessels ; viz, their own with which they had captured us, of a hundred and thhty tons, ours, which they had taken, of a hundred tons, and a bark of twelve tons, which they had likewise obtained from us and would not let us have again to enable us to return. They filled these three vessels with their own people, and distributed us among them. The Sieur de la Motte, Cap- tain Flory, and one half of the whole remainder, amounting in all to eight persons, remained on board the Capitanesse, and the others, numbering seven, remained on board the captured vessel of which Lieutenant Turnel was made com- mander. " Now, as a beginning of our misfortunes, they did not take the Jesuits to the Pencoit Islands, as had been prom- ised, but carried them straight to Virginia, with the rest of the troop, comforting them with pleasant hopes, in as much as, said they, the Marshall of Virginia [Dale] who had full power and authority of jurisdiction, was a great friend of the French, having won all of his principal distinctions by the recommendation of the late Henry the Great, and having been his soldier and his pensioner. This they fre- quently preached to us. But our preachers did not take their text from the Gospels. For this fine Marshall, who as they said, was such a friend and patron of the French, when he heard an account of us, spoke of nothing but of ropes and gallows and of hanging every one of us. We were frightened terribly and some lost their peace expect- ing nothing less but that they would have to mount a lad- der ignominiously and dangle miserably by a rope. But Captain Argal showed himself generous in our defence ; for BIARD'S RELATION. 717 he resisted the aforesaid Marshall, insisting upon the pledge he had given, and when he found himself too weak to op- pose, he made known publicly our commissions and Royal Patents, which I mentioned to you before, and which he had surreptitiously obtained from La Saussaye's boxes. And this was the way we found out that he had employed such a ruse, for otherwise we should never have heard any- thinof about it. The Marshall, seeinq; these Patents of His Most Christian Majesty, and the determination of the Cap- tain, did not dare go any farther ; and thus after some days spent in great apprehension, they informed us that their promises should be kept. " Now, how they would keep them, and what means they would find to send us back to France that was the great question. The General [Gates], the Marshall [Dale] and all the chief officers of Virg-inia assembled in Council. The result thereof and the conclusion to which they came, was to do worse than ever, since they thought they had it in their power ; for it was resolved that Captain Argal, should, with his three ships, go back to New France, pillage and raze to the oround all the fortifications and settlements of the French which he might find on the whole way up to Cape Breton, that is to say, as far as the 46^ degree N. L.,* as they lay claim to the whole territory ; that he should hang La Saussaye and all of his men whom he might find to have remained within these limits ; that he should likemse plunder all the vessels he might meet with, allowing, how- ever, such persons as should make no resistance, to return to France ; and that we, old prisoners, should be treated in the same way as these people, whose lives were thus to be spared. Such were their conclusions. But God was on High ; and as you will hear, He decreed it other^ase, with regard to several points. According to this decision, Argal resumed once more the voyage to New France ; but this time stronger than before, in as much as he had three ships, 1 Cape Breton is in about 40° N. L. Biard stretches his points as a person They only laid claim as far as 4o° N. L. making a special plea is prone to do. 718 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. and greater expectations, because the booty he had obtamed from us increased his cujDidity and his hopes. But he took only one half of our people with him, I do not know why. On board his ship Avere Captain Flory and four others ; on board Lieutenant Turnels, which was our boat captured by them, were the two Jesuits and a boy. " The first stopping-place was St. Sauveur, for they ex- pected here to encounter La Saussaye, and a recently ar- rived shi]3. They were mistaken, in as much as La Saus- saye was in France, as has been said ; they burnt our works and cut down our Cross, but erected another as a siofn that they had taken possession of the land, as rightful owners. " This cross had the name of the Kino- of Great Britain carved on it. They also hanged here one of their men, charged with conspiracy, at the very place, at which eight days before they had cut down our first Cross. From St. Sauveur they sailed for St. Croix, a former settlement of the Sieur de Monts. . . . [Argall asked Biard to guide them, and he refused.] Nevertheless Argal searched high and low, and examined all of their places so carefully, that by comparing them with the maps which he had taken from us, he at last discovered the place himself ; he carried away from there a good supply of salt, which he found there, burnt the dwelling, and destroyed every token of French names and French claims, as he had been commanded to do. " Chapter XXIX. — The taking and burning of Port Royal.^ Two great dangers threatening Father Biard. " Captain Argal had destroyed St. Croix, but did not know how to reach and sail for Port Royal, according to the orders he had received, and this all the more as he feared he might be lost on such a dangerous coast without a pilot. . . . [Knowing it to be useless to ask Biard or any Frenchman, he looks for and finds an Indian Sagamo, and under his guid- ance he reached Port Royal. See CCCXVI.] When the ^ Now called Annapolis. BIARD'S RELATION. 719 English landed they found not a soul in the fort, and shoes and clothinof scattered all about. " Thus they rejoiced doubly at this capture first because they met, contrary to all expectation, with no resistance at all, and secondly because they secured a good deal of booty, which they had not expected. . . . [Personal matters relative to Father Biard. He mentions that it was the end of Octo- ber ^ when Argall was searching for Port Royal ; an Eng- lish Piu'itan, the master of the large shij), more malicious than the others all together agamst the Jesuits ; Frenchmen at Port Royal unfriendly to Biard, etc.] " Now the aforesaid Captain having carried off from Port Royal whatever seemed to huu convenient down to the planks, latches, locks, and nails, set fire to it, a very pitiable thing, for thus, in an hour or two were reduced to ashes the work and expenditure of many years and of meritorious per- sons. Oh that it would please the Lord to let that same fire destroy in Hke manner all the sins that may have been com- mitted at this place,^ so that they might never arise again in any other place, nor ever provoke the just and fearful veng-eance of our Lord ! " The English, as I have stated elsewhere, destroyed every- where the monuments and all other evidences of French supremacy ; nor did they forget to do so here, going so far as to use pick and chisel in a large, massive stone, on which were enoTaved the names of the Sieur de Monts with other Captains, and the liHes of France. " This being done, they raised anchor to leave the place, but they were kept by bad weather for three or four days, at the mouth of the harbour. " Whilst they were lying here at anchor, a Frenchman belonging to this port . . . [shows his unfriendliness to Biard by telling the English that he was a ' genuine Span- iard ; ' and other personal matters]. ^ Biard's dates are, of course, New Port Royal had not always been pleas- Style, ant. SeeCCCXVI. ^ His relations with the officers at 720 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. " Chapter XXX. — Dei3arture from Port Royal ; divers adventures of the ships, and how we were compelled to stop at the Azores. " On the ninth of November of this year 1613, the Eng- lish left Port Royal intending to return to their Virginia and there to enjoy their booty during the coming winter. . . . " On the second day after our departure on the eve of St. Martin, so terrible a storm arose, that it scattered our three vessels in such a way, that they never encountered each other afterwards, but sailed, every one in a different direc- tion. " The bark has never been seen since, and no report has ever reached us from her, so that nobody doubts but she has gone down, with the six Englishmen, who were on board. " The new Captainesse, which Argal commanded in spite of the tempest, safely reached Virginia in three weeks or thereabouts. The Marshall, of whom we have spoken before, heard with delight from Captain Argal all that had hap- pened. . . . " The two Jesuits and a French boy were in the captured vessel, which had been handed over to Captain Turnel. . . . [Biard describes the storm ; the ship driven by it for six- teen days; then provisions get low; they finally determine to give up trying to reach Virginia, and to sail directly to the Azores ; kill the horses taken at Port Royal ; horseflesh quite pleasing to the taste of the Jesuits ; Cajjtain Turnel * spoke good French and several other common languages, besides Greek and Latin which he understood well, being a man of fine intellect, who had studied well ; ' the many good qualities of Father Biard, etc.] " Chapter XXXI. — How the vessel was visited at the Azores and the good faith of the Jesuits towards the Eng- lish. [This chapter is devoted to showing the faithfulness of the Jesuits, while the English were at the Azores. It gives the same story, but much more particularly than in CCCXII. and CCCXIIL] JOHN POULETT Fir^t Pnron Pmi/rlf BIARD'S RELATION. 721 " Chapter XXXII. — Arrival in England and Libera- tion of the Jesuits. " The EngHsh were kept busy three whole weeks at this island, which we call Fayal, during which time the poor Jesuits never saw the sun. Now because the aforesaid Eng- Hsh were without money, they could not there reprovision themselves, and this determined them not to try the return to Virginia ; but to sail back to England, and this all the more as they now found themselves in this year 1G14, which was the term of their service. *^ Now when we were thus trying to make for England, the tempest cast us out of La Manche (as it is called), that is out of the channel which is between England and France and compelled us to seek shelter in the harbour of Milfier [Mil- ford], in the Province of Wales. There once more our pro- visions gave out, which compelled our Captain to go to Pem- broke, the principal city of this district and Vice- Admiralty ; but at Pembroke he was arrested falling under the suspicion of piracy. This suspicion arose from the fact that he and his men were Englishmen, and yet their vessel was built after French models, which made them think he had come from the port of Gryp, on the Larcin Islands beyond Cape Escumant. The Captain explained as well as he could by simply telling the truth, but they would not believe him, especially because he had no commission, nor could he have any since, being only a lieutenant, he followed his captain and had only by accident been separated from him, by the storm of which you have heard. " On this account he was finally compelled to produce in evidence of his uprightness the two Jesuits which he had on board his ship, men without reproach, as he said, and as they were. " Immediately by order of the Magistrate the aforesaid Jesuits were summoned on shore and examined in court with great respect. They stated the actual facts, and upon the strength of their deposition the Captain was acknowledged to be a gentleman and a man of honour, provided only that 722 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. our difficulties concernino' New France were to be submitted to the ldng\ Nevertheless we had to remain a very long time at this place Pembroke, awaiting answers from Lon- don ; for it had become necessary to send there partly in order to obtain money, and partly to report the matter to the High Admiral and the Company of Merchants, who were in charge of Virginia. " And here it is that my admiration is stopped with my breath and with my steps, to exclaim with the Wise Man : That the dispensations of Divine Providence are truly made by compass, counted by Nvmiber, measured by weig-ht and Balance down to the half of a grain. For this call of the Jesuits was, no doubt, a contrivance of this paternal Provi- dence, which everywhere assisted them ; and this all the more so as, if they had remained on board ship, being in entire des- titution in the midst of winter (for this was in February), and for four weeks uninterruptedly, it is probable they would have perished with cold and starvation ; but now, by means of this summons, they became known to the Judge, who being a very great and honorable personage, having under- stood how badly they were off on board the ship, gave them lodgings at the Mayor's house, and paid for them, saying that they might pay him back, when they had the means to do so, for otherwise, he said, it would be a great disgrace to us, if such honest and learned men should not meet com- mon courtesy among us. This good ' Seigneur ' is called Nicholas Adams, vice-Admiral of said Pembroke. " Now during this detention, all kinds of people came to call upon them and some from a distance, curious as they were to see Jesuits in their costume, such as they wore then and always have worn till their return to France. "Ministers, magistrates, gentlemen and others came to confer with them. Even a Lord of the Privy Council wanted to have the pleasure of seeing them meet four min- isters in public disputation : I call them ministers so as to be understood by the French, for in England they call them Priests. At the head of the meeting was an Archdeacon, BIARD'S RELATION. 723 because the English still retain much of the CathoHc Church, as the order of the hierarchy of the Church, Archbishops Bishops, Priests, Archpriests, Archdeacons, Curates, Canons, &c., the Laying on of hands by Bishoj^s in the consecration of priests, and the minor orders, as well as in the confirma- tion of children, the Holy Oil and ceremonies, the sign of the cross, its image and other images, the singing of psalms and the Litany, the prescribed holidays of male and female saints, Vigils, Fasts, Lent, the abstinence from meat on Fri- days and Saturdays, the sacerdotal costumes and consecrated vessels. And those who condemn all these things, as the Calvinists of Scotland and France do, and call them dam- nable superstitions and inventions of the Antichrist, are by the Eno'lish called Puritans and detested like an abominable o plague. " When at last a reply came from London it was found that the French Ambassador had been informed of the arrival of the vessel, and was now negotiating the surrender, especially of the Jesuits, as he had been commanded to do by His Most Christian Majesty. " This was another result of Divine Providence, that by means of our arrest and detention in the province of Wales, it should become known to everybody, for we had very clear indications, of which you will presently see some, that if the merchants in whose hands is the administration of Virginia, had had their way, not one foreigner who had ever been found within the said Virginia, would ever have been allowed to return to his own country. " To make a quick end to our relation, note that the Jesuits were carried by a long round-about way to the har- bour of Sandwich, and from thence, by order of the King, back again to Dover, and from Dover to Calais, where they thanked God for so many signal mercies of His, and for His special providence, having good ground for this, since they had been kept nine months and a half ^ in the hands of the Enoflish. ^ The Jesuits were taken at St. Saviour about the middle of July, 1G13; 724 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. " The Sieur d' Arquien, governor of this aforesaid Calais, and Monsieur la Boulaye, mayor, gave them a most hearty welcome and furnished them with the means required to enable them to return to their college at Amiens. " Chapter XXXIII. — Retmn of the Sieur de la Motte [April, 1614], of Captain Flory [July, 1614] and of some others, and the surrender of the vessel. " Soon after this liberation of the Jesuits, God also res- cued in His Mercy almost the whole remaining number of shipwrecked men in this way : — " The boy that was with the Jesuits, caUed Guillaume Crito, was taken to London, and from thence sent back to his father at Honfleur. " At the same time the Sieur de la Motte came also back to England on board a vessel from the Bermudas, which had stopped in Virginia. " Captain Argal contended most generously with Marshall Thomas Deel (of whose great bitterness of temper you have heard us speak) so as to secure permission for the aforesaid Sieur de la Motte to return Hkewise and obtained it at last. " Now the said Sieur de la Motte was very much aston- ished to find that suddenly from the time of his arrival in England, no one spoke to him any longer, no one came to see him, he was forsaken by everybody, and the worst was that he was taken sick on board the vessel. He at once suspected the danger which threatened him, and from whence it came, namely, from the Virginia Merchants, wlio in Virginia in August and Septem- James, to Dover and to Calais, where ber; again on New England coast in they probably arrived about the first October; sailed from Port Royal Oc- week in May (0. S.), 1614. tober 30 ; at Fayal three weeks until As I have said, it seems that Lieu- January, 1614; at Milford Haven in tenant William Turner and the Jesuits, February ; four weeks at Pembroke, Sir Thomas Gates and the Sieur de la awaiting answers from London until Motte from Virginia, and Captain La March (?). They were taken around to Saussaye from France, all reached the Sandwich about April ; and being re- neighborhood of london about April leased were sent thence (late in April 1614, probably, just before the debate or early in May), by order of King in Parliament of April 20, 1014. BIENCOURT'S COMPLAINT. 725 would have liked to get rid of liim, and did not know how. He tried, therefore, very cunningly, and in the end success- fully, to make his condition known to Monsieur de Bisseaux, the very worthy ambassador of his most Christian Majesty, who immediately sent two gentlemen to him, so that he was set free and well treated, as he fully deserved by his courage and liis valor. "At this same time [April, 1614] also Madame de Guerche\'ille sent La Saussaye to London, there to solicit the liberation of the vessel, and compensation for such in- iquitous robbery. The vessel has been restored, but noth- ing else has up to the present moment been received. " And now at the very moment when our ship, being once more set free, was winging its way towards France, its native land, here comes Captain Flory, [in July, 1614:] its Master, as if by special appointment, to take charge of it and to assume command. Captain Argal, had once more freed it from the hands of the Marshall, coming back to England with him (Flory) and two other Frenchmen. Cer- tainly this said Argal has shown himself such that we de- sii'e hmi to have an opportunity of serving a better cause, and one in which his true nobility of heart may show itself, not in the ruin but in the support of honorable men. " Out of our whole number three died in Virginia, and four are there still, everything being done that can be done towards their liberation also. May God in His mercy give them patience and let them derive from our affliction all the good that His providence and loving kindness may in- tend. Amen ! " CCCXVI. BIENCOURT'S COMPLAINT. July 8, (0. S.) 1614. An extract from the " History of New France" by Marc Lescarbot. Paris, 1618, 8vo, pp. 686-690. ..." Now, if in justice, the first plaintiff and informer is accepted to the prejudice of him, who comes recrim- 726 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1609-JULY, 1614. Defence of inatiiig, the Sieur de Poutrincourt will beyond the Jesuits, doubt have the question decided in his favor. For the apology of Father Biart dates only from the year sixteen hundred and sixteen/ and the complaint of the aforesaid ^ Sieur ' j^resented to the Judge of the Admiralty of ' Guyenne au siege de la Rochelle/ is dated the eight- eenth of July sixteen hundred and fourteen, of which these are the contents : — " ^ Messire Jean de Biencourt, Knight Lord of Poutrin- court, Baron of Samt Just, lord of Port-Royal and the ad- jacent lands in New-France, reports to you that on the last day of the month of December last he left this city and sent out of this port and harbour a vessel of sixty-two tons, or there abouts, called ' La prime de la tremblade/ to sail and to go straightways in the direction of Port Royal, where it arrived on the seventeenth of last March, and being there, he fomid out by the report of Charles de Biencourt, his eldest son, vice-Admiral and Lieutenant-General in the lands. Countries and Seas of all New France, that the commander of some Englishmen being in Virginia, distant one hundred and twenty leagues, or thereabouts, from aforesaid harbour, sent by persuasion of Pierre Biart, a Jesuit, to said port one large vessel, of two to three hundred tons, another of one hundred tons or thereabouts, and one large bark, with a number of men, Avho on the day of the feast of AUsaints last, landed there, and guided by the said Biart, went to where the said Sieur de Poutrincourt made his habitation, ^ CCCXVI., I believe, is only to Port Royal in October, 1G13, as given be found in the 1618 edition of Les- in CCCXVI., is very different from carbot. CCCXIII., CCCXV., and his own account given in CCCXIII. CCCXVI. strongly illustrate the un- and CCCXV. certainty of data where there is any Of course there are other illustra- controversy, and the necessity of hav- tive materials for Argall's voyages in ing all the evidence before us when Champlain's and other works ; but I we attempt to pass a just verdict; and am only attempting to give data writ- even then, when the controversy is de- ten before 1617 ; and only such as has cidedly partisan, we can scarcely ever a special bearing on the English in decide with any certainty. The ac- America, count of Father Biard's conduct at BIENCOURT'S COMPLAINT. 727 and for the convenience of the latter, and of the French dwellers there, had built a small, square fort, which had been left without protection, the said Sieur de Biencourt having gone along the coast to visit his people, with the greater part of his men, in order to keep them in amity and good will ; besides that at this place there was no rea- son to fear anything, since there was no war against any one, and hence there was no probability that at that very time any foreign vessels should come to this said port and settlement : and as for all his other men, they were two leagues from there, cultivating the ground. And upon this encounter the said English plundered all that there was in this said settlement, took all the ammunition that was there, and all the provisions, merchandise and other articles, de- molished and took to pieces the timber for building and for carpenter's work which they thought might be useful to tliem and carried them to their ships. This being done, they moreover set fire to the place. And not content with this (impelled and led by the said Biart) they destroyed, with a sledge-hammer, the King's Coat of Arms, engraved on a rock, together with the arms of the said Sieur de Poutrincourt, and those of the Sieur de Monts. Then, they went to a distant wood, a league off, from said settlement and took a number of SAvine, which had been driven there, to pasture and to eat the mast, and beyond that, to a meadow, where they kept the horses, mares and foals and took all. Then under the guidance of said Biard they, went to the place wdiere the farm work was going on, to seize those who were there, whose sloop they took and not being able to take them (because they retired under a hill side) The said Biart left the English and went to this same hill, to induce those who were there to abandon the said de Biancourt, and to go with him and the aforesaid English, to that before mentioned place of Virginia. To which they not being willing to agree, he withdrew with the said Eng- lish, and embarked in one of the aforesaid vessels. But before they sailed, the said de Biencourt arrived there ; who, 728 PERIOD III. NOVEMBER, 1G09-JULY, 1614. seeing what had happened, took himself to a wood, and sent for the Captain of said EngUsh, pretending that he wished to treat with him, so as to be able to surround him, and to try by these means to gain some advantage for the evil he had done. But he conceived some mistrust and was not willing to come on shore. When the said Sieur de Bien- court saw this, he showed himself, and then when the said Captain said that he wished to speak to him, he replied to him, that, if he would come on shore, he would not repent of it. Thereupon, after they had mutually pledged their word and promised not to act nor to speak treacherously, the said Captain came on shore, with one companion, and remained for nearly two hours with the said de Biencourt, to whom, the same Captain explained the artifices which the said Biart employed in order to induce the Commander of said Englishmen to go to that afore mentioned place. Where said de Biencourt remained with his men from the day and feast of All Saints to the twenty-seventh of March ^ (when the said Sieur de Poutrincourt, his father, went there) without any provisions, compelled to eat roots, herbs and the buds of trees. And when the ground was frozen and they could find neither herbs, nor roots, nor go through the for- ests, they were forced to go among the rocks in search of the herbs growing on them, by which means some and these among the most robust, not being able to support themselves, had died of starvation, and the others had been very sick, and would have likewise died, without the assistance they received upon the arrival of said Sieur de Poutrincourt, to whom all the above has been represented on several and vari- ous occasions by his said son and others, who were with him, in the presence of those of the crew of said vessel, called La Prime, which he had taken there from this town, i,7wwcii he arrived on the . . . day of this month [July, 1614]. And altho.' he and his said son, having formally deposed all the above — to whom credit is due — in consideration of their ^ Sr."Jer1, 1613, to March JI, 161^ BIENCOURT'S COMPLAINT. 729 rank, nevertheless desire to submit them to His Majesty, and to Monseigneur the Admiral, whose lieutenant the said de Bieneourt is in those countries, so as to testify to the whole of it, as may be needed, in order that their truth- fulness may be the less doubted. And for this end the said Sieur de Poutrincourt would like to have the afore- said crew examined and questioned on these above-men- tioned facts and on the condition in which he found the place, where that said settlement, called Port-Royal, was, according to the deposition which he caused to have drawn up about this matter. In consideration of this &c. Let it be communicated to the King's Attorney General &c. July 18'^ 1614. " ^ Signed. P. Guillaudeau.' " [Mem. — I have found no very clear account of the voy- ages of the Harlies and Hobson to our New England coast ; but I believe there were two, one in 1611 by Captain Edward Harlie and Captain Nicholas Hobson, and another, which sailed in June, 1614, under Captain Henrie Harlie (or Hawley) and Captain Nicholas Hobson. The exact date of the return is not known to me.] PERIOD IV. FROM THE RETURN OF ARGALL IN JULY, 1614, TO THE RETURN OF DALE IN JULY, 161G. From the beginning the existence of the colony had really depended on the managers of the enterprise in Eng- land ; but during this period it became evident that the colony would finally be more than self-sustaining. Day was breaking. Spain saw that England would never give up her hold on America, and the destiny of this continent was firmly vested in the hands of the Anglo-Saxon. [Mem. — The Treasurer, Captain Argall, sailed from Vir- ginia about the 18th of June, 1614, and arrived in England in July following, bringing Ralph Hamor, the author of CCCXXVII., Rolfe's letter to Dale (CCCXXVIII.), Dale to Rev. D. M. (CCCXXIX.), Whitaker to Master G. (CCCXXX.), Molina's letter of April ^ (CCCXXV.), Mo- lina's letter of June it CCCXXVI.) ; the depositions of the French in Virginia, and other documents now unknown ; also Captain Flory and two other Frenchmen.] CCCXVII. VIRGINIA COUNCIL TO PRIVY COUNCIL. Soon after Argall returned, to the letter of the Privy Council (CCXCVL), the Council of Virginia sent the fol- lowing reply. The reply of the Virginia Council, 1614, in defense of Argall. [Cotton MSS. Otho E. 829.] From the " Boston Daily Advertiser " of August 31, 1870, and the " Proceed- ings of the Mass. Hist. Society," 1884. ..." To the substance of the first complaint : That it SIR WALTER RALEGH VIRGINIA COUNCIL TO PRIVY COUNCIL. 731 is true Captain Argall did take a French ship within the hmits of our Colony, who went about to plant contrary to the extent and privilege of his Majesty's letters patent to us granted. That he did it by the command of the gov- ernor of our Colony by his commission to him given under the seal of the Colony, and by virtue of such authority as is to him derived from his Majesty's great seal of England. " That whereas it is said, it was 200 leagues from our plantation, intimating thereby that it was out of our limits, we say the coast lying next E. N. E. and W. S. W. many more hundred leagues will not deliver them without our borders, we havmg granted unto us from 34 to 45 degrees of north latitude ; and from E. to W. from one sea to an- other, with a certain clause that if any other nations should get land to the north of 45 degrees, and by any river or lake, or by land travel should come to the southwards, to plant behmd our backs, that it should be lawful for our governor to resist, displant, and take by force any that should make such attempt. " And we do further avow that the said ship was taken between 43 and 44 degi*ees, which in express limitation is within his Majesty's grant and is annexed to his royal crown. And that this is proved by the several confessions of divers of the French examined by Sir Thomas Dale, and certified accordingly unto us by him. And that the said Captam Argall, besides his several commissions for his jus- tification to us showed, hath further produced unto [us] a testimonial or certificate under the seal of our Colony, that he hath in these his voyages no way exceeded the commis- sions to him given . . . that upon the cross-examination . . . certified the said ship and other . . . Letters Patents, and that therefore we suppose [he should] be wholly for the fact excusable. " Concerning the aggravation of circumstances. AVe [re- ply] Argall had not above 60. men in his ship. That the [French] first shot at him ; and that all the ^-ictuals, mu- nition, utensils for plantation, besides the ship and her 732 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. app[urtenances], which was redelivered at the request of the French A[mbassador], was not to the value of £200. sterUng-, as we are [able to] prove by the several inventories delivered by the F[rencli to] the Marshall of Virginia, and together with their [examinations] unto us certified. " Secondly, to the imputation of inhumanity used by him [to his] prisoners, we say it is wholly false. That neither Monsieur Saussaye nor any other were detained as prison- ers, but that he went and returned from ship to shore at pleasure. That Captain Argall did propound to them three offers, — "1. First, to give them a small pinnace, with sufficient victuals [to] carry them all into France. " 2. Secondly, to give them passage from thence to the bank, 120 leagues from Cape Brittayne, there to meet cer- tayne French shipping. " 3. Thirdly, to give Monsieur Saussy, their Captain, a shallop, and as [many] of his men as he would choose, with sufficient provision to their own wage, and to carry the resi- due [with him] into Virginia. [And] that condition was chosen by the Captain, and accordingly performed. " These offers are proved by the confession of Monsieur Saussay, his two Jesuits, the Master, and at least ten other of the Company, which are ready to be shown, with many attestations of great humanity and . . . courtesy showed to them. . . . " And tliat these our reasonable answers considered, the King of France is neither in his Homs' [Honours ?] nor title any way injured by the just defense of our own, and maintenance of those limits and extent of territory given unto us by his Majesty's Letters Patents many years before the French had any footing to the south of Canada. " Neither hath Madame de Guercheville any reason to expect reparation having entered without our leave, within our limits and dominion, by force to plant or trade, con- trary to the good correspondence and league of these two most royal Kings. And that if any particular be hereof REPLY OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL. 733 doubted or replied unto, we will be ready to give testimony and further answer thereunto." CCCXVIII. REPLY OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL. After receiving CCCXVIL, the Privy Council made the following reply to the French complaints. Published in the " Proceedings of the Mass. Hist. Soci- ety/' 1884. My copy was made for me (in the original French) at the British Museum in 1883, and translated for me by Professor Scheie De Vere of the University of Vir- ginia. This translation is a little different from that pub- Hslied by the Massachusetts Historical Society. " Reply to the complaints presented to the King by the Sieur de Bisseaux, resident Ambassador to the King. From the most Christian King. [See note to CCXCL] " First as to the complaint concerning Newfoundland." The reply to this complaint reviews the history of New- foundland from the year 1496, when " Robert Thorne and Hugh Eliot, merchants of the city of Bristow, sent to sea certain ships for discovery under the conduct of Sebastian Cabot," to the year 1614. " The reply to the third complaint concerning the whale fishery." See CCLXXXVIII. and CCXCVI. " Reply to the fourth complaint concerning Virginia. "Captain Argol admits that he has taken the French ship in question, within the limits of our Colony on account of this, that contrary to the privileges granted the said Company by Letters Patent from the King, it attempted to intrude and establish itself there by force, and that what he has done in this matter, has been done by virtue of the commission, which had been granted to him under the seal of the said Company for that very purpose, which authority is derived from the special powers granted by His Majesty to said Colony under his Great Seal, and that nevertheless the said vessel has been returned at the request of the 734 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. Ambassador. Notwithstanding which reply His Majesty wishing to show the Ambassador the wish he cherishes to give him all the contentment and satisfaction possible, has caused orders to be issued, that the said Captain Argol shall be produced to account for what he has done, at any time and whenever the Ambassador shall desire it. And that Turner, his lieutenant, shall in like manner be pro- duced as soon as he can be apprehended." . . . " The Reply to the sixth complaint was touching the arrest and seizure of vessels," and " the Reply to the eighth complaint was touching The Marchioness de Guerche- ville : — As to Madame the Marchioness of Guercheville, she has no reason to complain ; nor to hope for any repara- tion ; seeing that her ship entered by force the territory of the said Colony to settle there, and to trade without their permission, to the prejudice of our treaties and of the good understanding there is between our kings." . . . Indorsed : " D[elivere]d ye Fr[ench] Amb[assador by] Mons" Edmo[ndes].^ 1614. Answer to the French Com- playntes." CCCXIX. LORKIN TO PUCKERING. Rev. Thomas Lorkin to Sir Thomas Puckering, Bart., July 21, 1614. ..." From the Bermudas news is freshly arrived,^ that there have been there lately two Spanish ships, with a little frigate sounding the way before them. Upon the first dis- covery of them, the Governor of the island sent forth a small vessel towards them, to learn what they were, who, perceiving them to be Spaniards, presently returned and advertised the Governor thereof, who presently saluting them with a friendly shot of artillery, they rendered him his salute, and instantly retired." — From Birch's " Court and Times of James I." vol. i. p. 337. 1 Sir Thomas Edmonds, ambassa- ^ This news probably " 3.rrived " on dor of the king of England, resident the vessel which brought Captain Dan- in France, embarked for France in iel Elfrith. the ship Answer, on the '25th July, 16U. — 3d Kept. MS. Com. p. 292b. JAMES I. TO STATES GENERAL. 735 [Mem. — " July 29'\ Court Minutes of the East India Company. Sale by the Candle of Calicoes, Silks, &c ; also of two boxes of ambergris, belonging to the Virginia Com- pany, at £3. 1* and <£3. 2* an oz."] CCCXX. JAMES I. TO STATES GENERAL. From London " Documents relating to the Colonial His- tory of New York," Albany, 1853, vol. iii. p. 9. " High and Mighty Lords, Our good Friends and Al- lies ! " We cannot but acknowledge the favor, which through regard for us, you have done to Sir Thomas Dale, Mar- shall of Virginia, by permitting him to absent himself for some time from your service, to which he should have already returned, had not all of that Colony, where he has right worthily comported himself, perceiving the necessity of his remaining among them, to settle and give stability to that enterprize, supplicated Us to interpose again with you, and to request you to permit his absence for two or three years more, in order that he may complete the work, so well begun ; which, by his recal, cannot but run great risk of miscarriage. This We have right willingly undertaken for so good an object, and doubt not but you will consent with like promptness, not only in this case, but in all that depends on you for the advancement of so laudable an undertaking ; the success of which, as in all probability it will be productive of advantage to our Realms, will, in like manner, not fail to communicate the Hke to your Provinces. " Therefore We remain Your very affectionate Friend. " James R. " From our Court at Leicester, the 19*^ of Augt 1614." Addressed : " To the High and Mighty Lords, The States General of the United Netherland Provinces." Mem. : " Date 19 August (0. S.) 1 -j^-, < „ Received 30 Septr (N. S.) j 736 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. [Mem, — Captain John Smith sailed from our New Eng- land coast on the 18th of July and arrived in England the latter end of August, 1614. Lorkin to Puckering, London, September 11, 1614. . . . " The present affords no news at all, more than that two or three days since, wee were put into an alarm by the discov- ery of a fleet upon our coasts, of three score sail, which at the first were feared to be Spaniards, destined for England ; but since prove either to be Easterlings, or, if Spaniards, destined for Embden. The council upon this bruit de- spatched commissioners into all parts of England, to muster the train-soldiers, and to command them to be in a readi- ness, which whether it shall go forward or not I cannot affirm, that other fear being cleared." — From Birch's " Court and Times of James I." vol. i. p. 347.] CCCXXI. LETTER TO SIR THOMAS DALE. September 20, 1614. " Letter to Sir Tho^ Dale, Mar- shall of the Colony in Virginia, To send home by the next ship Eliezer Hopkins." — Docquet, Domestic, James 1. The whole of this letter has not been found. CCCXXII. EXTRACT FROM PRESENT STATE OF IRE- LAND. Extract from " A Discourse of the present estate of Ire- land," by George Lord Carew. Written in 1614. ..." The Spanish king can never want pretences to blind the world for the defence of the breach of his league, which by the Catholics will be applauded ; and if no other shift were to be found to preserve his honour, the planta- tions in the Bermudas and in Virginia, or his obedience to the church (being incited to a war by the Pope) will be enforce^ as sufficient." — From " Carew Papers," Lambeth. GONDO^IAR TO PHILIP III. 737 • CCCXXIII. RESOLUTION OF THE STATES GENERAL. From London " Documents relating to the Colonial His- tory of the State of New York," Albany, 1853, vol. iii» p. 9. Resolution of the States General on CCCXX. " Tuesday the last of September, 1614. " Received and read a Letter from the King of Great Britain, dated at Leicester the 19*^ of August Old Style, in favor of Captain Sir Thomas Dale, Marshall of Virginia, to the effect that their High Mightinesses would please to give leave of Absence to the said Captain for two or three years more, in order that he may continue his residence in Vii*- ginia meanwhile, to bring affairs there uito thorough secur- ity, for which he has laid good foundation, and commence- ment. After deUberation, and on the aforesaid high reeoumiendation by his Majesty and the aforesaid Ambas- sador, their High Mightinesses have agreed and consented that the said Captain may continue his residence in Vir- ginia, on the previous footing, until it shall be otherwise ordered by their High Mightinesses." CCCXXIV. GONDOMAR TO PHILIP IIL GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2591, FOLIO 115. Copy of a deciphered letter from Don Diego Sarmiento y Acuiia to the King of Spain, dated London, October 17, 1614. " Sire — " The ship in which they offered me that Don Diego de Molino should be brought in, has returned without him. Two Enoflishmen, who were in the same vessel and whom I had charged, without the one knowing of the other, to bring me a very detailed account of the state in which matters were over there — to see if it agreed with what I have been 738 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. told by others — and likewise informing me of all that had occurred there, why Don Diego de Mohno did not come, ot whether he had died. I had charged them moreover, that without making themselves known to Don Diego, or to the other sailor whom they took with them, and who is called Antonio Perez, they should find out how they were and should comfort and assist them, both for the pur230se of bringing thsm over and in any other way that they might be able. They have returned and brought me letters from Don Diego, which one had sewed between the soles of his shoes, while the other had them in a coil of rope, as I herewith send it to Y. M. ; because they knew that they would be searched and carefully examined, and if they found that they carried let- ters from Don Diego, they would hang them, Avithout saying a word, and besides would learn what Don Diego had written. Don Diego is well but they keep him with great precautions, not letting him speak to any one, altho' he is permitted to go out and fish on the shore with four or five men who are always with liuu on guard. Don Diego, however, had per- suaded them to escape with him, if there should turn up any boat or any way to do it, (by water) ; because some who have attempted to go by land towards ' la Florida,' so 'tis said, were killed by the Indians ; whilst on the other hand this is said to be a report manufactured by the Enghsh, in order to create a terror so as to prevent others from making the like attempt ; and for those who have gone towards * la Florida,' they lay the blame upon Don Diego de Molino. " I have taken here special pains to find out why they should have returned without bringing Don Diego, and I have found out, as a great secret, that notwithstanding the orders which were given, the Enghshman has been permitted to die in Spain, and resenting this, they keep Don Diego de Molino in Virginia ; that having requested (as they tell me) Y. M. in the name of the King here, to hand over the Eng- lishman to their Embassador, smce he had come over first and was already in Madrid, and that the King here gave his word to send for Don Diego, and to hand him over here, to GONDOMAR TO PHILIP III. 739 Y. M.'s Embassador ; and that, seeing Y. M. had not been willing to trust this king in this, and knowing likewise very well, that the persons were very different persons, Don Diego being a gentleman, as here everybody knows full well, bet- ter than I myself, the Council has resolved to let the thing have its way and interpose delays and postponements with- out doing anything. My knowing this so perfectly has been of importance in getting it mended ; and thus I have already in my possession a special order of the King in which he commands that without another word, he shall be sent in any [a ?] vessel that may [will probably] sail from here within 8 days to Virginia,^ and return within five or six months ; the Captain of which ship has assured me that he will bring him without fail. I, also, endeavour to have the sailor brought. But here they know that he is an Englishman, where he was born and raised : besides, a Member of the Council has told me that at the request of the Embassador of the King here, Y. M. ordered him years ago to be imprisoned for im- proper words which he had used against the King here. I therefore proceed cautiously 'till we shall see Don Diego de Molino restored to freedom, and after that it seems to me it will be very right to ask for, that other man's Hberty as a favor or in whatever manner may seem best. " The condition in which Virginia affairs are just now, is the same as that I reported to Y. M. on the first ; those who are there, are so against their free will, which I have been certified by one of those who come from there. Don Diego de Molino also gives me to understand this, adding that they would be very much delighted if Y. M. would send there even the shadow of a fleet, to drive them out of that coun- try ; that if some attack was made upon those of the first fort, and then an offer were made to take them all back to England, all the others would surrender without firing a shot, upon the same condition ; and here this Colony is in such bad repute that not a human being can be found to go ^ I suppose this has reference to the probably sailed for Virginia about the John and Francis. If so, the vessel middle of October, 1615. 740 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. there in any way whatever. So much so that a person who was present, has told me how in a Court of the Mayor — who is the ' Correofidor ' of London — when the case of two Moorish [black ?] thieves came up, the Mayor told them, impressing upon them their offences, that they ought to be hanged ; but that, taking pity upon them, he wished to par- don them, with this condition, that they should go and serve the King and the Queen in Virginia — and that they rejihed at once, decidedly and with one accord, that they would much rather die on the gallows here, and quickly, than to die slowly so many deaths as was the case in Virginia. I am told, they will be hanged ; also, that most of those who sail in this ship of to-day, go with the express condition and agreement, that they must return in it again. " The Colony of Bermuda has a very different and cred- itable reputation ; and thus is assisted both in men and in money ; they speak very seriously of fortifying it, and send- ing Colonists there, as I have very much in detail reported to Y. M., whose CathoHc Person," etc. For a more correct view of affairs in Virginia at this time see Hamor's Narration (CCCXXVII.). CCCXXV. MOLINA TO GONDOMAR. GENERAL ABCBIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPABTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2591, FOLIO 116 {INCLOSED IN FOLIO 115). Copy of a holographic letter from Don Diego de Molina to Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuna, dated in Virginia, April 30, 1614:. (Inclosed in a letter from said Don Diego Sarmiento to the King of Spain, of October 17, 1614.) " Your letter. Sir, and the favor which you did me in suc- couring me, caused me a satisfaction, which I cannot ex- press, since it alone was the means to relieve me of a disease which for seventeen months had afflicted me sadly. For all this fell upon me on account of the wrong which the Gov- HENRY RICH First Earl oj F toll and MOLINA TO GONDOMAR. 741 ernor ^ did me in not taking me with him to the kingdom where you are, f aihng thus to comply with the order he had received, which I had so long wished for and solicited from you, and for which I thank you most sincerely. Because, so great a man, only to comply with this wish, without my ever having obUged him by any service of mine, has interested himself so warmly in doing me a favor. I trust however, I shall still be able one of these days to serve you. " When the Governor left here, he told me he had no orders to take me with him, as he should go in the first ves- sel — a decision which was not made known to me 'till he was about to embark, so that I might not find means to send a reply to you ; because they fancy that every word of mme contains some crafty device ; and thus, of whatever trifle I may speak, they call it tale bearing, and interpret it as de- ceit concealed under falsehood. I beg our Lord He may well rid me of them. The Chief Marshall has told me that I shall go with him ; but I rely but little on his good inten- tions, and therefore I have wished to write this letter, and leave it with a friend of mine who will hand it to you, as they mean to carry me to a new Colony which they have established this Summer fifteen leagues from here, up the river, and I shall not be able to write after that. " The sailor who came with me has been taken on board a man of war ^ that is here, where they treat him liberally and use much persuasion to make him confess that he is an Englishman. And if this does not succeed they have as- sured me they think of making him drunk and then to exam- ine him once more (fine Christian principles !). Captain Argol, who commands the ship of which I speak, went last year as high as the 44°, where he found a French ship, which had come there with some French people, to establish a new Colony. After some little fighting he overcame them and captured fifteen persons ; the others fled with their governor. After having burnt all their buildings he re- 1 Sir Thomas Gates, who left Vir- 2 The Treasurer, ginia in March, 1614. 742 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. turned to this river, with his ship and a captured pinnace, with much wheat, clothing, horses, and working tools. After this he made a second voyage reacliing 45° and a half, and burnt another small fort twenty leagues from the other settlement. All this you will probably have heard already, because the ship and the pinnace which he took with him, on the second expedition, lost their way in a storm and it is understood, went to your city with a few prisoners. Fathers of the Jesuits. It may be that the Governor has taken over others also. Thus it seems to me, these men will have a new cause of complaint with the King of France. As those who commit the offence think they will never be within his reach, these poor people who suffer from no fault of their own have nothing to rely upon. Thus they commit here shameless actions as if the forces of Rome and Carthao^e united were here assembled. I say this with much solici- tude, for they have also the intention of going to ' la Florida ' and doing the same thing there ; but their plans are formed recklessly and without sufficient thought, and thus God will finally pay them according to their works. All this I write as I get the opportunity to write without having what I write pryed into. In Hke manner, to see, as they give me a new opportunity, without noticing what I may see. I have asked the Marshall to leave me here, because I have no desire to see his new colonies, nor his new fortifications and small forts, for if they keep me a prisoner without charge against me, but merely for having seen what they themselves have shown me, I should not wish theu mistakes and ignorances to redound to my injury. " Of myself in special, I have nothing to say, thinking only of the favor which I am anxious you should do me, since I have left all my affairs in the hands of God, I no longer think of brothers, relatives, property, or honours, be- cause all is fleeting and passes away like the wind. I only wish to do the duty of a good Catholic and to be able to do it among Catholics. " May God enable me to see them thro' His mercy, and I MOLINA TO GONDOMAR. 743 will serve you as I ought to do — whom may He preserve as I desire. " From Virginia. April 30. 1614.^ " Diego de Molino. " for Seiior Don Sarmiento de Acuna." CCCXXVI. MOLINA TO GONDOMAR. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 2591, FOLIOS 112, 113. Copy of a holographic paper which reads thus : " For Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuiia — Virginia — Don Diego de Molina. June M*"^ 1614." " Until now I had hoped to go in this ship of Captain Argol ; but now they tell me, it sailed two days ago ^ and I am not going in it because the Marshall General had many times offered to take me. From this may be seen the want of truthfulness in these men ; and that they only mean to deceive us. I am amazed at what they have done and how little they have attended to the order of the council, unless it is, as they say, the wellknown proverb of the monkey and the cat &c.^ I assume it must be so, that all these are stratagems, for which reason I wish you not to trouble yourself any farther doing me favors, for, altho' I am badly treated and endure much suffering, I reflect that my sins have been great and that I have deserved it all. But as the father of a family, who, while grieving for his own sor- rows, suffers those of his children — and considering the intimacy in which I have lived these three years with these poor people, held captives by their masters, I look upon them as my brothers, whose sorrows I feel more than my 1 This letter was written April 20, Molina, and Lyrabry were there, 1614 (O. S.), about fifteen days after though probably not at the wedding, the marriage of Rolfe and Pocahontas. "^ The sliip really sailed about the The Jesuit fathers cannot be placed in 18th of June. the picture, as they had left James- ^ That is, the Spaniards were being town ; but Captain Flory and possibly made dupes of, — cat's-paws, nine other Frenchnaen, Don Diego de 744 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. own, because living in their midst and seeing their suffer- ings, they look me in the face and ask : what is the King of Spain doing ? where is his mercy ? why does he not show it to so many unfortunate ones by releasing us from our chains or by cutting off all our heads — for would it be more tolerable for us, for every man to take up arms to defend and maintain our captivity? Certainly not, but to receive with bright faces such a great benefit with all kinds of thanks and everlasting gratitude. Now what is there, Sir, that I can answer ? Except that in a most Catholic manner the King, our Lord, is bound to reply to this peti- tion with a marvellous effect of his Christian mind [?].^ There are here three settlements : this in which I have been three years, altho' now they have ordered us to a prison in a stockade a mile distant, with orders not to speak to me, because the Marshall, says, I persuade and have persuaded Edward ' Colaque ' [Coles] that he should flee Avith five other persons to Florida, as he put him to work, and I believe he did go for the good it did him to escape from here, and he took the complaint of them all, written in his memory. He is a man who knew how to retain them. They have now spread a report that the Indians have killed them so as to terrify the peojile. The other settlement is 20 leagues up the river, which they made 3 years ago. They have made still another three leagues higher up this Sfu'ing, where almost all the people are, who altogether, and in all parts amount to two hundred fifty persons, men, women and children. Three stockades which they have at the mouth of the river have been dismantled and thus there are in them only six or seven men. I take it for granted that the King, our Master, Avould do a work worthy of his greatness, if he were to take these people away from here, ^ The Christian mind of Philip III. probably more evident to his Christian sustained a wonderful amount of very mind than was the truth of the special wonderful special pleading for the pleas of his servants and agents. He removing of the English in Virginia, was probably aware of some things The determination of the English to not yet known to us. hold their grants in America was MOLINA TO GONDOMAR. 745 and I am convinced that the Lord brought me hither by such extraordinary and unheard of events in order to become the Moses of these unfortunate people — not, as they say, as a spy, because in Spain httle or nothing- was Icnown of this country when I "was made a prisoner here. Their own rulers have made it notorious in Spain by my imprisonment, and in France by means of the three Forts and settlements which Captain Argol has burnt in two years that he has been here with a man-of-war. They have nothing to complain of, but their own bad government, because if they wish to settle the country, they ought to do no harm to their neighbours. I, sir, cannot Avrite much longer, because with great labor I have written this with a root from the fields. " I kiss your hands. Sir, for the favor you have done me, All came safe and was a great comfort to me. " From Virginia. June 14. 1614. " They have landed the sailor who is here, today, from the vessel on which he has been two months, and they will take him to another stockade, two miles from this. " May God preserve you, as I desire. " Don Diego de Molina. " To Seiior Don Diegro Sarmiento de Acuiia." [Mem. — ^ On October 1 [0. S.], 1614, the States Gen- eral granted a charter to certain Hollanders for the exclu- sive trade (until January 1, 1618) to that part of America between Virginia and New France, and now called New Netherland, between 40° and 45° north Latitude.' See " Holland Documents relating to the Colonial History of New York," Albany, 1856, vol. i. pp. 10-12, 53, 149. The Dutch claimed that they had been frequenting the region of the South (Delaware) and North (Hudson) rivers since the year 1598. The map of the sea-coasts of America between New France and Virginia (40° to 45° north latitude), now named New Netherland, which was annexed to the grant of Octo- 746 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. ber n, 1614, is incorrectly placed in the volume between pp. 12 and 13, and given a wrong date. The grants of March and October, 1614, of the Dutch to New Netherland, seem to have caused the English to enter again in a more determined manner upon advancing and securing their interest in New England, and we find an increasing number of EngUsh vessels going each year to those parts. CCCXXVII. HAMOR'S NAREATION. October 20, 1614, there was entered at Stationers' Hall for publication, " A booke called an Narracon of the pres- ente State of Virginia by Ralph Hammer." It was published soon after with the foUowinof title : " A True Discourse of The Present Estate of Virginia, and the successe of the affaires there till the 18. of June 1614. Together with a Relation of the Severall EngHsh Townes and Fortes, the assured hopes of that countrie and the peace concluded with the Indians. The christening of Powhatan's daughter and her marriage with an English-man. " Written by Raphe Hamor the yonger, late Secretarie in that Colony. " Alget, qui non ardet. " Printed at London by John Beale for WilHam Welby dwelling at the signe of the Swanne in Pauls church-yard | 1615." [/. e., after September 29, 1614.] It is dedicated to Sir Thomas Smith. It was reprinted at Albany, New York, in 1860. Originals are preserved in the libraries of Mr. Charles Deane, Mr. Kalbfleisch, the Lenox, and the John Carter- Brown. An original in the Drake sale, March, 1883, fetched $345. Quaritch prices a copy at $500. John Rolfe, in CCCLVIIL, mentions this tract as having been " faithfully written by a gent, of good merit, Mr. Ralph Hamor," thus indorsing the account of his marriage, and his letter (CCCXXVIIL). WHITAKER TO MASTER G. 747 To this publication of Hamor's there was aiso added the following- three letters : — CCCXXVIII. ROLFE TO DALE. " The Coppie of the Gentleman's [John Rolfe] letter to Sir Thomas Dale, that after maried Powhatan's daughter, containing the reasons moving him thereunto." This letter, it seems, was delivered to Dale in March, 1614. It contains about 2,000 words, and has been re- printed several times. CCCXXIX. DALE TO D. M. Sir Thomas Dale's letter " To the R. and my most esteemed friend Mr. D. M. at his house at F. Ch. in Lon- don." Dated " From Jamestowne in Virginia the 18. of June 1614." It contains about 2,000 words, and was pos- sibly written to J/aster Z)octor J/ocket in i^encAurch Street. CCCXXX. WHITAKER TO MASTER G. Rev. Alexander Whitaker's letter " To my verie deere and loving Cosen M. [aster] G.[ouge] Minister of the B.[lack] F[riars] in London." Dated " Virginia June 18*^ 1614." It contains about 400 words. The narrative proper (CCCXXVII.) contains about 14,000 words. All of these four numbers have been re- printed together in this country, so I will not give any of them in this collection. This tract relates to events in Virginia from May, 1611, to June, 1614, having several references, however, to earlier dates. The leading items of the tract (and letters) are the capture of Pocahontas, her marriage, and the negotiations with the Indians. The account of the estate of the colony in the summer of 1614 is important. 748 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. [Mem. — November 23, 1614. " Sir Wm. Wade, Sir Dudley Diggs, Sir Baptist Hicks, Richard Martin Esq., John Wolstenhohne Esq., Rich*^ Chamberlaine, Robte Offelev, Robte Johnson, Jerome Heydon, George Scott, and George Barkeley of London, Merchants, by and with the full con- sent and agreement of William Lord Candishe, Sir John Harrington, Sir Walter Cope, Sir Thomas Smythe, Sir Robte Mansell, Sir Edwyn Sandys, knights and diverse other persons therein interested, resigned The Somers Islands to the Crown" [King James]. These individuals were influenced in thus resigning their plantation to the crown by fear of the Spaniards. A com- pany was afterwards incorporated and a royal charter was granted to them on June 29, 1615. See CCCXLIX.] CCCXXXI. HOWES' CHRONICLES. " The Annales or Generall Chronicle of England, begun first by Maister John Stow, and after him continued and augmented with matters forreyne and domestique, auncient and moderne, unto the ende of this present yeere 1614, by Edmond Howes, gentleman. Londini Impensis Thomae Adams 1615. " Imprinted in London at the Three Cranes in the Vin- tree, by Thomas Dawson, for Thomas Adams Anno. 1615. " Dedicated to Prince Charles." A perfect copy of these " Annales " is worth about J50, I suppose. There was another edition of this work pub- lished in 1631, but it does not contain a single word of ad- ditional matter relating to the colony in America. The latest reference to this colony is of November, 1614. The following extracts contain the references to the English en- terprises in America, [p. 941.] " Virginia, is a country in America lying be- tweene the degrees of thirtie f oure and forty five The originaii of the Nortli Latitude. The bounds whereof on tion ^of "the the East side, are the Ocean, on the South lyeth HOWES' CHRONICLES. 749 Florida, on the North Nova Francia and New English in Foundland, as for the West thereof the limits are "■^'"^• unknowne/ of all this country, my occasion nor purpose is not to speake, but onely of some parte, whereof the English, viz, the Londoners and their Adherents, have made planta- tion : which said Country was first discovered in the yeere 1584, as [p. 942] aforesayd, and Queen Elizabeth called it Virginia, and assigned the same unto Syr Walter Raleigh, as being the chiefe discoverer thereof. And in the yeere 1587. there were sent thither above an hundred men, wo- men and children, and from that time untill the third yeere ^ of King James, all yeerely sending thither for plantation ceased: and then uppon more exact discoveries, there were yeerely supplies of men, women & children, sent thither with all necessaries, under the conduct of Captaine Newport. " And about three yeeres after this time, Captaine Sam- uell Argall, discovered a direct passage through the ocean to Virginia, and not to goe by the West India, as they did formerly. Also in the moneth of May in the yeere last above sayd, there were sent thither 9. ships with five hun- dred men, women and children, with all necessarie provi- sion, under commaund of Syr Thomas Gates, Knight, a grave expert souldier, now appoynted Lieutenant Generall in Virginia, Sir George Somers, Knight, a man very industri- ous and forward, was nowe made admirall of Virginia, and Captaine Newport an excellent Navigator was made Vice- Admirall : with these at this time went other expert captaines and very resolute gentlemen, these arrived at Virginia in the yeere 1609, and likewise at the end of the yeere 1609 ^ there was sent another supplie of 3. ships, with 150 men, being for the most part Artificers, under commaund of the Lord De la Ware, who by free election of the Treasurer and Coun- sell of Virginia & with the full consent of the generalty of ^ Howes quotes several times from others for many things regarding Smith's tract (CCXLV.), which for America, cogent reasons was already the only ^ jgoG. available authority to him and to ^ Lord De la Warr in April, 1610. The end of the year was March 24. 750 PERIOD 17. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. that Company was constituted and authorized, during his naturall life, to be Lord Governor & Captayne Generall of all the English CoUonies planted or to bee planted in Vir- ginia, according to the tenor of his Maiesties letters patents granted that yeere 1609, unto that Company, Captaine Ar- gall conducted the L. de la Ware by sea. The L. De la Ware being arrived in Virginia, ordered all things in the best manner he could, and with his forces marched up into divers parts of ye country, with full purpose to make farther discoveries ; build new townes & forts, and to bring the Sal- vages unto his obedience : and sent Captaine Argall to the Bermodes, & to discover ye north parts of Virginia. The L. De la Ware used his best dilioence & industrie & there- withall tooke such extraordinary paines that he fell into ex- treame sickness, which prevented all his designes, and forced him to goe thence & seeke a bath in ye West Indiaes ; but being at Sea, his sickness so encreased, that he was con- stray ned to bare up for the Isles of Assoris, where he recov- ered some part of his strength, & so from thence he with Captaine Argall came for England : the next yeere ^ follow- ing Sir George Somers went from Virginia to ye Bermodes, to fetch porke, where he dyed of a surfeit in eating of a pig. Captaine Newport seeing the necessary yeerely supplies for this plantation, not to proceed as was requisite for so honor- able an action, he left ye service, being chosen one of ye 6. Masters of ye Navy royall, & being imployed by the Company of the East India Marchants : he transported Sir Robert Sherley into Persia. " And this yeere 1614, Sir Th : Gates came from Vir- ginia into England, using his best meanes for more supplies to continue their plantation, having left behind him not full 400 men of all that were sent thither, over whom Sir Th. Dale Knight, a valiant souldier & discreet Governour had the full charge and rule. 1 This is an error. It shows how take. Argall and Somers, we now close the affairs of the company were know, were sent to the Bermudas from kept, and how little was really known Virginia at the same time in June, to the public, that a chronicler of 1610. events should have made such a mis- ROBERT RICH Second Earl of IVarv.'ick i HOWES' CHRONICLES. 751 " In this Plantation there were builded clivers townes & forts, the first was called Jamestowne, builded by Captaine Smith, the 2. other Townes were called Henricus & Charles, which the L. De la Ware builded. At this time their sev- erall discoveries up into the land were no further then to ye fals, a place so called by reason of the fale of waters : of which Captaine Smith, sometime president there, made a map, and wrote a booke of every particular place, & of all that happened there.^ " And amongst other of worthy memory in this plantation, you shall understand that Captaine Gosnoll, a brave souldier and very ingenious, spent much money & adventured his person & drew in many others, at the beginning of this plan- tation. Captaine Argall being an ingenious active, foward, young gentleman, amongst other his discoveries & bringing of victual, from the enemy to the CoUony, which at ye time was Kke to have perished for want of food, he tooke a French ship a pinace which had brought forces to plant within the English Hmits : he razed their Forts & supplanted them, for their comming was to have supplanted the English Col- lonie. He also the last yeere tooke the daughter of the great Powhatan prisoner, who being well en- treated, became a Christian ; and then marryed hatan k Is it Ma. Jo. Rolfe an English gentleman in James- '^'ZZ.d'^' towne, by meanes whereof Powhatan discharo^ed commandeth & sent home all English prisoners m most kmd manner, besides the generall peace which ensued upon it. Through the singular industrie & policy of Sir Tho. Dale being marshall of Virginia & principal commander there. And in July this yeere 1614. Captaine Argall brought let- ters from Sir Tho. Dale & others certifying the Treasurer & whole Company of Virginia, of the present estate of their Collony & that the Eng'lish were nowe become ^ . laborious & industrious & were plenteously stored time the Eng- 1 That is CCXLV. The disasters evidence for a time, especially during which befell the colony and the uncer- 1612 - 15, " In which time of three tain state of affairs there for some years disaster," he is favorably men- years evidently strengthened Smith's tioued several times. 752 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. lish were with foode of their owne, & well furnished sioathfuii with good houses in sundry places for their habi- mtherperish tatiou & most juditiouslj manifested unto the t'heif *^ros^er Company the just cause of good hope and great by labour.i profit to cusue in short time by this plantation, if they would speedily & competently supply the Collony, whereupon there was sent the first week of Nov. this yeere 1614. a ship with 34 men & 11. women, with apparell & other necessaries for the rest of the Collony there resident. " And thus much at this time & in this place, touching this plantation shall suffice, by reason Maister Hackluit, Captaine Smith, and others, have written sundry ample dis- courses thereof." On page 942 Howes writes of Newfoundland. On page 943 of Guiana and of the Northwest Passage. On pages 943-945 of " The first plantation of the Eng- lish in the Barmodes otherwise called the Somer Islands. " In the yeare 1609 the Adventurers and comj)anie of Virginia sent from London, a fleete of eight shi23pes with people to supplie and make strong the Collonie in Virginia, Sir Thomas Gates, being generall in a ship^Je of 300 tun, in this ship was also Sir George Somers, who was AdmiraU, and Captaine New-porte vice-Admirall, & with them about 160. persons, this ship was AdmiraU and kept Companie with the rest of the Fleet to the height of 30. degrees & being then assembled to consult touching divers matters, they were surprised with a most extreme violent storme which [p. 944] scattered the whole fleete, yet all the rest of the fleet bent their course for Virginia, where by God's speciaU favoure they arived safely, but this great shippe, though new, and farre stronger then any of the rest, fell into a great leake, so as Mariners, and passengers were forced for ^ I do not believe that men who had Council of Virginia was obliged to the courage to cross the Atlantic in the give out in order to smooth over or barks of those days were made of such conceal the real difficulties and dan- stuff. This charge, and very many gers by which tliey were environed, others like it, are directly traceable to the publicity of which might have been the " varnishing reports," which the fatal to the enterprise. HOWES' CHRONICLES. 753 three dayes space, to doe their utmost to save themselves, from sudden sinking : but notwithstanding their incessant pumping and casting out of water by Bucketts and all other meanes, yet the water covered all the goods, within the hold, and all men were utterly tired and spent in strengtli and overcome with laboure and hopelesse of any succoure, most of them were gone to sleepe, yeeldiug themselves to the mercy of the Sea, being all very desierous to die upon any shoare, wheresoever, Sir George Sommers sitting at the Stearne, seeing the shippe desperat of reliefe looking every minute when the shippe woulde sinke, hee espyed land, which ac- cording to his and Captayne Newports oppinion, they judged it should be that dreadfull coast of the Bermodes, which Islande were of all Nations, said and supposed to be in- chanted and inhabited with witches, and devills, which grew by reason of accustomed monstrous Thunderstorme and tempest, neere unto those Islands also for that the whole coast is so wunderous daungerous of Rockes, that few can approach them, but with unspeakeable hazard of shippe wrack, S"" George Somers, Sir Thomas Gates, Captayne Newport, and the rest, suddainely agreed of two evills to chuse the least, and so in a kinde of desperat res- ^^ ^j^^g^ j^j olution, directed the shippe maynely for these ^"'^^ *^« ^^ T 1 1 1-11 r^ 1 1- • -1 ^''^ "°* ^b Islands, wnicn by Gods divme providence, at a and flow full hie water ran right betweene two strong Rockes, where it stuck fast without breaking, which gave leasure and good oportunitie, for them to hoyce out their boate, and to land all their people as well saylers, as souldiers, and others in good safety, and beeing come a shoare, they were soone refreshed and cheered, the soyle and aire being most sweet and delicate. The salt water did great spoyle to most of the shippes lading and victuall, yet some meale was well recovered with many perticular thinges for theire common use & they all humbly thanked God for his great mercy, in so preserving them from destruction. " Then presently they sought farther into the Island for foode, which being never yet inhabited by any peoj)le, was 754 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. overgrowne with woods, and the woods replenished with wilde swine, which swine as it is very probable sworn thither, out of some shippe wracke, they found also great multitude of fowle of sundry kindes, being then in a manner very tame, they found some fruite, as mulberies, peares, and Pal- mytoes, with stately Ceader Trees, & in the Sea, and in the Rockes, great plenty of most pleasant and holsome fish. " Here of necessity they were constrayned to stay, almost ten moneths, in which space by the speciall Mercy, and divine providence of almighty God, to make good the dis- covery of these Islands unto them, that they by diligence and Industry, saved so much of the timber, tacling, and other things out of their great shippe which lay wrackt, and stuck fast betweene two Rockes, as there withall, and with such supply of stuffe as they found in those Islandes, they builded there two vessels, the lesser ^ whereof so soone as it was finished, it was manned and sent to goe to the Collony in Virginia, to signifie unto them how all thinges had hap- pened with their commaunders, and their Company, and that they would shortly set sayle for Virginia, but what be- came of this shippe & men was never yet knowne, and when the bigger vessel was finished, and victualed with swines flesh, and with what else that place would afford them, these Commaunders, with all their Company imbarked them- selves, and by Gods great mercy, arived safely at Virginia, when all Englishmen deemed them to be utterly cast away. " When these three worthy commaunders, had setled the Collony, then Sir George Somers returned againe to the Bermodies, where he dyed of a surfeit, viz, eating Porke : his ship returned, having left three men there to keepe pos- session of those Islands. " These Islands are within the limits of Virginia, and the Company finding land enough to plant uppon the maine in Virginia, soulde these Islands of the Bermodyes unto 120 ^ An error. This reference is to the shipwreck. Both of the vessels built long boat which was sent " as a Barke on the island went to Virginia in May, of Aviso for Virginia," soon after the IGIO. HOWES' CHRONICLES. 755 persons * of the same Companie, who since that time they obtayned a Charter," and so they now hold those Islands from his Maiestie. And in April 1612. the sayd newe Company sent thither a ship with 60. persons, who arryved and remained there very safely. " And when the said new Company was truly informed of the wholesomnesse of the Ayre and pleasantnesse of the soyle, and the aptnesse thereof, of itself e in all respects to maintaine a Collony, the ground being so fertile that it will yeeld two harvests in one yeere : great plentie of woods and loftie Cedars : wellstored with fowle and great plenty of good fish ; and that besides the f ertilitie of the soyle, which they had tryed, would beare with great encrease, all kind of English grayne, fruites, trees, beaches, and vines besides the great store of Ambergreece, and some pearle, which is found there : they sent yeerely supplies thither of men and some women, with all things necessarie for so worthy a plantation, so as at this time there are sixe hundred persons well fortified, with plentie of great ordinance, being nowe verie well able to resist a proud daring adversarie, by reason there are but two Inlets, and they both so narrow, as but one ship can come in at once into the harbour, and the Isl- ands are invironed with Rockes unaccessable, and within there is a most excellent harbour, for a Navie of great Ships. "The great Island is divided into eight Cantons, or Tribes, bearing the name of eight of the chiefe The Bermo- Planters, viz. The Earle of Northampton's Tribe, abou^soo The Earle of Pembrookes Tribe, The Lord Paffet, poo ?] ■' o •' leagues irom The Lord Candish [p. 944 (? 945)], Lord Harring- Virginia. ton, Syr Thomas Smith, Syr Robert Mansell and Syr Edmn ^ See under November 25, 1612. it confused with the Virginia charter 2 Their charter passed the seals June of March, 1612. Howes probably did 29, 1615. It was probably understood his best ; but he certainly makes sev- that a charter would be granted at the eral errors. Reliable evidence was time of the surrender to the crown on evidently not obtainable at that time, November 23, 1614. But Howes' ac- nor afterwards ; but by collating to- count is confusing ; he seems to place gether all the evidence now obtaina- 'ihe granting of this charter before ble, I believe correct ideas may be April, 1612, and I suppose has gotten arrived at. 756 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. Sands Tribe. Some of the lesser Isles are one mile and some 2. and 3. miles of ground, in which if they digge, they find good fresh water. The Company hath by this time spent twentie thousand jDOunds in this plantation and purchase. " The Company named these Islands by the name of the Somer Islands : they lie in 32. degrees of the North Lati- tude : " Richard Moore was sent thither as Dej)utie Governor there for the Company [?]. Syr Thomas Smith, Knight was then [?] Governor, and Master William Caning the deputie governor of this Company." On page 945, Howes says : " Amongst the manifoulde Tokens and Sig'nes of the infinite Blessinsfs of Almig-htie God bestowed uppon this kingdome, by the wondrous and mercifull establishing of peace within ourselves, and the full benefitte of Concord with all Christian nations, and others, of all which graces let no man dare to presume he can speake too much, whereof in truth there can never be enough said." Among the fruits of the peace he mentions, " The universall increase of commerce, and trafique through- out the kingdome, great building or royall shijjs by private merchants, the repeopling of citties, Townes & Villages, besides the undiscernable and sudden encrease of fayre and costly buildings, as well within the citty of London, as in the suburbs thereof : ... as also the Plantation of Eng- lish in Ireland, Virginia, and Newfound Lande, and in the Bermodes, the discovery of the North West passage," etc. Howes published, about May, 1618, " The Abridgement of the English Chronicle, First collected by M. John Stow, and after him augmented with very many memorable An- tiquities, and continued with matters forreine and domesti- call, unto the beginning of the yeare, 1618. . . . Imprinted at London for the Company of Stationers, 1618." I have given tlie references to the Virginia enterprises in this work under the various dates referred to. See extracts from Howes' Chronicles, abridged. COMPLAINTS AGAINST THE FRENCH. 757 CCCXXXII. EDMONDES TO WINWOOD. Sir Thomas Edmoncles to Secretary Sir Ralph Winwood. Paris, France, December 12, 1614. [ Account of his conference Avith Mons. de ViUeroy and audience of the King and Queen of France, in reference to sundry complaints of the French against His Majesty's subjects.] ..." Whereunto she [the Queen] made me no other answeere then that the complaints were great which she received of the spoyles which were committed upon the ffrench by his Majesties subjects, as she was forced to make an extraordinarie instance for the redresse of the same." — English State Paper Ofiice. CCCXXXIII. EXTRACT FROM STATIONERS' RECORDS. " A further sum of £45. was subscribed to the Virginia enterprise, from the trading stock of The Stationers in 1614 [exact date not given] ; but no return appears to have been received." Extract from a letter from the clerk of the company. CCCXXXIV. EDMONDES TO WINWOOD. Sir Thomas Edmondes to Secretary Sir Ralph Winwood. Paris, France, December 30, 1614. " I send your Honour herewith a Copie of the Memoriall which I have exhibited to Monsieur de ViUeroy, of as many both generall and particular Complaintes, as I could call to remembrance." CCCXXXV. COMPLAINTS AGAINST THE FRENCH. [Inclosure.] "Memorial of Complaints concerning the subjects of the King of Great Britain, which his Majesties Ambassador presents to their Majesties [of France] and the 758 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. Lords of the Council, in order that it may please them to give orders to have said complaints redressed and prevented in future." This is a document in French, of twenty-one pages, some of the complaints dating back twenty-five years. They include the following, namely : — " In the year 1606 Sir Ferdinando Gorge (sic) Governor of the city of Plimuth (sic) and some others having equipped and put to sea a vessel of the said town called The Richard, under the command of one called Captain Chalonour to trade and obtain a footino; on the coast of Viro-inia, this vessel, sailing on the high seas, was met with and taken with all the merchandise and provisions that were on boord, amounting to the value of 14.000 or 15.000 francs, by another vessel, belonging to two merchants from St Malo, called Louis and Servant Graves, being commanded by one called Alphonse Camache, who took the foresaid vessel as a prize, to Bordeaux, where as soon as the men of the crew of the former saw themselves at liberty, one of them, called Tucker, proceeded against the said Camache before the Parhament of that place, so as to obtain justice against him. But after having continued his lawsuit there for the space of two years, he was non-suited by sentence of the 20*^ Feb- ruary 1609, because he had not been able to furnish secur- ity of such an amount and within such a time as was asked of him, notwithstanding that he offered shortly after suffi- cient security." — English State Paj)er Office. CCCXXXVI. EXTRACT FROM ALEXANDER'S DOOMSDAY. Extract from Sir William Alexander's poem called " Doomsday," probably written in 1614 : — " In this last age, Time doth new worlds display, That Christ a church, o'er all the Earth may have, His righteousness shall barbarous realms away, If their first love, more civil lands will leave, America to Europe may succeed, God may of stones raise up to Abram, seed." LETTER FROM LEWIS HUGHES. 759 CCCXXXVII. EXTRACT FROM COOKE'S TUQUOQUE. Extract from " Greenes Tuquoqiie, or The Cittie Gal- lant. As it hath beene divers times acted by the Queenes Maiesties Servants. Written by John Cooke, gent, [the actor] Printed at London . . . 1614." One of the characters says : " I dare not walk abroad to see my friends, for fear the sergeants should take acquaint- ance of me ; my refuge is Ireland or Virginia." [Mem. — The Margaret and other vessels returned from the Bermudas in the summer, fall, and winter of 1614 ; bringing back Master George Berkeley, Captain Daniel Elfrith, and others.] CCCXXXVIII. GONDOMAR TO PHILIP III. GENERAL ARCHIVES OF SIMANCAS. DEPARTMENT OF STATE, VOLUME 259S, FOLIO 23. Copy of an extract from a deciphered letter of Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuiia to the King of Spain, dated Lon- don, February 10, 1615. " Sire. ..." We expect Don Diego de Molino with the first ship coming from Virginia. That Colony continues daily losing more of its credit, and I am told that even the energy with which the Colony of Bermuda began is no longer as great, because they do not find there the advan- tages which they expected." ... CCCXXXIX. LETTER FROM LEWIS HUGHES. " A Letter sent into England from the Summer Islands written by M"" Lewis Hughes, Preacher of God's Word there, 1615. Printed at London by J. B. for William Welby, and'are to be sold at his shop at the signe of the 760 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. Swanne in Paules Church Yard 1615." The letter is dated December 21, 1614, and extracts from it are given in Le- froy's '" Memorials of the Bermudas," vol. ii. pp. 577-580. [Mem. — Captain Argall in the Treasurer sailed for Vir- ginia about February, 1615.] CCCXL. MINUTE OF THE PRIVY COUNCIL. On February 19, I6I5, the Privy Council made the follow- ing minute : — " Whereas it pleased their Lordships some moneths past ^ at the humble suite of the Colony of Virginia to gyve order for the writing of certaine letters unto the several cittyes and Townes of the Kingdome inviting and persuading the In- habitants thereof to adventure in a certeyne Lotterye, such somes of moneye as they should think fitting according to the rules enclosed in the sayd Letters, thereby the better to enable ye sayd Comj)anye to proceede in that Plantation of Virofinia : — " And forasmuch as upon further consideration it was com- manded by the Boarde, that staye should be made of the sayd Letters, until further order might be given on that behalfe. It was this day (upon the humble suite of Sir Thomas Smith, with the rest of the Company of Virginia) thought fitting, and so accordingly ordered, that the sayd letters should forthwith be delivered unto Sir Thomas Smith, to thj end they might be sent, and dispersed according to their several directions." — From Neill's " Virginia Ve- tusta," p. 199. CCCXLI. PRIVY COUNCIL TO CANTERBURY. FEOM GREEN'S AND SAINSBURY'S CALENDARS OF STATE PAPERS. White Hall, February 22, 1615. " The Privy Council to the Mayor and Aldermen of Can- terbury." 1 See CCCI. CU u 1) ^ eft XJ » n! & --' o - tr- o ^ P. n .5 ■£ ^ -5 .h '^ ~ •- 12 *j i3 OJ 5 J 1^ -a .s o -^ ^ (U (U ^ ,Q X) /3 C >> Xl OJ >, u c 'I rt 3 ■^ rt ■" o 0) > 0) _C .J3 f/; 0) ^ TD &, O ^ ■^ s U) ^ a) C '^ ^ £ '•/ O X '? o (L> 3 S Cfl J3 ^ T3 > rt C/J — 1> rt C 05 S ^ K :s "H " J3 *J r| -!-= •>^l-? E<- U) -1-1 ■" ^ 1-H J- _^ & OJ 0) 3 ti ^ -3 ^ ■£ ■£ !3 too ^ _N O o O CU y <-> y j N rt o O j3 ^ J= o TO (Tt OJ t; «j ^ p nj O il rt c v^ u aj tz 2 -^^ •£ '^ "" t! "1 ^ =" t« rt c e -S -q >2 Si D a> 1) "i; - in o O "^ ho O) "" '-' 3 4.) 3 j_, i- ^ 2 - a^^ ^ 0) --; . rt rt ■" .2 ^ -5 .-a ^ ^ H-i ^ 3 ^ V .^ n! o T3 O OJ 3 flj -3 t^ -^ o 3 v-/ a ^O ^ O ''^J i-i .a 3 (U > O U vS "" (U -S -3 t; ^ .-3 O 3 3 '^ "o C S-i O 3 in fn 3 (U in § 3 C l-i S o o" -1 z; 3 a o ■s tp S to is T3 ^ i ;: T3 -3 3 ^ i; (J rt _« -U o ^ ^ u rt ^ 5 — ^ E >- "a c o >, o o >- 5 .? w^ i. tfl 1) >> «J O , ^^ ^ C S O O == ■a -^ i> -a -^ ^ ►P *<" '3 •- "5: -" ? 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O ^ 4) o 5 & o J- > £ p ^ o ^ to ~ ^ o ,■* rt 'J- -JO y -^ o rt il 2- t,. - -n ^ 1) u M-3 £ ^ ■£ ■£ .S "* £ "* •^ ^ '3 14-1 '^^ "S i: o ^ '= ^ 13 5 S ■n rt ^ rt ^ ;=: tn o&2c"o-£.22c2° o ^ .« ^;5 — rt '5 P -5 D tn '— 'C iJ 3 .« rS rt 01 ^ '5 o ^ >, — P - 3 O SP 0) P j3 o ir 3 >_■ U ;* ^5 ti T 3 . *-" c P 3 >*-- c-i -a tn tn V J5 1) rt ^ tu >^ 53 :/: bO 3 P ^ bO 3 IS 0) .2 "tn ^ <4-l rt 3 tl, P ^ 5 -C *^ •£ ■ O 2: 53 73 a, -r tn ? O a.. • ^ O e nS i> P t-. g «-»-» lU rt ~ ID n tn ^ C r^ br, i~4 > tn P r- >> >^ ■a -i^ Ci 2 '^ tn w rt i"^ -£l^rt &. > --; *j O) rt J2 tn rg •n (L) C /n O H ^^ u B- ^ ^ 3 x: rt ^ •^ ^ 5 -^ l) l-J rt .ii ii g ^ ^ 2 ■£ o p o 2 cj -C rt -5 ^' 3 "S >i5 S H -53 u to a 2 - >- o rt o O ■~ P ^" .P ,: greatest Prize, shal have j The Blanke that shall bee drawne out next after the ") said great Prize, shall have ) The Blankes that sliall be drawne out immediately be- > fore the 2. next greatest Prizes, shall have each of them j The severall Blankes next after them shall have also > each of them j The severall Blankes next before the foure Great Prizes, shall have each of them The severall Blankes next after them shall have also ) each of them j The severall Blankes next before the six gi'eat Prizes, ) shall have each of them ) The severall Blankes next after them shall also have ] each of them j "} 25. crownes. 25. crownes. 20. crownes. 20. crownes. 15. crownes, 15. crownes. 10. crownes. 10. crownes. " Imprinted at London by Felix Kyngston, for Willitara Welby, the 22. of FebruarieJ 1615." Smith extracts from CCCXLII. in his " Generall History," pp. 117-119. This lottery was drawn November 17, 1615, and was really the Second Great Lottery ; the First Great Virginian Lottery, as we have seen, was drawn in June and July, 1612. CCCXLII. is No. 151, Broadside of the Society of Anti- quaries of London ; I know of no other original. It has 766 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. been wrongly catalogued under 1616. (See my remarks on CXIV.) The year is not Old Style ; it would have borne the date 1615, if printed in London between September 29, 1614, and September 29, 1615. CCCXLIIL EXTRACT FROM THE TRADE'S INCREASE. Some time prior to February 22, 1615, there issued from the press a tract called " The Trades Increase. Printed by Nicholas Okes, and are to be sold by Walter Burre." The preface is signed with the initials I. R. It was written against the East India Company. It contains the following references to Virginia, viz. : — On page 26. " I cannot finde any other worthy place of forren anchorage. For the Bermudas, We know not yet what they will doe ; and for Virginia we know not well what to do with it : The present profit of those two Col- onies not employing any store of shipping. The great ex- pence that the nobility and gentry have been at in planting Virginia is no way recompensed by the poor returns from thence." On page 53. " The Virginia Company pretend almost all that Maine twixt it and New-found-land to bee their Fee-Simple, whereby many honest and able mindes, dis- posed to adventiu-e, are hmdred and stopped from repairing to those places, that they either know or would discover, even for fishing." February 22, 1615. Extract from the Court Mmutes of the East India Company. " Report of M^ Leate and M^ Bell that Mr. Attorney and another lawyer find some points in the book, called the Trades Increase, very near to treason and all the rest very dangerous. The opinion of M"" Sohcitor desired ; Sir Dud- ley Diggs of opinion that a book should be set forth in defence of the East India trade." EXTRACT FROM BRITAIN'S BUSS. 767 CCCXLIV. EXTRACT FROM THE DEFENSE OF TRADE. Soon after this, there appeared '' The Defence of Trade. In a Letter to Sir Thomas Smith, Knight, Governour of the East India Companie &c. From one of that Societie. Vexat censura Cokunbas. London, Printed by William Stansby for John Barnes, and are to be sold at his shop over against Saint Sepulchres Church without Newgate. 1615." (Signed at the end of pamphlet, Dudley Digges. In the tract he speaks of Sir Thomas Smythe as his kins- man.) The tract is a defense of the merchant companies. On page 30, Diggs, replying to the reflection on Virginia, says : — " This ready Companie (of Muscovie) to doe him service, and to good their Countrie, May perhaps finde meanes, to save home-store, by trying a conclusion in Virginia, which this worthy author thinkes, men know not what to doe withaU." [Mem. — In March, 1615, Byleth and Baffin sailed on their voyage for Discoverie of Seas, Lands and Hands to the North- Westwards, etc. The Welcome sailed for the Bermudas probably about the same time.] CCCXLV. EXTRACT FROM BRITAIN'S BUSS. Extract from " Britain's Buss, or A computation as well of the charge of a Buss or Herring Fishing ship ; as also of the Gain and Profit thereby. By E. S. London. Printed by Wilham Jaggard for Nicholas Bourne, and are to be sold at his shop at the south entry of the Royal Ex- change. 1615." . . . " Timber and Plank. And for all the great and pitiful waste of our English woods ; yet will England afford tim- ber and plank enough for many Busses : but, to spare Eng- 768 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614^ULY, 1616. land awhile, Ireland will yield us Busses enough, besides many other good ships, if need be ; and Scotland will hel^^ us with masts. But if w^e would spare so near home, we may help ourselves out of Virginia and Sommer Isl- ands." . . . As this tract mentions the " Trtide's Increase," as " now newly come abroad," I suppose it was written early in 1615, soon after the " Trade's Increase. CCCXLVI. CAREW TO ROE. See "The Letters of Carew to Roe," printed for the Camden Society of England in 1860, pp. 6, 7, and also pp. 53, 54. April, 1615. " The Frenche, who were planted in an Hand in the mouthe of the river Maraynor, are displanted by the Portugals. There whole number were 400 French- men, but 100 of them unserviceable by reason of sickness. None were spared, but aU of them, allmost to a man, put to the sword, and the women and children found no mercye. The Portugal commander thatt tryumphes with this victorie is the governor of Brasil, who surprised them thatt were over negligent ; his forces consisted of 800 Portugals and 800 Indians. The French fort, which was well fortified, is rased to the ground. I pray God thatt Virginia may not drinke of the same cuppe ! " CCCXLVII. EXTRACT FROM RECORDS OF DOVER. From "Liber Vocatus A." Commencing 19th Elizabeth, September 15, 1577. Contaming the Common Assembly Minutes of this Borough of Dover. " 8'^ May 1615. A Letter read from the Lords of the Council to adventure in the Lottery for the Lottery for the Plantation of Virginia. <£5. adventured out of the Towns Yr. [Treasury ?] by 20 Lots to be made in the name of the EXTRACTS FROM THE RECORDS OF WYCOMBE. 769 town of Dover. M' Mayor to send the same according to direction. If any profit be had to be the corporations." " ii'* July 1615. The <£5. adventure paid in London by 20 Lotts and a receipt of the same and N*' of the Lots produced." CCCXLVIII. EXTRACTS FROM THE RECORDS OF WYCOMBE. FROM FIFTH BEPT. ROYAL HIST. COM. PAGE 559. From Records of the Borough of High Wycombe. Folio 146b. Under date May 27, 1615, a list is given " of the names of the adventurers for Vii-gmia," ^. e. of persons who ven- tured sums of money in the Lottery made on the new set- tlement there ; the largest venture being that of Robert Kempe, gent., who subscribes 40 shillings ; the smallest sums subscribed being 5 shillings. The common clerk probably made the entry, and does not appear to have very favorably regarded the speculation, as he ends the hst with " Posslbllla S2)es comitaturr After which is entered, " Memorandum that it is agreed amongst the said Adven- turers that Roberte Gray, seargeant, and Edward Randall, Parishe Clarke, shall have eyther of them, the benefitt of a lott of 5.S., for there paines in collecting of the abovesaid somys of money, as well and fully as though they had adventured there lottes." Many children's names having been entered, each for a lot, the following is added : " It is agreed the parents of the said children shall have and take Sommes due to the children, and discharge the towne." [Mem. — Four ships were sent out by the Londoners to the New England coast in January, 1615. Returning, one loaded with dry fish sailed for Spain, and was taken by the Turks. One went to Virginia to relieve that colony, " and two came for England with the greene fish, treine oyle and furres, within sixe moneths." Captain John Smith sailed 770 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. from Plymouth in March with two ships, on his so-called " second voyage to New England ; " he soon returned with the large ship, but Master Dermer made the voyage safely in the small bark. Smith again sailed (on his so-called " thu'd voyage ") June 24, following ; but fell into the hands of " Pyrats." CCCXLIX. THE SOMERS ISLANDS CHARTER. COLONIAL ENTRY BOOK, VOLUME XVIL PAGES 1-46. On the 29'^ June, 1615, King James granted to Henry Earl of Southampton, Lucy Countess of Bedford, William Earl of Pembroke, William Lord Paget, William Lord Cav- endish, Sir Ralph Winwood, Sir Robert Rich, Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Robert Maunsell, Sir Edwyn Sandys, Su' Dudley Diggs, Sir John Watts, Sir Anthony Archer, Sir Samuel Sandys, Sir John Merrick, Sir Richard Smith, Sir Thomas Howgan, Sir Lyonel Cranfeild, Sir John Heyward, Sir Richard Grubham, Sir Lawrence Hyde, Knights.' John Walter, Richard Martin, John Wroth, John Walstenholme, Richard Chamberlaine, Nicholas Hyde, William Garraway, George Thorpe, Jerom Heydon Esquires. George Cham- berlane, Wm Caninge, Mei^cJiants. Anthony Hinton Doc- tor in Physic, Richard Tomhns JEsquire, John Hayward clerk, WiUiam Payne Esquire, Morris Abbot merchant, Charles Anthony Goldsmith, Anthony Abdey, William Aderley, Arthur Bromfeild, George Barkley merchants, John Banks r)iercer, Christopher Baron, Edward Bishop, Jo. Britton, Nicholas Benson, Thomas Church, Thomas Covel, Abram Cartwright, Allen Cotton, Christopher CHth- ere, Richard Caswell, Abram Chamberloin, Edw. Ditch- feild Salter, Abram Dawes, Jo: Dike, John Delbridge, George Etheridge, Nicholas Exton, Richard Edwards, Nicholas Ferrer merchant, John Feme, Giles Francis, AVilliam Felgate, Edward Fawcet, Jo. Fletcher, William Greenwell merchant-tayler, Robert Gore merchant-tayler, SIR THOMAS ROE THE SOMERS ISLAND CHARTER. 771 Jo : Gearing Ralph Hamer merchant-tayJer, George Hol- man, Leonard Harvvood, John Hodges, Robert Johnson grocer, Thomas Jadwhi, Thomas Johnson, PhiL Jacobson. Ralph King, Jo, Kirrell, Thomas Lever, Edward Lukin, Richard Maplesden, Richard Morer, Thomas Noringcot, William Nichols, Robert Offley mercltt, William Palmer, Richard Paulson, Ileildebrand Pruson, William Quick, Richard Rogers, Elias Roberts merchant-tayJor , George Robins, George Scot, Edmund Scot, George Swinhoe, Abram Speckard, Cleophas Smith, Robert Smith, Mat. Sheppard, George Smith grocer, John Barnard, Henry Timberlake, William Welby Stationer, Thomas Wale, Rich- ard Webb haberdasher, Thomas Welles, Thomas Wheat- ley, John West grocer, Jo. Weld, John Wooddall, William Webster, Gideon Delaun, John Osborne, Warren Smith and Robert Philips, a charter of incorporation, by the name of the Governor and Company of the City of London for the plantation of the Somers Islands, with sole government and power to make laws, conformable to the Laws of Eng- land, etc. [Mem. — Richard Hawkins sailed on his voyage for New England in October, 1615. Court Minutes of the East India Company, September 12, 1615, mentions the " Benefit of the Trade to the East Indies to the King — and His Majesty's gracious inclination and favour towards the Company," etc. " The Royal cus- toms for the two last shq)S returned was about .£14.000. while in the Queen's time Mr. Customer Smythe farmed all of the Royal customs at £12,000." November 3, 1615. '*' The East India Company desires the discovery of things yet unknown or micertain for the future good of Pos- teritye."] 772 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. CCCL. TOBACCO MEMORANDA. Among tlie manuscripts of the Right Honorable the Earl De la Warr at Knowle Park, County Kent, are the following, relating to tobacco : — " March 22'''' 1613-4. W. Shipman to Sir John Feme : He says there was spent yearly in this kingdom .£200.000 or more on tobacco. He offers £5.000 a year as a present to a nobleman of the court for an exclusive patent." " Se2it. SO. 1615. Certificate of the quantity of Tobacco in Portsmouth in The Flying Horse of Flushing, from Virginia, 30'^'' Sej)t. 1615 ; From W. Budcl, one great roll containing 105 lbs of Midding Tobacco." There is also another certificate of February 10, 1616, which gives the number of pounds as 104, showing the loss of weight with time, which those who deal in tobacco have long been familiar vdth. There was also published this year : " An advice how to plant Tobacco in England : and How to bring it to colour and perfection ; to whom it may be profitable, and to whom harmfuU. The vertues of the Hearbe in generall, as well in the outward application as taken in Fume. With the danger of the Spanish Tobacco. Written by C. T. Lon- don, Printed by Nicholas Okes, and are to be sold by Wal- ter Burre. 1615." There had been many tracts issued in England, on the tobacco question [pro and con.) ; in one of them we are told that it was " Better to be chokt with English hemp, Then poisoned with Indian Tabacco." Several historians of Virginia, who seem to me to be ever prone to go even out of their way to give King James a rap, have insinuated that " A Counterblast to Tobacco," by that king, was wTitten against Virginia tobacco ; but this tract was pubhshed in 1604, even before any colony was planted in Virginia. CAREW TO ROE. 773 [Mem. — " November 17'^ 1615, began the drawing of the second great Lottery for Virginia, at the West end of Saint Paules chui-ch." — Howes' Abridgement.] CCCLI. EAST INDIA COMPANY TO THE LORD MAYOR. From Remembrancia, City of London (1579-1*664), An- alytical Index, pp. 290, 291. " A Letter from the Governor and Assistants of the East India Company to the Lord Mayor of London, stating that the Court of Aldermen had been pleased, in the 27. Eliza- beth, to bestow upon Captain John Martyn the next office or place that might fall void ; since which the office of Judge of the sheriffs' Court, becoming void by the surrender of Mr. Morgan, had been given, during Captain Martyu's absence in Virginia, to Sir Edward Mosely, Knight, who held the next reversion. They prayed the Court to restore him [Martyn] to his ancient right according to his grant. [The names of the Governor and eight Assistants are appended.] " ir^ December, 1615." CCCLII. CAREW TO ROE. LETTERS FROM CAREW TO ROE. CAMDEN SOCIETY, 1860, PAGE 27. " There is nothinge this last sommer performed either by the Norwest or Northeast for the discoverye of the passage to the East Indies ; I pray God that this next yere may have better successe. The plantation att Virginia and Bermuda sleepes, frome whence I can send your Lordship no relation. I thanke you for your letter from the Cape of Good Hope, and as you may, I pray you to lett me understand of your proceedinges in that eastern world. . . . " Savoy, 24 Januarye 1615 " [0. S.]. [Mem. — Captain Daniel Tucker's commission as gov- 774 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. ernor of the Bermudas is dated February 15, 1616. See the " Memorials of the Bermudas," by Lefroy. March 6. " A Bill of Adventure of £12 10^ granted to M" Simon Codrington, being one share of land in Virginia." — From the Records of the Virginia Company. This is the first entry of the kind which I have found. In 1617, and after, these shares began to acquire a value, and were fre- quently bought and sold. March 19. " Sii' Walter Raleorhe is enlardgfed out of the Tower, and is to go his journey to Guiana ; but re- maynes unpardoned untill his retourne ; he left his man- sion in the Tower the 19"' day of this monethe " [March, 1616]. — Carew to Roe.] CCCLIII. A BRIEF DECLARATION. In 1885, while hunting for the tract, " State of the Col- ony and affaires in Virginia. London, 1616," which is mentioned in. the Ternaux Compans Catalogue, I received the following note from a friend in England, which explains itself : — British Museum, July 17, 1885. . . . '* With regard to the entry in the Ternaux Com- pans Catalogue, I have found in the Grenville Collection a small tract of 8 pages ; but the said tract is without title- page. There is a date of ^ April 1616,' written upon page 1, and the Museum authorities have queried the date [1616?]. " I beheve this to be the work mentioned in the Ternaux Catalogue. Yours obediently, '' R. English." As it refers to " Nova Britannia " [LXVIII.] as having been written " about seaven yeares before," and then speaks of June 25 as in the future, I suppose it was written be- tween February and June, 1616, probably in " April 1616." Possibly the writer of this date got it from the title-page, now lost. The original in the Museum is the only one that I know of. It is a valuable official document. A BRIEF DECLARATION. 775 " By His Maiesties Counseil for Virginia. " A Briefe Declaration of the present state of things in Virginia, and of a Division to be now made, of some part of those Lands in our actuall possession, as well to all such as have adventured their money es, as also to those that are Planters there. " When first it pleased God to move his Maiesties minde, at the humble suit of sundry his loving subjects, to yeeld unto them his gracious Priviledge for the Virginia Planta- tion, it was a thing seeming strange and doubtfuU in the eye of the World, that such and so few Vnder-takers should enterprise a charge of that waight, as rather beseemed a whole State and Commonwealth to take in hand. But such was the successe of their sundry attempts, in the happy dis- coverey of so goodly a Land, the Description of which, for the excellencie of the climate and fertihtie tliereof , had soone obtayned to lay such an assured ground of future hope, in the sence and understanding of all men rightly weighing it, that not long after, their new Letters Patents, with more ample priviledges granted by his Maiestie, were almost filled with many hundred Names, both Honourable, and others of all sorts, that gave their hands and consent to further and uphold that honourable action. " Vpon which encouragement of so many worthy Patrons, the Companie very deepely engaged themselves, in sending Men and Ships, Cattle, and all kinde of provisions, with Governours and Captaines for peace and war, insomuch as no earthly meanes seemed then wanting for the speedy re- ducing of that barbarous Nation, and savage people, to a quiet Christian Common-wealth. " But such was the will of Almighty God, as the world well knoweth, that this great hope and preparation, by many disasters on Sea and Land, too long to be here recited, was in a manner cleane defeated, and there onely remained a poore remnant of those Men and Women, Cattle and pro- visions, that escaped the danger and which are now remayn- ing there to rayse and build up that intended Colonie. 776 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. " Which when those Gentlemen th' adventurers here saw, and that the expectance of so great a preparation brought nothino- home but adverse successe and bad reports, they for the most part withdrew themselves, in despaire of the enterprize, and so gave it over, not enduring to repay re the mines, nor to supply what themselves had underwritten, to discharge the deepe engagement, whereinto the Company was drawne by their encouragement. " By whose Vnconstancie and irresolution, the hope of that Plantation, together with the lives of our people there, had then utterly perished, had not God's secret purpose beene more strongly fixed to uphold the same, by stirring up the mindes and undaunted spirits of a very small rem- nant of constant Adventurers, that with Sir Thomas Smith (their Treasurer and Governor from the beginning) in all that time of three yeares disaster, were never discouraged, nor withdrew themselves from weekly Courts and meetings, yeelding their purses, credit and Counseil, from time to time, to make new supplies, even beyond their proportion, to up- hold the Plantation. " Insomuch as by the favourable assistance of God, who in his owne wisdome doth oftentimes effect the greatest ends by weakest means, it is now come to passe, that our English Colonic there, subsisteth in a very good and prosperous con- dition : They sow and reape their Corne in sufficient propor- tion, without want or impeachment ; their Kine multiply al- ready to some hundreds, their Swine to many thousands, their Goates and Poultry in great numbers, every man hath house and ground to his owne use, and now being able to maintaine themselves with food, they are also prepared and ready, once having the meanes, to set upon the Minerals, whereof there are many sorts ; as also to plant and how such severall Kindes of Seeds and Fruits, as may best befit the Soyle and Climate, to make the Land profitable to them- selves and th' Adventurers. " This being a true Relation of the present state and hope of things in Virginia, wee thought good in this short man- A BRIEF DECLARATION. 777 ner to mention it by the way, as well to give those worthy Governors in Virginia their deserved praise, for the unspeak- able paines and hazzard which they have endured there, in framing the people and Plantation to so happy a forme, as also to withdraw the despayring thoughts of such old re- tyred Adventurers, that make no other reckoning, but what- soever hath beene si)ent upon the name of Virginia to be lost and cast away ; the special purpose of this our Publica- tion, being to another end, which for the further satisfying of all reasonable minded, wee wiU now in few words deliver. " It was published to the world, about seaven years since,^ and the time is now expired, wherein wee promised to cause a Di\ddent to be made of the Lands in Virginia, as well to every mans person that went himselfe to the Plantation, as to every particular man that had adventured his money. " And in as much as we are now by the Natives liking and consent, in actuall possession of a great part of the Country, the other part not as yet freed from encumber of woods and trees, nor thoroughly survayed,^ whereby to make a Divident of the whole : yet of that part which is now fit for Plantation, we intend, God willing to beginne a present Division by Lot to every man that hath already adventured his money or person, for every single share of twelve pounds tenne shillings, fifty Acres of Land, till fur- ther opportunitie vd\[ afford to divide the rest, which we doubt not will bring at least two hundred Acres to every single share. " This Division is intended to be done by a new Gov- ernor with Commissioners and surveyers to be sent from hence to ioyne with others that are there already,^ to give every man his Lot in due proportion, according to such indifferent ^ Directions as shall be oriven them in charjje. 1 This evidently refers to LXVIII., ^ That is, impartial. " Nova Britannia," February 18, 1609. Charles Campbell, hi his History of ' The council evidently had surveys Virginia (edition 18G0, p. 116), refer- of the rivers and adjacent lands. ring to Chalmers' Introduction, vol. i. It was afterwards determined to p. 10, says : " The year of 161.5 is send Captain Argall as the new gov- remarkable in Virginia history for the ernor. first establishment of a fixed property 778 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. " And for as much as this course of sending a Governor with Commissioners and a Survayor, with Men, Shij)s, and sundry provisions, for fortifications and other occasions ; as all men may conceive, cannot bee effected without great charge and expence to the Company ; it is therefore thought requisite, and determined, that so many Adventurers as will partake of this first Divident, shall present their Names, with their number of shares, into a Booke remayning at Sir Thomas Smith's for that purpose, before the 25. of June next. " And they shall also promise under their handes, to con- tribute to the said charge, the summe of twelve pounds ten shillings to be paid within one Monetli after subscrij)tion, whether his shares be more or lesse, except any man shall be pleased to adventure more, and for which twelve pound ten shillings (or more if hee will) he shall also have a further Divident of land in proportion, as for all other his monies formerly adventured. But for such as are not able to lay downe present monie, if they shall desire favour, it is agreed for them, that the Treasurer may receive the one half e of their said adventure in present money, after their underwriting, to furnish out the ships, and the other halfe at six moneths after that. " And that no man may hereafter excuse himselfe by ignorance, nor taxe the Company for concealing their pur- pose, we declare to all men, that this present Division is to be onely in the Lands lying along the Kings River on both sides, and all about the new Townes erected ; in which so many as shall give in their names as aforesaid, may have their parts, and those that will not, may at their pleasure forbeare till hereafter, to take their Lot upon the same tearmes in places more remote. " The Names of all such as will partake of this Divident, shall be given in writing to the Commissioners before they in the soil, fifty acres of land being reform was brought about mainly by granted by the company to every free- the influence of Sir Thomas Dale, one man in absolute right. This salutary of the best of the early governors." A BRIEF DECLARATION. 779 goe hence, at whose returne they shall bring with them a perfect Map and Description of the said lands and ground di\aded, that every man may see and know in what condi- tion and where his land lyeth, that accordingly he may dis- pose thereof at his pleasure, eyther by going himselfe in person to possesse it, or by sending famihes to manure it for yearely rent, or for haKe the cleare profits as many others doe. " And furthermore, every man's portion allotted to him, shall be confirmed as state of inheritance to him and his heyers for ever, with bounds and limits under the Compa- nies Scale, to be holden of his Maiestie, as of his Manour of East Greenwich, in Socage Tenure, and not in Capite, according to his Maiesties gracious Letters Patents already granted to the Virginia Company in that behalfe. " And notwithstanding, as we hope, the chiefe brunt and doubt of that Plantation is now overpast, whereof to their great charofe and hazzard the old Adventurers have endured the most difficult part, and might therefore iustly appropri- ate this present Divident to themselves, yet at the motion and desire of many Gentlemen and others intending to be new-adventurers, it is resolved and granted by the Com- pany, that all new-Adventurers, subscribing and performing the conditions before mentioned, for twelve pounds tenne shillings, or more, shall, partake in proportion as freely in this present Divident, and in any other priviledge and free- dome in Virginia, as if with the Old Adventiu-ers they had been partakers from the beginning. '' FINIS." [Mem. — March 26, 1616. Robert Bileth, master, and William Baffin, pilot, sailed on Baffin's fifth voyage for the discovery of a passage to the Northwest. Eight ships sailed to the New England coast in the first half of 1616. Richard Vines was probably in command of one of these vessels. I believe that ships were sent to this coast from England each year during 1607-16, either by the Lon- 780 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. don Company of Virginia, Sir Francis Popliam, Sir Fercli- nando Gorges, the merchants of London or Bristol, or by other EngHshmen ; but the masters of these ships were gen- erally not " given to writing," and the records of their voyages are chiefly wanting. CCCLIV. SMITH'S MAP OF NEW ENGLAND. This map of New England, " observed and described by Captayne John Smith," drawn by Robert Gierke, engraved by Simon Pass and printed by George Low, was first issued, I believe, with CCCLV. It was reviewed in its different conditions by Mr. James Lenox and Mr. Charles Deane in " Curiosities of American Literature," in " Norton's Literary Gazette," March 15 and May 1, 1854. I doubt if it was drawn from Smith's surveys (although he says so). It does not retain any of the original names given by the EngHsh, French, or Dutch discoverers, and I believe that these old landmarks of Gosnold, Weymouth, and others were suppressed by him,^as their presence would have invalidated his claim that the map was engraved from an original survey made by himself in 1614, and that pre- vious mxaps of the coast were of no value. I think it will be readily seen that CLVIII. is equally as valuable as CCCLIV., if not more so, for this region. The maps with Smith's works, for cogent reasons, were the only maps of the colonies engraved in England, thus becoming public property, and the only authority in the premises accessible to the public. The more valuable orig- inal maps, retaining the names given by the original dis- vented the abandonment of the coun- " To Banbury came I, O profane One ! "Where I saw a puritane one try ; that he " layd those by the heeles " Hanging of his cat on Monday who brought charges against him ; that For killing of a mouse on Sundaj-." -uiiiiii-i. -Ui. ii _ ^ •'he had but thirty-eight men to keep ^ It is true there were only from that great country ; that once in eyery thirty-eight to forty-five Englishmen four or five days Pocahontas saved at Jamestown on the morning of Jan- their lives by bringing in provisions, uary 2, 160;. when Smith returned ; and that finally Newport arrived. The but Ratcliffe, and not Smith, was in condemned prisoner of a single day authority at the time. The account of presents himself to us as the Lord and this time in the General History is Master of a week or more, very misleading. Smith evidently ^ There were thirty-eight English feels the great weakness of his case, and four Dutchmen present. This and sees the necessity of strengthen- Pocahontas incident is another after- ing his position. He reached James- thought of the General History. It is town in the morning, was arrested, not in the account of this voyage in tried and convicted, and his execution CCXLV. was only prevented by the arrival ^ Another Pocahontas afterthought. of Ne^vpo^t, with provisions, on the Her name does not occur in the nar- evening of the same day. Yet in his rative of this event in CCXLV. CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH TO QUEEN ANNE. 787 "James towne with her wild traine she as freely fre- quented, as her fathers habitation ; and during the time of two or three yeeres, she next under God, was still the instru- ment to preserve this Colonie from death, famine and utter confusion ; which if in those times, had once beene dissolved, Virofinia mioht have line as it was at our first arrivall to this day.^ " Since then, this businesse having beene turned and varied by many accidents from that I left it at : it is most certaine, after a long and troublesome warre after my de- parture, betwixt her father and our Colonie ; all which time shee was not heard of. " About two yeeres after " shee herself e was taken pris- oner, being so detained neere two yeeres longer, the Colo- nie by that meanes was relieved, peace concluded ; and at last rejectmg her barbarous condition, was maried to an English gentleman, with whom at this present she is in England ; the first Christian ^ ever of that Nation, the first Virginian ever spake English, or had a cliilde"* in mariage by an Englishman ; a matter surely, if my meaning bee truly considered and well understood, worthy a Princes under- standing. " Thus, most gracious Lady, I have related to your Mai- estie, what at your best leasure our approved Histories will account you at large,^ and done in the time of your Maies- ties life ; and however this might bee presented you from a ^ The success of the movement for in April, 1614, one year after her cap- establishing English colonies in Araer- tare. ica never depended on John Smitli or ^ This may not have been very wel- Pocahontas ; but it seems evident that come news to Queen Anne ; in fact the managers of the enterprise valued the letter does not seem very appro- the services of Pocahontas much more priate to her, as her sympathies are highly than they did those of Smith ; said to have been with the Roman and Smith himself was probably fully Catholics at this time, aware of this fact. * It has been asserted, on what au- 2 Smith was sent from Virginia as thority, I know not, that the child was a prisoner early in October, 1609. born in England. It was evidently Pocahontas was taken in April, 1613 ; born before this letter was written, was converted, and afterwards married ^ The account at large referred to is in CCCXXVII. 788 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1G14-JULY, 1616. more worthy pen, it cannot from a more honest heart, as yet I never begged anything of the state, or any : ^ and it is my want of abihtie and her exceeding desert ; your birth, meanes and authoritie ; hir bii'th, vertue, want and simpHcitie, doth jnake mee thus bold, humbly to beseech your Maiestie to take this knowledge of her, though it be from one so un- worthy to be the reporter, as myselfe, her husbands estate not being able to make her fit to attend your Maiestie.^ The most and least I can doe, is to tell you this, because none so oft hath tried it as myselfe, and the rather being of so great a spirit, however her stature : if she should not be well re- ceived, seeing this Kingdome may rightly have a Kingdome by her meanes ; her present love to us and christianitie might turne to such scorne and furie, as to divert all this good to the worst of evill : where finding so great a Queene should doe her some honour more than she can imagine, for being so kinde to your servants and subjects, would so rav- ish her with content, as endeare her dearest bloud to effect that, your Majestic and all the Kings honest subjects most earnestly desire. " And so I humbly kisse your gracious hands." ^ Wingfielcl says he was an un- tas were concerned, and the writer licensed beggar m Ireland before he seems to be well aware of this fact, went to Virginia, and evidently during for although it is written ostensibly in the last fifteen or twenty years of his her interest, it does not lose sight of life, " he worked his self-asserted ser- the interest of Smith for a moment. vices in America for all that they were Charles Dudley Warner well says, worth," and not without some success. " Fortunate is the hero who links his 2 Her husband, John Rolfe, was of name romantically with that of a a good family ; she was brought over woman." And this was Smith's forte ; by, and was an object of great inter- according to his aceoont, " he was res- est to, people of far greater influence cued and protected and felt reliefe than Smith. The letter was superflu- from that sex in his greatest dangers " oas so far as the interests of Pocahon- in nearly every quarter of the globe. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON, JUNE 22, 1616. 789 CCCLVII. CAREW TO ROE, JUNE, 1616. FROM CAEEW TO ROE, CAMDEN SOC. PUB. 1S60, PAGE 36. " Sir Thomas Dale retourned f rome Virginia : he hathe brought divers men and women of that countrye to be edu- cated here, and one Rolfe, who maried a daughter of Pohetan (the barbarous prince) called Pocahuntus, hathe brouo'ht his wife withe him into Enoland. The worst of that plantation is past, for our men are well victualled by there owne Industrie, but yett no proffit is retourned. In the Bermudas little good is to be expected ; they make some tobacco, but of other Industrie, I heare nothinge. Since our plantation there the ratts are so multiplied, whereof that island was free, as that they destroyed whatsoever is planted." CCCLVIII. CHAMBERLAIN TO CARLETON, JUNE 22, 1616. FROM ENGLISH STATE PAPER OFFICE. " Sir Frauncis Bacon has been sworn of the Counsaile and was in election by every man's account to be presently Lord Keeper ; but that rumor is since reasonablie cooled, and yt is saide he must tarrie the time till he may be Lord Chauncellor, for (as a Lady told the King) yt is to be doubted he will never be a goode keeper. . . . " Sir Thomas Dale is arrived from Virginia and brought with him some ten or twelve old and younge of that Coun- trie, among whom the most remarquable person is Poca- huntas (daughter to Powatan a Kinge or cacique of that Countrie) married to one Rolfe an Englishman : I heare not of any other riches or matter of worth, but only some quan- titie of Sassafras, tobacco, pitch and clapboord, things of no great value unles there Avere more plentie and neerer hand. All I can learne of yt is that the countrie is goode to live in yf yt were stored with people and might in time become commodious, but there is no present profit to be 790 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. expected : but you may understand more by himself [Sir Thomas Dale] when he comes into those parts, which he pretends to do within a moneth or little more." . . . CCCLIX. ROLFE'S RELATION TO JAMES I. KIMBOLTON MANUSCRIPTS, NO. 208. " A true relation of the State of Virginia at the time when Sir Thomas Dale left it in May, 1616." It is in the form of a letter from John Rolf to Sir Robert Rich. This is the same document which Rolf also sent " to the Kincf's most Sacred Majestie." " It was carefully transcribed from the Royall MSS.," and was published in the " Southern Literary Messenger " for June, 1839 (vol. v. p. 401), from which it was copied into Maxwell's " Virginia Historical Register " for July, 1848, vol. i. No. iii. pp. ^101-113. It is catalogued at the British Museum as " Royal MS. 18. A. XI. John Rolf's Relation." It gives a brief review of the colony from the beginning, but is mainly devoted to giving the state of the colony in the spring of 1616. [Mem. — Soon after the return of Dale in the summer of 1616, the company sent out " the first Magaziu " in a small ship called the Susan.] CCCLX. ABBOT'S GEOGRAPHY. George Abbot, afterwards Archbishop of Canterbury, while master of University College, Oxford, wrote for his pupils, " A Briefe Description of the whole world," gen- erally known as " Abbot's Geography." The first edition was published in 1599 ; the following is extracted from the fifth edition, 1620 (I have no other), but the matter was evidently written in 1616 or before, probably for the fourth edition, which issued, I believe in 1617. The second edition is dated 1600, and the third, 1608. The J. Carter-Brown MARGARET RUSSELL-CLIFFORD Coiinti'.'^s of Cninhfrltiud ABBOT'S GEOGRAPHY. 791 Library has a copy of the third edition. The book con- tains 172 unnumbered pages of nearly 350 words each. Numerous editions have been printed, and it is not a high- priced book. It has never been reprinted in this country so far as I know. It is interesting, as showing what was taught in the schools of those days about the New World. " A Briefe Description of the whole world. Wherein is particularly described all the Monarchies, Empires and Kingdomes of the same, with their Academies. Newly augmented and enlarged ; with their severall Titles and scituations thereunto adjoyning. '• At London, Printed for John Marriot, and are to be sold at his shop in Saint Dunston's Church Yard in Fleet- street. 1620." [Title page.] From the chapter " Of America, or the new World." • • • " Among other strange opinions, which they con- ceived of the Spaniards, this was one, that they were the sons of some God, and not borne of mortall seed, but sent downe from Heaven unto them ; and this conceit, was the stronger in them, because at the first, in such conflicts as they had with them, they could kill few or none of them ; the reason whereof was, partly the Armour of the Spaniards, and partly the want of Iron and Steele upon the Arrowes which the Americans did shoote : but they were not very long of that opinion, that they were immortal, but reformed their errour, both by seeing the dead corses of some of the Christians, and by trying an experiment upon some of them also : for they tooke of them, and put their heads under the water, and held them till they were choaked ; by which they knew them to be of the same nature as other men. " Among other points which did shew the great igno- rance and unlettered stupiditie of these Indians, this was one, that they could not conceive the force of writing of Letters; in so much that when one Spaniard would send unto another, being distant in place, in India, with any pro- 792 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. vision, and -would write a Letter by him, what the fellow had received from him : The poore Indian would marvaile how it should be possible that he to whom he came should be able to know all things, which either himselfe brought, or the sender directed : And thereupon divers of them did thinke, that there was some kinde of Spirit in the Paper, and marveilously stood in feare of such a thing as a Letter was. " This country yeeldeth great aboundance of strange Hearbes, the like whereof are not to be found in other parts of the world : as also some very rare Beasts." . . . From the chapter " Of the parts of America towards the North." ..." The French had built in Florida upon the river of Mayo, where they were visited by our Sir John Hawkins, a fort, which they called fort Carolin, and had reasonably assured themselves for their defence against the natives : but some malicious spirits amongst them fled to the Span- iards, with whom they returned againe into Florida to the murther and overthrow of their owne countrimen. . . . " After this departure of the Spaniards out of Florida, brought thither by Ferdinando de Soto, who died in the Country ; after the defeat of the French, and their revenge againe taken on the Spaniards, the King of Spaine sent thither some small forces to take possession of the Country, and set downe there j for no other end as it is thought, but to keepe out other nations from entring there ; the one halfe whereof set downe on the River of Saint Augustine, and the other halfe a dozen leagcues from thence to the Northward, at a place by them called Saint Helena. " In the yeare 1586, as Sir Francis Drake came coasting along from Carthagena, a citie in the maine land, to which he put over, and tooke it after he departed from Sancto Domingo, when the mortality that was amongst our English had made them to give over their enterprise, to goe with Nombre de Dios, and so overland to Pannania, there to have stricken the stroake for the treasure ; as he was on ABBOT'S GEOGRAPHY, 793 the coost of Florida, in the height of 30. our men de- scribed on the shore a place built hke a Beacon, which was made for men to discover to Seaward : so comming to the shore, they marched along the Rivers side, till they came to a fort built all of whole trees, which the Spaniards called the Fort of Saint John, where the King entertained halfe his forces that he then had in that Country, which were an hundred and fiftie souldiers : the like number being at Saint Helena, all of them under the Government of Petro Melendez, Nephew to the Admirall Melendez, that a fifteene or sixteene ye:ires before had beene to-bring with our Eng- lish in the bay of Mexico ; ^ this fort our English tooke, and not farre from thence the Towne also of Saint Auo^ustine upon the same river, where resolving to undertake also the enterprise of Saint Helena ; when they came to the havens mouth where they should enter, they durst not for the dan- gerous shols : wherefore they forsooke the place, coasting along to Virginia, where they tooke in Mr. Ralphe Lane and his Company, and so came into England, as you shall heare when we speake of Virginia. " In these Northerne parts of America, but especially within the maine Continent, some have written (but how truely I cannot tell) that there is a Sea, which hath no entercourse at all with the Ocean : so that if there be any third place beside the Mare Caspium, and the Mare Mor- tuum in Palestina, which retaineth in itselfe great saltnesse and yet mingleth not with the other seas, it is in these Countries. . . . "The Englishmen also, desirous by Navigation to adde something unto their owne Country, as before time they had travailed toward the farthest North-part of America ; so lately finding that part which lieth betweene Florida and Nova Francia AVas not inhabited by any Christians, and was ^ Was Admiral Pedro Menendez de Vera Cruz near the end of September, Avil^s in command of the Spanish 1568 ? The reference must be to this fleet which made the attack on Cap- evenfe tain John Hawkins in the Bay of 794 PERIOD IV. JULY, 1614-JULY, 1616. a Land fruitfull and fit to plant in : they sent thither two severall times, two severall Companies, as Colonies, to inhabit that part, which in remembrance of the Virginity of their Queene, they called Virginia. But this voyage being enterprised upon by private men, and being not throughly followed by the State, the possession of this Virginia, for that time was discontinued, and the Country left to the old inhabitants. " There were some EngHsh people, who after they had understood the calmnes of the Climate, and goodnes of the Soyle, did upon the instigation of some Gentlemen of Eng- land, voluntarily offer themselves, even with their wives and children, to goe into those parts to inhabite ; but when the most of them came there (upon some occasions) they returned home againe the first time, which caused that the second yeare, there was a great company transported thither, who were provided of many necessaries, and continued there over a whole winter, under the guiding of M. Lane : but not finding any sustenance in the Country (which could well brooke with their nature, and being too meanely pro- vided of Corne and victuals from England) they had like to have perished with famine ; and therefoxe thought them- selves happy when Sir Francis Drake, comming that way from the Westerne Indies, would take them into his ships, and bring them home into their native Country. Yet some there were of those EngHsh, which being left behinde, ranged up & down the Country (and hovering about the Sea Coast) made meanes at last (after their enduring much misery) by some Christian ships to be brought back againe into England. " While they were there inhabiting there were some chil- dren borne, and baptized in those parts, and they might well have endured the Country, if they might have had such strength as to keepe off the inhabitants from troubling them in tilling the ground, and reaping such corne as they would have sowed. " Againe in the daies of our now raigning soveraigne. ABBOT'S GEOGRAPHY. 795 in the yeare of our Lord 1606. the English planted them- selves in Virginia, under the degrees 37. 38. 39. where they doe to this day continue, and have built three Townes and forts, as namely James-towne and Henrico ; fort Henricke, and fort Charles, with others, which they hold and inhabite ; sure retreats for them against the force of the natives, and reasonable secured places against any power that may come against them by Sea. " In the same height, but a good distance from the coast of Virginia, lyeth the Hand called by the Spaniards, La Bermuda, but by our English the Summer Hands, which of late is inhabited also by our Countrimen. " North-ward from them on the Sea Coast, lieth Norum- bega, which is the South part of that which the Frenchmen did, without disturbance of any Christian, for a time pos- sesse. For the French-men did discover a large part of America, toward the circle Articke, and did build there some Townes, & named it of their own country Nova Fran- cia." . . . Abbot then refers to the voyages of Frobisher to the Northwest, to Newfoundland fish. Sir Francis Drake in Nova Albion, etc. The two chapters on America, from which I have made the foregoing extracts, contain a total of 9,000 words. [Mem. — There are some remarks on " Foreign Planta- tions and Colonies " in Bacon's Advice to Viscount Villiers, which was probably first written in the summer of 1616, but I do not think it necessary to give them herein, as they have been frequently printed, and as Bacon's ideas in the prem- ises will be found given at greater length in CCCLXIIL] ILLUSTRATIVE DOCUMENTS. The following documents (CCCLXI. to CCCLXV.) were written after the special period of which we treat ; but they are given for several special reasons. CCCLXI. HIS MAJESTY'S COUNCIL FOR THE VIRGINIA COMPANY. FEOM DUEE OF MANCHESTER RECORDS. EIMBOLTON MANU- SCRIPTS, NO. 2SS. A part of this document really belongs to this period, and a part to a little later time ; but it seems best to give the whole of it, rather than an extract ; especially as the men were members of the company before 1617. ' The names from the Earl of Bath to George Thorpe were probably added to the council during 1613-16 ; from Tufton to Greenewell, diu-ing 1617-18 ; and the remainder were probably appointed under the Warwick-Sandys agree- ment in the spring of 1619. " The names of such as have bin chosen to be of his Ma- jesties Councell for Virginia since the date of the third Pattent — William [Bourchier] Earle of Bathe. Sir Robert Phillips, Knight. Sir John Davers, Knight. Sir Lionell Cranfield Knight. Sir Anthoine Aucher. John Wroth Esquier. Richard Chamberlaine, merchant. Robert Johnson, merchant. George Thorpe. Sir Nicholas Tufton, Knight. BROADSIDE BY THE VIRGINIA COUNCIL. 797 James [Hay] Lord Viscount Doncaster. Sir Henry Rainsford. Sir Francis Egioke. Captaine George Yardely. Mr. Morris Abbot, merchant. Mr. Robert Offley, merchant. Sir Edward Harwood. Mr. William Greenewell merchant. Robert [Rich] Earle of Warwicke. Sir Thomas Cheeke. Sir Nathaniel Rich. John Farrar, merchant. Captaine Nathaniel Butler. Robert Heath, Esquier, Recorder of the Citie of London. Thomas Gibbe Esquier." CCCLXII. BROADSIDE BY THE VIRGINIA COUNCIL. This is one of the documents preserved by Mr. John Smith of Nibley. Mr. Charles H. Kalbfleisch of New York has an original, and I know of no other. Its exact date is uncertain ; but it was written some time in the winter of 1616-17 probably, after the period we are specially treating ; but as it has never been printed in this country, and as it is really illustrative of Dale's govern- ment, I have concluded to give it. " By his Majesties Councell for Virginia. " Whereas upon the returne of Sir Thomas Dale Knight, (Marshall of Virginia) the Treasurer, Councell and Com- pany of the same, have beene throughly informed and as- sured of the good estat of that Colony, and how by the blessing of God and good government, there is great plentie and increase of Corne, Cattell, Goates, Swine, and such other provisions, necessary for the hfe and sustenance of man ; And that there wants nothins: for the setlinor of that Chris- tian Plantation, but more hands to gather and returne those 798 ILLUSTRATIVE DOCUMENTS. commodities which may bring profit to the Adventurers, and encouragement to others : And whereas thereupon the Com- pany hath given a commission to Captaine Samuel Argol to be the present Governour of that Colonic, who hath undertaken to transport and carry thither a certain number of men, upon his owne charge, and the charge of other his friends ^ that joyne with him in that Voyage ; in which divers men of good qualitie have resolved to adventure, and to goe thither themselves in person, and to carry with them their wives, their children and their families, whereby in short time (by the favour and assistance of Almighty God) that good worke may be brought to good perfection, by the division and setting out of lands to every particular person, the setling of trade, and returne of Commodities to the con- tentment and satisfaction of all Well affected Subjects, which eyther love the advancement of Rehgion, or the hon- our and welfare of this kingdome : Wee his Majesties Treasurer, Councell and Company for the same Plantation, have thought good to declare and make knowne to all men by these presents, that wee have resolved to give free leave and license to any who are now remaining in Virginia, at his will and pleasure to returne home into England, which liberty wee doe likewise grant and confirme unto all those which hereafter from time to time shall goe thither in per- son, without any other restraint, then to aske leave of the Governour (for the time being) to depart. And therefore if any man be disposed to send any supply to his friends there, or to send for any of his friends from thence, he may hereby take notice, that he hath full power and meanes to doe eyther of them at his good descretion. " God save the King." ^ Among these was his brother, John liam Lovelace and of Captain Raphe Argall, Esq. See sketches of Sir Wil- Hamor. BACON'S ESSAY OF PLANTATIONS. 799 CCCLXIII. BACON'S ESSAY OF PLANTATIONS. This essay bears internal evidence of having been revised for publication between 1620 and 1624 ; but I believe it to have been first written at an earlier date. I give it as an illustrative document, and because I think it will be interesting to compare Lord Bacon's essay with the Broadsides of His Majesty's Council for the Virginia Company, of which Lord Bacon was a member. « Of Plantations. " Plantations are amongst ancient, primitive, and heroical works. When the World was young it begat more chil- dren ; but now it is old, it begets fewer, for I may justly account new plantations to be the children of former king- doms. I like a plantation in a pure soil ; that is, where people are not displanted, to the end to plant in others ; for else it is rather an extirpation than a plantation. Planting of countries is like planting of Woods ; for you must make account to lose almost twenty years' profit, and expect your recompense in the end : for the principal thing that hath been the destruction of most plantations, has been the base and hasty drawing of profit in the first years. It is true, speedy profit is not to be neglected, as far as may stand with the good of the plantation, but no farther. It is a shameful and unblessed thing to take the scum of people and wicked and condemned men, to be the people with whom you plant ; and not only so, but it spoileth the plan- tation ; for they will ever live like rogues, and not fall to work, but be lazy, and do mischief, and spend victuals, and be quickly weary, and then certify over to their country to the discredit of the plantation. The people wdierewith you plant ought to be gardeners, ploughmen, laborers, smiths, carpenters, joiners, fishermen, fowlers, with some few apoth- ecaries, surgeons, cooks and bakers. In a country of plan- tation first look about what kind of victual the country yields of itself to hand : as chesnuts, walnuts, pine-apples. 800 ILLUSTRATIVE DOCUMENTS. olives, dates, plums cherries, Avild honey, and the like ; and make use of them. Then consider what victual, or esculent things there are, which grow speedily, and within the year : as parsnips, carrots, turnips, onions, radish, artichokes of Jerusalem, maize and the like : for wheat, barley, and oats, they ask to much labor ; but with peas and beans you may begin, both because they ask less labor, and because they serve for meat as well as for bread ; and of rice Kkewise cometh a great increase, and it is a kind of meat. Above all there ought to be brought store of biscuit, oatmeal, flour, meal, and the like, in the beginning, till bread may be had. For beasts or bu-ds, take chiefly such as are least subject to diseases and multiply fastest ; as swine, goats, cocks, hens, turkeys, geese, house-dogs, and the like. The victual in plantation ought to be expended almost as in a besieged town ; that is with certain allowance ; and let the main part of the ground employed to gardens or corn, be to a com- mon stock ; and to be laid in, and stored up, and then de- livered out in proportion ; besides some spots of ground that any particular person will manure for his own pri- vate use. Consider, Hkewise, what commodities the soil where the plantation is doth naturally yield, that they may some way helj) to defray the charge of the plantation ; so it be not, as w\as said, to the untimely prejudice of the main business as it hath fared with tobacco in Virginia. Wood commonly aboundeth but too much ; and therefore timber is fit to be one. If there be iron ore, and streams where- upon to set the mills, iron is a brave commodity where wood aboundeth. Making of bay-salt, if the climate be proper for it, would be put in experience : growing silk, likewise, if any be, is a likely commodity : pitch and tar, where store of firs and pines are, wall not fail ; so drugs and sweet woods, where they are, cannot but yield great profit : soap-ashes, like^vise, and other things that may be thought of ; but moil not too much under ground, for the hope of mines is very uncertain, and useth to make the planters lazy in other things. EDWARD SACKVILLE Fourth Earl of Dorset BACON'S ESSAY OF PLANTATIONS. 801 " For government, let it be in the hands of one, assisted with some counsel ; and let them have commission to exercise martial laws, with some limitation ; and above all, let men make that profit of being in the wilderness, as they have God always and his service before their eyes : let not the government of the plantation depend upon too many coun- seUers and undertakers in the country that planteth, but upon a temperate number : and let those be rather noble- men and gentlemen, than merchants ; for they look ever to the present gain. " Let there be freedoms from custom, till the plantation be of strength : and not only freedom from custom, but free- dom to carry their commodities where they make their best of them except there be some special cause of caution. Cram not in people, by sending too fast company after company ; but rather hearken how they waste, and send suppHes propor- tionably ; but so as the number may Hve well in the planta- tion, and not by surcharge be in peniu-y. It hath been a great endangering to the health of some plantations, that they have built along the sea and rivers, in marish and un- wholesome grounds : therefore though you begin there, to avoid carriage and other like discommodities, yet built still rather upwards from the streams, than along. It concerneth likewise the health of the plantation, that they have good store of salt with them, that they may use it in their victuals when it shall be necessary. If you plant where savages are, do not only entertain them with trifles and gingles, but use them justly and graciously, with sufficient guard neverthe- less ; and do not win their favor by helping them to invade their enemies, but for their defense it is not amiss ; and send oft of them over to the country that plants, that they may see a better condition than their own, and commend it when they return. " When the plantation grows to strength, then it is time to plant with women as well as with men ; that the planta- tion may spread into generations, and not be ever pieced from without. 802 ILLUSTRATIVE DOCUMENTS. " It is the sinf ullest thing in the world to forsake or desti- tute a plantation once in forwardness ; for, besides the dis- honor, it is the guiltiness of blood of many commiserable persons." CCCLXIV. MEMBERS OF PARLIAJVIENT IN VIRGINIA COMPANY. KIMBOLTON MANUSCBIPTS, NO. 371. Indorsed : " The names of such as are of the Comons house fi-ee of the Virginia Company, by M*^ Farrar." In the Duke of Manchester Records, Kimbolton MSS., the following is placed under the questioned or uncertain date, "[May 1623?]." The members aU belong to the Parliament (February 12, 1624 -March 27, 1625), and the hst was probably compiled in April, 1624, when " the Vir- ginia qu.estion " was before the House. The list contains forty-nine names. All of them are not in the second and third charters; but they were all either members of the Company hefore 1616, or icere the heirs of members. (About 150 persons joined the company between March, 1612, and July, 1616, who are not named in the foregoing documents.) I can identify seventy-five members of the Parliament of 1624—25, as being members, also, of the Virginia Company ; but probably there were others. This list will give an approximate idea as to the position held by the M. P.'s in the disputes of 1623-24 in the Vir- ginia Company. " The names of divers Knights, Cittizens and Burgesses of the Lower house of Commons that are Adventurers and free of the Virginia Company and yet have not had nor f oUowde the buissiness for Sundry yeares. Sir William Fleetwood. Sir Jhon Stradlyng'. Sir Thomas Denton. Sir Baptist Hicks. Sir Charles Barkly. Sir Arthur Ingram. M" rJames Bag. M' [Richai-d] Leveson. Sir Jhon Walter. M' Thomas Bonde. ADDITIONAL MEMBERS. 803 Sir Greorge Moore. Sir Jhon Cutts. Sir Edmoud Bowyer. Sir Henry Fane. M' Delbridge. Sir Thomas Jermin. Sir James Perrott. M' John Drake. M' [Richard] Dyott. Sir Oliver Cromwell. M' [Richard] Knightly. Sir Robert Cotton. M' [John] Selden. Sir George Calvert. Sir Edward Conway. Sir Edward Cecill. Sir Robert Heath. M' Jhon Arundell. Sir Nicholas Tufton. Sir George Goring. M' Robert Batercan. M' Martyn Bonde. Sir Thomas Midleton. Sir Robert Mansfeild. Sir Dudley Digges. Sir Humfry May. Sir Jhon Ratcliife. M' George Garrett. Sir Henadge Fynch. M' Edward Spencer. Sir Phillip Gary. [James] Lord Wriothsly. M' Jhon Moore. M' Morrice Abbott. Sir Jhon Scudamor. Sir Arthur Mannering. Sir Jhon Saint Jhon. M' [Thomas] Sherwell. Sir Thomas Grantharm. " With divers others which wee cannot uppon a sudden sett downe." CCCLXV. LIST OF ADDITIONAL MEMBERS OF THE VIRGINIA COMPANIES. I am anxious to give as complete a Hst as possible of the leading men who were interested in the American en- terprise during 1606-16, and to those mentioned in the foresroina- documents I am enabled to add from various sources of a later date the following : — John Argall, Esq. Richard Ashcroft. Ambrose Austen. Thomas Baker. Richard Ball. John Bland. Capt. George Bargrave or Bargar. Capt. John Bargrave. Charles Becke. Charles Berkeley. Richard Berkeley, Esq. Wm. Bing. Richard Blackmore. Edward Blunt. Richard Blunt. Thomas Bond, Esq. Henry Briggs. Richard Briggs. Capt. John Brough. Matthew Brownrig. Mmion Burrell. Sir Richard Bulkeley. Abraham Carpenter. Sir Henry Gary, Captaine. Sir Philip Gary. Robert Chamberlaine. Dr. Laurence Chatterton or Chaderton. Wm. Chester. Simon Codrington. Edmond Colby. 804 ILLUSTRATIVE DOCUMENTS. Thomas Colthurst. Sir Robert Cotton. Robert Creswell. Wm. Crowe. George Chudley or Chudleigh. Abraham CuUimore Colmer or Culli- ner. James Ciillimore. Rowley (Ralegh ?) Dausey or Dawsey. Clemeut Daubney or Dabiiey. Richard Dichfield. Sara Draper. Wm. Essington. John Exton. John Farrar or Ferrer. John Fenuer. Sir Heneadge Finch or Fynch. David Floyd or Lloyd. Thomas Francis. Nicholas Fuller. Richard Gardiner. Sir Edward Giles. Edward, Lord Gorges. Sir Ferdinando Gorges. Ralph Gore. Sir George Goring. Dr. Theodore Goulston, or Gulston. Thomas Hackshawe. John Haiward. George Hanger. Robert Harley. Sir Percival Hart. George Harrison. John Harrison, gent. Peter Heightley. Edward Herbert, Esq. Gregory Herst. William Hicks. William Holland. William Houlden. Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundell. George Isham. Gabriel Jacques. James Jewell. Walter Jobson. William Jobson. Edward Johnson. Samuel Jordan. Henry Kent. Jolm Landman. Wm. Laurence. Francis Lodge. Peter Lodge. Thomas Maddox. Sir Henry Mannering or Man waring. Christopher Martin. George Mason. Francis Middleton. Sir Henry Mildmay. Capt. Henry Moles or Meoles. Philip Molex or IVIutes. Nicholas Moone. Thomas Norton. Francis Oliver. John Payne. Abraham Peirsey or Percy. Allen Percy. Thomas Philips. Henry Philpot. Sir Francis Popham. Robert Pory. Nicholas Purefoy. Nicholas Rainton. Humfrey Reynell. Richard Robins. Henry Rolfe. Edward Rotheram. Stephen Sad. Sir John Scudamore. Walter Shelley. Nicholas Sherwell. Thomas Sherwell. Jonathan Smith. Sir Wm. Smith of London. Edward Spencer. Thomas Stacy. Thomas Stokes. George Stone. Sir Martin Stuteville. William Tracy- John Tradescant. Peter Van Lore. Capt. Alphonsus Van Medkerke. Edward Waters. William Ward. John West, Esq. Nathaniel West, Esq. Capt. William West. Garret Weston. Capt. Richard Whitboume. CONCLUSION. 805 John White, Esq. Sir Richard Worsley. David Wiffin. Samuel Wrote, Esq. Will. Willet. Sir Thomas Wroth. Wm. Williamson. John Zouch, Esq. Dr. Thomas Winston. Sir Edward Zouch, Kn't Marshall. I have not attempted to give the names of those who were employed in the ser\dee on wages, unless they were employed in positions of responsibihty. Many were sent as sailors, soldiers, servants, and some as planters, whose names are not given. I have a great many of these names, and I know something of interest regarding some of them ; but the great mass of the names not given in this work are of those of whom we have now no means of ascertaining anything, — the o'reat unknown. Virginia was now regarded as a settled plantation ; Eng- land had placed a check on " Phillipps ambitious grow- inge ; " she had put " a byt into her ainchent enymyes mouth;" she had secured a firm hold on the strategical position afforded by James River, " which in the time of a warre with Spaine would be a commoditie to our Realme, and a great annoyance to our enemies ; " Englishmen were already looking for a good place in which to plant another colony on this continent ; the destiny of North America was in the hands of the Anoio-Saxon. So let it be. BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES PERSONS CONNECTED WITH THE FOUNDING OF VIRGINIA. Biography throws so much light on History, that I doubt if any history can be clearly nnderstoocl without a fair knowledge of the biography of the makers of that history. When we know something of the lives, characters, social position, and public sur- roundings of those engaged in an enterprise, we are then pre- pared to form a more correct idea of the character of the enter- prise itself. Therefore I have made special effort to compile brief biographies of those who were especially interested in the move- ment for planting English colonies in America, and to illustrate the biography with a portrait ; since " it is impossible for me to conceive a work which ought to be more interesting to the present age than that which exhibits before our eyes our fathers as they lived, accompanied with such memorials of their lives and charac- ters as enable us to compare their persons and countenances with their sentiments and actions." ^ While I have been unable to give sketches and portraits of many, I believe that I have identified a sufficient number to illu- strate the character of the whole body. The leading agents in the grand movement, which resulted in our present existence, were among the most prominent actors in one of the most interesting and remarkable transition periods in British history — the time of the translation of the Bible ; the time of Shakespeare, Lord Bacon, Cecil, Ralegh, Ben Jonson, and their contemporaries. It was at this time that the contest between the people, through their representatives, and the Crown began ; and it is interesting to note what a large number of members of the House of Commons were interested in the American enter- prises. The founders of Virginia were the architects of Great Britain's greatness in colonies and commerce. Their records of ^ Sir Walter Scott to the Publisher of Lodge's Portraits. 808 BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES. their actions, necessarily kept private at that time, are now nearly all missing ; but, even if all were lost, knowing so many of those engaged therein as we now do, we would be prepared to form a tolerably correct opinion of the movement. I have not found a list of the members of the North Virginia Company ; but, after the failure to establish their colony in 1608, the Southern Company made an appeal to them to join that com- pany and aid in taking hold of the remarkable strategic position afforded by James River, in the milder climate of Southern Vir- ginia, and many of those named — especially those from the west and southwest parts of England — were certainly members of the Northern company. And after the colony in South Virginia was established many of the members of that company turned their attention to the northward. Of the forty-three first members of His Majesty's Council for New England, at least thirty had been instrumental in founding the colony on James River. The special object of the biographies is to give information not found in the histor}^, and therefore it frequently happens that the part taken by the subjects in the founding of Virginia — the most interesting part to us — is not mentioned at all in this portion of my work. These most interesting items will generally be found in the foregoing history, and the General Index will enable the reader to refer to them easily. The biographies have been compiled from above five hundred volumes, and from a great nvimber of manuscripts. In dealing with so many sources of information, of so varied a character, mistakes have been made sometimes no doubt ; yet I have been as careful as possible. I have given nothing that is not based on what 1 believe to be trustworthy authority. I have tested every statement, and every date, that could be tested. I have not fol- lowed my authorities blindly. Of some, I have given about all that I know. Of others, volumes could be written. Many of those named in the biographies, and entered in the index, are the originators of families, who are to-day largely rep- resented in the United States, and our patriotic citizens should take as much pride in being " of Founders.'' Kin'' as is taken by Englishmen in tracing from the Roll of Battle Abbey. DURATION OF PARLIAMENTS. The sittings of Parliament are sometimes given in my authorities under old style, and sometimes under new style dates, and are thus confusing. I have tried to give uniformly the new style year ; hut the following tahle will enable the reader to make the necessary correction, whenever I may have neglected doing so. Elizabeth. 1st. 23 January, 1559, to 8 May, 1559 . . . 2d. 11 January, 1563, to 2 January, 1567 . . 3d. 2 April, 1571, to 29 May, 1571 . . . 4th. 8 May, 1572, to 19 April, 1583 , . . 5th. 23 November, 1584, to 14 September, 1585 6th. 15 October, 1586, to 23 March, 1587 . . 7th. 12 November, 1588, to 29 March, 1589 . 8th. 19 February, 1593, to 10 April, 1593 . . 9th. 24 October, 1597, to 9 February, 1598 . 10th. 27 October, 1601, to 19 December, 1601 . James. 1st. 19 March, 1604, to 9 February, 1611 . 2d. 5 April, 1614, to 7 Jime, 1614 . . . 3d. 30 January, 1621, to 8 February, 1622 4th. 12 February, 1624, to 27 March, 1625 . Charles. 1st. 2d. 3d. 4th. 5th. 17 May, 1625, to 12 August, 1625 . . 6 February, 1626, to 15 June, 1626 . 17 March, 1628, to 10 March, 1629 . , 13 April, 1640, to 5 May, 1640 . . 3 November, 1640, to 20 April, 1653 " The Long Parliament." New Style. Old Style. [1559] 1558-9. [1563-7] 1562-6. [1571] 1571. [1572-83] 1572-83. [1584-5] 1584-5. [1586-7] 1586. [1588-9] 1588-9. [1593] 1592-3. [1597-8] 1597. [1601] 1601, [1604-11] 1603-10 [1614] 1614. [1621-2] 1620-1. [1624-5] 1623-5. [1625] 1625. [1626] 1625-6. [1628-9] 1627-8. [1640] 1640. [1640-53] 1640-53. EXPLANATIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS. There was no fixed way for spelling many names at that time, and it is fre- quently impossible to give the correct spelling ; but I sometimes give several of the different modes. I have generally attempted to give the new style year, while the day of the month remains as I find it in the old records. I have the list of paid-up Adventurers as published by the Sandys Administration in 1620, and also a manuscript copy of this list as prepared at that time by the Smythe Party. These generally agree ; but whenever they differ, I have given the person the benefit of the doubt, and credited the largest amount. Where the orig- inal subscribers died before 1620, the payments must sometimes stand in the names of their heirs or assigns ; and when this is the case, the heirs, etc., cannot always be identified by me. As I have only fragments of the subscription list, I am frequently unable to give the amount subscribed. The figures, 1, 2, and o, immediately after a name, indicate that the person was an incorporator of the 1st, 2d, or 3d Virginia Charter. Sub. = subscribed, and is followed by the amount, whenever I have it. Pd. = paid, followed by amount, when known. £1 then = from $20 to $25 now. E. I. Co. = East India Company. Rus. Co. = Russia or Muscovy Company. S. I. or B. I. Co. = Somers Islands or Bermudas Company. N. W. P. Co. = North West Passage Company. N. Fid. Co. = Newfoundland Company. N. E. Co. = New England Company. Va. Co. = Virginia Company. M. C. for Va. = Member of His Majesty's Council for Virginia (34° to 4.5°). M. C. for Va. Co. = Member of His Majesties' Council for Virginia Company of London. M. P. ::= Member of Parliament. RICHARD SACK,.LLE Third Earl of Dnrsel BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES. Abbay, Thomas. I find no trace of him save in CCXLIV. and CCXLV. He was not a member of the Va. Co. Was sent to Virginia by the company in September, 1608. If he was living in England in 1612, he may have re- turned without proper consent. Abbot, George, 3. Sub. ; pd. £75. Son of Maurice Abbot, cloth worker of Guildford in Surrey, was born October 29, 1562 ; educated at the grammar school of (luildford ; entered Baliol College, 1578 ; B. A., 1582 ; M. A., 1585 : B. D., 1593 ; D. D., 1597, and the same year chosen Mas- ter of University College ; chaplain to Thomas Sackville, Lord Buckhurst ; made Dean of Winchester, March 6, 1600 ; Vice-chancellor of the Univer- sity of Oxford in 1600, in 1603, and in 1608 ; one of the first appointed translators of the New Testament in 1604 ; employed at the suggestion of George Hume, Earl of Dunbar, to negotiate a union between the churches of England and Scotland in 1608 ; wrote the Preface to Sir William Hart's " Examination, etc., of George Sprot " ; was appointed Dean of Gloces- ter, 1609 ; Bishop of Coventry and Lichfield, December 3, 1609 ; Bishop of London, February 12, 1610, and Archbishop of Canterbnrv, March 4, 1611. Member of the N." W. P. Co., 1612. He kept an eye on Zuniga when he was in England ; sat on Ralegh's trial, 1618 ; accidentally killed Lord Zouche's park-keeper July 24, 1621, for which he was tried by a commis- sion of bishops and other lords, acquit- ted, pardoned November 22, 1621. " He was accused of Puritanism, but the fiivor and good opinion of King James was never withdrawn from him. He attended the king on his death-bed, and placed the crown on the head of his successor." (Lodge.) As a result of his differences with Laud, he withdrew to Guildford in 1630 ; and afterwards to Croydon House, where he died August 4, 1633. His last words were, '* In te speravi ; non confundcbor in eterno." [In thee have 1 trusted ; I shall never be confounded.] He founded an hospital in his native town and endowed it richly, and his monument is still preserved in Guild- ford Church. " His religions views had led him to form a definite foreign policy, of which the one aim was to crush Spain and to be wary of France." (S. L. Lee.) Abbot, Morris, draper. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £50. Fifth son of Maurice Abbot of Guildford, in Sur- rey, and brother to George, Archbishop of Canterbury, and Robert, Bishop of Salisbury; was baptized at Trinity Church, Guildford, November 2, 1565. An incorporator of the E. I. Co. in 1600, and afterwards one of the direc- tors of that company. An incorporator and director of the N. W. P. Co. in 1612 ; on the commission " to treat with the Hollanders concerning differ- ences in the East Indies, and the fish- ery in Greenland," December 29, 1614 ; a member of the B. I. Co. in 1615 ; elected deputy governor of the Vj. I. Co., July 5, 1615, and again chosen to that office frequently there- after. He was added to His Majesty's Council for the Va. Co. about 1618. Again on the commission to treat with the Hollanders, January 8, 1619. He was recommended by King James to the Va. Co. as a fit person for their treasurer in 1620, and again in 1622 ; M. P. for Hull in 1621-22 ; was one of the farmers of the customs ; elected governor of the E. I. Co., March 23, 1624 ; M. P. for Hull, l(;24-25. On the commission for winding up the 812 ABBOT — ALBERT affairs of the Va. Co., July 15, 1624 ; was the first person liiiigbted by King Charles at Whitehall, April 12, 1625 ; M. P. for Hull in 1625, and for Lon- don in 1626 ; was long an alderman of London from Bridge Without, and after from Coleman Street ward ; sheriff of Loudon, 1627-28 ; M. P. for Hull, 1628-29 ; Lord Mayor of Lon- don, 1638. Died January 10, 1642. He was one of the leading men of atfairs in his day, yet Mr. Stith, in his "History of Virginia," says, "As to Mr. Abbot, little is known of him, only that he was a merchant, and may seem from some obscui'e circumstances to have been of kin to his grace, Dr. George Abbott, then Archbishop of Canterbury." He was a leading member of the Levant, Italian, French, Muscovy, East India, Northwest Passage, So- mers Islands, and A^rginia com- panies. The English merchant ser- vice was largely under his control, and he was a constant advancer of Eng- lish colonization and commerce. Sir Maurice Abbot married, first, Joan, daughter of George Austen, of Shal- ford, near Guildford, by whom he had five children. She died in the autumn of 1597, and he married, secondly, in the spring of 1598, Margaret, daugh- ter of Bartholomew Barnes, an alder- man of London. She died September 5, 1G30. Abdy, Anthony, clothworker, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. " A lineal de- scendant of the Yorkshire House, en- tered into commercial pursuits, estab- Jishing himself in London." As he was an apprentice to Nicholas Pearde, •clothworker, he must have been a member of that guild. He was the third son of Roger Abdy, citizen and merchant tailor of London, by his wife JVIarv, daughter of Richard White. Of the E. I. Co., 1609 ; of the B. I. Co., 1615 ; a director of the E. I. Co. from 1619; recommended by King James to the Va. Co. for treasurer in Mav. 1622 ; on the commission for the Va.^Co.'s affairs, July 15, 1624 ; sheriff of London, 1630 ; alderman of London from Bridge Without ward from De- cember, 1631 ; on the commission con- cerning tobacco, June 19, 1634. He died in September, 1640, and lies buried in St. Andrew Undershaft, Eald- gate ward, London. By his wife Abi- gail, daughter of Sir Thomas Camp- bell, he had three sons, all of whom were created baronets. Abergavenny, Lord. — Henry Ne- ville. Abot, Jeffra. Arrived in Virginia in January, 1608 ; he was executed by Sir Thomas Gates for mutiny in 1612. Acland, Sir John, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £12 10s. Of Columb- John in Broad Clyst, Devon ; M. P. for Saltash, 1586-87 ; knighted at the Tower, March 14, 1604 ; M. P. for Devon, 1607-11. Died in 1613 ; a benefactor of Exeter College, Oxford. Acquaviva, Rev. Father Claude. Born at Atri, September 14, 1543 ; entered Society of Jesus, 1567 ; Gen- eral of the Jesuits, 1581. Died Jan- uary 31, 1615. Acufia. See Gondomar. Adams, Captain. Made a voyage to Virginia, June to November, l609 ; a second voyage, April to September, 1610 ; a third, December, 1610, to July, 1611 ; a fourth, December, 1612, to July, 1613 ; and a fifth, October, 1613, to April, 1614. We ought to know more of him than we do, as he made so manj' of the early voyages. He was evidently a noted and well- known seaman in his own day, and this fact makes it the more difficult to identify him, as he is always spoken of simply as " Captain Adams ; " his first name is not given in the Virginia records. It is probable, however, that he is the Captain Robert Adams ^vho entered tlie service of the E. I. Co. in 1616, and made several voyages to the East Indies. Adams, Mr. Thomas, stationer ; pd. £10. Son of Thomas Adams, yeoman, of Neen Savage, Shropshire ; first apprenticed to Oliver Wilkes, stationer, on September 29, 1582, for seven years, and turned over to George Bishop on October 14, 1583, for the same period ; admitted a freeman of the Stationers' Company October 15, 1.590, and came upon the livery July 1, 1598 ; younger warden in 1611 ; became warden in 1614, and died about 1620. A benefactor to his com- pany. Albert, Archduke. See Arch- duke. ALD WORTH — ANNE OF DENMARK 813 Aldworth, Thomas, merchant of Bristol. Interested in Frobisher's voyages, 1576—78 ; mayor of Bristol in 1583. He was still living in Octo- ber, 1593, when he gave Charles Lord Howard information regarding a " Carvell," called " The Tobacco Pipe." Alexander VI. (Borgia.) Pope, August 11, 14y_', to August, 1503. Alexander, Sir William. Of Menstiio ; a celebrated poet ; had a grant of Nova Scotia, September 10, 1621 ; cliarter of the Lordship of Canada in America, February 2, 1628 ; Viscount Stirling, September 4, 1630 ; Earl of Stirling, Viscount Canada, and Lord Alexander of TuUibodv, June 14, 1033. Died in 1640. (See the " House of Alexander." by C. Rogers, LL. D.) Aliffe, Ayliffe, Ayloffe, Sir Wil- liam, 3. Sub. ; pd. £.50. Of Braxsted, Essex ; knighted at Char- terhouse, May 11, 1603 ; created a baronet, November 25, 1612 ; M. P. Stockbridge, 1621-22. Title extinct. Allde, Edward, stationer. Son of John Allde (" who was the first per- son on the registers to take up the freedom of the Stationers' Company, when in January, 1555, he paid the modest sum of 6s. 8d. for the custom- ary breakfast to the brotherhood." H. R. Tedder) ; made free of the Compiiny of Stationers by patrimony, February 18, 158 | ; chosen to go to " my lord Maiour's dynner," in 1611. Probably died in 1634. Allen, Alleine, AUeyne, Ed- mund, gent., 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £25. Of Hatfield, Peverill, Essex. Died in 1016. Allen, Edward, fislimonger, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £100. Also of East India and Northwest Passage companies. He contributed £62 10s. to the first voyages, and afterwards subscribed and paid £37 10s. more ; elected sheriff of London, July 3, 1020 ; chosen alderman of Bread- street ward, November 7, 1620. Died in 1626. Allen, John, fishmonger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Allen, Thomas, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Probably three of the name were members of the Grocers' Company at this time. One was sworn to fi-eedom in 1589 ; an- other in 1592, and a third in 1596. Allington, Giles, gent., 3. Sub. ; pd. £2.j. Second son of Sir Giles Allington, by his wife Dorothy, daughter of Thomas Cecil, first Earl of Exeter. His elder brother died young, and Giles became his father's heir, and it is said, " was soon after knighted." " The prospects of this gentleman," says Lodge, in his " Life of Sir Julius Cjesar," " were clouded, and his revenues embarrassed, by an unfortunate marriage. . . . April 14, 1631, he was censured and fined in the Star Chamber Court £32,000, only for marrying the daughter of his sister by the half blood. . . . William, his only son, was on July 28, 1642, . . . cre- ated Baron Allington, of Killard, in Ireland." Sir Giles Allington is men- tioned in the Fifth Report of Hist. MS. Com., as being alive in 1640 ; but the date of his death is not known to me. His marriage caused much of his family history to be excluded from the official pedigrees of the family, and therefore the data regarding him is meagre ; but I believe this identi- fication to be correct. However, this may be the Lieutenant Giles Allington who patented lands in Virginia in 1624. Amidas, Philip. Said to have been born at Hull, England, in 1.550. Probably related to the Hawkins fam- ily. (See pedigree.) Owned lands in, and I think it probable that he was from, Cornwall. " Some time after 1586 lie had charge of an expe- dition to Newfoundland." Early in 1609 a warrant was granted to John Shelbury for certain lands in Corn- wall, purchased by Sir Walter Ra- legh from Philip Amidas, and by Ralegh's attainder devolved to the crown. Amidas, or Amadas, died in 1618. Andrews, John, the elder, Doctor of Cambridge, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Andrews, John, the younger, of Cambridge, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Andrews, Nicholas, " citizen and Salter," 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £62 10s. Afterwards of Little Lever, County Lancaster ; married Heth, daughter of Thomas Lever, esquire. Tiieir son, John Andrews, was a cap- tain in Cromwell's army. Anne of Denmark. — Anne Stuart. 814 ANTHONY — ARG ALL Anthony, Charles, goldsmith, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £137 10s. Also of N. W. P. Co. Second son of De- rick Anthony, '• chief graver of the mynt and seales to King Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth," by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Richard Erley. He was the engraver for King James, Prince Henry, for the Mint, etc. He engraved the stamps for the East India moneys, and I am quite sure, engraved the seals for the Virginia companies. The celebrated Dr. Francis Anthony (loo0-1623), who joined the Va. Co. in May, 1617, was, I believe, his elder brother. His sister Elizabeth married Richard Yardley, of London, fishmonger. Apsley, Sir Allen. Born about 1569 ; at Cadiz, 1596 ; knighted at Dublin, June 5, 1605 ; victualer to the navy about 1610 ; Lieutenant of the Tower, March 3, 1617 ; Member of the Council for New England in 1620. Died May 24, 1630. Aquila, Don Juan de. Com- mander of the Spaniards at Kinsale, Ireland, 1601. Archduke, The. Albert, Arch- duke of Austria, Cardinal and Arch- bishop of Toledo ; born 1559 ; sov- ereign of the Netherlands, May 6, 1598. Died July 13, 1621. Archer (see Aucher), Captain Gabriel, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Of Mountnessing, Essex ; admitted to Gray's Inn as a student, March 15, 1593 ; but does not seem to have been called to the Bar. Recorder of Gos- nold's voyage to our New England coast, 1602 ; first secretary or re- corder of the first Colony of Virginia, where he died in the memorable win- ter of 1609-10. As his brother John was afterwards admitted into the Va. Co., and given a share of land in Vir- ginia as liis heir, it seems evident tliat Captain Gabriel left no children. Archer's Hope, on James River, was named for him, and he has the honor of having been much abused by Cap- tain John Smith. He gave his life to the enterprise, and no one could do more. He was one of the first law- yers in Virginia. Argall Pedigree. Thomas ^ Ar- gall, of St. Faith-the- Virgin, London, esquire, to whom the Manor of Walthamstow (see Robert Thome) was granted in 1553, was an officer of court in 1559. He died in 1563. By his wife Margaret, daughter of John Tallakarne, of Cornwall (who remarried in June, 1564, Sir Giles Al- lington, of Horseheath, Cambridge- shire), he had five sons and one daughter, namely : Richard - (see here- after), Lawrence,^ John,^ Rowland,^ Gaberell,^ and Anue.*^ Anne ^ Argall married, first, Thomas Sisley, of Essex ; second- ly, Augustine Steward, of London, esquire. Richard ^ Argall, the eldest son, of East Sutton in County Kent, esquire, married twice ; the name of his first wife is not known to me. His second wife was Mary, daughter of Sir Reginald Scott (see Scott pedigree). He died in 1588, leav- ing five sons and six daughters liv- ing, by his second wife, namely : — i. Thomas ^ Argall, who, with his brother Reginald,''^ were the wit- nesses to the challenge sent by Sir John Scott to Lord Willoughby, in April, 1590 ; which Thomas died in 1605, s. p. ii. Reginald ^ Argall, of Lincoln's Inn, Middlesex, gent., married in 1599 Anne, widow of William Rowe (uncle to Sir Thomas Roe), of Walthamstow, County Essex, esquire, and daughter of John Cheney, esquire, of Chesham Boys in Buckinghamshire. This Regi- nald ^ was knighted at Hampton Court, August 17, 1606, and died prior to 1612, s. p. iii. John ^ Argall, of Colchester. iv. Richard ^ Argall. (L take this to be the person of the name " noted in the reign of James I. for an excellent divine poet.") v. Samuel ^ Argall. i. Elizabeth ^ Argall married Sir Edward Filmore, of East Sutton in Kent, knight. ii. Margarett ^ Argall married Edmond Randolfe, of Aylesford in Kent, esquire. iii. Mary ^ Argall married Ray- nold Kempe, of Wye in Kent, esquire. iv. Catherine ^ Argall married Randolfe Bathurst, of Horton in Kent, esquire. V. Jane ^ Argall married Paul ARGALL 815 -I Flettewood, of Roshall in Lanca- shire, esquire. vi. Sara * Argall, sixth daughter. After tlie death of Richard - Ar- gall in 1588, his widow (Sii- Samuel Argall's mother) married Laurence Washington, of Maidstone, Kent, esquire (liis second wife), and died in IGOj. Mr. Washington, who survived her, dving in lOlD, was I'egister of tlie Iligli Court of Chan- cery, lie was the great uncle of the Rev. Laurence Washington, whose sou John was the emigrant ancestor of " the Father of his country." The following monumental inscrip- tions from East Sutton Church are illustrative of the foregoing pedigree. " Richard Argall of East Sutton in the County of Kent Esq., deceased anno Dm"', 1.588, leaving 5 sons and 6 daughters living. Mary his second wife one of the daughters of Sir Regi- nald Scott of Scot's Hall, married the second time to Laurence Washington Esq., died in anno 16Q5. Thomas Ar- gall eldest son of the said Richard and Mary, died in anno 1605, whose souls," etc. " Under this rest, in certain hope of the resurrection of the bodies. Sir Ed- ward Fihner and Dame Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Richard Argall Esq. They lived together 44 years and had issue 18 children 9 sons and 9 daughters. He departed this life 2. Nov. 1629. She the 9. Aug' 1638." Their eldest son. Sir Robert Fil- mer, was a strong royalist, and a po- litical writer of some note. Argall, Johu. esquire. Of Col- chester, Essex. (See pedigree.) He was interested in Virginia prior to 1617 ; held four shares in Captain Argall's plantation ; was M. C. for N. E., November .'J, 1620. He married Sara, daughter of the celebrated schol- ar, Edward Grant, D. D., master of Westminster School. At the visita- tion of 1634 he had four sons and two daughters, was living at Much Bad- do w, in Essex, and was one of the jus- tices of the peace for the county. Argall, Captain Samuel. (See pedigree.) Was probably born about 1580-85. He was a young man in 1609 ; but, as he was selected to dis- cover a shorter way to Virginia, he must have been re":arded as a mariner of experience and ability, and I sup- pose that he had been to America be- fore. He left England May 5, and returned late in October, 1609, hav- ing made the discovery of a direct way ; thus proving that the reliance in his ability was not misplaced ; con- ducted Lord de la Warr to Virginia, March, 1610 ; made a voyage to our New England coast ; surveyed the coast from Cape Cod to Virginia, June 19 to September, 1610 (CXLL) (the beginning of the fishing voyages sent to the northward from Virginia every summer). Explored the Chesa- peake Bay and the waters thereof during the autumn and winter, and sailed from Virginia with Lord de la Warr March 28, reaching England in June, 1611. The Grace of God, with Father Biard on board, on the way to Port Royal in New France, was at New- port, Isle of Wight, in Februarv, 1611. (CLXVIII.) Louis XIII. of "^ France granted to Madame de Guercheville, the Protectress of the Jesuit Missions, all the territory of North America from the St. Lawrence to Florida, and she was sending her missionaries to this region. The account of the Spaniards in Virginia reached Eng- land late in October, 1611. Argall sailed from England, July 23, 1612, on the Treasurer, a well equipped vessel, with a commission to remain in Virginia, and to drive out foreign in- truders from the country granted to Englishmen, by the three patents of James 1. He was employed in the various waters of Virginia from September, 1612, to June, 1613. (CCLXXV.) Soon after June 28, 1613, he sailed from Virginia on " his Jishing voyage, which I beseech God of his mercy to blesse us," in a well- armed P^nglish man-of-war ; destroyed the colony of the Jesuits on Mount Desert, within the bounds of Virginia ; returned to Jamestown late in July, or early in August, and was sent back by Gates in about thirty days, with orders to destroy the buildings and fortifications at ^Nlount Desert, St. Croix, and Port Royal, which he did, and got back to Jamestown about the first of December, 1613. He is said to have visited, while on this voyage, the Dutch settlement on the Hudson, 816 ARGALL — ARUNDELL and to have compelled the governor, Heudrick Christiansen, to submit to the crown of Great Britain. New England was reserved for the English by Argall's decisive action. The Bay of Fundy was sometime known as Ar- gall's Bay. He was variously em- ployed in Virginia from December, 1613, to June 18, 1614, when he sailed for England, arriving there in July. In November, 1614, he proposed to enter the service of the E. I. Co., but was retained by the Va. Co., and again sent to Virginia in February, 1615 ; returning with Dale in May, 1616. Early in 1617 he was appointed deputy governor and admiral of Vir- ginia, and soon after granted patents for a plantation. [See Sir William Lovelace.] Sailed for Virginia about the last of March, 1617, and returned to England in May, 1619. Certain charges were brought against him in August, 1618, and some time after this he was " vehemently complayned against by Padre Maestro and San- chez [see Gondomar] for piracy com- mitted by the Treasurer on the King of Spain's subjects in the West Indies." On his return from Virginia in May, 1619, he answered these charges satis- factorily to some of the officers of the company ; but not so to others. From October, 1620, to the summer of 1621, he commanded the Golden Phenix, in the fleet under Sir Robert Mausell, in the Mediterranean Sea. About 1621 he proposed a settlement in that part of America called New Netherlands ; a member of His Majesty's Council for New England, probably before May, 1622. In the distribution of " the land of New England by lotts. Cape Cod, and into the Maine," fell to his lot ; knighted at Rochester, June 26, 1622 ; voted to surrender the Virginia char- ter, October 20, 1623. In April, 1624, he was proposed for governor of Vir- ginia, but was defeated by Sir Francis Wyatt ; one of the commissioners for the Va. Co., July 15, 1624 ; on Sep- tember 6, 1625, he sailed from Plym- outh as admiral of twenty-four Eng- lish and four Dutch ships ; and during the cruise took seven vessels, valued at £100,000 ; October to December, 1625, he commanded the flagship dur- ing the attack on Cadiz. In 1633, Anne, daughter of Sir Samuel Argall, of Walthamstow in County Essex, was the wife of Alex- ander Boiling of London, scrivener, a grandson of Thomas Boiling, of Boiling Hall in Yorkshire. From the Visitation of London it seems that Sir Samuel was then alive ; and he probably died that year, as Strype says he was a benefactor of " The Trinity House, London," in 1633. However, he certainly died before June, 1641. His daugliter Anne (widow of Boiling, who died in March, 1641), and her second husband, Sam- uel Perce vail, on June 25, 1641, peti- tioned the House of Commons, com- plaining that they had been defrauded by John Woodhall of property in Vir- ginia, left to petitioner Anne by her late father. Sir Samuel Argall, some- time governor of Virginia, etc. Arundell, John, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £25. " Jack for the King," grandson of Henry VIII. 's "Jack of Tilbury," and son of John Arundell, of Trerice. Born in 1576 ; M. P. for St. Michaels, 1597-98 ; for Cornwall, 1601, 1621-22 ; for St. Mawes, 1624-25 ; for Tregony, 1628- 29, and 1640 ; appointed governor of Pendennis Castle about 1643. Clar- endon tells the story of its five mouths' siege in 1646, and the gallant defense of old Sir John. The fall of Pen- dennis and the defeat of the king ruined his estates. He died between 1654 and 1656, and was buried at Duloe in Cornwall. Arundell. The Lord of Wardour. Of N. W. P. Co. Sir Thomas Arun- dell of Wardour (1560-1640) was the sou and heir of old Sir Matthew Arundell (on whose fringed cloak it once pleased Queen Elizabeth to spit), and the grandson of Sir John Arun- dell, the friend of Father Cornelius. Elizabeth gave him an autograph Latin letter, said to be still preserved at Wardour Castle, recommending him to the service of the Emperor Rudolph II. as a brave knight and her kinsman. Serving witli distinction as a volunteer in the imperial army in ARUNDELL — ASHLEY 817 Hungary, he took the standard of the Turks with his own hand, in an en- gagement at Gran or Estcrgom ; for which heroic achievement he was cre- ated by Rudolph II. a count of the Sacred Roman Empire. The patent of creation is dated at Prague, Decem- ber 14, 1595. " Mareli 13, 1596, Eliza- beth wrote to Rudolph II., complain- ing of his having created Thomas Arundel a count of the Empire, and she has forbidden him to use the title." " She liked not for her sheep to wear a stranger's mark, nor to dance after a foreigner's whistle." " Augt. 15, 159G. Tlie Emperor replies that he is surprised at the Queen's displeasure at his creating Thomas Arundel a count, and requests her to restore him to favor." In March, 1605, his brother-in-law, Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southamp- ton, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, himself, and others sent out the expedition un- der Captain George Waymouth. Cre- ated Baron Arundell of Wardour, May 4, 1605. In the summer of 1605 he was levying a body of men in Eng- land for the service of the Archduke Albert, a younger brother of his old friend Rudolph II. Catesby, the gun- powder conspirator, " contrived that several of the officers should be ap- pointed from amongst his friends, and entered into an understanding with them that they should be ready to re- turn to England whenever the Cath- olic cause required their assistance." " After the discovery of the Gunpow- der Plot, all chance of a close alliance between England and Spain was for the present at an end. Tlie knowledge that the English troops [under Arun- dell] in the service of the archduke had been intended by the conspirators to coiiperate with them by invading England, induced James to refuse to allow any further levies to be made," (Gardiner's "Hist, of England.") Lord Arundell married, first. Lady Maria Wriothesley, sister of Henry, Earl of Southampton. She is known as "our sweet Lady Arundell." He married, secondly, Anne, daughter of Miles Phillipson, Esq., and liis daugh- ter Anne (by the second marriage) married Cecil Calvert, second Baron Baltimore, the founder of Maryland. Bishop Goodman says " the first Lord Baltimore was converted to the Church of Rome by Gondomar and Count Arundel." Lord Arundell died in 1639-40. Aruudell, Earl of. — Tiiomas How- ard. Ashcroft, Richard, merchant. Sub. ; pd. i;25. A friend of Dr. Poe, he was admitted into the E. I. Co. February 26, 1614. On the special commission concerning tobacco, April 7, 1620. Ashley, Sir Anthonj'', 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £62 10s. Son of An- thony Ashley, of Damerham in the county of Wilts, by his wife Dorothy, daughter of John Lyte, of Lytcs Carey in Somersetshire, born about 1551 ; entered the public services, it seems, about 1572-73, and became clerk of the council. He is said to have been " highly distinguished by tiie favor of Queen Elizabeth." In 1584 Lucas Janz Waghenaer published at Leyden in Holland the first known collection of sea charts for sailors. In 1585 Lord Charles Howard drew the atten- tion of the Privy Council to the work, and they " esteemed it worthy to be translated and printed into a language familiar to all nations." The task was given to Anthony Ashley, and his translation appeared in 1588 as " The Mariner's Mirrour." I think it high- ly probable that he was aided in this translation by his brother, Robert Ashley (1565-1641), who was a trans- lator of note. Anthony Ashley was M. P. for Tavistock, November 12, 1588, to March 29, 1589. In 1589 he served in the Norris-Drake expedition. M. A., Oxford, September 27, 1592. 1596, secretary for war in the famous voy- age to Cadiz, where he was knighted, and brought over the first account of the capture of Cadiz to her majesty. He had been pensioned by Queen Eliza- beth, and in 1605 King James also pen- sioned him " in consideration of 33 Years services." Created a baronet, July 3, 1622. Died January 13, 1628, and was buried at Wimborne, St. Giles, Dorset. He married twice ; first, Jane, relict of Tliomas Cokaine, Esq., and daughter of Pliilip Okeover, Esq., by whom his only child, Anne Ashley, who married Sir .John Cooper and be- came the mother of Sir Anthony Ash- 818 ASHLEY— AUCHER ley Cooper, Earl of Shaftesbury, the celebrated statesman, a lord proprietor of Carolina, and one of the first gov- ernors of the Hudson Bay Company. Sir Anthony Ashley married, sec- ondly, in 1621-22 Philippa Sheldon (aired 19), a kinswoman to George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham. She married, secondly, Carew, only surviv- ing son of Sir Walter Ralegh. Ashley, Captain John, 5. Sub. ; pd. . Probably the Captain Ashley who was at the taking of Saint Vincent and Puerto Bello near Pan- ama, February 7, 1G02. AskeAv — Ascough — Ayscough, James, 2. Sub. £37 10s ; paid £37 10s. Married a daughter of Roger Clarke, alderman of London ; was ad- mitted into the E. I. Co. in 1609. Askwith, Robert, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Alderman of York. Lord Mayor of York in 1617. Knighted at York, April 13, 1617. M. P. for York, 1576-83, 1604-11, 1614, and 1621-22. Aspley, William, stationer. He dealt largely in plays, Shakespeare's, and others. Died August 18, 1640. Asten — Aston — Austin, Am- brose. Paid £12 10s. Transferred his share in Virginia to Dr. Anthony, July 18, 1620. Aston — Ashton, Sir Roger, 2. Pd. £10. A servant to King James, to his father, and grandfa- ther ; for many years the messenger between Queen Elizabeth and King James. From 1587 he was gentleman of the bed-chamber to the king, the letters patent for which office were in- closed with him in his tomb. " He was dispatched to London after the queen's death to concert measures with the council for the reception of King James, and being asked by the lords how he did, replied, ' Even, my Lords, like a poor man who, hav- ing wandered above forty years in a wilderness and barren soil, is now arrived at the land of promise.' " Knighted at Grimston, April 18, 1603; made master of the great wardrobe in 1608 ; M. P. for Clieshire in 1010- 11 ; died May 23, 1612. His first wife, Mary, daughter of Andrew Stew- art, master of ()c]iiltrce, was related to King James. Slie died in 1606. His second wife was Cordelia, daugh- ter of Sir John Stanhope. His daugh- ter Elizabeth married Sir Robert Wingfield, who was a member of the Va. Co. in 1619. Aston — Ashton, Sir Walter, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Grandson of Sir Thomas Lucy, " Justice Shallow." Of Texall, Stafford ; born July 9, 1584. His father died in 1597, and he was placed under the wardship of Sir Ed- ward Coke. Created a bai'onet, 1611 ; ambassador to Spain, 1620-25 ; created Lord Aston of Forfar in the Scottish peerage, November 28, 1627 ; ambas- sador to Spain, 1635-38 ; died August 13, 1639. (His cousin, Walter Aston, came to Virginia in 1628, and died there in 1656. His tomb is at West- over.) Atkinson, Richard, clerk of Va. Co. in 1609. Son of Richard Atkin- son, descended out of the North of England. His mother married, sec- ondly, William Towersou, of London, merchant. He was for a long time cashier of the E. I. Co. Atkinson, William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. "Counsellor of the Lawe dwelling sometime in ffoster lane London " ; great uncle of the above Richard. He was especially instrumental in arresting and pro- secuting Papists, recusants, etc. Aucher — Archer, Anthony, es- quire, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Sir Anthony Aucher, knight, of Otterden, temp. Henry VIII. , had issue four sons, among whom John of Otterden (whose daughter married Sir Hum- phrey Gilbert), and Edward, who mar- ried Mabel, daughter of Sir Thomas Wrothe, and hafi Anthony (of whom I write), and Elizabeth who married Sir William Lovelace. Anthony Aucher, Esq., of Bishopsbourne, married two wives, but had issue only by the second, Margaret, daughter of Edwin Sandys, Archbishop of York (see pedigree). He died January 13, 1609-10, and was succeeded by his son (next). Aucher — Archer, Sir Anthony, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Son of preceding ; knighted at Chatham, July 4, 1604 ; sheriff of Kent, 1614 ; M. C. for Va. Co. ; of the S. I. Co., 1615 ; interested in Argall's plantation, and was allowed a bill of adventure of £50 for sending four persons to Virginia at his own charge, February 12, 1617 ; AUSTEN — BACON 819 sent Carleton " a relation from Guiana by a worthy friend," February 23, 1618 ; married Hester, daugliter of Peter Collet, Esq.; buried at Bourne, July 24, 1G37. His son, Sir An- thony Aucher, was created a baronet, July 4, IGOG. (This name was also spelled Ager and Auger.) Austen. See Asten. Avila. See Zufiiga. Aylmer, John, Bishop of London. Of Aylmer Hall, Norfolk. Domestic chaplain to Henry Grey, Marquis of Dorset, father of Lady Jane Grey to whom he was also tutor. During Queen Mary's reign he resided at Strasburg, and afterwards at Zurich, where he assisted Fox in his compila- tion of his "Book of Martyrs." On the accession of Elizabeth he returned to England. He died June 3, 1594, and was buried in St. Paul's. Ayloffe. See Aliffe. Bache, George, fishmonger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Bacon, Sir Francis, 2. Sub. ; pd. . " The younger of the two sons of Sir Nicholas Bacon, Keeper of the Great Seal under Queen Eliza- beth, by his second wife, Anne, second daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke, of Gideon Hall in Essex, and sister to the wife of the Lord Treasurer Burghley. Was born at York House, in the Strand, London, January 22, 15G1. In April, 1573, he entered Trinity College, Cam- bridge, and was educated there under the care of Whitgift, afterwards pri- mate. March, 1575, left college ; while there he is said to have entered his protest against the philosophy of Aristotle. In June, 1-575, he was ad- mitted to Gray's Inn, and became ancient there November 21, 1576. Soon after was attached to the em- bassy of Sir Amias Paulet to France, and lived in the house with that min- ister during his embassy, on the af- fairs of which, he was at least once dispatched to communicate person- ally with the queen. His father died while he was abroad, February 20, 1579, " leaving him but a small for- tune." While in France he wrote his discourse on "The State of Europe." His father's death compelled him to return to Entrland and engafife in some profitable occupation. He solicited his uncle. Lord Burghley, to procure for him such a provision from govern- ment as might allow him to devote his time to literature and philosophy; but " he, who desired to live only in order to study," was even now " forced to study how to live." " He devoted himself to the study of the law, and on June 27, 1582, was admitted utter barrister." November 23, 1584, to September 14, 1585, M. P. for Mel- combe Regis. Wrote his " Letter of Advice to Queen Elizabeth " in 1584- 85. " In 1586 he became a bencher of Gray's Inn, and in the parliament, 15th October, 1586, to 23 March, 1587, he sat for Taunton." Lent reader of Gray's Inn, 1588. He was one of those who aided T. Hughes in the composi- tion of "Certaine Devises and shewes presented to her Maiestie at her High- nesse Court in Greene wich, the 28"" day of Februarie in the thirtieth yeare of her Maiesties most happy Raigue." M. P. for Liverpool, November 12, 1588, to March 29, 1589. In 1590, queen's counsel extraordinary ; about 1591 became acquainted with Essex. M. P. for Middlesex, February 19 to April 10, 1593, and incurred Eliza- beth's displeasure by speaking on tlie side of the people. " Elizabeth dis- missed this parliament in person, on the 10th of April, 1593, in a speech which the boldest man of the Plan- tagenet Hue of monarchs would scarce- ly have ventured to utter." On Jan- uary 25, 1594, Bacon held his first brief. M. A., Cambridge, July 27, 1594. He failed to obtain the attor- ney-generalship in 1594, and the soli- citor-generalship in 1595. On the 17th November, 1595, Twickenham Park was leased to Francis Bacon, Esq., and John Hibbard for twenty- one years. This lease is said to have been a present from the Earl of Essex. In May, 1596, Essex recom- mended him for the mastership of the rolls, without success ; and in the spring of 1597 Essex aided him in vain in pressing his suit with Lady Hatton (the widow of Sir William Newport, and afterwords wife of Chief Justice Coke). The first edition of his Essays was dedicated to his brother Anthony, "30 Jan'y, 1597." In 1597 he was returned by both South- 820 BACON ampton and Ipswich as an M. P., — I have been unable to gather for certain for which borough he elected to sit, — October 24, 1597, to February 9, 159 1 ; arrested for debt September 23, 1598. He was duplex reader of Gray's Inn in 1600. The Essex troubles, 1599- 1601 ; Bacon conducted the prosecu- tion of Essex, February, 1601. M. P. for Ipswich, October 27 to December 19, 1601 ; knighted by James I., July 23, 1603 ; appointed king's counsel August 25, 1604 ; M. P. for Ipswich, March 19, 1604, to February 9, 1611 ; May 10, 1606, married Alice, daugh- ter of Benedict Barnham, late alder- man and sheriff of London ; was actively employed in the various con- troversies of the time regarding the Spaniards, the Papists, the Puritans, the Union with Scotland, etc. Feb- ruary 17, 160f, replying to Nicholas Fuller, in the debate in Parliament on the Union with Scotland, he denied that the Scots would overrun Eng- land ; " but if the land was too little, the sea was open. Commerce would give support to thousands. Ireland was waiting for colonists to till it, and the solitude of Virginia was cry- ing aloud for inhabitants." (Gar- diner's " History of England.") He was appointed solicitor-general, June 25, 1607 ; register of Star Chamber, July, 1608 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609. " He looked upon the Virginian Col- ony as upon the romantic achieve- ments of Amadis de Gaul ; while he compared the settlement of Ireland by the English with the deeds related in Csesar's Commentaries." An in- corporator of the Newfoundland Com- pany, May 2, 1610 ; joint judge of Knight Marshal's Court, 1611 ; an incorporator of the N. W. P. Co., July 26, 1612. While Salisbury lived he continued to fawn on him with high-flown com- pliment ; after he was dead he wrote his essay " On Deformity." Cham- berlain wrote to Carleton, December 17, 1612 : " Sir Francis Bacon hath set out new essays, where in a Chapter of Deformity/, the world takes notice that he j>aiiits out his little cousin to the life." He was " the chief con- triver of the Mas(juc of Grayes Iniie and the Inner Temple," played before the King, the Queen, the Prince Count Palatine and the Lady Elizabeth, at Whitehall, in February, 1613. Was appointed attorney-general October 27, 1613. His celebrated masque, in honor of the marriage of Lord Rochester with the divorced Countess of Essex, was performed January 6, 1614. M. P. for Cambridge University, April 5 to June 7, 1614. On April 19, 1615, he gave the hand of his niece, Mrs. Anne (Wodehouse) Hungate, at the nuptial ceremony to Sir Julius Csesar (his third wife). Made a privy coun- cilor, June 9, 1616. Prosecuted Som- erset, 1616. Lord keeper of the great seal, March 7, 1617. Prepared in- structions for Sir John Digby regard- ing the projected Spanish match in March, 1617. Strickland says : " Sir Francis Bacon was the person who governed England in the king's ab- sence " in Scotland, May to Septem- ber, 1617. On May 7, 1617, he rode from Gray's Inn to Westminster, to open the courts in state, in most regal style. Bacon's rise kept pace with Coke's decline. He became lord chan- cellor, January 4, and was created Lord Verulam, .July 12, 1618. Prosecuted Ralegh in 1618. In this year Captain John Smith vainly sought his patronage in a long letter still preserved among the Colonial State Papers in England, and William Strachey presented him with a MS. copy of his " Historic of Travaile into Virginia Britannia," writ- ten in 1612 ; but with alterations in the text to make it correspond with the year 1618. In his letter of pres- entation Strachey says : " Your Lord- ship ever approving yourself a most noble factor of the Virginian Planta- tion, being from the beginning (with other lords and earles) of the princi- pall counsell applyed to propogate and guide it." On February 27, 1618, Sir Thomas Smythe, the governor of the E. I. Co., presented his name for mem- bership, and on March 18 next he was admitted a free brother of the E. I. Co. gratis. He prosecuted Suffolk in 1619, and Yelverton in 1620. The year 1621 was a most notable one in the life of Lord Bacon. He celebrated his sixtieth birthday in great style at York House on January 22, when his friend Ben .Jonson read a poem in his honor containing these lines : — GEORGE SANDYS BACON 821 " Hail, happy genius of this ancient pile ! How comes it all things so about thee smile ? The file, the wine, the men, and in the midst Thou staud'st, as if some mystery thou didst. England's High Chancellor, the destined heir lu his soft cradle, to his father's chair ; Whose even thread the Kates spin round and full, Out of their choicest and their whitest wool." January 27 he was created Viscount St. Albans ; January 30 Pailianieut met ; February 3, Hacou, iu his speech referring to the " benefits, attributes, and acts of government of King James," says : " This Kingdom now first in his Majesty's times liath got- ten a lot or portion in the New World by the plantation of Virginia and the Summer Islands. And certainly it is with the Kingdoms on earth as it is in the Kingdom of heaven ; sometimes a grain of mustard-seed proves a great tree. Who can tell - " On March 14 a cloud appeared on the horizon, and from that day his fall began. During the rest of March and the month of April he was on trial, and as he expressed it, " in pur- gatory." On May 1 the Great Seal was taken from him, and two days after he was fined and imprisoned for a few days in the Tower. " Ban- ished from public life, he had now ample leisure to attend to his philo- sophical and literary pursuits." His severities were thought to prove, by accident, happy crosses. " Methinks they are resembled by those of Sir George Sommers, who being bound by his employment to another coast, was by tempest cast upon the Bar- inudas. And tlierefore a ship wrack'd man made full discovery of a new tem- perate fruitful Region, which none had before inhabited ; and which Mar- iners, who had only seen its rocks, had esteemed an inaccessible and en- chanted place." The Rev. Joseph Mead wrote from Christ College, April 6, 1622, to Sir Martin Stuteviile : " My Lord Veru- lam's History of Henry VII. is come forth. I have not read much of it, but they say it is a very pretty book who have read it. The price is six shillings." Tlie projected Spanish match failed ; the Spaniards requiring among other things that '' James I. should sur- render, unto the King of Spain, Vir- ginia and the B;jrmudas, and altogether quit the West Indies;" and the same year (1622) Bacon wrote " An Adver- tisement touching an Holy War, with Questions about the lawfulness of a War for the proj)agation of Religion; " in 1624 he published his " Consider- ations touching a War with Spain," inscribed to Prince Charles. King James declared war on Spain, March 10, 1624. Lord Bacon died in the Earl of Arundell's House at Highgate, April 9, 1626, expiring in the arms of Sir Julius CcBsar, who liad married his niece, and was buried in St. Michael's Church, St. Albans. "That glorious and melancholy instance of the extent of human wisdom and weakness, the Philosopher Bacon, found, after his disgrace, an asylum in the bosoms of his nephew aud niece; composed many of his immortal works in an utter re- tirement in the house of Sir Julius Caisar ; became a dependent upon his beneficence for a becoming support, and expired in his arms." (Lodge's " Life of Sir Julius Ctesar.") The first wife of Sir Julius C.'esar was a sister of Captain John Martin of Brandon on the James iu Virginia, and while Bacon was living with, Mar- tin corresponded with. Sir Julius. In Bacon's Advice to Sir George Villiers, in the article of " Colonies, or foreign Plantations," and also, in his essay " Of Plantations," we find some of the same sentiments which had been expressed in the Broadsides of the Council for Virginia. He may have taken these ideas from those Broad- sides, or he may have been one of tlie original authors of them, as he was a member of that Council. Some of the sentiments of the essay obtained in the Virginia Council as early as 1609 ; but the reference to the tobacco trouble in Virginia indicates that it was not completed as published until after 1622. It was probably written or rewritten especially for his en- larged edition of Essays published in 1625. His reference to merchants indicates that he was friendly to the Sandys faction of the Va. Co., and his statement, that "it is the sinful- lest thing in the world to forsake or destitute a plantation once iri forward- ness," was probably a rap at Ralegh. May not Bacon have aided Shake- 822 BACON — BAMFIELD speare in compiling some of his plays ? It was the custom of the time for sev- eral writers (taking different series of characters, I suppose) to engage on the same play, and Bacon always had a fancy for such things. Lord Bacon was first cousin to Sir James Bacon, of Friston Hall, the an- cestor of Colonel Nathaniel Bacon of the Virginia Council, of Nathaniel Bacon, the first Virginia rebel, and of Martha Bacon, from whom the pres- ent (1890) President of the United States doubly descends. Badger, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. BafSn, Williani, pilot of the Pa- tience in Hall's voyage to Green- land, April to September, 1G12 ; chief pilot of the celebrated expedition of Capt. Benjamin Joseph to Spitzber- gen, April to September, 1G13 ; went the next year on the same voyage ; but with Master Thomas Sherwin and Robert Fotherbie went out on a dis- covery, also, April to October, 1614. (This Robert Fotherbie, I suppose, was related to Henry Fotherbie, some- time secretary of the Virginia Com- pany, and afterwards, possibly clerk of the New England Company. Robert Fotherbie made a voyage to the Northeast himself. May to Sep- tember, 1615, and was afterwards in the emplo}- of the E. I. Co. at Dept- ford from October, 1615, to 16i:l.) Baffin was the pilot of Byleth's voyage to the Northwest, March to September, 1615, and again, March to August, 1616. He was master's mate on a voyage to the East Indies, March 5,^617, to September, 1619; master on a second voyage to the East Indies from early in 1620 to January 23, 1622, on which day he was killed " whilst taking the angles of the Castle Wall" at the siege of Kishm in the Persian Gulf. " He was one of the first to endeavor to deter- mine longitude at sea by astronomical observations." Bagge, James, of Plymouth, mer- chant. Son of George Bagge, of Wev- moutli. M. P. for Plvmouth, KJOl and 1604-11 ; M. C. 'for Va. Co., 1606 ; comptroller of the customs at Plymouth and Fowey ; deputy mayor of Plymouth in 1623. He married Margaret, daughter of John Sloue, Esq. ; was buried at St. Andrew's Church, Plymouth, April 6, 1624. His eldest son bore his name, and it is sometimes hard to distinguish be- tween father and son. One or the other of them was an agent for the E. I. Co. at Plymouth in 1619, etc., and " June 28, 1620, the Virginia Company gave Mr. James Bagge ^'re shares " of land in Virginia. Bagge, James, son of the above ; M. P. for Bodmin in 1621-22 ; West Looe, 1624-25 ; East Looe, 1625-26, and Plympton, 1628-29 ; knighted at Saltcombe, Devon, September 19, 1625; governor of Plymouth Castle ; member of " ye Councell for New England" June 26, 1632 ; voted to resign the N, E. charter, April 25, 1635. In No- vember, 1635, he was before the Star Cliamber. "He was the creature of Buckingham, and the 'bottomless bar/ge ' of the patriot Eliot." Baker, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Probably the father of Sir Rich- ard Baker. Baker, Sir Richard. Historian ; born about 1568; died in Fleet prison, February 18, 1645. He was first cousin to Sir John Scott. Baker, Thomas. Sub. ; pd. £100. (Attorney, Guildhall ; died Oc- tober 6, 1633 ?). Baldwm, Francis, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Ball, Richard, an eminent London merchant ; of the E. I. and N. W. P. Cos. In 1618 he is mentioned as hav- ing fitted out two ships for the discov- ery of an island in the West Indies. He died after 1624. His brother, George Ball, a factor for the E. I. Co. at Bantam, was recalled because of his notorious abuses. Richard was a leading opponent of the Smythe party in the Va. Co. during 1622-24. His name has generally been trans- cribed from the records as Bull ; but Ball is correct. Baltimore, Lord. — George Calvert. Bamfield — Bampfield, Sir Atni- as, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. The Bampf velds have been settled at Polti- more, Devonshire, since the reign of Edward I. Sir Amias was M. P. for Devon, 1.597-98; knighted at Windsor, July 9, 1603 ; died February 9, 1626, and was buried at North Mollon, Dev- on. Ancestor of Lords Poltimore. BANBURY — BARGRAVE 823 Banbury, Earl of. — William Knol- lys. Bancroft. Richard, Bishop of Lon- don, etc. Was born in lot! ; edu- cated at Jesus College, Cambridge; under the patronage of Sir Christo- pher Hatton about 1585 ; made Bishop of London, 1597 ; Archbishop of Can- terbury, 1604: ; Chancellor of the Uni- versity of Oxford, 1608. Died No- vember 2, 1610, and was interred in Lambeth Church. In my remarks on XLIX., I have stated my belief that this first draft was given by Wingfield to Bancroft, and by Bancroft to the Lambeth Li- brary. It seems natural that Wing- field should do this, as in his defense of himself from the charge of athe- ism, etc., he makes the following di- rect appeal to Bancroft : — " For my first worke (which was to make a right choice of a spirituall pastor), I appeale to the reinembraunce of my Lo. of Caimt : his grace, who gave me very gracious audience in my request. And the World kuoweth whome I took with me : truly, in my opinion, a man not any waie to be touched with the rebellious humors of a popish spirit, nor blemished with ye least suspition of a factius scismatiek, whereof I had a special care." (See Rev. Robert Hunt.) If Bancroft placed Wingfield's ap- peal (as I think) on record in Lam- beth Library, it would seem to be an indorsation by him of the correctness of that appeal. Capt. John Smith, writing in 1630, in that prevaricating and misleading style which developed with his age, says : "But Jamestowne was 509 pounds a yeare, as they say, appointed by the Councell here, allowed by the Councell there, and confirmed by the Archbishop of Canterbury his Grace, Primate and Metropolitan of all Eng- land, An. 1605 to Master Richard Hac- luit Prebend of Westminster : who by his authority sent Master Robert Hunt an honest, religious and courageous Divine." A tangle of truth and false- hood. The charter was not sealed until April, 1606, and poor Hunt's salary was certainly less than £50. " 500 pounds a yeare "would be equiv- alent to over 810,000 per annum, pres- ent values. Banister. See Bannister. Banks, John, mercer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £112 10s. Born about 1571 ; apprenticed to Baptist Hicks; admit- ted a member of the Mercers' Com- panv in 151)9 ; of the E. I. Co. in 160V ; N. W. P. Co., 1612 ; B. I. Co., 1615. Was master of the Mercers when he died, September 9, 1630. There is " a faire monument to him in the Parish Church of St. Michael the Quern, in the North He, mentioning his many acts of charity " : — " Much was to liim committed much lie gave, Entering his treasure there where all shall have Return with use. Wliat to the poor is given Claims a just promise of reward in heaven." His only daughter and heir, Anne, married, July 5, 1631, Edmond Waller (the poet), of Berkensfield in Buck- inghamshire. She died after Decem- ber, 1631, and her hixsband probably inherited her interests in Virginia and the Bermudas. Capt. Henry Waller of the Massachusetts Company, and a relative of the poet's, aided him in securing his bride, whom he stole from her guardians. Banks, Miles, cutler, 2. Sub. ; pd. £.10. Bannister, Richard, merchant, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. " Licensed to make cloths and beaver for twenty- one years, March 24, 1618." Barber, Edward. See Barkham. Barber, Thomas, merchant, 2. Sul). ; pd. £62 10s. of the E. I. and X. W. P. Cos. Bargrave (Baigar), Capt. George. Sub. ; pd. . Robert Bar- grave, of Bridge in Kent, had by his wife Joanna, daughter of John Gil- bert, of Sandwich, three daughters and six sons. One of the daughters, Ingle or Angel Bargrave, married, October 4, 1604, Rev. John Boys (1571-1625), afterwards Dean of Can- terbury. The sons were: Rev. Thomas (who came to Virginia about 1619, and died there in 1621, leaving his library, valued at 100 marks, to the college at Henrico), Richard, Capt. John, Robert, Capt. George, aiid Rev. Isaac Bar- grave (1586-1643), afterwards Dean of Canterbury. Capt. George Bar- grave was born about 1584. He was captain of the Edwin in 1618 and 1619, and I suppose, before and after those dates. The Edwin was sent to 824 BARGRAVE — BARKHAM the Bermudas in March, 1614 ; re- mained there some time, and returned to England in tlie winter of 1614-15. She made another voyage to the S. I. in 1615 ; and sailed from England on a third voyage in February, 161 ^ ; soon after her arrival in the S. I , " being a barke of very good sayle," she was sent to the West Indies, from whence she returned late in the summer of 1616, loaded with lignum vit:e, certain plants and fruits, and " a Negroe the first thes Islands ever had.^^ From the Bermudas, the Edwin returned to Eng- land, arriving there some time before March 5, 161^, on which day the Va. Co. allowed Capt. George Bargrave five shares for services rendered. He made a fourth voyage (probably to Virginia) in 1617-18, about which there was some trouble on his return in the spring of 1618. His fifth voy- age, in 1619, was certainly to Vir- ginia, where he arrived in the spring of 1619. He married Dorcas, daugh- ter of John Martin. (I am very sure this was our Capt. John Martin.) See also the next. Bargrave, Capt. John. Sub. ; pd. ; of Patricksborne in Kent, born about 1578. He tells us that, " after 10 yeares service in the Avarres in the summer tyme and at my study in the wynter," he became interested in the Virginia Colony, and claimed to be " the first person who established a private plantation in Virginia," I infer, about the year 1618. His brother George was captain ; James Bret, master; and he was part owner of the Edwin. He claimed to have "a patent of free trade from the Va. Co.," and prior to 1619 "had bought and set out divers ships." On the return of the Edwin from the S. I., probably via Virginia, the company allowed him fifteen shares of land in Virginia for his services, on March 5, 161^', and on her return in 1618 he gave Lord Zouch an indemnifying bond May 4, and the Edwin was allowed to pass up to London on May 13. There was a long dispute be- tween Sir Thomas Smythc and Capt. John Bargrave in regard to his trade to Virginia and the S. I., which began prior to 1619, and continued as long as Smythc lived. There were claims on both sides. Smythe sued him for £500 due the Va. Co., and he claimed heavy damages for being debarred certain privileges of free trade, and of his private plantation. All of his claims were denied by the officials of the company prior to 1619. Early in 1620 he was granted a patent for lands in Virginia by the Sandys ad- ministration, and soon after transferred ten shares to sundry persons. In Feb- ruary, 162 J, he presents his " learned treatise upon the government of Vir- ginia, by a gentleman refusing to be named," — who signs as " Ignotus," — to the Va. Co., and it is considered by a committee in February, April, and June, 1621, and is continually referred to by Bargrave in his petitions, etc., until October, 1624. Bargrave 's broth- er Isaac was one of the actors in George Ruggle's Latin comedy of " Ignoramus," and it is thought that Ruggle aided him in his treatise signed " Ignotus." He married, prior to 1600, Jane, daughter of Giles Crouch, of London, and at the visita- tion of Kent in 1619 had two sons and two daughters living. It is fre- quently hard to distinguish the cajjtains Bargrave. Capt. (ieorge certainly made several voyages to Virginia. Capt. John " sent servants and ship- ping thither ; " but I doubt if he ever went there himself. Barker, Robert, cordwainer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Barker, Mr. (Robert), stationer. Pd. £5. The son of Christopher Barker, " The Queen's [Elizabeth] Printer." He was " The King's [James I.] Printer ; " made free of the Stationers' Company, per patri- monium, June 25, 1589, and was ad- mitted to the livery, July 1, 1592. With George Bishop and Ralfe New- berie, he printed Hakluyt's " Principal Navigations " in 1598. He was the printer and patentee of the new trans- lation (1611) of the Bible. Died January 10, 164|, while a prisoner in the King's Bench for debt. Barkham, Edv^ard, draper, 3. Sub. £37 10s ; pd. £12 10s. Stith gives this name as Barber, the Kim- bolton MS. as Barker, and Strype also gives it as Barker, in his list of the lord mayors ; but the correct name is Barkham. He was the son of Edward Barkham by his second wife, Eliza- i BARKHAM — BARRINGTON 825 beth Rolfe, of Norfolk ; was a mem- ber of the E. I. Co. ; alderman of London, successively, of Farringdon and Cheap wards ; sheriff in IGll ; lord mayor 1621-22 ; knighted June 16, 1622 ; readmitted into the Va. Co., July 3, 1622 ; will dated Janu- ary 15, 1632. Died January 15, 163^. His son Edward's (created a baronet in 1623 ; M. P. for Boston hi 1625 and 1626) daughter Margaret married Sir Edmund Jennings, of Ripon, and was the mother of Edmund Jennings (acting governor of Virginia, 1710), an ancestor of Gen. R. E. Lee, and of very many other distinguished Am- ericans. Sir Edward Barkham's (the lord mayor) daughter Jane married Sir Charles C:esar (master of the rolls), the nephew of Capt. John Martin ; another daughter Margaret was the wife of Sir Anthony Irby. Barneham, Sir Francis, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Boughton Mon- chelsea ; knighted, with his father, July 23, 1603 ; M. P. Grampound, 1604-11 ; Maidstone, 1614, 1621-22, 1624-25, 1625-26, 1628-29, 1640, and 1640 till decease about 1645. He was first cousin to Sir Francis Bacon's wife. Earners — Berners, Anthony, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s ; pd. £100. Barnes, alias Baron, Edward, mercer, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £62 10s. Son of Richard Baron by his second wife, Margaret Morton ; ad- mitted into the Mercers' Company by patrimony in 1586 ; warden in 1601 and liJlO ; master in 1615. His father and himself were both benefactors of the Mercers. Barnes, Sir George, the elder, haberdasher. "Dwelled in Barthol- omew Lane." Sheriff of London, 1545- 46 ; the first merchant adventurer to Barbary, Russia, and Genoa ; an in- corporator of the first organized Eng- lish company for discovery, etc., 1551 ; lord mayor, and knighted, 1.552-53 ; " a principall doer " in sending Sir Hugh Willoiighby to the N. E. in 1553 ; one of " the first four Con- suls " of the Mereliant Adventurers, February 6, 15.j3. He is mentioned most kindly in the farewell letter of Bishop Ridley (the martyr), October, 1555. Died February 8, 1558, and was buried in the Church of St. Bar- tholomew the Little. He married Alice, daughter of Mr. Brooke, of Shropshire. She died in 1559, leaving two sons and two daughters, George (of whom hereafter), John, Anne, and Elizabeth. John married Jane Lang- ton ; left two daughters. Anne mar- ried, first, Alexander Carliell, of Lon- don, leaving at least one son and one daughter : namely, Captain Christo- pher Carliell, and Alice, who married Christopher Hudson. Anne Barnes-CarlicU married, sec- ondly, Sir Francis Walsingham, but left no issue by him. Elizabeth Barnes married Sir John Rivers, Lord Mayor of London, in 1573. He died in 1584, leaving six sons and three daughters. Captain John Rivers was the second sou. Barnes, Sir George, the younger, haberdasher. Eldest son of Sir George, the elder aforesaid ; was a leading merchant adventurer ; alder- man of London, 1574 ; sheriff", 1576 ; interested in Fenton's voyage, 1582- 83, and in Davis's voyages to the N. W., 1585-87 ; Lord Mayor of Lon- don, and knight, 1586-87. John Stow dedicated the 1587 edition of " The Chronicles of England " to him. Presi- dent of St. Thomas's Hospital, 1591. Died February 8, 1592. " He dwelled in Lombard Street, over against the George, in the house which was Sir William Chester's, and was buried in the Church of St. Edmond the King, hard by." He married Anne, daughter of Sir William Gerrard, and had issue by her one daughter and eight sons. The daughter, Anne Barnes, married W.alter Marler, and the eldest son, William Barnes, married Anne, sister of Sir pjdwin Sandvs. Barnes, William, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Son of Sir Geoi-ge, the younger (the preceding); married Anne Sandys. Barnevelt. See Olden Barnevelt. Baron, Christopher, elothworker, 2. Sub. ; pd. £62 10s. Barrett, William, " king's grocer," 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £25. Of the E. I. Co. Barrington, Sir Francis, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Great-great- grandson of Georgia, Duke of Clar- ence, brother to Edward IV. ; was M. P. for Essex, 1601 ; knighted at 826 BARROS — BEADLE Theobald's, May 7, 1603 ; M. P. Es- sex, 1604-11 ; created a baronet, June 29, 1011 ; M. P. Essex, 1621-22, 1624-25, 1625, 1626, and 1627-28. Died July 3, 1628. He married Joan, daughter of Sir Henry Cromwell, and aunt of the Protector Crotiiwell. Their daughter Joan married Sir Richard Everard, and Bishop William Meade of Virginia was a descendant of theirs. Lady Joan Barrington sur- vived her husband. See the letters written to her by Rev. Roger Wil- liams, in 1629, published in " N. E. Register," July, 1889, pp. 316, 320. Barros, John. Joan de Barros, " the Portuguese Livy." He died in 1571. (jilbert refers to him in his Discourse of the N. W. P. Bartle, Barklet, Bartley, Peter, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. On November 15, 1619, he sold his three shares in Virginia to Dr. Theodore Gulston. Barton, Captain George. A sol- dier in the Low Country wars. Baskerville, Sir Thomas. Greatly distinguished himself as a cap- tain in the Low Country wars. The Duke of Parma said of him at Sluys, in 1587 : "There serves no prince in Europe a braver man than this Eng- lishman." Kniglited by Lord Wil- loughby, at Bergen, in November, 1588 ; " went to France with Wil- loughby in 1589 ; commanded the gar- rison at the Rammekens in 1592 ; commanded troops sent to Brittanj^ 1594 ; appointed colonel general of the soldiers in the fleet of Drake and Hawkins, June 21, 1595 ; commanded troops in Picardy in 1596, where he died of a fever, June 4, 1597. He married Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Throckmorton (see pedigree). Basse, Humphrey, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 lOs. Of the E. I. and N. W. P. Cos. Bateman, Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. " xV member of the Skin- ners' Company ; was joined in com- mercial matters with Nicholas Ferrar the elder, and otliers." He was the second son of Richard Bateman, of Hartington, County Derby ; baptized there Se])tember 8, 1561 ; an incor- porator of the E. I. Co., 1600 ; of the N. W. P. Co., 1612 ; he served on the committee, and was an auditor and solicitor to the E. I. Co. ; M. P. for Weymouth, 1614 ; deputy governor of the company for bringing a new river to London, 1619 ; one of the treasurers of the E. I. Co., 1620 ; M. P. for London, 1621-22 ; recom- mended to the Va. Co. by King James as a fit person for their deputy treas- urer in May, 1622; M P. for London, 1624-25 ; member of the royal com- mission for winding up tlie Va. Co., July 15, 1624. I think he was a member of the Company of Massa- chusetts Bay in New England, 1629. Was chamberlain of the City of Lon- don. Died December 11, 1644 ; will dated August 3, 1641; proved August 2, 1645. He founded and endowed the divinity lectureship of Ashbourne, County Derby, and was a benefactor to the Skinners' Company. He was married twice, and left four sons: first, Robert, of Rotterdam, Holland ; sec- ond. Sir William; third. Sir Anthony, lord mayor in 1664 ; and fourth, Sir Thomas, created a baronet in 1664. The last three were aldermen of Lon- don and suffered great losses by the fire of 1666. Bathe, Earl of. — William Bour- chier. Bathurst, Timothy, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Having served his apprenticeship to Launcelot Bath- urst, was admitted to the freedom of the Grocers' Company, January 14, 1577 ; to the livery. May 24, 1596; paid £15 as his sliare of the £20,000 levied on the city by Queen Elizabeth in 1598 ; junior warden of the Grocers in 1609 ; became insolvent during liis wardenship, and was found to be a de- faulter at the expiring of his term to the extent of £368, which the senior warden, Edmond Peshall, was required by the court (of the company) to pay, because he knew of Wai'den Bathurst's insolvency. (Launcelot Bathurst, al- derman, was ancestor of the present Earl Bathurst.) ^ >tr^'^^ ^'~Z20 ^-^ Bayley, Thomas, vintner, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Beadle — Bedell, Gabriel, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. BEADLE — BERKLEY 827 Beadle — Bedell, John, 2. Sub. ; £12 lOs. Beale, Ed'ward, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Admitted to free- dom, 1.j94 ; to livery, 1G09 ; to the Court of Assistants, March 14, 1G21. Beale, Robert (l.-j-ll-lGOl). Di- plomatist and antiquary. Beaumont, John, elothworker, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Beaumont, Sir Thomas, the elder, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £2o. Knighted April 23, 1G03 ; M. P. Taraworth, 1605-11. Died November 27, 1014. Beck, Charles. Pd. £25. Beck, William, gent., 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Bedford, Countess of. — Lucy Harrington. Bedford, Earl of. — Edward Rus- .sell. Bedingfield, Sir Henry, 3. Sid). ; pd. £37 10s. Of Oxburgh Hall, Norfolk ; knighted at Wliitehall, July i:l, 1G04 ; M. P. for Norfolk, 1614 ; fought under the royal standard in the civil war. Died November 22, 1656. In 1607 George Wilson dedicated to him " The Commendation of Cock- Fighting. AVhereiii is shewed that cock-fighting was before the coming of Christ " Bell, Robert, merchant, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of the N. W. P. Co., and one of the directors of the E. I. Co. ; on the Virginia Commission of July 15, 1624. He married Alice, daughter of Ralphe Colston, of Essex ; was deputy alderman of Lime Street ward, Loudon, m 1633, and was living in 1634. Bennet, George, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Also of E. I. and N. W. P. companies. Bennet, Sir John, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Judge of High Court of Admiralty, and of the Pre- rogative Court of Canterbury ; M. P. Ripon, 1597-98 ; York, 1601 ;" knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603 ; M. P. Ripon, 1604-11, Oxford University, 1614 and 1621, until expelled. Died in 1627. His grandson, Henry Bennet, was created Earl of Arlington. Bennet, William, fishmonger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. One of the six wardens of the Fislimongers in 1605. Benson, Nicholas, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £75. " He was the sixth son of Richard Benson, of the North parts of England, nigh Kendall, in Heram parish " Benson, Peter, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of Knaresborough ; a friend of Sir William Craven's. He became interested in the plantation of Ulster, Ireland. Berkeley — Berkley — Barkley, etc. Berkeley, Sir Charles. Eldest son of Sir Maurice Berkeley, of Bru- ton, County Somerset. Born about 1597 ; M. P. for Somerset from March, 1621, to February, 1622 ; for Bodmin, 1624-25 ; Hevtesbury, 1625, 1626, and 1628-29 ; 'for Bath in 1640, and again in 16(>1, until void ; knighted at Bewlej^, August 2(5, 1623. Father of Charles, created Viscount Fitzhar- dinge, in Ireland, March 17, 1664, and Earl of Falmouth, iu England, whom he succeeJed in the Irish Viscountcy of Fitzhardinge, June 3, 1665, and died June 12, 1668. He was the old- est brother of Sir William Berkeley, the governor of Virginia. Berkeley, EdAvard, gent., 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. He came to Vir- ginia, and was living on Hog Island in 1625. Berkeley, George, merchant, 2. Sub. £37 lOs. ; pd. £12 10s. " Being a childe, he was transported into the East Countries." Purchas, vol. iii. pp. 625-631, gives the narrative of his travels in I2urope, Asia, Africa, and America. He went twice to the Ber- mudas. Smith calls him " Master Bartlet." In 1615 he went out to the East Indies as factor for the com- pany, and died there in 1618. Berkley, Sir Maurice, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £80. Sir Richard Berkeley, knight, of Stoke (iifford in Glouces- ter, died in 1514, leaving by Elizabeth his wife, daughter of Sir Humphrey Coningsby, two sons, namely. Sir ilohn Berkeley (ancestor of Norborne Berkele}^ Baron de Botetourt, gov- ernor of Virginia, 1768-70), and Sir Maurice Berkeley, Knight of the Bath, of Bruton in Somersetshire, stand- ard-bearer to Henry VIII., Edward VI., and Queen I^lizabeth ; who, by his first wife, Catherine, daughter of William Blount, Loi'd Montjov, and his wife, Alice Kebel (Cabell), had a son. Sir Henry Berkeley, who was the father of Sir Maurice Berkeley, 828 BERKELEY — BING of Bruton, Somerset, of whom I write ; which Sir Maurice was knighted by Essex for gallantry at Cadiz, in 1596 ; M. P. for Truro, 1597-98 ; for Somerset, 1601, and for Minehead, 1604-11 ; M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607 ; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609 ; about 1610 he was an under- taker for 2,000 acres of land in Ul- ster, Ireland; M. P. for Somerset in 1614. lie married Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Sir William, and sister of Sir Robert Killigrew, of Hanworth, Mid- dlesex, and died prior to May 10, 1617. George Lord Carew, writing to Sir Thomas Roe (who was in East India) under May, 1617, says, " Sir Maurice Berkeley is lately dead, who was a gentleman, as you know, of many good parts." He left five sons, all of whom were knights, and two daughters, namely, 1. Sir Charles (whom see) ; 2. Sir Henry, baptized December 8, 1600 ; 3. Sir Maurice, baptized April 24, 1603 ; 4. Sir John, baptized Feb- ruary, 1606-07 (the first Baron Berke- ley, of Stratton, and a proprietor of Carolina) ; 5. Sir William, baptized July 16, 1608 (governor of Vii'ginia, 1641, etc.) ; 1. Margaret, and 2. Jane, daughters. On the 12th of April, 1621, Lady Berkeley (widow of Sir Maurice) was admitted into the Va. Co. of London for one share, and February 13, 1622, five and a half more shares were al- lowed her. Berkeley, Richard, esquire. Of Stoke ; son of Henry Berkeley and his wife Muriel, daughter of Thomas Throckmorton, of Warwick ; was born in 1578 ; married in February, 159^, Mary, daughter of Robert Roe, Esq., and sister to Sir Thomas Roe. Richard Berkeley was first cousin to the wife of Sir Thomas Dale and to Sir William Throckmorton (see Throckmorton pedigree), with whom, together with George Thorpe and John Smythe of Nibley, he en- tered into an agreement to form a plantation in Virginia, on February 3, 161 1 ; which ])lantation was after- wards named lor him, "the towne and hundred of Berkley." He was probably retaining his interest in this plantation as late as August, 163.3 ; but what disposition he finally made of it I do not know. He died May 12, 1661. He had issue five sons and five daughters. His eldest son. Sir Maurice Berkeley, knighted Septem- ber 11, 1661, died in 1654, was father of Richard, the father of John Syms, the father of Norborne Berke- ley, Baron de Botetourt, who was governor of Virginia, 1768—70. Berkley, Robert, gent., 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Spetchley, County Worcester. Born 1584 ; en- tered Middle Temple, 1600 ; called to bar. May 6, 1608 ; sheriff of Worces- ter, 1613 ; sergeant at law, 1627 ; knighted in 1632 ; justice of King's Bench, October 11, 1632 ; removed, 1640. Died August 5, 1656 ; buried at Spetchley. Probably M. P. for Worcester, 1621-22 and 1623-24. Berkeley, William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Berkshire, Earl of. — Francis Lord Norris. Bernard, Captain John. S. I. Co. Governor of Bermudas. Son of Thomas Barnard, of Elsingham in Es- sex. Berresford, Robert (Rovrland), grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. ; sworn to the freedom, January 27, 1607. Berty — Bertie, Peregrine, es- quire, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Second son of Peregrine Bertie, Baron Wil- loughby de Eresby. Capt. John Smith's master, with whom he went to France in 1599. He died in 1640. Biancourt. See Poutrincourt. Biard, Father Peter. Born at Grenoble, Finance in 1565 ; died in France, 1622. Biggs, Captain Walter. The chronicler of the voyage, died shortly after leaving Cartagena. Bill, Mr. , stationer. Pd. £3. John Bill, king's printer. Died in 1630, aged fifty-six ; buried under a fair monument in Black Friar's Church. Bing, W. Probably Mr. Byng of Grantchester, counselor, of Gray's Inn, whose servant got into such seri- ous trouble in January, 1622, by say- ing a good word for Sir Edward Coke. Lord Coventry, in explaining why Bing was not placed on the Virginia Commission of July, 1624, wrote that he was " a mere good fellow, of no es- tate, who, for ott'cnsive behavior to BINGLEY — BLAND 829 Lord Southampton, had been com- mitted to tlie Marshalsea." Bingley, John, esquire, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £125. " August 2, 1G04, grant in reversion to liiin, of the office of writing tallies in the receipt of the Exchequer," i. e., teller of the ex- chequer. He afterwards became re- membrancer of the exciiequer ; M. C. for Va. Co., ir)12. July 22, 1G17, George Gerrard wrote to Carleton : " Mr. Bingley of the Exchequer has married Sir John Grey's widow, the mother of Lord Grey." (Elizabeth, daughter of Ed- ward Nevil, Lord Abergavenny, widow of the Hon. Sir John Grey, and mother of Henry, second Lord Grey of Groby, who married the Lady Anne Cecil, and was created Earl of Stam- ford, ]\Iarch 2G, 1628.) He must have married twice, as he is said to have " married a daughter of Thomas Henshaw, silk-man, and servant to King James." He was knighted at Theobald's, January 10, 1618. In October, 1619, he was tried, with the Earl of Suffolk and his countess, and the Lord Keeper Bacon, in his speech against the delinquents, compared the countess to an exchange woman who kept her shop, while Sir John Bing- ley, pimping for her, cried, " What rf' ye lack ? " In November he was committed to the Fleet and fined £2,000 ; afterwards released on his resigning his office, and on November 21, 1622, he obtained a pardon of his sentence and fine. He was still living in 1629. The date of his death is not known to me. Bingley, Sir Richard, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Knighted at Otelands in 1611 ; he was a member of the Af- rican Company in 1618 ; convoyed a Dunkirk privateer to Mardike in Sep- tember, 1()23. Biondi, Francesco. Born in Lie- sena, an island of Dalmatia, in the Gulf of Venice, in 1572 ; was intro- duced by Sir Henry Wotton, to the notice of King James, who sent him with secret commission to the Duke of Savoy, and afterwards made him a gentleman of the bed-chamber. He was knighted at Windsor, September, 6, 1622. He wrote a " History of the Civil Wars betwixt the Houses of York and Lancaster," " Tlie Banish'd Vir- gin," etc. He died in 1644. His wife, Mary, was sister to Theodore de May- erne, the king's physician. Bishop. Edward, stationer, 2. Sub. £37; pil. £75. Bishop, George, stationer. Pd. £10. Master of the company in 1609 ; " gave ten poundes a yeare forever to be given unto such unbeneficed preachers as shall preach at Paules Crosse." One of the printers of the works of Hakluyt, Brereton, Rosier, and Pory ; an alderman of London. He died in 1610. Blakemore, Richard. Pd. £25. Bland, Gregory, merchant-tailor. Pd. £25. Son of Adam Bland, and brother to John Bland. His daughter Jane married her first cousin, Edward Bland, and emigrated to Virginia. Bland, John ^, grocer. Of Syth Lane, London, in the parish of St. Antholiu's, and of Plaistow in Es- sex ; tenth son of Adam Bland de- scended of the house of Gibord in Westmoreland ; born in 1573 ; in- terested in the Colony of Virginia. Mr. David Waterhouse transferred four shares of land there to him, Sep- tember 16, 1618. He was a leading member of Sir Edwin Sandys' party during 1620-24, and was chosen to be of the Council for Va. Co., June 25, 1623. He was made free of the Gro- cers' Company in 1626, and was also free of the Merchant Adventurers. He died suddenly, April 20, 1632, leav- ing a very large family and a very great personal estate, and was buried in his vault at St. Antholin's. Four of his sons emigrated to Vir- ginia, namely, 1. Adam, 2. John-, 3. Edward, and 4. Theodorick. 1. Adam died on the way there in 164-. 2. John -, a merchant, trading to Virginia and the West Indies, prob- ably made his first voyage in 1635. On March 20, 167 i,, his nephew Ed- ward, son of his brother Edward, con- veyed to him by deed 8,000 acres of land called Kymages in the Parish of Westover, Charles City County, Vir- giniii. His son, Giles Bland, settled on this laud, was collector of lower James River, took part in Bacon's Rebellion, and was hanged under the decree of Berkeley's court-martial in 1676. John 2 Bland died in 1680, 830 BLAND — BOHUN leaving Kymages to his wife and Thomas Povey, whose daughter Fran- ces was the widow of his sou Giles, aforesaid. Tiiis branch is now extinct. 3. Edward married his cousin Jane, daughter of Gregory Bland ; came to Virginia before 1050 and on the 27th August in that year "set out with Abraham Wood, Sackford Brewster and Elias Pennant from Fort Henry at the head of Appamattuck River in Virginia, and made a discovery to the Fals of Bland, to the Southwestward, in a first River in New Brittaine ivhich runneth West.^^ In 1652 he published an account of this discovery which he dedicated to Sir John Danvers. He died in 1G53, leaving an only son, Ed- ward, and was buried at Kymages. His only grandson, John, never mar- ried. The News and Hortons descend from his only granddaughter, Sarah Bland, who married, first, Edward New, and, secondly, Alexander Horton. 4. Theodorick, the fourth son of John 1 Bland the elder to come to Virginia, was his fifteenth child ; bap- tized at St. Antholin's, January 16, l^io '■> "^^^ fi-vsi a merchant witli his brother Edward at St. Luca in Spain ; then in the Canary Islands, and shortly after his brother's death in 1653, he came to \'irginia. Purchased " Ber- keley " and " Westover ; " was speak- er of the House of Burgesses ; mem- ber of the council, " and was both in fortune and in understanding inferior to no person of his time in the coun- try." He lies buried at Westover. His descendants have been numerous, and many of them distinguished, both in the male and female lines. Bludder, Sir Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of Sir Thomas Blud- der and Company, merchants of Lon- don, patentees for the ^jreemption and exportation of tin ; victualers of the navy ; farmers of the imposition for sea-coals, etc. He was knighted at Chatham, July 4, 1604, as of Essex ; died in 1G18 ; buried at Ryegate in Surrey. Blunt — Blount, John, grocer. Sub. ; pd. £25. Sworn to free- dom, August 13, 1600 ; still found on the books as paying brotherhood money in 1612. Blunt, Ned (Edward). Sub. ; Pd. £12 10s. I suppose this was Ed- ward Blunt, the stationer and trans- lator ; admitted a freeman of the Sta- tioners' Company, June 25, 1588. In 1623 he was one of the printers of the great First Folio of Sliakespeare ; mar- ried, before December, 1623, Eliza- beth, widow of Richard Bankworth ; died after 1632. Blunt, Richard. Pd. £12 10s. Bohun — Boone, Dr. Lawrence. 3. Sub. ; pd. . " Docktor in phisick." " A long time brought up amongst the most learned Surgeons and Physitions in the Netherlands ; " came to Virginia with Lord De la Warr in 1610. June 7, 1619, he con- signed to Richard Boothby, Dr. Thomas Winston, Hugh Windham, John Tucker, and John Strange, one share eacli in Virginia. Prior to Feb- ruary 2, 1620, " Doctor Bohnne, James Swifte and their Associates, were granted patents " for the transportation of 300 persons to Virginia. He was one of the " ancient adventurers " who petitioned " to have some man of qualitye sent governor unto Virgiuia." December 13, 1620, he was appointed a " Phisition Generall for the Colony, unto which place they had allotted five hundred acres of Land and twenty Tenants to be placed theruppon att the Companies' charge." And soon after he sailed from England in the Margaret and John, Captain Chester. In the latter part of March, 1621, this vessel had a severe battle with two Spanish men-of-war in the West In- dies, in which action Dr. Bohnn was killed. Seeing that he was mortally wounded. Captain Chester embraced him, " and thus recomforted him, say- ing, Doctor Bohnne what a disaster is this • the Noble Doctor no whit exan- imated replyed. Fight it out, brave man, the cause is good, and Lord receive my soule." The Spaniards had been constantly on the lookout, in the West Indies, for the vessels of the Virginian adven- turers ; but after the taking of the first vessel (Captain Challings), the English captains in some way eluded them. The sea-fight of the Mar- garet and John caused much excite- ment, and two accounts were pub- lish(>d, one at Amsterdam, the other at London. The following is the title of the latter : " A True Relation of a IR JOHN SCOTT BOLLS — BURROUGHS 831 Wonderfiill Sea Fiq;lit betweene two jjrc.at and well appointed Spanish Ships or Men of Wane. And A small and not very well provided Ennlish Ship, . . . The Margaret and Jolin, or Tlie Black Hodge. London, Printed for N. B. 1G21." Smith's History, pp. 128- 130, and Purchas, iv. p. 1780, give abstracts from this Relation. Bolls — Booles — Bolles — Bo'wles, George, esquire, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Born about 1538 ; is found on the Grocers' books as paying brotherhood money in 1577 ; was a " retailing grocer " ; a member of the Rus. Co. ; was admitted on the Court of Assistants of the Grocers, and assessed at £30 as his share of £1,700 contributed by the Grocers to the loan levied on the city by Queen Elizabeth in 1598 ; was junior warden of the Grocers and an adventurer in the East India voyage in 1599 ; an in- corporator of the E. I. Co. in 1600. In 1603 he was executor of the last will and testament of the Right Wor- shipful Sir John Hart, whose eldest daughter, Joan Hart, he had married in 1590 ; senior warden of the Gro- cers in 1606 ; sheriff of London in 1608 ; was long an alderman from Walbrooke ward ; an incorporator of the N. W. P. Co. in 1612 ; Lord Mayor of London, 1617-18 ; knighted at Greenwich, May 31, 1618 ; died September 1, 1621, and was buried in the family vault in St. Swithin's, Lon- don. " His Charity was better felt than knowne, For when lie gave, there was no Trumpet blowne. What more can be compriz'd in one Man's Fame, To crown a soule, and leave a living Name ? " Bond, Martin, haberdasher, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Son of Wil- liam Bond, " the flower of the mer- chants," an alderman of London, and merchant adventurer, most famous in his age for his great adventures both by sea and laud. Martin Bond was born in 1558 ; captain of the Train Band of London at Tilbury Camp, 1588 ; M. P. for London, 1624-25, and 1625; buried May 11, 1643, in St. Helen's Church, Hishopsgate. He was treasurer of St. Bartholomew's Hos- pital, 1619-163G, and his portrait is still preserved in the hospital ; a mer- chant adventurer; a benefactor of the Haberdashers' Company, and the chief captain of the trained bands of London from 1588 to his death ; also in the artillery. Bond, Thomas, esquire. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Son of William Bond, Esq., of Hoi wood in Cornwall ; was M. P. for Launceston, 1521-22, for Southampton, 1624-25, and for Bos- siney, 1640, till unseated on petition. Bond, Sir William, of Highgate, Middlesex. Kuiglited July 23, 1603 ; son of Sir George Bond, Lord Mayor, 1587. Bonham, "William, vintner, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £120. Son of Thomas Bonham, of Stanway Hall in Essex ; a prominent citizen of Lon- don ; a member of the N. W. P. Co. and a director of the E. I. Co. Borlace (Burlacie, etc.). Sir John, 2. Sub. ; pd. . " Bred a sol- dier in the wars of the Low Countries, where he served with distinction be- fore the truce of 1608 ;" knighted at Greenwich, June 19, 1606 ; an officer of the Tower : married, October 1, 1610, Alice Ravis, widow (probably of Thomas Ravis, Bishop of London, who died in 1609) ; served in Sir Horace Vere's expedition to the Palatinate in 1620, and was one of the commanders of the 6,000 who were serving in the United Provinces in 1626. He was master of the ordnance in Ireland, 1634-49 ; lord justice, Ireland, 1640- 44 ; died early in 1649. He was the father of Dr. Ednmnd Borlase, the historian. Borough — Burroughs — Bur- rovres — - Borovv/^gh — Brough — Burgh. Burgh, Sir John. The third son of William, fourth Lord Burgh. He was born in 1562 ; went to the Netherlands with Leicester in 1585 ; was governor of Doesburg ; knighted by Leicester in 1586, and by Henry IV. of France on the field of Ivry in 1589 ; " admiral of England, re- nowned for his exploits by sea and land ; " killed in a duel, it seems, with John Gilbert, March 7, 1593-94, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Burroughs, William, " navigator and author." Born in 1536 ; a young- er brother of Stephen Borowgh, with 832 BOTELER — BRERETON whom he sailed in the voyages to Rus- sia of 1553, 1556, and 1557. He con- tinued to make these voyages for many vears after ; made a map of Russia, 1574-75; published his " Discourse of the Variation of the Compass " in 1581 ; was comptroller of the navy, 1583; commanded the fleet which took the Earl of Leicester to Flushing in 1585; with Drake in the expedition to Cadiz, 1587; commanded a ship in the Ar- mada fight, 1588; died in 1599. Boteler. See Butler. Boulstrode — Bulstrode, Sir William, 3. Sub. £25 ; pd. . Knighted at Dublin in 1599; M. P. for Rutland, lGOl-11, 1621-22, 1624- 25, 1625, 1626, and 1628-29. Bourchier, Sir John, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Knighted at Whitehall, June 2, 1609, as of York. " In 1619 Capt. Nath' Butler brought S' John Bourchier a letter from his daughter Mrs. Whittakers in Virginia, which letter was said to have been a forgery." (See " Discourse of the Old Company of Virginia," 1625.) He was of the King's Council for New Eng- land in 1620; patented lands in Vir- ginia in 1621; M. P. for Hull, 1614. Entered Gray's Inn, 1584. Uncle to the regicide of the same name. Bourchier, Williain, Earl of Bath. Succeeded on the death of his grand- father in 1560 as fifth baron and third Earl of Bath ; was in the expedition, 1585-86, to the Netherlands in aid of the Dutch, under Robert, Earl of Leicester ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1612-20; of the King's Council for the N. E. Co., November 3, 1620 ; died July 12, 1623. Bourke — Burke, Richard, Earl of Clanricarde, 3. Sub. ; pd. £20. Knighted at Tyrone's overthrow at Kinsale, December 24, 1601, and was surnamed of Kinsale from the valor he had displayed against the rebels there ; succeeded on the death of his father in 1601 as fourth earl; married in 1603 Frances, dangliter of Sir Fran- cis Walsingham, and widow of Sir Philip Sydney and of Robert, Earl of Essex ; lord president of Munster, and one of the councilors of state in Ireland ; created an English peer, April 3, 1624, by the titles of Baron Somerhill and Viscount Tunbridge, County Kent, and August 23, 1628, advanced to the earldom of St. Al- bans ; died in 1635-36. Bourne — Borne — Bone, David, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of the E. I. Co. Bourne, Nicholas, stationer. (See Butter.) May 23, 1622, Nicholas Bourne and Thomas Archer issued the first extant copy of " The Weekly Newes from Italy, Germanie," etc. Bourne, Reuben, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Bowyer, Sir Edmund, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Knighted at Charterhouse, May 11, 1603; M. P. for Surrey, 1604-11, 1614, and for Gatton, 1624-25. He was of Camber- well, Surrey. Bowyer, Robert, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £2.5. I think this was the keeper of the records in the Tower ; afterwards clerk of the Parliament. He was M. P. for Steyning, 1601; died in 1634. Bowyer, Robert, grocer. I hink this was the second son of Francis Bowyer, sheriff of London in 1578, and the Robert Bowyer who died April 2, 1626. Brackley, Viscount. — Thomas Egerton. Brand (or Brond) Benjamin, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Probably the son of John Brond, of Boxford in Suffolk, by his second wife. Brath^waite, R., a prolific poet and writer, was of a Westmoreland fam- ily; born about 1588: died in 1673. The most famous of his numerous works, "Barnaba? Itiuerarium, or Barnabee's Journal," was first pub- lished in 1638. " The Smoaking Age, or the Man in the Mist, with the life and death of Tobacco," was first pub- lished in 1617. Brearley — Bryerley, James, fish- monger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £87 10s. Of E. I. Co. Brereton (see Bretton and Britton), John, was admitted sizar at Cains College, Cambridge, 1587, and was B. A., 1592-93; went to our New Eng- land coast with Ciosnold in 1602, and published a " Briefe Relation ' ' of the voyage. The following items may refer to him : " Westminster, July 18, 1611. Grant to John Brereton of Barrow, Co. Chester, of pardon for life only, for manslaughter." " Sept. 13, 1613. Letter from Sir BRET — BROOKE 833 Thomas Smythe to M' Robert Whit- bee, mayor of the city of Chester. In behalf of the letter's bearer, John Brercton, who is desirous to become a citizen in Chester anil to keep an Inn there." Symthe commends him to the mayor's kindly consideration. Bret, Thomas, fishmonger. Pd. £_'5. Bretton — Britton — Brereton, John, 3. Sub. ; pd. . J'his may be John Brereton, who went to the New England coast in 1G02. Bretton, Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Brewsey. See Prusey. Brewster, Captain IJd'ward, son of William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £30. " Son of W^illiam Brewster," in char- ter of May, 1609 ; came to Virginia with Lord De la Warr in 1010 ; had trouble with Governor Argall in 1618, and returned to England ; June 7, 1619, he transferred one share in Vii'- ginia to William Cranmer ; Novem- ber 13, 1620, he transferred four shares to Sir Francis Wyatt, and there still remained to his credit on the books of the company the sura of £30. In 1616, and after, there was a printer of the same name in London, but this was not Captain Edward. Did he go to New England ? Brewster, William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £20, Was this the Pilgrim Fa- ther ? Bridges, John, Lord Bishop of Oxenford, 3. Sub. ; pd. . The controversialist ; B. A., Cam- bridge, in 1556 ; Dean of Salisbury, 1577 ; Bishop of Oxford, 1604. Died 1618, at a great age. Briggs, Henry, mathematician. Born at Warley Woods, in the parish of Halifax, Yorkshire, in February, 1561 ; educated at Cambridge ; M. A. in 1585 ; professor of geometry in Gresham College, 1596-1620 ; mem- ber of N. W. P. Co. in 1612 ; he pro- moted the use of logarithms, first ex- plained by Lord Napier in 1614, and made a journey to Edinburgh in 1616, on purpose to confer with the discov- ei'er. The Earl of Warwick passed a share in Harington Tribe, Bermudas Islands, to him in 1619. He was pro- fessor of astronomy at Oxford from 1619 to his death, I suppose, in 1631. To " A Declaration of the State of the Colony and Affaires in Virginia," published by Edward Waterhouse in 1622, there is " A Treatise annexed, written by that learned mathematician, Mr. Henry liriggs, of the Northwest Passage to tlie South Sea, through the Continent of Virginia, and by Fretum Hudson." On page 9, Waterhouse, referring to this treatise, says, " which I having happily attained unto, have published for the common good." It occupies pp. 45-50, and is signed " H. B." He was a promoter of the voy- age of N. W. Fox, but did not live to see its departure. He died January 26, 1631. Fox sailed in 1631, and named a group of islands in Hudson's Bay, " Brigges, his Mathematickes." Bristol, Earl of. — John Digby. Britton. See Bretton. Brochero, Don Diego. Of the Spanish •■' Council of ^^'arre." A cele- brated Spanish admiral. Brocket, Thomas, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Bromfield, Arthur. Sub. ; pd. £25. M. P. for Yarmouth, Isle of Wight, 1604-11, 1614, and 1621-22. ' Brooke, Lord. — Fulke Greville. Brooke — Brookes, Sir Calis- theues, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Of Kent ; knighted in the Glynes, Ire- land, May 8, 1597 ; he was discharged by Sir Francis Vere, before Ostend, in Februar3', 1601. January 21, 1609, Ann Lady Cobham writes to Salisbury, " soliciting a pension for her son, Calis- thenes Brooke, wounded in serving against the rebels in the Irish wars." Chamberlain to Carleton, from the Hague, October 5, 1611 : "Sir Calli- phenes Brook died here lately, leaving his wife in very poor estate, for they say he was seven or eight hundred pounds worse than naught." Brooke, Christopher, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £50. A barrister of Lincoln's Inn, and a poet ; was the son of Robert Brooke, alderman, and twice Lord Mayor of York, by Jane, daughter of Christopher Maltby (al- derman of York). " He was the chamber fellow at Lincoln's Inn, and the bosom friend of the celebrated Dr. John Donne, and aided him in 1600, in his clandestine marriage with Anne, daughter of Sir George JNIoore. The indignant father-in-law is said to have sent the groom and his two friends, 834 BROOKE — BRYDGES Christopher and Samuel Brook, to prison." M. P. for the City of York in 1604-lGll ; M. C. for Ya. Co., May 25, 1609. In 1613 he published " An Elegy on the Death of Henry, Prince of Wales." He was the author of several " Eg- logues, Elegys," etc. ; M. P. for York City in 1614, when the Virginia business came before the House, and took part in the debate thereon ; after- wards consulted as an attorney by the Va. Co. of Loudon ; was one of a com- mittee to represent that company be- fore the king in 1620 ; continued an active member of the comjjany ; M. P. for York City again in 1624-25, 1625, and 1626 ; buried at St. Andrew's, Holborn, February 7, 1627-28. He married, December 18, 1619, Mary Jacob. His wife died before him, leaving an only son, John. (Capt. Christopher Brooks of Virginia was one of the godfathers of George Washington.) Brooke, Henry, Lord Cobham. Eldest sou of William, seventh Lord Cobham, whom he succeeded as eighth lord, March 6, 1597 ; was Lord AVar- den of the Cinque Ports, and governor of Dover Castle, 1597 ; Knight of the Garter, 1599 ; he w^as an enemy to Essex, and was one of the objects of the Essex plot of February, 1601 ; a friend of Ralegh's ; aided in sending Gosnold to our New England coast, in the voyage of March 26, to July 1:3, 1602 ; was implicated in the plot against James I. in 1603 ; a witness against Ralegh ; was condemned to die, but his life was spared. His estates and honors w^ere forfeited, and he remained in the Tower until 1617, when he was allowed to go to Bath for his health. He died January 24, 1()19. The king allowed liim a pen- sion of about £500 per annum. He was not concerned in " The Bve Plot " of 160.3, in behalf of the Catholics, but in "The Main Plot," "to place Arabella Stuart on the tlirone, and to kill ' the king and liis cubs.' " Brooke, Sir John, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Long interested in foreign commercial affairs. The E. I. Co. thought of sending him to the East Indies in 1614, but decided to send Sir Thomas Roe. Was M. P. for Gat- ton in 1614 ; one of the King's Council for New England, and a patentee of lands in Virginia in 1620 ; retained his interest in the Va. Co. ; M. P. for Bod- min, 1625 ; on the commission for the better plantation of Virginia, and a patron of Luke Fox in his northwe.>-t voyage in 1631. Brooke, Richard 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Of the E. I. Co. Brooker, Hugh, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Prothonotary of the Common Pleas. " He lyeth buried in Saint Saviour's Church, in the North He, by the Quire. He gave unto the Free school £5 per annum forever, and likewise unto the Poor of the same parish £5 per annum forever." (Strype.) Brough, Captain John. Sub. ; pd. £25. I believe this to be the Sir John Brough (or Borough) who was killed at the Isle of Rd in 1627, aged forty-one. Brown, John, merchant - tailor. Pd. £26. Brovrn, Richard. " He was slain about 1577, in The Elizabeth of Mr. Cockin's, of London." Brow^n, ■William, cordwayner, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Brown, Sir William, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Only son of Nicho- las Browne by Eleanor, daughter of Ralph Shirley ; was born in 1558 ; one of the Low Country captains ; taken prisoner at Gravelines. " Sir Philip Sydney was his particular friend and patron, and the valiant brethren. Sir Francis and Sir Horace Vere, wlio had probably been trained to tlie mili- tary profession under his care, always styled him ' Father.' " (Lodge.) Ap- pointed lieutenant-governor of Flush- ing towards the end of the reign of Elizabeth. Brownrig, Matthew, skinner. Pd. £66. Of E. 1. and N. W. P. companies. Brundenel, Edmund, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of Stoke Mandwill, County Bucks ; March 27, 1622, he transferred his two shares in Virginia to his son Francis. In 1623 he was a member of the New England Council. Brydges, Grey, Lord Chandos, 2. Sul). — ; pd. £50. Born about 1579 ; was tlie son of William, the fourth lord, by his wife ]\Iary, daugh- ter of Sir Owen Hopton, lieutenant BRYDGES — BULKELEY 835 of the Tower ; was implicated in the Essex rising of February 8, 1(301, and sent to the Fleet prison, bnt was soon released ; he succeeded his father in the barony, November 18, 1GU2. Chamberlain writes to Carleton on March 30, 1G03, that " the Lord Chandos, who had secretly married the Lady Strange, did now publish his marriage, and made no more dainty." The Lady Strange was Anne Stanley, daughter of Ferdinando, fifth Earl of Derby, and great-granddaughter of the Princess Mary Tudor by her hus- band, Charles Brandon, Duke of Suf- folk. He was made a Knight of the Bath at the creation of Cliarles Duke of York (afterwards King Charles I.), January G, 1G05 ; M. A., Oxford, August 30, 1G05 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1G09 ; served at Juliers in 1610 ; ap- pointed to receive and introduce the Muscovite ambassadors, November 8, 1617. Died at the Spa, August 10, 1621, and was buried at Sudeley. Collins says he had so great an in- terest in Gloucestershire that he was commonly called " The King of Cots- would." Buck, Rev. Richard, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Rev. William Cra- shaw says he was " an able and pain- full preacher, of whom I can say the lesse, because he was of Oxford, and unknown to me ; but of whom I have heard Sir Thomas Gates give a good and wortiiie testimonie ; and he came to the Counsell and this imployment with the commendation of a Right Reverend Prelate, Dr. Ravis, Lord Bishop of London." He sailed from England in June, 1609 ; wrecked on tlie Bermudas in July ; christened John Rolfe's child there, February 11, 1610 ; reached Virginia in Ma}', 1610 ; became the minister at Jamestown ; married in Virginia ; his first child, Mara, born in 1612 ; married John Rolfe to Poc- ahontas, at Jamestown, April 5, 1614. In 1616 Rolfe writes that he was " a vei'ie good preacher." In 1616 or 1617 a child was born to him, called Benoni, who was " the first idiot born in that plantation." During Argall's government (1617-19) a new church was built for him at Jamestown, " wholly at the charge of tlie inhab- itants of that cittie, of Timber, being fifty foote in length and twenty foot in breadth." And in the Quire of this church, the first General Assem- bly of English Representatives " con- vented " in America, met on Friday, July 30, 1(519. And " forasmuche as men's affaires doe little prosper where God's service is neglected, all the Burgesses stood in their i)laces, un- till a prayer was said by Mr. Bucke, that it would please God to guide and sanctitie all our proceedings to his owne glory and to the good of the Plantation." March 10, 1621, he was one of the witnesses to John Rolfe's will. His wife and himself both died before February, 162-4. They left four chil- dreu in the care of guardians, a cer- tain number of cattle, 750 acres planted, and 100 acres of glebe land, all by patent, and all in the Corjjora- tion of rJames cittie." Buckhurst, Lord. See Sackville. Bullion, Duke de. Henri de la Tour d'Auvergne, Duke of Bouillon. Born 1555 ; declared for King of Na- varre, 1576 ; Marshal of France, 1592 ; ambassador to England, 1612. Died March 25, 1623. Buisseaux — Bisseaux, Mon- sieur de. Ambassador from France to the Court of Loudon. On May 14, 1617, Ralegh wrote from Plymouth to " M. de Bisseaux, member of the Council of State of France." Bulkeley (Buckley), Sir Rich- ard. Eldest son of Sir Rieiiard Bal- keley, of Cheadle and Beaumaris. Was born in 1533 ; sheriff of Angle- sey, 1570 ; M. P. for Anglesev, 1571, 1604-11, and 1614; knighted ait White- hall, November 6, 16()4. He was of the Council for Wales, 1617 ; was admitted to the Va. Co. of London, January 29, 1621 ; bnt, I am quite sure, had been interested in the colony at a much earlier date. He patented lands in Virginia. " Died on '.'8 June, 1()21, at the advanced age of eighty- eight. Possessing great wealth, he made use of it in the encouragement of foreign commerce," etc. His sec- ond son by his second wife, Thomas, afterwards created Viscount Bulkeley, succeeded to his shares in Virginia on the 13th of February, 1G22. Sir Rich- ard's youngest daugiiter, Katherine, married Sir Edwvn ijaudvs. 836 BULL — BUTLER BuU. See Ball. Bullock, John, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of Darley and Norton, County Derby, and of the Inner Tem- ple. Born in 1578 ; married in 1608 Katberine, daughter of Thomas Fan- shawe, Esq., and his second wife, Joan Smythe (see pedigree). Burbage, Richard, the actor. Son of James Burbage, actor and theatri- cal manager, by his wife, Ellen Brayue, was born about 15(37 ; died March 13, 1619. In the Visitation of London, 1633, he is styled " the famous actor on the stage." His name was fre- quently associated with Shakespeare's by writers of their day. Burghley, Lord. — William Cecil. Burgoyue, Peter, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Burgoyne, Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Burgoyne, Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Possibly these were descendants of Nicholas de Burgoyne, the Huguenot, who lived some years in Florida, and was carried thence to England by Drake in 1586. Burley, Rev Francis, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Doctor of Divinity ; fellow of Chelsea College ; translator of King James' Bible, etc. Burnham, Samuel, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Burrell — ButTvell, Ninian. Pd. £12 10s. Of Cuckfield, County Sus- sex. Burrell — Burwell, William, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. The son of John Burrell, twice master of the Trinity House. He lived at Stepney. In January, 1612, made a proposition to Henry Prince of Wales for building ships in Ireland; a member of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies ; " one of the commissioners for the Navy Royall 15 yeares and dyed 1630 ; " married Mary, daughter of Thomas Andrews, and sister of Dr. Andrews, Bishop of Winchester, and their son, Andrews Burrell, married Alice, daughter of Capt. Martyn Bring. Burrough. See Borough. Burton, George, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Eusbridge — Buckeridge, John,2. Snb. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Of the N. W. P. Co. and one of the directors of the E. I. Co. May 23, 1614, the E. I. Co. voted him "a gratification towards his expenses in passing a bill through Parliament to stop the ex- portation of ordinance," etc. Busby, Ralphe, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . " Admitted a free- man of the Grocers' Co. in 1586. In 1605 he was reproved by the court of assistants, and excluded from all off.ce of authority in the comjiany and not allowed to be of the court of assist- ants, because of unjust conduct to the clerk and defiance of the authority of the court ; admitted to the livery, 22 May, 1613 ; occupied a house in Wood Street in 1614." (Grocers' Records.) Also of the E. I. and N. W. P. com- panies. Butler, George, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Probably M. P. for Carlisle in 1014 and 1621-22. Butler — Boteler, Captain Na- thaniel. Sub. ; pd. . He was "the eldest son of John Butler of Tofte ill Sharnbooke in County Bed- ford Esquier per the 2 venter, Mary dau. of James Gedge and wydow to Christopher Harris Esq." Thus Cap- tain Butler was the half brother to Sir Oliver Butler, or Boteler of Testou, and full brother to James Butler (afterwards of the Va and S. I. com- panies) and to Butler who mar- ried John Cornelius of Loudon, mer- chant. Captain Butler was a M. C. for Va. Co.; was elected governor of the Ber- mudas in the spring of 1619, and was on that island from October, 1619, to October, 1622, during which time Sir Thomas Wrothe wrote an epigram " To his worthy friend Captaine Butler, Governour of Bermuda, or the Sum- mer Hand," which was published in " The Destruction of Troy, or The Acts of ^ueas," licensed April 4, 1620. Butler was in Virginia during the winter of 1622-"_3, and while there Capt. William Powell and himself led forces against the Indians. He re- turned to England in tlie spring, and his " Unmasking of Virginia," one of the causes of the serious factions in the Va. Co., appeared early in April, 1623. He was on the Va. Commission of July 25, 1624 ; at Cadiz in 1625, and the Isle of Rd in 1627 ; a captain in the Royal Navy ; was governor and BUTTER — CABOT 837 admiral of the Bahamas from 1638 to l(i4:l, and was probably the person wlio was committed to Newgate by the Council of State of the Common- wealth for dispersing treasonable and scandalous books in June, 1649. The date of his death is not known to me. He was tlie author of " Six Dialogues about Sea Services between an High Admiral and a Captain at Sea," which remained in manuscript until 1685, when it was pul)lished by Moses Pitt. Butter, Nathaniel, stationer and journalist. Admitted to freedom of the Stationers' Co., February 20, 1604. " A true and tragical discourse of the expedition to Guiana [1605] was is- sued by him, June 25, 1607. Newes from Lough ffoyle in Ireland, May 19, 1603. Newes from Spain in 1611. Newes from most parts of Christen- dom, Sept. 2.5, 1622; this was his first attempt at a Newspaper and its suc- cess induced him to make journalism his chief business, in partnership with Nicholas Bourne and others." "Feb. 22, 1664, Nath. Butter, an old stationer [the first English jour- nalist], died venj poory Button, Captain Thomas, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £25. Fourth son of Miles Button, of Worlton in Glamor- ganshire ; entered the naval service of Queen Elizabeth ; distinguished him- self at the siege of Kinsale in Ireland in 1601; was thought to have died in the West Indies, but returned safely to England prior to March 25, 1604; of the N. W. P. Co. 1612 ; entered the service of Henry, Prince of Wales, and in 1612-13 made his celebrated voyage to Hudson's Bay, where he wintered, and named New North and New South Wales for his patron ; commanded his majesty's ship Phoe- nix on the coast of Ireland, 1614-20; knighted by Sir Oliver St. John, lord deputy of Ireland, August 30, 1016; rear-admiral of the fleet under Sir Robert Mansell, 1620-21 ; on the council of war, 1624 ; on naval com- mission, 1625 ; consulted by Lord Keeper Coventry about the West In- dies in 1()L9, and by Capt. Thomas Jamss about the N. W. P. in 1630. He died of a fever in April, 1634. Button's Bay was named for him. Butts, Thomas. Of Great Ri- burgh, Norfolk, and son of the very celebrated Sir William Butts, physi- cian to Henry VIII., one of the found- ers of tlie College of Physician.s, etc. (See Shakespeare's Henry VIII. , act V. scene 2.) Hakluyt, writing at some date prior to 1600, says that "Thomas Butts was lately living, to whom I rode two hundred miles only to learn the whole truth of this voyage [of 1536] from his own mouth, as be- ing the only man now alive that was in this discovery." Byleth, Robert. Master's mate in the voyage to Hudson's Bay, April, 1610, to October, 1611 ; member N. W. P. Co., 1(512 ; went with Captain Button, A])ril or Maj', 1612, to about September, 1613 ; was possibly with Gibbons in 1614 ; made a voyage to the Northwest with Baffin, March to September, 1615; and another, March to August, 1616. The name is vari- ously spelled ; but I believe the cor- rect way to be Blythe, and I am in- clined to believe him to be the Captaine Blythe who commanded the fleet in the East Indies in 1622 (when Baffin was killed), although this person is alluded to once or twice in the E. I. records as Capt. Richard Blythe or Blieth. Cabot, John, a Venetian pilot. Was probably employed in Bristol, England, as early as 1472, but con- tinued to make journeys to Venice for some time after. The following brief account of his connection with American discovery seems to me about as correct as we can now make it ; yet there is still some confusion on several points : — " About the year 1491 the jjeople of Bristol, England, began sending out every year, light ships under the com- mand of John Cabot in search of the island of Brazil and the Seven Cities." It seems probable that he saw land while on one [1494 ?] of these private voyages, as he petitioned Henry VIT. in 1495 to grant unto him and his three sons the royal authority to dis- cover and possess new lands, etc. In answer to which petition letters patent passed the seal on March 5, 1496, and on May 2, 1497, John Cabot sailed from Bristol on his first royally author- ized voyage, and returning in August, he was for the first time able to pro- claim publicly under the protection of 838 CABOT Henry VII., "The certain news that he had found land." The king gave him presents, and in December, 1497, a pension out of the customs of the port of Bristol. The order for this pension passed the seals. January 28, 1498. On the 3d of February, 1498, Henry VII. granted him authority to impress vessels for another voyage, and " In the begynnynge of iSouier " John Cabot sailed with five ships from Bristol. " The king furnished one ship, and with this ship went 3 or 4 more out of Bristol." John Cabot seems to disappear in tliis voyage, and was probably among the " many men lost." Possibly he died on our coast. As early as December 18, 1497, we are told that John Cabot "had the de- scription of the world in a chart, and also in a globe, which he made, showing where he lauded in the new world," etc. His charts, or copies of them, had reached Spain in 1499, and it seems certain that a large part of our northern coast on the map of the world made by Juan de la Cosa in 1500 w'as compiled from them. It seems almost certain that Eu- ropeans had discovered Amei'ica at much earlier dates ; but Cabot fur- nishes the first definite starting-point for English claims, and Columbus for the Spaniards, though it may be that Americus Vespucius saw the conti- nent before either of them. Columbus never saw any part of the territory of the United States. As a nation we trace back to the discoveries of John Cabot. We do not trace back to Co- lumbus ; the claims of Spain and the Bulls of the Pope were based on his discoveries. Had England continued to acknowledge those claims, this nation would not now be in existence. Cabot, Sebastian, second son of John Cabot aforesaid, was probably born in Bristol, England. His name appears in the petition to Henry VII. and in the charter, March 5, 1496. He was probably with his father on sev- eral of his voyages of discovery, and I am inclined to infer that the voyage of 1498, which sailed under the fa- ther's, returned to Bristol under the son's command ; but much of the old " traveler's tale " has been woven into the early life of Sebastian Cabot. He was making a chart of Gascoigne and Guienne for Henry VIII. earlv in 151'J, but entered the service of Spain in the fall of that year, and, it seems, remained there until toward the end of 1516, when he returned to Eng- land, where he probably continued until 1519. He was appointed pilot- major to Charles V. on May 0, 1619, about which time he probably returned to Spain. He was presumably in England again in 1521, when Henrj' VIII. lequired the London compa- nies to furnish him with five ships for the discovery of the new found land. The Drapers record that they consid- ered it " a sore adventure to jepard V shipps w"" men and goods nnto the said island, upon the singular trust of one man, called, as the}' understood, Sebastyan, who, as they had heard say, was never in that land himself, and made report of many things, only as he had heard his father and other men speke in times past." In 1522 he had an interview with the Vene- tian ambassador, in which he offers to enter the service of Venice. He at- tended the congress of pilots at Ba- dajos in 1524, in the interest of Spain; appointed to command an expedition to Brazil in April, 1526, exploring that country four years ; returned to Spain in August, 1530; "was im- prisoned for nearly a jear, and after- wards condemned by the Council of the Indies to two years' banishment to Oran in Africa for mismanagement of the expedition to Brazil. He returned to Seville in June, 1533, and was soon reinstated in his former position." He remained for many years examiner of pilots in the Contractation House at Seville, during which time he made his famous mappe monde, which was first engraved in 1544. " Shortly after the death of Henry VIII. (28 January, 1547), Cabot received tempt- ing offers from friends in England to transfer his services to the country of his birth." He probably arrived in England in the fail of 1547 and re- mained there to his death. January 6, 1549, Edward VI. granted him a pension of £166 13s. 4d., to date from September 29, 1548, " in considera- tion of good and acceptable service done and to be done by him ; " Janu- ary 19, 1550, Charles V., through the Spanish ambassador in England, de- CABOT — CESAR 839 nianJed the return of Cabot to Spain. The Eiig-lish Council replied, through the Enj^^li;
  • ,jO. Some accounts state that P^dward VI. renewed to Cabot the patent of March 5, 1496, on June 4, 1550. lie settled a dispute be- tween the English and German mer- chants, and for his services in this mat- ter the king granted him, in March, 1551, a reward of £200. Under his leadership " certain grave citizens of London " formed a company, which was incorporated on December 18, 1551, by the name of " The Mysterie and Companie of the Merchant Ad- venturers for the Discoverie of Re- gions, Dominions, Islands and Places, unknown." This company (of which Cabot was " governor for life ") set forth the expedition to the Northeast, which sailed under Sir Hugh Wil- loughby in i\Iay, 1553. Edward VI. having died, Charles V. again requested the return of Cabot to Spain, Septem- ber 9, 1553 ; but he did not go. In answer to the bumble petition of Wil- liam Paulet, Marquis of Winchester, Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, John Russell, Earl of Bedford, Wil- liam Herbert, Earl of Peinbroke, William Lord Howard of Effingham, and others, Philip and Mary granted to " the Company of Merchant .\dven- turers for the Discoverie of Regions . . . unknown," a second charter on February 6, 1555, with Sebastian Cabot as governor, and on Novem- ber 27 of the same year, Queen Mary renewed to him kis pension. On April 13, 1556, he went aboard the Searchthrift at Graveseiul l)i'fore she sailed on her voyage to the Norllu-ast, and "entered into the dance iiimself." He resigned his pension May 27, 1557, an annuity was granted him two days after, and this is our last record of him alive. He was then an old man, and within a few mouths he was prob- ably in his grave. Opinions may differ as to Cabot's early voyages to the " Newfound- land;" but in the matter of organiz- ing the first English company " for the Discoverie of Regions, Dominions, Islands and Places unknown," liis ser- vice seems to stand on the " iirme lande." This comjiany, which still ejcists, forms a most interesting chain in tlie history of English discovery, commerce, and colonization. The hrst recorded voyages to America from England were sent out under the com- mand of John Cabot, whose son Sebas- tian (also interested in his father's lettex's j)atent) was the first governor; among the first four Consuls (" the Council ") and their twenty-four as- sistants ("the directors") we find Sir George Barnes, Sir William Garrett, Thomas Lodge, and Rowland Hai- ward, as well as Sir Andrew Judde (grandfather of Sir Thomas Smith), Sir John Yorke (Sir Martin P^robish- er's uncle), Richard Chamberlaine the elder, Thomas OfHey the elder, Henry Hudson, and others, whose heirs were afterwards interested in colonizing America. And at the time of which we write we find Sir Thomas SinyLhe, the treasurer of the Virginia Com- pany of London, occupying Cabot's old place of governor in tiiis company, and we see their vessels sailing on the Great White Sea of Russia and taking emigrants to Virginia. There can be no mistake about the service rendered by Cabot, Barnes, and otliers, in forming this old merchant coinpanj', which was so largely instru- mental in laying tlie business founda- tion of England's future prosperity, in advancing English discovery, com- merce, and colonization. (See the jNIuscovy Company.) The William Worthington who shared Cabot's an- nuity in 1557, and who fell heir to the maps and papers of Cabot, was of Orsett in County Essex, esquire, '• Pentinor to King Henry VIII., iving Edward VI., Queen Mary, and Queen Elizabeth." He married .\nu, daugh- ter to Sir Robert Tirrell, of Warley in Elssax, master of horse to King Henry VIII. His son, Sir William Worthing- ton, of Springfield in J^ssex, gentle- man, porter of the Tower, and '• Pen- tinor to Queen Elizabeth and James I.," married, first, Mary, daughter to Richard Atkins, recorder of London, and, secondly, Margaret, daughter to Christopher Peyton of Bury St. ¥a\- munds, and widow to Richard Eden. Caesar, Sir Julius, oldest son of Dr. Cajsar Adelmare (physician to Queens Mary and Elizabeth) by his wife Margaret, daughter of Martin Perin (Pring ?); born at Tottenliam iu 840 CiESAR 1558 ; baptized at St. Dunstan's, Feb- ruarj 10, 1558, his sponsors in bap- tism being William Pawlett, Marqius of Winchester, Henry Fitz-Alan, Earl of Arundel, and Queen Elizabeth, represented by the Lady Montacute. Denization was granted to his father, " CtEsar Aldemarius of Venice, Doctor of Medicine, on the 28th of August, 1558." His father, who was prob- ably a Roman Catholic, died in 1569, and his mother afterwards married Michael Locke, a zealous Protestant. The son, who was baptized Julius- Csesar Adelniare, finally dropping his ancestral name, was educated at Magdalene College, Oxford ; B. A., May 17, 1575 ; M. A., 1578 ; a sub- scriber to Frobisher's voyages, 1576- 78 ; left Oxford for Paris in 1579, " to finish the study of his profession of a civilian ; and on the 15, 18, and 22 April 1581, was admitted there bache- lor, licentiate and doctor, of both Laws. On the tenth of the following May, he received the complimentary appoint- ment of advocate in the parliament of Paris, and within a iew weeks after returned to England, which he seems never again to have quitted in the course of his long life." (Lodge.) Appointed "justice of the peace in all causes of piracy, and such like, throughout the land," October 9, 1581. " He now laid the surest foundation for his future advantage, by a most prudent match with Dorcas, daughter of Richard Martin, an alderman of London, who was afterwards knighted, and thrice filled the office of lord mayoi', and was master of the mint in the reigns of P^lizabeth and James the First. To this lady, who, though scarcely twenty years old, was alread\' the widow of Richard Lusher, a stu- dent of the Middle Temple, who had died February 18, 1581, at the age of 28, he was married on the 26th of February, 1582." He was a subscriber to Fenton's voyage, and on March 11, 1582, dined w'itli the Rev. Mr. Mad- dox (who was licensed to preach in all the world) at Sheriff Martin's (his father-in-law's) house. Counsel for the City of London, June 11, 1583 ; D. C. L., Oxford, March 5, 1581 ; appointed judge of the Ad- miralty Court, April 30, 1584 ; a sub- scriber to the voyage of Cavendish round the world; master in chancery in ordinary, October 9, 1588 ; •' M. P. for Reigate in Surrey, 1589; " Sub- scriber to the second voyage of Cav- endish ; master extraordinary of the Court of Requests, January 10, 1591; treasurer of the Inner Temple ; M. P. for Bletchingley, 1593. Dorcas, his first wife, died June 16, 1595, aged 34, and was buried in the Temple Church, London. (Her son. Sir Charles Cpesar, succeeded Sir Dudley Digges as master of the rolls.) Master of Request, September, 1595. He married, secondly, on April 10, 1596, Alice, daughter of Christopher Grene, gent., and widow of John Dent, of London, merchant, at her house at Mitcham in Surrey. Master of St. Catherine's Hospital by the Tower of London, June 17, 1596. Wrote "The Ancient State, Authoritie and Proced- ings of the Court of Requests, 2 Oc- tober, 1596 ; " published in 1597. M. P. for Windsor, 1597-98 and 1601. He was visited by Queen Elizabeth at Mitcham, September 12 and 13, 1598, and the entertainment of her majesty cost him £700. Eldest master of the Requests, May 10, 1600 ; Knighted at Greenwich by King James, May 20, 1603 ; M. P. for Westminster, 1604. Appointed chancellor and under- treasurer of the Exchequer, April 11, 1606 ; a member of the Privy Coun- cil, July 5, 1607 ; member of the N. W. P. Co., July 26, 1612 ; M. P. for Middlesex, 1614. His second wife, Alice, died May 23, 1614, aged 44 years 11 montljs, and was buried in the Church of St. Helen's. He was master of the rolls, September 13, 1614. Married, thirdly, April 19, 1615, Anne, daughter of Sir Plenry Wode- house, widow of William Hungate, and niece of Sir Francis Bacon (then attorney-general) who gave her away at the altar. Admitted a free brother of the E. I. Co., January 20, 1618. Many of his papers, still jn-eserved, prove his interest in Virginia, and some of Capt. John Martin's (his brother-in-law's) letters to him from Virginia still remain. M. P. for Mai- den, 1021-22. He was a member o! the commission for winding up the affairs of the Va. Co. of London, July 15, 1624. Lord Bacon is said to have died in his arms in April, 1626. A JOHN SELDEN CAGE — CALVERT 841 commissioDer to examine the case be- tween Capt. David Kirke and the French in Canada, Alai'ch 5, IGiJO. He died April 18, 1()3(>, in liis 79th year, and was l)iuied in the south transept of the Church of Great St. Helen's, in Bishopso^ate Street, where his monument (erected by Nicholas Stone at tlie cost of £110) with its curious device still remains. The de- vice and inscription were designed and written by himself ; his widow had tlie monument erected. He left a high character for integrity, talent, and charity. It was said of him, that he was kept alive beyond nature's course by the prayers of the many poor whom he daily relieved. Cage, Ed'ward, grocer, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £87 10s. Admitted to the livery of the Grocers' Company in 1586 ; married Judith, daughter of Sir John Hart ; died in 1619, and on November 15 in that year, his son, John Cage, Esq., sold nine shares of land in Virginia, — six to Dr. Theodore Gulston and three to Isaac Seaward. Callamata, mentioned in " The Epistle Dedicatory " to Smith's " Gen- eral History" (1624), in Brathwait's verses prefixed to " The True Travels, etc." (1630), and in "The True Travels," on page 32. The same narrative as printed by Purchas in 1621 contains no reference to her. Calthorpe. See Galthorpe. Calvert, George, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Born about 1579-80, at Kipling in Yorkshire ; entered Trinity College, Oxford in 1.594 ; A. B., Oxford, February 23, 159? ; after- wards traveled abroad ; entered pub- lic life under the patronage of Sir Robert Cecil ; M. P. for Bossiney in Cornwall, October, 1609, to February 9, ICll ; A. M., Oxford, 1605. Pro- thonotary and keeper of the rolls in Connaught, Ireland, 1606 ; member of the E. 1. Co.; clerk of the Privy Coun- cil in September, 1611. In January, 1612, " he was settled about the king, and wholly employed in reading and writing." One of the executors of Robert, Earl of Salisbury, ISIay, 1612. One of tlie commissioners for Ireland, August 24, 161.3. He adventured £1,600 in the joint stock of the E. I. Co. in Kill ; knigiited at Hampton Court, September 29, 1617 ; in the proceedings against Ralegh in 1618 ; ap})ointed secretary of state for life in February, 1619 ; purchased a part of Newfoundland from Sir William Vauglian in 1620, and in 1621 sent a body of settlers there. M. P. for County York, January 30, 1621, to February 8, 1622. Admitted into the New England Company July 5, and his bounds in that colony were laid off July 24, 1622. Avalon ("the first fruits of Christianity "), Newfound- land, was granted to him by letters patent of December 31, 1622, March 30 and April 7, 1623. He was granted lands " at the king's service " in Ire- land, February 18, 1623 ; M. P. for Oxford University, February 12, 1624, to (the king's death) March 27, 1625 ; member of the commission for wind- ing up the affairs of the Va. Co., July 15, 1624, and afterwards one of the committee of the Council for plantation affairs ; resigned the sec- retaryship, for a consideration, in favor of Sir Albert Morton, February 9, 1625 ; created Lord Baltimore, February 16, 1625, and a few days after went into the north of England " with Sir Tobie Matthew, which con- firms the opinion, that he is a bird of that feather," i. e. a Roman Catholic. On March 11, following, the king granted him the Irish lands " in fee simple," and soon after the king's death he went over to his Irish pos- sessions. He visited " Ferryland," his colony in Newfoundland in 1627, and again in 1628 ; remaining there from about April, 1628, to about Sep- tember, 1629, when, after having spent abou1P£25,000 in advancing that plantation, he seems to have aban- doned it. Going to Virginia, " to view those parts," he arrived at Jamestown early in October, 1629, where he seems to have met with but a "cowlde " re- ception. Yet he was pleased with the climate and the soil, if not with the people. In December, 1630, he was again in England. In February, 1631, he was very near obtaining a charter for land south of James River. Early in 1632 he overcame all ob- stacles, and the king agreed to grant him lands north and east of tlie Poto- mac ; but he died before his charter passed the seals, " in London, April 15, 1632, in the 53rd year of his age, and 842 CAM — CAREW was buried in the chancel of St. Dnn- stan's in the West." He married Anne, daughter of George Wynne. " His rights were transmitted to his son and heir, Cecil, second Lord Balti- more, to whom the Maryland charter was finally issued 20 June, 1632." /^7^^ Cam, Master Thomas. Probably Thomas Canne, who was afterwards knighted by James I, His son Wil- liam was mayor of Bristol in 1648. Campbell — Cambell, James, iron- monger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Son of Sir Thomas Campbell, Lord Mayor of London in 1609-10 ; born in 1570 ; became a leading merchant of Lon- don ; member of the E. I. Co. ; mas- ter of the Ironmongers in 1615; sheriff of London, 1619 ; elected alderman of Billingsgate ward, May 24, 1620; re- moved to Lime Street ward. May 14, 1625, and at his death in 1642 was the senior alderman of London ; a direc- tor of the E. I. Co., 1621 ; master of the Ironmongers, 1623 ; on the Va. commission, July 15, 1624; was a mem- ber of the French and Eastland com- panies; Lord Mayor of London, 1629- 30; knighted at" Whitehall, May 23, 1630 ; master of the Ironmongers in 1641. Died January 5, and was buried in St. Olave's, Jewry, London, on the 8 th of February, 1642. By will he left to various objects, charities, and persons, £48,967 6s. 8d., •besides real and personal estate, which was a vast sum in those times. His servant, Ed- ward Browne, was inclined to " Booke- makeing," and has thus preserved for ns much of interest regarding his mas- ter. Campe, Laurence, draper, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £100. Founded an almshouse in the parish of Friarn Barnet ; was a donor to the Parish Cluirch of "Alhallowes the Wall," and " from his love to Learning gave £40 towards the maintenance of poor scholars in Cambridge." Candish. See Cavendish. Camiing, Paul, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Member of the E. I. Co.; in 1612 he was sent, with letters from King James and orders from the E. I. Co., to the East Indies ; taken by the Portuguese, September, 1612 ; set on shore at Surat in October, 1612, and died at Agra May 29, 1613, having been " poysoned by Jesuits," so it was .said. Canning, William, ironmonger, 2, Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. William and Paul were brothers, being sons of Richard Canning, of Foxcote, County Warwick ; another brother, George, was the ancestor of the celebrated George Viscount Canning, orator and statesman. William was born about 15G2 ; was " of Bashingshaw Blackwell Hall," London ; patented lands in County Derry, Ireland ; member of the E. I. Co. ; deputy governor of the B. I. Co. ; master of the Ironmongers in 1617 ; elected a director of the Va. Co. of London, April 28, 1619 ; voted to surrender the Virginia charter to the crown, October 20, 1623. During the factions of 1623 in the Va. Co., he struck Thomas Keightley in the Ex- change, which resulted in a lawsuit and fines. Master of the Ironmongers in 1627, and died during year of office. He married, in 1592, Rachael, daughter of W'illiam Ormshawe, of St. Mary-le- Bow, London, grocer. Cannon, Thomas, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Probably M. P. for Haverford West, 1625 and 1626, and for Ilaslemere, 1628-29; knighted at Greenwich, June 30, 1623. Cantrell, William, gent., 2. Sub. : pd. £12 10s. Carbery , Earl of. — John Vaughan. Carew. See Carne. Carew, George Lord, 2. Sub. Edmund Carew, who was knighted on the field of Bosworth, was the father of Katherine Carew, the grandmother of Sir Walter Ralegh, and of George Carew, the very Reverend Dean of Exeter and Windsor, the father of George Lord Carew, of whom I write. George Lord Carew was born May 29, 1555 ; at Pembroke College, then C ARE W — CAREY 843 called Broadgate Hall, Oxford, 1504 to 1573 ; " distinguished by the va- riety, the rapidity, and the success of his studies;" suddenly adopted the military profession ; (putted the uni- versity without taking his degree, and joined his uncle, James W'ingHeld (see pedigree), in Ireland, where he had distinguished himself so early as l.")79 ; knighted by Lord Deputy Per- rott, lord president of ^Munster, in 1585 ; M. A., Oxford, 1589 ; lieuten- ant of the ordnance, Tower of Lou- don, in 1592, when his cousin, Sir Wal- ter Ralegh, was placed in his custody for marrying against the wishes of the queen, and it was with him that Sir Walter had the memorable fight (so called) for a sight of Elizabeth; ac- companied Essex in the expedition to Cadiz in 1596. In 1597 he was lieu- tenant of the ordnance of the fleet un- der Essex sent out against the Azores Islands ; M. P. for Queenborough, 1597-98. In June, 1598, Essex too earnestly advocated him for lord dep- uty of Ireland, for which Elizabeth gave Essex a box on the ear, and bade him "go and be hanged!" Then Essex lost his temper, and called the queen " a king in petticoats." Sir George Carew was appointed lord president of Munster, 1599, " when, uniting his forces with those of the Earl of Thomond, he reduced several castles and other strong places, obtained many triumphs over the reb- els, brought the Earl of Desmond to trial, and gained great honor to him- self." One of the lord justices of Ireland, treasurer of the army, etc., 1600-03 ; '■ he defeated the Spaniards on their landing at Kinsale in IGOl, and obliged thena to abandon their ])rojects against Ireland." Upon the accession of King James I. he was constituted captain and governor of the Isle of Guernsey, vice-chamberlain to the queen and receiver-general of her revenues ; j\I. P. for Hastings from 1604, until he was created a peer. Having married Joyce, only lward Zouehe. Cecil, Robert, Earl of Salisbury, 2. Sub. ; pd. £3.'}.'> 6s. 8d.; con- tributed £333 6s. 8d. (.'$8,000) to tlie V;i. Co. and was the constant and faith- ful friend of the Virginia enterprise ; " The little beagle " of James I. He was the son of Lord Treasurer Burgh- ley by his second wife, Mildred, daugh- ter of Sir Anthony Coke, or Cooke, of (ridea Hall in Essex; born June 1, 1560 ; educated at home and at Cam- bridge ; M. P. for Westminster, 1586- 87; served against the Spanish Armada in 1588; knighted in June, 1591; privy councilor, August, 1591; spoke against Ralegh, and in defense of aliens in 1593 ; one of the principal secretaries of state, 1596; chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster, and keeper of the privy seal, 1597. He was the chief commis- sioner on the part of England in the treaty between France and Spain, at Vervins in 1598. " He succeeded his father, who died in the autumn of that year, in the post of master of the wards ; and in his office of secretary exercised in fact that of prime minister for the remaining five years of tlie queen's life, with as full a share of her favor and confidence as slie had at any time be- stowed on liis illustrious natural and political predecessor. No one among her ministers but himself could have supplied the loss of Walsiughara, who furnished her with the means of con- trolling foreign powers through intel- ligence gained in their own courts. Cecil even rivaled him in this dark faculty." (Lodge.) He was the sole secretary of state to James I. from 1603 to his death in 1612 ; created Baron Cecil of Essingden, May 13, 1603 ; Viscount Cranbourne, August 20, 1604 ; Earl of Salisbury, May 4, 1605 ; Chancellor of the University of Oxford ; Knight of the Garter, May, 1606; lord high treasurer, May 4, 1608. He died of pulmonary consumption at Marlborough, May 24, 1612, and was buried in the parish church of his princely seat of Hatfield in Herts. He married Elizabetli, daugliter of Wil- liam Brook, Lord Cobliam, by whom he had one son, William, his successor, lineal ancestor of the present Marquis of Salisbury. In 1603 Sir Robert Cecil wrote as follows to Sir James Harington : "Good Knight rest content, and give heed to one that hath sori'owed in the bright lustre of a Court and gone heavily on even the best-seeming fair ground. 'Tis a great task to prove one's honesty and yet not mar one's fortune. You have tasted a little thereof in our blessed Queen's time, who was more than a man, and, in truth, sometimes less than a woman. I wish I waited now in your presence- chamber, with ease at my food and rest in my bed. I am pnslied from the shore of comfort, and know not where the winds and waves of a court will bear me. I know it bringeth little comfort on Earth; and he is, I reckon, no wise man that looketh this way to heaven." Thomas Sackville, Earl of Dorset, who died in April, 1608 (who had been long intimate with Cecil), in his last will, solemnly records, " with the ut- most warmth of expression," Cecil's many public and private virtues, be- cause as he says, " I am desirous to leave some faithful remembrance in this my last Will and Testament ; that since the living speech of my tongue when I am gone from hence nmst then cease and speak no more, that yet the living speech of my pen, which never dieth, may herein thus forever truly testify and declare the same." After Salisbury's death Digby wrote from Madrid to King James : " Ve- lasco . . . writeth, in his Letters of April 14, 1612, that there is arrived a Secretarj'^ from Florence who . . . hath made promises of 100,000 crowns to Beltenebras [«'. e. Salisbury] in case he procure the efl^ecting of the mar- riage."' And again on September 9, 1613, Digby wrote to King James : " I conceive your Majesty will think it strange that your late High Treas- urer and Chief Secretary, the Earl of Salisbury (besides the Ayudas de costa, 850 CECIL as they term tliem, — which are gifts extraordinra'y upon services) should receive G,OUO crowns yearly pension from the King of Spain." But when Digby made these charges Salisbury was dead, and it may be remembered that it is said that Digby's own hand sometimes felt the roughness of a Spanish dollar. I will not enter into these controversies. If the accounts of the time are to be relied on, the Duke of Lerraa made the Court of Spain a market in which nothing could be done without the medium of money, — state affairs were for trade and bar- ter. Lerma expected to receive money for himself from others, and was lib- eral in bestowing the money of Spain; but it is not in evidence that Spain al- ways received compensation therefor, (See Gardiner's " Hist. England," i. pp. 215, 216.) Cecil, Thomas, Earl of Exeter, 2. Sub. ; pd. £220. The only son of the first Lord Burghley by his first wife Mary, daughter of Peter Cheke, and sister of the noted Sir John Cheke, tutor to Edward VI. ; born May 5, 1542 ; traveling in Europe with his tutor, Thomas Windebank, in 1560-62; M. P. for Stamford in Lincolnshire in 1563, and also in two other Parlia- ments of Elizabeth's reign. In 1573 he served with distinction as a vol- unteer in the expedition into Scotland under Sir William Drury, in aid of the Earl of Murray, the regent of the young King of Scots, when the castle of Edinburgh was besieged and taken. In July, 1575, waiting on Queen Eliza- beth at Kenil worth Castle in Warwick- shire, when she was entertained by the I^arl of Leicester with all princely pleasures, her majesty at that time conferred on him the honor of knight- liood. In 1581 he was one of those illustrious gallants wlio entertained Francis of Valois, Duke of Alanson, heir presumptive of France, and broth- er to the Frencli King, then in Eng- land as a suitor to Queen Elizabeth, and gained honor in the justs, barriers, and tourney performed on that occa- sion. He also distinguished himself in the wars of the Low Countries, and was, in November, 1585, made gov- ernor of the Brielle, one of the cau- tionary towns which the states of Holland pledged to Queen Elizabeth. In September, 1586, he fought as a volunteer at Doesburg, and resigned his command of the Brielle late in 1587. In 1585 he was chosen a member of Parliament for the county of Lincoln, and was also in another Parlianient for that county. In 1588 he was a vol- unteer on board the fleet which for six days maintained many sharp fights and fierce assaults with the Spanish Ar- mada, and at length forced them to fly. M. P. for Northamptonshire in 1593. In 1598, at the funeral of his father, the Lord Burleigh, on August 29, he was chief mourner, and by her maj- esty's order mourned as an earl, being at that time in the 57th year of his age. Warden of Rockingham i^orest and constable of the castle there for life in 1599 ; one of the commanders against Essex in February, 1601. " He was elected one of the Knights- Companions of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, and installed at Wind- sor, May 26, 1601." (Collins.) On the accession of King James to the throne in 1603, he was sworn of the Privy Council at the Charter- House, May 10, 1603, the fourth day after his majesty's arrival in London, and was constituted lord lieutenant of the county of Northampton. And his majesty, in consideration of his great merits and services, created him Earl of Exeter, May 4, 1605. M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. The meet- ings of the managers of this company were sometimes held at his house in London, facing the Strand. The old Lord Burleigh died in this house in 1598. He called it Burleigh House, and when in London i-esided there, and was visited there by Queen F21iza- beth. Pennant says it was " a noble pile, built with brick, and adorned with four square turrets." It was af- terwards known as Exeter House, and was still existing in 1826 as Exeter 'Change Royal Menagerie, and adorned with the sign of " Edward Cross, EDMOND SHEFFIELD First Earl of Mul^rai;- CECIL 851 Dealer in Foreign Birds and Beasts." It was pulled down in 1830, and the Lyceum Theatre, Wellington Street, •stands on part of the site. The Earl of Exeter was now grow- ing old ; but during the remainder of his life he continued in many noble employments. In 1617 he was trou- bled by the disagreement between his daughter, the Lady Hatton, and her liusband. Lord Chief Justice Coke, and in 1618 by the scandalous sfjuab- ble between his grandson, Lord Koos, and his wfe and her father, Sir Thomas Lake. And he seems, to- wards the conclusion of his life, to have taken up an inclination to church- government, for in 1618 he accepted a nomination, with others, to proceed against Jesuits and Seminary priests, with authority to banish them from the realm ; and in 16::0 was joined with the Archbishop of Canterbury in a special ecclesiastical commission for that province, and towards the end of the same year, in another for that of York. He left some proofs too, not only of a charitable disposition, but of an affection to learning, for he founded and endowed a hospital at Liddington in Rutlandshire for a ward- en, twelve poor men and two women, and gave an estate to Clare Hall in Cambridge for the maintenance of three fellows and eight scholars. He died February 7, 1622, in his 80th year, and was buried in the chapel of St. John the Baptist in Westminster Abbey, where a magnifi- cent monument remains to his meinox"y. He married, first, Dorothy, daugh- ter and co-lieir of John Lord Latimer, by whom he had five sons and eight daughters. Of the sons, William, the eldest (see hereafter) ; Richard, the second son, married a daughter of Sir Anthony Cope, and the present Mar- quis of Exeter descends from them ; Edward, the third son, of whom I have written ; Thomas, the fifth son, mar- ried Anne, daughter of Sir Robert Lee, mayor of London ; ilary, the foui th daughter, married Edward Lord Denny; Elizabeth, the sixth daughter, married, first. Sir William Newport alian Hatton (heir to Sir Christopher Hatton), and secondly, Sir Edward Coke, the lord chief justice. Dorothy, the seventh daughter, married Sir Giles Alington, and Frances, the eighth, married Nicholas Tuftou, Earl of Thanet. The P^arl of Exeter married, sec- ondly, Frances, eldest daughter of William Brydges, fourth Lord Chan- dos, and widow of Sir Thomas Smith of Parson's Green. She was the sis- ter of Grey Brydges, fifth Lord Chan- dos. Cecil, Captain William. Eldest son of Thomas, Earl of Exeter ; with Drake 1585-86 ; father of William Lord Roos. At the death of his father in 1622 he succeeded as second Earl of r^xeter, and died in 1640. Cecil, William, Lord Burleigh. He was born at Bourne, Lincolnshire, September 13, ISlO ; master of re- quests to the Protector Somerset, 1517; at the battle of Musselburgh, Septem- ber 10, 1547 ; secretary of state, 1548 ; committed to the Tower, 1549; restored to office, October, 1551 ; kniglit and member of Privy Council, 1551 ; resigns office, 1553 ; M. P., Lincolnshire, 1555 ; secretary of state; privy councilor, 1558 ; patron of the trade to Russia ; master of the wards, 1561 ; interested in Capt. John Haw- kins's voyages, 1564-68 ; Baron Bur- leigh, 1571 ; Knight of the (iarter, 1572 ; lord high treasurer, July 15, 1572 ; interested in Frobisher's voy- ages, 1576-78, and Feuton's, 1582-83; died May 4, 1598. He was a truly great man. The church and state of England prob- ably owe as much to him as they do to any man. His biography would be almost a history of the time in which he lived. He patronized all the Eng- lish voyages for discovery, etc. He married, first. May 8, 1541, ^lary, daughter of John Cheke, who bore him an only child, Thomas (whom see), and died February 22, 154|. He married, secondly, December 21, 1545, Mildred, daughter of Sir Anthony Cooke. She was the mother of Robert (whom see). Cecil, William, Lord Cianborne, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Onlv son of Robert, Earl of Salisbury. In 1600 he was at Sherborne, pursuing his studies under Ralegh's guidance ; married, in December, 1008, Cather- ine, youngest daughter of Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk ; aided in 852 CHADERTON — CHAMBERLAIN sending out Hudson to the Northwest in 1610 ; succeeded his father as sec- ond Earl of Salisbury in 1612. Ralegh dedicated his " Brief History of Eng- land " to him ; May 28, 1619, passed to Captain Brett two shares of land in Virginia. One of his Majesty's Coun- cil for New England, November 3, 1620; Knight of the Garter, December Ll, 1624 ; served King Charles I. as an ambassador extraordinary to the Court of France; sat in the Long Par- liament during the interregnum. Died December 3, 1668, and was succeeded by his grandson. Chaderton (or Chatterton), Dr. Laurence. His wife was aunt to Rev. Alexander Whitaker of Vir- ginia (see under Dr. William Whit- aker). He is said to have been born in 1536 ; was master of Emman- uel College, Cambridge, 1584-1622 ; took part in the Hampton Confer- ence, 1604 ; employed on the Author- ized Version of the Bible, 1607-1611. He died November 13, 1640, aged 104(?). He is classed among the Pu- ritan divines. He joined the Va. Co. soon after 1612. " On Feb'y 12, 161? renouncing all Prizes by ye Lottery he had a Bill of Adventure of £12 10s. granted him in Virginia." His dauglv- ter Elizabeth was the second wife of Abraham Johnson, whose son, Isaac Johnson (by his first wife), went to New England. Chaloner, Sir Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. . " Son of Sir Thomas Chaloner the elder, of Gisborough in Yorkshire and of Steeple Claydon in Bucks, an eminent scholar, poet, and statesman in the reigns of Edward VI., Mary, and Elizabeth; ambassador to Spain in 1561," etc. He was born ' in 1.5.59 ; educated first at St. Paul's School, and then at Magdalen College, Oxford. About 1584 he addi-essed " A Shorte Discourse of the most rare and excellent vertue of Nitre : " etc., " from tlie Isle of Lamby on the East coast of Ireland, to his cousin John Napper, Apothecary, at the sign of the Ewe and Lamb, over against Soper Lane end in cheapside," which was " Imprinted at London by Gerald Dewes in 1584." I\I. P. for St. Mawes in 1586 ; kniglited by Henry IV. in the wars of France in 1591 ; traveling in Italy in 1596 and 1597, " and several of his letters to the Earl of Essex and Mr. Anthony Bacon written at this time may be found in Dr. Birch's Memoirs of Elizabeth." August 9, 1603, he was appointed by James I. to have the charge of the person and household of Prince Henry. On August 17, 1603, he was appointed tutor to the prince, and James I. presented him with £4,000 "as a free gift." His first wife died June 22, 1603, and he afterwards married Judith, daughter of William Blunt, esquire, of London, and sister to Sir Thomas Smith's wife. June 10, 1604, he accompanied Sir Thomas Smith to the Court of James I., when he was about to leave on his embassy to Russia; and, according to some accounts, he went with Smith on that embassy. M. P. for Lostwithiel, 1604-11. He discovered the alum mines in Yorkshire about 1600, for which he was afterwards granted a pension of 40 marks per annum, and brought its manufacture to perfection near Whitby in IGOS. M. C. for Va., March 7, 1607 ; M. C. for Va. Co., May -3, 1609. He became chamber- lain to Prince Henry wJien he was created Prince of Wales in 1610 ; July 26, 1612, an incorporator of the N. W. P. Co. ; August 28, 1613, was one of those who received a grant for " all that part of Guiana or continent of America between the rivers Ama- zon and Dollesquebe." He died No- vember 18, 1615, and is buried in the church at Chiswick in IMiddlesex. "This able and upright governor of Henrj' Prince of Wales lay under some suspicion of puritanism." Chambers, George, fishmonger. Pd. £12 10s. Chamberlaine, Abraham, mer- chant, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £112 10s. He was a Huguenot ; was first cousin to the celel)rated Dr. Peter Chamberlayne; married, in 1594, Hes- ter (born in 1576), daughter of Thomas Purpillian (Papillon) of the bedcham- ber to King Henry IV. of France; aided in sending out Hudson in 1610; was a member of the Va., E. I., N. W. P., S. I., and Providence (Baha- mas) Island companies. He died in August, 16.")1. Chamberlain, George, ironmon- ger, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. . Of CHAMBERLAIN — CHERRY 853 St. Mai-y, Alderinanbnrv, London ; of tlie E. I., Va., N. W.'r., and S. L tonipauies ; a brother of fJobn Cham- berlain (the next). He died in 161G ; a benefactor of the Ironmongers, and of Christ's, St. Thomas's, and St. Bar- tholomew's Hospitals. He mari'ied, in 1G04, Anne, daughter of Laurence Overton, and niece of Sir John Mer- rick, the ambassador to Muscovy. Chamberlain, John. Son of Alderman Richard Chamberlain (sher- iff of London in loGl) by his first wife, Aime, daughter of Robert and Margery Downes of Yalding in Kent; baptized at St. Olave's in the Old Jewry, January 15, loof ; educated at Cambridge ; made a voyage to Ire- land, 1597; a journey to Venice, 1610- 1(511 ; was of the Court of Wards. The Horace Walpole of his day, wrote many newsy letters temp. Elizabeth, James I., and Charles I. He was buried at St. Olave's in the Old Jewry, March 20, 1627. An abstract of his will, wfitten June 18, 1627, is given in the " N. E. Regis- ter," January, 1889, pp. 89-91. He was brother to the foregoing George and to cue of the following Richards. Chamberlain, Richard, ironmon- ger, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £150. M. C. for Va. Co. Chamberlain, Richard, 3. Sub. ; pd. . (Two of the name were members pf the Va. Co. and it is frequently impossible to tell the one from the other.) Chamberlain, Robert. Sub. ; pd. £100. Champion, Richard, merchant, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of the V,. L and N. W. P. companies. Ralegh's wife was under his charge for a time in 1618. Champlaine, Samuel de, 27. Of Brouage; born 1567; died 1635; found- er and governor of Quebec; explored our New England coast in 1604-05. Chandler, George, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies. Chandos, Lord. — Grey Brydges. Chanoyes, Shanois. Capt. John Smith writes : " I was more beholden to the French men that escaped drown- ing in the man of Warre, Madaui Chanoyes at Rotchell, and the Law- yers of Burdeaux, then all the rest of mil fonntr//-men I met in France." Chapman, George, the poet, dram- atist, translator. Born 1559 ; died May 12, 1634 ; buried in St. Giles-in- the-Ficlds, London. Charatza Tragabigzanda. Smith tells us that when he was taken pris- oner, he fell to the share of Basliaw Bogall, who sent him to Constantino- ple to his fair mistress for a slave, they marched in chains to this great city where he was delivered to the young Charatza Ti'agabigzanda, who sent him to her brother in Tartary; "there but to sojourne to learn the language, and what it was to be a Turke, till time made her Master of herself e." He had only her love to cheer him in his captivity ; but he finally killed her brother, and escaped, and never saw his young love again. She was not forgotten, however, and he afterwards named a cape on his map of New England for her, which name Prince Charles changed to Cape Ann. Charles V., emperor. Born at Ghent, February 24, 1500 ; died Sep- tember 21, 1558. Charles, Prince. — Charles Stuart. Cheeke, Sir Hatton, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Grandson of the celebrated Sir John Cheeke ; was killed in a duel by Sir Thomas Dalton in 1610. Cheeke, Sir Thomas. Of Pirgo, Essex ; grandson of the celebrated Sir John Cheeke, tutor to King Edward VI., and eldest son of Henrj^ Cheke by Frances, daughter of Sir Humphrey Ratcliffe. He was knighted May 7, 1603. His first wife, the daughter of Peter Osborne, Esq., died without is- sue in February, 1615, and he after- wards married Essex, daughter of Robert Rich, first Earl of Warwick ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1612-20 ; M. P. for Harwich, 1621-22 ; for Essex, 1624- 25 and 1625 ; for Maiden, 1626 ; for Colchester, 1628-29 ; for Harwich, 1640 and 1640-53; died March 25, 1659. Cherry, Sir Francis, merchant and vintner. Of a Huguenot family, the De Cheries of Picardy and Normandy; Queen Elizabeth's ambassador to Rus- sia in 1598; a leading man in the Mus- covy and E. I. companies ; knighted at Chatham, July 4, 1604. The date 854 CHESTER — CLARKE of his death is not known to me. His first wife, Margaret, died " of her twelfth child " in 1595. His second wife, Elizabeth, was a widow in 1613. Of his daughters, Frances married Sir John Merrick, Rebecca married Robert Fenne the younger, and Elizabeth was the first wife of Sir William Russell, whose ships carried the first colony to Virginia. Chester, Sir William, merchant, draper. Of the Muscovy Company ; M. P.; alderman, 1553 ; sherifi', 1554; knighted, 1556 ; lord mayor, 1560 ; interested in Capt. John Hawkins' voyages, 1564-68. The martyr, Law- rence Saunders, was an apprentice of his. Chester, -William. Pd. £12 10s. Chicheley, Clement, 2. Sub. ; pd. £:-5. Chichester, Captain Arthur. Born in May, 1563; educated at Ox- ford ; served against the Armada, 1588 ; in the American vovage, 1595 ; Cadiz, 1596; iu Picardy, 1597 ; at Os- tend, 1598; in Ireland, 1599, and after, as lord deputy, etc.; created Lord Chi- chester of Belfast, February '.i3, 1613; sent to the Palatinate, spring, 1622; member of the English Privy Council, December 31, 1622; of the council of war (on the projected war with Spain), April 21, 1624; on the Virginia Com- mission, July 15, 1624. Died Feb- ruary 19, 1625, and was buried at Carrickfergus. Childe, Alexander, 3. Sub. ; pd. . (Capt. Alexander Childe was in the E. I. Co.'s service.) Chiles, Alexander, 2. Sub. ; pd. . (Sir Josiah Child was one of the most famous merchants of Lon- don in the next generation.) Christian IV., King of Denmark. Brother-in-law to King James of Eng- land. Was born in 1577, and died in 1648. King, 1596-1648. Chudley (or Chudleigh), George. Of the N. Va. Co. " Son of John Chudleigh, Esq., of Ashton, who as- pired to rival the famous _ actions of Drake and others by sea, but died a young man in the Streights of Magel- lan, leaving by his wife, daughter of fxeorge Sp(>ke, P^sq., two sons and two daughters." The old(>st son, (ieorge, was only three or four years of age at the time of his father's decease, but was thoroughly educated by his trus- tees at home and abroad. M. P. for East Love, 1614; of the N. E. Coun- cil, 1620; M. P. for Lostwithiel, 1621- 22; created a baronet, August 1, 1622; M. P. for Tiverton, 1624-25; M. P. for Lostwithiel. 1625 ; M. P. for , 1640. He fought on the side of the Parliament at Stratton, but afterwards took up arms for the king, and pub- lished a declaration in 1643, iu vin- dication of his doing so. He married Mary, daughter of Sir William Strode, and died in 1657, leaving issue. Church, Thomas, draper, 2. Sub. £37 U)s.; pd. £62 10s. Of N. W. P. Co. He was a benefactor of St. Bar- tholomew's, Christ's, St. Thomas's, and Bridewell Hospitals ; was buried in "St. Bartholomew's behind the J^xchange," London. " Here lyeth the body of ]\Iaster Thomas Church, citi- zen and draper of London. He was helpfuU to man}-, hurtf ull to none, and gave every one his due. . . . He de- parted this life in August the 26 day 1616, being aged 65 yeeres." "A good Life hath the Days numbred, but a good Name endureth forever." Chute, Sir George, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Knighted by Sir Arthur Chichester, lord deputy in Ireland, at Christ Church, October 14, 1608. Chute, Sir Walter, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd £25. Served iu the expedition of 1597 against the Azores ; knighted at Beaver (Belvoir) Ca«tle, April 23, 1603. He is mentioned (not favor- ably) in several of Chamberlain's let- ters of May, 1614, as being " so near the King that he cuts all the meat he eats." Clanricard, Earl of. — Richard Bourke, Burke, or de Burgh. Clapham, John, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. M. P. Sudbury, 1597- 98; one of the controllers of the Han- aper (1605-10), and one of the six clerks of the chancery; died Decem- ber 6, 1018. Clare, Earl of. — John Holies. Clarke, Captain. 2. Sub. ; pd. . (Engineer at the siege of Ostend in 1601 ?) Clarke, Captain John. " An Englishman by nation, a native of London, and of the same religion as his king." Born about 1576 ; a pilot by profession; was in Malaga iu 1609; CLARKE — CLINTON 855 sailed from London with Dale for Vir- ginia in March, 1611 ; taken prisoner by the Spaniards at Point Comfort in the summer of 1611; remained a pris- oner in the West Indies and in Spain until abont 161(5, when he was re- leased ; made a vovag-i* to Viroinia in 1619 ; was the pilot of the Mavtlower in 1620. On the 13th of February, 1622, at a meeting of the Virginia Court, " Mr. Deputy acquainted the court, that one Mr. Joiin Clarke beinge taken from Virginia long since by a Spanish ship that came to discover that plantation ; that forasmuch as he hatli since that time done the com- panie good service in many voyages to Virginia, and of late went into Ire- land for transportation of cattle to Virginia, he was an humble suitor to this court, that he might be admitted a free brother of the companie, and have some shares of land bestowed upon him." He was admitted and given two shares. He arrived in Vir- ginia, April 10, 1623, with Daniel Gookin's ship, the Providence, and soon after this he died in that colony. Cleave — Clive, Sir Christopher, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Of Kent ; was knighted at Greenwich, April 22, 1605. Cletheroe (Clitherowe, etc.), Christopher, ironmonger, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £50. Son of Henry Cletherow of London. Was a mem- ber of the E. I. Co. in 1601 ; of the Va. Co. of London, 1609 ; of the N. W. P. Co. in 1612 ; of the B. I. Co. in 1615; on the committee of the E. I. Co. from 1614 ; master of the Ironmongers' Company, 1618; nominated for deputy treasurer of the Va. Co. in April, 1619, and recommended to that company by King James as a suitable person for their treasurer in May, 1622 ; master of the Ironmongers' Company again in 1624 ; sheriff of London in l625 ; M. P. for London, 1628-29. He was an alderman for many years from Bil- lingsgate ward, and governor of the Eastland Company ; Lord Mayor of London, 1635-36 ; knighted at Hamp- ton Court, January 15, 1636 ; gov- ernor of the E. I. Co., 1038-41. Died November 11, 1641, and is buried in St. Andrew's Undershaft, London. He was a benefactor of the Ironmon- gers' Company and of Christ Church Hospital, of which he was president, " ivhere there is a good portrait of him." Clifford, George, Earl of Cumber- land. Born August 8, 1558; educated at Cambridge and at O.xford, where he studied matheuiatics and geography ; married Margaret, daughter of Francis Kussell, secojid Earl of Bedford, fJune 24, 1577; was interested in Frobisher's voyages, 1576-78 ; sent a fleet to the river Plate, South America, 1.586-87 ; served against the Armada, 1588 ; his second voyage, 1588 ; his celebrated voyage to the Azores, 1589 ; succeeds old Sir Henry Lee as the queen's knight, November 17, 1590. He con- tinued to make raids on the commerce of Spain, sometimes going in person. He sent out his twelfth voyage in 1598. His name is first on the list of incor- porators of the E. I. Co., December 31, 1600. Appointed governor of the Scottish Marches, June 8, 1603. Died at the Savoy in the Strand, October 30, 1605. " He was by nature what the heroes of chivalry were from fash- ion." His only daughter, Anne, was equally celebrated. She married, first, Richard Sackville, second Earl of Dor- set, and secondly, Philip Herbert, Earl of Montgomery. She lived until 1675, and died in her 87th year. Clifford. See Russell — Clifford. Clinton, Edward, Earl of Lincoln. Born in 1512 ; was long lord high admiral ; created Earl of Lincoln, May 4, 1.572. He was interested in the voyages of Frobisher, 1576-78, and Fenton, 1582-83. Died January 16, 1585, and was succeeded by his eldest son, Henry. Clinton, Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Second Earl of Lincoln. The eldest son of Edward, first Earl of Lincoln, by his second wife, Ursula, daughter of William Lord Stourton ; was one of the fifteen knights of the Bath, made September 29, 1553, two days before tlie coronation of Queen Mary. May 26, in 14 Elizabeth, he accompanied his father, the Earl of Lincoln, in his embassy to the French Court. January 16, 1585, he succeeded his father as Earl of Lincoln. " Li 29 Elizabeth he was one of the Peers in commission, for the tryal of Mary, Queen of Scots ; and was also com- missioned for the tryal of Secretary Davison." " In 31 Elizabeth, he was 856 CLINTON — COLTHURST one of the Peers on the trj'al of Philip Howard, Earl of Arundel, April 14." Ambassador to the LandgraA'e of Hesse in 1596. " In 1601, he was one of the commanders of tlie Forces that besieged the Earl of Essex in his house, and obliged him to surrender ; and was afterwards on his tryal, Feb- ruary 10, in Westminster-hall. On the decease of Queen Elizabeth, March 24, 160 1 , he was one of the Privy Council that signed the letter at the palace of Wliite-hall on March 28, 1603, to the Lord Eure, and the rest of the commissioners for the treaty of Breame, directing them how to pro- ceed." M. C. for Va., 1608. He died in September, 1615 (not 1616 as gener- ally stated). His daughter Eliza- betii married Sir Arthur Gorges. A granddaughter, Lady Frances Fynes, married John, eldest sou of Sir Fer- dinando Gorges; another granddaugh- ter, Lady Arabella Johnson, came to New England. He was ancestor of Sir Henry Clinton, K. B., a command- er-in-chief of his majesty's land forces in America during the Revolution, and of the present Duke of New Castle. Cobham, Lord. — Henry Brooke. Cockayne, William, skinner, a great merchant of London, first gov- ernor of the Irish Company. He was not a member of the Va. Co. until May 17, 1620 ; knighted in 1616 ; for many years an aldeiman of London ; was lord mayor in 1619-20 ; died October 20, 1626 ; buried at St. Paul's Cathedral. Cockes — Cocks — Coxe, Rich- ard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of the E. I. and Rus. companies, and chief of the first English factory in Japan. Cockes (etc.), Robert, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . A member of the Court of Assistants, 1605, and warden of the Grocers, 1609. Died September 20, 1609, aged 47. Codrington, Simon. Probably son of Simon Codrington by his wife, Mary Kelway (or Callaway), and if so, the grandfather of Christoplier Codrington, Esq., who went to the Barbadocs in the time of Charles I., from whom I, and many other Ameri- cans, descend. Coitmore (Coytmore — Cote- more, etc.), Rowland, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Served in the Drake-Haw- kins voyage to America, 1595. " A Fair Gallery was built on the south side of the Chappel of St. John's at Wappin, with part of the Benevolence that was given for the Use of the Chapel by the Mariners that went to the East Indies in 1616, in the Royal James, under the command of Capt. Martin Fringe, procured by the care of Master Rowland Coetmore then Master of the said ship, and now at the building hereof Warden of the Chapel, 1622." He died in 1626, and was a benefactor of the Trinity House. His widow and children went to New England about 1636. (See " N. E. Reg.," 1880, p. 253, and 1886, p. 160.) Coke, Sir Edvo-ard, " Lo. chief justice." " Born 1552 ; called to the bar, April 20, 1578 ; solicitor-general, June, 1592 ; conducts prosecution of Essex and Southampton, February, 1601 ; knighted May, 1603 ; conducts prosecution of Raleigh, 1603 ; chief justice of the King's Bench, October, 1613 ; privy councilor, November, 1613 ; dismissed from Privy Council, June 30, 1616 ; discharged from office of chief justice, November 15, 1616 ; reinstated as privy councilor, Sep- tember, 1617 ; one of the managers of the impeachment of Bacon, 1621 ; died at Stoke Pogis, Bucks, Septem- ber 3, 1633." (Gates.) He was the early friend of Roger Williams, the father of the Baptists in America. Coke — Cooke, Captain John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Was this the secretary of state (born 1563 ; died 1644) ; knighted September 9, 1624, and appointed secretary in 1625 ? Coke — Cooke, Sir "William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. M. P. Helston, 1598-99; Westminster, IGOl; Wigan, 1604-11, and Gloucestershire, 1014 ; knighted May 7, 1603 ; was of High- ham, County Gloucester ; married Lucy, daughter of Sir Thomas Lucy of Charlecote. Died in 1618. Colby, Edmund. Pd. £12 10s. Died in \^irginia before 1621. Colepeper. See Culpeper. Collins, Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Colthurst, Henry, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . " Admitted to the freedom, 1567 ; to the liAery, 1578 ; sealed the oath of allegiance to Queen Elizabeth, November 6, 1584 ; admit- COLTHURST — COMPANIES OF LONDON 857 t&d to Court of Assistants, March 18, 1585 ; junior warden, 1587 ; died about 1(510, and his son Tliouias was admitted by patrimony and sworn to freedom, May 23, IGIO." (Grocers' Records.) Hi.s son Tliomas held two shares in Virginia, possibly by inlierit- ance. Colthurat, Thomas. Pd. £25. • Columbus, Christopher. Born about 1145 ; saw land in the West Indies, October l^, 1492 ; died 150!;. Comock — Conook — Camock, etc., Captain Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. ijio. Son of Thomas Camock, Esq., and his wife, Frances Rich, aunt of Robert Rich, second Earl of War- wick. Capt, Thomas Camock after- wards emigrated to New England, and died there about 1G42. He was for a time in the Bermudas. Companies of London, 160S- 1616. — I. The Local Merchant CoMPANiF.3. The first twelve are the chief ; they are styled " the Honor- able," and the Lord Mayor of London is chosen aimually from one of them. I will give these first companies in the order of their rank. The others will follow in alphabetical order for more convenient reference. See the reports of the City Companies' Commission published in 1884, which gives most ample particulars. Mercers, 2. Sub. ; pd. £200. Incorporated in 1393. (See Herbert's " History of the Twelve Livery Com- panies of London.") The Mercers bear for their arms " a virgin," and the company's song begins : — " Advance the Virgin, lead the Van, Of all that are in London free The Mercer is the foremost man That founded a society. Chobus. Of all the trades that London f^rioe We are the first in time and place." I have identified ten mercers, who contributed about £600 to the Ameri- can enterprise. Grocers, 2. Sub. ; pd. £487 10s. " The main stock from which the company arose was the Guild of Pepperers ; the earliest notice of which is found in the Pipe Rolls, A. D. 1180, and seem from the first to have had to do with the Great Beam, " Peso Grosso," the merchant's weight of 15 oz. to the pound by which the king's import tax was levied. The word Grossarius of Soper Lane is first found 1310. In the year 1328 the Pepperers appear in city records as Grossarii. In 1345 they call them- selves in their own Archives " The Fraternity of St. Antony of the Com- panions of Pepperers of Soper Lane " (the disciples of St. Antony of Egypt who introduced sterling money (1180) and the art of weighing by a fixed standard of value, the sterling penny or pennyweight, A. D. 1266). In 1.365 they appear in the city record as " Mestere Grossariorum Pipperari- orum et appotecariorium." lirom the year 1376 this association has been known as "J he Grocers of Jjondon." The motto of the company is " God grant grace." With the assistance of Mr. Kingdon I have identified seventy grocers as having contributed about £2,500 to the American enterprise. Drapers, 2. Sub. ; pd. £150. Incorporated 1430. Motto : " Unto God only be Honour and Glory." I have identified twenty drapers as hav- ing contributed about £800. Fishmongers, 2. Sub. ; pd. 150. The salt fishmongers were incorpo- rated in 1433, stock in 1509, and the two united in 1536. Motto : " All worship be to God only." Members of this Guild contributed over £1,000. Goldsmiths, 2. Sub. ; pd. £200. Incorporated 1327. I have identified twelve goldsmiths, who contributed about £600. Motto : " Justitia, Vir- tutum Regina." Skinners, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Incorporated 1327. They were also called Tanners. Motto : " To God only be all glory." Ten members of thi:: Guild contributed about £700. Merchant-Taylors, 2. Sub. ; pd. £200. Incorporated 1416. Mot- to : " Concordia parva res crescunt." Tv.-enty members of this Guild contrib- uted about £1,200. Haberdashers, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Incorporated 1447. "They were also called Milleners, from the place Milain in Italy, whence the com- modities they dealt in chiefly came." Motto : " Serve and obey." Twelve members contributed about £500. Sailers, 2. Sub. ; qd. £50. Incorporated 1558. Motto : " Sal Sapit Omnia." Two members contrib- uted £130 15s. Ironmongers, 2. Sub. ; pd. 858 COMPANIES OF LONDON £133 6d. 8s. Incorporated 1462. Motto : " God is our strength." Ten members paid £625. Vintners, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Incorporated in 1436 by the name of the " Wine-Tonners." Four members paid £220. Cloth-workers, 2. Sub. ; pd. £100. Incorporated 1482. Motto : " My trust is in God alone." King James I. was a member of this Guild. Sixteen members paid £1,000. Armourers (1463), 2. Henry V. was a member. Sub. ; pd. . Barbers - Surgeons (1308), 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Basket Makers ( ),2. Sub. ; pd. . Blacksmiths (1577), 2. Sub. ; pd. . Boivyers (1623), 2. Sub. ; pd. . " In regard that the use of the Long Bow hath added no mean Hon- our to this Realm of England, mak- ing it famous in far remote Nations ; They may well stand on a great Privilege of Antiquity, yet their in- corporating speaks but of the 21st year of the Reign of King James I." (Strvpe.) Brewers (1438), 2. Sub. ; pd. Girdlers (1448), 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Glaziers (1637), 2. Sub. ; pd. . It may be noted that all of these companies were certainly in ex- istence May 23, 1609 ; yet several ap- pear not to have been incorporated at that time. Imhroyderers (1591), 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Innholders (1515), 2. Sub. ; pd. . Their old motto was, " When I was Harbourless, ye lodged me." Joiners (1561), 2. Sub. — -; pd. . Leathersellers (1442), 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Masons ( ), 2. Sub. ; pd. . " Being otherwise termed Free Masons, of ancient standing and good reckoning, by means of affable and kind Meetings divers times, and as a loving Brotherhood should use to do, did frequent this mutual Assembly in the Time of King Henry IV. in the 12tli year of his most gracious Reign." (Strype's Stow.) Musicians (1604), 2. Sub. ; V^- — Paint-stainers or Painters (1580), 2. Sub. ; pd. . Pewterers (1474), 2. Sub. ; pd. Bro'^-n Bakers (reincorporated 19 Plaisterers (1500), 2. Sub. ; James I.), 2. Sub. ; pd. . pd. . Butchers (1605), 2. Sub. ; pd. Plumbers (1611), 2. Sub. ; pd. . A very ancient company, but first incorporated 3 James I. Carpenters (1344), 2. Sub. ; pd. pd. . Conks (1481), 2. Sub. ; pd. Coopers (1501), 2. Sub. ; pd Cordwayners or Shoemakers (1410) 2. Sub. ; pd. . Curriers (1605), 2. Sub. ; pd Cutlers (1417), 2. Sub. ; pd Dyers (1469), 2. Sub. ; pd £75. Fletchers (1536), 2. Sub. ; pd £75. Founders (1614), 2. Sub. ; pd Fruiterers (1604), 2. Sub. ; pd Gardiners (1616), 2. Sub. pd. . Poulterers (1503), 2. Sub. ; i. . Saddlers (1280), 2. Sub. ; pd. Scriveners (1616), 2. Sub. ; pd. — . Stationers (1557), 2. Sub. ; pd. £125. " The Company of Stationers of London was of great Antiquity, before the famous Art of Printing was invented or brought to England, as (for the most part) their dwelling m Pater-noster-Row, and the adjoining parts, can testify." Perhaps the first work printed in England was " The Game and Playe of Chesse ... by William Caxton. Fynysshed the last daye of Marehe, A. D. 1474." Caxton was free of the Mercers' Company. Stow says, " The first of the Coqjora- tion of Stationers, which I have met with, who practised the Art of Print- ing Books, were Wynkyn de Worde, COMPANIES OF LONDON 859 and one Pynson, who both flourished in the Reign of Henry VII. and in tlie beginning of the Reign of Henry VIII. And, also, Thomas Godfrey, who printed about the same time." " In 1.533 there were within the Realm of England a great Number, cunning and expert in the JScienee and Craft of Print- ing." Books and papers were for- merly sold only in stalls ; hence the dealers were called stationers. The company received their first charter of incorporation the fourth day of May, 1557. Sir William Cecil, afterwards Lord Burghley, was the great patron of this company. They were " Print- ers, Booksellers, and such as sell Pa- per and Parchment, and Blank Books bound up for the use of Tradesmen and merchants." " In 1575 there were 175 Stationers in London, and of these 140 came to their Freedoms in the com- pany since the access of Queen Eliza- beth to the crown. So much did Printing and Learning come in re- quest under the Reformation." The press and the Reformation were the leading factors in lapng the foundation of the English colonies in America. Tlu-ee of this Guild were adven- turers to the amount of £225 ; but at least seventy others contributed in small amounts or in other ways, while the fruit of the press, without doubt, influenced many hundreds to take part in advancing the American enter- prises. Tallow-chandlers (1463), 2. Sub. ; pd. . Motto: " Delight in God, and he shall give thee thy Heart's desire." Turners (1604), 2. Sub. ; pd. Tylers and Bricklayers Upholsters (1627), 2. Sub Wax-chandlers (1484), 2. Sub. Weavers (1184), 2. Sub. — . " One of the earliest incor- porations whose record has been pre- served." White Bakers, 2. Sub. ; pd. £40. They were a company of London in the first year of Edward II., 1308. Woodmongers or Fuellers (1605), 2. Sub. ; pd. . ;pd. Woolmen or Wool-packers ( ), 2. Sub. ; pd. . (All of the foregoing companies are still existing in London, except the Brown Bakers, White Bakers (now united into the Bakers' Company) and Woodmongers, and all of them have halls of their own, save the Black- smiths, Cooks, Musicians, and Turners, which companies transact their busi- ness at Guild Hall.) II. Using Shipping. There were, at least, ten, which may be divided into the following classes, viz. : — 1st. Strictly Commercial, three. 1. The Old Merchant Adventurers, trading to the Netherlands and Ger- many. 2. The Merchants of Elbing or East- land Company, trading to the Baltic. 3. The Merchants of the Levant, or Turkey Company, trading in the Mediterranean and overland to East India. 2d. Commerce and Discovery, three. 4. The Merchant Adventurers for the Discoverie of Regions unknown (1551); afterwards known as the Rus- sia or Muscovy Company. " They were at vast charges in fitting out great Numbers of Ships for the dis- covery of New Countries and Isles. They discovered (and traded in) the Cherry Islands, Greenland, Nova Zembla, Davyes's Streights, Groone- land, Hudson's Bay, the North of America," etc. One of their ships was the first English vessel (in loo6) to round the North Cape of Europe, and to enter the Great White Sea of Russia. Their ships brought the first colonists to Virginia in 1606-07. (See- Sebastian Cabot.) 5. The East India Company, trad- ing to the East Indies, incorporated December 31, 1600. 6. The North West Passage Com- pany, incorporated July 26, 1612, to advance a trade through said supposed passage along the same and with the great kingdoms of Tartary, China, Japan, etc. 3d. Commerce, Discovery, and Colo- nization, three. 7. The Virginia Company of Lon- don, 1609. 8. The Newfoundland Company, 1610. (Not so especially a London company.) 860 COMPANIES OF LONDON — CONWAY 9. The Bermudas or Somers Island Company, 1615. 4th. Co7nmerce and Plantation, one. 10. The Irish Plantation Society, first known as " The Governor and Assistants of the new Plantation in Ulster, within the realm of Ireland," and afterwards as tlie " Irish Society." It was ineorjjorated March 29, 1613, but had been under consideration since 1GU5, and many emigrants from Scot- land and England had settled in Ul- ster before this patent was granted. Although many of those interested in Virginia were also interested in Ire- land, yet from the beginning this plantation was a hindering rival to the Virginia enterprises ; as early as Octo- ber 2, 1605, Chichester wrote to Salis- bury, " that it was absurd folly to run over the world in search of colonies in Virginia or Guiana, whilst Ireland was lying desolate," and as soon as the great city companies of London ac- quired their plantations in Ireland (1613-14), they ceased to take any farther interest in their corporate ca- pacity iu Virginia. But they were still, in a certain sense, planting Vir- ginia, for about a century afterwards many of the descendants of the Scotch- English settlers, bred on Irish soil, and known in our annals as Scotch- Irish, emigrated to Pennsylvania, Vir- ginia, and the Carolinas. Note. — Of these companies 4, 5, 6, 7, and 9 were largely under the man- agement of one man. Sir Thomas Smythe, who was also a leading mem- ber of the Turkey Company (3). The motives of these companies were in many respects very similar, and we cannot readily understand perfectly the movements of one unless we have a correct idea of tlie others. The rec- ords of 4 were destroyed in the fire at the Royal Exchange, where it then had its offices in 16G6. The records that remain of 5 have been carefully calendared by Mr. Sainsbury, as have also those which remain of Nos. 6, 7, and 9. Many members of the East India Company (5) were also of the Virginia Company (7), and it was this element which was, so naturally, ur- gently anxious to find some " ready way " throuiih America to East India. Evidently many of the Russia Com- pany (4) were also interested in the American enterprise. In fact, we find the same great leaders in all of these great companies for commerce, dis- covery, and for colonization. Compton, "William Lord, 2. Sub. ; pd. £100. Succeeded his father as Baron Compton in 1585 or 1589 ; summoned to Parliament, 1593 ; es- corted Queen Anne from Scotland to England, May to June, 1603 ; made a Knight of the Bath, January 6, 1605 ; attended King James to Oxford, and was created a Master of Arts of that university, August 30, 1605 ; Lord President of Wales, November 16, 1617 ; Earl of Northampton, August 2, 1618 ; knight-companion of the most noble order of the Garter, April 11, 1629. Died June 24, 1630, at his lodgings in the Savoy, London, and was buried at Compton with his an- cestors. He married Elizabeth, only daughter of the rich Sir John Spencer, Lord Mayor of London, and thereby hangs many and many a tale. North- ampton County, Virginia, was prob- ably named for their son Spencer, second Earl of Northampton, who distinguished himself in the royal cause during the civil wars, and fell at Hopton Heath, March 19, 164§. Compton, "William, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Also of the E. I. Co. Conisbie — Connyngsby, Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. £50; pd. £50. W as of Hampton Court, County Here- ford ; son of Humphrey Coningsby, Esq. ; knighted by the Earl of Essex, October 8, 1591, before Rouen ; M. P. for County Hereford, 1593, 1597, and 1601 ; sheriff, 1598. Died May 30, 1625. Connock, Richard, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. £20. Of N. W. P. Co. ; auditor to Henry, Prince of Wales. Conryo (Conry), Florence, an Irish theologian, was born at Gal- way in 1560 ; implicated in a plot for a revolt in Ireland, 1607 ; became Roman Catholic Archbishop of Tuani in 1609, and died at Madrid, Spain, in 1629. Con-way, Sir Edward, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £100. " Son of Sir John Conway, who being a person of great skill in military affairs, was made by Robert, Earl of Leicester, governor of Ostend. His son, Sir Edward Conway, MARY SIDNEY Countess of Pembroke CONWAY — COOPER 861 succeeded to his father's martial skill and valor, and twisted therewith peaceable policy in state affairs ; so that the gown and the sword met in him in most eminent proportion." Sir Edward was knighted by Robert, Earl of Essex, at the sacking of Cadiz, wliere he commanded a regiment in 1.396, at which time, Lodge says, " he was a lieutenant-governor of the Brill." He served with distinction in the Neth- erlands, and was one of the govern- ors of the Brill, 1G06-16. M. P. for Penryn, 1610-11 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609. July 3, 1622, his son (Sir Edward Conway, Jr., who mar- ried Frances, daughter of Sir Francis Popham) was admitted into the Va. Co. In January, 1623, he was made one of the secretaries of state. "King James recommended him to the lords, for his birth, for his soldiery, for liis languages, for his sufficiency, and for his honesty." M. P. for Evesham, 1624-25. One of the principal sec- retaries of state during the troubles in the Va. Co. of London, 1623-24, he evidently took great interest and care in those affairs ; and from April, 1623, to June, 1624, he wrote over twenty letters regarding them, which are still preserved, and probably many more, which are now lost. He was a member of the royal commission, ap- pointed July 15, 1624, for winding up the Va. Co., and at least fifteen of his letters, written July, 1624, to Sep- tember, 1625, regarding Virginia af- fairs, are still preserved. He was created Baron Conway of Ragley, County Warwick, March 22, 1625 ; captain of the Isle of Wight, December 8, 1625 ; and was continued as a secretary of state by Charles I. " April 22,' 1625. The'Privy Council instruct Lord Carew and himself to take into consirleration what forts and places of strength are to be erected and maintained in Virginia, and to give an estimate of the present charge and the annual cost to maintain them. April 29, 1625. He wrote to Sir Thomas Smythe, ' The committee for the Virginia business having referred to Lord Carew and myself the consid- eration of the state of that planta- tion,' 'Smythe is requested to send the names of such persons as may be of use to them in their proceedings, as also, the maps, relations, and papers which may be with him.' " Quere : What has become of these maps, relations, and papers ? I have evidence that many Virginia papers were preserved by Lord Carew ; but I have been unable to find any of them. Sir Edward was advanced to the Irish Viscountcy of Killultagh, County Antrim, March 15, 1627 ; to the Eng- lish Viscountcy of Conway of Conway Castle, County Carnarvon, June 6, 1627, and about the same time made president of the Privy Council. In 1627 and 1628 his wife and him- self were interested in the Newfound- land Colony, and some time prior to March 30, 1G28, he subscribed £100 to the New England Colony. He died January 3, 1631, in St. Martin's Lane, London. He married, first, Dorothy (or Anne), daughter of Sir John Tracy, of Tedington, Gloucestershire, and widow of Edmund Bray. She was first cousin to Sir Thomas Dale's wife. She died in February, 1613, and Lord Conway married, secondly, Katharine, daughter of Giles Hambler, of Ghent in Flanders, and widow successively of Richard Fust, Esq., and John West, grocer. She was a member of the Va. Co. of London, and her name ap- pears in the lists of 1620 as " Mistris Kath : West, now Lady Conway." She was also interested in Newfound- land. A letter writer of London in March, 1615, says, " Sir Edward Con- way is to marry a grocer's widow in London ; she is lame and in years ; but is worth about £6,000." Con-way, Captain Thomas, es- quire, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Conway, Captain Thomas, 3. Sub. ; pd. . The first named was the brother of Sir Edward Con- way. The second was Sir Edward's son ; one of them paid £37 10s. They were both knighted on the same day at Theobald's, July 14, 1624. There was a relationship between the Con- ways and Sir Thomas Dale's wife (see Throckmorton pedigree). Cooper, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Cooper, Matthew, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Cooper, Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. 862 COOPER — CORNELIUS Cooper, Sir Richard, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Surrey ; knighted at Whitehall July 23, 1G03, Cooper, Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £'25. Cope, Sir Anthony, 2. Sub. ; pd. £40. Of Hanwell, Oxfordshire (grandson of Sir Anthony Cope, vice- chamberlain to Catherine Parr, and one of the most learned men of the era in which he lived), the eldest brother of Sir Walter Cope ; was born about 1548. " lu 1571 Mr. An- thony Cope, a zealous Puritan, was chosen member of Parliament for Banbury." He also represented Ban- bury in the six Parliaments, 1572-83, 1586, 1588-89, 1592-93, 1697-98, and 1601 ; sheriff of the county of Oxford in 1582, in 1591 (in which year he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth), and in 1603 ; M. P. for Oxfordshire in 1604- 11 and 1614 ; created a baronet June 29, 1611 ; died in July, 1614, aged 66, and was buried in Hanwell Church. " He was committed to the Tower (February 27 to March 23, 1588) for presenting to the speaker a Puritan revision of the Common Prayer Book, and a bill abrogating existing eccle- siastical law." (" Die. Nat. Bio.," Ste- phen.) Cope, Sir Walter, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £215. " Grandson of Sir Anthony Cope, knight (see Sir Anthony Cope), and second son of Edward Cope, esquire, of Hanwell, Oxfordshire. Sir Walter was seated at Kensington House, Middlesex. Was member of the Elizabethan Society of Antiquaries ; M. P. for Weymouth, 1601 ; knighted at Worksop, April 21, 1603 ; M. P. for Westminster, 1604-11 ; M. C. for Va., November 20, 1606, and for Va. Co., May 23, 1609 ; one of the cham- berlains of the exchequer, 1609 ; mas- ter of the wards, November, 1612. He was one of the leaders of tlie time, in the efforts to create a foreign com- merce for Great Britain, and to estab- lish English colonies in America, a member of the East India, Muscovy, Newfoundland, North West Passage, Somers Island, and Virginia compa- nies. He was buried at Kensington, August 1, 1614. He was the friend and one of the executors of Robert Cecil, Earl of Salis- bury, and seems to have been the only one who took a prominent part in de- fense of that great statesman against those who had fawned on him while living and abused him when dead. " Among the faithless, faithful only he ; Among innumerable false, unmov'd, His loyalty he kept, his love, his zeal." , Sir Walter Cope married Dorothy (born 1562), daughter of Richard Grenville, esquire. He erected the celebrated Holland House (then called " Cope's Castle ") at Kensington in 1607, and left it to Henry Rich, Earl of Holland, governor of the company for Providence Islands (Bahamas), etc., who had espoused his daughter, Isabella Cope. Coppin, Sir George, 2. Sub. £60 ; pd. £135. « Of Dunwieh in Norfolk; " M. P. for New Roninev in 1597-98 ; knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603 ; clerk of the crown in chancery. May 3, 1604 ; M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607 ; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. On November 17, 1616, Mr. John Castle wrote to Mr. James Miller, " A thunderbolt hath fallen on the Lord Coke, which hath overthrown him from the very roots. . . . The supersedeas was carried to him the last week by Sir George Coppin, ... he received it with dejection and tears." Sir George Coppin was living July 30, 1618 ; but probably died soon after. " He lies buried in the Church of St. Martin's in the Fields, West- minster, in the South He, under a very handsomely wrought and rich monu- ment." Coppin, Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. He was on a voyage to Virginia, and I think he was the gun- ner of the Mayflower in 1620. Cordell, Thomas, mercer, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £50. Of the E. I. Co. He was lirst cousin to William Cordell, of Fulham, master cook to Queen Eliz- abeth ; "apprenticed to Anthony Hick- man ; admitted 1558 ; warden, 1582 and 1590; master, 1.596, 1605, and 1612, when he died. He was an alder- man of London." (From Mercers' Records.) Cordoba (or Cordova), Don Louis de, related to the Marquis of Guadalcazar, Viceroy of Mexico in 1620. Cornelius, John, goldsniitli, 2. Sub. ; pd. £62 lOs. Of the E. I. Co. CORNWALLIS — CORY ATE 8G3 August 13, IGOl, his wife was buried in St. Mary, Colechurch. '• She lieth be- fore the great Chest next the J uric." (Parish Register.) He married Eliza- beth Butler, full sister to Capt. Na- thaniel Butler. Cornwallis, Sir Charles. Sir Thomas Cornwallis, comptroller of the household of Queen Mary, upon the accession of Elizabeth, being a Roman Catholic, was left out of the Frivy Council, and removed from the comp- troUership. He married Anne, daugh- ter of Sir John Jerniugham, and died December 24, 1604, aged 85, leaving two sons : " Sir William Cornwallis the elder " (of whom hereafter) and Sir Charles Cornwallis, of whom I write, who was knighted at the Char- terhouse, JNIay 11, 1603 ; English am- bassador at the Court of Spain, 1605- 160y ; treasurer of the household of Henry, Prince of Wales, 1610-12; member N. W, P. Co., 1612 ; wrote " A Discourse of the most Illustrious Prince Henry, Late Prince of Wales " iu 1626, which was published in 1641. He died December 21, 1629. He was the father of " Sir William Cornwallis the younger " (whom see). Cornwallis, Sir William the Elder, son of Sir Thomas, and brother to Sir Charles aforesaid. He lived at Highgate, was a near neighbor to Zuiiiga, the Spanish ambassador, and was quite certainly the " William Cornwallis the elder " of the letter. He married, first, Lucy, daughter of John Xevill, Lord Latimer (she was aunt to Capt. George Percy), and secondly, Jane, daughter of Hercules Mewtas, esquire. Frederick Cornwal- lis, his son by his second wife, was aii- cestor to Lord Cornwallis of our Revo- lution. Sir William the elder died November 13, 1611. Cornwallis, Sir ■William the Younger, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. . Son of Sir Charles, aforesaid ; prob- ably the " William Cornwallis " of the letter. He married, August 26, 1595, Catharine daughter of Sir Philip Parker, of Erwarton, Suffolk, who was probably " Madama Catalina " (Span- ish). He was the author and essayist ; dedicated his " Discoui'se upon Seneca, the Tragedian," to Sir John Popham in 1601. The date of his death seems uncertain. Some accounts place it as late as 1631 ; but Chamberlain wrote to Carleton on July 7, 1614, of his recent death. His second son, Thomas, was the commissioner of Maryland, 1638-59. I do not know whether it was Sir William the elder or the younger, who subscribed £75 to the Va. enterprise ; but I suppose it was the younger, as it is his name iu the third charter. One or the other was M. P. for Lostwithiel, 1597-98 ; knighted at Dublin, August 5, 1599 ; M. P. for Orford, 1604-11. It was, of course, " the younger " who was M. P. for Orford iu 1614. Coryate, Thomas. Son of the Rev. George Coryate, rector of Od- combe, Somersetshire, was born about 1577 ; entered at (Gloucester Hall in the university of Oxford in 1596 ; left the university without taking a degree ; became one of the household of Henry, Prince of Wales, and " sweetmeats and Coriat made up the last course of all court entertainments." From May 14 to October 3, 1608, he was traveling in France, Savoy, Italy, etc. He wrote an account of these travels, which was published, under the pat- ronage of Prince Henry, by W. S., in 1611, with engravings by W. Hole, and mock commendatory verses by more than sixty writers of the day. In 1612 he again started on his travels. In 1613, kneeling upon a stone in the midst of the ruins of Troy, he was knighted by the name of the first English knight of Troy. " Coryate no more, but now a knight of Troy, OJconibe no more, but lienceforth England's Joy. Brave Brute of our best English wits commended ; True Trojane from iEiieas race descended. Rise top of wit, the honour of our Nation, And to old Ilium make a new Oration." And this he proceeded to do, for he was as fond of making orations as was Capt. John Smith. He continued his travels to the east- ward, and in 1616, and after, he was with Sir Thsmas Roe in East India. He died at Surat in December, 1617, "leaving enough written to fill the world with new relations and to have made any printer an alderman." Not knowing that he was dead, George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, in his letter to Sir Thomas Roe, of Feb- ruary 19, 1619, « Wishes for Thos. Cor- yat's return to England, because he would report of the furthest eastern 864 CORY ATE — COTTINGTON countries in a better fashion than any Englishman hitherto hath been able. Recommends him to get together all the papers which Coryat hath written. The king blames Coryat for writing- in his memoirs that he saw men have their eyes pulled out and their tongues cut olf, which before an idol were speedily restored again. The king says this cannot be done by the power of Satan, and he is sure it is not by the finger of God." Purchas published some of his writings, and speaks well of him. His narrative is curious and interesting ; but greatly exaggerated. Pie traveled on foot over a large part of Europe and Asia, and signed his letters, " the Hierosolymit an-Syriau- Mesopotamian- Armenian-Median-Par- thian- Persian-Indian Legge-stretcher of Odcomb in Somerset, Thomas Cor- yate." Thomas Coryate and Capt. John Smith were both characters of the time ; both were vain men, and both wrote of countries then unknown to most Englishmen. One wrote of the Old World, the other chiefly of the New ; but Coryate's vanity did no harm. He was proud of his knowledge of Latin, Greek, and the Eastern lan- guages ; he had some right to be ; he was proud of having traveled far on a single pair of shoes, and he ardently wished to walk over the world. He did not come to America ; but would probably have done so, if he could have walked here ; and would have ex- changed brave orations with the learned Indians, as well as Smith. Smith's vanity took a more serious turn, and has done great harm. It has for over 200 years destroyed the truth and the true idea of our earliest history. He was not only vain, but envious ; he took to himself the credit which rightly belonged to others. He cast a stigma on the real founders, and conveyed a selfish, narrow-minded idea of the founding of this country. Coryate wrote of lands and places from personal observation. Smith's descriptions are generally compilations from the writings of others, and fre- quently relate to countries and places whicn he never saw. It is his per- sonal narrative, however, which is most objectionable. Coryate's writings were as well sus- tained as Smith's. Not only Abbot and Purchas thought well of them, but many others. Aubrey goes so far as to say that " he wrote faithfully, mat- ter of fact." Anxong the sixty writers of verses appended to his " Crudities " were Ben Jonsou, Sir John Harring- ton, John Davis of Hereford, Inigo Jones, Chapman, Donne, Drayton, Lionel Crantteld, Laurence Whitaker, etc., and of the fourteen persons to whom he sent his "dntyful respect" from the " Court of the Great MogoU," November 8, 1615, the following ten will be found in this Dictionary, name- ly : Sir Robert Cotton, John Donne, Richard Martin (the lawj'er), Christo- pher Brooke, John Hoskins, George Gerrard, William Hackwell, Ben Jon- son, " Master Doctor Mocket," and Samuel Purchas. Cottington, Sir Francis. A younger son of Philip Cottington, of Godnianston, County Somerset ; born in 1570 ; at an early age received into the household of Sir Edward Stafford as master of the horse. " Stafford recommended him to Sir Robert Cecil, throvigh whose influence he became secretary to Sir Charles Cornwallis in his embassy to Spain in 1005, and on Cornwalliss return in 1G09 he was in- trusted, until about Api"il, 1611, with the sole management of the affairs of England at that Court." Was ap- pointed a clerk of the Privy Council in 1614. On the recall of Digby, in 1616, he was again dispatched to Madrid to represent England at the Court of Spain, which he continued to do until 1621-22, when be obtained the oiKce of secretary to Charles, Prince of Wales. He was created a baronet February 23, 1623 ; and in that year went with Prince Charles on his noted trip to Madrid, which re- sulted in a declaration of war (March 10, 1624) with Spain, and a personal feud between Cottington and Bucking- ham, which lasted so long as Bucking- ham lived. Appointed chancellor and under treasurer of the exchequer, April, 18, 1629. Sent to Spain to nego- tiate a peace in 1629 ; he executed this commission with the greatest credit, and returning to England in the spring of 1631, was on the 10th of July created Baron Cottington of Hau- COTTINGTON — COVELL 865 worth. King Charles authorized liim to exercise the fuuotious of lord high treasurer during his absence in Scut- land, aiul he was made master of the Court of Wards ou the king's return. Appointed one of the commissioners for the plantations in April, 1634. In 1637, as master of the Court of Wards, lie had supervision over Benoni Buck, the first idiot born in Virginia. He was appointed constable of the Tower of London in 1610 ; but in 164:1-42 he resigned his offices and re- tired into private life. In 1644 King Charles made him lord high treasurer, rather an empty honor at that time. His estates were confiscated by Parlia- ment in 1646, and he had fled to Nor- mandy in 1648. Joined Charles II. at The Hague in 1649, where he was sworn of his Privy Council, and sent ambassador to Spain, arriving at Ma- drid in November, 1649, and was dis- missed, after the news of Cromwell's decisive victories in 1650. In 1651, " weary of the world," he joined the Church of Rome, and retired to Yal- ladolid, where he died in 1653, aged 77. (He had been a Catholic at heart for many years.) His nephew and heir, Charles Cottington, Esq., had his remains brought over to England in 1679, and interred in Westminster Abbey, where he erected a stately monument to his memory. Lord Cottington married Anne, daughter of Sir William Meredith, of London, and widow of Sir Robert Brett, but left no surviving issue. His grandnephews, Thomas and Philip Ludwell, came to Virginia, and were men of distinction there. Cotton, Alleine, draper. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £62 10s. Of E. I. and N. W. P. companies. Alderman of London ; sheriff, 1016 ; lord mayor, 1625—26 ; knighted at Whitehall, June 4, 1626. Died September 24 (or December 25), 1628, aged 70 ; buried under a rich and very beautiful monument in the chancel of St. Martin Orgars, in Candlewick ward, London. Cotton, Sir Rowland, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of Alkington. Salop ; eldest son of William Cotton, alderman of London ; was knighted November 13, 1608 ; M. P. Newcastle-under- Lyme, 1609-11 ; Salop, 1626 ; New- castle-under-Lyme, 1628-29. Died in 1034. Fuller si)eaks " of the valor and activity of this most accomplished knight ; so strong, as if he had been nothing but bones ; so nimble, as if he had been nutiiing but sinews." Cotton. Sir Robert. Sub. ; pd. £25. Eldest son of Thomas Cotton of Counington, Huntingdonshire, was born January 22, 1571 ; educated at Cambridge ; B. A., 1585 ; began to collect" manuscripts, coins, etc., in 1588, a pursuit which he continued to follow througliout his life ; joined the Antiquarian Society in 1590 ; M. P. for Newton (I. W.), 1601 ; knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603 ; M. P. for County Huntingdon, 1604-11 ; one of the commissioners on the state of the navy, 1008 ; created a baronet, June 29, 1611 ; induced by Somerset to seek a jDrivate interview with Gondo- mar, 1615 ; he became intimate with that ambassador, and this intimacy re- sulted in his imprisonment, 1615-16 (see Gondomar) ; but the friendship continued. He was M. P. for Old Sarum, 1624^25 ; for Thetford in 1625, and for Castle Rising in 1627-28. He died at Westminster, May 6, 1631, and was buried at Counington. (See S. R. Gardiner's "History of England," 1885, vol. ii. pp. 321-347, for an account of Cotton's negotiations with Gondomar.) Coutts — Cutts, Sir John the Younger, 3. Sub. £75; pd. £75. Of Childerly, Cambridge, son of Sir John Cutts, Sr. ; was knighted at Charter- house, May 11, 1603 ; N. W. P. Co., 1612. M. P. for County Cambridge, 1604-11, 1614, 1621-22, i624r-25, 1625, 1626, and 1640 ; created a baronet June 21, 1600. Died in 1679, s. p., when he must have been aged. Covell, Francis, skinner, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £112 10s. He was buried in the parish church of Alhal- lows. Barking ; the inscription on his monument in the south wall gives a brief outline of his life. "In the He against this place lyeth the Body of Francis Covell, citizen and Skinner of London. He lived in this Parish 52 years, was married to his wife Margery 42 years, had issue by her, Thomas, his only son [see next] . He had borne office in his Company and this Ward, with good reputation ; was in his life religious, peaceable, and charitable. 866 COVELL — Cr.ANFIELD and at liis Death gave Cloatliiii':'- to the poor of this Parish yearly forever. He lived 69 years and rendex'cd his soul iu Peace to God September 7, 1625." Covell, Thomas. Sub. ; pd. . Son of the foregoing ; was a cliurch-warden of Alhallows, Barking ; a member of the N. W. P. Co. He still owned lands in Virginia May 12, 1G39, and in a petition to the English Privy Council represented "that he had been an adventurer to Virginia for thirty years past." Coventrj'-, Thomas, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 lOs. ; pd. £12 10s. Born at Croome d'Abitot, in Worcestershire ia 1578 ; gentleman commoner at Baliol College, 1592-94 ; entered a member of the Inner Temple, a stu- dent in the laws in November, 1594 ; autumn reader of the Inner Temple, IGIG ; recorder of London, November 16, 1616 ; solicitor-general, March 14, and knighted at Theobald's, March 16, 1617 ; treasurer of the Inner Tem- ple ; ordered to execute the office of attorney-general, pending the com- plaints against Yelverton, June 28, 1620; appointed attorney- general, January 11, 1621. He was consulted by the New England Company in re- gard to the renewal of their patent in May and July, 1622, and iu January, 1623. He had joined the Virginia Com- pany of London about 1610 ; but hav- ing failed to pay his subscription his membership was forfeited ; he again joined that company on July 3, 1622 ; was continually consulted during the factions of 1623-24, both by the king and company. Said to have condemned the charter as "an unlimited, vast patent." Was on the Virginia Com- mission of July 15, 1624 ; lord keeper, November 1, 1625 ; created Lord Coventry of Avlesborough, April 10, 1628. Ordered the Massachusetts charter to issue, 1629 ; on the com- mission for jjlantations, April 28, 1634. Died at Durham House, Strand, Lon- don, January 14, 1640. He married, first, Sarah, daughter of Edward Se- bright, Esq., and, secondly, April 10, 1610, Elizabeth, widow of William Pitchford, apothecary, and sister to Samuel Aldersey of the Massachusetts Company. Covert, Sir "Walter, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Knighted 1591; M. P. Sussex, 1586-87 ; Petersfield, 1593 ; Sussex, 1614 and 1626. Coxe. See Cocks. Coyse, William, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £100 ; of North Okeu- den. County Essex ; son of Roger Coyse, Esq., of London, by Joane, daughter of Robert Warren, of London, gent. He married Mary, daughter of Giles Allen, of Haseleigh, Essex, es- quire, and had issue. Crakenthorpe, Rev. Richard. Born in Westmoreland, 1567 ; fellow of Queen's College, Oxford, 1598. In 1603 went over champlain to the Lord Eure, sent ambassador to the King of Denmark and Princes of Ger- many, and here by use he got an easi- ness in the Latin tongue. Became champlain iu ordinary to King James ; rector of Black Notley in Essex, etc. Died in 1624. Cranborne, Viscount. — Robert and William Cecil. Craniield, Lionell, esquire, mer- cer, 3. Sub. ;pd.£3710s. Younger son of Thomas Cranheld, mercer, of London, by Martha, daughter of Vin- cent Randolph ; was baptized at St. Michael's Bassishaw, March 13, 1575 ; bred to mercantile pursuits, was an active and successful man of affairs ; appointed receiver of customs of Dorset and Somerset April 1, 1605. Lodge says his verses prefixed to Coryat's " Crudities " of 1611 "entitles him to the reputation of a smooth ver- sifier." Lieutenant of Dover Castle in July, 1613 ; knighted at Oatlands July 4, 1613, and made surveyor-gen- eral of customs July 26 ; M. C. Va. Co. ; master of the Court of Request, November 20, 1616 ; master of the wardrobe, September 14, 1618; master of the wards, January 15, 1619 ; chief commissioner of the navy, February 12, 1619 ; member Privy Council, January 5, 1620; created Baron Cran- field of Cranfield, Bedford, July 9, \ CRANFIELD — CROFT 867 1621 ; lord treasurer, October 13, 1621 ; Earl of Middlesi'x, Sc-pteniber 16, 1622. Much abused by the Sau- dvs-Ferrar faction of the Va. Co., 1623-24. Drew tlie 13th lot in New England, June 21), 1623. Incurred the enmity of the Duke of iiucking- liani and Prince Charles by murmur- ing at the expense of their journey to Spain, and the duke proceeded to luive him impeached by Parliament. King James protested, told Stenny that he was a fool, and warned Prince Charles that " he would live to have his belly full of Parliament impeachnieuts; and when I shall be dead, you will have too much cause to remember how much you have contributed to the weakening of the crown by the two precedents you are now so fond of ; " but, says Lodge, "the duke's power, supported by the prince's countenance, was grown so great in the two houses, that it was in vain for the king to in- terpose." The Earl of Middlesex was impeached, and fined £50,000, May 13, 1624; but on May 10, 1625, he was released from the fine, and on August 20, 1626, he was granted spe- cial pardon. (See Sir Abram Dawes) He retired to his fine seat of Copt Hall in Essex, where, says Fuller, " he enjoyed himself contentedly, en- tertained his friends bountifully, his neighbors hospitably, and the poor charitably." He died August 6, 1645, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. Crashaw, Rawley, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. He went to Virginia in 1608 ; was a burgess in 1624, when he was living in Elizabeth Cittie and owned 500 acres by patent, between Fox Hill and Pamunkey River. Crashaw, William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Sometimes classed as a Puritan divine and poet; was baptized at Handsworth, October 26, 1572 ; educated at Cambridge ; prebend in the church of Ripon, 1604; preacher at th« Inner Temple, London ; at Church of St. Mary Matfellon, or Whitechapel, London, November 13, 1618; died in 1626. A good scholar, an eloquent preacher and writer, and a strong Protestant. He was the fa- ther of Richard Crashaw the poet and Roman Catholic. Craven, Sir William, merchant- tailor, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £75. Of E. I. Co. ; born at Appletreewick in Burnsale, parish Craven, Yorkshire, about 1548 ; went to Loudon seeking his fortune, and found it there; alder- man of Bishopsgate ward, April 2, 1600, to May 18, 1602 ; of Cord- wainer ward, May 18, 1602, to Jan- uary 15, 1611; of Lime Street ward, from January 15, 1611, to his death, July 18, 1()18 ; sheriff of London, 1601-02 ; knighted at Whitehall, July 26, 1603 ; Lord Mayor of London, 1610-11 ; president of Christ's Hos- pital, 1610-18 ; died July 18, 1618 ; buried at St. Andrew's Undershaft. (See Strype's Stow for his will and numerous charities.) Craven County, North Carolina, is named for his son, the very celebrated William, Earl of Craven. Creswell, Robert. Pd. £12 10s. Crew, Anthony, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Crew, Sir Randolph (1558-1646). M. P. for Saltash in Cornwall, when speaker, 1614 ; sergeant at law, July, 1615; chief justice of the King's Bench, January 26, 162 1. Crispe, Ellis, Salter. Newfound- land Co.; of E. I. and N. W. P. com- panies ; sheriff of London in 1625. The father of Sir Nicholas Crisp, the African trader. Croft, Sir Herbert, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Of Croft Castle, Hereford ; " grandson of Sir James Croft, who suffered severely in the reign of Queen Mary ; " educated at Christ Church College in Oxford ; M. P. for Carmarthenshire in 1588-89; for Here- foidshire in 1592-93; for Launceston, 1597-98 ; for Herefordshire in 1601 ; knighted by James I. at Theobald's, Mav 7, 1603; M. P. for Herefordshire, 1604-11 ; M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607 ; M. P. for Herefordshire in 1614. In February, 1617, he became a monk in the College of English Benedictines at Douay. How long he had been a Romanist I do not know. 868 CROFT — CROMWELL The letter writers of the period say that " he was ruined by the excesses of his wife," and Wood says, " tliat at length full weary of the fooleries and vanities of this world, he retired to Douay in Flanders, and was there re- ceived into the College of Benedictines, where he spent the remainder of his days in strict devotion and religious exercise. At length, after he had macerated his body with fasting, hard- ship, and devotion, he surrendered up his pious soul to the Almighty on April 10, 1622, aged 56." He was tlie father of Dr. Herbert Croft, Bishop of Hereford, a distinguished minister of the Church of England. Froude says his grandfather, Sir James Croft, the controller of the household of Elizabeth, was for a time in the pay of Spain ; and it may be that Sir Herbert Croft was an agent for Philip III. in the Virginia Council and Company. Croftes, Lieutenant, of Captain Bigg's company; probably continued the account of the voyage (1585-86) begun by Biggs. CromTvell, Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of Upwood, County Hunts, third sou of Sir Henry Cromwell, of Hinchinbroke, and brother of Sir Oli- ver. He was M. P. for Huntingdon, 1604-11; died 1630. Cromvirell, Henry, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. The eldest son of Sir Oliver. He was the Colonel Henry Cromwell who took a very ac- tive part for the king, and had his property sequestered; but the Protec- tor (who in the worst of times was a kind and considerate kinsman) had the sequestration discharged July 9, 1649. Colonel Henry Cromwell died Sep- tember 18, 1657, and was interred in the chancel of Ramsey Church. (See Burke's " Vicissitudes of Families.") Cromwell, Sir Oliver, 2. Sub. £75; pd. £75. His grandfather, Sir Richard Williams, eldest son of Mor- gan Williams by his wife, a sister of Thomas Cromwell, Earl of Essex, as- sumed, at the desire of Henry VIIL, the surname of his uncle Cromwell, and tlirough the influence of tliat once powerful relative himself and his family obtained great wealth and sta- tion. Sir Richard married, in 1518, Frances, daughter of Sir Thomas Mur- fiu (or Myrfin), then Lord Mayor of London (her sister, Alice Murfiu, married Sir Andrew Judde, and was the grandmother of Sir Thomas Smythe, the first tx'casurer of the Vir- ginia Company), by whom he was the father of Sir Henry Cromwell, called "the Golden Knight," one of the wealthiest gentlemen of Huntingdon- shire, who married Joan, daughter of Sir Rafe Warren (twice Lord Mayor of London), and had issue, among others. Sir Oliver Cromwell (of whom I write), Henry Cromwell, Robert (the father of the Lord Protector), Eliz- abeth (the mother of John Hampden, the patriot), Frances (the mother of Edward Whalley, the regicide), and Joan, wife of Sir Francis Barington. Oliver Cromwell, of whom I write, was born about 1502-63 ; M. P. for County of Huntingdon in 1588-89, 1592-93, 1597-98, and 1601. April 29, 1599, he stood godfather for his nephew, after- wards tlie Protector. He entertained King James, on his progress to Lon- don, from the evening of April 27 to the morning of April 29, 1603, most famously, at Hinchinbrooke. " There was such plenty and variety of meats, such diversity of wines, and those not riff-ruff, but ever the best of the kind, and the cellars open at any man's pleasure." " Master Cromwell pre- sented his maiestie with many rich and acceptable gifts, as a very great and faire wrought standing Cup of golde, goodly horses, deepe mouthed houndes, divers Hawkes of excellent wing," etc. He was made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King James, July 25, 1603; M. P. for Huntingdonshire, 1604-11 ; M. C. for for Va., 1607; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609. He was master of the game to Henry, Prince of Wales ; M. P. for Hunting- donshire in 1614, 1623-24, and 1625. " At the outbreak of the civil war. Sir Oliver remained not an idle spec- tator, but enrolling himself under the royal banner (against his nephew), raised men, and gave large sums of money to support the king's cause ; " " and when that cause failed he re- tired to Ramsey Abl)ey, and died there August 28, 1655, in his 93d year, impoverished and broken-hearted, but still unshaken in his allegiance." He was buried in Ramsey Church. He CROMWELL — DALE 869 married, first, Elizabeth, daugliter of Sir Thomas Bromley, lord chancel- lor, and, secondly, Anne, widow of the celebrated Sir Horatio Palavicino, but had issue by the first wife only. W. Dugdale wrote to John Lang- ley, from London, September 8, 1655 : ..." Admiral Pen is come back from Jamaica with part of the Navy . . . The Protector hath been very ill the last week, but they say he is now lecovered. His uncle. Sir Oliver Crom- well, is very lately dead by an unhappy accident ; for I hear that he was out in the rain, and after his return, sitting by a good fire without any company iu the room, by some weakness or swoon fell into the fire, aud was so scorched that he died about two days after." Crosley, or Crosby, William, grocer and apothecary, 2, Sub. ; pd. £75. Crosse, Capt. Robert. Knighted at Cadiz, 1596; M. P. Minehead, 1586- 87; Yarmouth, 1592-93, aud Saltash, 16U1; died in 1611. Crowe, John, gent., 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. He patented land in Virginia. Crowe, William. Pd. £12 10s. Cullimore — Culliner — Colmer, etc., Abraham. Pd. £12 10s. Cullimore (or Collymore), James. Pd. £25. Of St. Thomas Apostle, London, merchant ; of the E. I. Co. His son, John Collymore, mercer, mar- ried, in 1604, jNIabel Lovelace, of St. Bride, London, daughter of Sir Wil- liam Lovelace, of the city of Canter- bury. Mabell Lady Cullamore held, four shares in Captain Argall's plan- tation in Virginia, February 12, 161^. Culpeper — Colepepper, Sir Ed- ward, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Of Wakehurst ; knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603. His second son, Wil- liam, was created a baronet by Charles I., September 20, 1628. Culpeper, John, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. He was after- wards knighted. His grandson, Thomas Lord Colepeper, was governor- general of Virginia. Culpepper, Thomas, of "Wigsel, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. . I suppose this to be the Thomas Cole- peper who married a daughter of Sir Stephen Slanoy. His daughter, Eliz- abeth Colepeper, was boru at Wigsale, Surrey, in January, 1601, and mar- ried, iu 1620, Sir Robert Brooke. Lady Elizabeth Brooke was a religious writer of note. Cumberland, Countess of. — Mar- garet Russell. Cumberland, Earl of. — George Clifford. Cunega. See Zuniga. Cutler, Thomas, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . " Tiiomas Cutler, sou of Thomas Cutler, deceased, admitted and sworu a free Brother by Patri- mony, 18 Feb'y, 1601 ; admitted to Livery, 1609." (From Grocers' Rec- ords.) He was the father of Sir John Cutler, the celebrated miser, im- mortalized by Pope, who left his gains to good purposes ; was a benefactor of the Grocers, of the College of Physicians, Gresham College, etc. Cutts. See Coutts. Dabney (Daubeny, etc.), Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. £20. He was prob- ably the brother of Clement Daubigny (the inventor of au engine, to be driven by water, for cutting irou into small bars, licensed December 11, 1618), as the payment to the Va. Co. stands in the names of " Clement and Henry Daubny." Dabney, Clement. See Henry Dabney. Dabney (Daw^beney,etc.), Oliver. " Of London, gentleman ; married Elizabeth Drayner, and left issue." He gave Mr. Richard Hakluyt of the Middle Temple an account of the voy- age of 1536, who related it to his cousiu, the Rev. Richard Hakluyt, of Oxford. Dale, Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £25. Entered the service of the United States of the Low Coun- tries with Essex about the year 1588. In 1595 he was sent by the Provinces into Scotland, where, it seems, he be- came one of the retinue of the infant Prince Henry, and remained with him some years, returning to the Nether- lands probably in 1603. " August 1, 1603, Resolution of tlie States General on the recommenda- tion of the King of France, to com- mission Captain Dale provisionally as captain of the infantry company of Captain Condegrave." "March 29, 1604, Cecil wrote to 870 DALE the English ambassador at The Hague, to inform him of the King's gracious opinion of the merit of Captain Dale, both for having been a valiant and long servitor of Prince Henry's, and for having, for the most part, resided at his own charge." Cecil continues, " His Majesty commanded me to ac- quaint you so much, to the intent, that in the alterations and removes of places among the companies, where he is one, he may be respected, both for his own merit and his Master's (Prince Henry's) recommendation, who is persuaded of his honesty and snfticiency." June 19, 1606, while on a visit to England, he was knighted at Rich- mond by King James as " Sir Thomas Dale of Surrey." In November, 1606, he was stationed in Oudewater, a small city in South Holland, and probably remained in the Low Countries until about the 1st of February, 1611, when he came to England, and entered the service of the Va. Co. of London ; was M. C. for Va. Co., and his acts from that time to June, 1616, belong to the history of that enterprise. On his re- turn, the celebrated John Rolfe wrote both to King James and to Sir Robert Rich, that " Sir Thomas Dale's worth and name in managing the affairs of this Colony, will out last the standing of tliis Plantation." The Rev. Sam- uel Purchas writes of Dale as " that worthy commander, and best estab- lisher of the Virginian Plantation," and he is highly spoken of in the Broadsides of the Council and Com- pany of Virginia. Ralph Hamor wrote in the highest terms of praise of him in 1614 ; but Hamor's name is signed to " A Briefe Declaration," etc., of 1624, which is not complimentary. Marcli 31, 1617, Sir Raphe Winwood wrote from St. Bartholomew's, Lon- don, to Sir Dudley Carleton, ambas- sador in the Netherlands: " My Lord. Sir Thomas Daale hav- inge for many ycares together resided in Virginia, as you know, about the servicte of this kingdome, is now re- turninge into tliose Provinces to his charge, from whence, although hee hath been longer absent then hee had li- cence of the states for his Warrant, yet beeinge a principall num in an em- ployment of such consequence as that was, I assure myselfe you will labour soe effectually for him tliere, that he shall bee noe waye prejudiced thereby. If in any other occasions of his, hee shall stand in neede of your Lordship's favour, I pray you afford it him with much readiness, and give him at all times such countenance, and good re- spect, as you shall thinck fitt for a man of his qualetie and meritt ; whereby you shall not onelye engage a weldeserv- inge gentleman to your service, but purchase the thancks of many others in this state, whoe hold themselves much interested in his future weldoe- inge and advancement. Yo' Ljj" to doe you service. Raphe Winw^ood. " [P. S.] His licence to goe to Vir- ginia was procured by myselfe at my being there, upon a letter from the late Prince Henry." The sickness of his wife prevented Dale from going over to the Nether- lands at this time, and this letter was not sent until October. On the 30th of September, 1617, Dale was among those appl_ying for the command of the fleet of the English East India Company, and on November 1Z8, 1617, he was chosen at a salary of £480 per annum. While the aforesaid applica- tion was pending, the following three letters were written. Sir Thomas Dale to Sir Dudley Carleton, October 18, 1617 : « Right honorable. My absenc out of those provinces hath left nie destytut of ac- qnantce and frends, which makes me loth to truble your lordship with these lyens. So yt is that since 6 yeares has yt pleased the lord treassurer then to Imbark me for the plantation in Ver- gynia and used both his power and prine Henrys for my leave of the lords the states for 5 years. The which my lords the states granted, but they would deteyne my enterteynment to the tyme of my retorne, promising b}^ their apostyll, If I retorned I should have it. M' Secrytarie that now is effected that leave, by order from the prince and the lord Treasurer that then was. At my departure, I marryed a wyfe, expecting my journey shoud not have bin so long as yt happened to be, and sine my coming home I bor- rowed 6 months after my travels for her sake, who then was sickly and so SIR PHILIP SIDNEY DALE 871 hath contynued, and since 3 months her sicknes hath much encreased and now I am afraid to loose her. This is the reason of my so \ong stay here af- ter my aryvall, which may passe for currant with good and honest ims- bands though not with mj lords the states in matter of servyse. Now half a year sins I had a dispach from M' Secrytarie to your honor and ex- pecting every day a fit wynd to have brought me over to have dylyvercd the letters myself I was stayed by the hand of God which hath ever syns lade heavye one my wyfe and yet is the occasion I come not now, by rea- son wherof I mak bould to send tliese letters unto your honer by my brother this bearer, and with all thes rude lynes to entreat your honors favour and assystance unto my lords the states for excuse of my long absence, for I am gyven to understand that my lef- tenaut (who is not the honestest there) doth make means for my company un- derhand, aleaging that I will com no more. Yt is true that at my departure my company was much In debt and I am given to understand my lefteiiant hath not lessened them but rather augmented them, and doth gyve out that the Stattes wyll not pay my En- terteynment for the tyme of my ab- sens, and that the solysiturs have got- ten leave of the lords the Stattes to arrest me at my aryvall, which is straing to me. Now I would entreat your lordship in the Interim of my coming (which I hop shall be in 20 days) your honor would be pleased to make the lords the stattes acquaynted with my casse and the state of my bussynes. The Kings Majestye hath promysed me to wryet to your lord- ship conserning my bussynes to pro- cuer my pay and Mr. Secrytarie wished me to send his first letter over to your lordship, and withall I would entreat your lordship to advyse me of any means I may procuer from this state. M' Secrytarie tells me yt shall be effected before my going over. If your lordship please to take my bussi- nes into your favorall protextion you shall not only bynd a poore Gentyll- man unto you, but many honorable frends of myen wyll gyve your lord- ship thankes and so I commend my servyce unto your honer and rest. Your honers to be commaunded. Thomas Dale. " [P. S.] If I myght be so bould with your lordship, 1 would entreat 2 or 3 words from your lordship for my better adresse in my bussynes." Sir Thomas Dale to Sir Dudlev Carleton, November G, 1617 : " Right honerable. Syns my last unto your Lordship yt hath pleased God to call Mr. Secrytarye to his mercie, bj' whos death, my loss is much in pertycnler, but the generall loss to all honest men is much more, by many he is much lamented, and wyll be myst both in our state and ther wher j'our lordship lyveth, I have syns his death spoken with his Majestye conserning my bussy- nes in those partes, who hath gyven order to Mr. Secrytarie Lakes to com- end my bus.synes unto your Lordship, but as yet I have not my dispach. Now yf yt shall pleas you to geve me any advyse for any means els from hens, I know my frends are such as I shall procure yt to second your lord- ship in my behalf. I must confesse my acquayntance is but smale with your lordship and my desserts lesse, yet yf yt shall please your lordship to favour me and my cause which is just and honest, you shall not only bynd a pour gentelman unto you, but noble frends of myne here wyll gyve your Lordship thankes and so I comend my servyse unto your lordship and rest. Your honers to be commanded. Thomas Dale." (The various documents given in this sketch of Dale have never been printed in full in the L^nited States.) November 11, 1617, King James to Sir Dudley Carleton. James R: " Trusty and welbeloved wee greete you well : Sir Thomas Dale some- time servant to the Prince Henry our Sonne deceased, having a company in the Low Conntreyes, was by him com- manded to attend the plantacion of Virginia, and that he might bee at Liberty so to doe, at the request of our said Sonne, the States (Jenerall gave him leave to bee absent, and that notwithstanding his absence, lie should enjoy fully his pay, and thereof as he informeth us tliere is an apostell extant. Having now left that service he re- turneth to his charge, and because hee is a Gentleman of good meritt, both 872 DALE in that service of Virginia whiles hee attended it, and before in the service of the United Provinces, Wee have thought it reasonable to call upon the States for the performance of that promise which in his favor they made to our said sonne. And do therefor do require you to deale therein effect- ually, both with the Prince Maurice, and with the States Generall, and to procure for his satisfaction the arrear- ages of the time past, and continuance in the said pay and favor with tliem, as he was before his going to Virginia. Wherein wee hope the better of snc- cesse, because tliere is so good reason for tlie ground of our request, as is a promise made to a person of such qual- ity as was the said Prince. " Given at Our Court at Theobalds the lltji of November in the fifteenth yeare of our ralgne of Great Brit- taine." Addressed : " To our trusty and welbeloved Sir Dudley Carleton, Knt., Our Ambassador with the States Gen- erall of the United Provinces." Dale was securing strong indorse- ments; he was not only afraid of being arrested for debt, but the States Gen- eral had sold his company to Captain WlUoughby. He wanted his company or his pay, and probably there were other "bones of contention," and Dale evidently wished to be sixre of his ground before crossing the narrow seas. On December 4, 1G17, Sir Henry Sav- ile wrote by liitn to Carleton, "rec- ommending to Carleton Sir Thomas Dale, a friend of the Earl of South- ampton, who has done good service in the plantation of Virginia." Dale, who went over to the Low Countries him- self soon after the date of this let- ter, also carried letters from the Earl of Southampton (and probably from others) which are now lost, and a long letter from ]\L Noel de Caron (the Dutch ambassador in England) to the States General, which has been pub- lished in the first volume of " Docu- ments relating to the Colonial History of New York." Dale's petition, let- ters, etc., were presented to the States General by Sir Dudley Carleton Janu- ary W, 1G18. These, together with the resolutions thereon (January 16 to Jaimary 30) are also published In the aforesaid volume. On January 30 the States General finally resolved to al- low Dale his full wages during his absence on condition that he would not claim his company of Captain Willoughby. Sir Dudley Carleton, in his address, presenting Dale's petition to the States General, says, " Captain Thomas Dale . . . for the space of some years having command and au- thority for planting a colony of the English Nation in the Country of Vir- ginia, whereof he hath acquitted him- self with reputation and honor to him- self, to his Majesty's satisfaction, and to the publick advantage, inasmuch as by signal patience, diligence, and valor, he overcame divers serious diffi- culties and dangers r nd finally estab- lished a good and permanent settle- ment all along a river navigable for seventy leagues into the interior, and by that means hath preserved it to God, by the exercise of Religion which is introduced there, and to man, by the augmentation of commerce. " Several of the nation, as well Lords as other gentlemen of quality and honor have considerably contrib- uted to this design. But two of our Captains (Sir Thomas Gates and this one of whom I now speak) have pro- moted it more than any other." Soon after receiving his full enter- tainment, £1,000, for tlie whole time of his seven years absence. Sir Tliomas Dale returned to England. While he was absent, on January 16, 1618, King James, to give a more ample authority to the intended voj'age to the P2ast Indies, granted a special commission to " Sir Thomas Dale and Capt. Wil- liam Parker, authorizing the govern- ment of that fleet, as well by common as by martial law : also to seize on the shij)S and merchandize of any others of his subjects who should be found navigating within the company's lim- its without their licence," etc. On the 20th of February 161 1, he made his will, leaving all of his estate to his wife Elizabeth, six days after his fleet of six ships was in the Downs on the way to the East Indies. While he is on the voyage, I will mention some reflections which were being cast upon him at home. February 4, 1618, Sir Dudley Carleton wrote to Secre- tary (Sir Thomas Lake '?) of his suc- cess in obtaining Dale's back pay " in DALE 873 contemplation of his Majesties recom- mendation and of Sir Thomas Dales goode service in Virginia (wherein there is a eomon interest)." Febru- ary 12, Carleton wrote to the Earl of Sontlianipton that " Sir Thomas Dale by whom I receaved your letter, hathe fownde better successe and quicker expedition in his businesse then is or- dinarie witii his masters (The States) in affaires of that nature ; . . . and though goode and due regard wasiiad herein of liis particular merit yet I can assure your Lordship he was not a lit- tle assisted by those recommendations wherewith he came accompanied." March 3, Carleton wrote again from The Hague to Secretary (Lake ?), " Hears that Sir Thomas Dale left the States service the very day of the re- ceipt of his money sans dire adieu, it being given out that he is employed into the East Indies by the King's command. Shall gladly receive some civil excuse, the King's name being interested both in Sir Thomas Dale's good treatment by the States, and in his ill manner of leaving their ser- vice." March 26, Secretary Lake re- plied to Carleton : " Your Lordship wrote to me of late of a fault of Sir Thomas Dale, which his Majesty and all men have condemned in him." This was evident diplomacy ; the Dutch did not wish to establish a precedent for making such back payments, and King James knew that Dale was going to the P^ast Indies. To return to Dale's fleet. On June 20, 1G18, they entered " The Road of Soldania ; " November 19, arrived at Bantam ; December 23, in conjunction with Capt. Martin Pring, made an attack on the Dutch fleet, near the isl- and of Java ; "a cruel bloody fight," each side, it seems, claiming the vic- tory. March 15, 1G19, Dale wrote from Jacatra to the E. I. Co., " should be glad to hear how Virginia pros- pers and his [Dale's] business goes forward there." July 23, 1619, the E. I. Co. wrote from London to Sir Thomas Dale in the East Indies, " with advertisement of tlie peace with the Dutch, and directions to liim to take the command of tlie first fleet that shall be jointly set forth by the English and Dutch of sixteen or twenty griod ships of war to prosecute trade on the coast of Malabar, and endeavour to open and enlarge trade wth the Chinese by the advice of a Council of Defence, himself to be one if not employed at sea," etc. Sir Thomas Dale, with his fleet, ar- rived at Masnlipatam Julv 19, and he died there August 9, 1619, "after twenty days of languishing sickness and many testimonies of good Cluis- tianity, contempt of death, and singular zeal and affection towards the Com- pany's service, and his body was en- closed and housed in form of a tomb." " Whose valor having shined in the Westerne, was set in the Easterne India." In November, 1619 (before liis death was known in England), Sir Ed- win Sandys, at the General Quarter Court of the Va. Co., " recalled to remembrance, how by the admirable care and Diligence of two worthy knights, Sir Tiiomas Gates and Sir Thomas Dale, the publick Estate and Revenue of the Company had been set forward, in a way to great perfection: . . . that Sir Thomas Dale building upon the Foundation [of Sir Thomas Gates] with great care and constant severity, had reclaimed almost mirac- ulously, those idle and dissolute Per- sons, and reduced them to Labour and an honest fashion of life : That pro- ceeding with great Zeal for the good of the Company, he had laid off pub- lick lands, to yield them a Standing Revenue, placed servants thereon, as also upon other publick works, for the Company's use; established an annual Rent of Corn from the farmers, and of Tribute from the Barbarians, together with a great stock of Cattle, Goats, and other animals." Sir Thomas Dale married, in Febru- ary, 1611, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Throckmorton and his wife Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Rleliard Berkeley. Lady Dale was related to the wife of Sir Walter Ralegh, and also to the Berkeleys ; dying in 1640 without issue, she gave to Mrs. Dorothea Throgmorton her lands in Charles Hundred, Virginia, and to the son of Richard Hanbv (Hanbury ?) her lands in Shirley Hundred. One half of her estate in England and Vir- ginia, after the payment of her debts and legacies, she gave to the children of her brother, Sir William Throg- 874 DALE — DAVIS morton, knight and baronet, deceased. She gave her nephew (John) the Lord Viscount Sciidauiore, a ring, valued at sixty pounds sterling." (See Throck- morton pedigree, and William Dale.) Dale, William, grocer. Son of Robert Dale, of Wingle in Prestbury in County Chester, and brother to Roger Dale, of the Inner Temple. He was a warden of the Grocers' Com- pany in 1614, and member of the E. I. Co. He married, in May, 1583, Miss Elizabeth Elliott, of St. Mary Mag- dalen, London, daughter of Thomas Elliott of Surrey, esquire. In 1613 William Dale had a seat at Brigstock in County Northampton. I have reason to believe that he was related to Sir Thomas Dale. Danvers — Davers, Sir John, 3. Sub, £37 10s. ; pd. £25. He w\is the third son of Sir John Danvers by his wife Elizabeth, daughter of John Neville, Lord Latimer (she was sis- ter to the wives of Henry, Earl of Northumberland, Thomas, Earl of Ex- eter, and of Sir William Cornwallis). Born about 1588 ; married, in 1608, Magdalen, daughter of Sir Richard Newport (widow of Richard Herbert, Esq., and mother by him of ten chil- dren, including the noted Edward, Baron Herbert of Cherbury, and George Herbert, the poet), when she is said to have been over forty, and young Danvers under twenty. He was knighted at Whitehall, March 5, 1609; M. P. for Arundel, 1610-11; for Oxford University, 1621-22, 1625, 1626, 1628-29, and 1640; for Newport in 1624-25 ; and for Salisbury, 1645- 53 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1612-20. He was one of the Sandvs faction in the Va. Co., 1622-24. His first wife died in June, 1627. He married, secondly, in July, 1628, and, thirdly, in January, 1649, in his old age. On the special commission for the better plantation of Virginia, June 27, 1631. One of the judges who passed sentence on Charles I. in January, 1649, for which act he has been especially eondeunied because he had served in the household of the king, and had received many favors from him. " The Discovery of New Brittaine ... in Virginia " by Edward, son of John Bland, was dedicated to him in 1650. He was governor of the Bermudas Islands Company in 1651, in which year " A short collection of the Most Remarkable Passages from the Originall to the dissolution of the Vir- ginia Company " written in his iuter- est,*was published. The account in this tract giving to him the credit of having had the copies of the Virginia Records made is certainly inaccurate. The evi- dence that Nicholas Ferrer the young- er had this work done is conclusive. He died in 1655. It is said that he was the first to introduce into England the Italian method of horticulture. Darell — Darrell, Sir Marma- duke, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £50. Knighted in 1603 ; surveyor-general of victuals for the navy, etc. ; built a new church at Fulmere in Bucking- hamshire, which was consecrated by Doctor Barlow, Lord Bishop of Lin- coln, November 1, 1610. Darnelly, Daniel, grocer and apoth- ecary, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £45. Buried in St. Mary Woolchurch Haw, London, May 24, 1623. Dausey, Ralegh. Sub. ; pd. £25. Davies — Davis, Captain James, died at the plantation over against James City, Va., in 1624. Davies. See Dawes. Davis, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Possibly the poet of Hereford ; writing-master and Roman Catholic. Davis — Davys, Captain John. The " lovable John Davis " was born at Sandridge, near Dartmouth, not far from the Gilberts and the Raleghs, about 1550 ; he followed the sea from boyhood ; appears to have made voyages with Adrian Gilbert prior to 1579 ; with Gilbert he is in consultation with Dr. Dee iii 1579-80 and 1583 ; in- terested in the Northwest charter of February 6, 1584. Davys made his first voyage June 7 to September 30, 1585 ; his second Mav 7 to October 6, 1586 ; and his third May 19 to Sep- tember 15, 1587. He published " A Traverse Booke " prior to March 25, 1588, and probably served against the Armada in that year ; was command- DAVIS — DEE 875 in^ a ship about the Azores, waiting for Spanish prizes in 1589 ; in the next year, 1590, he captured a Spanish prize, about which there was some i;ontention ; was on tlie unfortunate voyage of Cavendish from August 2G, 1591, to the summer of 1593 ; pub- lished his " Seaman's Secrets " in 1594, and " The Wurhles Hydrograplii- cal Description," in 1595 ; was prob- ably at Cadiz in 159G and the Azores in 1597, in which Last voyage Sir Arthur Gorges refers to him as " one John Davis, a great navigator reputed" (see Purchas, iv. p. 19G7) ; became a retainer of the Earl of Essex, and at liis suggestion entered the service of the Dutch, and " went as chief pilot to the Zelanders in their voyage to the East Indies," from March 15, 1598, to July 29, IGOO ; chief pilot of the first voyage sent out by the English E. I. Co. from February 13, IGO'l, to September 11, 1603. He sailed with Sir Edward Michelborne for the East Indies December 5, 1G04, and was killed by the Japanese in the Straits of Malacca December 27, 1G05. Davis, Sir John, 2. Sub. ; ])d. £25. Stith gives the name " Sir Thomas," but the Kimbolton MS. has it " Sir John." I can find no '•' Sir Thomas " at that time. I think it was Sir John Davies (1569-1G2G), the poet and attorney-general for Ireland, — the same who had the difficulty with Richard Martin, the lawyer. Dawes, Abram, skinner, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £G2 10s. Of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies ; one of the farmers of the customs to Charles I. ; knighted at Whitehall May 8, 1G33 (then described as " of Putney "), in which year he was a benefactor of Sion College Library and a commis- sioner for Va. ; cojnmissioner for Va. tobacco in 1634 ; for the Caribbee Isl- ands in 1635, and still on the Va. Com- mission in 1638. In August, 1637, at a dinner given at his house, Mr. Bur- lamachi. Sir John Wolstenholme, and others being present, it was unani- mously agreed that no man ever suf- fered for so little as Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex. Dawes died about 1G40 ; his will is dated in 1639. He founded an almshouse in Putney, dedi- cated to the Holy Trinity, and was a benefactor of the Skinners' Company. Dawes, Lancelot, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. (1580-1654) he published several sermons. [This name is given as Davis and Davies ; but I believe him to be tlie Rev. Lancelot Dawes, D. D.] Dawkes, Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Deane, Richard, skinner, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies ; son of George Dean, of Muchdunmowe in Essex. He was for many years an alderman of London ; sheriff in 1619 ; lord mayor in 1628-29 ; knighted at Green- wich, May 31, 1629 ; a benefactor of the Church of St. James, Duke's Place; died in 1635. He was a Puritan, and the uncle or great uncle of Major- General Richard Deane, the I'egicide. Decroe — IDocvria., Benjamin, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. He was a member of and an agent for the Mus- covy Company, also of E. I. and N. W. P. companies. (It was a member of his family, I suppose, who first ad- justed the penny post for London and the suburbs.) Dee, Dr. John. Born July 13, 1627 ; at Cambridge 1542-46. " In May, 1547, he went into the Low Countries to confer with learned men. On his return home he brougiit with him the first astronomer's staff of brass, devised by Gemma Frisius, the two great globes constructed by Ge- rard Mercator," etc. ; M. A., Cam- bridge, 1547 ; on the continent, 1548- 50, intimate with Gerard Mercator ; in England, 1551-62 ; imprisoned by Queen Mary, 1554--55 ; taken into the service of Queen Elizabeth, 1558 ; on the continent, 1562-63 ; in England (save brief absences in 1571 and 1578) from 1564 to 1583. His " Perfect Art of Navigation " was published in 1576 ; had a noted consultation with Sir H. Gilbert, November 6, 1.577 ; was inter- ested in Frobisher's voyages, 1576- 78; was constantly consulted about discoveries of imknowu things in the heavens above and the earth beneath ; was interested in Adrian Gilbert's and John Davis's N. W. charter Februai-y 6, 1584 ; but had left England privately before that date, and was absent on his celebrated European trip from September, 1583, to December, 1589, from which last date he probably re- mained in England to his death at 876 DELAUN — DEQUESTER Mortlake in December, 1608. One of the most remarkable characters of a very remarkable age. Delaun, Gideon, apothecary. Pd. £37 lUs. Of London, and of Shar- sted, Kent, eldest son of William De- laune, a French Protestant pastor and doctor in phisick ; was born at Rheims about 1565 ; accompanied his father to England, and was appointed apothe- cary to Anne of Denmark, queen of James I.; of the N. W. P. Co. in 1612. "March 7, 1613, grant by Wm. Se- gar, garter king-at-arms, to Gideon Lauuey, the king's servant, and his brothers, sons of Dr. Wm. Launey, who died in London in 1610, of the arms of the family of Launey, of Bel- mesnil, in Xormandy, from which they are descended." In 1617 the Apothe- caries were first incorporated as a sep- arate and distinct company from the Grocers, it is said, at the special suit of Gideon Delaune, who was a member of the first court of assistants of the company ; junior warden in 1624 ; senior warden in 1627 ; and master of the company in 1637. He may not have been the first pill-maker, but he was the originator of a long famous pill. February 19, 1623, he transferred two shares of his lands in Virginia to his son Abraham. He was also a member of the E. I. and S. I. com- ipanies ; died in 1659, aged 94. He •married Judith, daugliter of Henry Chamberleine, of London, gent., and his son Abraham married Anne, daughter of Sir Pdehard Sandys, of Northbourne Court, Kent. De la "Warr, Lord. — Thomas West. Delbridge, John, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Merchant of Barnstaple ; member of the E. I. Co., N. W. P. Co., etc. ; was M. P. for Barnstaple, 1614, 1621-22, 1624-25, 1625, 1626, and 1628-29. We find his ships making trading and fishing voyages to Vir- ginia, the Bermudas, and New England. He was called " The Free Trader." In 1619 he patented lands in Virginia, and petitioned the Virginia Company " that for the defraying somewhat of his charges in settling his plantation, that he might be admitted to fish at Cape Cod," which retjuest was opposed by Sir Ferdinando Gorges, " aleaginge that he always favored Mr. Delbridge, but in this he thought himself some- thing touched that he should sue to this company, and not rather to him, as proplie belonging to the Nortli Colony," etc. He received a patent for lands in New England November 26, 1632. '//i^£j^m Denmark. See Christian IV. Dennis, Sir Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £105. Of Bicton and Holcombe, Devon, grandson of Sir Thomas Den- nys (M. P. for Devon, 1529, with whom he is often confused) ; was born about 1559 ; knighted by Robert, Earl of Leicester, in Holland in 1586 ; M. P. for Devon, 1593 ; died in 1613. He married Anne, daughter of William Powlet, Marquis of Winchester, and left two daughters, co-heirs, Anne, who married Sir Henry Rolle, to whom he gave Biston, and Margaret, who mar- ried Sir Arthur Manwaring, to whom he gaA^e Holcombe. Denny, Ed-ward Lord, 3. Sub. ; pd. £13 6s. 8d. Born August 14, 1569 ; M. P. Liskeard, 1586-87 ; knighted in 1587 ; M. P. for Tregony, 1597-98 ; sheriff of Hertfordshire, 1603; M. P. Essex, March 19 to October 27, 1604 ; created Baron Denny of Wal- tham, October 27, 1604 ; Earl of Nor- wich, October 17, 1626 ; died in 1630 without male issue. He married Mary, daughter of tlie first Earl of Exeter. Denton, Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £37 10s. Only son of Alex- ander Denton, Esq. ; was of Hillers- down or Hillesdon, Countj' Bucks; born about 1556 ; sheriff of Bucks, 1599 ; knighted, 1603 ; M. P. for Bucking- ham town, 1604-11, 1614, 1621-22, 1624-25, and 1628-29 ; for County Bucks, 1625 ; died in September, 1633. Dequester — de Quester, Mat- thew, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £87 10s. Born about 1559. " October 29, 1604, grant to Matt, de Quester, on surrender of Silvester Brooke, of the office of one of the King's post, for be- yond seas, for life." January t 1, 1608, grant to "Matt, de Quester of the office of a Post, for life." There was a long DERMER — DIGBY 877 law plea between this postmaster of England for foreign parts and Lord Stanhope, the English chief postmas- ter, which was settled in 1G32. In 1G33 Deqnester was an esquire to King Charles I., being then aged 74. Dermer — Darmer — Dormer, Master. Made a voyage to New England in 1615. I think that he was the Capt. Thomas Dormer who was iu Newfoundland in 1616, where he prob- ably remained nntil late in 1618. He was confident that there was a passage to the South Sea through America. In 1619 he made another voyage to the New England coast, and in 16:20 he was in Virginia. July 10, 1621, there was read before the Virginia Company of London a relation of " Mr. Dim- mer's discoveries from Cape Charles to Cape Cod, up Delaware river and Hudson's river, being but twenty or thirty leagues from our plantation, and within our limiLs, within which rivers were found divers ships of Amsterdam and Home," etc. D'Evereux, Robert, Earl of Es- sex. Born in November, 1567 ; serv- ing in the Netherlands, 1587 ; in Por- tugal, 1589 ; with Henry of Navarre, 1591 ; at Cadiz, 1596 ; at the Azores, 1597 ; lord lieutenant of Ireland, 1599; troubles with the queen, 1598-1600 ; "The Rising," February 8, 1601; tried 19, and executed February 25, 1601 ; " the incomparable Essex. ' ' He was the son of Walter, Earl of Essex, by his wife, Lettice Knolles ; he married, in 1590, Frances, daughter of Walsinghani and widow of Sir Philip Sidney. Devonshire, Earl of. — William Cavendish. Dexter, Captain, 2. Sub. ; pd. . (Capt. Ralph Dexter, engineer at the Siege of Ostend in 1601 ?) Dichfield, Edward, Salter, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £68 15s. On tlie Va. Commission of July 15, 16.4 ; in the same year on the commission for searching and sealing tobacco, and also in 1634. He resided in the parish of St. Mary Woolcluuch, London, where the births and deaths of his children are registered. His daughter Sara, born April 26, 1612, married Francis Meade, of London, Salter. Dichfield, Richard. Pd. £25. Digby, Sfr John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Son of Sir George Digby by liis wife, Abigail, daughter of Sir Arthur Henningham, of Ketteringham; was born at Coleshill, Warwickshire, in February, 1580, and entered Oxford University in 1595. " Being sent by the Lord Harrington to intimate to the king the designed insurrection of the gunpowder conspirators, he was admitted a gentleman of the Privy Chamber and one of the king's carvers in 1605." Knighted at Whitehall, May 14, 1606 ; M. P. for Heydon, 1610-11 ; ambassador to the Court of Spain, April, 1611, to January, 1616. (However he was in England Jan- uary to September, 1614.) While in Spain, he guarded faithfully the inter- ests of the English colonies in Amer- ica. He was a member of the N. W. P. Co., July 26, 1612, and was ad- mitted free into the E. I. Co. in Sep- tember, 1614 ; appointed vice-cham- berlain of the household, and sworn of the Privy Council, April 3, 1616. Sherborne was bestowed on him about October, 1616. Commissioned to treat of a marriage between Prince Charles and the Infanta Maria of Spain, April 16, 1617 ; went to Spain in July, 1617, and upon his return was created Baron Digby of Sherborne in the county of Dorset, November 25, 1618 ; ambas- sador to the Archduke Albert in March, 1621, and in May, 1621, to the Emperor Ferdinand, and the Duke of Bavaria on the business of the Palati- nate. In March, 1622, he was again sent ambassador extraordinary to Spain to treat of the marriage and an alli- ance, and on September 15, 1622, was created Earl of Bristol. He finally left tha Spanish Court, after the mar- riage negotiation liad come to grief, in January, 1624. His differences with the Duke of Buckingham may be seen in the history of the times. Not summoned to second Parliament of Charles I., February, 1626 ; com- plained, was summoned, but ordered to keep on his estates, March ; appealed again ; impeached by the king, May 1 ; impeached Buckingham, May ; committed to the Tower, Jime 15, 1626. One of the commissioners to treat with the Scots, September, 1640; member of the Long Parliament, No- vember, 1640 ; committed to the Tow- er, March 28, 1642 ; released in a few 878 DIGBY — DIGGES days; went to the king at York, April; attended the king at Edgehill and Oxford in October, 1642 ; retired to France at the close of the civil war ; died at Paris, January 16, 1653-54. "The Earl of Bristol was one of the most accomplished ministers, as well as one of the most estimable characters of his time. A very hand- some man ; of a grave aspect ; of a presence that drew respect, and of long experience in affairs of great importance." Old Fuller says, " The worst I wish such who causelessly suspect him of Popish inclinations is, that I may hear from them but halt so many strong arguments for the Protestant religion, as I have heard from him, who was, to his commendation, a cordial champion for the Church of England." Digges, Sir Dudley, 2. Sub. £75; pd. £37 10s. Son of Thomas Diggs and his wife, Anne St. Leger (see St. Leger pedigree) ; born in 1583 ; en- tered Oxford University in 1598. His tutor was George Abbot, afterwards Archbishop of Canterburj'. Took his degree in 1601 ; wrote a treatise " Of the worthinesse of Warre and war- riors," published in 1604 ; licensed to travel for three years, April 6, 1604 ; knighted at Whitehall, April 29, 1607; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. He aided in sending Henry Hudson to the Northwest (April 17, 1610), and Cape Digges and Digges Hand were named for him ; was M. P. for Tewkesbury, 1610-11. On the 4th of December, 1611, Chamberlain wrote to Carleton : " Sir Dudley Diggs, a great undertaker of this new discov- ery of the North West Passage, thinks of nothing else : they are preparing ships against spring as if there were no donbt nor difficulty in the matter, and the Prince of Wales is become a partner and Protector." Chamberlain rigain wrote to Carleton, March 11, 1612: "There is a little treatise of tlie North W^est Passage, written by Sir Dudley Digges ; but I may say beatus qui intelUgh, especially the first period, which is but a bad beginning to stumble at the threshold. Some of his good friends say he had better have given five hundred pounds tlian pub- lished such a pamphlet ; but he is wonderfully possessed with the opinion and hopes of that passage." Sir Dud- ley's sons, Thomas and John Digges, were both members of the Va. Co. of London in March, 1612. In April, 1612, the ships for the Northwest discovery sailed under Capt. Thomas Button, Master Francis Nelson, etc. July 26, 1612, the North West Passage Company was incorporated with Sir Dudley Digges as one of the first di- rectors. He was one of those who purchased the Bermudas Islands from the Va. Co., November 25, 1612 ; was a member of the Rus. or JNIus. Co., and a leading member of the E. I. Co. ; was one of those who sent out Capt. Benjamin Joseph with seven vessels to Spitzbergen in May, 1613. Digges his hundred was planted in Virginia about 1613 ; July 5, 1614, was one of the nominees for governor of the E. I. Co., but Sir Thomas Smythe was elected. M. P. for Tewkesbury in 1614; joined his copartners in resigning the Bermudas to the crown, November 23, 1614. Early in 1615 appeared a tract called " The Trade's Increase," "some points in which were very near trea- son and all the rest very dangerous." Februarj' 22, 1615, at a meeting of the E. I. Co., Sir Dudley said a book should be set forth in defense of the East India trade, wliich had been attacked in the said tract. And afterwards Sir Dudley " replied in a masterly manner, in the same year, in a trea- tise entitled ' The Defense of Trade,' inscribed to his kinsman Sir Thomas Smythe, the governor of the East India Company." He aided in send- ing the voyage for the discovery of the Northwest passage which sailed in March, 1615. (William Baffin wrote an account of this voyage.) Was a jnember of the Bermudas Com- pany, June 29, 1615. In 1616 he aided in sending out another voyage on Northwest discoveries, in which another cape was named for him in "Latitude 76 degrees, 35 minutes." " He acquired the manor and castle of Chilham in Kent, by marriage and purchase, where about the year 1616 he erected a magnificent edifice for his residence." We find him constantly in- terested in Virginia, willing to advance the enterprise by lotteries or by reli- gion. He was ambassador to Russia, DIGGES 879 April to October, 1618 ; one of the eomniissiouers in settling a treaty be- tween the English and Dutch concern- ing the trade into the East Indies, January to June, 1G19 ; one of the coinniittee of the Va. Co. of London for compiling and reducing tiie stand- ing rules and orders for the govern- ment of the Va. Co. into one entire body, as more especially for constitut- ing laws, etc. (The result of their labor is reprinted in Force, iii.) He was also in 1619 one of the committee " concerning the coUedge in Virginia, being a waighty busines, and so greate that an Account of their proceedings therein must be given to the State." Sir Dudley Carleton, writing to Chamberlain from " The Hague, Jan- uary 29, 1620," "prays him to show Sir Dudley Diggs the writer's Vir- ginia Papers, then return them to Carleton, letting him know when there is a passage to Virginia, for he has com- passion of poor Forie being hunger- starved for news and wishes to send him a letter." (Quere : Where are Carleton' s Vir- ginia papers now ?) Sir Dudley Digges patented lands in Virginia in 1620 ; was a M. C. for the X. E. Co., November 3, 1620. He was in Holland with Morris Abbot, settling differences between the Eng- lish and Dutch East India companies, November, 1620, to February, 1621 ; M. P. for Tewkesbury, 1621-22 ; one of commissioners in Ireland, March to October, 1622. In December, 1622, he was " following the court hard, and was in hope somewhat would fall to his lot ; but for aught we see yet, the poor gentleman seems in the sand." M. P. for Tewkesbury in 1624-25, in 1625, and in 1626 ; one of the com- missioners to conduct the impeach- ment of Buckingham, May 3, 1626 ; was sent to the Tower, May 10 or 11, 1626, but was released within a few days ; was again imprisoned for a few weeks in 1627 ; M. P. for the county of Kent, 1628-29. In 1629 he was mentioned as a " late commissioner for Virginia ; " granted the reversion of master of the rolls, November 17, 1630 ; entered Gray's Inn bencher, 1630 ; master in chancery, January 22, 1631. May 24, 1631, Attorney- general Heath was instructed to pre- pare a bill appointing many, including Sir Dudley Digges, commissioners for advising upon some course for estab- lishing the advancement of the planta- tion of Virginia. This bill was pre- pared, and was signed by King Charles on June 27, 1631. He was appointed one of the com- missioners for Virginia tobacco, June 19, 1634 ; was master of the rolls, April 18, 1636 ; spoken of as one of the committee in organizing the pro- posed English West India Company in 1637. He died March 18, 1639, and was buried at Chilham near Canterbury. " An accomplished scholar, traveler, statesman, and author, a patriotic member of Parliament, and a princely merchant; his understanding iew could equal ; his virtues fewer would y and the wisest men reckoned liis death among the public calamities of those times." He married Mary, youngest daugh- ter and co-heir of Sir Thomas Kenipe of Olantigh, by whom he left eight sons and three daughters. The oldest son, Thomas, succeeded to Chilham, and married Mary, daughter of Sir Maurice Abbot. Edward, another son, settled in Virginia ; was a member of the council ; governor of the colony in 1656 ; died March 15, 1676, and was buried in the old churchyard at Bell- field about eight miles from Williams- burg on James River. Digges, John, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Faversham, second son of Sir Dudley. Digges, Thomas, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Chilham Castle, eldest sou of Sir Dudley. His son, Sir Maurice, was created a baronet March 6, 1666 Digges, Thomas. The celebrated mathematician ; born in Kent ; entered Cambridge, 1546 ; B. A., 1551 ; M. A., 1557 ; intimate with Dr. John Dee ; M. P. for Wallingford, 1572-83, and for the town of Southampton, 1584-85. Muster-master-general of the English forces in the Netherlands, 1586-94. Interested in Antarctic discoveries about 1590. " Died in London August 24, 1595, and was buried in the chan- cel of the church of St. Mary, Alder- nianbury, where a monument was erected to his memory, with an inscrip- tion which describes him as ' a man zealously aifected to true religion, 880 DIKE — DRAKE wise, discreete, courteous, faithfull to his friends, and of rare knowledge in geometrie, astrologie, and other math- ematical sciences.' " He married Anne, daughter of Sir Warham St. Leger (see pedigree), who, surviving him, died in 1636, aged 81. They had issue, two sons and two daughters, namely, Sir Dudley (aforesaid), Leonard (1588- 1635), the poet, Margaret, the wife of Sir Anthony Palmer, and Ursula. Dike. See Dyke. Diugley, John, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Died 16'J6. (See will in " New England Register," January, 1888, p. 73.) Dobson, William, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Born 1572; of St. Andrew, Holborn ; married, sec- ondly, in 1605, Alice, daughter of Ed- ward Barnes, mercer, of St. Mary Magdalen, Milk Street, London, He was " Clerk of the Statutes and Recog- nizances taken before the chief jus- tices, the Mayor of the Staple, and the Recorder of London." Doderidge, John, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £25. An eminent law- yer, a member of the Society of the Middle Temple, author of various pro- fessional works, etc. He was probably born at Barnstaple in 1555 ; entered Exeter College, Oxford, 1572 ; Bach- elor of Arts, February 15, 1577 ; en- tered the Middle Temple ; member of the Society of Antiquaries ; sergeant at law, January, 1604 ; Prince Henry's sergeant; solicitor- general, October 28, 1604 ; M. P. for Horsham, Sus- sex, 1604-11 ; M. C. for Ya., 1606 ; principal serjeant at law to the king, June, 1607 ; knighted at Whitehall, July 5, 1607 ; member of the New- foundland Company, 1610 ; justice of the King's Bench, November 25, 1612 ; Master of Arts, Oxford, February 4, 1614. Died near Egham, Surrey, September 13, 1628, in the seventy- third year of his age, and " was in- terred under a stately tomb in Our Lady's Chapel in Exeter Cathedral." He was married three times, but left no issue. Among his ptiblished works are, "The Compleat Parson," "The Lawyer's Light," " The English Law- yer," " Law of Nobility and Peerage," etc. Fuller says, "he was commonly called, ' the sleeping judge,' because he would sit on the bench with his eyes shut, which was only a posture of at- tention, to sequester his sight from distracting objects, tlie better to listen to what was alleged and proved." " His soul consisted of two essentials, ability and integrity, holding the Scale of Justice with so steady an hand, that neither love nor lucre, fear or flattery, could bow him on cither side." Doncaster, Viscount. — James Hay. Donne, John. Born in 1573 ; with Essex at Cadiz, 1596, and the Azores, 1597 ; married Anne, daughter of Sir George More, about Christmas, 1600 ; persuaded to enter the church by King James in 1614 ; in February, 1615, Lord Carew writes, " Mr. John Dun is a Minister, the King's Chaplaine, and a Doctor of Divinite." In 1621 dean of St. Paul's ; joined the Virginia Company of London May 22, 1622, and preached the sermon before the company on the 13th of November following, on the text. Acts i. 8. He died on March 31, 1631, and was buried in St. Paul's Cathedial. An eminent wit, poet, author, and divine. His son, George Donne, was marshal of Vir- ginia, 1637-40, and wrote " Virginia Reviewed," addressed to King Charles 1. He descended from Judge Rastall, whose brother came to America iu 1536. Dorchester, Viscount. — Dudley Carleton. Dorset, Earl of. — Edward, Rich- ard, and Thomas Sackville. DoAvnes, John, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Drake, Sir Bernard. Naval com- mander ; eldest son of John Drake, of Ashe (whose sister Johanna was first wife to Walter Ralegh, of Fardell),by his wife Amy, daughter of Sir Roger Grenville, of Stowe. On his return from Newfoundland, for his services there, he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth January 9, 1586, at Green- wich. While on this voyage he prob- ably visited Monhegan (N. E.). He died April 10, 1586. Drake, Sir Francis. Probably the son of Robert, third son of the last John Drake of Otterton, by his wife, Agnes Kelloway. The date of his birth is variously given from 1539 to 1545 inclusive. Probably born at Crown- dale, near Tavistock, Devonshire ; ROBERT SIDNEY Fir.^t Earl of Leicester DRAKE — DRAYTON 881 uamed for his godfather, Francis Rus- sell, afterwards second P^arl of Bed- ford. " He took to the sea " at an early age ; " at eighteene yeares of age he was made a pursei of a ship to Biscay ; at twenty yeares of age he went to (iuynea;" made a voyage to the West Indies in 1565 ; with Hawkins in 15G7-G8. In 1570 he registered as a Plymouth freeman, and made his third voyage to the West Indies ; made his fourth voyage in 1571 ; and his fifth in 1572-73, when he " the first of known Englishmen " saw the great " South Sea." Served in Ireland under Wal- ter, Earl of Essex, 1573-70. Under the patronage of Sir Christopher Hat- ton ; on his famous voyage around the world, December, 1577-Septem- ber, 1580 ; knighted by Queen Eliza- beth on board his ship the Golden Hind, April 4, 1581 ; mayor of Plym- outh, 1582 ; interested in Fenton's voyage, 1582-83 ; M. P. for Bossiney, 1 584-85, and served on the committee for confirming Ralegh's patent ; on the celebrated voyage to America, September, 1585, to Jidy, 1586 ; went to the Netherlands in November, 1586 ; on the voyage " to synge the King of Spaine hys beard," April-June, 1587. He was a friend to Rev. John Fox, the martyrologist ; served against the Armada, 1588 ; in the Portugal expe- dition, 1589 ; brought water to Plym- outh from the River Measy, under contract, from December, 1590, to April, 1591 ; builded six mills, 1591 ; M. P. for Plymouth, 1593 ; sailed on his last and fatal voyage to the W'est Indies, August 27, 1595. Died near Porto Bello, January 28, 1596, " and being coffined was cast into the Sea " (the Gulf of Mexico). "The Starres above will make thee knowne, if men here silent were, The Siinne hlmselfe cannot forget his fellow travailler." He was twice married, " yet he him- self and ten of his brethren died with- out issue." "He made his youngest brother, Thomas, his heir, who was with him in most and chiefest of his imployments." Drake, George. This may be George Drake, of Spratshays in Little- hain, Devonshire, whose daughter mar- ried Sir John Popham's nephew, Henry Ford, brother to John Ford, the drama- tist, and father of Sir Henry Ford. Drake, John, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Of Mount Drake and Ashe, Devon ; son of Sir Bernard Drake (whom see) ; is thought to be the person of that name who sailed around the world with his kinsman (1577-80), and won the chain of gold for first sighting the " Cacaf uego," on March 1, 1579, off Cape Francisco, South America, and who commanded the Francis, in Fenton's voyage of 1582, when the vessel was cast away near the River of Plate, South Amer- ica ; but he escaped, lived with the Spaniards in those parts, " and finally returned to England. No. 724 of the Sale Catalogue of the late James Car- son Brevoort is the report of his ex- amination before the tribunal of the Inquisition in Lima, Peru. M. P. De- von, 1014, 1021-1^2, and 1624-25 ; of the N. E. Council, November 3, 1620; died in 1628. Drake, Captain Thomas. The only one of Sir Francis Drake's broth- ers who left issue. He married Eliz- abeth , and died April 4, 1606, leaving a daughter Elizabeth, wife of John Bamfield, Esq., and a son Francis (named for his uncle and godfather), who was created a baronet August 2, 1022. Draper, Thomas, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £87 10s. Of Lincoln's Inn, gent.; he died in 1611, and Avas buried in the old church at Islington. He married Sarah, daughter of Roger James of Holland ; she married, secondly, Sir Nicholas Kempe, and died in 1050. Draper, Sara. Pd. £12 10s. (See Thomas Draper.) Drawfield — Drausfield, Avery, grocer, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £l;5. Also of the E. I. and N. W. P. com- panies. He died in 1014. Drayton, Michael, 1503-1631. The poet of " The Virginian Voyage " was born within a few miles of AVil- liam Shakespeare, .md buried within fewer paces of Geoffrey Chaucer and Edmund Spenser. His brow is crowned with laurel, " A])ollo's sacred tree," iu his portrait and on his monument. 882 DREWllY — DUDLEY Drewry — Drury, Sir Drew, the Elder, 2. Sub. ; pd. £75. Of Riddlesworth, Norfolk ; born iiboiit 153'i ; gentleman usher of the privy chamber to Queen Elizabeth ; sherilf of Norfolk in 157G ; was knighted at Waustead in Essex in September, 1579. Fuller says, " He was joined in commission with Sir Amias Paulet to keep Mary, Queen of Scots ; and dis- charged his dangerous trust therein. It moveth me not, that I find both these knights branded for puritans ; being confident that nickname, in rela- tion to them both, was first pronounced tliroiigh a popish mouth, causelessly offended at their religion." He died in the spring of 1617. He married, first, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Philip Calthorpe, by Amata Boleyn, his wife, aunt to Queen Aune Boleyn, and, sec- ondly, Catherine, only daughter and heir of William Finch, Esq., of Lynsted in Kent. By the latter he had issue. Drewry — Drury, Sir Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £10. Born about 157-3 ; knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603 ; M. P. for Suffolk, 1601-11. He spent a part of the summer of 1605 in Flanders. M. C. for Va. Co., 1609. He was a patron of Rev. Joseph Hall, rector of Halstead in Suffolk, in 1607, and also of the celebrated Dr. John Donne, to whom he gave apartments at his own house in Drury Lane. July 2, 1611, he obtained license to travel for three years with his wife and family, and on December 4, 1611, Chamberlain writes, that " they are already settled at Amiens and with them John Donne." At the end of three years he returned to England. Was M. P. for Eye in 1614 ; died April 2, 1615, leaving his three sisters his heirs ; " only he gave away his land in Drury Lane to Sir Henry Drury," etc. His three sisters were, Frances, married, first. Sir Nicholas Clifford, and, secondly, Sir AVilllam Wray ; Elizabeth, married AVilliam Cecil, son and heir of Thomas, Earl of Exeter (she died February 26, 1654, aged about 80) ; and Diana, who married Sir Edward Cecil, Viscount Wimbledon, etc. Druerdent — Durdent, Philip, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Dudley, Robert, Earl of Leicester, etc. Born in 1532 or 1533 ; mar- ried Amy Robsart June 4, 1550 ; pro- claimed Lady Jane Grey Queen of England in July, 1553 ; condemned to death as a traitor, January, 1554 ; pardoned, Easter, 1555 ; served at battle of St. Quentin, 1557 ; master of the horse to Queen Elizabeth, 1558 ; Knight of the Garter and sworn of the Privy Council, 1559 ; the great favorite of Queen Elizabeth ; a patron of the trade with Russia ; sudden death of his wife at Cuinnor, 1560 ; created Baron Denbigh, Earl of Leicester, and elected a chancellor of Oxford Uni- versity in 1564 ; interested in the voyages of Capt. John Hawkins, 1564-68 ; secretly married Lady Douglas Howard in 1573 ; received Queen Elizabeth at Kenil worth in Jnly, 1575 ; married Lettice, widow of Walter, Earl of Essex, 1578 ; inter- ested in the voyages of Forbisher, 1576-78, and of Fenton, 1582-83 ; captain -general of the expedition to the Netherlands, December, 1585 ; sent again, 1587 ; generalissimo of army raised against Spaniards, 1588 ; died at Cornbury Park, Oxfordshire, September 4, 1588. He was greatly interested in pushing abroad the com- merce of England. Dudley, Sir Robert, son of the Earl of Leicester, by Lady Douglas Howard, was born in 1573 ; made a voyage to the West Indies, November, 1594, to May, 1595. The voyage of Master Benjamin Wood to the East Indies in 1596 was set forth chiefly at his charges ; knighted by Essex at Cadiz in 1596. Failing to establish his legitimacy he left England in 1605, and "took up his abode in the terri- tories of the Grand Duke of Tuscany," and died near Florence in 1639. His first wife was a sister to Thomas Cav- endish, the circumnavigator ; his sec- ond, Alice, daughter of Sir Thomas Leigh, Bart., of Stoneleigh. He was •' the first of all that taught a dog to sit in order to catch partridges.'' " He spent forty years of his life, and the treasures of a vast income, upon the accumulation of authentic material for the illustration of his cherished subjects, ' Hydrography and Naviga- tion,' " and at least a part of the fruit of this labor is given in his " Arcano del Mare," fii-st published in 1646. DUNBAR — EDMONDS 883 Duubar, Earl of. — Ceorj^e Hume. Buncombe, Mr. (Edward). Of Baltlesden, l^edfordshiie ; ^1. P. for Tavistock, KJOl-ll and 1G14. Dunn, Sir Daniel, draper, 2. Sub. ; pd. ■. Son of Robert Dunne, citizen and draper of London ; was educated at Oxford, wbere he took the degree of D. C. L., July '20, 1580 ; M. P. Taunton, IGOl ; knighted July 23, 1603 ; M. P. Oxford University, 1601-11 and 1614 ; was master of the Requests, dean of the Arches, and judge of the Admiralty Court ; died September 15, 1617. Dunn, William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £2.5. Probably William Dunn, Doctor of Phisick, brother of Sir Daniel. Duppa, James, brewer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . " Dwelling in Saint Catharine's, near the Tower of Lon- don." He sent out a voyage to Cherry Island in 1607. He married Anne, daughter of Sir Roger Jones, and one of his daughters was named Lucretia. Duppa, Jeffery, brewer, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £50. "The King's Brewer of Holdenby." (The cele- brated Bishop Duppa was the son of Jeffery and Lucretia Duppa. Was he a brother to the brewers of the Vir- ginia Company ?) Durette — Durant, Philip, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Huguenot ; buried in the Parish of St. Mary Woolchurch Haw, April 15, 1619. Dye, Roger, haberdasher, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Also of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies. Dyer, Ed-wrard. Interested in Fro- bisher's voyages, 1576-78 ; knighted (1596) and appointed chancellor of the Order of the Garter ; a friend of Essex ; a poet. He was buried at St. Saviour's, Southwark, May 11, 1607. Dyke — Dike, John, fishmonger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £.30. Third son of Thomas Dyke, of Yorkshire ; a member of the E. I. Co. ; on the Va. Commission of July 15, 1624. Dyke, Thomas. Sub. £37 10s. Elder brother of the foregoing John. He died in 1615, leaving his adven- tures in the East Indies, Virginia, and Somers Islands to his five sons. In 1620 his sons John and Thomas held £.50 aud £25, respectively, of paid-up stock in the Virginia Company. Dyot, Anthony, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £25. Of Lichfield, barrister at law ; recorder of Tam- worth ; M. P. Lichfield, 1601 aud 1604-11. Dyot, Richard, esquire, son of the above Anthony ; was born in 1590 ; M. P. Stafford, 1621-22 and 1624-25 ; Lichfield, 1627-L8, and 1640 ; recorder of Stafford and of the Privy Council to Charles I. at York ; was knighted at Dublin, September 13, 1635 ; died March 8, 1659, aged 69. Eden, Richard. Born about 1521 ; at Cambridge, 1535—44 ; was j)rivate secretary to Sir William Cecil, 1552 ; published a translation of "JMunstcr's Cosmography" in 1553, "The De- cades of the Newe Worlde, or W^est India," in 1555. He published sev- eral other translations of travel.'*, works on navigation, etc. ; was on the conti- nent mostly from 1562 to 1573. He died in 1576. Edgecombe, Piers. " Eldest son of Sir Richard ; was born in 1536 ; sheriif of Devon in 1566 ; ]M. P. for Cornwall, 1562-63, 1572, 1588, and 1592 ; and for Liskeard borough, 1584 and 1586. He died in 1607." His son. Sir Richard Edgecombe, was a member of the King's Council for New England in 1620. Ancestor of the present Earl of Mount-Edgcumbo. Edmonds, Sir Thomas. Son of Thomas Edmonds, customer of Plym- outh ; born at Plymouth about 1562; envoy to the Court of France, 1588 ; agent for Elizabeth at the Court of France, 1592 ; " Secretary to the Queen for the French tongue," May, 1596 ; envoy to the Archduke at Brussels in December, 1599 ; clerk to the Privy Council in 1600 ; M. P. for Liskeard in Cornwall, 1601 ; knighted May 20, 1603. He is the " little Ed- monds " of Sully's " Memoirs ; " M. P. for Wilton, 1604-11; ambassador resident at the Court of Brussels from August, 1604, to August, 1609; ambas- sador to France, May, 1610, to 1616; sworn a privy councilor and comp- 884 EDMONDS — ELDRED troUer of the liousehold, December 22, 1616. In January, 1617, Winwood and Edmonds arranged with Searna- fissi for Ralegh to attack Genoa in the interest of Savoy; and Ralegh after- wards " charged Edmoudes and others with having instigated him to attack Spain on his last voyage." He was appointed treasurer of the household, .Januarv, 1618 ; clerk of the crown in the King's Bench, 16£0 ; M. P. for Bewdley, 1621-22 ; commissioner for V^irginia affairs, July 15, 1624 ; M. P. Chichester, 1624-25 ; Oxford tlniver- sity, 1625 ; Penryn, 16:28-29 ; ambas- sador to France, June 1629 ; commis- sioner of plantations, April 1634 ; died September 20, 1639, aged 77. "He had been practised in the arts of for- eign negotiation, especially in France, almost from childhood, and was a min- ister of great abilities and integrit3%' ' It is said that "the enemies of Eng- land never concealed their fear of him." He married, first, Magdalen, daughter of Sir John Wood ; their eldest daughter, Isabella, married Henry, fourth Lord De la Warr, the eldest son of the first governor-gen- eral of Virginia. Edmonds married, secondly, in 1626, " the Right Honor- able Sai'a Lady Hastings late wife to Lord Zouch deceased." Edolph — Edolfe, Sir Robert, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Hinxhill, Kent ; knighted July 23, 1603 ; sheriff of Kent, 1609 ; married, in 1590, Emeline, daughter of Sir Thomas Scott (see Scott pedigree). Edwards, Richard. Of N. W. P. Co. He afterwards joined the Vir- ginia Company, and was on the com- mission of July 15, 1624. He was alderman's deputy for Bishopsgate ward, married Elizabeth, daughter of John Still, Bishop of Bath and Wells. He was also of the E. I. Co., and his younger brother, William, was sometime president for that company in the East Indies. Mr. Edwards, a Turkey merchant, i. e. member of the Turkey Company, is said to have been the first Englishman to introduce the use of coffee in England about the year 1652. The Dutch East India Company conveyed coffee-trees from Mocha to Holland in 1616, and tlis coffee-berry, I sup])()s<', before tliat date. It is highly probable that the English E. I. Co., brought coffee to England, about the same time, as a curiosity possibly, and not for the trade. Egerton, Sir Thomas, an Illegiti- mate son of Sir Richard Egerton of Ridley ; was born in Cheshire, 1540; entered Brasenose College, Oxford, 15-56 ; Lincoln's Inn, October 31, 1560 ; called to the bar, February 2, 1572 ; solicitor-general, June 28, 1581 ; Lent reader, 1582 ; attorney- general, June 2, 1592 ; knighted 1593 ; master of the rolls, April 10, 1594 ; Lord Keeper of the Great Seal and member of the Privy Coun- cil, May 6, 1596. (His son Thomas was knighted by Essex on the Island voyage, 1597.) He was charged with the custody of Essex, 1599 ; Baron of Ellesmere bv James I., July 19, 1603; lord chancellor, July 24, 1603 ; Chancellor of Oxford University, No- vember 3, 1610 ; member of the N. W. P. Co., 1612 ; Viscount Brackley, November 7, 1616; resigned the Great Seal, March 3, 1617. Died at York House, in the Strand, London, on March 15, 1617, and was buried at Doddleston, in Cheshire, the place of his birth. Lodge says, " It may not be too much to say that for purity of reputation this great man's character stands distinguished from tliose of all other public ministers of this country in all ages ; while for wisdom in council, profound knowledge of the laws, and general learning, he has sel- dom been excelled." Egiock, Sir Francis, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Appomted a teller of the exchequer for life, May 28, 1603; knighted at Whitehall,"^ July i:3, 1603 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1612-20. He was seated at Egiocke and Sher- nock, Coimty Worcester ; married Eleanor, daughter of Francis Dinely, of Charlton. He died November 21, 1622, and was buried in the Church of St. Margaret, citj' of Westminster, under a fair monument at the upper end of the chancel. Eldred, John, merchant. 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £137 10s. Was born ELDRED — ELFRITH 885 in 1552 at New Buckenham in Nor- t.jlk ; went to London, devoted him- s If to business, and prospered. He \v;is one of " the honest English raer- ciiants " who made the first etfort to oi)'Mi an overland trade with East India. They departed out of Lon- don upon Shrove Monday, 1583, in the ship called the Tiger, " wherein they went for Tripolis in Syria, and from thence took the way for Aleppo." " Her husband 's to Aleppo gone, mas- ter of the Tiger." (Shakespeare's '• Macbeth," act i. 3.) He remained in the East, the Holy Land, Asiatic Tur- key, etc., traveling and trading, about live years, and returning reached London, March 26, 15S8, a wealthy man. He bought the manor of Great Saxham in Suffolk in 1597, and built a large house there. He was a member of the Levant Company ; adventured £•400 in the voyage to East India, September 22, 1599 ; one of the di- rectors for setting forth a voyage for the discovery of the trade of the East Indies, September 23, 1600 ; an in- corporator of the E. I. Co., December 31, 1600, of which company he was one of the first directors, remaining in that office for many years and ad- venturing large sums of money in that enterprise for the advancement of English commerce ; M. C. for Va., 1606 : M. C. for Va. Co., 1609. His name is frequently met with in the state papers in connection with ad- vances of money to Queen Elizabeth and James I. He was a leading busi- ness man of the period ; an importer of tobacco ; a farmer of the preemp- tion of tin ; a contractor for lands ; contractor for the customs, etc. ; ou3 of those who set forth Henry Hudson in April, 1610, for the discovery of the Northwest passage ; an incorpo- rator and director of the N. W. P. Co., July 26, 1612. Purchas, wrlti;ig about 1621, says, " Master Eldred yet liveth a grave, rich, and pri.inpall Citizen." "He died at Great Sax- ham in 1632, and was buried there in the church on Dec. 8." He married Mary, daughter of Thomas Revett, of Rishangles in Suffolk. His son, Revett Eldred, was created a baronet in 1612. Eldred, Walter, merchant-tailor. Pd. 2s. 6d. March 18, 1620, Thomas Hodges left by will three shares of land iu Virginia to Walter Kldr,'d. Elfrith — Elfred — Elfree — El- frey — Elfrye, Captain Daniel. He first appears as an officer serving un- der Captain Fisher, on board of a ship " sent out upon a discovery into the river of the Amazones," probably under Harcourt's charter of August 28, 1613. "As they went, a Spanish frigate comeinge in their waye their catchinge fingers layd fast hold on her, and this Elfrye (being in good trust with Fisher) was putt into her as master, who takeiuge his opportunitie, requited him so well as sone after he gave him the slyp, and then shaped his course to the Bermudas ; " where he arrived about February, 1614, and suc- coured the hungry colony, with his cargo of meal. " Yet with the meal came a number of rats (the first that the islands ever saw), which multiply- ing themselves by an infinite increase," a few years after placed the colony in jeopardy. Elfrith went to England, on one of the returning vessels, in the spring of 1614, leaving his Spanish frigate at the Bermudas, and I find nothing more of him until April, 1618, when he sailed from England in command of that celebrated ship, the Treasurer, '• licensed by a commission from the Duke of Savoye (obtained by Robert Lord Rich from Count Scarnafissi) to take Spaniards as lawfull prize." He arrived in Virginia late in the sum- mer ; where Governor Argall refitted his vessel and " sent him with the same commission to raunge the West Indies." He arrived in the Bermudas in the winter of 1618-19, and after some six weeks' stay, set out on his roving voyage. He returned to Vir- ginia, in consortship with a man-of- war of Flushing, late in the summer of 1619, " with a part of one hundred negroes which he had captured from a Spanish vessel ;" leaving some (20?) of these negroes in Virginia, he soon sailed from there, taking the remainder (29) to the Bermudas. The Dutch man-of-war may have had negroes on board, but Captain Elfrith, "under cover of a commission " from Charles Emmanuel I. the Great. Duke of Savoy, is responsible for bringing the first negroes to the colony of V^ir- 886 ELFRITH — ERIZO ginia. " The proceeding of the Treas- urer was esteemed not only a mani- fest act of piracy, but also a thing of great danger to the colony, consider- ing its weak conditiou and the great strength of the Spaniards in the West Indies," and " the evente thereof (we may misdoubte) will prove some at- tempte of the Spaniard upon us, either by way of revenge, or by way of pre- vention; least we may in time make this place [Virginia] sedem belli against the West Indies." For these reasons the reports of the said proceeding, given out at that time, are incomplete and guarded ; but I have copies of several documents in the premises (which have never been printed) giving ample information. To show how perfect the Spanish system of obtaining news then was, it may be mentioned that Fray Diego de Lafuente (" Padre Maestro ") Gondomar's confessor in England, knew of the acts of the Treas- urer in the West Indies prior to May, 1619. (See Captain Argall.) Captain Elfrith remained in the Bermudas for nearly ten years ; was for a time a member of the council there, and probably made more than one voyage from there to the West Indies. His daughter married Capt. Philip Bell, governor of the Bermudas, 16*26-29, and brother to Sir Robert Bell. Elfrith sailed for England on the Earl Warwick late in March, 1629, and arrived late in April. He came to reveal to the Earl of Warwick and Sir Nathaniel Rich his discovery (while on one of his roving voyages) of the island of St. Catalina, and he possibly commanded the successful voyage of discovery sent out by those gentlemen in that year to the West Indies. In 1630 he was appointed by the company to act as governor of Provi- dence Islands (Bahamas) until the arrival of his son-in-law, Capt. Philip Bell, the governor. " He was then to be admiral, and next in precedence to the governor." Bell arrived in 1631, and Admiral Elfrith soon went to roving in the West Indies and to Cape Gracias-it-Dios. May 10, 1632, the coni))nny wrote to him "condemning his indiscretion in too freely enter- taining a MuUetto, as you call him, in the island, and in taking a Spanish frigate." July 3, 1633, they conferred upon him the command of the fort at Black Rock (Nassau ?) as an evidence of " our love and opinion of your fidelity," and March 28, 1636, they wrote him that '• they were willing to employ his son in a ship for taking prizes. Having procured liberty to right themselves of the Sjjaniard." In 1636 and 1637 there were dissen- sions among the officers in the Islands, and in July, 1637, he wrote to the company asking liberty to come home, which was granted in March, 1638, and he was allowed to bring his ne- groes away with him ; but he sold them in 1639 to his successor, Capt. Na- thaniel Butler, for the company's use. Among the leading members of the company were Henry Rich, Earl of Holland, Robert Rich, Earl of War- wick, William Lord Say and Sele, Robert Lord Brooke, Sir Edward Harwood, Sir Nathaniel Rich, and John Pym. Soon after Elfrith's return to Eng- land, he petitioned the company for satisfaction for his services in the Bahamas, to which they replied Ma}' 9, 1640, that " they conceive nothing justly due him." And this is the last entry which I find regarding the man who carried the first rats to the Ber- mudas and the first negroes to Vir- ginia, — that is, to the English colony; the Spaniards carried negroes there in 1526. Elizabeth, Princess. — Elizabeth Stuart. Elizabeth, Queen. See Tudor. Elkin, John, merchant, 2. Sub. ; pd. £T5. EUesmere, Lord. Thomas Egerton. Ellis, John, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Entered and sworn to free- dom in the Grocers' Company Au- gust 6, 1606 ; of St. Lawrence, Old Jewry ; married, in 1608, Cecily, daughter of Richard Wood. Erizo, Captain James. Son of Richard Erisey, of Erisey in Cornwall. He died February 3, 1601, aged 4"). (James Erisey, of Erisey in Cornwall, esquire, of the same family as Rich- ard aforesaid had a daughter Honor, who married William Tucker, and their son William is said to have been the William Tucker of the Va. Co.) ERONDELLE — EVELIN 887 Erondelle — Arundell, Peter, 3. Sub. ; pd. . " A Declination and Ciitholick exhortation to all Cliris- tian Princes to succour the Church of of God and llealme of France. W^rit- ten by Feter Erondelle, natife of Normandie. Faithfully t;auslated out of the French. At Loinlou, Imprinted by Edward Aggas, 1586." "The French Garden : for English Ladyes and Gentlewomen to walke in. . . . By Peter Erondel, Professor of the same Language. London, Printed for Edward White. . . . 1G05." "The French Schoole-Maister. ... P. Eron- delle, London, 1612." He reassigned to Sir Thomas Roe three shares of land in Virginia, February 16, 16.^^. He went to V^irginia on the Abigail in 1621, and in February, 162|, Peter, John, Elizabeth, and Margaret Arun- dell were living at Buck Roe, Eliza- beth City. He was granted, in 1624, 200 acres by patent on Back River in Elizabeth City in right of a bill of adventure of £287 4s. dated in 1617. He died prior to 2.3 January, 162|, leaving a son, John (born in 1602), as heir to his rights in Virginia. Essex, Earl of — Robert Devereux. Essington, ■William, merchant of London. Son of John Essington, of Cowley near Essington, Gloucester- shire. He married, first, Martha, daughter of Sir Thomas Hays, lord mayor ; secondly, Hester, daughter of Sir Roger Jones, and niece of Thomas Jones, Archbishop of Dublin and lord chancellor of Ireland. Was of the E. I. Co., and one of the auditors of the Va. Co. of London. He was still living in 1634. Etheridge (or Etherege), George, gent., 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £62 10s. (Of Maydenhed, in County Berks, whose daughter married William Can- ning, of P^Isenham, Essex, eldest son of William Canning (whom see) ?) Evans, Hugh, 2. Sub. ; pd. £.50. Evans, Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £.jO. Evans, WilUam, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £87 10s. (They were from Wales, evidently merchants of London, and members of the E. I. Co. At least ten men of the surname Evans emigrated to Vir- ginia before lG2o.) Evelin, . Lawyer for the de- fendant. Probably the following John Evelin, Esq. Evelin, John, Esquire., 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Godstone, brother of Robert (see below) ; was born about 1554; married, about 1582, Eliz- abeth, daughter uf William Stevens. Queen Elizabeth visited him in 1500 at Kingston. He died April 17, 1627. He was not a knight. Evelin, John, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Son of the preceding John. He was M. P. for Bletchingley in 1628-29 and 1640 till secluded ; was knighted in 1641 ; died January 18, 1664 ; father of the hrst baronet. Evelin, Richard. Father of John Evelyn, Esq., the elegant author, and half brother to the following. Evelin, Robert, armorer 2. Sub. ; pd. £17. Extract from the Evelin pedigree : George Evelin, " who first brought the art of making gunpowder to perfection in England," was born in 1526 ; mar- ried, first, Rose, daughter of Thomas Williams, brother and heir of Sir John Williams, knight ; she was buried at Long Ditton July 21, 1577. He mar- ried, second, Joane Stint, to whom the letter is addressed. He died May 29, 1603. By his two wives he had 24 children, of whom John and Robert were by his first wdfe, and Richard by the second wife. Robert's brother John, and his (John's) son John were both members of the Va. Co. of Lon- don in 1612. Robert Evelin was probably born at Long Ditton in Surrey about 1570 ; married, October 19, 1590, at St. Peter's, Cornhill, London, Susannah, daughter of Gregory Young. (Her brother, Capt. Thomas Young, came to Virginia, and his son, Capt. Thomas Young, of Chickahominy, was executed in January, 167^ for taking part in Bacon's rebellion.) Robert Evelyn, his brother John, and others had a li- cense granted to them August 24, 1599, for the sole making of saltpetre and gunpowder for ten years. He was a member of the Va. Co. of London in 1609 ; came to V^irginia about KilO. In 1620 there was still to his credit on the Va. Co.'s books the sum of £17. He died before 16.39. Two of his sous came to Virginia, viz.: Robert 888 EVELIN — FANSHAWE (who died there) and George (see "The Evelyns m America," by G. D. Scull, 1881). Of George (the eldest son) I will add the following : He was born in London January 31, 159 1 ; married Jane, daughter of Richard Crane of Dorset : emigrated to Mary- land, 163G ; was governor of Kent Island, Maryland ; returned to Eng- land, and died there. At least two of his children settled in Virginia, viz.: Mountjoy and Rebecca. Mountjoy married November 29, 1653, Dorothy, daughter of Obedience Robins, of Northampton County, Vii'ginia (see Edward Waters). Rebecca married, secondly, " y" Hon*"'' Daniel Parke, sometime Secretary of the Colony of Virginia," by whom she had an only son, Col. Daniel Parke, who married Lucy Ludvvell, and had by her two daughters, Lucy, who married Col. William Byrd, and Frances, who mar- ried John Custis, and their son, John I Parke Custis, married Martha Dan- j dridge (she married, secondly. Gen. i George Washington), and their great granddaughter, Mary Custis, married Gen. Robert E. Lee. Everard, Capt. Michael, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Knighted at Roys- ton, January 18, 1614. Chamberlain to Carleton, May 12, 1614 : " There hath been a brawl fallen out lately at Flushing among our captains, wherein Sir Michael Everard, sergeant-major, struck Sir John Throckmorton, lieu- tenant-governor, and, being convented, would not come till he was fetched with five hundred men. He married an heir, one Meg Stewart, a fair, ill- favored piece, who is come over to solicit his cause, and finds so great friends that he is like to be delivered and sent for liome." Eversfield, Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Knighted at Sir William Fleetwood's in July, 1603. He was seated at Den in Sussex ; married Christian, daughter of Sir Robert Sandy, alias Napier. Evington, Francis, merchant-tail- or. Pd. £1. Of the K. I. and N. W. P. companifs. Ewens, Ralph, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 lOs. Of Gray's Inn ; was born aboiit 1569. Married, in 1603 or 1604, Mrs. Margaret Hotoft, of St. Botolph, Aldersgate, widow. Auditor of Queen Anne. Died before September, 1611. Ewre — Eure, Ralph Lord, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Succeeded his father in 1594 as third Baron Eure. One of the commissioners at Bremen 1602-03 ; lord president of Wales in 1607. Crasliaw dedicated CCXXX. to him in 1613. Died April 1, 1617. Exeter, Earl of. — Thomas and William Cecil. Exton, John. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Exton, Nicholas, draper, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £75. Of St. Mary Ab- church ; married, in 1585, Miss Judith Westwray. Facet. See Fawcett. Fajardo — Fazardo, Don luys. Admiral of the Spanish royal navy. Noted for hanging and drowning his prisoners. I suppose Lymbry was his pilot when he was operating against the pirates in the summer of 1609, and that Clark saw him at that time. Faldoe (Volday ?) William, fish- monger, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. This may be* the person who came to Virginia in 1608. Smith, who gener- ally gives the wrong name, called him " Volday ;" Dale calls him "Faldoe, the Helvetian." (Robert Faldo, Esq., married Sir George Yardley's niece, Anne Palmer.) Falkland, Viscount. — Henry Carey. Falmouth, Berkeley. Fansha-we, £60 ; pd. £70, Earl of. — Charles Sir Henry, 2. Sub. Of Ware Park ; son of Thomas Fanshawe, Esq., remem- brancer of the exchequer to Queen Elizabeth, by his first wife, Mary, daughter of Anthony Bourchier, Esq. ; was baptized at Christ Church in Lon- don, August 13, 1569. M. P. for West- bury, 1588-89 and 1592-93, and for Boroughbridge in 1597-98. His father died in 1601, and he succeeded him as remembrancer of the exchequer; was knighted May 7, 1603 ; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. He was an in- corporator of the N. W. P. Co., July 26, 1612. He died March 10, 1616, aged 48, and was buried at Ware. Chamberlain wrote to Carleton, March 27, 1616 : " Since you went, we have lost Sir Henry Fanshawe, who, FANSHAWE — FENTOX 889 being at dinner the 0th of this present, at the assizes at Hertford, was sud- denly stricken with a dead palsy, that took him away in forty hours. He is much lamented, and so geiierally well spoken of, as I have not known any man, which is no small comfort to them that loved him, as it was like- wise a great happiness to himself that his memory continued till the very end, and his speech did not quite fail him till some three or four hours be- fore his departure. He hath left all in good order, and had made his will above two years agone ; but the rever- sion of his office was in great hazard by reason of his son lacking almost two years of twenty-one, was said to be unfit or rather incapable to execute it. But by Mr. Secretary's good means, it is now settled in Sir Chris- topher Hatton and Sir Arthur Harris for his use till he come of age, and they have appointed John West for his deputy." Sir Henry Fanshawe married Eliza- beth Smythe, the youngest sister of Sir Thomas Smythe, the first treasurer of the Va. Co., by whom he w.as the father of five sons and five daughters. The oldest son, Thomas, who suc- ceeded his father as remembrancer and in the Va. Co., was afterwards created Viscount Fanshawe. The fourth son, Richard Fanshaw, knight and baronet, the celebrated diploma- tist, translator, etc., married Anne Harrison, niece of George Harrison, the early Virginia duelist. The sec- ond daughter, Mary, married, in 1616, William Newce, of Hadham, possibly the same person, who died in Virginia about December, 1621. Fanshawe, Lady. Sir Henry's wife (see Smythe pedigree). Her daughter-in-law, Anne, Lady Fan- shawe, wrote in terms of the highest praise of her. Farmer, George, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Probably George Fermor. Farmer, John, grocer, 2. Sub. £37 lOs. ; pd. £100. Farrington, Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. His lirother George was "a priest;" sheriff of London, 1608 ; alderman, 1609. Fawcett — Faucett — Forsett, Edv/ard, 2. Sub. £'57 10s. ; pd. £75. Of Tyburn, Middlesex. " A.s a jus- tice of peace he showed himself very active in the examination of those con- cerned in the Gunpowder Plot." Au officer of the Tower, " he occasionally took charge during the absence of the lieutenant. Sir William Waad." The manor of Marylebone was granted to him by James in 1611. Of the S. I. Co. He sold three shares in Virginia to Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, February 27, 162^. He died about 1630. The au- thor "of two ably written pamphlets: 1. ' A Comparative Discourse of the Bodies Natural and Politique,' 1006, and 2. ' A Defence of the llight of Kings,' 1624." (See "Die. of Nat. Bio." vol. XX. p. 10.) Fearne — Feme, Sir John. Sub. ; pd. £25. With Ralegh in Gui- ana in 1617. Fearne — Feme, John.- Sub. ; pd. £12 lOs. Of tlie S. I. Co. Felgate, William, merchant, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £62 lOs. Of the S. I. Co. Patented lands in Virginia, 1622, and on May 20 passed one hun- dred acres to Capt. Tobias Felgate ; a commissioner for Virginia in 1633. He was still trading with Virginia in 1039. Fennor, John. Sub. ; pd. £50. Fenner — Fennor — Vennor, Captain Thomas. The four men wliom Lord Howard chose as his advisers in the attack on the Armada (1588), and of whom he wrote, "The Worlde dothe judge to be men of the greatest experience that the realme bathe," were Sir Francis Drake, Capt. John Hawkins, Capt. Martin Frobi- sher, and Capt. Tiiomas Fenner. Fenton, Captain Edward. Son of Henry Fenton of Fenton in the parisb of Sturton, and " brother to Sir (ieof- frey Fenton ; was born in Notting- hamshire ; " served in Ireland under Sir Henry Sidney in 1566 ; an officer in Frobisber's voyages to the North- west in 1576-78 ; again in Ireland in 1580 ; one of tliose mentioned by Hakluyt as having written about his travels prior to 1582. The project to attempt a fourth voyage to tlie East Indies via the Northwest finally re- sulted in Fenton's voyage of 1582. A large stock company was formed, and there was much ditferenoe of opinion. The Frobisher party wisiied to make 890 FENTON — FERRAR another attempt by the Northwest ; the Carlisle party, it seems, wished to try America to the southwest of Cape Breton, while the Fenton party wished to work the rich fields of the South Sea, which had so recently afforded such a rich harvest to Sir Francis Drake ; and this idea prevailed. Fro- bisher and Carleill declined to go. Fenton sailed for the Moluccas in June, 1582, and returned to England in May, 1583 ; failed in the object of his voyage, but defeated a Spanish squadron ; was a captain in the Ar- mada fight, 1588 ; was buried in St. Nicholas' Church, Deptford, August 31, 1603, where a monument to his memory relates his achievements. He married Thomazin, daughter of Ben- jamin Gonson. She married, secondly, Christopher, son of Sir R. Browne, of Deptford. His niece married Richard Boyle, first Earl of Cork, and their son, the Hon. Robert Boyle, was a benefactor of William and Mary Col- lege, Virginia. (See Gonson pedigree.) Ferdinando, Simon. A Portuguese pilot in Walsingham's service ; sailed with Drake in 1577 on a vessel which returned ; made a voyage to our coast to the southwest of Cape Breton in 1579 ; a pilot of Fenton's voyage in 1582-83, of Amidas and Barlow in 1584, of Greenville in 1585, and of White in 1587. He was interested in the Roanoke colony, and possibly re- mained and died there. Feme. See Fearne. Ferrar, Nicholas, Sr., skinner, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £50. Born about 1546 ; " brought up in the pro- fession of a Merchant Adventurer, and traded very extensively to the East and West Indies and to all the celebrated seats of commerce;" died in April, 1620, and was buried in the Church of St. Bennet Sherhog, Lon- don. He gave by will " £300 to the College in Virginia, to be paid when there shall be ten of the Infidels chil- dren placed in it, and in the meane time 24 pounds by the yeare to be dis- bursed unto tliroe discreete and godly men in the Colonic, which shall hon- estly bring up three of the Infidels children in Christian Religion, and some good course to live by." (His son Nicholas finally transferred this bequest to the Bernmdas, where there were no " Infidels children.") He married Mary, daughter of Laurence Wodenoth, Esq., and had issue : Su- sanna (married John Collet, of Bourne Bridge in Cambridgeshire), John, Erasnnis ("abarrister of law "), Nich- olas, William, and Richard (a mer- chant of London). Ferrar, John, merchant. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Son of the fore- going. He married, first, Anne, daughter of William Shepherd, Esq., of Great Rowlwright, Oxfordshire. She died, without issue, July 12, 1613, aged about 21, and was buried in St. Bennet Sherhog. (Stow preserves her curious epitaph.) John Ferrar joined the Va. Co. after 1612 ; was after- wards added to His Majesty's Coun- cil for that company, and was the deputy treasurer from April 28, 1619, to May 22, 1622. He was M. P. for Tamworth in 1621-22 ; wrote the memoirs of his brother Nicholas (pub- lished by P. Peckard, D. D., Cam- bridge, England, 1790), and of his own son Nicholas, who died in 1640. He married, secondly, Bathsheba, daughter of Israel Owen, of London, and had issue by her : Nicholas, John, and Virginia. He was buried at Lit- tle Gidding, September 28, 1657. Ferrar, Nicholas, the Younger. Sub. ; pd. . Son of Nich- olas, Sr. ; was born February 22, 1593 ; from his earliest years was re- garded by his family as a prodigy in- deed ; had a revelation when but six years of age, they said ; M. A., Cam- bridge, 1613 ; traveled on the conti- nent, 1613-18, and when he returned, his brother John said, " His accom- plishments surpassed all report and all expectation." He bought two shares in the Va. Co. from Sir William Smith, March 17, 161 1 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1619 ; deputy treasurer from May 22, 1622, to July, 1624, during which time (from December, 1623, to June, 1624) he was having the copies of the Vir- ginia records made, which are now preserved in the librarv of Congress ; M. P. for Lymingtoui^ 1624-25. In 1(525 he gave up his attempt to reg- ulate worldly affairs, settled at Little (lidding in Huntingdonshire, and es- tablished the Arminan Nunnery there; ordained a deacon by Bishop Laud on Trinity Sunday, 1626 ; vicar of Little CAPTAIN JOHN SMITH FERRAR — FITZJAMES 891 Gidding, 1626, to his death, December 2, 1637. He was known as " the Prot- estant Saint Nicholas," and was some- times called " the useless enthusiast." Ferrar, William, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Son of Nicholas, Sr. ; born in 1594-95 ; educated for the law ; came to Virginia in the Neptune in 1618 ; married the widow of Sam- uel Jordan ; M. C. in Virginia from 1625 to 1633. The date of his death is not known to me. His wife was a party to the first breach of promise case in this country. As he was a lawyer, he was probably her legal adviser in the matter. Several inter- esting particulars of the case have been preserved. Her suitors were a preacher. Rev. Greville Fooley, and a lawyer. The preacher got the start ; but the lawyer won. Fetherstone, Henrie, stationer. In 16J5 " Purehas his Pilgrimes in Five Bookes " was " Printed by Wil- liam Stansby for Henrie Fetherstone, and are to be sold at his shop in Pauls church-yard at the signe of the Rose." Henrie Fetherstone died March 18, 1647. Field, Mr. Warden (Richard), stationer. Son of Henry Field, of Stratford-upon-Avon, who was one of the assessors of the estate of John Shakespeare, the father of the poet. Richard Field was apprenticed to George Bishop, stationer, of London, in 1579 ; printed the first edition of Shakespeare's " Venus and Adonis " in 1593, and transferred his copyright to Mr. John Harrison, Sr., July 25, 1594. He died about 1624. Field, William, merchant-tailor, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25 5s. Finch, Sir Moyle, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £50. Of Eastwell, Kent ; born about 1553 ; M. P. Weymouth, 1575- 83 ; knighted at Greenwich, Mav 7, 1584 ; M. P. Kent, 1593, and for Win- chelsea, 1601 ; created a baronet, July 29, 1611. Died December 18, 1614. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Heneage, and had issue seven sons and four daughters. Sir Moyle's sister Jane married, October 8, 1582, George Wyatt, Esq., of Boxley, brother of Jane Wyatt who married Charles Seott (see Scott pedigree), and his brother, Sir Henry Finch, was the father of Sir John Finch, one of the counsel for Sir F. Gorges in the dispute over the N. E. charter in 1621, wliich Sir John was the speaker, who was forced back into the chair by .Holies and others on the memorable, February 25, 162|. Finch, Sir Heneage. Of Eastwell, Kent ; son of Sir Moyle ; was an at- torney at law; M. P. for Rye, 1607-11; recorder of London, February 15, 1620, to December 5, 1631 ; M. P. West Looe, 1621-22 ; again admitted into the Va. Co. of London, July 3, 1622. (His first cousin. Sir Francis Wyatt, had married the niece of Sir Edwin Sandys.) Knighted at Wanstead, June 22, 1623 ; created sergeant at law, 1623; M. P. London, 1624-25, 1625, and 1626 ; speaker of the first House of Commons of Charles I. in 1625. Died December 5, 1631, and was buried at Raunston, Bucks. He was the father of the first Earl of Nottingham. Fishborne, Richard, mercer, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Old Fuller gives a sketch of him among liis Worthies of Huntingdonshire. He began life an apprentice to Sir Baptist Hicks ; became a leading Mercer him- self, and was a great benefactor to his company and to mankind. Fuller says, " Nor must it be forgotten how this gentleman, lying on his deathbed (when men are presumed to speak with unmasked consciences), did pro- fess that, to his knowledge, he had got no part of his goods unjustly. No man of his quality won more love in health, prayers in sickness, and lam- entation at his funeral ; dying a single man, and buried in Mercers' Chapel, May 10, 1625." The whole sum of his benefactions amounted to nearly £11,000, equivalent to nearly 6275,000 present values. Fitch, Master Matthew. In the first voyage to Vii'ginia, 1606-07 ; in the first company to the F.-ills in May, 1607. Lost at sea in July, 1009. Fitzhardinge, Viscount. — Charles Berkeley. Fitzjames, Master John, esquire, etc. Of Leweston, Dorset; born about 1548 ; knighted at Lull worth, August 15, 1615 ; died May 16, 1625, and was buried in the chancel aisle of the church at Long Burton, Dorset. Extract from his will, dated May 3, 892 FITZWILLIAM — FREAKE 1621, and approved July 7, 1625. . . . " Item. I give to Alfred [or Aldred] Fitzjames, my son, my bill of adven- ture of £25 which I delivered in readie money to Captain Sommeps when my said son Alfred [or Aldred] went into Virginia with him." Fitzvyilliam, Walter, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . M. P. Peterborough, 1621-22 ; brother of first Lord Fitzwilliam ; died s. p. He was related to the Mildmays and Sidneys. Fleet, William, gent., 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Chart- ham, Kent ; married Deborah Scott, daughter of Charles Scott of Egerton, Kent, by his wife, Jane Wyatt (see Scott pedigree). He had issue : seven sons and one daughter, viz. : George, William, Henry, Brian, Edward, Rey- nold, John, and Catherine. On July 3, 1622, he transferred to his daugh- ter his three shares in Virginia. At least four of his sons (Henry, f^dward, Reynold, and John) were among the early emigrants to Virginia and Mary- land. All four of them were mem- bers of the Maryland legislature of 1638, the first Assembly whose records have been preserved. Capt. Henry Fleet was the most noted of this brotherhood in our annals. He came to Virginia at an early date ; was cap- tured by the Indians on the Potomac in 1623 ; remained a captive until 1627 ; became familiar w^itli the In- dian tongue ; an interpreter, trader, and legislator in Maryland ; finally settled at Fleet's Bay in Lancaster County, Virginia, and represented the county in the House of Burgesses, 1652. His daughter Sarah married Edwin Conway of Lancaster County, Virginia. Capt. Henry Fleet was first cousin to the noted Dorothy Scott who married, first, Major Daniel Gotherson of Cromwell's arm}', and about 1655 became a Quaker preacher. She mar- ried, secondly, Joseph Hogben, and about 1680 settled on Long Island, New York. Fleet-wrood, Edward, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £62 10s. Fleetwood, Sir William, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Missen- den, Bucks ; eldest son of Sir William Fleetwood, recorder of London. He was knighted at Charterhouse, May 11, 1603 ; M. P. for Bucks, 1601-11, 1621-22, 1624-25, and 1628-29. Died in 1630. Fletcher, John, fishmonger, 2. Sub. £75. He paid £62 10s., and John Fletcher and Company paid £75 = £137 10s. Died in 1635. A bene- factor of the Fishmongers; also a mem- ber of E. I. and N. W. P. companies. Floras, Marquis de le. See Zu- niga. Floyd (or Lloyd), David, £12 10s. Forest, Sir Anthony, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Of Huntingdonshire ; knighted at Whitehall, August 20, 1604. Forest, Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Came to Virginia in 1608. Fotherby, Henry, secretary. Af- ter of the N. E. Company. Fox, Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. . (Luke Lodge and Thomas Fox paid £25.) Probably the Thomas Fox who came to Virginia in 1608. I sup- pose there was some relationship be- tween Luke Lodge and himself, and that Captain Luke Fox (Northwest Fox, 1631) was of the same family, and possibly related to John Foxe, the martyrologist. Foxall, Thomas, grocer, 3. Sub. ; £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir William Garaway ("Gargany " on her tomb) of London. Died in 1647, buried in the Churchyard at Lee. Francis, Giles, gent., 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £50. Francis, Thomas. Pd. £12 10s. Frank, Peter, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. " Gentleman Usher and dayly waiter to Queen Anne — the which Peter dyed the 24. day of Oc- tober, 1612." (Strype.) Franklin, John, haberdasher, 2. Snb. ; pd. £25. (The Franklins of the Va. Co. were probably of the family of that name seated at Willes- don in Middlesex.) Freake, Sir Thomas, 2. Sub. £75; pd. £25. "Son of Robert Freke of Shroton, Dorset, esquire, who was for many years auditor of the Treas- ury in the reigns of Henry VIII. and Queen Elizabeth, and died worth a plum, (£100,000) an immense fortune in those times. His son Tiiomas, of whom I write, of Ewern Courtney in Dorsetshire, was " a person of consid- FREEMAN — FROBISHER 893 erable note, great trust, and authority in the County of Dorset in the times of Elizabeth and James I." M. P. for Dorchester in 1584-85 ; knighted at Whitehall July 23, 1603 ; M. P. for County of Dorset in 1GU4-11; M. C. for Va., March 9, 1G07; M. C. for Va. Co., 1G12 ; M. P. for the County of Dorset in 1G14 and also in 1627-28. Sir Thomas was born in 1563, and died in 1633; married Elizabeth, widow of Francis Smith, Esq., and only daugh- ter and sole heir of John Taylor, alder- man of London, by whom he was the father of five or more children. Freeman, Martin, fishmonger, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £75. One of the wardens of the Fishmongers in 1606 ; interested in the Irish planta- tion ; married Elizabeth, daughter of Mathew Laurence, son of Sir Oliver Laurence ; she bore in her arms, 2 and 3, the arms of Washington (vide Visi- tation of Loudon, 1568). He was a member of the E. I. Co. Freeman, Ralphe, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Son of INIartin aforesaid ; was baptized as "Raiidolpe" at St. Mary-at-Hill, London, July 6, 1589; knighted at Windsor September 15, 1617 ; sworn a master of requests, January 11, 1618. The king's pleas- ure to grant the Massachusetts charter was signified to the loi'd keeper by Sir Ralpe, as " Auditor of Imprests " in 1628-29; a commissioner of the Mint to Charles I.; lord of the manor of Beechworth in Surrey; living in 1GG3. Author of " Imperiale," a tragedy. Freeman, Ralphe, clothvvorker, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £62 10s. Sou of William Freeman, of Northampton; born in 1560; member Muscovy, N. W. P., and E. I. companies; master of the Clothworkers in 1620 ; " farmed the killing of whales in Greenland, etc.; set forth 8 ships in 1621." Sheriff of London, 1622—23 ; alderman of Bisli- opsgate ward, 1622-32, and of Corn- hill ward, 1632—34 ; lord mayor in 1633. Died in office, before knight- hood, March 16, 1634 ; was buried in St. Michael's, Cornhill, and after- wards removed to Aspeden, County Herts. He was on the Virginia Com- mission of July 15, 1624. Freeman, William. Probably the younger brother of Sir Ralphe afore- said. " William and Raphe Freeman " contributed £25 to the American en- ter{)rise ; but the elder brother of Ralphe the clothworker was also named William. Fretchville, Sir Peter, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Stavely, County Derby; sheriff of Derby, 1601; knighted at Worksop, xVpril 21, 1603; M. P. for Derbyshire in 1601 and 1621-22. Frith, Richard, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Came to Virginia in lGOG-07. Frobisher, Sir Martin. Son 6f Ber- nard Frobisher by his wife Margaret, daughter of Sir Richard Yorke, and sister of Sir John Yorke (a member of the Merchant Adventurers); born at Altofts, Normanton, Yorkshire, about 15.35 ; on a voyage to Guinea, 1554 ; probably made other voyages there ; plundered the Flying Spirit from An- dalusia in 1563 ; probably with Haw- kins at Vera Cruz in 1567 ; served with Gilbert in Ireland; preparing for a Northwest, voyage of discovery, 1574 ; the voyage " stayed ' ' for lack of money in 1575; made the first voyage in 1576, the second in 1577, and the third in 1578; projected a fourth voyage to the Northwest in 1581, which resulted in Fenton's voyage of 1582-83 ; with Carleill proposed another voyage to America in April, 1584; vice-admiral of the Drake-Sidney voyage, 1585- 86; served against the Armada and knighted in 1588; commanded vessels employed against Spanish commerce, 1589-92. In 1594 he commanded the squadron sent to aid Henry IV. of France ; wounded at the attack on Brest, November 7 ; returned to Plymouth, and died there, where his en- trails were interred ; his body was sent to London and interred in St. Giles's Church, Cripplegate, in February, 1595. He married twice, but seems to have left no issue. Peter Frobisher, his heir and executor, sold Frobisher Hall to Lionel Lord Cranfield. Frobisher's second wife (whom he married in 1591) was Dorothy, daughter of Thomas, first Lord Wentworth, and widow of Paul Withypoole, Esq. 894 FULLER — GATES Fuller, Nicholas, esquire. Pel. £20. Barrister, of Gray's Inn ; cham- pion for the Puritans; son of Nicholas Fuller, of London, mercliant ; born about 1545 ; M. F. for St. Mawe's 1592-93; M. P. for London, 1604-11. Spoke against the union with Scot- laud, February 14, IGOf. His argu- ment for his clients, Thomas Lad and Richard Maunsell, was published in 1607. In November, 1607, he was lined £200 by the commissioners for causes ecclesiastical. He paid his fine, but submissions being expected which he could not digest, he was imprisoned; but was released on January 5, 1608. (See " Lord Bacon's Letters and Life," by Spedding, vol. iv. p. 51, note.) M. P. for London, 1614 ; admitted into the E. I. Co. gratis. May 5, 1618 ; died February 23, 1620, aged 76. He married Sarah, daughter of alderman Nicholas Backhouse. Fulw^ood, ■William. (I take tliis to be the author of " The Castel of Memorie," " The Enimie of Idenesse," etc., who was a merchant and member of the Merchant-Taylors' Company.) Gallen-Ridgeway, Lord. — Thomas Ridgeway. Galthrope (Calthrope), Stephen. Probably the head of the "entended and confessed mutiny by Galthropp " at the Canaries, March, 1607, in which mutiny, Capt. John Smith v/as in some way implicated. Garaway — Garraway — Gar- ■way, "William, draper. Sub. £50; pd. £100. Born 1537; married, about 1570, Elizabeth, sister of Sir Henry Anderson, of London, was a leading merchant ; member of the Muscovy, E. I., and N. W. P. companies ; chief treasurer of the customs ; knighted at Theobald's, July 16, 1615; died Sep- tember 26, 1625, aged 88 ; buried in St. Peter the Poor, London. His son, Sir Htniry, was the celebrated Royalist Lord Mayor of London, 1640. Gardiner, John, merchant 2. Sub. ; pd. £75. Of the E. I. Co. Gardiner, Richard. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Garrard. See Gerrard. Garraway. See Garaway. Garsett, Robert, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Gate, Peter, grocer, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £12 10s. "Late apprentice to George Bone, sworn to freedom January 16, 1603. Takes Paul Gate as his apprentice March 26, 1604. Still on Books, 1618." He married Mary, daughter of Edward Josslyn, Esq. Gates, Lady. Died on her way to Virginia in 1611. Gates, Sir Thomas, 1. Sub. ; pd. £100. Said to have been born at Colyford, in Colyton parish, Devon- shire (Worth's " Hist, of Devonshire," p. 70). Saw service in the wars. Was lieutenant of Capt. Christopher Carleill's own company in the cele- brated Drake-Sidney voyage to Amer- ica, 1585-86 ; publi.shed the Briggs- Croftes account of this voyage in 1589, which he dedicated to the Earl of Essex ; distinguished himself at the taking of Cadiz, and was knighted by Essex in June, 1596. July 20, 1597, Essex sent him to Sir Robert Cecil with an important message regarding the Island voyage, in which voyage he served, August-October, 1597 ; en- tered Gray's Inn, March 14, 1598 ; in public service at Plymouth, 1599. Early in the reign of James I. sol- diers were being enlisted in England, both to serve the States and the Arch- duke ; he enlisted with the States, and in July, 1604, Sir Plenry Wotton wrote by him to Sir Ralph Winwood, saying, "I entreat you to love him [Gates] and to love me too, and to assure yourself that you cannot love two honester men." One of the first petitioners for royal license to colonize America ; an incorporator of the first charter, April 10, 1606 ; was in the garrison at Oudewater in South Hol- land with Dale in November, 1606 ; petitioned the States for leave of ab- sence to go to Virginia, which was granted April ||, 1608 ; was selected to command the large expedition then being fitted out ; appointed the first sole and absolute governor of the col- ony ; added to His Majesty's Council for the Va. Co. ; sailed in June ; wrecked on the Bermudas Jvdy 28, 1609, and remained tliere until May 10, 1610, when he sailed to Virginia, reaching there May 21 ; left Virginia late in July, and reached England early in September, 1610, giving the first news of his own survival of the tempest. Aided in preparing a con- GATES 895 futation of the scandalous reports (CXL). Again sailed for Virginia in May, 1611, taking his wife and daugh- ters ; but his wife dying on the way, he sent his daughters back with New- port in December following. He re- mained in Virginia nearly three years, and returned to England in April, 1614. He had brought his company from the Netherlands, and had carried it to Virginia with him in 1609, under the command of Capt. George Yeard- ley ; whether he brought it away from Virginia or not I cannot say ; but after aiding in answering the French com- plaints, he returned to his post in Holland, and was promptly paid all past dues. During 1619 he was serving on one of the committees of the Va. Co. in London. In November, 1619, Sir Edwin Sandys, in a speech before the Quarter Court of that company, said that " Sir Thomas Gates had the Honour to all Posterity of being the first named in his Majesty's Patent and Grant of Virginia, and was also the first that, by his Wisdom, Industry, and Valour, accompanied with exceed- ing Pains and Patience, in the Midst of Many Difficulties, had laid the foundation of the present prosperous State of the Colony." About this time the governor and council in Virginia asked that " Skilful Engineers be sent over to raise fortifi- cations," " and Sir Thomas Gates was entreated by the Company, as well in Regard of his military Skill as of his knowledge of the country, to write them his Private Letters of Advice and Direction." Early in 1620 Gates was one of the " Ancient adventurers," who " peticioned y" Right Hon"° the Lords and the rest of ye Cow^lsayle and bodye politique, for ye State of his Majesties Collonye in Virginia to have some man of qualitye sent Gov- ernor unto Virginia." They were, quite evidently, unwilling to serve under Gates's old subordinate, Sir George Yeardley. They "humblye besech this Honorable Court to take into consideration this our only Re- quest (who otherwise finding them- selves much disparagied and wronged are resolved to abandon, and quitt the Countrye & Action forevar) that some eythar Noble, or little lesse in Honor or Power may be maturelye advised upon to maintayne and hold up ye dignitye of so Great and Good a Cawse." From March to June (inclusive), 1620, (iates transferred to sundry per- sons sixty shares of 100 acres of land each, in Virginia. November 3, 1620, he was appointed by James I. one of " the first moderne and present Coun- cill established at Plymouth, in the County of Devon, for the planting, ruling, ordering, and governing of New England in America." January 13, 1621, Sir Dudley Digges, writing from Amsterdam to Sir Dudley Carle- ton at the Hague, " sends his love to the honest Sir Thomas Gates," from Avhich it may be inferred that he was then in Holland. April 12, 1621, he is alluded to in the records of the Va. Co. as then dead. In 1623 fifty great shares of land were still remaining in his name in Virginia. He had at least two sons, Thomas and Anthony, and three daughters, Margaret, Mary, and Elizabeth. On April 24, 1626, Edmund Dawber, gentleman, of " East Inynham," in County Norfolk, and Margaret, daugh- ter of Sir Thomas Gates, of " Hold- inge " in County Kent, were married in the Church of St. Mildred the Vir- gin, Poultry, London. Capt. Thomas Gates, the son of Sir Thomas, served in the expedition of 1626 against Cadiz, and in 1627 at the Isle of Rd and Rochelle, where he was killed by a cannon shot. An- thony, the other son, died before 1637; his widow was then living. In 1637 the daughters, Mary and Elizabeth, petitioned the Privy Council to order payment to them of the arrears due on their brother's (Capt. Thomas Gates's) account ; and the lord treas- urer was instructed by order of the council to sign an order to that effect, riiey alleged that they were " destitute of means to relieve their wants, or to convey themselves to Virginia, where their father, Sir Thomas Gates, gov- ernor of tliat Isle, died, and left his estate in the hands of persons, who had ever since detained the same." It would seem from this that he died in Virginia, and I have found no other evidence of the place of his death. " July 30, 1639. Report of the Sub- 896 GATES — GILBERT Committee for Foreign Plantations to the Privy Council. ' Upon Petition of Edmund Davvber, administrator of the Estate of Sir Thomas Gates, deceased — that a similar letter to that written to the Earl of Dorset and Danby, bearing date November 30, 1632, be addressed to the Governor and Coun- cil of Virginia, on behalf of the peti- tioner, for the full recovery of the Estate hi that Colony, belonging to Sir Thomas Gates, deceased.' " I have, as yet, been unable to lo- cate with any certainty the family of Gates ; but as we find him (when he must have been quite a young man) hi service with Carleill and Essex, the sons-in-law of Walsingham, I think we may infer that he was not without position and influence. He was prob- ably about 50 years of age when he sailed to Vii-ginia in 1609. Gee, Sir "William, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Born 1540; an outer-bar- rister of Lincoln's Inn ; M. P. for Hull, 1588-89; Beverley, 1604-11; knighted May 30, 1604 ; secretary to Council of the North. Geeringe — Gearinge — Green- inge — Geriiige, John, grocer, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £112 10s. Of the E. I. Co. Married Phebe, daughter of Jo. Reeve, of London, goldsmith. Gerrard — Garrett, George, es- quire, 3. Sub. ; pd. . M. P. for Wigan, 1621-22; Newton (I. W.), 1624-25 ; Preston, 1626 and 1628-29. Gerrard — Garrard, John. Son of Sir William, whom see. Born 1546; sheriff, 1592 ; lord mayor and knight, 1601-02 ; died May 7,' 1625, aged' 79. His son. Sir John, was created a bar- onet February 16, 162^. Gerrard, Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Probably the eldest son of Sir Thomas Gerrard, of Bryn ; M. P. Liverpool, 1597 ; Lancashire, 1614 ; Wigan, 1621 ; created a bar- onet. May 22, 1611 ; died in 1621. Gerrard — Garrard, Sir William. Son of John Garrard, citizen and gro- cer, of London ; born in 1507 ; alder- man, April 26, 1547 ; sheriff, August 1, 1552 ; lord mayor, September 29, 1555; knight, 1555. " A grave, sober, wise, and discreet citizen equal with the best and inferior to none of our time." Died September 27, 1571, in the " Parish of St. Christopher, but was buried in the Church of St. Mag- nus, as the parish where he was born and a faire monument is there raised on him." He married Isabel, daughter and co-heir of Julius Nethermill, Esq., and had issue : 1. William (Sir) who died in 1607; 2. George, whose daugh- ter married Sir Dudley Carleton ; 3. John (Sir), (whom see); 4. Anne, who married Sir George Barnes. Gibbs, Thomas, esquire. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. M. C. for Va. Co. prior to 1618. On " May 6, 1618, Sir Eustace Hart surrendered unto him a Bill of Adven. of £25, and for that he paid in £12 10s. more had allowed him 3 shares " in the Va. Co. March 18, 1620, he transferred two shares in Virginia " to his two sonnes Edmond & Thomas Gibbs." He was active in the company affairs, 1620-22 ; also of the S. I. Co. ; on the Virginia Commission, July 15, 1624; one of the Council for Virginia, November 16, 1624, and after ; a commissioner for the advancement of Virginia in 1631. I think he married Isabella, daughter of Rev. William Wilson, D. D. Gilbert, Adrian. Of Sandridge; son of Otho of Compton ; made a voyage to the Northwest prior to 1583; interested in the Northwest patent of 1584, in the Davis voyages, 1585-87, and in the voyage of Cavendish, 1591 ; was constable of Sherborne Castle, 1596-1603 ; M. P. for Brid- port, 1597-98. (An Adrian Gilbert married Mary Johnson, spinster, at All Hallows' Barking in 1577.) Gilbert, BartholomeTV. Son of Sir Humplirey. On the voyage to our New I^ngiand coast, March 26 to July 23, 1602 ; sailed on a voyage to the Chesepian Bay, May 10, 1603, and was killed by the Indians on the eastern shore of Virginia in July. Gilbert, Sir Humphrey. Of Comp- ton ; son of Otho Gilbert and his wife, Katherine Champernoun, was " borne in Devon at his father's house called Greeneway upon Dart river about GILBERT 897 1539 ; educated at Eton and Oxford ; destined by his father to the law, but followed Ins own bent for more active enterprises." Devoted himself to the study of navigation and the art of war ; got his lirst reputation at Havre in Normandy, where he was wounded in fighting against the French Cath- olics, September 26, 1563 ; petitioned the queen for privileges for making Northeast discoveries in April, 1566 ; serving as captain under JSir Henry Sidney in Ireland in July, 1566. While in Ireland, Salva-terra tells him of the Northwest passage. Peti- tioned the queen for the privilege of making Northwest discoveries in No- vember, 1566 ; enlisting soldiers in England for service in Ireland in April, 1567, and soon went over ; i-e- turned to England in the summer of 1568, and to Ireland again the next year, where, after defeating the cele- brated McCarthy More, he was made governor of Munster in October, 1569; knighted at Droglieda by Sir Henry Sidney, January 1, 1570 ; returned to England in the same year, and mar- ried Joan, only daughter and heiress of John Aucher of Otterden (see An- thony Aucher, Esq.) by his wife, Ann, daughter of Sir William Kelleway. (Sir Humphrey afterwards sold the manor of Otterden to William Lewin, LL. U.) He was M. P. for Plymouth in 1571 ; resided at Limehouse, 1571- 72 ; commanded the squadron sent to reinforce Flushing in the autumn of 1572 ; returned to England in the fall of 1573 ; living at Limehouse, 1573- 78 ; was still desirous of making new discoveries in 1574. Visited by George Gascoigne in the winter of 1574, he showed him "sundry profitable and very commendable exercises which he had perfected plainly with his own pen." One of these exercises was probably " The Erection of (Queen Elizabethe's) Achademy in London " (printed by Dr. Furnivall in London, 1869) ; another was Gilbert's " Dis- course of a Discovery for a New Pas- sage to Cataia." Lock says that Gil- bert printed a book regarding new discoveries in May, 1575. Gascoigne published, probably without Gilbert's authority, his " Discourse of a Discov- ery " in April, 1576. Gilbert was in- terested in Frobisher's voyages of 1576-78 ; consulted Dr. John Dee, November 6, 1577, and the same day proposed to Elizabeth to attack the shipping of Spain under color of a patent for colonization in America ; obtained a patent for planting an Eng- lish colony in America, June 11, 1578 ; sailed in the fall of that year, but was soon forced to return; prepared to sail in 1579, but was stayed ; returned to Ireland in the summer of 1579 ; sent John ^Valker to our coast in 1580, and probably made other ventures, but the data for these enterprises from May, 1579, to August, 1582, is very defi- cient; consulting Dr. Dee in the fall of 1580, and in the same year made an assignment for colonization to Sir Thomas Gerrard and Sir George Peck- ham ; examined sundry persons re- gardiug America to the southwest of Cape Breton, 1582 ; sailed on his voy- age, June 11, 1583 ; landed in New- foundland, August 4 ; sailed to the southward, August 20 ; went down at sea, September 9-10, 1583. He was the father of one daughter and nine (or five) sons, among whom were John (the eldest), Bartholomew, and Ralegh Gilbert. Gilbert, John, of Greenway ; eld- est son of Otho Gilbert. Knighted by Queen Elizabeth at Westminster, 1571 ; vice-admiral of Devon, 1585 ; mayor of Plymouth, 1589; married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richai-d Chudleigh, of Ashton, but died without issue. " This eminent and learned man was interred in St. Peter's Cathedral, Exeter, where a sumptuous monument remains to his memory." Gilbert, Sir John. Eldest son of Sir Humphrey Gilbert ; with Ralegh in Guiana, in 1595 ; knighted by Es- sex at Cadiz, 1596 ; governor of the fort at Plymouth, 1597. Ralegh was proposing to send an expedition imder his command to Guiana in November, 1598. M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607. He was an officer of reputation ; mar- ried a daughter of Sir Richard Moly- neux, of Sefton, but died witliout is- sue, July 5, 1608, of the small-pox, and was buried at Marldon Church. His brother, Ralegh Gilbert, who was then (July, 1608) in North Vir- ginia, was his heir, and returned to England to take charge of his estate. Se serai letters from Sir Walter 898 GILBERT — GODOLFINE Ralegh " to my nephew, Sir John Gil- bert, knight," are still preserved. Gilbert, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £62 10s. The inventor of a dredging machine, called a water plough, and a pump for draining mines ; licensed July 16, 1618. Gilbert, Otes or Otho. Of Comp- ton (who was related to Sir Richard Greenville) married Katherine Cham- pernoun (who was first cousin to George Carew, Earl of Totuess), and had by her three sous: Johii Gilbert of Greenway, Humphrey Gilbert of Compton, and Adrian Gilbert of Sand- ridge. Otho Gilbert died probably before 1550, and his wife married, secondly, Walter Ralegh of Fardell, and bore him thi-ee children, name- ly, Carew, Walter, and Margaret Ralegh. Gilbert, Ralegh, 1. Son of Sir Humphrey Gilbert, brother of Sir John Gilbert, aforesaid, and nephew of Sir Walter Ralegh; an incorporator in the first charter, April 10, 1606 ; presi- dent of the Council in Kcrth Virginia, 1608; married Elizabeth, daughter and heir of John Kelley, Esq., of Devon, and was living in 1620, having then five sons, the eldest of whom was five years old; M. C. for New England in 1620. He died in 1625, leaving seven children. His descendants, many of them, are now living in Cornwall, England. Giles, Sir Edward. Of the Xorth Virginia Company ; born at Totnes about 1580, one of Prince's worthies, aud a prominent Devonian throughout a long career. A soldier in the Low Countries, imder Elizabeth ; a cour- tier, knighted by James I., Jidy 23, 1603 ; constantly chosen M. P. for Totnes during the reigns of James I. and Charles I. ; was a member of the New England Council in 1620 ; was one of the five members called to court for remonstrating against ship- money in 1634, but excused himself on the score of ill health. Died in 1637, and was buried in Dean Prior Church. The epitaph on his monu- ment was written by Robert Herrick, who was for many years vicar of Dean. (Worth's " Devonshire.") Gipps — Gypes, Thomas, cloth- worker, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. " Son of Thomas Gipps, of St. Edmonds Bury in Com. Suffolke." He was mas- ter of the Clothworkers in 1635. Glanville, Francis, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Kil- worthy, Devon ; eldest sou of Sir Johu Glanville, justice Common Pleas. M. P. for Tavistock, 1614, 1621-22, 1625, and 1628-29 ; kmghted at Greenwich, May 16, 1621. Died in 1638. His younger brother, Sir Johu, was speaker of the Short Parliament of 1640. Glanville, Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Probably a party to the celebrated case in chancery, 1616. Glover, Rev. Mr. "An ancient Master of Arts in Cambiidge, an ap- proved Preacher in Bedford and Hunt- ingtonshire, reverenced and respected, and never wanting a competent sti- pend ; " sailed for Virginia with Sir Thomas Gates in June, 1611, " but be- ing in yeares, and of a weake consti- tution, and so after zealous and faith- ful performance of his Ministerial! dutie whilst he was able, he gave his soul to Christ Jesus, not long after reaching Virginia." Goddard, Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Godolfine, Sir "William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. " Eldest son and heir of Sir Francis Godolphin of Go- dolphin, Cornwall, bj' his wife, Mar- garet Killigrew ; was one of those gentlemen of quality who accompa- nied Robert, Earl of Essex, in his ex- pedition to Ireland against the rebels in 1599 ; and for his valour at Arclo, was knighted by the said Earl on his return to Dublin, July 13, 1599. He set out with great reputation, having, besides a very liberal education, trav- eled into most parts of Europe, and at- tained several languages. Mr. Carew makes this honourable mention of him : ' That he had so enriched himself with sufficiency for matters of Policy, by his long travels ; and for martial af- fairs, by his present carriage in Ire- land, that it is better known how far he outgoeth most others in both, than easily to be discerned ; for which he deserveth principal commendation.' He had so far signalized himself by his valour and conduct, that on the Spanish invasion in 1600, he was in such esteem with the Lord Montjoy, Lord Deputy of Ireland, that he in- trusted him with the command of his GODOLFINE — GONDOMAR 899 own brij^ade of horse, in the decisive battle of Kinsale, December 24, 1601, which victory was principal!}" owing to his gallant service, having broke through the whole body of Spaniards, entirely routed them, taking their chief commander prisoner, whereupon the Irish immediately threw away their arms and fled. And when Don John d'Aquila, commander of the Spaniards in the town of Kinsale, offered a parley desiring the lord-dep- uty to send some gentleman of spe- cial trust to confer with him and to receive his proposals, he was employed in the negotiation [related verbatim by Stow in his Annals] which was brought to a conclusion on January 2, 1G02, the Spaniards agreeing to quit all places in that kingdom. He af- terwards performed divers services against the rebels, and on March 20, 1602, for the great trust reposed in him, he was specially appointed to con- fer with the Earl of Tyrone and re- ceive (according to his request) his humble submission to her majesty. In the year 1603 he commanded in the Province of Leinster ; and the Irish rebels being subdued, he returned into England soon after the death of Queen Elizabeth, and in the first Par- liament called by King James, he was unanimously elected one of the knights for the county of Cornwall." M. P. for the county of Cornwall, 1605-11 ; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. He was buried at Breage, Sep- tember 5, 1613. His sister, Thomasin, married Sir George Carew, afterwards Earl of Totness. He married Thoma- sin, daughter and heir of Thomas Sid- ney, Esq., and had issue : thi-ee sons and a daughter, Francis, Sidney, Wil- liam, and Penelope. The eldest son, Francis, was the father of Sidney, J^ai'l of Godolphin, the celebrated prime minister ; the second son, Sidney, was a poet of some celebrity, and the third son, William, was a colonel of a regi- ment in the service of Charles I. The daughter, Penelope, married Sir Charles Berkeley, the oldest brother of Sir William Berkeley, so long gov- ernor of Virginia. Gondomar, *' Don Diego Sarmi- ento de Acuna, Count de Gondomar." Spanish ambassador to England. Ed- ward Edwards in his " Life of Ralegh," vol, 1. pp. 569-572, gives his pedigree, also a biography of him, from which I will extract : " He was born on All Saints' Day in 1567 ; was serving (though not actually in arms) against Francis Drake in 1584. He served against Portugal in 1589. He was made civil and military governor of Tuy in 1596, when the news came to the Escurial of the sailing of the ex- pedition under Essex and Ralegh. In Galicia, he acquitted himself so much to his master's satisfaction, that Philip the Second soon afterwards made him a knight of the order of Calatrava and governor and alcalde of Bayoime; with which he retained his important command at Tuy. He also became corregidor of Valladolid, and, event- ually, a member of the Spanish Coun- cil of State." " In the first days of 1613 the Eng- lish government was in expectation of a Spanish invasion," and on January 10 the Council ordered the sheriffs to search the houses of recusants for arms ; but the Spaniards persuaded themselves that the colony of Virginia, which was the " bone of contention," would certainly die out of itself, and they, resolving to leave the matter to diplomacy rather than to arms, re- placed their ambassador in England by one of the ablest diplomatists in their service, Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuna (see Gardiner's " Hist, of Eng- land," ii. pp 164, 165). He arrived at Portsmouth late in July, and at Lon- don in August, 1613. He found only four survivors of the original pen- sioners of Spain, " the Earl of North- ampton, and Lady Suffolk, Sir William Monson, the admiral of the narrow seas, and Mrs Drummond, the first lady of the bedchamber to the queen." To these Sir Thomas Lake was added within a few years, and Gondomar became very intimate with Sir Robert Cotton. The following is a copy of one of the last letters that I have from Gon- domar relating to the American en- terprise : ■ — General Archives of Simancas. De- partment of State, vol. 2596, folio 7. November 28, 1616. Copy of an orig- inal letter from Don Diego Sarmiento de Acuiia to the King of Spain, dated London, December 7, 1616. 900 GONDOMAR « Sire, — I have told Y. M. of tlie Colonies of Virgiuia and Bermuda wliat is found in different dispatches ; there is no news of importance, except that here altho' they consider that of Bermuda as of great importance ; on the other hand, it is reported that the mice have multiplied to such an extent as to eat their wlieat and any other grains which they sow, so that the English who have gone there have en- dured such suffering that five men took a boat with four oars, with a sack of bisquits and a barrel of water and came to this place. It took them nearly twenty days, having made the voyage in a very short time and meet- ing no storms, which has excited great admiration at their happy escape, and on this account they have been par- doned. They speak now of sending large supplies of provisions to Ber- muda. I have heard that the people on the island have sent some vessels to plunder and provide themselves with victuals in the countries nearest to Y. M.'s subjects. " In Virginia matters are said to go on better since they have made peace with the Indians ; but in spite of all that they complain very much of the misery endured there by the English, who are there, and it must be so, for the President of the Company of these Colonies, having authority here to take for their benefit any prisoners he may choose among those who have been condemned for criminal causes, has had some who have preferred hanging to going to Virginia. A few days ago, when they were about to hang some thieves, three of them, the soundest and strongest, were chosen to go to Virginia ; two of them accepted, but the third would not, and seeing the two returning to gaol, lie said ; Let them go there, and they will remem- ber me ! Then he urged the hangman to shorten his work, as if he was thus relieved of a greater evil, and thus it was done. Here, however, they pre- serve these places very carefully, as it appears to them that they will be very useful to England, if there sliould be war with Spain. And I feel sure that for this reason and for honour^s sake they tvill never give them up. May God preserve the Catholic person of Y. M. as Christendom needeth it. London, December, 7, 1616. DoN DiEGO Sarmiento de Acuna." He was created Count of Gondomar in April, 1617 ; but remained in Eng- until Jixly, 1618. Lorkin to Pucker- ing, from Greenwich, June 16, 1618 : "The Spanish ambassador [Gondo- mar] took his leave here at court on Sunday was sennight" (June 8th). The same letter mentions the arrival in London of Sir Walter Ralegh. During his absence the Spanish sec- retary, Julian Sanchez de Ulloa, was the acting Spanish ambassador, and on September 26, 1618, Philip III. wrote to him that " the English king assured Gondomar that he would either punish Raleigh and his associates for the mis- chief they had done in the Indies, or send them to Spain for punishment." Fray Diego de Laf uente (" Padre Msestro "), Gondomar's confessor, was also representing Spain in England during the autumn of 1618. Sanchez wrote to Philip III. from London October ^ 1, 1618 : " The Eng- lish ax"e very hastily settling and forti- fying Bermuda and Virginia, sending every year a number of men there, and this year more than 700 persons have already gone, taking with them samples of various fruits to plant, and a variety of fowls and cattle to raise there, and a supply of artillery, am- munition, and arms, and many tools to erect earthworks and fortifications." Gondomar returned to England in March, 16.^9 (Philip III. died March 31. 1621, and was succeeded by Philip IV.). I have a long letter written by Gondomar, on January 23, 162 1, to Secretary Juan de Ciriza regarding the taking of the Spanish ship, Sancto Antonio, at the Bermudas ; but Vir- ginia is not mentioned. The new Spanish ambassador, Don Carolo de Columbo (Don Carlos Coloma), ar- rived in England about the last of April, 1622 ; Gondomar returned to Spain in ]\Lay, 1622, and was never in England again. He was made a coun- cilor of state at Madrid in March, 162 1 . The assertion that James I. annulled the Va. charter at the in- stance of Gondomar is incorrect. When the charter was declared null and void by Chief Justice Lee, Gon- domar had been absent from England for more than two years. Spain's de- SIR THOMAS SMITH GONDOMAR — GORGES 901 mands were really against the colony, not the company. Spain's strongest point had been that her territory was being settled by a mere company of English adventurers. The annulling of the charter, and taking the colony more immediately and publicly under the protection of the crown of Eng- land was the conclusive answer to this point ; and the act was rendered nec- essary at this time, as well by the war then existing with Spain as by the factions which existed in the Va. Co. In fact, every member of the Council of War (April 21, 1624) was in- terested in Virginia, namely : Lord Grandison, Lord Carew, Lord Brooke, Lord Chichester, Sir Edward Conway, Sir Edward Cecil, Sir Horace Vere, Sir John Ogle, Sir Robert Mansell, and Sir Thomas Button. Gondomar died at Bommel in Flan- ders iu 1025. " He told a merry tale; read Shakespeare's plays, subscribed for a First Folio; liked English wines; assured Sir John Digby that he was an Englishman at heart ; was very gallant to the ladies ; " and " became all things to all men." Granger says, " Perhaps there never was a man who had so much art as Gondomar, with so little ajjpearance of it." Gonsou, Benjamin. Of Much Badow iu Essex. Treasurer of the marine causes. Elizabeth wi'ites of him as " our well-beloved cousin, Benjamin Gunson, Treasurer of our Admiralty." He married " Ursula, daughter of An. Hussey, judge of the admiralty, and agent at Anvers to Queen Mary," by whom four sons and ten daughters. (See "Visitation of Essex," Harl. Soc. Pub.) Of the daughters, Avice (or Katherine ?) married Sir John Hawkins, and Thomazine married, first, Capt. Edward Fenton, and, sec- ondly, Christopher Browne, of Sayes Court, whose granddaughter, Marv, married John Evelyn (16::0-1706), the virtuoso. Goodere — Goodyear, Sir Hen- ry, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. -. (There were two knights of this name: one knighted at Dubliji August 5, 1599, the other at Lamore in June, liiUS.) Goodwin, Sir Francis, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Of Upper Winchenden, Bucks. M. P. Bucks County, 158G-87; Wycombe, 1588-«9; Bucks' again, 1597-98, and 1UU4 till he resigned in 1600, when tlected for Buckingham town, 1606-11 ; for the county again in 1614, 16i5, and 1626. Gore, Robert, merchant-tailor, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Also of N. W. P. Co. Robert and Ralph Gore were brothers, sons of Gerrard Gore of London, alderman, who died De- cember 11, 1607. Ralph joined the Va. Co. soon after 1612, and was one of the directors of the company iu 1618. His brothers William and John were also members prior to 1020, and Thomas Gore, who died in Virginia August 16, 1607, was probably another brotlier. John Gore was Lord Mayor of London in 1624. The four broth- ers, Robert, Ralph, William, and John, were also of the E. I. Co. Extract from the Gorges Pedi- gree. — Sir Edward Gorges, who tlied in February, 155 S, married Mary, daughter of Sir Anthony Poyntz, and had by her, with others : (1) Sir Wil- liam, (2) Sir Thomas, and (3) Ed- mund. (1.) Sir William Gorges, who died in 1584, married Winifred Budocks- head, first cousin to Sir Walter Ra- legh, and they were the parents of Sir Edward Gorges, buried iu Westminster Abbey, 1625. (?.) Sir Thomas Gorges, who died in 1610, married Helena Shackeuburg, a Swede (widow of William Parr, Marquis of Northampton), (see West pedigi-ee), and had by her, with others, Edward Lord Gorges, Elizabeth (who married, first. Sir Hugh Smythe, sec- ondly. Sir Ferdinando Gorges), and Bridget, who married Sir Robert Phil- ips of Montacute, Somerset. (3.) Edmund Gorges, Esq., who died in 1557, was the father of Edward, who married, in 1559, Cicely Lygon, and had by her two sons. Sir Ferdi- nando and Sir Edward (born 1564, died 16i4), who married Dorothy, daugliter of Sir G. Speke. Gorges, Ed-wrard. I take this to be either the son of Sir William or the brother of Sir Ferdinando (see pedi- gree), both of whom were knighted in 1603. (See p. 14.) Gorges, Edward Lord. Of the North Va. Co. Eldest son and heir of 902 GORGES Sir Thomas Gorges (see pedigree). He was born iu 1582 ; kuighted April 9, 1603 ; created a baronet of England November 25, 161 1', and advanced to the peerage of Ireland July 13, 1620, as Baron Gorges of Dundalk, County Louth. Was a member of the New England Council, November 3, 1620, and continued to take an active inter- est iu that council and colony. He was chosen president of the council, and held that office iu April, 1635, at the time of the resignation to the crown of the Great Charter of New England. He was still living and still interested in colonization in November, 1638. The date of his death is not known to me. He was succeeded by his son Richard, second Lord Gorges, who was for a time one of the council for for- eign plantations. He died in 1712 in his 93d year. Married Bridget, daugh- ter of Sir R. Kingsmill, but left no surviving issue. Gorges, Sir Ferdinand©. Son of Edward Gorges (1537-68) and his wife. Cicely Lygon, of Madresfield, Worcestershire (see pedigree) ; born about 1566 ; served at Sluys in 1587 ; knighted bv Essex before Rouen in October, 1591 ; M. P. for Cardigan, 1592-93 ; " Governor of the Forts of Plimouth " prior to 1597, in which year he was sergeant-major in the fleet sent to the lies of Azores, under Essex, in which voyage he was very sick ; in some way implicated in the so-called " Rising of the Earl of Es- sex," February 8, 1601, and was for a time confined as a prisoner in the Gatehouse. He is said to have re- vealed the plot to Cecil and Ralegh, for which act he is blamed by some and commended by others. It Avas in connection with this fracas that Ralegh had his quarrels with Gorges and Preston. He was deprived of the command of the New Fort at Plymouth about July, 1603 ; but on " Sept. 1.5, 1603, he was restored to his former post," etc., and he continued in this office for many years. He aided in sending out the Weymouth expedi- tion of May-July, 1605 ; and continued to take an active and earnest interest in America as long as he lived. He was a member of his Majesty's Coun- cil for Virginia from the first. Was a member of Lord Rich's African Conx- pany, November 16, 1618 ; member of the South Va. Co. prior to Novem- ber 17, 1619. In December, 1619, he had some decided ditierences with ]Mr. Delbridge and the Va. Co. of London, regarding the fisheries about Cape Cod, within the bounds of the Northern Company, and on March 3, 1620, the North Colouj^ asked for a separate or special charter with ad- ditional privileges, etc., as the South Colony had done eleven years before. INlarch 31, 1620, Sir Ferdinando Gorges was one of the arbitrators chosen by the Earl of Warwick, in settling the dif- ferences between the said earl and the E. I. Co., regarding the taking of the Lion, Capt. Thomas Jones (a ship be- longing to the earl), in the East Indies; attended the quarter court of South Va. Co., June 28, 1620. The warrant for preparing the new charter for the Northern Company was issued July 23, 1620. The Mayflower, Capt. Thomas Jones, was sent out by the Southern Company in August, 1620, with a pa- tent for lands within the bounds of that colony, which did not extend north of 40° north latitude. The new charter for the North Colony passed the seals and was issued November 3, 1020, granting to that company the lauds north of the Southern Colony, that is, from 40° to 48° north latitude. Sir Ferdinando Gorges was a member of His Majesty's first Council for New England, named in the said charter of November 3, 1620. Although the Northern Company had strengthened their rights to the Cape Cod fisheries, by planting a colony as near there as convenient as well as by the new char- ter, the question was not settled ; but was taken before Parliament in 1621, where the rights of the Northern Company were defended by Gorges. June 1, 1621, he was one of the signers of the first Plymouth patent. July 27, 1621, he requested the E. I. Co. to loan him " certain stores for a ship he is building of a new fashion, such as the East India Company might make use of, and that he hoped to find a way to out-sail the Dutch." "Au- gust 29, 1621, the East India Company lent 2,000 trenails to Sir F. Gorges, captain of His Majesties Castle at Plymouth." In this year 1621, Capt. Samuel Argall, Gorges, and others GORGES 903 protested against the Dutch settling in certain parts of America. In 1022 he sent his son Robert, with a large patent for lands, to '* Messa- chuset " in Xew England. In June, 1024, he was intending to send his son on an expedition fitted out in New England, to annoy the Spaniards, in their possessions in the West Indies. He was a regular attendant at the meetings of the Council of New Eng- land, serving as governor and as treas- urer. In 102-1 he answered the French claim to Xew England. July 15, 1024, he was one of the commissioners for winding up the Va. Co. of London, and was afterwards a member of the Council for His Ma- jesty's Colony of Virginia. " In 1025 he commanded a ship-of- war in a squadron under orders from the Duke of Buckingliam, which was sent to the assistance of France, under pretense of being employed against the Genoese. But a suspicion having arisen that they were destined to assist Louis against his Protestant subjects at Rochelle, as soon as they were ar- rived at Dieppe, and found that they had been deceived, Gor^^es was the first to break his orders, and return with his ship to England. The others followed his example, and their zeal for the Protestant religion was much applauded." November 17, 1629, the Council for New England granted, by indenture, to Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Capt. John Mason certain lands upon the rivers of the Irroquois, wiiich tb.ey intended naming the Province of La- conia. During 1632 began some differences in the N. E. Council and Colony, which I cannot discuss ; as a final result, on April 25, 1035, the Great Charter was surrendered to the king, and the next day the king appointed Sir Ferdinando Gorges governor of His Majesty's Colony of New England. He was a member of the Church of Eng- land, and many leading men in tlie colony were Puritans ; naturally there were differences of opinion between them, wiiich I cannot attempt to de- cide. April 3, 1639, certain lands in New England were granted to Sir Ferdi- nando, " to be hereafter called the Province of Maine; " and to this prov- ince he chiefly devoted his remaining years. " When the civil dissensions in Eng- land broke out into a war. Gorges took the royal side ; and, though then far advanced in years, engaged personally in the service of the crown. He was in Prince Rupert's army at the siege of Bristol in 1043 ; and when that city was retaken in 1045 by the Parlia- ment forces, he was plundered and imprisoned. His political principles rendered him obnoxious to the ruling powers, and, when it was necessary for him to appear before the Commission- ers for foreign Plantations, he was severely frowned upon, and conse- quently discouraged." He died at Long Ashton, Somerset, and was buried there. May 14, 1647. I have only attempted a mere out- line of the services of Sir Ferdinando Gorges in the matter of our genesis. He is said to have expended £20,000 (.S500,000) in the Northern Colonies, being a principal agent, and chiefly interested in them for forty odd years, and from the beginning. He married, first, February 24, 1590, Ann, daughter of Edward Bell, of Writtle, Essex. She died August 6, 10^0, and was buried in St. Sepulchre's, London. He had issue by her four sons and two daughters. Married, sec- ondly, December 21, 1621, Mary, daughter of Thomas Fulford, Esq. ; she died in 1623, without issue. Married, thirdly, December 6, 1627, Elizabeth, daughter of Tristram Gorges, and widow, first, of Edward Courtney, secondly, of William Blythe ; she died in March, 1029, without issue. Mar- ried, fourthly, September 23, 1629, " Madame Elizabeth Smyth de Long Ashton." She was the daughter of Sir Thomas Gorges (see pedigree). Sir Ferdinando's fourth " venture " survived him, but had no issue by him. He had children by his first wife only, namely : John, born 1593 ; married, first. Lady Frances Clinton ; secondly, Mary, daughter of Sir John Meade. Robert, sometime governor of New England. Ellen and Honoria. Both daughters died young ; the otlier two sons, both named George, died young, I believe. 904 GORING — GREENE Goring, Sir George, Sub. ; pd. £25. Knighted at Greenwich, May 29, 1608 ; M. P. Lewes, 1621-22, 1624-25, 1625, 1626, and 1627-28 ; created Baron Goring in 1628, and Earl of Norwich, 1646. Distinguished roy- alist, and father of the celebrated Gen. George Goring. He married Mary, daughter of Edward Neville, Baron Abergavenney ; died in 1662 or 1663. Gosnold, Anthony, Sr. (see next), brother of Capt. Bartholomew Gos- nold, w^as drowned in James River, Vir- ginia, in January, 1609. Gosnold, Anthony, the Younger, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Son of An- thony, Sr. (Mem. — There was a fam- ily of the name at " Swvland in Com. Suffolk." See " Vis. of London," Harl. Soc, 1883, vol. ii. p. 176.) He went to Virginia in 1606 with his uncle and father ; October 30, 1621, the company granted him three shares of land in Virginia for his adventures, and on the same day he transferred one share to Robert Gosnold, and another to Roger Castle. In February, 1601, a Robert Gosnold was implicated in the Essex rising, and confined for a time in the " Marshalsey," the same, probably, who was afterwards captain of St. Andrew's Castle, County Hants. Gosnold, Captain Bartholomew. He served Sir Walter Ralegh in one or more expeditions to America. In 1602 he made a direct voyage to our New England coast. In December, 1606, he sailed for the South Virginia Colony, Avhere he died August 22, 1607. The solicitor-general in the reign of Edward VI. was a Mr. Gosnold, prob- ably of the same family. Gouge — Goughe. Thomas, gent., 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; £37 10s. Gouge, William, D. D., Puritan divine. Born December 25, 1578; educated at King's College in Cam- bridge ; minister of St. Anne's, Black- friars, in London, 1608-53; a cousin of Rev. Alexander Whitaker of Virginia ; he took an especial interest in, and care of, the Virginia Indians sent to London. He was a member of the celebrated Westminster Assembly of divines, 1643. Died December 12, 1653. " He came to his grave in a full age, like as a shock of corn Com- eth in his season." (See Dr. William Whitaker.) Gourges, Dominic de. Died in 1593, on his way to London. Gower. See Gore. Grantham, Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Of St. Cath- erines, Lincolnshire ; knighted April 23, 1603 ; M. P. Lincoln, 1604-11 and 1614 ; Lincolnshire, 1624-25 ; Lincoln again, 1625, 1626, and 1628-29. Graves, Thomas, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25 ; went to Virginia in the Mar}- and Margaret in 1608 ; a member of the first House of Burgesses in America (for Sniythe's Hundred), July 30, 1619 ; living on the Eastern Shore in 1620 ; a burgess for Accow- macke (Northampton) in 1629-32 ; a commissioner in 1621-32 ; and a member of the first regular vestry of the parish, Septeniber 14, 1635. He was possibly the father of John Graves, who wrote " A Song of Sion, by a Citizen thereof whose outward habitation is in Virginia. 1652." Gray — Grey, Lady Elizabeth, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Second daughter and sole heir of Gilbert, Earl of Shrewsbury, and wife of Henry Grey de Rutliyn, son and successor of Charles, the seventh Earl of Kent. She married, secondly, John Selden. Gray. Sir John, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £12 10s. Knighted by Essex at Cales in 1596 ; M. P. Grampound, 1601, and Aldborough, 1610-11. Grey, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Transferred his two shares in Virginia to Richard Baynam on June 28, 1620. Gray, Robert, author. (Probably the author of " An Allarum for Eng- land." Licensed to John Budge, Jan- uary- 26, 1609. A person of this name was the schoolmaster at the Charter- house, 1624-26.) Greene, Laurence, grocer, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. " Late ap- prentice with Mr. Alderman Brooke ; sworn to freedom January 26, 1592 ; admitted to livery, 1601 ; elected on the Court of Assistants .July 26, 1611 ; was second warden in 1615." (From Grocers' Records.) Also of E. I. and N. W. P. companies. In October, 1641, Laurence Greene, merchant, petitioned the Privy Council, for a warrant for the transportation of twenty passengers and provisions to Virginia, where he had twenty-four GREENVILLE — GREVILLE 905 servants ; the license was granted October 20, 1(341, and the provisions were transported to Virginia in the Mayflower. Greenville — Grenville — Gran- ville, Bernard, es(]uire. Eldest son of Sir Richard Greenville, of Stow, who bronght the first colony to Roanoke. He was sheriff of Cornwall in lii'JG ; M. P. for Bodmin, 1597-98. Jannary 16, 1598, Ralegh wrote to Lord Burgh- ley, asking to have " Mr. Barnarde Grenville " made one of the deputy levetenantes in Cornwall, saying, " the gentleman is very sufficient, and the rest shall receive great ease thereby ; and her Majesties service the better performed." AL C. for Va., March 9, 1607 ; knighted by Lord Deputy Chi- chester, in Ireland, November 5, 1608; one of his majesty's tenants in Ireland, 1611, etc. ; buried at Kilkhampton, June 26, 1636. He married Eliza- beth, daughter of Philip Bevil, Esq., and had issue four sons and two daughters ; one of the sons. Sir Bevil Granville, the boldest of the Cavalier leaders, the Bayard of England, was grandfather of the celebrated George Granville, Lord Lansdowne. Greenville ^ — ^Greenefield, Cap- tain IldvT^ard. Son of Richai'd Greine- ville, of Wotton, esquire. He was born July 4, 1561 ; was first captain of a pinance called the Swallow, and after of a bark called the Thomas, under Sir Francis Drake. He died at Car- thagena, South America, unmarried. Greenville, Sir Richard, son of Sir Roger Granville, an esquire of the body to Henry VIII., and his wife Thomasine, daughter of Thomas Cole, Esq., of Slade in Devon, was born iu 1540 ; at an early age, by permission of Queen Elizabeth, he entered the imperial army in Hungary, and at- tained high reputation for his achieve- ments against the Turks ; M. P. for Cornwall in 1571, and for Launceston, 1572 to 1583 ; interested in new dis- coveries, 1574 ; knighted at " Winde- sore " in 1577 ; sheriff of Cornwall, 1578 ; aided in sending out Amadas and Barlow, 1584 ; M. P. for Corn- wall, 1584—85; and served on the com- mittee for confirming Ralegh's patent; took the first colony to Virginia, April to October, 1585 ; made a voyage to supply them, April to December, 1586; took Spanish prizes on each voyage ; member of the council of war pre- paring to meet Spain, 1587; serving against the Armada, 1588. In 1591 he was vice-admiral of the fleet sent un- der Sir Tiiomas Howard to intercej^t the Spanish Plate fleet, and " closed a noble life in the stoutest sea-fight ever waged." He "gave up the ghost with great and stout courage, and no man could perceive any true sign of heaviness in him." He married Mary, daughter and co-heir of Sir John St. Legei", and their eldest son was Ber- nard (ireenville (whom see). Green-well, William, merchant- tailor, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £100. Of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies ; contractor to supply cordage to the navy, etc. He was added to the King's Council for the Va. Co. ; was a director of the N. W. P. Co., and dep- uty^-governor of the E. I. Co. He died iu 1621. Was of St. Gabriel, Fenchurch, London ; married, in 1582, Ellen Kettell, spinster. Gresham, Sir Thomas. Born in London, 1519 ; king's agent at Ant- werp, 1552 ; knighted by Queen Eliz- abeth, 1559 ; Gresham' s Exchange, 1569 ; interested in Frobisher's voy- ages, 1576—78 ; planned Grcsham's College in 1575 ; died in London, November 21, 1579. He was one of the greatest merchants of his time. (See his life by Burgon.) C^^^'^^'Y^ rp- Greville, Sir Fulke. Son of Sir Fidke Greville, Sr., by his wife Anne, daughter of Ralph Neville, Earl of Westmoreland, was born at Alcaster, in Warwickshire, in 1554. He was a kinsman to 'Sir Henry Sidney, the father of Sir Philip, and to Sir Francis Walsingham. About 1564 or 1565 he was at school with his cousin Philip Sidney, at Shrewsbury. From thence, it seems, he went to Jesus College in 1568, and not to Trinity College, in Cambridge ; thence to his travels on the continent, etc. One of the sponsors for Penelope West, September 9, 1582 ; U. P. Heydon, 1584-85. Sidney's scheme for colonizing America ; with Sidney 906 GREVILLE — GULSTONE about to embark for America in July, 1585. M. P. for County Warwick in Par- liaments of 1592-93, 1597-98, and 1601. Speed says, " He was many times elected knight of the shire, with that thrice worthy and honoured knight. Sir Thomas Lucy. A better choyse the Countie could not make ; for they were learned, wise, and honest." Served Henry IV. in 1591; knighted October, 1597. "Treasurer of 5larine Causes for life in 1599, and is said to have accepted about the same time a com- mission as rear-admiral in the fleet, which was then eqiujjped to resist a second invasion threatened by the Spaniards." He was consulted by Queen Elizabeth before she granted the charter to the E. I. Co. in 1600 ; Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King James, July 25, 1603 ; M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607 ; chancellor and under-treasurer of the exchequer, 1614 to 1621. Admitted into the E. I. Co. in 1615, and into the Va. Co. of London, December 17, 1617. M. P. for County Warwick, 1620-21, till peer. He was created Baron Brooke of Beauchampe Court, Janu- ary 19, 1621, and soon after made lord of the bedchamber. He founded a Professorship of History in Cambridge in 1628. His will is dated Eebruary 18, 1628. He never married. Died at Brooke House, Holborn, from a wound received from one of his servants, September 30, 1628, in his seventy-fifth year. " His body was laid in his own vault, in the great church at Warwick, under a monument, which he had erected him- self, with this remarkable inscrip- tion ; — FtTLKE GrEVILLE. Servant to Queen Elizabeth, Councillor to King .Tames, and Friend to Sir Philip Sidney. Trophaeum Peccati." " One great argument of his merit was his regard to that of others, desir- ing to be known to posterity under no other character than that of Sliake- speare's and Ben Jonson's ^Master, Lord Chancellor Egerton's and Bislu)]) Over- al's Patron, and Sir Philip Sidney's Friend." (Lloyd.) His cousin and heir, Robert Greville, second Lord Brooke, was one of tlie fouii'lers of Saybrook in Connecticut. Grey. — See Gray. Grobham, Sir Richard. Sub. £75; pd. £50. Of Wishford, County Wilts; the son of Nicholas Grobham, Esq., of Bishop's Lydiard, Somerset ; knighted at Royston, April 1, 1604 ; married Margaret, daughter of William Whit- more, of Buldwas, Shropshire, and London (who married Anne, daugh- ter of Alderman Sir William Bond), and sister of Sir George Whitmore. M. C. for Va. Co., 1612. He died in 1629, without issue. His sister and heir, Jane Grobham, married John Howe, Esq., and was ancestor of the Viscounts Howe. Gryce, Nicholas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Guercheville, Antoinette de Pons, Madame La Marquis de. " Lady of Honor to the Queen of France " (Marie de Mddici). Gulstone — Goulston, Dr. Theo- dore. A celebrated phj sician ; born in 1572; educated at Merton College, Oxford, where he took his doctor's degree April 30, 1610 ; after which he became fellow (December 29, 1611) and censor of the College of Phy- sicians, and practiced his profession with great celebrity in London. Sep- tember 6, 1614, he was sworn a free brother of the E. I. Co., gratis, at the request of Sir Edwin Sandys, whose life he had saved ; and on September 11, 1614, Lorkin wrote to Puckering : "The Archbishop [George Abbot] hath been lately in great danger of death, from a fish's bone, which stuck in his throat as he was one day at din- ner, and could not a long time be re- moved. The doctors gave him over as desperate ; yet, at length. Dr. Gulston found means to relieve him." " Ultamatamakin (commonly called Tomacomo), one of Pohatans councel- lours, that came over with Dale, was a frequent guest at Master Doctor Gold- stone's in 1616, where he sang and danced his diabolicall measures, and discoursed of his Countrey and Re- ligion." June 14, 1619, Dr. Gulstone was appointed on the committee of the Va. Co., concerning the college in Vir- ginia. December 15, 1619, he bought six shares of land in Virginia from John Cage, Esq., three shares from Peter GULSTONE — HAKE WELL 907 Bartle, and one share from John Payne, gent. In July, 1621, he recommended to the Va. Co. Dr. John Potts for the jjhysician's place in Virginia, vacated by the death of Dr. Lawrence liohiin. He died May 4, 1G32, and left by his will iI200 to purchase a rentcharge for the endowment of a pathological lecture, to be delivered yearly in the College of Pliysieians of London ; which lecture now liears his name. He was distinguished as a Latin and Greek scholar ; translated several works from the Greek into Latin, two of which he published during his life, and a third was edited, after his death, by his friend the Rev. Thomas Gataker (1574-1654). He married Helen Sotherton, daugh- ter of George Sotherton, a mercliaut- tailor and M. P. for London, who died in 1599. Guy, John. N. Fid. Co. ; a mer- chant of Bristol trading to Newfound- land. He wrote a treatise in 1609, to animate the English to plant in that island ; was an incorporator of the company in 1610, and governor of, and living in, Newfoundland, 1610-12. He was an alderman and mayor of Bristol, and M. P. for that city in 1621-22, " when the monies collected in Bristol for the Palatinate were transmitted to John Whitson and himself, to be by them paid to the proper authorities." He was also one of the arbitrators with Whitson in November, 1626, in the Callowhill case. Gwinn. See Winne. Gypes. See Gipps. Hackshawe, Thomas. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Hackwell. See Hakewell. Haiw^ard — Hayward — Haward — Heyw^ard, etc.. Sir George, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 lOs. Son of Sir Thomas Smythe's sister, Catharine, by her first husband, Sir Rowland Hay- ward ; knighted at Theobald's in 1604. Chamberlain wrote to Mrs. Alice Carleton on February 16, 1(>14 : " Sir George Haywood, the Lady Scott's son by old Rowland, is fallen mad." Haw^ard, James, merchant, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £12 10s. HaiTvard (Hayward, etc.), John. (There were evidently three members of this name in the Va. Co., namely, (1) John Hayward or Master John Hayward, (2) Rev. John, or John, clerk, or John, minister, and (3) Sir John Haiward, knight. They paid in all £112 10s.) Hayward, Master John, the his- torian, was born in SuH'olk in 1560 ; was D. C. L. of Cambridge ; pleader in ecclesiastical courts. Ihe first part of his "Life and Raigne of King llenrie the IV." was publislied in 159i). Elizabeth was displeased with the book, and ordered Bacon to search it for treasons. He reported no treason, but many felonies ; for the author " had stolen many of his sentences and conceits out of Cornelius Tacitus." He was historiographer of Chelsea College in 1610 ; wrote the lives of the three Norman kings (William I. and II. and Henry I.) of England for Prince Henry, which w'ere published in 1613 ; knighted November 9, 1619; M. P. for Bridgenorth, 1621-22, and for Saltash, 1626 ; married Jane, daughter of Andrew Paschal, Esq., of Springfield, Essex. He died in Lon- don, June 27, 1627, and was buried in Great St. Bartholomew's. His will is dated March 30, 1626, and was proved June 28, 1627. " His Life of Edward VI. " was published, after his death, in 1630. Haivvrard (etc.), Rev. John, 2. Sub. £37 10s. (In Stith's list of mem- bers in the second charter he is called " John HowaTd, clerk ; " in the list of subscribers, " John //e?/ward, mynis- ter ; " in the Somers Islands charter,, "John Hayward or Hevward, clerk."). Author of " The Strong' Helper, 1614," etc. Haiward, Sir John, 3. Sub. £75. Second son of Sir Rowland Hayward by his second wife, Catharine Smythe; knighted at Windsor, July 23, 1609; high sheriff of Kent in 1624. Hai^ward, Roland. See Hayward. Ha.keAvell, William, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 lOs.; pd. £12 10s. Born in Exeter, 1574 ; barrister of Lincoln's Inn ; M. P. Bossinev, 1601, St. Mi- chael's, 1604-11, 1614, Tregonv, 1621- 22, Amersham, 1624-25 and 1628-29 ; was master in chancery at decease ; died October 31, 1655, aged 81. He married a niece of Lord Bacon's ; was queen's solicitor in 1617. His brother, 908 HAKLUYT — HAMOR Dr. George Hakewill, Archdeacon of Surrey, and hinaself were eomniitted to custody in August, 1G21, for pre- senting to Prince Charles, without the king's knowledge, a discourse against the Spanish match. He was on the Virginia Commission of July 15, 1624. Author "Liberty of the Subject, 1G41." Hakluyt, Richard, the Elder. Of the Middle Temple, a cousin to the Rev. Richard. He was much inter- ested in foreign lands and the advance- ment of English commerce. Henry Lane, of tlie Skinnei's' Company in 1567, wrote to him in behalf of the fur trade of that company. About 1568 he showed his cousin, Richard, " certeine bookes of Cosmographie, with an L'niversall Mappe," and pointed out to him the various seas, lands, etc., and then turning to the 107th Psalm, directed him to the 23d and 24th verses, where he read " that they which go downe to the sea in ships and occupy by tlie great waters, they see the works of the Lord and his wonders in the deepe," etc., and his discourse influenced his cousin in pros- ecuting those studies. He consulted Dr. Dee, June 30, 1578 ; gave instructions for the Pet and Jackman voyage in May, 1580. Walsingham sent a letter by him to the Bristol merchants, March 11, 1583. Lane wrote a letter to him from Vir- ginia, September 3, 1585. Hakluyt, Rev. Richard, 1. Sub. ; pd. £21. Born about 1552 ; " brought up at Westminster school ; " became interested in cosmography ; entered Christ Church College, Ox- ford, in 1570 ; B. A., February 19, 1573; M. A., June 27,1577; consulted Ortetius; delivered public lectures on Cosmography, etc. ; dedicated his " Divers Voyages," to Sir Philip Sid- ney in 1582 ; letters from Walsingham and Parmenius to him in 1583; chap- lain of the English legation at Paris, 1583-88. Letters from Paris, 1584- 86. Wrote discourse on " Western Planting" for Ralegh in 1.584; caused the journals of Ribault and others to be published, 1586. He publislied "De Orbe Novo," etc., in Paris about March, 1587, and in London, May 1, 1587, his translation of the journals of Landonuiere, etc. The first edition of his " Principal Navigations," etc., No- vember 17, 1589. His first wife died about 1597, leaving an only child, Ed- mond. The second edition in three volumes of his " Principal Naviga- tions," etc. : first volume in 1598, second, 1599, and third in 1600. Pub- lished " Galvano's Discoveries of the World " in 1601 ; was interested in Pring's voyage to New England, 1603 ; one of the chaplains of the Savoy ; married, secondly, about March 30, 1604, when about 52 years old, Fran- ces, widow of William Sraithe of St. Botolph, Bishopsgatc, gent., deceased ; had been prebendary of Bristol Ca- thedral since 1585 ; in 1605 was ap- pointed a prebendary of Westminster, and rector of Wetheringset in Suffolk. He died at Eaton in Herefordshire in Novembex", 1616. His will, dated Au- gust 20, 1612, was proved November 23, 1616. He was buried in West- minster Abbey, November 26, 1616. June 13, 1621, his son Edmond trans- ferred two shares in Virginia to John Moore. '^x^/W jijotLCiyl ^*'*'^^ Hall, Richard, grocer, 3. Sub. £50 ; pd. . One of the farmers of the impost on tobacco; in February, 1610, he was granted £160 lis. in consideration of his great losses as abatement of his impost on tobacco. Hainan. See Hampton. Hamer — Hamor, Ralph, the Elder, merchant-tailor, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £133 6s. 8d. He was an incorporator, and for a time a director of the E. I. Co. He died in 1615, leaving his widow, Susan, as execu- trix of his estate. Two. of their sons went to Virginia, Raphe in 1609, and Thomas in 1617. Thomas was at Master Harrison's house near War- raskoyack at the time of the massa- cre, March 22, 1622. On the 24th of January, 1623, George Harrison wrote from Jamestown that " I homas Hamor was very sick." He probably died before February, 1624. Hamor, Ralph, the Younger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Went to Vir- ginia in 1609, and remained tliere until June 18, 1614. On the 8tli of January, 1617, the company gave him eight shares in Virginia, and on the 15th of HAMOR — H ARCOURT 909 Jiumary " bills of adventure allowed to Capt. Raphe Hamor and the per- sons here under named for every man transported at their eharge being 16, who were to have noe Bonds, vizth. : one bill of £12 10s. for Mr. Rob. Sturton ; one Bill of £25 for Mr. Christo: Martin ; one Bill of £12 10s. for Mr. John Blaekall ; one Bill of £50 for Mr. Tho: Hamor ; one Bill of £62 10s. for Mr. Raphe Hamor ; one Bill of £25 for Mr. William Tucker ; one Bill of £12 lOs. for Mr. Elias Roberts." He sailed from England about Marcli, and arrived in Virginia in May, 1617. He >vas a member of the council in Virginia, 1621 to 1628, and probably after. Hamersley, Master Hugh, haber- dasher, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. "A great and general merchant ; " mem- ber of the Rus., E. L, N. W. P., and other companies ; was a director and an auditor of the E. I. Co. ; sheriff of London, 1618-19 ; alderman of Bish- opsgate ward, 1619-22, and Aldgate ward, 1622-36 ; " Coronel of London and President of the Honorable Artil- lery Company ; " lord mayor, 1627- 28 ; knighted June 8, 1628 ; president of Christ's Hospital, 1634, till decease. Died October 19, 1636, aged 71, and lies buried under " a great Monument in the North Wall," of the Church of St. Andrew's LTndershaft, London. He gave the Haberdashers' Company a silver gilt salt cellar by Cellini. Hampton, Captain John, of Plym- outh. Ralegh referred to him as " a sea captain of the greatest experience in England " in 1595. Hampton, Thomas, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Hanbury, John, merchant-tailor. Pd. £1 + £25. Hancock, William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £62 lOs. Hanger, George. Pd. £25. Hanham, Sir John, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Dean's Court, Wiuborne, Dorset ; eldest son of Thomas Hanham, sergeant at law, by his wife, Penelope, daugiiter of Sir John Popham ; M. P. East Looe, 1601; knighted at Charterhouse, May 11, 1603; M. P. Weymouth, 1604-11. He was sheriff of Dorset, 12 James I. Died in 16 — , without issue, and was succeeded at Dean's Court by his brother Thomas (see Popham ped- igree). Hanham, Thomas, 1. Son of Thomas Hanham and brother of the above Sir John ; was a member of the New England Council, November 3, 1620 ; succeeded his brother, Sir John, at Dean's Court ; left a son, John, whose son. Sir William Han- ham, was created a baronet. (It may have been the father, but I think it was this Thomas, who was named in the charter of April 10, 1606, and who went to North Virginia with Pring iu that year. See Sir John Popham.) Hansford, Humfrie, grocer, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £-50. Son of William Hansford, of London ; was baptized in St. Mary Woolchurch Haw, March 11, 1565 ; was an incor- porator of the E. I. Co., 1600 ; church- waiTlen of St. Mary Woolchurch, 1606- 08 ; a director of the E. I. Co. in 1607, and for many years thereafter ; incor- porator of the N. W. P. Co., July 26, 1612 ; gave "an elegant cushion for the Pulpitt and a Puli)itt Cloth" to St. Mary Woolchurch in 1613. Lyson says, "The old house at Woodford- row was built in 1617, by Sir Hum- phrey Handforth, master of the ward- robe to James 1., who is said freqviently to have dined there, when hunting in the forest." Was a member of the N. Fid. Co. ; on the commission to treat with the Hollanders, January 8, 1619 ; recommended by King James for treasurer of the Va. Co. in Mav, 1622; sheriff of London, 1622-23 ; knighted at Woodford Row, July 14, 1622 ; elected alderman of Castle Baynard ward, August 13, 1622. On February 5, 1623, he transferred one share of his lands in Virginia to Sir Timothy Thornehill. He was on the commis- sion for the Va. Co., July 15, 1624. Died at Woodford Row, and was bur- ied " in his vawte at Wool-church, Nov. 1, 1625." Hansford, John, merchant-tailor. 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Proba- bly the brother of Sir Humfrey who was baptized February 25, 1571. (Colonel Hansford of Bacon's Rebel- lion, " had the honor of being the first Virginian born that ever was hanged.") Harcourt, Robert. Eldest son of Sir Walter Harcourt, of Stanton- 910 HARCOURT — HARIOT Harcourt, by his wife Dorothj', daugh- ter of William Robinsou, of Draytou- Bassett in StafPordshii-e. " His brother Michael and himself were interested with Sir Walter Ralegh in Wiaffero, and Guyana in South America." He was on a voyage to Guiana, March to December, 1609, and his brother, Capt. Michael Harcourt, remained there at " Wiapoco," until 1612. James I. granted to him and others a patent, August 28, 1613. They sent out an expedition under Capt. Ed- ward Harvey in 1616-17, and Collins says that "Robert Harcourt was the most considerable adventurer with Sir Walter Raleigh in his Voyage to Guy- ana," 1617-18. He married, in 1598, Frances Vere, sister of Sir Horace Vera, and died in 1631, aged fifty- seven years. Hare, John, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Probably the eld- est sou of Sir Ralph Hare, of Slow Bardolph, Norfolk. M. P. for Ayles- bery, 1625, Evesham, 1626, and King's Lynn, 1628-29. Knighted Decembor 4, 1617 ; married Elizabeth, daughter of Lord Keeper Coventry. Harfleet, Sir Thonias, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £12 10s. "Thomas Sep- tuans als Harfleete of Kent " was knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603. Harington. See Harrington. Harlot, Thomas. An eminent English mathematician; was born at Oxford in 1560, and, having been in- structed in Grammar-learning in that city, became a Batler or Commoner of St. Mary's Hall in that University, where he took the degree of Bachelor of Arts, February 12, 1579 [1580], and in the latter end of that year completed it by determination in School Street. Soon after he came to the knowledge of Sir Walter Ralegh on account of his admirable skill in the Mathematics, and was entertained by that gentleman, with the allowance of an annual pension, for instructing him in that science. He was sent by Sir Walter to Virginia in 1585, where he was employed, from June 1585, to June 1586, in the discovery and sur- veying of the country, observing the manners, customs, etc., of the people. And, upon his return he published the result of his labors in " A Briefe and True Repoi-t of the Newfound Land of Virginia, etc., London, 1588." In 1594 he published a chapter on rhumbs, and in 1596 he framed a chart of Guiana, etc. About this time " Sir Walter got him into the acquaintance of that noble and generous Count Henry Percy, Earl of Northumber- land, who finding him a gentleman of an affable and peaceable naturo, and well read in the obscure parts of learning, he did allow him a yearly pension of £120." He shared in the troubles of his patrons. At the trial of Ralegh in 1603, Chief Justice Pop- ham I'eferred to the devilish o^^inions of Hariot, and he was not without sus- picion of having some knowledge of the Gunpowder Plot in 1605. When Ralegh and the earl were in the Tower, Hariot, Hues, and Warner were their constant companions, and were usually called the Earl of Nor- thumberland's Three Magi. He made a sun-dial for the earl which is still to be seen on the south face of the Martin Tower. In 1607 Hariot drew up ob- servations on the comet since known as " Halley's Comet," which were pub- lished by Professor Rigaud, Oxford, 1832. In 1609 he was in consulta- tion with the Va. Co. of Loudon. In 1610 he is said to have observed the satellites of Jupiter, a few day's after Galileo first discovered them, and to have been himself the first to detect the spots on the sun, December 8, 1610. " He was noted for skill in Algebra, his treatise on which, enti- tled, ' Artis Analyticse Praxis ad sequationes Algebraicus nova,' etc , edited by his friend, Mr. Walter War- ner, was published after his death in 1631." " Hariot . . . was destined," says Hallam, "to make the last great discovery in the pure science of Alge- bra. . . . He arrived at a complete theory of the genesis of Equations, which Cardan and Vieta had but par- tially conceived." He lived for some time in Sion College, and died at London " of cancer in the lip " and other troubles, July 2, 1621. His body was interred in St. Christopher's Church in London (the site of this church is now occupied by the Bank of England), where a monument was erected for him by his noble executors. Sir Thomas Aylesbury and Robert Sidney Viscount Lisle, with a Latin SIR GEORGE SOMERS HARIOT — HARPER 911 inscription which may be thus trans- lated : — " Stop traveller, tread lightly/just here lies what was mortal/of the cele- brated man/Thomas Hariot./He was tliat most learned Harriot/of Syon near the river Thames,/By birth and edueation/an Oxonian./He was versed in all sciences. /He excelled in all things./Mathematics, Philosophy, The- ology, /i'he most studious explorer of Truth/The most pious cultivator of the Triune God./A sexagenarian or thereabouts,/he bid farewell to mor- tality; not to life, In the year of our Lord, 1621, on the 2d July." The following extracts are from "The Accomptes of the Church War- dens of the Paryshe of St. Christo- fer's in London." From the Introduc- tion by Edwin Freshfield, vice-presi- dent of the Society of Antiquaries of London, etc.: "Mr. Harriote was a frequent resident in the parish with his friend Mr. Buckner ; indeed he died at his house in 1622 [1621]. . . . He had always kept up his interest in Virginia, and with his friend Mr. Buckner was instrumental in promot- uig the colonization of that country." From " The Accompt, etc., for Anno 1622 " (i. e., from May, 1621, to May, 1622). "Received for the Knell of Mr. Harriote, 6 shillings and 8 pence." " Received of Mr. Thomas Buckner, being the gift of Mr. Harriot, £4." " Paid to the poore by tlie Gifte of Mr. Harriot — four pounds." From " The Accompt, etc., for Anno 1626 " (May, 1625, to May, 1626). "Re- ceived of Mr. Thomas Buckner for the Erectinge of Mr. Herriot his monu- ment in the Chauncell the some of one pound." Harley (etc.), Captain Edward, 2. Sub. ; pd. . His name is variously spelled : Harlow, Hawley, Harley, etc. Among the papers in the collection of Lord De L'Isle and Dud- ley, catalogued in the Third Report of the Royal Hist. Commission, is the fol- lowing : " Folio paper, 16th Century. Ars Naupegica. Art of Shipbuilding, by Edmund Harlow, Gent." Captain Harlow made the voyage to our New England coast with Popham, May 31, 1607, to December, 1608. He was again on our coast in 1611, "and brought away the salvadges from the river of Canada," which were " showed in London for a wonder," in the spring of 161'.'. In June,. 1614, Capt. Hen- rv (?) Ilarioy was sent to our coast by Sir Feidinando Gorges and others. He probably returned to England the same year. March 28, 1623, "Ed- ward Hawley, gentleman, was close prisoner in the Gate house at West- minster, by the King's own warrant ; " but whether this was our captain or not, I am not able to say. Alany of the same family name were afterwards interested in the English colonies in America. Harley (Hawley, etc.), Captain Henry. Of the 1611 voyage. Possi- bly the third son of Jeremy Hawley, Esq., of Boston, near Brentford, Mid- dlesex, England. He died unmarried, and is classed as a merchant in the family pedigree. His brother, John Hawley, married Amy, daughter of Thomas Studley, who may have been " the first cape merchant in Virginia." His eldest brother, James Hawley, Esq., of Brentford, born in 1558, and still living in 1619, was twice married and had a large family, by his first wife, Susan, daughter of Richard Tot- hill of Devonshire. He is said to have had seven sons, viz.: (1) Jerome, (2) Capt. Henry, (3) Dr. Richard, (4) James, (5) William, and two others. I think the two others were Gabriel, who died in Virginia, and John, who came to Virginia in 1619. (1) Jerome (born about 1580) was interested in Virginia and Maryland — was a coun- cilor in the first and commissioner of the other. (4) James and (5) William were also interested in these colonies ; (2) Capt. Henry Hawley (who may have made the voyage of 1614 when a young man) was long interested in colonization, and became famous as a governor of the Barbadoes (1632-39). The present baronet descends from the third son (3) Dr. Richard Hawley of London. Harley, Robert. Pd. £12 10s. Harper, John, fishmonger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £62 10s. Also a member of the E. I. Co. June 23, 1620, lie gave Mr. John Whitcombe, who married his daughter, Anne Harper, a share in Virginia. There is a fair monu- ment to himself and wife on the south side of the parish church of St. 912 HARPER — HARRIS Margaret Moyses, Breadstreet ward, Loudon, with this inscription : " Here lieth the Bodies of John Harper, citizen and fishmonger, Treasurer of Christ's Hospital, and Alderman's Deputy of Breadstreet Ward, London. Aud Frances his wife, daughter to James Smyth, of Great Lunber, in the County of Lincolne, gentleman. By whom he had issue five children ; but at the time of their Death left only a son, John, and a daughter, Anne, married to John Whitcombe of London. He died the 27 of Novem- ber, 1632, in the 79tli year of his age, and she departed this life the 30 day of October, 1630, being 72 years old." By his will, he gave money to purchase books for Siou College Li- brary. Harrington, John Lord, 3. Sub. ; pd. . He was the oldest son and successor of Sir James Har- rington, Knt., of Exton, by his wife Lucy, daughter of Sir William Sid- ney of Penshurst; born about 1510; knighted January, 1583 ; M. P. for Warwickshire, 1586-87; and for Rut- landshire in 1593, 1597-98, and 1601 ; elevated to the peerage as Baron Har- rington of Exton, July 21, 1603. " A sincere Christian and a learned man," he was tutor to the Princess Elizabeth until her marriage with the Electoral- Palatine ; aud in April, 1613, he attend- ed her royal highness into Germany. He died, on his way back to England, at Worms, on the 24th of August, 1613, at the age of 73. He was first cousin to Sir Philip Sidney, and " a grand benefactor to Sidney College in Cambridge." He married Anne, only daughter and heir of Robert Kelway (Callaway), Esq., surveyor of the Court of Wards, and had, with other issue, John, his successor, and Lucy, who married Edward Russell, third Earl of Bedford. His stock in the Va. Co., at his death, passed to his son John, I suppose. Harrington, Sir John, 3. Sub. £150 ; pd. £187 10s. Son of Jolm Lord Harrington ; was baptized at Step- ney. May 3, 1592; was made a Kniglit of the Bath at the creation of Charles Duke of York, "Twelfth Day [January 6] 1605 " (O. S.). He returned froili his travels abroad in 1609, with learning and experience far beyond his years, aud at once took an active interest in affairs. M. C. for Va. Co., 1612. July 26, 1612, he was one of the incor- porators of the N. W. P. Co. Suc- ceeded his father as Lord Hariington, August 24, 1613 ; died of the small- pox on Sunday, February 27, 1614, at Kew, near Richmond, unmarried. The friend and companion of Henry, Prince of Wales, " he was pious, tem- perate, and chaste without the least tincture of sourness or aiisterity." " A most bountiful benefactor of Sid- ney College in Cambridge." Harrington-Russell, Lucy, Count- ess of Betlford, 3. Sub. ; pd. . The elder of the two daughters of John, first Lord Harrington of Exton, and sister of Sir John Harrington aforesaid ; married at Stepney in Mid- dlesex, on December 12, 1594, to Ed- ward Russell, third Earl of Bedford ; inherited two thirds of her brother's vast estate in 1614. Her husband died on May 1, 1627, and she died thirty days after. She took great interest in rare plants, in the management of her gardens and orchards, and probably obtained many varieties from Virginia aud the Bermudas. She was the pat- roness of Ben Jonson, Dr. Donne, Samuel Daniel, Drayton, and other poets. Harris, Sir Arthur, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Woodham Mor- timer, Essex. Son of Sir William Harris ; was born in 1584 ; licensed to travel for three vears. May 12, 1604 ; knighted at Otelands, July 15, 1600 ; M. P. for Maldon, 1624-25 ; for Essex, 1025 ; for Maldon again, 1628-29 ; died January 9, 1632. He married, first, in 1606, Anne, daugh- ter of Robert Cranmer, of Chepsted, County Kent, esquire, and, secondly, in 1615, Dame Anne Bowyer, widow of Sir Henry Bowyer, and daughter and sole heir to Sir Nicholas Salter. Harris, Sir Christopher, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Radford, Devon. One of the executors of Sir Francis Drake. M. P. Plymouth, 1584-85 ; knighted June 7, KiOO ; buried Janu- ary 27, 1625. Ralegh spent nine or ten days at his house in June, 1618. Harris, John, cscpiire, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Son of Sir Wil- liam Harris. (M. P. West Looe, 1614.) HARRIS — HARRISON 913 Harris, Roger, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £08 15s. Harris, Thomas, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. This may have been the sou of Sii" William Harris. I thiuk it was the persou of the name who went to A'irginia with Dale in 1611, and was living at the Neck-of- Land, Charles City, in February, 1625, aged 38, with his wife, aged 23. Harris, Sir Williain, 3. Sub. £75; pd. £75. Of Crixith and AVoodham Mortimer, Essex. Knighted at White- hall, July 23, 1603. Died in Novem- ber, 1616. Himself and wife are bur- ied at Crixith in Essex. He married Alice, daughter of Thomas Smith, of Westonhanger in Kent (see Smythe pedigree), and had by her four sons and four daughters, namely. Sir Arthur, William, of Lincohi's Inn, Thomas, John, Alice, Mary, Frances, and Eliza- beth. The daughter, Alice Harris, a niece of Sir Thomas Smythe's, mar- ried Sir Henry Mildinay of Graces, who was own cousin to John W inthrop, governor of ^lassachusetts. Harrisou, Edward, ironmonger, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £112 10s. An in- corporator and leading member of the E. I. Co. November 13, 1620, he transferred 500 acres of land in Vir- ginia to Raphe Fogg. Harrison, George. The only broth- er of Sir John Harrison. Came to Virginia in 1618. March 6, 162J, Sir George Yardley, governor of Vir- ginia, granted to " George Harrison of Charles City, gentleman, who hath abode in the colony three years, 200 acres of land situate on the opposite side of the river over against the Gov- ernor's Mansion House, to be doubled by the Virginia Company, when suffi- ciently planted and peopled." This land was near " Chapokes Creeke," and was still standing in Harrison's name in 1626. He wrote to his brother John from James City in Virginia May 12, 1622 ; another long and interesting letter January 24, 1623. These letter.s are still preserved among the colonial papers. In the spring of 1624 he had a duel (probably the first in Virginia) \vith Richard Stephens, somewhere near James City in Virginia, in which he received a small cut in the knee only, but died fourteen days after. The jury at the inquest affirmed that he died of natural disease. He left property in Virginia and " the West Indies " [The Bermudas ?]. Harrison, Harmon, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Came to Virginia in 1608. I take this to be tlie Ensign Harrison who was complained of, to- gether with Captain Martin, before the Eirst Assembly, July 30, 1619 ; massacred by tiie Indians iu March, 1022. There was probably some rela- tionship between Martin and the Har- risons — Brandon finally came into the possession of the latter family. Harrison, James, gent., 3. Sub. ; pd. . I think this person was the son of Williain Harrison, of London, merchant, by his second wife, Mary, daughter of John W^est, grocer. Harrisou, John, merchant-tailor. Pd. £1. The founder of the grammar school at Great C'rosl)y, in the parish of Shelton, in the county of Lancaster, England, in 1620. Harrison, Mr. (John), the Elder, stationer. Pd. £5. Of St. Michael- ad-Bladum. Master of the Stationers' Company in 1583 ; married, in 1586, Juliana Barnes, widow of Francis Barnes, of St. Magnus, London, hab- erdasher, deceased. " June 25, 1594, Richard Field assigned over unto Mr. Harrisou, Sen^, iu open covirt holden this day, a book called ' Venus and Adonis.'" Harrison, John, gent. Son of Wil- liam Harrison, of Aldcliife, Com. Lane, and his wife Margaret, daugh- ter of Christopher Gardiner, of Urs- wich. Was born about 1589. He married, in August, 1616, Margaret, daughter of Robert Fanshawe, who was brother to Thomas Fanshawe, the husband of Sir Thomas Smythe's sis- ter Joane (see Smythe pedigree). At this time John Harrison was " of St. Olive, Hart Street, gent.," and his bride was a member of the family of Sir John Wolstenholme. On Febru- ary 13, 1621, Sir John Wolstenholme transferred to Mr. John Harrisou three shares of land in Virginia. Possibly governor of the Bermudas early in 1623. September 16, 1623, he 'sent goods, etc., to his brother George Harrison in Virginia. April 28, 1624, George Menefie wrote to him from James City about his brother's death. August 16, 1624, he gave James Car- 914 HARRISON — HARWOOD ter, master of the Anne, a power of attorney to manage the estate of his deceased brother iu Virginia. At the Visitation of Loudon, 1633, he had five chiklreu : John, William, Abraham, Anne, and Margaret. The eldest son, John, was then married to Jane, daughter of Edinond Chapman, of Greenwich in Kent. He was one of his majesty's farmers of the custom-house. In December, 1640, he was a member of the House, and advanced £50,000 on the security of the coming subsidies. As a reward for his patriotism he was knighted by the king at Whitehall, January 4, 164°. Iu May, 1641, " Harrison again came to the aid of Parliament, and offered to lend £150,000 on the secur- ity of the customs. At once the question was raised whether Parlia- ment had it in its power to give any such security. The Commons were in instant fear of dissolution. ... It was at 0UC3 proposed that a Bill should be brought in, providing that the exist- ing Parliament should not be dissolved without its own consent. The proposal was welcomed with singular unanim- ity." (" Gardiner's History of Eng- land.) This Avas the beginning of the Long Parliament. He owned Aldcliffe Hall, Lancaster, and was M. P. for Lancaster in both Parliaments of 1640 ; was imprisoned by order of the Parliament iu 1642, and was deprived of his propertj' ; re- moved from his seat in Parliament, as a royalist, in September, 1643. After the Restoration he was M. P. for J^an- caster. May 8, 1661, to his death, Sep- tember 28, 1669. His daughter, Anne Harrison, mar- ried Sir Richard Fanshawe (nephew of Sir Thomas Smythe), the diploma- tist and author (see Sir Henry Fan- shawe). Lady Anne Fanshawe be- came an authoress, and her memoirs are well known. Harrison, Ralphe, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. One of this name went to the East Indies prior to 1609. Prob- ably the same person. He went to Virginia, and died at Elizabeth City, some time thereafter, in 1623. Harrison, "William. A leading merchant of London; of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies. His pedigree is given in the Visitation of London, 1633-34 : Harl. Soc. Pub., vol i. p. 355. His second wife was Mary, daughter of John West, grocer. (See Sir Ed- ward Conway.) He was for a long time treasurer of the E. 1. Co. ; died in 1620. Hart, Sir Eustace, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of All Hallows-in-the-Wall, London ; mentioned in Chamberlain's letter of April 30, 1616, and in the "Calendar of State Papers, Domestic, July 11, 1616 ; " transferred his bill of adventure in Va. of £25 to Mr. Thomas Gibbs, May 6, 1618. He married, first, Mary, relict of Lord Willoughby de Eresby, and, secondly, in 1628, Jane, daughter of John Evelyn, Esq., of Kingston, in Surrey (widow of Sir Anthony Benn, recorder of London.) Sir Eustace Hart died September 18, 1634, and was buried at St. Bennett's, Paul's Wharf, London. Hart, Sir John, grocer. Elected alderman of Farringdon Without, June 18, 1575 ; chosen sheriff, August 15, 1579 ; lord mayor, 1589 ; M. P. for London, 1592-97 ; president of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1593-1603 ; died about February, 1603, and was buried in the Church of St. Swithin, London Stone, the living of which was in his patronage. He married, in 1586, Anne, relict of Anthony Cage, of Lon- don, Salter. His eldest daughter, Joan, married Sir George BoUes. His sec- ond daughter, Anne, married Alder- man Humphrey Smith. His daughter Judith married Edward Cage (whom see). Hart, Sir Peroival. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of LuUingstone Castle, Kent, son of Sir George Hart ; knighted June 1, 1601 ; M. P. Lewes, 1601 ; one of the heirs of the patent of Sir Jerome Bowes (his uncle) for the sole im- porting of Venice glass, in 1616. He married three wives : Anne, daughter of Sir Roger Manwood ; Jane, daugh- ert of Edward Stanhope, Esq., and, April 28, 1623, Mary Harrison, widow. HarTvell — Harewell — Horwell — Howell, Sir Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Worcester- shire ; knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603. Harwood, Captain Ed-ward, 2 Sub. ; pd. . Son of William Harwood, of Thurlby, County Lin- HARWOOD — HAWKINS 915 coin ; was knighted before December 9, 1618, when the Earl of Bedford as- signed to him a hill of adventure in Va. of £.jO. He was about this time added to His Majesty's Council for the Va. Co., and in 1610 was one of the committee for oompiling and re- ducing the standing " Rules and orders, for the Government of the Virginia Company, into one entire Body of Laws, Form of Government," etc., which have been reprinted by Force, vol. iii. No. 6. He was a captain and afterwards a colonel (as early as 1604) in the Low Countries. In Novembei*, 1626, he was ordered to conduct his reg- iment to assist the King of Denmark. He was an incorporator (December 4, 1630) of the Providence Islands or Bahamas Company ; was slain at the siege of Maastricht, 1632. He is one of Fuller's Worthies of Lin- colnshire. " The Advice of that Worthy Commander. Sir Ed : Har- wood, Collonell. Written by King Charles his Command upon occasion of the French Kings preparation, and presented (in his life time) by his owne hand, to his Maiestie," etc. ; was printed at London in 1042. His brother, George Harwood, of London, was treasurer of the Massachusetts Company. Harwood, Leonard, mercer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Haselden (Hazleden), "William, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £12 10s. Of N. W. P. and E. I. companies. Hasilrige (Hazlerigg), Francis, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Hastings, Henry, Earl of Hunting- don, 3. Sub. ; pd. £120. Son of Francis Hastings, by his wife Sarah, daughter to Sir James Harrington ; at the death (in 1605) of his grandfather, George, fourth Earl of Huntingdon, he succeeded as fifth earl ; was lord lieutenant of the counties of Leicester and Rutland, steward of the Duchy of Lancaster, and, in May, 1616, one of the peers for the trial of the Earl and Countess of Somerset. He was a noted patron of the stricter class of divines ; was one of the first that rose for King Charles in Leicestershire. He died November 14, 1643, and was buried at Asbby de la Zouch. Hatton, Sir Christopher. Born at Holdenby, 1540 ; made a gentle- man pensioner to the queen. June 30, 1554 ; admitted to the Inner Temple, May, 1560 ; introduced at court before June, 1.j64 ; one of the representatives of Elizabeth at tlie baptism of James VI. of Scotland, December, 1566 ; M. P. in 1571 and 1572 ; captain of the queen's guard, 1572 ; vice-cham- berlain and member of the Privy Council, November, 1577 ; knighted December 1, 1577 ; patron of Drake in his voyage round the world in the Golden Hind, 1577-80 (Hatton's crest was a golden hind) ; interested in Fen- ton's voyage, 1582-83 ; on the com- mittee for confirming Ralegh's patent in December, 1584. He was the patron of several of the writers on naval affairs, discoveries, etc. ; was on the commission for the trial of Mary Queen of Scots, in October, 1586 ; made lord high chancellor in April, 1587 ; created Knight of the Garter, St. George's Day, 1588 ; Chancellor of the Lniversity of Oxford, September 20, 1588 ; died at Ely Place, November 20, 1591, and was buried in St. Paul's. He died a bachelor, but had adopted the son of his sister Dorothy,' by her husband, John Newport, Esq., of the same family, possibly, as Capt. Clu-is- topher Newport. Haukinson, George, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Hawes, Humfrey, clothAvorker. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Of the E. I. Co. ; second son of Lawrence Hawes, of London, by his wife Ursula, daugh- ter of John Herrick, of Leicester, and sister to Sir William Herrick. Hawkins, Charles, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £62 10s. Of the E. I. Co. ; son of Capt. William Hawkins the younger, and nephew of the famous Sir John Hawkins. HavT^kins, Sir John. Grandson of John Hawkins, Es(j., of Tavistock, Devon, whicli John married Joan, daughter of William Amydas, Esq., of 916 HAWKINS Launceston, Cornwall, by whom he was the father of "Capt. William Hawkius, the elder, of Plymouth, who for his ' skill in Sea-causes ' was much esteemed by Heury VIII., and was the first Euglishuian who sailed a ship into the Southern Seas." He made several voj'ages to the coast of Africa, and thence to Brazil in 1530, and after. He married Joan, daughter of William Trelawney, Esq., of Cornwall, and granddaughter of Sir John Trelawney, a descendant of Edwin, who held the lordship of Trelawney in the time of Edward the Confessor ; by her he had two sons, William (of whom hereafter) and John (of whom I write), who was born about 1532 ; in his youth studied the mathematics ; entered the naval service about 1551, and went divers voyages into Spain, Portugal, and the Islands ; admitted a freeman of Plym- outh, 155.5-56 ; invented the chain- pump for ships, 1558-59 ; on his first voyage to the West Indies, from Octo- ber, 15G2, to September, 1563 ; on his second voyage there, from the fall of 1564, to September, 1565 ; moved to London, to the Parish of St. Dunstan's in the East, about 1565, where he con- tinued to dwell at least thirty years (156,5-1595) ; on his third voyage to the West Indies, October, 1567, to Jan- uary, 1569. In March, 1569, La Mothe wrote from London : " John Hawkins has undertaken to revenge the injury which the Spaniards did him at Mex- ico, and intends, next July, laying in wait at the Azores, with a good naval force for the arrival of the Spanish fleet from the West Indies." M. P. for Plymouth, 1571 ; pretended to be a traitor ; deceived the Queen of Scots and Philip ; was made a grandee of Spain in September, 1571, receiving a large sum of money, etc. In the sum- mer of 1572 with 20 ships, equipped with Philip's money, he sailed for the Azores to lie in wait for Philip's Mex- ican fleet. M. P. for Plymouth, 1572-83 ; appointed treasurer of the navy to succeed his father-in-law, Ben Gonson, deceased, in 1573 ; was inter- ested in Drake's voyage, 1577-80. He proposed to destroy the Spanish fishing fleet at Newfoundland in April, 1585. He was " tlie man to wliom is due all the credit of preparing the royal fleet to meet the Armada." Served against the Armada, and was knighted on the high seas July 26, 1588. In 1590 he was sent with Frobisher to intercept the Plate fleet, and harass the trade of Spain. Founded and endowed St. John's Hospital at Chatham for de- cayed mariners and shipwrights of the royal navy, by letters patent, dated August 27, 1594. On August 27, 1595, he sail on his last and fatal voy- age to the West Indies : died at sea, November 12, 1595, " neere the Easter- most end of Saint Juan de Puerto Rico," and " being coffined he was cast into the sea." His widow had a fair monument erected to his memory on the north side of the chancel of St. Dunstan's in the East, London. " He was the first true friend of the British sailor; and not only the ablest captain, but the best shipwright of his time." He was twice married; first to " Dame Katharine " (the Gonson pedigree says Avice), and secondly to " Dame Mar- garet ; " one of these, probably the first, was a daughter of Ben Gonson, and she, Burke says, was the mother of Richard Hawkins, who was after- wards interested in the Virginia enter- prises. Sir John Hawkins was 63 years old when he died, in 1595. (See London " Notes and Queries," § 6, xi. p. 388.) Ha-wkins, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies ; son of Capt. William Hawkins, the younger. Ha'wkins, Sir Richard. The son of the celebrated Sir John Hawkins (whom see). I do not know the date of his birth ; but he was " of ten- der yeares " in September, 1570. " In a voyage, under tlie charge of his uncle, William Hawkins, of Plimouth, esquire, in the West Indies at Porto Rico in 1582 ;" again in the West Indies at the island of Margarita, in 1583. In command of the Duck in the celebrated Drake-Sidney expe- dition to our coast, September, 1585, to July, 1586. In 1588 he commanded the Swallow iu the attack on the Spanish Armada, in which action he greatly distinguished himself. Hav- ing determined on a voyage to Japan and the East Indies " iu the end of anno 1588," he ordered a ship to be built for that purpose ; in the mean- time we find him in command of the HAWKINS 917 Nonpareil, near the Azores, on the lookout for Spanish ships. In 1593, his ship for the East Indian voyage, being finished, was named by the Lady Hawkins the Repentance ; but Queen Elizabeth, passing by the vessel, commanded her bargemen to row round about lier, and viewing her from post to stem, disliking nothing but her name, said that she would christen her anew, and that henceforth she should be called the Daintie ; in which vessel he sailed soon after, passing through the Straits of Magel- lan early in 1591 ; on the 2'Jd of June, 1594, off Cape San Francisco, Equador, he was forced to surrender to an over- whehning tieet of Spain. In 1595-96 a prisoner in Lima, Peru ; in 1597 "brought out of the Indies (America) in a galeon, which was chased into the rode of Tercera," by the English fleet under the command of Essex. He was for some time a prisoner in " the Terceras " (the Azores Islands), and then in Seville and in Madrid ; sent back to England in the beginning of the reign of James I., by whom he was knighted July 23, 1603 ; M. P. for Plymouth, 1604-11, and vice-ad- miral of Devon in 1605, etc. ; M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607. In 1614 the E. I. Co. proposed a voyage to the Straits of Magellan, and Sir Richard was " generally held to be of Courage, Art, and Knowledge to attempt such an enterprise ; " but it seems the idea was abandoned. " In 1615 he undertook, by authority from the council of the second colony of Virginia, to try what service he could do them as president for that year. Having received his commis- sion and instructions, he departed in October, and spent the time of his be- ing in those parts (New England) in searching the country, and finding out the commodities thereof. From thence he passed along the coast to Virginia, and staid there some time." From Vir- ginia he went to Spain to make sale of his fish. In October, 1616, "seven English ships, which this year fished at New- foundland, and from thence directing there course for Italy, were within the straits, assailed and taken by 30 Turkish men of war," and Lord Carew, writing to Sir Thomas Roe on the 18th of January, 1617. says, " It is thought that Sir Richard Hawkins of Plimouth was in one of these English ships, for he is not retourned from the fishing upon the Northern English Colony (which Sir John Popham projected), and he intended to make sale of his fishe in Italye. ' He returned from Virginia before September, 1617, at which date he petitioned to command the fleet of the E. I. Co., but tlie choice finally fell on Sir Thomas Dale; member African Company, November 16, 1618 ; appointed deputy of Sir Robert Mansell, vice - admiral, for suppression of piracy in the Levant, October 3, 1620. " He was a Vice- Admiral of tlie fleet which sailed from Plimmouth the twelfth of October iu tlie morning in the yeare 1620," to " attack and destroy the pirates in the Mediterranean Sea." Ill the patent of November 3, 1620, he was appointed a member of " the first moderne and present Councill established at Plymouth, in the county of Devon, for the planting, ruling, ordering, and governing of New Eng- land in America." He returned from the expedition against the Levant pirates in 1621-22. Prince says, " After many high- spirited actions, which had they been recorded (as pity it is they were not) would have made a large volume of themselves, he died suddenly in 1622, being seized with apoplexy while at the Privy Council." There was some trouble growing out of the fact that the fleet against the pirates had been insufliciently provided with provisions, and the men badly paid. April 27, 1622, Chamberlain wrote to Carleton : " Sir Robert Man- sell and the rest of the crew are noth- ing well paid neither ; insomuch that Sir Richard Hawkins, the vice-admiral, finding his reckoning come short of what he expected, of mere grief and discontent, sunk down before the lords, and died ths next day." " The observations of Sir Richard Hawkins, knight, in his voyage into the South Sea, Anno Domini 1593," dedicated to Charles, Prince of Wales, were printed in London in 1622. His widow, the Lady Judith, sur- vived him seven years. They were ancestors of Sii* John Hawkins (1719- 918 HAWKINS — HAYWARD 1789), the author of " The Science and Practice of Music." Ha-wkins, Captain 'Williain, the Younger. Eldest son of Capt. Wil- liam, the elder, and brother of Sir John Hawkins. " He was the most influ- ential resident of Elizabethan Plym- outh ; a merchant and a sailor ; the holder of a commission under the Prince of Condd ; represented Plym- outh in Parliament ; mayor of Plym- outh in the eventful Armada year, 1588, and was active in fitting out ves- sels for the fight." He died October 7, 1589, and was buried in the Church of St. Nicholas at Deptford. "A faithful believer in the true religion ; a great benefactor of poor mariners ; a most learned man in naval affairs, he frequently made long voyages. He married two wives ; by one of them he had 4, by the other 7, children." I have mentioned two of his sons (Charles and John). Another son, Capt. William Hawkins, the third, was the founder of the first trading-house at Surat for the E. I. Co. He was in the East Indies from 1607 to 1614, and died on his return in the latter year. Hawley. See Harley. Hay, James Lord, 3. Sub. ; pd. . " A gentleman of small means, but of great ability and many personal recommendations, whose greatest fault, so far as I have been able to find out, was being a Scotch- man." He was made a Knight of the Bath, June 4, 1610. Having failed to pay his dues to the company, it seems, he probably forfeited his membersliip under the 3d charter ; but he was again admitted into the company on December 2, 1618, and was some time after added to the King's Council for that company. He had been created Baron Hay of Sanley, County York, June '29, 1615, sworn of the Privy Council, March, 1617, and created Viscount Doiicaster, July 5, 1618, and Earl of Carlisle, September 13, 1622 ; was of the Sandj's party in the Va. Co. in 1623-24 ; chosen a Knight of the Carter in 1624 ; a councilor for New England ; governor of the Carib- beo Islands, etc. He died April 2.5, 1636. His first wife was Honora, heiress of Edward Lord Denny ; his second (whom he married in 1 j17) was the Lady Lucy Percy, youngest daughter of Henry, Earl of Northum- berland, and niece of Capt. George Percy, some time governor of Vir- ginia. Haydon — Heydon, Jerome, ironmonger, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £75. Of St. Mary Colechurch, Lon- don ; an alderman of London ; master of the Ironmongers in 1611, and a benefactor of that company ; mar- ried, in 1599, Agnes, relict of William Wennington, gent. ; died before 1632. I suppose he was the father of Sir John Heydon, some time governor of the Bermudas, as Sir John inherited Jerome's property in that island. Je- rome's widow married Francis Mor- rice, clerk of his majesty's ordinance. Henry Hexham, who translated the Atlas of Gerard Mercator and Judocus Hondius into English in 1636, was a nephew of this Jerome Heydon. Hayes, Captain Edward. He had written of his travels prior to 1583 ; was on Gilbert's voyage to our northern coast in 1583, and wrote an account of the voyage. " A Treatise of M. Edward Hayes conteining im- portant inducements for the planting of those parts and finding a passage that way to the South Sea and China " is annexed to the second edition of Brereton, 1602. " September 16, 1603, grant to Captain Edw. Hayes of pen- sion of £100 per annum for life." Hayward (see Hai^ward), Sir RoAwland, cloth worker. Elected al- derman of Farringdon Without, Sep- tember 19, 1560 ; chosen sheriff, Au- gust 1, 1563. He was president of St. Bartholomew's Hospital from 1572 to his death ; lord mayor, 1570-71, and again in 1591. Died December 5, 1593, and was buried in St. Alj)hage's Church, London Wall, wliere the mon- ument to his memory, with the effigies of his two wives and sixteen children, is still preserved. By his first wife, HAYWARD — HERBERT 919 Joan, daughter of Williaiu Tilles- worth, he was father of Joan Hay- ward, who married ISir .John T'.iynne, of Longleat (ancestor of the Marquis of Bath). Sir Rowland married, sec- ondly, in December, 1580, Catherine, daughter of Thomas Smythe (see Smythe pedigree), by whom : 1. Sir George Haiward ; 2. Sir John Hai- ward ; 3. Alice Haiward ; 4. Cath- erine, who married, first, Richard Scott (see pedigree), secondly, Sir Richard Sondes, of Throwley, Kent, son of Sir Michael Sondes ; 5. Mary Hayward, married Sir Warham St. Leger ; 0. Anne Iiayward, married Edward, eld- est son of Sir William Craford. Mrs. Catherine Sray the- Hayward married, secondly, in 1599, Sir John Scott. Heale (Hele), Sir Warwick, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £G2 10s. Eldest son of Sir John Hele, tlie celebrated Serjeant at law. M. P. for Plymouth, 1597-98 ; knighted at Greenwich, May 22, 1603 ; M. P. for Plympton, 1614 ; member of the African Company of 1618 ; high sheriff of Devon, 1619 ; member of the New England Council in 1620 ; M. P. for Plymouth, 1621- 22 and in 1625. He married, first, Mary, eldest daughter of .lohn Halse, Esq., of Kenidon, in Devon, and relict of William Hawkins, Esq., of Plym- outh (a descendant and heir of the great admiral) ; and, secondly, Mar- garet, daughter of Sir William Court- enay, knight, of Powderham Castle, but died without issue in January, 16:^6. Heath, Robert. Born in 1575 ; called to the bar, 1603 ; recorder of London, November 10, 1618, to Janu- ary 22, 1621 ; member of His Maj- esty's Council for the Va. Co. of London ; patented lands in Virginia, 1619-20 ; member of His Majesty's Council for N. E., November 3, 1620 ; solicitor-general, January' 22, 1621, to October 31, 1625; knighted at W^hite- hall, January 28, 1621; M. P. for Lon- don, 1621-22; as solicitor-general took part in colonial affairs ; on Va. Com- mission, July 15, 1624 ; M. P. for East Grimstead in 1624-25 and 1625; attor- ney-general, October 31, 1625, to Octo- tober, 1631 ; received a grant of land between 31 and 36 degrees of north latitude in America, called Carolana, in October, 1629 ; proposed to send Huguenots and others there ; created Serjeant, October 24, 1631 ; chief jus- tice of the Common Pleas, October 26, 1631, to September 14, 1634 ; on spe- cial commission for better plantation of Virginia, .June 27, 1631 ; king's Ser- jeant, October 12, 1636; justice of the King's Bench, .January 23, 1641, to October 31, 1«)43 ; master of the Court of Wards and Liveries, May 13, 1641 ; chief justice, October 31, 1643, till impeached by Parliament, July 24, 1644 ; lied to France, 1646 ; died at Calais, August 30, 1649. Heiborue (Hepburne, etc.), Fer- diuaiido, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Gentleman of the privy chamber to Queen Elizabeth and King .James. He married, first, Anne Can- dler, great-granddaughter of Sir Wil- liam Lock who died in 1550 ; was knighted December 20, 1611. Anne (Candler) Heyborne was buried at Tottenham, .July 11, 1615. Sir Fer- dinando married, secondly, on April 4, 1616, Elizabeth, daughter of Francis More, Esq., of Sussex. Sir Ferdi- nando was buried at Tottenham, July 2, 1618. Heightley, Peter. Pd. £25. Henry, Prince of Wales. — Henry Stuart. Henshaw, Thomas, merchant - tailor, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £75. " Silkman and servant to Is[^ing .James I. ;" an incorporator of the E. I. Co. He died .January 11, 1612, aged 76 years, and " bis body lyeth under a fair stone at the entrance into tlie Quire of St. Mary Magdalen Church, Cripple- gate ward, Jjondon." " He had to wife Flower (ilonldesborough, and had issue by her : 9 sons and 4 daughters." Herbert, Edward, esquire. Sub. ; pd. . Son of Charles Her- bert by his wife .Jane, daughter of Hugh ap Owen. He was a la\vj'er of the Inner Temple ; an active member of the Va. Co. during 1619-24 ; a first cousin to George Herbert the poet. Lord Bacon, in his will, desired Sir John Constable to consult Mr. Solden and Mr. Herbert, of the Inner Tem- ple, about the publication of his liter- ary remains. Appointed queen's attor- ney-general, 1635 ; solicitor-general, 1640 ; knighted January 28,' 164 J ; attorney-general, .Jamiary 29, 164 J ; entered an accusation against the five members, January 3 ; impeached by 920 HERBERT the Commons, February 14 or March 8, 164 1 ; sentenced to imprisonment, April 23, 1623 ; Charles II.'s lord keeper of the Great Seal, 1653 ; died in Paris, 1657. He married Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Smith, clerk of the Privy Council (widow of the Hon. Thomas Carey), and their son, Arthur Herbert, was created Earl of Torrington. Herbert, Philip, Earl of Mont- gomery, 2. Sub. ; pd. £160. Second son of Henry Herbert, second Earl of Pembroke, by his third wife, Mary, daughter of Sir Henry Sydney; was born about 1582 ; " being a young man scarce of age at the entrance of King James, had the good fortune, by comeliness of his person, his skill and indefatigable industry in hunting, to be the first who drew the king's eyes towards him with affection, which was quickly so far improved, that he had the reputation of a favorite." He was made a Knight of the Bath at the cor- onation of King James, July 25, 1603. On the 4th of January, 1605, he mar- ried Lady Susan Vere, daughter of the Earl of Oxford, and the letter writers of the time gave the most glowing accounts of the ceremonies, etc. " The bride and groom were lodged that night in the council cham- ber, wliere the king, the next morning, in liis shirt and night-gown, gave them a reveille matin before they were up." He was created Baron Herbert of Shurland, isle of Sheppey, County Kent, and Earl of Montgomery, May 4, 1605 ; Knight of the most noble order of the Garter, May 18, 1608 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1612 ; an incorpo- rator of the N. AV. P. Co., July 26, 1612 ; a member of the E. I. Co. in 1614. The Folio Shakespeare of 1623 was dedicated to him and his brother, the Earl of Pembroke. An incorpo- rator of the Guiana (South America) Company, May 19, 1627. In 1628 the king granted him certain islands in the West Indies lying between 8° and 13° of north latitude, called " Trini- dado, Tabago, Barbudos [Barbiula], Fonseca," etc., and in 1629 he had a hot disput'3 with the Earl of Carlisle, cl.aiming the Barbadoes, which had been previously granted to Carlisle, as being tlic Barbuda wiilch was granted to him. His brother William, Earl of Pem- broke, dying April 10, 1630, without issue, he succeeded him as heir and earl. "To his second wife," he mar- ried, June 3, 1630, the celebrated Anne Clifford, sole daughter and heir to George Clifford, Earl of Cumber- land, and widow of Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset. " His conduct to her became intolerable some time after their marriage. She separated herself from him, and survived him for many years." She was born January 30, 15|9, and died March 22, 1671, in her 87th year. He was interested in Newfoundland in 1639. He took sides with the Par- liament against the crown ; was sent by Parliament to remonstrate with Charles I. at New Market, March 9, 1642 ; one of the Parliament commis- sioners for plantations, November 2, 1643 ; joint commissioner to present propositions of Parliament to Charles I. at New Castle in July, 1646 ; as joint commissioner of Parliament re- ceived the king from the Scots at New Castle, January 30, 1647 ; from his apartment, saw King Charles walk from St. James to the scaffold. In the service of the Commons he had divested himself of every dignity of a nobleman, and in April, 1649, sat in the House of Commons as the rep- resentative of Berks. He was one of a committee to examine the business of the Bermudas Islands, December 18, 1649. He died January 23, 1650. The cavaliers hated him, and among their many lampoons was the follow- ing : " The last Will and Testament of Philip Herbert, Burgesse for Bark- shire, vulgarly called Earl of Pem- broke and Montgomery, who dyed of Foole-age, Jan. 28, 1650. With his Life and Death, and severall Legacies to the Parliament and Councill of State. Also his Elegy, taken ver- batim, in Time of his Sicknesse, and published to prevent false copies by Michael Oldisworth. Nodnol, 1650." It is said to have been written by Samuel Butler. The will begins : " I, Philip, late Earle of Pembroke and Montgomery, now Kniglit for the County of Berks, being, as I am told, very weak in body, but of perfect memory (for I remember this time live years I gave the casting voyce to ROBERT SPENCER First Baron Spenrcr HERBERT 921 dispatch old Canterbury ; and this time two yeares I voted no addreasc to my master ; and this time twelve- month saw him brought to the block) yet, because death doth threaten and stare upon me, who have still obeyed all those that threatened me, I now make my last Will and Testament. "Imprimis, for my soule : I con- fesse I have heard very much of souls, but what they are, or whom they are for, God knowes I know not. They tell me now of another world, where I never was, nor doe I know one foot of the way thither. While the King stood I was of his religion, made my Sonne weare a cassock and thought to make him a Bishop : then came the Scots, and made me a presbiterian; and since Cromwell enter'd 1 have been an independent. These I believe are the kingdoms' three Estates, and if any of these can save a soule, I may claime one. Therefore if my Execu- tors doe find I have a soule I give it him that gave it me," etc. Herbert, William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £400. Third Earl of Pembroke; eldest son of Henry, second Earl of Pembroke, by his wife, Mary Sidney, "Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother." Was born at Wilton, Wiltshire, Febru- ary 8, 1580; educated at New College, Oxford, 1593-95. (Was he not the " Lord Herbert " who was knighted by Essex at Cadiz in September, 1.596 ?) He was at home in 1597-98 ; in Lon- don about the court, 1599-lGOO ; suc- ceeded to his father's honors and es- tate, January 19, 1601. In 1603 he was much interested in securing the pardon of Sir Walter Ralegh. His mother wrote to him, "conjuring him, as he valued her blessing, to employ his own credit, and that of his friends, to insure Sir Walter's pardon." January 18, 1604, he was made steward of the Duchy of Cornwall, and warden of the Stanneries in Devon and Cornwall, and the same day an incorporator of " the Society of London for Mineral and Battery Works." May 8, 1604, made a Knight of the Garter, and May 14, 1604, lieutenant of Cornwall. M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. October 16, 1609, made keeper and captain, of the tower and isle of Portsmouth, constable of Porchester Castle, and lieutenant of Southbcar Forest for life. An incorporator of the N. W. P. Co., July 26, 161:i. The Rappahannock River in Virginia was at one time called Pembroke River, being so named for him. He was interested in the E. I. Co. prior to 1614. An incorporator of the B. I. Co., June 29, 1615, and one of the divisious of the islaiul was afterwards named Pembroke Tribe, for him. Lord chamberlain, Decem- ber 23, 1615, to 1625. He was con- stantly interested in advancing the interest of the Va. Co., and was a member of the Council for New Eng- land, November 3, 1620. In 1620 he patented thirty thousand acres of land in Virgiuia, and undertook to send over emigrants and cattle. In July, 1621, Mr. Leech went over to view the country and to locate tliese lands; and the Council in England instructed Governor Wyatt " To see that the Earl of Pembroke's thirty thousand acres be very good.'' To which the Council in Virginia replied in January, 1622 : " It shall comand from us our best endeav- ors in chusinge out for his Lordship and his Assocvatts the most comodious Seate that maye be." In 1622-24 he was still a member of the New Eng- land and Virginia councils, and was taking an active interest in both col- onies. The great Folio Shakespeare of 16u'3 was dedicated to him and to his brother Philip, Earl of Montgomery. About 1626 lie was made Cliancellor of the University of Oxford, and steward of the royal household. Broadgate Hall, Oxford, was remodeled, and named for him Pembroke College. Was an incorporator of the Guiana Company, May 19, 1627. Obtained a grant of the Island of Barbadoes, Feb- ruary 25, 1629, which was revoked April 7, 1629 (previously granted to the Earl of Carlisle). He died sud- denly at his house, called Baynard's Castle, in the City of London, April 10, 1630, and was buried in the Cathe- dral of Salisbury. He was succeeded in his titles, etc., by his brother Philip, Earl of Montgomery. " He was as generally and deservedly esteemed as any nobleman of liis time. He was well-bred ; but his breeding and his manners were entirely English. He was generous, open, and sincere ; loyal, and yet a friend to liberty. Few 922 HERBERT — HICKS men possessed a greater quickness of apprehension, or a more penetrating judgment ; and none could express themselves with more readiness or propriety. He was a man of letters himself, and an eminent patron of learned men ; a distinguished favorer of Shakespeare and his works. But he had, with all his excellencies, a strong propensity to pleasure, and fre- quently abandoned himself to women." " He married Mary, eldest daughter and co-heir of Gilbert, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury, of the Talbots, and had by her two sons, neither of whom survived infancy." " His poems, " ed- ited by John Donne, son of the Dean of St. Paul's," were " jsrinted by Matthew Inman," London, 1630 (the first edition). Herbert, William, Earl of Pem- broke. Knight of the Garter, 1548 ; Earl of Pembroke, October 11, 1551 ; was interested in the Rus. Co., 1555; in Hawkins's voyages 1564-69; died in 1570. By his first wife, Anne Parr, sister to Henry VIII. 's last wife, he was the father of Henry, second earl, who was, by his third wife, Mary Sid- ney, the father of William and Philip Herbert, the earls of Pembroke and Montgomery of the Va. Co. Heron, Sir Edward, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £25. Of Langtoft and Stam- ford, County Lincoln. Reader at Gray's Inn, 1587 ; recorder of Stam- ford, 1588 ; Serjeant at law, 1600 ; knighted in 1603 ; one of the barons the Exchequer, 1607. Heron (or Heme), Master Rich- ard, merchant, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of the E. I. Co. Was sheriff of London, 1618 ; esquire and alderman; died February 24, 1625. He was the son of Nicholas Heme, of Tibenham in Com. Norfolk. " Lived at the Blew Anchor in Cheapside, at Foster Lane end." Married Alice, daughter of John Pasck, of Cambridge, D. D., and left issue. Herriok, Sir ■William, goldsmith, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. A younger son of John Herrick of Leices- ter. Was born in 1557 ; apprenticed in London, about 1574, to his elder brother Nicholas, a goldsmith ; suc- ceeded his brotlior in his business in Cheai>side ; principal jeweler to King James, or teller to the crown, May 2, 1603 ; knighted for making a hole in the great diamond for the king, April 2, 1605 ; M. P. for Leicester in 1601, 1606-11, and 1621-22. He was really one of the king's bankers. A retired merchant of great wealth, about the year 1624, he settled down on his fine estate of Be.iumanor Park, Leicester, where he continued to live in right royal style until his death, March 2, 1653, at the age of 96 ; buried at St. Martin's Church, Leicester. He mar- ried Joan, daughter of Richard May, Esq., and sister of Sir Humphrey May. She bore him seven sons and five daughters. Robert Herrick, the celebrated poet, was his nephew, son of his brother Nicholas, who taught him his trade. Herst, Gregory. Pd. £12 10s. Hevrit, Sir Thomas, clothworker, 3. Sub. £75; pd. £75. Member of the E. I. Co. Was knighted at Theo- bald's, December 15, 1613 ; master of the clothworkers in 1619. Heyward. See Haiward. Hicks, Sir Baptist, mercer, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £150. A younger brother of Sir Michael Hicks ; was born about 1551 ; was admitted to the freedom of the Mercers' Company, as a retail mercer, gratis, in 1577. He afterwards appears to have followed the trade of a silk mercer, keeping a shop in Cheapside, and by successful application to business, and having great dealings with the court, for his rich silks imported from Italy and other foreign parts, thereby amassed a princely fortune. L^pon King James coming to the throne, he was sworn his servant in 1603, and soon after knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603 ; lent the king, at various times, vast sums of money ; was one of the first citizens who kept shop after being knighted, ar.d in 1007, having some dispute with the court of aldermen about it, he replied to the effect that " he did not intend to live altogether upon interest, as had been the custom after knighthood; but still intended to have a regard for his trade." M. C. for Va. Co., May 2.3, 1009. He built Hicks Hall, 1610-12 ; was HICKS — HINE 923 elected an Alderman of Bread Street ward, November 12, IGll. Built the celebrated Campdeu House about 1612. One of those who purchased the Bermudas Islands t'lom the Va. Co., November 25, 1G12, and resigned them to the crown, November 23, 1014. He collecti'd a large sum from the Ad- venturers for the Va. Co. of Loudon; created a baronet July 1, 1620; M. F. for Tavistock in 1621-22, and for Tewkesbury, 1624-2.5; member of the royal comnussion for winding up the affairs of the Va. Co., July 15, 1624; M. P. for Tewkesbury in 1625, 1626, and in 1628. In 1626 he gave the parish church of Chipping Campden, Gloucester- shire, "two gilt comunion holies with their covers," and in acknowledgment the church-wardens sent him '• three couple of chickens, which cost them two shillings and three pence." He was created Baron Hicks of Ilniing- ton, in the county of Warwick, and Viscount Campden of Campden in Gloucestershire, May 5, 1628. He died October 18, 1629, aged 78, and was buried at Campden, where a magnificent monument was erected to his memorv by his widow, Lady Campden (Elizabeth, daughter of Richard May, Esq., of London). " To the memory of her Dearest and Deceased Husband, Baptist Lord Hickes, Viscount Campden ; Born of a worthy Family in the city of Lon- don. ^^'ho, by the Blessing of God on his ingenuous endeavours, arose to an ample estate and to the foresaid De- grees of Honour. And out of those Blessings, disposed to charitable uses, in his Lifetime, a large Portion, to the Value of £10,000. Who lived reli- giously, Virtuously, and generously, to the age of seventy-eight years ; and died October the 18th, 1629." The following title-page will explain itself : " A Defiance to Death, Being the Funebrious Commemoration of the R* Hon : Baptist Lord Hicks, &c., late deceased. Preached at Camden in Gloucestershire, November 8, 1629, (by John Ganle). London. Printed by Thomas Harper for Robert Allot, &c. 1630." Hicks, 'William. Pd. £30. Hide, John, grocer, 2. Snb. ; pd. . "Son of Mr. John Hide, grocer, deceased, and Helen his wife, was sworne a free Brother by Patri- mony, March 5, 1603. He did busi- ness at the sign of The Baskett at Bil- lingsgate in Thames Street, and was still living in 1617." (From Grocers' Records.) Also of E. 1. and N. W. P. compauies. Hide (or Hyde), Lawrence, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Second son of Lawrence Hide, of West Hache in Wilts (third son of Robert Hide, of Northbury, Cheshire). He was seated at Heale near Salisbury in AVilts ; M. P. for Heytosbury, 1584-85; Chippenham, 1586-87 ; Heytesbury again, 1597-98 ; Marlborough, 1601 and 1604-11 ; attorney-general to Anne, queen of James I. ; knighted at Whitehall, November 7, 1614 ; elected to the Council of Virginia on February 5, 1623 ; married Barbara, daughter of John Baptist Castillon, Esq., of Benham, Berks, by whom he left eleven sons. (See Le Neve's " Knights.") (His brother Henry was the father of Edward Lord Clarendon, whose daughter Anne became Duch- ess of York, and mother of queens Mary the second and Anne, her suc- cessor.) Hide (or Hyde), Nicholas, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Brother of Sir Lawrence, aforesaid, was born about 1572 (?) ; M. P. for Andover, 1601, Christ Church, 1604-11, Bath, 1614, and Bristol, 1626 ; Lent reader at the Middle Temple in 1617 ; prepared defense of Bnekingham in 1626 ; knighted at Whitehall January 28, 1627 ; three days after (31st) ap- pointed a sergeant at law, and five days after (February 5), chief justice of the King's Bench ; died at Hinton Lodge, Hampshire, August 25, 1631. His nephew, afterwards the Earl of Clarendon, studied the law under his guidance. Hill, Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £87 10.S. Clerk of assignments. Hill, Tristram, 2. Sub. ; pel £25. Himes. See Hawes. Hine. See Hawes. 924 HINSON — HOLECROFT Hinson, Tobias, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £45. Entered and sworn to freedom in the Grocers' Company, July 6, 1586. Hinton (Henton, Hunton, etc.). Dr. Anthony, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. " Docktor in Phisick." Hinton, Griffin, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Hobart, Sir Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. . I find this name fre- quently spelled Hubard. Gi-anger says, " the name is pronounced Hubbart or Hubbard." " He applied himself to the study of the Laws ; was called to the bar, June 24, 1584 ; having been entered at Lincoln's Inn, attained such knowledge therein, and grew into such esteem, that in 1597 he was elected one of the Governors of that Society." M. P. for Yarmouth in 1597 and in 1601 ; sergeant at law in 45 Eliza- beth ; knighted by King James, July 23, 1603 ; M. P. for Norwich, 1604-11 ; attorney for the Court of Wards, No- vember 3, 1605, and king's attorney- general, July 4, 1606 ; M. C. for Va Co., May 23, 1G09. He was appointed one of the governors of the Charter- house, at the institution of that great charity, June 22, 1611, and created a baronet, November 22, 1611 ; one of the incorporators of N. W. P. Co., July 26, 1012 ; constituted lord chief justice of the Common Pleas, Novem- ber 26, 1613 ; which post he filled with .notable sufficiency to his death ; sworn a free brother of the E. I. Co., Decem- ber 5, 1617 ; umi>ire in the case be- ?tween the Earl of Warwick and the E. I. Co., March-April, 1620 ; con- 'tributed £100 towards new building the chapel of Lincoln's Inn, which was finished in 1623 ; died December 26, 1625. " A great loss to the weal public," as Sir Henry Spelman writes. His " Law Reports " were first pub- lished in 1641, and have been fre- quently republished. He married Dorothy, daughter of Sir Robert Bell, of Beauprd Hall, chief baron of the Exchequer, by whom he had a large family, including the following : Sir John, his successor, ancestor of the earls of Buckinghamshire ; Sir Miles, who married Siisan, daughter of Sir John Peyton, and " Robert Hubbard, christened at Hackney Cluirch, Sep- tember 28, 1606," who was probably the Robert Hubbard living in Vir- ginia about 1650. Hobson, Captain Nicholas. " A grave gentleman, who was willing to go that voyage, and to adventure £100, himself." (Gorges.) Hodges, John, grocer. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £50. Elected alderman of Cordwainer ward. July 9, 1622 ; sher- riff in 1622-23 ; died in 1629 ; he was colonel of the Archers in 1627. Hodges, Thomas, merchant-tailor, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 15s. March, 1620, he gave to Walter El- dred, by will, his three shares in Vir- ginia. Hodges, William, gent., 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. A captain of the Archers in 1627. Hodgeson. See Hudson. Hodsale, John, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Hogan, Gresham, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. The son of Edmund Hogan, treasurer of the Com- pany of Cathay (1577-79), and one of tlie friends, factors, and executors of Sir Thomas Gresham ; who sent to Gresliam the memorable " payre of long Spanish silke stockings, which he presented to Edward VI., which was a great present, for Edward's father, Henry VIII., did weare onely cloath hose." Gresham Hogan was also a member of the E. I. Co., and from the records of that company we find that he came to " a violent and wilful end," in 1621, leaving issue. Hole, William. He engraved the pictures in Coryat's "Crudities ;" the title-page and some of the maps in Camden's " Britannia," etc. He was not a member of the Va. Co. Holecroft, Captain Jeffrey, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Son of Thomas Holcrof t, of Battersea in Surrey ; was a captain in the Low Countries. Holecroft, Captain Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Came to Vir- ginia with Lord De la Warr, in 1610 ; afterwards commanded one of the forts at Kicoughtan, and died there. He was the son of Sir Thomas Hole- croft (see next) ; was the last known of tlie Vale royal family ; married Mary, daughter of the Hon. Henry Talbot (son of George, Earl of Shrews- bury). His widow married Sir ^Vil- liam Airmyu (Armyne), baronet (M. P. HOLECROFT — HOOD 925 for Boston in 1G21 and 1624). She was a celebrated woman. Holecroft, Sir Thomaa, 2. Sub. ; pd. £10. Of Vale Royal, Cheshire ; son and heir of Sir Thomas Holecroft, knijjlit (i-eceiver of the Duchy of Lancaster to J^dward VI.), by Juliana, daughter and heir of Nich- olas Jemiings, of Poyeton, alderman of Jjondon. When a young man, in some quarrel, he killed Henry, second son of Wil- liam, fifth Baron Burgli, and brother to Sir John Burgh ; knighted at York, April 17, 16U3 ; gentleman of the privy chamber to King James ; M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607 ; died Febru- ary 26, 1620, on which day Chamber- lain writes, " On Saturday last Sir Thomas Holcroft, an old Knight that long since killed the Lord Burgh's brother, fell down a pair of stairs at his lodging in the Strand, and so bruised his skull that he died this morning " He married, first, Eliza- beth, daughter of Sir Edward Fellon, of Gawsworth, Cheshire ; second, Eliz- abeth, daughter of Sir William Rey- ner, of Overton, Hants. By his first wife he had a son, Capt. Thomas Hol- croft, aforesaid. Holeman, George, grocer, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £100. Admitted to the liverj^ in 1,jOO, and was on the Court of Assistants of the Grocers for many years, up to 1615. He married, at St. Mary Woolchurch Haw, November 14, 1574, Miss Alice Staper ; was a leading member of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies, and gave a thou- sand pounds towards the new erection of the Church of St. Benet Fink, Broadstreet ward, London. George Holeman, Jr., his son, I suppose was admitted to the livery (Grocers) in 1613. Holland, Earl of. — Henry Rich. Holland, (Holliland), Samuel, gent., 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 lOs. Holland, William. Pd. £12 lOs. Holies, Sir John, 2. Sub. £75; pd. £75. Of Houghton, County North- ampton; son of Denzell Holies, Esq.; was one of the band of gentlemen pensioners under Queen Elizabeth and King James; knighted in Ireland by Sir William Fitzwilliam, the lord deputy, in January, 1594; served un- der his cousin, Sir Francis Vere, and was with him in the Island voyage ; comptroller of the household of Henrv, Prince of Wales, 1610 ; mem- ber of tlie N. W. P. Co., 1612; created Baron Houghton of Houghton, July 9, 1616, and Earl of Clare, November 2, 1624. He died October 4, 1637. The celebrated Denzill HoUis (one of the five members) was his second son by his first wife. " The Earl of Clare was one of Ralegh's earliest and latest friends, in association with whom he had served both in court and in camp, and to wlionx he was attached by re- ciprocity of sentiments and .similarity of pursuits." Holt, Christopher, 2. Sub. ; pd. . His fair marble tomb in the south wall of the Quire of Alhal- lowe's Stane, or Stayning Church, Langborue ward, London, contained the following lines: — " Our Holt (alas !) liath stint his hold, by Deatii cal'd hence in haste, Whose Christen name being Christopher with Christ is better plac't. In Sawton born of gentle race, in London spent his days, A clerke that serv'd in Custom house, in credit many nayes. So that altho' we feele the losse of this so deare a Friend, His life spent well wliile he was here, hath gained a better end." Holt, John, gent., 2. Sub.' ; pd. £12 lOs. Came to Virginia in 1608. Hood, Thomas. In Drake's voy- age round the world, 1577—80 ; iu Fentou's voyage, 1582-83; was read- ing a lecture within the Leadenhall on Geometry, Astronomy, and Geogra- phy about 1583-84 ; reading the said lecture in the house of Master Thomas Smith in Gracious Street in 1588. One of tliose to whom Ralegh made an assignment from his charter for colo- nization, March 7, 1589. "The use of the Celestial Globe in Plan set foorth in Two Hemispheres. . . . Set Foorth by Thomas Hood, Mathemati- call Lecturer in the citie of London, sometimes Fellow of Trinitie College in Cambridge. . . . Imprinted . . . 1590," dedicated to John Lord Lum- ley and Master Thomas Smith. He also published the " Use of the Jacob's Staffe ; " a corrected edition of Bourne's " Regiment of the Sea ; " a map; " The Marriner's Guide ; " and other works in 1590, 1592, and 1596. " The making and use of the Geo- metricall Instrument called a Sector. 926 HOOKER — HOWARD . . . Written by Thomas Hood, Doc- tor in Physicke, 1598." Hooker, George, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Hooker, Nicholas, 3. Sub £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. " Royston, Marcli 3, 1615. Grant to William Jordan and Nicholas Hooker, of London, nominees of Edward Lord Morley of the sole printing of a small book, entitled ' God and the Kinge ; or, a Dialogue, shewing that our Sovereign Lord, King James, being ymediate under God within his Dominions, doth rightfiillie claime, whatsoever is re- quired by the Oathe of Allegiance ; ' with instructions for the same to be taught in Latin and English, in all schools, as a means to ' season yonge mindes against the pestilent doctrines of the Jesuits.' " Hope, Thomas, a tailor. Came to Virginia in January, 1608, and proba- bly returned to England. Hopkins, John, alderman of Bris- tol, 2. Sub. ; pd. . February 6, 1610, he wrote to Lord Admiral Nottingham about the taking of a Bristol merchant ship by pirates ; of the pirate Eston, etc. (see State Pa- pers). Hore, Robert. *' A man of goodly stature, of great courage, and given to the study of cosmography." Hortop, Job. " Borne at Bourne in Lincolnshire ; cliief gunner of the Jesus of Lubec; set on shore by Haw- kins in 1568; after many miseines he reached Mexico; ^vas a prisoner to the Spaniards for 23 years ; namely, two years in Mexico, one year in the con- traction-house in Seville, another in the Inquisition house in Triana, twelve years in the galleys, four years (with the cross of St. Andrew on his back) in the Everlasting-Prison, and three years a drudge to Hernando de Soria. The vessel on which he was confined was taken by an English ship, and he was landed at Portsmoutli, December 2, 1.500." In 1591 he publislied an account of his "Travailes," which he dedicated to Queen Elizabeth. Hoskins, John, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. pd. . Youngest son of John Hoskins, M. P. for Hereford ; was born about 1566; was of the Mid- dle Temple ; M. P. for Hereford, 1604-11, 1614, and 1628-29, He made a noted speech in the Parliament of 1614, for which he was committed to the Tower 22, for inserting passages concerning Vir- ginia in his book, and adds, " But he either never performed the service, or is at least a writer of that obscurity and insignificancy that I neither know, nor can find anything of him." Ho-well — Ho-wle, Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Hudson — Hodsdon — Hoddes- ton, etc., Christopher. Second son of Simon Hodsdon, of Hodsdon and of Edgeworth in Com. ^liddlesex, by liis wife Joane, daughter of John Ether- edge. He was agent and factor of the Merchant Adventurers in Russia for 25 years, from about lo53 to 1570. In 1578 he was a leading citizen and haberdasher of London ; interested in Frobisher's Northwest voyages ; with others he sent a trading vessel to Brazil in 1580 ; consulted about the colony to the southwest of Cape Breton in 1583 ; interested in Davys' s Nortli- west voyages ; governor of Merchant Adventurers of Antwerp, 1582 to IGOl. The date of his death is not known to me. I take him to be the Christopher Hodson who was knighted at White liall July 23, 1003, before the coronation of the king. He married Alice, daugh- ter of Alexander Carleill, and sister of Capt. Christopher Carleill (see Sir George Barnes, the elder). His "sole daughter and heyre," Ursula, married Sir John Lee, son of Sir Thomas Leigh of Stoneleigh. Hudson (see Hodgeson), John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Member of E. I. Co. "June 7, 1019, John Hodgson transferred to Francis Whitner two shares in Virginia, which he passed to Mr. Xicholas Ferrar. " Hughes, Rev. Levvis (of Bermudas Islands), married in 1025, Anne, relict of John Smith, citizen and draper of Loudon at St. George, Bo- tolph Lane. ^C^^L^h^'^o i?< C7^^^- Humble, Richard, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £100. Of Southwark, Vintner, and of Goosehayes, County Essex, esquire, A member of the E. I. Co., and an alderman of London. He died in April, 1010, " and lies buryed in St. Mary Overy's Church under a fayre monument." His son, Peter Humble, gent., transferi-ed ten shares in Virginia to John Burgh on May 14, 1023. Richard Humble, Esq., was an ancestor of the present Earl of Du.lley. Hungerford, Sir Ed"ward. M. C. for Va., March 9, 1007, at which date there were two knights of tlie name ; but I think this was the son of Sir Anthony Hungerford, by his Avife Sarah, daughter of Giles Crouch, of Cornhill ward, London, because his mother's sister, Jane Crouch, mar- ried John Bargrave, of Bifrons, in the Parish of Patricksborn in Kent, who claimed to have been the first person to establish a private plantation in Virginia. Hungerford, Sir John, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . Of Down Am- prev, Gloucester ; knighted in 1590 ; M. ^ P. County Gloucester, 1597-98 ; and for Cricklade, IGOJ— 11. Huusdon, Lord. — Heury Carey or Gary. Hunt, Rev. Robert. Probably Robert Hunt, A. M., who was ap- pointed to the vicarage of Reculver, Kent, January 18, 1594, and resigned in 1002. (See Richard Bancroft.) Huntington, Earl of. — Henry Hastings. Huntley, Sir George, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £25. Son of John Huntley, Esq. He was lord of the manor of Woodchester, Gloucestershire ; died in 1022 ; married a daughter of Sir William Wintour of Lydney. Huntley, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Probably the father of Sir George aforesaid. Hunton. See Hinton. Hyde. See Hide. Idiaques, Don Juan de. He was chief secretary of state and of war to Philip II. of Spain, and one of his con- fidential advisors in the aft'airs of the great Armada of 1588. Motley, writ- ing of him, under 1007, says, " But Don John of Idiaquez, who had really been the most efficient of the old ad- ministration, still remained in the council [of Pliilip III.]. . . . There 930 INFANTADO — IRBY was no disposition on the part of the ancient minister to oppose the new order of things. A cautious, caustic, dry okl functionary, talking more with his shoulders than with liis tongue, determined never to commit himself, or to risk shipwreck by venturing again into deeper waters than those of the harbor in which he now hoped for repose, Idiaquez knew that his day of action was past." (Motley's " United Netherlands," iv. 353, 354.) Infantado, Duke de. Don Rod- eric Dias de Vivar de Hurtado de Mendoza Sandoval de la Vega et Luna, seventh Duke of Infantado, who died in 1657 without issue. Ingrain, Arthur, esquire, tallow- chandler, 3. Sub. £75; pd. £75. Son of Hugh Ingram, of London, mer- chant, by his wife, Anne Galthrope. His parents were married in St. Mary Woolnoth Church, London, May 25, 156'2, and he was probably born about 1565-70. He became a member of the Tallowchandlers' Guild, and an active man of affairs; comptroller of the cus- toms for London, 1608, and after ; M. P. for Stafford, 1609-11 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1612 ; member E. I Co.; knighted at Theobald's, July 9, 1613. He married, first, Susan, daughter of Richard Brown, of London, by whom, with other issue, he had Arthur (Sir), his heir, of the same name, knighted July 16, 1621, with whom he is fre- quently confused. His first wife died prior to 1613, and Chamberlaine says he married (secondly), early in Septem- ber, 1613, " a young widow, Holyday, a proper woman, worth £3,000. She had withstood an army of wooers, and I think now lighted on the worst." Burke gives her maiden name as "Alice Ferrers." She bore her hus- band one son, and died in October, 1614. Sir Arthur Ingram was chosen sheriff of London, June 27, 1614, but refused to serve ; was sworn cofferer to the king's household, February 25, 1615, and displaced in Jidy following. There was some trouble about the office. Chamberlaine wrote July 20, 1615, "He means, they say, to retire to his place at York, and hath con- tracted to give Sir Edward (ireville £22,000 for the best of his lands, and to marrji one of his danr/kleis and heirs." He had made extensive purchases in the County of York, including the manor of Temple Newsom (from the Duke of Lennox), where Lord Darnley, the king's father, was born ; and he was also interested in the alum mines in that county. He married, thirdlj^, Mary, daughter of Sir Edward Gre- ville. He was sheriff of York, 1619 ; M. P. for Appleby, 1621-22, and for York, 1624-25, 1625, 1626, and 1628-29. He died in 1642, and was succeeded by his son. Sir Arthur, who died in 1655, whose son, Henry In- gram, was created Viscount Irvine and Baron Ingram, May 23, 1661; an an- cestor of the IMarquis of Hertford. Ingram, David. Of Barking, Essex, and aged about fifty in 1582 ; was put ashore by Hawkins, October 8, 1568, north of the Bay of Tampico, Mexico ; traveled northward, and within twelve months reached the Atlantic coast " about 50 leagues from Cape Brittou," where he found a French vessel, which carried him and his two comrades (Richard Brown and Richard Twide) to England, " anno 1569." He was ex- amined by Walsingham and others as to America to the southwest of " Cape Britton," in August, 1582, and the same year published "The Relation" of his travels in America ; which was afterwards used by Hakluj't in his edition of 1589 ; but omitted from the edition of 1599, probably because Ingram had evidently drawn, for some of his descriptions, on Sir Thomas Moi-e's " Utopia." Ingram, Captain John. Member of the N. W. P. Co., July 26, 1612. The charter "grants to Thos. Button, captain of the Resolution, and John Ingram, master of the Discovery, and to the mariners and companies of those ships who set to sea in April, 1612, for discovery of the said passage, and to their executors all customs from December 15, 1616, to December 15, 1617." I take him to be John Ingram, of Milborne, County Cornwall, who was granted a pardon for piracy De- cember 13, 1611. Ipswick, BailiSes of, 3. Sub. ; pd. £100. Ii'by, Anthony, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Whap- load. County Lincoln ; was bred to the law; M. P. for Boston, 1588-89; " one of the Masters of the Bench of ANNE ^ucen ol Janiis r IRBY — JAMES 931 the Hon. Society of Lincoln's-inn, Lon- don, in 32 Eliz. and the following- year Autumn Reader to the Society. His arms were depicted in the third win- dow of the chapel, towards the north." (Collins.) He purchased the manors of Moulton, etc., 38 Elizabeth ; was M. P. for Boston, 1597-98, IGOl, 1G04-11, 1614, and 1G21-22. He was also au alderman and the recorder of Boston. May 23, 1G20, he transferred two of his shares in Vii'ginia to Sir Nicholas Tufton ; was buried in Whapload Church, October G, 1G23. Richard Bellingham (afterwards gov- ernor of Ma.ssaclui.setts) succeeded bim as recorder of Boston. His sou Anthony, knighted June 2, 1G24 (the ancestor of the Lords Boston), married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Pey- ton, Bart., of Iselham, County Cam- bridge. Ironsides, Richard, leather-seller, 2. Sub. ; pd. £75. Member of the Rus., E. L, and N. W. P. com- panies. He died in 1627, and lies under " A fair monument on the Northside of the clianeel of St. Faith's in Fariug- don Ward Within, London." Isaacksoii, Powell, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Son of William Isaacson, of Sheffield in County Yorke, by Ellen, daughter ot Thomas Waplade of Ban- bury, Com. Oxford. Isham George, ironmonger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 lUs. Also of N. W. P. Co. Jackson (see Juxon) Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Jacobson, Peter, of Antwerp, merchant, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Jacobson, Philip, of Antwerp, jew- eler, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £62 "lOs. Of St. Margarets Parish, in Billings- gate ward, Loudon ; one of the king's jewelers ; was the sou of Jacob Jacob- son de Antwerp. March 18, 1614, he bought the great diamond of the E. I. Co., paying £535 therefore. Jacques, Gabriel. Pd. £25. Jadwine, Thomas, cutler. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £75. Son of Will-am Jadwyn, of Barwick, escpiire; married Lucy, daughter and heir of Sir John Skillicorne, of Preshall, in County Lancaster, knight. I tliink the above correct ; but when he died, in 1627, his then wife (possibly secoud wife) was named Elizabeth. (See his Will in "New Eag. Reg.," October, 1888, p. 393.) ^//M^%^ James I. See Stuart. James, Edward, merchant-tailor, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £1. Of E. I. and N. W. P. companies. James, Thomas, 1. Of Bristol, merchant. William James, from St. John's Brecknock and afterwards of WoUastou and Tidenham, married Margaret Warren. Their son, Thomas James, of whom I write, was " born at Wollaston and married at Almonds- bury, to which parish he left a small leg- acy;" aided in sending out the Mary- Howre and other vessels to prey upon the shipping of Spain in 1585 and after. He was sheriff of Bristol in 1591, in which year, on September 14, he wrote a letter to Cecil i-egarding the discov- ery of the Island of Ramea near New Foundland. " He was made au al- derman of Bristol in 1604, was mayor in 1605 and 1614, and represented the city in three Parliaments, namely, 1597-98, 1604-11, and 1614." M. C. for Va., November 20, 1606; had a dispute with John Whitson in 1016-17. " He died in January, 1619, possessed of considerable property, and was car- ried to his tomb in St. Mark's Chapel by the four mayor's Serjeants. His effigy, kneeling in prayer with an open Bible upon his desk, may yet be seen in the south end of the aisle of the Church of St. Mark." He left four sons and five daugh- ters. The eldest son, Thomas James, chose the hgal profession, and "be- came a ricli barrister at law of the Inner Temple, possessed of all that was calculated to make life easy and happy ; w.as interested in tiie sup- posed North West Passage, left the (juietude of his chambers, and adven- tured his substance and his life in a noble attempt to solve that problem." He made his voyage in tlie Henrietta Maria, of 70 tons, from May 2, 1631, to October 22, 1632; saw sea service before and after thisj died m 1665. 932 JAMES — JONES Capt. Thomas James wrote an ac- count of his " Strange and Dangerous Voyage in his intended Discovery of the Northwest Passage into the South Sea," which was published in 1633. "His Map is a singularly correct de- lineation of the high latitudes for that time." James, "William, Lord Byshopp of Duresme, 3. Sub. ; pd. . He was chaplain to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, and was the last of his coat that was with him in his sickness. Dean of Durham, 1596 ; bishop, 1606; died May 12, 1617. Jermyii, Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £12 10s. Of Rushbrooke in Suffolk; M. P. Sudbury, 1588-89; knighted by the Earl of Essex before Rouen in 1591; M. P. Andover, 1604- 11; Bury St. Edmunds, 1021-22, 1624-25, 1625, 1626, 1628-29, 1640, etc.; was comptroller of the household to King Charles I., and father of the first Earl of St. Albans. Jewell, James. Pd. £25. Jobson, Humfiey, gent., 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Jobson, Walter. Pd. £25. Jobson, William. Pd. £25. Johnson, Edward, esquire. Of the Inner Temple ; an eminent lawyer ; patented lands in Virginia in 1(322 ; one of the commissioners for the Caribbee Islands in 1637; still living in 1642. Johnson, Humfrey, gent. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. . Johnson, Robert, merchant- tailor. Pd. £60. Johnson, Robert, grocer, 2. Sub. £60 ; pd. £241. He was a brother to John Johnson, of Abbot's Anne in Hampshire, Archdeacon of Worcester; sworn a free brother of the Grocers, January 15, 1586, an incorporator of the E. L Co. in 1600 ; a director of that company in 1606, and frequently thereafter; an incorporator of the N. W. P. Co., and one of the purchasers of the Bermudas Islands in 1612. On the Court of Assistants of the Grocers' Company, 1613; an incorporator of the B. I. Co. in 1615. He was " Director of The Magazine," Deputy Treasurer, and M. C. for Va. Co., and renter of the Grocers' Company in 1616; sheriff of London, 1617; junior warden of the Grocers and alderman from Cornhill ward in 1618; a defeated candidate for treasurer and deputy of the Va. Co. in 1619 ; recommended to that com- pany as a lit person for treasurer b}' King James in 1620. A witness in Bacon's case, 1621. On October 22, 1622, the New England Council con- sulted Mr. John Selden and Mr. Robert Johnson, " concerning the heads of ye new Grand Patteut." He was a mem- ber of the Smythe faction in 1623; on the commission of July 15, 1624, for the V^a. Co. affairs ; governor of the B. I. Co. in 1625, and in 1626 he is mentioned as then "alderman of Lon- don, governor of Virginia and Bermu- das companies," etc. He had a house at Bow, and Capt. John Bargrave says, " The idea of taking away of the Pat- ent from the Virginia Company was hatched at Alderman Johnson's house at Bow at the King's being there." He was probably the author of "Nova Britannia" (LXVIII.) and of "New Life of Virginia" (CCX.) and as these show a knowledge of history, he was possibly the Robert Johnson who translated from Botero "An His- torical description of the most famous Kingdomes and Common-Weales in the Worlde," which was published in 1601, and again with additions in 1603. He left an only daughter and sole heir, Martha Johnson, who married Timothy, seventh son of Sir Thomas Middleton, Lord Mayor. r^s^^F^^^/ Johnson, Sir Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £56. M. P. Monmouth, 1597 and 1601; clerk of the Deliveries of the Ordnance ; knighted at White- hall, Jidy 10, 1604; M. P. Monmouth, 1604-11 and 1614. Johnson, Thomas, fishmonger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £62 10s.+£2. A member of N. W. P. Co. Johnson, Thomas, merchant-tailor. Pd. £l+£25. Johnson, William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. This name is given as Johnson by Stith; but I take it to be the William Janson or Jonson who paid £37 10s. Jones, Francis, esquire, haber- dasher, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 JONES— JUXON 933 lOs. Sou of John Jones, of Claverley in the County of Salop; sheriff of Lou- don, 1610-11 ; alderman of Aldgate ward from July 18, 1010; N. W. P. Co., 1612; was a farmer of the cus- toms; knighted March 12, 1617; lord mayor, 1620, and resigned January 22, 1621; resided at Welford and had a town-house in the city in the parish of St. Andrew's Uudershaft; died at Wel- ford in 1022. Jones, Inigo. The great architect; born about 1.j73; died in 1652. Jones, Zachary, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £10. Jousou (Johnson), Ben. One of the most celebrated English poets ; poet laureate to James I., 1619; M. A., Oxford, July 19, 1(520 ; chronol- oger of London, September 2, 1628; died August 6, 1637, and was buried in Westminster Abbey under a tomb whose only inscription was, " O ! rare Ben Johnson." Jordan (Jourdan), Samuel, emigrated to Virginia at an early date; was a member of the first Legis- lature in America " convented att James city in Virginia July ye 30th, 1619," as a representative or Burgess for Charles Citj', and served on an important committee. His plantation, " Jordan's Jorney," was one of the alliterative names which soon became the fashion in the colony, e. g. : Pace's Pains, Cawsey's Care, Chaplain's Choice, etc., and his residence, 'Beg- gar's Bush," was possibly the first in the colony to receive a name. " December 10, 1620, he was granted by patent 450 acres in the Territory of Greate Weyonoke, Charles Cittie." After the massacre of March 21, 102|, "Master Samuel Jorden gathered to- gether but a few of the stragglers about him at Beggar's Bush, where he fortified and lived in despight of the enemy." Governor Francis Wyatt wi'ote from Virginia in April, 1622, " that he thought fit to hold a few out- lying places including the Plantaeion of Mr. Samuel Jourdans; but to aban- don others and concentrate the Colo- nists at Jamestown." July 3, 1622, Mrs. Mary Tue assigned 100 acres of land lying in Diggs his hundred to Samuell Jordan of Charles Hundred, gentleman. He died prior to April, 1623, leaving a wife, Cicely (born in 1600, came to Virginia in the Swan in August, 1611) and at least two chil- dren, Mary and Margaret Jordan, both born in Virginia. Three or four days after Mr. Jor- dan's death, the Rev. Greville Pooley courted his widow and thought he was accepted ; but some time thereafter she contracted herself to Mr. William Ferrar before the governor and coun- cil, and disavowed the former contract. Parson Pooley, however, was not will- ing to be passed over, and laid his claims before the governor and coun- cil, "June 4, 1623, they examined Capt. Isaac and j\Iary Maddison and Serj. John Harris touching the sup- posed contract of marriage between Mr. Greville Pooley and Mrs. Cicely Jordan 3 or 4 days after her hus- band's death." It was too knotty a question for the Virginia court, and they referred it to the Council in London, and on April 24, 1624, the depositions in the case wei-e laid on their table, and after reading same, the court " entreated the Rev. Samuel Purchas to confer with some civilians, and advise what answer was fit to be returned in such a ease." I suppose this was the first breach of promise case in our annals. I am greatly tempted to discourse on the old founder, Samuel Jordan ; but brevity is the rule, and I must re- sist this temptation. He was probably married more than once, and many very good people, now upholding the country in letters and affairs, claim descent from him. Joseph, Captain Benjamin. He was killed in a fight with the Portu- guese in the East Indies in INIarch, 1617, while captain of the Globe in the service of the E. I. Co. He is spoken of as a man of extraordinary note and respect. Joshua, John, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Joy, M. " Afterwards gentleman of the King's chappel." Juxon, Thomas, Sr., merchant- tailor, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Son of John Juxon, of London, and uncle of William Juxcm, Bishop of London. He was of the N. Fid., E. I., and X. W. P. comjianies ; died in 1620. (See Will in "N. E. Register," July, 1889, p. 304.) Bishop Juxon attended 934 KEILE — KILLIGREW Charles I. on the scaffold, and to him the king addressed his last mysterious word, "Remember." Keile, Sir John, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Kelke, Sir Charles, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of Lincolnshire ; knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603. Kendall, Master Abraham. Was on Drake's voyage to America, 1585— 86 ; proposal to leave him at Roanoke, June 8, 1586 ; on Dudley's voyage to the West Indies, 1594—95. He died at Porto Bello in Central America in 1597, leaving the plans and papers of which Sir Robert Dudley made good use. Dudley said that John Davis and Abraham Kendall were the best and most expert mariners that Eng- land ever had. Kendall, Captain George. Went to Virginia in the first expedition of 1606-07, and was executed there in the fall of 1607. I believe that he was a cousin to Sir Edwin Sandys. At a little later date we find Edwin and Miles Kendall, cousins of Sir Edwin Sandys, in the Bermudas, and I believe all these Kendalls to belong to the same family. George, Edwin, and Miles were favorite names in the Sandys family. Sir Edwin Sandys of the Ya. Co. had a first cousin of the same name living at Latimers, whose daughter Dorothy married a Mr. Kendall, whose pedigree I have not found ; but I believe Capt. George Kendall to be one of this family. Keneridgebury, Richard, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. (So in Stith ; but the correct name is " Rich- ard Knaresborough.") Kensington, Lord. — Henry Rich. Kent, Henry. Pd. £25. Probably Henry Kent, of London, haberdasher, or his son, Henry Kent, Master of Arts and fellow of King's College in Cambridge. Keth (or Keith), Rev. George. He came to Virginia in 1617 ^vitll his wife and son. His wife died in 1624. He held a patent in Elizabeth City in 1626. Ketley (or Keightley), Thomas, 2. Sub ; pd. . Was one of the committee of directors of the Va. Co., April 28, 1619 ; an active mem- ber of the Sandys party ; had a dif- ficulty with William Canning in 1623 over the voting on the surrender of the Virginia charter. He married " Rose, daughter of Thomas Evelynge, of Long Ditton in Surrey, Esq." Kettleby, John, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Keymis — Kemys, Captain La'w- rence. Committed suicide while in Guiana with Ralegh, 1617-18. Killigrew, Sir Robert, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £110. Of Hauworth and Lothburg ; eldest sou of Sir William Killigrew, and brother to Elizabeth Killigrew, who married Sir Maurice Berkelev ; M. P. for St. Mawes in 1601 ; knighted at Hanworth, July 23, 1603 ; M. P. for Newport, 1604-11 ; M. C. for Va., 1607 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609 ; " committed to the Fleet prison from the council table for hav- ing some little speech with Sir Thomas Overbury, who called to him as he passed by his window, as he came from visiting Sir Walter Ralegh in May, 1613 ; " M. P. for Helston in 1614 ; keeper of Pendennis Castle for life, July 7, 1614 ; granted the office of prothonotary of chancerv, etc., for life, October 31, 1618 ; M. P. for Newport, 1621-22 ; succeeded to his father's estate in November, 1622 ; a member of the commission for winding up the affairs of the Va. Co. of London, July 15, 1624. According to the " Life of Mr. Nicholas Ferrar," written by his brother, John Ferrar, and edited by Dr. Peckard in 1790, the attested copies of the MSS. Records of the Va. Co. of London (1619-24), now preserved in the library of Congress at Washington, were copied for Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, and by him presented to the Earl of Southampton, " who was afterwards advised not to keep them in his own house, lest search should be made there for them ; but rather to place them in the hands, and entrust tliem to the care, of some par- ticular friend. Which advice, as the times then stood, he thought proper to follow. He therefore delivered them into the custody of Sir Robert Killi- grew, who kept them safely till he died. He left and recommended them to the care of Sir Edward Sackville, late Earl of Dorset, who died in May, 1652." The latter part of this state- ment must be an error, because Killi- KILLIGREW — LAKE 935 grew was really a member of the com- mission from which those copies were to be especially concealed, and because, it seems, they were really bought by Colonel Byrd directly from the bouth- ampton estate. In June, 1625, Sir Robert Killi- grew was one of " the special commis- sioners for the affairs of Virginia." M. P. for Penryn, 1024-25; for Cornwall, 1G25 ; for Tregony, IGllG ; and for Bodmin, 1027-28 ; " a mem- ber of the special commission ap- pointed June 27, 1031, for the better plantation of Virginia." He died in JMay, 1033, and left by his wife jSIary, daughter of Sir Henry AVodehouse of Xorfolk, quite a large family, amongst whom, Hcnrj', Thomas, and Sir Wil- liam Killigrew, the authors. His wife was a niece to Lord Bacon, and he was an uncle to Sir William Berkeley, who was so long the governor of Vir- ginia. Killviltagh, Viscount. — Edward Conway. King, John, Bishop of London. Was born about 1559 ; was chaplain to Queen Elizabeth ; Archdeacon of Xottingham and Dean of Christ Church ; consecrated Bishop of Lon- don, September 8, 1011 ; entertained Pocahontas in 1010 ; collected £1,000 towards the proposed college at Hen- rico, Va. ; was admitted to the Va. Co., May 17, 1020, and chosen one of His Majesty's Council for Va. Co. Died March 30, 1021, and was buried in St. Paul's. King, Captain John, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . Master of Prince Henry's ship about 1010. (Possibly one of the Captains King of the Vo.. Co. went with Ralegh to Guiana in 1617. The only one of his officers who remained faithful to the last, assisting Ralegh in his attempt to escape.) King, Ralph, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £02 10s. There were two leading merchants of this name in London at tliis time. One, a vintner, was church- warden of St. Mary Woolnoth, and related to John King, Bishop of Lon- don. Tlie other, a grocer, wlio got himself into trouble with the English l.ast India Company by making an adventure to the East Indies in a ship of Brest. Kingslynne, Towne of, 3. Sub. • — — ; pd. £75. Kirkham, Walter, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. £10. Kirrill. See Carvil. Kirrill, Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. (Kirrell, Kerell, Carril, C'arryll, Caryll, etc. The correct spelling is probably Caryll.) Kaiaresborough. See Keneridge- bury. Knightley, Richard, esquire. Eld- est son of Thomas Knightley, Esq., of Burghall, Stafford ; born about 1593; acquired Fawsley on death of his rela- tive. Sir Valentine (next), in 1018 ; was M. P. Xorthamptonshire, 1021- 22, 1024-25, 1025, and 1027-28; sheriff of that shire in 1026. Died November 1, 1039. Knightley, Sir Valentine, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Son of Richard Knightley of Northampton ; was M. P. for Tavistock, 1584r-85, 1580-87 ; for Northampton, 1593, and for Countv of Northampton, 1004-11; knighted May 11, 1003; N. W. P. Co., 1012. Died 'December 9, 1018. Knollys, Captain Francis. After- wards knighted in Holland ; was the elder brother of AVilliam Lord Knol- lys ; was M. P. for city of Oxford, 1575 to 1589, and for Berkshire, 1597 and 1000-11. Knollys, "William Lord, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Second son of Sir Francis Knollys by his wife, Catharine Cary (first cousin to Queen Elizabeth). He was M. P. for Tregony, 1572-83 ; County Oxford, 1584-85, 1593, 1597- 98, and 1001 ; was knighted about 1590-92 ; created Baron Knollys, May 13, 1003, Viscount Wallingford, 1016, and Earl of Banbury, 1020 ; was suc- cessively comptroller of the household, 1590 ; treasurer of the household, 1001; master of wards, 1016; Knight of the Garter, 1015. Died Ma}' 25, 1032, aged 88. ( Vide Burke, " Extinct Peerage.") He was an uncle to Lord De la Warr, the first lord governor of Virginia. Lake, Sir Thomas. He was first employed by Sir Francis Walsingham as an amanuensis. By his recom- mendation Queen Elizabeth appointed him clerk of the signet. He was knighted by King James at Green- 936 LANCASTER — LAWRENCE wich, May 20, 1603 ; of N. W. P. Co., 1612 ; made a privy councilor in 1614, and joined principal secretary of state with Sir Ralph Winwood in January, 1616, at which time he was a pensioner of Spain. His daughter married Wil- liam Cecil, Lord Roos, and he became involved in the family troubles with the Countess of Exeter of 1618-19, which resulted in the loss of his sec- retaryship. He died September 17, 1630, and was buried October 19, fol- lowing at Stanmore Parva, Middlesex. He is one of Fuller's Worthies of Hampshire. Lancaster, Sir James. Of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies ; the cele- brated navigator ; a native of Bish- opstoke in Hampshire ; sailed on a voyage to the East Indies in 1591 ; returning, was wrecked on the island of Moua in the West Indies, 1592; was an incorporator and director of the first E. I. Co., December 31, 1600 ; sailed for the East Indies on the first voyage of the E. I. Co. in 1601, and after his return was knighted at Win- chester in October, 1603 ; " possessed of some wealth, lived in his house in St. Mary Axe, and actively promoted all voyages of discovery. He died in 1618." Landman, Christopher. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £50. Clerk of the robes and wardrobe to Henry, Prince of Wales. He was one of the book- keepers of the E. I. Co. in 1614, when be was applauded as one of the most perfect and sufficient accountants in London. Landman, John. Pd. £25. Lane, Captain Ralph. "Second son of Sir Ralph Lane, of Orlingbury, and his wife Maud, daughter of Wil- liam Lord Parr, uncle of Queen Katherine Parr. He was born in Northamptonshire about 1530; entered the queen's service in 1563 ; was an equerry in her court ; served with credit against the rebellion of 1569. Stow describes him as " a projecting man," " a great projector in those times;" in 1574-75 he had a project for raising trooj)S in Kn Palmes, Sir Guy. 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Lindley, County York, and of Ashwell, County Rutland ; knighted at the Charterhouse, May 11, 1603 ; M. P. Rutland, 1614, 1621-22, 1624-25, 1625, 1628-29, 1640, and 1640 till disabled in 1644 ; sheriff, York, 20 James I. Died (?). Panton, Sir Thomas, 2. Sub ; pd. . Of Denbigh; knighted at Whitehall, March 2, 1607 ; ap- HENRY STUART Prince of Wales PARKER — PARRY 961 pointed gentleman extraordinary of the privy chamber to Prince Hemry in 1610. Parker, Sir Nicholas, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. !Son of Thomas Parker, Esq., of Ratton in Sussex, by Eleanor, daughter of William Waller; was born in 1547 ; captain in Fen- ton's voyage, 1582 ; knighted by Lord W^illoughby, in the Low Countries, in 1588 ; M. P. Sussex, 1593 ; in the voyage to the Azores, 1597 ; a dep- uty lieutenant of Cornwall, 159S; com- manded at Plymouth, in the place of Gorges, in 1603; died March 9, 1619, aged 73. Parker, William, Lord Mont- eagle, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Ed- ward Parker, Lord Morley, married Elizabeth Stanley (granddaughter of Edward Stanley, Lord Monteagle, who so greatly distinguished himself at Flodden) and was the father, among others, of William (of whom I write) and of Mary, who married Thomas Habington of Hinlip, Esq., and be- came the mother of William Habing- ton (1605-1645), the poet. William Parker, in right of his mother, J^liza- beth Stanley, was summoned to Par- liament as Lord Monteagle, during his father's life. He was knighted by Es- sex at Dublin, Ireland, July 12, 1599, and was imprisoned for a while in the Tower, in February, 1601, on ac- count of some connection with the " Essex rising." On October 26; 1605, he received that memorable anony- mous letter which led to the detection of the Gunpowder Plot, and King James made him a substantial grant for having thus saved the country from the most summary convulsion ever attempted ; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609 ; also a member of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies. He went with Sir Walter Ralegh on his fatal voyage to Guiana, South America, in 1617-18. In 1618, at the death of his father, he succeeded as Lord ^lorley, and was summoned to Parliament as " Lord Morley and Monteagle," from Janu- ary 30, 1621, to Xovember 4 in the same year. He died in 1622. He married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Tresham, and sister to Francis Tresham, one of the Gunpowder con- spirators. Parker, William, of Plymouth. I suppose this was Capt. W illiam Parker of Plymoutii, who sailed from that city in November, 1601, in command of several vessels for the West Indies, where he took Saint Vincent and Puerto Bello, in February, 1602, At the latter place he took Pedro Me- lendez, the chief governor of that town, prisoner ; using him and his far otherwise than Pedro Melendez, his great-uncle, used the Huguenots in Florida. He returned safely to Plvm- outh. May 6, 1602. On September 24, 1618, Ralegh wrote to King James, " If Parker and Mutton [Mutam ?] tookCampeaeh and other places in the Honduras seated in the hart of the Spanish Indies ; burnt towns, killed the Span- iards ; and had nothing sayed to them at their returne ; and that myselfe for- bore to looke into the Indies because I would not offend I may as justly say, O miserable Sir Walter Ralegh." On the very- day that Ralegh wrote this letter, Parker, who was vice-admiral of the East Indian fleet, under Sir Thomas Dale, died on the voyage. He was then old and corpulent. Parker, William, merchant-tailor. Pd. £5. Still remembered in London for his great charities. Parkhurst, Robert, clothworker, 2. Sul). £37 10s.; pd. £100. Fourth son of Henrj' Parkhurst, of Guildford in Com. Surrey ; sheriff of London and njaster of the Cloth workers in 1624; alderman from Portsoken ward, 1624 to 1634, and from Bread Street ward, August 28, 1634, to his death in 1636 ; M. P. for Guildford, 1626 and 1628- 29 ; gave money to purchase books for Sion College Library, 1632; Lord Mayor of London, 1634^35; knighted at Greenwich May 24, 1635; died in 1636, and was buried in the church of the Holy Trinity, Guildford, where a monument was erected to his mem- ory. Parkins. See Perkins. Parrett. See Perrott. Parry, Henry, Bishop of Worces- ter, 3. Sub. ; pd. £13 6s. 8d. Chaplain to Queen Elizabeth; was of Corpus Christi College, Oxford, and Greek reader there ; made Dean of Chester in 1605; Bishop of Gloucester in 1607, and translated to the see of 962 PARSLOW — PAYNE Worcester iu 1610. He died Decem- ber 12, 1G16. Parslow, Giles, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Having served his apprenticeship, was admitted a free- man of the Grocers' Company in 1581 ; to the liverv, March 21, 1592 ; paid £15 as his part of the £20,000 levied on London by Queen Elizabeth in 1598; was warden of the company in 1606; but came to poverty in 1616; and it was granted and agreed by the Court of Assistants, held December 12, 1616, " that the yearly pension of xx". [£20] per an. shall be by Mr. Rentors of this company payd unto Giles Parsloe, grocer, by quarterly payments as of the common goodes of this house. The first payment to beginn at the feast of the birth of our Lord God next com- yng and to contynue during his good behaviour and the pleasure of this Court." (Grocers' Records.) Also of E. I. Co. ^ Partridge, Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Pashall — Pascoll — Peashall — Piershall — Pershall — Peshall, etc., Edmond, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Admitted to livery, May 24, 1596 ; paid £15 as his share of the levy of 1598; warden, 1609, when he had to pay the default of his brother warden, Timothy Bathurst, to the amount of £368 ; was senior warden in 1616. " AVestminster. March 29, 1615. Grant to Edmond Peshall and Edw. White of London, of the late imposition of 2s. per lb. on tobacco imported for ten years, paving to the King £3,.500 the first year and £7,000 per ann. afterwards, with sole power to import tobacco and to name persons for selling the same, with a proviso of determination at six months' notice, if found prejudicial to the State." (" Sign. Man.'"' vol. v. Nos. 3 and 4.) Pass (or De Passe), Simon, en- graver. Born at Utrecht, 1591. He followed hi8 business in England from about 1613 to about 1623. Paulson, Richard, merchant. Pd. £37 10s. July 22, 1618, he sold four shares in Virginia to Robert Hudson; July 18, 1620, he sold two shares to Mr. Andrews and Mr. Greene. He was long a leading member of the S. I. Co. Pa\vlet, John, esquire, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £12 10s. M. P. for Somer- set, 1614; he "w^as elevated to the peer- age, June 23, 1627, by the title of Baron Poulett of Hinton St. George; and was knighted with liis eldest son, John, by the Earl of Lindsey, on board his majesty's ship, the 'Mary-Honor,' September 27, l635. This nobleman took up arms in the royal cause, and was an active commander during the civil war. He died March 20, 1649," and was succeeded by his son, Sir John, second Lord Poulett of Hinton St. George, who married a daughter of Horace Lord Vei-e. Capt. Thomas Paulett, brother to the first Lord Paulett, born about 1585, came to Virginia in the Neptune in 1618 ; represented Argall's Guifte in our first Legislature, July 30, 1619; and was living at West and Sherley Hundred in 1625; on the commission for Charles City in 1632 and after ; Burgess for Westover and Flowerdieu Hundred in 1633 ; patented 2,000 acres, including Westover, January 15, 163^ ; was a member of the council in 1641-44; died in January, 164^; and left his possessions in Virginia to his brother, the first Lord Paulett, whose son, the second lord, on April 17, 1665, sold the Westover property of 1,200 acres for £170 to Theodrick, son of John Bland. Capt. Thonms Paulett is sometimes confused with Robert Paulett, with whom the adventurers for Berkeley Hundred entered into an agreement on September 15, 1620, to go as preacher, physician, and surgeon to Berkeley in Virginia. He sailed in the Supply in September, 1620, and arrived in Virginia in January, 1621. He was appointed to the Council iu Virginia by tlie court of the Virginia Company of London in July, 1621 ; and probably died in Virginia before April, 1623. Payne, John, gent. Pd £12 10s. 1 PAYNE - PERCIVALL 963 He sold liis share to Dr. Theodore Gulston, December 15, 1G19. Payne (or Paine), Sir Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. M. P. Hiiutiiig- doushire, 1(311, 16-Jl-2li, l&M, and 1628-29; knighted at Greenwich, May 22, 1G05. Either Robert of St. Neots, who married. Elizabeth, daughter of Dr. John Beilby, or his cousin Robert of Medloe, who married Elizabeth, daughter of George Rotherhani, of Soniery, Bedford. Both living in 1(313. Payne, "William, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £100. Of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies. Probably the William Payne, Esq., of llighgate, who died in 1G28. Peckham, Sir George. Son of Sir Edmund Peekham, who died in 15G4, and brother of Sir Robert Peck- ham, who, dying abroad in 15(39, caused his heart to be sent into England and buried in his family vault at Deuliam. Geoi'ge Peckham was knighted in 1570; wished to discover new lands in 1574 ; had an assignment from Gil- bert's patent for colonization in 1580; a prisoner for debts to the queen in December, 1580, probably contracted by his father and brother, who had served the late Queen Mary, and the family estates were seized by P21iza- beth ; still interested in America in 1582; a partner in Gilbert's voyage in 1583, of which he wrote " A True Re- porte " in November, 1583, at which time he proposed to make another voyage under Gilbert's patent. The exact date of his death is not known to me; but the inquisition on his estate was held June 21, 1608: "heir, his son George." Peirscy (Persy — Percy, etc.), Abraham. Pd. £12 10s. Cape mer- chant; he went to Virginia in the Su- san in 1616; had 200 acres given him in Virginia by the company, Novem- ber 15, 1619; was a Burgess in 1622. His daughters, by his first wife, came to Virginia in 1623. He was appointed on the commission w'ith John Porv, John Harvey, John Jefferson, and Samuel IMatthews to look into the state of Virginia, October 24, 1623. This commission inspected Virginia in February, 1624. The report, written by Harvey, is printed in " Mass. Hist. Col." 4th series, vol. ix. pp. 60-73. The " Lists of the livinge and dead in Virginia," at the time is given in " Colo- nial Records of Virginia," Richmond, 1874, pp. 37-60. Abraham Peirsey was member of the Council in Virginia, 1624-28. Some time after Januar}', 1625, he married, secondly, Frances, the widow of Capt. Natiiaiiiel West, the brother of Lord De la Warr. In 1626 he held 1150 acres " uppon Apmatucke river." Not long before Governor Yeardley's death, Peirsey bought of him the lands of Flowerdieu Hundred, being 1,000 acres, and of Weanoake on the oppo- site side of the water, being 2,200 acres, and the sale was confirmed by widow Yeardle}' and the court, November 16, 1627. Peirsey's will (given in Neill's " Virginia Carolornm," pp. 404-406), is dated March 1, 1627. He died before March, 1634. His daughter Elizabeth married, first, Capt. Rich- ard Stephens, and, secondly, (iov. John Harvey. Her son, by her first husband, Samuel Stephens, married Frances Culpeper, and died s. p. His widow Frances, married, second!}-, Gov. William Berkeley, and, thirdly. Col. Philip Ludwell. Pelham, Thomas, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. &65. Son of Herbert Pel- hani, Sr., by his wife, Elizabeth West. (See West pedigree.) Pembroke, Earl of. — Philip, Wil- liam, and William Herbert. Pennington, Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. (Robert Pennington, grocer and citizen of Loudon, brother of Isaac Pennington (lord mayor in 1643), died in 1(345,5./).) Percivall, Richard, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £62 10s Burke says, "The life of this ultimately suc- cessful person was chequered and eventful in no ordinary degree ; " but to go into the particulars at all would require much space, and I must, as usual, confine myself to the briefest outline. Of a very ancient family in Somersetshire; born in 1.550; educated at St. Paul's School and Lincoln's Inn; married against his father's consent and was cast off; went to Spain and, after the deatli of his wife, returned to England. In 1586 he deciphered letters in cipher which had been cap- tured and which conveyed to Eliza- beth the first certain intelligence of the proposed Spanish Armada to be sent 964 PERCY to take England. Secretary, remem- brancer, and one of the commissioners for the office of receiver-general of the Court of Wards in England; reg- ister of the same court in Ireland, and M. P. for the borough of Richmond, in the county of York, in 1604-11. He died in 1020. He was ancestor to the Earl of Egmont, Lord Lovel, etc. His portrait was engraved for the " History of the House of Yvery," etc., 1742, now a rare work. Percy, Allen. Pd. £12 10s. Percy, George, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £20. Eighth son of Henry, eighth Earl of Northumberland, by his wife Catherine, eldest daughter and co-heir of John Neville, Lord Latimer; was born September 4, 1580 ; served for a time in the Low Countries ; sailed for Virginia in the first expedi- tion, December, 1606; governor dur- ing the terrible time from Septem- ber, 1609, to the arrival of Gates in May, 1010. When Lord De la Warr left in March, 1011, in recognition of his former services as governor, he was again ap]iointed until the arrival of Dale in May following. He left Virginia April 22, 1612, and reached England in the following summer. He probably never returned to Vir- ginia again. On May 15, 1020, he transferred to Christopher Martin four of his shares in Virginia. After the appearance of Smith's "General History" with his very un- just account of the affairs in Virginia during the time of Percy's govern- ment, Captain Percy wrote " A Trewe Relacyon of the procedeinges and ocurentes of momente wliich have hap- ened in Virginia, from the Tyme Sir Thomas Gates w.as sliipwrackte uppon the Bermudas An", 1009, untill my departure out of the Country which was in Anno. 1012." This " True Re- lation " he sent to his brother Henry, Earl of Northumberland, with the fol- lowing letter: — "My Lorde, This relacyon I have here sente your Lord-shipp, is for two respeeks, the one, to showe howe mutche I honor you, and desyre to doe you service, the other, in regaid that many untruthes concerninge thcis pro- ceedings have bene formerly published, wherein the Author hathe not spared to ajjropriate many deserts to bimselfe which he never performed, and stuffed his relacyons with so many falseties, and malycyous detractyons not onely of this p'ts and tyme, which I have selected to treate of. Butt of former oecurrentes also: so that I could not conteine myselfe, but express the Truth unto your Lordshipp concern- inge theise affayres, and all which I ayme att is to manyfeste myselfe in all my actyons both now and alwayes to be your Lordshipps humble and faith- full servante. G. P." (Mr. Neill has given some extracts from this Relation in the preface to his " Virginia Vetusta," 1885.) Percy again went to the Low Coun- tries some time after war was declared with Spain, jirobably in 1025, where, Collins says, " he distinguished him- self; had one of his fingers shot off, was captain of a company, A. D. 1627, and died unmarried in 1032," Percy, Henry, ninth Earl of North- umberland. It has been truly written that " the Percys p^e almost without a peer even in the peerage of Great Brit- ain ; their nobility dates as remotely as the sovereignty of Normandy and their renown, coeval with their nobil- ity, has flourished in every age, and coexisted with every generation since. Not more famous in arms than dis- tinguished for its alliances, the family banner bears a galaxy of heraldic honors altogether unparalleled." Henrj', the ninth earl, of whom I write, was born in April, 1504. He was the oldest brother of Capt. George Percy aforesaid; succeeded his father, 1585; followed Leicester to the Nether- lands, December, 1585; joined the fleet against the Armada, 1588 ; K. C. G., 159.3 ; at siege of Ostend, 1001 ; challenged Sir Francis Vere, 1002 ; privy councilor by James I., 1003 ; M. A. Oxford, August 30, 1005 ; sus- pected of being privy to Gunpowder Plot, and committed to the Tower, November, 1005 ; convicted by Star Chamber, fined, and sentenced to im- prisonment for life, June 27, 1003. He corresponded with, and was a good friend to, his brother, Capt. George, in PERCY — PETT 965 Virginia, 1G06-12. lie was the patron of Hariot, Hues, and Warner; liber- ated from the Tower, July 18. 16l*l. His brother George sent him a true account of atfairs iu Virginia (1G09- 12) in reply to the false account in Smith's "History" of 1G24 ; died at Petworth November 5, 1G32; married Dorothy Devereux (sister to the Earl of Essex who was hehcaded in IGOl), and had two sons and two daughters. Algernon Fort in Virginia and Alger- non Sidney, the patriot, were named for his eldest sou Algernon, tenth earl. Dorothy, the eldest daughter, married Rohert Sidney, second Earl of Leices- ter, and Lucy, the youngest, married James Hay, Earl of Carlisle. Perez, Marco Antonio, statesman. Born in Aragon, loll ; secretary of state to Philip XL, 15G7 ; arrests, tri- als, convictions, etc., 1581-91 ; visited England about 1593-95; died at Paris, November 3, 1611. Perkins (Parkins etc.), Aden, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Ap- prenticed to Edmond Peshall ; sworn to freedom, March 8, 1G08; admitted to the livery, 1617. He was also of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies. Perkins (or Parkins), Sir Chris- topher, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £50. During 1590-94 he was sent several times as an ambassador from Queen Elizabeth to the rulers in the East, Christian, King of Denmark, Sigis- mund III., King of Poland, and Ru- dolph II., the emperor of the Romans; M. P. for Ripon, 1597-98 and 1601; knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603; M. P. for Morpeth, 1G04-11, being then " Dean of Carlisle." In 1617 he married " Mrs. Anne Brett, relict of Brett, of Hobie, County Leices- ter, deceased," an aunt of Bucking- ham's, when he said he was " about GO years of age ; " but Chamberlain says he was 77. He succeeded Sir Daniel Dun as master of requests, and died about the last of August, 1G22. "His widow. Lady Perkins, is sister to the Countess of Buekinghani, and mother to the Countess of Middlesex. He was said to be a papist or Jesuit, a doctor, a dean, a master of requests, a knight, and what not." (Chamber- lain.) He was buried in Westminster Abbey, September 1, 1622. Perkins, Edward, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. He died some time before 1G20, at wiiich time his widow held an additional share iu Virginia. Perkins, Francis. Came to Vir- ginia with his son in 1G08. Smith gives in his list of this supply only two of the name, " Francis Perkins, gent., and Francis Perkins, labourer." Smith's gentleman and labourer were probably father and son. Perkins (or Perkin), Thomas, cooper, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Perrott, Sir James, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £12 10s. Of Harrgldston, County Pembroke. Youngest sou, and eventually heir, of Sir John Perrott (natural son of Henry VIII. ), by his second wife, Jane Pollard ; M. P. for Haverfordwest, 1597-88 ; kniglited at Sir William Fleetwood's, July 9, 1603; M. P. for Haverfordwest, 1604-11, IGli, and 1621-22, and for County Pembroke, 162-4-25 ; died, s. p., iu 1611. Petre, John Lord, 2. Sub. ; pd. £95. Son of " Sir William Petre, Knt., LL. D., a person of great learn- ing, and one of the principal secreta- ries of state in the reigns of Henry VIIL, Edward VI., Mary, and Eliza- beth." He was knighted in 1576; M. P. for Essex in 1584r-S5 ; created Baron Petre, of Writtle, County Es- sex, July 21, 1603. He died October 11, 1613, at \\ est Hornden in E.ssex, " of a long, languishing consumption." His sister Dorothy and her husband, Nicholas Wadham, " founded, fin- ished, and endowed Wadham College, 0-xford." Pett, Arthur, 2. Sub. ; pd. . (The same who made the voy- age with Jackman in 1580 ?) Pett (see Peate), Peter, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Lived " on the other side of Depeford in Kent." Son of Peter and brother of the fol- lowing Phineas. (See Le Neve's "Knights.") Pett, Phenice (Phineas), 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Of Chatham, Kent. Second son of Mr. Peter Pett, of Deptford-strand in Kent, one of the shipwrights of Queen Elizabeth, who was the son of Peter Pett, master- builder of the royal navy to Queen Mary. Born on the 1st of November (and baptized on the 8th), 1570, at Deptford ; educated at Emanuel Col- 966 PETT— PHILIP lege in the University of Cambridge, 1586-90. On the death of his father in 1590, he apprenticed himself to Mr. Richard Chapman, a shipwright at Deptford, and was afterwards made one of the shipwrights to King James ; a great favorite of Henry, Prince of Wales; succeeded his elder brother Joseph in 1606, as one of the master- shipwrights in the navy. " He is said to have been the first scientific naval architect, remodeled the navy, abol- ishing the lofty forecastles and poop, which 'liad made earlier ships resemble Chinese junks." (Chambers.) In 1610 he laid down the Prince-Royal, a two- decker, carrying 64 large guns. He was the first master of the Shipwrights' Company, after their new charter of incorporation in 1012. He fitted out the fleet which carried over the Princess Elizabeth and her husband, the Palsgrave, in 1613, and went in the voyage ; fitted out the fleet and sailed with Prince Charles to Spain in 1623 ; and likewise the fleet which brought over Henrietta Maria in 1625. It was a safe idea to make the ship- wright sail in his own vessel on these voyages. In 1637 he launched at Woolwich the celebrated Sovereign of the Seas, the first three-€lecker, and the largest ship hitherto constructed on modern principles. Pett, Captaine Phineas, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Second son of Phin- eas aforesaid, by his wife Anne, daugh- ter of Nicholls ; in the expedi- tion, under Sir R. Mansell, against the pirates of Algiers in 1620; captaine of the Tyger man-of-war ; stationed at Chatham in 1642 ; and was, I take it, the " Phineas Pette, Esq., and Cap- taine," who was buried at Chatham, August 21, 1647. Pett, Master. " Lamentable Newes, Shewing the wonderfull deliverance of Maister Edmond Pet, Sayler, and Maister of a Ship, dwelling in Seeth- ing Lane in London, neere Barking Church. With other strange things lately hapned concerning these great windes and tempestuous weatlicr, both at Sea and Lande. Imprinted at Lon- don by T. C. for William I>arlev, dwel- ling over against Grace Church, neere Algate, 1013." Pettus, Sir John, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of Norwich ; M. P. for Norwich, 1601 and 1604-11; died April 9, 1613. A benefactor of Nor- wich Cathedral. Peyton, Sir Henry, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £25. Sou of Thomas, of St. Edmondsbury, customer of Plymouth, by his wife. Lady Cecilia Bourchier, daughter of John, second Earl of Bath. Sir Henry followed long the wars in the Low Countries; was knighted by King James at Royston in May, 1600; was of the household of Henry, Prince of Wales. He entered the service of the Venetian Republic in 1618. Phellipps (Philips, etc.), Sir Ed- ■ward, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Montacute in Somerset ; M. P. Beer- alston, 1584-85 ; Melcombe, 1586-87 ; Penryn, 1593 ; Andover, 1597-98; Somerset, 1601 and 1604-11; speaker, 1604; called to the bar of Middle Temple ; Serjeant, 160.3 ; king's Ser- jeant, May, 1603, when kniglited; chief justice of Lancashire, 1604; master of the rolls, 1611 ; N. W. P. Co., 1612; died September 11, 1614. Phellipps (Philips) Sir Robert. Of Montacute, Somerset ; son of Sir Edward, aforesaid; knighted at White- hall, July 23, 1603; added to his Maj- estv's Council for the Va. Co. about 16i4 ; M. P. for Saltash, 1614, and for Bath, 1621-22; committed to the Tower for a time in January, 1622 ; a distinguished and active member of the popular party after the dis- solution of Parliament, February 8, 1622; friendlv to the Sandys party in the factions of the Va. Co., 1622-24; M. P. for Somerset, 1624-25, 1625, and 1628-29 ; married Bridget, daughter of Sir Thomas Gorges, by Helena, his wife, widow of the Marquis of North- ampton ; died in 1638, leaving two sons, both afterwards distinguished cavalier commanders. Phettiplace (or Fettiplace), Michael, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Came to Virginia in 1607. Probably returned to England. Phettiplace (or Fettiplace), "Wil- liam, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £10. Came to Virginia in 1607. Probably returned to England. Philip n., of Spain. Born 1527; King of Naples, 1554; married Mary, Queen of England, July 25, 1554; his father, Charles V., abdicated to him the crown of Spain and the Sixinish PHILIP — POCAHONTAS 967 possessions iu America, February 5, 1550; the council of the Indies advised him to contide the conquest of Florida to Don Luis de Velasco, who sailed for that purpose in Septembei", 1558; Queen Mary died November 17, 1558, and Philip proposed to Elizabeth in -January, 155'J, but was refused; i-evolt of the Netherlands, 1505; October 15, 1505, Meuendez wrote to him, "un- folding his plan for colonizing and holding Florida by means of a series of forts at the Chesapeake Bay, Port Koyal, the Martyrs, and the Bay of Juan Ponce de Leon." His treasure stayed in England on account of the Hawkins trouble in 1508 ; King of Portugal, 1580; at open war with Eng- land, 1585; sent the Armada against England, 1588 ; intrigued in France against Henry of Navarre, 1585-93 ; his ministers attempt assassination of Queen Elizabeth, 1593-94; died at the Escurial, September 13, 1598, and was succeeded by his son as Philip III. Philip III, of Spain. Son of Phil- ip II. by his fourth wife, Anna of Austria, whose mother was sister to Philip II. Born at Madrid, April 14, 1578 ; succeeded his father, Septem- ber 13, 1598; made Duke of Lermaliis first minister ; married Margaret of Austria, April 18, 1599; continued war in the Netherlands ; sent embassy to James I. of England in 1003; con- cluded treaty of peace with England, August 18, 1004, and signed the same at Valladolid, June 15, 1005 ; con- cluded truce for 12 years, and rec- ognized independence of the United Provinces, April 9, 1009 (N. S.); ex- pelled all Moors from Spain, January 10, 1010 ; lost his queen, October 3, 1011 ; proposed marriage to the Prin- cess Elizabetii of England, 1012 ; dis- missed Lernia, October 20, 1018; min- istry of the Duke of L'zeda (Lerraa's son); died at Madrid, :March 31, 1021. He was timid, indolent, and incapable, and abandoned the direction of affairs to his favorite, the Duke of Lerma. Phillips. See Phellipps, etc. Phillips, Thomas. Pd. £12 10s. Philpot, Henry. Pd. £25. Pigot, Captain (John), 2. Sub. ; pd. . (Taken prisoner at Mulheim iu 1005. Went with Pialegh to Guiana in 1017, and died there.) Pit, George, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £112 10s. Also of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies. Probably George Pitt, of Harrow on the Hill in County Middlesex, whose daughter Elizabeth married, first. Sir Henry Hatton, and, secondly, Peter Pett. Plumnier (or Plomer), Edward, merchant, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Probably Edmund IMomer, of London, who was buried in St. Swithin's, Lon- don, August 31, 1024. Plumnier — Plumer — Plomer, Thomas, merchant-tailor. Sub. ; pd. . Who bought Sir Walter Ralegh's house and lands at Mitcham in 1010 ; son of Walter Plomer, mer- chant-tailor, of London. In January, 1037, he was chosen sheriff of London, and King Charles wrote to the lord mayor and court of aldermen, asking them to excuse him from serving, " considering his infirmity in his hear- ing, and for some other respects best known to ourself, we hold him no way fit to undertake that charge, espe- cially in these times of action." The lord mayor and aldermen were slow in consenting, and on the 17th Octo- ber, 1037, tlie king wrote, " command- ing that, without further delay, Mr. Plummer's bond should be delivered up to him," etc. He was buried in St. Swithin's Church, London, July 4, 1039. His son. Sir Walter, was made a baronet. Pocahontas. Strachey says this name means " little wanton " — a name which the settlers would be apt to give to any little Indian girl. Powhatan was the father of more than one " little Indian wanton," and it does not seem certain to me that the Pocahon- tas (aged ten) seen by Smith in May, 1008; the Pocahontas, alias Amonate, whoxn Strachey says " married a private captaine called Kocoum" in 1010 ; and the Pocahontas, aliaa Ma- toaka (aged 19), who married John Rolfe in April, 1014, were necessarily the same " little wanton." The refer- ences seem to apply to, at least, two Indian girls. The Pocahontas who married Rolfe was brought to Jamestown as a pris- oner by Captain Argall in April, 1013. In tiie following August there was a very interesting collection of prisoners in Virginia: French Jesuits and officers, Spanish spies, and an Indian princess, 968 POCAHONTAS — POPHAM mainly collected by " that piratical ship called the Treasurer," wliich, six years later, brought the first negroes to Vir- ginia. In the spring of 1616, Sir Thomas Dale sailed to England in the Treasurer, taking with him the Prin- cess Pocahontas and several other In- dians. She was " the lion " of the day; was wined, and dined, and taken to the play. Lord and Lady I)e la Warr introduced her at court. She was en- tertained by the Bishop of London as the first fruit of the English Church among the Virginians. She died at Gravesend in March, 1617, and Smith says that Sir Lewis Stukely took charge of her child, Thomas Rolfe. Other accounts make it appear that the child was left with his uncle, Henry Rolfe. Stukely was the vice-admiral of Devon, before whom the whitewashing re- port of Smith's misadventure was made in December, 1615. In the sum- mer of 1618 he betrayed his cousin. Sir Walter Ralegh. In January, 1619, it was found out that he "had been for many years engaged in the nefari- ous occupation of clipping coin ;" and Gardiner says, " He fled away to hide his shame in the lonely Isle of Lundy, and in less than tw^o years after Ralegh's execution, he died a raving madman, amidst the howling of the Atlantic storms." Poe, Dr. (Leonard), 2. Sub. ; pd. . One of the king's physi- cians ; chosen a fellow of the College of Physicians, July 7, 1609. He at- tended Salisbury in his last illness. Pole — Po-wle. See Powell. Poole (spc Pov^ell), Jonas, mari- ner. He had made several voyages to the northern oceans before coming to Virginia ; went to tlie falls of James River in May, 1607. Purchas says he was paid a certain stipend by Sir Thomas Smytlie and tlie Mus. Co., and that he made annual vo3ages to the North Sea ; that *' he was the first namer of Greenland in the voyage of May, 1610 [the land was really S2iitz- bergen] ; tliat he brought home, on one of his voyages, the home of a sea unicorn, which was good against poi- sons ; and that soon after his return from his voyage of 1612 lie was " mis- erably and basely miirthered betwixt Ratcdiffe and London." Poole (or Pole), Sir "William, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Shute, County Devon. The celebrated an- tiquary ; barrister of the Inner Tem- ple and treasurer of the same; sheriff of Devon, 1602-03; knighted at Whitehall, February 15, 1607 ; died February 9, 1635, aged 74. Popham Pedigree. (Extract.) Al- exander Popham, of Huntworth, Coun- ty Somerset, married Jane, daughter of Sir Edward Stradling, of St. Do- nat's Castle, County Glamorgan, and had issue, with others, two sons, Ed- ward and John (of whom hereafter). The eldest son, Edward Popham, Esq., of Huntworth, married Jane, daughter of Richard Norton, of Ab- bot's Lee, and had, with others, two sons, Alexander and George (of whom hereafter). Popham, Alexander. Eldest son of Edward Popham, Esq. (see pedi- gree) ; married Dulcibella, daughter of John Barley. Pie was buried in the Temple, London. Popham, Sir Francis. Son and lielr of Sir John Popham, Lord Chief Justice. " Lived chiefly at Haindstreet Marksbury, near Bath." Knighted by Essex for gallantry at Cadiz, 1596 ; M. P. for Somerset, 1597-98, and for Wiltshire, 1604-11 ; M. C. for Va., Novenaber 20, 1606 ; joined the South Va. Co. prior to 1619; M. P. for Marl- borough, 1614 ; M. C. for N. E. Co., November 3, 1620 ; M. P. for Bedwin (Bodmin ?) 1621-22; for Chippenham, 1624-25, 1625, and 1626 ; for Mine- head, 1640 till decease. " He was a strong Parliamentarian, and was ex- cepted out of the general pardon by the king." He was first buried at Stoke- New ington, near London, August 15, 1644 ; but it seems his body was re- moved and reburied at Bristol, March 16, 1647. He married Anne (born Feb- ruary 12, 1575), daughter of John Dud- ley, Esq., of Stoke-Newington (he died in 1581, and his widow married Thomas Sutton, founder of the Charterhouse), son of Hon. Thomas Dudley, by his wife Sarah, daughter and co-heir of Lancelot Tliirkeld (was this the same person who aided in sending ves- sels to America in the first of the sixteenth century ?). Sir Francis and Anne Popham were tlie parents of five sons and eight daughters. The eldest son, John, married, June 21, 1621, I POPHAM — POPtY 9G9 Mary, daughter of Sir Sebastian Har- vey. (Harvey died in April before the marriage, and his widow after- wards married Sir Thomas Hiiiton, whose daiighter, by a ft)rmer wife, married tiie celebrated Col. Samuel Matthews, of .James City, Virginia.) Popham, Captain George. Sec- ond son of Edward Popham, Esq. (see pedigree) ; was probably born about l~}~)3-oo; captured from a Span- ish vessel at sea, in 1594, documents concerning Guiana, which were used by Ralegh (see his Life by Edwards, vol. i. p. 176). He was a captain in Robert Dudley's voyage to Guiana, November, 1591, to May, 1595. Gor- ges says, " He was well stricken in years before he went to America [in 1607], and had long been an infirm man." He died February 5, 1608, and was buried, I suppose, near the old fort of St. George. Popham, Sir John. Second son of Alexander Popham, of Huntworth (see pedigree) ; was born at Wellington, Somersetshire, about 1531 ; educated at Baliol College, Oxford ; M. P. for Lyme Regis, 1557-58 ; reader at the Middle Temple, 1568 ; recorder of Bristol ; M. P. for Bristol, 1571, and 1572-83; serjeant at law, January 118, 1578; solicitor-general, June 20, 1579; attorney-general, June 1, 1581; speak- er of Elizabeth's fourth Parliament, 1581-83; chief justice of the Queen's Bench, June 2, 1592, when he was knighted and made a privy councilor; summoned Essex to surrender, and was arrested by Essex, February 8, 1601 ; a witness against Essex on his trial. He presided at the trial of Sir Walter Ralegh in 1603. In 1604 and 1605 there was a " great controversy between the Lord Zouch and the Lord Chief Justice." Carle- ton, writing to Winwood, says, " 'J'here hath a great cause troubled the coun- cil often and long, between the Lord Zouch and the Lord Chief Justice ; the one standing for his privileges of the bench, the other for his Court of Presidency, which do sometimes cross one another. The prerogative finds more friends among the lords, but the judges and attorney plead hard for the law; the king stands indifferent; ad- huc sub jtidice lis est." I believe this quarrel had an effect on our destiny. On the 30th of October, 1605, Sir John Zouche and Capt. (ieorge Way- mouth entered into an agreement for .settling a private plantation in Vir- ginia ; but, per contra, there was a strong movement, with Sir John J^op- ham as leader, against private planta- tions, "which had always failed," and in favor of public plantations, managed by large incorporated companies, and the Po2)ham idea prevailed. He pre- sided at the trials of Guy Fawkes and his associates in 1606. " March 30, 1607, he was commissioned to supply the place of the lord chancellor in Par- liament during his absence." "June 10, 1607, Sir John Popham died sud- denly." June 23, 1607, licensed to Wil- liam Blackwall and William Ferbrand. " A Dyttie of the Commons complaint for the Death of the right honorable Sir eJohn Popham, Lord Chief Justice of England." " His remaius repose mider a magnificent tomb in the church at Wellington, Somerset, surrounded by a palisade of wood and iron." " He acquired the estate of Littlecote, Wilt- shire, and founded the Pophams of that place." He married, about 1560, Amy, daughter and heir cf Robert Games, Esq., of Caselton, County Glamorgan, and had issue by her: — 1. Sir Francis Popham, son and heir ; 2. Penelope Popham, married Thomas Hanham, serjeant at law, and they were the jiarents of Sir John and Thomas Hanham ; 3. Jane Popham, married TJiomas Horner, Esq. ; 4. Eleanor Popham, married Roger Warre, Esq.; 5. Elizabeth Popham, married Sjr Richard Champernon ; 6. JMary Pop- ham, married Sir John Mallet ; 7. Katherine Popham, married Edward Rogers, Esq. Pory, John, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. . Born about 1570 ; entered Gon^'il and Caius College, Cambridge, 970 PORY 1587 ; about 1597 became a disciple of Hakhiyt in " Cosmographie and foreign histories." In IGUO he trans- lated, collected, and published, " A Geographical Historie of Africa, writ- ten in Arabicke and Italian, by John Leo, a More, borne in Granada, and brought up in Barbarie." It is dedi- cated to Sir Robert Cecil. Pory has added a good deal of original matter, which had been collected by him. It contains a good account of Abyssinia, and a map of Africa, tracing the Nile from an inland lake. M. P. for Bridge water, 1605-11 ; Master of Arts at Cambridge, April 19, 1610; licensed to travel for three years, May 21, 1611; carried to France a treatise of the Bishop of Ely and Casaubon's to the Cardinal Perron, in answer of a certain letter of his sent to King James, and a present to De Thou, the French historian, of material for Queen Elizabeth's life, collected b}"- Cotton and written out by Camden, defending Mary Queen of Scots ; vis- iting Turin, with purpose to see those parts in July, 1613 ; became attached to the embassy of Paul Pindar at Constantinople, and when Pindar was recalled in November, 1616, the loss of his place " came ill to pass for poor Master Pory." " It had been long- reported in England," says Carew to Roe, " that he had died in Constanti- nople;" arrived in England in Janu- ary, 1617, bringing letters from Sir Thomas Roe, dated at Asmore, East India, in February, 1616, and sent overland to Aleppo, and then to Con- stantinople, there opened by the am- bassador, and delivered to Mr. Pory, who brought them into England ; at The Hague in September, 1617 ; re- turned to I^ngland in October follow- ing ; employed with others by the Privy Council to bring back Lord Roos from Rome in the winter of 1617—18 ; returned to England in February, 1618, " saying he had only been to Turin, and south parts of France." On November 28, 1618, he wrote to Carleton, " is offered the secretaryship for Virginia by means of Sir George Yardley, the newly elected governor ; but will not accept it without outfit as well as allowance." He did accept ; sailed from P^ngland January 19, 1619, and arrived in Virginia April 19. He was added to the council in Virginia, and on July 30, 1619, he was the first speaker of the first House of Burgesses in America. He remained in Virginia, making voyages of dis- covery, writing letters, and making himself generally useful until about August, 1622, when he sailed from Virginia in the Discovery, Capt. Thomas Jones, via New England, to discover all the harboi-s and the shoals off Cape Cod, and to trade along the coast where they could. July 26, 1623, Chamberlain wrote to Carleton, " Our old acquaintance, Mr. Pory, is in poor case, and in prison at the Terceras, whither he was driven, by contrary winds, from the north coast of Virginia, where he had been upon some discovery, and upon his arrival [at the Azores] was arraigned, and in danger to be hanged for a pirate." He probably reached England soon af- ter. On the 20th of October, 1623, the Privy Council- chose him to carry over and to publish throughout Virginia, the orders of July 4, 1623 (concerning the relief for Virginia), of October 8, 1623 (declaring the king's resolution in re Virginia), and of October 20, 1623 (exj)laining the king's position). On the 24th of October he was ap- pointed on the commission to inquire into the real state of the plantation in Virginia. They arrived in Virginia in Januar}", 1614, and performed their commission. In their report, drawn up in February, 1624, they assert that the general desire of the colony is to be immediately under the government and protection of the king, " only some few, employed by the company, fear, by the change of government, their loss of employment, and so desire to be still under the company." Pory was on the Virginia Commission of July 15, 1624, and was a member in England of the council for Virginia ; but, it seems, never returned to Amer- ica again. He remained in London as a news letter-writer, intelligencer, or reporter, until about 1631, when he retired to his home at Sutton St. Ed- monds, where he died in 1635-36, and in April, 1636, administration on his estate was granted by the Prerogative Court of Canterbury to " Anne Ellis, ■wife of Robert Ellis, and sister of John Pory, late of Sutton St. Ed- GILBERT TALBOT Seventh Earl of Shrevjsbtirv PORY — PRESTON 971 monds, Lincolnshire, bachelor, de- ceased, intestate." Pory, Robert. Pd. £25. Potts, Richard. Clerk of the Coiincil ill \'irgiuia, 1608—09; returned to f]ii(Tliind. Powell, Sergeant - Major An- thony. Killed at St. Augustine, Flor- ida, by Spaniards, August 8, 1580. Powell, Captain Nathaniel. One of the first planters ; left England in December, 1606, and arrived in \'ir- ginia in April, 1607. In the winter of 1608, with Newport, exploring the York River. From July 24 to Sep- tember 7, 1608, with Captain Smith, exploring the Chesapeake Bay. He was probably the author of the " Di- arie of the second voyage in discover- ing the Bay," which was sent to Eng- land by Newport in December, 1608 ; and the sixth chapter of Smith's " His- tory " was probably partially com- piled from this " Diarie," as it bears Powell's signature, and it was prob- ably " Captain Powell's Map " of the, bay and rivers which accompanied " The Relation of the Countries and Nations," said to have been sent to England by Smith in December, 1608. He w.is deputy-governor of Virginia for a short time in 1619, and member of the council there, 1619-22. Him- self and wife were killed by the Indians, March 22, 1622. His wife was a daughter of Master William Tracy, and he was interested in the Tracy- Berkeley -Smith of Nibloy- Thorpe plantation at Berkeley ia Vir- ginia. Powell — Powle — Poole — Pole — Sir Stephen, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £100. Son of Thomas Powle, Esq., one of the six clerks of the chancery, by his wife, Jane Tate, which Thomas died iu 1601, aged 88, and was buried in St. Dunstan's in the West, London, and " liis sou, Stephen Powle, Esq., the only survivor of five sons, suc- ceeded him in the office of one of the six clerks of the chancery." He was knighted at Theobald's, jiily 21, 1604, as of Essex; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609 ; still living in 1619. Powell, William, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Came to Virginia with Gates in 1611 ; was the gunner of James City ; member of the first House of Burgesses, July 30, 1619. Pace first told liim of the plot revealed by C banco for murdering the colonists, March 21, 1622. He was afterwards employed in taking revenge on the Indians, and was probably killed by them on the Chicaiiominy, between January 20 and 24, 1623. Pow^hatan. " Emperor of the In- dians in Virginia ; " died in April, 1618. The father of Pocahontas. Hamor says, " Powhatan's father was driven from the West Indies by the Spaniards." Beverley says, " Opechan- canough was said to have been a prince of a foreign nation and came to Vir- ginia a great way from the south- west, and by their (the Indians) ac- count we suppose him to have come from the Spanish Indians, somewhere near jNIexico, or the mines of St. Barbe." Smith says, " Opechanca- nough was a brother to Powhatan," which Beverley doubts. However, when we consider the above accounts, with the habits of exploring Spaniards (especially those under De Soto) and the superiority of Powhatan and Poca- hontas to the Indians generally, we may enable their descendants to build for their ancestors " castles iu Spain." Poyntell, Richard, fishmonger- Sub. ; pd. £62 lOs. Of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies ; will dated iu January, 16^1 ; a benefactor of the Fishmongers. Pratt, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Came to Virginia iu 1008. Prescott, Jeffrey, merchant-tailor. Pd. £1. Sou of William Prescott, of Copul in the parish of Standi.^h, and of Eccleston, both in County Lancas- ter. Preston, Sir Amias, 2. Sub. ; pd. £100. " Descended of an ancient family, who have a habitation at Cricket, nigh Crewkerne in Somer- setshire ; a valiant soldier and active seaman. He greatly distinguislied himself in the battle with the Spanish Armada in 1588, in wliich action he was dangerously wounded." Made a voyage with Capt. George 972 PRESTON — PRING Somers to the West Indies in 1595 ; knighted by Essex for gallantry at Cadiz in 1596 ; commanded the Defi- ance in the fleet sent to the Azores under Essex in 1597. After the Essex rising, early in IGOl, it seems Sir Walter Ralegh became involved in a quarrel witii Sir Ferdinando Gorges and Sir Amias Preston, and Preston challenged Ralegh for a duel, " but the parties weiv afterwards recon- ciled ; " appointed by James I. " keeper of the naval stores and ordnance in the Tower," May 17, 1G03. M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. He is said to have died early in the reign of King James, but the date of his death is unknown to me. The records of the Va. Co. show that he died before 1619. (Amyas Preston, gent., and Julian Burye, widow, of the city of London, were married at Stepney in May, 1581.) Pretty, George, gent., 2, Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Came to A'^ir- ginia in 1607. (Erancis Pretty was one of the very few Englishmen who went twice around the world in the sixteenth century.) Price, Rev. Daniel. Son of Thomas Price, Vicar of Shrewsbury ; born in 1578 ; M. A. Oxford, and a chaplain to Henry, Prince of Wales, in 1609 ; published several sermons on the death of the 2>rince, also anniversary ser- mons on that event in 1613 and 1614. He was afterwards ch.aplainto Charles, Prince of Wales, and in July, 1621, was imprisoned for a few days for a sermon "wherein he was too busy Avith Rochelle, the Palatinate, and the Span- iard." Dean of Hereford in 1625 ; died in 1631, and was buried in the chancel of the church of Worthy's, near Cans Castle, Shropshire. Price, Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10.S. Pring, Captain Martin. Born in 1580, probaby near Awlisoombe Dev- on. His will, which was recorded in Bristol in 1626, mentions his father, John Pring, as then living, and his sister Margaret. Charles Kingsley, in his " Westward Ho ! " says, " It was to the men of Devon, the Drakes and Hawkins, Gilberts and Ralcighs, Grenvilles and Oxcnhams, and a host more of 'forgotten worthies,' whom we shall learn one day to honor as they deserve, to whom England owes her commerce, her colonies, and her very existence." The naval heroes of Elizabeth's warlike reign, who fought battles, are comparatively well-known. The " forgotten worthies " generally belong to the peaceful reign of James I., who established colonies and com- merce. They were not coniined to Devonshire, although many of them were from tliat county. I hope " we shall now learn to honor them as they deserve." In the voj'age to our New England coast, March 20 to October 2, 1603, Martin Pring was master of the Speedwell, and chief commander in the voyage ; and as he was then regarded (in his 23d year) as "a man very sufficient for the place," he had prob- ably been bred to the sea, and was familiar with the Atlantic Ocean. The map (CLVIII.) will throw some light on this voyage. Pring named Whit- son's Bay, for Master John Whitson, then mayor of Bristol, and one of the chief adventurers in the voyage. He was the founder of the Red Maid's School, Bristol. The bay is now called Cape Cod Bay. " Pring car- ried to England an Indian canoe, and reported the land he had visited to be full of God's good blessings." March 21, 1604, he sailed as master of the Phoenix for Guiana ; arrived at Wiapoco in May, but having some misunderstanding, he left the Phoenix, and returned to England in a ship of Amsterdam. In October, 1606, he was again sent to our northern coast by the North Virginia Company, of which voyage Sir Ferdinando Gorges wrote, " After he [Pring] had made a perfect dis- covery of all those rivers and harbors he was informed of by his instructions (the season of the year i-equiring his return), he brought with hiui the most exact discovery of that coast that ever came to my hand .since ; and, indeed, he was the best able to perform it of any I met withal to this present." And on his report an expedition was at once fitted out to establish an English col- ony on that coast. Where he was in 1608-1.3, I do not know, but probably in the East India service. On the 1st of March, 1614, he sailed to the East Indies as master of the New Year's PRING 973 Gift, and, returning, reached England June 25, Kilt). On the 4th of February, 1C17, he again sailed to the East Indies as gen- eral of the fleet ; arrived at Bantam, July 21, 1G17; took Lord Rich's two roving sliips, near the river of Surat, in September, 1(517; late in 1618, joined his fleet to Sir Tliomas Dale's fleot, the whole being under Dale's chief command, and on the 23d of Decem- ber, 1018, these combined fleets made an attack on the Dutch fleet, off the island of .lava. On the 9th of August, KJli), Dale died at Masulipatam, and Pring succeeded him in command of the English East India fleet. He re- mained in- the waters of the East Indies, Japan, etc., until 1621, when he sailed for England, and arrived in The Downs, September 18, 1621. While his ship, the Royal James, was at the Cape of Good Hope, on the re- turn voyage, her chaplain, the Rev. Patrick Copland (whom Dale had in- terested in Vir.';^inLa. while they were serving together Jr> the East Indies) gathered from the gentlemen and mariners in the said ship the sum of £70 8s. Gd. towards the building of a free school in Virginia. " The highest amoimt is £6 13s. 4d. by Capt. Mar- tin Pring, and so decreasing to Is." This money was paid to Henry, Earl of Southampton, for the Va. Co. at their great and general quarter court, held the 21st of November, 1621; and the court add^d 1,000 acres of land to the said free school, to be at Charles City, and to be called " the East India school." " Towards the furtherance of the East Indie Schoole, an un- knowne person " had already added the sum of £30, and at the Quarter Court held the 30th of January, 1622, a "person, not willing as yet to be knowne," sent £25 in gold " to helpe forward the East Indie Schoole ; " and "the gentlemen and mariners that came lately [early in 1622] home from the East Jndies in the two ships called the Hart and Roe-Bucke, being at the Cape of Bona Speranza [Good 'Hope], homeward bound, gave to- wards the building of the aforesaid Free-Sclioole in Virginia the summe of £66 13s. 4d.," making a total of £192 Is. lOd. = about .S4,S00. " On the 3d of July, 1622, the Quar- ter Court of the Virginia Company thought fltt to make Capt. Marthi Pring a freeman of the Companie, and to give him two shares of land in Virginia in regard of the large con- tribution which the gentlemen and marriners of his ship had given towards good works in Virginia, whereof he was an especiall furtherer." Captain Pring died in 1626, aged 46. His monument still exists in St. Stephen's Churcli, Bristol, England, with the following inscription: " To the Pious Memorie of Martin Pringe, Merchaunt, Sometyme Geneiall to the East Indies, and one of ye Fraternity of the Trinity House. " Tli.^ living worth of this dead man was such, Tliat this fajT Toucli can give you but A Touch Of h.'3 admired guifts ; Theise quarter'd Arts, Eurich'd his knowledge and ye spheare im- parts ; His heart's true embleme where pure thoughts did move, By A meat sacred Influence from above. Prudence and Fortitude ore topp this toombe, Which in brave Fringe tooke up ye chiefest roome ; Hope-Tim^ supporters showe that he did clyme The highest pitch of Hope though not of Tyme. His painefull, skillfull travayles reacht as farre, As from the Artick to th' Antartick starre ; Hee made liimsi Ife A Sliipp. Religion His onely compass, and tlie truth alone His guiding C yno. ure ; Faitli was his sailes, His anchour Hope. A hope that never failes ; His freicchte was C\ aritie, and his retume A fruitfull practice. In this fatal urne His Shipp's fayr Bulck is lodg'd, but ye ritch ladinge Is hous'd in heaven, A haven never fadings. Hie terris multum jactatus et undis. Obit Anno ; Salutis ( iGao. -aEtatis ) 40. " This Monument was Beautified by Mrs. Hannah Oliver, widdow, 1733." Captain Pring's daughter, Alice, married Andrews, son of William Bur- well. The name is frequently spelled Prynn, and I am quite sure that Mr. John Prynn, who patented lands in Virginia in 1623, was of tlie same family, and as it seems certain from the will of Miles Prickett (see " New England Register," Januarv, 1887, p. 62), that "the Worshipful Captain Prvn " himself was absent on a voyage to Virginia in November, 1626, it may be that the patentee was his father, who was still living in 1626. It also seems probable from the date of his death, and of Prickett's will, that he either died on his voyage to Virginia, 974 PRINGHAM — PURCHAS or very soon after his return to Eng- land. Piingham. See Springham. Proctor, Rev. George, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. One of the king's chap- lains ; rector of Holme Spaldiiig- upon-Moor and Barwick-in-Elmett, both in County York. Proctor, Rev. John, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Possibly came to Virginia in 1609. Proude, Captain William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Prusey (see Bre^w^sey), Ambrose, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Pruson. See Spruson. Puckering, Sir Thomas, baronet. Son of Sir John Puckering, an eminent lawyer of the reign of Queen Eliza- beth. He was of the N. W. P. Co., July 26, 1612 ; created a baronet November 25, 1612 ; resided at the Priory, near Warwick ; died March 20, 1636. Puleston, Roger, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Emral in Flint; M. P. Bodmin, 1584-86 and 1586-87; for County of Flint, 15$8-89 ; for County of Denbigh, 15^3, and for Countv of Flint again, 1604-11. He was knighted August 28, 1617. Purchas, Rev. Samuel. Son of George Purchas, of the parish of Thaxted in Essex ; 1 'orn about 1574 ; educated at St. John's College, Cam- bridge. His license to marry, re- corded in the Bishop of London's office, was issued December 2, 1601, and is as follows : " Samuel Purcas, clerk, curate of Purleigh Essex, bach- elor, 27, and Jane Lease, of same, maiden, 26, daughter of Vincent Lease, of Westhall, Co. Suffolk, yeoman, her parents both consent, as attested by her brother, Thomas Lease, Mr. D. Freake, parson of Purleigh, whose household servants the said Samuel Purchas and Jane Lease now are, ar.d the said Jane hath lived with said D. Freake these three years, desires li- cence — at Purleigh aforesaid." (Pur- leigh is of peculiar interest to Amer- icans. The Rev. Lawrence Washing- ton was rector there, 1633-43. See Sir Warham St. Leger.) Rev. Samuel Purchas was vicar of Eastwood in Es- sex, 1604-13. His " Pilgrimage," en- tered for publication at Stationers' Hall, August 7, 1012, issued from the press soon after November 5, 1612. TLe second edition appeared in 1614, in which year he was collated to the rec- tory of St. Martin's, Lndgate, London (where he continued to his death), and appointed chaplain to George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury. The Rev. Ricliard Hakluyt died in November. 1616, and many of his papers coming into the hands of Pur- chas, he used them in compiling a third edition of his "Pilgrimage," "much enlarged with Additions through the whole worke," which was published in 1617. " Purchas his Pilgrim-Mic- rocosmus, or the Historic of Man " was published in 1619. On the 11th of December, 1621, " Purchas his Pil- grimes " was entered at Stationers' Hall for publication. The imprint be- gun in August, 16il. The work is- sued from the press in 1625. May 22, 1622, Purchas was admitted into the Va. Co. of London. May 5, 1623, " The King's Tower and Triumphant Arch of London, written by Samuell Purchas," was licensed to W. Stansby. Purchas died in 16'_6, aged 51 years. His will was written May 31, 1625, and proved October 21, 1626. In this instrument he mentions his " father, George Purchas, of pious memory ; " his brother William and his sons Dan- iel and Samuel ; his brother George and his son John ; his brother Thomas and his son Sauiixel; his brother-in-law, William Perkins, who had married his sister Marj-; his own wife Jane, his own son Samuel, and his own daughter Martha. (An abstract of his will is given in the " New England Hist, and Gen. Register," Julv, 1884, pp. 319-20.) It is said that 'he had also a brother Daniel and a sister, who married William Predimore. There is a difference of opinion as to the qualification of Purchas as an ed- itor of historical matter. Chambers says, " He is excessive full of his own notions, and of mean quibbling and playing upon words. . . . Among his peculiarities is that of interlarding theological reflections and discussions with his narratives." To me it seems that the bent of his mind is shown in his " Pilgrimage." When he edited his " Pilgrimes," his hobby continued to be the traveler's tales of the reli- gions, customs, and privities of foreign PURCHAS — RAINSFORD 975 countries. Many of the narratives from which he compiled still remain, and it seems evident that he constantly omitted important, practical matter, while retaining the most wonderful, and sometimes fabulous, accounts of people, their religions, and privities. He was probably not well informed as to Virginia, as it was against the inter- est of the enterprise that he should be. He evidently had no access to the early records of the company. He did not even know the dates of the arrival of the Spaniards in Virginia (1611), and of Argall's voyage to New England (1613) ; events which agitated the courts of half of Europe at the time. Until Hakluyt's death, ha was obliged to rely on Smitli ; then Hakluyt's pa- pers furnished some other matei'ial down to 161G ; but, unfortunately, be- fore receiving these papers, Purchas had " covered the ground " witii Smith's story, and he did not hesitate to muti- late and to sacrifice Hakluyt's valuable papers to his own previously expressed opinions, as influenced by the said story. After 1616, he had again to rely on Smith's and other publications, as the Virginia records were not accessible to liiin. He acknowledged that Captain Smith was " no reputed favourite or fa- vourer of the Virginia Company and their actions." He joined Smith in ridi- culing the cultivation of tobacco as a staple, and grew eloquent in describing " how rich might Virginia become if the colonists would only turn their atten- tion to ginger and hides." I believe Purchas was at heart a real friend to the Virginian enterprise ; but I am sure that his works display more learning than accurate informa- tion or practical knowledge in the premises ; and I feel certain that the managers of the enterprise understood their business much better than their critics did. " Mr. D. Freake, parson of Pur- leigh, whose household servant " Pur- chas was in 1601, I take to be Mr. Dr. Freake, or Rev. Mr. Freake, D. D., the son, I suppose, of Edmund Freake, Bishop of Worcester ; probably his eldest son, John, archdeacon of Nor- wich and rector of Purleigh, who died in 1601, the year that Purchas removed to F>astwo()d in Essex, as vicar there. Purefoy, Nicholas. Sub. ;pd. £12 10s. This name is given in the Kim- bolton MS. as "Sir Nicli: Pewrifie." Pyott (Piggott, etc.). Richard, grocer, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £25. Of E. I. Co. ; elected alderman of Bridge Without ward. May 3, 1610, and chosen slieriff of London the same year. He died January 19, 1620, and was buried under a very fair monu- ment on the south side of the chancel in the parish church of St. Lawrence, Jewry, London. Quarles, John, draper, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Son of John Quarles, of London, gentleman and draper, who married three wives, and was the father of twenty-three children. He was probably of the same family as Francis Quarles, the poet, who was the father of eighteen children. Quicke, William, grocer and apothecary, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £62 lOs. Served his apprenticeship to " Andrew Juxe ; " admitted a free- man, 1592; mentioned in court minutes, June 22, 1614, as " a Brother of this company [Grocers'] practising in the Arte of misterie of Appothecaries, who refused to take up the Livery of the Grocers to which he had been nomi- nated." He was one of eleven apoth- ecaries interrogated by the court as to their conduct respecting a movement towards founding a distinct corpora^ tionof their own. The movement was carried to a successful issue, and the Apothecaries were incorporated as a separate company ; but Quicke did not live to see that day. He died in Jan- uary, 1615, leaving his adventures in Virginia and the Bermudas to his three daughters. (See his will in "N. E. Hist. Gen. Register," 1884, p. 60.) Quuiga. See Zuhiga. Rainsford, Sir Henry. Pd. £37 10s. Son of Hercules Rainsford, P>sq., of Cliiford, County Gloucester, by Elizabeth, daughter of Robert Parry ; was knighted at Whitehall, Julv 23, 1603 ; M. C. for Va. Co. ; allowed a bill of adventure for three shares in Virginia, June 17, 1618 ; bought three shares from Sir Thomas Gates, May 31, 1620, and two from Francis Carter, April 30, 1621. He married Anne, daughter of Sir Henry Good- 976 RAINTON — RALEGH ere, of Polsworth, County Warwick ; died January 27, 1622, leaving issue. Rainton, Nicholas, haberdasher. Pd. £25. Son of Robert Rainton, of Highinton, Lincolnshire ; elected al- derman of Tower ward, June 22, and chosen sheriff of London, June 25, 1621 ; Lord Mayor of London, 1632-33; knighted at Whitehall, May 5, 1633 ; alderman for Aldgate ward in 1633, and removed to Cornhill ward, April 29, 1634. President of St. Bartholo- mew's Hospital, 1634 to his death in 1646 ; imprisoned, May 7 to 15, 1640. He died August 24, 1646, and was buried in the parish church at Enfield. His portrait was at Forty Hall, in En- field, Middlesex. His granddaughter and heir, Mary Rainton, married Sir John Wolstenholme, the grandson of Sir John Wolstenholme, the younger (who died in 1669), of the Va. Co. Sir Nicholas Rainton, by his will, dated May 2, 1646, left his residence in Lombard Street, and adjoining prop- erty to the Haberdashers' Company for certain charitable purposes, payable annually, namely : to 25 poor of the Company 26s. each = £32 10s. ; Mas- ter and Wardens, 20s. each = £5 ; Clerk, £1 ; Beadle, 10s. ; Porter, 13s. To St. Bartholomew's Hospital, £12 ; the City of Lincoln, £10 ; the Parish of Enfield, £10; the Parishes of Wash- ingborongh and Heighington, Lincoln- shire, £11 8s.; of St. Edmund the King, London, £2 ; and of St. Mary Woolchurch, London, £2. The sur- plus income was given to the Haber- dashers' Company. Ralegh, Sir Carew, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . Elder brother of Sir Walter ; seated at Downton in Wilts ; M. P. for Wilts, 1584-85 and 1586-87 ; for Ludgershall, 1588-89 ; and for Fowey, 1601 ; knighted in 1601 ; M. P. for Downton, 1604-11, 1614, and 1621-22. He married Dor- othy, sister of Thomas Wroughton, and relict of Sir John Thynne of Longleat, and was living in 1623. (His wife's .son. Sir Henry Thynne, first planned a voyage to Guiana, then, in April, 1612, a voyage to Persia, and in 1614, to the E. I. ; and the E. I. Co. was charged with hindering his voyages in Decem- ber, 1614). Ralegh, Sir Walter. Born at Hayes Barton, in Devon, in 1552 ; en- tered Oriel College, at Oxford, about 1568 ; served with the Huguenots in France, 1569-75; under Sir John Nor- ris in the Low Countries, 1576-78 ; interested with his half-brother. Sir Humphrey Gilbert, in his American schemes, 1578; sailed with Gilbert for America in the fall of 1578, in com- mand of the Falcon ; Gilbert was forced to return, but Ralegh deter- mined to make a raid on Spanish ves- sels, had a dangerous sea-fight near the Cape Verde Islands, and returned to Plymouth, May 28, 1579 ; was recruit- ing soldiers for Ireland in July, 1580 ; landed at Dingle, Ireland, in October, 1580 ; took part in suppressing the insurrection in Ireland, and received a grant of 12,000 acres of Desmond s lands, in Cork and Waterf ord ; in favor with Queen Elizabeth, April, 1582 ; furnished a ship, the Ralegh, for Gil- bert's voyage to America in 1583; in- terested in Adrian Gilbert's patent of the North West Passage, February 6, 1584 ; his own letters patent for plant- ing of the New Lands in America, March 25, 1584; aided in sending Am- adas and Barlow to America, April 27, 1584 ; Hakluyt wrote for him " A par- ticular discourse concerning the great necessitie and manifold Comodyties that are like to grow to this Realme of England by the Westerne discov- eries," etc. ; M. P. for Devon, Novem- ber 23, 1584, to September 14, 1585 ; the House of Commons took action on his patent, December 14-18, and the House of Lords, December 19, 1584 ; knighted at Greenwich, January 6, 1585 ; Greenville's voyage, taking the first colony to Roanoke, April 9, 1585 ; warden of the Stannaries, July, 1585 ; ventured vessels in the voyages of the Earl of Cumberland ; M. P. Devon, October 15, 1586, to March 23, 1587 ; letter from Hakluyt at Paris, December 30, 1586, telling him that he had dedicated his " Peter Martyr " to him (Ralegh), and advising him to make his plantation in Chesapeake Bay. His colony had returned from Roanoke with Drake, in July, 1586, his indenture to White and others, January 7, 1587. In this year he re- ceived a grant of Babington's forfeited estates, JVIarch 17 ; White's voyage sailed for Roanoke, May 8 ; Hakluyt's translation of the " Narratives of the RALEGH — RATCLIFFE 977 Huguenots in Florida " dedicated to him, May 1 ; lie published " The voy- age which Antonio de Espeio made iu the yeere lo83, of the dyscoverye of Newe Mexico," in May (probably the first hook published by RaU'gh) ; was captain of the queen's guard and member of the council of war. In 1588 he served against the Armada, and Hariot dedicated his " Briefe and true rej)ort of tiie new found laud of Virginia" to him. In 1589 he trans- ferred his American grants to Thomas Smith and others, reserving to himself the fifth part of all the ore of gold and silver only, March 7 ; his vessels were constantly found on the Atlantic in search of Spanish prizes ; he served iu the Portugal expedition under Drake, and visited Spenser at Kilcolman Castle. Returned to court ; wrote the report of Sir Richard Grenville's sea- fight in 1591 ; was a partner in Sir John Watts' voyage to America, March to October, 1591 ; planned a voyage against Panama, 1592 ; married Eliza- beth Throgmorton, and was imprisoned in the Tower, 1592 ; M. P. for St. Michael's, February 19 to April 10, 1593 ; Whiddon's voyage to Guiana, 1594 ; his own voyage to Guiana, Feb- ruary to August, 1595 ; at the taking of Cadiz, June, 1596 ; jjublished an ac- count of his vo\'age of 1595 to Guiana, in 1590, and sent a voyage there under Keymis. January to June, 1596 ; and another under Berry (or Birnie) De- cember 27, 1596, to June 28, 1597. In 1597 he reappeared at court in May, and sailed on the celebrated voyage to the Azores in August; M. P. for Dorset, October 24, 1597, to February 9, 1598; planning another expedition to Guiana, under Sir John Gilbert, in November, 1598 ; governor and captain of Jersey, etc., August 26, 1600 ; M. P. Cornwall, October 27 to December 19, 1601 ; Mace's voyage and Ralegh's letter to Cecil in regard to Gilbert's voyage, 1602 ; his permission for Priug's voy- age of 1603 ; met King James on his way to London ; committed to the Tower on charge of implication in the Main conspiracy ; was tried and con- victed November 17, 1603 ; Sir John Popham presided at his trial. He re- mained in the Tower until January 30, 1616. Count Searnafissi proposed to Ralegh to divert his expedition from Guiana, and to join the forces of the Great Duke of Savoy in making an at- tack on Genoa. Ralegh was anxious to enter this service, thereby causing a de- lay iu the preparations for the Ameri- can voyage; but in January, 1617, Eng- land refused to aid the duke in his war with Sjjain, and on JNlarch 28 follow- ing llalegh sailed for (iuiana, where he made an attack on the Spaniards. He returned to P^ngland (sailing past our whole coast, t'/a Newfoundland), arriv- ing there in June, 1018 ; was arrested soon after ; beheaded October 29, and buried in St. Margaret's, Westminster. His only surviving son, Carew Ralegh, was admitted into the Va. Co. of Lon- don, April 2, 1623. The story of the second Roanoke colony is the tragedy of American col- onization. Ramirez, Captain Diego. The islands near Cape Horn were named for him. Ramsden, Millicent, widow, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. On the 24th of June, 1019, she transferred her three shares of land in Virginia to Oliver St. John. She was the widow of Samuel Ramsden, of St. Sepulchre, London, brewer, whom she married in 1004. He was her second husband. Her first husband was John Worslcy, brewer. Ratcliffe, Sir John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Son of Sir John Radcliffe, of Ordsall, County Lancaster ; was baptized February 24, 1581 ; knighted in Ireland on " the Sands," Septem- ber 24, 1599 ; heir to his elder broth- er. Sir Alexander Radclyffe, slain in Ireland in 1599 ; M. P. for Tewkes- bury, 1014, Lancashire, 1021-22, 1024- 25, and 16j5, and for Tavistock, 1626. He married Alice, eldest daughter of Sir John Byron of Newstead, and was slain in the Isle of Re, October 29, 1627. His father had five sons, all slain in battle : Alexander and Wil- lianr in Ireland, and Edmond and Thomas in Flanders, all about 1599 ; IMargaret, their sister and favorite maid of honor to Queen Elizabeth, died of grief for the loss of these four brothers, and the fifth brother. Sir John, as we have seen, fell at Rd in 1627. Ratcliffe, Captain John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. I believe him to be 978 RATCLIFFE — RICH the Captain RatcHffe who was taken prisoner Avith Sir Henry Gary and Captain Pigott at Mulbeim in the Low Countries in October, 1605. There is some confusion about his name, and hence it is hard to locate him ; but Smith's alhision to him as " a poor counterfeited imposture " was an unpardonable reflection on a dead man. There was no imposture. He signed his name " John Radclyffe comeuly called," and in the list of in- corporators of the Va. Co. of London his name is recorded as " Captain John Sicklemore alias Ratcliffe." In these biographies I have gen- erally avoided going into the details of the history of the colony in Vir- ginia , but I believe Ratcliffe served his full term of one year in the presi- dency from September 10, 1607, to September 10, 1608. Under the laws then ruling he could legally serve no longer in that jjlace, and was suc- ceeded by Capt. John Smith, "as by course it did belong," the only other councilor, Captain Scrivener, having but recently arrived in Virginia. Rat- cliffe went to England in January, and returned to Virginia in June, 1609, where he was " betrayed and mur- thered " by Powhatan in the winter of 1609-10. It has been unjustly and erroneously stated that Raphe Hamor wrote his epitaph in a few pithy words : " He was not worth remembering but to his dishonor." These words of Hamor were applied to Powhatan's treachery in betraying Ratclift'e, not to Ratcliffe. (The amount of his payment (£50) is not given in the printed account of 1620. He was then long since dead ; but it is given in the Kimbolton MS.) " George Warburton, gent., of St. Dunstan-in-the-West, on February 19, 161|, was licensed to marry Dorothy Ratcliffe of All Hallows Stayning, 33, widow of John Ratcliffe, late of St. Andrew, Halborn, deceased two years ago" [1609-10]. Was this our captain ? Ravenscrofte, William, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . Of Bretton, County Flint ; M. P. for Flintshire, 1586-87, 1597-98, 1601; Old Sarum, 1604-11 and 1614 ; and for Hint Town, 1621-22, 1624-25, 1625, 1626, and 1628-29. Ravis, Thomas, Lord Bishop of Loudon. Born at Maulden in Surrey; educated in Christ Church, Oxford, whereof he was dean ; twice vice- chancellor of Oxford University ; Bish- op of Gloucester ; Bishop of London in 1607, where he died December 14, 1609. Reynolds, Henry, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £87 10s. No- vember 6, 1622, transferred two shares in Virginia to William Vesy. Reynolds (or Reynell), Hum- phrey. Pd. £12 10s. Reighnolds, John, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £12 10s. (Master gunner to Henry, Prince of Wales ?) Reynolds (etc.), Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Reynell, William, merchant-tailor. Pd. 10s. (This name is particularly hard to locate. I find it spelled Reigli- nolds, Reynolds, Reynells, Reynell, Renell, and Revell ; then Raighnolds, Raynolds, etc.). Ribault, Captain Jean. INIas- sacred by Menendez, in Florida, Sep- tember 23, 1565. Rich Pedigree. (Extract.) Rich- ard 1 Rich of the Middle Temple attorney at law, the witness against Sir Thomas More, was created Baron Rich, February 16, and lord chancel- lor of England, October 23, 1547, and died in 1568, leaving, with others, a son and successor, Robert,- second Baron Rich, wlio was the father of several legitimate sous, viz.: of Richard^ (who married Katherine, daughter of Sir Henry Knevitt, and died s.p.,v.p.^, of (1) Robert,^ his successor (of whom hereafter), and of others. The sec- ond baron was also the father of an illegitimate son, Richard ^ Rich, who married a daughter of John Machell, sheriff of London, and was the father of (2) Sir Nathaniel * (hereafter), of (3) Robert * (hereafter), of Margery * who married Sir Thomas Wroth, of Jane * who married Thomas Grims- ditch, a nephew to Secretary Sir John Coke, of another daughter * who mar- ried a Mr. Browne, and another * mar- RICH 971) lied to a Mr. Morgan. (1) Robert,^ third Barou Rich, successor to his father, was created P^arl of Warwick, August G, 1G18. He married, first, Penelope Devereux, sister to the Earl of Essex (Sir Philip Sidney's " Stella ") and had issue by her : (4) i. Robert ^ ; (5) ii. Henry* ; iii. Charles* ; i. Let- tice * (or Lucy) married, first. Sir George Cary, and, secondly, Sir Arthur Lake ; ii. Penelope'' married Sir Ger- vase Clifton, Baronet of Clifton ; iii. Essex* married Sir Thomas Choeke of Pirgo ; and iv. Isabel * married Sir John, son of Sir Thomas Smythe. The third Baron Rich married, secondly, in IGIG, Frances, daughter of Sir Christopher Wray, and widow of Sir George Saint Paule ( she was the patroness of the Rev. Richard Bern- ard), but by her had no issue. Rich, Sir Henry, 3. Sub. ; pd. . (See pedigree, 5.) The sec- ond son of the third Lord Rich ; was baptized at Stratford-Bow, August 19, 1590 ; licensed to travel for three years, November 13, 1G07 ; made a Kniglit of the Bath at the creation of Henry, Prince of Wales, June 4, IGIO. He married, in 1G12, Isabella, daugh- ter of Sir AValter Cope ; M. P. Leices- ter, 1614 ; captain of the king's guard in Xovember, 1G17. On the 2Gth of September, 1G22, his lady and himself transferred their two shares in the Bermudas Islands to Henry Percy and Marie, his wife (the same being the earliest deed of sale recorded in that island), and on November 6 they transferred four shares of their lands in Virginia to the same Henry Percy ; created Baron Kensington, March 8, 1G23 ; employed with the Earl of Carlisle in negotiating the match be- tween Prince Charles of England and Henrietta Maria of France, February to September, 1G24 ; cieated Earl of Holland, September 24, 1G24 ; chosen Knight of the Garter, 1G25 ; governor of the Providence Islands or Bahamas Company from 1G30 to 1639 and prob- ably after ; challenged Lord Weston, 1633. Lord Baltimore's deserted Newfoundland plantation was re- granted to him and others, November 13, 1637. In 1638 Will Claybourne of Virginia discovered an island with- in the limits of the Providence Islands' patent^ which Claybourne proposed to call Rich Island in honor of the Earl of Holland ; opposed Stafford, 1640 ; member of committee sent to Scot- land to watch proceedings of Chai'les I. in the fall of 1640. He became wavering in his politics; was appointed captain-general of the army in the north, April 16, 1641 ; attempted to manage the intercourse between the king and Parliament, 1642 ; deprived of his office of groom of the stole ; again joined the Parliament, 1642 ; attempted to regain favor of the king ; fought on his side at Newbury ; pnb- lislied " A Declaration made to the Kingdome," 1643 ; afterwards in the Parliament interest. In July, 1648, appearetl in arms for the king ; was taken prisoner by the Roundheads at Neots, July 10, and beheaded March 9, 1649. He appeared on the scaffold, dressed in white satin trimmed with sdver, which made Bishop Warbnrton say that he " lived like a knave and died like a fool." He lived in the celebrated Holland House at Kensing- ton, one apartment in which is now said to be tenanted by the solitary ghost of its first lord, who issues forth at midnight from behind a secret door, and walks slowly through the scenes of former triumphs with his head in his hand. His character has been dif- ferently drawn. Rich, Sir Nathaniel. Sub. ; pd. £37 lOs. (See pedigree, 2.) Eld- est son of Richard, illegitimate son of Robert, second Lord Rich ; M. P. for Totness in 1614 ; interested in the Bermudas in 1616 ; knighted at Hatton House, November 8, 1617. March 4, 1619, Mr. Joseph Man as- signed to him three shares in Virginia, and he was soon after added to the King's Council for the Va. Co. ; was on the council for New England, No- vember 3, 1620 ; M. P. for Retford, 1621-22 ; sent to Ireland on the fa- mous commission of March, 1622. He was a leading member of tlie War- wick party in the factions of the Va. Co. of 1622-24, and many drafts of papers, petitions, charges, and replies, drawn by himself in those disputes, are still preserved among tlie Kim- bolton MS., Duke of Manchester re- cords. (I have copies of them.) M. P. for Harwich, 1624-25 ; on the Vir- ginia Commission of July 15, 1624 ; 980 RICH M. P. for Newport (I. W.), 1625 ; and for Harwich, 1626 and 1628-29 ; aided in fitting out a voyage for the discovery of the Bahamas in 16i;9 ; member of the Bahamas Company in 1630 ; deputy governor of that com- pany in 1635. He died in 1636. Mr. Stith inaccurately calls him the broth- er of the second Earl of Warwick. (See Governor Winthrop's letter to him in " Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc," 1st series, xx. pp. 42-45. See also Rich's letter in " N. E. Hist. Gen. Register," January, 1883, p. 60.) Rich, Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. (See pedigree, 3.) Brother of Sir Nathaniel ; wrecked on the Bermudas, 1609 ; came to Virginia, 1610, and returned to England. He bought ten shares in the Bermudas of Mr. Raph Hamor in Southampton Tribe, and afterwards sold three of them : one to Sir Thomas Wroth, one to Sir Thomas Cheeke, and one to Mr. Cough. He was living in the Ber- mudas in 1617, and died there in 1620. "^^^^craj^ Rich, Sir Robert, 3. Sub. ; pd. £75. (See pedigree, 4.) Eldest son of Robert, third Lord Rich ; born in May or June, 1587; made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King James, July 25, 1603 ; married Frances, daughter of Sir William Newport alias Hatton on February 12, 1605 ; licensed to travel for three years, January 9, 1610 ; M. P. Essex, 1614 ; member Bermudas Company, 1615. In 1616 the Count Scarnafissi was sent to England as an ambassador from Charles Emmanuel I., surnamed "The (xreat Duke of Savoy," to nego- tiate for I'nglish aid against Spain in the war then waging between Savoy and that country. Scarnafissi granted sundry commissions for ships, under the protection of which they proposed to make prizes of Spanish vessels. Sir Robert Rich and others, late in 1616, sent two ships with these commissions to rove in tlie East Indies, where they became involved with the English East India fleet, thereby causing a bitter controversy between Rich and that com[iany. In April, 1618, before the news from his East India venture had reached England, Sir Robert Rich and others sent the Treasurer (Capt. Daniel Elfrith) to Virginia with one of these commissions " from the Duke of Savoy to take Spaniards as lawfull prize." Himself and associates had applied for a charter for the sole trade in Guinea and Binney prior to October, 1618, w^hen the news of the trouble incident to this E!ast Indian venture reached England, and stayed the pro- gress of this charter for a time, but it was finally granted November 16, 1618, to Robert Lord Rich, Sir Robert Mansell, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Sir Warwick Heale, Sir Allen Appesley, Sir Richard Hawkins, Sir Henry Nev- ill, Sir William St. John, Sir Thomas Tracy, Sir Richard Bingley, Sir Giles Mompesson, Sir Thomas Button, Sir John Bingley, Oliver St. John, and twenty-two others. His father had been created Earl of Warwick, August 6, 1618, at which time he became fourth Lord Rich. His father died in April, 1619, when he succeeded as the second Earl of Warwick. (Stith confuses the second with the first earl.) In the fall of 1618, the Treasurer went from Vii*- ginia to rove in the West Indies under the Savoy commission, where she took certain negroes from the Spaniards, a part of tliem, in consortship with a man-of-war of Flushing, she brought to Virginia ; the rest she carried to the Earl of Warwick's plantation in the Bermudas. He was added to the King's Council for the Va. Co. in 1619. His controversy with the E. I. Co. and the bad feeling created by the marriage of his sister to Sir Thomas Smythe's son, were influential in caus- ing him to aid the Sandys party in gaining control of the Va. Co. ; this combination afterwards split up among themselves, the Earl of Southampton leading one party and the Earl of Warwick the other. He was inter- ested in the plantation of Lord North HORACE VERE First Baron Vere RICH 981 and others in Guiana in 1619-20 ; member of New England Council, November 3, 1620 ; signed the first Plymouth patent, June 1. 1621 ; active in the factions in the Va. Co., 1622- 24. The African Company had made voyages to Guinea and the river (iam- bia in 1618, 1619, and 1620, and after. Sir Edwin Sandys fought against W'ar- wick in this matter, also, and on May 24, 1624, Nethersole wrote to Carleton that " this African Company was con- demned as a grievance." He was on the council in England for Virginia after the dissolution of the Va. Co. of London in 1624, and was governor of the Bermudas Com- pany most of the time between 1627 and 1654. In 1629 he was one of the chief undertakers in the first voy- age of discovery to the Bahamas ; signed the patent for the Old Colony of Plymouth, January 13, and the Lincoln Grant, March 13, 1630, at which time he was president of the New England Council, and so contin- ued until 1632. He was an incorpora- tor of the Bahamas Companv, Decem- ber 4, 1630. In 1630 the Plymouth Council granted him the land extend- ing from Narragansett River for the space of forty leagues towards the southwest (120 miles — to 40'" N. L. ?) and within that breadth from the At- lantic to the South Sea, and March 19, 1632, he made over this grant to his son, Robert Rich, the Hon. Charles Fiennes, Sir Nathaniel Rich, Sir Rich- ard Saltonstall, Richard Knightley, Esq., John Pynim, Esq., John Hamp- den, Esq., John Humphreys, Esq., and Herbert Pelhem, Esq., their heirs and assigns, etc., only reserving to himself a fifth part of the gold and silver ore. He retained his interest in tlie Ber- mudas and the Bahamas, and contin- ued to supply his plantations with negroes. Warwick River, one of the first shires in Virginia, was named for him in 1634. " The World Encomj)assed by Sir Francis Drake " was dedicated to him by Sir Francis Drake the Younger in 1635 ; proposed to go to the West Indies in 1636 ; power granted him to equip ships of war for service in the West Indies, February 7, 1638. In May, 1640, tlie Earl of Warwick, John Pym, John Hampden, and other ParUament men had all their papers taken from tliem. July 8, 1640, the Spanish ambassador com- plained of breaches of tiie peace by Warwick and others in the West Indies under pretense of letters of marque. Lieutenant of tlie Heet un- der the Earl of Northumberland, 1642. The Lords and Commons in Parlia- ment assembled made him governor in chief and lord liigli admiral of all those islands and plantations, belong- ing to any of his majesty's subjects, within the bounds and upon the coasts of America, November 2, 1643. In tliis year Warwick River, Va., took its present name of Warwick County. In 1643, 1644, etc., himself and as- sociates made sundry grants of lands in New England ; liberty of con- science granted in the Bermudas, 1645; deprived of his office of lord high admiral in April, 1645. In May, 1648, he was made lord high admiral by Parliament. From August 29 to De- cember 25, 1648, his expedition with the Parliament's navy for reducing the revolted ships, commanded by his Highness Charles, Prince of AVales. His commission as lord high admiral revoked by the Parliament, February 21, 1649. (They beheaded his brother Henry, March 9 following.) When Crom»vell disbanded Parlia- ment, he betook liimself to the pro- tection of the protector, and Lodge says, " left his estate more improved and repaired than any nnin who traf- ficked in that desperate commodity of rebellion." In 1657 the Rev. Samuel Purchas (the son of the autlior of the "Pilgrimes") dedicated to him "A Theatre of Politicall Flying-In- sects," etc. Heath, in his chronicle, says. "The old Earl of Warwick (presently after the espousals of his grandson, with Frances, the youngest daughter of the Protector) died April IS, 1658. ' The Earl of Warwick's first wife died in August, 1634 ; he married, secondly, Susanna (daughter of Sir Henry Rowe the Elder, and sister of Sir Henry Rowe the Younger, of Siiakelwell in Middlesex), relict of Alderman William Halliday, she died January 21, 164.5, and the earl mar- ried, thirdly, March 30, 1646, Eleanor, 982 RICH Countess of Susses, daughter of Sir Richard Wortley, and relict succes- sively of Sir Henry Lee and of the Earl of Sussex. Her grandchild, by her first husband, married Anne, daughter of Sir John Danvers the regicide. After the death of War- wick his widow married, fourthly, Edward Montague, second Earl of Manchester. She died, and was buried at Kimboltou on the 31st of January, 166?. Mr. Stith says (History, p. 187) that the Warwick faction was composed of only twenty-six persons, when it was strongest. The following is a list of " the Names of Adventurers that dis- like ye present proceedings of busi- ness in ye Virginia and Souiers Islands Companyes." Compiled in April, 1623 (Kimbolton MS. No. 327) : — " The Earle of Warwick. Sir Nathaniel Rich. Sir Henry Mildmay. Sir Humphrey Hansford. Sir Samuel Argall. Sir Thomas Wroth. Sir Robert Mansfield. Sir Thomas Smith. Sir Thomas Button. Sir John Culpeper. Sir Thomas Cheeke. Sir Thomas He wit. Sir Philip Cai'v. Sir Ferdinando Gorge. Sir Joiin Worstenholme. Mr. Alderman Johnson. Mr. Doctor Medust. Mr. Morris Abot. Mr. Robert Bateman. Mr. William Gibs. Mr. Nicholas Leate. Mr. Wiseman. Mr. Harris and Mr. Harris. Mr. Goughe. Mr. Binge. Mr. Maye. Mr. Covell. Mr. Gore. Mr. Wilkinson. Mr. Barnard. Mr. Moore. Mr. Man (or Mun). Mr. Lukin. Mr. Abraham Chamberlin. Mr. West. Mr. Paulston. Mr. Roberts. Mr. Mould (or Mole). Mr. Penniston. Mr. George Tucker. Capt. Daniel Tucker. Mr. Darrell. Mr. Butler and his brother. Mr. Lewellin. Mr. Bell. Mr. Stiles. Mr. William Palmer. Mr. Edwards. Mr. Moorer. Mr. Dike. Mr. George Smith, grocer. Mr. Robert Smith, uuderchamberlin. Mr. Canninge. Mr. Humphrey Slany. Mr. Thaier [Thayer]. Mr. Edward Beunit. Mr. Phesant. Mr. Wrote. Mr. Stewart. Mr. John Wrothe. Mr. Palavicine. Mr. Christopher Barron. Mr. Jouson. Mr. Tieknor. Mr. Edward Palmer. Mr. Baynham (or Barham ?) Mr. Willmore. Mr. Jadwin. Mr. Newell (or Nevcll). Mr. Rogers, junior. Mr. John Woodall. Mr. Stephen Sparrow. Mr. Man, junior (or Mun). Mr. Roberts, junior. Mr. John West. Mr. Pearce. Mr. Cason. Mr. Robins. Mr. Wale. Mr. Hawes. Mr. Townseud. Mr. Essington. Mr. Ditchfield." There are eighty-five names in the list. The Christian names of many are not given ; but they can generally be identified. Some of them joined the company after the time of which I write ; but enough of them will be found in these biographies to enable RICH— ROBINSON 983 the reader to form a just idea of the Warwick party. Mr. Stith says, " On the other hand appeared the vvliole body of Adven- turers, to the full amount of a thou- sand persons in all." This is not cor- rect ; it is a natural consequence of following the evidence for one side only. In fact, there were not over three hundred men then taking an active part in the affairs of the com- pany, and not more than one hundred of these were old members. I have given this statement as an act of jus- tice to the Warwick party ; but I can- not here attempt to discuss the vari- ous reasons which caused the old members to cease their attendance on the Virginia courts, or the motives which are said to have influenced the Sandys party in admitting so many new members. See also CCCLXIV., and I have other lists of the same character giving many additional names. Richmond, Earl and Duke of. — Ludovic Stuart. Ridge way (Ridgwine, etc.). Sir Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Of Tor Abbey, Devonshire ; in the voyage to the Azores, 1597 ; sheriff of Devon and knighted in IGOO ; M. P. for Devon, 1004-07 ; vice-treas- urer and treasurer at wars, and treas- urer of Ireland at various times for sundry years ; was a large undertaker in the first Protestant colony in Ire- land. (In 1G09 he brought over the beautiful surveys and maps of the escheated lands in Ulster, wliich lay hidden from that time until 18G0.) He was created a baronet, November 25, 1612 ; Baron Gallen-Ridgeway, May 25, 161G, and Earl of London- derry in Ireland, August 23, 1G22. Ridlesdon, Sir Steven, 2. Sub. ; pd. £56. Of York ; knighted at Chatham, July 4, 1604 ; one of the officers of the navy, being clerk of the ordnance. Rivers, Captain John. Son of Sir John Rivers by his wife, J^lizabeth Barnes. (See Sir George Barnes the elder.) His sister, Anne Rivers, mar- ried Sir ^latthew Carew, and became the mother of Thomas Carew, the poet. Roberts, Elias, merchant-tailor, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Of E. I. Co.; January 15, 1617, sent one man to Virginia, under Capt. Raphe Hamor. In 1618, himself and his son Elias, Jr., owned four shares in the Bernuulas; May 22, 1622, he gave his son 100 acres in Virginia. Will dated January, 1624, proved February 20, 1626. (See "N. E. Register," Octo- ber, 1888, p. 306.) Roberts, George. Sub. £37 10s. (See George Robins.) Roberts, Tedder, Tudor, or Theo- dore, 2. Sub. ;pd. £37 10s. Of E. I. Co. Robins, George, vintner, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £02 10s. Also of E. I. and N. W. P. companies. He was at Brest in 1615, and I sup- pose was the Mr. George Robins who was buried in the parish of St. Mary Woolchurch Haw, London, on August 27, 1646. Robins, Richard. Pd. £12 10s. Of Longbuckbye in Northampton County, England. His brothers, Obe- dience and Edward, settled in North- ampton County, Virginia. Robinson, Arthur, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of St. Peter, Cornhill, Lon- don, mercer; brother to Robert; was a member of the E. I. Co. in 1609 and N. W. P. Co. in 1612. He mar- ried, in 1603, Elizabeth, daughter of William Walthall. Robinson, Henry, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £87 10s. Of St. Mi- chael Basishaw, London; born in 1587; son of Henry Robinson, Sr., by his wife Alice, daughter of Thomas Wilkes; married, in 1611, Mary, the daughter of Sir William Glover, knight and alderman of London ; an incorporator of, and a director in, the E. I. Co.; afterwards knighted; buried at Isling- ton, December 21, 1637, in the vault with his mother. His mother was thrice married : first to Henry Robin- son, Sr. ; secondly to William Elkin, alderman of London, and thirdly to Thomas Owen, one of the justices of the Common Pleas. Mrs. Alice Owen died in 1613 ; she founded the alms- house for ten widows, and the free- school for 30 boys, at Islington. Robinson, Jehu (or John), gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. . He was killed by the Indians in Virginia, De- cember, 1609. Robinson John, gent., 3. Sub. 984 ROBINSON — ROE £37 10s.; pd. £75. Probably son of John and Martha Robinson (whom see). Robinson, John, merchant-tailor. Pd. ()s. Married, in 1597, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Rogers. Robinson, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Chief searcher of customs ; was buried at St. Olave's, London, De- cember 13, 1G09. His widow, Mary, deserves especial mention. She was the daughter of William Ramsey, of London, grocer ; her first husband, John Wanton, of London, gent., a searcher of the customs, died in Au- gust, 1592, and she married, secondly, I'ebruary 26, 1593, John Robinson, aforesaid. Mrs. Mary Robinson was buried with her two husbands at St. Olave's, Hart Street, London, Octo- ber 13, 1618. The following is an ex- tract from her will : " I give and be- queth towardes the helpe of the poore people in Virginia, towardes the build- inge of a churche, and reducing them to the knowledge of God's worde, the some of two hundred poundes to be bestowed at the discreacon of my cozen. Sir John Wolstenholme, knight, with the advise and consulte of four others of the chiefest of the Virginia Company, within two yeares uexte after my decease." She was a niece of Sir Thomas Ramsey, Lord Mayor of London, who with his wife (Mary, daughter of Wil- liam Dale, merchant of Bristol) were the great benefactors of the Grocers' Company, of Christ's Hospital, Lon- don, and of Queen Elizabeth's Hospi- tal, Bristol. In the summer of 1G19 "a person unknowne " gave for Mistris Mary Robinson's church in Virginia a com- mimion-cup, which precious relic, in- scribed " The Communion Cupp for St. Mary's Church in Smith's Hun- dred in Virginia," is still preserved in the Old Dominion. Mrs. Mary was John Robinson's second wife ; she bore him no child. Martha Cruxtoue was his first wife and the mother of his children. Their daughter Jane married Thomas Smythe, of London (whose daugliter, Martha Smytlie, married Archdale, son of W^illiam Palmer). Another daughter, Susanna Robinson, married William ,Iordan, of Surrey. The sons of John Robinson were William, Henry, John, and Robert. I believe his son John to be the John, gent., of the Va. Co. He was born about 1578; lived atGravesend; married, in April, 1612, Bridget, daughter of Robert Jen- kinson, of Loudon ; died January 18, 167 1 , aged 96, and was buried in Gravesend church. Robinson, Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Brother to Arthur; also of E. I. and N. W. P. companies. (I be- lieve that I have identified these Rob- insons correctly ; but so many men of affairs bore the name, at the time, that I cannot always be certain.) Rochester, Earl of. — Robert Carr. Roe — Rowe, Henry, mercer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Second son of Sir Thomas Rowe, lord mayor in 1568. He was born in 1544; apprenticed to Matthew Field, mercer ; admitted to freedom in Mercers' Companj^, 1571; warden of the company, 1591 ; sheriff of London, 1597, and lord mayor in 1608; died in 1612 and was buried at Hackney, December 22. His brother, William Roe, Esq. (whose widow married Sir Reginald, the brother of Sir Samuel Argall). is described as a very learned man, who, when in Germany, lived upon terms of intimacy with Immanuel Tremellius and Theodore Beza. Roe, Sir Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £60. Son of Robert Roe (son of Sir Thomas Roe, Lord Mayor of Lon- don in 1568), esquire of the body to Queen Elizabeth, by his wife Eliza- beth, daughter of Robert Jermy, of Antingliam; born about 1580, at Low Leyton in Essex ; entered Magdalen College, Oxford, in 1593; knighted at Greenwich, March 23, 1605 ; M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607; M. C. f or Va. Co., May 23, 1609. "This worthy young knight and right valiant Gen- tleman in 1609-10, at his and his friends charge, builded a shippe, and a pinace for the discovery of Guyana, hee set sayle from Plimmouth, Febru- ary 24, (1610), and in the end of Aprill (1610) fell with the great river of the Amazons." He spent 13 months in dis- covering the Amazon, the Wyapoco, and the Orinoco rivers and adjacent regions, and returning " arrived at the Wight, in July, 1611 ; " between which date and 1615, " he sent twice thither ROE 985 to make farther discoveries and to maintayne twenty men in the River of Amazones, for tlie good of his countrey, who are yet (1G15) remayning there and supplied." (Henry, Prince of Wales, was interested in this enter- prise.) M. P. for Taniworth in 1614. On September 7, 1014, bir Thomas Smith, the governor, proposed to the E. I. Co. that " they should employ Sir Thomas Roe at Agra, he being a gen- tleman of. pregnant understanding, well spoken, learned, industrious, of a comely personage and one of whom there are great hopes that he may work much good for the company." Soon after this. King James I., at the E. I. Co.'s request and expense, appointed Sir Thomas Roe his ambassador to the Great Mogul, Shah Jehan.^ This was the first royal embassy from England to that remote country. He sailed from Gravesend January 24, 1615, and lauded at Surat in Septem- ber, 1615; resided at the court of the Great Mogul till 1618, whence he proceeded to that of Shah Abbas in Persia ; left the East Indies early in 1619, and arrived at Plymouth, Eng- land, late in August, 1619. He wrote an account of his embassy, and made a map of the Great Mogul's empire. Bourne, in his " Famous London Mer- chants," says, " Sir Thomas Roe did much good work. He formed an alli- ance with the great Mohammedan Emperor of the East, one of the race of mighty potentates who ruled all the north of India, and the vast districts on the other side of the Himalayas, and thus surely laid the foundations of that intercourse between England and India which was to end, after two centuries of trading and fighting, in India becoming the property of Eng- land. For all this, not a little of the praise belongs to Sir Thomas Smythe." His sister Mary married Richard Berkeley (whom see), and he was in- terested in the plantation of Berkeley on James River (see John Smith, of Nibley). On May 17, 1620, James I. recommended him to the Va. Co. as a proper person for governor of that company. July 6, 1620, " Sir Thomas Roe and his partners " procured a pat- 1 The Emperor J^hanghir, tlie Selim of Moore's poem, who built the mausoleum Taj Mahnl at Apra to his favorite wife, Nourmalinl, the Light of the Harem of Moore's Lalla Jiookh. ent for the monopoly of the tobacco trade of England. July 7, 1620, Sir John Davers and Sir Thomas Roe were appointed by the South Virginia Company to draw up a letter to the king, asking him to preserve the fish- ing at Cape Cod free to both Virginia companies. November 3, 1620, Roe is one of the first council and incor- porators of the N. E. Co. November 4, 16l0, he was desired by the Va. Co. to presi'ut their petition, regarding the Cape Cod fisheries, to his majesty, and on November 13 Roe presented a favorable reply to this petition from his majesty. M. P. for Cirencester, 1621-1:2. From 1622 to 1628, Sir Thomas Roe was the ambassador from England to the court of the Sublime Porte at Con^tantinople. While there, in 161:3, he concluded a truce for the English merchants with the pirates of Algiers and Tunis, and, " by his prudence and sagacity, suc- ceeded in obtaining the most valuable results, not only for the extension of trade, but even for the Christian re- ligion itself." In 1629 he was sent as " ambassador to the King of Poland, and other princes and states in the eastern parts ; " and June 11 in that year he was commissioned by the King of England to negotiate a peace between the kings of Poland and Sweden. (On his way he treated with the King of Denmark, as also on his return.) Gustavus Adolphus the Great, King of Sweden, concluded a truce of six years with Sigisnnmd, King of Poland, September 15, 1629. " As usual Roe obtained great advantages to English trade and commerce through his negotiations on this em- bassy. He also took advantage of this occasion to endeavor the reconcilia- tion of the Lutherans and Calvinists, and to unite them all in conformity with the Church of England." He continued to try for many years to make a peace between the Lutiieran and Calvinist, and many letters of his on this subject to Arcld)ishop Laud and others are still preserved. Sir Thomas Roe was brother-in-law to John Tomlinson (the mayor of Bris- tol in 1630), and aided both Cai)t. Thomas James and Luke Fox in their preparations for tlieir voyages to the Northwest in 1630 and 1631. In June, 986 ROE— ROLFE 1631, lie was one of the special com- mission for the better plantation of Virginia. In 1637 he was interested in a proposition for an f^nglish \N est India Company. lie says "there was no more advantageous way for making war upon the King of Spain than in the West Indies." " May 5, 1638. Commission to Sir Thomas Roe, Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, to treat with the French King, the Queen of Sweden and the States of Belgium, for general peace, and the restoration of the King of England's nephews." ' ' January 30, 1639. Power for Sir Thomas Roe, Chancellor of the Order of the Garter, to conclude a treaty with Christian IV., King of Den- mark." M. P. for Oxford University from 1640 to his death. In 1640 he made a celebrated speech in Parliament, which was printed in 1641, " Wherein He sheweth the cause of the decay of Coyne and Trade in this Land, espe- cially of Merchants Trade. And also propounded a way to the House, how they may be increased." " In 1641 he was sent ambassador to the Em- peror and the Princes of Germany to be present at the Diet of Ratisbon, and there to mediate on behalf of the Prince Elector Palatine. The Em- peror was so pleased with his conduct and his great abilities that he several times said in public : ' I have met with many gallant persons of many nations, but I scarce ever met with an ambassador till now.' " " On his re- tui'n from Germany he was made a privy councilor, but lived not long to enjoy the honor. He died Novem- ber 6, 1644, and was buried (Novem- ber 8) in the chancel of the Wood- ford church. He was lord of the manor of Woodford." " During his embassy at Constan- tinople he collected many valuable Greek and Oriental manuscripts, which he presented to the Bodleian Library, to which he left his valuable collec- tion of coins. The fine Alexandrian MS. of the Greek Bible, which Cyrill, the Patriarch of Constantinople pre- sented to Charles I., was procured by his means." Tlio historian Carte, speaking of his letters and papers, says, " I have read them with great pleasure, and cannot sufficiently adn)ire his rare abilities, judgment, and integrity, his extraordinary sagacity in discovering the views and designs of those with whom he treated, and his admirable dexterity in guarding against their measures and bringing them over to his purpose. Wise, experienced, pene- trating and knowing, he was never to be surprised or deceived, and though no minister ever had greater difficul- ties to struggle with, or was employed by a court that had less power to sup- port him, yet he supported all his em- ployments with dignitj', and came out of them with reputation and honor. In all the honest arts of negotiation he had few equals (I dare say), no superiors. His letters and papers are a ti'easure that ought to be communi- cated to the world." Rogers, Edvrard, esquire. Of Canningtoii, County Somerset ; M. P. for Minehead, 1584-85 ; married Katherine, daughter of Sir John Pop- ham, chief justice of England ; M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607 ; also a member of the South Va. Co. He died in 16-i7. Rogers, Richard, gent., 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £75. Comptroller of the king's mint ; N. W. P. Co., 1612. He was living at the Visitation in 1633, aged 84 years, but died soon after. A benefactor of Edmonton. Rolfe, Henry. Pd. £12 10s. Son of John Rolfe and his wife, Dorothea Mason, of Heacham Hall in Norfolk, England, and brother of John Rolfe of Virginia. He " brought up the child his said brother had by Pow- hatan's daughter." I believe this Henry Rolfe to be the father of Francis Rolfe, who was town clerk of Lynn in 1622, and was buried in the chapel of St. Nicholas in that town in 1678. Rolfe, John. Eustacius Rolfe was married to Joanna Jener in the parish church at Heacham in Norfolk, Eng- land, May 27, 1560. Their son, John ROLFE — ROSCARROCKE 987 Ilolfe, was baptized there, October 17, 15(32. He married there, September 1I4, 1582, Dorothea Masou, and their twin sons, Eustacius and Jolm, were baptized there. May G, 1585. Eusta- cius soon died ; his twin brother, John Rolfe, married in England, possibly in 1608, and sailed for Virginia in June, 1609 ; was wrecked on the Bermudas, and while there a daughter was born to him; she was christened by the Rev. Mr. Bucke, February 11, 1610, Cap- tain Newport, William iStrachey, and Mrs. Horton being sponsors ; the child soon died. The parents reached Vir- ginia in May, 1610, where the mother died. In 1612 John Rolfe was the first Englishman to introduce the cul- tivation of tobacco in Virginia. He was married about the .5th of April, 1614, in the church at Jamestown, to Pocahontas, the daughter of Powhatan. I suppose he was certainly married by Mr. Buck, the minister at Jamestown, and not by Mr. Whitaker, who was the minister at Henrico. He was in England with his Indian bride in 1616- 17, and while there, he sent a descrip- tion of Virginia to King James and to Sir Robert Rich. His wife died in England, March 21, 1617, and he re- turned to Virginia ; a member of the council in Virginia in 1619 ; married, thirdly, Jane, daughter of William Pierce ; died in Virginia in 1622, leav- ing a widow and children. His will, dated March 10, 1621, was witnessed by his old friend and pastor, the Rev. Richard Buck, and others. (An ab- stract of his will is given in the " New England Historical and (ienealogical Register," ,lanuary, 1881, p. 68.) His widow afterwards married Capt. Roger Smith, and his daughter Eliza- beth (aged four years, born in Vir- ginia), was living with Capt. Roger Smith at James City, January 24, 1625. Thomas Rolfe, the child of Pocahon- tas, was then in England. In January, 1625, Rolfe's father-in- law, Capt. William Pierce, owned An- gelo, a negro woman, one of the first negroes brought to Virginia in the Earl of Warwick's ship, the Treas- urer, in August, 1610. Romney, Sir Williain, haber- dasher, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £170. Son of William Romney of Tedbury in Gloucestershire ; was a leading mer- chant of London, a member of the Haberdashers' Company, a Merchant Adventurer, and sometime governor of the Merchants Adventurers. Sep- tember 22, 1599, he ventured £200 in the intended voyage to the East Indies; September 24, appointed one of the treasurers for that voyage ; October 30, selected for one of the first direc- tors of the proposed E. I. Co.; Decem- ber 31, 1600, an incorporator and one of the first directors of the E. I. Co. ; January 9, 1601, chosen deputy-gov- ernor of that company ; November 5, 1601, urged the E. I. Co. to send an expedition to discover the Northwest l)assage, either in conjunction with the Mus. Co. or, if ])ossible, alone; Decem- ber 22, 1601, the Mus. Co. consented to join in the enterprise of which Rom- ney wfis to be treasurer ; elected al- derman of Portsoken ward, London, December 18, 1602 ; elected one of the sheriffs of London, KiOo; knighted at Whitehall, July 26, 1603. In 1606 he was governor of the E. I. Co. ; M. C. for Va., November 20, 1606 ; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609 ; one of those who sent out Henry Hudson for the Northwest in April, 1610. His will was dated April 18. Died April 25, and was placed in his sepulchre. May 24, 1611. He gave liberally to the hospitals ; to forty poor scholars in Cambridge he gave tiie sum of £20; to the Haberdashers' Company he gave £50 to be lent to a young free- man gratis for two j'ears, etc. He married Rebecca, only heir of Robert Taylor, late alderman of Lon- don, and had issue by her six sons and two daughters. (Col. Joseph Ball, who afterwards came to Virginia, married, in England, Miss I>lizabeth Romney, probably a granddaughter of the above, and from them descended the Travers, Daniels, Conways, etc., of Virginia. ''The mother of Washington" was Col. Jo- sepli Ball's daughter bv a second mar- riage.) Roscarrocke (or Rosco-we), Wil- liam, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. 98S ROSIER — RUSSELL Rosier, James. On the Gosiiold voyage to our New England coast, March to July, 1602, and on the Wey- mouth voyage of March to July, 1605, of which latter voyage he published " A True Reporte " in 1605. Rotheram, Edward, draper. Pd. £25. He was elected alderman of Bread Street ward, December 3, 1611 ; chosen sheriff, June 24, 1612. Buried at St. Mary's Aldermar\', No- vember 2, 1620. Roydon, Captain Marmaduke. This was evidently Capt. Marmaduke Rawdon, son of Ralph Rawdon, of Brandsby in Yorkshire ; baptized there, ISIarch 20, 158 1 ; went to Lon- don at the age of sixteen ; apprenticed to Daniel Hall, a merchant, who sent him as his factor to Boi-deanx ; re- turned to London about 1610; elected a common councilman ; free of the company of Clothworkers ; captain of the city militia ; treasurer for the French merchants ; rigged out a ship for the discovery of the Northwest passage ; one of the first that planted in Barbadoes, where he buried above £10,000; a great adventurer to Spain, France, the Canary Isles, and Turkey, to the West Indies, and several other parts of the world, etc. ; M. P. for Alborough, 1628-29; defended Basing- housein 1643 ; knighted December 28, 1643 ; died April 18, 1646. In 1611, when he married Elizabeth, daughter (of Thomas Thorowgood, of Hodsden, Herts, gent., he was a clothworker of AUhallows Barking, London. Runmey. See Romney. Russell, HdviTSLTd, Earl of Bed- ford, 3. Sub. ; pd. £120. On the death of his grandfather Francis, second Earl (the godfather to Sir Francis Drake), on the 28th of July, 1585, he succeeded as third earl. He married Lucy Harrington at Stepney on the 12th of December, 1594 ; as- signed to Sir Edward Harwood four shares in Virginia on the 9th of De- cember, 1018 ; died May 1, 1627, without issue. Russell, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Came to Virginia in 1608. Russell - Clifford, Margaret, Countess of Cunii)erland, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Youngest daughter of Francis, second Earl of Bedford. She married, June 24, 1577, the cele- brated George Clifford, seventeenth Baron Clifford, and third Earl of Cumberland. He died in 1605, and she died in May, 1616, leaving an only daughter, Anne, sole heir to the bar- onies of Clifford, Westmoreland, and Vesey. She married, first, Richard Sackville, Earl of Dorset, and sec- ondly, Philip Herbert, Earl of Pem- broke and JMontgomery, and became Countess of Dorset, Pembroke, and Montgomery. Russell, Dr. Walter. Came to Virginia in 1607. Died prior to Sep- tember, 1609. Russell, "William, gent. Came to Virginia in September,' 1608. Russell, William, merchant, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £50. Son of Wil- liam Russell, Esq., of Surrey ; was " sometime agent for the Dutch ;" was a member of the Rns. or Mus. Co., and Avas with Sir ThOmas Smythe in Russia in April, 1605. In 1606 he sent the Godspeed and the Discovery to Cherry Island, and these vessels, after their return, went to Virginia with the first expedition sent by the first Colony of Virginia ; a member of the E. I. Co. ; aided in sending Henry Hudson to the Northwest in 1610, and was an incor- porator and one of the first directors of the N. W. p. Co., chartered July 26, 1612; knighted at Theobald's, April 29, 1618. May 5, 1618, Chamberlain wrote to Carleton, "Sir William Russell, the Muscovy Merchant has bought the Treasurership of the Navy from Sir Robert Mansell, who is to be Vice- Admiral." " May 10, 1618. Grant to Sir William Russell of the Treasurer- ship of ]\Iarine Causes for life." James I. suggested him as a suitable person for treasurer of the Va. Co., May 22, 1622. He continued treasurer of the navy tuider James I. and Chai'les I. ; the latter king made him a commissioner of the navj"^ also, and created him a baronet, January 19, 16i^9. One of the commissioners " concerning tobacco," June 10, 1634 ; living, April 2, 1637, SACKVILLE — SAINT JOHN 989 when lie wrote a letter to the atlmi- nilty cuucerning Governor Harvey of Yiigiuia. Tlie date of his death is not known to me. Two of his grandchil- dren married members of Lord Pro- tector Cromwell's family. Sackville, Edward, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Born in 1590; educated at Christ CInirch, Oxford, 1605-09 ; killed Lord Bruce in the celebrated duel, September, 1G1I5 ; made a Knig-ht of the Bath at the creation of Charles, Prince of Wales, November 3, 1616 ; commands troops sent to the Elector Palatine, and fouglit at Prague in 1620 ; M. P. for Sussex, 1621-2'2 ; sent on an embassy to France in 1621 ; member of the Privy Coun- cil ; member of the Southampton party in the factions of the Va. Co , 1622-24 ; governor of the B. I. Co. in 1623. When his brother Richard, third Earl of Dorset, died (ALarch 28, 1624) he was at Florence in Italy, from whence he returned through France, the latter end of May, 1624, and succeeded his brother as fourth Earl of Dorset. He was on the com- mission for the better plantation of Virginia, June 27, 1G31, and on the commission for plantations of April, 1634. His party were constantly striving to reestablish the Va. Co. of London, making special appeals to King Charles for that purpose in 1625, 1631, 1638, and 1642 (see George Sandys) ; but they were as constantly met by petitions of the planters against it. The Earl of Doi-set was a dis- tinguished cavalier. He died at With- iam, Sussex, July 27, 1652. Sackvill, Richard, third Earl of Dorset, 2. Sub. ; pd. £120. Grandson of Thomas, first Earl of Dorset; was born March -.8, 1589, in the Chartreuse in London (now called the Charterhouse) ; married, Febru- ary 27, 1609, the very celebrated Lady Anne, daughter and heir of George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, in her mother's chambers, in Augustine-Fri- ers house, in London, two days after his father's decease, whom he suc- ceeded as third Earl of Dorset. In 1611-12 he was traveling in France and the Low Countries; May 15,1620, he transferred to Mr. Henry Manwar- ing ten shares of land in Virginia, which it seems was all of his stock. He died in (ireat Dorset-House, Lon- don, March 28, 1624, and was buried, April 7, with his ancestors in Withiam Church in Sussex ; leaving no surviv- ing male issue, he was succeeded by his brother. Sir Edward, as fourth Earl of Dorset. Sackville, Thomas, first Earl of Dorset. Born in Sussex, 1536 ; M. P. about 1557 ; with Thomas Norton, wrote the first regular English tragedy in 1.562 ; imprisoned at Rome 1566 ; knighted June 8, 1.167, and the same day created Baron of Buckhurst; am- bassador to Paris, 1570; to the Nether- lands, 1587 ; Kniglit of the Garter, 1589; Chancellor of Oxford University, 1589; lord high treasurer, 1599 ; Earl of Dorset by James I. in 1603 ; died at Whitehall, April 19, 1608. He was the grandfather of the foregoing Sir Edward Sackville and Richard, third Earl of Dorset. Sad. Stephen. Pd. £12 10s. Saint Albans, Viscount. — Fran- cis Bacon. Saint Aldegonde, Marnix de. Philippe de Muruix, Baron of St. Al- degonde ; born at Brussels, 1538 ; at- tached to the Prince of Orange, 156.5 ; attended Assembly of Dort, 1572 ; plenipotentiary of republic at Diet of Worms, 1577 ; in England for a time ; defended Antwerp, 1584-85; died at Leyden, 1598. Saint John, Sir John, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £37 10s. Of Lydiard Tre- gose. County Wilts, and of Battersea and Wandsworth ; knighted at White- hall, February 2, 1609; created a bar- onet. May 11,'^1611; M. P. , Wilts, in 1624-25 ; zealously attached to the royal cause, and had three sons slain fighting under the royal standard ; ancestor of the Viscounts Bolingbroke. His daughter, Anne St. John, married, first, Sir Francis Henry Lee, baronet, and, secondly, Henry \Viln>ot (son of Sir Charles, whoui see), first Earl of Rochester. She was grandaunt of the celebrated statesman and author. Vis- count Bolingbroke. Saint John, Sir William, 2. Sub. £75; pd. £50. " Of Heighley, in the County of Glamorgan, Knight;" knighted at Dublin Castle, December 21, 1607, by Sir Arthur Chichester, the lord deputy of Ireland. He was "a 990 SAINT JOHN — SALTER distinguished naval officer; " July 3, 1609, the Earl of Nottingham sent by him to Salisbury " a letter of com- mendations of the bearer, Sir William St. John, who has taken Harris, the pirate, on the Irish coast, and done good service off the West Islands of Scotland." February 6, 1610, John Hopkins, alderman of Bristol, wrote " to Lord Admiral Nottingham, that Sir William St. John has taken a fly boat of 100 tons." M. C. for Va. Co., 1612. In 1616 Sir Walter Ralegh is said to have paid Sir William St. John and Sir Ed- ward Villiers the sum of £1,500 for their influence in securing his release from prison, and Sir William is said to have afterwards proposed to effect his pardon also, for the additional sum of £1,500 ; " but, upon the counsels of Lord Bacon, the ill-fated Ralegh re- jected this overture " (but see Gar- diner's " Hist, of England," ii. p. 381, note 1) ; a member of the African Com- pany in 1618. In 1620 Sir William St. John and others sent out an exjje- dition for the discovery of Senegam- bia, on the coast of Africa, which claimed to have passed 960 miles up the River Gambia into the continent. (See Humfrey Slany. ) Saint Leger Pedigree. (Ex- tract.) Sir Warham ^ St. Leger, chief governor of Munster, 1.565 ; knight marshal of Munster, 1579; killed by Hugh Maguire, Lord Fermanagh, 1599 ; married, first, L^^rsula, dl. His god- fathers, Sir Thomas Russel, Knt., Thomas Blount, Esq.; liis godmother: Mrs. Margaret Sheldon, widow. " iii. Miles ^ Saudes was born on March £9, at twelve of the clock in the morning, in the year of our Lord God, 15o3. His godfathers. Miles Sandes, Esq., Thomas Fleet, Esq.; his godmother, Mrs. Pedder. " iv. William -^ Sandes was born on September 13, at four of the clock in the afternoon, in the year of our Lord 1565. His godfathers, William Ligon, John Littleton, Esq.; his godmother, Mrs. Joan Perry. " V. Margaret '^ Sandes was born on December 22, at three of the clock in the afternoon, in the year of our Lord God, 1566. Her godfather, John Fol- liot, Esq. ; her godnaothers, Lady Mar- garet Russell, Mrs. Anne Daston. [She married Anthony Aucher, Esq.] 3. " vi. Thomas '^ Sandes was born on December 3, at three of the clock in the afternoon in 1568. His godfath- ers: Sir Thomas Lucy, Knt., Walter Blount, Esq.; his godmother, Mrs. Elizabeth Packington. [Sir Thomas Lucy is Shakespeare's "Mr. Justice Shallow."] " vii. Anne '^ Sandes was born on June 21, at eight of the clock in the morn- ing, 1570. Her godfather, John Pack- ington, Esq. ; her godmothers, Mrs. Anne W^ashbourne, Mrs. Anne Colles. [She married William Barnes, Esq.] 4. " viii. Henry '■^ Sandes was born the last day of September, between eight and nine of the clock at night in 1572. His godfathers, Henry, Earl of Hunt- ingdon, William Lord Sandes; his god- mother. Lady Margaret Tailboies. Ila est Edivhius, London. 5. " ix. George - Sandes, born the sec- ond day of March at six of the clock in the morning in 1577 \_L e., 1578, N. S ]. His godfathers, George Clifford, Earl of Cumberland, William Lord Ewer ; his godmother, Catharine, Countess of Huntingdon." Sandys, Sir Edwin, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £287 lUs. (See pedigree, 2.) Born December 9, 1561 ; admitted a scholar of Corpus Christi College in Oxford un(Jer the tuition of Richard Hooker in September, 1577 ; B. A., October 16, 1579 ; probationer fellow of that college, January 23, 1580 ; collated to the prebend of Wetwang iu the Cathedral of York, March 17, 1582 ; M. A., June 5, 1583. An Edwin Sandys (either his first cousin of that name, or himself) was M. P. for An- dover, 1586, and for Plympton in 1588-89 and 1592-93. He afterwards traveled into foreign countries with his old friend and college-mate, George Cranmer (grandnephew of the great archbishop.) George Cranmer was killed in Ireland in 1600. His broth- er, William Cranmer, deputy-governor of the Hamburgh Company at Rotter- dam, joined the Va. Co. some time after 1616. While Sandys was at Paris in 1599, he drew up a tract, which was after- wards published under the title of " Europse Speculum." Returned to England, 1599 ; resigned his prebend. May, 1602 ; entered the service of King James in Scotland, it seems, and came to England with him, by whom he was knighted at the Charterhouse, May 11, 1603, "and was afterwards employed by his majesty in several affairs of great trust and importance." M. P. for Stockbridge, 1604-11 ; at the head of the committee for inves- tigating the complaints against the trading companies, April, 1604. His tract " Europie Speculum, A Relation of the State of Religion ... in the Severall States of these Western Parts of the World" was entered for publication at Stationers' Hall, June 21, 1605, and on November 2, 1605, "Sir Edwin Sandys's books were burned in Paul's Church Yard by order of the High Commission." M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607. " Jidy 3, 1007, on the motion of Sir Edwin Sandys, a member of great authoritj', the House of Commons entered for the first time an order for the regular keeping of their journals." M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. Hume says : " At that time men of genius and enlarged minds had adopted the principles of liberty which were, as yet, pretty much unknown to the generality of the people. Sir Mat- thew Hales has published a remon- strance against the king's conduct towards the Parliament during this session [1604^11]. The remonstrance is drawn with srreat force of reason- SANDYS 993 ing and spirit of liberty, and was the prodiiL'tiou of Sir Francis Bacon and Sir Edsvin Sanilys, two men of the greatest parts and knowledge in England." The king granted him the Manor of Northbourne and otheivs in Kent, March 12, IGU. M. P. for Rochester, 1014 ; of the E. I. Co. prior to 1614. " Dr. Goulston, at the re(|uest of Sir Edwin Sandys, whose life he had saved," was admitted gratis into the E. I. Co., Angiist 4, lOil. Of the S. I. Co., June 29, 1(315, and Sandys Tribe in that island was named for him. " In regard of Sir Thomas Smythe's sicknes and otlier imploy- ments, Sir Edwin was chosen as his Assistant in the management of the affairs of the Va. Co., and he did in a manner wholie supplie Smythe's place " from early in 1G17 to April 28, 1619. During this time the Puri- tans of Leyden, about September, 1617, sent two messengers to consult him regarding the settlement in Vir- ginia of the members of that church. " They found the Va. Co. in general well disposed thereto, and gained an active friend in Sir Edwin Sandys, whose brother, Sir Samuel Sandys, the lessee of Scrooby Manor, was a firm advocate of toleration " (see " Narra- tive and Critical History of America," vol. iii. pp. 264, 265). He succeeded Sir Thomas Smythe (whom see) as treasurer of the Va. Co., April 28, 1619, and was himself succeeded in that office bv the Earl of Southamp- ton, June 28," 1620. Late in 1620 Sir Edwin Sandys was chosen to represent Sandwich in the Parliament of 1621- 22, after a " tumultuous election." This borough had been represented by Sir Thomas Smythe, and Sandys made the E. I. Co. an issue in the canvass ; he told the voters that " the East Indies Company was a pernicious mat- ter to them and to the whole kingdom, and that he was against it." The Parliament met January 30, 16_^, and Sir Edwin took a noted part in its celebrated acts. He had drafted two of the former Virginia charters, and on February 22, 162 'J, he notified the company that he was preparing a new patent, making some changes. It seems that Johu Selden was his coun- sel in preparing this patent. The Va. Co. gave him twenty shares in Vir- ginia, May 2, 1621. June 16, 1621, Selden and himself were committed to the custody of the sheriit's of Lon- don, and not released until the 18th of July following. This happened during a recess ; and when the House of Com- mons assembled again in November, 1621, many were indignant at the con- finement of the members ; but Pym and tlie other committeemen were told that " neither Sandys uor Selden had been imprisoned for any Pailiament matter." Peckard's Ferrar says that "the matter was the Virginia busi- ness." Wodenoth, in his " Short Col- lection," says, " In the conclusion of a broken Parliament by King James, both the Earl of Southampton and Sir Edwin Sandys were committed close prisoners upon private assumed sug- gestions, which struck some terrour into most undertakers for Virginia." In "a note which Sir Nathaniel Rich presently took of Capt. Bargrave's discourse concerning Sir E. Sandys." " The purport is that Sandys was op- posed to monarchical government in general : had moved the Archbishop of Canterbury to give leave to the Brownists and Separatists to go to Virginia, and designed to make a free popular state there, and himself and his assured friends to be leaders." These matters, whatever they were, were kept strictly private, and there- fore but little is really known about them ; but it seems from the proposed new charter of February, the impris- onment of June, and from these pas- sages, that something was in the air. Were " speculative reasoners, already beginning to foretell that these remote colonies, after draining their mother- country of inhabitants, would shake off her yoke ? " Was the seed of our Revolution planted with the colonies ? The discussion of the factions in the Va. Co. would be too long for these biographies ; but as the matter cannot be entirely overlooked, I shall say something of tlicse troubles in the sketch of Sir Thomas Smythe. The election for members of Parlia^ nient, held in Kent in Januar\', 1624, was another " tunudtuous election." Sandys defeated Sir Dudley Digges. The cry of his party was " that Sir Nicholas Tufton was a papist, and Digges a royalist, and it was thought 994 SANDYS this would incense the king more to- ward Sandys than ever." He was M. P. for Kent, February, 1G24, to March, 1625. Coke and Sandys laid the charges against Middlesex before the Peers, April 15, 1Gl4. The Virginia charter was declared void June 16, 1624. M. P. for Penryn, 1625 and 1626. He died in October, 1629, and was interred in the church of North- bourne in Kent, " where he had a seat and estate granted to him by King James for some service which he had done his majesty upon his accession to the crown of England." He be- queathed £1,500 to the University of Oxford for the endowment of a meta- physical lecture. He married four times : first, to Margaret, daughter of John Eveleigh, Esq., of Devonshire (issue, a daughter) ; secondly, to Anne Southcott (issue, a daughter); thirdly, to Elizabeth Nevinson (no issue) ; fourthly, to Catharine, daughter of Sir Richard Bulkeley, and by her (who died in 1640) had, with other issue, five sons, all of whom, save one, ad- hered to the Parliament interest dur- ing the civil wars. (See the sketches of his sons, Edwin, Henry, and Rich- ard, in this Dictionary.) c^ wvyn ^Ktn^:^ -^-^w/ Sandys, Edwin, son of Sir Edwin, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of North- bourne Court in Kent ; was a colonel in the Parliament's army ; received a mortal wound at the battle of Worces- ter, and died in 1642. He married Catherine, daughter of Richard Champneys, Esq., of Hall Place, Kent, and his daughter, Catherine Sandys, married, in 1677, Thomas Bland, son of John Bland (whom sec), and elder brother to Col. Theodorick Bland of Virginia. Sandys, George, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. . Probably the Sir George Sandys, who was hanged at Wapping in March, 1618, for taking purses on the highway, having been formerly pardoned for like offenses. In August, 1616, lie (with others) had been convicted for highway robberies at Kensington, of twelve or thirteen persons in an evening. A real " knight of the road." Sandys, George, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Youngest son of the Archbishop (see pedigree, 5) ; en- tered Oxford University, 1589 ; trav- eled through parts of Europe, Asia, and Afi'ica, May, 1610, to the autumn of 1611 ; joined the Va. Co. ; pub- lished the account of his travels, dedi- cated to Prince Charles, 1615, and lived to see sever.al editions issue from the press ; a candidate for governor of the Bermudas, but was defeated by Capt. Nathaniel Butler, 1619, after which he assigned his two shares in those islands to others. January 29, 1621, he transferred two shares in Virginia to Sir Francis Weyneman. He had published a first edition of the first five books of Ovid some time prior to 1621 ; in that year a second edition was issued. In April, 1621, he was chosen treasurer of the colony in Virginia, and afterwards appointed to be of the council there. He arrived in Virginia in the fall of 1621, and remained (possibly not continuously) until 1628, and probably after. After the dissolution of the Va. Co., he was appointed to the Council in Virginia by James I. on August 26, 1624, and by Charles I on March 4, 1626, and March 22, 161.8. King Charles granted him special license to publish his trans- lation into English verse of the fifteen books of Ovid's " Metamorphoses," " the better to encourage him and oth- ers to employ their labors and studies in good literature," on April 24, 1626. The first edition of these fifteen books (the first five books having been twice printed), dedicated to King Charles, appeared in 16:16, and was followed by other editions in 1627, 1632, 1640, etc. On the special commission for the better plantation of Virginia, June 27, 1631, and " having spent the ripest of his years in the public employment in Virginia," understanding that his maj- esty resolved to govern Virginia by a commission, he petitioned for the ap- pointment of secretary to the commis- sion. The date of this petition is un- certain ; but Mr. Sainsbury assigns it to " 1631 ? ". King Charles granted him a special license to print and sell his pai-aphrase SANDYS 995 of the Psalms of David and other hymns dispersed through the Old and New Testaments, on December 4, 1635. Published " At the Hell in St. Panl's Churchyard, IGoli. Cum Priv- ilegio Kegite Majestatis." Dedicated to the king and queen ; with a com- plimentary poem, prehxed from Lu- cius Cary, Viscount Falkland, " To my Noble Frend, Mr. Geoi-ge Sandys, upon his excellent Paraphrase of the Psalms." Under the different title of " A Paraphrase upon the Divine Poems," a second edition, with addi- tions, was issued in 1(338, and a third edition in 10 i8 " Christs Passion [by Grotins]. A Tragedy. With Annotations. By George Sandys. London, printed . . . 1G40." " A Paraphrase upon the Song of Solomon. Written by G[eorge]. S[andvs]. and Dedicated to the Queen'es ]\Lijesty. Oxford, 1611." Ditto; "London, Printed by John Le- gatt, 1641." Ditto; " London, printed for H. S. and W. L., 1642." After his return from Virginia he was appointed a gentleman of the king's privy chamber ; but I do not know the date of his return. In 1638 there was another determined effort made to rec'stablisli the old Virginia Company, and when this became known in Virginia, the Assembly there, ia 1639, appointed George Sandys their agent in England, with particular in- structions to oppose the reestablish- ment of the company and to give the Assembly in Virginia the earliest in- telligence of their machinations, etc.; but whether he was sent from Vir- ginia at this time for this purpose, or whether he, being already in England, was so selected, I do not know. How- ever, he mistook "his advice and in- structions from the said Assembly," and presented a petition to the House of Commons, in the name of the .\d- venturers and Planters in Virginia, for restoring the letters patent to the company. When tlie Assembly hearrl of this, on April 1, 1642, they met and passed a solemn declaration against the company, etc. (See " Va. Hist. Register," vol. i. No. IV. pp. 153- 161; Hening's " Va. Statutes at Large," vol. i'. pp. 230-236.) On July 5, 1642, the king answered this decla- ration, giving every assurance to the colony against the company. Sandys died in the beginning of March, 1644, at Bexley Abbey in Kent, the .-^eat of his niece, the widow of Governor Wyatt of Virginia, and was interred in the chancel of the church of Bex- ley, Marcii 7, 164-1. Sandys, Henry, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. The sixth son of the archbishop (see pedigree, 4). Sandys, Henry, son of Sir Edwin, 3. Sub. ; pd. . March 7, 1623, Sir Edwin Sandys transferred to Mr. Henry Sandys, his son, five shares in the A'irginia entei'prise. Sandys, Richard, esquire, 2. Sub, ; pd. . Son of Sir Edwin; he jiurchased Downehall in Kent ; was deputy governor of the B. I. Co. in 1647 ; was a colonel in the Par- liament's army. He married Hes- ter, daughter of Edwin Aucher, sec- ond son of Anthony Auclier, Esq., of Bourne, Sandys, Sir Samuel, 2. Sub. £37 10s,; pd. £87 10. Eldest son of the archbishop (see pedigree, 1); born De- cember 28, 1560; inherited from his father the manor of Ombersley, in the countv of Worcester; M, P. for Ripon, 1586-87; knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603 ; ]\I. P. for Worcestershire, 1609-1611; M. C. for A^a. Co., 1612; member S. I. Co., 1615 ; sheriff of Worcestershire in 1618, and M. P. for that county in 1614, and 1621-22; in the latter Parliament lie was in- volved in the same troubles as his brother. Sir Edwin. In May, 1622, he gave his son. Sir Edwin, a share of land in Virginia. March 30, 1623, his brother George wrote him a long let- ter from Virginia. He died August 18, 1623, and lies buried at Wickham- ford, on the north side of the chancel, under a monument of alabaster, sup- ported by five pillars of tonchstone. He married, about l.~)8(), Mercy, daugiiter of Martin Culpeper, Esq., and had issue four sons and seven daughters; one of the daughters mar- ried Sir Francis ^V'yatt, sometime gov- ernor of Virginia, and anotiier married (so it is said) Sir Ferdinando Wenman, who died in Virginia. Sir Edwin, the eldest son, who was afterwards of the Va. Co., was the father of Samuel Sandys, Esq., who married Elizabeth, 996 SANDYS — SCOTT daughter of Sir John Packington, and widow of Col. Henry Washington, the first cousin to John, the emigrant an- cestor of Gen. George Washington. Sandys, Thomas, esquire, 2. Suh. ; pd. £25. Fifth sou of the archbishop (see pedigree, 3). He was of London, where he was still liv- ing at the Herald's Visitation of 1633— 34, when he recorded his pedigree. He married " Margaret, daughter of Robert Tyas of the Wardrob Clarke Comptroller there." His eldest son, Robert Sandys, married Alice, daugh- ter of Mr. Lawrence Washington of Sulgrave, and aunt to Col. John Washington, the emigrant ancestor of Genei'al George. It is very interesting to note this relationshij) between the Washingtons and the son of " Mr. Justice Shal- low's " godson. Sarmiento. See Gondomar. Savage, Thomas. Born about 1594; arrived in Virginia January 2, 1608, and was soon after exchanged with Powhatan for Namontack ; re- mained with the Indians about three years ; with Hamor as interpreter in May, 1614. He traded with the In- dians and was long an interpreter for the colony. In 1620 he sent a rela- tion to the Va. Co. of a great trade in furs by Frenchmen to the north- ward. In 1625 he was living on his " divident " on the Eastern Shore of Virginia with his wife Ann and two servants. The date of his death is not known to me. The Indians called him " Thomas Newport." At April court, 1668, Northam^iton County, Va., " the deposition of William Jones, aged 59, sayeth that being at Colonel Robins, deceased about four or five and tliirty years since (when Laughing King came annually to visit said Robins in the spring), was desired by Colonel Robins to ask the said King, whose land such a neck of land was ? and the King replied that he had given the south side of Wessaponson to bis son, Thomas Newport." Savage evidently lived in favor with the In- dians, being called sou botli by Pow- hatan and the Laughing King. He left two sons: Thomas, who was alive in 1652, but seems to have died with- out issue, and a younger son, John Savage (a Burgess in 1666, died in 1678), who married, first, Ann Elking- ton, and had by her two daughters: Susanna (married fii'st to John Ken- dall and secondly to Henry Warren) and Grace (married George Corbin). John Savage married, secondly, Mary Robins, by whom three sons and two daughters. Nathaniel Littleton Sav- age of the revolutionary conventions was a descendant of " Ancient Thomas Savage." Scarpe, John, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Went to Virginia; was lieutenant of Jamestown in 1614. Scott Pedigree. (Extract.) Sir Reginald i Scott of Scot's Hall, Kent; captain of the. castles of Calais and Sangatte ; high sherifi^ of Kent, 1541-42 ; was principally engaged abroad in military service ; died De- cember 16, 1554. He married, first, Emmeline, daughter of Sir William Kempe, of Ollantigh, Kent and had by her Sir Thomas ^ (see hereafter), and two daughters. He married, secondly Mary, daughter to Sir Bryan Tuke, of Layer Marney in Essex, secretary to Cardinal Wolsey, and had by her Mary, who married Richard Argall (see Argall pedigree), and three other daughters, and Charles '^ and four other sons. Charles '^ was of I]gerton in Godinersham ; he married Jane, daughter of Sir Thomas Wyatt, of Allington Castle, Kent (minister tevip. Henry VIII. ; beheaded, second Mary), bj' Jane, daughter of Sir William Hawte, of Kent. Mrs. Jane Scott was sister to George Wyatt of Bexley (see Sir Moyle Finch). Sir Thomas ^ Scott, eldest son of Sir Reginald, was a distinguished man; sheriff of Kent, 1576 ; knight of the shire in Parliaments of 1571 and 1586; commander-in-chief of the Kentish forces assembled on North bourne Downs in 1588, to repeal the threat- ened S])anish invasion ; died Decem- ber 30, 1594. He married, first, Eliz- abeth, daugliter of Sir John Baker, by whom he had a very large family; ac- cording to some accounts, 17 children. It will only be necessary to mention a few of them. 1. Thomas Scott, eldest son, mar- ried, first, Mary KnatchbuU; secondly, Elizabeth Honywood. 2. Sir John Scott, of Nettlested, second son. SCOTT 997 3. Richard Scott, who mariiecl Catherine, daughter of Sir Rowland Hay ward. 4. Elizabeth Scott, married, first, John Knatchbull; secondly, Sir Rich- ard Sniythe. 5. Euieline Scott, married Robert Edolpe. G. Mary Scott, married, first, An- thony St. Leger (see Sir Warham St. Leger), and, secondly, Alexander Culpeper, of Wigsell. 7. Anthony Scott, who may be En- sign Anthony Scott. Sir John Baker (the father of Elizabeth, who married, Sir Thomas ^ Scott) was the speaker of the first Parliament of Edward VI. (1547- loo2), which was the fii-st thoroughly Protestant Parliament. His second son, John Baker, married Catherine Scott (the sister of Sir Thomas Scott, aforesaid), and they were the parent of Sir Richard Baker, the chronicler. Scott, Anthony. Ensign; possi- bly son of Sir Thomas (see pedigree, 7). Scott, Edmund, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Fifth sou of Thomas Scot, of Sevenock, by his wife Margery, daughter of Thomas Clerke, of Ford, County Kent ; was in the East In- dies, February 2, 1603, to October G, 1605, aud in 1606 published an ac- count of what he saw there; of the E. I. and X. W. P. companies. Scott, Elizabeth, widow, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . Widow of Thomas Scott, gent, (whom see) ; lived at Bene in Xewington, near Hythe, aud died there, without issue, aged 60, in 1627 ; and was buried in Brabourue Church where her tomb remains. Scott, George, of London, grocer. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £125. Of St. Mary Woolchurch; fourth sou of Thomas of Sevenock, aud brother of Edmund. He married, in 1602, Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Sir Thomas Campbell, lord mavor, and sister of Sir James Camp- bell; was of the E. I. and X. W. P. companies. In 1616 he gave to St. Mary Woolchurch Haw " the clock to strike on the great bell, and with two dyales, one towards the streate, the other within the church." He was elected M. C. for Va. Co. in June, 1623. Scott, Sir John, 2. Sub. £75; pd. . (See Scott pedigree, 2.) Of Xettlested Place, Kent, second son of Sir Thomas Scott, kuiglit, of .Scot's Hall, by his first wife, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir John Baker (attor- ney-general to Henry VUL), and heir of liis elder brother, 'J houias Scott, gent. He was knighted in the Low Countries in 1588 by Lord W il- longhby, under whom he served as captain of a band of lancei's; captain in the voyage to the Azores in 1507; implicated in the rising of Essex, 1601; M. P. for Kent, 1604-11; M. C. for Va., March 0, 1607; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. In 1609 Decker dedicated the Phoenix to Sarah, wife of Sir Thomas Smith, and to Catharine, wife to Sir John Scott, signing himself " Hum- bly devoted to your Ladvships, Tiios Dekker." M. P. Maidstone, 1614. Sir John Scott died September 24, 1616, and was buried in Brabourue Church, Kent. He was twice mar- ried, but died without issue. His first wife was Elizabeth, widow of Sir Wil- liam Drury, aud daughter of Sir Wil- liam Stafford by his wife. Lady Doro- thy, who was the daughter of Henry Lord Stafford, only son of Edward, last Duke of Buckingham of that line, who was beheaded in 1521. Lady Elizabeth Stafford, born iu 1544, was lady of the bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth; by h^r first husband she was mother of Sir Robert, Sir Drue, aud William Drury, and four daugh- ters; by her second husband, whom she married about 1578, she left no issue; she died February 6, 1598, and Sir John Scott married, second!}', prior to Sep- tember 17, 1599, Catharine, daughter of ]Mr. Customer Smythe, and widow of Sir Rowland Hayward. She sur- vived Sir John about six months, and died early iu 1617, aged fifty-six. Scott, Thomas, gent., 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £-50. Eldest son of Sir Thomas Scott (see pedigree, 1); cap- tain of a troop of lancers in the Kent- ish forces in 1.588 and 1589; sheriff' of Kent, 43 Elizabeth ; a commissioner for the survey- of crown lands in Kent, 1608 ; died prior to 1611 ; heir, his brother. Sir John (aforesaid). His widow, Elizabeth (whom see), was daughter of Thomas Honywood, of Sene, by his wife, Margaret Beding^ field, of Bellaview, Kent. 998 SCRIVENER — SEYMOUR Scrivener, Matthew, 2. Sub. ; pd. £100. Arrived in Virginia with Newport in January, 1608 ; a member of the Coiuieil in Virginia ; in the ex2)edition up York River in Feb- ruary, 1608 ; possibly acting president of the council, July to September, 1608, and in January, 1609, at which time he was drowned in James River. (He must have been a man of means, as he contributed a sum about equal to $2,500 of our money to the enterprise. The Rev. Richard Hakluyt mentions in his will, " Mr. John Scrivener, late of Barbican in the suburbs of the cittie of London." Scrivener is not a very common family name, and 1 in- fer that the aforesaid Matthew and John were members of the same fam- ily, and that they were probably related to the Rev. Richard Hakluyt.) Scudamore, Sir James, 3. Sub. £37; pd. . Of Holme Lacy, Hereford ; son of Sir John Scuda- more, the " Sir Scudamore " of Spen- ser's " Faerie Queene ; " M. P. for County Hereford, 1604-11 and 1614; probably died soon after ; married, in 1599, Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Throckmorton, and widow of Sir Thomas Baskerville (see Throckmor- ton pedigree), by whom he was the father of Sir John Scudamore. Scudamore, Sir John. Sub. ; pd. . Son of Sir James, afore- said ; created a baronet June 1, 161^0 ; M. P. County Hereford, 1621-22 and 1624-25, and for Hereford, 1625 and 1628 ; created Viscount Scudamore, July 5, 1628. His aunt, the widow of Sir Thomas Dale, gave him by will, in 1640, a ring valued at £60. " He died universally lamented, in the seventy-first year of his age, June 8, 1671." Sebright (or Seabright), Wil- liam, escjuire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Of the Inner Temple ; eldest son of Edward Sebright of Blakeshall, in the county of Worcester, by his wife Joyce, daughter to William (4ros- venor, Esq. ; town clerk of London, May 25, 1574, to April 27, 1613 ; twice married, but left no issue. His second wife, Elizabeth, daughter of James Morley, was the widow of Thomas Bourcher, and by him motlier of Sir James Bourclier, the father of Eliza- beth, wife of Oliver Cromwell, the Protector. William Sebright died at his house in Lombard Street, October 27, 1620 (or October 28, 1629), and was buried in the Church of St. Ed- mund the King. He left property for the foundation of a free grammar school at Wolvei'lej', and to sundry other charities. His niece Sara mar- ried Sir Thomas Coventry. Seckford, Sir Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Of Suffolk; knighted at the Charterhouse May 11, 1603 ; " Master of Tents and Toils." Died before March, 1611. Seely, Captain Thomas. Prob- ably Capt. Thomas Ceelye of Bideford, second son of Christopher Ceely of Plymouth ; but see Froude's " History of England," vol. viii. pp. 452-455. Selden, John. Sub. ; pd. • . The celebrated lawyer and anti- quary ; author of " History of Tithes," etc. He served on several committees for revising the laws, etc., of theVa. Co. of London. October 22, 1622, the N. E. Council consulted Mr. Robert Johnson and himself concerning the heads of " ye new Grand Pattent." M. P. Lancaster, 1624-25 ; Great Bed win, 1625 and 1626 ; Ludgers- hall, lGl.8-29, and Oxford L'niversity, 1640-53 ; died in London, November 30, 1654, aged 72; buried in the Temple Church. Seyer — Sayer, Thomas, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Probably Thomas Sayer, of Bowton in Suffolk, a younger brother of Sir George Sayer, who received the honor of knighthood June 4, 1607. Tliis family name also occurs as Sears. Seymour, Ed'ward, esquire. Of Berry Pomeroy, County Devon; grand- son of the first Duke of Somerset ; M. P. for Devonshire, 1592-93, 1601, and 1604-11 ; M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607 ; created a baronet, June 29, 1611 ; died April 11, 1613. He mar- ried, in 1576, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Arthur Champernoune, knight, of Dart- ington, in Devonshire, and was suc- ceeded by his eldest son. Sir Edward Seymour, second bar- onet ; knighted at Greenwich, May 22, 1603; returned to two Parliaments by the county of Devon, in the reign of James I. ; member of the N. E. Council in 1620 ; married Dorothj', SEYMOUR — SHEFFIELD 999 daughter of Sir Henry Killigrew, of Laroch in Cornwall, and, dying in 1659, left a large family. Seymour, Rev. Richard. He was the youngest son of Sir Edward Sey- mour who died in Kilo, and brother of Sir Edward Seymour, seeond baronet. Shacley (Sheckley, ete.), "Wil- liam, haberdasher, '_'. Sub. ; pd. £25. June 24, 1G19, he transferred his two shares in Virginia to Oliver St. John. Shakespeare, "William, poet. Baptized at Stratford-upon-Avon, April 26, 1561; married Anne Hath- away about November, 1582 ; went to London about 1586 ; retired to Strat- ford probably about 1604 ; died at Stratford, April 23, 1616. Shanois. See Chanoyes. Sharp, William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £'Io. Went to Virginia in 1611; still living there in 16.5. Sheffield, Edmund Lord, 2. Sub. ; pd. £140. .John Sherlield, sec- ond Baron Sheffield (who died in 1569), married Douglas, daughter of William Lord Howard of Effingham, by whom (who married, secondly, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester) he had, with other issue, Edmund Shef- field, born in 1564 ; succeeded, at the death of his father, in 1569, as third Lord Sheffield ; went to the Low Country wars with the Earl of Leices- ter in December, 1585. *' This noble- man distinguished himself in arms in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, partic- ularly in the celebrated defeat of the formidable Spanish Armada, when he was knighted at sea by the lord ad- miral, J uly 26, 1588." " After that he served her Majesty in the Irish Warres, where God so blessed him, that he gained much honor." By King James he was made, in 1603, president of the council for the northern parts of the realm, where he governed many years with such integrity that injustice was never laid to his charge. M. C.Va. Co., May 23, 1609. He was one of the lords who accompanied Richard Mar- tin to the House of Commons in May, 1614, in the interest of the Va. Co., and we find him constantly interested in the success of the Virginia Colony ; one of the first members of the fiist council for the N. E. Co., November 3, 1620, and one of the signers of the fir.st Plymouth patent, June 1, 1621. He granted a patent of Cape Ann, New England, on January 1, 1624 ; created ICarl of Mulgrave by Charles I., February 7, 16i6 ; married, first, Ursula, daughter of Sir Robert Tir- whit, of Ketilby, County Lincoln, and had bj- her no less than fifteen chil- dren. His domestic losses were severe ; four of his sons were drowned, and the fifth. Sir John Sheffield (grandfather of the celebrated Duke of Bucking- ham), was killed by a fall from his horse. Of his daughters, by first wife, I^Iajy married (in November, 1608) Sir b'crdinando Fairfax; Frances married Sir Fliilip Fairfax, and Eliza- beth married Sir John Bourchier. Lord Sheffield married, secondly, Mariana, daughter of Sir William Urwyn, knight, and had by her no less than five children. Rev. Thomas Lorkin, writing to Sir Thomas Puckering, March 16, 1619, says, " My Lord Sheffield, upon Thurs- day fortnight last, married a fair young gentlewoman of some sixteen years of of age, Sir William Irwin's daughter, and is (for the country's sake, I sup- pose) highly applauded by the King for his choice. And surely, if it be true, ' Blessed is the wooing that is not long adoing,' we must give him for a happy man, since less than three days con- cluded wooing, wedding, and bedding." He lies buried under a black and whit^ altar tomb in the Church of Ham- mersmith, on the south side of the chan- cel, with the following inscription : — " To the lasting memory of Edmond Lord Sheffield, Earl of Mulgrave, Baron of Butterwick and Knight of the most noble order of the Garter. . . . He was a good patron to his country, endevoringe to advance the Church and common weale. lie was truly pious, open-handed to feed the poore, and cloathe the naked. As he lived the life, so he died the death, of the righteous, in Oct', 1646, in the 83rd year of his age." 1000 SHELLEY — SHERLEY Shelley, Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Probably Henry Shelley of Warming-hurst, Sussex ; M. P. for Steyiiing, 1586-87 ; Bramber, 1604- 11 ; died December, 1623. Or Henry Shelley of Parham, Sussex, whose daughters, Mary and Judeth, married nephews of John and Gregory Bland. He was shipwrecked on tlie Bermudas in 1G09 ; came to Virginia in 1610, but returned to England. Shelley, "Walter. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Member of the first House of Burgesses in the New World, for Smythe's Hundred, July 30, 1619, and died during the session, August 1. Shelton, Sir Ralphe, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £12 10s. Of Shelton Hall, Norfolk ; knighted at Theo- bald's, November 30, 1607. Shepard, Matthew, grocer, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £50. Apprentice to Thomas Juxon ; was sworn to the freedom of the Grocers' Company, Januar}^ 18, 1579 ; married Sara, daughter of John Hawkins of Rugby, Com. Warwick, and widow of Raphe Juxon (the uncle of William Juxon, Bishop of London). His son and late apprentice, Matthew Sheppard, was sworn to freedom, July 3, 1616, and both father and son (senior and junior) were on the Grocers' books in 1620. At the Visitation of Loudon in 1634, the father was dead, and the son was one of the " Leiftenants of the City." Shepard, Richard, preacher, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Sherley (or Shirley), Sir An- thony. The second son of Sir Thomas Sherley, the elder, of Wis- ton ; was born about 1.565 ; B. A. Oxford, 1581 ; serving in the Low Country wars, 1588 ; knighted 1591 ; made a knight of St. Michael's by Henry IV. of France ; but Queen Elizabeth made him return the in- signia ; made a voyage to the West Indies and thence along our whole coast, via Newfoundland, May 21, 1596, to June 15, 1597 ; in the voyage of 1.597 to the Azores ; induced by the Earl of Essex to proceed to the Court of Persia ; set out with his younger brother Robert aiul twenty- six followers in 1598-99 ; sailed from Venice for Aleppo, May 24, 1599 ; arriv(!d in Persia after many adven- tures by land and sea in 1599 ; per- suaded Shah Abbas to make war against the Turk. In 1600 the Shah sent him on an embassy to the Chris- tian princes of Europe to induce them to form a league with him against Mahomet III., and after traveling over Europe on this embassy, he landed at Dover, England, " in the midst of the moneth of September," 1601. Licensed by James I. to re- main beyond seas, and recommended to foreign courts, February 8, 1604 ; ambassador from Rudolph II. of Ger- many to the King of Morocco, Africa, in 1604-05. His brother Robert, who had gone with him to Persia, and who remained there, wrote to him on Sep- tember 10, 1606, from Casbin, re- proaching him for not returning to Persia. He afterwards entered the service of Spain, and was i)ensioned by Philip HI. "The habit of St. lago " was conferred upon him in 1611. He was afterwards created ad- miral of the Levant Seas, and made a member of the Spanish Council. Died in Spain after 1630. Sherley (or Shirley), Sir Robert. The j^oungest brother of Sir Anthony aforesaid ; born about 1570 ; entered the service of Shah Abbas, 1599 ; drilled his troops, and served with dis- tinction in his army against the Turks. In December, 1608, he was sent am- bassador to Christian princes by the Shah. Rudolpli II., in token of his great service against the Turk, cre- ated him a Count and Knight of the Sacred Roman Empire, June 2, 1609 ; reached Spain early in 1610, and re- mained there imtil June, Kill, when he went to England. While in Persia, he married Teresa, daughter of Isinael Khan, who bore him a child there, for whom the Mohammedan king stood godfather, and on November 4, 1611, she bore him a son in England, for whom the Prince of Wales and the Queen were sponsors. Left England for Persia in January, 1613, in the ship of Capt. Christopher Newport ; remained in Persia until 1616 ; rep- resented the Shah in Spain, 1616-20; in England in 1624 ; died at Casbin in Persia, July 13, 1628. Sherley (or Shirley), Sir Thomas. The elder of Wiston; born May 9, 1549 ; M. P. Sussex, 1572; knighted by Queen Elizabeth, at Rye SIR FRANCIS WALSINGHAM i SHERLEY — SIDNEY 1001 in Kent, Angust 12, 1573 ; treasurer at wiir, lo8G-97 ; served in the Low Countries ; died in December, 1612 ; had issue, by Anne, daughter of Sir Tliomas Kenipe of OUantigh, seven daughters and five sons. One of the daughters, Cecilia, married Sir Thomas West, Lord De la AVarr, the first cap- tain-general and lord governor of Vir- ginia. Three of the sons, Thomas, Anthony, and Robert, are known as " the three celebrated brother trav- elers." Sherley (or Shirley), Sir Thomas. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . I'vldest son of Sir Thomas, the elder, aforesaid; born in 15(i4; M. P. Steyn- ing, 1584-85; served in the Low Coun- try wars; knighted in Ii-eland in 1589; M. P. Steyning, 1593; engaged in tak- ing Spanisii prizes on tlie Atlantic Ocean; M. P. Hasting, 1601, and for Steyning, 1004—11 ; became involved in debt, was arrested and lodged in the Fleet from March 15 to May 15, 1004, furnishing the grounds for a celebrated "case of privilege ;" went to Turkey, and was a prisoner there, 1604-1607; released and returned to England ; sent to the Tower " for turning Turk," for a short time in September, 1607; while before the King's Bench for debt in June, 1612, he took poison, but re- covered; M. P. for Steyning, 1614; was again in the Fleet for debt in January, 1617 ; M. P. for Steyning, 1621-22. His debts forced him to sell the an- cestral estate of Wiston. (Sir Robert Sherley, first Earl of Ferrers, who married, for his first wife , Elizabeth , daughter of Lawrence Waslimgton of Garesdon, Wiltshire, was ol dllUthcr branch of this family.) Sherwell, Nicholas. Pd. £12 10s. Sherwell, Thomas. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Merchant of Plymouth; M. P. Plymouth, 1014, 1021-22, 1624- 25, 1625, 1626, and 1627-28. This name is sometimes found in the old Virginia records as Sherwin, and I suppose this person to be either the same, or one of the same family, as the Master Thomas Sherwin who was in- terested in the whale fisheries, and who made voyages to Spitzbergen during 1612-1 S, and possibly before and after. Shipley, Hugh, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Shipton, Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £(i2 10s. Of the E. L Co. Shre^vsbury, Earl of. — George and Gilbert Talbot. Sicklemore, Master Michael, gent. In Virginia, 1608-09. Sidney Pedigree. (Extract.) Sir William Sidney married Amie Pagen- ham. and had issue, with others, Lucy and Sir Henry. Lucy Sidney married Sir James Harington, and had issue, with others. Sir John Harrington (father of Sir John and Lucy Har- riugton) and Elizabeth Harington (mother, by her husl>and. Sir Edward Montague, of Sir Henry and Bishop James Alontague). Sir Henry Sidney married Mary, daughter of John Dudley, Earl of Northumberland. " Her father, her grandfather, her brother, and her sis- ter-in-law, the Lady Jane Grey, all died on the scaffold in the time of Queen Mary ; and this was the Dudley blood of which her son, the celebrated Sir Philip Sidney, was so proud." By her husband. Sir Henry Sidney, she was the mother of three sons and a daughter, namely : 1. Sir Philip Sid- ney ; 2. Sir Robert Sidney ; 3. Sir Thomas Sidney, who died a young man ; 4. Mary Sidney. Sidney, Madame Mary. Daugh- ter of John Dudley (see pedigree). Patron of Le I\Ioyne. Her husband, Sir Henry, and herself were both in- terested in Frobisher's voyages, 1576- 78. She was sister to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester. Sidney, "Mary, Countesse of Pembroke," 3. Sub. ; pd. . Daughter of Sir Henry Sidney and his wife, Mary Dudley (see pedigree); born about 1550 ; married Henry Herbert, Earl of Pembroke, about 1576 ; interested in Frobisher's voy- ages of 1576-78, and in Fenton's, 1582-83 ; member of the Va. Co., 1612 ; a poetess and authoress. She died at her house in Aldersgate Street. London, September 25, I62I, and Ben Jonson wrote her epitaph : — " Under neatli this marble Iiearse Lios the subject of all verso : Sidney's sister, Pembroke's mother : Death, ero thou hast slain anotlier, Wise, and fair, and pood as she, Time shall tlirow a dart at thee." She left two sons, Philip and William Herbert (whom see). 1002 SIDNEY Sidney, Sir Philip (see pedigree). Born at Fenslmrst in Kent, November 29, loo4:, and named for Fliilip II. of Spain, who had recently married Mary, Queen of England. In May, 1564:, when not ten years of age, " Philip Sydney, Scholar," was instituted by Thomas, Bishop of St. Asaph, to the rectory and church of Whyteford, as Philip Sydney, clerk, etc. He was then at school in Shrewsbury, and his church preferment was filled by his proctor. From this school he went, about 1568, to Christ Church, Oxford, and from Oxford he is said to have " passed to Cambridge, which he left with a liigli reputation for scholarship and general ability." In August, 1569, " terms of settlement for a pro- posed marriage of Philip Sidney and Ann, daughter of Sir William Cecil," were drawn up by Cecil. Sidney sailed for France with Ed- ward Clinton, Earl of Lincoln, May 26, 1572 ; in Paris at the massacre of St. Bartholomew, August 22, 1572 ; sheltered himself in the house of Walsingham ; quitted Paris as soon as the storm had subsided; at Frankfort, late in 1572 and early in 1573, where he became acquainted with the cele- brated Hubert Languet ; in Hungary, September, 1573 ; in Italy, winter 1573-74, to summer, 1574 ; then in Germany ; returned to England about the last of May, 1575. " He is said to have been invited to enrol himself among the candidates for the crown of Poland vacant, in 1585, by the death of Stephen Batliori." But Bathori did not die until after Sir Philip, in December, 1586. It may be, however, that Sidney was invited in 1574 to enrol himself as the candidate of the Christians against Bathori, who was supported by the Turks. At the entertainment given Queen Elizabeth by Leicester at Kenilwortli, in July, 1575; met his "Stella," Lady Penelope Devereux, in 1575 and 1576. About November, 1.576, sent by Elizabeth to condole with Rudolph II. on the death of his father, and with secret instructions to other Ger- man princes, to negotiate a union of the Protestant states against the Pope and Philip II.; and the subsequent success of the measure has been as- cribed to his arguments and address. He returned to England in 1577 ; was interested in Frobisher's voyage of 1578. Ednuind Spens?r dedicated " The Shepheard's Calendar " to him in 1579. It was probably in October, 1579, that he had his noted difficulty with the Earl of Oxford. In 1580 he lived quietly at Wilton, the seat of his brother-in-law, where he began to write his " Countess of Pembroke's Arcadia." M. P. for Kent in 1581 ; sat on a most select committee for de- vising new laws against the Pope and his adherents ; Hakluyt dedicated his " Divers Voyages " to Sidnej' in 1582. His " Stella " had married Lord Rich prior to September 9, 1582, on which day the Lady Penelope Rich, the old Lady Chandose, Mr. Pliilip Sidney, and Mr. Fulke Greville stood sponsors for the infant Penelope West, sister of Thomas West, afterwards governor of Virginia, and mother of Herbert Pelham, first treasurer of Harvard College, New England. January 13, 1583, Sidney was knighted at " Windesore, and was on that day lykewise installed for Duke John Cazimir, Conte Palatine, and Duke of Bavier." He married Fran- ces, daughter of Sir Francis Walsing- ham, about March, 1583; was interested in colonizing America as early as July, 1584 ; M. P. for Kent, 1584-85, and was on the committee for confirming Ralegh's patent, December, 1584. His own colonization schemes had taken definite shape prior to April, 1585 ; interested in the Roanoke col- ony, and Lane wrote to him from Virginia on the 12th of August, 1585, which letter he probably received in November, just before sailing for Flushing. He went aboard his fleet to sail for America in July, 1585; but the queen ordered him to return to court. November 7, 1585, appointed gov- ernor of Flushing, and on the 18th arrived there ; took Axel, July, 1586; saved the army at Gravelines ; wound- ed at Zutphen, September 22, 1586 ; died at Arnheim, October 17, 1586 ; buried in St. Paul's, London, February 16, 1587. " England, Netherland, the Heavens and the Arts, The Souldiers, and the World have made sixe parts Of the Noble Sidney. SIDNEY 1003 His Body hath England, for she it bred : Netlierluiid liis Bloiul, in her defence shed, The Hi^avens h;ive his Soule, the Arts have his Fanio : All SouliliiTs the Griefe ; the World his good Name."' Sidney, Sir Robert, Viscount Lisle, etc., 2. Sub. ; pel. £1)0. The second son of Sir Henry Sidney (see Sidney pedigree); born about 1555-56; received liis education large- ly under the direction of his celebrated uncle, Robert Dudley, Earl of Leices- ter, whom he accompanied to his gov- ernment of the Low Countries in De- cember, 1585, and continued to serve under him there until 15S7 ; a volun- teer at Doesbury in 158G, in which year he was knighted by " Roberte, Erie of Lecester in Hollande." In 1588 he was sent by Queen Elizabeth as ambassador to King James VI. of Scotland (afterwards James I. of England), to discover that prince's intentions with regard to the great schemes of Spain, and to secure the cooperation of tliat king against the Spanish Armada ; " by whom tha King returned answer to the Queen of his faithful friendship and love to her, and to the Religion, and that he hoped for no other beneht from the Spaniard than that which Polyphemus had promised Ulysses, namely, that when the rest were devoured, he should be swallowed last." About 1589 he was appointed gov- ernor of Flushing, "and Elizabeth kept him there several years sorely against his will; because she could not find a more efficient person to send in his place." Sent ambassador to Hen- ry IV. of France, December, 1593, to April, 1594; served in the Netherlands with Sir Francis Vere, and shared hon- ors with him in the victory achieved at Turnholt, in Brabant in 1597, where his gallant conduct was highly praised by Prince i\Laurice. James I. granted him many favors. April 22, 1C03, he was granted the offices of governor and ca])tain of Flushing during pleasure ; and at the first creation of peers by the king, he was elevated to the peerage as Baron Sydney of Penshurst. County Kent, by letters patent dated iMay 13, 1603. In June, liOS, Lord Sidney and Lord Southampton met the French ambassador. Marquis de Rosui, after- wards Duke de Sully, at Canterbury, and attended him to London, and on July 24 in the same year. Lord Sidney was appointed lord chamberlain to Queen Anne. May 4, 1605, he was created Viscount Lisle. M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. In 1()10 Robert Dowland published " A Musical Ban. ; pd. . (See sketch of Sir Thomas Smythe, the treasurer.) Hazlitt, in his " Collections and Notes " (1st series, p. 462), mentions a certain copy of " A Preparation to the Psalter [by George Wither], London. Im- printed by Nicholas Okes, KJIO," which was dedicated to Sir John Smith, "onely sonne to Sir Thomas Smith, governor of the E. I. Co.," etc., as con- taining " a long MS. paper in the autograph of Lord Strangford respect- ing his collateral ancestor," the said Sir John Smith. He was knighted at Whitehall, September 22, 1618. Smith, Sir John, 2. Sub. ; £26 133. 4d. Of Ostenhanger, Kent ; SMITH 1005 eldest brother of Sir Thomas Smith (see the Smith pedigree) ; born about 1554-56 ; married, about 1576-78, to Elizabeth, daughter and heir of Sir John Fineaux, of lierue, Kent (son of Sir John Fineaux, cliief justice of the King's Beneh) ; sheriff of Kent in 1600 ; knighted at tlie Charterhouse, May 11, 1603 ; died in 1601), leaving one son and two daughters. The son, Sir Tliomas Smith, was created Vis- count Strangford, July 17, 1628 ; one of the daughters married Sir Henry Neville, and one of Neville's daughters married Sir Thomas Lunsford, who went to Virginia and died there. Smith (Smythe, etc.), John, gent., 3. Sub. £75; pd. i^37i0s. Of Nibley, the historian of the Berkeleys; born in 1567; educated at the Free School of Derby, whence he came in 1584 to at- tend upon Thomas, the son and heir of Henry, seventeenth Lord Berkeley, at Callowden, near Coventry ; pursued his studies, with young Berkeley, under the tuition of Mr. Edward Cowper, of Trinity College, Oxford ; February, 1589, they entered Magdalen College, Oxford, where they remained three years, after which Smyth removed to the Middle Temple as a student of common law. On the completion of his studies at the Temple, Smith re- turned to the Barkeleys, and in 1598 became steward of tJie household ; was steward of the hundred and liberty of Berkeley in 1597, in which year he married the well-dowered widow of John Drew, Esq., and settled at North Nibley, four miles from Berkeley. In 1607 he built a new house, with the following letters engraved on a stone over the front entrance : — N. M. S. P. M. H. N. C. Which are the initials of the Latin couplet : — Nunc Mei, Sed Postea ^Mox Hnjua, Nescio Cujua. Which may be paraphrased thus ; — 'Tis mine to-day ; tomorrow (perliaps) my heir's ; But after, wliose ? Let liim reply who dares ! In 1609 his first wife died without issue, and he soon after married I^Iary, elder daughter of John Browning, of Coaley, wlio bore him five sons and four daughters. Besides the stewardship before men- tioned, Smyth held many other posi- tions requiring a knowledge of the law: as steward of the borough and manor of Tcjtbury, of the manor and hundred of Bosliam in Sussex, etc., and other prop- erties of the Berkeleys, whom he served faithfully. In 161'J he invested tifty siiillings in the lottery for Virginia, and some time after he subscribed sixpence towards a college to be erected there. In 1618 he thought of making a plan- tation in Virginia, and for that purpose formed a partnership with Sir W. Throckmorton, Sir (roorge Yardley, Richard Berkeley, and George Thorpe. On February 18, 1619, the remaining partners wrote to Sir George Yardley, governor of Virginia, " Since your de- parture, we have procured our patent for plantation in Virginia (a copy whereof we herewith send unto you, written by the Virginian boy of me, George Thorpe)." This indenture is dated February 3, 1618-19. In read- ing the company records, 1619-24, "Mr. John Smith " has been mistaken for " Captaine John Smith ; " but they were different men. Throckmorton, Berkeley, Thorpe, and Smith sent the Margaret, of Bristol, loaded with emi- grants and supplies to their plantation, " Berkeley Town and hundred," Sep- tember 16, 1619. On January 10, 1620, Yardley wrote from Virginia, declining to act as co-adventurer, lest it should interfere with his public em- ployment. He says, " The place as- signed for the new Berkeley is not on Lord De la Warr's land, as asserted by Capt. West." It was some five miles from Charles City (" City Point ") ; it was afterwards a seat of the Harri- sons, and President William H. Harri- son was born there. February 20, 1620, the Virginia Council sent an order to " ye Governor in Virginia to sett out 400 acres for Capt. Powle [Wm. Tracy's son-in-law] and Mr. John Smith ; " and on May 7, 1620, Sir William Throckmorton assigned to William Tracy his interest in '.ho. ])lan- tation ; August 28, 16i;0, qnadrupar- tite articles of agreement were entered into by the four adventurers of Berke- ley Hundred, namely, Richard Berke- ley, George Thorpe, William Tracy, and John Smith, of Nibley; Smith was an active member, and a regular at- tendant on the courts of the Va. Co., 1006 SMITH 1621-1623. He was member of Par- liament for Midhurst, January 30, 1621 to February 8, 1622 ; April 12, 1621, at a Virginia court, lie proposed " to have a fair and perspicuous history compiled of that country from her tirst discovery to this day." He does not mention Capt. John Smith in his list of worthies. April 30 following he bought three shares of land in Vir- ginia from Mr. Downes. February 4, 1623, " Mr. John Smith said, that having spent upon Virginia a very great matter he did by God's blessing hope to receive this year a great quantity of tobacco." He had spent a gi'eat deal upon Virginia, as his papers show. These papers are now advertised for sale by Mr. Quaritch, 15 Piccadilly, London, England, in his Catalogue No. 87, as " Virginia Pa- pers : . . . originally collected by one of the early Adventurers, John Smyth of Nibley (the author of the ' Lives of the Berkeleys ') . . . from the C'holmondeley collection, at Condover Hall, Shropshire. £150." Among these papers are several which were sent to John Smith, in England, by Ben Har- ryson, the clerk of the court inVirgiiila, about 1634. He evidently retained in- terests in Virginia. Fosbroke says that " Smith became a violent Puri- tan ; " but Mr. James Herbert Cooke, F. S. A., says, " There is not the slightest evidence of this in his writ- ings, and there are many expressions and allusions in his works which ex- hibit an entirely different feeling." He died in 1641, and was buried in Nibley Church. Among his manuscript works were " Lives of the Berkeleys," in three volumes, folio, containing 933 closely- written pages ; " Description of the Hundred of Berkeley," in one folio volume of 426 pages; " History of the Borough and Manor of Tetbury ; " " History of the Manor and Hundred of Bosham in Sussex ; " a folio volume of the " Tenures by Knight's service under the Berkeleys;" the "Virginia P. Dozens of biographies have been written of Capt. John Smith ; but they are generally based on the accounts furnished by himself. The world has been searching for data regarding him for two hundred years, but has found little beside what he tells us in his own works, and unfor- tunately his own story of his life can- not be relied on. It is true that the accuracy of all of his statements can- not be tested ; but enough can be, to make it evident that all must be, be- fore they can be safely taken for use in accurate history or biography. He was the eldest son of George and Alice Smith, poor tenants of Pere- grine Bertie, Lord Willoughby ; was baptized at Willoughby, January 6, 1579 (O. S.). His father died in April, 1596, when his mother was still liv- ing ; yet he tells us that " his parents died when he was about thirteene yeeres of age." Peregrine Bertie left England to travel abroad after June 26, 1599, and Stuhl Weissenburg was stormed early in September, 1601. In this period of a little over two years, he tells that he first went abroad to attend Master Peregrine Barty into France. From Paris to the Low Countries, where he served " three or foure yeeres ; " then to Scotland, was "ship-wracked," etc. ; then returned to Willoughby, where he studied Marcus Aurelius and " Ma- chiavills Art of Warre," etc. ; then to the Low Countries again ; then to France, Italy, etc., having wonderful adventures everywhere ; was throwne into the sea to appease a storm as a " Hugonoit " and a " Pyrat ; " but rode the storm - tossed waves, and " gat safe to shoree ; " took part in " a desperate seafight in the straights." Then to the distant wars against the Turks, where he saici he " releeved Olumpagh by a stratagem of Lights " (which " strange invention " of Smith's will be found in William Bourne's " Inventions " of 1578), and some time thereafter distinguished himself at the siege of " Stowlle Wesenburg." Caniza was taken October 22, 1600, and Smith says Olumpagh was be- sieged immediately after. Thus with- in about eighteen months of time he pretended to have had at least five years of adventure. After Stuhl Weissenburg was taken, in Septem- SMITH 1007 ber, 1601, the troops with whom Smith says he was were sent to Gen. George Basti in Transylvania, where they soon revolted, not as Smith says, because they preferred " to serve Sigisn)undus against the Turke, rather than Biisca against Sigisninnd," for Sigisniund was not fighting against the Turke ; but because they understood that Sigis- mund had rallied " beyond all beluefe of men," since iiis defeat at Moitiu, and was coming against the imperial army under Basti with a great army of Polonians, Turks, and Tartars." Un- der these circumstances, says Knolles, they revolted, " saying their first oath was to their natural Prince (for most of these men were Transil- vanian borne) rather than to the Em- peror a foreign Prince." Smith also tells us that Sigisniund rewarded him for killing three Turks in a series of most remarkable single combats at a time when Sigisniund and the Turks were allies. It is useless to follow him farther in the wars of Transyl- vania. I have found no mention of him in the accounts of those wars, save in the narrative furnished by himself, and according to this narra- tive it seems certain that he really served for a time with troops who were the allies of the Turk against the Christian. While Smith's narra- tive is not trustworthy, it is very curi- ous, and it will be found interesting to take his story, and supply it with the correct names and dates. His "Duke Mercury" is the Duke de Mercoeur ; " Georgio Busea " is the celebrated Albanian general, George Basti; " Zachel Moyses " is Moses Tzekely. The three Bathori brothers are sometimes classed as Turkish adven- turers, but they were probably Tran- sylvanians. (See the sketch of Sir Philip Sidney for some reference to the elder brother, Stephen Bathori.) I do not know when Captain Smith returned to England, neither do I know where he returned from, whether from Ireland or Africa. He does not mention being in Ireland, but he must have been there before he came to Virginia, for Wingfield says, ** It was proved to Smith's face that he had begged in Ireland like a rogue, without a lycence ; to such I would not my name should be a companyon." The law at that time required beggars to be licensed, and of course it was consid- ered " like a rogue " to beg, illegally, without one. Smith tells lis that he was interested in the Virginia enterprise for two years before they sailed in December, IGDo. He also says he would have been a party in Charles Leigh's South American colony, "but bee dyed," etc. Leigh's death was first known in England in the summer of 1605. Smith was sent to Virginia by the company in their first expedition, which left The Downs in January, 1607. He was implicated in " Gal- thorpe's open and confessed mutiny," and was restrained as a prisoner from February to June 10, 1607, having in the mean time arrived in Virginia. He was admitted to the council and sworn on the 10th of June, 1(307. On September 10, 1607, " the Triumvi- rate," Ratcliffe, Martin, and Smith, deposed Wingfield, not only from the presidency, but from the council also ; and Martin and Smith elected Ratcliffe. Smith was acting as Cape Merchant from September to about the 16th of December, 1607, when he was taken prisoner by the Indians, " and by the means of his guide, his lief was saved." I suppose this guide was the "stout young man called Ocanindge " (CCXLV. p. 83), who in 1609 re- minded Smith of the " paines he tooke to save his life, when he was a pris- oner." After a captivity of sixteen to nineteen days Smith was returned to Jamestown on the morning of Janu- ary 2, 1607, when the council, under the lead of Archer, condemned him to be hanged as being the cause of the death of Emry and Robinson ; but Captain Newport arriving that night, he was released. He brought wonderful ac- counts of a ready way to the great South Sea, of mines, and of Ralegh's / lost colony. Knowing the Indian X — character as we now do, it seems very probable that Smith was really spared to be used as a decoy. By these tales the Indians hoped to induce the colo- nists to make long expeditions into the wilds where they could be easily cut off and destroyed. Smith and Scrivener (the only other members of the council), it seems from Y 1008 SMITH his account, deposed Ratcliffe either about the 22d of July or ou the 10th of September (Smith gives both dates), 1608, aud elected Smith to the presi- dency, who had given the colonists "the good hope that our Bay had stretched into the South Sea." He remained president until he was ar- rested in September, 1G09, and was soon after sent to England " to answer some miademeanors." Captain Smith did not carry the first colonists to Virginia ; he landed there himself " as a prisoner." He did not su23port the colony there by his exer- tions ; the colonists were dependent on England for supplies ; they were succored by every vessel that arrived during his stay in Virginia, and at no time were they found to be more in need than when Argall arrived in July, 1609, during Smith's own presi- dency. So long as he stayed, the col- ony was rent by factions, in which he was an active instrument. Instead of making Jamestown a relief station and plantation, as it was intended to be, he was constantly taking off the men from their duties there, going on voyages to discover mines, the South Sea, etc., all of which, I am sure, can be easily proven. He not only failed to give satisfaction to his employers, but he gave great dissatisfaction, and was never employed by the Council of the Va. Co. again. He was in Eng- land from December, 1609, to March, 1614. The troubles and misfortunes of the dark days of 1611-12 caused many (who were evidently ignorant of the true state of affairs) to place confidence in Smith's claims, and un- der their patronage his reason for the cause of " the defailement " (CCXLV.) was published, which work proves that he did not even know tlie real causes which produced the troubles ; but the generality in England knew no better, and this tract probably gained for him the favor of four London merchants, not members of the Va. Co., who sent him on a voyage with Captain Hunt to our New England coast, March to August, 1614. Some members of the North Va. Co. gave him ample oppor- tunity to prove his assertions of his proficiency, and from June to Novem- ber, 1615, he was on his so-called " sec- ond voyage for New England ; " but this rival (in his own imagination) of " Sampson, Hercules, and Alexander the Great," was taken prisoner at sea by a French vessel, while his own vessel and crew escaped. After this remarkable event, his self-assertions failed to have any value with business men, and he was never sent from Eng- land again, although he seems to have constantly sought employment abroad. For the remainder of his life he was " a paper tiger " at home in Old Eng- land. His " Description of New Eng- land " was published in 1616 ; "New England's Trials " in 1620, and a sec- ond edition in 1622. In May, 1621, when the company of Virginia was under a diffei'ent management from that under which Smith served, and probably encouraged thereto by the fact that it was not friendly to the former administration, Smith pre- sented a petition for a reward for ser- vices rendered, " as he allegeth" in Virginia, which was referred "to the committees appointed for rewarding of men upon merits." He tells us himself that he failed to get anything. (This petition, it seems, is the only appearance of Capt. John Smith in the Virginia records of 1619-24. See John Smith, of Nibley). "The His- tory of Virginia, the Summer Islands, and Newe England " was published in 1624 (see hereafter). He was never knighted, although it has been so stated. His arms were not granted for his services in America. William Segar, the king of arms of England, in August, 162.5 (nearly a generation after the services are "alleged" to have been rendered, in a distant land), certified that he had seen Sigismund's patent, and had had a copy thereof recorded in the Herald's Office. I believe Segar did see it ; but I have no idea that Sigismund ever did. Segar must have been imposed upon as he was when he granted " the royal arms of Arragon with a canton of Brabant to Brandon, the common hang- man of London," for, as I have said, the Turks were Sigismund's allies when Smith claimed to have killed them, and Sigismund had no legal right to sign an instrument as " Duke of Transilvania, Wallachia," etc., in December, 1603. SMITH 1009 " Smith published "An Accidence or pathwaye of Experience, etc.," in 16*26 j " The True Travels, Adventures . . . from 1593 to 1629, with a continuation of the General History from 162-1 to 1629," in 1630; "Advertisements for the unexperienced planters of New England or anywhere," in 1631, in which lie tells us that he had " lived ueere 37 yeares in the midst of wars, pestilence and famine." lie was then about 50 years old, and had evidently lived over forty years quietly in Old England. He died June 21, 1631. By his will " he required Thomas Packer to disburse about his funerall, the somme of twentie poundes " (which was about one fourth of his estate); and he was buried in " Saint Sepul- cher's " Church, London, " on the South Side of the Quire " where a table (i. e., a wooden tablet) was hung containing an inscription very suitable to his character. Thomas Packer was a clerk of the privy seal and of the Court of Re- quests, an ancient court of equity in England for the recovery of small debts between citizens and freemen. Captain Smith gave Packer, by will, his interests in the county of Lincoln, in consideration of eighty pounds ; payable, £20 in his lifetime, and the balance after his death. It seems probable that the £-0 was to pay some debt for which Smith was then being sued before the Court of Requssts. While the vain character of Captain Smith is amply shown in his own com- pilations, it can be readily understood why he must have been for many years an object of especial interest in England, and why this interest in him should increase to a sympathy which would in the hearts of some get the better of their judgment. The plant- ing of the colonies in America was an all-absorbing topic of tiie time; their perils and misfortunes were tragedies of the period; and Smith imagined that these colonies were all " pigs of his sow." He tells us himself, in 1630, that " scarce five of those who first went with me to Virginia remain alive." For many years he was prol)- ably the only one of those first sent to Virginia under Newport, in December, 1606, living in England; under these circumstances, Smith must have been an object of the greatest interest, and a welcome guest by the heartli of many of the gentry of Old England, where " his twice told tales " afforded amusement and interest, or aroused sympathy; and we can easily forgive him for compiling a romance, with himself as his hero, without accept- ing his story as a trustworthy history of the founding of the first English Protestant colony in America. " The History of Virginia, The Summer" Hands and newe England by John Smith," was entered at Stationers' Hall for publication, July 12, 1624, and probably issued from the press soon after. The publishers seem to have found it hard to work off this book; a fresh title-page is given to it in 1626, another in 1627, and two others in 1632 ; but the text remains the same. It was for about 225 years almost the only source of information regarding our beginning. The first Book relates to America before 1606, and is compiled from the works of Hakluyt, Hariot, Brereton, Rosier, and others, and by collating these with Smith, his style of compil- ing will be apparent. The tortuous method which obtains in all of his works has constantly led the historians who have attempted to follow him into errors. The second Book, is a description of the country, etc., nearly as in CCXLIV. The third Book is based on CCXLV. That part of the fourth Book which relates to the period of which I am writing is compiled from the last part of CCXLV., and from CXL., CLXXI., CCCXXVIL, and CCCXLIL, and also from the narrative of William Box, which I have not found. Smith certainly did not compile from, or have access to, the records of the Va. Co. His History is perfectly described by Capt. George Percy in a letter to the Earl of Northum- berland, in which Percy says : " The author bathe not spared to aproi)riate many deserts to himselfe wliich he never performed, and stuffed liis rela- cyons with many falsities and maly- cyous detractyons." The truth of these charges can be easily proven- Even when compiling from a pub- lished narrative he does not hesitate 1010 SMITH to insert his own name, or a favorable reference to himself, where there was none. For his own purposes, he takes events of several years and bunches them all together, or an event of one year and assigns it to another year. He evidently appropriated to himself incidents in several publications and in the lives of many other men. How- ever, I do not attribute all of Ids er- rors to selfish motives. I believe that many are attributable to his lack of knowledge of the facts. He was cer- tainly incapable of writing correct his- tory where he was personally inter- ested, and after he left Virginia he evidently knew no more of the facts than the generality in England. He was really in no way properly qualified, or properly equipped, for writing a disinterested and accurate history of the great movement. We are told that Smith was not the author of his History, that it consisted of narratives written by others. All histories must be largely compiled from the narratives written by others; but when a man sets to work to collect and publish matter to prove that he is one of the greatest men of his time, and that his peers were mere mar- plots, and calls his compilation a his- tory, his evidence must be presented in the most straightforward, clear, and distinct way, it must be of the highest character and of the most undoubted accuracy, for a tortuous, vainglorious, and prevaricating compilation must be really the strongest possible evidence against that man ; and this is a ease in point. Smith's so-called History of Virginia is not a liistory at all; but chiefly an eulogy of Smith and a lam- poon of his peers. And it is seldom, indeed, that we can safely turn a man loose in the field of his own biography. Smith's position in our early liistory is a remarkable illustration of the maxim, " I care not who fights the battles, so I write the dispatches." Tlie establishing of an English col- ony in America was a vast work, re- quiring the constant support of the king, the purse of the people, and the careful management of the greatest business men of that period for ten long years of " constant and patient resolution." On the other hand. Smith was a mere adventurer; one of the very smallest contributors; an agent of the company in Virginia less than two and a half years ; in command there about one year ; failed to give satisfac- tion ; sent home to answer for his mis- demeanors, and was never again even employed by the South Va. Company. The managers of the enterprise had for their own use ample maps, descrip- tions, and accounts; but it was against the interest of the colonies to make public their affairs, and no history was compiled from their records. ]SIo one who had ever taken the official oath could reveal or publish anything re- garding the colonies in Virginia, with- out authority from the council, unless he broke his oath and betrayed his trust, and Capt. John Smith was prob- ably the only official, or ex-official, who did this. He published " the dispatches ; " took possession of the history which others made and turned it to his own service; and it came to pass that for over 200 years these " dispatches " were " almost the only source from which we derived any knowledge of the infancy of our coun- try." I acknowledge that I am anx- ious to enable the reader to do justice to the real founders of this country, because, as the result of a remarkable chain of circumstances, great injustice has been done them; yet I certainly do not wish to be unjust to Smith. I have weighed well every scrap of evi- dence within my reach before arriv- ing at the opinions herein given of him and of his so-called " General His- tory." The counter-evidence now available makes it perfectly certain that the true history of our foundation is really grand. Smith, Jonathan. Pd. £12 10s. Smith, Othowell, fishmonger, 2. Sub. £62 10s.; pd. £12 6s. 8d. Smith, Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Smith, Sir Richard, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Leeds Castle ; brother of Sir Thomas Smythe, treasurer, etc. (see pedigree) ; knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603; receiver of the Duchy THOMAS WEST Third Huron Delavari SMITH 1011 of Cornwall ; M, P. Hythe, 1614; sur- veyor-general to Prince Charles; mem- ber of the Privy Conncil ; pnruhased the estate of Leeds Castle from Sir Warhani St. Leger. " He married three wives who were widows: " first, Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Thomas Scott of Scot's Ilall, and widow of John Knatchbiill, Esq. (see Scott pedigree) ; secondly, Jane, daughter of John White, Esq., of London, and widow of Samuel Thornhill, Es(j. The name of his third wife, who sur- vived him, is not known to me. By his first wife he had a son, John, and two daughters ; by his second, an only child, Mary, and by his tliird wife an only child, Margaret. " In 1627 he gave in stock for provision of Sea- Coals for the Poor of the Parish of St. Stephen, Coleman Street, London, £100 every year, to be returned for the use of the poor forever. And an- other £100 afterwards for the relief of the poor also." He died July '21, 1628, in his 63d year leaving behind him " £lr,jOO a year in land, and £6,000 in money, plate, and goods; he hath given a little dwarf daughter of his £2,500, and £3L)l) a year in land." (D'Ewes' Journal.) His son John, knighted at Whitehall, February 28, 1617, was seated at Leeds Castle. Smith, Robert, merchant - tailor, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. " Born at Market Harborough in Leicestershire ; became controller of the chamber of London, and one of the four attorneys in the Mayor's Court." He is spoken of as the " under chamberlain " in the records of the Va. Co. In June, 1622, bought two additional shares in Virginia from Francis Carter ; gave £7oO, to purchase lands for the main- tenance of a lecturer in the town of his nativity; one of Fuller's Worthies of Leicestershire ; but Fuller errs in placing his death in 1618, as he was an active member of the Va. Co. for sev- eral years after that date. pAt/^hSln^' Smith — Smyth, Captain Roger. He was captain of an infantry com- pany under Sir Francis Vere in the Netherlands in 1592 ; " served for 12 or 13 years in the wars in the Low Countries ; " first went to Virginia probably in 1616, and after remaining there " about some three years " sailed for England on the George in Novem- ber, 1619 ; complained of Governor Yeardley to the court of the Va. Co., March 15, 1620 ; signed the petition to have some man of (piality sent gov- ernor to Virginia; " recommended to be a gentleman very sufficient for im- ployment in Virginia; " was employed by the company, and again sailed for Virginia on board the Abigail in Feb- ruar}^, 1621 ; was appointetl to be of the Council in Virginia, July 24, 1621. The Indians killed five men near his plantation in Cliarles City, in the massacre of March 22, 1622 ; in April, 1623, he was engaged in building a strong block -house ; married the widow of John Rolfe ; was living with his wife in James City in January, 1625 ; still living and still a member of the Council in Virginia, November 30, 1629. Smythe Pedigree. — John ^ Smythe of Corsham, County Wilts, esquire, married Joan, daughter of Robert Brouncker, of Melksham, esquire, and died in 1538, leaving five sous and three daughters. Elizabeth -^ Smythe, the youngest daughter, married Symon Horspoole, citizen and draper of London, and of tlie ancient Wool Staple ; Merchant Adventurer of the Old Hanse and Mns. companies ; sheriff of London, 1591 ; died January 14, 1601, aged 75. Their son, William Horspoole, married, in May, 1602, Mary, daughter of Lau- rence Washington, Es(j., by his first wife, Martha, daughter of Clement Newce, of Great Hadham, Herts ; wliich Laurence married, secondly, Mary, the mother of Sir Samuel Ar- gall, with whom Sir Thomas Smythe was tluis connected through the Wash- ingtons. But it is the line of Thomas -, second son of John ^ Smythe, aforesaid, in which we are chiefly interested. Smythe or Smith, Thomas^. Was born about 1520 ; " Collector of the Queen's Majesties Subsidy for tonage and poundage, and fai-mer for the Custome and Subsidy inwards ; " com- monly called " Mr. Customer Smythe." 1012 SMITH A raan of large wealth, seated at Os- tenhanger in Kent, at the coming of the Sjjanish Armada in 1588, he lent the queen £1,000. He mairied Alice, daughter and heiress of Sir Andrew Judde, Lord Mayor of London, by whom he ac- quired the manors of Ashford and Westure ; died June 7, 1591, and was buried in the church at Ashford, hav- ing had issue seven sons and six daughters, namely : — 1. Andrew Smythe, died young. 2. Sir John Smythe. 3. Sir Thomas Smythe. 4. Henry Smythe, died before 1591. 5. Sir Richard Sniythe. 6. Robert Smythe. 7. Simon Smythe, slain at Cadiz in 1596. 1. Mary Smythe, married " Robert Davys, Esq., Receiver for Wales." (Were they the parents of Captains Robert and James Davies ?) 2. Ursula Smythe, married Simon Harding, of London, gent. 3. Jane Smythe, married Thomas Fanshawe, Esq., of Ware Park (his second wife), which Thomas was re- membrancer of the exchequer to Queen Elizabeth from 1568 to his death, February 19, 1601. By his first wife, Mary, daughter of Anthony Bonrchier, he was the father of Hen- ry Fanshawe, who married his second wife's youngest sister. 4. Catherine Smythe, married, first, Sir Rowland Hayward ; secondly, Sir John Scott. 5. Alice Smythe, married Sir Wil- liam Harris. 6. Elizabeth Smythe, married Sir Henry Fanshawe. One of the sisters died before October 12, 1616, on which day Chamberlain wrote to Carleton, " Lady Fansliawe and her four sisters are all widows together." Smith (or Smythe), Sir Thomas, skinner, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £165. Third son of " Mr. Customer Smythe " (see pedigree). He was the first treasurer of the Va. Co. of London. Was born about 1558 ; was educated at Oxford ; at an early age became a prominent man; so much so that from 1580 to the death of his father in 1591, it is sometimes very hard to distin- guish between father and son, each being a leading man of affairs, and each having the same name ; but it was probably the sou who was an incorporator of the Turkey Company in 1581 ; " a principal member of the Russia Company in 1587 ; " at whose house Hood lectured in 1588 ; and the first on the list of those to whom Ralegh assigned (on March 7, 1589) his interest in Virginia, " saving only the fifth part of gold and silver ore." In 1591 he is said to have succeeded his father as master of the customs, and the same year he aided in sending ships to the East Indies ; at Cadiz in 1596, his brother Simon was killed, and he was knighted by Essex for gallantry ; 1599, Hood's lecture dedi- cated to him ; aided in organizing an expedition to (he Fast Indies ; 1600, "Alderman Sir Thomas Smith," an incorporator and first governor of the East India Company ; sheriff of Lon- don, 1600-01 ; February 8, 1601, at the " Insurrection of Essex," the earl drank at his house ; he was a captain of the tiained bands of London and a friend of Essex, who, it is said, ex- jjccted Smith to join him with a thou- sand trained men, and he was after- wards placed in prison on suspicion ; released from the Tower about Sep- tember, 1C02. On the 13th of May, 1603, knighted at the Tower by King James, who regarded the friends of Essex as his friends. March 19, 160-^, appointed ambassador to Russia, and entered on his journey there, June 12, 1604 ; in Russia at the time of the death of Boris Godunof, " The great Lord and Cffisar" (Czar), and at the arrival of the celebrated Demetrius, the pretender, in 1605, " who was very favourable to the English." Return- ing lie sailed from " Archangell " in the White Sea in August, and arrived in England about the iOth of Septem- ber, 1605. "An account of his voyage and entertainement in Russia " was published in London, probably without his consent, in 1605 and 1607. M. P. for Dunwich from 1604 to 1611; M. C. for Virginia, November 20, 1606. In 1607 John Niclioll dedicated to him " An Houre Glasse of Indian Newes." In 1609 William Philip dedicated "to Sir Thomas Smith, Knight," the translation of the three voyages of Gerald De Veer. In the same year the Phcenix was dedi- SMITH 1013 cated to Sarah, wife to Sir Thomas Smith, knight, and Catherine, wife to Sir Jolin Scott, knight, and signed, " Humbly devoted to your Ladyships, Tho. Dekker ; " and the Dove was inscribed to Sir Thomas Smith, and signed, " Ever bounden to your wor- ship, Tho. Dekker." M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. He subscribed £75 to tlie enterprise ; but was one of those wlio paid even beyond their proportion, in order to uphold that plantation ; he paid £165 ($4,125). His services, in establishing a colony in Virginia, and thus securing a footiiold for England in America, cannot be overestimated. The enter- prise rested largely upon his shoulders through the darkest hours. And yet, most unfortunately, the history of his administration has been based almost entirely on the unfriendly evidence of his opponents. July 4, 1609, Sir Thomas Smythe was again elected governor of the E. I. Co., " who for his pains in serving as governor for five years, and in pro- curing the first (December 31, 1600) and second (May 11, 1609) patents is gratified with £500, besides £150, lately paid by his order to Mr. Far- rington ; but he utterly refused to take the oath of governor until the company took back £250, the residue his worship kindly yielded to take " "December 30, 1609, the King, Queen, and Prince Henry went this morning to the launch of the great Indian ship of above 1,200 ton, newly built by our East Indian merchants, and had a bountiful banquet; at which the king graced Sir Thomas Smythe, the governor, with a very faire chaine of gold, in manner of a collar, better than £200, with a jewell wherein was the King's picture hanging at it, and the king put it about his neck with his own hands, naming the ship The Trade's Increase." " Delicates " were served in fine china dishes, and the dishes were freely permitted to be car- ried away by all the guests. March 19, 1610, by order of a court marshal, he was given precedency over certain knights more ancient than lie, because he had had the honor to stand covered in the presence of a king (the Emperor of Russia). In 1610, himself and others set forth Henry Hudson to discover the North- west passage, and Jonas Poole to Cherry Island. In 1611 they set forth Jonas Poole on a voyage of disco veiy to Green- land. In 1612 they set forth Capt. Thomas Button, Master Francis Nel- son, etc., to discover a Northwest passage. July 26, 1612, he was an incorporator and the first governor of the N. W. P. Co. -He was the treas- urer for the Bermudas Islands from the time they were taken in hand by the Va. Co. of London until Novem- ber 25, 1612, when the island was sold to Sir William Wade and others. Smith's Islands, near Cape Charles, Virginia, generally supposed to be named for Capt. John Smith, were really named for Sir Thomas, as were many other capes, sounds, forelands, etc., on the face of the earth. His name was justly engrafted on land and water in the highest latitudes reached by man in his day. In 1613 he and others set forth seven good ships for Greenland (Spitz- bergen), and on the map which accom- panies the account of the voyage, we find Sir Tho : Smith's Bay and Prince Charles I., in 79° N. Lat., and Sir Tho" Smith's Inlet about 80° N. Lat. In this year he was governor of the Mus. Co., as he was many years be- fore and many years after ; but, for exactly what years, I cannot say, as the records of that company have been destroyed. M. P. for Sandwich in 1614, iu which Parliament he protected the in- terests of the E. I. and the Va. com- panies. " The courts, consultations, etc., for the East Indies, Vii-ginia, Summer Islands, North and North- west discoveries, Muscovia, etc., were kept at his house." He was then the head of every one (and a founder of most of them) of the English com- panies directly interested in foreign colonies and commerce, which have ever since been the chief sources of the wealth and power of Great Britain. July 5, 1614, he asked to be excused from being chosen governor of the E. I. Co., " on account of his long ser- vice, his age and health ; " but the com- pany insisted on electing him again. June 29, 1615, one of the incorpo- rators, and the first governor, of the 1014 SMITH B. I. Co. ; again chosen governor of the E. I. Co., and gratified with 1,000 marks for his extraordinary care and pains during the past year. He was sick during this year, and Dr. Atkins, who attended hiin, was admitted into the E. I. Co. gratis, on account of his attention to the governor. Sir Dudley Digges addressed his " Defence of Trade " to Sir Thomas Smith, knight, etc., and alluded to him as " his kins- man." He aided in sending Robert Fotherbie to the northwards, who named an island in the Northern sea for him. About 1G13 he sent, among other things, his picture to the Great Mogul of India, by William Ed- wardes, and in 1615 Sir Q homas Roe found this picture hanging in the Great Mogul's court, " who esteemed it for a jewel." His engraved portrait " was originally prefixed," so Granger says, " to the dedication of Woodall's * Surgeon's Mate,' which is addressed to Sir Thomas Smith " (see John Woodall). In 161G he aided in sending Robert Bileth, master, and William Baffin, pilot, on the fifth voyage for a discov- ery of the Northwest passage ; in this voyage they discovered Sir Thomas Smith's Sound to the north of 78°, which is "admirable in one respect, because in it is the greatest variation of the compass of any part of the world known." While he was the constant patron of the celebrated voy- agers of the period, it must not be forgotten that he was also, from early manhood to his death, a constant pa- tron of men of science, as Hood, Wright, etc. "July 16, 1616, War- rant to pay to Sir Thos. Smythe and the East India Company the usual bounty for building thi-ee large ships." March 12, 1617, he assembled the merchant trading companies together at the wish of the king, to see what could be done to fit out a fleet against the Turkish pirates. " They think £20,000 a year for two years might be raised from merchants, but leave the directions to the Council." June 23, 1618, he was appointed one of the commissioners of the navy, and lield that office (in which, as usual, lie performed valuable service for his country) to his death in 1625. About the middle of November, his son John married the Lady Isabella Rich, a sister of the second Earl of Warwick. On November 28, 1618, Chamberlain wrote to Carleton, " It falles out true that I wrote the last weeke that S' Thomas Smith's sonne had maried the Lady Isabella Rich, without his father's consent or privitie, and the affront is the more, beeing don in so goode companie, as the Countesse of Bedford, with divers other Ladies and persons of account, whereof the Lord Chamberlain (William Herbert, third Earl of Pembroke) gave the bride ; but not one of his frends or kindred present or made acquainted withall ; which is thought a straunge thing that so great a man and a coun- saillor shold geve countenance to such an action as the robbing a man of his only child, a youth of 18 yeares old (for he is no more) and sure I have seen the time that such a matter could not have ben so caried." The Rev. Thomas Lorkin wrote to Sir Thomas Puckering, that the " Lord Chamber- lain sent for his own chaplain, to Bar- nard Castle, to marry them." " So they were jjresently married ; and from thence conducted to my Lord of South- ampton's to dinner, and to my Lady Bedford's to bed, where all was con- summate. But the father is a heavy man to see his son bestowed without his privity and consent." It often happens that some private transaction like this has a direct bearing on public affairs, and this had a direct bearing on the bitter factions which afterwards obtained in the Va. Co. On the 1st of January, 1619, the trouble began between Lord Rich and the E. I. Co. regarding the taking of two of the said lord's ships by Cap- tain Pring in the Indian Ocean, and this suit also bred ill-will for a time between the Lord Rich (soon after, second Earl of Warwick), and his party, and the officers of the E. I. Co. " On Saturday, Jaiuiary 30, Sir Thomas Smythe's house at Deptford was burnt down to the ground, and nothing saved that was in it, except the people, who escaped narrowly ; " but in the same year the Marquis Tremonille, ambassador extraordinary from France, with a train of one hun- dred and twenty persons, was lodged in his house in Philpot Lane, London. SMITH 1015 April 28 he declined to stand as a candidate for treasurer of the Va. Co.; he said, " For these twel\ e yeares he hath willingly spent liis labors and endeavors for tlie support thereof," and asked " the court to showe him so much favor as now to dispence with him, and to elect some worthy uum in his place for he had resolved to relin- quish it." The \ a. Co. was now di- vided into tlu'ee chief parties : first, the lords and most of the gentlemen, under the lead of Robert ilicli, Karl of Warwick ; second, many of the merchants, especially those of the E. I. Co., with Sir Thomas Smith at the head; and third, "the faction of the auditors," under Sir Edwin Sandys. There was a strong opposition (or jealousy) developing in certain quar- ters to the merchants of the E. I. Co. (probably because they were growing so rich), and the first and third par- ties had agreed to concentrate their strength on one man, Sir Edwin Sandys, while the second party, not suspecting such political strategy, put- ting up two candidates (.A.lderman Johnson and Sir John WoLstenholme), were taken by surprise and easily de- feated, Sandys receiving fifty - nine balls, Wolstenholme tweuty-tlu'ee, and Johnson eighteen. The same plan was carried out in the election of deputy, the first and third parties uniting on John Ferrar, while the second divided on Johnson .and Cletheroe. Early in May, Smythe was again chosen governor of the S. I. Co. Chamberlain wrote to Carleton on May 8, " The Virginian Company have displaced Sir Thomas Smith, and made Sir Edwin Sandys their governor. But the matter is little amended, when at the next co\irt, they confirmed Sir Thomas Smith in his presidentship of the Bermudas or Summer Islands ; for I could hardly tell how to resolve, if it were put to my choice." May 28 the Va. Co. gratified Smythe with a gift of 2,000 acres of land in Vii'ginia. Jul}' 2 he was again chosen governor of the E. I. Co. In December, 1C18, he had agreed to give his son and " his new daughter' in-law " an annuity of £1,600 ; but the affair continued to grate, and in July, 1619, for some rea- son, " young Sir John Smythe stepped aside, and went over secretly into France." In this year William PhUip dedicated to Sir T. Smith " The Rela- tion of a wonderfuU voiage made by William Cornelison Schouten." May 17, 1620, he was one of those recommended by James I. to the Va. Co. for their treasurer. On the same day the name of " Smythe's hundred " in Virginia, which had been named fop him, was changed to " Southampton hundred." The Earl of Warwick, who formerly opposed him, saw his error, and became friendly to him ; but the first party under Southampton and the third under Sandys remained united and controlled the Va. Co., and on June 28 the Earl of Southampton was chosen treasurer. Smythe was again chosen governor of the E. I. and S. I. companies in 1620. He was M. P. for Saltash, 1621-22. In May, 1621, the Earl of Southampton succeeded him as governor of the S. I. Co. July 4r, at the election for gov- ernor of the E. I. Co., "expressing his own weakness of body, he begged the company would spare him, that they should see he could as well obey as command, and was an adventurer of almost £20,000." Notwithstand- ing this request, some of his friends gave him a very complimentary vote, and while Alderman Hallidaie was chosen governor for the year ensuing, " Smythe was entreated to assist at consultations, and authorized to have a voice in the courts." He was now grown old in the most remarkable business career that ever fell to the lot of man. He had been in bad health for many years, especially since 1615, and had long wished to relieve himself of several of his many cares. He continxied his interest in Virginia, and the committees frequently met at his house ; but affairs were very dis- couraging, the dissensions in the com- pany continued, and the breach grew wider, until no hands clasped across the chasm. Very smiliar " disturb- ances " were agitating the E. I. Co. at the same time from nearly the same causes, created by some of the same men. The old merchants said they were produced by "gentlemen who, having been taken into the com- 1018 SMITH panies by courtesy, do aim to get all the gove lament into their hands, which is a business proper only for mer- chants," while the other party thought that " Noblemen and gentlemen were fittest for the management of such undertakings." Chamberlain wrote to Carleton on April 11), 1(31:3, " There is a great faction fallen out in the Virginia Com- pany. The heads on the one side are, the Earl of Southampton, tlie Lord Cavendish, Sir Edward Sackville, Sir John Ogle, Sir Edwin Sandys, with divers others of meaner quality. On the other side are, the Earl of War- wick, Sir Thomas Smith, Sir Nathan- iel Rich, Sir Henry Mildma^^, Alder- man Johnson, and many more." On Jidy 26, he wrote : " The factions in the Va. and S. I. companies are grown so violent, as Guelfs and Gebellines were not more animated one against another ; and they seldom meet upon the Exchange, or in the streets, but they brabble and quarrel : so that, if that society be not dissolved the soon- er, or cast in a new mould, worse effects may follow than the whole busi- ness is worth." It was also asserted •' that all their meetings and consulta- tions seemed rather cockpits than courts." These men were evidently in no condition to furnish material for disinterested and accurate history. Such evidence as the Sandys faction wished to present to the public is still preserved in the two volumes of Va. Co. Records (1019-24) now in the library of Congress at Washington, and on the faith of this evidence the progress of the colony under the man- agement of that faction has been drawn in the brightest contrast to the dark days of the foundation period ; but our founders are certainly entitled to a hearing, also, before we can have any just right to condemn them. The Smythe faction said that Sandys and Ferrar, who were managing af- fairs, were men "of discourse and contemplation and not of reason and judgement." Sandys justly prided himself on his eloquence (he was a noted speaker), and Ferrar on his dic- tion ; but the old merchants were able to present their case in a plain busi- ness way, which to King James seemed unanswerable. I can give only a sin- gle illustration ; but that will be suf- ficient. The Sandys faction gave glowing accounts of the great imni- bers of people sent to Virginia under their management. They said " that on the 18. Dec. 1618, there were only 600 people remaining alive in Vir- ginia of near 2,000 that had been sent there, and that between the 18. Dec', 1618, and 28. June, 1623, about 5,000 were sent," etc. The old founder fac- tion replied " that it was true, they were sending a multitude of his Maj- esties subjects to Virginia to starve and to die there, before they had made any adequate provision for receiving so many. 'I'hey claimed that instead of only 600 living in Va. December 18, 1618, there were at least 1,200. That in addition to the said 5,000, there were sent between June and December, 1623, about 300 more ; and yet in Feby, 162 1, there were, by the census, then only 1,277 people remaining alive in Virginia, of whom some were born there," and then they make the crush- ing inquiry, " What has become of the 5,000 missing subjects of his Majesty ? " These figures are terrible, for even if only 600 persons were living in Vir- ginia in December, 1618 ; evidently over 4,500 were missing out of less than 6,000 within about five years. The rate of mortality was greatest in those j'ears which have been pictured to us as most prosperous. There were two sides to the controversy, much could be said on each side, and it may be that neither side was entirely in the right. Both parties probably did their best " according to the best of their knowledge and belief ; " but we have no right to condemn the old merchant founder party — who had continued to labor at a very great expense to them- selves, without any prospect of a pres- ent profit, " with a constant and pa- tient resolution, until by the mercies of God," they had established the col- ony — on tlie evidence of their adver- saries. I shall not attempt to discuss the matter here ; but it seems certain to me that another issue than the man- agement of the Va. Co. was an impor- tant factor in causing, if not really at the bottom of all this bitterness. In the Parliament of 1621-22, the strong SMITH 1017 movement, umler the leadership of Sir Edwin Sandys, against the incorpo- rated companies, which began in IGOl, was pnshed forward vigorously. Tbe Sandys party were sometimes called Free-traders, and the other party, Protectionists or Monopolists. Both parties were represented in the Va. Co. The question was largely a " matter of life or death " with the members of these companies, and it was natural tliat the feeling between them and those who wished to destroy their business should become very bitter. Early in 1624, the Lords of the Privy Council appointed Sir Thomas Smythe governor of the S. I. Co., and he was afterwards regularly elected to that office by the company. He was a member of the Royal Commis- sion for Virginia affairs, July 15, 1624, and continued governor of the S. I. Co. and member of the Virginia Coun- cil until his death. He died September 4, 1625, at his house at Tnnbridge, and " was buried under a most superb monument in Hone Church, Kent, having his effigies at full length recumbent thereon." The inscription is a summary of his history : — " To the glory of God, and to the pious memorie of the honorable Sir Thomas Smith, lent, (late governour of the East Indian, Muscovia, French, and Sommer Island companies ; treasurer for the Virginia plantation ; prime undertaker (in the year 1612) for that noble designe, the discoverie of the North- West passage ; principall com- missioner for the London expedition against the pirates, and for a voiage to the ryver Senega, upon the coast of Africa ; one of the chief commission- ers for the navie-roial, and sometime ambassador from His niajestie of Great Britain to the emperour and great duke of Russia and Muscovia, etc.), ivho, havinge judicioudy, conscion- ably, and with admirahle facility, man- aged man;/ difficult and weighty affairs to the honor and profit of this nation, rested from his labors the 4th day of Septem., 16::5." " Besides many charities in London and elsewhere, he endowed Tunbridge school, which had been founded by his grandfather, Sir Andrew Judd. Among his numerous bequests, he left funds for providing a four-penny loaf apiece every week to thirty-six of the poorest and honestest persons, in five parishes, and the same number of pieces of cloth, worth twenty shillings each, to be made into winter garments for the recipients of his charity." His numerous bequests are still annually distributed by the Skinners' Company, of which guild he was a member. His arnas were on the north window of Old Temple Hall, Faring- don Ward Without. " Az. a chevron engrailed between three Lions passant gardant, Or." This was the hall of the Knights Templars, and afterwards of the Hospitallers. Sir Tliomas Smythe was nearly re- lated to the Cromwells, and was de- scended from Sir Robert Chicheley, Lord Mayor of London, eldest brother of Henry Chicheley, Archbishop of Canterbury, founder of All Souls, Ox- ford. He was thrice married, first, to Judith, daughter and heir of Richard Culverwell, Esq. (no issue) (see under Dr. William Whitaker), secondly (name unknown to me), and, thirdly, to Sarah, daughter to William Blount, Esq. (and sister to Judith Bloiuit, who married Sir Thomas Chaloner), by whom he had two sons, John and Thomas, both of wlioni were members of the Va. Co. in 1612 ; but Thomas died before Xovember, 1(>18. After the death of Sir Thomas, his widow, the Lady Sarah Smythe, married, April 25, 1626, Robert Sidney, first Earl of Leicester (being his second wife). "Young Sir John Smythe, whose marriage in November, 1618, gave so much trouble, left a son, Robert Smvthe, who married, July 8, 1652, Lady Dorothy Sydney (the poet Wal- ler's ' Sacharissa '), daughter of Rob- ert, second Earl of Leicester, widow of Henrj-, first Earl of Sunderland, and by that earl mother of Robert, second Earl, lineal ancestor of tiie present Duke of Marlborough." This branch of the family terminated with Sir Syd- ney-Stafi^ord Smythe, chief baron of the Exchequer in 1772, who died in 1777, s. p. " The line of the senior branch of the family became extinct with that accomplished geographer, 1018 SMITH — SOMERS. the eighth Viscount Strangford, who was vice-president of the Royal Geo- graphical Society, and died in 1869." Smith, Thomas, son of Sir Thomas (the treasurer), 3. The second son ; he died young, before 1618. Smith, Sir Thomas. "Clerk of our privy Council ; " " born in Abing- don, and bred in the University of Oxford ; " " secretary to Robert, Earl of Essex, and afterwards one of the Clerks of the Lord's Council ; " knighted at Greenwich, May 20, 1603 ; appointed the king's Latin secretary, June 8, 1603 ; " Secretary and Keeper of the Signet to the Council of the North ; " " Clerk to the Upper House of Parliament ; " " Master of the Re- quests." M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607, " and was on the road to higher preferment," when he died, November 28, 1609, at his house at Parson's Green, and was buried at Fulham, where liis lady erected a monument to perpetuate his mevnory. He mar- ried Frances, daughter of William Brydges, fourth Lord Chandos ; she married, secondly, Thomas Cecil, first Earl of Exeter. Writing of this Sir Thomas Smith, Dr. Fuller says : " God and himself raised him to the eminency he attained unto, unbefriended with any extrac- tion." His only child, Margaret, mar- ried the Hon. Thomas Carey, the sec- ond son of Robert Carey, Earl of Monmouth ; after Carey's death she married, secondly. Sir Edward Her- bert. " This Sir Thomas Smith left a con- siderable sum of money to the library at Oxford, founded by his friend and neighbor, Sir Thomas Bodlev." Smith, Sir William, of "Essex, 3. Sub. £37 10s ; pd. £50. Of Hill Hall ; nephew and, finally, heir to the cele- brated Sir Tiiomas Smith, secretary of state to Fldward VL and Elizabeth, who died witlioiit issue in 1577. This Sir William was a colonel in the army in Ireland ; married, in 1590, Bridget, daughter of Thomas Fleet- wood, Esq., of The Vache, County Bucks ; knighted at Theobald's, May 7, 1603; M. P. for Aylesbury, 1604-11; died December 12, 1626, aged 76. The family name is now spelled Sniijth. Smith, Sir "William, of London. Sub. ; pd. £4:5. March 7, 1619, he transferred to Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, the younger, two shares of land in Virginia. Soame (or Soane), Joseph, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Soame, Sir Steven, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Second son of Thomas Soame, of Boteley, alias Betely, in the County of Norfolk ; born about 1544 ; alderman of Cheap ward, and sheriff in 1598; mayor of the staple in London for almost twenty years ; Lord Mayor of London, 1598- 99 ; knighted April 25, 1599 ; M. P. for London, 1601 ; on the committee to meet King James, 1603 ; master of the Grocers; senior alderman in 1618 ; died May 23, 1619, aged 75, and was buried at Little Thurlow in Suffolk, where his monument records his good deeds. Soda, Anthony, grocer. He was a churchwarden of St. Michael's, Corn- hill, in 1588, and for many years after. Somers, Sir George, 1. Sub. ; pd. . Of Dorsetshire ; but he bore the same arms, and tradition as- signs him to the Somers famil}' of White Ladies, County Worcester, an- cestors of Earl Somers. Sil. Jourdan, writing in 1610, says he was then " three score yeares at the least." General Lefroy, in his " Memorials of the Bermudas," says, " Summers, as his name is spelt in the parish register, was born of respectable parents, in or near Lyme Regis (Dorsetshire) in 1554. He commanded naval expedi- tions in 1595-1600, and in the two fol- lowing years." In 1596 Capt. Amias Preston and himself made their victo- rious voyage to the West Indies. October 29, 1597, Sir Walter Ralegh, Lord Thomas Howard, and the Lord Montjoy wrote to Essex : " Wee have this Saterday night receved the cumfortabell ncwse of George Sum- mers' arivall, whose letter we have here witliall sent your Lordshipp." He was knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603. Thomas Winter, M. A., wrote a soa SOMERS — SOMERSET 1019 net to him in 1604 ; M. P. for Lyme Regis in Dorsetshire, March 19, 1604, to February, 1610, wlien his seat was declared vacant, on acconnt of his absence in Virginia; Jnne, 1609, sailed for Virginia ; July '28, wrecked on the Bermudas or Somers Islands ; May 10, 1610, sailed from there for Virginia; May 23 arrived in Va. ; June 7, aban- doning the colony, was met by Lord De la Warr, and turned back ; June 19 sailed for the Bermudas to obtain a supply of pork for Virginia. Was carried by the current to our New England coast ; but finally reached the Somers Lslands, and died there No- vember 9, 1610, " of a surfeit in eat- ing of a pig." His heart was buried in the island, and " his cedar ship at last with liis dead body arrived at Whitchurch in Dorsetshire, where by his friends he was honourablv buried, with many vollies of shot, and the rites of a souldier, and upon his tonibe was bestowed this epitaph : — " ' Alas Virginia's Summer so soone past, Autumne succeeds and stormy winter's blast, Yet England's joyfull Spring with joyfull show- ers, O Florida, shall bring thy sweetest Flowers.' " His remains reached England after February 28, 1611, probably about July 26, 1611, on which day the inquest was held. " From the Record Office, London, luquisitio post mortem. Inquest taken at Dorchester, July 26 (9th James) before George Estmont, gent., es- cheator of the King : — Sir George Somers, Knight, was seized before his death in demesne & in fee of the Manor of Upwey alias Waybay House, with its members and appurtenances, in Co. Dorset, &c. &c. Of one Mes- suage or Mansion house, called the manor of Orchard, in the parish of Whitechurche [canonicorum] Dorset, &e. &c. Of a Capital Messuage or Mansion house and farm of the Manor of Berne [in Whitechurch] Dorset, &c. &c. Of a capital messuage or tenement in Marsh wood [in Whitechurch] Dor- set, &c. &c. Of three messuages in Lyme Regis, held by Sir George So- mers and Johanna his wife of the Mayor & Burgesses of Lyme Regis." Extract from Sir George Somer's will : " I, the said Geo. Somers do give and bequeath to Mathew Somers and his heirs all that capital messuage or farm called Waybay House in the parish of Upwaye, all lands &c. called Orcherd in the parish of Whitechurch, a messuage or tenement called Har- per's tenement, in the parish of IMersh- wood and the ground or common at the hill, purchased from Richard Mal- lack gent, adjoining other lands called Berne in the parish of Whitechurch, and all other lands not bequeath, to Mathew Somers and his heirs for- ever." " Sir Geo. Somers died 9th of No- vember last. Nicholas Somers, gent, his cousin and heir. Lady Johanna his wife is still living at White- church." This document is headed "Libatfuit in Cur. xxiiij die Novr. anno R. Jacobi, Anglie &^c decimo, p. manua Rici War- man," I suppose Libut stands for Li- beratum, i. e., " It tvas delivered in court 24 Nov. in the 10th year of James, Sfc. (1612) by the hands of Richard War- man." It will be noted that Matthew not Nicholas is mentioned in the extract from the will incorporated in the in- quisition, and that the enrollment of the document was delayed from July, 1611, to November 24, 1612. There was probably a dispute over the will between Nicholas, the heir-at-law, and Matthew Somers, who was with Sir George when he died, and he may have been accused of using some illegal means to obtain a will in his favor. Somers, Master (Matthew). He arrived in England, as before said, with the body of Sir George Somers, in 1611. In 1622 he has a dispute with the Va. and S. I. companies, re- garding the estate of Sir George So- mers. (See Neill's " Va. Co. of Lon- don," pp. -5.3-61.) Somerset, Earl of. — Robert Carr. Somerset, Edw^ard, Earl of Worcester. Fourth Earl, succeeded his father William, third Earl, on February 21, 1589; N. W. P. Co , 1612; died March 3, 1628 ; married Eliza- beth, daughter of Francis, Earl of Huntingdon, and had several children. Ancestor of the Duke of Beaufort. 1020 SONDES — SPELMAN Sondes, Sir Michael, 2. Sub. ; pd. . (Ancestor of Sir George Sondes, Bart., of Lees Court, County Kent, created Earl of Fever- sham in 1670.) He was M. P. for Qneenborong-!i in 1588-89 ; knighted at Greenwieh, June 18, 1598 ; M. P. for Queenborougli again in 1597-98, in 1601, and in 1604-11 ; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609, and possibly died soon after. The records of the Va. Co. show that he died before 1619. In 159i " the present state of Spaine, translated out of French," was dedicated to his son, Richard Sondes, vvdiich Richard was afterwards knighted, and married Catherine, daughter of Sir Rowland Hayward. The family names Sandys and Sondes are often confused. Soto, Fernando De. Born about 1500 ; served vv'ith distinction under Pizarro in Peru. The Va. Co. made a study of las expedition to Florida (see LXXXiV.). He rea,ched Espir- itu Santo Bay, Florida, May 25, l^o9, with 570 men and 223 horses, well equipped ; was so fortunate as to find an interpreter in " Juau Ortiz, a Span- iard, who had lived twelve years among the Floridians ; " his life hav- ing been twice saved by a favorite daughter of the Indian chief. Win- tered at Apalache, Florida ; left Marcli 3, 1540, going northeastward ; reached "Cutisachiqui " [Coosawhat- ehie], some two days' journey from St. Helena, late in April ; on the 3d of May, marched northward to the golden country of "Yupaha" [Unaka or Smoky Mountains]; reached "Cha- laque " [Cherokee] about the 10th of May, and continuing northward, passed near the celebrated Ducktown Copper- mines, crossed the mineral belt of the Appalachian Range, and about the last of May came to "Canasaqua" [Cana- saga, Polk County, Tenn. ?] ; June 5, they arrived at " the island city of Chiaha " [the Chica-maugatown on the island in the Tennessee River, below Chattanooga], " which was subject to tlie Lord of Cosa," whose country was along the headwaters of the Coosa River of Alabama. Soto remained at " the island city " thirty days, and then went southward to winter down the Tennessee River ; thence through the Coosa country ; " the jirovinees of Tallise " [Tallassee], and " Tascaluca " [Tuscaloosa, Alabama] to " Mavilla ; " but I ouly wish to give an outline of his route through the eastern part of our country ; it is not to my purpose to follow him farther in his westward way. He died in Louisiana near the mouth of tlie Red River, May 21, 1542. About 300 survivors under Moscoso sailed from the mouth of the Mississippi, July IS, 1543. Having spent over ft)ur yeai's in exploi-ing the Southern, Middle, and Western States, they left a few horses, a few hogs, many Indian children who coidd speak the Spanish tongue, and several of their own men, who remained behind having Indian wives. W^hen we consider the habits of these 570 men during these four years, we may be assured that our forefa- thers met many an Indian "on the dark and bloody ground," who might count among his ancestors some grandee of Spain. Southampton, Earl of. — Henry W^riotheslcy. Southv^ricke, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Sparrow, Steven, merchant-tailor, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £75. Janu- ary 31, 1620, Steven Sparrow trans- ferred one share in Virginia to John Hope. Speckart, Abraham, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Spelman, Henry. Third son of Sir Henry Spelman of Congham, Nor- folk, England (1562-1 G41); the distin- guished antiquary and historian; treas- urer of the Gruiana Company, and one of the Council for New England. Henry, the son, was baptized in 1595; landed in Virginia in August, 1609 ; was sold to the Indians soon after, and lived with them until December, 1610. He returned to England with Lord DelaW^arr in March,"l611; but afterwards went back to Virginia, where he was enqiloyed as interpreter to the colony in 1()16. In 1618 he •was again in England, but returned to JOHfJ WHITSON Mnyor of Bristol SPENCER 1021 Virginia on board the Treasurer in that year. He " knew most of the kings of that country, and spake their Languages very understandingly."' (Howes' Abridgment.) In August, 1619, he was tried by the House of Burgesses for speaking disparagingly of Governor Yardly to Opocancauo, and degraded from his office as inter- preter, etc. He was trading with the Indians along the Potomac at the time of the massacre in March, 1622 ; and about one year after, on March 23, 1623, he was killed by the Anacostan Indians, probably near the present site of Washington, D. C. ^^^:^/^^^Ai ^2. Spencer, Edward, esquire. Fourth son of Robert Lord Spencer. He was seated at Boston in Middlesex ; M. P. for Brackley, 1621-22, 1624-25, and 1625, and for ^Middlesex, 1626 ; knighted at Hampton Court, Decem- ber 27, 1625; died February 11, 1655, aged 61. Spencer, John, clothworker. A native of Waldingfield, Suffolk. Queen Elizabeth gave him the Manor of Canonbury, and visited him there in 1581 ; sheriff of London, 1583 ; on the committee to consult with Car- liell about planting a colony to the southwest of Cape Breton in America, 1583 ; alderman of Langbourn ward, 1587 ; lord mayor, 1594-95; knighted 1595 ; a leading member of the Rus- sia and Turkey companies ; an incor- porator of the E. I. Co., 1600 ; presi- dent of St. Bartholomew's Hospital, 1603-10; died March 3, 160i9, and was buried in St. Helen's Bishops- gate, where a tomb is erected to his memory. He was known as " Rich Spencer." His only daughter and heir married, in 1594, William Lord Compton. Spencer, Sir Richard, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. . Of Hertfordshire ; fourth son of Sir John Spencer of Althorp, and uncle of Robert Lord Spencer ; knighted at Theobald's, May 7, 1603 ; ambassador to Holland ; M. P. for Brackley, 1604-11; died in No- vember, 1624. Spencer, Robert Lord, 3. Sub. ; pd. £33 6s. 8d. Sheriff of Northamptonshire in the forty-thiid year of Elizabeth, before which time he had received the honor of knight- hood, and when King James ascended the throne, was reputed to have by him the most money of any person in England. Ben Jonson alludes to him in the lines, — " Who since Thamyra did die, Hath not brook'd a lady's eye, Nor aUow'd about liis place Any of the female race." The grief of Sir Robert Spencer, for the loss of his beloved consort, Margaret, daughter of Sir Francis Willoughby, thus beautifully alluded to, was no poetic fiction. He lost her in August, 1597 ; but though he sur- vived her thirty years, he never made a second choice. He was created Baron Spencer of Wormleighton, July 21, 1603. The records of the times gave him a very high character, being spoken of as " The old Roman chosen Dictator," seldom leaving his farm save when called to the Senate. Dur- ing the debates in Parliament, 1621, relating to the king's powder and pre- rogative, this Lord Spencer, standing up boldly for the public liberty (with the Earls of Oxford, Southampton, Essex, and Warwick), made some allu- sion to the past, and the Earl of Arun- del replying thereto, said, " My lord, when these things were doing, your an- cestors were keeping sheep," to which the Lord Spencer, with a spirit and quickness of thought peculiar to him, innnediately answered, " When my ancestors were keeping sheep (as you say), your ancestors were plotting treason." So says Wilson's " Hist, of Great Britain," London, 1653, p. 163 ; but see the more correct account given at length in Gardner's " Hist, of England," London, 1886, vol. iv. pp. 114-116. Lord Spencer died Oc- tober 25, 1627, and was buried in great splendor with his ancestors at Bring- ton. His son William married Penel- ope, daughter of Henry Wriothesley, Earl of Southampton. " Lord Spencer was the great friend of the Washing- tons of Sulgrave," ancestors of Gen. George Washington. Spencer, Varion, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. 1022 SPERT — STANHOPE Spert (or Perte), Thomas. Of an old Bristol family ; master of the Mary Rose ; founded the Trinity House in 1512, and it was incorpo- rated in 1514 (the disputed voyage with Cabot, 1517) ; master of the Harry Grace de Dieu in which great ship Henry VIII. sailed to Calais in May, 1520, on his way to the Field of the Cloth of Gold ; knighted by Henry VIII. at York Place in 1529 ; died September 8, 1541, and was buried in the chancel of Stepney Church. His first memorial having been lost, the Trinity House erected another in 1622. Spinola, Benedict. Second son of Baptist Spinola, an eminent mer- chant of Genoa, who in 1556 refused the dukedom of his native city. Bene- dict came to Loudon, where his friend, Horatio Fallavicino, and himself were sometime known as Queen Elizabeth's bankers. The Society of Antiquaries, Lon- don, have a very curious broadside: " An Epitaph upon the death of the WorshipfuU Maister Benedict Spinola, Merchant of Genoa and free Denizon of England, who dyed on Tuesday the 12. of Julie, 1580." Spranger, Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Springham, Matthias, merchant- tailor, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. He was one of those selected by the lord mayor and citizens of London in 1613 to go over and examine the Irish plantation. He died in 1620, and was buried at Richmond, England. Sprint, Gregory, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Spruson (see Pruson), Hilde- brand, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £59 9s. 9d. " November 3, 1610, grant to Hildebrand Prosen of the office of Merchant in the East for furnishing the King's ships, for life." The Cal- endar of State Papers, Domestic, 1611-1618, p. 613, mention some trou- ble incurred by two of his ships, in the West Indies, with the Spaniards ; but the date of the paper is uncertain. February 27, 1622, he transferred one of his shares in Virginia to Thomas Pemble. Stacy, Thomas. Pd. £25. Stafford. See Stratford. Stallenge, William, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. . Merchant of Plvmouth ; M. P. for Plymouth in 1597-98 and 1601 ; January 5, 1607, licensed for twenty-one years to print a book called " Instructions for the planting and increase of Mulberry trees, breeding of Silkworms, and making of Silk ; " January 23, 1608, licensed to import mulberry seeds, and to set the same in any part of the realm, for increase and better breed- ing of silkworms. Howes, in his Chronicle, writing imder 1609, says, " Albeit this is the first publique notice of keeping wormes and making silke in England, yet true it is that many years past there were divers industrious gentle- men that kept wormes and made good silke, amongst which of late years, William Staledge, Comptroller of the Custome house, hath taken ingenious paynes in breeding wormes and mak- ing of fine silk for all uses ; he had a patent for seven years to bring mul- berry seed, and this year he and Mon- sieur Verton by order from the king planted Mulberry trees in most shires of England." The state papers con- tain several warrants to pay him sev- eral sums for planting mulberry trees for the king near Westminster Palace and elsewhere. Stanhope, John, Lord, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Third son of Sir Michael Stanhope, who was beheaded on Tower Hill, February 25, 1553 ; married, first, Joan, daughter and heir of William Knollys, but by her had no issue. On February 13, 1589, he was one of the sponsors of Ann West (see pedigree). May 6, 1589, he married, secondly, Margaret, daughter of Henry Mc Williams, Esq., one of the queen's gentlemen pensioners. June 20, 1590, he was appointed master of the posts, succeeding Thomas Randolph, who had held that office from about 1566, and who is said to have been the first post- master-general (then called " master of the posts ") of England. He was knighted in 1596, and the same year was constituted treasurer of the cham- ber for life, and in 1600, constable of the Castle of Colchester for life ; M. P. for the County of Northampton in 1601. On the accession of King James, he was continued vice-cham- berlain, sworn of his Privy Council, and appointed by act of Parliament, in the STANLEY — STEWKLEY 1023 first year of his reign (1603) one of the commissioners to treat of a union with Scotland ; and afterwards by let- ters patent, May 4, IGUo, was advanced to the dignity of a baron of the realm as Lord Stanhope of Harrington. July 26, 1607, grant to John Lord Stan- hope, and Charles, his son, of the ofKce of postmaster in England, for life ; M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. He continued in his office of \'ice- chamberlain till 1616, when he resigned it to Sir John Digby. He died March 9, 1620. Stanley. See Vere-Stanley. Stannard, "William, innholder, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Son of Thomas Stannard, of Bourne in the County of Cambridge. He married Martha Gard- ner, of Jeningses Bery, Com. Hartford. Stapers (Staples), Hewet, cloth- worker, 3. Sub. £60 ; pd. £77 10s. Second son of Richard Stapers or Staples (next); was a member of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies, etc. Stapers (Staples), Richard, mer- chant, 2. Sub. ;pd. £37 10s. A native of Plymouth ; came to London, married Dionise, daughter of Thomas Hewett, of London, gent. ; entered into a partnership with Edward Osborne ; they were leading members of the Rus. or Mus. Co., and trafficked over Europe, Asia, and Africa. In 1581 they were the leading incorporators and directors of the Turkey Company. In February, 1583, they sent out the first overland expedition from Eng- land to the East Indies, and in the same year Stapers was one of the committee appointed by the Rus. Co. to consult with Capt. Christopher Carlisle in re- gard to the proposed colony to the southwest of Cape Breton, on our coast. Osborne died in 1591 ; but Stapers continued his interest in com- mercial affairs, and was one of the in- corporators and directors of the E. I. Co., December 31, 1600. He lies in "a very goodly Tomb," says Stow, " erected in the wall on the South side of the Church of St. Martin's Outwich, Broadstreet ward, London, having this inscription : — " ' Here resteth the Body of the Worshipful Mr. Rich. Staper, elected Alderman of this city, 1594. He was the greatest Merchant in his time ; the chiefest Actor in discovery of the Trades of Turkey and East India : A Man humble in prosperity, painful and ever ready in the Affairs publick, and discreetly careful of his private. A liberal House-Keeper, bountiful to the Poor : an upright Dealer in the World, and a devout Aspirer after the World to Com?. Much blest in his Posterity, and happy in his and their Alliances. He dyed the last day of June, An. Dom. 1608. Intravit ut exiret.' " Sterling, Earl of. — William Alex- ander. Stevens, Thomas, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Attorney to Henry, Prince of Wales ; of the Middle Temple, esquire ; X. W. P. Co., 1612. Stevyard, Augustine, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Married Anne, aunt of Sir Samuel Argall (see Argall pedigree). December 15, 1619, he assigned to Sir Henry Jones his three shares in Virginia ; owned the site of the monastery. Barking Abbey, granted to him by King James iu 1605 ; died in 1628. Stewkley (Stukely, etc.). Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. (Of Sussex ; knighted at the Char- terhouse, May 11, 1603?) Son of Hugh Stewkley, of Marsh in Somer- setshire, and his wife Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Richard Chamberlain. Sir Thomas married Elizabeth, daughter of John Goodwin, Esq., and was living in 1627 ; a nephew of John Chamber- lain's, and mentioned in his will. Ste'wkley (or Stuckley, etc.), Captain Thomas. A younger son of Sir Lewis Stukely, of Ilfracombe in Devonshire, and a most noted charac- ter of the age in which he lived; went to London early in life ; visited the court of Henry II. of France in 1551 with Robert Dudley, afterwards Earl of Leicester ; was, perhaps, in Wyatt's insurrection, 1553-54 ; buccaneering on the coast of Ireland about 1555 ; determined to be a prince before he died ; resolved to settle a province in Florida in 1563 ; but he made " the sea his Florida," and turned the en- terprise into a buccaneering expedi- tion against French and Spanish ves- sels ; went to Ireland and fought by the side of Shane O'Neill against the Scots at Bally Castle; from Ireland to 1024 STILE — STUAKT Spain ; from Spain to Rome ; com- manded a ship in the great naval battle of Lepanto, October 7, 1571 ; sailed on an expedition to conquer Ire- land for the Pope ; but joined King Sebastian, and fell figliting by his side at Alcazarquivir, September '22, 1578. Stile (Style), Humphrey, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Sou of Nich- olas Style ; was baptized at St, Mary Wooluoth, November 1, 1581; sworn a free brother by patrimony to the Gro- cers, November 13, 1605, and admitted to the livery in 1G09. Stile (or Style), Nicholas, grocer. Father of the above Humphrey; was the son of Sir Humfrey Style, of Lang- ley, Kent ; baptized there, January 12, 1545-46 ; a churchwarden of St. Mary Woolnoth in 1588 ; an alder- man of London ; died November 16, 1615, and was buried in St. Margaret, Lothbury, London. He was a bene- factor of the Grocers' company. Stile (or Style), Thomas. Sub. £75 ; pd. £62 10s. Of the E. I. Co.; on the Virginia Commission, July 15, 1624 ; of Lincoln's Inn ; one of the captains of the city of London in 1633. He married Martha, fourth daughter of Sir Maurice Abbott. Stockley (or Stokeley), John, merchant-tailor, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £50. Of the E. I. Co. Stoddard, Sir Nicholas, 3. Sub. ; -pd. . Of Kent ; knighted at Whitehall, July 23, 1603. Stokes, John, fishmonger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £62 10s. Stokes, Thomas. Pd. £12 10s. Stone, George. Pd. £12 10s. Stone, William. Of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies. " As the Earth tlie Earth doth cover. So under this Stone lyes another," etc. Extract from his monument. StOTve, John. Antiquary and his- torian ; born 152.5 ; died 1605. Strachey, William, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. "One of The Graies- Inne Societe." Sailed from England in June, and was wrecked on the Ber- mudas in July, 1609 ; reached Vir- ginia in May, 1610; was secretary and recorder there ; left in the summer of 1611, reaching England about the last of October in that year; edited CXC, December, 1611; wrote CCXVI., 1612; still living in 1618. I believe him to be the William Strachey, of Saffron Walden, who was married in 1588, and was alive in 1620, whose son or grand- son, of the same name, came to Vir- ginia in the Temperance in 1620, and was living in 1625, on Hog Island, aged 17. In CXXXV. Strachey men- tions having been " on the coast of Barbary and Algiers, in the Levant," etc. 'Z0^fC^^:OK ftra. cA 2? Stradling, Sir John, 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Related to the Pophams ; son of Francis Stradling, who resided at St. George's, near Bristol, by his wife Mary, daughter of Bartholomew Mitchel, Esq. ; educated at Oxford, and took his degree in arts as a mem- ber of Magdalen Hall in 1583, " being then accounted a Miracle for his for- wardness in Learning and Pregnancy of Parts ; " author of " De Vita et Morte Contemnenda," 1597 ; " Epi- grammata," 1607 ; knighted May 15, 1608 ; created a baronet, May 21, 1611 ; sheriff of Glamorgan, 1620 ; published " Beatifici Pacifici: a Divine Poem," in 1623 ; M. P. for St. Ger- mans, 1624-25 ; published " Divine Poems : in seven several Classes," 1625 ; M. P. for Glamorgan, 1626 ; died September 9, 1637. Stratford, Earl of. — Thomas Went- worth. Stratford (see Stafford), Rich- ard, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £75. " Receiver in the principality of North AVales." Strode, Sir "William, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Newnham, Devon; M. P. for Devon, 1597 ; for Plvmpton, 1601, 1604-11, and 1621-22; f Jr Plym- outh, 1614 ; and for Devon again, 1624-25 ; will proved Februarv" 20, 1638. He was the father of AVilliam Strode, one of " the famous five mem- bers." Strongarm — Strongtharm — Strong - in - Arm — Armstrong, Richard, ironmonger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £100. Of E. i. Co. Stuart, Queen Anne. Daughter of Frederick II., King of Denmark, and wife of James I. of England ; STUART 1025 died March 2, 1619. The Rappahan- nock River is named for her, in CLVIII. (map) and Cape Ann, Mas- sachusetts. Stuart, Prince Charles. The sec- ond son of James 1. ; afterwards Charles I. ; horn November ID, 1000 ; crowned February 2, 1023 ; beheaded January 30, 1049. Cape Charles was named for him ; also Charles City (now " City Point "), and the present Charles City County iu Virginia, and Charles River in Massachusetts. He gave the English names on Smith's map of New England (CCCLIV.). Stuart, Princess dizabeth. The eldest daughter of James I. ; born August 19, 1590 ; married February 14:, 1013 ; Queen of Bohemia, 1019 ; exile after the battle of Prague, No- vember 9, 1620; widow, 1632; settled in England, 1600, and died in Loudon February 13, 1662. From ■whom the present royal line of England. The Potomac is named for her, in CLVIII. (map) " Elizabeth River." On May 17, 1620, the Virginia Council published a broadside to be sent to America, from which I extract : " First, we ordaine and require, that in convenient time, after the sight and publication hereof, the foure ancient generall Burroughs, called James City, Henrico, Charles City, and Kicowtan (which hereafter shall be called Elizabeth City, by the name of his Maiesties most vertuous and renowned daughter), as also the other severall particular Plantations," etc. I suppose that " Cape Elizabeth," on Smith's map of New England was also named for her. Stuart, Prince Henry, merchant- tailor. Eldest son of James I. ; born at Stirling Castle, February 19, 1594; baptized August 30, 1594, with the first Protestant baptismal rites ever administered to a prince in Grea*t Britain ; created Prince of ^Yales, May 30, 1610. Interested in sliips and naval aifairs, commerce, and dis- coveries, and especially in the coloni- zation of America by the English ; made a study of the West Indies, and Sir Charles Cornwallis says, " It was his exjiressed desire, if the King his father should on any occasion think proper to break with Spain, that he would himselfe, if his Majesty would permit, undertake the execution of the attempt against the Spanish posses- sions in America." Among his ser- vants were tiie celebrated mathemati- cian, Edward Wright, Phineas Pett, the shipbuilder, and Solomon de Caus, whom Arago regarded as the inventor of the "machine k feu" (steam-en- gine). The prince was a friend to Ra- legh, who wrote for him, " Of the Art of War by Sea," "Of a Maritime Voy- age, with the Passages and Incidents therein," and his " General History of the World." He had a little quiet humor, and, iu 1611, was the patron of Coryat's " Crudities, Hastily gobled up in five Moneths travells iu France, Savoy," etc.; with engravings by W. Hole, and poems by many, in a high panegyric style ; and I am not at all sui'e but that some of the same ideas obtained in the bringing forth of Smith's " New England " in 1616, to which his brother. Prince Charles, was the patron. Henry, Prince of Wales died of typhoid fever, to the great grief of the whole nation " on Friday, November 6, 1612, between 7 and 8 a clocke at night," and was buried in Westminster Abbey. The prince's chaplain. Dr. Daniel Price, preached a sermon in the chapel December 0, and George Abbot, Archbishop of Canterbury, preached his funeral sermon iu the Abbey December 7, 1012. Cape Henry was named for him in 1007 ; the York River was named for him in 1007 or 1008 ; the city of Henricus or Henricopolis (in the bend of James River at Dutch Gap) was named for him in 1011, and tlie old county of Henrico at a later day. The sorrow at the death of this prince was very great. At the Uni- versity of Oxford, Dr. William Good- win preached a funei-al sermon ; Richard Corbet delivered a funeral oration, and the university afterwards published a collection of Memorial Verses. At the University of Cam- bridge, the sermon was preached by Dr. Valentine Cary ; the oration de- livered by Francis Nethersole, and another collection of Memorial Verses was published by this university ; and still another by Magdalen College in Oxford ; and Dr. Leonel Sharpe pub- lished likewise a funeral oration in Latin. The following noets wrote 1026 STUART elegies: Sir William Alexander, Robert Allyne, Lord Bacon, Dominic Baudius, of Leydeii, Christopher Brooke, Wil- liam Browne, George Chapman, Alex- ander Craig, John Donne, William Drummond, Thomas Heyward, Hugh Holland, James Maxwell, Walter Quinn, Joshua Sylvestei*, William Rowley, John Taylor, Cyril Tourneur, John Warde, John Webster, George AVither, etc. Stuart, King James, clothworker. The first of the Stuart line of the kings of England, was born in Edinburgh Castle, June 19, 1566 ; succeeded his mother, Mary Queen of Scots, as King of Scotland, July 24, 1567, and was crowned at Stirling, July 29. Married Anne of Denmark, November 24, 1589 ; endeavored to restore peace in Europe in 1590 ; proclaimed King of England on the death of Queen Elizabeth, March 24, and was crowned at Westminster, July 25, 1603 ; Hamp- ton Court conference, January 14-17, 1604, which resulted in a new transla- tion of the Bible. He favored mer- chants, and enlarged the privileges of the East India, the Muscovy, the Tur- key, and the Merchant Adventurers companies in 1604 ; granted first char- ter to the Va. companies, April 10, 1606 ; articles, orders, etc., for the Va. colonies, November 20, 1606; an ordi- nance and constitution, etc., for said colonies, March 9, 1607 ; Jamestown and James River were rightly named for him, 1607 ; in 1609, on April 11, opened the new exchange ; May 3, or- dered merchandise, etc. , for Virginia to go duty free ; May 11, granted a more ample charter to the E. I. Co. ; May 23, granted a more ample charter to the South Va. Co., and in October encouraged the formation of a com- pany to trade with France ; May 2, 1610, granted a charter to the N. Fid. Co. In 1611 the new translation of the Bible was dedicated to him (read "The Epistle Dedicatory"). March 12, 1612, granted a third charter with increased privileges to the Va. Co. ; July 26, 1612, granted a charter to the N. W. P. Co.; March 29, 1613, granted a charter to the Irisli Society of Lon- don for settling plantations at London- derry, etc.; March 30, 1613, granted a more ample charter to the Rus. Co. ; August 28, 1613, granted a charter for an English plantation in Guiana, South America ; June 29, 1615, granted a charter to the B. I. Co. ; August 26, 1616, license to Sir Walter Ralegh to make a voyage to South America; No- vember 16, 1618, granted a charter for trading to Africa ; November 3, 1620, granted a charter to the New England Colony ; December 31, 1622, gianted a charter for a plantation in Avalon (Newfoundland). In the factions of the Va. Co. of London, he favored the merchant party, as "he conceived merchants to be fittest, for the man- agement of such undertakings, because of their experience and skill in staple commodities," etc. I believe that he showed good judgment in this opinion, as well as in the selection of the men whom he proposed to the company for the offices of treasurer and deputy. He was a constant friend to the col- onies. He agreed to the treaty for the Spanish marriage in July, 1623 ; broke off the treaty in December fol- lowing, and declared war on Spain, March 10, 1624 ; June 16, 1624, the "charter of the company of English Merchants trading to Virginia" was declared by Chief Justice Lee to be null and void, and the colony was taken immediately under the protec- tion of the crown. He died at Theo- bald's March 27, 1625, and was buried in Westminster Abbey. King James was a human being; he had faults. It is said that he swore like a trooper, hunted with hounds, hated war, and did many things which he ought not to have done ; but he had some good qualities also, he loved books, literature, arts, and peace. I believe that he loved his country, and to the best of his ability and judgment tried to maintain the English Church, to preserve peace, and to advance the English nation by increasing trades and traffics, by encouraging merchants, commerce, colonization, and discover- ies. But the king of England was of " the bare-legged Scottish nation from over the border," and this was " the bitter pill " to many Englishmen. War had been almost the only pro- fession of princes, and it still had ad- vocates, but imder his peaceful policy the colonies in America and the com- merce of East India were established. The corner-stone of the present pros- STUART 1027 perity of the united kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland was laid. The onward march of the P^nglish-speaking people over the face of the earth be- gan. It may be that he has found but few friends among the historians of America, yet I am sure that America has more cause to bless him than to blame him. He has been condemned for the part taken by him in the annual elections of the Va. Co. of London during 1620-24; and for the character of the men rec- ommended by him as suitable for offi- cers of that company ; yet his active interest in these affairs make evident his especial and personal interest in the success of the movement, and those recommended by him as suitable for officers were certainly thoroughly qualified business men, as their sketches in this Dictionary will prove. He is also condemned for appointing the com- missions of May 9, 1623, and of June 24, 1624, and for the tasks assigned to them ; but it must now be conceded that these acts were necessary. Both commissions are given in Hazard's "Historical Collections," vol. i. pp. 155-159 and 183-188. At the head of the first was Sir William Jones, one of the justices of the Court of Common Pleas, a distinguished lawyer, author of first Jones's Reports, 18 James I. to 17 Charles I. ; and under him were Sir Nicholas Fortescue, Sir Francis Gofton, Sir Richard Sutton, Sir Wil- liam Pitt, Sir Henry Bouchier, and Sir Henry Spiller, all either auditors or officers of the exchequer, especially qualified for the work in hand, and all of them disinterested ; none of them were members of the Va. Co., or of either faction thereof. After examin- ing the case thoroughly they made their report, which justified Chief Justice James Ley (or Lee) (after- wards Earl of Marlborough) in declar- ing the charter, on June 16, 1624, thenceforth null and void. And every man, appointed by the Privy Council on the commission of June 14 (and July 15) 1624, " for the well-settling of the colony of Virginia," was an ear- nest friend of the object in view, as their sketches in this Dictionary amply demonstrate. With our present knowledge of the case, the constant care of James I. for his American colonies is evident. It is proven by the records, by the royal charters, orders, commissions, etc., as well as by the remaining contemporary evidence compiled by the different fac- tions in the company. It is true, the Sandys party did not agree with him in thinking merchants (especially those of the E. I. Co.) the best managers for such an enterprise, and that they dif- fered with him in several other particu- lars ; but I cannot find that even this faction ever called in question, during his life, his good will for the enterprise, or his honesty of purpose, and in their discourse to the Privy Council, after his death, in the spring of 1625, they wrote, "Amongst the many glorious workes of the late Kinge, there was none more eminent, than his gracious inclination, together with ye propaga- tion of Christian Religion, to advance and sett forward a New Plantation in the New World, which purpose of his continued till the last." His race is probably extinct in the male line ; but continues to rule a great part of the world in the female lines. Among his descendants are to be found the names of almost all the reigning princes of Europe: the Queen of England ; the Czar of Russia ; the emperors of Germany and Austria ; the kings of Spain, Italy, Denmark, etc. (See London " Notes and Que- ries," 6 ser. xii. pp. 251, 252.) Stuart, Ludovic, Duke of Len- nox. Born September 29, 1574; suc- ceeded, on the death of his father, May 28, 1583, as second Duke of Lennox, in Scotland ; held the high office of great chamberlain of Scotland, as well as high admiral, and went as ambassa- dor from James VI. of Scotland to Henry IV. of France ; attended King James to England in 1603 ; N. W. P. Co., 1612 ; made Earl of Richmond October 6, 1613. The petition of the second colony of Vii'ginia was referred to the Earl of Arundel and himself, March 3, 1620. He was the leading incorporator of, and one of his Maj- esty's first council for, the N. E. Co., November 3, 1620 ; the first signer of the first Plymouth patent, first of June, 1621 ; an attendant on the meetings of the New England Council, and a con- tributor ,to tiie enterprise, 1620-24 ; created Duke of Richmond May 17, 1028 STUAET — SUTCLIFFE 1623 ; drew lot number six on the Massachusetts Bay, June 29, 1623 ; died February 16, 1624, and was buried in Westminster Abbey, April 19 fol- lowing. His widow (she was his third wife, and he was her third husband) was Frances, daughter of Thomas Howard, Viscount Bindon. She was the patroness of Capt. John Smith's " General History " (1624), and in his dedication to her, after telling her how the ladies had rescued and protected the unconquerable warrior ("a Julius Caesar") in Europe, Asia, and Amer- ica, he writes, " And so verily these my adventures have tasted the same influence from your Gratious hand, which hath given birth to the publica- tion of this Narration. If therefore your Grace shall daigne to cast your eye on this poore Booke, view I pray you rather your owne Bountie (without which it had dyed in the wombe) then my imperfections, which have no helpe but the shrine of your glorious Name to-be sheltered from censorious con- demnation." Frances Howard was born about 1578 ; married, first, Henry Prannel, who died in 1599 ; secondly, Edward Seymour, Earl of Hertford, who died in 1621, and, thirdly, the Earl of Richmond. She had no children by either of her husbands, and was per- haps the richest dowager in England ; she died October 8, 1639. They moved in different circles; but Captain Smith and iierself were characters of the times. He was perhaps the vainest man and she the vainest woman in England. One of her greatest desires was to be famous for her bounty, which, it is said, was sometimes only "an airy paper-greatness." She was known as " the double duchess " (Len- nox and Richmond), and some wags called her the " duchess cut upon duchess." She vowed, after having been the wife of so great a prince as Richmond, never to be blown with the kisses of a subject, and aspired to the hand of King James. The Duke of Brunswick went to see her ; but was only admitted with the proviso, that he must not oifor to kiss her ; " but what was wanting in herself," says Chamberlain, " was supplied in her at- tendants and followers, who .were all kissed over twice in less than a quarter of an hour." Chamberlain, writing to ' Carleton in December, 1624, says, " I cannot forget one good passage of the Duclress of Richmond, that in discourse of the Lady of Southampton's loss, and how grievously she took it, she used this argument, to prove her own grief was the greater, ' for,' quoth she, 'I blasphemed;' a witty speech for- sooth, and worthy to be put into the collection of the Lord of St. Alban's - ' Apothegms,' newly set out this week." Traces of this lady will be found in Smith's map of Ould Virginia, as " Lenox rocks," " Howard's Moun- taynes," "Stuard's reach," "Hert- ford's He," etc. And in his list of the adventurers for Virginia, 1620, he in- serts the name of " Edward Semer, Earle of Hartford " (her second hus- band) which is not found in any other list that I have seen. I cannot find that either of her husbands or herself were interested in South Virginia. Studley, Thomas. The first Cape merchant ; died in Virginia, August 28, 1607. Stuteville, Sir Martin. Sub. ; pd. £40. Of Debenham Dalham, Suf- folk ; M. P. Aldborough, 1601 ; knighted July 21, 1604 ; a relative and corresijondent of the Rev, Joseph Mead. Suffolke, Earl of. — Thomas How- ard. Suffolke, The Ladle. The wife of Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk; a pensioner of Spain. Bayley says, " Members of the council attend mass, and tell their masters' secrets to their wives, by whom they were betrayed to the Jesuits." None of the pensioners were members of the Virginia councils; but this lady's son, Lord Theophilus Howard, was of that council. Surry, Earl of. — Thomas Howard. Sutcliffe, Dr. Matthew, of Exeter, 2. Sub. ;pa. £20. Educated at Trinity College, Cambridge ; Arch- deacon of Taunton, 1586 ; prebendary of Exeter, 1588 ; Dean of Exeter, October 22, 1588. His " Treatise of Ecclesiastical Discipline," 1590, and 1591 ; " Disputatio de Presbyterio," 1591 ; " De Catholica et Orthodoxa Christi Eeclesia," 1592. Prebendary of Wells, 1592. His " An Answere to a Cei'taine Libel Supplicatorie," etc., 1593 ; " The Practice, Proceedings, r SUTCLIFFE — SYl^IOXDS 1029 aud L.awes of Amies, described out of tlie doings of most valiant and expert Captaines, and continued botli by ancient, aud modcrne example^, and precedents, . . . 1593." Dedicated to the Earl of Essex. Another of his controversial tracts appeared in 1590 ; three in 1599 ; one in IGOO ; one in 1603 ; two in 160(5, etc. M. C. for Va., March 9, 1607. " He is best known for the attempt lie made to found at Chelsea a College of Polem- ical Divines, to be employed in oppos- ing the doctrines of Papists and Sec- taries." Two of the nineteen fellows were to be employed in recording the chief historical events of the era, " The first stone was laid by King James, May 8, 1609, aud the charter of incorporation is dated May 8, 1610. The king, by act of Parliament, in 1609, gave the power of bringing water by means of engines from Hackney Marsh to supply the city of London with water, the profits to go to this college." " Prince Henry was a zeal- ous friend to it and King James, a Learned Prince and firm Protestant, liked well of this Purpose and encour- aged it. Aud when the building began he laid the first stone himself ; and moreover gave all the Timber requisite thereto, which was to be fetched from Windsor Forest." November 3, 1620, Dr. Sutcliffe was made a member of His Majesty's Coun- cil for New England. We find him attending the meetings of this council, and in the proposed division of the colony " on Sondaie," June 29, 1623, Dr. Goclie drew for him lot 4, near the present site of Boston, Massachu- setts. July 15, 1624, he was one of the commission for winding up the affairs of the Va. Co. of Loudon. He died in 1629. By his will, dated November 1, 1628, he left a large sum of money to complete his college ; but after his death the project fell into decay, and his estates were restored to his heirs by decree of chancery, in 1631. Sutton, Sir Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. . This was probably the founder of the Charterhouse ; yet, al- though I find a great deal about him, I cannot find that he was ever knighted, neither can I find any knight of the name (Thomas Sutton) in 1609. He was bom at Knaith, Lincolnshire, in 1532 ; educated at Eton and Cam- bridge, and became a student in Lin- coln's Inn, and soon after traveled in those countries as a gentleman, to which he afterwards traded as a mer- chant ; master of the ordnance at Berwick, during the rebellion of Nor- thumberland ; master-general of ordi- nance in the north for life in 1569; at the capture of Edinburgh Castle, 1-573; aided in having the Spanish bills of exchange (for defraying the Armada expenses) protested in 1587, thereby causing a year's delay. He married (about 1581) the widow of John Dud- ley, Esq. (whose daughter, Anne Dud- ley, married Sir Francis Popham), and died December 12, 1611, without issue, leaving to charitable use a fortune superior to that of any private gentle- man of his time. S-wift, James, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Ensign ; came to Virginia in 1609. Early in 1620 he signed the " Peti- cion of Sundry Antient adventurers to have some man of qualitye sent Gov- ernor unto Virginia." About the same time, in February, 1620, a grant of lands in Virginia was issued to Doctor Bolnm, James Swift, and their associates for transportation of 300 persons to Virginia. Swinhow, "George, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £62 10s. Of N. W. P. Co. S-winhow, John, stationer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £L5. Symonds, Rev. "William. Born in Oxfordshire, about 1557; at Mag- dalen College, Oxford, in 1573, and six years later was a fellow thereof. About ] 579 he received a curacy, the gift of the Lord Willoughby, at Hat- ton Holgate, Dioc. Lincoln, where he remained, it is said, until 1605 or 1606. He published '' Pisgah P>van- gelica " in 1605. He preached a ser- mon at Paul's Cross, Januarv 12, 1606 (1607?) which was published in 1607, at which time he was probably the preacher at St. Saviour's, Southwark. As he was the " preacher at Saint Saviour's in Southwarke," he probably bajitized John Harvard (the founder of Harvard College, Mass.) there, on November 29, 1607. He preached the first sermon before the Va. Co. of London, April 25, 1609 (LXXXVL). In 1612, at the suggestion, it seems, of 1030 SYMONDS — THORNE the Rev. Mr. Crashaw, he seems to have acted a friendly part by his fel- low-servant Captain Smith (both of them had been servants to Lord Willoughby) in looking over his col- lections, and probably aided in hav- ing them published at Oxford. Sy- mouds was not a member of the Va. Co., and the exact part taken by him in the transaction is not clear; but it seems evident that Smith and certain members of his faction, who returned to England, taking advantage of the troubles in Virginia, succeeded in making a favorable impression on the good clergymen, Crashaw, Purchas, and Symonds, and in securing their patronage. I suppose Chamberlain refers to him in \ys letter of August 1, 1613, where he writes that "old Simons of Oxfordshire is dead." If so, he could have had nothing to do with re- vising the narrative (as Smith leads us to suppose), as given in the " Gen- eral History." It was a comfort to him that no "sonnes of Anak" [Numbers 13: 33] were found in America. Talbot, George, sixth Earl of Shrewsbury. Had charge of Mary Queen of Scots, 1568-84 ; interested in Fenton's and Carleill's voyages, 1582-84; died November 18, 1590; married, first, Gertrude, daughter of Thomas Manners, Earl of Rutland, by whom four sons and three daugh- ters; secondly, " Besse of Hardwick" (see William Lord Cavendish), by whom no issue. Talbot, Gilbert, seventh Earl of Shrewsbury, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Succeeded hi^ father in 1590 ; mar- ried Mary Cavendish, daughter of his step-mother ; of the N. W. P. Co., 1612; died in May, 1616, leaving three daughters, namely, Mary, married to William Herbert, Earl of Pembroke; Elizabeth, married to Henry Grey, Earl of Kent (see Gray — Grey); Ala- thea, married to Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundel. Tanfield, Sir Laurence. N. Fid. Co. ; of the Inner Temple, 1569 ; reader, 1595 ; created Serjeant at law, January 28, 1603 ; M. P. Ox- fordshire, 1604—11 ; justice of the King's Bench, January 13, 1606 ; chief baron of the Exchequer, June 25, 1607; died April 30, 1625, buried at Burford, Oxfordshire, June 9. Tanner, John, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . " Late apprentice to Henry ])odd, entered and sworn, No- vember 24, 1602 ; still found on the warden's book of the Grocers' Com- pany, 1612." Tate, Francis, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £25. Second son of Bartholomew Tate, Esq., of De la Prd Abbev ; born in 1560 ; barrister of the Middle Temple ; M. P. for Northampton, 1601, and for Shrews- bury, 1604-11; was a famous lawyer and antiquary; died 1617, s. p. Tate, Lewis, 3. Sub. £37 10s. pd. £25. Taverner, John, gent., 2. Sub. ; jpd. £37 10s. Probably went to Virginia in 1606. " January 7, 1618, Mr. John Taverner, surrendered to Mr. David Wiffin, a bill of Adventure of £37 10s.; three shares." "March 17, 1619, Mr. John Taverner, allowed a personal share of 100 acres" (show- ing that he had been to Virginia at his own charge). "June 7, 1619, John Taverner to Thomas Sheppard, three shares in Va." (From Va. Co. Rec- ords. ) Taylor, "Williani, haberdasher, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Died 1651; see Will in " N. E. Register," April, 1888, pp. 177, 178. His second wife was sister to Rev. John Wilson, the first minister of Boston, Mass. Thane, Viscount. — Francis Lord Norris. Thanet, Earl of. — Nicholas Tuf- ton. Thesham. See Tresham. Thome, Robert, merchant-tailor. Son of Nicholas; was born in Bristol, and removed to London, where he became a prosperous merchant. In 1.527 he wrote his exhortation to Henry \'III., and discourse to Doctor SIR RALPH WINWOOD THORXE — THROCKMORTON 1031 Lee in favor of American Discoveries, etc. In 1531 he united with Lord de la WaiT in founding tlie Bristol Gram- mar School. He died a bachelor in 1532, in the fortieth year of his age, and was buried in St. Christopher's, London, under " a very fair Tomb of pure touch in the Soutli side of the Quire." (The Bank of England now occupies the site of this churcli.) Thorne gave over £4,445 to pious uses; £5,142 to his poor kindred; and he gave those who owed him their in- debtedness. Hakluyt, referring to Thome's book and map of 1527, says they were " preserved by one Master Emmanuel Lucar, the executor of Master Robert Thorne, and was friendly imparted unto me by Master Cyprian Lucar his sonne." This is not exactly correct. Emmanuel Lucar, of London, es- quire, married, first, Elizabeth, daugh- ter of Paul Withipole, of Waltham- stow, who was Thome's executor ; secondly, Joane Turnbull, and she was Cyprian Lucar' s mother. In 1535 Paul Withipole built a chapel at Walthamstow in Robert Thome's memory. In 1600 Edmund Withipole sold the Rectory of Wal- thamstow to Sir Reginald Argall. The manor had been granted to Thomas Argall in 1563, and his grand- son. Sir Samuel Argall, sometime gov- ernor of Virginia, resided there in his old age (see Argall pedigree). Thornton, Robert, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Thorpe, George, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. £25. Son of Nicholas Thorpe, of Wanswell Court, by his first wife, Mary Wikes, alias Mason, niece of Sir John Mason, a counselor of state; was baptized January 1, 1576 (see Throckmorton pedigree); a captain; a gentleman pensioner; a gentleman of the king's privv chamber; M. P. Portsmouth, 1614; M. C. for Va. Co. He sold his lands in England, and in 1618 formed a partnershij) for making a private plantation in Virginia with Sir W. Throckmorton, Jolin Smith, of Nibley, Richard Berkeley (whom see), and others. Thorpe was much inter- ested in converting the Indians; had taken an Indian boy and taught him to write (see John Smith, of Nibley) ; went to Virginia himself in March, 1620, where he was manager of the college lands anil a member of the council ; took especial interest in the Indians, making a study of their views of Religion and Astronomy ; became convinced that " all the past ill success was owing to the not seeking of God's glory in converting the Natives, which are peaceable and wanted but meanes ; " was massacred by the Indians March 21, 1622. Capt. (ieorge Thorpe was twice married ; first to Margaret, daughter of Sir Thomas Porter, who died s. p. ; and secondly to Margaret, daughter of David Harris; she died in 1629. Their son, William Thorpe, was also twice mari'ied, his first wife (married in 1636) being Ursula, daugh- ter of John Smith, of Nibley, the an- tiquary. Throckmorton, Sir William, 3. Sub. ; pd. £75. Of Totworth in (xloucestershire ; son and heir of Sir Thomas '^ Throckmorton (see pedi- gree). For some account of his plan- tation in Virginia, see George Thorpe and John Smith, of Nibley; created a baronet by King James, June 29, 1611; was thrice married and left issue. Throckmorton Pedigree. Wil- liam^ Throckmorton, sheriff of Glouces- tershire, 21 Henry VIII , was the father of Margaret ^ and Sir Thomas -. Mai'garet '^ Throckmorton (who died in 1566) married Thomas Thorpe; they were the parents of Nicholas ^, the father of Capt. George * Thorpe. Sir Thomas ^ Throckmorton, who died in 1586, was the father of Sir Thomas ^ and Anne ^. Sir Tiiomas ^ Throckmorton mar- ried Elizabeth Berkeley, aunt of Rich- ard Berkeley, Esq., and had issue: — i. Sir William * Throckmorton. ii. Elizabeth *, wife of Sir Thomas Dale. iii. Mary * married, first Sir Thomas Baskerville, and, secondly, Sir James Scudamore. Anne ^, daiighter of Sir Thomas ^, married Sir John Tracey and had is- sue : — i. Sir John * Tracey, married Mary, daughter of Sir Thomas Shirley. ii. William^ Tracey, married Mary Conway. iii. Dorothy* (or Anne*) Tracey, married, first, Edmond Bray, of Bar- ington ; secondly, Sir Edward Conway. 1032 TIMBERLAKE - TRESHAM iv. Mary * Tracey, married, first, Hoby, and, secondly, Sir Horace Vere. Timberlake, Henry, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Also of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies. He had traveled in the East, and in 1603 he published " A True and strange discourse of the travailes of two English Pilgrimes : what admirable accidents befell them in their Journey to Jerusalem, Gaza, Grand Cayro, Alexandria and other places. Also, what Antiquities, Monu- ments, and notable memories, they sawe in Terra Sancta. . . . Written by one of them ; on the behalfe of himselfe, and his fellowe Pilgrinie. Imprinted at London, for Thomas Archer, . . . 1603." Followed by other editions in 1608, 1609, 1611, etc. These two Pilgrimes, may have suggested to Purclias his I'ilgrimages, his Pilgrimes, and his Pilgrim. Tindall. See Tyndall. Todkill, Anas, went to Virginia in 1606, as a servant to Capt. John Martin ; probably returned to England. Tomlins, Richard, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Prob- ably Richard Tomlins, of Westminster, who was M. P. for Ludlow, 1621-22; 1624-25, 1625, 1626, and 1628-29. He was elected M. C. for Va. Co. in May, 1623. Totness, Earl of. — George Lord Carew. To"werson, William. Of Tower Street; made a voyage to the coast of Guinea about 1555 ; was a Merchant Adventurer ; interested in the voy- ages of Fenton and John Davis. He married the widow of Richard Atkin- son, Sr. Towler, Charles, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Townsend, Sir John, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . Of Salop ; knighted at Sir John Fortescue's in 1003 ; M. P. Wycombe, 1604-11. I suppose he was a brother to Anne Townsend, who married John Spt'lman, Esq., the elder brother of Henry Spelman, of Vir- ginia. Townson (see Thomson), Leon- ard, tishmonger. Sub. ; pd. £25. Tracy, Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. ; pd. £;>7 10s. Knighted at Salis- bury in July, 1609; M. P. for Corse Castle, 1014, and for Wilton in 1621, in which year he died. Tracy, "William. Sub. ; pd. . I take this to be the man who married Mary Conway (see Throck- morton pedigree). He sailed from Bristol in September, 1620, in the Sup- ply, with emigrants and provisions for Berkeley Hundred in Virginia. One of his daughters, the wife of Capt. Nathaniel Powell, was massacred by the Indians in Virginia in March, 1622. Tradescant, John. Pd. £25. Said to have been of Flemish origin. After traveling through Europe and in the East, he settled in England ; one of the first collectors of natural curios- ities ; a partner in Argall's Virginia plantation in February, 1617; with Sir Dudley Digges to Russia in 1618; went on the expedition of Mansell and Argall against the Algerine corsairs, in order to obtain the Algier apricot, 1620 ; George Sandys wrote to him from Virginia in 1623. He was in the service of George Villiers, Duke of Buckingham, and July 31, 1625, he wrote to Edward Nicholas that it was the duke's pleasure for him to deal with all merchants from all places ; but especially from Virginia, Ber- mudas, Newfoundland, Guinea, Bin- ney, the Amazon, East Indies, etc., for all manner of rare beasts, fowls and birds, shells, stones, etc.; afterwards in the service of Charles I.; died in 1638; his sou John in 1642, and his grandson John in 1652. The widow of the last erected, in 1662, a tomb at Lambeth to " John Tradescant, grand- sire, father, and son." They are much confused in their biographies. In 1631 Capt. John Smith left a part of his books to " Master John Tradeskyn." In 1637 John Tradescant (the son, I believe) was in Virginia gathering all varieties of flowers, plants, shells, etc. Tragabigzanda. See CliaratzaTra- gabigzanda. Tresham (see Thesam), Sir Lewis, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Second son of Sir Thomas Tresham, by his wife Muriel, daughter of Sir Robert Throck- morton. The elder brother. Sir Francis Tresh- Jim, was involved in the Gunpowder Plot ; was attainted of high treason, and succeeded by his younger brother, Lewis, of whom I write. •' Lewis Tresham, of the Inner TREVOR — TUCKER 1033 Temple, fi[ent., bachelor, aged 25, son of Sir Thomas Tresame, knight, was niariiecl in March, 1003, to Mary Perrye, maiden, aged 23, daughter of Mrs. Moore, wife of Alderman John Moore, at St. Bartholomew, Exchange, London." lie was created a baronet, June 29, IGll; knighted at Whitehall, April <), 1012 ; died in 1G39. Trevor, Sir John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £70. Second son of John Trevor, Esq. (who died July 1.5, 1.589), of Tre- vallyn. County Denbigh, by his wife Mary, daughter of Sir George Bruges, knight, of London. " He was of Plas Teg, which he built ; " married. May 24, 1592, Mar- garet, daughter of Hugh Trevannon, Esq.; M. P. Rcigate, 1592-93, 1597-98, and 1601 ; secretary to Earl of Notting- ham (the lord admiral), and surveyor of the royal navy to Elizabeth and James I. ; knighted at tlie Tower, May 13, 1603 ; made steward and receiver of Windsor Castle for life, June 6, 160.3 ; made keeper of the house and park at Oatlands, for life, November 4, 1603; M. P. for Bletchinglev, 1604-11; M. C. for Va., 1606 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609 ; M. P. for Bletchinglev, 1614, and for Bodmin in 1621-22. "February 22, 162^, Sir John Trevor ye father transfers to Sh' John ye Somie 2 shares of land in Virginia." In 1625 he was M. P. for East Looe. He died in 1630, leaving (with other issue) " Sir John ye sonne," who was knighted in 1619, and died in 1673. The father is generally omitted in the peerages, where "ye sonne" of the same name has taken his place. Sir .John Trevor, the son, was M. P. for Countv Den- bigh, 1621-22, Flint, 1021-25', 1625, Great Bedwin, 1628-29, and for Grampound in the Long Parliament, 1640-53. Trevor, Sir Richard, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Allington and Trevallyn, County Denbigh ; eldest son of John Trevor, Esq., and brother of Sir John aforesaid ; knighted by Lord Deputy Sir William KusscU in the Glvnes,' Ireland, May 8, 1597 ; M. P. Bletchingley (Surrey), 1597-98; married Catherine, daugliter of Roger Puleston, Esq. He was living in 1612, but the date of his death is not known to me. He left four daughters, his co-heirs. Trinity House, 3. Sub. ; pd. £150. " The Ends and Intents of the Foundation of the ancient Corporation of Mariners, the Guild of the most glorious and undivideable Trinity, were for the Encrease and Encouragement of Navigation, for the good govern- ment and training of Pilots and sea- men for the better security of ships at Sea." Troughton (Throughton), An- drevr, 3. Sub. £37 ; pd. £25. Tucker, Daniel, 2. Sub. ; pd. £31 OS. Son of George Tucker, of Milton in Kent, by his wife Mary, daughter of John Hunter, of Gaunte. He was nearly related to " Mr. Tucker, the searcher at Gravesend " in 1619. He sailed for North Va. with Chal- lons, in 1606 ; was a leading man in South Va., for five years, 1608-13 ; commissioned governor of the Ber- mudas, February 1.5, 161 ^ ; in that island from May, 1616, to about Janu- ary, 161 1. He was one of tliose who signed the petition to the council, in 1619-20, " to have some man of quali- tye sent Governor unto Vii-ginia ; " patented lands in Virginia in 1021 ; was living in the Bermudas in 1623, and died there, at Port Royal, February 10, 102 1 , leaving children there. Many of his descendants are now distin- guished citizens of the United States. Tucker, George, gent., 3. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Eldest brother of Daniel ; was of Milton in Kent ; mar- ried, first, Elizabeth, daugliter of Fran- cis Staughton, and, secondly, Mary, daugliter of John Darrell, of Cadehill, esquire ; by his first wife he had a son, George (aged 25 in 1619), and by his second three sons (John, Robert, and Henry) and six daughters. He was of the N. W. P. Co.; held ten shares of land in the Bermudas, and was a leading member of the Warwick party in the Va. Co. His daughter Elizabeth married Thomas Legat, half-brother to Capt. John Legat. His son, Henry Tucker (born in 1611), and probably other sons also. 1034 TUCKER — TURNER went to the Bermudas. Their clesceud- ants are also in the United States. Tucker, John. Probably son of William Tucker, of Tlirouley in Devon- shire. If so, he was uncle to Daniel and George Tucker. Tucker, Lieutenant Thomas. (Probably brother to John. His grand- daughter, Mary Starkey, married Thomas Young, portreeve of Graves- end and Milton in 1619.) Tucker, William, gent., 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £25. (See Capt. James Erizo.) . He sent over two men with Ralph Hamor in January, 1617, and either went over at this time, or soon after, himself ; a member of the First House of Burgesses for the borough of " Kiccowtan " (afterwards Elizabeth City) on Jidy 30, 1619. After the massacre of March, 1622, he was ac- tive in taking revenge upon the Indi- ans. In January, 1623, he was fight- ing them along the River of Rapahan- ock, " they being confederates with Apochankeno ; " a member of the Council in V^irginia prior to March 30, 1623, and continued in that office until 1633, or later. On July 23, 1623, " Captain William Tucker, commander of Kicquotan and those lower parts of the country, fell upon the Nandsa- monds and Warrasqueakes, with vast spoil to their corn and habitations, and no small slaughter." In February, 1625, he was living at Elizabeth City (aged 36), with his wife Mary (aged 26) and their daughter Elizabeth (born in Virginia the preceding August), fourteen white servants, " William Crawshaw, an Indian Bap- tised," Anthoney and Isabell, negroes, and " William theire child. Baptised ; " of the twenty negroes then in the col- ony he owned three. He had 150 acres of land in " Elizabeth Cittie and 6.50 acres on ye south side of the main River over against Elizabeth Cittie." He made several voyages to England; sailed from Virginia for England in the spring of 1630, 1632, and 1633, and possibly made annual voyages. He was a merchant, a trader, and a protec- tionist ; in August, 1633, he was in England, asking the Privy Council to prevent the Dutch from trading to Virginia, "praying for a renewal of their ancient charter, and that their trade may be carried on wholly by the English, and the returns made into England only." He married Mary, daughter of Rob- ert Thomson, of Watton in Hertford- shire ; she was a sister to the wife of Elias Roberts, who was interested with Tucker in the Hamor plantation of January, 1617. Her brothers, Morris, George, Paul, and William Thomson, lived in Virginia for a time, and her brother Robert owned property in New England ; they became distin- guished men in England, in the time of the Commonwealth. Morris Thomson was the father of John, first Baron Haversham. Tudor, Elizabeth (Queen). " The namer of Virginia." '' Spain's Rod, Rome's Ruin, Netherland's Relief, Heaven's Jem, Earth's Joy, World's Wonder, Nature's Chief. Britain's Blessing, England's Splendor, Religion's Nurse, the Faitli's Defender. Many Daughters have done vertuously, but thou excellest them all. If Royal Vertues ever crown'd a crown, If ever Mildness shin'd in Majesty, If ever Honour honour'd true Renown, If ever Courage dwelt with Clemency, If ever Princess put all Princes down. For Temperance, Prowess, Prudence, Equity, This, this was she, tliat in despiglit of Death, Lives still admir'd, ador'd, Elizabeth." IFrom her monument in several London churches.} Tufton, Sir Nicholas. Sub. ; pd. £80. M. P. for Peterborough in 1601 ; knighted at Newcastle-upon- Tyne, April 13, 1603 ; admitted into the Va. Co. of London, June 10, 1618, and added to his Majesty's Council for that company ; May 17, 1620, one of those appointed to represent the company before the king ; May 23, 1620, Anthony Irby transferred to him two shares of land in Virginia ; M. P. for Kent, 1624-25 ; elevated to the peerage, November 1, 1626, as Baron Tufton of Tufton, County Sussex, and created Earl of Thanet, August 5, 1628. His lordship married Lady Frances Cecil, daughter of Thomas, first Earl of Exeter. He died July 1, 1632, and was buried at Raynliam. His younger brother. Sir AVilliam Tuf- ton, was governor of the Barbadoes, where he was shot in 1650. Turner, Richard, 2. Sub. ; TURNER — VAN LORE 1035 pd. £37 10s. Probably tlie master of tents and toils. Turner, Richard, merchaut-tailor. Pd. ilGi). Turner, Dr. (Peter), 2. Sub. ; pd. ilii.j. Dr. Peter Turner was the son of Dr. William Turner (1510?- 15G8) one of the first English herbal- ists. He was physician to Ralegh, and made a report in 1606 on the decline of Ralegh's health in the Tower. He died May 27, 1614, aged 72, and was buried in St. Olave's, Tower Street ward, London. His son, William Turner, who was afterwards interested in Virginia, went, in 1605, to Charles Lee's colony in Guiana, and wrote an account of his voyage, which is given in part by Purchas, vol. iv. pp. 1265-1267. Turville (or Turberville), Sir Am- brose, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Lincolnshire; knighted at the Charter- house, May 11, 1603 ; M. P. Minehead, 1604-11. Twide, Richard. Crossed the pres- ent United States in 1568-69 ; died at Ratcliff, England, in John Shere- wood's house there, about 1579. Twisden, Sir William, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Eldest son of Roger Twysden, Esq., of Roydon Hall, Kent, by his wife Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas Wyatt, of AUington Castle, beheaded in 1553 ; M. P. for Helston in 1601 ; knighted at the Charterhouse, May 11, 1603 ; M. P. Thetford, 1606- 11 and 1614 ; created a baronet, June 29, 1611 ; transferred his three shares in Virginia to his son, Sir Roger Twisden (the antiquary), February 3, 1623; died January 8, i62|. He mar- ried Anne, daughter of Sir Moyle Finch, baronet, by whom five sons and two daughters. Tyndall (or Tindall), Robert, 3. Sub. ; pd. . First voyage to Virginia, December 19, 1606, possibly to January, 1609 ; second voyage. May to November, 1609 ; third voyage, April, 1610, to June, 1611. It seems certain that Maguel was mistaken about his being a Roman Catholic, as at the time Maguel was writing (July, 1610) Tindall was still actively em- ployed in Virginia. Tyrone. Hugh O'Neill, Earl of Tyrone, " The Arch Rebel," gave the English much trouble in their attempts to subdue Ireland. After the flight of the Earls of Tyrone and Tyrconnel, in 1607, their vast estates were forfeited to the crown, as well as those of Sir Cahir O'Dogherty, and other persons of inferior position. These estates, which comprised almost the whole six northern counties of Cavan, Ferman- agh, Armagh, Derry, Tyrone, and Tj'r- connel (now called Donegal), were the lands soon after allotted to the Prot- estant and Presbyterian colonists from England and Scotland. Many descendants of these colonists have since emigrated to America. The Earl of Tyrone died at Rome, blind and old, on July 20, 1616, and was buried with great pomp in the Church of San Pietro Alontorio, under a tomb, which no longer exists, bearing the following brief inscription : — "D. O. M. Hie Quiescuiit Ossa Hugonis Priucipis O'Neill." Tyrrel, Francis, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Will was dated Au- gust 30, 1609. Buried September 1, 1609, at Croydon, and his funeral was kept at Loudon, the 13th of the same month. He gave £200 to the parish- ioners of Croydon, to build a new mar- ket-house; £40 to repair their church, and forty shillings a year to the poor of Croydon for eighteen years; twenty- six chaldrons of coals yearly, to be paid by the Grocers' Company to the poor of the parishes of St. Mary Mag- dalen Bermondsey ; St. Giles Crip- plegate ; St. Sepulcln-e Without New- gate ; St. Olave Southwark, and St. Botolph Aldgate ; and also fourteen chaldrons of sea coals to the poor of the Grocers' Company. Van Lore, Peter. Pd. £112 10s. A native of Utrecht ; traded in Lon- don, and became an opulent merchant, jeweler, and money-lender of that city. In 1595 he tested for Ralegh some stones brought from Guiana. In 1603 Ralegh owed him some £600. Edwards preserved Ralegli's letter to him of July 1, 1616 (in his " Life of Ralegh," vol. ii. pp. 342,343) ; knighted November 5, 1621, and soon after lent King James £20,000 on eight per cent, interest which was repaid by an ex- chequer warrant, July 31, 1625 ; died prior to August, 1628, leaving a sou of 1036 VAN MEDKERK — VAUGHAN the same name, who was created a baronet in that year, whose daughter Mary married Henry Alexander, third son of William, first Earl of Stirling. Van Medkerk, Alfonsus. Pd. £25. He was a captain and a Dutch- man. Probably a son of Adolphus Van Meetkerke, president of Flanders, who died in Loudon, October 6, 1591, aged 63. Vane (see Fane), Henry, esquire, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. £12 10s. Of Had- low, Kent ; born February 18, 1589 ; knighted at Whitehall, March 28, 1611 ; M. P. for Lostwithiel, 1614 ; cofferer to Charles, Prince of Wales, March, 1G17; M. P. for Carlisle, 1621-22, 1624-25, 1625, and 1626 ; was elected for Lostwithiel also in Parliaments of 1621-22 and 1625, but probably selected to sit for Carlisle ; was M. P. for Retford, 1628-29 ; am- bassador to Holland, Denmark, and Sweden, 1631 and 1632 ; received Charles I. at Raby Castle, May, 1633; was on the commission for plantations of April, 1634, at which time he was comptroller of the royal household ; treasurer of the household, 1639; post- master-general, 1640 ; M. P. for Wil- ton, 1640 and 1640-53 ; principal sec- retary of state and lord treasurer, and sworn of the Privy Council in 1641, and subsequently dismissed from these offices, it is said, on account of the active part which he took against Strafford ; M. P. for Kent in 1654 ; died at Raby Castle near the close of 1654 (March, 1655 ?). Ancestor of the Dukes of Cleveland. When his son Henry went to New England in 1635, G. Garrard wrote to Lord Conway : " Sir Henry Vane has as good as lost his eldest son, who is gone to New Eng- land for conscience sake ; he likes not the discipline of the church of Eng- land, none of our ministers will give him the sacrament standing, and no persuasions of the Bishops nor author- ity of his parents will prevail with him ; let him go." He was elected governor of Massachusetts in 1636, but returned to England in 1637. He was the celebrated Sir Harry Vane of Cromwell's day, who was beheaded on Tower Hill in 1662 (see his Life by Prof. James K. Hosmer). Vassall, John, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. " His father, John Vassall, a Frenchman (Huguenot) of Rinart by Cane in Norniaud}', was sent into England by his father by reason of the troubles then." He died in England, leaving a son, John (of whom I write) of Cockseyhurst in Com. Es- sex, who in 1588 equipped and com- manded two ships of war, the Samuel and the Little Toby, against the Span- ish Armada. He was an alderman of London, and at his death a benefactor of the Trinity House ; buried at Step- ney, September 13, 1625. He married three times and had a numerous issue. His sons, Samuel and William, were among the incorporators of 'the first Massachusetts Company, 1628. Sam- uel was baptized at Stepney, June 5, 1586 ; married Frances, daughter of Abraham Cartwright of the Va. Co. ; was interested with George Lord Berkeley' and others in the settlement of Carolina, 1630 ; traded to New England, Virginia, the West Indies, and Guinea ; M. P. for London in tlie Long Parliament ; on the parliament commissions for plantations, Novem- ber 24, 1643 ; " it is all but certain that he died somewliere in America in 1667." There is, or was, a monument to him in King's Chapel, Boston, Mass. His son John died in London in 1664, without issue. William (Samuel's brother) was born in 1592 ; married, in May, 1613, Anne, daughter of George King, of Cold Norton, Essex ; sailed with his family from London in June, 1635, on board the Blessing, for New England, and settled in Scituate within the colony of Plymouth ; went to the Barbadoes about 1650, and died there in 1655. " It is now quite cer- tain that it was he, and not his brother Samuel, who founded the Vassalls of Jamaica, whence sprang the late Lord Holland." He has many descendants in the United States. Vaiighan, Edward, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Probably Ixlvvard Vaughn, Esq., of Little Ealing, county of Mid- dlesex, who died in 1612. (Vaughans were numerous.) An Edward Vaughan was the author of " Divine Discov- ery of Death " in 1612, and other works. An Edward Vaughan was M. P. for Merioneth in 1626. Vaughan, John, esquire, 3. Sub. £75 ; pd. . Probably John Vaugh- an, son and heir to Owen Vaughan of VAUGHAN — VERB 1037 Llwydiarth, which John married, Xo- veinber 3, IGOG, Margaret Herbert, sister of George Herbert, the poet ; or, iJohn Vaiighan, the brother of " !Sir William Vaugliau of Terracoyd, County Carmarthen, who had also hinds in Newfoundhind and America," wiiich John (born 1573) married, in 1598, Margaret, daughter of Sir Gilly Meyrick, was knighted in Irehmd, February 2, 1617 ; created Lord Vaughan, July 29, 1G21, and Earl of Carbery, August 5, 1(528. Vaughan, Sir Walter, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Fuls- ton, County Wilts ; son of Thomas Vaughan, Esq., of Broad wardine, County Hereford ; knighted at Sir George Farmers in July, 1G03 ; M. P. for Wiltshire, February, IGOG, to IGll. He married three times, and was still living in 1G23. Velasco, Don Alonso de. Am- bassador from Spain to the court of London, 1610—13. August 3, 1612, George Abbot, Archbishop of Canter- bury, wrote from Croydon to King James : " Zuniga has removed to the house of the Lieger Ambassador, Alonzo de Velasquez, in the Barbican, that he may more freely transact his secret business. Velasquez (Velasco) has been more free with his masses, having a bell rung and holding sevei'al m the day. He sends scandalous re- ports of English affairs to Spain and Italy. The King of Spain has an advantage in England, because he can avail himself of discontented Cath- olics. The proffered courtesies of the Queen of France should be received with suspicion, as she is guided by Villeroy and Sillery, both under Span- ish influence." Velasco, Juan Ferdinand ' de. "Condestable of Castile, Duke of Frias ;" was Spanish ambassador extraordinary to England in 1604. Reports reached London in November and December, 1603, that he was com- ing to treat of peace. He was in Lon- don early in August, 1604, and on the 10th Henry Howard, Earl of North- ampton, wrote to King James : " The Constable of Castile is delighted with his reception, and praises his Majesty's learning, sweetness, frankness, and faithfulness." On the 18th of August the treaty of peace and mercantile intercourse with Philip III., King of Spain, and Albert and Isabel, arch- duke and archduchess of Burgundy, was ratified by King James of Eng- land, and soon after, Velasco returned to Spain with many rich presents from the King and Queen of England. He had served in the Low Country wars. Motley says he was " one of Spain's richest grandees and poorest generals." Venn, Richard, haberdasher, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Son of Hugh Fenn, alias Venn, of Wotton- under-Edge, Gloucestershire. Octo- ber 13, 1616, half of the late Raphe Hamor the elder's adventure of £1,600 in the joint stock of the E, I. Co. was set over to Richard Venue, at the request of Susan Hamor, the exec- utrix of her deceased husband. On the committee of the E. I. Co. in 1619 ; an alderman cf London, 1626- 34, for Castle Baynard ward, and 1634-39 for Tower ward ; sheriff of London, 1626-27 ; lord mayor, 1637- 38 ; knighted at Whitehall, May 27, 1638 ; died August 18, 1639. Vere, Sir Horatio, 2. Sub. ; pd. £121. Youngest son of Geoffrey De Vei'e, third son of John, fifteenth Earl of Oxford ; was born in Essex in 1565 ; accompanied his brother. Sir Francis Vere, to Holland in 1585, and to Cadiz in 1596, where he was knighted for gallantry by the Earl of Essex. He distinguished himself at Nieuport in 1600 and at Ostend in 1601-02, where he was wounded. He was one of the governors of the Brill, 1608 to May 30, 1616. M. C. for Va. Co., May 23, 1609. He served at the siege of Juliers in 1610 ; in the Low Countries, 1614; commanded the Eng- lish contingent, aiding the Prince of Orange against the Arminians of Utrecht in 1618. In 1620 he was consulted about certain projected for- tifications in Virginia, and was in the same j'ear in command of the auxil- iaries sent to Elector Palatine. Cham- berlain writing to Carleton from Lon- don, Jidy 8, 1620, said : " I am sorry Sir Horace Vere should go so slen- derlj' accompanied as to command but two thousand men, which gives the Spanish ambassador occasion to break jests, and say, he must needs confess we are a very brave nation, that dare 1038 VERE — VILLIEES adventure with two thousand men to encounter ten thousand." He contin- ued in that service, and " on February 16, 1622, Sir Horatio Vere was ap- pointed captain-general of 8,000 foot and 1,600 horse for the defence of the Palatinate." There was some clash of authority, and on June 3, 1622, King James wrote to him, command- ing him " to withdraw his troops, if his son-in-law persisted in following his own courses." He was forced to surrender Mann- heim to Tilly, according to some ac- counts, in the end of September, 1622; to others in January, 1623. In 1622 the poet George Chapman wrote : ' ' Pro Vere Autumni Lachry- mae. Inscribed to the Immortal Mem- orie of the most Pious and Incom- parable Souldier Sir Horatio Vere, Knight ; besieged and distrest in Mainhem." He was created Baron Vere of Til- bury, July 25, 1625 ; master of the ordnance for life in March, 1629 ; died in London, May 2, 1635, and was interred in Westminster Abbey. " The exploits of this gallant per- sonage form a brilliant page in British history, and it would be in vain to attempt even to epitomize them here. He was so great a military officer that the first generals were proud of hav- ing served under him." Fuller says : " Horace Lord Vere had more meekness and as much val- our as his brother Sir Francis ; of an excellent temper : it being true of him what is said of the Caspian Sea, that it doth never ebb, nor flow, ob- serving a constant tenor, neither elated with success or depressed with misfor- tune. Both lived in war much hon- oured, and died in peace much la- mented." Lord Vere married, in Xovember, 1607, Mary, daughter of Sir John Tracy of Toddington, County (ilouces- ter, and relict of William (or .lolin) Hoby, Esq., and had five daughters, his co-heirs (see Throckmorton ped- igree.) His widow survived him many years. " Upon the death of the Count- ess of Dorset, the Parliament commit- ted to her care the Duke of York, the Duke of Gloucester, and the Princess Elizabeth, a charge of which she was by no means ambitious. She was a woman of exemi^lary conduct as a wife and mother, and seems to have been as eminent for her piety as her husband was for his valour." Arch- bishop Usher, in a letter to her in 1628, speaks of it in a very elevated strain : " If I have any insight," says that prelate, " in things of this nature, or have any judgment to discern of spirits, I have clearh' beheld engraven in your soid the image and superscrip- tion of my God." She died the 25th of December, 1671, in the 91st year of her age. Her five daughters were : Elizabeth Vere, married John, son of John HoUis, first Earl of Clare ; Mary Vere, mar- ried, first, Sir Roger Townshend, sec- ondly. Lord Mildmay Fane ; Catherine Vere, married, first, Oliver, son of Sir John St. John, and, secondly, John Lord Paulett ; ^ Anne Vere, married the celebrated Thomas Lord Fairfax, " the parliamentary general "; Dorothy Vere, married John, son of Sir John Wolstenholme. (See " The Fighting Veres," by Clemen^^s R. Markham.) Vere-Stanley, " Elizabeth, Count- ess of Derby," 3. Sub. ; pd. . Eldest daughter of Edward De Vere, seventeenth Earl of Oxford, by his first wife, Anne, daughter of William Cecil, the celebrated Lord (Treasurer) Burghley. She married, June 26, 1594, ^^'iUiam Stanley, sixth Earl of Derby, and had four daugh- ters and two sons. Vertue, Christopher, vintner, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Of St. Botolph, Aldgate, London ; married, in 1583, Margaret, daughter of Wil- liam Joanes of Kyvell, County Wilts, clothier. Villa Flores. See Zuniga. Villeroy, Mons de. Nicolas de Neufville ; born 1542 ; secretary of state, November, 1567; deprived Sep- tember, 1588 ; reinstated 1594 ; died at Rouen, Xovember 22, 1617. Villiers, George, Viscount. Born at Brookesby, Leicestershire, August 20, 1592 ; in France, 1610-13 (his half-sister, Anne Villiers, married, 1 The marriage license of Sir John Paulett, dated March 6, 1640-1, does not give the name of the bride as Catherine, but as " Mrs. Mirj- St. John about 22. daughter of the Right Hon. the Lord Vere." VILLIERS— WADE 1039 about 1614, William Washington, uncle to the emigrant ancestor of Gen. George Washington) ; introduced at court in the autumn of 1614 ; knighted at Somerset House, April 24, 1615 ; favored by Somerset's en- emies ; advocated Ralegh's going to Guiana ; made master of the horse in Januarv, and K. G. in April. 1616 ; Baron Whaddon ("Blechly"?) aud Viscount Villiers, August 27, 1616 ; the royal favorite ; Bacon's advice to him ; made Earl of Buckingham, Jan- uary 5, 1617, marquess, January 1, 1618, and lord high admiral, January, 28, 1619. Sir Edwin Sandys wrote to him June 7, 1620, justif ving his ( San- dys') management of Virginia affairs, and imploring him " by the many great graces wherewith God had furnished him. to protect and repatriate the loug exiled (Sandys) in His Majesties favour." He was an incorporator of the New England Charter. November 3, 1620, and M. C. for N. E. Co.; signed the first Plvmouth patent, June 1, 1621 ; went with Prince Charles to Spain, February 17, 1623 ; created Duke of Buckingham, May IS, 1623 (there had been no dukes in England since Norfolk's execution, June 2, 1572); was interested in Virginia affairs, tobacco, etc., 1624 ; sent to Paris to marry Henrietta Maria as proxy for King Charles, May, 1625 ; John Tradescant was employed by him in procuring "all manner of rare beasts, fowls and birds, shells and stones, etc," "especially those from Virginia, Bermudas, Xewfoundland, Guinea, Binney, the Amazon, and the East Indies," in July. 162-5, and after; impeached March, 1626 ; chancellor of the University of Cambridge, June 1, 1626 ; still interested in the colonies ; an incorporator of the Guiana Com- pany, May 19, and chosen governor of that company in June, 1627 ; com- manded in the expeditions to Rochelle and Isle of R^, July to October, 1627; murdered at Portsmouth August 23, 1628. Two days after this (25), Lord Baltimore \vrote a long letter to him from Ferryland, Newfoundland. He was a great patron of learning, and of the fine arts ; collected American rarities, Arabic manuscripts, Italian paintings, etc. Vincent, Henry, 2, Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Of London, mer- chant ; was living at the Visitation, 1634, aged 80 years. Vines, Richard. A trusted agent and friend of Sir Ferdinando Gorges. I am unable to add anything to the incomplete accounts of him previously published in this country. He prob- ably visited the New England coast as early as 1609, and probably spent the winter of 1616-17 at the mouth of Saco River, where he afterwards set- tled ; had a grant of land there, and became the founder of Biddeford, Maine. He removed to Barbadoes in 1&45, and died there in 1651. "Wade — "Waad, Armigil, "The British Columbus." Of an ancient family of Yorkshire : went to America in 1-536 ; clerk of the Privy Council of Kings Henrv \1II. aud Edward VI.; M. P. for" Wycombe, 1-547-53; died at Belsize, June 20, 1568; buried in the parish church at Hampstead. " He was most completely furnished with the knowledge of the greatest arts, skilled in many languages, dis- charged most honourable embassies, and among the Britons was the first explorer of the American Indies. He married two wives, Alice Paten and Anne Marburv, and begot 20 chil- dren." "Wade (or "Waad), Nathaniel. 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of the E. I. Co. ■Wade, Sir "William, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £144 IO5. " Son of Armi- gell Wade, the British Columbus ; " clerk of the Privy Council (from about 1-583) ; successively ambassador to Spain, France, and Scotland. "An ac- tive enemy to the Jesuits ; " " about 1.5S4 Creighton, a Scottish Jesuit, be- ing taken by Dutch Pirates, tore up certain papers and attempted to throw them into the sea ; but the wind brought them back to the ship; which being delivered to Sir William Wade, were joyned again, and revealed new plots of the Pope, the Spaniard, and Guisians to invade England," etc. In Bishop Carleton's " Thankful Remem- brance of God's Mercy " is a small picture of Wade, represented in the act of putting the fragments of these treasonable papers together. M. P. for Aldborough in 1-585 ; for Thetford in 1597 ; and Preston in 1040 WADE— WALKER 1601 ; knighted at Greenwich, May 20, 1G03 ; one of the judges on Ra- legh's trial in November, 1603 ; M. P. for West Looe, 1604-11 ; lieutenant of the Tower from August 15, 1605, to May, 1613, when he was removed by the Somerset influence. In 1605- 06 he was very active in prosecuting the Gunpowder Plot conspirators. M. C. for Va., 1606 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609. In 1612 John Taylor, the water poet, dedicated his earliest publication, "Tlie Sculler," etc., "To the Right Worshipfull and worthy favourer of learning, my singular good Maister, Sir William Waad, knight," etc. He was one of those who bought the Ber- mudas Islands from the Va. Co. No- vember 25, 1612, and resigned them to the crown, November 23, 1614. After his removal from the lieuten- ancy of the Tower, he seems to have lived quietly at his seat, Belsize House ; died October 25, 1623, and lies buried with his father at Hamp- stead. Granger says he was "a man of great learning, generosity, and benev- olence, who had been employed by Queen Elizabeth in several embassies, was removed from the lieutenancy of the Tower, to make way for Sir Ger- vase Elways, a man of a prostitute character, who was the chief instru- ment in poisoning Sir Thomas Over- bury." " Lloyd tells us that to his directions we owe ' Rider's Dictionary ; ' to his en- couragement, 'Hooker's Polity;' and to his charge, ' Gruter's Inscriptions.' " " This excellent man employed a faithful and judicious friend to ad- monish him of everything that he saw amiss in his conduct." His first wife (married in 1586), Anne, daughter of Owen Waller, of St. Alban, Wood Street, London, *' conspicuous in disposition, genius, and family," died in 1589, in her 19th year, in childbirth, and is buried under a " Fair Marble Monument in Oval " in the parish church of St. Alban's, Wood Street, in Cripplegate ward, London. There is some confusion as to his second wife. W^alford says, " He married as his second wife a daughter of Sir Thomas Wotton, who surviving as his widow . . . left Bel- size to her son, Charles Henry de Kirkhaven, by her first husband." Burke says, " Katherine, daughter of Thomas Lord Wotton, married, first, Henry Lord Stanhope, secondly, John Poliander Kirckhoven (and had a son, Charles Henry Kirckhoven), and, thirdly. Colonel Daniel O'Neile." The life of Thomas Bushell (Lord Bacon's servant) states that he mar- ried " Anne, widow of Sir William Waad, lieutenant of the Tower." Waiman. See Weymouth. Waldo, Captain Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Came to Vir- ginia in 1608 ; was drowned in James River in January, 1609. Wale, Thomas, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £75. Of Bradfield, County Essex, and of Gray's Inn. Eldest son of Thomas Wale, of Radwinter, Es- sex, by Jane, daughter of Richard Westley ; died in 1659. Walker, George, sadler, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Walker, John. "John Walker and his company, in the service of Sir H. Gilbert, discovered a silver mine within the river of Norumbega (the Penobscot, Maine ?) in 1580." Gil- bert had a conference with him as to America to the southwest of Cape Breton prior to August, 1582. It may be that he was tlie chaplain to Robert Dudley, Earl of Leicester, who sailed with Fenton and died at sea February 5, 1582. Walker, Thomas, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of Westminster, hereditary chief usher of the court of Exchequer, and marshal proclamator and barrier of the court of Common WALLER — WALTER 1041 Pleas, and to the justices in eyre ; died October 12, 1613. Waller (see Wooler), John, es- quire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £o. Went to Virgiuia in 1606. (John Waller and John Walter are sometimes mis- taken for each other in reading the Virginia Records. I suppose that Waller was of the same family as the poet ) Wallingford, Viscount. — Wil- liam KnoUys. Walsingham, Sir Francis. " The third and youngest son of William Walsingham of Scadbury in the parish of Chisleluirst, by Joyce, daughter of Edmund Denny of Cheshurst, in Hert- fordshire ; born about 1536 ; bred in liis father's house under a private tutor, and afterwards studied for a time in King's College in Cambridge, from whence he went, very young, to seek a more enlarged education on the continent. The persecution raised by Mary induced him to remain abroad till her death, for his family were zealous Protestants, and he was ear- nestly attached to that persuasion. He returned soou after the accession of Elizabeth, a self-made statesman, with a perfect knowledge of most of the European languages, for he had al- ways the reputation of being the first linguist of his time." M. P. for Ban- bury, 1559 ; ambassador to France in 1561, " where he served, from time to time, many years with the most refined diplomatic skill, during the dreadful civil war." M. P. for Lyme Regis, 1563 ; ambassador to France from August, 1570, to April, 1573 (in which time the fearful massacre of St. Bar- tholomew, August, 1572); pruicipal secretary of state and privy coun- cilor, 1573 ; subscriber to Frobisher's voyages, 1576-78 ; knighted at Wind- sor in November, 1577, and in the same month consulted Dr. Dee regard- ing Queen Elizabeth's titles to the new lands; ambassador to the Nether- lands in 1578, in which year Thomas Nicholas dedicated " The Pleasant Historic of the Conquest of the West Indies ' ' to him ; took an interest in the schemes for colonizing America, 1579-80; ambassador to France, 1581; subscriber to Fenton's voyage, 1582- 83 ; took a very active part in the colonization movement from August 1582, to April, 1583; ambassador to Scotland, 1583 ; sent the Rev. Rich- ard Ilakluyt to Paris (with Stafford), with special instructions to occupy himself chiefly in collecting informa- tion of the Spanish and French move- ments, " making diligent inquirie of such things as miglit yield any light unto our Western discoverie in Amer- ica," etc., in October, 1583. In No- vember of the same year Sir George Peckham dedicated his " True Re- porte ... of the Newfoundlands" to him; one of the commission for con- firming Ralegh's patent, December 14, 1584 ; Hakluyt wrote to him from Paris in 1584 and 1585 regarding western discoveries, colonization, etc.; Lane wrote letters and discourses to him from Virginia in August and Sep- tember, 1585, and Sir Richard Green- ville reported to him on his return from Virginia, October 29, 1585; dis- covered Babington's plot, 1586; a com- missioner at the trial of Mary Queen of Scots, October, 1586 ; made chan- cellor of the Duchy of Lancaster iu 1587, and afterwards a Knight of the Garter. Hakluyt dedicated his " Prin- cipal Navigations," etc., to him in 1589. He died April 6, 1590, and was bur- ied in St. Paul's. " One of the chief pillars of the- throne of Elizabeth and of the Protestant cause." A leader in the schemes for colonizing Protestant- ism in the New World. He married, first, about 1563, Anne Barnes (see Sir George Barnes tlie elder), and, sec- ondly, about 15G9, Ursula, daughter of Henry St. Barbe, and widow of Rich- ard Worsley, who bore him two daugh- ters, Marj' and Frances. Mary married Capt. Christopher Carleill. Frances was thrice splendidly wedded : first, to Sir Philip Sidney; secondly, to Rob- ert Devereux, Earl of Essex, and, thirdly, to Richard Bourke, Earl of Clanricarde. Walsingham, Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. Of Scad- bury, Kent ; grandson of Sir Edmund Walsingham, lieutenant of tlie Tower of Lonilon, who died February 9, 15*9. He was born in 1570; M. P. Rochester, 1-597-98, 1601, and 1604- 11; Kent 1614; died August 11, 1630. Walter, John, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Eldest son of Edward Walter of Ludlow iu the 1042 WARD — WATERS county of Salop, by his wife Mary, daughter of Thomas Hackluit, Esq., of Eyton (the eldest brother of the Rev. Richard Hakluyt, I suppose). He was born in 1563 ; educated at Brasenose College, Oxford ; after- wards of the Inner Temple ; called to the bar, 1590 ; counselor for the Uni- versity of Oxford ; attorney-general to Prince Charles, 1613-25 ; knighted May 18. 1619 ; M. P. for East Looe in 1621-22 and 1624-25 ; Serjeant at law, 1625 ; chief baron of the Ex- chequer, May 12, 1625 ; died at his house in the Savoy, November 18, 1630, and was buried at Wolvercote, Oxon. One of Fuller's Worthies of Shropshire. Ward, William. Pd. £37 10s. "Marshal of the Admiralty court of the Cinque Ports." The Wards and Pophams were related. Warner, Mr. Probably Walter Warner, the mathematician. Warner, Richard, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . Probably " Richard Warner, of London, grocer, son of John Warner, of Bucknall in County Oxon." ( Vide Visitation, 1634.) "Warr, Thomas, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £25. Of Hestercombe, Somerset. Third son of Roger Warr by Eleanor, daughter of Sir John Pop- ham. M. C. for Va., 1606 ; M. P. Bridgewater, 1614. Chamberlain, writing to Carleton from London, April 19, 1617, says, " One Warre, a towardly lawyer, was drowned coming from an island he had purchased in the Severn ; " and Carew, writing to Roe, under April, 1617, says, "Mr. Thomas Warre, a counciler-att- Law, who, I think, was well knowne unto j'ou, is lately drowned in Severne in Walles." He was recorder of Bridgewater, and was buried there, April 30, 1617. Warwick, Earl of. — Robert Rich. Waterhouse (see Woodhouse), David, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. M. P. for Aldborough (York), 1588-89, and for Berwick, 1601 ; clerk of the crown in the King's Bench ; lord of the Manor of the town of Halifax. September 16, 1618, he passed a Bill of Adventure of £50 in the Va. Co. to Mr. Bland. Waterhouse, Sir Edward, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of Leitli, County York ; son of Robert Water- house of Halifax, and nephew of David Waterhouse, Esq., aforesaid. He was knighted at Charterhouse, May 11, 1603 ; died without issue. Waterhouse, Edward. Probably son of Thomas Waterhouse of Bark- hamsted. County Hertford. If so, he was nephew of the celebrated Sir Edward Waterhouse (1535-91), and uncle of Edward Waterhouse (1619- 70), an author of some note. He was a secretary' of the Va. Co., and June 11, 1621, he was recom- mended by Sir John Danvcrs for sec- retary of state for the colony of Vir- ginia, but in the election was defeated by Mr. Christopher Davison. Novem- ber 21, 1621, the council gave him two shares of land in Virginia. August 21, 1622, there was entered for pub- lication at Stationers' Hall " A Booke called A Declaration of the State of the Colony of Virginia with the rela- tion of the Massacre of the English by the Native Infidells with the names of those that were then massacred." This book was written by Waterhouse, " Published by Authoritie," and " Im- printed at London by G. Eld, for Rob- ert Mylbourne, and are to be sold at his shop, at the great South doore of Pauls, 1622." January 28, 1624, Waterhouse was one of those who examined, compared, and signed the first volume of the Virginia Company's Records now pre- served in the library of Congress at Washington. Waters, Edward. Born about 1585 ; in the service of Sir George Somers ; with him in the shipwreck at the Bermudas in 1609; went with him in the Patience to Virginia iu 1610, and in the same year returned with him to the Bermudas. When Matthew Somers sailed for England, he was one of the three who remained to keep possession of the island, and who found the historic piece of " Amber Greece." He remained in the Ber- mudas until about November, 1615, at which time he was a member of the council, and went to the West Indies for supplies. The badly mixed-up and luifriendly account of this voyage given in Smith's History is the only account that I have seen. He left the Ber- mudas for Virginia in 1618 or 1619 ; WATERS — WATTS 1043 married, probably about 1620, Grace O'Niel, and at the great massacre of March, 1022, himself and wife were taken prisoners by the Xanseniund Indians, but finally made their escape. In January, 1G25, he was living, aged forty, witli his wife, aged twenty-one, and two children, William and Mar- garet, both born in Virginia, at Blount Point, Elizabeth City. He was a cap- tain, a burgess, and a justice of Eliza- beth City, and was still living in March, 1029, but died soou after. His wife, who survived him nearly fifty- three years, married, secondly, Col. Obedience Robins. The descendants of Capt. Edward Waters are numerous and respectable (some of them highly honorable) citi- zens of this country, and it gives me pleasure to be able to clear their an- cestor of the crime of murder, which Capt. John Smith fastened on him. The real murderer was a sailor, named Robert Waters ; he it was who re- mained in the Bermudas with Chris- topher Carter when Gates sailed to Virginia in May, 1010. He returned to England with Capt. Matthew So- mers ; entered the service of the E. I. Co., and died at sea on the voyage to East India, August 6, 1614, " a man long diseased in bodie, disturbed in minde by torment of conscience, for a man by him killed in Virginia." "Watson, Thomas, esquire, 2. Sub. £75; pd. £112 10s. September 28, 1601, Sir George Carey wrote to the Mayor of Totness and his brethren, "begging them to confer a burges- shipp [M. P.] upon Mr. Thomas Wat- son." He was a teller of the excheq- uer ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1012; of the N. W. P. Co., 1612 ; M. P. Rye, 1614; kniglited at Halstead, June 25, 1618, as of Kent. "Wattey, William, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Watts, Sir John, clothworker, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £162 10s. " Son to Thomas Watts of Buntingford in Hertfordshire " ; married, probably before 1568, Margaret, daughter of Sir James Hawes, Lord Mayor of London in 1574-75. On the 20th of March, 1591, three ships, furnished " at the special charges of Mr. John Wattes, of London, merchant," sailed for the relief of Ralegh's colony. In 1593 his fleet was before Havana (Cuba), " wayting for purchase." In a cause between Sir M. Morgan and himself, he was designated as " Alder- man Watts," May 17, 1593. "He was elected alderman of Aldersgate ward, October 26, 1594 ; chosen sheriff, June 24, 1596." In 1598 Capt. John Watts (probably the alder- man's son) commanded the Prosper- ous in the Earl of Cumberland's voy- age to Saint John de Porto Rico. November 1, 1600, the Court of Ad- venturers to the East Indies resolved that " Alderman Watts, on account of his great experience in shipping and other directions in voyages to be used as a committee in all things concerning the business." An incorporator of the E. I. Co., December 31, 1600 ; gov- ernor of the company from April 11, 1601, to July, 1602 (Sir Thomas Smythe having been implicated in the Essex insurrection) ; removed to Tower ward, April 21, 1601; knighted at Whitehall, July 26, 1603 ; removed to Aldersgate, May 29, 1605 ; and to Langbourn, January 28, 160| ; Lord Mayor of London, 1606-07 ; a mem- ber of the Clothworkers' Company, and on June 12, 1607, he entertained King James I. at his house, adjoining Clothworkers' Hall, "on which occa- sion the King was made a free Broth- er of the Clothworkers' Company, to whose Hall they adjourned for the purpose." M. C. for Va. Co., 1609 ; member of the Bermudas Company, 1615. " He died in September, 1616, and was buried at Ware, Hertfordsliire, September 7, 1616." Chamberlain wrote to Carleton in his gazette letter of October 12, 1616, " Sir John Watts, our neighbour at Ware, died likewise upon two days' warning, be- ing as lusty a man of his years as I know any." In his will "lie left a sum of £4 per annum for the relief of the poor of Buntingford, Herts, his native place; £10 to Christ's Hospital, and £20 to St. Thomas's Hospital in Southwark, London." His eldest son, also Sir John Watts, was knighted at Plymoutli, Septem- ber 23, 1625. About 1626 he wrote " A Discourse upon Trade." In 1629 he was consulted as " a seaman of great note " regarding the differences 1044 WAYNAM — WELD between Lords Carlisle and Montgom- ery concerning their possessions in the West Indies. Abont 1637 he wrote a treatise, setting forth a design for the taking of Hispaniola, entitled " Tliis relation is for future times," etc. ■Waynam. See Weynman. Webbe, Edward, 2. Sub. ; pd. £100. Probably the author of " Tlie Rare and most Wonderful Things which J^dward Webbe, an Englishman borne, hath seene and passed in his troublesome Travailes, in the cities of Jerusalem, Dammaske, Bethlem, and Galely ; and in the Landes of Jewrie, Egipt, Grecia, Rus- sia, and in the Land of Prester John, etc., Loudon, 1590." The women were not so kind to Webbe as they were to Capt. John Smith. Webbe, Captain George. Cap- tain of the Lion ; was living in Vir- ginia in 1G16. Webbe, Richard, haberdasher, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £62 10s. "Webbe, Sandys, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Webbe, Thomas, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Webbe, Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. . One of these, Thomas Webbes, went to Virginia in 1606, and was still living July 10, 1621, when the company allowed him three shares of land on account of his services in Virginia, and one of them was prob- ably a member of the Massachusetts Companv. Webster, William ,2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Probably related to John Webster, the dramatist. Weeks, Thomas, clothworker. Pd. £12 10s. "Welby, William, stationer, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £87 10s. He sold live shares of land in the Bermudas to Robert Rich, second Earl of War- wick. Welch, Edward, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Weld, Sir Humphrey, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Fourth son of .John Weld, of Eaton in Cheshire, by his wife Joaima, daughter of John FitzHugh of Congleton ; born about 1546 ; admitted as a member of the Court of Assistants of the Grocers' Company, May 3, 1596 ; assessed at £60 for iiis share of the Grocers' Com- pany's contribution towards loan levied on the city of London by the queen in 1598 ; an alderman of London for Farringdon ward ; sheriff of London in 1599 ; a member of the Rus. Co. ; kniglited by King James, July 26, 1603 ; Lord Mayor of London, 1608- 09; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609. He took an active part in advancing the interest of the Virginia colony during the term of his mayoralty. He gave £100 to be distributed among the several hospitals ; died November 29, 1610, aged 64, and is buried in St. Olave's, London ; mar- ried Mary Ann, daughter of Nicholas Wheeler, Esq., and left a son and successor, John Weld, afterwards knighted, who was also interested in Virginia. In the Warden's Accounts of the Grocers' Company, A. D. 1610-11, is the following : " Item, Receaved of the Right Worshipful Dame Mary Weld wydowe and John Weld Esqre Executors of the Right worshipful Sir Humfrey Weld kniglit deceased the the some of £20 by him given to make a dynner for the Livery of tliis Com- pany attending his corps to Church on the day of his funeral." Weld, John, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £37 10s. Of Arnolds, County Middlesex ; son of Sir Hum- frej^ aforesaid ; founder of Southgate Chapel, Edmonton parish, Middlesex, which was consecrated by Bishop King in 1615. I take him to be the Sir John Wilde who was knighted at Theo- bald's, November 11, 1617. He died in 1622, and was buried in the chapel, Edmonton, where there is a monument to his memory. He married Frances, daughter of William Whitmore, Esq., and was the ancestor of the Welds of Lulworth, Dorset. Weld, John, gentleman. N. Fid. Co. Son of John Weld, of London ; was a first cousin to John Weld, es- quire and knight, aforesaid. He was "of London Towne Clarke and of Willey Com. Sallop Esqr," and was living in 1633 (see Visitation, ii. 336) ; admitted to the office of town clerk, April 27, 1613 ; discliarged by Com- mon Council, October 27, 1642 ; knighted in 1642 ; readmitted town clerk, September 21, 1660, and died in 1666 ; married Elizabeth, eldest WELLES — WEST 1045 daughter of Sir William Romney of Loudon, knight and alderman. Welles, Thomas, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £'2o. There was a Wil- liam Wells, grocer, at this time ; but no Thomas. However, there was a Thomas Wells of London, mercer. I suppose this to be either \A'illiam Welles, grocer, or Thomas Welles, mercer. There nuist be a mistake cither as to his Christian name, or as to his occupatiou. Weutworth, Sir John. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £12 10s. Of Gosfield, County Essex ; licensed to travel for three years, February 20, 1604; again licensed to travel for three years, July 25, 1009 ; created a baronet, June 29, 1611 ; married a daughter of Sir Moyle Finch ; died in October, 1631. He was probably M. P. for Wottou Basset in 1601. Wentworth, Thomas, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. . This was either Thomas AVentworth, Esq., of North Elmsal, Yorkshire, born about 1590, and died in 1650, who married, first, Mary, daughter of Sir William Bam- borough, and, secondly, Martha, daugh- ter of Sir Thomas Hayes, Lord Mayor of London ; or Thomas Wentworth, Esq., of Wentworth Woodhouse in Yorkshire, born April 13, 1593 ; the unfortunate statesman, so well known in history as the Earl of Strafford ; beheaded on Tower Hill, May 12, 1611. He married, first, Lady Margaret Clif- ford, daughter of Francis, Earl of Cumberland, and, secondly. Lady Ara- bella Holies, daughter of John, Earl of Clare. "West Pedigree. (Extract.) Sir Thomas West ^, second Lord De la Warr, of the new creation, married, November 19, 1571, Anne, daughter of Sir Francis Knollys, by his wife, Katherine Gary (first cousin to Queen Elizabeth, and sister to Henry Cary, first Lord Hunsdon), and had issue, thirteen children, as follows : — i. Elizabeth, born September 11, 1573 ; sponsors in baptism, Queen Elizabeth, the Countess of Lincoln ^, and the Earl of Leicester 3. (She married, in 1594, Herbert Pelham, Sr., and had issue, Thomas Pelham, Esq., of the Va. Co ) ii. Robert, born January 3, 1575 ; sponsors, the Earl of Leicester'*, Sir Francis Knollys'', and the Countess of AN'arwick ^. (He married, but died without issue in June, 1594.) iii. Thomas, born July 9, 1577 ; sponsors, Sir Thomas Sherley *', Mr. West^ of Testwood, and the Lady Anne Askin ^. (See hereafter.) iv. Walsiugham, born November 13, 1578 ; sponsors. Sir Francis Walsiug- ham '••, the Lord De la Warr ^'^, and the Countess of Pembroke ^^. (He died young.) V. Lettice (or Letitia), born Novem- ber 24, 1579 ; sponsors, the Countess of Essex ^'-, the Lady Leyghtou ^^, and the Lord Hunsdon ^*. vi. Anne, born May 21, 1581 ; spon- sors, the Lady Anne Askin,^ the Lady Cary ^^, and Sir Christopher Hattou ^^. vii. Penelope, born September 9, 1582 ; sponsors, the Lady Penelope Rich 1'', the old Lady Chandose '*, Mr. Philip Sidney ^^, and Mr. Folke Gre- vell 20. (She married, in 1599, Her- bert Pelham, Jr., and had issue, six- teen children, of whom the following went to New England, viz. : Herbert (first treasurer of Harvard College), William, John, Elizabeth, and Penel- ope, who married Gov. Richard Bel- lingham.) viii. Katherine, born December 27, 1583; sponsors, Catherine, Countess of Huntingdon '^\ tlie Lady Catherine Howard --, and William Knollys '■^^. (Said to have died young.) ix. Francis, born October 28, 1586 ; sponsors, Sir Francis Knollys *, Mr. Francis Hastings ^■*, and the Countess of Hartford -°. (Went to Virginia (see hereafter).) X. Helena, bom December 15, 1587 ; sponsors, the Lady Helena, Marques of Northampton -^, the Lady Sidney ^", and the Earl of Essex '-®. (She married Sir William Savage of Winchester, recorder.) xi. Anne, born February 13, 1589 ; sponsors, the Lady Hennige-^, Mrs. Edmonds ^o, and Mr. John Stanhope ^^. (She married John, son of Sir Ben- jamin Pellet.) xii. John, born December 14, 1590; sponsors, Sir Jolm Norris ^-, Mr. John Foskir ^^, Mrs. Scudamore ^*, and Mrs. Ratelifi'e ^^ (Went to Virginia (see hereafter).) xiii. Nathaniel, born November 30, 1592 ; sponsors. Sir Francis Knollys, 1046 WEST Jr. 8s, Mr. Tasbnrgh ^'', and the Lady- Robert KnoUys^^. (Went to Virginia, and died there (see hereafter).) The second Lord De la Warr died at Wherwell, Southampton, on the 24:th of March, 1G02, and was succeeded by his second, but eklest surviving son, Sir Thomas West, of whom here- after. Notes on the West Pedigree. 1. He was a great-grandson of Sir Thomas West, eighth Lord De la Warr, who was installed a Knight of the Garter in the second year of King Henry VIIL He was of an ancient and honorable family. Old Gerard Legh, in his " Accedens of Armorie " (1568), says, " This noble Knight of worthy fame did beare twelve severall cotes [of arms]. The first whereof is Argent, a fesse dans^, Sable, by the name of West. The second Geules, crusul^ boton^ fytche, a Lion ram- pande Argent, by the name of La- warre. The third is Azure, three Leopardes Heads jessant Flowers Or, by the name of Cantelupe. The fowerth [giving the arms] Mortimer." Fifth Peverell ; sixth Tregose ; sev- enth Forte ; eightli Fitzperse ; ninth Verst. " The tenth. Argent, on a bende betweene two bendelets geules, three mullettes Or, persed, by the name of Hakelet " [Hakluyt]. Elev- enth Grisley, and twelfth Thorley. This old baron and Knight of the Garter married twice, and by his wives left five sons and four daughters who married into the leading families of England. 2. Elizabeth, third wife of Edward Clinton, Earl of Lincoln. She is known as Surry's " Fair Geraldine." Her nephew, Gerald Fitzgerald, Lord Ophely, married Catherine Knollys, the child's aunt. The Wests and Clin- tons were also nearly related. 3. Robert Dudley, Earl of Leices- ter, the child's cousin. 4. The child's grandfather. 6. Lady Anne Russell, wife of Am- brose Dudley, Earl of Warwick. G. The child afterwards married his daugliter. 7. Tlie child's great-uncle. 8. Probably Anne, daughter of the Earl of Lincoln, who married Sir Fran- cis Ascouffh. 9. Patron of American colonization by the English. 10. The child's grandfather, distin- guished at St. Quintin ; the first Lord De la Warr of the new creation. 11. Mary Sidney, the child's cousin. 12. The child's aunt ; and then really the wife of 3. 13. The child's aunt. 14. The patron of Cavendish, and great-uncle to the child. 15. Anne, daughter of Sir Thomas Morgan and wife of 14. 16. Patron of Sir Francis Drake. 17. Penelope Devereux, sister to the Earl of Essex, and first cousin to the child. " The Stella " of Sir Philip Sidney. She was then the wife of Lord Rich, and became the mother of the second Earl of AVarwick. 18. She married, secondly, William Knollys, the child's uncle. 19. The celebrated Sir Philip Sid- ney, and (20) his friend Foulke Gre- veil. 21. Daughter of John Dudley, Duke of Northumberland. 22. Daughter of 14. 23. The child's uncle. 24. The father of George, fourth Earl of Huntingdon. 25. Frances, sister of Charles How- ard, and second wife of Edward Sey- mour, Earl of Hertford. 26. She married, secondly, Sir Thomas Gorges. 27. Frances, daughter of Sir Fran- cis (9) Walsingham, and widow of Sir Philip Sidney (19). 28. Robert Devereux, Earl of Es- sex, whom 27 afterwards married. 29. Anne, daughter of Sir Nicholas Poyntz, and wife of Sir Thomas Hene- age. (She was a friend to the Rev. Jolm Fox.) 30. ? 31. Afterwards Lord Stanhope. 32. He commanded the joint expedi- tion with Drake to Portugal. 33. 34, 35. I cannot identify these with any certainty. 36. The child's uncle. He com- manded a ship in Drake's voyage to America in 1585-86. 37. Married the child's aunt. 38. Married the child's uncle. ■West, Captain Francis, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. 25. Born October 28, 1586 (see West pedigree) ; went to WEST 1047 Virginia with Newport about July, 1G08; elected a meraber of the council there in August, 1609, and soon after, while at " The Falles " (Richmond) an "unkindness" arose between Captain Smith and him. Spelman says, " Capt. Smith at that time replied litell, but afterward conspired with the Pow- hatan to kill Capt. Weste, which plott took but small effect, for in ye mean- time Capt. Smith was aprehended, and sent abord for England." About January, 1610, Captain West returned to England in the Swallow, arriving there in May. He probably returned to Virginia the same year (1610) in June or December. After Percy left in 1612, West succeeded him as commander at Jamestown, in which office he continued for many years, being, I am quite sure, a mem- ber of the council also. He was cer- tainly a member of the Council in Vir- ginia from April, 1619, to February, 1633. He was one of those who, in 1620, petitioned to have " some man of qualitye sent Governor unto Vir- ginia." In January, 1622, he was one of the signers of the certificate indorsing Capt. John Martin ; March 22, 1622, in the great massacre, the Indians killed two men on his jjlantation " at Westover, about a mile from Berkley Hundred." In November, 1622, he was commissioned by the New England Council to be admiral of New Eng- land ; his instructions having been drawn up by Sir Ferdinando Gorges. He was in Virginia in March, 1623 ; went to New England in May or June ; returned to Virginia ; again in New England in August, and was still there when the governor, Robert Gorges, arrived " about ye middle of Septem- ber." " Captaine Francis West, ye aforesaid admirall," had also been ap- pointed a member of the Governor's Council. He left New England soon after, and had arrived in Virginia some time prior to February 16, 1624, when he was living "at West and Sherley hundred Hand." " Westover " and " Sherley," the original plantations of his brothers and himself, are now historic seats on the James. In 1625 he was living, for some reason, on the company's land in "Elizabeth Cittie," and his brother Nathaniel's widow, Mrs. Frances West, and her infant son Nathaniel were living with him. About November 14, 1627, he was elected governor of Virginia, and con- tinued in that office until March o, 1629, when Dr. John Pott was elected in his place, as he had been chosen to go to England to settle some disputes. He arrived in England in the same year, and while there he resisted the planting of Lord Baltimore's proposed colony within the limits of Virginia. He returned to Virginia prior to De- cember, 1631, when I find him attend- ing a meeting of the council here ; again in February and September, 1632, and in February, 1633. After the last date I have found no mention of him in our records. " There is a tradition in the Earl of De la Warr's family that he was drowned." May 2, 1645, on the recommenda- tion of the Lord Mayor, Aldermen, and Common Council of London the House of Lords appointed a Colonel Francis West to be lieutenant of the Tower of London. He died August 11, 1652. The members of tlie Virginia Council are always styled " Colonel " in our old records, and this may be our Virginia colonel ; but the name is a hard one to trace. There were at least three " armigers " of this name living in or about London at this time. West, John, esquire. Twelfth cjiild of the second lord (see West pedigree). At the time of the massa- cre, March, 162 J, Capt. Francis West, Master John West, and Capt. Nathan- iel West, each had a plantation " at Westover, about a mile from Berkley Hundred," and the Indians killed two men at each plantation. I do not know when he first came to Virginia; he was a burgess 1629-30; member of the council, 1630 to his death ; gov- ernor of the colony from May, 1635, to January, 1637 ; marshal and muster master-general, 1641. He died about 1659, leaving, by his wife Anne, a son John, many of whose descendants have been distinguished in the annals of this country. West, John, grocer, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £50. The name of his first wife, who was the motlier of his chil- dren, is not known to me. He mar- ried, secondly, Catharine, daughter of Giles Hambier, of Ghent in Flanders 1048 WEST (see Katharine West), and died about 1614, leaving a son, John West, Jr. (next), and a daughter Mary, who married William Harrison. West, John, Jr., grocer. Of the B. I. Co., sou of the above. West (Fust), Katharine, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. She married, first, Richard Fust, of Hill, Gloucester (said to have been of the family of John Fust, of Mentz in Germany, who, about the year 1430, invented the art of printing) ; he died in December, 1613 ; she then married John West, grocer; and then Sir Edward Conway. Her will is dated March 29, 1637. She left a large sum for charity in the care of the Grocers, with Mary Harrison (the daugliter of John West, grocer, aforesaid) as an executrix. West, Nathaniel, esquire. Thir- teenth child of second lord. (See West pedigree and the sketches of his brothers.) He died in Virginia be- tween April, 1623, and February, 1624. West, Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £500. Third Lord De la Warr (see West pedigree) ; born July 9, 1577 ; educated at Oxford, and was a master of arts of that university ; knighted by Essex at Dublin, Ii-eland, Jidy 12, 1599. I have few particulars of his early life ; but he served with distinction in the Low Countries, and probably this fact, or the fact tliat he was a very strong Church of England man, will account for the evident bit- terness of Zuniga towards him. He was implicated in the Essex rebellion, February 8, 1601, and was imprisoned "at Wood Street counter." On Feb- ruary 19, Essex " asked pardon of his father for bringing his son into danger, who was unacquainted with the whole matter." His father, the second lord, died March 24, 1602, and he succeeded as third Lord De la Warr, and also as a member of the Privy Council of Queen Elizabeth, and, on her death, became a privy councilor to James 1. He took the most active interest in tlie American enterprise, and from about 1608 to his death he devoted his life to tlie movement for establishing Eng- lish Protestant colonies in the New World ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609; first governor and captain-general for life, February 28, 1610. ()n his first voy- age, and in Virginia, from March, 1610, to June, 1611. He died while on his way to Virginia, June 7, 1618, and the news of his death reached England October 5 following. John Pory says "he died in Canada." Baker, in his Chronicles, says " he arrived and died in Virginia." (The Virginia of that day extended to 45° north latitude.) Smith says " his ship stood in for the coast of New England." It seems quite certain that he died on our northern shore. Stitli says, " And I think I have somewhere seen that he died about tlie mouth of the Delaware Bay;" but this idea must have been purely imaginary, for I have searched in vain for any evidence of it. He was married, on November 25, 1596, in the old church of St. Duustan in the West, Fleet Street, London, to " Cesellye, daughter of Sir Thomas Shei'ley," and sister of the three cele- brated brother travelers. The cere- mony was performed by the Rev. Thomas White, D. D., prebendary of St. Paul's Cathedral, vicar of St. Dunstan's from 1575 to 1624, and founder of the celebrated Sion College, London. The third lord's son and successor, Henry, fourth Lord De la Warre, mar- ried Isabella, daughter of Sir Thomas Edmonds. He was elected M. C. for Va. Co. February 5, 162 1. During 1619-23, his mother, the Lady De la Warre, and himself transferred to others many shares of land in Virginia. Soon after the death of the third lord, James I. granted his widow Cecily a pension of £500 per annum for thirty-one years, to be paid out of the customs of the plantation, and in 1634, the said grant being more than half expired, she petitioned Charles I. for a renewal of the same " for thirty- one years from the present time," on the ground " that the great profits and advantages accruing from thence are due to the large sums of money ex- pended by her late husband out of her jointure, while he was settling the plantation, where he died and k-i't her burdened Avith many debts, and only £10 per annum to maintain herself and seven children." We find the great services rendered by the third Lord De la Warr, in the matter of founding the colony, officially ac- knowledged at various times by the WEST — WHEATLEY 1049 crown, by the company, and by the col- ony ; and if any one man can be called the fonnder of Virginia (i. e., this country) 1 believe that he is that man. The late representative of Great Brit- ain in the United States, the Hon. Sackville-West, descends from him in the direct male line. West, Captain William. Lord De la Warr's nephew. He was killed by the Indians at the falls of James River, Virginia, in 1611. Weston, Garret. Pd. £12 lOs. Westro'w, John, 2. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Westwood, Humfrey, goldsmith, 2. Sub. ;pd. £62 10s. The gold ore which Ralegh brought from Gui- ana, in 1.j95, was first assayed by Master Westwood, a refiner, dwelling in Wood Street. He was on the "jury of sixteen of the most honest, skillfullest, and best reputed gould- smiths," who tried the money in the mint. May 9, 1611 ; died in 1622, and was buried at Tottenham. Wetwood (Welwood ?), Ran- dall, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Weymouth, Captain George. Made a voyage to discover a Northwest passage in 1593 ; another. May to September, 1602 ; to our New Eng- land coast, March to July, 1605 ; pen- sioned in 1607 ; employed at Wool- wich in 1609. Weynman — Wenman — Wey- man — Waynenian — Wayman — Waynam, etc.. Sir Ferdinando, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Master of the ordnance in Virginia, 1610. " June 28, 1620, Sir Ferdinando Weynman al- lowed upon account to his daughter, for £100, adventured with ye Lord La Warr, 4 shares in Virginia." " More allowed his said daughter for adven- ture of his person, 4 shares in Vir- ginia " (from Va. Co. Records). Thomas Wa.yneman, esquire, mar- ried, June 9, 1572, Jane West, an aunt of the third Lord De la Warr. Sir Ferdinando was their son. Mr. Neill, in " Virginia Vetusta " (p. 75, note), says he " married Ann, daughter of Sir Samuel Sandys, and her sister became the wife of Sir Francis Wyatt, after- wards governor of Virginia." Weynman (etc.), Sir Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Of Oxford; knighted at the Charterhouse, May 11, 1603. Sir Robert and Sir Francis Wenman were also members of the Va. Co. at a later period. Wharton, Sir George, 2. Sub, ; pd. . Eldest son of the third Lord Wharton. M. P. for West- moreland in 1601 ; made a Knight of the Bath at the coronation of King James, July 25, 1603 ; fell in a duel with his friend, Sir James Stuart, son of Lord Blantyre, November 8, 1609 ; both combatants were slain, and both interred in one grave at Is- lington, by the king's command, on November 10, 1609. Wheatley — Whitley — Whit- ney, Thomas, grocer, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £87 10s. Of the E. I. and N. W. P. companies ; one of the com- mittee of directors of the Va. Co. of London, April 28, 1619; active in the affairs of that company and of the S. I. Co. during 1619-24 ; elected to his Majesty's Council of the Va. Co. in June, 1623. He was quite certainly the " well dis- posed gentleman that desires not to be named," who gave eight sermons yearly to the parish of St. Mildred, Poultry ; one to be delivered at the beginning of August in commemora- tion of God's great mercy in deliver- ing the nation from the Invincible Armada of Spain in 1588 ; another on the 17th of November, in commemora- tion of God's great mercy in deliver- ing us from under the more than Egyptian bondage of Popish slavery, and restoring true religion to this nation. The other six sermons to be preached in their several seasons upon the doctrines of the nativity, passion, resurrection, ascension of our Lord Jesus, upon the coming down of the Holy Ghost, and the Trinity. He 1050 .WHEELER — WHITBOURNE gave the minister fifteen shillings for preaching each sermon, and he gave ten shillings to the poor on the day of each sermon. By his will, in 1653, he increased the minister's fee to twenty shillings, and the gift to the poor to the same amount. He was also a benefactor of the Grocers' Company. Wheeler, Nicholas. Sub. £12 10s.; pd. £12 10s. "Wheeler, Thomas, draper, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Of the E. I. Co. Whistler, Francis, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Whitaker, Rev. Alexander, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Son of Rev. William Whitaker ; born at Cam- bridge in 1585 ; M. A. Cambridge about 1604 ; had a good parish in the northern part of England, but deter- mined to go as a missionary to Vir- ginia ; went with Dale in March, 1611, with pu^-pose to stay three years ; preacher to the colony at Hen- rico in 1612 and after ; living at Rock Hall, his parsonage, on the church land opposite Henrico in 1614 ; min- ister at Bermuda Nether Hundred in the spring of 1616 ; drowned before June, 1617. It has been claimed that he married Rolfe to Pocahontas ; but I have not seen the evidence of it, circumstantial or otherwise. The only evidence that I have seen is circumstantial, and it points quite conclusively to the Rev. Mr. Bucke, the minister at James- town, — where it is said the ceremony was performed, — the friend of Rolfe, and a witness to his will. Whitaker, Dr. (William). The father of Alexander Whitaker; a cele- brated Puritan divine ; born in 1547 ; became the head of St. John's College, Cambridge, and died in 1595. Nicholas Culverwell (a relative to Judith Cul- ver well, tlie first wife of Sir Thomas Smythe), a citizen of London, and Queen Elizabeth's merchant for wines, was the father of the famous Puritan divines, Ezekiel and Sannul Culverwell, and of three daughters, who married respectively Dr. Laurence Chaderton, Dr. Thomas Gouge, the father of Dr. William Gouge, and Dr. William Whitaker. Miss Culverwell was Dr. Whitaker's fii-st wife, and the mother of Rev. Alexander Whitaker, and others. The doctor married, second- ly, April 8, 1591, Joan, widow of Rev. Dudley Fenner, who, it is said, bore him eight children ; but this seems unreasonable, as the doctor died December 4, 1595, having survived his marriage only about four years and eight months. Many in America claim descent from him. Whitbourne, Captain Richard. Of Exmouth, Devonshire ; a traveler and adventurer into foreign countries at 15 years of age ; often in France, Spain, Italy, Portugal, Savoy, Den- mark, Norway, Sprucela/id, the Ca- naries and Soris Islands ; and New- foundland was almost as well known to him as his own countr}'. He made his first voyage thither about 1579 ; was there in 1583, wheu Sir Humfrey Gilbert took possession and sailed from thence towards Virginia ; was again there in 1585, when Sir Bernard Drake came with a commission, and took many Portugal ships laden with fish and carried them to England as prizes. He served in a ship of his own against the Spanish Armada in 1588, and afterwards made frequent voy.'vges to Newfoundland. On one of these voyages in 1610, he saw something which he supposed was a " Maremaide," but "whether it were a Maremaid or no," he wisely left " for others to judge." While on that coast he fell into the hands of the arch-pirate, Peter Eastou, in 1612, and of Sir Henry Manwai'ing in 1614. He returned to Newfoundland with a commission out of the High Court of Admiralty in 1615 ; a ship of his was taken by a " French Pyrate of Ro- chell " in 1616 ; was again sent over with a commission (tliis time from Henry Viscoimt Falkland) in 1618. He published " A Discourse and Dis- covery of Newfoundland " in 1620, which the king and council indorsed by letter of June 30, 1621. He pub- lished as a sequel to this in 1622 " A Discourse Containing A Loving In- vitation . . . for the advancement of his Majesties most hopefuU Plantation in the New-Fovnd-Land." Dedicated to Henry Viscount Falkland. By letter of April 12, 1022, the king gave Whitbourne the sole benefit of print- ing his book for one and twenty years; HENRY vVRIOTHESLEY Third Earl of Souihamptoii WHITBOURXE — WHITE 1051 commended the book to the Arch- bishops of Canterbury and York ; had it distributed in the several parishes " for the incourageraent of Adventur- ers unto the phintatiou there " and ordered collections to be made in all the parishes " towards tlie charge of printing and distributing these bookes, and the said Captaine Whitbourne's good endeavours, and service with ex- pence of his time and meanes in tlie advancing of the said Plantation ; and his severall great losses received at Sea by Pyrats and otherwise, of which his Maiesty hath beene ci'edibly certi- fied . . . which will be both a good incouragemeut unto others in the like indeavours for the service of their country, and some reward to him for his great charge." He was still living November 10, 162G, when he wrote a letter calen- dared as " Sir Rich. Wliitbourne to the Duke of Buckingham ; " but I cannot find that he was ever knighted. From this letter and an accompanying certificate signed by Sir Edward Sey- mour, John Drake, and eight others, he seems to be intending to settle him- self and others in Newfoundland. He was then over sixty, I suppose. I find nothing more of him. Capt. John Smith, in his " General History," gives some extracts from Whitbourne's publications, but calls him incorrectly " Captaine Charles Whitbourne." It is highly probable that Smith desired just such a letter (in his behalf and in the behalf of his books) as that from the king, of April 12, 1G22, to the archbishops. White, James, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. White, Captain John. Went with Lane to Roanoke in lo85, and re- mained there until taken off by Drake in 1586. He was an artist ; made maps of the country, and drawings of the inhabitants and of all curious things. jSIany of these paintings are now in the Sloaue collection and in the Grenville Library in the British Museum. One of those to whom Ra- legh assigned, January 7, 1587 ; sailed with the unfoiiunate colony to Roan- oke, May 18; returned to England for supplies, November 8, 1587. Again sailed, April 25 ; but returned in May, 1588, without reaching the colony ; one of those in the Indenture, March 7, 1589; some of his maps, drawings, etc., were engraved by De Bry in Hariot's Report of the Newfoundland of Virginia in 1590 ; again sailed to Roanoke on the voyage of March- October, 1591. He wrote to Ralegh " from my house at Newtowne in Kyl- more, February 4, 159-t." (Several of the De Bry engravings were used in Smith's " (reueral History.") White. John. Son of Henry White of Henllan, Pembroke, esquire, and his wife Jane, daughter of Thomas Fletcher; was born June 29, 1590; at Oxford, 1G07-1C11; "afterwards stud- ied law and became a barrister and counselor of eminence, and one of the masters of the bench in the Middle Temple ;" elected M. C. for Va. Co. in May, 1623; counselor of the Mas- sachusetts Company, and is supposed to have drawn up their charter, 1628; M. P. for Southwark, from 1640 till his decease in January, 104 1. At the time of his death he was one of the lay members of the Westminster As- sembly. While a member of the Long Parliament, he served on the committee " to inquire into the scan- dalous immoralities of the clergy," and " The First Century of Scanda- lous, Malignant Priests iMade and ad- mitted into Benefices by the Prel- ates," was published by him, by order of Parliament, November 17, 1643. Among the " Malignant Priests " we find Rev. Lawrence Washington, the father of Colonel John, the Virginia emigrant. (John White, the Puritan, must not be confused with John White, the Royalist, who v/as M. P. for Rye, April-Maj', 1640, and of the Long Parliament from November 3, 1640, till disabled as a Royalist, February 5, 1G4|.) White, Leonard, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Of the E. I. Co.; on January 9, 1610, his adventure and freedom in the E. I. Co. were made over to Sir Richard Lovelace. White, Thomas, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £62 10s. Of the E. I. Co. White, William. He had formerly lived with tlie Indians. Tliere was a William White among the Roanoke colonists of 1585-86; a Capt. William 1052 WHITLEY — WHITSON White was exploring Guiana in South America about 1609 ; and William White of London, linen-draper, who died about June, 1627, had interests in Virginia (see his will in " N. E. Reg- ister," January, 1887, p. 63). I have a presentiment that the life of William White was very interesting, and I do not forgive Purchas for suppressing his description of Virginia. Whitley. See WJaeatley. Whitmore, George, haberdasher, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Son of Wil- liam Whitmore by his wife, Anne Bond (sister of Capt. Martin Bond); an incorporator of the E. I. Co. ; sher- iff of London, 1621-22 ; alderman of Farringdon Within ward, June 2, 1621, to November 7, 1626, then of Langbourue ward to May, 1643 ; on the Virginia Commission, July 15, 1624 ; Lord Mayor of London, 1631- 32 ; knighted May 27, 1632 ; seated at Balmes, in Hackney Parish, Mid- dlesex; a devoted Royalist, assisted the king with money to the extent of £15,000, and was imprisoned because he would contribute nothing for the service of Parliament ; died Decem- ber, 1654 ; a great benefactor to St. Paul's Cathedral and to the Haber- dashers. Three of his sisters mar- ried persons named in this Dictionary, namely: Margaret, Sir Richard Grob- ham, Elizabeth, Sir William Craven, and Frances, Sir John Weld. Whitson, Master John. Born at Clearwell, in the parish of Newland, in the County of Gloucester, about 1575 ; went to Bristol about 1575 ; was servant to Mr. Trenchard, a wine- cooper in Nicholas Street, who fitted out ships for the sea in that line, and probabh' had some share in their car- goes ; became first clerk in his mas- ter's counting-house, and when his master died he married his widow and carried on the business. When the King of Spain laid the embargo of 1585 on English ships, he was one of the Bristol merchants who sent out the " ]Marv-flowre," a ship of war to take " Spauiardes goods at sea ; " the venture was successful; but Whitson, not liking the business, sold out to Mr. Thomas James, and never after held any part in " any prizall goods." He gave many instances of his charity in times of scarcity and sickness. He served the office of mayor of Bristol in 1603, in his house in St. Nicholas Street ; in which year he aided in sending Capt. Martin Pring to our New England coast, on which voyage Whitson's Head (now Cape Cod) and AVhitson's Baj^ (now Cape Cod Bay) were named for him. AVe find him re- peatedly representing Bristol, in sun- dry cases, before the courts at London ; M. P. for Bristol, 1605-11 and 1614; mayor of Bristol, 1615. " There was a great question for precedencie be- tween M'. Whitson and M^ James, in the yeares 1616, and 1617 ; but in the end M'. James yeelded and M". Whit- son and M^ James were made good freends." M. P. for Bristol, 1621-22, in which Parliament he voted with the " free traders." Admitted into the Va. Co. of London, May 22, 1622 ; again M. P. for Bristol, 1625. " No- vember 7, 1626, he was violently as- saulted by one Christopher Callowhill, who having a naked knife in his hand stabbed him therewith, through the nose and lip into his mouth, thinking to have killed him; the occasion was a matter of debt, referred to him (Whitson) to settle as arbitrator." " Alderman Whitson died with a fall from his horse, and was buried on Mounday, March 9, 162 1, in the Crowd of St. Nicholas Church, in Bristol ; " where there is a monument, " In Memory of that great Benefactor, to This City, John Whitson, merchant, twice Mayor and Alderman, and four times member in Parliament for this city; who died in the seventy-second year of his age, A. D. 1629. A wor- thy Pattern to all that come after him!" In his will, dated March 27, 1627, we find, among others, the fol- lowing bequests: — To fifty-two chilf! Bf^d women, To The Reil Mai.l's Hospital, To the Redcliff Free School, To the Merchant's Almshouse, To Poor Scholars of Oxford, To Poor Housekeepers, To Poor Widows, To St. Nicholas Clmrch, £500. to the use of Merchants and poor Tradesmen, interest free." He wrote " The Aged Christian's final farewell to the world and its vanities," which was first published " Per annuin. £ s. d. 52. 0. 0. I'iO. 0. 0. 8. 10. G. 2G. 0. 0. 20. 0. 0. 52. 0. 0. 2G. 0. 0. 3. 0. 0. WHITTINGH AM — WILMOT 1053 in 1729, one hundred years after bis deatli. He married three times; one of his wives was grandmother of John Au- brey, the antiquary and naturalist. Whittiiigham, John, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. "Late ap- prentice to M'. Alderman Wclde ; sworn to Freedom, January 10, 1598; nihil quia Aldermannuo (no fee); ad- mitted to the livery, May 22, 1G13." (Grocers' Records.) "Whittingham, Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. . In September, 1G09, master's mate, Henry Ravens and the Cape Merchant, Thomas Whittingham sailed in the long boat from the Ber- mtulas for Virginia, and were never heard of again. "Wickham, Rev. Williain. He was still serving at Henrico in 1G19, and possibly until 1621 a member of the council in Virginia in 1619; sev- eral members of this family were in the East India service, and it is said that the first reference to tea, by a native of Britain, is found in a letter written in the East Indies by a Mr. Wickham, June 27, 101-5. Widowes, Richard, goldsmith, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Wiffin, David. Pd. £12 10s. Wiffin, Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Went to Virginia in 1007. Wigmore, Sir Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Of Herefordshire ; knighted at Newark, April 22, 1003. In lOOl and 1605 he was licensed to import 10,000 lasts of cod and ling fish for twenty years. "Wilde. (See Weld.) Wilkes, Edward, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Willeston — Wollaston, Hugh, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. I believe this to be the son of William Wollas- ton, of Trescott Grange, by his wife, "Miss eJordaine of Dunsley." He was born in 1553 ; came to Virginia in 1008, and died there in 1009. His' nephew, John Wollaston, who received a grant of New Hampshire, April 18, 1035, which he transferred to his brother-in-law. Capt. John Mason, June 11, 1035, was Lord Mayor of London, 1644-45, and active under Cromwell. Willeston — Wollaston, Wil- liam, 3. Sub. ; pd. £37 10s. Probably the first cousin to John Wol- laston, the Lord Mayor of London, 16 11 1 5. He was born in 1580; sher- iff of Leicestershire, 1029, and of Staf- fordshire, 1630 ; died December 10, 1666, aged 86. (The Captain Wollaston who went with Ralegh to Guiana, in 1617, was probably the same who went to Mas- sachusetts about 1625.) Willet (or Wiliest), John, cloth- worker, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. 37 10s. Willet (or Wiliest), William. Pd. £12 10s. Williamson, Sir Richard, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Son of John William- son, Esq., of Gainsborough, Lincoln- shire, by his second wife, Jane, daugh- ter of Christopher Dobson, Esq.; knighted at Whitehall, May 30, 1604; in some service on the borders in 1607-08 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609. He was master of requests in 1612, and high stewai'd of the borough of East Relford, Notts ; M. P. for Richmond in 1614. The records of the Va. Co. show that he died before 1620 ; but I cannot find when or where. V/illiamson, William. Pd. £50. Of the E. L Co. Willoughby, Sir Percival, 3. Sub. £75; pd. £50. Knighted April 21, 1603 ; M. P. for Nottinghamshire, 1604-11 ; for Tamworth, 1614 ; died about the beginning of the civil war. Wilmer, Andrew, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Wilmer, Clement, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. May 8, 1622, he transferred to George Wilmer two shares of land in Virginia. "Wilmer, George, esquire, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Seated at Stratford le Bow, County Middlesex ; married Margaret, daughter of Marmaduke Tweng, Esq., of Yorkshire ; May 8, 1622, purchased two shares in Virginia of Clement Wilmer ; on the Virginia Commission of July 15, 1624 ; died in 1026, and was buried in the church at Westliam. Wilmot, Sir Charles, 2. Sub. 1054 WILSFORD — WINGFIELD £37 10s. ; pel. £52 10s. A distin- guished soldier in Ireland ; knighted by Essex at Dublin, August 5, 1599 ; constable of Castlemain, 1600 - 05 ; M. P. Launceston, 1614 ; president of Counaught, 1616 to his death in 1644; member of the Privy Council ; raised to the peerage of Ireland as Viscount Wihuot of Athlone, January 4, 1620. His son was created Earl of Rochester in 1652. "Wilsford, Sir Thomas, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £50. Of Ildinge, County Kent ; knighted at Whitehall, November 20, 1607; ]M. P. for Canter- bury, 1625; married Elizabeth,,daugh- ter of Sir Edwyn Sandys, of North- bourne. ■Wilson, Felix, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. "Wilson, Thomas, esquire, 2. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £37 10s. About the year 1603 he was employed by Salis- bury, on secret service in Spain, and was awarded a pension for the same. He became a secretary to Salisbur}^, and keeper of the state papers ; M. P. Newton, 1605-11 ; was much inter- ested in new discoveries, foreign com- merce, etc., and had many cori'esj^ond- ents abroad (see Purchas, i. pp. 408- 413, and the East India papers) ; lived " at his house at the Britaine Burse at the Strand;" knighted at Whitehall, July 20, 1618; keeper of Sir Walter Ralegh from September 9 to his exe- cution, October 29, 1618. On July 14, 1622, he wrote that " the Indians have killed in Virginia at least 300 or 400 English, and but for an accident, that gave warning, man, mother, and child had all been slain." "Wimarke. (See Wymarke.) "Wimbleton, Viscount. — Edward Cecil. Winch — "Wynche, Daniel, grocer, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Admitted a freeman of the Grocers by patrimony in 1591; paid £10 as his share of £20,- 000 levied on London by Queen Eliza- beth in 1598; married Sibbell Shortis, '^^U^ ^ >»xr?y»>*— «^ of London; resided in the parish of St. Mildred, Poultry. He was buried in that church, January 20, 162 1, and his widow, who bequeathed monej^ to the church, was buried therein, November 2, 1631 (see Wyche). One of the same name was a member of the Massachu- setts Company. "Wingfield Pedigree. (Extract.) Sir John Wingfield, of Letheringham, of a family famous for their knighthood and ancient nobility, dying in 1481, left by his wife, Elizabeth Lewis, three daughters and twelve sons. The elev- enth son, " Sir Richard Winglield, of Kimbolton Castle, one of the most dis- tinguished soldiers of the era in which he lived, was chancellor of the Duchie of Lancaster ; lord dejjuty of Callis; and made Knight of the Garter by Henry VIII. ; " married, first, Kath- erine, Duchess of Bedford and Buck- ingham (daughter of Richard Wood- ville. Earl Rivers, sister of Elizabeth, queen consort of Edward IV., aunt of Elizabeth, queen consort of Henry VII., and widow, first, of Henry Staf- ford, Duke of Buckingham, and, sec- ondly, of Jasper Tudor of Hatfield, Duke of Bedford), by whom Sir Rich- ard had no issue. He married, sec- ondly, Bridget, daughter of Sir John Wiltshire, and had all his children by her. He died July 22, 1525, while " ambassadour in Spain, and was buried at Toledo." He had, with other chil- dren, 1. Charles ; 2. Thomas-Maria ; and 3. James. 1. Charles, his heir, of Kimbolton, married Jane, sister to Sir Francis KnoUys (see West pedigree); and his great-grandson sold Kimbolton to Sir Henry Montague. (The references to Edward Wingfield, quoted in Neill's " Virginia Vetusta," pp. 7-8, evidently apply to a member of the Kimbolton branch of the family; which Edward, I think, was afterwards knighted.) 3. James, the third son of Sir Rich- ard, was in service in Ireland as early as 1574 (see George Lord Carew) ; was master of the ordnance there ; fought at Glenmalure, etc. 2. Thomas-Maria, apparently the second son of Sir Richard, was so christened by Queen Mary and Cardi- nal Pole (his sponsors in baptism). He was probably born about 1520 ; was M. P. for Huntingdonshire, 7 Edward VI., and in two Parliaments of Mary, and in 2 and 3 Philip and Mary. He married a daughter of Kerry or Kaye, WINGFIELD — WINXE 1055 of Yorkshire, who bore him several children, among whom were Edward- Maria (of wjiom hereafter) and Thomas-Maria, who commanded a company in Leicester's army in the Low Countries in 1585, and was knighted in Irehmd, in tlie GIvnes, by Sir William Russell, May 8, lo97. Sir Richard Wingiield's widow, the Lady Bridget, married, secondlj'. Sir Nicholas Hervey, gentleman of the privy chamber to Henry VIII., and bore him several children. Among her Hervey grandchildren (first cousins to Capt. Edward-Maria Wing-field) were George Lord Carew, William Lord Hervey (whose first wife, Mary, was widow of Henry, second Earl of Southampton and mother of Henry, the third earl), and Margaret Hqrvey, who married William Mildmay, first cousin to Governor Winthrop, of Mas- sachusetts (see Sir Henry Mildmay). Lady Bridget Wingfield married, thirdly, Sir Robert Tyrwhytt. Wingfield, Captain Edward-Ma- ria, esquire, 1, 2. Sub. ; pd. £88. " Of Stoneley Priorye " in Huntingdonshire ; born about 1560, probably before that date ; a soldier, as his forefatliers were ; served in Ireland ; then in the Low Countries, where he was a prisoner of war at Lisle, with Ferdiuando Gorges and others, in 1588; and afterwards served in Ireland. The only member of the first colony mentioned in the first charter who came with the first plant- ers to Virginia. He was elected. May 14, 1607, the first president of the first council in the first English colony in America. " There were never English- man left in a f orreigne Coimtrye in such miserie as wee were in this new-dis- covered Virginia." They were as- sailed by pestilence and famine. Wingfield was blamed for what he could not prevent, and was made a scapegoat by the other members of the council, who deposed him, not only from the presidency, but from the council also, September 10, 1607. He left Virginia April 10, and arrived in England May 21, 1608. I cannot find that he ever returned to Virginia again. He was still living, and unmarried, in 1613. When he died I do not know. He was a man of age (probably near fifty) and long experience in the wars when he went to Virginia, and was pre- sumably thought to be better qualified for the positit)n to which lie was elected than any other one of the colonists (see XLIX. for his defense of his services in Virginia); but in the midst of the terrible misfortunes which as- sailed the colonists, the serious charges were brought against him by his oppo- nents: that he was a Catholic, that he did not bring a Bible with him, that he conspired with the Spaniards to destroy Virginia, etc. He was of a Catholic family — Cardinal Pole and Queen Mary were sjjonsors for his father — and such charges brought against him under sucli circumstances necessarily destroyed every prospect of his useful- ness in a colony being established espe- cially in the interests of Protestantism, directly antagonistic to Romanism. During his absence in Virginia, in 1608, a relative named an infant son for him, which Edward-Maria was knighted ; died in 1670, and was buried at Richmond in Surrey. Mr. Richard and Sir Robert AVing- field also had interests in Virginia soon after 1616, and possibly before that date. Winne ("Wynne), Edmund, mer- chant-tailor, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; jid. 62 10s. Son of George; he patented lands in Virginia in 1621. Winne (Gwiun), Captain 0"wen, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s.; pd. £50. Son of Sir John Wynn (1553-1626), the author of the " History of the Gwydyr Family," by his wife Sidney, daughter of Sir William Gerrard. At the death of his elder brother. Sir Richard Wynne, baronet of Gwydyr, in 1649, Captain Owen (who, it seems, had been knighted) succeeded him in the baronetcy. He married Grace, daughter of Hugh Williams, and died about 1660. Winne (etc.). Captain Peter, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Died in A'ir- ginia in the spring of 1609. Not knowing of his death, and reposing especial confidence in him. Sir Tliomas Gates, having been wrecked on the Bermudas, selected him from the mem- bers of the council in Virginia to be his lieutenant-governor there, and sent to him, b\' a bark of Aviso, a particular commission. 1056 WINNE — WINWOOD "Winne — "Wynne, Capt. Thomas, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. "Winston, Dr. Thomas. Son of Thomas Wynstoii, of Panswick in Com. Gloucester, by bis wife Juditb, daugbter of Roger Lancaster, of Hert- fordsbire, was born in 1575 ; educated at Clare Hall, Cambridge ; studied medicine at Aquapeudente, Padua, and Basil; professor of physic at Gresbam College from 1615 to 1642; was a constant attendant on the meetings of the Va. Co. of London until October, 1621; was interested with Dr. Bobune in bis Virginia plantation in 1619; was one of the editors (appointed Decem- ber 15, 1619) of " A Declaration of the state of the Colonic and Affaires in Virginia," etc., published in 1620. William Capps, of Virginia, corre- sponded with him; was "Doctor iu Pbisick to our Dread Soveraigne Lord King Cbarles." He went abroad in 1642, and stayed about ten years in France; died October 24, 1655. His " Anatomy Lectures at Gresbam Col- lege, London," were published in 1659. Winter, Captain Edvv^ard. Son of Admiral Sir William Winter; with the Drake expedition to America, 1585-86; M. P. for Newport, 1586-87; served as captain of a ship against the Armada, 1588; M. P. Gloucestershire, 1588-89; knighted in 1595; M. P. Gloucestershire, 1601 ; was still living in January, 1608. He married a sister of Henry, first Marquis of Worcester, whose eldest son became famous for the part which he took towards discov- ering the steam-engine. Two of Capt. Edward Winter's sons, Frederick and Edward, came to Maryland in 1633. Winter, Master Nicholas. Son of Admiral Sir William Winter. "Winter, Captain "William. Com- manded the English fleet in tlie north, on the coast of Scotland ; partner in the Hawkins voyage, 1562-63 ; in charge of the ships at sea before New Haven (Havre) in August, 1563; in- terested iu the Hawkins voyage, 1564-65; sent with Sir Thomas Smith to demand of the King of France the restitution of Calais in 1567; inter- ested in the Hawkins voyage of 1567-69, and the subsequent events; conducted a great treasure of the Genoan merchants safely into the Netherlands iu 1569 ; knighted in 1573. Richard Eden dedicated " A very necessarie and profitable Booke concerning Navigation " to " Sir Wm. Wynter, Master of the Ordnance," in 1574. On November 4, 1575, bis wife, the Lady Mary Winter, died at his house in Seething Lane, London, and was buried at Lidney in the Forest of Dean, Gloucestershire. With Robert Beale, clerk of the council, he was em- ployed into Zealand, to demand the restitution of English ships in 1576. " A booke called the ' Treasure for Travellers,' " was dedicated to " Sir William Winter, Master of the Queues Maiesties Ordinance by Sea, Survaior of her highnesses marine causes," in 1578 ; commanded the ships before Fort-del-Ore in 1580; vice-admiral of England; distinguished himself in the fight with the Armada in 1588; founded the navy office in Seething Lane. The date of his death is not known to me. The names of three of his sons will be found in this work, Edward, Nicholas, and William. A great-grandson of Vice-admiral Winter was the cele- brated Sir Edward Wynter, who lived at Yorkhouse, Battersea, and died there in 1686. His epitaph quite casts that of Capt. John Smith into the shade. "Alone unarm'd a tyger he oppressed And crush'd to deatli the monster of a beast. Twice twenty mounted Moors he overthrew Singly on foot, some wounded, some he slew. Dispersed the rest — what more could Samson do? — True to his friends, a terror to his foes. — Here now iu peace his honor'd bones repose." ■Winter, Captain "William, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Sen of Vice-admiral Sir William Winter. He was stationed at Portsmouth in 1609, and was then the oldest captain in the navy, and bad served well for many years. "Wiuwood, Sir Ralph, 3. Sub. ; pd. £75. Born at Aynhoe iu Northamptonshire about 1565 ; fellow Magdalene College, Oxford, 1582 ; M. A. June, 1587 ; bachelor of civil law, 1590, and proctor in 1592. He was secretary to Sir Henry Neville, ambassador to France, iu 1599 ; ap- pointed by King James as resident counselor to the States General, June 24, 1603; knighted at Riclimond, June 28, 1607; joint-ambassador to Holland, August, 1607 ; ambassador to the Hague 1608 to 1613; M. P. for Buck- ingham, 1614 ; made a secretary of WIRRALL — WOLSTENHOLME 1057 state in Marcb, 1614 ; member S. I. Co., June 29, 1615. He was bitterly opposed to Spain, and is said to liave urged Ralegh, on his voyage to Guiana iu 1617, "to break the peace at all hazards, and to fall upon the Mexico fleet as the best means of bringing James I. to a rupture with Spain;" but he died before Ralegh's return, at his house in the Great Bartholomew's, London, October 27 or 28, 1617, and was buried in the church of St. Bar- tholomew the Less. "Wirrall, Sir Hugh, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Knighted at Whitehall, July L3, 1603. He settled a plantation iu Ireland called " Mouaghan." Withers, John, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Of Manydown, Hants, who married Joane, daughter of John Love, Esq., of Basing. He died in 1620, and was buried at Wotton June 2, in that year. George Wither, the celebrated poet, was the son of his half- brother George. Anthony Withers, Esq. (baptized July 19, 1585), the son of John Withers (aforesaid), was ad- mitted into the Va. Co. of London, July 24, 1621, and became a very active member. Wodenoth, Arthur. Author of " A Short Collection of the most Re- markable Passages from the Originall to the dissolution of the Virginia Com- pany. London Printed by Richard Cotes for Edward Husband, at the Golden Dragon in Fleet Street, 1651." He was not a member of the Va. Co. of London until some time after 1612. He was a goldsmith in Foster Lane, London ; was related to Nicholas Ferrar, through Ferrar's mother (who was Mary Wodenoth), and, like Ferrar, he was a constant friend to the poet, George Herbert, whose eyes he closed at death, and whose executor he was. He was deputy governor of the S. I. Co. in 1614; but was dead at the time of the publication of his aforesaid tract in 1651. Wollaston. See Willeston. Wolley, Sir Francis, 2. Sub. ; pd. . Knighted at Chai-ter- house. May 11, 1603, as of Lincoln- shire ; " clerk of the pipe of the ex- chequer ; " died about 1610, and was buried in St. Paul's, Faringdon Ward Within, London. He was probably the M. P. for Haslemere in 1601. "Wolstenholme, Henry, gent., 3. Sub. ; pd. . Son of Sir John (whom see) ; of N. W. P. Co. ; died in the wars in the Palatinate while serving under Sir Horatio Vere. Wolstenholme, John, esquire, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Son of Sir John (whom see); of N. W. P. Co. also ; M. P. for West Looe, 1625 and 1626 ; knighted in 1633 ; created a baronet 1665 ; died September 12, 1669, and was buried at Stanmore ; suffered great losses on account of his lo3alty to the king in the civil wars ; married Dorothy, youngest daughter of Hor- ace Lord Vere, but died childless. Wolstenholme, John, merchant, 2. Sub. £75; pd. £137 10s. His fa- ther, John Wolstenholme, younger son of an ancient Derbyshire family, came to London in the time of Edward VI., and obtained an office iu the custom- house. He died at Stanmore, iu Middlesex, where he lies buried, leav- ing by his wife, whose maiden name was Larkin, a daughter and three sons: Henry, who died unmarried ; John, of whom I write; and Thomas who died a commander in Muscovy. The second son, Sir John Wolsten- home, knighted by James I., was a farmer of the customs, and, acquiring great wealth, purchased Nostell Ab- bey in Yorkshire. Born about 1562; one of the incorporators of the E. I. Co. in December, 1600 ; one of the farmers of the customs in February, 1608 ; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609 ; one of those who sent Henry Hudson to the Northwest in April, 1610, when Hudson named Cape Wolstenholme for him ; one of the incorporators of the N. W. P. Co., July 26, 1612, and one of its first directors. One of those who purchased the Bermudas Islands from the Va. Co., November 25, 1612. Sir Thomas Smythe and himself em- ployed and paid the celebrated Ed- ward Wright to deliver courses of lectures to mariners and others. The purchasers of the Bermudas resigned the island to the crown, November 23, 1614. One of those who sent Bileth and Baffin to the Northwest Passage in 1615, in which voyage Wolstenholme's Sound was named for him. He had previously aided in sending three voy- ages to tlie Northwest, namely, Hud- 1058 WOLSTENHOLME — WOOD son (1610), Button (1612), and Gib- bons, and he again aided in sending Biletli and Baffin in 1616. He was a member of the S. I. Co., June 29, 1615 ; advancing the Vir- ginia enterprise constantly ; knighted at Whitehall, March 12,"^ 1617. His faith was strong in a Northwest pas- sage, and he was ever ready to try, try again. January 20, 1618, he urged the E. I. Co. to aid in another at- tempt, and said that he himself in- tended "a good round adventure in his own particular." I have some reason for thinking that he was related to Rev. John Robinson. The English dissenters at Leyden had been in correspondence with him in regard to their removal to Virginia prior to 1618, and a few of their let- ters, written in January and Februarj-, 1618, on that subject, have been pre- served. On the 28th of April, 1619, he was one of the candidates for the treasurership of the Va. Co. of Lon- don ; but was defeated by Sir Edwin Sandys. In 1619 he was one of the committee of the Va. Co. on the pro- posed college in Virginia. He was a leading director of the E. I. Co. In December, 1619, "he was by the king's command committed for a time to his house, for muttering against a patent and newly erected of- fice in the custom house." We find him constantly interested in the Virginia affairs. May 22, 1622, he was one of those recommended by the king to the Va. Co. as a most statable person to be treasurer of that company. He was a member of the commission for wind- ing up the Va. Co., appointed July 15, 1624, and remained for years after a member of his Majesty's Council for Virginia, taking special interest in the college, etc. On the 6th of April, 1627, "The Planters and Adventurers of Virginia and the Company of So- mer Islands," held a meeting at his house regarding tobacco, etc. June 27, 1631, one of commissioners ap- pointed for advising upon some course for the better plantation of Virginia. He still retained his interest in the Northwest Passage, and in 1631 he aided in sending out the celebrated Luke Fox, afterwards known as the Northwest Fox. " The present church of Stanmore Magna parish, near Lon- don (dedicated to St. John), was built at the sole expence of Sir John Wol- stenholme, knight, on a piece of ground given by Mrs. Barbara Bur- nell. Sir Thomas Lake, and Mr. Rob- inson. It was consecrated by Bishop Laud on the 16th of July, 1632. The building is of brick, and consists of a nave and chancel. At the west end is an embattled tower, almost overgrown with ivy. The porch was designed by Nicholas Stone." (There was probably some connection between the Mr. Rob- inson, who contributed towards buy- ing the piece of ground for this church to be built upon, and Mrs Mary Rob- inson (whom see).) In August, 1633, one of the Virginia commissioners who favored the re- newal of the ancient charter to the old Va. Co.; one of those who, "at great charge," aided Capt. Will. Claybourne, m 1631, " in settling an island, by them named the Isle of Kent, within Chesa- peake Bay," which, in 1633, was com- prehended in Lord Baltimore's patent, and in November, 1633, he joined the other planters in a petition to the Privy Council, praying that they may enjoy that island, and that Lord Baltimore may settle in some other place." In 1634 he was one of the tobacco commissioners. May 25, 1635, Capt. Sam. Matthews wrote to him from Newport News regarding aifairs in Virginia. He evidently always had correspondents in Virginia, and sev- eral of their letters to him are still preserved. One of the commissioners for the Caribbee Islands in 1637. He died, aged 77, on November 25, 1639, and was buried in Stanmore Magna Church, where there is a hand- some monument to his memory, by Nicholas Stone, which cost £200. He married Catherine Fanshaw, and had issue by her two sons. Sir John and Henry, and two daughters, Joan (who married Sir Robei't Knol- lys, first cousin to Thomas West, Lord De la Warr) and Catherine (who mar- ried William Fanshaw, nephew of Sir Thomas Smythe). "Wood, Captain Benjamin. Went to Roanoke in 1584 ; captain and in the West Indies, 1593, 1594-95; per- ished in liis voyage to the East Indies in 1596. WOOD — WOODLIFFE 1059 Wood, Thomas, 2, Sub. ; pd. ij'Id. (Jiiiic 13, 1G21, the council of the Virginia Company granted " to Ambrose Wood, as heir to his brother, Thomas Wood, deceased, 4 shares in Virginia, and one share more for the adventure of his person — total, 5 shares.") Woodall, John, 2. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . Also of E. I. and S. I. com- panies ; son of Richard Woodall, of Warwick, by his wife Mary, daughter of Peirse Ithell, of North Wales ; born about 15oG; .surgeon in the army, and, in 1G12, appointed surgeon to St. Bartholomew's Hospital ; published " The Chirurgion's Mate, etc., Lon- don," IGlli or 1617. the first edition; general surgeon for the E. I. Co. The auditors of the Va. Co., in their printed report, do not give him credit for having paid his adventure, and July 18, 1&20, " report was made unto the Courte that Mr. Woodall had scandalized that book . . . and that he had caste a foule aspercon uppon Sir Edwin Sandys ;" for which he was suspended from the couit, until the charges should be examined into. He was friendly to Sir Thomas Smith, and the Sandys party sjjeak of him as " surgeon to Sir Thomas Smith." He was early interested in sending cattle to Virginia, milk being considered an essential in the colony. October 20, 1G23, he voted to sur- render the Virginia charters to the crown. He published in 1628 " Viat- icum being the pathway to the sur- geon's chest." June 24, 1636, the Privy Council of England wi'ote to tlie governor and council of Virginia, inclosing a peti- tion of John Woodall, " who," they write, "deserves encouragement for his chargeable and constant adven- tures in that plantation. Direct them to cause speedy justice to be done against those of the petitioner's servants who do not give him a just account of his goods and cattle, and to put his new agent, John Convers, in possession of the petitioner's estate." March 23, 1639, Governor Sir John Harvey and the council of Virginia wrote from James City to the Privy Council of England : " Have in obedi- ence to orders of 29th November last restored the gnoods and cattle belou":- ing to the estate of Capt. Samuel Matthews, to the agents of John Woodall, of London, surgeon. Cer- tify the true state of the cause between Woodall, plaintiff, and Matthews, de- fendant." "John Woodall, Master in Chirur- gery," published a second edition of "The Surgeon's Mate," etc., under the following title, " The Surgeon's Mate, or Military & Domestique Surgery. Discovering faithfully & plainly y' i.iethod and order of y' Sur- geon's chest. . , . London, Printed by Rob. Young for Nicholas Bourne . . . MDCXXXIX." There is a congrat- ulatory "Epistle to Sir Christopher Clitherow, knight, ancient Alder-Gov- ernor of the East Lidia Company, etc.," and a portrait of Woodall by G. Glover in the engraved title. This is the earliest book in which lemon-juice was prescribed in the treatment of scurvy. " Woodall 's works," says Watts, "are deservedly much es- teemed." He was probably alive in 1641 (see Argall). The name sometimes ap- pears in the records as AV^oddall and WaddalL Woodhouse. See Waterlioiise. Woodhouse, Captain Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. . (Probably the governor of the Bermudas Islands, 1623 to Januar}', 1627 ; in the expedi- tion to Rd and Rochelle, 1627-28 ; muster - master of Suffolk, England. He said that King Charles promised him in 1631 the place of governor of Virginia, and in 1G34 and again in 1635 he petitioned the king to fulfill that promise. In a deed of April 15, 1G40, he signed himself as " of Vir- ginia, planter." One of the same name, a Burgess for Lower Norfolk, 1647-52, was of the parish of Lin- haven, and made his will in January, 1687. ) Woodliffe, John, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. . First went to Vir- ginia about 1608, and remained there eleven years ; interested with John Smith, of Nibley, in Berkeley town and hundred, and September 4, 1619, the four adventurers agreed with hiiu 1060 WOODLIFFE — WOTTON to be tlie first governor of the pro- posed settlement, and drew up ordi- nances, directions, and instructions for him for said government. He sailed with thirty-eight planters in Edward Williams' ship, the Margaret, of Bris- tol, from Kingroad, September 16, 1619, and landed " at Keeketan " in Virginia in a good harbor on the 30th of November following. On August 28, 1620, the commission to Woodliffe to be governor or agent was revoked, and a commission to George Thorpe and William Tracy to be governors in Virginia was executed. The follow- ing extract from a letter (" of June, 1620, about our accompts for the Vir- ginia ship then returned ") of John Smith to Richard Berkeley will prob- ably explain this revocation : " I fear the old Virginian trick of surprise of lettres (if not counterfeiting also) is cast upon us by Mr. Woodleefe." In 1626 he owned 550 acres by pattent in " the Territory of great Weyon- oke." Woogan (or Wogan), Dever- eaux, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £50. Of the E. I. Co. Wooller, Edvrard, merchant-tai- lor, 2. Sub. ; pd. £50. Son of the next. November 19, 1617, sold five shares in Virginia to Gabriel Barber. Wooller, John, merchant - tailor. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. £25. By his will, dated March 26, 1617, he gave to the Merchant-Taylors' Company the rents of certain property, called the Cross Keys, in Thames Street, etc., to be bestowed yearly forever in certain charities, including £4 per annum to a poor scholar at St. John's College, Oxford. This name is sometimes given in the records, and probably correctly, as Waller. "Worcester, Earl of. — Edward Somerset. "Worrell. See Wirrell. Worsley ("Worley — "Worsleep, etc.), Sir Richard. He was prob- ably the Richard Worley, gent., who went to Virginia in 1607. The widow of his great uncle (Richard Worsley, governor of the Isle of Wight, who died April 12, 1565), was the second wife of Sir Francis Walsingham, and the mother of his children. Sir Richard was the son of Thomas Worsley, Esq., of Appuldercombe, " who was brought up under Walsing- ham ; " born about 1586 ; knighted at Whitehall, February 8, and created a baronet, June 29, 1611 ; patented lands in Virginia, which patent was " re- newed November 3, 1620 ; " died June 27, 1621 ; married Frances, daughter of Sir Henry Neville of Billingbere, and grandniece of Sir Thomas Smythe. Sir Bowyer Worsley, who was inter- ested in Plowden's patent of New Albion at a later date, also patented lands in Virginia in 1620 or before. "Wortley, Francis, esquire, 3. Sub. £37 10s. ; pd. . Of Wortley, County York ; knighted January 15, and created a baronet, June 29, 1611 ; M. P. for East Retford, 1624, 1625, 1626, and 1628-29. Burke says, " At the outbreak of the civil wars Sir Francis, whose devotion to the royal cause shone conspicuous among the most faithful of the cavaliers, fortified his house at Wortley, and raised a troop of horse, with which he main- tained a guerilla warfare, extremely harassing to his opponents. In 1644 he was taken prisoner at Walton House, near Wakefield, his estate sequestered, and he himself sent to the Tower, where he remained in cap- tivity for many years, solacing the hours of his long confinement by liter- ary occupations to which he was much attached. He wrote several small tracts principally connected with the occurrences and controversies of the times, and one larger work to prove that episcopacy is pure divine." He died before 1660. His great grand- son, Edward Wortley Montague, mar- ried the Lady Mary Pierrepont, the celebrated Lady Mary Wortlej' Mon- tague. "Wotton, Sir Henry, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Born at Bocton Hall, Kent, April 9, 1568 ; entered Oxford University, 1584; M. A., 1588; traveled on the continent about 1589- 98 (?) ; agaiu went abroad, 1601; knighted in 1603 ; M. P. Appleby, 1614. The English commissioners to treat with the Hollanders concerning dift'erences in E. I. and the fisheries of Greenland in 1614-15 were Sir Henry Wotton, Clement Edmondes EDWARD ZOUCHE Eleventh Baron Zouchc WOTTON — WRIOTHESLET 1061 (translator of Caesar's commentaries), Robert Middleton, and Maurice Ab- bott; the celebrated Hugo Grotius was one of the Dutch commissioners. Pro- vost of Eton, 1G25 ; died there in De- cember, 1639. " He was sent thrice ambassador to Venice, once to the States General, twice to the Court of Savoy, and upon several other equally important dip- lomatic missions." (See his Life by Izaak Walton.) Wotton, Thomas Lord (second baron). Sub. ; pd. . Son of Edward, first Baron Wotton (who was the half-brother of Sir Henry Wotton). He succeeded his father about 1604, and died April 2, 1630, aged forty-two. He became a Roman Catholic. "Wright, Edward, mathematican. He was in Drake's celebrated voyage to our coasts (1585-86) as " Capt. Edward Careless alias Wright ; " in the Earl of Cumberland's voyage to the Azores (1589) as "Capt. Edward Wright ; " developed the Mercator idea of projection for charts or maps in 1590 ; formed tables of meridional parts, 1597 ; map in Hakluyt's works, 1598-1000; "The Haven finding Art," etc., and "Certaine Errors in Js'aviga- tion, etc., 1599." He became tutor to Henry, Prince of Whales, in mathemat- ics and cosmography, and keeper of his library (the wages of the latter office were £30 per annum). He was a member of the N. W. P. Co. in 1612 ; " The Description and Use of the Sphsere, etc., 1613;" "A short Treatise of Dialling, etc., 1614." March 14, 1614, from court minutes of the E. I. Co. : " Mr. W^right, the mathematician, who has gathered great knowledge in the Universities, and effected many worthy works in rectifying errors formerly smothered ; resolved that for his courses of lec- tures hitherto paid for by Sir Thomas Smythe and ^Ir. W^olstenholme, the company will allow him £50 per an- num ; he to examine their journals and mariners and perfect their plotts " (maps, etc.). Died in London in 1615; translated Napier's "Descrip- tion of the Admirable Table of Log- arithmes," which was published by his son, Samuel Wright, in 1616. Wright, John, mercer, 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Apprenticed to Ed- ward Barnes; admitted in 1604 (from Mercers' Records) ; also of E. 1. Co. Wright, John, stationer. As a bearing on the discussion about " The Tempest," the following reference to Wright is interesting: " Shake-speares Sonnets never before Imprinted. At London by G. Eld for T. T. and are to be solde by John W^right, dwelling at Christ Church gate. 1609." Dedi- cated by Thomas Thorpe, the stationer to Mr. W^ H. (Mr. IFilliam i/ack- w^ell or Hakewill, " of the Right wor- shipfuU Fraternitie of Sirenicall gen- tlemen, that meete the first Friday of every moneth, at the signe of the Mere- maid in Bread-street, in London " ?) Thus it will be seen that R. Rich's ac- count of the tempest and wreck at the " Bermoothawes " (CXXXVIII.) and Shakespeare's Sonnets were sold by the same bookseller. Nathaniel But- ter, John Harrison, W^. Jaggard, and Matthew Law also were interested in the publication of several of Slrnke- speare's plays dui'ing 1606—16. Wriothesley, James Lord. Eld- est son of the next ; was M. P. for Cal- lington, 1621-22, and for Winchester, 16:^4—25. He died, .«. p., in the Nether- lands, and before his father in 1624. Wriothesley, Henry, 2. Sub. ; pd. £350. Third Earl of South- ampton, " The Friend of Shake- speare." Pedigree : Henry ^, second Earl of Southampton (son of Thomas ^, first earl, who was lord chancellor to Henry VIIL), was a friend of Thomas Howard, Duke of Norfolk, and in- volved himself in trouble by promot- ing the contemplated marriage of that nobleman with Mary Queen of Scots, " to whom and her religion (says Dug- dale) he stood not a little affected." He married Mary, daughter of An- thony Browne, Viscount Montagu (she married, secondly, Capt. Edward- Maria ^\'ingfiek^s cousin, William Hervey), and had issue, among oth- ers, — Henry ^ of whom I write, and MaryS, who married Thomas, Lord Arundell of Wardour (whom see). Henry ^, the second, but only surviv- ing son of the second earl, was born October 6, 1573, and succeeded at the death of his father iu 1581, as third 1062 WRIOTHESLEY Earl of Southampton; admitted to St. John's College iu Cambridge, Decem- ber 11, 1585 ; "spent his time at Cam- bridge in the study of good letters, and afterwards confirmed that study with travel and foreign observation." In 1589 he took the degree of bachelor of arts (Cambridge), " and seems to have left tlie university iu that year, to pro- ceed on his travels." In 1593 Shake- speare dedicated " Venus and Adonis " " to Henry Wi-iottesley, Earl of South- ampton," and, in 1594, the same author dedicated the '• Rape of Lucrece " " to the Earl of Southampton " In 1596 with Essex at Cadiz ; 1597, commanded the Garland on the island voyage, and knighted for gallantry by Essex; 1598, married a first couain of the Earl of Essex, without obtaining the queen's permission, and is attainted; 1599, went to Ireland with Essex, who made him general of the horse, " clean contrary" to the queen's instructions; in ICOO, in the Netherlands; February 8, 1601, took part in the Essex rebel- lion ; February 19, 1601, tried and found guilty ; his execution was stayed, but he remained a close prisoner in the Tower till the queen died. In 1602, while in prison, he aided in sending Gosnold to America. Rev. P. Peckard, in his " Memoirs of Nicholas Ferrar," says, " the Earl of Southampton had been converted from Popery by Sir Edwyn Sandys." April 10, 1603, he was discharged out of the Tower by a warrant from the king, sent post-haste from Scot- land, April 1 ; May 16, grant of pardon and restitution; restored to his honors; July 2, Knight of the Garter; July 7, Governor of the Isle of Wight for life; July 21, recreated Earl of South- ampton, and afterwards granted many pensions, favors, etc. On July 2, 1603, he had a noted quarrel with Lord Grey, of Wilton, a professed enemy of Essex, and Strickland says, " It is ex- tremely probable that this quarrel was connected with tlie mysterious plot discovered a few days after, in which Lord Grey, Lord Cobham, Sir Walter Raleigh, and the faction which had brought Essex to the block, were deeply implicated." 1604, " The first bill which was read iu the first Parlia- ment of King James was for his resti- tution in blood." 1605, he aided in sending Weymouth to America; M. C. for Va. Co., 1609, admitted into the E. I. Co. in 1609, and promised to present them with a brace of bucks annually at their elections ; April, 1610, he aided in sending out Henry Hudson to the Northwest; July 26, 1012, an in- corporator of the N. W. P. Co.; 1614, he subscribed £100 towards Harley's voyage to our present New England coast, and in the same year served at the siege of Rees in the Duchy of Cleves; June 29, 1615, an incorporator of the S. I. Co., and Southampton tribe in that island was afterwards named for him; 1617, he attended the king in his long visit to Scotland. On Friday, April 30, 1619, he was sworn of the king's Privy Council; June 28, 1620, he was chosen treasurer of the Va. Co., without opposition, being " such a one as might at all times and occasions have free accesse unto the King; " November 3, 1620, a member of the New England Council; May 2, 1621, again chosen treasurer of the Va. Co., without opposition. " He had some quarrelling with the Marquis of Buckingham," for which he was under arrest from June 16 to Septem- ber 1, 1621 ; again chosen treasurer of the Va. Co., May 22, 1622 (at this elec- tion it had pleased the king to suggest several merchants as being better suited to the business) (see Sir Thomas Smythe) ; he continued treasurer until the charter of the Va. Co. was declared void, June 16, 1624. Soon after which time " Mr. Nicholas Ferrar, late dep- uty, delivered his copies of the Va. Records to the earl, who, when the commissioners applied for them, re- plied that he would as soone part with the evidences of his Land as with the said copies; being the evidence of his honour in that service." It is curious to read the charge that James I. took away the Va. charter in tlie interest of Spain, at the instance of Gondomar, in 1624, when, in fact, Gondoniar left England in 1622 ; the king had declared war against Spain March 10, 1624, and the earl (then governor of the Va. Co.), since early in June, 1624, had been, under com- mission from James I., actively en- gaged in enlisting troops to fight against Spain. About August lie went over to the Netherlands in command of WRIOTHESLEY — WROTH 1063 a regiment, where his ohlest son, James, died at Rose*idale, and he, soon after, at Bergen - op - Zoom (November 10, 1624), while on liis way to England with his son's body. Father and son were buried at Titchfiuhl, in Hamp- shire, on December 1:8, 1024. Lodge says, " lie was a naan of no very unusual character, in whom sev- eral fine qualities were shadowed by some important defects. His under- standing seems to have been lively and acute; and his acquired talents, united to a competent erudition, an extensive and correct taste for polite letters, and the most highly finished manners. His friendships were ardent and last- ing; his personal courage almost pro- verbial; and his honor wholly unsus- pected : but his mind was fickle and unsteady ; a violent temper engaged him in frequent quarrels, and iu enmi- ties injurious to his best interests ; and he was wholly a stranger to that wary circumspection which is commonly dig- nified by the name of prudence." The name of Smythe's Hundred (first named for Sir Tiiomas Smythe) was changed on May 17, 1620, to Southampton Hundred, being so named for the earl. It lay in the lower part of the present Charles City County, be- tween " Southampton alias Chicka- homine River " and the James, and contained 100,000 acres of land. Hampton River, near Fortress Mon- roe, was originally named for him " Southampton River." He married Elizabeth, daughter of John Vernon, Esq., by Elizabeth, sis- ter of Walter Devereux, first Earl of Essex, and had by her thi-ee daugh- ters and two sons : James, aforesaid, and Thomas, his successor, that emi- nently loyal servant to Charles I., and virtuous lord treasurer to Charles II., at whose death, May 10, 1667, the title became extinct. Colonel William Byrd, the first of the name in Virginia, is said to have purchased the two volumes of Va. Co. Records, now iu the library of Con- gress, from the executors of this last Earl of Southampton. "Wrote, Samuel, esquire. Son of Robert Wrote, of (junton in County Suffolk, esquire, by his wife Catherine, daughter of Vincent Randall (Ran- dolph), of London, gent. He was " cosen Germane " to Lionel Cranfield, Earl of Middlesex; M. C. for Va. Co. Sir Thomas Gates transferred five shares of land in Virginia to him, March 2, 1620. George Sandys wrote to him from Jamestown, Virginia, March 28, 1623. He was a leading oppt)nent of the Sandys party, and was suspended by them from the company; a member of the Virginia Commission of July 15, 1024 ; appointed to the royal council for Virginia, November 16, 1624; mentioned as a late commis- sioner for Virginia, and as still inter- ested in Virginia affairs, 1629; on the special commission for the better plantation of Virginia, June 27, 1631; was still living 1034. He married Sarah, daughter of William Bussel (Burrel ?). Wrote's cousin, Lionel Cranfield (the " smooth versifier "), was brother to Martha Cranfield who married Sir John Suckling (member of the Privy Council and of the Va. Commission, of July, 1624), and be- came the mother of Sir John Suck- ling, Jr., the celebrated poet. Wroth Pedigree. (Extract.) Sir Thomas ^ Wroth (chief gentleman of the bedchamber to Edward VI.), who fled into Germany for conscience' sake in the reign of Queen Mary, married Mary, daughter of Richard, first Lord Rich, and great aunt of Robert Rich, second Earl of Warwick, and was the father, among others, of 1. Sir Rob- ert '^ and 2. Thomas - Wroth. 1. Sir Robert -, known as Sir Robert Wrotli, the Elder; M. P. for Middle- sex, from 1572 to his death, January 27, 1600 ; married " Susan, daughter of Frauncis Stonard, of Loughton in Essex, Esquier," and was the father, among others, of " John ^ Wrothe a Captayne," and "Sir Robert^ Wrothe of Durance." 2. Tlionias ^ Wroth of the Inner Tem])lp, Esq., married Joan, daughter of Thomas Bullraan, of London, and had issue, among others, Sir Thomas Wroth. Wroth, John ^, esquire. Sub. ; pd. £87 10s. Second son of Sir Rob- ert Wroth, Sr., of Durance Enfield, Middlesex (see pedigree) ; baptized June 11, 1577; M. C. for Va. Co.; one of the auditors of that company, and a member of the Warwick or Smythe party in 1622-24. He 1064 WROTH — WYM ARK strongly protested against the sending of so many people to Virginia, until the colony was prepared to receive them. In 1623 he wrote " that in the yeares 1619, 16:^0, 1621 there was 3,560 or 3,570 persons sent to Vir- ginia, and Sir Thomas Smith left above 700 persons, which in all make 4,270 persons; whereof the Remainder being about 1240 about the tyme of the massacre, it consequentlie foUowes, that wee had then lost 3,000 persons within those three yeares. And in the latter end of the yeare 1622, there were sent near upon 1000 persons, whereof manie dyed by the way, and it appear- eth by some letters, that by the sword and sickness, there are perished above 500 since the massacre. So that by this accompt, there cannot be above 1700 persons now in the Collonie." He had served in the wars as a captain ; married " Mawde dau. to Rich. Flew- ellen of Wales wydow to Captayne Gregory Lennad brother to Henry Lord Dacre." Died in 1644. Wroth, Sir Robert 3, 2. Sub. £75 ; pd. £50. " Of Durance in Enfilde and of Lowghton in Essex." Son of Sir Robert Wroth, Sr., and brother of John Wroth, Esq., afore- said (see extract from pedigree) ; M. P. for Newtown, Isle of Wight, in 1601 ; knighted at Sion House in June, 1603 ; M. P. for Middlesex, 1607-11 ; sheriff of Essex, 1613-14 ; died March 14, 1614. He married Mary, daughter of Robert Sidney, Viscount Lisle, etc. " Ben Jonson dedicated to this distinguished woman his admirable comedy of the Alche- mist, and to her husband an excellent moral epistle in commendation of the innocence and felicity of the country life to which Sir Robert devoted him- self." " Their residence was the re- sort and asylum of men of letters; they were the friends of merit, and the patrons of genius in distress." Wroth, Sir Thomas Sub. ; pd. . Son of Thomas of the Inner Temple (see pedigree). He resided at Petherton Park, County Somerset; married Margaret, daughter of Ricliard Rich, of Lee in Essex, and sister (not to the Earl of Warwick as Stith says, page 182, but) to Sir Nathaniel Rich. He was knigiited at Theobald's, November 12, 1613. In 1620 he published "The Destruction of Troy, or, the Acts of ^neas. Translated ovt of the second Booke of the -iEneads of Virgill, that peereless Prince of Latine Poets. . . . As also a Centurie of Epigrams, and a Motto upon the Creede, thereunto an- nexed." Dedicated to Sir Robert Sid- ney, Viscount Lisle, and containing an epigram " to his worthy friend Cap- taine [Nathaniel] Butler." He was M. C. for New England, November 3, 1620 ; a leader of the Warwick party i« the Va. Co., 1621- 24 ; on the Virginia Commission of July 15, 1624; M. P. for Bridge- water, 1628-29. His wife. Dame Mar- garet, died of a fever October 14, 1635, and he wrote an account of her life, sickness, and death to her brother Sir Nathaniel Rich (whom see), the greater part of which is printed in " Court and Society from Elizabeth to Anne " (vol. i. p. 343). " His sad Encomiem upon his Dearest Consort " was also published in London, in 1635. M. P. for Bridgewater, in Somerset, from 1645, until the dissolution of 1653 ; on January 3, 1648, he made the celebrated motion " to lay the King by and to settle the Kingdom without him." He was appointed one of the commissioners on trial of the king, but refused to sit ; was on the commission of June 25, 1653, for gov- erning the affairs of the Bermudas Islands. A strong Parliamentarian and confirmed Rumper ; he was elected to the Cromwellian Pai-lia- ments of 1656-58 and 1659, and to the Convention of 1660. He died, s. p., in 1672, his will being proved August 24, 1672. Wyche (see Wiiiche), Richard, skinner. Of the N. W. and E. I. com- panies; married Elizabeth, daughter of Sir Richard Saltingstall, Lord Mayor of London, and had by her 12 sons and six daughters. Died November 20, 1621, aged 67, and was buried in St. Dunstan's in the East. His sixth son. Sir Peter, was ambassador from Charles I. to Turkey for twelve years. Wymark (see Wiinark), Ned. Whom Thomas Osborne, in his " Tra- ditional Memoirs of King James," page 7, styles, " The Paul's Walker, and the Witty." In December, 1618, he got himself into serious trouble by WYNCHE — ZOUCH 1065 " wishing that Raleigh's head was on Secretary Nauntoii's shoulders." "Wynche. See Winch. Wynne. Sue Winne. Yaxley, Sir Robert, 3. Sub. ; pd. . Knighted at Dublin in Ireland, September 8, lo'JO ; M. P. for Thirsk in 1(31 i. Yeardley (or Yardley), George, gent., 2. Sub. ; pd. £25. Son of Raph Yardley, citizen and mer- chant-tailor, of Bionshaw Lane, Lon- don, who married, first, May 15, 157.5, Agnes Abbot ; she died December 18, 1576, and he married, secondly, Rhoda . He had four sons, Raphe, George (of whom I write), John, and Thomas, and a daughter, Amie, who married Edward Irby. George, born (1577-80 ?) ; " a sol- dier truly bred in that university of Warre, the Lowe Countries ; " sailed for Virginia as " Captain of Sir Thomas Gates his company " in June, 1C09 ; wrecked on the Bermudas ; arrived in Virginia in May, IGIO ; acting gov- ernor from the departure of Dale in April, 161G, to the arrival of Argall, May 15, 1617 ; went to England in 1618, where he spent very near three thousand pounds in furnishing himself for his return to Virginia ; M. C. for Va. Co. ; chosen governor of Virginia for three years on the 18th of Novem- ber, 1618 ; granted on the same day twenty great shares for transport of twenty-six persons, and was knighted by the king at Newmarket six days after ; sailed for Virginia in January, and arrived April 19, 1619. Under instructions from Sir Thomas Smith's administration he convened the first legislature in America, July 30, 1G19, at Jamestown ; continued governor three years, to November 18, 1621, when he was relieved by Sir Francis Wyatt. He was then a member of the council in Virginia until May, 1626. When Wyatt wished to leave Virginia for a time on business in 1624, King James on the 18tli of Sep- tember, 1624, commissioned Yeardley to act as governor during Wyatt's absence ; but Wyatt did not leave at tliis time. On the 14th of March, 1626, Charles I. commissioned Sir George Yeardley to be governor of Virginia ; he entered inlo that office in May, 1626, and continued to servo until his death in November, 1627. (An abstract of his will is given in the " N. E. Hist, and Gen. Register " for January, 1884.) He married, about 1618 (and took his lady to England with him in that year). Miss Temper- ance , who came to Virginia in the Faulcou in 1609. In January, 1625, they were living at Jamestown witli their three children born in Vir- ginia, viz. : Elizabeth, aged six years, 1. ArgalP, aged four years, and 2. Francis, aged one year. Sir George Yardley was a first cousin to Richard Yerwood, one of the stepfathers of John Harvard, the founder of Harvard College, Massa- chusetts. [Was this the Richard Yar- wood, gent., of Southwark, who was M. P. for Southwark, 1614, 1621- 22, 1624-25, 1625, 1626, and 1628- 29 ?] He was a prosperous man, and left his children well supplied with worldly goods. His descendants are now scattered over the United States. Of his daughter Elizabeth I know nothing. 1. Argall ^ married, about 1640, Ann, daughter of John Custis, and died in 1655, leaving, at least, three sons (Argall^, Henry, and Edmond) and two daughters (Rose and Frances). Argall '^ (with whom his father, Argall ^, is nearlj'- always confused) married, in 1670, Sarah, daughter of John Machell, and died in 1682, leav- ing five children, viz. : John, Argall ^, Elizabeth, Frances, and Sarah. 2. Francis married Sarah, widow of Capt. John Gookin, and before of Capt. Adam Tiiorogood, and is said to have left no issue. Yeomans, Simon, fishmonger, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Of St. Botolph, Billingsgate, London ; mar- ried, in 1594, Marj', daughter of John Barkeley, of Essex, gent. Yong (or Young), William, a tailor, 2. Sub. ; pd. £12 10s. Came to Virginia in 1607. Zouch, Sir Edward. Of the North Virginia Company ; was inter- ested in patents for making glass ; a courtier, etc. Strickland, in her " Lives of the Queens of England," says, " In the midst of the mad rev- elry of Shrovetide (February), 1618, 1066 ZOUCH James I. was taken ill with the gout in his knees ; some rantipol knights of his bedchamber, Sir George Goring, Sir Edward Zouch, and others tried to amuse him by acting some little bur- lesque plays, called ' Tom-a-Bedlam,' ' The Tinker,' and ' The two Merry Milk Maids.' But the gout and the cold weather pinched the king, and nothing could put him in a good humor. He reproved his knights for ribaldry — not without reason, called their little burlesque plays, mad stuff, and was utterly unmanageable by his masculine attendants." Sir Edward Zouch was granted the office of knight marshal of the house- hold for life, April 29, 1618; the agent for sending certain dissolute persons to Virginia in November and Decem- ber, 1619 ; a member of the New England Council in 1620. Zouch, Edward Lord, 2. Sub. ; pd. £60. Son of George, tenth Lord Zouch, whom he succeeded in 1569 as the eleventh Lord Zouch, un- der which title he was summoned to Parliament from April 2, 1571, to May 17, 1625. In 1593 he was sent ambassador to James VI., king of Scotland, with in- structions to protest against the act of the council of November 26, which was too favorable to the Earls of Angus, Huntley, and Errol, who were in league with Spain; to say that the queen would resist the landing of any Spanish or other foreign forces in Scotland as their purpose was only to invade Eng- land ; to form a party for the defense of the religion and of the pe^ace be- tween England and Scotland. He had a conference with James VI. of Scot- land concerning Bothwell and his ac- complices, February 25 to March 2, 1594. In 1598 he was an ambassador to Denmark, treating of " merchantile affairs," etc. In 1603 James I. of England (his old friend James VI. of Scotland) appointed him to his Privy Council. " April 13, 1603, commission appointing Edward Lord Zouch, lord president of the council in Wales to be the king's lieutenant in Wales." " May 14, 1603, he wrote to the king, thanking him for bestowing on him so great a gift, before it was asked for." During the time he was lord presi- dent of Wales, he had a long and bitter controversy with Sir John Pop- ham, lord chief justice of England, about precedency, etc., which came before the Privy Council in December, 1604, but was not at that time set- tled. M. C. for Va. Co., 1609. " July 13, 1615, grant to him of the office of Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports and Constable of Dover Castle for life." July 20, 1615, Chamberlain to Carle- ton: " The Lord Zouch hath his patent signed and sealed for the Wardenship of the Cinque Ports, a place he never sought for nor pretended." July, 1615, Carew to Roe : " The Loi'd Zouche is Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, which is displeasing to the priests." "August 9, 1615, com- mission to Edward Lord Zouch, Lord Warden of the Cinque Ports, concern- ing the examining and licensing of passengers, with instructions touching the same." In December, 1617, he adventured £100 (62,500) with Lord De la Warr towards a plantation, etc, in Virginia. In 1618 he was interested with John Bargrave in some Virginia enterprise. He sent his pinnace, the Silver Falcon to Virginia in 1619, and evidently took a great interest in the colony. He was also one of the first members of the New England Council, November 3, 1620. He died at Hackney in 1625, and was buried in a small chapel ad- joining his house. " Ben Jonson, who was his intimate friend, discovered that there was a hole in the wall af- fording communication between the last resting-place of Lord Zouch and the wine-cellar, and thereupon vented this impromptu : — ' Wherever I die, let this be my fate To lye by my good Lord Zouch — Tliat vviien I am dry, to the tap 1 may hye, And so back again to my couch.' " Lord Zouch was much interested in experimental gardening and the sci- ence of botany, of which he was so great an encourager that he cultivated a physic garden in the parish of Hack- ney at his own expence, committing the superintendence of it to the cele- brated Lobel." He brought many shrubs and seed from abroad. He was also a patron of Dr. John Ge- rarde. He married Sara, daughter of Sir James Harington of Exton, and ZOUCHE — ZUNIGA 10G7 widow of Francis Lord Hastings, who died in 1596. After the death of Lord Zouche, his widow, in 16:^6, became the second wife of Sir Thomas Edmondes. ':z^^/i Zouche, John, esquire (see next). Sub. ; pd. £'25. Zouche, Sir John. Mr. Xeill, in his " Virginia Yetusta " (p. 2, note), says, "Captain John Zouche and Sir Walter Raleigh were each in command of a company at the siege in 1580 of the Spanish Fort near Tralee, in the southwest part of Ireland, and in Au- gust, 1581, Zouche was promoted as Governor of Munster." John Zouche of Codnor, Derbyshire, was knighted at Beaver Castle, April 23, 1603. His son, John Zouch, Esq., had joined the Virginia enterprise, prior to 1616 ; in 1623 he patented lands in Virginia. In 1631 the father, Sir John Zouche, was one of the " com- mission for the better plantation of Virginia," and in 1634 he spent some time in Virginia, with his son and daughter, who were then living there. He is said to have been of the Puritan sect. Zuniga — Cuniga — Quniga. Don Pedro de Zuniga, Marques de Villa Flores et Avila. He came as ambas- sador to England in the autumn of 1605, succeeding in that office Juan de Taxis, Count of Villa Mediana, who sailed from Dover, September 1, 1605, with Sir William Monson, for Flan- ders. The new resident ambassador is said to have found in England seven pensioners of Spain, namely : Hen- ry Howard, Earl of Northampton ; Charles Blount, Earl of Devonshire ; Thomas Sackville, Earl of Dorset ; the Lady Suffolke ; Robert Cecil, Earl of Salisbury ; Sir William Monson; and Mrs. Drummond, the first lady of Queen Anne's bedchamber. " On tlie morning of November 5, 1005, the news of the great deliver- ance from the Gunpowder Plot ran like wildfire along the streets of Lon- don," and it was necessary to take prompt measures to protect Zuniga from the fury of the people. He seems to have kept very close after- wards ; I do not find his name in the Calendar of State Papers, 1605-10. The celebrated Italian jurist, Alberigo Gentilis, was advocate to the Spanish embassy from the autumn of 1605 to his death, June 19, 1608. Zuniga was succeeded by Velasco about May, 1610. Some time after his return to Spain he was created " Marques de Villa Flores et Avila." In 1612 he was sent as ambassador extraordinary to James I., with private instructions, if he saw fair prospect of success, to offer the hand of Philip III. (then a widower) to the Princess Elizabeth of England ; but "he found that the marriage with the Elector was irre- vocably decided upon." He had his first audience with James I. on July 6, 1612. He was soon dismissed ; but continued to linger in England, which was not much liked. On July 22, 1612, Archbishop Abbot wrote to James I., " The lingering in England of the Spanish ambassador, Zuniga, is very suspicious. He has secretly dis- persed £12,000 or £13,000 already in England, and tampers by night with the Lieger ambassador from France. He was in England at the time of the Powder treason, and God knows what share he had in that business." (See also Abbot's letter of August 3, 1612, in sketch of Velasco.) George Cal- vert wrote to Sir Thomas Edmondes on August 1 : " Zuniga is yet here, no man knows why, for he hath taken his leave of the king. But to show that he is unwelcome, as he was riding in his carrosse with his six mules over Holborn Bridge the other day, with his great lethugador about his neck and coming upon his elbow, at the side of the carrosse, comes a fellow by him on horseback ; and whether de guet- apens or otherwise, I cannot tell, but he snatches the ambassador's hat off his head, which had a rich jewel in it, and rides away with it up the street as fast as he could, the people going on and laughing at it." Chamberlain says, 1068 ZUNIGA "The ambassador, observing a well- dressed cavalier approaehiug his car- riage, pulled olf his hat out of the window, which was enriched with a handsome band and Jewel, when the fellow snatched it out of his hand and rode off." James I. instructed Digby to find out the reasons for his stay (see CCXXVIII.). He was still in Eng- land in the first part of October, 1612, when he was complaining " of the opening by the custom-house officers of a chest of his." He probably left soon after. Our histories do not mention him ; but it can be safely said that the Eng- lish would never have succeeded in es- tablishing Protestant colonies in Amer- ica, if the matter could have been controlled by Don Pedro de Zuniga. ADDITIONAL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. I WISH to give as complete a list as possible of the members of the first Par- liament of James I. who were interested in the American enterprise. I think that all of the following were members of the Va. Co. ; most of them certainly were. I believe that I have identified nearly all of those who were of the South Virginia Company ; but the list is necessarily very deficient of the Northern Company. However, I feel very sure that a majority of the Par- liament of 160Jr-ll was interested in American colonization. Berkeley, Richard, esquire. Gloucestershire, 1604-11, and 1614. Bertie, Perigrine. Lincolnshire, 1614. Bing (or Byng), William, esquire. New Romney, 1610-11 ; \yinchelsea, 1614 ; admitted to Gray's Inn 1612; Governor of Deal Castle ; younger brother of George Byng, of Wrotham, Kent, and of the same family as the present Viscount Torringtou. Bingley, John. Chester, 1610-11, and 1614. Probably admitted to Gray's Inn in 1612 . Bowyer, Robert, esquire. Eve- sham, 1605-11. Carew, Sir George. St. Germans, 1601^11 ; the lawyer and diplomatist who died in 1612. Carey, Henry. Sussex, 1609-11. Cavendish, Sir WiHiam. East Retford, 1614. Cecil, Sir Edward. Stamford, 1609-11. Cecil, ■William, Lord Cranborne. Weymouth, 1610-11. Chute, Sir Walter. East Retford, 1614. Connock, Richard, esquire. Bod- min, 1.593, Liskeard, 1614; auditor of the Duchy of Cornwall, and friend to Ralegh ; will proved February 15, 1620. Cranfield, Lionell. Hythe, 1614. Earle, Walter. Poole, 1614, 1621- 22, 1624-25 ; Dorset, 1625 ; Lyme Regis, 1626; Dorset, 1628-29; Lj^me Regis, April, 1640 ; Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, 1640, until secluded in 1648; Dorset, 1654-55, 1659 ; Poole, 1660. Of Charborough, Dorsetshire ; knighted May 4, 1616 ; bought five shares of land in Virginia from Sir Thomas Gates. He was the well known Parliamentary colonel ; gov- ernor of Dorchester, 1643, and master of the ordnance; died in 1665. Fawcett (or Forcett), Edw^ard, esquire. Wells, 1606-11. Fearne, John. Boroughbridge, 1604-11. Goodere, Sir Henry. West Looe, 1604-11. Harrington, Sir John. Rutland- shire, 1604-11. Harris, John, esquire. West Looe, 1614. Herbert, Philip. Glamorganshire, 1604, until peer, 1605. Holcroft, Sir Thomas. Cheshire, 1604, until decease, 1010. Hollis, Sir John. Nottingham- shire, 1604-11, and 1614. Ho'wrard, Theophilus. Maiden, 1605, until peer. Danvers, Sir John, town, 1614. Montgomery- Ingram, Sir Arthur. 1614. Romnev, 1070 ADDITIONAL MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT. Jermain, Sir Thomas. Suffolk, 1614. Mansell, Sir Thomas. Glamor- gan, 1605—11. Michell, Bernard, gent. Wey- mouth, 1610-11, 1614, 1625, and 1626. Miller (or Meller), Sir Robert. Bridport, 1604-11. Monson, Sir Thomas. Castle Rising, 1604-11; Cricklade, 1614. Nevill, Sir Henry. Lewes, 1604- 11. Nevill, Sir Henry. Wycombe, 1614 ; Wilton, 1621-22 ; son of Sir Henry Nevill, of Billingbere, Berks. Paw^lett, John, esquire. Somer- set, 1610-11, 1614; Lyme Regis, 1621-22. He was created Baron Pou- lett, 1627. Percy, Alan, esquire. Beverley, 1604-11. Phellips, Sir Robert. East Looe, 1604-11. Plomer, Thomas, gent. Romney, 1604^11. Rich, Henry, esquire. Leicester, 1610-11. Rich, Sir Robert. Maiden, 1610- 11. Smith (or Smythe), Sir John. Hythe, 1604 until decease, 1609 ; brother to Sir Thomas Smythe, the first treasurer of the Va. Co. Stanhope, Sir John. Newton, 1604, until peer, 1605. INDEX. 1 have indexed the liistorical portion (pp. 1-805) closely. I have indicated all personal references in the brief biographies (807-1070), and all places referred to outside of England and all subjects bearing on discovery, commerce, and colonization ; but it was not advisable to cumber the Index with the numerous English places named, or with the various subjects having no bearing on tlie Genesis of the United States. I have sometimes found it preferable to use the name instead of the page figures when referring to the biographies. The names of persons are all indexed in alphabetical order, as are places and subjects generally ; but foreign localities, w^lien not referred to often, are given under the city, country, etc., to which they belong ; and scattered, unfrequent subjects are collected together under proper comprehensive headings, which are arranged alphabetically. See Africa ; America ; Ancient names ; Asia ; Atlantic Ocean ; Bays ; Bermudas ; Brazil ; Capes ; Chili ; Climate ; Commodities ; Companies ; Diseases of Virginia ; Distress in Virginia ; Doctors and Medical Treatment ; East India ; Emigrants ; England ; Europe ; Fauna ; Firsts ; Fish, etc. ; Flora; Florida ; Fortifications, Forts, etc. ; France ; French ; Houses, Buildings, etc., in Virginia; Lslands ; Lands, etc., in Virginia ; Law, Government, etc. ; London ; Lotteries ; Mexico ; Minerals ; Ministers ; Native Inhabitants ; Naval Affairs of England ; New England ; Newfoundland ; New France ; New Spain ; North America ; Pacific Ocean ; Pedigrees ; Peru ; Plays ; Poetry ; Portugal ; Protestantism ; Provisions; Ralegh or Roanoke Colony ; Rivers; Romanism; Ships; South America ; Spain; Span- ish ; State ; Tempest ; Trade ; United States of HoUand and the Netherlands ; Virginia ; Voyages ; West Indies, etc. The heavy face figures refer to the Biographies. Port. := Portrait. Abandonment of Virginia, 401, 404-407, 414, 415, 417, 418, 617, 618, 648, 649, 680, 681, 802. See Capt. John Mar- tin. Abbas I. (Shah of Persia, 1582-1628), 985, 1000. Abbay, Thomas, 601, 811. Abbot, Agnes, 1065 ; George, archbishop of Canterbury, translator of the Bible, etc., 541, 542, 576, 606, 676, 679, 686, 790-795, 811, 812, 845, 851, 863, 878, 906, 927, 974, 993, 1025, 1037, 1051, 1067, Port., 10 ; Martha, 1024 ; Mary, 879; Maurice, the elder, 811 ; Maurice (or Morris), the younger, merchant, di- plomatic commissioner, etc., 469, 574, 770, 797, 803, 811, 812, 879, 982, 1024, 1061 ; Robert, bishop of Salisbury, 811. Abdey, Anthony, merchant, 548, 770, 812 ; Roger, 812. Abergavenny, Lord. — Henry Neville. Abot, Jeffra, 600, 812. Ackland, Sir John, 466, .544, 812. Acosta, Antonio de, Portuguese merchant in London, 6.59. Acquaviva, Rev. Father Claude, Italian general of the Jesuits, 700, 812. Acuua. See Gondomar. Adams, Nicholas, merchant-tailor, 304 ; Nicholas, vice-admiral of Pembroke, 722 ; Capt. Robert, 812 ; Thomas the elder, 812; Thomas, stationer, 292, 748, 812; William, 138; Capt. , 329, 488-490, 492, 497, 639, 653, 663, 689, 812. Adelmare. See Dr. Csesar Adelmare. Aderley, William, 770. Adventurers for Va. (Incorporators, Planters, Undertakers, etc ), "who con- tribute their money and do not go in person," 272 ; ancestors of, founders of first organized English company for discovery, etc. , 3 ; interested in the Northwest Passage, 8 ; Adventurers in Fifth Parliament of Elizabeth, 13; in the Protestant wars of the United States of Holland, etc., 17 ; in the Armada fight, 20 ; roving the Atlantic, 20-27 ; at Cadiz, 24 ; at the Azores, 24 ; inter- ested in proposed voyage to East India, 25 ; incorporators of first East India charter, 25. [The foregoing references apply to Planters as well as to Adven- turers. See Biographies and Emi- grants.] 49, 52, 53, 228, 229, 236, 248, 272, 280, 281, 284, 295, 302, 316, 317, 415, 425, 426, 466, 503, 505, 507, 541- 54S, 574, 579, 582, 587, 588, 625-630, 769, 775-779, 781, 798, 802-805, 80S, 982. See Charters, Emigrants, Sub- Advice of the Va. CouncU, 79-85, 102; of Lord Bacon to Viscount Villiers, 795. Africa: Abyssinia, 970; Africa, 32, 147, 440, 785, 916, 970, 994, 1000, 1007, 1023, 1072 INDEX. 1026 ; African, or Guinea, Company, 9S1, 1026 ; xlfrican trader, 867 ; Alg-er- iue corsairs, 10o2 ; Algier apricot, 1032 ; Algiers, 646, 937, 942, 985, 1024 ; Alcazarquivir, 1024 ; Alexandria, 1032 ; Alexandrian MS. 986; Angola, 1004; Barbary, 440, 825, 970, 1024 ; Binney, 942, 980, 1004, 1032, 1039 ; Cairo (see Grand Cayro) ; Cape of Good Hope, 773, 973 ; Cartilage, 742 ; Egipt (Egypt), 1044 ; Gambia River, 981, 990, 1004 ; Grand Cayro, 1032 ; Guinea, 4-6 ; Guinea Company, 942, 980, 981, 1004, 1026, 1032, 1036, 1039 ; Morocco, 440, 1000 ; Nile River, 970 ; Red Sea, 147, 272 ; Senega, 1017 ; Senegambia, 990 ; Tunis, 271, 985. See Negroes. Ager. See Aueher. Aggas, Edward, stationer, 887. Agreements, 32-3.5, 496. Aguiar, Don Rodrigo de (Spaniard), 648. Aiken's " Court of James I.," 927. Alabama, 1020. Albany (N. Y.), 447, 676, 679, 707, 735, 737,' 745, 746. Albert, Archduke (of Austria, governor of the Spanish Netherlands), 19, 48, 666, 814, 817, 877, 956. Albert, Archduke, and Isabella (daughter of Philip II. of Spain and governess of the Netherlands, 1621-1633), 27, 1037. Alcocke, Thomas, 224. Alden, Robert, N. Fid. Co., 390. Aldermen. See London, Aldermen. Aldersey, Elizabeth, 866; Samuel, 866. Aldridge, Nicholas, merchant-tailor, 305. Aldworth, Richard, grocer, 257, 387, 389, 558, 591, 687 ; Robert, of Bristol, 26 ; Thomas, of Bristol, 10, 813 ; Thomas, 391. Alen^on, Duke of, 844, 850. Alexander the Great, 781, 782, 1008. Alexander VI. (Pope, 1492-1503), 261, 366, 813. Alexander, Henry, 1036; Master Robert, 16 ; William, Earl of Sterling, 758, 813, 1026, 1036, Port, 20. Aliffe or Ayloffe. See AylifEe. Alikock, Jerome, 167. Alisbury, William, merchant-tailor, 304. Ailde, Edward, stationer, 420, 813 ; John, 813. Allen, Alleine, AUeyne, AUyne, etc., Ed- mond, gent., 4()9, 547, 628, 630, 813 ; Edward, fishmonger, 216, 280, 390, 468, 813 ; Giles, 8(i6 ; John, fishmonger, 228, 281, 813; Mary, 866; Robert, poet, 1026 ; Thomas, grocer, 225, 813. Allington, or Alington, (iiles, gent., 547, 813; Sir Giles. 814, 851; Sir Giles, 813 ; Lieut. Giles, 813 ; AViUiam, 813. Allot, Robert, stationer, 923. Alm.anacks, ()()7. Alnwick Castle, 105. Alport, Thomas, N. Fid. Co., 390. Amazon River, 64, 138, 139, 454, 657, 852, 885, 984, 985, 1032, 1039. Ambassadors, the archduke's, 666; Dutch (see Caron also), 104 ; English (see Ab- bot ; Aston ; Canning ; Carew ; Carle- ton ; Cornwallis ; Cottington ; Cranfield ; Digby ; Digges ; Edmondes ; Ewre ; Hay ; Howard, Charles ; Lee, Hugh ; Merrick ; Middleton ; Muncke ; Neville, Sir H. ; Pory ; Roe ; Sherleys ; Sidneys ; Smith, Sir Thomas ; Spencer ; Stuart ; ViUiers ; Wade ; Walsingham ; Wilson ; Winwood ;' Wotton, and Zouch), 7, 98, 472 ; French (see Buisseaux), 677, 679, 680, 700, 723, 732, 734, 1067 ; Spanish (see Gondomar, the Velascos, and Zu- fiiga), 45, 46, 104, 183, 472, 663, 666 ; Savoy (see aLso Scarnafissi), 665, 666 ; Russia or Muscovy, 666. Ambergris, 146, 635, 639, 646, 648, 655, 658, 661, 666, 667, 683, 735, 1042. America, v, 29, 32, 33, 50, 63, 65, 80, 111, 147, 207, 250, 251, 262, 566, 574, 578, 609, 646, 672, 676, 680, 726, 730, 791, 795, 805, 838, 839, 845, 852, 906, 954, 1009, 1010, 1013, 1025-1027, 1041. See Antarctic Ocean, Arctic Ocean, Atlan- tic Ocean, North America, Pacific Ocean, South America, West Indies. American Antiquarian Society, 110, 170, 334 ; colonization, 977, 1046, 1069 ; en- terprises, 282, 284, 611, 689, 748, 780, 1048 ; rarities, 1039. Amidas, or Amydas, Joan, 915 ; Philip, 13, 14, 813, 890, 905, 976, 991 ; Wil- liam, 915. Amonate, 967. Amplef ord, William, mereliaiit - tailor, 304. Anacostan Indians, 1021. Anchanachuck, 186. Ancient, or Biblical, names of persons and places referred to : Alexander the Great, 276, 781, 782, 1008; Anak, sons of, 289, 1030 ; Anteus the giant, 275; Arabia, 313; Babylon, 314; Ba- san, 313 ; Cadmus, 498 ; Caleb, 639 ; captive girle, 291 ; captive woman, 291 ; captive youthes, 291 ; Ephesus, Queen of, 563; Hercules, 276, 781, 1008; In- dia, 313 ; Janus, 563 ; Joshua, 639 ; Morosa, the ancient name of Virginia, 709 ; Moses, 745 ; Narsis, 313 ; Persia, SKJ; Pomona, 313; seven cities, 837; Sicily, 314 ; Theban's war, 498 ; Thes- saly, 314; Tyrus, 313; Victoria the goddess, 275. See Texts and Sermons. Anderson, Elizabeth, 894 ; Sir Henry, 894. Anderson's (Rev. J. S. M.) " History of the Church of England in the Colonies," 170, 284, 360. Andrews, Mr. Warden Edmond, fishmon- ger, 282 ; John, the elder, doctor of Cambridge, 223, 813 ; John, the young- er, of Cambridge, 224, 813 ; Capt. John, INDEX. 1073 813 ; Rev. Dr. Lancelot, Bishop of Win- chester, translator of the Bible, 8o(), 970; Mary, 8o0; Nicholas, 219, 468, 813 ; Thomas, 836 ; Mr. , 962. Angell, John, 2.5. Angelo. a negro woman, 987. Anglo-Saxon, 730, 80.5. Angus, Earl of, 1066. Amials. See John Stow. Annapolis, 718. Anne of Denmark. See Anne Stuart. Amie, Queen of England (1702-1714), 923. Antarctic seas (around the South Pole), 21, 879. Anthony, Charles, goldsmith, 215, 468, 770, 814 ; Derick, 814 ; Elizabeth, 814 ; Dr. Francis (" aurum potabile"), 814, 818. Antiquaries, Society of. See Society. Antonio, Maestro (see Lymbry, English pilot and spy in the service of Spain), 510, 524, 525. Apamatica, 160. Apocant, 187. Apothecaries, 469, 799, 869, 874, 876, 975; druggists, 353; drugs, 314, 317, 395, 800 ; pharmacy, 395. See Doc- tors. Appalachian Range, or System, 17, 584, 1020. See Minerals. Apsliam, 23. Apsley, Sir AUen, 562, 814, 843, 953, 980. Aquila, Don Juan de (D'Aquyla), Span- iard, 266, 693, 814, 899. Arago (1786-1853), 1025. Arber's edition of Capt. John Smith's Works, 108, 182, 328, 600. Archdale, Barbara, 960 ; Sir Thomas, 960. Archduke. See Albert. Archer (see Aucher, also), Capt. Ga- /Jbriel, first recorder of Virginia, etc., *^Tii, 25, 77, 110, 151, 156, 182, 201, 203, 215, 281, 327-332, 459, 814. 1007 ; John, 814 ; Thomas, stationer, 832, 1032. Archer's Hope, 161, 814. Archfeologia Americana, 110, 172, 177, 631, 602. Archives of Jesus at Rome. Sae Jesuit Archives. Archives of Simancas. See Spanish Doc- uments. Arctic Ocean, or North Sea (around the North Pole), 178, 668 ; circle, 795. Argall, Anne, 814, 1023; Anne, 816; Catherine, 814; Elizabeth, 814, 815; Gaberell, 814 ; Jane, 814 ; John, 814 ; John, Esq., 798, 803, 814, 815, 939; Lawrence, 814 ; Margaret, 814 ; Marv, 815; Mary, 814, 81.5, 1011; Sir Regi- nald, 814, 984, 1031 : Richard, 814, 996 ; Richard, the poet, 815 ; Rowland, 814 ; Sir Samuel, governor of Virginia, etc., 307, 327, 330, 332, 334, 3;36, 343, 344, 357, 408, 417, 428-439, 457-459, 475, 481, 482, 488, 493, 530, 562, 570, 573, 639, 640, 645, 662, 664, 665, 676, 677, 679, 689, 702, 703, 709, 713-720, 724-726, 728, 730-734, 741-743, 745, 74t)-751, 760, 777, 798, 814, 816, auto., 816, 818, 833, 835, 8(i9, 885, 902, 939, 942, 943, 967, 975, 982,984, 1008, 1011, 1023, 1031, 1032, 1065; Sara, 815; Thomas, 814, 1031 ; Thomas, 815. Argall's Bay, 816. ArgaU's Gift, 962. Arlington, Earl of, 827. Armonch^-quois Indians, 535. Armstrong. See Strongarm. Army, xiv ; Army and navy officers. See under Protestantism. Armyne, or Airmyn, Lady Mary, 924, 925 ; Sir William, 924. Arquien, Sieur d' (French), 724. Arostsgui, Antonio de (Spanish), 509- 511. Arrows, 160, 163, 289, 396, 485, 520, 583, 585, 791. Arsahattacks, .504, 505. Articles, 10, 32-35, 64-75, 471, 571. Artniery, 165, 519, 660, 661, 682, 734, 900. Arundel, Earl of. See Thomas Howard. Arundell (see Erondelle), Anne, 817 ; Elizabeth, 887 ; M. John, 14 ; John, Esq., 467, 546, 803, 816 ; John, 816 ; John, 887; Margaret, 887; Sir Mat- thew, 816 ; Peter, 887 ; Thomas, Lord of Wardour, 27, 48, 50, 198, 244, 245, 311, 324, 816, 817,927, 1061, Port., 31. Asbie, John, 167. Ascough (Askew, etc.), Sir Francis, 1046. Ashcroft, Richard, 803, 817. Ashhurst, Thomas, of Bristol, 2. Ashley, Anne, 817 ; Anthony, 817 ; Sir Anthony, translator, etc., 210, 466, 817, 818, 926 ; Henry, merchant-tailor, .304 ; James, merchant - tailor, 304 ; Capt. 25 ; Capt. John, 213, 818 ; Robert, 817. Ashmole, Elias, 488. Ashmolean MS., 488, 562. Ashmole's Museum, 199. Ashton (see Aston), Sir Roger, 211, 818, Port., 40. Asia, 147, 994, 1023; Aden in Arabia, 147 ; Aleppo, 885, 970, 1000 ; Arabia, 23; Arabic MS., 1039; Babylon, 314; Canaan. 365, 499, 578, 582 ; Caspian Sea, 83, 793, 956, 10-38; "Dammaske," 1044; Dead Sea (" Mare Mortuum"), 793; Holy Land, 275, 885, 1032, "Bethlem," 1044, "Gaza," 1032, " Galely," 1044, Jerusalem, 1032, 1044, " Landes of Jewrie,'' 1044, Palestina, 793 (see Canaan also) ; Hydaspes (Jhy- lum) River, 956 ; Ormus, 147 ; Oxus River, 956; Red Sea, 147, 272; Sinde, 1074 INDEX. river of, 957; Syria, 885, 937; Tar- tary, 57o, 574, 785, 859 ; Tripolis in Syria, 885 ; Turkey in Asia, 885, 1023. See Chin.i, East India, Japan, Pacific Ocean, Persia, etc. Askew (Ascougb, etc.), James, 219, 468, 818. Askin, Lady Anne, 1046. Askwith, Robert, Esq., 467, 546, 818. Aspley, William, stationer, 29, 818. Assaeomoit (see Sasacomoit), Indian, 127, 131. Assembly. See Burgesses. Asten. Sae Austen. Aston (see Ashton), Elizabeth, 818 ; Walter, of Va., 818 ; Sir Walter, diplo- mat, 544, 818, FotU, 50. Atkins, Doctor (Henry), 1014; Mary, 8o9 ; Richard, 839 ; Thomas, fishmon- ger, 282. Atkinson, Edward, merchant-tailor, 303 ; Richard, the elder, 1032 ; Richard, the younger, ix, 308, 310, 818; William, lawyer, 218, 818; Mr. , 14. Atlantic Ocean, 20: "this sea," 647; "North Ji). Banister, Richard, merchant, 21.5, 823. Banks, Anne, HS-i ; John, 21.5, 770, 823 ; Miles, cutler, 226, 828. Bankworth, Mr. , stationer, 292 ; Richard, 830. Bantam on the Island of Java, 873, 957, 97:]. Barbadoes, 85G, 911, 920, 921, 1034, 1036, 1();59. ^Z— Barbar, Capt. Andreas (Spaniard), 132. Barbary, kings of, 440. Barber, Edward, 468 ; Gabriel, 1060 ; Thomas, merchant, 215, 823. Bardwell, William, 220. BargTRve, Angel, or Ingle, 823 ; Capt. George, 803, 823, 824, 943 ; Rev. Isaac, 823, 824; Capt. John, 803, 823, 824, 929, 932, 993, 1066; Richard, 823; Robert, 823 ; Robert, 823 ; Rev. Thomas, 823. #5-' Barbara, Mr. , 982. Barham, Downs, .537. Barkeley (see Berkeley), John, 1065 ; Mar\-, 1065. Barker, Christopher, stationer, 824 ; Mat- thew, raerchant-tailor, 304 ; Robert, stationer, printer of the Bible, 292, 824 ; Robert, shoemaker. 222, 824. Barkham. Edward, 824; Edward, 468, 824, 823 ; Jane, 825 ; Margaret, 825. Barkley. See Berkeley. Barlee,' or Barley, Dulcibella, 114, 968 ; John, 968; Capt. John. 114, 115. Barley, Robert, 847 ; William, stationer, 966. Barlow, Artliur, 13, 890, 905, 976 ; Fran- ces, 945 ; Bishop William, a translator of the Bible, 874, 945. Barlow's (S. L. M.), Library, 18L Barnard (see Bernard), John, 771, 828, 982 ; Thomas, 828. Barneham, or Barnham, Alice, 820 ; Ben- edict, 820 ; Sir Francis, .544, 825. Barners (Barnes ?), Anthony, Esq., 214, 467, 825. Barnes, Alice, 880 ; Anne, 825, 845, 943, 1041 ; Anne, 939 ; Bartholomew, 812 ; Elizabeth, 825, 983; Edward, 8S0 ; Edward, 219, 469, 825, 1061 ; Francis, 913 ; Sir George, the elder, reformer, 3, 825,839, 84o, 929, 983, 1041, Port, 70 ; Sir George, the younger, 12, 825, 896, 943 ; John, 825 ; John, stationer, 767; Joseph, stationer, 600, 601; Juli- ana, 913 ; Margaret, 812; Roger, sta- tioner, 419; Sir William, 93i>; WU- liara, 215, 468, 825, 992; William, fishmonger, 281. See Baron. Barnevelt (or Olden Barnevelt), Mong. (Dutch), 448, 9.59. Barnstable, England, 17, 876, 947 ; Barn- stable, .Mass., 460. Baron, Cliristopher, 222, 770, 825, 982 ; Richard, 825. Barrett, Master Robert, (> ; William, grocer, 469, .548, 5'.»0, 687, 825 ; Wil- liam, stationer, 428. Barrington, Sir Francis, 466, ,543, 825, 826, 868 ; Joan, 826. Barros, John, author, 10, 826. Bartle, Bartlev, Barklet, etc., Peter, 469, 547, 826, 9oV), 907. Bartlett, Hon. J. R., xvi, 142, 337. Barton, Capt. George, 16, 826. Baskerville, Sir Thomaa, 23, 826, 998, 1031. Basse, Humphrey, .548, 826. Bassett, George, merchant-tailor, .305. Basti, Gen. George (Albanian), 1007. Bateman, Sir Anthony, 826 ; Richard, 826 ; Robert, 826 ; Robert, solicitor E. I. Co., 220, 766, 803, 826, 982; Sir Thomas, 826. Bath, Earl of. — William Bonrchier. Bath, Marquis of, xvii, 318, 384, Bathes, 153, 154, 480, 489. Bathori, Sigdsmund, 1007, 1008 ; Stephen, 1002, 1007 ; the three brothers (Chris- topher, Sigismund, and Steplien), 1007, Bathurst. Earl of, 826 ; Launcelot. 826 ; Randolph, 814; Thomas, 221; Timo- thy, grocer, 225, 257, auto., 823, 962. Baudius, Dominic, of Leyden, 1026. Bavaria, Duke of, 877. Bayfill, John, fishmonger, 281. Bayley (or Bailev), Capt. , 16 ; Capt, John, 115; Roger, 18, 20; Thomas, vintner, 226, 826 ; Walter, 18, 20 ; , 1028. Baynam. Richard, 904. c Baynham, Mr. , 982. Bayning, Andrew, grocer, 388; Paul, Viscount, 845. Bavs : ArgaU's, 816 ; Cape Cod, or Whitson's, 460, 972, 1052 ; De la Warr, 327, 438, 461. 641, 1048 ; Fleets, 892 ; Massachusetts, 194, 460, 1028; Pow- hatan, Poetan, Portan, Purtan, Putin, 151, 188. See Chesapeake. Beadle of the Va. Co., viii. See Francis Carter. Beale, Edward, grocer, 224, 827 ; John, stationer, 657, 746 (759 ?) ; Robert, 12, 827, 1056. Beard, George, merchant-tailor, .304. Beast (see Best), Benjamin, 167. Beaufort, Duke of (see Somerset), 1019. Beaumont, John, clothier, .548, 827 ; Sir Thomas, the elder, 466, 544, 827. Becher, or Beecher, Sir William, 948. Beck, Charles, 8U3, 827; William, gent., 547, 827. Bedford, Countess of. — Lucy Jlarring- ton. Bedford, Earl of. — Edward Russell. Bedingfield, Sir Henry, 544, 837 ; Mar- garet, 997. 1076 INDEX. Beedel, Bedell, Gabriel, 218, 826 ; John, 218, 827. " Beggar's Bush," 933. Beilby, Elizabeth, 963 ; Dr. John, 963. Bell, Ann, UU3 ; Dorothy, 924 ; Edward, 903; Capt. PhUip, 886; Sir Robert, 886; Sir Robert, 924; Robert, mer- chant, 548, 574, 766, 827, 982. Bellarmine (Cardinal Roberto Bellar- mino), 361, 927. Bellingham, Gov. Richard, 931, 1045. Benbow, William, merchant-tailor, 305. Benn, Sir Anthony, 914, 945. Bennet, Edward, 982 ; George, 220, 827 ; Henry, Earl of Arlington, 827; Sir John, 466, 543, 827; Richard, 955; William, fishmonger, 223, 281, 827. Benson, Nicholas, 220, 468, 770, 827 ; Pe- ter, 222, 827 ; Richard, 827. Benton's statue, 81. Bents, Alexander, 219. Beomont. See Beaumont. Berke, John, Dutch, 447. Berkeley, Charles, Viscount Fitzharding, 827; Sir Charles, 802, 803, 827, 828, y 899 ; Edward, 223 ; Edward, gent., 547, ^^ 827; Elizabeth, 873, 1031; George, Lord, 1036 ; George, merchant, 219, 468, 594, 748, 759, 770, 827 ; Henry, 17th Lord, 1005 ; Sir Henry, 827, 956 ; Henry, 828 ; Sir Henry, 828 ; Jane, 828 ; Sir John, 828 ; Sir- John, 827 ; John Syms, 828; Margaret, 828; Sir Maurice, 827, 960; Sir Maurice, 828; Sir Maurice, 828 ; Sir Maurice, 93, 210, 232, 424, 466, 827, 828, 934 ; Norborne, Baron de Botetourt, 827, 828 ; Sir Rich- ard, 827 ; Sir Richard, 873 ; Richard, 803, 828, 985, 1005, 1031, 1060, 1069; Robert, gent., 547, 828 ; Thomas, 1005 ; William, 219, 828 ; WiUiam,_ 226 ; Sir William, governor of Virginia, 827, 828, 899, 935, 956, 963. Berkeley Hundred in Virginia, 828, 830, 962, 971, 985, 1005, 1006, 1031, 1032, 1047, 1059, 1060. Berkshire, Earl of. — Francis Lord Nor- ris. Bermuda Nether Hundred, Va., 782, 1050. Bermudas, Bermoothes, Bermoothawes, etc.. Islands and Company, 23, 24, 80, 128, 192, 328, ,343, 40(J-402, 404, 408, 416-420, 422, 448, 456, 495, 508, 520, 537, 560, 568, 588, 589, 51)3-595, 602, 603, 607, 616-621, 633, 634, ()36-(;;19, 645-647, 649, 655, 656, 658, 660, 661, 663, 666-668, 680-684, 689, 724, 734, 736, 740, 750, 752-756, 759, 76C>, 773, 774, 789, 795 ; Dfemoniorum insulam, Hand of the Devil, He of the Devil, Land "of Devils, 419, 420, 589, 681, 753 ; Somers Island, 537, 557, 594, 620, 637, 66(5, 680, 74S, 752, 755, 756, 7()8, 770, 771,795; Summer Islands, 637, 645, 759, 1008, 1009 ; Vermudas, 495, 658 ; Virginiola, 537- See the Tem- pest, and the Voyages to. Governors of the island : Philip Bell, John Ber- nard, Nathaniel Butler, Jolin Harrison, and Daniel Tucker; of the company, W. Cavendish, E. Sackville, and Thomas Smith. Depvity : William Can- ning. See Biographies, pp. 823, 824, 828, 846, 847, 874, 885, 886, 900, 913, 918, 920, 929, 945, 946, 948, 953, 958, 959, 979-982, 989, 994, 1000, 1013, 1014, 1017-1019, 1024, 1026, 1032- 1034, 1039, 1040, 1042-1044, 1053, 1055, 1057, 1059, 1062, 1064, 1065. Bernard (see Barnard), John, 771, 828, 982 ; Rev. Richard, 779 ; Tliomas, 828 ; William, merchant-tailor, 304. BeiTisford, Rowland, or Robert, 225, 828. Berrow, Mrs. Anne, 991. Berry, Capt. , 977. Bertie, or Berty, Peregrine, Esq,, 543, 828, 1006, 1069 ; Peregrine, Lord WU- loughby, 814, 826, 82S, 914, 961, 997, 1006, 1029, 1030. Besbeche (Beswick?), WiUiam, grocer, 390. Best, EUis, 102, 192. Beswicke, Anne, 959 ; William, 959. Beverley's history of Virginia, 971. Bevil, Elizabeth, 905 ; Philip, 905. Beza, Theodore, French reformer, 984. Eiancourt, Biencourt, Bencourt (see Pou- trincourt), Charles de (French), 194,475, 533-536, 726 ; Jean de, 726 ; complaint, 725-729. Biard, Rev. Father Peter, French Jesuit, 94, 699, 715, 718-720, 726-728, 815, 828 ; letters, 475, 476, 533-536, 700- 708 ; extract from his Relation, 709- 725. Bible, quotations from, 361, 375 (see Ser- mons and Texts) ; translation of 1565, 991 ; of 1604-1611, 97, 811, 824, 836, 852, 1026. Biddeford, Maine, 1039. Bideford, England, 19, 138. Biggs, Capt. Walter, 16, 828, 868. Bileth. See Byleth. Bill, Mr. John, stationer, 293, 828. Bills of Adventure, 252, 308, 309, 389, 390-392, 452-454, 471, 496, 540, 549, 555, 763, 774, 852. Bing, or Byng, George, 1069; WUliam, 803, 828, 829, 982, 1069. Bingham, Capt. John, 213. Bingley, John, E.sq., 214, 467, 549, 829, 980, 1069 ; Sir Richard, 545, 829, 980 ; , the pirate (Sir Richard ?), 119. Biographies, xii, xiii, 807-1070. Biondi, G. F., Dalmatian author, 601, 829. Birch's "Memoirs of Elizabeth," 852; " Life of Henry Prince of Wales," 108, 237, 387 ; " Court and Times of James I.," 527, 734, 730. INDEX. 1077 Birds of Virginia, 161, 175, 585, 586, 683, 800. Birnle, Capt. , 97". Biron (Byron ?), M., 2. Bishop, Bisshop, , 223 ; Edward, sta- tioner, 222, 293, 46S, 770, 829 ; Miister George, stationer, 292, 321, 812, 824, 829, 891. Bisseaux. See Buisseaux. Bitfield, Capt. , 10. Black Prince, 370. Blackall, John, 909. Blacker, Rev. Beaver H., xvii. Blacksmiths, 203, 227, 248, 3.53, .520, 858. Blackwall, William, stationer, 969. Blake, Patrick, merchant-tailor, 304. Blakemore, Arthur, grocer, .590 ; Richard, 803, 829. Bland, Adam, 829 ; Adam, 829 ; Edward, 829 ; Edward, 829, 830 ; Edward, 874 ; Edward, author, 830 ; Giles, rebel, 829, 830 ; Gregory, merchant-tailor, 30(5, 829, 830, 1000 ; Jane, 829 ; John, 829, 830 ; John, 830 ; John, grocer, 803, 829, 830, 902, 994, 1000, 1042; Sarah, 830 ; Theodorick, 829, 962, 994 ; Thomas. 994. " Bland, Fals of," 830. Blantyre, Lord, 1049. Blasius, Friar, Spaniard, 129, 130. Bletsoe, 573. Blount, or Blunt, Catherine, 827 ; Charles, Earl of Devonshire, 1067 ; Edward, or Ned, stationer, 667, 803, 830; John, grocer, 225, 830: Judith, 8-52, 1017; Richard, 803, 830; Sarah, 997, 1004, 1013, 1017 ; Thomas, Esq., 992 ; Wal- ter, 992 ; William, 827 ; William, 852, 1017. See Montjoy. Blount Point. Va., 1043. Bludder, Sir Thomas, 212, 830. Blundell, Capt. John, 213. Blythe (see Bvleth), Capt. Richard, 8.37; William, 903. Bodleian Library, xvii, 488, 562, 986, 1018. Bodley, Sir Thomas, 1018. Bohun, or Boone, Dr. Lawrence, 412, 479, 546, 830, 831, 907, 1029, 1056. Boleyn, Amata, 882 ; Queen Anne, 882. Bolingbroke, Viscounts, 989. BoUes, Anne, 1004 ; Sir George, 214, 257, 387, 388, 557, 591, 686, auto., 831, 914, 1004. BoUing, Alexander, 816 ; Thomas, 816. Bolton, Capt. Thomas, 6. Bond, Anne, 906, 10-52 ; Sir George, 831 ; Martin, haberdasher, 217. 8t»3, 831. 1052 ; Thomas. 802, 803, 831 ; AViUiara. 831, 906; WiUiam, Esq., 831 ; William, merchant-tailor, 303 ; Sir William, 496, 831. Bone, George, 894. Ronham, Thomas, 831; William, 215, 4C9, 831. Bonnyvale, Samuel, merchant-tailor, 304. " Booke called ye Lotterie," 571 ; " booke or thinge," etc., 538; books, 24, 72, 576, 007, 778, 1051. See Sta- tioners' Company. Bookkeeper of the Virginia Company (1609-1()), vii. viii. (Name unknown ; but Valentine Markhum held the office in 1619, and probably before that date.) Boothby, Thomas, merchant-tailor, 303. Boris-GodrunofF, " Caisar," of Russia (1598-1605), 1012, 1013. Borlace, Borlase, Burlacie, Dr. Edmund, author, 831 ; Sir John, 212, 831. Borough, Borowgh, Boroughs, Burgh, etc., Henry, 925 ; Sir John, 21, 22, 831, 925, 956 ; Capt. John (Brough), 803, 834; John, 929; Stephen (Borowgh), 831; WiUiam Lord, 831, 925; Wil- liam, author, etc , 11, 831, 832. Boston, Mass., 781, 1029, 1030, 1036. " Boston Daily Advertiser," 730. Boston Harbor, 460. Bosville, Nicholas, merchant-tailor, 304. Boteler. See Butler. Botero, Italian, 932. Boughton, Francis, 958 ; Rachel, 958. Boulaye, Monsieur la, French, 724. Boulstrode, or Bulstrode, Sir William, 466, 544, 629, 630, 832. Bourchier, Anthony, 888, 1012 ; Lady Ce- cilia, 9(56 ; Elizabeth, 998 ; Sir Henry, 1027 ; Sir James, 998 ; John, 2d Earl of Bath, 966; Sir John, 4(5(5, .543, 832, 999; Mary, 888, 1012; Thomas, 998-; William, Earl of Bath, 796, 832. Bourke, Burke, Burgh, Richard, Earl of Clanricard, 542, 832, 1041. Bourne, David, 219, 469, 832 ; Nicholas, stationer, 767, 832, 837, 1059; Richard, grocer, 591, 687 ; Ruben, 548, 832 ; William, author, 925, 926, 1006. Bourne's (H. R. Fox) " Famous London Merchants," 310, 985. Bowden, Martyn. merchant-tailor, 305. Bowdler, Richard, 390. Bowes, Sir Jerome, 914. Bows, 156, 158, 100-163, 396, 520. Bowyer, Anne, 912 ; Sir Edmund, 466, .544, 803, 832 ; Francis, 832 ; Sir Hen- ry, 912 ; Robert, Esq., 214, 832, 1069 ; Robert, grocer, 257, 387-389, 558, 591, 686, 832. Box, William, 1009. Boyle, Richard, stationer, 293 ; Richard, Earl of Cork, 890 ; Hon. Robert, 890. Boys. Rev. .John, 823. Brackley, Viscount — Thomas Egerton. Bradford, Rev. John, martyr, 942, 943 ; Thomas, merchant-tailor, 305. Bi-adley, Rev. Francis, 4(59, 547. Brand. Benjamin, Esq , 54(5, 832- Brandon, or Martin's Brandon, Va., 821, 913, 943, 944. 1078 INDEX. Brandon, the hangman of London, 1008. Brathwait, Richard, poet, 785, 832. Bray, Edmund, SHI, 1U31. Brayne, Ellen, SoO. Brazil, 138, 153, 671, 768, 838, 916, 029; " The Portugales doe inhabite from 7° to 24° So. Lat.," 671 ; Baija das Ilhas, 671 ; Baija del Spirito Santo, 671 ; Baija de todos Santos, 671 ; Fernambuck, 671 ; Maraynor (Maranhao) River, 768 ; Paraiba, 671 ; Petiguoras, 671 ; Porto Seguro, 671 ; Santos, 671 ; Sant Vin- cente, 671. See South America. Brazil, island of, 837 ; wood, 146. Brearley, or Brierly, James, fishmonger, 216, 280, 832. Bree, John, gent., 221. Bremige (Gamage ?), Mr. , 14. Brereton, John, 25, 829, 832, 833, 918, 1009. Bret, or Brett, Capt. , 852 ; , 965 ; Mrs. Anne, 965 ; James, 824 ; Sir Robert, 865 ; Thomas, fishmonger, 281, 833. Brevoort, James Carson, 881. Brewers, 226, 353, 3.56, 470, 858, 883. Brewsey. See Prusey. Brewster, Edward, son of William, 224, 407, 417; Capt. Edward, 492, 833; Edward, stationer, 833 ; Sackf ord, 830 ; William, 167 ; William, 214, 833. Brick, 492; layers, 356, 469; makers, 248, 353, 356, 469 ; making, 584 ; men, 4.39, 445. Bridges (see Brydges), Bishop John, 542, 833. Briggs, Henry, author, etc., 803, 833; Richard, 803. Bright, WilUam, 469, 547. Brinslv, Capt. , 212. Bristol, England, 10, 11, 26, 53, 359, 384, 391, 733, 780, 813, 837-839, 907, 931, 947, 972, 973, 990, 1030-1032, 1052. See Guy, Hopkins, James, Whitson, etc. Bristol, Earl of. — John Digby. British Museum, xvii, 36-38, 108, 148, 337, 391, 524, 549, 562, 566, 733, 774, 790, 1051. Britton (Britain, Brereton), John, .548, 770, 833; Thomas, 221, 833. Broadsides, 24, 248, 249, 3.i4-356, 4.39, 445, 469, 470, 608, 761-766, 797-799, 1025. Brochero, Don Diego (Spaniard), 588, 592, 833. Brock, R. A., xvii, 488. Brocket, Thomas, gent., 225, 833. Bromfield, Arthur, Esq., 77 ), 833. Bromlev, Elizabeth, 809 ; Sir Henry, 959 ; Sir Thomas, 869. Brond, John, 832. Brook, Brooke, Brookes, Alderman, 904 ; Alice, 825 ; Sir Calisthenes, 210, 833 ; Christopher, Esq., poet, etc, 214, 232, 384, 467, 623-631, 692, 694, 833, 834, 864, 1026; Edward, 155; Elizabeth, 849; Lady Elizabeth, 869; Francis, 14; Henry, Lord Cobham ; 26, 834, Port-, 80 ; John, merchant-tailor, 304 ; Sir John, 211, 834; John, 834 ; Richard, 216, 834; Sir Richard, 956; Robert, 833 ; Sk Robert, 869 ; Samuel, 834 ; Silvester, 876 ; William, Lord Cobham, 834, 849. Brooke, Lord. See Greville. Brooks, Capt. Christopher, 834. Brooker, Hugh, Esq., 214, 834. Broomsgrave, Mr. , fishmonger, 281. Brough, Capt. John, 803, 834. Brouncker, Joan, 1011; Robert, 1011. Brown, Mr. , of the Carter-Brown Library, 142. Brown, Browne, Anthony, Viscount Mon- tagu, 1061 ; Christopher, 890, 901 ; Ed- ward, 842 ; Edward, 167 ; John, mer- chant-tailor," 305, 306, 834 ; John, N. Fid. Co., 390 ; Mary, 1055, 1061 ; Marv, 901; Matthew, 217; Nicholas, 834; Richard, 930; Richard, 6, 834, 930; Sir R. , 890 ; Susan, 930 ; AViUiam, shoemaker, 222, 834 ; Sir WiUiam, 210, 834 ; William, poet, 1026 ; Master , 417 ; Mr. , 978. Browning, John. 1005 ; Mary, 1005. Brownrig, Matthew, 80.3, 834. Bruce, Christian, 847, 848 ; Edward, Lord, 847 ; Lord, 989. Brudenel, or Brudenell, Edmund, 220, 834; Francis, 834. Bruges, Sir George, 1033 ; Mary, 1033. Brunswick, Duke of, 1028. Brydges (see Bridges), Frances, 851, 1018; Grav, Lord Chandos, 209, 231, 834, 835, 851 ; WiUiam, Lord, 834, 851, 1018. Buck, Benoni. 835, 865 ; Mara, 835 ; Sir Peter, 857; Rev. Richard, 407, 547, 619, 782. 835, 987. 1050. Buckhurst, Lord. See Sackville. Buckingham. Countess of. 965. Buckingham. Edward. Duke of. 997. Buckingham (Sheffield). Duke of, 999. Buckingham. See Villiers. Buckler, Andrew, 325. Buekner, Thomas, 911. Budd, W. (tobacco), 772 ; William, fish- monger, 282. Budge, John, stationer, 595, 904. Budoekshead, Winifred. 901. Buenos Avres (Venezuela coast), 510, 512, 524, 52.^ ; (Plate River). 670. BuiUon, Duke de (French), 569, 835. Buisseaux. or Bisseaux, Mons. de, French ambassador, 665, 677, 679, 680, 725, 732-734, 835. Buley (Balev?), Master John, 680. Bulkelev, Katlu'rine, 835, 994 ; Sir Rich- ard, 835 ; Sir Richard, 803, 835, 994 ; Thomas, 835. INDEX. 1079 Bull. See Ball. Bull, Dr. John, musician, 104 ; Thomas, grocer, 2.57. Bullinan, Joan, 1063 ; Thomas, 1003. Bullock, John, Esq., 214, 836. BuUs, Papal, xiii, xiv, 2, 3, 7, 14, 15, 19, 119, 201, 366, 669, 673-675, 838. Burbage, James, 836 ; Richard, 637, 836. Burgesses in Vii-ginia, 830, 835, 892, 904, 913, 933, 943, 962, 963, 970, 971, 1000, 1021, 1034, 1059, 1065. See under Firsts. Burgh (see Borough), Henry, 925; John, 929; William, Lord, 831, 925. Burgon's Life of Gresham, 7, 905. Burgoyne, Nicholas de (Huguenot), 17, 83(); Peter, 222, 836; Robert, 222, 836 ; Thomas, 222, 836. Burie, Pindle, merchant, 501. Burke's Works (Peerage and Baronetage Extinct, Extant, and Dormant ; Land- ed Gentry ; Vicissitudes of Families ; etc.), 868, 930, 935, 963, 1040, 1060. Burk's History of Virginia, 65, 79, 170. Burlacie, !Sir John, 212, 831. Burlamachi, Philip, Dutch merchant and banker of London, 388, 574, 875. Burleigh, or Burghley, Lord. — William Cecil. Burley, Rev. Francis, 222, 836; Rev. Francis, 547. Burnell, Mrs. Barbara, 1058. Burnham, Samuel, 224, 836. Burray, Capt. , 213. Burre, Walter, stationer, 766, 772. Burrell, or Burwell, Andrews, 836, 973 ; Edward, 220 ; John, 836 ; Ninian (Min- ion), 803, 836 ; Richard, grocer, 557, 561, 591, 687; William, 469, 548, 574, 836, 973. See BusseU. Burrough. See Borough. " Burroughs, Ancient," in Virginia, 1025. Burton, George, 218, 836. Burve, Julian (widow), 972. Busbridge, John, 220, 468, 836. Busby, Ralphe, grocer, 225, 836. Busca. See Basti. Bushell, Thomas, the Life of, 1040. Bussel (Burrel ?), Sarah, 1063 ; William, 1063. Buteridge, Frauncis, raierchant-tailor, 305. Butler, or Boteler, George, gent., 228, 836; James, 836, 982; John, 836; Capt. Nathaniel, governor, author, etc., 797, 832, 836, 837, 863, 982, 994, 1064 ; Sir Oliver, 836 ; Samuel, poet, 920 ; the sister of Captain Nathaniel, 836, 863. Butter, Nathaniel, stationer, 128, 837, 886, KKil. Button, Miles, 837; Sir Thomas, 214, 467, 556, 667, 686, 837, 878, 901, 930, 942, 955, 980, 982, 1013, 1058. Butts, Thomas, 2, 837 ; Sir William, 837. Byleth, Bylott, etc. (Blythe ?), Robert, 656, 767, T79, 822, 837, 1014, 1057, 1058. ByUs. See BiUs. Byng. See Bing. Byrd, Mary, 990 ; Col. William, 935, 990, 1063 ; Col. William, 888 ; the family of Virginia, 990. Byron (see Biron), Alice, 977 ; Sir John, 977. C, T., 966. Cabell, Alice, 827; N. F., Esq., xvii ; Lt.-Col. William, xvii, 37. Cabot, John (Venetian), 2, 18, 837, 838, 839 ; Sebastian, 3, 672, 733, 838, 839, 859, 1022, Port., 91. Cadiz (Spain), 24, (i07, 816, 817, 836, 854, 877 ; knighted there, passim. Cffisar, Sir Charles, 825, 840 ; Sir Ju- lius, author, 8, 36, 179, 677, 679, 686, 813, 820, 821, 839-841, 939, 944, Port., 101; "Dr. Caesar Adelmare " (Vene- tian), 839, 840, 939. Caesar Papers, 36, 37. Cage, Anne, 914 ; Anthony, 914 ; Edward, grocer, 222, 468, 841, 914 ; John, 841, 906. Calais, Cales (France), 588, 706, 723,724, 1056. Calendars, Clarendon Papers, 18 ; House of Lords, 959. Calendars, State Papers, Domestic, Eliz., 9, 10, 13, 14, 21, 1007 ; Domestic, Ja.s. L, 760 ; Colonial, America, 10, 12, 386, 454, 760 ; Colonial, E. I., 8, 237, 249, 573, 860. California (Cape), 672. Callamata, 785, 841. Callaway, Kelleway, Kellowav, Kelway, Agnes, 880; Ann, 897; Anne, 912; Mary, 856 ; Robert, 912 ; Sir William, 897. CallowhiU, Christopher, 907, 1052. Calthorpe, Elizabeth, 882 ; Sir Philip, 882. See Galthorpe Calvert, Cecil, 817, 842 ; George, Lord Baltimore, 214, 803, 817, 841, auto., 842, 942, 979, 1039, 1047, 1058, 1067, Port., 111. Cam, or Came, Master Thomas, 27, 842 ; , of Plymouth, 34. Camache, Capt. Alphonse (French), 758. Camack, Camock, Comock, Thomas, Esq., 857. Cambridge, 614. Camden Society publications, 768, 773, 789. Camden, William, author, 31, 924, 970. Camoeacocke, 488. Camock. See Camack. Campbell, or Cambell, Abigail, 812; Elizabeth, 997; Sir James, 226, 842, 997; .Sir Thomas, 812, 842, 997. Campbell's (Charles) History of Virginia, 43, 150, 777. 1080 INDEX. Campe, Laurence, draper, 222, 468, 842. Canada, 4G0, 664, 677, 679, 698, 732, 813, 841, 911, 945, 946, 1048; river of, 532. See CLVIII. Canadian Government, 707 ; Canadians, 707. Canary Islands, 128, 245, 328, 343, 345, 456, 489, 830 ; Veego (Vega), 137. Candish. See Cavendish. Candle, sale by, 735. Candler, Anne, 919. Canne, William, 842. Canner, Master Thomas, 26. Canning-, George, 842 ; George, Viscount, 842 ; Paul, diplomat, 224, 842 ; Rich- ard, 842 ; William, 887 ; WiUiam, Deputy Treasurer, 224, 468, 756, 770, auto., 842, 887, 934, 943, 982. Cannon, Thomas, gent., 222, 842. Canoas, 128, 129, 152, 157, 159, 166, 644. Cant, Hugo of Prague, 936. Cantauntock, 188. Canterbury, Archbishop of. See George Abbot, and William Laud. Canterbury, Town of, 760, 790. Cantrell, William, gent., 217, 842. Capahowasick, 188. Capes : Anne, or Tragabigzanda, 460, 853, 999, 1025 ; Breton (Briton, etc.), 6, 10, 11, 12, 23, 24, 322, 717, 732, 845, 890, 897, 929 (Britton), 930, 1021, 1023, 1040 ; California, 672 ; Charles, 409, 438, 439, 459, 565, 644, 781, 877, 1013, 1025 ; Cod, Malabar, or " Whitson's hed," 429, 431, 436, 437, 459, 460, 815, 816, 876, 877, 902, 970, 985, 10.52; Comfort, see Comfort ; Digges, 878 ; Elizabeth, 1025 ; Feare, 459 ; Finister, 32 ; Francisco, or San Francisco, 881, 917 ; Good Hope, 773, 973 ; Gracias-a- Dios, 886 ; Hatteras, 459 ; Henry, 158, 354, 401, 403, 404, 409, 414, 429, 484, 565, 781, 1025; Kenrick, 4.59; La Warr, 438; Lookout, 459; Malabar, 459 ; Porpas, or Porpoise, 460 ; S. John, 459; "San Nicolas," 393, 394; San Roman, 514 ; Shole, 459, Tragabig- zanda, 853 ; Trafalgar, 514 ; Whitson. See Cape Cod. See the Maps. Capps, William, of Virginia, 1056. Captain of the John and Francis (?), 739. Captain of the Watch, 530. Captains, 212-214, 219, 467, 542, 547, 775. Captain - General. See Thomas West, Lord De La Warr. Carayon, R. P. Augnste, 475, 698-700. Carbery, Earl of. — John Vaughan. Cardan, 910. Careless, Thomas, 219. See Edward Wright. Carew, Ann, 937 ; Anne, 843 ; Edward, 221 ; Edmund, 842 ; Rev. George, 842 ; George, Lord, author, 141, 143, 209, 231, 379, 526, 736, 768, 773, 774, 789, 828, 842, auto., 843, 861, 880, 898, 899, 901, 917, 938, 956, 970, 1042, 1054, 1055, 1066, Port, 121 ; Sir George, au- thor and diplomat, 279, 843, 1069; Gome, 102, 192; Katherine, 842; Sir Matthew, 983 ; Sir Nicholas, 937 ; Thomas, the poet, 983 ; Mr. , 898. Carew Papers, 736, 861. Carey, or Cary, Catherine (Knollys),935 ; Sir Edward, 844 ; Sir George, 467, 543, 843, 844, 979, 1043 ; Henry, Lord Huns- don, 18, 844, 1045, 1046; Sir Henry, Viscount Falkland, 210, 232, 466, 844, 926, 978, 1050, Port., 131 ; Sir Henry, Captain, 803, 844 ; Sir Henry (which ?), 628-630, 978, 1069 ; Katherine, 1045 ; Katherine, 926, 1045, 1046; Lucius, 844, 954, 995; Sir Philip, 803, 844, 982; Sir Robert, author, 212, 844, 1018, Port., 141 ; Thomas, 843 ; Hon. Thomas, 920, 1018 ; Rev. Dr. Valen- tine, 1025. Caribbee Islands, 875, 918, 982, 1058. Carleill, Carlile, Carlyle, Carlisle, etc., Master Alexander, 16 ; Alexander, 825, 845, 929 ; Alice, 825, 929; Capt. Chris- topher, author, etc., 8-12, 14, 16, 825, 845, 890, 894, 896, 929, 937, 1021, 1023, 1030, 1041, Port., 161. Carleton, Mrs. or Miss, Alice, 605, 907 ; Sir Dudley, diplomat, etc., 113, 114, 179, 180, 205, 237, 509, 527, 532, 5-37, 540, 561, 569, 590, 592, 601, 610, 634, 654, 665, 667, 668, 686, 691, 696, 697, 789, 819, 820, 829, 833, 8.35, 845, 848, 863, 870-873, 878, 888, 895, 896, 917, 941, 955, 969, 970, 981, 988, 991, 1012, 1014-1016, 1028, 1037, 1042, 1043, 1066, Port., 171 ; Bishop (George), 1039. Carleton' s Virginia Papers, 879. Carlisle, Earl of. — James Hay. Caimarden (or Carwarden), Richard, 846 ; Richard, Esq., 546, 846. Carne, Edward, Esq., 546, 845 ; William, 845. Carolina, 5, 17, 818, 828, 860, 919, 1036. Caron, Sir Noel de, Dutch ambassador, 89, 440, 845, 846, 872. Carpenter, Abraham, 803, 846 ; Alice, 846 ; Thomas, 215, 846 ; William, 224, 846. Carpenters sent to Virginia, 84, 203, 248, 353, 355, 439, 445, 470, 491, 520, 642, 799 ; Carpenters' Company, 227, 858. Carr. or Carre, Sir Edward, 543, 846 ; Lady Elianor, 467, 542 ; Robert. Earl of S'omerset, 677-679, 684, 820, 846, 865, 915, 928, 951, 1039. Carril, or Can-yll, , 935. Carte, the historian, 986. Carter, Christopher, 1043 ; Francis (see Beadle), 548, 846, 958, 975, 1011; James, 913, 914 ; Randall, or Randolph, 217,468, 846; M. , 2. INDEX. 1081 Carter-Brown Library, 142, 181, 242, 280, 284, 2U5, 81:3, 323, 337, 428, 478, 53(t, 5o8, OOO, (512, 621, 746, 790, 791. Carthagena (South America), 16, 510- 512, 524, 525, 671, 675, 71)2, 828, 905. Cartier, Jacques (French), 10. Cartwright, Abraham, 220, 468, 770, 846, 1036 ; Frances, 846, 1036. Carvil, or Carril, John, 220, 846. Carwarden. ISee Camiarden. Carwardine, , 846. Cary. See Carey. Gary 11, (see Carrill), 935. Casas, Bartholeme de las (Spaniard), 673. Casaubon (Swiss), 970. Cashier of the Virginia Company, viii. Cassen, Casson, Cason, Allen, 220 ; George, 169; John, 221, 469, 846, 982. Castelyn, Edward, 4; John, 11. Castillon, Barbara, 923 ; John Baptist, 923. Castle, John, 862 ; Roger, 904. Castles in Spain, 971- Castles in the air, 575. Caswell, Richard, 210, 468, 770, 846. " Catalina, Madama," 173, 176, 177. Cater, or Catto, William, 220, 846. Cates' Die. of General Biography, 856, 938. Catesby, gunpowder conspirator, 817. Cathaia, or Cathay (China and East Tar- tars), 5, 21, 90," 924, 949. See China. Cathohe Church, 244, 266, 324, 375 ; men, 476; Catholics, 736, 1037, 1055. See Romanism. Cattle, sent to Virginia, 164. 176, 323, 3.32, 454, 4S1, 4S',), 491-493, .506, .520, 618, 627, 042, 047, 660, 762, 775, 797, 873, 900, 921, 1059 ; Cattle house in Vir- ginia, 492; cows, 130, 491, 520; kine, 461, 462, 474, 481, 482, 586, 642, 776. Caus, Solomon de (Huguenot), 102.5. Cavady, John, grocer, 225. Cavendish, Anne, 848 ; Master George, 16 ; !Mr. Henry, 847 ; Mary, Countess of Shrewsbury (see Talbot), 542, 846, 1030 ; Capt. Thomas, author, etc., 14, 18, 21, 671, 840, 843,844,846, 882, 890, 1046, Port.. 181 ; sister to Capt. Thomas, 882 ; Sir William, 846, 847 ; William, Lord, 542, 748, 755, 770. 846. 847, 944, 1(J30, Port., 201 ; Sir William, 549, 847, 848, 1016, 1069. Caxton, William, mercer, 858. Cazimir, John, " Duke of Bavier," 1002. Cecil, Lady Anne. 829 ; Anne, 1002, 1038 ; Dorothy, 813, 851 ; Sir Edward, author, etc., 210, 231, 384, 466, 474, 528, 529, 803, 848, 849, 851, 882, 901, 927, 1069, Port., 211; Elizabeth, 851; Frances, 851, 10;34; Mary. 851, 876; Richard, 851 ; Robert, Earl of Salisbury, vii, 90, 98, 111, 114, 115, 119, 122, 123, 143, 145, 148, 200, 207, 209, 278, 307, 320, 325, 326, 3.34, 356, 357, 400, 413, 444, 447, 448, 450, 4.54, 472, 476, 501-.508, 522, 527, 530-S532, 530, 539, 556, 569, 807, 820, 841, 849, auto., 850, 851, 852, 860, 862, 864, 869, 894, 902, 905, 931, 941, 948, 955, 968, 970, 977, 990, 10.54, 1067, Port., 221 ; Thomas, 851 ; Thom- as. Earl of Exeter, 206, 209, 231, 686, 813, 84^, 850, 851. 874, 876, 882, 1018, 1034, Port., 231 ; William, Lord Roos, 851, 936, 938, 970; William, Lord Cranborne, 179. 388, 542, 849, 851, 1009; Capt. William, 16, 851, 882; William, Lord Burghley. author, etc., 4^7, 9, 21, 819, 849, 850, 851, 859, 883, 936, 1002, 10;38, Port., 241. Cedar (wood), 87, 107, 157, 162, 164, 166, 423, .587, 754. Ceely (see Seely), Christopher, 998 ; Capt. Thomas, 998. Cellini, Italian sculptor, etc., 909. Cervantes, Spanish author, 926, 938. Chaderton, or Chatterton, Elizabeth, 852 ; Rev. Dr. Lawrence, a translator of the Bible, etc., 803, 852, 1050. Challeux (Huguenot), 5. Challons, Chalinge, Challoner, Chalonour, etc., Capt. Henry, 64, 95, 96, 98, 99, 101, 119, 122, 127, 131-134, 137, 148, 183, 758, 830. Chaloner, Sir Thomas, the elder, 852; Sir Thomas, author, etc., 93, 173, 210, 232, 657, 852, 1017, Port., 251. Chalmers, George, lOl ; Introduction, etc., 777 ; Political Annals of Virginia, 360. Chamberlain, The Lord. See Thomas Howard, Earl of Suffolk. Chamberlain. Chamberlaine, Chamber- layne, Abraham (Huguenot), 215, 388, 468, 574, 770, 852, 982; Elizabeth, 1023 ; George, 468, 547, 770, 852, 853, 948 ; Henry, 876 ; John, letter writer, etc., 104, 111, 179, 180, 205, 237, 509, 527, 532, 537, 540, .509, 570, 605, 610, 654, 665, 667, 686, 691, 696, 697, 789, 820, 833, 835, 848, 849, 853, a54, 863, 878, 888, 907, 914, 917, 930, 941, 944, 948, 955, 965, 970, 988, 991, 1012, 1014- 1016, 1023, 1028, 1030, 1037, 1042, 1043, 1066, 1067; Judith, 876; Dr. Peter (Huguenot), 852 ; Richard, the elder, 839, 8.53, 1023; Richard, 215, 468; Richard, .547 ; Richard (which ?), 594, 748, 770, 796, 853 ; Robert. 803, 853. Chambers, George, fishmonger, 281, 852. Chambers, the historian, 974. Champernon, Champernoune, etc.. Sir Arthur, 91>8; Elizabeth, 998; Gawen, 991 ; Katherine, 890, 898 ; Richard, 969 ; Ursula, 991. Champion, Richard, 217, 853. Champlaine, Samuel de, French explorer, etc., 27, 457, 459, 676, 720, 853. Champneys, Catherine, 994 ; Richard, 994. 1082 INDEX. Chanco, an Indian, 971. Chandler, George, 224, 853. Chandos, Lord. See Brydges. Chandose, Old Lady, 1002, 1045. Chanoyes, Shanois, 785, 853. Chanter's Literary History of Barnsta- ple, 17. Chapman, Edmond, 914; George, poet, 29-31, 594, 604, 853, 864, 1026, 1038 ; Jane, 814 ; Richard, 966. Charatza, Trazabigzanda, 785, 853. Charlemont's, Lord, Library, 420. Charles Eramannel I. of Savoy (1580- 1630), 829. 885, 977, 980. Charles I. of Spain, or Emperor Charles V. (1519-1556), 49, 074, 838, 839, 853, 953, 966. Charles, Prince. See Charles Stuart. Charles City, Va., 913, 933, 940, 962, 1005, 1011, 1025. Charles City County, Va., 1025, 1068. Charles Fort, Va., 490-492, 503, 583, 660, 751, 795. Charles Hundred, Va., 873, 933. Charles River, Mass., 1025. Charlestown, Mass., 483. Charters, or Letters Patents, for discov- ery, etc., 2, 3, 8, 9, 12-14, 20 ; first Virginia, v, vi, vii, 32, 46-63, 65, 88, 102, 113, 192, 207, 208, 229, 230, 234- 236, 407, 689-690, 731-733, 775, 779, 1026, 1055 ; second Virginia, or first special to the London Company of Vir- ginia, vii, viii, 199, 200, 20;5-237, 239, 261, etc., 272, 273, 309, 316, 332, 376- 381, 407, 623, 624, 689, 690, 731-733, 775, 779, 802, 1026 ; third Virginia, or second special to the London Company of Virginia, vii, viii, 538, 540-553, 599, 624, 625, 045, 689, 690, 731-733, 779, 796, 802, 1026 ; patent asked for by Lord ArundeU of Wardour, 198, 244; East India Compauv, 25, 310, 1026; New- foundland Company, 390, 391, 1026; North West Passage Company, 573, 574, 1026 ; Russia, or Muscovy Com- pany, 3, 609, 610, 1026 ; Irish Company, 611, 1026; Harcourt, or Guiana Com- pany, 657, 1026 ; Bermudas, or Somers Islands Company, 748, 755, 770, 771, 1026; preparing a new Charter, 993; Dutch Charters. 680, 745, 746 ; French Charters, 40. 534, 713, 717. See New England, and Petitions. Charts (see Maps), 151, 184^190, 324, 521, 83S. Chatfield, James, 216. Chatterton. See Chaderton. Chaucer, Geoffrey, poet, 8S1. Cheeke, or Cheke, Sir Hatton, 212, 853; Henry, 8."'>3 ; Sir John, 8.50, 851, 8.53; Mary, 850, 851 ; Peter, 850 ; Sir Thom- as, 797, 853, 979, 980, 982. Chemesford (Chelmsford), 114. Cheney, John, 814, Chening, Robert, yeoman, 228. Cherry, Elizabeth, 854 ; Frances, 854, 948; Sir Francis (Huguenot), 26, 853, 854, 948; Margaret, 854; Rebecca, 854. Cherry Island, 26, 76, 609, 859, 883, 988, 1013. Chesapeake Bay, 18, 19, 26, 27, 81, 189, 458, 583, 651, 815, 947, 948, 957, 967, 971, 976, 10.58; Chesepian Bay, 896; Chesapioc Bay, 156, 15S, 403; Chese- piock Bay, clviii ; Chessiopiock, 341, 567 ; " Bay of Virginia," 514, 515, 517, 519; "Our Bay," 489, 493, ,508, 641, 644, 1008; Axacan, or Xacan, 488, 515, 517, 518, 947 ; Saint Maries, or Santa Maria, 650. See the Maps. Chescheak, 58.5. Chester, Capt. , 830 ; Colonel , 319; William, 803, 854; Sir William, 4, 825, 854. Chicheley, Clement, 226, 854; Henry, archbishop, 1017 ; Sir Robert, 1017. Chichester, Capt. Arthur, 23, 854, 860, 901, 989. Chichester, Mayor, etc., of, 547. Child, Childe, Chiles, Alexander, 548, 854 ; Alexander, 220, 854 ; Capt. Alex- ander, 854. Chili, 573, 670, 671 : — Angol, Coquirabo, Isle of Santa Maria, La Imperial, Pen- co, Sant Jago, Villa del lago, Villarica, 670, 671. China, 13, 27, 89, 90, 102, 146, 272, 573, 574, 859, 918, 949 ; dishes, 1013 ; Chi- nese, 396, 873. See Cathay. Chippenham, 384. Chiswiek Press, 483. Choapoke, an Indian, 585. Christ, 276, 284, 286 ; Christendom, 264, 276, 315 ; Christian Conmionwealth, 775 ; Christianity, 673 ; Christian mind, 744 ; Christian plantation, 51, 290, 614, 615, 630, 762, 797; Christian Reli- gion, 53, 67, 68, 74, 236, 237, 301, 339, 449, 626, 890, 985, 1027 ; Chris- tians, 507, 671, 793, 795. See Protest- antism. Christian IV. of Denmark (1588-1648), 39, 854, 915, 941, 965, 985, 986. Christiansen, Hendrick (Dutch), 816. Christina, Queen of Sweden (1633-1654), 98(5. Chronicles (Howes, Stow, etc.), 393, 461, 473, 474, 557, 508, 571, 748-756, 773. Chronological list, etc., 1-28. Chudley (or Chudleigh), Elizabeth, 897 ; George, 804, 854 ; John, 854 ; Sir Rich- ard, 897. Church, Thomas, draper, 223, 468, 770, 854. Church of England. See Protestantism. Chute, Sir George, 545, 854 ; Sir Walter, 467, 544, 628, 630, 854, 1069. Cinque ports, xvii, 1042, 1066. INDEX. 1083 Cipher, Letters in (see Deciphered Let- ters), 4. J, 88, Go 1,008. Circular letters, 252, 253, 685, 686, 688, TOO, 761. Ciriza, M. Juan de (Spaniard), 100, 101, 9U0. Cities of England, TOO, 701. Citizens of London, 408, 409, 547, 548, 571. City Companies of London, xvii, 220, 227, 2.J0-254, 401), Oil, 084-080, 688,761; Records of, 254, 257, 258, 277-282, 291-293, 3U2-;310, 387-390, 442, 557, 558, 500, 501, 590-592, 686-688, 690, 691, 757. See Companies, Merchants, Trades, etc. City Point, Va., 1005, 1025. ^ Claiborne, or Clayborne, William, 958, 979, 1004, 1058. Clanricard, Earl of. — Richard Bourke, or de Burgh. Clapboard, 107, 202, 317, 385, 425, 470, 789 ; clapboard men, 470. Clapham, f)23. Clapham, John, gent.. 222, 854. Clare. Earl of. — John Holies. Clarendon, Edward, Lord, 923. Clarke, Capt. , 213, 854; Capt. John, 14; Capt. John, pilot, 507, 516-523, 527, 533, 554, 003. 007, 022, 035, 0-52, 657-659, 663, 738, 854, 855, 888 ; Roger, 818. Classes of emigrants wanted, 248, 353, 355, 356, 439, 445, 469, 470, 549, 550, 799. Clauday, WiUiam, 221. Clayborne. See Claiborne. Claxton, Thomas, merchant-tailor, .305. Cleave, or Clive, Sir Christopher, 212, 855. Clemens, Jeremiah, 105. Clene, or Cline, Richard, goldsmith, 228. Clerke, Edward, Esq., 942; Margery, 997 ; Robert, stationer, 7S0, 781 ; Thomas, 997. Clerks of Virginia Companies, vii, viii, 72. Cletheroe, or Clitheroe, Sir Christopher, ironmonger, 220, 468, 770, 855, 1015, 1059 ; Henry, 855. Cleveland, Duke of, 1036. Clifford, Lady Anne, 855, 920, 988, 989 ; Francis, Earl of Cumberland, 1045 ; George, Earl of Cumberland, 18, 22, 24, 844, 855, 920, 937, 951, 970, 988, 989, 992, 104:3, 1061, Port., 261 ; Lord, 948; Lady Margaret, 1045; Sir Nich- olas, 882. See Russell-Clifford. Clifton, Sir Gervase, 979. Climate of Virginia, 175, 238, 265, 268, 289, 313, 351, 395, 455, 481, 482, 502, 507, 775,776,794; air, 113, 20.5, 502, 584 ; cold, 648 ; fall (see Harvest) ; frost, 175; harvest, 401, 493, 584,018; light- ning, 499 ; rain, 499, 584 ; snow, 175 ; spring, 584 ; storms, 150 ; summer, 584. 640; thunder, 499; tradewind, 32; wind, 330, 343, 429, 489 ; winter, 395, 481, 534, 584, 586. See Tempest. Clinton, Edward, Earl of Lincoln, 4, 855, 1002, 1045,1040; Elizabeth, 850 ; Lady Frances, 903 ; Henry, Earl of Lincoln, 147, 209, 855. Clitheroe. See Cletheroe. Clobery, Wilham, 1004. Clopton, Joyce, 843 ; William, 843. Cloth, 38, 115, 129, 152, 271, 272. See Gardiner's " History of England," vol. ii., pp. 385-390 ; and Drapers and Mer- chant Tailors, in this Index. Clothworkers' Company, of London, 226, 250, 277-279, 291, 812, 825, 827, 858, 893, 898, 915, 918, 922, 958, 961, 988, 991, 1021, 1023, 1020, 1043,1044,1053. Cobham, Ann, Lady, 833. Cobham, Lord. — Henry Brooke. Cockayne, Sir William, 574, 856. Cockington, 128. Cockin's, Mr. , 834. See Cokaine. Cocks, Coxe, Cocke, Cox, Richard grocer, 216, 387, 389, 5.58, 591, 856 ; Robert, grocer, 224, 257, 387, 388, 557, 590, 591, 087, 856. Codd, William, 990. Codfish, 317, 395, 433, 482, 641, 684, 1053. Codrington, Christopher, 850 ; Simon, the elder, 850 ; Simon, 774, 803, 856. Coitmore, Rowland, 228, 856 ; his widow and children, 856. Cokaine (see Cockayne), Thomas, 817. Coke, Sir Edward, author, etc., vii, 677, 818-820, 828, 851, 856, 802, 994, P(yrt., 491 ; Sec'y Sir John, 978 ; Capt. John, 213, 856. Coke, or Cooke, Sir William, 211, 856. " Colaque " (Coles ?), Edward, 744. Cole, Mr. , stationer, 293 ; Richard, fishmonger, 282 ; Thomas, 905 ; Thom- asine, 905 ; WUliam, merchant tailor, .305. Colepeper. See Culpeper. Coligny (Huguenot), 4, 5, 17. Collam, Philip, merchant-tailor, 304. College in Virginia, 823, 879, 890, 1005, 1031, 1058. CoUes, Mrs. Anne. 992. Collet, Hester, 819; .John, 890; Peter, 819; Stephen, fishmonger, 282. Collins (Arthur), Peerage, 847, 850, 910, 964. Collins, Constantine, 136; Henry, 218, 850 ; Richard, stationer, 292. CoUymore. See Cullimore. Coloma, Don Carlos (Spaniard), 900. Colonies, V, xiv, 1-3, 5, 7-28, 32, 37-40, 42, 44, 45, 64, 795, 972, 1009, 1010, 1013, 1020, 1041. See Bermudas, New England, Virginia, etc. Colston, Alice, 827 ; Ralphe, 827. 1084 INDEX. Colthnrst, Henry, grocer, 225, 856, 857 ; Thomas, 804, 857. Columbo (see Coloma), Spanish ambassar dor in England. Columbus, Christopher, discoverer, 26.3, 368, 566, 693, 838, 857, 957. Comber, Mr. , 442 ; his wife, 442. Comet, or " Blazing Starre," 152, 910. Comfort: Cape Comfort, 157, 229, 394, 401, 415, xlvi ; Comfort, 158, 207, 229, 414, 640-642, 644, 600 ; Point Comfort, 157, 207, 229, 335. 404, 407, 481, 489, 503, 505, 507, 515, 519, 855. See the Maps. Commerce. See Trade. " Commission for the better effecting, or carrying out, the ideas of the charters for planting English colonies in Vir- ginia," July 15, 1624 (p. 1027). For the commission, see Hazard's Hist. Collections, vol. i., pp. 183-188. For sketches of most of those named, see the Brief Biographies, pp. 811-1070. M. Abbott, A. Abdy, S. Argall, R. Bateman, R. Bell, M. Bond, N. Butler, J. Ctesar, G. Calvert, J. Campbell, A. Cartwright, P. Carey, A. Chichester, E. Conway, T. Coventrv, E. Diehfield, J. Dyke, T. Edmondes, R. Edwards, T. Fanshawe, R. Freeman, T. Gibbes, F. Gofton, F. Gorges, W. HackwiU, H. Hansford, (M. Hawes). R. Heath, B. Hicks, (P. Jemiayne), E and R. John- son, R. Killigrew, N. Leate, H. May, H. and J. Mildmay, G. Mole, C. and H. Montague, R. Morer, W. Paget, E. Pallavacine, W. Palmer, J. Pory, N. Rich, Thomas Smith, T. StiJes, J. Suck- ling, the elder, M. Suteliffe, R. Wes- ton, (Rev. F. White), G. Wilmer, J. Wolstenholme, S Wrote, and T. Wroth. N. B. The three names in ( ) are not found in this work ; they became mem- bers of the Va. Co. probably after 1616. Commission for tobacco. See under To- bacco. ■Commissioners for dividing the lands, 273, 274, 777, 778. 'Commissions, 85, 336, 343, 345, 350, 375- 384, 407, 417, 435, 490, 491, 557, 573, 709, 731, 773, 798, 801, 1055. Committees, Directors, or "Merchant Board" of the Va. Co., viii, 488, 490, 493, 494, 652, 6.59, 661. See Canning, Caswell, Darnelly, Diehfield, Gore, Keightley, Morer, W. Palmer, George Smith, Wheatley, and others. Commodities of Virginia, 39, 79, 89, 113, 205, 238, 322, 348, 349, 363, 384, 395, 396, 410, 425, 482, 493, 494, 502, 504- 506, 564, 587, 623, 655, 666, 691, 693, 783, 798, 800, 801, 1026; anniseed, 107; bayberries, 384; bay salt, 800; barrels, 520; beaver cods, and beaver skins, 385 ; Brazil wood, 146 ; cavearie, 386, 425, 783 ; ehechinkamyne oU. 385 ; chesnut oU, 3S5 ; cider, 237 ; cinnamon, 146, 155 ; cochineal, 146, 205, 271 : colors (dyes), 313 ; coral, 395 ; cord- age, 37, 340, 349, 564 ; cotton wool, 154 ; dealboards, 208, 425 ; deerskins, 199, 396, 520; drugs, 314, 317, 395, 800; dyes, 205, 239, 317, 349, 395; dye-wood, 265 ; flour, 800 ; furs, 25, 265, 317, 395, 425, 493, 769 ; ginger, 975; gums, 107, 108, 162, 317, 642; hay, 492 ; hides, 975 ; honey, 800 ; isin- glass, 386 ; kerned salt, 644 ; lignum vitae, 824 ; mace, 146 ; meal, 800 ; mid- ding tobacco, 772 ; muske, 585 ; oat- meal, 409, 800; oils, 313, 317, 385; otter skins, 385 ; peltry, 395 ; pine tim- ber, 564 ; planks, 265, 767 ; poccone, 385 ; potashes, 783 ; rosin, 37, 110, 265, 398 ; sable martin skins, 895 ; sarsapa- rilla, 385 ; shells, 1032 ; skins, 317, 585; sugarcane, 353; sweet oil, 317; train oil, 677, 769 ; turpentine, 265, 268, 385 ; venison, 86, 163, 425, 485, 486 ; vinegar, 268 ; vintage, 410 ; wain- scot, 205, 268, 425 ; walnut oil, 385 ; wildcat skins, .585 ; wild honey, 800 ; wool (none), 38, 271. See City Com- panies of London, Clapboards, Cloth, Duties for Trading, Fish, Flora, Masts, Minerals, Pitch, Roots, Salt, Sassafras, Ships, Silk, Soap-ashes, Tar, Timber, Tobacco, and Woods. Comock (see Camack), Capt. Thomas. 213, 857. Companies : Armourers, 227, 353, 470, 858, 887 ; Bakers, 248, 470, 799, 846 ; Barbers - Surgeons, 227, 858; Basket makers, 227, 470, 858 ; Bowyers, 227, 8.58 ; Bricklayers (see Tylers) ; Brown bakers, 227, 858 ; Butchers, 227, 8-58 ; Cooks, 227, 799, 858; Curriers, 227, 8.58 ; Cutlers, 226, 470, 823, 858, 931 ; Dyers, 226, 858 ; Elbing or Eastland, 859; EngHsh West India, 876, 986; Fletchers, 227, 858; Founders, 227, 858; Fruiterers, 227, 858; Girdlers, 227, 858 ; Glaziers, 203, 227, 858 ; Hud- son's Bay, 818 ; Imbroyderers, 227, 858 ; Innholders, 227, 858, 1023 ; Join- ers, 227, 353, 799, 858 ; Leather-sellers, 226, 858, 931 ; Masons, 203, 227, 470, 858 ; Merchant Adventurers, 859, 1026 ; Musicians, 227, 858 ; Paint-stainers, 227, 858 ; Pewterers, 22(5, 858 ; Plaisterers, 227, 858 ; Plumbers, 227, 858 ; Poul- terers, 227, 858 ; Sadlers, 227, 470, 858 ; Scriveners, 227, 858; Tallow Chan- dlers, 227, 846, 859, 930 ; Tylers and Bricklayers, 227,356,469,859; Uphol- sters, 227, 470, 859; Waxchandlers, 226, 859; Weavers, 227, 248, 859; White bakers, 226, 859 ; Woodmongers, 227, 859 ; Woolmen, 227, 859. See Af- rican or Guinea, Apothecaries, Berniu- INDEX. 1085 das, Blacksmiths, Brewers, Carpenters, Clothworkers, Coopers, Drapei-s, E;ust India, Fisbniong-ers, French, Gardiners, Goldsmiths, Grocere, Guiana, Guinea (see Africa), Haberdashei's, Iiish, Iron- mongers, Massachusetts, Mercers, Mer- chant Tailors, Muscovy or Russia, New England, Newfoundland, Northwest Passage, Russia or Muscovy, Salters, Shipwrights, Shoemakers, Skinners, Somers Islands or Bermudas, Stationers, Trinity House, Turkey or Levant, Turn- ers, Vintners, and Virginia, North and South. See, also. Emigrants, Mer- chants, City Companies of London, Trades, etc. Complaint in Chancery, 623-6.31. Complaint against the French, 757, 758. Complaints (of John Smith, of the French and Spaniards). 200-204, 676,670, 72."), 730, 733, 742, 757. See Capt. J. Smith, France, and Spain. Compton. Spencer, 860 ; William, 548, 860 ; William Lord, 200, 860, 1021, Conde, Prince of (Huguenot), 6, 845, 918. Congress, Library of, at Washington, D. C, X, 79, 242, 323, 360, 558, 600, 612, 874, 890, 934, 935, 1008, 1016, 1042, 1062, 1063. Coningsby, Conishie, Connyngshy, Cun- nyngsby, Elizabeth, 827 ; Sir Hum- phrey, 827 ; Humphrey, Esq., 860 ; Sir Thomas, 544, 860 ; Sir Thomas, .544, 629, 630. Connecticut, 906, 954. Connock, Richard, Esq., 546, 860, 1069. Conryo, or Conrv, Don Fray Florencio, Irish author, etc., 3 tO, 860. Constable, Sir John, N. Fid. Co., 390, 919. Constantino the Great, 2()1, 286. Constantinople (see Turkey), 970, 985, 9S6. Contractation House at Seville, 133-139, 926. Convers, John. 10.59. Conway, Sir Edward, 210, 232, 3S4, 447, 466, 843, 860, 861, 901, 914,1031, 1036, 1048 ; Sir Edward, 803, 861 ; Edwin, 892 ; Sir John, 860 ; Lady, 861 ; Mary, 1031, 1032; Capt. Thomas, Esq., 546, 861 ; Capt. Thomas, 213, 861 ; the Con- ways of Virginia, 087. Cooke, Anne, 810 ; Sir Anthony, 819, 848, 851; Edward, .548; James Her- bert, F. S. A., 1006; John, author, 750 ; Mildred, 849, 851 ; Robert, 135 ; Mr. , stationer, 293. See Coke. Cooper, Sir Anthony Ashley, 817 ; Chris- topher, 18, 20 ; Sir John, 817 ; John, 220, 861 ; Matthew, 228, 861 ; Richard, 221, 861 ; Sir Richard, 545, 862; Rob- ert, 220, 862. Coopers for Virginia, 248, .353. 356, 439, 445, 470 ; Coopers' Company, 227, 8-58. Cope, Sir Anthony, the elder, 862 ; Sir Anthony, 89, 210, 851, 862; Edward, 862; Isabella, 862, 979; Lady, 112; Sir Walter, 66, 89, 92, 111, 113, 114, 173, 179, 205, 211, 232, 318, 320, 337, 384, 38S, 300, 465, 406, 477, 655, 656, 748, 882, 979. Cope Castle, now Holland House, 179, 862, 970. Copland, Rev. Patrick, 973. Copper, 30, 31, 58, 105, 130, 160, 185, 268, 317, 340, 349, 363, 395, 481, 485, 486, 488, Ml ; coyne, 426 ; crown, 396 ; jewels, 153 ; mines, 185, 395, 1020 ; pieces, 178 ; vescsls, 396. Coppin, Sir George, 93, 211, 232, 427, 465, 46(), 862 ; Robert, 219, 862. Corbet, Rev. Richard, poet, 1025. Corbin, George, 996. Cordage, 37, 340, 349, 564 ; makers, 470. Cordell, Thomas, 469, 547, 862; Wil- liam, 862. Cording, James, merchant-tailor, 305. Cordoba, or Cordova, Don Luis de (Span- iard), 683, 862. Cordwayners. See Shoemakers. Corea, or Coray, 574, 949. Cook and OiTery, Earl of, 844, 890. Corn in Virginia, 83, 165, 168, 176, 202, 203, 289, 314, 403, 409, 425, 481, 482, 485-487, 490, 492, 493, 497, 498, 502, 504-50(), 587, 618, 640, 643, 644, 655, 762, 776, 797, 800, 873; fields, 160. See Maize, 158, 395, 521, 648, 660, 800. Cornelius, Father, 816. Cornelius, John. 217, 836, 862, 863. Corner, K., 115. Cornewallis, Cornwallis, Sir Charles, au- thor and diplomat, 98, 101, 863, 864, 1025 ; Frederick, 863 ; Lord, 863 ; Sir Thomas, 863 ; Thomas of Maryland, 863; Sir William, the elder (i73 ?), 176, 863, 874, 948; Sir William, the younger, poet (176?), 544, 628, 630, 863. Corney, Bolton, 323. Cornwall, 138. Corporate towns, or Corporations, 464, 542, 547. Coryate, or Coryatt, Rev. George, 863 ; Thomas, author, etc., 781, 782, 785, 863, 864, 866. 924, 1025. Cosa, or Coosa, Juan de la (Spaniard), 8.38. Cotes, Richard, 11)57. Cottington, Charles, Esq., 865 ; Sir Fran- cis, diplomat, 472, 509, 864, 865. Port.. 271 ; Philip, 864. Cotton, Alleine, 468, 770, 865 ; Edward, 304; Sir Robert, author, etc., 803, 804, 864, 8tS5, 899, 941, 949, 951, 970, Port, 281 ; Sir Rowland, 212, 865 ; Thomas, 865 ; William, 865 ; Mr. , station- er, 293. Cotton Manuscript, 730. Cough (Cuff ?), Mr. , 980. Councils : English Privy Council, — see 1086 INDEX. Privy Council. His Majesties Council for Virginia (34'' to 45° N. Lat.) — see under Virginia, the land of. His Maj- esties Council for the London Company of Virginia — see under Virginia, the London Company of. His Majesties Council for the New England — see under New England. The Council in the First Colony of Virginia — see under Virginia, the First, or Southern, Col- ony. The Council in the Second Colony of Virginia — see under New England, or North Virginia. See, also, Spanish Councils, and the States General of the United States of Holland, etc. Countesses, 542. Court and Society from Elizabeth to Anne, 1004. Courtenay, Courtnay, Edward, 903 ; Mar- garet, 919; Capt. William, 212; Sir William, 919. Courts of Va. Co., viii, ix, 549, 550. Covell, Francis, 215, 468, 865 ; Margery, 865 ; Thomas, 770, 865, 866, 982. Coventry, Elizabeth, 910 ; Sir Thomas, 467, 546, 828, 837, auto., 866, 910, 998, Port, 291. Covert, Sir Walter, .545, 866. Cowes, England, 403, 413, 474, 481. Cowper (see Cooper), Amynadab, 305 ; Edward, 1005. Cox. See Cocks. Coyse, Roger, Esq., 866; WiUiam, 215, 467, 866. Coyssard, Michael (French), 707. Cradock, Lieut. , 782. Craf ord, Edward, 919 ; Sir WiUiam, 919. Craig, Alexander, poet, 1026. Crakenthorpe, Rev. Richard, author, 255, 258, 866. Cranborne, Viscount. — Robert and WU- liam Cecil. Crane, Jane, 888 ; Martin, fishmonger, 281 ; Richard, 888. Cranfield, Sir Lionel, poet, etc., 496, 546, 770, 796, 844, 864, 866, 867, 875, 893, 942, 965, 994, 1063, 1069, Port, 301 ; Martha, 844 ; Martha, 1063 ; Thomas, 866 ; , 950. Cranmer, Anne, 912 ; George, 992 ; Rob- ert, 912 ; Archbishop Thomas, martyr, 637, 992 ; William, 833, 992. Crashaw, Ralegh, 218, auto., 867; Rich- ard, poet, 867 ; Rev. William, author, 214, .360-374, 4.56, 467, 497, 583, 597, Oil, 612, 617, 620, 621, 835, 867, 888, 1030 ; " William Crawshaw, an Indian, baptised," 1034. Craven, William, Earl of, 867 ; Sir Wil- liam, 467, 543, 827, 867, 1052. Creeks. See Rivers. Cresuelo, Father (Spaniard), 260. Creswell, Robert, 804, 867. Crew, Anthony, 216,867; Sir Randolph, 692, 694, 695, 867. Crichton (Creighton), Jesuit, 1039. Crisp, Ellis, 390, 867 ; Sir Nicholas, 867, 1004. Crito, Guillaume (French), 724. Croft, Sir Herbert, author, 93, 211, 867 ; Rev. Dr. Herbert, 868 ; Sir James, 867, 868. Croftes, Lieut. , 16, 868. Cromwell, Elizabeth, 868 ; Frances, 868 ; Frances, 981 ; Sir Heiury, 826, 868 ; Henrv, 220, 868; Henrv, Esq., 467, 546, 868 ; Joan, 826, 868 ; Sir Oliver, 93, 210, 232, 467, 803, 868, 869, 952 ; Oliver, the Protector, 813, 826, 865, 868, 869, 892, 981, 989, 998, 1053 ; Rob- ert, 868; Thomas, Earl of Essex, be- headed in 1540, 868; "The Crom- wells," 1017. Crosley, or Crosby, Stephen, fishmonger, 281; William, merchant - tailor, 216, 304, 869. Cross set up, 158, 164, 403, 536, 703, 718. Crosse, Capt. Robert, 16, 869. Crouch, Giles, 824, 929 ; Jane, 824, 929 ; Sarah 929. Crowe. John, gent., 467, 547, 869 ; Wil- liam, 804, 869. Cruxtone, Martha, 984. Cuba, 23, 128, 139, 198, 452, 510, 607, 647, 672, 947. Cullimore, Collimore, CoUvmore, Abra- ham, 804, 869 ; James, 804, 869 ; John, 869. Culpeper, Colepepper, Alexander of Wig- sell, 990, 997; Elizabeth, authoress, 869; Sir Edward, 545, 869; Frances, 963; John, Esq., 467, 546, 869, 982; John, gent., 218; Martin, 995; Mercy, 995 ; Thomas, Lord, 809 ; Sir Thomas, 1004; Thomas, of Wigsell, Esq., 218, 869 ; Thomas, merchant-tailor, 305 ; William, 869. Culverwell, Rev. Ezekiel, 1050 ; Judith, 1017, 1050; Nicholas, 1050; Richard, 1017; Rev. Samuel, 1050; Miss , 1050. Cumberland, Countesse of, 654 ; Earl of, 6.55. Cumberland, Countesse of. — Margaret Russell. Cumberland, Earl of. See George Clif- ford. Cunega. See Zuiiiga. Cunningsby. See Coningsby. Curiosities of American Literature, 596, 780. Current: Ocean Current, Gulf Stream, 32, 330, 34:^, 346, 354, 394, 432, 439, 456, 518, 709. Currv, Hon. J. L. M., LL. D., xvi, 43. Customs, 41, 234, 235, 307, 771, 801. Custis, Ann, 1065 ; John, 1065 ; John, 888 ; John Parke, 888 ; Mary, 888. Cutler, John, 869 ; Thomas, 869 ; Thomas. 225, 869. INDEX. 1087 Cntts, or Coutts. Sir John, the elder, 865 ; Sir John, 4tJ7, 54o ; Sir John, the younger, G'2S, G30, 865 ; Sir John (which ?), 803. Cypress (wood), 87, 157, 162, 164, 106, 587. Cyril-Lucar, the Patriarch of Constantino- ple (1572-1638), 986. Dabney, Dawbeney, Clement, 804, 869; Henry, 215, 869 ; Oliver, 2, 869. Dacre, Mary, 928 ; Thomas Lord, 928. See Lemiard. Dade, John, merchant-tailor, 304. Dale. Dorothy, 958; " Ladv Dale," 452, 801. 870-872, 998, 1031; Mary (Dale, or Date), reformer, 942 ; Mary, 984 ; Robert, 874 ; Roger, 874 ; Sir Thomas, governor of Virginia, etc , v, 445-449, 452-454, 461-103, 406, 474, 480, 481, 488, 489, 494, 497, 498, 501-508, 520, 526, 528, 529, 532, 533, (538), 544, 549, 569, 614, 639-641, 660, 680, 689, 710, 717, 720, 724, 730-732, 735-737, 741- 744, 747, 750, 751, 778, 782-7.^4, 7S9, 790, 797, 816, 828. 855, 861, 869-874, auto., 874, 888, 894, 906, 913, 917, 961, 904, 908, 973, 998, 1031, 1050, 1005 ; Sir Thomas' brother, 871 ; William, grocer, 387. SS\), 591, 686, 687, 874; William, of Bristol, 984. Dale's Gift, Va., 782. _ Dalton, Sir Thomas, 853. Danby, Henry, 215. Dandridge, Martha, 888. Daniel, Margaret, 953 ; Ralph, 953 ; Rich- ard, merchant-tailor, 305 ; Samuel, poet, etc., 912; ''the Daniels of Virginia," 987. Danvers, Davers, Anne, 982 ; Sir John, the elder, vS74; Sir John, 460, 790, 830, 874, 944, 982, 985, 1042, 1069, Port., 311. Dare. See Dayre. Darkest hour, the, 578, 638, 639, 775, 776. Darnley, Daniel, 469, 548, 874. Darnley, Lord, 930. Darrell, John, 1033; Sir Marmaduke, 467, 544,874; Mary, 1033; Mr. , 982. Dartmouth, England, 128, 205, 327, 358. Daston, Mrs. Anne, 992. Daunee, , 920. Dausey, Rowley, 804, 874. Davers. See Danvers. Davies, Davis, Davys, Capt. , 19.3, 197, 329 ; Master , 193, 329 ; Capt. James, 102, 141, 144, 145, 178, 179, 192, 197, 401, 404, 490, 491, 508, 517, 521, 576, 874, 1012; Capt. John, au- thor, etc., 12, 13, 139, 672, 825, 874, 875,929,9.34, 991, 1032 ('• Streights " named for him, 009) ; John, of Here- ford, poet and writing-master, 804 ; Sir John, poet and attorney-general for Ireland. 212, 875, 945 ; John, 222, !>04, 874; Robert, 1012; Master Robert, 102, 140, 141. 144, 192, 193,5.57, 1012; Sir Thomas, .*^75. See Dawes. Davi.son, Mr. Christopher, 1042 ; Secre- tary, .S!i5. Dawber, Edmund, 895, 896. Dawes, Abraham, gent., 225, 468, 770, 875 ; Lancelot, gent., 228, 374, 875. See Davies. Dawkes, Henry, 218, 875. Dawson, Edmund, 942 ; Frances, 942 ; Robert, merchant-tailor, 3iJ5 ; Thomas, stationer, 748 ; Mr. , stationer, 292. Day, Benjamin, fishmonger, 282 ; Mr. William, fishmonger, 281. Dayre, Dare, Ananias, 18-20; Elyoner, 19 ; Virginia, the fii-st Virginian, 19. Dean, Deaue, George, 875 ; Jane, 950; Gen Richard, 875 ; Sir Richard, 216, 875, 95J. Deane, Mr. Charles, LL.D., xvi, 114, 170, 181,182, 190-194, 238, 596, 780; his library, 181, 600, 740. De Bry, 1051. Deciphered Letters, etc, 45, 88, 97, 104, 110, 116, 118, 123, 140, 147, 172, 180, 196-198, 243, 254, 258, 310, 324, 332, 418, 442, 455, 525, 537, 554, 560, 572, 593, 631, 051, 057, 658, 663, 737, 759. Declarations, 427, 428, 761-768 ; Briefe, 49, 774-779; True and Sincere, 337- 353 ;^of March, 1614, 684, 685, 687, 690, 761-705 ; of Independence, 17. Decker, Dekker, Thomas, poet, 997, 1013. DeCosta, Rev. B. F., xvii, 141, 238. Deerowe, Docwra, Dickerie, Benjamin, 54^, 875. Dedications, 242, 279, 284, 295, 323, 374, 419, 530, 5.58, 576, 601, 612, 621, 657, 707, 746, 748, 781, 782. Dee, Dr. John, author, etc., 9, 10, 12, 13, 874, 875, 876, 879, 897, 908, 1041, Port., 321. Deer, 162-104, 265, 314, 395, 408, 585 ; skins, 199, 390, 520. See Venison. Delaun, Abraham, 870 ; Gideon (Hugue- not), 771,876; Judith, 870; Dr. Wil- liam, 876. De La Warr, Lord (1531), 1031 ; the present Earl, 496, 772, 1047 ; Lord (see Henry and Thomas West). De la Warr Bay, 327, 438,401, 641, 1048 ; River, 745, 877. See Ships. Delbridge, John, 548, 770, 803, auto., 876, 91)2. Demagogues, 271. Demetrius, the Pretender, acting Czar of Russia, June, 1605, to May, 1000, 1012. Denman, Richard, grocer, 557, 590, 687. Denmark, 26. 39, 203, 1024, 1027. See Christian IV., and Frederick II. Dennis, Anne, 876 ; Margaret, 870 ; Sir Thomas, 876 ; Sir Thomas, 210, 876. 1088 INDEX. Denny, Edward, Lord, 542, 851, 876, 918 ; Edmund, 1041 ; Honora, 918 ; Joyce, 1U41. Dent, John, 840. Denton, Alexander, Esq., 876 ; Sir Thomas, 466, 544, 802, 876. Deptford, 2, 32, 1014. Deputy-Treasurer of the Virginia Com- pany, viii, 233. See R. Johnson, J. and N. Ferrar ; recommended for, by James I. (p. 1027) : Abdy, Bateman, Leate, Offley, and Stiles. Dequester, Matthew, 220, 468, 876. Derby, Earl of, 944, 1038. Dernier, Master (Thomas), 770, 877, 1004. Dernley. See Daniel Darnley. Derricke (a Dutchman), 27. Derry, London Derry, Ireland, 325, 611. Descriptions of Virginia, 16, 45, 110, 169, 175, 189, 264, 265, 279, 289, 313, 314, 317, 562-.568, 576, .583-588, 597, 601, 648, 650-652, 775, 779, 781, 782, 790. Desmond, Earl of, 843, 976. De Thou, French historian, 970. De Vere, Prof. M. Scheie, LL. D., xvi, 43, 44, 475, 524, 733. De Vere. See Vere. D'Evereux, Dorothy, 965 ; Elizabeth, 1063; Penelope, 979, 1002, 1045, 1046; Robert, Earl of Essex, author, etc., 24, 25, 819, 820, 832, 834, 835, 843, 844, 850, 852, 856, 861, 869, 875, 877, 880, 882, 884, 894, 896-899, 902, 917, 921, 928, 932, 941, 944, 948, 951, 954, 955, 960, 961, 965, 968, 969, 972, 979, 991, 997, 1000, 1012, 1018, 1029, 1037. 1041, 1045, 1046, 1048, 1061, 1062; Robert (Jr.), Earl of Essex, 928, 948; Walter, Earl of Essex, 877, 881, 882, 1063. Devil, the, 153, 169, 366, 396, 499, 517, 578, 585, 612. Devils, the Land of, 681, 753. See Ber- mudas. Devonshire, Earl of. — William Caven- dish. Dewes, Gerald, 852. D'Ewes' Journal, 1011. Dewhurst, Capt. , 213. Dexter, Capt. (Ralph), 213, 877. Dichfield, Ditchfield, Edward, 220, 468, 770, 877, 982 ; Richard, 804, 877 ; Sara, 877. Dictionary of National Biography, 811, 889. Digby, a shipwright, 192, 197. Digby, Sir George, 877 ; Sir John, Earl of Bristol, diplomat, 212, 387, 509, 522, 524, 530, 536, 539, 556, 561, 577, 588, 590, 592, 593, 602, 606, 609, 632, 634- 636, 656-658, 660, 662, (567-669, 683, 697, 820, 849, 850, 8()4, 877, 878, 901, 951, 1023, 1068, Port., 331 ; Sir Kenelm, 1004 ; Lady, 697. Digges, Sir Dudley, author, diplomat, etc., 212, 232, 384, 388, 466, 540, 546, 558, 564, 574, 594, 748, 766, 767, 770, 803, 840, 878, 879, 880, 895, 960, 990, 991, 993, 1014, 1032, Port., 341 ; Ed- ward, 879 ; John, Esq., son of Sir Dud- ley, 546, 878, 879 ; Leonard, poet, 880 ; Margaret, 880, 960 ; Sir Maurice, 879 ; Thomas, author, etc., 21, 878, 879, 880, 960, 990 ; Thomas, son of Sir Dudley, 546, 878, 879. Digges, his Hundred in Virginia, 878, 933. Digges, his Hand in the North Sea, 878. Dighte, Mr. , stationer, 293. Dike. See Dyke. Dimmer. See Dernier. Dimmock, Humfrey, 20. Dinely, Eleanor, 884 ; Francis, 884. Dingley, John, 218, 880. Diplomacy, xii, 45, 46, 691. Directors of Virginia Company. See Com- mittees. Discouragements of the Virginia Com- pany, 363-367, 612, 615. Discourses, 8, 11, 152-168, 170-172, 293- 302, 540, 564, 579-588. Discoveries, 1-28, 37, 39, 79, 107, 110, 272, 307, 343, 344, 482, 609, 641, 644, 668, 669, 672, 693, 771, 775, 780, 839, 859, 860, 972. Diseases, etc., of Virginia: Agues, 412, 479 ; calenture, or yellow fever, 329, 334, 342, 345 ; contagion, 456 ; cramp, 479 ; deaths at Jamestown, 167, 168 ; diseases, 333; fevers, 167; fluxes, 167, 412, 479; gout, 479; infections, 489; mortality in Virginia, 648, 660, 662, 1016, 1064 ; pestilence, 405 ; plague, 36, 252, 329, 939; scurvy, 479, 1059; sicknesses of the country, 412, 617 ; smallpox, 179 ; sunstroke (Brooke's death by), 155 ; swellings, 167 ; yellow fever, 329, 334, 342, 345. See Climate, Doctors, etc. Distress and Miseries in Virginia, 166- 168, 3.30, 332, 333, 335, 344, 392, 404, 413, 417, 418, 427, 648, 657, 660, 1055 ; contentions, 331 ; defailment, 463 ; dis- asters, 337, 502, 776 ; discouragements, 36.3-367, 612, 615 ; factions, 344 ; fam- ine, 405; "farewell peale," 406; fire at Jamestown, 175-177 ; misdoers, 551 ; misgovernment, 617-619 ; mutinies, 152, 550 ; offences, 68 ; offenders, 70, 506 ; rumors, 354 ; three years' disaster, 776 ; unruly youths, 354. See Complaints, Diseases, Government in Virginia, Na- tives, Objections, Tempests. Dixon, Jean (French), 702. Dobson, Christopher, 10.53; Jane, 10-53; Robert, merchant-tailor, 304 ; William, Esq., 214, 467, 880. Doctors, etc., 212, 273, .309, 356, 412, 469, 542, 545, 546 ; chirurgeons, 469, 493 ; phy.sicians, 273, 356. 412, 469, 837; surgeons, 353, 356, 799 (see Barbers- INDEX. 1089 Surgeons' Company, 227, 858) ; Bathes, 153, 154, 48U, 4><:i) ; blood letting, 4T'.I ; lemon juice, 10511 ; lemons, 480 ; raedi- cinable earth, 042; milk, 481, lOo'J; oranges, 480; physic, 41l!, 47'.', 481, 642 ; physical plants, 587. See Ajjoth- ecaries, Diseases, etc. See Anthony, Atkins, Bohuu, Ciesar Adelmare, Cham- berlayne, Dee, Delaun, Dunn, Gerarde, Gulstone, Harley, Hiuton or Hunton, Hood, Kenton, Lodge, Maunsell, May- erne, Paulett, Poe, Potts, Turner, Win- ston, and WoodalL Documents, evidence, etc., v-xv, 43-45, 250, 251, 255. See Table of Contents, French, Holland, and Spanish Docu- ments, English State Papers, Records, Hakluyt MS., Letters, Prices, Sermons, Unique, etc. Documents, etc., not found, vi-xii,45, 85, 91, 90, 104, 106, 109, 114, 124, 140, 145, 151, 177-179, 183, 195-200, 240, 243, 246, 247, 320, 324, 326, 327, 333, 387, 393, 400, 402, 461, 471, 474, 495, 497, 509, 538, 539, 555, 556, 558, 571, 593, 602, 632, 634, 635, 639, 656-660, (684 ?), 689, 730, 780, 782, 861, 879. Dodd, Henry, 1030. Dodderidge, Sir John, author, etc., vii, 66, 89, 92, 390, 467, 543, 880. Dominica, 128-130, 152, 346, 489, 518. "Doiia Maria," 123. Donation of Alexander VI., 119, 261, 366, 669, ()T3-675, 838. See Bulls. Donne, George, 880 ; John, Jr., 922; Rev. John, poet, etc., 237, 833, 864, 880, 882, 1)12, 922, 953, 1026. Doomsday (Alexander's), 758. Dorchester, Viscount. — Dudley Carle- ton. Dorman, Thomas, Esq., xvii, 470. Dormer. See Dei'mer. Dorset. Countess of, 1038. Dorset, Earl of. — Edward, Richard, and Thomas Sackville. Dorset, 419. Dorsetshire, 325. Dover, Mayor of, 391, 547 ; town of, 277, 336, 391, 570, 706, 723, 724, 768, 769, 106(1. Dowghtie. John, N. Fid. Co., 391. Dowland, Robert, 1003. Downe, Downes, Anne, 853 ; Elizabeth, 946 ; John, merchant-tailor, 305, 548, 880, 1006 ; Margery, 853 ; Robert, 853 ; William, 946. Downs, The, 152, 336, 537, 680. Drake, Sir Bernard, 14, 880, 881, 10.50; Elizabeth, 881 ; Francis, 881, 981 ; Sir Francis, first English cireumnavigater, etc., 6, 9, 13, 16, 17, 19, 23, 32, 477, 672, (574, 675, 792, 794. 7!»5, 8;;2, 836, 851, 880, auto., 881, SS'.i, 8! 10, SI (It, 905, 912, 915, 916, 934, 936, 943, 944, 976, 977, 981, 988, 1046, 1051, 1056, Port., 351 ; George, 23, 881 ; Johanna, 880 ; John of Ashe, 880 ; John of Otterton, 880; John, Esq., .54(). 803, 881, 1051; Robert, 880 ; Capt. Thomas, 15, 881. Drake's Library, 420, 421, 477, 746. Draper, Edwai-d, 572 ; Sarah, 804, 881 ; Thomas, Esq., 218, 468, 881. Drapers' Company of London, 226, 250, 811, 824, 838,842,846, 8-54, 8.57, 865, 883, 888, 894, 975, 988, 1004, 1050, 1052. Drausfield, Avery, grocer, 224, 468, 881. Drayner, Elizabeth, 869. Drayton, Michael, poet, 66, 864, 881, 912, Port., 361. Drew, John, Esq., 1005. Drewry. See Drury. Druerdent, Philip, 224, 882, Drummond, Mrs. , 889, 1067; Wil- liam, poet, 31, 1026. Drucy, Drewry, Diana, 849, 882 ; Sir Drew, 210, 882 ; Sir Drue, 997 ; Eliza- beth, 882 ; Fi-ances, 882 ; Sir Henrv, 8S2 ; Sir Robert, 210, 232, 849, 882, 997; WiUiam, 997; Sir WUliam, 850, 997 ; Sir William, 849. Dublin, Ireland, 420. Duckett, Mary, 955 ; Stephen, 955. Dudley, Ambrose, Earl of Warwick, 926, 1046 ; Anne, 9()8, 1029 ; Catherine, 1045, 104ti ; Earl, 929 ; John, Duke of Northumberland, 104() ; John, Earl of Northumberland, 1001 ; John, Esq., 968, 1029 ; Mary (Sidney), 1001 ; Rob- ert, Earl of Leicester, 4, 831, 832, 850, 860, 876, 882, 932. 944, 964, 999, 1001- 1003, 1023, 1040, 1045, 1046, ia55 ; Sir Robert, author, etc., 23, 882, 934, 969, Port., 371 ; Hon. Thomas, 968. Dugdale, W^, 869, 1061. Duke, Master Peter, 16. " Dumbirra " (George Hume, Earl of Dun- bar), 116. Dunbar, Earl of. — George Hume. Duncombe, Mr. , 694, 883. Dunn (see Donne), Sir Daniel, 211, 390, 883, 965 ; Robert, 883 ; William, 220, 883 ; William, 224. Duppa, Bishop (Brian), 883 ; James, brewer, 228, 883 ; Jeffery, 88:3 ; Jeffry, 217, 468, 883 ; Lueretia. "88;3. Durette, Durant, Philip (Huguenot), 219, 883. Dutch. See under United States of Hol- land and the Netherlands. Dut«h Gap, Va., 1025. Duties for trading to Virginia, 59, 60, 234, 235, 307, 550, l(i26. Dye, Roger, 469, .547, 883. Dver, Edward, poet, 16, 883; Edward, "Esq., 546. Dyes, 205, 239, 317, 349, 395 ; dye-wood, 265. Dyke, Dike, John, 883 ; John, fishmonger, 281, 770 ; John, fishmonger, 225, auto., 1090 INDEX. 883, 937, 982 ; Thomas, 883 ; Thomas, 883 ; Thomas, 468, 883. Dyot, Anthony, Esq., 467, 546, 883 ; Rich- ard, 803, 883. Earle, Sir Walter, 1069. Earnest, Count of Nassau, 848. East India, or East Indies, 22, 25, 81, 90, 91, 97, 98, 137, 139, 147, 205, 249, 311), 313, 327, 348, 397, 667, 693, 773, 811, 822, 827, 859, 860, 873, 956, 1023, 1026, 1032, 1039, 1043, 10-53, 1858 ; Land of Prester, John, 1044 ; Agra (Hindostan), 842, 985 ; calicoes, 735 ; Camboya, Cambaia, Cambay, 147, 949; cloves, 205 ; coffee, 884, 949 ; East India Sea, 83 ; East India School in Virginia, 973 ; Goa, 147 ; Hydaspes (Jhylum) River, 956 ; Malabar, 873 ; Malacca, Straits of, 875; Malagor (Malabar?), 147; Masulipatam, 873, 973 ; Mocha (in-Ara- bia), 949; Moluccas, 90, 99, 693,890; silk dresses (Chinese ?), 396 ; silks, 735 ; Surat, 842, 863, 918, 957, 973, 985 ; Taj Mahal, 985; tea, 1053; Ternate, 98. See Cathay, China, Corea, Japan, Java, Jehanghir (Great Mogul), Pacific Ocean ; and George Berkeley, Canning, Cavendish, Dale, Drake, Joseph, Lan- caster, Newport, Parker, Pring, Roe, and Benjamin Wood. East India Company of London, 25, 64, 77, 115, 147, 232, 237, 260, 310, 326, 388, 472, 473, 574, 610, 680, 735, 766, 767, 771, 773, 859, 860. Governors of : Sir Thomas Campbell, Sir C. Cletheroe, Sir John Hart, Sir William Romney, Sir Thomas Smith, and Sir John Watts ; Deputy Governors : Morris Abbot, Wil- liam Greenwell, and William Romney ; Solicitor : Robert Bateman ; Treasur- ers : Robert Chamberlain, T. Farring- ton, and William Harrison ; Surgeon : John Woodall ; members (see Brief Biographies, passim). East India Company Records, extracts from, 115, 237, 680, 773, 1054. Easterlings, 736. East Greenwich, 62, 779. See Greenwich. "East side of our Bay," 644; eastern shore of Virginia, 896, 904, 996. Easton (see Eston), Peter,- the pirate, 1050. Eastward Hoe ! 29-32. Eaton, Theophilus, 954. Ecija, the Spanish pilot of Florida, 326. Eden, Richard, author, 3, 839, 883, 1056. Edgar, Eleazar, stationer, 282, 283. Edge, Thomas, mariner, 471 ; Thomas, merchant-tailor, 305. Edgecombe, Piers, 21, 883; Sir Richard, the elder, 883 ; Sir Richard, 883. Edmondes, Edmonds, Clement, author, etc., 1060, 1061; Isabella, 884, 104S ; Thomas, 883 ; Sir Thomas, diplomat, etc., 509, 603, 622, 623, 662, 677, 734, 757, 883, 884, 1048, 1067 ; Mrs. , 1045. Edolph, Sir Robert, 545, 884, 997. Edward IV. of England, 1, 1054. Edward VI. of England. See Tudor. Edwards, Margaret, 846; Richard, 770, 846, auto., 884, 982 ; William, 884, 1014 ; Mr, , 884. Edwards' Life of Ralegh, 11, 21, 143, 443, 656, 899, 969, 1035. Egerton, Hon. Mary, 937; Sir Richard, 884 ; Thomas, 884 ; Sir Thomas, author, etc., vii, viii, 85, 120, 259, 623, 676, 679, 884, 906, 937, Port., 381. Egerton MS., 391. Egiock, Sir Francis, 545, 797, 834. Egmont, Earl of, 964. Eiatintomino (an Indian), 761., Port. ,161. Eld, G., stationer, 604, 1042, 1061. Eldred, John, merchant, etc., 66, 92, 215, 232, 388, 467, 574, 884, 885, 953, Port., 391 ; Rivett, 885 ; Walter, merchant- tailor, 304, 885, 924. Elfrith, Capt. Daniel, 734, 759, 885, 886, 980 ; his daughter, 886 ; his son, 886. Eliot, Elliot, Hugh, 2, 733 ; Elizabeth, 874 ; John, 197, 576 ; Sir John, the pa- triot, 822 ; Robert, fishmonger, 282 ; Thomas, 874 ; Sir Thomas, 954. Elizabeth, Princess (I486), 1. Elizabeth, Princess (died of grief 1650), 1038. Elizabeth, Princess. See Elizabeth Stu- art. Elizabeth, Queen. See Tudor. Elizabeth, Cape (N. E.), 1025; City, Va., 867, 887, 914, 934, 956, 1025, 1034, 1043, 1047 ; Islands (N. E.), 459 ; River (the Potomac), 1025. Elkin, John, merchant, 215, 886; Wil- liam, 983. Elkington, Ann, 996. EUesmere, Lord. — Thomas Egerton. Elliot. See Eliot. Ellis, Anne, 970 ; Griffyn, merchant-tail- or, 305 ; John, grocer, 225, 886 ; Rob- ert, 970. Elnof, Bartholomew, merchant-tailor, 304. Eloyse, Hanse (Dvitch), 136. " Eivas, a Portugall gent of," 279. Elways, Sir Gervase, 1040. Elwyn, Thomas, merchant-tailor, .305. Ely, Bishop of (L. Andrews), 970. Emigrants, or Planters (" Who go there in person," 272), 248, 249, 272, 273, 352, 353, 355, 356, 369, 370, 374, 410- 413, 439, 445, 456, 464, 469, 470, 506, .507, 549, 550, 775, 798-800, 805 ; the first taken to Virginia by the ships of Sir William Russell and of the Russia Company, 839, 859, 988; Scotch-Eng- lish, or Scotch-Irish, 860 ; apotheca- ries, 469, 799 ; architects, 248 ; armor- ers, 353, 470; artificers, 41, 439, 749; INDEX. 1091 sirtisans, 627, 715 ; arts, mechanic, 2m, oOl, ;W.J; bakers, 24S, 470, 7*.l'.>; basket-makers, 470 ; bellows-makers, 47U ; blacksmiths, 20;], :i4S, ;]."):], r)2U ; braziers in metal men, 470 ; brewera, 8.")3, ooC), 470; bricklayers, •i'>i}, 400; brick-makers, 248, 3J3, ;J.')(),4(J0 ; brick- men, 43i), 445 ; calkers, 4(J9 ; children, 249, 320 ; chirurgeons, 409, 493 ; clap- board men, 470 ; clerks, vii, viii, 72 ; coUar-makera, 470 ; collar-makers for draught, 3.')3 ; colliers, 3.>3 ; colliers for charcoal, 409 ; cordage-makers, 470 ; cutlers, 470 ; *diggers up of roots, 203 ; distillers of aqua vitae, 470 ; divers, 683 ; divines, 356, 690 ; doctors, 273, 356, 412, 469 ; draughtsmen, 780 ; drug- gists, 353 ; Dutch, lOli, 113, 583 ; edge- tool-makers, 470 ; edgetool-makers for iron works, 469 ; engineer's, ()82 ; fowl- ers, 353, 356, 470, 505, 799 ; furriers, 470; gardiners,. 353, 356, 445, 469, 799 ; *glassmen, 203 ; gunf ounders, 353, 356 ; gunmakers, 470 ; gunpowder- makers, 470 ; hammermen for iron, 469 ; hempdressers, 470 ; hempplanters, 470 ; house-cai-penters, 470 ; house- holders, 776; hunters, 248, 265, 505, 648; husbandmen, 41, 203, 445, 469, 627 ; iron-finers, 469 ; iron-founders, 469 ; iron men for f urnasse and hammer, 353, 356 ; iron miners, 469 ; joyners, 353, 799 ; laborers, 239, 469, mS, 693, 799 ; last-makers, 470 ; leather-dress- ers, 470 ; limeburners, 469 ; masons, 203, 470 ; mat-makers, 470 ; mechan- ics, 395 ; metal -founders, 271 ; metal- men, 248 ; millers, 470 ; millwrights for iron mills, 469 ; millwrights for water- mills, 470 ; mineralmen, 239, 353, 356, 470; ministers, 273, 353, 356, 469; net- makers, 470; officials, 272-274; *out- casts, 520 ; pearl-drillers, 353 ; people to exclude, 270, 271, 286, 302 ; people to send, 271, 301 ; *people who go, 456; physicians, 273, 356, 412, 409; pike-makers, 470 ; pitch-boylei"s, 353 ; planters, 272 ; planters of sugar cane, 353 ; ploughmen, 799 ; ploughwrights, 353, 356, 470 ; Poles, 203, 599 ; potters of earth, 470 ; preservers of the caveary, 353 ; press-makers, 353 ; rope-makei-s, 353 ; sadlers, 470 ; salt-makers, 353, 356, 470, 800, 801 ; saltpetremen, 470 ; sawyers, 248, 353, 356, 4(i9; servants, 550, 759, 805, 1034 ; settlers, 549, 550 ; ship-carpenters, 398, 469 ; shipwrights, 248, 271, 353, 355, 445. 460 ; shoemak- ers, 248, 445, 470 ; silk-dressers, 353 ; skilled workmen, 682 ; smiths, 355, 439, 445, 469, 799 ; soap-ashe-men, 353 ; sparmakers, 469; spinners of pack- thread, 470 ; spinners of wool, 2-18 ; stockmakers for pieces, 470 ; sturgeon- * These references are to critical sources. curers. 492 ; sturgeon-dressers, 344, 353, 355 ; surgeons, 353, 356, 799 ; survey- ors, 457-461, 777, 778, 780; swimmers, 683; swineherdes, 470; tailors. 470; tanners, 445, 470; tile-makere, 353, 470 ; turners, 248, 353, 356, 470 ; up- houlstere of feathers, 470 ; vine-dressers, 248, 353,356 ; vine-eroones, 410 ; water- men, 4()9 ; weavers, 248 ; wheelwrights, 470 ; wives, -143, 798 ; women, 248, 329, 775, 801 ; woodcutters, 469 ; young- est sons, 40 ; Cavaliers, 1649-1658, 990. See Adventurers, Carpenters, Coopers, Fishermen, Landowners, London City Companies, Men, Sailors, Virginia Com- pany, Workmen, etc. See, also, the names under Virgi7iia, the Southern Colony of. Emmet, Dr. Thomas Addis, xvii. Emmetenic, or Emetenic, 534, 536. Emry, , 1007. Encouragements, 363, 367, 368, 613, 615. England, xiv, 4, 7, 37, 43, 45, 46, 50, 137, 147, 166, 268, 288, 289, 302, 311, 354, 358, 387, 391 (400-1070, passim), see pp. 497, 534, 561, 573, 590, 601, 632, 640, 730, 736, 805,837,838, 1026, 1027 ; counties of, 40; western parts of, 51, 128. See Bristol, Dartmouth, Dept- f oi-d, Dover, Downes, Falmouth, Graves- end, Greenwich, Hampton, Ireland, London, Milford Haven, 0.\ford, Pem- broke, Plymouth, Portsmouth, Sand- wich, Scotland, Thames, Westminster, and other places, etc., mentioned in this Index and in the Brief Biographies, passim. England, The Church of. See Protestant- ism. England, the commerce, etc., of. See Trades. England, the government, etc., of. See State. English speaking people, v, xiv, xvii, xviii, 5, 98, 126, 128, 251, 276 ; passim. See pp. 4.54, 4r55, 463, 472, 515, 51(), 572, 607-609, 654, 793, 805, 838, 1027, 1037; Anglo-Saxon, 730,805. English colonies and colonization, 5, 1.5, 17, 32, 34, 42, 251, 255, 400, 839, 859, 860, 1026 (see Councils, State, Vir- ginia, New England, etc) ; commerce, discoveries, etc., 251, 255, 839, 857- 860, 102(). See Companies, Councils, Naval Affairs, Ships, Trades, etc English. R., 774. Ensworth. Henry, merchant-tailor, .^05. Ephesus, Queen of, 5(53. Epicede, An, 594, 595. Epistles Dedicatorie, 284-286, 295, 296, 611-(i20. Evbie. See Irby. Erisey, Erizo, Honor, 886 ; James, 886 ; •Capt. James, Ki, 886, 1034; Richard, 88(i. 1092 INDEX. Erley, Elizabeth, 814 ; Richard, 814, Erondelle (see Anindell), Peter (Hugue- not), translator, etc., o2'2, 548, 887. Errol, Earl of, 106ti. Escot, Lieut. , 16. Espeio, Antonio de (Spaniard), 977. Esquires in the Virginia Company, 210, 214, 218, 467, 542, 543, 546, 547, 571, 574. Essay (see Bacon), 667, 795, 799-802. Essex, England, 576 ; Essex, Va., 187. Essex, Earls of. See Devereux. Essington, John, 887 ; William, 804, 887, 982. Estmont, George, Esq., 1019. Eston.(see Eastou), Peter, the pirate, 926. Estwood, 576. Etheridge, George, gent., 221, 468, 770, 887 ; Joane, 929 ; John, 929. Etkins, Master Richard, stationer, 282, 29:3. Eton, 180, 205. Europe, xiv, 147, 276, 348, 463, 640, 646, 672, 994, 1023, 1027, 1032 ; Adriatick Sea, 674 ; Almains, 607 ; Austria, 814, 1027 ; Baltic Sea, 859 ; Belgium, 986 ; Bremen, 26 ; Brussels, 537 ; Caspian Sea, 83, 793, 956, 1038 ; Cape Fiuister, 32 ; Esciunent, 721 ; Euxine Sea, 83 ; Florence, 205, 271, 989; " Forraigne Nations," 38, 39; Genoa, 825, 977; Germany, 203, 314, 859, 1002, 1027, 1048 ; " Grecia," 1044 ; Hungary, 905, 1002 ; Larcin Islands, 721 ; Lepanto, 1024; Mediterranean Sea, 816, 859, 917, 942 ; Norway, 1050 ; Poland, 203, 268 (Poles in Virginia, 599) ; Prussia, 268 (Embden, 736, Mulheim, 978) ; Rat- isbon, 986; Spruceland, 1050; "Sweth- laud," 202; Turney (Tournay). 277; White Sea, 124, 839, 859, 1012. See Denmark, England, Flanders, France, Ireland, Italy, Rome, Russia, Savoy, Scotland, Spain, Turkey, United Neth- erlands, and Venice. Under London, see the following companies : Old Mer- chant Adventurers, Elbing, or East- land, Levant, or Turkey, and Muscovy, or Ru.ssia. Evans, Hugh, 215, 887; Richard, 216, 887 ; William, 215, 468, 887. Eveleigh, John, Esq., 994; Margaret, 994. Evelin, Evelyn, George, 887 ; George, 8SS; Jane, 914; Mrs. Joan, 441, 442; John, Esq., 546, 887, 914; John, gent., 547, 887 ; John, author, etc., SS7, !)01 ; Mountjoy, 888 ; Rebecca, 8SS ; Rich- ard, 441, 442, 887 ; Robert, ^ ; poul- try, 491, 571, 770; puUen, 4G1 ; silk- worms, 00:3, OSO, 1022; sow, 40S. See Cattle, Fowls, Goats, Hogs, and Horses. Fauna of Virginia, 5S() - 5S7 : adders, 401 ; animals with costly furs, 205 ; apes (?), 185 ; ausprech, 580 ; bears, 104 ; beasts, 104, 502, 585, 792, 800 ; beavers, 104, 385 ; bison, 042 ; black- birds, 101, 580 ; brant, 580 ; breeders, 493, 505; buffalo, 042; calves, 130, 481 ; conies, 153 ; cormorant, 580 : cranes, 175, 580 ; ducks (wild), 175, 58t) ; dyvere (ducks), 5S0 ; eagles, 586 ; fishing hawks. 580; foals (colts), 727 ; foxes, 104 ; black and red foxes, 585 ; game, 521, 048 ; geese (wild), 586 ; bares, 265 ; hawks, 5>>0 ; herons, 175, 580 ; hunting, 205, 50"), 048 ; lions, 360, 585 ; mallard ducks, 586 ; mon- kyes (?), 185 ; muscats, 164,585 ; musk- rats, 585; opossum ('■ possown "), 176, 585 ; otters, 164, 3S5 ; owl, 498 ; oxen (?), 642 ; parrots, 174, 175 ; partridges, 586 882 ; peacocks, 395 ; pigs (see Hogs), 170, 529, 083; rabbits, 205; raccoon (" Rakowns "), 585 ; sable-mar- tins, 395 ; sheldrakes, 586 ; silkworms, 205 ; snakes, 401 ; squirrels, 585 ; squir- rels that fly, 357, 586 ; swans, 175, 395, 586; tortoise, 155, 176, 423, drawing, CCCXLII. ; turkeys, 189, 586, 8(Jl) ; water fowle, 586; wildcats, 585 ; wolves, 585. See Birds, Dder, Fish. Fawcett, Facet, Edward, author, etc., 222, 468, 770, 889, 1009. Fawkes, Guy, 969. Felgate, Capt. Tobias, 889; William, 217, 468, 770, 889. Fellon, Sir Edward, 925 ; Elizabeth, 925. Femi. See Venn. Fenne, Robert, 854. Fenner, Rev. Dudley, 1050 ; Joan, 1050 ; John, 804, 889; Capt. Thomas (see Veunor), 16, 82-165, 245, 394 (see James- town) ; at Kiccowtan, 490 ; Saint George, 140, 146, 183, 190-194, 535, 9f;9. See Comfort. Fosbrooke, 1006. Foskir, John, 1045 (Sir John Foster ?). Fotherbie, Fotherby, Henry, ix, 822, 892 ; Robert, 822, 1014. Foundation, v, xiii-xv, 464, 465 ; founders or managers of the American enterprise, X, xiii-xv, 730,780, 787, 807, 808, 1016, 1017, 1049; "for which they were INDEX 1097 deemed Gods among their posterity," 1 276. !See the officers of the Virginia colonies and companies, and the mem- bers of His Majesties Councils. See, also, African, the Bermudas, East India, Guiana (S. A.), Ii-ish, Levant, Massa- chusetts, New England, Newfoundland, Northwest Passage, Plymouth, Russia, North and South Virginia, the Baha- mas, Caribbee and other West India companies and colonies, and the city companies of London. Fowke, Gerard, 9!M) ; Sir Henry, 9!X). Fowles, Fowls, S(), 1-53, lo."), !.")«, 101, 175, 2(5.5, 289, 314, 323, 39.5, 402, 423, 425, 502, 589, 900. See under Fauna sent to Virginia. Fowlers, 353, 350, 470, 505, 799. Fox, Rev. John, martvrologist, 819, 881, 892, 939. 1040; Luke (Northwest), au- thor, 833, 834, 892, 985, 1058 ; Thomas, 223, 892. Fox Hill, Va., 867. Foxall, Thomas, grocer, 469, 548, 590, 893. Frake. See Freake. France, 336, 387, 391, 398, 475, 534, 639, 662, 664, 665, 677, 689, 700, 729-734, 745 ; Amiens, Jesuit college at, 700, 706, 724 ; Beauvais, 712 ; Bordeaux, 1.33, 758 ; Bnrgundv, 27 ; Calais, or Gales, 588, 78 ; Biard's Relation, 709- 725 ; Biencourt's Complaint, 725-729 ; Complaints against the French, 757, 758. See, also, the Letters of the Eng- lish Ambassadors to France, Sir George Carew and Sir Thomas Edmonds ; and the references to the French Ambassa- dor in England, Mons. de Buisseaux. Francis I., King of France (1515-1547), 709. Francis, Albian, merchant-tailor, 305 ; Giles, gent., 222, 468,770, 892 ; Thomas, 804, 892. Fianke, Peter, Esq., 546, 892, Franklin, John, haberdasher, 223, 892; Ricliard, 548 ; Thomas, merchant-tai- lor, 303. Freake, Frake, Freke, Mr. D[octor], 974, 975 ; Bishop Edmund, 975 ; Rev. Hen- ry, the elder, -547 ; Rev. John, 975 ; Robert, 892 ; Sir Thomas, 94, 211, 466, 549, (52S, 03!), 892, 893 ; Rev. Thomas, the elder, 547. Frederick II., King of Denmark (1559- 1588), 1(J24. Freeman, Martin, fishmonger, 217, 280, 468, 893 ; Ralph, clothworker, 217, 468, 547, 574, 893, 9-53; Ualph, gent, author, etc., 390, 893 ; William, gent., 390, 893, 953 ; William, 893. Free trade, 269, 270, 550, 801, 824, 876, 1017. Freetraders, the Sandys Party, 1017, 1052. " Frenchman, a," 523. Fretchville, Sir Peter, 544, 893. Fretwell, Thomas, merchant-tailor, 304. Frisius, Gemma, 875. Frith, John, the martyr, 276 ; Richard, gent., 223, 893. Frobisher, Bernard, 893 ; Sir Martin, 8, 16, 21, 22, (572, 795, 813, 839, 840, 844, 851, 855, 875, 882, 8S9, 8;10, auto., 893, 897, 905, 916, 926, 929, 936, 939, 944, 1001, 1002, 1041, Port., 411 ; Peter, 893. Fronde's History of England, 7, 9, 868, 947, 998. Fruits of Virginia, etc., 130, 162-164, 265, 2(58, 314, 425, 455, 502, 520, 754, 776. 824, 900. See Grocers' Company, of London. Fruit trees, 323. Fry and Jefferson's Map of Virginia, 188. Fryer, Clement, 592 ; Capt. ,213. Fulford, Mary, 903 ; Thomas, 903. Fuller, Nicholas, 894 ; Nicholas, author, etc., 804, 820, 894. Fuller's (Rev. Dr. Thomas) Worthies, 694, 844, 865, 878, 880, 882, 891, 945. 1011, 1018, 1038, 1042. Fulwood, William (author ?), 18, 894. Furriers, 470; Furrs, 205, 317, 395, 425, 493, 7(59 ; fur trade, 25. See Skinners' Company of London. Fust, John, inventor of printing, 1048; Richard, Esq., 861, 1048. Fynes, Lady Frances, 856. Gale, George, 940 ; Ursula, 940. 1098 INDEX. Galileo, (Italian), 910. Gall, Edward, 223. Gallen, Ridgeway, Lord. — Thomas Ridgeway- Galthorpe, Anne, 930 ; Stephen, 167, 894, 1007. Galvano (Portuguese), 908. Gamage, Barbara, 1003 ; John, 1003 ; William, 20. Gambo, Don Juan de (Spaniard), 455. • Games, Amy, 969 ; Robert, 969. Gardens in Virginia, 249, 253, 491, 492. 800, 912, 1066; hearbs, 194; Gardi- ners, 353, 356, 445, 469, 799 ; Gardi- ners' Company, of London, 227, 858. Gardiner, Christopher, 913 ; John, 216, 894 ; Margaret, 913 ; Richard, 804, 894. Gardiner's History of England, 418, 556, 820, 850, 865, 9.56, 990, 1021. Gardner, Martha, 1023. Gargany. See Garraway. Garrard. See Gerrard. Garraway, Garaway, Garway, etc.. Sir Henrv, 894; WiUiam, Esq., 467, 770, 892, 894. Garrett (see Gerrard), Sir William, 839. Garset, Robert, 547, 894. Gascoigne, George, poet, etc., 897. Gataker, Rev. Thomas, 907. Gate (Gates?), Paul, 894; Peter, grocer, 225, 408, 894. Gates, Anthony, 895 ; Elizabeth, 895 ; Lady, 532, 894, 895 ; Lady and daugh- ters, 532, 895 ; Margaret, 895 ; Mary, 895 ; Thomas, 895 ; Sir Thomas, first governor of Virginia, etc., 16, 24, 46, 52, 54, .58-60, 63, 148, 192, 210, 232, 244, 255, 317, 318, 320, 321, 324, 328, 329, 331, 333, 334, 345, 354, 399, 401, 404-407, 409, 413, 414, 416-420, 422, 424, 440, 445, 448-451, 456, 462, 463, 465, 469, 473, 474, 479-481, 484, 490, 491, 494, 520, 528, 529, 5.32, 569, 595, 616, 617, 619, 620, 625, 626, 640. 641, 643, 652, 653, 660, 689, 691, 693, 717, 724, 741, 742, 749, 750, 752, 753, 812, 815, 835, 872, 873, 894, 895, auto., 896, 898, 936, 941, 964, 971, 975, 1055, 1063, 1065, 1069. Gaule, Rev. John, 923. Gazette Letters, 111, 845. See Letters. Gearing, Gering, etc., John, 216, 468, 771, 896. Gedge, James, 836 ; Mary, 836. Gee, Sir William, 545, 896. Genesis of the United States. See United States. Genesis, text from, v, 287 ; sermon on 12th chapter, 1st, 2d, and 3d verses, 287-291. Gent, Mr. , 113. Gentilis, Alberigo, Italian jurist, 1067- Gentlemen in the Virginia Company, .52, 53, 216-228, 264, 464, 467-469, 542, 547. Geography, Abbot's, 790-795. George I. of England, 960. George, William, 20. Georgia, 5, 947. Gering. See Gearing. Germany, 203, 314, 859, 1002, 1027, 104& Germany, Emperor of, 986. Germany, Princes of, 986. Gerrard, Garrard, Gerard, Garrett, etc., Anne, 825, 896 ; George, 829 ; George, 845, 896 ; George, Esq., 546, 803, 864, 896 ; G. , 1036 ; Isabella, 991 ; Sir John, 896, 991; John, 20, 896; Dr. John, botanist, 937, 10(56 ; Sidney, 10.55 ; Sir Thomas, 897 ; Thomas, 224 ; Sir Thomas, 544, 896; Sir William, 825 ; Sir William, 845 ; Sir William, 3, 4, 6, 839, 896, 1055. See Savile. Gersens, (Dutch), 451. Gibbons, Capt. William, 688, 837. Gibbs, Edmund, 896 ; Robert, fishmon- ger, 282 ; Thomas, 896 ; Thomas, Esq., 797, 896, 914 ; WUliam, merchant, 223, 982. GifFord, Philip, 390 ; Thomas, merchant- tailor, 304. Gilbert, Adrian, 5, 12, 13, 874, 875. 896, 898, 976; Bartholomew, 26, 110,' 141, 896, 897, 977 ; Sir Humphrey, author, etc., .5-7, 9, 10, 12, 13, 672, "818, 826, 875, 893, 896, 897, 808, 918, 963, 976, 1040, 1050, Port., 421 ; Joanna, 823 ; John, 823 ; John, 831 ; John, 5, 897, 898 ; John, 217, 898 ; Sir John, 24, 94, 179, 180, 193, 576, 897, 898, 977 ; Otes, or Otho, 5, 896, 897, 898 ; Ralegh, 47, 52, 55, 58-60, 63, 102, 191-193, 197, 576, 897, 898; "the Gilberts," 972. Giles, Sir Edward, 804, 898. Gilman, Capt. Richard, 16. Gipps, Thomas, 898. Gipps. See Gypes. Glanville, Francis, gent., 547. 898 ; Sir John, 898 : Sir John, Jr., 898 ; Rich- - ard, 218, 898. Glaseo, Philip, 128. Glascock, Charles, grocer, 590. Glass, 202, 239, 896, 914, 942, 1065; beads, 115, 153, 159, 486 ; men, 203. Glenham, Anne, 845 ; Sir Heni-y, 845. Gliddon, Pierce, 133. Gloucester, Duke of, 1038. Glover, George, engraver, 1059 ; Mary, 983; Sir William, 983; Rev. Mr. , 619, 898. Goats, 176, 461, 491, 520, 586, 776, 797, 80a, 873. Goche, or Googe, Dr. Barnaby. master of Magdiilene College, Cambridge, and son of Barnabe Googe, the poet, 1029. Goddard, Anthony, 6 ; Richard, 220, 898. Godfrey, Thomas, stationer, 859. Godolphin, Sir Francis, 898 ; Francis, 899; Penelope, 8!t9; Sidney, Earl of, 899 ; Sidney, the poet, 899 ; Thoniasin, INDEX. 1099 890 ; William, 809 ; Sir William, 210, 2:>2, 898, 899. Godwin, John, merchant-tailor, 304 ; Thomas, 222. GofF, John, merchant-tailor, 306. Gofton, Sir Francis, 1027. Gold, 30, 31, 58, 80, 105, 108, 113, 130, 1(50, 268, 280, 313, 357, 395, 456, 520, 521, 634,638, 647, 977,981, 1012, 1048; helt of Virginia, 583 ; creating power of the Sim, 507 ; mine, 201, 655. See Minerals, and Mountains. Goldsmiths' Company of London, 226, 250, 814, 857, SOL', 922, 931, 044, 1049, 1053. Gold. See Gould. Gondomar, Don Diego Sarmiento de Aeufia, Coimt de, Spanish ambassador, 636, 6")4, (556, ()58-(i60, 662, 6(53, (>65, 666, 675, 676, 680, 684, 737, 740, 743, 745, 759, 817, 8(55, 886, 899-901, 927, 941, 1037, 10(52, Port, 431. Gonson, Avise, 950 ; Aviso, or Katherine, 901, 91(5, 9.50; Benjamin, 4, 890,901, 916, 950; Thomazine, 800, 901. Goochland County, Va., 187. Good Newes from Virginia, 579-588, Oil, 613. Good speed to Virginia, 293-302. Goode, Dr. G. Brown, xvi. Goodere, Anne, 975 ; Sir Henry, 466, 543, 901, 974, 975, 1069. Goodwin, Elizabeth, 1023 ; Sir Francis, 467, 543, 901 ; Thomas, 1023 ; Rev. Dr. William, 1025. Googe, John, 224. See Goche. Gookin, Daniel, 855 ; Caj)t. John, 948, 1065. Gore, Gerrard, 901 ; John, 901 ; Ralphe, 804, 901 ; Robert, 548, 770, 901, 082 ; Thomas, 901 ; William, 901. Gorges, Sir Arthur, author, etc., 856,875 ; Bridget, 901; Edmund, 901 ; Edward, 901, 902; Sir Edward, 901; Edward, 14, 901 ; Edward, Lord, S04, 901, 902 ; Elizabeth, 901, 903; Elizabeth, 903; Ellen, 903 ; Sir Ferdinando, author, etc., 24, 27, 50, 51, 66, 02, 94-97, 99, 128, 138, 145, 148, 150, 191, 240, 75S, 780, 804, 817, 856, 876, 891, 901-903, 911, 961, 969, 972, 980, 982,1039, 1047, 1055 ; George, 903 ; Honora, 903 ; John, 903; John, 856; Richard, 2d Lord, 902 ; Robert, 903, 1047 ; Sir Thomas, 901-903,0(56, 10J6; Sir William, 001. Goring, Gen. George, 904; Sir George, 803, S04, 904, 1066 ; Capt. John, 15. Gosnold, Anthony, the elder, 904 ; An- thony, the younger, 22S, 904 ; Barthol- omew, 2(5, 48, 77, 82, 85, 108, 1(57, 281, 457, 459, 751, 7S0, 832, S34, 904, 988, 1062 ; Robert, 904, 940 ; Mr. , 904. Gospel, the, 2(56, 285, 288, 290, 291, 315, 339, 372, 374, 463, 499, 578, 588. Gotherson, Major Daniel, 892. Gouge, Thoma-q, gent., 467,547, 904, 982 ; Rev. Dr. Thomas. 1050 ; Rev. Dr. Wil- liam (" Master G."), author, etc., 730, 747, 904, 1050, Port, 441. Gould, Hugh, grocer, 387, 388, 557. Gouldesborough, Flower, 919. Goidston. See Gulstone. Gourges, Daniinic de (French), 81, 904, 047. Government, English. See State. Government in Virginia, 20(5, 233, 239, 342, 345, 463, 484. See Charters, Coun- cils, Governors, Laws, State, etc. Governors, or acting Governors, of Vir- ginia, 233, 234, 244, 273, 342, 375-384, 399, 775, 777, 778, 798. See Sir Sam- uel Argall, Sir Thomas Dale, Sir Thomas Gates, Capt. George Percy, Capt. Nathaniel Powell, Thomas West, Lord De La Warr, and Sir Geoi-ge Yeardley. Also Berkeley, Digges, Harvey, Matthews, Potts, J. and F. West, and Wyatt. Gower (see Gore), Thomas, gent., 167. Grandison, Lord, 901. Granger's Biographical History of Eng- land, 199, 924, 1040. Grant, Rev. Edward, D. D., 815 ; Sara, 815. Grantham, Sir Thomas, 466, 544, 803, 904. Granville. See Grenville. Grapes, 265, 314, 385, 395, 409, 410, 425, 455, 533. Graveborn, Harry, fishmonger, 282. Graves, Louis, and Servant (French), 758. Graves, John, author, 904 ; Thomas, 218, 904. Gravesend, England, 64, 102, 124, 174, 1033. Gray, or Grey, Charles, 904 ; " Lady Eliza- beth Graie," authoress, 542, 904, 1030; Henry, Earl of Kent, 1030; Henry, 819; Henry, 904; Henry Lord Grey, 829; Lady Jane, reformer, 819, 882, 991, 1001; Sir John, 829; John, 218, 904; Sir John, 4(56, 543, 904; Robert, merchant-tailor, 305 ; Robert, author, 293, 296, 904; Robert of High Wy- combe, 769 ; Thomas, Lord Grey of Wilton, 1062. Great Powhatan, 48-5-487, 505. Greene, Alice, 840 ; Christopher, 840 ; Laurence, grocer, 224, 4(i8, 590, 591, (i87, 904, 905 ; William, merchant-tai- lor, 304 ; Mr. , 962. Green's Calendar of State Papers, 760. Greenland, SO, 471, (509, 610, ()(;2, 6(56, ()77, (597, 811, 850, 893, 9(i8, 1013, 1060. Greenwell, Willi.am, 388, 468, 547, 574, 77(\796, 797, 905. Greenwich, England, 120,_ 2.30, 316, 589, 779. See East Greenwich. Greffier, The (Dutch), 450. Grenville, Granville, Greeneville, Greine- 1100 INDEX. ville, Greenville, etc., Amy, S80 ; Ber- nard, Esq., 94, 905: Sir Bevil, {MJ-o ; Dorothy, 802; Capt. Edward, 15, 905; George, Lord Lansdowne, !H).5 ; Rich- ard, 905 ; Richard, Esq. , 862 ; Sir Rich- ard, 8, 13, 14, 17-19, 21, 567, 890, 898, 905, 928, 972, 976, 977, 1041, Port., 451 ; Roger, 905 ; Sir Roger, 880. Grenville Collection, 774, 1051. Gresham. Elizabeth, 955 ; Sir John, 955 ; Sir Thomas, 1, 7, auto., 905, 924, 9.55. Greville, Sir Edward, 930 ; Sir Fulke, the elder, 905 ; Sir Fidke, author, etc., 15, 93, 901, 905,906, 941, 1002, 1045, 1046, Port., 461 ; Mary, 930; Robert, Lord Brooke, 886, 906. Grey. See Gray. Greynville. See Grenville. Grimsditch, Thomas, 978. Griswold, Mr., 478. Grobham, or Grubham, Jane, 906 ; Nich- olas, 906 ; Sir Richard, 466, 549, 770, 906, 1052. Grocers' Company of London — dealers in foreign fruits, sugars, spices, and other foreign commodities, 226, 250, 257, 258, ,387-390, 557, 558, 561, 590- 592, 686-688, 813, 825-827, 829-832, 836, 841, 846, 856, 857, 869, 874, 880, 881, 886, 889, 892, 894, 896, 904, 908, 909, 914, 923-925, 932, 935, 938, 939, 942, 949, 950, 954, 955, 962, 963, 965, 975, 991, 997, 1000, 1004, 1018, 1024, 1030, 1035, 1044, 1045, 1047-1049, 1051, 1053, 10.54. Grosart, Mr. , 373. Grosvenor, Joyce, 998 ; William, 998. Grotius, Hugo (Dutch), 959, 995, 1061. Gruter's (.Johann, 1560-1627) Inscrip- tions, 1040. ■Gryce, Nicholas, 218, 906. Guelp, house of, 960. Guercheville, Madame La Marquis de (French), 664, G65, 725, 732, 734, 815, 90(^ Guiana, South America, 23, 24, 27, 125, 143, 333, 348, .357, 358, 375, 454, 657, 752, 774, 819, 837, 852, 860, 910, 920, 921, 934, 9.35, 937, 953, 9.54, 958, 961, 967, 969, 972, 976, 977, 981, 984, 985, 990, 1007, 1020, 1026, 1035, 1039, 1049, 1052, 1053, 1057; Dollesquibe (Es- seqiiebo), 657, 852 ; Orinoco, 454, 937, 984 ; Wyapoco (Oyapok), 910, 984. Gtiilds of London. See. Guillandeau, P. (French), 729. See City Companies. Guinea. See Africa. Gulf of Darien, 670 ; of Mexico, 670, 881. Gulf Struam, 4.5(5. See Atlantic Ocean. Gulstone, Goulston, Dr. Theodore, author, 804, 826, 841, 906, 907, 963, 993. Gums, 107, 108, 162, 317, 642. Gunpowder Plot, 27, 42, 47, 64, 817, 845, 88'.), 910, 928, 961, 1032, 1040, 1067. Gunthorp, Mybs. merchant-tailor, 305. Gustavus Adolphus, of Sweden (1611- 1633), 948, 985. Guy, Charles, merchant-tailor, 334 ; John, 391, 907 ; PhiHp, 391. Gwinne, Gwynne, Dr. Matthew, author, 946 ; Capt. Owen (see Winne), 467, 546; Roger, grocer, 558, 590, 591, 687. Gylman, Oilman, Master , stationer. 292. Gypes, Thomas, clothworker, 225, 898. Haberdashers' Company of London, deal- ers in small wares, trinkets, knives, beads, etc., etc., 226, 250, 825, 831, 857, 883, 892, 909, 932, 960, 976, 987, 1004, 1030, 1037, 1044, 1052. Habington, Thomas, 961 ; William, poet, 961. Hackluit. See Hakluvt. Hackshawe, Thomas, 804, 907. Hackwell, Hakewill, Rev. Dr. George, author, 90S ; William, Esq., author, 467, 546, 864, 907, 908, 1061. Hague, the, 148, 440, 446-451, 526, 1056. Haiward, Havward, Heyward, Haward, Alice, 919 ;~Anne, 919 ; Catherine, 919, 997, 1020; Sir George, 212,907, 919; James, merchant, 223, 468, 907 ; Sir John, 467, 545, 770, 907, 919 ; Master John, author, 804. 907, Port., .521; Rev. John, 467, 770. 907 ; Mary, 919, 990 ; Robert, 304 ; Sir Roland, 6, 839, 907, 918. 919, 990, 997, 1012, 1020. Hakluyt, Hackluit. Edmond, 908 ; Mary, 1042'; Richard, Esq., 20, 869, 908 ; Rev. Richard, author, 1, 10, 11, 14, 15, 18, 19, 24, 27, 37, 46, 52, .54, 58-60, 62, 63, 81, 87, 127, 152, 163, 169, 197, 199, 206, 215, 279, 322, 328, 419, 429, 566, .567, 669, 752, 823, 829, 837, 845, 869, 889, auto., 908, 926, 930, 939, 970, 974, 975, 976, 998, 1002, 1009, 1031, 1041, 1042, 1046, 1061 ; Thomas, 1042. Hakluyt MS., 127-139, 152-168, 169, 197, 199, 328-332, 416, 417, 429-439, 640- 645, (669-675 ?). Hakluyt Society publications, 21, 86, 279, 327, 413, 416, 562, 566, 567. Hale, Rev. E. E., 110. Hales, Sir Matthew, 992. Hall, Daniel, 9SS ; Rev. Joseph, poet, etc., 882 ; Richard, ankersmith, .548 ; Richard, grocer, 387, 388, 548, 629, 6.30, 908 ; Robert, fishmonger, 281 ; WiUiam, gent., 547, 628, 6."l0 ; William, stationer, 47S ; , 822 ; Mr. , 115. Halliday, Ann, 950 ; Susanna, 950, 981 ; Aldeman William, 950, 9N1, 1015. Halliwell, James O., aiithor, 420. Hall worthy, Richard, 391. Halse, John, 919; Mary, 919. Haman (Hanham, or Hampton ?), Capt John, 1(5. INDEX. 1101 Hambler, Giles (Dutch), 861, 1047 ; Kath- erine (Dutch), SCI, 1047, 1048. Hamer, Hanior, Ralphe, the elder, mer- chant-tailor, 210, ;]()(), 408, 771, 908, 10o7 ; Capt. Ralphe, author, 200, 224, 417, 474, 730, 740, 740, 747, 708, 870, 908, 909, 943, 071, 078, 980, 988, 990, 10:54 ; Thomas, 908, 909; Thomas, merchant-tailor, .'5')."). Hamersley, Hugh, 220, 909. Hammond, or Hamond, Humphrey, mer- chant-tailor, oO 1 ; Susan, 950 ; Thomas, 217; AVilliara, 9.")0. Hampden, John, Esq., the patriot, 868, 081. Hampson, William, 221. Hampton, Capt. John, 0, 909 ; Thomas, 548, 909. Hampton Court, 117, 118, 123, 569 ; con- ference, 27, 852, 1026. Hanbury, John, merchant-tailor, 304, 306, 909. Hanby (Hanbury ?), Richard, 873. Hancock, William, 217, 909. Hanger, George, 804, 909. Hanhara, John, 909 ; Sir John, 466, 544, 909, 909 ; Thomas, 909, 969 ; Thomas, 47, 52, 55, 58-60, 63, 64, 96, 98, 99, 576, 909, 969 ; Sir William, 909. Hanover County, Virginia, 187. Hansford, Hanf ord. Col. , 909 ; Hum- phrey, 468, 547, 574, 909, 982 ; John, merchant-tailor, 220, 306, 909; Wil- liam, 909. Harbours, 81, 394, 519, 644, 660, 970. Harbrowe, Mr. , fishmonger, 282. Harcourt, Michael, 910; Robert, author, 657, 885, 909, 910 ; Sir Simon, 960 ; Sir Walter, 909. Hardie, M. , 2. Harding, Simon, 1012 ; Thomas, 20. Hardwick, Elizabeth, " Bess of Hard- wick," 846, 847, 1031); John, 846. Hare, John, Esq., 467, 546, 910; Sir Ralph, 910. Harfleet, Sir Thomas, 467, 545, 910. Harington. See Harrington. Hariot, Harriot, Thomas, author, etc., 14, 206, 324, 910, 911, 905, 977, 1009, 1051. Harleian MS., 308, 402. Harleian Society Publications. — Le Neve's Knights, Visitations, etc., 893, 901, 904, 914, 936, 954, 965, 986, 996, 1000, 1030, 1042, 1044. Harley, Harlie, Hawley, Harlow, Harloe, Edmund, 911; Edward, 102,192,470, 532, 576, 729, 911 ; Gabriel, 911 ; Capt, Henry, 911; Capt. Henry, 729, 911, 10()2 ; James, 91 1 ; James, 911 ; Jeremy, 911; Jerome, Oil; John, 911; John, 911; Peter, 217; Dr. Richard, 911; Robert, 804, 911 ; William, 911. Harper, Anne, 911, 012; John, 912; John, fi.shmonger, 215, 280, 911,912; Rich- ard, 548 ; Thomas, stationer, 923. Harrington, Harington, Edward, 167 ; P:iizabeth, 1001; Frances, 937; Sir James, 849, 915, 937, 1001,1066; Sir James, 912 ; John, Lord, 542, 847, 877, 912, 1001, Fort., 471 ; Sir John, 466, 543, 540, 748,755,864,912, 1001, 108, 167, 934 ; Gilnior S., 4.">2 ; John, 996 ; Miles, 9;J4 ; Mr. , 984. Keneridgeburg-, Richard, gent., 223, 984. Kennebeck River, 191, 460, 588, 535 ; Kinib^que, 533, 534 ; Sagadahoc, 14(), 191, 193-195, 428, 433, 460, 533, 567, 942. Kensington, 179, 654, 862, 979; Lord. See Henry Rich. Kent, 62, 180, 470, 772. Kent, Henry, 804, 934. Kent Island, 888, 1058. Kenton, Dr. Henry, 27. Kerrell, or Kerrill (see Carril), John, 468, 771 ; Richard, 216, 935. Kerry, , 1054. Keth, Keith, Rev. George, .557, 934. Ketley, Keightley, Thomas, 224, 842, 934. Kettell, Ellen, 905. Kettleby, John, gent, 228, 934; John, Esq., 546. Key, John, merchant tailor, 305. Keyle, Mr. , stationer, 292. Keymis, Capt Lawrence, author, 23, 934, 977. Kighley, Anne, 847 ; Henry, 847. Kiiligrew, Anne, 956 ; Dorothy, 998, 999 ; Elizabeth, 828, 984 ; Henry, author, 935; Sir Henry, 956, 999; Margaret, 898 ; Sir Robert, 828 ; Sir Robert, 93, 211, 282, 466, 934. 935, 944; Thomas, author, 985 ; Sir William, author, 985 ; Sir William, 823, 934. Killultagh, Viscount. — Edward Con- way. Kimbolton MS., 33, 94, 496, 549, 599, 645, 790, 796, 802, 824, 875, 952, 975, 978, 979, 982. Kine. See Cattle. King, Anne, l()8o; George, 1086 ; Bishop John, author, 610, 845, 935, 9()8, 1044; Capt. John, 467, 547, 935, 957 ; Ralph, 219, 469, 771, 935 ; Rufus, 707 ; Capt. William, 219; Capt. William, 888; Capt. William, 941 ; Capt. , 329, 935. Kingdon, Mr. J. A , xvii, 250, 562. Kingsley, Charles, 972. Kingsmill, Bridget, 902 ; Katherine, 960 ; Sir R., 902 ; William, Esq., 960. Kingston. See Kyngston. Kingston-upon-HuU, 85. Kinistone, Ellis, 168. Kinsale, 882, 84:3, 899. Kirby, .Jeffrey, grocer, 590; John, raer- ciiant-tailor, 8U4. Kirkam, Robert, 390 ; Walter, Esq , 546, 985. Kirke, Capt. David, 841, 946; George, 1004. Kirkhaven, Kirchhoven, etc., Charles H., 104!) ; John P., 1040. Kirrill. Sde Kerrell. Kirton, Josias, gent., 218. Kiskaick. S,;e Chescheak, 504. Knaresborough. See Keneridgeburg. Knatchbull, John, 997, 1011 ; Mary, 996. Knevet, Catherine, 844 ; Catherine, 927, 928, 978 ; Sir Henry, 844 ; Sir Hem-y, 927, 928, 978 ; Lord, 120. Knight, Ma.ster John, 64 ; Robert, fish- monger, 281 ; Mr. , stationer, 298; , Esq., 953. Knightley, Richard, 803, 935, 981; Thomas, Esq., 935 ; Sir Valentine, 466, ■54^3 935 Knights in the Va. Co., 52, 53, 210-212, 264, 809, 466, 467, 542-545, 571, 574, 803-805. Knolles, Richard, historian, 1007. KuoUys, Knolles, etc., Anne, 1045 ; Cath- erine, 1046 ; Jane, 1054 ; Joan, 1022 ; Sir Francis, 935, 1045, 104(), 1054; Capt. Francis, 16,935, 1045, 1046 ; Hen- ry, Esq., 960; Lettice, 960: Lettice, 8'77, 882, 1045, 104() ; Robert, 1046; Robert, 10.58; William, 1022; Wil- liam Lord, 542, 677, 679, 686, 928, 935, 1U45, 1046, Port, 621. Knowles, Thomas, 221. Knowle- Park, 772. Knox, Rev. John, reformer, 9.39. " Kocoum, a captain called," 967. Kymages, 829, 880. Kyngston, Kingston, Felix, stationer, 279, 298, 294, 559, 609, 612, 684, 765. Kynnersley, Henry, merchant-tailor, 304. Laconia, 903. Lad, Thomas, 894. Ladies in the Va. Co., 467, 542. Lafuente, Fray Diego de (Spaniard), 816, 886, 900. Laguna, Marquis de la (Spaniard), 622. Lake, Sir Arthur, 979; John, 518; Sir Thomas, 635, 851, 871-873, 899, 935, 936, 1058. Lakes, 81, 88; Salt Lake, 793. Lambert, Sir Oliver, 122. Lambeth Palace Library, xvii, 140, 141, 170, 171, 786, 823, 848. La Mothe F^nelon (French), diplomat, 916. Lancaster Countv, Va., 802. Lancaster, Sir James, 22, 23, .388, 574, 936 ; Judith, 1056 ; Roger, 1056. Land-marks, 780. Landowners, or first landed gentry of Virginia, 549, 550, 774, 777-779, 7!'8 (see Shareowners) ; shares of land in Virginia, 549, 5.50, 762, 774-779 ; lands to be granted in Virginia, 62, ()8, 68, 230, 253, 273, 274, 549, 550, 798 (see 1108 INDEX. shares in Virginia); "division of the country," 702, 775, 777-771), 798; pub- lic lands, 873. See Commissioners for dividing the lands. Land office of Virginia, 91. Land of Virginia, 15(3, 286, 315. See Virginia. Landman, Christopher, 468, 936 ; John, 804, mn Land's End, 461, 489. Lane, Henry, 908 ; Sir Ralph, 936 ; Capt. Ralph, 14, 15, 19, 793, 794, 908, 936, 1002, 1041, 10."il ; William, merchant- tailor, 304 ; William, merchant-tailor of Paterno.ster Row, 305. Langam, Langham, Capt. George, 680, 936. Langiey, Jolin, fishmonger, 281 ; John, 809. Langton, Langston, Jane, 825 ; Thomas, 936 ; Thomas, 390, 936. Languet, Hubert (French), 1002. Lansdowne, Lord. See Grenville. Lansdowne MS. , 36, 37. Large, Robert, fishmonger, 282. Larkin, , 1057. La Saussaye. See Saussaye. Las Casas. See Casas. Latham, Peter, gent., 217, 936. Latin, documents in, 145, 146, 700-706. Latitude, 81. Laud, William, Archbishop of Canter- bury, 811, 846, 890, 921, 946, 985, 10.58. Laudonni^re (Huguenot), 4, 5, 908. " Laughing King " (Indian), 99(i. Laughton, Langton, etc., John, 391 ; Thomas, fishmonger, 21(5, 280. Laurence, Lawrence, Elizabeth, 893; John, 93(5 ; Matthew, 893 ; Sir Oliver, 893 ; William, 804, 936. Law, Mr. , stationer, 293 ; Matthew, stationer, 312, 1(J61. Laws, etc., of the Colony and Company of Virginia, 192, 321, 372, 377, 461, 528- 530, 771, 801 ; of nations, 39, 674, 675 ; martial, 23(5, 320, 801 ; pertaining to laws, or lawyers : Bernard's Inn, 27 ; candlemas term, 608 ; in capite, 779 ; in chancery, 623-(i31, 655; civil causes, 70; civil matters, 235 ; constitution, 91- 95; courts of the Va. Co., vii:-ix, 549, 550; depositions, 730; draconic code, 529 ; Gray's Inn, 678 ; Inns of Court, 604; judges, 55(J ; judgment, 69; ju- dicial proceedings, 70; jury, trial by, 69; law and vei-tue, 605; license, ■>2 ; Lincoln's Inn, ()04, 781 ; magistrates, 271, 301 ; Middle Temple, (i()4; of- fenses, 68; offenders, 70, 5(»(); pardon. 69; penalties, (il, (58 ; Persian laws, 261 ; recorders, vii ; socage-tenure, 77'.' ; suit-at-law, 550, ()l:3-63l ; tenure, 779; Teni])le, 37^). See Advice, Agreement, Articles, Burgesses, Charters, Councils, Evidence, Government, Instructions, Orders, Ordinances, Parliament, State, etc. See, also, the following lawyers : Archer, Atkinson, Bacon, Baker, Sir John Bennet, Robert Berkley, Bing, Bingiey, Sir John Bouchier, Christo- pher Brooke, Brooker, Bullock, Cae- sar, Canner, Sir George Carew, Carvil, Coke, Connock, Coppin, Coventry, Crew, Sir J. Davis, feir D. Digges, Doderidge, Draper, Dunn, A. and R. Dyot, Egerton, Evelin, Evvens, W. Fer- rar. Sirs H. and J. Finch, R. Freeman, Fuller, Gates, Gee, Gentilis, Sir H. Gil- bert, Hakewill, Thomas Hanham, Heale, Heath, E. Herbert, Heron, L. and N. Hide, Hobart, Hoskins, Irby, Thomas James, E Johnson, Sir Wil- liam Jones, John and Ricliard Martin, May, Montague, J. and J. More, C. Perkins, Percivall, E. and R. Phel- lipps. Sir W. Poole, Alexander and Sir John Popliam, Puckering, Sandys, Se- bright, Selden, Shelley, J. Smith of Nibley, Robert Stevens, Thomas Stile, Strachey, Sutton, Tanfield, Tate, Lew- is Tresham, Wale, Thomas Walker, Walter, Warre, David Waterhouse, John White, Williamson, WoUey, J. and T. Wroth. Lawson, Capt. Thomas, 417, 492, 937; Thomas, gent., 228; William, mercer, 21(5, 938. Layton, Sir Thomas, 844. Leake, Mr. , stationer, 292. Learned professions, xiv. See Doctors, Lawyers, and Ministers. Lease, Jane, 974 ; Thomas, 974 ; Vincent, 974. Leate, Leake, Huet, 937 ; Nicholas, 11, 388, 469, 548, 574, 766, 937, 982, Pcni., 631 ; Richard, 937. Leavat. See Lever. Lee, Lea, Leigh, Ley, Anne, 851 ; Charles, 24, 27, 937, 1007; Dr. Edward (1482- 1544), 1031 ; Sir Francis, 4(56, 543, 937 ; Sir Francis Henry, 989 ; Henry, 218, 937; Sir Henrv, 844, 8.55; Sir Henry, Jr., 982: Sir Henry, 1003; Hugh, 249, 509, 937 ; Sir James (Ley), 900, 102(5, 1027; Sir Oliffe, 27, 937; Richard, Esq , 546 ; Sir Robert, 545 ; Sir Robert, Lord Mavor, 851 ; Gen. Robert E., 825, 888; iSidney L., 811; Sir Thomas, Lord Mayor, 937. Leech, Mr. , 921. Leeds, Sir Thomas. 4(56, 544, 937. Lefroy's History of the S. I , 416. Lefroy's Memorials of the Bei-mudas, 41(5, .557, 7(!0, 774. Legate, John, gent., 467, 547, 937 ; Capt. John, 64, 101, 122, 138, 139, 1033; Thomas, 1033. Legh, Gerard, author, 1046. Leicester, 735, 737. INDEX. 1109 Leicester. Eails of. — Robert Dudley and | Robert Sidney. Leiyb (see Lee), Alice, 882 ; Francis, E;irl of Chicbester, itoT ; Jobn, Esq., DoT ; Sir Jobn, 'J2!); Sir Tiiomas. tl2'.» ; Sir Thomas, Baronet, 88- ; Sir Tbomas (i03!)-i()T7), !•;;•. Lembri. See Lymbry. Le Moine (see Moyne), Jacques (Hugue- not), 5, 101)1. Le Moine, of Dieppe (French), 712. Lemon, Sir Jobn, Lord Mayor, 94o. Lemos. Count (Spaniard), lOO, 101, 144, 937, 938. LeNeve"s, Knights, 965. Lennard. Lennad, Leonard, Capt. Greg- ory, 10(54 ; Henry Lord Dacre, 1004 ; Sir Samuel, 407, o-io, 938. Lenox, Duke of. — Ludovic Stuart. Lenox, Mr. James, 590, 780; Library, 181. 477, 000, 740. Leo, Jobn, '' a More," 970. Leppington, Lord. — Robert Carey. Lerma, Duke of (Spaniard), 196, 260, 509-511, 850, 938, 907. Lescarbot, Mark (Huguenot), author, 32:J. 725. Let, Richard, 221. Letters, to be sent away from Virginia only with the aj^proval of the governor, 398, 399 ; Indians not able to " conceive the force of wi-iting of letters," 791, 792 ; to or from. See A-ibbot, Acqua- viva. Archer, Argall, Arostegui, Bal- thazar, Barlee, Biard, Biondi, Carew, Carleton, Cecil, Challenge, Chamber- laine, "circular letters," ''cities," "companies," "corporations," "com- mittees," Connvallis, Cottington, Coun- cils of England. Spain, and the Vii^inia Colonies, Crasbaw, Customs Officers, Dale, Digby, " Dutchman," Edmondes, Evelyn, '" Excellent Lady," Gondomar, Gorges, Gough, Hawes, Heraidds, How- ard, Hughes, Lake, Lee, Lerma, Lord Mayors, Lorking, Louis XIH., Mat- thew, Middleton, Mocket, Molina, Monke, Montmorency, Moore, Moryson, Newport, Pedrasti-a, Pereda, Percy, Perkins, Philip IIL, Plymouth, Pop- ham, Pory, Puckering, RatclifPe, Ra- legh, Roe, Rolfe, Sanchez, Sandwich, Sandys, Saville, Smith, Smytbe, Som- ers, Stallenge, '' States General." Straeh- ey, Anne (Queen), Henry (Prince), and James (King), Stuart, Talbot, Tindall, Towns (pp. 7')0, 761), Treasurer, etc., of Virginia, Velasco, Warner, Weld, West (Lord De la Warr). Whitaker, Wil- son, Winwood, Wriothesley, and Zufiiga. Levant, 8.59, 1024 ; pirates, 917, 942,985. See Turkey. Lever, Leavat, Leverat, Heth, 8l?>; Thomas, 813; Thomas, 219, 468, 771, 938. Leverat, , 9.^. Leveson. Levison, Sir John, 467, 543, 938 ; Richard, 802, 938 ; Sir Richard, 951 ; Mr. , 388. Levett. Levette, Christopher, 938 ; John, merchant, 228, 938. Lewellin. Morris, 222, 938, 982. Lewin, William, 897. Lewis, Hon. E. P. C, x\-i ; Edward, grocer, 222, 938 ; Elizabeth, 1054 ; William, 391. Lewknor. See Lukin. Ley (see Lee), Sir James, 900, 1026, 1027. Libraries. See Archives of Simancas, Spain ; Ashmole's Museum, London ; S. L. M. Barlow, New York ; Marquis of Bath, England ; Bodleian, London ; J. Carson Brevoort, New York ; Biit- ish Museum, London ; Carter-Brown, Rhode Island ; Lord Charlemonts, Dub- lin ; Congress, Washington, D. C. ; Charles Deane, Mass. ; Drake, Eng- land ; Grenville collection, London ; Harvard, Mass. ; Hatfield, England ; Huth collection, London ; Lnperial. at Paris ; Jesuit archives, at Rome : Kalb- fleisch. New York ; Lambeth Palace, London ; Lenox, New York ; Duke of Manchester, London ; Massachusetts Hist. Society ; New York Hist. Society ; Society of Antiquaries, London ; Vir- ginia State Librarv. Lichfield. Nicholas, Esq., 546, 938, 949. Liddiott, George, merchant-tailor, 307. I.,igon (see Lygon), Cicely, 901, 902; William, 992. Lilly, Joseph, the astrologer, 951. Limits of the Spanish possessions in America, 669-075. Lincoln, Countess of, 1045. Lincoln, Earl of. — Henry Clinton. Lincoln, Grant, 981. Lindesev, Lindsev, Earl of, 962 ; Capt. Richard, 213, 938. Lisbon, Portugal, 19, 101, 137, 138, 249, 472, 511, 531, 589, 592, 606, 607, 609. Lisle, Viscount. — Robert Sidney. Lists of patrons, 209-228, 280-282, 292, 293, 303-;^07, 387-391, 465-469, 542- .549, 594, 770, 771, 796, 797. 802-805. Little Powhatan. See Taux-Powhatan. Littlefield, Edward, 219. Littleton. John, Esq., 992. Litton, Lvtton. Lord, 938 ; Sir Rowland, 93S; William, Esq., 546, 655, 938. Lizard, The. 141. Llovd, David, historian, 906, 1040 ; Capt. Edward, 213. Lloyd. See Floyd. Lobel, Matthew," botanist, 1066. Lock, Locke, Lok, Jobn, the philosopher, 939; Michael, author, 8, 897, 939; Michael, 840, Rose, reformer, 939; Sir William, 919, 939. Lodge, Francis, 804, 938; Luke, 223, 892, 938 ; Peter, 804, 938 ; Sir Thomas, 1110 INDEX. 4, 839, 939 ; Dr. Thomas, poet, 21, 939 ; Timothy, fishmonger, li81. Lodge's Life of Sir Julius Caesar, 813, 840 ; Illustrations of British History, 12, 321 ; Portraits, 84v, 849, 927, 928, 1063. London, vi, xiii, 11, 36, 45, 46, 51-54, 85, 88, 97, 102, 106, 110, 116, 118, 126, 141, 147, 152, 172, 175, 197, 208, 209, 240, 241, 250-254, 265, 279, 280, 283, 294, 296, 308, 312, 314-316, 329, 337, 338, 356, 357, 359, 360, 873, 383, 388, 391, 418-420, 439, 440, 445, 455, 469, 473, 474, 494-496, 523, 526, 528, 532, 537, 559, 560, 562, 571, 572, 576, 595, 601, 602, 610-612, 621, 631, 633, 635, 637, 638, 645, 656-659, 667, 675, 676, 678-680, 684-687, 697, 705, 722-725, 735, 737, 746-748, 756, 759, 761, 765- 767, 769, 771-774, 780-782, 784, 791, 811-1070, passim ; Archers of, 924 ; artillery, 831, 909; Bank of England, 910, 1031 ; Banquetting- House, 678 ; Bernard's Inn, -6 ; Billingsgate, 30 ; Blackfriars, 747 ; Blewe Anchor Tav- erne, 30 ; Booksellers (see Stationers), 495; " Britaines Burse," 595, 1054; Burbage's Company, 637 ; Burleigh House, 850 ; citizens of, 4()8, 469, 547, 548, 571 ; Cope Castle, 179, 862, 979 ; Durham House, 179 ; Exeter House, 206, 850 ; Fenchurch Street, 747 ; Fil- pot (see Philpot) Lane ; fire of 1666, ix, 2-50, 571 (see under Russia Company) ; Fleet Street, 791 ; Gate House, 610 ; Globe Theatre, 637 ; Gray's Inn. 678 ; Guilds (see Companies) ; Herald's Col- lege, 3il8, 3(19 ; Holland House (see Cope Castle) ; Inns of Court, r)t)4 ; Ken- sington, 179, 654, 862, 979 ; Lincoln's Inn, 604 ; Londoners, 769 ; London Derry, 611; Lyceum Theatre, 851; Mermaid Club, 945, 1061 ; Middle Tem- ple, 604 ; New Bourse, 179 ; Newgate, 767 ; Notes and Queries, Vtl6, 1027 ; Old Jewry, 57 1 ; Pageant, 667 ; Philpot Lane, 248, 439, 445, 465, 77 ; Temple, 373; Temple Bar, 604; Thames, 82, 251, 583; Tower, 358, 774; Trained B.and. 831, 937, 1012; Wellington Street, 851 ; White Chappel, 282, 283, 287 ; Wood Street counter, 1048. See British Museum, Companies, Hampton, Highgate, Libra- ries, London, Aldermen of, Lord May- ors, Lotteries, Merchants, Parliament, Paul's Church, or St. Paul's, Society of Antiquaries, Stationers' Hall, Virginia, Westminster, White Hall. London, aldermen of, 252, 253. See Ab- bot, Abdy, Allen, Barkham, Barnes, Bateman, Bolles, Bond, Campbell, Chester, Cletheroe, Cockayne, Cordell, Cotton, Craven, Deane, Freeman, Ger- rard. Gore, Hamersley, Hansford, Hay- don, Hayward, Heron, Hicks, Hodges, Humble, Johnson, Jones, Lodge, Mar- tin, Middleton, Mildniay, Norton, Parkhurst, Plumer, Pyott, Rainton, Romney, Rotherara, Slany, Smiths, Soame, Spencer, Staplers, Stile, Venn, Watts, Weld, Whitmore, and Wollas- ton. London in 1616, drawn by Visscher, frontispiece to vol. ii., showing the bridge with the traitors' heads, Burley House, various churches. Fishmongers' Hall, Guild Hall, Leaden Hall, St. Paul's, The Tower. White Hall, etc. ; Southwark, the Globe, the Swan, etc. ; and the Thames, with the earliest known rej)resentation of a royal pro- cession by water ; the notorious float- ing place of entertainment and resort for the gallants, alluded to by Ben Jonson, called the Galley Fuste ; ships, etc. Londonderry, Earl of. — Thomas Ridge- way. Long" Island, 707, 8S12. Longitude. 81. Longmans & Co., 416. Longston (see Langton), Thomas, grocer, 558, 591, 686. Lopez. Franciseus (Snaniard), 18. Lord Mayors of London, 99, 210, 250, 252-254, 257, 306, 324, 326, 667, 688, 690, 740, 773; Pageant. ()67. precepts, 254, 277, 324. See Abbott, Barkham, Barnes, Bolles, Campbell, Cletheroe, Cockayne, Cotton, Craven, Deane, Free- man, Garwaj". Gore. Hamersly. Jones, Lee, Lemon, Middleton, Paikhurst, Rainton, Rov.e, Soame, Venn, Watts, Weld and Whitmore. Lords. See Parliament, and Peers. Lorkin. Rev. Thomas, 637, 697, 734, 736, COO, 9iJ6, 939, 999, 1014. Lotteries for sustaining the colony of Virginia, 537, 538, 551-553, 555, 558, 560, 5(n, 568, 570-572, 575, 591, 592, 594, 608, 633, 634, ()61, 681, 684, 685, 687, 690,691, 760-765, 768, 769, 773, 852, 878, 940, 1005. Articles for the second Lottery, 571 ; blanks, 764, 765 ; " Booke called ye Lotterie," 571 ; "A booke or thiuge called the Publicacon of the Lottery for Virginia, ' ' 538, 555 ; books, broad- sides, etc., in behalf of, 538, 555, 558, 571, 608, 684, 761-766; crownes, 764, 765 ; differing of, 558 ; drawings of, 568, 570, 571, 773; letters in behalf of, 555, 685, 686, 688, 760, 761 ; lots, 769 ; IXDEX. 1111 posies. 705 ; prices, or prizes, 70-3-7<')-) ; salt-cellar, 5i*;)-5'.)"2 ; spoons, r)72, IM ; venturers in: city companies. 5()i), 5()1, 5i«>-5ii:i, f;.S7, (J'.HJ, 7'.ll ; churches, 571, 57- ; towns, 7')S, T'lii ; ministers, like Chaderton ; politicians, like Sir Dud- ley Digg-es ; officials, like Lukin ; law- yers and M. P.'s, like John Smith of Pi ibiG V etc etc* Louis XIII. of France (1610-1043), 004, 700, 707, 713, 723, 729, 732, 733, 757, sir>. 980. Louisiana, 1020. Love, Joane. 1057; John, 1057; Thomas. 34, 939, 042. Lovel, Lord, 004. Lovelace, Col. Francis, 040 ; Mabel, 80 >, 03 1, 040; Richard, poet, 040; Sir Richard, 545, 939. IO-'jI ; Capt. Wil- liam, 213, S()0, 939, 940; Sir Williain, 545, 708, 818, 939. Low, Lowe, George (see Law), stationer. 7S); Mary, 050; Vincent, 224; .Sir Thomas. !>.50. Low Countries. See United States of Hol- land and the Netherlands. Low Country Wars. 15, 17. See list of of officers under Protestantism. Lower. Thomas. Esq., 940 ; Sir William, 460, .544, 910. Lownes. Humphrey, stationer, 202, 781 ; Matthew, stationer, 270, 2Si) ; William, 203 ; Master , 781 ; Master War- den (1012), stationer, 538. Lucar, Cyprian, 1031; Emmanuel, 1031. Lucv, Lucv, 850; Sir Thomas ("Justice Shallow'"), 818, 850, 002, 990; Sir Thomas, 006. Ludwell, Lucy, &88 ; Philip, 805, 903; Thomas, 805. Lukin, Lewknor, Edward, 771, 940, 982 ; Sir Edward, 05(3 ; Edwin, gent, 223, 4«)8, 0S2 ; , 03, 237. Lulls, Arnold, 218, 940. Lumley. John. Lord. 925. Luiisford. Sir Thomas, 100.5, Lusher, Richard, lawyer, 840. Lygon. See Ligon. Lymbrye, Francis (an English spy in the ser\'ice of Spain), 5U7, 50t)-522, 050, ().53, 003, 702, 730, 741, 743, 782, &S8 ; Lembri. 510, 526; Maestro Antonio, 510, 524, 52.5. Lyme Regis, 302, .547. Lyson"s Environs of London, 909. Lyte, Dorothy, 817; John, 817. Lytton. See Litton. "Mr. D[oetor]. M." See Mocket. Mace. Capt. Samuel, 20, 077. Macham, Samuel, stationer, 241. Machell, John of London, 078 ; John of Virginia, 100."j ; Sarah, 1005, Machumps. 18.") ; Memchumps, 498. Macklyn, Robert, 20. Macock (see Maycott), Capt Samuel, 040, Maddison, Madison, Capt. Isaac, surveyor, 400, 401, 782, 033, 940; President James, 040 ; Mary, 033. Maddox, Thomas, .S04, 940; Rev. Mr. , " licensed to preach in all the world," S40. Madrid, Spain, 115, 120, 144, 183, 200, 3.S7. 309, 427, 451, 472, 470, 509, 522, 530, 533, 530, 537, 539, 553, 550, 560, 561, 577, 588, 592, .593, 606, 609, 610, 621, 631-636, 6.56-658, 662, 667, 668, (i07. Magazine of American Historv, 421, 589. Magellan, 7, 940, 1U35 ; Maguer, Francis (Irish), 940. Maguire, Hugh, Lord Fermanagh, 990. Maliomet III. (1.59.5-1003), 1000. Maine, 191, 070, 903, 1039, 1040; His- torical Society, 14. See Annapolis, Argall's Bay, Atlantic, Biddeford, Capes. Emetenic, Forts, Islands, Ken- nebec, Laconia, Mount Desert, New England. Penduis. Phipp.sburg, Port Royal, Rivers, Sabino, Sagadahoc, St. George, etc. Mainwaring. See Manwaring. Maise. See Corn. Mallet, Sir John. 04. 940, 009. Mallory, Sir John, 211, 940 ; Sir William, 940. Malouins Indians, 5.33 Maltbv, Christopher, 833 ; Jane, 833. Man, Mr Joseph, 079 ; Mr. , 982 ; Mr. , Junior. 982. See Mann. Managers. See Founders, and Virginia London Co. of, organization. Manakin (see Monacans), 187. Manchester, Duke of, 33; Records, 04, 490, 407, 790, 802, 952, 979. See Kim- bolton, MS. Manchester, Earl of. — Henry Montague. Mandeville, Viscount. — Henry Montague. Manedo, 114; manido, 50; mannido, 127. Mann, Mr. , the elder, stationer, 292. Mannering. See Manwaring. Manners, Gertrude, 103.) ; Thomas, Earl of Rutland, 1030. Mansell, Mansfield, Sir Edward, 941, 042 ; Sir Lewis, 1004 ; Sir Robert, author, etc., 93, 210, 232, 318, 384, 38S, 405, 466, 474, 574, 640, 748, 75.-J, 770, 803, 816, 837, 901, 917, 930, 941, 942, 94!, 957, 96(), 9S(), 9'>!2, 088, 1032; Sir Thomas, 40(1. .",43. 942, 1004, 1070. Manuel. See Maguel. Manwaring. Mainwaring, Mannering, Sir Arthur, 4(i7. 543, 028, (]30, 803. 870, 940; Capt. Arthur, 942; Sir Henry, author and pirate, 804. 940. 941, OcSO, io.:o. Manwood, Manliood, Anne. 014; Sir 1112 INDEX. Peter, 210, 232, 406,942; Sir Roger, author, 914, 942. Mapes, Francis, 217, 942. Maplesden, Richard, 219, 468, 771, 942. Maps and drawings, or draughts, l(j, 45, 151, 184-190, 203, 323, 324, 330, 4.37- 461, .521, 596, 597, 600, 670, 676, 718, 745, 751, 779, 780; draught of Vir- ginia, 151 ; draughtsmen, 780, 1051 ; drawing, 596 ; engineers, 682 ; engraved maps, 780, 1051; engraving, 596, 1051; landmarks, 780 ; legend, 459 ; original names, 780 ; plan of Fort St. George, 190-194; "a plan or map of all that he could discover," 457. See Charts, Surveyors, Surveys, etc Maps, charts, etc., makers of. See Archer, Argall, Borough, Cabots, Champlaine, Claiborne, Dudley, Va. Ferrar, Hood, Hudson, Hunt, James, Kendall, Madison, Menendez, Norwood, Powell, Pring, Ridgeway, Roe, Smith, Tyndall, White, Wright, etc Marble Rocke, 435. Marbury, Anne, 10.39. March. See Marsh. Mares. See Horses. Mada-Henrietta (French), 848. Mariners, 37, 38, 84, 251, 271, 493; Mir- rour, 817 ; maiitirae power of England, 268. See Naval Affairs and Ships. " Marius, Adrianus," 9J:3. Markham, Valentine See Bookkeeper. Markham's Fighting Veres, 17, 959, 1038. Marlborough, Duke of, 1017. Marler (Marlow ?), Walter, reformer, 942 ; Walter, 20, 825, 942, 943. Marnix. See Saint Aldegonde. Marriages, Prince Henry and Spain, 387 ; Princess Elizabeth and the Palgrave, ()22, l»23, 'J4(3; Mr. . ;iS2. Maveott (st'e Maeock), Sir Christopher, 2I2, 4(50, 54.1. 943. Maynard, Sir William, 544, 01)5, 946. Maverne, Marv, 82U ; Dr. Theodore de, 82!). Mayo, Rev. Charles Herbert, xvii ; Ed- ward (see May), " Mavor," ix, 452- 454. Mayott, Christopher, merchant - taUor, 305. Mays. See Mease. McMillan, Mr. H , 189. Mc Williams, Henry, 1022 ; Margaret, 1022. Mead, Meade, Francis, 877 ; Sir John, 903; Rev. Joseph, 821, 84-1, 1028; Mary, 01)3; Bishop William, of Vu- ginia, 82(5. Meadows, Mediist, Rev. Dr. James, 212, 946, 982. Mease, Mays, Rev. William, 782, 940. Meautis, Mewtis. Frances, 948 ; Hercules, 863; Jane, 8(53, 948; Thomas, 948; Capt. Thomas, 213, 943. Medici, Mary de. Queen of France, 66 1, 707, 757, Oi)(), auto., 946. Medina, Duke of (.Spaniard), 133, 134. Medina - Sidonia, Duke of (Spaniard), 675. Meetkerke. See Van Medkerke. Melendez. See Menendez. Melshawe, Mr. , 178. Memchumps Sea Machumps. Men sent to Virginia, etc., 443, 445, 451, 454, 474, 775, 778, 798. Menefie, George, 913. Menendez, Melendez (see Avil^s), Admi- ral Pedro (Spaniard). 81, 793, 943; 948, 961, 9(57, 978; Pedro, 948, 961; nephew to the admiral, 793, 94S. Mercator, Gerard (Flemish geographer), 875, 918, 1061. Mercers' Company of London, dealers in silks, etc , 226, '250, 277, 442, 569, 823, 825, 857, 8.58, 862, 866, 891, 915, 922, 938, 981, 1045, 1061. Merchant, Capt. John, 16. Merchants, 1, 3, 0, .52, 53, 214-228. 250, 251, 255. 264, 267, 269, 271, 289, 326, 418, 44i), 464, 468, 469, .542, 547, 548, 574, 611, (361, (569, 076, 680, 681, 722, 723, 724, 767, 801, 803-805, 1026. See Trades. Merchant-Tailors' Company of London, 104, 226, 250, .302-308, 690, 691. See Biographies, 829, 834, 857, 867, 885, 888, 891, 894, 901, 905, 908, 909, 913, 919, 924, 931-933, 946, 959, 961, 967, 971, 978, 983, 984, 1011, 1020, 1022, 1024, 1025, 1030, 1035, 10.55, 106J, 1(365. Mercoeur, Duke de, of Lorraine, 1(K)7. .Mercure Frantjoise, 142. 595, 596. Mercury, Duke. See Mercoeur. Meredith, Anne. 805; William, 391; Sir William, 3(55. Mern tt, Humfrey (Huguenot), 469, 548, 948 Merrick, Sir John, diplomat, etc.. 215, 388, 468, 770, 853, 854, 948 ; William, 948. Merry, Sir Thomas, 546, 948. Meteren, van, Dutch historian, 327, 338, 948. Meverell, Francis, 958. Mewtis. See Meautis. " Mexico in New Spain, southward of Nueva Galicia and Guiistecan," (5, 7, 27, (570, 793, 881, 91(5, 920, 930, 947, 971, 1(357; Campeche, 24, 001; Cape Gracias-a-Dios, 880 ; Central America (then included in Mexico), 934 ; Chiapa, 070; Colima, 070; Costaricas, 070; Da- rien, 07(3 ; Guatimala, 67(3 ; Gulf of Mexico, 670, 881 ; Honduras, (370, 901 : Honduras Bay, 24 ; M ichuacan, 07(3 ; Nicaragua, 670 ; Nonibre de Dios, 67(3, 075, 7.t2; Panama, 21, 22, 81, 070, (372, 977; Pannania (Panama?), 792; Porto Bello, or Puerto Bello, 25, 881, 934, 901; Sacatula, 670 ; (St. Barbe, 971) ; San Juan d'Ullua, 0; Soconuseo, 67<3 ; Vera Cruz, (5, 7, 5(38, 793, 947 ; Veragiia, 670 ; Yucatan, 24, 670. See Drake, Elfrith. Hawkins. Hortop, In- gram, Kendall. Mjnendez. Parker, Powhatan, Ralegh, Winwood. etc. Mey, Cornells Jacobsen (Dutch), 956. Michael (Romanoff), " Emperor of Mns- covie" (1(51:3-104')), 0(5(5, 948. Michelborne, Sir Edward, 27, 93, 210, 875, 948. 949 " Sir Miehell " . 112, 113. Middlesex, Countess of, 965. Middlesex, Earl of. — Lionel Cranfield. Middlesex, 496. Middle States, 1020. Middleton, Francis. 804; Sir Hugh, 949; John, Esq., 54(5, 938,949; Richard, 949; Robert, Esq., 219, 574, 949, 1061 ; Sir Thomas, grocer, 212. 387, S>^S, 4(56, 557, 591. (567, (386, 6SS, 690, 803, 932, 949 ; Timothy. 932. Midwinter Francis, 107- Mildmav, Sir Henrv (three of them), 804. 913, 949,950, 982, 101(5, 10.55; Sir Humfrey, 9-50; John, 950; Robert, grocer, 225. 4(59, (587, 950 ; Thomas. Esq., 407, 543, 950 ; Thomas, 050 ; Sir Thomas, 9.50; Walter, 950; William, 950 ; •' The Mildmavs," 892. Mllford Haven. 2(;, 721. 724. Miller, Meller, Alexander, merchant-tai- 1114 INDEX. lor, 804; James, 862; John, 548, 950; Sir Robert, 4(5(5, 544, 95U, 1070. Millet, William, grocer, 887, 889, 548, .5v»J, 591, 950. Mills, Capt. , 213. Mineral Kingdom : Mineral belt (Appala- chian), 10:^0; mineral men, 'z-ix), 858, 85(5, 470 ; rocks, 588. Minerals, 82, 142, 265, 314, 564, 583, 776. Mines, 239, 268, 269, 280, 395, 398, 425, 456, 482, 490, 505, ,520, 521, 583, 584, 684, mS, (542, 647, 648, 800, 950, lOOS. Mining privileges, 2;i>4 ; allum water, 642 ; antimony, 482, 584 ; Appalachian range, or system, 17, 584, lu20 ; bat- tery works, 408; brass, 110; cristal, 142, 368, 5U5, 583 ; " Diamants," 89.:) ; Ducktown copper mines, 1020; earth- medicinal, (54^:; gems, 814; lead, 284, 482 ; lime-bnrners, 469 ; machinery, 398 ; marble rock, 485 ; raetal-fovind- ers, 271 ; metalmen, 248 ; metals, 521 ; red allum, 642 ; red earth, (542 ; rabies, 314 ; salt-stones, 185 ; kfrnith's forge, 492; steel, 817, 340, 349, 408, 5«4; .stones, 208 ; terra sigillata, 584, 642 ; tin, 284 ; tools, 642, 643, 742 ; treas- ure, 395, 683, 792. See Brick, Copper, Glass, Gold, Iron, and Silver. See, also, Apothecaries, Goldsmiths, Iron- mongers, and other city companies of London. Ministers, clergy, divines, preachers, 209, 212, 215, 221, 222, 2.55, 258, 2.59, 273, 290, 291, 301, 353, 356, 443, 4(54, 467, 468, 469, 499, 542, 545, 547, 572, 683, 690 ; polemical divines, 1029. See Abbot, Andrews, Aylmer, Bancroft, Barlow, Bargrave, Beilby, Bernard, Boys, Bradford, Bradley, Bridges, Buck, Burley, Carleton, Carew, Carey (or Cary), Chaderton (or Chatterton), Copland, Corbet, Crakenthorpe, Cran- mer, Crashaw, Croft, Culverwell, Dawes, Delaim, Donne, Duppa, Fenner, Ferrar, Fox, Frake, Freake, Frith, Ful- ler, Gaul, Glover, Goche, Gouge, Grant, Haiward, Hakewill, Hakluyt, Hall, Herbert, Herriek, Hooker, Hooper, Horsmanden, Hughes, Hunt, Keith, King, Johnson, Jones, Jnxon, Knox, Laud, Lorkin, Maddox, Maicot, Mead, Meade, Matthew, Meadows, Mease, Mocket, Montague. Morton, Mountaine, Parry, Pask, Pawlett, Pedder, Peters, Poole, Price, Proctor, Purchas, Ravis, Ridley, Robinson, Sandys, Seymour, Sharpe, Shepard, Still, SutclifFe, Sv- monds. Usher, Warburton. Washing- ton, Whitaker, White. Whitgift, Wick- ham, Williams, Wilson, and Wolsey. See Objects, Protestantism, Sermons, etc. Mitch<;ll. Michell, Sir Bartholomew, 94, 950; Bartholomew, Esq., 1024; Ber- nard, 223, 1070; Isaac, 223; Mary, 1U24. Mockett, Master Doctor, author, 373, 730, 747, 864, 950. Mogul, the Great, of India, 985, 1014. Mole, Mr. , 982. Moles, Capt. Henrv, 804, 950. Molex, or Mutes, Philip, 804, 955. Molina, Diego de, Spanish spy in Vir- ginia, 507, 510-522, 524-526, 603, 622, u39, 645, 646, 652, 654, 657-660, 663, 675, 681, 691, 7(2, 730, 737-740, 743, 74.5, 759, 782, 9."0. Mollineux, Emmeric, 991. Molyneux, Sir Richard, 897. Momford. See Montford. Momford's Point, CLVIII. Mompesson, Sir Giles, 980. Moiiacans, Indians, 187, 202. '■ Monaghan," in Ireland, 1057. Montkton, Sir John B., xvii. Monger, James, gent., 219, 950. Monhegan Island, 25, 191, 460, 880. Monke. See Muncke. Monmouth, Earl of. — Robert Carey. Monocan, 1^-6. Monopolists (see Protectionists). 270, 464, 465. 1017, 1C84. Monsell. See Maunsell. Monson, Sir John, i51 ; Sir Thomas, au- thor, 210, 950, 951, 107(1; Sir William, author, etc., 24, 210,418,4.55, 456,899, 951, 1067. Montacute, Lady, 840. Montague, Sir Edward, 952 ; Sir Edward, 952, 1001 ; Edward, 694, 982 ; Edward Wortley, 1060 ; Sir Henry, author, etc., 66, 92, 211, 232, 689, 951, auto., 952, 1001, 10.54, Port, 651 ; Bishop James, translator, 2(9, 231, 606, 952, 1001, Port., 661 ; Lady Mary Wortley, au- thoress, 1000. Monteagle, Lord. — William Parker. Montford, Mountford, Momford, Thomas, Esq., 217, 954. Montgomery, E:irl of. — Philip Herbert. Montjoy, Lord, 898, 1018. Montmorencie, Henri de (French), 664, 665, 729, 952, 953 ; Henry, Duke of, 952. Monts, Sieur de (Huguenot), 40, 278, 322, 5.34, 719, 727. Monyngton, Richard, Esq., 546, 628, 630. Moody, Edward, merchant-tailor. 304. Moore, Nicholas, 804, 953 ; Capt. Thomas, 16, 329. Moore, More, Adrian, 468. 953 ; Andrew, 217; Anne. 833, 880, 958; Elizabeth, 919; Elizabeth, 9-54; Francis. 919; Sir George, Cm. 92, 173, 210, 859. 694, S08, 833, 880, 953 ; G. P., 452 ; John, Esq., 214, 440, 526, 808, 953 ; John, Esq , 214, 803, 953 ; John, 908 ; Alderman John, 1033; McCarthy (Irish), 897; Richard, stationer, 359 ; Richard, gov- INDEX. 1115 emor of the Bermudas, 557, 001, 082, 750, 953 ; Sir Thomas, author, etc., 2, ,31, 9:^0,953,954, 978; William, 218; Sir William, 953 ; Air. , 982 ; Mrs. , 1U33. Moore's Lalla Rookh, 985. Morales, Pedro (Spaniard), 17. Moray, Earl of. — James Stewart. Mordant, Lewis, Lord. 942 ; Mary, 942. Moreno, Licentiate Antonio (Spaniard), 648. Morer, Moorer, Richard, 3S7, 389, 548, 771. 954, 982; Robert, grocer, 257,557, .501, 59U, 591. Moreton (see Morton), Ralph, gent., 217, 954. Morgan, Anne, 1045, 1040; Sir Charles, 212, 954; Capt. Matthew. 10, 954, 1043; Sir Thomas, 1045, 1040; Wil- liam, 34 ; Mr. . 773. Morley, Edward, Lord, 920 ; Elizabeth, 998 ; James, 998. Morocco, King of, 1000. Morrall, Morrell, William, merchant-tai- lor, 305. Morris, Morrice, Edward, 107 ; Francis, 918; Thomas, 217, 954; "My brother Morris and his wifs," 412. Morrison, Moryson, Lstitia, 954 ; Sir Richard, 325, 934. Morton (see Moreton), Sir Albeit, 841 ; Ann, 954 ; Margaret, 825 ; Rev. Dr. Thomas, author, 259, 314, 954. Moryson. See Morrison. Moscoso, (Spaniard), 1020. Moscovie. Sse Muscovy. Mosely, Sir Edward, 773. Moses, Fra., 453, 454. Motley's United Netherlands, 929, 930, 1037. Motte, Sieur de la (French), 689, 710, 715, 710, 724. Mould (see Mole), Mr. , 982. Moulsoe, John, 217. Moulson, Thomas, grocer, 687. Mounsell. See Maunsell. Mounslie, Thomas, 107. Mountaine, Montaigne, Rev. Dr. George, 545, 954, Port., 071 ; James, 224. Mountains, gold showing, 108 ; high mountains and vast deserts, 457; min- erals in the, 504 ; gold in, 647 ; high hilLs, 5S4. Sae Appalachian System, Minerals, etc. Mount Desert Island, 400, 002, 064, 005, 815, 942; Mount Mansell, 942 ; Saint Sauveur, 699, 709. 71^, 723. Maunt Edgcumbe, Earl of, 883. Mountford. See Montford. Mouton (Morton ?), Thomas. 108.^ Movement, the, xiii, xiv, 252, 807- See American Enterprises, Virginia Colo- nies. Mowse, Arthur, fishmonger, 216, 280, 954 ; Richard, 954. Movaoncer, 189. Moyle, Maile, Thomas, gent., 221, 940. Moyne. See Le Moyne. Moyses. See Tzekely. Muguet, Louis (French), 707. Mulberries, 100, 314, 401, 754; Mulberry Island, Va., 407 ; seeds, 1022 ; trees, 1022 (white), 205; muleberries, 104. Mulgrave, Earl of. — Edmund Sheffield. Mun. Mr. , 9>2. Muncke. Monke, Jane, 955; Levinus, 114, 954, 955. Munds, Jarvis, 409, 548, 955. _ Munks. Lawrence, grocer, 225, 955. Munster, Sebastian (German), 883. Murfin, Myrfin, Alice, Hij^; Frances, 8(58 ; Sir Thomas, 808. Murry, Murray, Sir David, poet, 467, 544, 955 ; Earl of, 850 ; Sir James, 31, 955. Muscovv. See Russia. Mutton "(Mutam ?), , 901. Mylbourne, Robert, stationer, 1042. Mytens, Daniel, Dutch painter, 937. Nacottawtanke, 488. Namontack Indian, 172,_ 246, 396, 996. Nansemond Indians, 1034, 1043. Nansemund, 498, tj40. Nantaquans, Indian, 785. Napier, Alexander, 991 ; Sir Alexander, 991; Sir Archibald, 991; Christian, 888 ; John, Lord, 833, 1001 ; Sir Rob- ert, 680, 888, 955, 991 (see Sandv, 257, 387, 388, 557, 888, 955, 991) ; "John Napper," 852. Napoleon I., 387. Napper (see Napier), John, 852. Narrative and Critical History of Amer- ica (Winsor), 3, 25, 320, 947, 993. Narratives, 109, 127-139, 428-439, 746, 747. Nassau, Bahamas, 886. Native Inhabitants : Barbarians, 873 ; heathen, 463 ; Indians. 40, 50, 206, 275, 333, 339, 344, 392, 395, 401, 403, 405, 408, 419, 456, 457, 459, 484-488, 491, 492, 495, 498, 499, 504, 519-521, 523, 536, 565-567, 581-583, 585, 604, 605, 634, 638, 640-643, 647, 048, 738, 744, 740, 701, 785, 789, 791, 792, 904, 906, 983, 1020, 1031, 1034; infidels, 673, 890 ; inhabitants, 16, 17, 20, 27, 74, 84, 113, 279, 322, 398, 044, 873, 1051 ; nation, barbarous, 775; natives, 289, 349, 396-398, 777, 795 ; savages, or sal- vages, 90, 97, 114, 127-130, 137, 145, 152-154, 150-160, 108, 109, 174, 175, 189, 191, 202, 246, 247, 2()5-207, 271, 272, 298, 299, 323, 324, 333, 303, 366, 307, 401, 492, 493, 503, 532, 572, 581, 599, 600, 001, 664, 709, 710, 775, 801, 911; Virginian, 314; ambush, 483; Anak, 289, 1030; arrowheads, 1-53; baskets, 48(i ; bason for Powhatan, 178 ; beads, 115, 153, 159,486; bed forPow- 1116 INDEX. hatan, 178, 199; beUs, 174,396 ; bread, 164, 16'), 168, 485 ; eanibals, 153 ; cen- ser, 498 ; clothes for Powhatan, 178 ; coat, Powhatan's, 199 ; eowree shells, 199 ; crown for Powhatan, 178, 396 ; dance, 498, 499 ; dav's journey, 583, 584; decov, 4S3, 1007 ; deerskins, 199, 396, 520; "dictionary, 566, 567; edu- cated, to be, 789 ; Emperor of Virginia, 396, 397 ; ewer for Powhatan, 178 ; flute, 160 ; gingles, 801 ; glass beads (see beads) ; hatchets, 153, 162, 164, 485 ; hatchet of iron, 174 ; hostages, 641, 643; Indian saganio, 718; Indian "whoop, 487 ; jewels, 159 ; knives, 153, 174, 396 ; magic, 535 ; market, 396 ; marriage (see John Rolfe) ; " marrie not with Infidels,' ' 290 ; marry the savages, 572, 632 ; matts, 158, 160 ; mirrors, 396 ; money of the country, 199 ; morris dancers, 498 ; oration, 159; pipe (tobacco). 158; presents, 178; priest, 4y!S ; quiockosite, 498 ; rings, 178 ; savage towns, 162, 330 ; saws, 174 ; " spirit in the paper," 792 ; sun- worship, 166, 169, 605 ; tobacco pipe of peace, 161; traffique, 481, 486, 756; tribe, 762 ; tribute from, 873 ; trifles, 396, 801 ; truck, 567 ; trucking, 493 ; Virginian boy, who could write, 1005, 1031 ; Virginian priests, 604, 605 ; war, or peace, take your choice, the pipe or the bow, 161; weares, 403; " whoap ubband oulis," 487; witches, 499 ; yel- low-haired Virginian, 163. Looking backward ' these Savages had no par- ticidar propertie in any part or parcell of the countrey, but only a generall residence, as wild beasts have in the forest,' 2!'9. See Arrows, Bows, Ca- noes, Corn, Deer, Devil, Fish (nets, weares, etc.), Maise, Massacre, To- bacco, Werowance. See, also, Haber- dashers' Company of London, Names of Indians, and their towns. Index, /jassi»n. Naunton, Sir Robert, 940, 1065. Naval affairs. Navigation, etc., xiv, 1-28, 37, 139, 251, 268, 269, 562, 793, 1017, 1033; admiral, 781, 782 (see Argall, Hawkins, Newport, Smith, Somers, West) ; admiralty, high court of, 96, 610; astronomer's staff, 875; barges, 481, 4!>6, 641 ; bark, 720; barreekroes, 400; beacon, 793; boats, 398, 481, 497, 520, 640, (141, 644; bonnet sail. 4.35; cables, ■>98 ; ealkers, 469 ; carriek, 137 ; carvel (Spanish), 507-523, 646 ; Car- veils (English), 474; chain-pump, 916 ; compass, 83, 431-438, 521, 832 ; cornet, 432 ; course to sail to Virginia, 86 ; Deptford Dock, 2, 32, 1014; English Navy, xiv, saik)rs, 101, and ships, 139 ; flag, 251, 693, 711; fore course sail, 435 ; frigate, 642, 644 ; a galley, 520 ; gallions, or "galeones," 274, 472, 510, 512; globes, 875; log-book, 428-439; long boat, 407, 416, 485, 489, 1053; master of vessels, 259 (see master of Caravel) ; materials for shipping, .564 ; merchant fleets, 272 ; naval affairs prior to 1606, 1-28 ; office in Seething Lane, 1056 ; raids on Spanish commerce, 18 ; storehouse at Deptford, 2 ; orlage, 489; passage to Virginia, 82, 83, 343; planks, 265, 767; "quartred boat," 201; ropes, 398 ; rosin, 37, 110, 265, 398 ; sailors, 82, 101, 202, 204, 469, 627, 805 ; red cross of Saint George, 693, 71 1 ; salt fish, 268 ; scurvy, 479, 1059 ; sea fight, 830, 831 ; seaman's dictionary, 941 ; shallop, 157-159,507, 641 ; "shoot off a peece," 432, 434 ; .sloop, 510 ; spar- makers, 469; "three-decker," 966; variation of the compass, 431-438, 1014 ; vessels, 37, 197, 243, 247, 518, 520,521 ; vice-admiral, 493 ; watermen, 469 ; wliite flag, 128 ; " Wooden Wall " of England, 251 ; yards, 3-10. See Aviso, Captains, Commerce, Cordage, Currents, England, Fleet, London, Mariners, Masts, Pilots, Pinnaces, 1 i- racy. Pirates, Pitch, route to Virginia, Sailors, Shijis, Tar, Tempest, Timber, Trade, Trinity House, Voyages, etc. Neabsco Creek, 151. " Neck of Land," 913. Needham, Francis, 390. Needles, The, 403. Negroes, 785, 824, 885, 886, 968, 980, 981, 987, 1034. See Angelo, 987 ; Anthony, Isabell and William, 1034 ; Captains George Bargrave and Daniel Elfrith. Neill, Rev. Edward D., xvi ; his English Colonization of America, 284, 360 ; Va. Co. of London, 75, 79,86, 142, 360, 413, 440, 582, 604, 612, 689, 692, 1019; Va., Vetusta, 33, 36. 38, 255, 313, 402, 488, 498, 500, 573, 760, 964, 1049, 1054, 1067 ; Virginia, and Virginiola, 105, 106, 308, 421, 4(i2; Virginia Carolo- rum, 963 ; in Penn. Mag. of Hist, and Biog., 325. Nelson, Capt. Francis, 124, 178, 181, 184, 329, 341, 397, 501, 556, 878, 955, 1013 ; Matthew, merchant-tailor, 305 ; Thom- as, 955. Nelson's River, 955 ; Port Nelson, 955. Netherlands. See United States of Hol- land and the Netherlands. Nethermill, Isabel, 896 ; Jidius, 806. Nethersole, Francis, 981, 1025. Neufville, Nicolas de (French), 1038. Neven of Beauvais (French), 7 12. Nevil, Neville, Anne, 905 ; Catherine, 956; Catherine, 964; David, 133; Dor- othy, 848, 851 ; Edmund, 20 ; Edward, 829 ; Edward, Lord Abergavenny, 994 ; Elizabeth. 874 ; Elizabeth, 82';) ;" Eliza- beth, 956 ; Frances, 956 ; Fr;inces, 1060 ; George, Earl of Abergavenny, INDEX. 1117 990 ; Sir TTenry of Berksliire, diplomat, 93, 210, L';il, 4GG, 955, 956, 1UU.3, lOofi, lOGi), lUTO, Port., 081; Sir Henry, Jr., 4')(), 956, 980, 1070; Sir Henry, Lord Abergavenny, 542, 956 ; which Sir Henry ? ()28, 030 ; Sir Henry, the elder, 95") ; John Lord Latimer, 848, 851, 8l>3, 874, 904; Lncy, 803; Mary, 950 ; Mary, 904 ; Ralph, 905 ; Ursula, <)90 ; Mr. , 982. Ne Vinson, Elizabeth, 994. New, Nova, etc Albion, 80, 461, 672, 795; Albion (Plowden), 1000; Hamp- shire, 945, 1053 ; Haven (Connecticut) , 954; Kent County (Va.), 187; Life of Virginia, 55S, 559 ; Market, England, 850,527; Netherlands, 745,740, 810; North Wales, 837; South Wales, 837 ; Towns in Virginia (see Henrico), 491, 492, 504, 778 ; -Yeeres gift to Virginia, 300-375. New, Nova, Britain, Brittaine, Britannia, etc., 241-243, 24(), 248, 20i), 295, 299, 559, 774, 777, 830, 874, 932. New Eno^'land, or Second Colony of Vir- ginia (Under the charter of April 10, 1000, the name was '" The Second Col- ony of Virginia," but the charter of November 3, 1020, changed the name to New England), 25-27,' 29, 52, 55-03, 65-75, 88, 102, 111, 122, 127, 128, 140, 144-140, 179, 181, 190-194, 197, 198, 207, 208, 238, 243, 247, 205, 208, 270, 459, 475, 534-530, 541, 500, 507, 570, 573, 570, 597, 080, 709, 724, 729, 730, 740, 709, 770, 779, 780-782. See At- lantic, Bays, Capes, Commodities, Eng- land, Fauna, Flora, Forts, France, Isl- ands, Maine, Massachusetts, Minerals, Mount Desert, Norombega, Rivers, Virginia, Voyages, No. CLVIIL, etc. New England, or Second Colony of Vir- ginia, the council in, 55-57, 67, 69, 70, 73, 75, 70, 89, 93, 94, 102, 125, 145, 192. See Ellis Best, Gome Carew, James Davis, or Davies, Robert Davis, or Davies, Ralegh Gilbert, Edward Harlow, Harley, Hawley, George Pop- ham, and Richard Seymour. New England Company, and Royal Coun- cil. Under their fir.st charter (pp. 51- 03) the correct name was " The Com- pany for the Second Colony of Vir- ginia; " but tlieir second, or ^V.sZ special charter, of November 3, 1()2 ) (see Haz- ard's Collections, vol. i. pp. 103-118), was granted to a Royal Council of forty persons, " called by the Name of the Council established at Plymouth, in the County of D,;von, for the planting, etc., of New - England, in America," vi, vii, X, xiii, xiv, 51-53, 58, 73, 178, 782, 8.)3-8J5, 8.)8, 822, 998. See Vir- ginia, the London Company of, and the biographies of the following mem- bers of the N. E. Co., and other inter- ested parties: Alexander, Apsley, Archer, the Argalls, Bagge, Biard, the Bourchiers, Brereton, Brewster, the Brookes, Brudenel, Calvert, Cecil, Cliamplaine, Chudley, Coitmore, Co- mock, Conway, Coventry, Delbridge, Dermer, Digges. the Drakes, Edg- combe. Finch, Fotherbie, Gates, the Gilberts, Giles, Goche, the Gorgeses, Gosnold, Hanham, tlie Harleys, Haw- kins, Hay, Hayes, Heale, Heath, W. Herbert, Hobson, Howard (Arundel), Hunt, T. Johnson, Levette. Love, Mansell, C. Martin, Mason, Maynard, Mildmay, the Pelhams, the Pophams, Pory, Pring, the Riches, Roe, Roydon, the Seymours, Selden, Sheffield, Slany, Spelman, J. Smith, Somers, the Royal Stuarts, L. Stuart, Sutcliffe, Vane, Vas- sall, Villiers, Vines, the Wests, Wey- mouth, Whitson, Wriothesley, Wrothe, the Zouches, etc., Massachusetts and Virginia Companies. See Register. Newfoundland, 2, 5, 8, 12, 14, 25, 100, 359, 390, 3 )1, 394-39(5, 404, 400, 573, 609, 033, 084, 733, 741, 744, 749, 752, 756, 706, 795; Avalon, 841, 1026; Ferryland, 841, 1039 ; fisheries, 8, 14, 25; settlement, 12, 741, 744. See CLVIIL Newfoundland Company of England, 390, 391, 859; officials of. See John Guy, Capt. John Mason, Dr. Meddus, John Slaney, etc. See, also, Biographies 813, 820, 838, 839, 841, 844, 861, 877, 880, 897, 907, 916, 917, 920, 931, 940, 946, 977, 979, 1000, 1004, 1026, 1030, 1032, 1037, 1039, 1050, 1051. New France, 80, 202, 278, 321-324, 375, 470, 570, 573, 004, 005, (598, 700-702, 707, 709, 715, 717, 722, 725, 720, 745. 749, 793, 795, 815. Hochelaga, 80 ; La Cadie, 322 ; Quebec, 707, 853 ; River of Canada, .532 ; Gulf of St. Lawrence, 23, 24, 937. See Canada, and New England. New Port Newse, Virginia, 81, 394, 519, 950, 058, 1058. New Spain, or Hispania, 21, 80, 263, 670. Culiacan, 670 ; Guasteean, 670 ; Nueva Biscaia (north of Mexico), 670; New Mexico, 27, 80, (547, 977 ; Nueva Gali- cia, 770 ; Panuco, (570 ; Sant Jago de las Valles, 770; Tampico, 070. See Florida, Mexico, etc. New World, v, xiii, xiv, 112, 400, 637, 672, 791, 864, 954, 1027. New York, 327, 421, 447, 623, 707, 740, 797, 892 ; documents relating to, etc., 148, 4-17, 07-352, 354, 361, 363-367, 369, 371, 578, 693. See Discouragements, Dis- eases, Distress, Objects, Romanism, Spain, etc. Objects, motives, or reasons for settling })lantations in Virginia : The conver- sion of the Indians ; the glory of God and the advancement of Christian re- ligion ; the honour of the king " by en- largeing of his territories and future enrichinge of his kingdonie ; " the profit of the people by increase of foreign commerce ; " this northern corner of the world will in a short time be the richest warehouse and the greatest cus- tomhouse of all kinds of merchandise to be found in Europe " (272). See pp. V, xiv, XV, 36-42, 49, 50, 89, 146, 236, 237, 243, 248, 253, 2.55, 256, 258, 259, 261- 276, 29.5-302, 309, 313-315, 322, 339- 354, 362-373, 415, 424, 425, 45G, 462- 465, 482, 483, 499, 501, 555, 581, 582, 587, 588, 608, 613-616, 624, 639, 640, 646, 647, 685, 687, 688, 693, 735, 758, 775, 776, 783, 793, 794, 798. See Ob- jections, Protestantism, Romanism, the Church, the State, and the Trade of England, and the Companies aud Coun- cils of Virginia. O'Callaghan, Dr. , 707. Ocannidge (Indian), 1007. Ockold, , stationer, 292. Ode to the Virginian Voyage, 86, 87. O'Dogherty, Sir Cahir (Irish), 1035. O'Donnel, (Irish), 123. Offley, Hugh, 959 ; Robert, 959 ; Robert, 217, 408, 574, 594, 748, 771, 797, 959; Sarah, or Susan, 948, 1065 ; Thomas, 839 ; William, 959. Ogle, Sir John, author, 212, 544, 901, auto., 959, 1016, Fort.. 691. O'Keover, Jane, 817; Philip, 817. Okes, Nicholas, stationer ("N. O."), 678, im, 772, 1004. Old Point Comfort. Sae Comfort. Oldeub.arnevelt, Helias (Dutch), 447, 959; John Van (see Barnevelt), 448, 959. Oldisworth, Michael, 920. OHph, OHffe, Joane, 937; John, 937. Oliver, Edward, fishmonger, 282 ; Francis, 804, 959 ; Mrs. Hannah, widow, 973. Onate, Juan de (Spaniai-d), 27. O'Neill, O'Niel, Col. Daniel, 1040; Grace, 1043 ; Hugh, Earl of Tyrone, 1035 ; Shane, U.2o. Opeehancanough, 785, 971 ; Opechanca- noyes, 186 ; Opocancano, 1021 (In- dian). Ophely, Lord, 1046. Orange, Prince of. See Maurice. Orders for the colonies, 65, 75-85, 102, 192, 676, 677, 679, 680. Ordinances for the colonies, 73, 74, 91- 95, 102. 1120 INDEX. Orme, Capt. , 213. Ormshawe, Rachel, 842 ; William, 842. Orolipikes, 485. Ortelius, Abraham, Flemish geographer, 671), 'MS, 959. Ortiz, Juan (Spaniard), 1020. Orwell, Capt. Lewis, 213. Osborne, Andrew, merchant-tailor, 303 ; Edward, 1U23 ; John, 771 ; Peter, 853. Osborne's Memoirs of James I., 10G4. Osmotherly, Richard, merchant-tailor, 305, 959. O'Toole, A. S. N., author, 785, 959, 960 ; Brian, 959. Otway, Richard, merchant-tailor, 303. Overall, Bishop John, a translator of the Bible, 90(5. Overbury, Sir Thomas, author, 846, 934, 940, 1040. Overton, Anne, 853 ; Henry, merchant- tailor, 305 ; Laurence, 853. Owen, Alice, 983 ; Bathsheba, 890 ; Ed- ward, merchant-tailor, 304 ; Hugh ap, 919; Israel, 890; Jane ap, 919; Sir Roger, 694 ; Thomas, 983. Oxenbridge, William, Esq., 214, 960. '■ Oxenhams," 972. Oxford, Earls of, 920, 1002, 1021, 1037, 1038. Oxford, 488, 502, 597, 600, 601, 790, 1030. Oxfordshire, 655 ; Oxford Tracts (Smith's), 596-601, 1030. Pace, Mr. , 971. Packer, Thomas, 1009. Paekington, Miss Elizabeth, 995, 996; Mi-s. Elizabeth, 992; John, Esq., 992; Sir John (half-brother to Sir Francis Bacon's wife). 996. Pacific Ocean, 81, 327,557; East India Sea, 83 ; Mar del Zur, 564 ; South Sea, 21, 81, 146, 178, 184, 186, 189, 201, 278, 397, 398, 410,457,497, 519, 523, 564, 584, 604, 634, 638, 647, 670, 671, 833, 87^, 881, 890, 918, 9.55, 981, 1007, 1008 ; islands in the: Amboyna-ene of the Moluccas (Malaysia), 98; Bantam, in Java, 873, 957, 973 ; Jacatra, in J.ava, 873; Java (Malaysia), 873, 957, 973 ; Malucas, or Moluccas (Malaysia), 90, 99, 693, 890 ; Philippines (Malay- sia), 573 ; Solomon's Islands (Australa- sia), 573 ; Terra-nata, Terra-nate, Ter- nate Islands, 98. Strait of Malacca, S75 ; of Snnda, 272. See China, East India, and Japan. Padre Maestro. See Laf uente. Pagan Creek, 186. Pagenham, Anne, 1001. Paget. Anne, 960; Thomas, third Lord, 960; William, Lord, 542, 549, 755,770, 847, 944, 960. Pagnam. Capt. , 212. Pakrakanick, 190. Palatyne, Frederick, Prince of Bavaria, 604, 606, 820. 927, 960, 966, 986, 988, 1037, 1038, 1067. Palavicino, Pallavicino, Anne, 869 ; Sir Horatio (Genoese), 869, 1022; "Mr. Palavicine," 982. Palfrey's History of New England, 170. Palke, Samuel, merchant-tailor, 304. Palmer, Anue, 888 ; Sir Anthony, 93,880, 960 ; Archdale, 984 ; Dudley, 960 ; Ed- ward, 982 ; Sir Henry, 942, 957 ; John, Esq., 960; Miles, 221,960; William, 984 ; WiUiam, haberdasher, 220, 468, 771, auto., 960, 982. Palmes, Sir Guy, 545, 960. Pamonkies, Indians, 165. Panama, 21, 22, 81, 670, 672, 977; Pan- nania (?), 792. Panton, Sir Thomas, 212, 960, 961. Papillon. See Purpillian. Papists. See Romanism. Paris, France, 15, 18, 278, 323, 475, 5.33, 603, 622, 623, 662, 677, 707, 725, 757. Parke, Col Daniel, 888 ; Hon. Daniel, 888; Frances, 888; Lucy, 888; Mr. , 555. Parker, Anne, 953 ; Catharine, 863 ; Ed- ward, Lord Morley, 961 ; Mary, 961 ; Su- Nicholas, 545, 953, 961 ; SirPhUip, 803 ; Thomas, Esq., 961 ; William, merchant-tailor, 304, 961 ; William, Lord Mont Eagle, 42, 209, 231, 318, 961 ; Capt. William, of Plymouth, 23-25, 34, 47, 52, 55, 58-60, 63, 872, 961. Parker, Mr. G., 562. Parkhuist, Henry, 961 ; Robert, 217, 469, 961. Parkins. See Perkins. Parkman. Dr., 947. Parliament : LTpper House, or House of Lords, xiv, 13, 122,209, 309 542 ; mem- bers of (see 811-1070, passim; see Peers in the Ya. Co.) ; Lower House, or House of Commons, xiv, 13, 122. 391, 542, 802, 803, 807, 993, 999 ; Journals of, 359, 360, 689, 690, 692-696 ; mem- bers of (see 811-1070, passi7)i) ; bar of, 692, 694, 698 ; parliament, 4, 5, 13, 36, 41, 42, 47, 64, 66, 73, 102, 119, 121, 229, 359, 360, 374, 465, 529, 542, 686, 689, 690, 692-698, 724, 802, 803, 807, 820, 1069; acts of, 41, 102, 089, 690; boroughs, 611-1010, passirn ; duration of, 809 ; elections to, 993 ; petitions to, 36—42 ; Virginia mentioned in, 13, 119, 121, 122, 359, 360, 529, 689, 690, 692- 698, 724, 820 ; " looked upon with eyes of our love," 695. Parma. Duke of (Spaniard), 826. Parmenius (Hungarian), 908. Parr, Anne, 922 ; Queen Catherine, re- former, 862, 922, 9:;o ; Maud, 936 ; Wil- liam, 901, 966; William, 936. Parrott. See Perrott. Parry, Elizabeth, 975 ; Bishop Hem-y, INDEX. 1121 542, 961. 963 ; Robert, 975 ; Sir Thomas, diplomat. S-t5. Parslow. Giles, grocer, 225, 257, 387, 389, 55S, 5UU, 591, auto., 962. Partridge, Ricliard. L'21, W2. Pasbehaighs, 185 ; Pa.spahaiglis, 493, 599 ; Paspiha, 159, 102, 1U3, 185; Paspihas Country, Kil. Pasc ill, Pashall, etc., Andrew, 907 ; Ed- inond, grocer, 225, 257, 387, 82(5, auto., 962, 965 ; Elizabeth, 950 ; Jane, 907. Pask, Alice, 922 ; Rev. John, D.D., 922. Paspaheigh (.see Pasbehaighs), Indian King of, 599. Pa.sptan, 487 ; Pasptanzie, 488 ; Pastan- eie, Indian King of, 041, 043. Pass, iSiraon, Dutch engraver, 780, 962. Passage or route to Virginia, 82, 83, 343, 393. 399, 489, 518. Patents. See Charters. Patomac, Indian King of, 482, 487, 488, 042, 043. See Potomac. Patrick. Father, 940. Patrons of the Genesis of the United States. See xvi, xvii, and the Appen- dix. Patrons of Colonization, Commerce, and Discovery, 24, 775, and pp. 811—1070, passim ; of Arts, Authors, Libraries, and Leiirniug : Abbot, Acland, Ban- croft, Bargrave, BoUes, Brooker, Cie- sar, Canipe, Cecils, Cutler, Dawes, Drewry, Dudley, Ferrar, Greville, Gul- stone, Harringtons, Harper, Harrison, Hastings, Hatton, Herberts, Hieks, Howards, Judde, Leate, Martin, Mild- may, Montag-ue. Parkhurst, Percy, Pe- tre-Wadliani, Popham, Pring, Rich, Roe, Romney, Russell-Clifford, Sander- son, Sandys, SavUe, Scott, Sebright, Sid- neys, Smiths, Stuarts. Suteliffe. Sutton, Thorne, Villiers, Wade, Walsingham, White, Whitson, Wolstenholine, Wray- Rich, Wriothesley, and Wrothe ; of Charities, Churches, etc. : Abbot, Ar- niine, Bateman, Bishop, Campbell, Caron, Cecils, Chamberlain, Church, Cletheroe, Co veil. Craven, Darell, Dawes, Deane, Fishbourne, Hariot, Hicks, Holeman, Howards, Lennard, Mawdet, Montague, Owens-Robinson, Pettus, Rainton, Robinson, Roe, Rom- ney, Scott, Sebright, Shefiield, Smiths, Sutton, Tyrrel, Watts, Welds, West, Wheatley, Whitmore, Whitson, and Wolstenholme ; of the City Companies of London, Trinity House, etc. : Adams, Argall, Banks, Barnes, Bateman, Bolles, Bond, Campbell, Chamberlain, Cletheroe, Coitmore, Craven, Cutler, Dawes, Fishbourne, Fletcher, Hamers- ley, Hansford, Haydon, Hieks, Leate, Middleton, Mowse, Norton, Rainton, Romney, Spert, Stile, Vassall, West, Wheatley, and Whitmore Paul V, (Pope, 160.5-1621), 124, 9-38. Paul's churchyard, 241, 279, 280, 283, 294, 312, -.^ii^, 356, 373, 428, 478, .559, 508, 570, 571, 609,612,740,700, 773, 891 ; cross, 312 ; southdore, 595 ; "the Great Southdoore of Pauls," 1U42. See Stationere" Company, Visscher's Lon- don, and London. Paulson, Richard, 771, 962, 982. Pavyer, Mr. , stationer, 293. Pawlett, Paulett, Poulet, etc. , Sir Amias, 8r.t, SS2; Anue, 870; Sir John, 407, 541), 962, lU.is, 1070, Fort, 721; Sir John, Jr., 902; Robert, 902; Capt. Thomas, 902 ; William, Marquis of Winchester, 839, 840, 870. Pawling, Andrew, merchant-taUor, 304. Payne, John, 804, 907, 902, 903 ; Sir Rob- ert, 212, 963; William, 218,408,770, 963, Peace, 90, 113, 120, 124, 139, 147, 643, 6.56, 082, 756, 775, 1020 1037 ; with Spain, 27, 28, 119, 120, 120, 245. See Treaties. Pearce, Mr. , 982. Peake, Robert, 409, 548. Pearde, Nicholas, 812. Pearls, 80, 157, 100, 271, 314, 317, 349, 395, 425, 646, 648, 055, 683 ; pearl- drillers, 353. Pears, Edmond, haberdasher, 224. Pearse, Capt. , 213. Pearsye, Jeremy, 221. Peate. See Pett, Peter, 223. Peckard's Life of Ferrar, 890, 934, 993, 1002. Peckham, Sir Edmund, 903 ; Sir Gieoi^e, author, etc., 7, 10, 897, 963, 1041; George, 903 ; Sir Robert, 963. Peckkeford, John, 134. Pedder, John, Dean of Worcester, 991 ; Mrs. , 992. Pedigrees, extracts from : Argall, Bar- grave, Barnes, Berkeley, Bland, Digges, Evelin, Fanshawe, Ferrar, Finch, Gilbert, Gorges, Hakluyt, Har- ley, Harrison, Hawkins, Haiward, or Hayward, Herbert, Howard, James, Killigrew, Leigh, Lovelace, Martin, Mewtis, Mildmay. Montague, Neville, Paget, Parker, Pawlet, Pett, Popham, Purchas, Rich, Robinson, Roe, Russell, St, John, St. Leger. Sandys, Scott, Sid- ney, Smith, or Smythe, Stuart, Throck- morton, Trevor, Tucker, Vassall, Vere, Wade, Walsingham, West, \^'hitaker, Wingfield, Winne, or Wynne, Winter, Wolstenholme, Wriothesley, Wrote, Wroth, Yeardley, Zouch, etc. Pedrastra (see Prada), Andreas de (Span- iard), 11 )0. Peers in the Va. Co., 209, 542, 574. [A great many were raised to the peerage, or became peers by succession, after the issuance of the charters. See the Brief Biographies.] 1122 INDEX. Peirsey, Percy, etc. , Abraham, 804, 963 ; Elizabeth, 1)03. Pelham, Elizabeth, 1045 ; Herbert, Sen., mS, 1045; Herbert, Jr., 981, 1U02, 1045 ; Herbert, first treasurer of Har- vard Colleg-e, 1045 ; John, 1045 ; Pe- nelope, 1045 ; Thomas, Esq., 546, 963, 1045 ; William, 1045. Pellet, Sir Benjamin, 1045 ; John, 1045. Pemberton, John, merchant-tailor, 305. Pemble, Thomas, 1022. Pembroke, Earl of : Philip, William, and WiUiam Herbert. Pembroke River (Rappahannock), Va. , 041, 642, 644, 921, 947, 1025, 1034. Pembroke, Wales, 705, 706, 721, 722, 724. Pen, Capt. Robert, 16 ; Admiral, , 869. Pendleton, Frauncis, merchant-tailor, 306. Penduis, 460, 936. Penguin, 400. Peninsula, 4(i0. PenkeveU, Richard, 90. Peimant, Elias, 830. Pennant's London, 850. Pennington, Isaac, Lord Mayor, 963 ; Robert, 167 ; Robert, 222, 963. Penniston, Pennystone, Anthony, 982, 1004 ; Elizabeth, 1004. Pennsylvania, 860; Mag. of Hist, and Bio., 325. Pennyfather, William, grocer, 257, 557, 561, 590, 687. Pensioners of Spain in England, 849, 850, 899, 1028, 1067. Pentagoet. See Rivers. People to exclude (see Pajjists, Players, etc.), 270, 271, 286, 302 ; to send (see Emigrants), 271, 301 ; in Virginia, 82, 519, 520, 662, 782, 1016, 1064. Percivall, Richard, Esq., 214, 467, 963, 964 ; Samuel, 816. Percy, Algernon, 965; Allen, 804, 964, 1070; Dorothy, 965, 1003; Capt. George, author, 106, 113,151, 152, 178, 182, 210, 332, 334, 407, 413, 424, 480, 485, 490, 491, 500, -501, 520, 570, 617, 863, 918, 943, auto., 964, 965, 1003, 1009, Part., 701 ; Henry, eighth Earl of Northumberland, 964 ; Henry, Earl of Northumberland, 178, 334, 424, 428, 500, 520, 845, S74, 910, 918, 964, 965, 100.3, 1009; Henry, 979; Liicy, 918, 965 ; Marie, 979 ; Percy Papere," .";00. Pereda, Don Gaspar Ruvz de (Spaniard), 451, 510, 511, 51.3, 52 i, 522, 524. Perez, Marco Antonio (Spaniard), 122, 965. Perez, Marco Antonio, Spanish spy in Vir- ginia, 507, 510-522, 524-526, 650, 553, 657, 658, 738. Perin (Pring ?), Margaret, 839; Martin, 839. Periods, the crucial, v, 29-795 ; experi- mental, 29-204 ; of enthusiasm, 205- 335 ; the task in hand, 336-729 ; the work accomplished, 730-795. Perkins, Parkins, Aden, grocer, 223, 965 ; Sir Christopher, 211, 466, 965 ; Edward, 217, 965 ; Edward's widow, 905 ; Fran- cis ("Perquin"), 151, 173, 177, 965; " Francis his son," 177, 965 ; Thomas, 215, 905 ; William, 974. Perron, Cardinal (French), 970. Perrott, Parrott, Sir James, 466, 543, 803, 965 ; Sir John, Lord Deputy, author, etc., 843, 965; Penelope, 940; Sir Thomas, 940. Perry, Mrs. Joan, 992 ; Mary, 1033. Perryn, Robert, merchant-tailor, 304. Persia, 313, 956, 957, 985, 1000 ; Persian Gulf, 272, 822, 957 ; Persian laws, 201. See Asia, and Baffin, Sir H. Neville, Newport, Roe, the Sherleys, etc. Peru, 671, 881, 917, 990, 1020; Andes Mountains, 671 ; Arica, 672 ; Arequipa, 072 ; Cape San Francisco, 881, 917 ; Chareas, 672 ; Cherepe, 672 ; Cusco, 672; Equador, 917; Lima, 672, 881, 917 ; Paita, 672 ; Pisca, 672 ; Potossi, 672 ; Puna. Isle of, 672 ; Quito, 672 ; Santos, (i72 ; Truxillo, 672. Peters, Rev. Hugh, 954. Petitions for priviledges to make discov- eries, etc., 5, 6, 8-10 ; for fir,st charter, vi, 47 ; for second charter, vii, 208 ; for third charter, vii, 541 ; in chancery, 623-63 1 ; Buckler's, 325. Petre, Peter, Dorothy, 965 ; John Lord, 209, 985 ; Sir William, 965. Petro, Signior (a Dutchman), 133. Pett, Arthur, 219, (908?), 905; Maister Edmond, 960 ; Joseph, 966 ; Miles, 128; Peter, 905; Peter, 905; Peter, 907 ; Peter, 223, 905 ; Phineas. author, 220, 4C.S, 965, 986, 1025 ; Capt. Phineas, 547, 900 ; Master , 329, 966. Pettus, Sir John, 545, 966. Pewrifie, Sir Nicholas, 804, 975. See Purefoy. Pewsey, Daniel, merchant-tailor, 305. Peyton, Paten. Alice, 1039 ; Christopher, 839; Elizabeth, 931; Sir Henry, 211, 407, 966 ; Sir John, 924 ; Sir John, 931; Margaret, 839; Susan, 924; Thomas, 9()6 ; Capt. Walter, 957. Phellipps, Philips, Sir Edward. .543, 606, 986; Miles, 0, 7; Robert ("Phips"), grocer, 225, 771 ; Sir Robert, 694,095, 79(), 901. 966, 1070; Thomas, 804, 967. Phesant, Mr. , 982. Phettiplace, Michael, gent., 216, 966; William, gent., 210, 000. 001, 966. Philip II., of Spain, and Mary of Eng- land. 3, 19, S39, 1054. Philip IL, of Spain (15.56-1.598), 3. 6, 7, 15, 19, 916, 947, 959, 965, 966, 967, 1002. Philip III., of Spain (159S-1621), 27, 28, 43, 45, 88, 91, 97, 102, 104, 110, 115- INLEX. 1123 120, 123, 125, 127, 129, 140, 141, 147, 172, 17o, 177, 180, lS:i, 184, 195-198, 242, 243, 248, 254, 258, 2(J0, 290, 310, 311, 324, 332, 33(), 337, ;343, 357, 358, 386, 387, 392, 393, 397, 418, 42(3, 427, 440, 442, 451, 454, 455, 457, 473, 470, 494, 495, 509-511, 52;3-528, 531,533, 537, 539, 553, 554, 556, 560, 572, 573, 575, 577, 588, 593, 602, 603, 607, 610, 621, 622, 631-633, 636, 638, 645, 649, 651, 654, 656, 657, 659-661, 663, 668, 674, 675, 680, 681, 736, 737, 744, 759, 805, 868, 9U0, 926, 929, 93S, 940, 950, 967, 1000, 1037, 1067, Por«.,xix; the Queen of Philip III.. 52S. Philip IV., of Spain (1621-1665), 900. Philip, William, author, 1012, 1015. Philips. Sae Phellipps. Phillipson. Anne, 817 ; Miles, 817. Philpot, Henry, 804, 967. Philpot Lane, London, 248, 439, 445, 40.3, 764, 1014. Phippsburg-, 191. Phips. See Phellipps. Physical features of Vii^inia, 265, 350, 395, 457, 519, 5S3. Sae Bays, Capes, Islands, Mountains, Places, Rivers, Soil, etc. Physicians (see Doctors), 273, 356, 412, 469, 837 ; physical plants, 587 ; physic, 395, 412, 479, 4-!l, 642. Pickford, Chistopher. 221. Pierce, Jane, 987 ; William, 987. Pierrepoint, Lady Mary (Montague), au- thoress, 1060. Pierson, Richard, merchant-tailor, 305. Piggasse, Dru, 167. Pig-gott, Pigott, Pigeott, Pvott, Capt. ,213, 967, 978; Richard of Lon- don, 547. Pilgrim, Pilgrimage, Pilgrimes (see Purchas), 1032. Pilgrim Father, 833. Pilots, 507-509, 511-522, 710, 715, 1033. Sea Naval Affaii-s, Ships, Voyages, etc. Pindar, Paul, 970. " Pin die Burie," merchant, 501. Pine apples, 152, 174, l.h). Pine timber (see Timbar), 534 ; -trees, 87, 107, 3S5, 587, 8 )0. Pink, W. Duncombe, Esq., xvii. Pinnaces, 407, 493, 682, 683, 742. See Naval Affairs. Pipsco, an In.lian, 5^5. Piracy, 119. 52 ). Pirates, Virginia to be a harbor for, against the plate fleets, etc, 99, 119, 121, 172, 19S, 244, 337, 343, 392, 519, 575, 646, 705, 708, 713, 770, 1050, 1051 ; of the Levant, or Algiers, 91 7, 937, 942, 985, 1017. See Bingley, Easton, Har- ris, Manneiing. Pitch, 37. 110. 146, 202, 205, 2-39, 265, 268, 349, 363, 398, 443, 564, 640, 783, 789, 800 ; boilers, 353 ; -trees, 317, 587. Pitchford. William, SCO. Pitt, Elizabeth, 967 ; George, 217, 468, 967 ; Moses, 837 ; Sir William, 1027. Pius V. (Pope 1.566-1572), 7, 15. Pizarro, (Spaniard), 1020. Places in Virginia (34°-45'' N. Lat), In- dex, /»ass(Mi. Plantation. See Virginia. Plantations, 85, 795, 799-802, 824, 969. Planters. See Emigrants and Adven- turers. Plastrier, Platrier, Capt. (French), 533, 534, 536. Plat, Anthonie, 16 ; James, 18. Plate River, 670, 671, 855, 881 ; towns upon the river : Ascension, Buenos Aeres, Santa Anna, Santa Fee, Santo Spiiito, 670, 671. Players, 366, 367, 612 ; Burbage's Com- pany, 637. Plavs: Eastward Hoe I 29-32; Henry VIII., 637 ; Mask of the Inns of Court, 604-606; of Flowers, 678-679; The Tenipest, 508 ; Tuquoque, 759. See Poetry. PleydaU, Thomas, 221. Plimpton (Plympton), 138. Plomer. See Plumer. Plowden's (Sir Edmund) patent, 1060. Plumer, Plomer, Edward, merchant, 548, 9S7 ; Thomas, merchant, 228, 304, 548, 967, 1070; Sir Walter, 967; Walter, 967. Plymouth, England, 6, 18, 19, 21, 34, 50, 53, 64, 88, 102, 105, 106, 110, 116, 122, 124, 126-128, 138, 140, 148, 174, 191, 238-240, 247, 250, 265, 320, 328, 375, 403, 758, 770, 782, 784. Plymouth, New England, 27, 902, 981, 999, 1027, 1036, 1039 ; " Old Colony," 981. Pocahontas, Poeahuntas, etc., Indian Princess, 319, 642, 643, 655, 702, 743, 746, 747, 751, 782, 784-789, 835, 935, 937, 967, 968, 971, 986, 987, 1050, Port., 711. Pocoughtawonaucks, 189 ; Pocoughtro- nacks, 189. Poe, Dr. Leonard, 212, 817, 968. Poetry (see Plays) : Ballads. 420-426. 495 ; Doomsday, 758 ; appeals for the en- lightenment of the Indians. 565. 761 ; An Epicede, 594, 595 ; Ode to the Vir- ginian Vovage, 86, 87 ; Panegyric Po- etry, 780, "785, 863, 960,1025; Poets, Index, passim. I Pohatan's (Powhatan's) towre (town ?), 164. Point Comfort See Comfort. Pointz, Ferdinando, 949. Poland, 203, 268; King of. 985 (see Stephen Bathori (1575-1587) and Sigis- mund III. (1587-1632)) ; Poles in Vir- ginia. 599. Pole, Poole, Powell, Jane, 942; Sir Ste- 1124 INDEX. phen, 212, 232 ; Thomas, 942 ; " Car- dinal [Reginald] Pole," 1054, 1055. Politician, the, 280, 314. Pollard, Mr. George, fishmonger, 281 ; Jane, 005. Poltimore, Lords (see Bamfield), 822. Poniet, Richard, merchant, 215. " One Poncet a knight of Malta," 278. Pond, Edmund, 548. Pontgrav^, Mons. (French), 322. Pontsonne, Richard, 548. Poole, Pole, Powell, etc., Jonas, 471, 968, 1013; Sir Stephen (see Powell); Sir William, author, 544, 968 ; Rev. Mr. , 401. Pooley, Rev. GreviUe, 891, 933. Poor's Vindication of Gorges, 96, 148. Pope, Alexander, poet, 800. Popes of Rome, 2-1, 7, 14, 15, 19, 119, 124, 201, 1002. See Romanism. Popham, Alexander, 114, 968 ; Alexander, 908, 909; Anne, 968; Edward, 968, 969; Eleanor, 969, 1042; Elizabeth, 969; Sir Francis, 66, 89, 92, 179, 198, 780, 804, 968, 969, 1029 ; Capt. George, 23, 47, 52, 55, 58-00, 63, 102, 114. 144- 146, 191-193, 197, 576, 911, 968, 969 ; Jane, 969 ; John, 968, 969 ; Sir John, chief justice, author, etc., vi, .32, 42, 46, 47, 51, 64, 89, 102, 104, 111, 127, 140, 191, 193, 197, 567, 863, 881, 909, 910, 917, 940, 908, auto., 969, 977, 986, 1042, 1066 ; Sir John's nephew, 881 ; Kath- erine, 969, 986; Mary, 940, 969; Pe- nelope, 909, 969; "The Pophams," 950, 1042. Popham Memorial Volume, 145. Port, d"Esj)aigne, 454 ; Cotage, 163 ; Fer- nando, 459 ; Lane, 459 ; Nelson, 955 ; Royal (South Carolina), 4, 947, 967; Royal (North Virginia), 40, 375, 47(5, 533, 535, 536, 662. 698, 699, 702, 703, 718, 719, 720, 724, 726, 729,815 ; Royal (Bermudas). 1033. Porto and Puerto, Bello, 25, 881, 934, 961 ; Rico (Saint John de Puerto Rico), 130, 131, 155, 174, 245, 393, 399, 518, 647, 672, 916, 1043 ; Seguro, 671. Porter, Margaret, 1031 ; Sir Thomas, 1031. Portraits. See List of Illustrations, and this Index, passim. Portsmouth, England, 16, 307, 343, 474, 481, 656, 772. Port-towns, 38. Portugal, Portingale (attached to Spain, 1580-1640), 2, 137, 249, 509, 536, 539, 589, 592, 1050 ; Portuguese, or Portu- gales, 138, 511, 6.'>9, 609, 671, 674. (iO;), 704, 768 ; Algarve, 137 ; Cape Verde Islands, 97(> ; Madera, 128; Setunall (Setubal), 137. See Azores, Brazil, Ijisbon, Spain. Pory, Anne, 970 ; John, author, first speaker, etc., 106, 111, 113, 114, 218, 829, 879, 941, 949, 963, 969, 970, auto., 971, 1048; Robert, 804, 971. Potatoes, 5, 128, 152, 174, 663, 689. Potomac River, 841, 892, 1021, 1025; Pataromerke, 189 ; Patowomeck, 641- 643 ; Patomeck, 487, 488 ; Patoraack, 482, 493 ; Potowmac, 458 ; " Elizabeth River," Map CLVIIL, 1025. Pott, Dr. John, 907, 1047. Potts, Richard, author. 598, 600, 601, 971. Poudon, Robert, fishmonger, 281. Poulett. See Pawlett. Poutrincourt, Mons. de (French), 322, 375, 534, 726-729. Povey, Frances, 830 ; Thomas, 830. Powell (see Pole and Poole), Authouie, 16, 971 ; Captain Nathaniel, author, surveyor, etc, 458, 461, 600, 601, 971 (" Powle "), 1005, 1032 ; Sir Stephen, 212, 232, 467, 971 ; " Thomas Powle, Esq.," 971 ; Capt. William, 836 ; Wil- liam, gent., 223, 971. Powhatan, Indian king, 164, 172, 178, 185-189, 199, 201, 202, 246, 482, 48-5- 487, 493, 503-505, 642, 643, 655, 746, 747, 751, 785, 789, 906, 967, 971, 978, 986, 996; Taux, or little, Powhatan, 484, 505. See Great Powhatan. Powhatan's Bay, 188 ; country, 503-505 ; River (see James River) ; town, 164, 484. Powlett. See Pawlett. Poynings, Sir Adrian, 953 ; Ann, 953. Poyntell, Richard, fishmonger, 253, 280, 971. Poyntz, Pointz, Anne, 1045, 1046 ; Sir An- thony, 901; Ferdinando, 949; Mary, 901 ; Sir Nicholas, 1046. Prade, Prada, Pedrastra, Andreas de (Spaniard). 98, 100, 260. Prannel, Henry, 1028. Pratt, Henry, merchant-tailor, 305 ; John, 223, 971; Mathias, fishmonger, 282; Roger, 18, 20, Precepts, Lord Mayor's, 254, 277, 324. Predimore, William, 974. Premiere Mis. des Jesuites au Canada, 475, 698, 700. Prescott, Jeffrey, merchant-tailor, 304, 971 ; William, 971. " Present state of Ireland," extract from, 738. President, or Viceroy of the Indies. See Salinas. Press, The, 859. See Stationers' Com- pany. Prester, John, of East India in the twelfth centurv. 1044. Preston, Sir Amias, 24, 143, 210,232, 902, 971, 972, 1018. Pretty, Francis, 972 ; George, gent., 217, 972. Price, Rev. Daniel, author, 258, 312, 972, 1025; Henry, 221, 972. Prices of prints, 182, 242, 280, 284, 2C5, INDEX. 1125 323, 337, 360, 421, 428, 477, 558, 000, 612,621,657,707, 7-16, 74S, 781; not known, 255, 256, 318, 530, 576, 759, 760, 791. See Unique Pi-ints (the prices of which are, of coui-se, unknown) and under Documents. Prickett, Miles, 973. Priestley, William, mercliant-tailor, 304. Prince Society of Massachusetts, 14."j, 676. Prince's Worthies of Devon. 898, 917. Princes. See Charles and Henry Stuart. Princes' Forts (Charles and Henry), 492, .oO:]. Princess. See Elizabeth Stuart. Pring-, Prinne, etc. . Alice, 836, 973 ; John, 952, 953; Margaret, 972; Capt. Mar- tin, author, surveyor, etc., 2(i, 44, 64, 76, 96, 98, 99. 4,57, 459, 836, 856, 873, 908, 909, 972-974, 977, 1014, 1052. Pringham See Springhara. Prisoners in Virginia, 508-527, 531, 533, .534, 538, 5.54, 603, 621, 622, 631, 635, 638, 642-644, 652-6.54, 657-660, 663, 665, 702, 708, 732, 738, 782, 967. See France, Spain, and Pocahontas. Private enterprises, xiv, 10, 32-35, .37, 38, 42, 496. See Carleill, Gilbert, Ralegh, Privy Council, English, 45, 75, 78, 121- 123, 125. 252, 3U8, 309, 314, 359, 527, 528, 665, 676, 677, 679, 6S0. 685-688, 690, 691, 730-734, 760-762, 768, 1027, 1034. Proctor, Rev. George, 222, 974; Rev. John. 547, 974. Profit of the enterprise, .352, 582, 619, 661, m.], 789, 799, 801. Prosen. See Spruson. Protectionists (see Monopolists), 270, ("the Warwick party '"), 1017, 1034. Protestant Colony, v, xiv, 15, 17, 201, 205, 250, 1068; Christian Common- wealth, 775 ; Christian plantation, 51, 290, 614, 615, 630, 762, 797 ; church in Virginia, 588, 835, 984 ; churches in Vii-ginia, 491, 492, 987 ; communion cup sent to Virginia, 984 ; vestry in Virginia, 904. See Protestantism. Protestantism : Christian religion, 53, 67, 68, 74, 236, 237, 276, 301, 339, 449, 626, 890, 985, 1027 ; Church of England, xiv, 2, 255, 351, 352, 360. 362, 366, 499, 903, 985, 1026, 1048 ; the Gospel, 266, 285, 288, 290, 291, 315, 339, 372, 374, 463, 499, 535, 578, 588 ; Protestantism, or Protestant religion, xiii, xiv, 2, 3, 4, 7, 15, 325, 400, 947, 1041, 1055 ; reli- gion (their), v, xiv, 88, 100, 103, 24(5, 259, 276, 301, 339, 340, .347, 3-18, 3(i3, 443, 553, .581, 6.50, 693,798. See Bihle, Huguenots. Ministers, Objects. Puritans, Sermons, Ignited States of Holland and the Netherlands, etc. Advancers of the standard of Christ, 284; Baptist, 856; bishops, 209, 404, .542; Brownists, .371, 993; Calvinista, 985 ; Christ, 284, 286 ; ( hrist, the com- ing of, 276 ; Christendom, 264, 276, 315 ; Christianity, 673 ; Christians, 507, 671, 793, 79.5; Church militant, 296; church tnumphant, 296 ; church war- den, .572 ; divine providence, 274 ; the Divine, 314; English dissenters, 105S ; the hand of God, 616, 617; the true God, 14.5 ; idea of Sidney, 1.5-17, 905, 906, 1002; Lutherans, 985; prayer book, 862 ; prayers, 530, 593 ; licensed to preach in all the world, 840 ; first Protestant baptismal rites to a prince in Great Britian (Henry Stuart), 1025, in England (Mary Stuart), 120; provi- dence, 142, 448, 616, 617, 7.53; reli- gious, element, matters and views, 235, 23(), 2S4, '2'X> ; remarks on the Church, 2.5-5 ; " the Sabboth," 371 ; Saint xVlde- gond's exhortation, 14 ; the seed plant- ed at Jamestown, .352, 637, 821 ; sepa- ratists, 371, '993; the spark kindled at Vera Cruz, (i, 7, 568, 793, 947 ; vestry minutes, .571, -572 ; Wars of the Rsfor- mation between Protestantism and Ro- manism, xiii, 7, 15, 859. A partial list of those who served in these wars (the HugTienot ware in France, the Low Country wars, and the war with ."^^pain): Apsley, the Argalls, the Ashleys, the Bargraves, Baskerville, Best, the •Berkeleys, Biggs, Bingham, Bingley, Blundeli, Bohun, Borlace, the Bor- oughs, Bourehier, Bourke, Brett, Brinsly, the Brookes, tlie Browns, the Burghs, Burray, Button, the Carews, the Careys, Carleill, Carleton, Caven- dish, tlie Cecils, Challons, Chaloner, Chami^ernoune, Chichester, Chudleigh, Chute, Clarke, Clifford, Coitmore, Coke, Comock, Conisbie, the Conways, Court- ney, the Croftes, Cross, Dale, the Da- vises, Dennis, Denny, tlie D'Evereuxs, Dewhurst, Dexter, the Digges, the Drakes, the Drurys, the Dudlej-s, Dyer, Edgecombe, Erizo, Everard, Fairfaxes, Fenner, Fenton, Finch, Frobisher, Fry- er, Gates, the Gilberts, Giles, Godolfine, Goodere, the Gorgeses, Goring Gray, the Grenvilles, Greville, Gwin, Hamp- ton, the Harcourts, Harwood, Hawker- idge, the Hawkinses, Hawley, Heneage, the Herberts, the Holecrof ts, the Hol- lises, the Howards. Huntley, James, Jermvn, Kendall, Keymis, Killigrew, the Kings, the KnoUyses, Lane, Le- gate, the Lees, Leigh, Leveson, Linde- sey, Lloyd, Lovelace, Mannering, Man- sell, Martin, Mason, Meetkerk, Mew- tis, M?rriek, Michelborne, Mildmay, Mills, Monson, Moone, the Morgans, Moryson, Mountaine, the Nevilles, Newce, Newport, the Norrises, the Norths, Ogle, Omie, Orwell, O'Toole, 1126 INDEX. Paget, Pagnam, the Parkers, Pearse, Pereivall, the Percys, the Petts, the Peytoiis, Pigot, the Pophams, Powell, Preston, Pioude, the Raleghs, the Rat- cliff'es, Ridgeway, Rive*s, Romney, Rookwood, the Russells, Sackville, Saint Aldegonde, the Saint Johns, the kjaint Legers, Saninis, the Scotts, Seely, Seymour, Sheffield, Shelton, the Sher- leys, the Sidneys, Slingesby, the Smiths, Somers, Sondes, Sparks, Spry, Stewk- ley, Sutton, the Talbots, the Trevors, Thorpe, the Throckmortons, the Tra- cys. Van Medkerke, Vassall, Vennor, the Veres, Wade, Waldo, the Walsing- hams, the Watts, the Wests, White, Whitson, Wilniot, the Wilsfords, the W^ingfields, the Winnes, or Wynnes, the Winters, Wiuwood. the Woods, Wood- all, Woodhouse, Wright, Wriothesley, the Wrothes, Wyat, Yaxley, Yeardley, the Zouches, and others. See Biogra^ phies. Proude, John, merchant-tailor, 303 ; Capt. William, 213, 974. Provincial, the (see Balthazar), .533. Provisions, supplies, etc., 168, 405, 406, 408, 493, 505, 608, 778, 797, 801. Al- lowance, 401 ; drink only water, 660 ; flesh, meat, pork, etc., 168, 408, 415, 648, 800; food, 479, 481; furniture (supplies), 462 ; goods, 492 ; magazines, 791), 932 ; oat meal, 409, 800 ; victuals, 335, 462, 485, 799, 800, 801. See Deer, Grocers' Company, Vension, etc. Prusey, Ambrose, 216, 974. Pruson, See Spruson. Prynn. See Pring. Public : lands, 873 ; purse, 40 ; record office, London, 115 ; stock, 37 ; weal, 38, 40. - _ Publications, temps Elizabeth, 24, 25 ; during 1606-1616. See Books, Broad- sides, Stationers' Company, Tracts, etc. Published by authority of the Council for Virginia, LXVIIL, LXX., LXXX., CXIV., CXV., CXL, CXLII., CXLVIII., CLXIV., CLXXL, CCX., CCLIII., CCCXLII., CCCLIIL, CCCLXII. Puckering, Sir John, 974 ; Sir Thomas, 637, 697, 734, 736, 900, 906, 939, 974, 999, 1014. Puebla, Dr. de , Spanish ambassador in England, 2. Puleston, Catherine, 1033 ; Roger, Esq., 546, 974, 1033. Purtis, John, 948. Purchas, Daniel, 974 ; Daniel, 974 ; George, 974 ; George, 974 ;■ John, 974 ; Martha, 974 ; Mary, 974 ; Sajuuel, 974 ; Saniuel, 974 ; Samuel, son of Rev. Sam- uel, 974, 981 ; Rev. Samuel, author, 933, 974, 975; his Pilgrim, 974, Pil grimage, 576, 577, 974, pilgrimes, 52, 64, 65, 76, 99, 127-139, 144, 145, 151- 169, 182, 197, 199, 328-332, 416, 417, 429-439, 457, 470, 477, 597, 598, 640- 044, 662, 676, 784, 827, 831, 864, 870, 891, 957, 968, 974, 981, 1030, 1032, 1035, 1052, 1054, Port., 491; Thomas, 974 ; William, 974. Purefoy, Nicholas, 804, 975, Puritans, 719, 723, 852, 862, 867, 875, 903, 993, 1006, 1050, 1058, 1067. Purleigh, Essex, 974, 975, 990. Purpillian, Hester (Huguenot), 852 ; Thomas, 852. Puttick and Simpson, 337- Pym, John, Esq. (one of " The Five Mem- bers"), 886, 981, 993. Pynson, printer, 859. Pyott (see Piggott), Richard, grocer, 257, 387, 388, 468, 547, 557, 591, 975. Quaritch, Mr., 7, 337, 428, 746, 1006. Quarles, Francis, poet, 975 ; John, 219, 975 ; John, 975. Queenborough, 631. Quentin, Father Jacques, French Jesuit, 698-700, 702. Quested, Thomas, fishmonger, 282. Quester, de. See Dequester. Quicke, William, grocer, 222, 468, 771, 975. Quinn, Walter, poet, 1026. Quuiga. See Zuuiga. " I. R.," 766. Radway, Richard, merchant-tailor, 304. Rainsford, Sir Henry, 797, 975, 976; Hercules, Esq., 975. Rainton, Mary, 976; Nicholas, 804, 976; Robert, 976. Ralegh, Raleigh, etc.. Sir Carew, 466, 544, 898, 976 ; Carew, 818, 977 ; Lady, 444, 853, 873, 937, 977; Margaret, 898; Mary, 991; Walter, the elder (father of Sir Walter), 880, 898 ; Sir Walter, author, etc., 9, 11, 13-15, 18- 24, 26, 27, 143, 186, 189, 201, 324, 332, 349, 357, 443, 444, 567, 672, 681, 693, 749, 774, 807, 811, 813, 818, 820, §21, 834,835, 841-843, 849, 851, 852, 856 873, 881, 884, 889, 897-902, 904, 905, 908-910, 912, 915, 917, 925, 928, 9:34- 937, 941, 950, 952, 953, 961, 967-969, 972, 976, 977, 990, 991, 1002, 1007, 1012, 1018, 1025, 1026, 1035, 1039, 1041, 1043, 1049, 1051, 1053, 1054, 1057, 1062, 1065, 1067, 1069, Port., 731. Ralegh's Colony, or Roanoke, 13-21 (30?), 185, 186, 189, 201, 260, 263, 299, 300, 323, 349, 672, 681, 693, 749, 793, 794, (802?), 1007, 1041, 1043; Roanoak, 16, 18, 19, 185, 190, 459, 846, 890, 905. 936, 976, 977, 1002, 1041, 1051, 1058. Croatan, 21, 189, 190, 459; Hatci- INDEX. 1127 rask, 19, 21, 4.')f); ould Virpiuia. 185, 1028 ; Port Fernando, -iVJ ; Port Lane, 459; Ralegh, city of, 19, 20; Trinity Harbour, 459 ; Woeocon, 459 ; Wyn- gandacoia, 13 ; Wyngandecora, 17. See North Carolina, Cavendish, Ferdinando, Grenville, Lane, Ralegh, Sidney, Wal- singham, John and William White, Benjamin Wood, etc. Ramea Island, 21, 23, 24. 931, 937. Ramirez, Capt. Uiego (Spaniard), G47, 977. Ramsden, Millicent, widow, 222, 977 ; Samuel, 97T. Ramsey, Mary, 984, 1058 ; Sir Thomas, 984 ; William, 984. Randolph, Randall, Catherine. 10o3 ; Ed- mond, 814 ; Edward, 7tj'» ; Martha, m:> ; Thomas, 1022 ; Vincent, 866, 1063. Rapier, William, 1.34. Rasawrock, 187. Rastel, John, stationer, 954 ; Judge Wil- liam, author, 880; M. (John, Jr. ?), 2; 880, 954. RatclifFe, Sir Alexander, 977 ; Dorothy, 978 ; Edraond, 977 ; Frances, 853 ; Sir Humphrey, 853 ; Sir John, 977 ; Sir John, 210, 628, 630, 803, 977.; Capt. John, 77,85, 108, 168, 182, 198, 2(i0, 201, 203, 213, 329, 334, 335, 341, 483, 485, 486, 786, 977, auto., 978, 1007, 1008; Margaret. 977; Thomas, 977; William, 977 ; Mrs. , 1045. Ravaillac, French assassin, 391. Ravens, Master Henry, 416, 1053. Ravenscrofte, William, Esq., 467, 546, 978. Ravis, Alice, 831 ; Bishop Thomas, a translator of the Bible, 242, 619, 831, 835, 978. Rawdon (see Rovdon), Marmaduke, 680, 988 ; Ralph, 988. Raymund, Mr. , 14. Reasons for raising a fund, etc , 36-42, 50. Reasons for plantation of Ireland, 325. Rebels, 46, 88-91, 101, 242, 255. Se United States of Holland, etc. Receipts from Virginia Company, 292, 391, 392, 496. Recorders (Archer, Seymour), vii. lieeords : See City Companies of London, Dover, East India Company, English State Papers, etc., French Documents, High Wycombe, London, Northampton County, Virginia, Parliament (Com- mons Journals). Russia Comp.any, Sand- wich, Spanish Documents, Trinity House, United States of Holland, etc. (Holland Documents), Virginia Com- panies, etc. Reeve, Jo , 896 ; Phebe, 896. Reformation. See under Protestantism. Register Booke, 464, 466. See Register, New England Historical and Genealogical, 826, 853, 856, 880, 931, 933, 961), 973, 989, 983, 987, 1030, 10.52, lOti.5. Register's office of Virginia, 64, 65. Keighnolds. Reynolds, etc. , a brewer, 22S; Heurv.'Esq., 214, 467,978; Hum- phrey, 804,' 078, 1004; John, 469, 547, 97>1 ; Richard, 219, 978; William, mer- chant-tiiilor, 304, 978. Relations, 79, 85, 99, 140, 141, 181-183, 203, .326, 428-139, 479-488, 562-568, 573, 576, 597-601, 706, 709-725, 746, 775-777, 790. Religion. See Protestantism and Roman- ism. Remarks on Spanish Documents, etc., 43- 45 ; on English Church, state, and trade, 250, 251, 255. Remembrancia, city of London, 773. Removing the Colony. See under Spain. Reports, 12.5-127, 143, 144, 183, 195, 393- 399, 426, 427, 511-522, 621, 622. Resolutions, 148, 446-451, 737- Revett, Mary, 885 ; Thomas, 885. Revolution 6i 1776, 63, 8-56, 863, 993. Revner, Elizabeth, 925 ; Sir William, 925. Rhode Island, 142. Ribault, Capt. Jean (Huguenot), author, etc., 4, 17, 908, 978. Rice's ref)rint of Capt. Smith's Works, 600. Rich, Charles, 979; Essex, 853, 979; Frances, 857 ; Sir Henry, Earl of Hol- land, author, etc. , .543, 862. 886. 979, 981, 1070, Port , 741 ; Isabella, 979, 980, 1014, 1015 ; Jane, 978 ; " The young Lady," 6.54; Lettice, 979; Lucy, 844; Margery, 978, 10lj4 ; Marv, 1063; Sir Nathaniel, author, 797, 886, 978, 979, auto, 980, 981, 982, 993, 1016, 1064, Penelope, 979 ; Penelope, 1045, 1046 ; Richard, first Baron, 978, 1063 ; Rich- ard, 927, 928. 978 ; Richard, of Lee, 978, 979, 1064 ; Robert, first Earl of W.ar- wick, 844, 853. 927, 928, 978-980, 1002, 1046 ; Robert, third Earl of Warwick, 848, 981 ; Robert, 978 ; Robert, poet, 225, 420, 422, 978, auto., 980, 1061 ; the grandson of the second Earl of Warwick, 981; Sir Robert, second Earl of Warwick, author, 543, 770, 790, 796, 797, 833, 847, 848, 857, 870, 885, 886, 902, 924, 943, 950, 958, 973, 979, 980-983, auto., 982, 987, 1004, 1014-1016, 1021, 1044, 1046, 1063, 1064, 1070, Port., 751. Richelieu, (French), 953. Richly valued, Virginia, 279, 280. Richmond, Earl and Duke of. — Ludovic Stuart. • Richmond Standard, 488, 498. Richmond, Virginia (.see the Falls), 600, 963. 1017. (Among the first English- men to see the falls were Archer. Fitch, Nelson, Newport, Percy, Jonas Poole, 1128 INDEX. John Smith, and Tyndall. See their biographies.) Richmond, England, 17, 26. Riddall, John, Esq.. 546. Rider's (John) Dictionary, 1040. Ridgeway, Sir Tliomas, 210, 983. Ridlesdon, Riddlesdon, Sir Steven, 212, 983. Ridley, M. , 2 ; Bishop Nicolas, the martyr, 82.5. Riganxl, Prof. (1832), 910. Riggs, W., 35. Riley (Ralegh ?), Mr. Walter, fishmonger, 281. Ritanoe, 185. Rivas, Ribas (Spaniard), 177, 180, 254. Rivers, Anne, 983 ; Capt. John, 16, 825, 983 ; Sir John, 825, 983. Rivers and streams in Virginia, 455, 507, 518, 519, 583, .586; Appomattox, Ap- matiiek, Appamatuck, etc , 160, 18'.), 830, 963 ; Back, 492 ; Chapokes Creek, 913 ; Charles, 1025 ; Chickahominy, " Southampton alias Chiekahomine," etc., 887, 971, 1063; Coosa, 1020; creeks, 507, 517 ; Cross (river of), 514 ; De Le Warr, 745, 877 ; fresh waters, 156; Hampton, Southampton, etc., 1063 ; Holy Cross, 533 ; Hudson's, 327, 3.58, 459, 745, 815, 877 ; James, '• the Kings," Powhatan's, "King James his River " (see James River) ; Kennebec, Kennebeck, Kinib^que, Sagadahoc (see Kennebec River) ; Lumber, 190 ; Mat- tapament, Mattapony, etc., 187 ; Mis- sissippi, 1020; Narragansett, 981; Neuse, 185, 190; North, 745; North- ward Rivers, 493 ; Pagan Creek, 186 ; Pamunkey, Powmunkey, Youghtanow, etc., 187, 188, 867 ; Payankatank, 187 ; Pemaquid, 25, .50 ; Penobscot, Peme- roget, Pentagoet, etc., 460, 533, 536, 664, 1040 ; Rappahannock, Pembroke, Penbroke, or '" The Queen's River," 641, 642, 644, 921, 947, 1025, 1034, CLVIII. ; Red, 1020; running We.st, 830; Roanoke, 185; Sago, 1039; St. Croix. Eschemanis, Etchemins, etc., 460, 533 ; St. John's, 533 ; South, 745 ; South- ampton, 490, 1063 ; Tahanock,460 ; Tar, 185 ; Tennessee, 1020 ; Warwick. 981 ; York, " The Prince's River," Prince Henrie his River (see maps, XL VI., CLVIII,), 188, 458, 971, 998, 1025. See Potomac and the maps. Rives, William Cabell, Esq. , xvi. Roanoak. See Ralegh's Colony. Roberts, Ellis, or Elias, merchant-tailor, 468, .547, 771, 909, 982, 983, 1034; Elias, Jr., 983; George. 4(58, 983; Henry, 136 ; Theodore (Tedder, or Tu- dor), 216, 983. Robins, Dorothv, 888; Edward, 983; George, vintner, 226, 771, 982, 983; Mary, 996 ; Obedience, 888, 983, 996, 1043 ; Richard, 804, 983. Robinson, Arthur, 218, 983, 984; Doro- thy, 910 ; Edward, merchant-tailor, 305; Henry, 217, 983; Henry, 983; Heni-y, 984 ; Humphrey, grocer, 687 ; Jane,'^984 ; Jehu, 214, 983, 1007 ; John, 222, 468, 984; John, gent., 547, 983, 984 ; John, merchant-tailor, 305, 984 ; John, 984; Rev. John, 1058; Martha, 984; Mrs. Mary, 984, 10.58; Robert, 218, 983. 984 ; Robert, 984 ; Susanna, 984; WiUiam, 910; William, 984; William, Pitt, xvi ; Mr. , 10.58. Robsart, Amy, 882. Robson, George, merchant-tailor, 304. Rochester, 180. Rochester, Earl of. — Robert Carr. Rochester, Earl of, 1054. Roe, Rowe, Anne. 814 ; Henry, 218, 981, 984; Sir Henrv, Jr., 981; Mary, 828, 985; Robert, 8^8, 984; Susanna, 950, 981 ; Sir Thomas, author, diplomat, etc., 93, 211, 232, 240, 318, 375, 4.54, 455, 768, 773, 774, 789, 814, 828, 834, 863, 887, 917, 956, 957, 970, 984, 985, auto., 986, 1014, 1042, 1066, Port., 771 ; William. 814, 984. Rogers, Edward, Esq., 94, 969, 986 ; Elizabeth, 984 ; Sir Richard, 984 ; Rich- ard, gent., 218, 468, 771, 986 ; Mr. , Jr., 982. Rogers' House of Alexander, 813. Rolfe, Elizabeth, 825; Elizabeth, 946; Elizabeth, 987 ; Eustacius, 986 ; Eiista- cius, Jr., 987 ; Francis, 986 ; Hannah, 937; Henry, 968; Henry, 804, 986; John, 986, 987 ; John, author, 206, 639, 730, 743, 746, 747, 751, 782, 787-790, 835, 770, 937, 967, 968, 986, 987, 1011, 1050; Mrs. John, 987; Thomas, 968; Thomas, 787, 986, 987. RoUe, Sir Henry, 876. Romanism : Catholic Church, 244, 266, 324, 375 ; Church of Rome, 351, .3-52 ; Papists, 271, 286, 290, 361, 366, 371, 61^;, 1029 ; Popish Church, 290, 1049 ; Roman Catholic religion, Romanism, or Church of Rome, v, xiii, xiv, 3, 7, 15, 236, 237, 699-729, 1055 (see Protestant- ism). See Popes of Rome. Auto da i6 in Mexico, 7; Catholics, 476, 736, 1037, 1055 ; Christian mind, 744 ; Contractation House at Seville, 133-139, 926 ; Florida, 17, 947 ; Friera, 129, 276, 291 ; the Galleys, 668 ; Gui- sians, 1039; His Holiness, 124; Holy Office, 7 ; Inquisition, 675 ; Italian forces, 124 ; massacre of St. Bartholo- mew, in France, 5, 1002, 1041 ; of the Huguenots, in Florida, 17, 947; of the French, in Br.azil, 768 ; monks, 276 ; the Pope, 119, 736, 103!); Poperie, 371, 374; Vera Cruz, 6, 7, 568, 793, 947. See Donation of Alexander VI., Jesuits, INDEX. 1129 Oaths, Objections, Objects, Papall Bulls, Rome, etc. See, also, Acquaviva, Alex- ander VI. , Tliomas Arundell of War- dour, Balthazar, Biard, Blasius, Conry, Lafuente, Masse, Paid V., Pius V., Sixtus v., the tSpanish officials, etc. Ptome, xvii, 2, 4, 123, 302, 314, 3G3, 475, 533, (ill, 698, 742. See, also, \inder Romanism. Romeny, Roniney, Rumney, Capt. , 212; 'Elizabeth, 987; Elizabeth, 1044; Rebecca, Lady, 388, 987 ; William, 987 ; Sir William. 60, 92, 212, 232, 240, 384, 406, auto., 987, 1045. Ronfer^, Ensig'n (French), 710. Roods (Roads, or Rhodes ?), William, 167. Rookwood, Capt. , 213. Roos, Lord, S.^l, 930, 938, 970. Roots of Virginia, 130, 194, 265, 314, 410, 482. See Commodities. Roper, Mistress, 941. Roscarrocke, Roscowe, William, Esq., 546, 987. Rosier, James, author, 26, 27, 35, 829, 988, 1009. Rosni, Marquis de (Sully) (French), 1003. Rotheram, Rotherham, Edward, 804, 988; Elizabeth, 9()3; George, 963. Route. See Passage to Virginia. Rovenson (Robenson ?), John, 657. Rovve (see Roe), John, merchant-tailor, 305. Rowley, William, dramatist, 1026. Royal : arms, 3J9 ; assent, 41, 42 ; Col- onies, 32, 42, 117, etc. (see England, New England, and Virginia) ; dock, 2, 32 ; Exchange, 767, 860 ; Historical MS. Commission Reports, 10, 14, 33, 105, 106, 496, 734, 769 ; Manuscript, 790. Rovdon, Rawdon, Capt, Marmaduke, 680, 988. RoYston, 357. Rudolph II. of Germany (1576-1612), 816, 817, 965, 1000, 1002, 1007. Ruggle, George, dramatist, 824. Rupert, Prince of Bavaria (grandson of James I.). 903. Russell, Lady Anne, 1045, 1046 ; Edward, Earl of Bedford, .542, 912, 915, 988; Franci.-j, Earl of Bedford, 855, 881, 9S8 ; James, 216 ; John, 218,988 ; John, Earl of Bedford, 839 ; Margaret, Countess of Cumberland, .542, 855, auto., 988, 992, Port., 791 ; Sir Thomas, 992; Dr. Walter, OlK), 601, 988; William of Sur- rey, 988; Sir William. 1033. 1055; William of Virginia, 487, 988; Sir William, merchant, etc., 215, 388, 468, 574, 854, 942, 988, 989 ; Mr. , 14. See Lucy Harrington. Russia, or" Muscovy, 125, 202, 666, 825, 832, 852, 853, 8.59, 929, 948, 988, 1012, 1917, 1027, 1032, 1057. Archangel, 956, 1012 ; Dwina River, 83, 956 (see North-E;ust Discovery, etc.); St. Nicholas, 951); Tanis (Don rises in Lake Ivan, which also sends a tributary to the Volga) Kiver, 8-3 ; Volga, 83, 956 ; White, or Polonian Sea, 83, 124, 839, 859, 1012. Ru.ssia, or Muscovy Company, the first English company organized for discov- ery, was at first called " The Mysterie and Companie of the Merchant Ad- venturers for discoverie of Regions . . . unknown" (p. 3); afterwards "The Fellow-ship of English Merchants for Discovery of New Trades (p. 5) ; and finally, " The Russia, or Muscovy Com- pany," 3, 5, 6, 8, 1 1, 14, 23, 64, 77, 178, 260, 388, 574, 589, {)09, 610, (531, (KiO, ()77, (i80, 767, 859, 860. (The records of this company were most unfortu- nately burnt, together with their Lon- don offices, in the great fire of 1066.) See the Barneses, Bolles, Bond, the Boroughs, Cabot, Carleill, Castelin, Chaloner, CheiTy, Cocke, Cope, Digges, Gerrard, Sir J. Hart. Sir R. liayward, the Hudsons, Joseph, Ijeate, Maj'e, Merrick, liomney. Sir W. Russell, Slany, Sir Thomas Smith, Sir J. Spen- cer, Stapers, James I., Towerson, Tra- descant. Sir H. Weld, and Sir John Wolstenholme. Rutland, Earl of. See Manners. Rymell, Hugh, merchant-tailor, 304. " S S " 767 "W. S.," 568, 600, 601 (Shakespeare, Stansby, Strachey, Symonds, etc.). Sabin, Joseph, 242. Sabine's American fisheries, 25. Sabino, 191, 193. Sable I., 12. "Sacharissa," 1003, 1004, 1017. Sackville, Edward, Esq., 542, 896, 934, 941, 989, 1016, Port., 801; Richard, Earl of Dorset, 209, 8.55, 920, 941, 9S8, 989, Port., 811; Thomas, Earl of Dor- set, dramatist, etc., vii, 811, 849, 989, 1067. Sad, Stephen, 804. Sagadahoc Relation, 140, 141, Sagadahoc River. See Kennebec. Sainsbury, W. Noel, Esq., xvii. See Cal- endars. Saint Albans, 1st Earl of, 937. Saint Albans, Viscount. — Francis Ba- con. Saint Aldegonde, author, reformer, 14, 989. Saint Barbe, Henry, 1041 ; Ursula, 1041. Saint John, Anne, 989; John, 224; Sir John, 467, 543, 628, 630, 803, 989, 1038; Capt. Nicholas, 128; Oliver, 977, 980, 999, 1038 ; Sir Oliver, 837 ; Master Thomas, 133, 134, 137; Sir 1130 INDEX. William. 211, 467, 549, 943, 980, 989, 1004. Saint Leger, St. Leiger, Anne, 878, 880, 990; Anthony, 990, 997; John, 990; Sir John, 905 ; Mary, 990 ; Mary, 905 ; Ursula, 990; Sir Warham, 880, 990; Sir Warham, 543, 919, 974, 990, 997, 1011. Saint Loe, Sir William, 847. Saint Paule, Sir George, 979. Saint George's Bank, 460 ; Saint George's Fort, 140, 146, 188, 190-194, 535, 969; Saint George's Island, 191, 460 ; Saint Ives, 138 ; Saint Louis, 81 ; Saint Ma- ries Bay. See Chesapeake ; Saint Paul's Church, London. See Paule 's. Sales, William, merchant, 304. Salinas, Marques de (Spaniard), 513, 522, 990. Salisbury, Earls of. — Robert and Wil- liam Cecil. Salisbury, England, 111, 116, 117. Salisbury, present Marquis of, 145. Salmon, Christopher, 221 ; E. ., 36, 566. Salt, 644, 703, 718, 800, 801 ; cellar, 590- 592; cellar by Cellini, 909; fish, 268 (see Fish) ; kerned, 644 ; makers, 353, 356, 470 ; ponds, 644 ; sea, 793 ; stones, 185 ; water (turning of), 186, 201. Salter's Company, of London, 226, 250, 813, 857, 867, 877. Salter, Anne. 912, 991 ; Edward, Esq., 54(5, 990, 991 ; Nicholas, Esq., 216, 467, 574, 912, 991. Salterne, Robert, 26. Saltonstall, Elizabeth, 1064 ; Hester, 949 ; Sir Richard, 949, 1064; Sir Richard, 981 ; Sir Samuel, 545, 991. Salva Terra, of Victoria, in Spain, 897. Sambach, William, 217, 991. Samms, George, gent , 547, 991 ; Sir Ge- rard, 991 ; John, Esq., 991 ; Sir John, 466, 544, 549, 991. Sampson, Samson, John, 16, 18, 20. "Sampson," 781, 1008. Samuel (a Dutchman), 487, 488. Sanchez (Spaniard), 816, 900. Sanderson, Richard, fishmonger, 282 ; William, 13, 20, 991. Sandoval. See Lerma. Sandwich, England, 147, 461-470, 547, 555, 723, 724. Sandy (see Napier), Robert, grocer, 257, 387, 388, 557, 888, 955, 991. Sandys, Anne, 825, 992; Anne, 876; Anne, 1049 ; Catherine, 994 ; Dorothy, 934 ; Archbishop Edwin, author, re- former, etc., 81S, 99]-99() ; Sir Edwin, of Latimer's, 934 ; Sir Edwin, son of Sir Samuel, 995 ; Sir Edwin, author, etc., vii, 47, 93, 122, 207, 211, 232, 240, 461, 402, 465, 466, 530, 540, 546, 555, 748, 755, 756, 770, 796, 810, 821, 824, 825, 829, 835, 847, 873, 874, 891, 895, 906, 918, 934, 958, 959, 966, 980, 981, 983, 991, 992, auto, 994, 995, 1039, 1054, 1058, 1059. 1062, 1063 ; Edwin, Esq., son of Sir Edwin, 546, 994 ; Eliz- abeth, 1054; George, gent., 219, 994; George, Esq., poet, etc., 546, 989, 992, 994r, 995, 1032, 1063, Port., 821 ; Hen- ry, Esq., 214, 992, 995 ; Henry, son of Sir Edwin, 546, 994, 995 ; Margaret, 818, 992 ; Miles, 992 ; Miles, Esq., 992 ; Sir Richard, 876 ; Richard, son of Sir Edwin. 214, 9'.;4. 995; Robert, 996; Samuel, Esq., 995; Sir Samuel, 211, 466, .549, 770, 991, 993, 995, 996, 1049 ; Thomas, Esq., 214, 992, 996; William, Lord Sandes, 992 ; William, 992 ; Miss , 991. Sandys. See Sondes, 1020. Sanford, Master , stationer, 781. Sanger, Timo., 35. "San Nicholas," 393, .394. "Sans," William, 177. Santy, Thomas, merchant-tailor, 305. Sarmiento. See Gondomar. Sarsaparilla, 385. Sasacomett, 114. See Assacomoit. Sassafras, 87, 107, 164, 166, 195, 265, 363, 384, 425, 520, 587, 783, 789. Saunders, Lawrence, the martyr, 854; Robert, merchant-tailor, 304. Saussaye, Capt. , La (French), 689, 710, 713-715, 717, 718, 724, 725, 732. Savage, Ann, 996 ; Grace, 996 ; John, 996 ; Nathaniel Littleton, 996 ; Susan- na, 996; Thomas, 996; Thomas, 226, 485, 487, 993 ; Sir William, 1045. Savages. See Native Inhabitants. Savage towns, 162, 330. Savile, Sir Henry, author, etc., 845, 872. Savoy, 593, 665, 1025, 1050 ; ambassador, 666 ; Duke of, Charles Emmanuel I. (1580-1630), 829, 885, 977, 980. Sawyer's (Edmond) " Winwood Memo- rials," 440, 526. Saxsey, Auditor, , 991. Saybrook, 906. Saye and Sele, See Fiennes. Sayer. See Seyer. Scarnafissi of Savoy, 884, 885, 977, 980. Scarpe, John, gent., 226, 996. Schouten, William Cornelison (Dutch), 101,5. Scituate, Mass., 1036. Scotch, Scots, Scottish, 31, 119, 276, 607, 609, 1026 (see Biographies) ; Scotch- English and Scotch-Irish, 860; Scot- land, 768. Scott, Anthony, 417, 997 ; Catherine, 997 ; Charles, 891, 892, 99(5 ; Deborah, 892 ; Dorothy, 802 ; Edmund, author, 548, 771, 997 ; Mrs. Elizabeth, 467, 542, 997; Elizabeth, 954; Elizabeth, 997, 101 1 ; Emeline, 8S4, 997 ; George. 218, 468, 590, 594, 748, 771, 997 ; Sir John, INDEX. 131 93, 210, 232, 46G, S14. 822, 919. 996, 997, 1012, 101:3, Port.,S:][ ; Capt. John, 954; Mary, 814, 9U(), 1011 ; Mary. 990, 997 ; Sir Reg-inald, 814,81.5, 990 ; Rich- ard, 919, 997 ; Sir Thomas, 8S4, 996, 997, 1011; Sir Thomas, 990; Thomas, gent., 228, 4U8, 990, 997 ; Thomas of Sevenock, 997 ; Sir Walter, S07, 942. Scott Pedigree, extract from, 996, 997. Scrivener, John, 998; Matthew, gent, 125, 216, 978, 998, 1007. Scroope, Master , 16. Scrope, Lord, 958. Scudamore, Sir James, 466, 54.3, 998, 1081; Sir John ("Sir Seudamore '"), 998; Sir John, 803, 8l)4, 874, 998; Mrs. , 1045. Scudder, Mr. Horace E., xvi. Scull, G. D., 438 ; his Erelyns in America, quoted. 440, 888. Seabright, Sebright, Edward, the elder, 9!)8; Edward, Sm-, Sarah, 866, 998; Solo., 453, 454; William, Esq., 214, 998 Seal of the Va. Co., etc., 56, 57, 76, 343, 4IJ7, 453, 4.54, 496, 690, 731, 761, 779, S14. Seale Ring, 557 ; Seale Rock, 435, 436 ; Scales, 435. Seaman (see Seymour), Jlr. , vii, 192. Sears. See Seyer. Seas. See Atlantic and Pacific Oceans. Sebastian, King of Portugal (1557-1578) [supposed to be still living?], 1024. Seckford, Sir Henry, 211, 998. Secretary of the Va. Co., viii, ix, 237- See R. Atkinson, Edward Maye, or Mayo, and H. Fotherby. Sedan (see Tindall), Thomas, .330. Seed planted at Jamestown, the, xv, 352, 637, 821. Seeds, 410, 491, 492, .587, 776. Seely (see Ceely), Capt. Thomas, 16, 998. Segar, William, lOOS. Selden, John, author, 31, 803, 904, 919, ^ 932, 945, 993. 998. Port., 841. Semer (see Seymour), 1028. Senyor, Robert, merchant-tailor, 304. Sermons, v, 192, 255, 256, 2.58, 259, 282- 291, 293-302, 312-316, 360-375, 407, 491, 579-588, 880. Servants, 550, 759, 805, 10-34. Seton, Mr. . stationer, 292. Seville, SiviUe (Spain), 114, 129, 133- 139, 440, 523, 539, 577, 592, 609, 635 648. Sever, Sears, etc.. Sir George, 998 Thomas, gent., 228. 998. Seymour, Sir Edward. 94, 576, 998. 999 Sir Edward. 998. 999. 1051 ; Edward Earl of Hertford, 102S, 1046; R Richard, vii, 102, 192,999. Shackenburg, Helena (a Swede), 901, 966, 1045, 104(i. Shacley, William, haberdasher, 223, 999. Shah Abbas I , of Persia (1582-1628), y85, lOUO. Shah Jehan, Great Mogul of India (1605- 1627), 985. Shakespeare, John, 891 ; William, dra- matist, 23, 32, 416, 508, 637, 807, 818, Sl'1, 822, 830, 836, 837, 881, 885, 891, 901, 906, 920-922, 992, 999, 1061, 1062- Shanois, Chanoyes, 785, 853. Shareholders in Virginia, 549, 550, 774, 777-779 (see Land-owners) ; shares of land in Virginia, 549, 550, 774, 777- 779. Sharpe, Dr. Leonel, 1025 ; WiUiam, 225, 999 ; Lieut. , 782._ Sharpless, Thomas, 570, 571. Shea, Dr. J G., 326, 947. Sheffield, Edmund Lord, 209, 231, 379, 692, 696, 943, auto., 999, Port, 851 ; Elizabeth, 999; Frances, 999; John, second Baron, 999 ; Sir John, 999 ; Marv, 999. Sheldon, Mrs. Margaret, 992 ; Philippa, 818 Shelley, Henry, 223, 1000; Judith, 1000; Mary, 1000 ; Walter, 804, 1000. Shelton. Capt. , 212 ; Sir Raphe, 467, 544, 1000. Shepard, Sheppard, Anne, 890 ; Matthew, grocer, 325, 468, 771, 1000; Matthew, Jr., 1000; Rev. Richard, 223, 1000; Thomas, 1030. Sherewood, John, 1035. Sherley, Shirley, Sir Anthony, 24, 104, 105, 116, 244, 1000, 1001, 1048; Ce- cilia, 1001, 1048; Eleanor, 834; Marv, 1031 ; Ralph, 834 ; Sir Robert, 1st Eail of Ferrers, 1001 ; Sir Robert, diplomat, etc., 500, 750, 957, 1000, 1001, 104*^ ; Sir Thomas, 105, 116, 466. 1000, 1001 1031, 1045, 1046, 1048; Sir Thomas, Jr., 1001, 1048. Sherley, or Shirley, Hundred, Va., 782, 873, 1047. SherweU, Sherwin, Nicholas, 804, 1001; Thomas, 803, 804, 1001 ; Thomas, 822, 1001. ShUds, Shields, Thomas, of London, 547. Shingleton. See Singleton. Shipley, Hugh, gent., 223. Shipman, W., 772. Ships, 37. 38, 40, 251, 2.59, 265, 269, 317, 340, 398, 496, 520, 523. 640, 644, 775, 778-780, 859, 908, 951, 1033; in Vir- ginia, 1603, or 1606 (?), 188 ; arrived from Virginia, 569, 570, 572, 577, 578 ; sent to Virginia. 608 (see Voyages) ; ship-timber (see Timber and ilasts) ; ship-building, 268, 398, 443, 452, 456, 650, 661, 966; carpenters, 398, 469;. wreck, 448; wrights, 248, 271, 353, •355, 445, 469, 96(i ; stores (see under Commodities, Cordage. Pitch, and Tar). See LVIIL. and Visseher"s London. Abigail, 887, 1011; Black Hodge, 1132 INDEX. 831 ; Blessing, 328-330, 403, 413, 418, 425, 455, 103(j ; Dainty, 393, 428, 455 ; De la Warr, 402, 413 ; Deliverance, 406, 423, 640 ; Diamond, 329, 331,333 ; Discoverer, 76, 85 ; Discovery (two or more ?), 76, 85, 388, 4U6, 408, 493, 556, 970 ; Edwin, 680, 682, 684, 823, 824, 943 ; Elizabeth, 497, 578, 653, 655, 659, 660, 675, 689, 724 ; Falcon, 329, 330 ; Flushing (man-of-war), 885, 980; Fly- ing Horse of Fhishing, 772 ; " Frigat," 642, 644; George, 774; Gift of God, 102, 121, 144, 145, 191 ; Godspeed, 76, 85; Golden Hind, 12, 32, 915; Good- speed, 76, 85 ; Grace of God (French), 475, 815 ; Halfe Moone (Dutch), 327, 358; Hector (?), 440; Hercules, 403, 404, 418, 425, 439-441, 455, 488, 489 ; Hope (E. I.), 957 ; John and Francis, 118, 121, 124, 175, 528, 538, 554, 557, 577, 578, 941 ; La Prime (French), 726, 728; Lion, 329, 330; Madre de Dios (Spanish), 22, 956 ; Sir R. Mansfield's ship, 640 ; Margaret and John, 830, 831 ; Margaret, of Bristol, 1(;60 ; Mar- get, 138 ; Martha, 621, 058, 661 ; Mary- flowre, 931, 1052 ; Mary and John, 102, 121, 140, 141, 144, 191, 193 ; Mary and Margaret, 178, 904; "Mateo," 682, 684; Mayflower, 8.';5, 8(.2, 902, 905, 943 ; Neptune, 962 ; Patience, 406,408, 423, 429, 473, 1042 ; " Peter of Sivill " (Spanish), 132; Phoenix, 27, 118, 121, 124, 125, 174, 178, 180, 972; Planta- tion (Spanish phantom ship), 512-516; Plough, 557, 589 ; Prosperous, 497 ; Providence, 855 ; Resolution, 556 ; Richard, 127, 758; Santo Antonio (Spanish), 9C0 ; Sarah, 554, 557, 578 ; Sarah Constant, 76, 85 ; Sea Adventure, or Sea Venture, 328, 329,331-334, 400, 401, 422, 520 (see The Tempest); Searchthrift, 839 ; Silver Falcon, 1066 ; Speedwell, 972 ; Squirrel, 12 ; Star, 532, 682; Supply, 1032; Susan, 790; Susan Constant, 76, 85 ; Swallow, 329, 331, 392, 393, 1047 ; Temperance, 1024 ; Thomas, 081), 6S2, 684 ; Tiger (Levant), 885 ; Tiger (E. I.), 949 ; Tobacco Pipe (a carvell), 813 ; Treasurer, 528, 573, 664, 741, 745, 782, 815, 816, 885, 886, 968,980,987; Trial, 570, 648; Unity, 329, 330, 4S4 ; Virginia, 192-194, 197, 329, 331, 404, 406 ; Welcome, 767. See Naval Affairs, etc Shipton, Thomas, 215, 1001; Thomas, 220. Shirley. See Sherley. Shoals in the ocean, 157, 437, 4.38, 459, 460, 514, 519, 793, 970. See Atlan- tic. Shoemakers', or Cordwavners', Company, of London, 227, S24,\834, 858; shoe- makers sent to Virginia, 248, 445, 470. Shops. See under Stationers' Company. Short collection, etc., 874, 1057 ; short- hand, 692-696. Short, John, 390 ; William, merchant- tailor, 305. Shortis, SibbeU, 1054. Shrewsbury, Earls of. — George and Gil- bert Talbot. Sicklemore, Master Michael, 186, 1001. Sicklemore. See Capt. John Rateliffe. Sidney, Algernon, author, 965, 1003 ; Bar- bara, 1004 ; Catharine, 1004 ; Dorothy, 1003, 1017; Sir Henry, author, 889, 897, 905, 920, V»21, 1001, 1003 ; Henry, author, 1003 ; Henry, 1003 ; Lucy, 912, 1001 ; Madame Mary, 1001 ; Mary, Countess of Pembroke (see Herbert), "Sidney's sister," 5, 8, 542, 920-122, 1001, 1045, 1046, Port., 861 ; Mary, 1004, 1064; Sir Philip, poet, author, etc., 5, 14-16, 832, 834, 845, 877, 905, 906, 908, 912, 979, 1001, 1002, 1003, 1041, 1045, 1046, Port, 871 ; Philip, 1003; PhiUippa, 1004; Robert, Vis- count Lisle, poet, 209, i;31, 318, 379, 465, 910, 943, 965, 1001, 1003. 1004, 1017, 1064, Port., 881 ; Sir Robert, 1003; Robert, 10C3; Thoma,s, Esq., 899; 8ir Thomas, 1001; Thomasin, 899; William, 1003; William, 912, 1001; "the Sidneys," 812. Sigismund HI., of Poland (1587-1632), 965, 985. Sigismimd. See Bathori. Signs. See Stationers' Company. Silk, 268, 313, 800, 1012 ; dressers, .353 ; grass (or camack's flax), 349, 385, 504 ; worms, 265, 663, 689, 1022. See Mer- cers' Company of London. Sillery, Saint Joseph de, 945. Sillery, Nicolas Brulart de. Marquis (1544-1624), French diplomat. 1037- SUver, 58, 113, 160, 244, 246, 268, 280, 357, 395, 456, 521, 634, 638, 647, 950 ; mines, 950, 1040; ore, 584, 977, 981, 1012. See Mineral Kingdom of Vir- ginia, and Goldsmiths' Comjiany, of London. Simancas, Documents from the Archives of. See Spanish Documents. Simmons, Richard, 168. "Simons, old " (see Symonds), 655. Singleton, Robert, 215, 468, 1004. Sirley. See Sherley. Sislev. Thomas, 8l4. Sixtus V. (Pope 1585-1.590), 19. Skelton, James, 224 ; Master William, 680. Skettwarroes (Indian), 50. Skillicorne. Sir John, 931 ; Lucy, 931. Skinners' Company, of London, dealers in furs, etc., 226, 250, 834, 856, 857, 865, 875, 890, 949, 1012, 1017, 1064. Slany. Anne, 938 ; Dorothy, 1004 ; Eliza- beth, 93^ ; Humphrey, 390, 9S2. 990, 1004; John, 1004; John, 390, 1004; \ INDEX. 1133 Mary, 846 ; Richard, 846 ; Stephen, 11, 869, ',«8, 1U04. Slaughter, Rev. Pliilip, xvi. Slingesby, Capt. , 21^. Sloaue MS., 562, 5()5-.J67, 1051. Slone, John, 822 ; Margaret, 822. Smaley, Capt. , 782. Smalhuan, Francis, gent., 547, 1004. Srnartfete, Thomas, tishraonger, 2S1. Smijth (see Sir William Smith, of Essex), 1018. Smith, Smythe, Alice, 913, 1012 ; Alice, 1006; Andrew, 1012; Anne, 929; Buckingham, 326 ; Catherine, 907,919, 997, 1012, 1013; Cleophas, 216, 469, 771, 1004; Edmund, 220, 1004; Ed- ward, haberdasher, 228, 1004 ; Eliza- beth, 8S9, 1012 ; Elizabeth, 1011 ; Eliza- beth, 956 ; Ezekiel, 225 ; Frances, 908 ; Frances, 912; Francis, Esq., 893; George, 1006 ; Geoi-ge, grocer, 771, 982, 1004; Henry, 1012; Sir Hugh, 901 ; Humfrey, of London, 469, 547, 914, 1004; James, 912; Jane, 1012; Joan, 836, 913 ; John, of Corsham, 1011 ; Sir John, 953 ; John, 101 1 ; John, 929 ; John, Esq., son of Sir Tliomas, 546,979, 98l), 1004, 1014, 1015, 1017; Sir John, brother of Sir Thomas, 211, 956,1004, 1005, 1012, 1070; John, of Nibley, author, .547, 623, 628, (J.iO, 797, 828, 985, 1005, 1006, 1008, 1031, 1059, 1060; Capt. John, author, 77, 108, 152, 178, 214, 319, 327, 328, 330-334, 342, 344, 397, 484, 620, 689, 736, 749, 751, 752, 769, 770, 784, 786-788, 814, 820, 827, 853, 863, 884, 8S8, 894, 940, 941, 944, 950, 964, 965, 967, 968, 971, 975, 978, 991, 1005, 1006-1010, auto., 1010, 1013, 1028, 1030, 1032, 1042-1044, 1047, 1048, 1051, 1056, Port, 891 ; Jon- athan, 804, 1010; Margaret, 920, IDIS; Margaret, 1011; Martha, 984; Mary, 1012; Mary, 1011 ; Nicholas, merchant- tailor, 305 ; Noah, merchant-tailor, 304 ; Othowell, fishmonger, 217, 280, 1010; Philip, Viscount Strangford, 1004 ; Richard, 222, 1010; Sir Richard, 545, 770, 997, 1010, 1011, 1012; Robert, 1003, 1017; Robert, 1012; Robert, merchant-tailor, 222, 771, 982, auto., 1011 ; Capt. Roger, 987, 1011 ; Samuel, 224 ; Lady Sarah, 997, 1004, 1013, 1017 ; Sir Sidney Stafford, 1003, 1017 ; Simon, 1012 ; Thomas, Viscount Strangford, 1004, 1005 ; Thomas, 984 ; Mr. Customer Thomas, 2U, 771, 913, 919, 92.5, 977, 9.(7, 1011, 1012; Sir Thomas, 25, 47, 49, 57, 64-66, 92, 115, 124, 128, 173, 179, 210, 231, 232, 240, 242,248, 260, 292, 303, 308-310, 318, 326, 336, 337. 3.56, 373, 384, 388, 3^9, 391, 427, 439, 445, 452, 454, 464-466, 471, 477, 496, 529, 530, 538, 539, 546, 557, 558, 560, 561, 571, 574, 578, 617, 621, 626, 627, 639,641,652,661,677, 684, 689, 690, 746,748,751,755,756, 760, 76. J, 764, 767, 770, 776, 778, 81o, 820, 8:^2, 824, 833, 839, 844, 852, 860, ■ 861,868,878,889,900, 907, 913, 914, 925, 932, 943, 950, 955, 956, 9()8, 977, 97!», 980, 982, 985, 988, 993, 997, 1003, 1004, 1010, 1011, 1013-1018, auto., 1018, 1043, 1057-1065, 1070, i'ori., 901 ; Sir Thomas (died 1577), author, 1018, 1056 ; Sir Thomas, clerk of the Coun- cil, author, 93, 122, 851, 920, 1018 ; Thomas, son of Sir Thomas, 546, 1017, 1018; Ursula, 1012; Ursula, 103 J ; Warren, 771 ; William, 908; >sir Wil- liam, of London, 4()ti, 804 (89ii), 1018; Sir William, of llill Hall, Essex, 545, 1018; William (Thomas".'), 176; Mr. , stationer, 293. Smith s Hundred, 984, 1000, 1015, 1063 ; Island, 641, 1013, CLVIIL Smith's (Capt. John) Works : True Rela- tion, 178, 181-189 ; letter from Gen- eral History, 178, 199-204, 784; Ox- ford Tracts and Virginia Maps, 199, 459, 461, 596-601, 620, 749, 751, 752, 780, 781, 1007-1009, 1025, 1030; New England and Map, 780-782, 1008, 1025 ; letter from General History, 783-788 ; General Plistory, x, 48, 49", 169, 170, 178, 188, 192, 199-204, 206, 338, 461, 477, 598-601, 765, 783-788, 828, 831, 964, 965, 1008-1010, 1028, 1030, 1051 (see, also, the personal references to Cai)t. Smith in the Biographies) ; Ad- vertisements, etc., 206, 823, 1009; Works (all of them), 1007-1010. Snead, Thomas, 219. Snedale, Hugh, 991 ; Margaret, 991. Soame, Soane, Joseph, 222, 1018 ; Sir Stephen, grocer, 210, 387,388,557,591, 1018 ; Tliomas, 1018. Soap (or Sope) ashe-men, .353 ; ashes, 202, 205, 239, 268, 314, 317, 340, 349, 363, 395, 800 ; ashes trees, 587. Society of Antiquaries of London, xvii, 356, 439, 445, 608, 765, 911, 1022. Soda, Anthony, grocer, 257, 387, 389, 558, 591, 687, 1018. Soil of Virginia, 86, 107, 110, 113, 121, 161, 175, 176, 265, 268, 481, 494, .502, 521, 584, 648. 661, 672, 776, 794; fer- tile, 4.55, 481, 775. Soldiers, Souldiers, 203, 310, 627, 649, 805. Somers, Sir George, 24, 46, 52, 53, 58-60, 62, 63, 192, 211, 320, 328, 329, 334, .345, 354, 359, 360, 400, 402, 404, 406, 408, 415, 419, 424, 429, 431-434, 463, 473, 484, 537, 616, 617, 620, 749, 750, 752- 754, 821, 892, 9.53, 971, 972. 1018, auto., 1019, 1042, Port., i>ll ; Johanna, 1019; Master Matthew, 329, 473, 1019, 1042, 1043; Nicholas, 1019; "Earl Somers," 1018. 1134 INDEX. Somers Island. See Bermudas. Somerset, Duke of, 998 ; Edward, Earl of Worcester, oUO, 677, ^ ; Sir Lew- is, 1023; Capt. Thomas, 4, 1023, 1024; Sir Thomas, 544, 1023 ; Mr. , 14. Stile, Style, Styles, etc, Humphrey, gro- cer, 224, 1024 ; Sir Humphrey," 1024 ; Nicholas, 387, 557. 5;:)1, ijS6, 1024; Thomas, 4()i), 1024 ; Mr. , 982. Still, Elizabeth, 884 ; Bishop John, 884. Stint, Joane, 887. Stith's History of Virginia, x, 52, 79, 132, 208, 540, 541, .548, 640, 812, 824, 875, 928, 932, 934, 940, 944, 951, 980, 982, 983, 1048, 1064. Stock, joint, public, or common, xiv, 32, 37, 38, 40, 71, 273, 317, 800. Stocken, Stoickden (Stockton ?), John, 225, 548. Stoddard, Sir Nicholas, 545, 1024. Stokelev, Stocklev, John, merchaut-tailor, 226, 300, 4()S, l"!;24. Stokes, John, fishmonger, 21.5, 280, 1024 ; Thomas, 8(J4, 1024. Stonard (see Stannard), Francis, 1063; Susan, 106.3. Stone, George, 804, 1024 ; Nicholas, 841, 1058 ; Simon, 390 ; William, 2J ; Wil- liam, 574, 1024 ; William, 133. Stoneman, James, 1.37 ; John, author, 27, 127, 128, 133, 137. Stoughton, Mr. and Mrs., 440, 441. Stourton, Ursula, 855 ; William, Lord, 855. Stowe, John, author, 251, 461, 474, 568, 748, 756, 825, 8.58, 800, 928, 936, 1023. Strachey, William, author, 47, 140, 141, 185, 192, 194, 197, 225,244, 400, 407, 413, 416, 417, 457, 401, .529, .530, 562, .56.5-568, 820, 967, 9S7, auto., 1024; William, 1024. Stradling, Sir Edward, 90^; Jane, 968; Francis, 1024; Mr John, autiior, 543, 802, 1024 ; Lamarock, Esq., 546. Strafford. Earl of — Thomas Wentworth. Strange, John, 830; Lady, 835. Strangford (Smythe), Lord, 1004 ; eighth Viscount, 1018 ; Philip, Viscount, 1004; Thomas. Vi.scount, 1004, 1005. Stratford (see Stafford), Richard, 468, 1024. Strawberries, 157, 162, 164, 176, 425. Streete, Elizabeth, 9-59; Humphrey, mer- chant-tailor, 307, 959; John, 223; William, 26. Strickland's Queens of England, 1062, 1065. Strode, Mary, 8-54 ; William, one of " the five membei-s," 1024; Sir William, 545, 854. 1024, Sti'ong, Richard, 23. Strongai-m, Armstrong, Richard, 216, 1024. Strutt, Robert, .548. Stryckeland, Henry, 950. Strype's Stow's London, 824, 867. Stuart, Queen Anne, 117, 120, 179,443, 444, 537, 784, 785, 787, 788, 860, 876, 888, 892, iUl, 1000, 1003, 1013, 1024, 1025, 1026, 1067, Port., 931; Arabel-' la, 834 ; Prince Charles (Charles I., 1625-1649), 565, 657, 660, 748, 781, 812, 821, 848, 852, 853, 864, 865, 867, 874, 877, 879, 899, 908, 915, 917, 920, 932, 934, 940, 941, 950, 966, 967, 972, 979, 986, 988, 989, 994, 995, 1004, 1011, 1025, 1032, 1036, 1039, 1042, 1048, 1056, 1059, 1063-1065, Port., 941 ; Charles II. (1649 or 166iJ-1685), 865, 920, 981 ; Princess Elizabeth, .556, 004, 606, 912, 966, 967, 1025, 1067, Port., 951; Piince Henry, 104, 108, 109,246, 323, 367, 399, 446-448, 457, 5.54, .556, 562, 565, 574, 583, 593-595, 636, 660, 781, 834, 836, 837, 848, 8.52, 860, 86-3, 868-870, 873, 878, 880, 907, 912, 925, 935, 936, 953, 955, 961, 966, 972, 978, 979, 985, 1000, 1013, 1023, 1025, 1026, 1029, 1061, Port., 961 ; King James, of Scotland (1567-1625), and of England (1603-1625), 26-28, 31-33, 41-43, 46- 85, 88-95, 98, 100, 102, 103, 109, 116- 123, 131, 145, 147, 164, 180, 193, 207, 208, 244, 245, 247, 2.55, 256, 261, 267, 272-274, 286, 310, 314, 316, 340, 350, 356, 357, 367, 372, 395, 398, 443, 444, 446-451, 457, 465, 477, 497, 507, 520, 523-525, 527, 531, 5:34, 540, 542, 555. 556, 569-571, 577, 588, 589, 593, 594, 596, 603, 606, 609, 611, 622-625, 632, 63(W338. 645, 656-662, 664, 665, 667- 669, 674,677,679,680, 683, 686, 689, 693, 697, 718, 723, 731-733, 735, 737- 739, 748, 749, 755, 756, 772, 783, 789, 790, 811, 812, 818, 821, 826, 842-844, 846-850, 858, 867, 868, 870-873, 909, 1138 INDEX. 920, 930, 932, 938, 943-946, 951-955, 959, 901, 969-972, 977, 980, 985-988, 992-994, 999, 1000, 1003, 1013, 1015- 1017, 1021, 1022, 1024, 1026, 1027, 1029, 1037, 1043, 1048, 1050, 1051, 1057, 1062-1069, Port, frontispiece to vol. i. ; Sir James, 1049 ; Ludovie, Duke of Lenox, 90, 686, 930, 1027, 1028; Mary, Queen of Scots (1542- 1567), 855, 882, 915, 916, 927,928, 960, 970, 1026, 1030, 1041, 1061 ; the Lady Mary, 120. Stubbs, Mr. , 940. Stuckley. See Stewkley. Studley, Amv, 911; Thomas, 167, 598, 600, 601, 911, 1028; Thomas, 911. Stukely. See Stewkley. Sturgeon, 107, 164, 239, 317, 330, 343, 344, 386, 408, 425, 492, 586, 783 ; ca- •vearie, 344, 386, 425, 783 ; curers, 492 ; dressers, 344, 353, 355 ; house, 492 ; preservers of the cavearie, 353 ; rowes, 386 ; soundes, 386. See Fish and Fish- mongers. Sturton (Stoughton ?), Robert, 909. StutevUle, Sir Martin, 804, 821, 1028. Style. See Stile. Sublime Porte (Turk), 985. Subscribers, 466, 478, 625, 626, 628-630, 778, 779, 810 ; list of, 465-469 ; sub- scriptions, 245, 246, 4(j2-464, 478, 542, 549, 626, 627, 778, 779, See Adven- turers. Suckling, Sir John, the elder, 1063 ; Sir John, the poet, 1063. Suffolk, " the Ladie," 111, 899, 928, 1028, 1067. Suffolk, Earl of. — Thomas Howard. Suite, Master Henry, 27. Sully, French diplomat, etc., 883, 1003. Sun, gold-creating power of the, 507. Sunderland, Earl of, Henry, 1013, 1017 ; Robert, 1017. Sundial, 910. Sun-worship, 166, 169, 605. See Native. Supplies. See Provisions. Surry, Earl of, — Tliomas Howard. Surveyors, 457-461, 777, 778, 780. See Argall, Claiborne, Hudson, Maddi- son, Norwood, Powell, Pring, Tyndall, Surve'ys, 230,457-461,596, 676, 777, 780. See Maps. Sussex, Countess of, 982 ; Earl of, 982. Sutcliffe, Rev. Dr. Matthew, author, 212, 240, 1028, 1029. Sutton, Sir Richard, 1027 ; Thomas, 212, 968, 1029. Swann, Libias, fishmonger, 281. Sweden, King of (see Gustavus Adol- phus), 948, 985 ; Queen of (see Chris- tina), 9R6. Swift, Ensign James, 220, 641, 043, 830, 1029. Swine. See Hogs- Swinhow, Swinhoe, Mr. , stationer, 293; George, 468, 547, 771, 1029; John, stationer, 222, 1029. Sylvester, Joshua, poet, 1026. Symonds, Rev. William, author, 282-284, 286, 363, 597 (655), 1029, 1030. Symoudson, William, 955. "T.,C.," 772. Tahanida (an Indian), 145. Tailboies, Lady Margaret, 992. Talbot, Alathea, 927, 1030 ; George, Earl of Shrewsbury, 12, 15, 847, 924, 1030; Gilbert, Eai-1 of Shrewsbury, 123. 321, 542, 846, 904, 922, 927, auto., 1030, Port., 971 ; Henry, 15 ; Hon. Henry, 924 ; Mary, 924 ; Mary, 9^2, 1030 ; see Lady Elizabeth Gray, 1030; see Cav- endish. Tallakarne, John, 814 ; Margaret, 814. Tanfield, Elizabeth, 844 ; Sir Lawrence, 390, 844, 1030. Tanner, John, grocer, 225, 1030 ; , 926. Tapp, Elizabeth, 956 ; Mr. Warden Wil- liam, fishmonger, 281, 956. Tappahannock, 187. Tappe, John, stationer, 181, 676. Tar, 37, 202, 205, 239, 265, 268, 363,386, 398, 564, 640, 800. Tasburgh, Mr. , 1046. Task, my, xv. Tasquantura (an Indian), 50. Tate, Bartholomew, 1030 ; Francis, au- thor, 467, 546, 1030 ; Jane, 971 ; Lewis, 220, 469, 1030; Lewis, 548. Taux-Powhatan, 484, 505. Taverner, John, gent., 216, 1030. Taxis, Juan de, Spanish ambassador, 1G67. Taylor, Elizabeth, 893 ; John, alderman, 893; John, poet, 959, 1026, 1040; Robert, 987 ; William, haberdasher, 222, 1030 ; the elder , 610. Tempest, The, described or mentioned by Archer, 321) ; by Ratcliffe, 3.34 ; by the Virginia Council, 333, 346, 348, 3'^4 ; by Somers, 400 ; by Strachey, 416 ; by Jourdan, 419 ; by Rich, 422 ; by Win- wood, 448 ; by Spelman, 484 ; by Shakespeare, 508 ; by Chapman, 595 ; by Crashaw, 616, 617, 620; by Howes. 752, 753. Bacon compared with, 821 ; see Ber- mudas; Haracano, Horrecane, Huiri- cane, 329, 400, 589 ; St. James Day, 329, 346, 400; Wreck, 400, 416, 448, 520. See Edward Waters, and John Wright, stationer. Tenant, Richard, merchant-tailor, 303. Tennessee, 1020. Teresa (a Persian), 1<^'00. Ternaux Compans Catalogue, 774. Tetsworth, Robert, fishmonger, 282. Texts, v, 287, 296, 297, 313, 338, 350, INDEX. 1139 361, 373-375, 579, 621, 908. See Ser- mons. Thaier (Thayer), Mr. , 982. Thames River, 82, 2.'31, 583. See Lon- don, and Visscher's drawing of London. Thane, Viscount. — Francis, Lord Norris. Thanet, Earl of. — Nicholas Tuf ton. Theobalds, 118, 123, 357, 509. Thcsam. See Tresham. Thet. Coadjutor Gilbert du, French Jes- uit, G'J8, OOti, 7U1, 712, 714. Thevett, Andrew, French author, 10. Thirkeld, Lancelot, 9()8 ; Sarah, 'J(J8. Thomond, Earl of, 843. Thomson, or Townson, Leonard, 281, 1032. Thomson, Georg-e, 1034 ; John, 1034 ; Mary, 1034 ; Morris, 1034 ; Paul, 1034 ; Robert, 1034 ; Robert, Jr., 1034 ; Wil- liam, 1034. Thornbury's London, 945. Thorne, Nicholas. 2. 1030 ; Octavian, 221 ; Robert, author, 733, 814, 1030, 1031. Thornehill, Samuel, 1011 ; Sir Timothy, 909. Thornton, Robert, 222, 1031. Thorold, Edward, merchant-tailor, 305. Thorogood, Tliorowgood, Capt. Adam, 948, 1005; Elizabeth, 988; Sir John, 948 ; Thomas, 988. Thorpe, George, Esq., 546, 770, 790, 828, 1005, 1031, 1060 ; Nicholas, 1031 ; Thomas, 1031 ; Thomas, stationer, 1061 ; William, 1031. Thou, de, French historian, 970. Throgmorton, Throckmorton, Anne, 1031 ; Dorothea, 873 ; Clement, Esq., 991; Elizabeth, Lady Ralegh, 444, 853, 873, 937, 977; Elizabeth, Lady Dale, 452, 861, 870-873, 998, 1031 ; Sir John, 888 ; Kenelme, 167 ; Margaret, 1031 ; Mary, 826, 998, 1031 ; Muriel, 828; Muriel, 1032; Sir Robert, 1032; Sir Thomas, 826, 873, 998 ; Sir Thomas, 1031; Thomas, 828; William, 1031; Sir William, 544, 680, 828, 873, 874, 1005, 1031. Throughton, or Troughton, Andrew, 469, 548, 1033.. Thynne, Sir Henry, 976 ; John Alexan- der, 4th Marquess of Bath, xvii, 318, 384 ; Sir John, 919; Sir John, 97(5. Ticknor, Mr. , 982. Tillesworth, Joan, 919 ; William, 919. TiUy, Field-Marshall, Count Von, 1038. Timber, 161, 239, 268, 274, 314, ::!17, 340, 349, 363, 398, 443, 455, 642, 644. 648, 650, 661, 767, 800. See Commodities. Timberlake, Timberly, Henry, author, .548, 771, 1032. Timber-neck Bay, 188. , Tindall. See Tyndall. Tirrell. See Tyrrell. Tirwhit, Tvrwhit, Sir Robert, 999, 1055 ; Ursula, 999. Title-page (facsimile), 241, 283, 294,312, 420, 5r)0. Title-pages, 241, 279, 280, 283, 294, 312, 322, 338, 359, 373, 419, 420, 427, 428, 478, .528, 5.59, 576, .59'.m;01, 611, 612, 620, 621, 746, 748, 756, 766, 767, 781, 791. Tobacco, 5, 128, 152, 158, 100, 163, 166, 169, 455, 473, 630, 678, 690, 772, 783, 789, 800 ; " midding tobacco," 772 ; tobacco memoranda, 772 ; tobacco- pipe (a ship), 813 ; tobacco-iiipe, In- dian, 158, of peace, 161. Commissioners concerning Virginia tobacco: A. Abdy, E. Diehfield, D. Digges, R. Morer, and W. Russell. See, also, F. Bacon, J. Eldred, R. Hall, K. Pashall, S. Purchtus. T. Roe, J. Rolfe, John Smith of Nibley, G. Vil- liers, and Sir John Wolstenholrae. Todkill, Ananias. 508, 600, 601, 1032. Tomaconio (an Indian), 906. Tombstone, 150, 151. Tomlinson, John, mayor of Bristol, 985. Tools to work with, 642-644, 742 ; agar, 385 ; presses, 385. See Emigrants. Topahauocke (see Tapahanock). 187, 188. Topsham, England, 23, 179. Torres, Maldonado de (Spaniard), 522. Torrington, Viscount, 1069. Tothill, Richard, 911 ; Susan, 911. Totness, Earl of — George Lord Carew. Tourneur, Cyril, dramatist, 1026. Toward, Thomas, fishmonger, 281. Tower, The London, 358, 774 ; picture of, see Visscher's London. Towerson, William, 11, 12, 818, 1032. Towler, Charles, 219, 1032. Towns in Virginia, 491, 760, 761, 778, 795. Townsend, Anne, 1032; Sir John, 211, 4(i6, 1032 ; Sir Roger, 1038 ; Warren, Esq., 546, 982. Townson. See Thomson, 10.32. Tracts, Treatise, or Pamphlets, 24, 181- • 183, 241-243, 259-277, 279, 2S0, 321- 324, 337-353, 41t»-428, 477-483, 558, 5.59, 597-601, 620, 621, 746, 747, 766- 768, 774-779, 781, 782. Tracy, Anne, or Dorothy, 861, 1031 ; Sir John, 861, 1031 ; Sir John, 1031, 1038; Mary, 1032, 1038; Sir Thomas, 544, 980, 1032; William, 804, 971, 1005, 1031, 1032, 1060; WiUiam's daughter, 971, 1032. Trade, or commerce, of England, xiv, 1- 28, 38, 39, 71. 146, 251, 267, 269, 270, 274, 301, 401, 440, 449, 465, 520, 567, 667-669, 673-676, 745, 756, 766-768, 798, 972, 1013. Board of merchants, 652 ; bond, 496 ; cape-merchant, 71, 911 ; city compa- nies of London, xvii, 2''>0, 684-686, 688 ; embargo, 15, 1052 ; exportation, 234, 235 ; exports, 39 ; haven, or port, towns, 1140 INDEX. 38, 462 ; imports, 39, 234, 235 ; impo- sitions, 234 ; libra, 259 ; merchandises, 79 ; merchants board, 652, 659, 661 ; private enterprises, or purees, xiv, 10, 32-35, 37, 38, 42, 496 ; public purse, or stock, xiv, 37, 38, 40, 71, 273, 317, 800 (see Virginia companies) ; reasons for raising a fund, 36-42, 50 ; remarks on the trades, 250, 251 ; subsidies, 234 ; taxes, 234. See Captains, Cloth, Com- modities, Companies, Customs, Duties, England, Fish, Fleet, Free Trade, Lon- don, Merchants, Monopolists, Naval Affairs, Objects, Profit, Protection, Ships, Voyages, etc. Tradescant, John (1), author, etc., 804, 939, 1039, 1032 ; John (2), 1032 ; John (3), 1032. Tragabigzanda, 785, 853. Travers family of Virginia, 987. Treasurer, The, of the Virginia Company, viii, ix, 208, 232, 234, 237^248, 763- 765, 778, 993, 1026, 1062. See Sir Ed- win Sandys, Sir Thomas Smith, and Wriothesley. Recommended for by James I. (p. 1027), Abbott, Cletheroe, Handsford, Robert Johnson, Roe, Sir William Russell, Sir Thomas Smith, and Sir John Wolstenholme. Treaty with the Netherlands, 9, 15-17 ; with Spain, 27, 28, 119, 120 126, 245, 926, 938, 967, 1037. See Peace. Trees, 156, 157, 161, 164, 166, 265, 650, Trelawney, Edwin, 916 ; Joan, 916 ; Sir John. 916 ; WilUam, 916. Tremellius, Iramanuel (Italian), 984. Tremonille, Marquis, French ambassador, 1014. Trenchard. Mr. , 1052. Treshara, Thesam, Elizabeth, 961 ; Fran- cis, 961, 1032; Sir Lewis, 544, 1032, 1033 ; Sir Thomas, 961, 1032, 1033. Trevaunon, Hugh, 1033 ; Margaret, 1033. Trevor, Sir John, 66, 89, 92, 211, 232, 941, 957, 1033; Sir John, Jr.. 1033; John, Esq., 1033 ; Sir Richard, 544, 1033. Tribaldo. Luis, of Toledo, 27. Trinity House, 2, 359, 393, 496, 497, 5-39, 540, 547, 836, 1033. See Argall, Coit- more, Spert, Vassall. Tropics, 669-(372 ; of Cancer (Northern), 156, 329, .345, 670, 672 ; of Capricorn, 670, 671 ; Torrid Zone, 330. Troughton (see Through ton), 1033. Truce, the, 256. True Relation (Smith's), 181-183; True and Sincere Declaration of the Virginia Council, 337-353 ; True Declaration (Virginia Council), 427, 428. Tru.ston, Thomas, 221. Tryshara (see Tresham), Mr. , fish- monger, 281. Tuam, in Ireland, 399. Tucke, Mr. , 2. Tucker, Capt. Daniel, 133, 218, 408, 538, 758, 773, 982. auto., 1033, 1034 ; Eliza- beth, 1033 ; Elizabeth, 10:34 ; George, 1033 ; George, 1033 ; George, gent., 547, 982, 1033, auto., 1034; Henry, 1033; John, 26, 1034; John, 830; John, 1033 ; Mary, 1034; Robert. 1033 ; Lieut. Thomas, 16, 1034; William, 886, 1034; William, gent., 469, 547, 886, 909, 1034. Tuckfield, Mr. , 2. Tudor. See Henry VII. and Henry VIII. Tudor, Edward, VI. (1547-1553), re- former, 2, 3, 838, 839, 850, 1018, 1039, 1054, 1063 ; Elizabeth, Queen of Eng- land, reformer (1.558-1603), 3-26. 51, 263, 2G9, 285, 286, 310, 314, 372, 62-3, 637, 692, 749, 816, 819, 839, 840, 843, 844, 849, 850, 859, 880-883, 887, 901, 906, 907, 915, 917, 9i6, 935, 939, 944, 949, 950, 961-963, 965, 967, 970, 972, 976, 977, 991, 999, 1000, 1002, 10(3, 1021, 1022, 1026, 1033, 1034. 1041, 1045, Port., 1; Jasper, of Hatfield, Duke of Bedford, 1054 ; Mary, Queen of England, "Bloody Marv " (1.553- 1558), 3, 19, 819, 839, 901", 939, 963, 966, 967, 991, 1001, 1002, 1041, 1054, 1063. Tue. Mrs. Mary, 933. Tufton, Sir Nicholas, 796, 803, 851, 931, 993, 1034 ; Sir William, 1034. Tuke, Sir Bryan, 996 ; Mary, 996. Tuquoque, Cook's, 759. Turkey in Asia, 885, 1023 ; in Europe, 1064. Turkey, or Levant Company, 859, 860, 885, 1012, 1023, 1026. Turkish man of war, 917 ; Turcism, 374 ; Turks, 769, 785, 817, 905, 937, 1000- 1002. See Constantinople and Levant. Turnbull, Joane, 1031. Turner. Mrs. Anne, 940 ; Dawson, 483 ; Dr. Peter, author, 212. 1035 ; Richard, 216, 1034, 1035 ; Richard, merchant, 306, 1035; Dr. William, 1035; Lieut. William, 689, 704, 705, 714, 716, 718, 720, 721, 724, 734; WiUiam, 1035; William, gent., 390. Turners' Company of London, 227, 859 ; Turners sent to Virginia, 248, 353,356, 470. Turville, Turberville, Sir Ambrose, 545, 1035. Twenge, Margaret, 1053 ; Marmaduke, ■ 1053. 1 Twide. Richard, 6, 930, 1035. Twisden, Roger, Esq., 1(135 ; Sir Roger, 1035 ; Sir William, 466, 543, 1035. Tyas, Margaret, 996 ; Robert, 996. Tvler's Histoi-y of American Literature, 416,* 612. Tvndall. Tindall, Capt. Robert, author, 'survevor, etc., 106, 108, 109, 151. 1S8, 330, 399, 409, 457, 4.58, 461, 548, 1035 ; INDEX. IMl Tiiulall shonldes, and Tindales pointe, XLVI. Tvrconnel, Earl of (Irish), 1035. '■Tyrone, Count of" (Irish), 122-124, 832, 899, 940, 1035. Tvrrel, Tiirel, Ann, 839; Francis, 217, "1035 ; Sir Robert, 839. Tyrwliit. See Tirwhit. Tzekely, Moses, 1007. Ulloa. See Sanchez. Ulster, Ireland, 325, 611, 827, 828, 860, 937, 983. Ultamatamakin (an Indian), 906. Undertakers. See Adventurers. Unique Prints, 354-356, 439, 445, 608, 761-7(i(i, 774-779, 797, 798. United States, or Provinces, of Holland and the Netherlands (Friesland, Gel- derland, Groning-en, Holland, Overys- sel, Utrecht, and Zeeland) : Flandei-s meaning The Netherlands, 90, 137,649 ; Holland, 111, 184, 268, 3-58,447,448, 473, 649, 689, 1056; Low Countries, 97, 114, 123, 180, .529, 530, .537, 1037 ; Netherlands, 9, 15, 16, 17, 46, 255, 313, 336, 446-451, 830, 845, 859, 967, 1056, 1062 ; revolted states, 89 ; United States, or Provinces, xiv, 46. 256, 269, 316, 735, 831 ; Amsterdam,' 830, 877, 972 ; Bergen-op-Zoom, 1063 ; Briel, 447 ; Flushing, 772, 885, 980 ; Hague, 148, 440, 446-451, 526, 1056; Home, 877 ; Leyden, 10.58. Dutch (people), 184, 270, 607. 080, 745, 746, 780, 903, 938, 1034, 1061 ; in Virginia, 106, 113, 516, .583 ; settlement in America, 815, 816, 903 ; East India Company, 327, 3.58, 873 ; man of war, 885 ; pirates, 1039 ; ships : Flying Horse of Flushing, 772, Man-of-War of Flushing, 885, 980, Half e Moon, 327, 358. Hollanders, 37, 38, 98, 609, 666, 693, 745,811, 1060; rebels, 46, 88-91, 101, 244, 255. Dutch (government), ambassadors (see Caron, and, also, Carleton and Winwood), 104; High and Mighty Lords, High Mightinesses, the States General, 148, 446-451, 680, 735, 737, 745, 746, 1056, 1061. See Barneveldt, Maurice, etc. Treaty with England, 9, 15, 16, 17 ; truce with Spain, 256 ; war with Spain. 1.5, 17. (The names of many English- men who fought in the Low Country wars will be found in the list given un- der Protestantism.) The old Merchant Adventurers of England traded to the Netherlands, 859. 1026. See Flanders, New Nether- lands, Spain. HoUand documents : resolutions of the States General, 148, 446, 447, 737 ; Van Meteren, extracts from, 327, 358 ; James I. to the States General, 735 ; replies of the States General, 4.50, 451, 737; Dutch charters. 680, 745, 746. See letters from the English ambassa- dors to the United I'rovinces : Sir Dud- ley Carleton and Sir Ralph Winwood. See, also, Noel de Caron, the Dutch ambassador in England. United States of xVmerica, The Genesis of, V, xiii-xv, 2^1 : the embryo, 3, 4 ; (Klizabeth concludes an alliance with Cond^, 15()2 ; the Huguenot wars) ; Huguenots massacred in Florida, the survivors land in England and report (1.565), 5 ; the spark kindled at Vera Cruz (1568), 6, 7 ; Elizabeth deposed by the Bull of the Pope (1570), 7; St. Bartholomew in France (1572), 7 ; auto- da-f^ in Mexico (1574), 8; the idea of November 6, 1577 (Gilbert, Ralegh, Grenville, etc.), 8. 9; the idea of Sid- ney, Drake, Walsingham, Carleill, and others (15>!5), 15-17 ; the war in the United States of Holland, etc., 17 ; the war with Spain. 15-26; the peace which gave the opportunity (commend- ed by the politician, pp. 289, 314) for the settlement of English colonies across the old Atlantic battle-ground in the far distant land of Virginia, 27 ; the royal charters granted, the enter- prise taken in hand, and the seed planted at Jamestown in Virginia, 2;t-8i)5 ; which has proven "' a great tree," 637- Sde under England. France. New Eng- land, Protestantism. Romanism, Spain, United States of Holland, etc , Virginia, etc. See, also, John and Sebastian Cabot, Queen Elizabeth, Sir Ferdinando Gorges, Sir John Popham, Sir Thomas Smith, James I., Lord De la WaiT, and pp. 806-1070, passim. University College, Oxford, 790. Upkings, William, fishmonger, 281. Urwyn (see Irwin), Mariana, 999; Sir William, 999. Usher, Archbishop, author, 1038. Utopia, Sir Thomas Mores, 2, 31, 930, 953, 954. Uzeda, Duke of (Spaniard), 938, 967. Van Lore, Marv, 1036 ; Sir Peter (Dutch), 8114. 1035, 1036. Van Medkerke, Alphonsus (Dutch), 804, 1036. Van Meetkerke. Adolphus (Dutch), 1036. Van Meteren. See Meteren. Vane, Sir Henry, 467, 545, 803. 1036 ; Sir Henry, Jr.. author, 103() ; '" Lord Spen- cer's daughter," 180. Vargas, Gaspar de (Spaniard), 521. Varney, Capt. John, 16. Vaare, 265, 266, 301 ; number in, 82, 519, 520, 662, 782, 1016, 1064 ; nurseries, 504 ; passage through, 327; pastures, 176, 314, 481 ; proceed- ings in, 48, (iOl ; j)roclamations, 493 ; public lands, 873 ; salt sea (lake), 793; " seates," 504, 505; shoes, 516, 7l8 ; table for gentlemen, 500 ; tombstone, 150, 151 ; vestry in, 904. See Aban- donment, Cross. Descriptions, Discover- ies, Diseases, Documents, Emigrants, England, Firsts, Fortifications, Foun- dation, Good News, Houses, James River and Town, Landowners, Laws, Maps, Parliament, Plays, Poems, Pris- oners, Protestant Colony, Provisions, Sermons, Ships, Spain, Virginia (the land of), Vojages, etc. Council in, 55-57, 64, 67, 69, 70, 73, 75-79, 85,89, 93, 94, 106, 108, 167, 168, 174, 176, 179, 182, 183, 206, 207. 234, 331, 332, 334, 335, 402-413, 492, 493, 538 (801). See Archer, Argall, Gates, Gosnold, Kendall, Maitin, Newport, Percy, Powell, Ratcliffe, Scrivener, Smith, Somers, Strachey, Waldo, Wen- man, the Wests, Wingfield, Winne, or Wynne, and Yeardley. And in refer- ence to this colony see, also, Bar- grave, Berkeley, Biard, Bland, Bohun, Brewster, Buck, Butler, Calvert, Clarke, Crashaw, Dale, Davises, Digges, Donne, Elfrith, Erondelle, Ev- elin, Felgate, Ferrar, Fleet, Graves, Hamer, Hansford, Harrisons, Hawkins, Holecroft, Joi"dan, Keith, Lovelace, Maddison, Mease, Molina, Monson, Nelson, Newce, Pawlet, Peirsey, Per- kins, Phetti Places, Pocahontas, Poole, Pory, Powhatan, Pring, Rich, Rolfe, ■ Saint Leger, Sandys, Savage, Shelley, fl Spelman, Studley, Swift, Taverner, ■ Thorpe, Todkill, Tracy, Tradescant, Tuckers, Turner, Tyndall, Vassall, W^ests, Whitaker, White, Wiekham, Wiffins, Winter, Wood, Woodall.Wood- house, Woodlilfe, Wor.sley, and Zouche. Virginia, state of, 860 ; Library, 150, 242 ; Land Office, 91 ; Register's Office, 64, 65 ; University, 43, 475, 733 ; His- torical Register, 790, 995 ; Historical Society, 488 ; Papers, 861, 879, 1<;06 (see Docuinents) ; Records at Washington, X, 460, 874, m), 934, 935, 1008, 1016, 1042, 1062, 1063. Virginia and Maryland (tract), 51. Virginian boy, an Indian, who could write, 101)5,' 1031 ; colonel, 30, 32. Visitation of London, referred to, 89.3, 904, 914, 9;]6, 954, OSC), 990, 1000,1039, 1042, 1044 ; of Essex, 901. Visscher's drawing of London in 1616, frontispiece to vol. ii. INDEX. 1U5 Vittars, Sebastian, 548. Volday. See Faldo. Voyag'es to America prior to 1600: Cabot, 2, Too ; Here, 2 ; Ribauk, 4, 590 ; Hawkins (three), 4-7, 5(1S, (574, 792, 793, lOJtJ ; Stiikeley, 4 ; Frobisher (three), 8, 072, 795 ; Gilbert (two), i)- 12, 672 ; Drake's circumnavig^ation, 9, 672, 795; Ferdinanclo, 89J ; Walker, 104U; Fenton, 10; Davys (three), 12, 672 ; Aniad;is and Barlow, i'-i, 749, 793, 794 ; GrenviUe (two), 14, 15, 17, 18, 457, 567, (572, 749, 794 ; Bernard Drake, 14 ; Drake-Carleill-Frobisher, 15-17, 675, 792-794, lOlil ; Clifford's naval raids, 18, 22, 23, 106 1 ; Caven- dish's circumnavigation. 18, 21 ; White^ 18, 19 ; Watts, 21 ; Newport (two), 21, 22, 27 ; Lancaster, 22, 23 ; Gaorg-e Drake, 23 ; Strong, 23 ; Weymouth's first, 23 ; Wyet, 23 ; Parker- Whiddon, 23; Dudley, 23; Ralegh, 2J J ; Drake- Hawkins, 23, 075 ; Keymis, 23 ; Pres- ton-Soraers, 24 ; Sherlev, 24 ; Parker, 24, 25 ; AslJey, 25 : Mace, 26 ; Wey- mouth's second, 23, 70 ; Pring, 20 ; Areher-Gilbert-Gosnold, 26, 48, 457, 459; B. Gilbert, 20, 27; de Hants, 322 ; Charles Leigh, 27 ; Champlaine, 27, 457, 459, 670 ; AVeymouth's third, V, 27, 48, 50, 457, 459. See the com- manders given in the above list, and also, Arundell, Ashley, Baskerville, Borough, Button, Butts, Cartier, Capt. William Cecil, Chichester, Chudleigh, Coitmore, Columbus. John Drake, Fenner, A. Gilbert, Gorges, Hauham, Hampton, Harlot, Richard Hawkins, Ingram, Kendall, Knollys, Lane, Lau- donni^re. Lodge, Capt. John Martin, Menendez, Rastel, Seeley (Sir Philip Sidney), Soto, Thome, Verrazano, Ves- pucius. Wade, Winter, Wood, Wright, etc. Voyages to the Bermudas (1603-16) : The wreck of the Sea Venture (1609), 752, 753 (see The Tempest and the voy- age of the fleet (1009) to South Vir- ginia) ; Somers in the Patience from Virginia (1310-11), 754 (see biogra- phy of Sir George Somers) ; Capt. Moore in the Plough (1012), 557, 5S9, 755 ; the Elizabeth, Capt. Adams, on her way to South Virginia (1013), 002, 603, 638 ; the Martha (1013) [002, 003, 621?], 633; the Elizabeth, Capt. Ad- ams, on her second voyage to South Virginia (1013-14), left the Island in the winter of 1613-14, and about a month after, two Spanish ships recon- noitred the island, 035, 734 ; about a month after the Spanish ships left, Capt. Elfrith arrived with a Spanish prize, 8S5 ; the fleet for fortifying and defending the island against the Span- iards, the Blessing, the Starr, the Mar- garet, the Thomas, and the Edwin (and the "Mateo" 0S2 :'), sailed in 1614 (and arrived in April and May of that year), 080, 682, 684, 759; the Welcome (1615), 767 ; the Edwins second voyage (1015), 824; the George (16]()), 774; the Edwin's third voy- age (1610), 824; proposed voyages, 560, 634. See Voyages to South Vir- ginia. See under Ships, and biogra- phies of Commanders. Captains, etc., Adams, Bargrave, Elfrith, Gates, Moore, Newport, Somers, Tucker, etc. Voyages to North Virginia, or New Eng- land (1000-1616) : Champlaine (lt>U4, 1605, and 1()0()), 457, 459, (i76 ; Pou- trincourt (1606), 534; Challons, in the Richard (1606), 64, 95-98, lOl, 114, 115, 119, 122, 127-139, 148-150, 183, 184, 758; (Bingley's voyage of, 1636- 1607, to North or South Virginia, 119); Hanham-Pring (l(i;)()-1007), (Jl, 96, 98, 99, 457, 4.59 ; Popham-Gilbert- Davis (1607), in the Gift of God and the Mary and John, 96, 102, 121, 14 ), 141, 144, 145, 190-194, 197, 459, 535, 536, 567 ; Davis (16 )^), 178, 179, 197, 535, 536 ; voyage of January 10)09 (?), 198, 243; of' March 5, 16)9 (?), 247; Hudson in the Half Moon (16i)9), 327, 457, 450 ; Somers in the Patience (1610), 401, 408, 415, 428, 750,754; Argall in the Discovery (1610), 408, 428-439, 459, 750 ; Poutrincourt (1010), 375, 534, 098 ; Bieneourt in the Grace of God (161 1), 475, 476, 533, (598 ; Har- lev-Hobson (1611), 470, 471, 532, 534, 53(>, 720; Saussaye (1613), 700, etc. (see Biard, Saussaye, etc.) ; Argall- Turner, in the Treasurer, etc. (161:1), Jirst vo'/age, (5-14, 062, (564, 676-()S0, 6S9, 69i)-734, 741, 742, 745, 751 ; Ar- gall-Turner, with the Treasurer, the French ship, etc. (1613), second voyage, 689, 699-734, 741, 742, 745, 751, 757; Poutrincourt. in La Prime (1(')13-14), 726-72t); Harley-Hobson (1()14). 729; Hunt-Smith (1614), 680, 736; sundry voyages (1615), 769; Dermer (1615), 769; Hawkins (1015) [went on to South Virginia], 771; Vines (lOKi). 779; sundry voyages, 77!*, 78 > ; pro- posed voyages, 197, 198 ; questionable voyages. 111, 243. See the biographies of the captains of the various voy- ages, and in the Index, the comprehen- sive heading. Ships, especially for voy- ages after lOlG. Voyages to South Virginia (1606-10) (Bingley's of 1606-07, w:is this voy- age sent out by the North or Scmth Virginia Company? 119); Newport- Gosnold-Rateliffe, in the Sarah, or Si- san Constant, Goodspeed, or Godspeed, 1146 INDEX. and Discovery, or Discoverer (16C6- 07), 76-»7, 98, 105, 106, 109, 112, 110, 142, 151-1(38, 817, 341, ;]48, 749, 795 ; Newport-Nelson, in the John and Francis and the Phcenix (i007-U8), 110, 118, 121, 124, 151, 172-178, 180, 341, 348, 393-399; Newport, in the Mary and Margaret (10U8), 172, 178, 198-200,205, 341, 342, 348, 396; (Hud- son on the coast ( 1609), 327) ; Argall, in a small ship for the discovery of a shorter way (16U9), 307, 327, 330, 332, 334, 342-344, 749 ; Gates Somers-New- port, and other captains (see p. 329), in the Diamond, Falcon, Blessing, Unity, Lion, iSwallow, Virginia, '' a catch," " a pinnace," and the Sea Ven- ture, and from the Bermudas in the Patience and Deliverance (1609-10), 317, 320, 324, 328-334, 336, 342, 345- 347, 354, 357, 365, 392, 393, 399-427, 455, 456, 473, 483, 484, 520, 528, 529, 563, 016-018, 625, 749, 752-754 ; Lord De La Warr-Wenman-Argall, etc., in the De La Warr, Blessing, and Hercu- les (1610), 317, 324, 336, 350, 355-358, 381, 386, 388, 392, 401-404, 413, 414, 423-426, 474, 476-483, 489, 490, 494, 495, 018, 626,*749, 750; the Dainty (1010), 393, 428 ; the Hercules (1610- 11), 439-441, 488-492, 497; Dale, with the Star, Prosperous, and Eliza- beth (1611), 445-448, 451, 452, 461- 463, 489-494, 497, 518-520, 523, 528, 529, 532. 614; Gates, with the Swan, the Trial, one other ship, and three carvells (1611), 445, 448-452, 462, 403, 469, 471, 473, 474, 494, 498, 520, 532, 619; Spanish voyage (1611), 497, 507- 527, 531; the Sarah (1612), 554, 557 (569) (577, 578) ; the John and Fran- cis (1611-12), 528, 538, 554, 557 (56!!) (577-578) (640) ; the Treasurer (1012- 14), 336, 475 (493), 528, 570,_ 573, 040^0)45 (see Vovages to North Virgin- ia, 1()13), 725, 730, 737, 743; the Eliz- abeth (1613), 578, 602, 003, ()08, 638, 639, 645, 600; the Elizabeth (1613- 14), 659, 660-()63, 675, 689, 691, 741, 742, 750; the John and Francis (1614- 15), 739, 752 (762) ; the Flying Horse of Flushing (1615), 772; Hawkins, from North Virginia (1()15-10), 917; the Treasurer (1615-16), v, 760 (702), 782; the Susan (1016), 790. Ships mentioned that I am unable to identify with certainty, 569, 570, 572, 577, 578, 596, 632. Proposed vovages which I am unable to locate, 418, 427, 443, 554, 002, 685. Questionable voyages. 111, 24;*, 59(). See Naval affairs, and Ships, and the biographies of (Captains, Commanders, etc., Adams, Archer, Argall, Barsrrave, Clarke, I>ale, Davis, or Davies, Elfrith, Fitch, Gates, Gosnold, Hawkins, King, Martin, Moore, Nelson, Newport, Pett, Poole, Powell, Pring, Ratcliffe, Somers, Tucker, Turner, Tyndall, Webb, and Wood. The names of many of the commanders of ships are still unknown. Voyages to North America after 1616. See Ships: Abigail, 887, 1011; Black Hodge, or Margaret and John, 830, 831 ; Blessing, 1030 ; Discovery, 970 ; Edwin, 824, 943 ; Flushing, man-of- war, 885, 980 ; Margaret of Bristol, 1060; Mayflower, 855, 8(i2, 902, 905, 943 ; Neptune, 902 ; Providence, 855 ; Silver Falcon, 1066; Supply, 10.32; Temperance, 1024 ; Treasurer, 816, 885, 880, 968, 980, 987. See the Biog- raphies, passim. Voyages to South America : Legate (1000), 64, 101, 122, 138, 139; Har- court. White, etc. (1009), 910, 1057 ; Roe (1010-1611), 357, 358, 375, 454, 473 ; Roe (sent two voyages between 1611 and 1615), 984, 985; (Fisher-El- frith, 1613, one of Roe's voyages, or under the Harcourt charter ? see pp. 687, 885) ; Edward Harvey (1610-17), 910; Ralegh (1017-18); 774; Ra- legh's design of going to Guiana was known to the Spaniards as early as November, 16C9, see p. 333. See Guiana, and the biographies of the commanders of the various voyages. Voyages to the Northwest of America : Knight (1606), 64 ; Hudson (1007), 102, 118; Hudson (1610-11), 358, 388, 4f6, 497, 556, 561, .573; Button (1612- 1613), 5.56, 067 ; Gibbons (1014), 686; Byleth and Baffin (1615), 707 ; Byleth and Baffin (1616), 779. See Northwest Passage Company, the biographies of the commanders and of Digges, Sir Thomas Smythe, Wolstenholme, etc. For other Voyages, see Africa (Algiers and Guinea), C berry Island, East In- dia, (Jreenland, Japan. Russia, Spitz- bergen, Turkey, West Indies, etc. See, also, under Ships. Waad, Wade, Armigil, 2, 1039 ; Nathan- iel, 220, 1039 ; Thomas, 20 ; Sir Wil- liam, diplomat, etc., 66, 89, 92, 141, 143, 173, 210, 231, 240,384, 466, .594, 748, 889, 1013, 1039, auto., 1040, Port., 991. Waddall. See Woodall. Wadham, Nicholas, 965. Waghenaer. Dutch geographer, 817. Waiman (Wevmouth ?), Capt., 113. Wainscot, 20.'^, 268, 425. Walcott, Humphrey, grocer, 257, 387- 3S9, 558, 591, 687. Walden, Edmund, 20. W.aldo, Capt. Richard, 178, 201, 214, 1040. Waldrond, John, 133. INDEX. 1147 Wale, Thomas, 1040; Thomas, 469, 548, 171, 'JS2, 1040. Wales, 5, 70."), 721, 723. Wal'ford's Old and New London, 1040. Walker, George, 1(57 ; George, sadler, 222, 1040; John, ID, S'.)7, 1040; Thomas, Esq., 214, 1040, 1041. Waller (see Wooller), Anne, 1040; Ed- mond, poet, S2:^., 101);5, 1017, 1041; Eleanor, 001 ; Capt. Henry, 82o ; John, Esq., 214, 407, 1041; Owen, 1040; William, 001 ; Sir William, 000. Wallingford, Viscount. — William Knol- Ivs. Walnut oil, 385 ; trees, 107, 164, 16G, 385, 42.5, 587, 650 ; walnuts, 425, 700. Walsingham, Sir Edmund, 1041 ; Frances, 845, 877, 1002, 1041, 1045, 1040; Sir Francis, reformer, diplom;it, statesman, etc., 1, 7, 10-13, 15, 825, s;J2, 844, 845, 840, 877, 890, 896, 905, 908, 93 J, 935, 950, 1002, 1041, 1045, 1046, 1060, Port, 1001 ; Mary, 9.50 ; Marv, 845, 1041 ; Sir Thomas, 467, 54:^, 1041 ; William, 1041. Walter, Edward, 1041 ; John, Esq., 546, 770, 802, 1041, 1042. Walton, Izaak, author, 1061. Walthall, Elizabeth, 983 ; William, 983. Wanton, John, 984. Waplade, Ellen, 931 ; Thomas, 931. War in prospective with Spain, 124, 166, 255. 443, 564, 630, 656, 693, 736, 775, lOK). War with the Indians in Virginia, 164, 167, 775. Sse Massacre by the Indians. See under Protestantism. AVarbuiton, George, gent., 978 ; Bishop, 979. Ward, John, poet, 1026 ; Richard, 2 ; William, 804, 1043. Ware Park, 654. Warman, Richard, 1019. Warner, Charles Dudley, 788 ; John, 1042 ; Richard, 469, 548, 1043 ; Walter, mathematician, 106, 113, 114, 910, 965, 11)42. Warrasqueakes, Indians, 1034 ; Warras- koyacks, 189, 908 ; Warriscoes Country, 385. Wane, Roger, Esq., 969, 1042; Thomas, Esq., 6(), 92, 4()7, 546, 1043. Warren, Joane, 866 ; Joan, 868 ; Henry, 9;)6 ; Margaret, 931 ; Sir Rafe, 868 ; Robert, 8!U5. Warwick, Earl of. — Robert Rich. Warwick County and River, Virginia, •)S1. Washbourne, Mrs Anne, 992. Washington, Alice, 996 ; Elizabeth, 1001 ; General George, 815, 834, 888, 990, 996 1021, 103,); Colonel Henry, 996; John, the emigrant ancestor, 8l5, 990, 99(i, 1051 ; Rev. Laurence, 815, 974, 990, 1051; Mr. Liiurence, 815, 1011; Laurence, 996 ; Laurence, 990 ; Lau- rence of Garesdon, 1001 ; Mary, 815 ; Mary, 1011; William, 1039; "The mother of Washington," 987 ; " The Washingtons of Sulgrave," 1021 ; " The Washingtons of Virginia," 956, 996 ; Washing-ton arms, 893. Washington, D. C. (see Library of Con- gress, and Peter Force), 460, 781, 1021. Water [Watei-son ?|, Mr. Warden of the stationei's, 373. Waterhouse, David, Esq. (see Wood- house), 467, 829, 1042; Sir Edward (1591), 1042 ; Edward, author, 49, 833, 1043 ; Sir Edward, 211, 1042 ; Edward (1670), author, 1042; Robert, 1042; Lieut. , 16. Waters, Edward, 804, 888, 1042, 1043 ; Henry F. (see New England Register, also), 990; Margaret, 1043; Robert, 1043 ; William, 1043. Waterson (see Water), Master Simon, sta- tioner, 337. Watkins Point, CLVIII. ^Vatson, Th. : gent., 181 ; Sir Thomas, 214, 467, 549, 1043. Wattey, William, 218. Watts," Sir John, 21, 99, 198, 212, 232, 466, 770, 977, 1043, 1044; Sir John, Jr., 1043, 1044 ; Thomas, 1043. " Watts," quoted, 1059. Waynam, Wayneman. See Weynman. Waynewright, John, merchant - tailor, 305. Weanoke. See Weyonoke. Weaver, Mr. , stationer, 293. Webbe, Edward, author, 219, 1044; George, gent., 224 ; Capt George, 408, 782, 1044; Rice, 468; Rich.ard, 22^, 771, 1044; Sandys, gent., 216, 1044; Thomas, 214, 1044 ; Thomas, 219, 1044 ; Capt. , 329, 641 ; William, see Husband of the Virginia Company. Webster, Hon. Daniel, xvii, xviii ; John, dramatist, 1026, 1044; William, 218, 770, 1044. Weeks, M. , 2 ; Thomas, clothworker, 277, 1044. Welbv, William, stationer, 181, 222, 283, 293-295, 35(>, 373, 445, 468, 471, 478, 538, ,558, 559, .571, 609, 612, 621, 657, 746, 759, 765, 771, 1044. Welch, Edward, 221, 1044. Weld, Wild, Sir Humphrey, grocer, 210, 231, 250, 252, 254, 257, 2.58, 277, 278, 306, 315, 324, 326, 388, 1044, 10.53; Joane, 1004; John, 1004; John, 1044; John, Esq., 390, 467, .54(i, 1044, 1052 ; John, gent., 390, 771, 1044, 1045 ; Rob- ert, 408. Wellen, Cornelius, merchant tailor, 305. Wells, Thomas, 225, 771, 1045; William, 1045. Wenmau. See Weynman. Wennington, Agnes, 91S ; William, 918. Wentworth. Dorothy, 893 ; Sir John, 467, 1148 INDEX. 1045; Thomas, Lord, 893; Thomas, Esq., 546 (U79), 1045. Werawocomoco (see Werowocomoco, etc.), LVII. Werowance of Paspihe, 159, 162, 16.3, 185, 349 ; of Rapahamia, 159-161, 166. Werowocomoco, or Worowocomoco, 151, 187, 188, .504. Wessaponson, 996. West, Amie, 1022, 1045; Anne, 1045; Anne, 1047 ; Cicily, Lady de la Warr, 968, 1001, 1048; Elizabeth, 963, 1045; Frances, 963, 1047 ; Capt. Francis, Esq., 210, 331, 332, 334, 484, 943 (1005), 1045, 1046, 1047 ; Helena, 1045 ; Henry, fourth Lord, 884, 959, 1048 ; Jane, 1049 ; John, 889 ; Mr. John, grocer, 219, 387, 389, 468, 771, 861, 913, 914, 1047, 1048 ; John, Jr., grocer, 590, 1048 ; John, Esq., 804, 1045, 1047 ; (Mr. John, 1'82) ; John, 1047; Katherine, 1045; "Katharine (Fust ?), now Lady Conway," 219, 861, 1048 ; Hon. Sir L. S. backville-, xvii, 1049; Lettiee, 1045; Mary, 913, 914, 1048 ; Nathaniel, 804, 963, 1045-1047, 1048 ; Nathaniel, Jr., 1047 ; Penelope, 1002, 1045; Robert, 1045; Thomas, eighth Lord, 1046; Thomas, second Lord, 1045, 1046, 1048 ; Thomas, third Lord, author, 209, 231, 239, 244, 255, 317, 318, 324, 331, 334, 336, 337, 345, 350, 352, 355, 357, 358, 361, 370, 872, 373, 375-386, 388, 392, 400-402, 413, 417, 418, 423, 425, 427, 437, 462, 474, 476-478, 483, 489, 490, 494, 528, 529, 554, 562, 567, 617, 618, 693, 696, 749- 751, 815, 830, 833, 924, 928, 935, 960, 963, 964, 968, 1001, 1002, 1005, 1019, 1020, 1045, 1046, 1048, auto., 1049, 10.58, 1066, Por^., 1011; Walsingham, 1045; William, first Lord, 1045, 1046; Capt. William, 804, 1049 ; Mr. [Thom- as ?], 1045, 1046; Capt. , 1005; Mr. , 982. West and Sherley Hundred. See West- over. West Indies. [The reference sometimes includes all of the possessions of Spain in the New World.] Tlie Indies, 4(5, 97, 101, 103, 121, 139, 262, 267, 313, 322, .328, 329, .348, 397, 506, 510, 511, 639, 647, 668, 693 ; " The Indies of Cas- tile," 103 ; the Spanish Indies, 120, 121, 124,12.5,126,129, 144, l(i6. 244, 24.5, 961 ; the West Indies, or West India, 4, 9, 23, 24, 119, 133, 138, 139, 152, 153, 155, 174, 183, 195, 198, 346, 368, 896, 477, 480, 489, 522, 532, 539, 595, 602, 607, 622, 66!>-675, 693, 794, 822, 824, 829, 830, 837, 855, 857, 873, 879, 881, 882, 886, 903, 916, 920, 934, 939, 940, 947, 95(), 957, 961, 972, 981, 986, 1022, 1025, 1036, 1041, 1042, 1044, 1058. Abrioio (shoals), 130; Aisey, 129; Ant-Ues, or Las Antillas, 12S, 129,672; Barbuda, 920 ; Baruada, 328, 346 ; Be- cam, 155 ; Buenos Ayres (on the Yen- ezuela coast), 510, 512, 524, 525 ; Car- ibbee, 875, 918, 932, 1058; Castulia, 154; " Cayennensis," 698; Fonseca, 920; Granada, 129; Guadaloupe, 129, 153; Jamaica, 672, 869, 1036; Lee Ward, 518; (Margarita, 671, 916); Marigalanta, 153 ; Martinique, 698 ; Mattanenio, 152 ; Me vis, or Nevis, 153- 1.55, 393, 480, 489; Mona, 155, 9.36; Moneta, 155 ; Mounserot, 153 ; Nevis (see Mevis) ; Pinos, 139 ; Providence (see Bahamas) ; Rich, 979 ; Saba, 154 ; Saint Catalina, 88() ; Saint Christopher, 153 ; Saint Domingo (see Hispaniola) ; Saint John de Puerto Rico (see Porto Rico) ; Saint Lucia, 128, 129 ; Saint Vincent, 25, 129, 961; Tabago, 920; (Tortuga, 522) ; Trinidad, 454, 473, 670, 671, 920; Virgines, 154, 1.55; Windward, 126, 512. See Bahamas, Barbadoes, Bermudas, Cuba, Domin- ica, Havana, Hispaniola, Porto Rico, and under Spain. See, also, biogra- phies of Ball, Bargrave, Bell, the Blands, Bohun, Butler, Button, A. Chamberlaine, Claiborne, Clarke, Clif- ford, Codrington, Columbus, Cope, Coventry, Digges, Dike, Drake, Dud- ley, Elfrith, Gorges, Harwood, the Hawkinses, the Hawleys, James Hay, the Herberts, E. Johnson, Kendall, Lancaster, Lok, Mannering, Menendez, Newport, Parker, Preston, Pym, the Riches, Roe, Somers, Spruson, the Stu- arts, Tufton, the Vassalls, Vines, Wa- ters, Watts, and Benjamin Wood. West India, fauna : Boar (wild), 27, 155 ; bull (wild), 155 ; crocodile, 27 ; guana (iguana), 155; mosquitos, or muscetos, 153. Flora : Guiacum trees, 154 ; pine- apples, 152, 174, 799; plantains, 128, 1.52, 174. Natives: See Casadra, Cas- savi (or Tapioca) Bread, 128, 174, and Linen and Roan Cloth, 129, 152. Westall, Edmond, grocer, 687. Western States, 102(1. Westly, Westley, Jane, 1040 ; Richard, 1040; Titus, merchant-tailor, 304. Westminster, 26. 63, 205, 237, 550, 553, 59.5,625; Abbey, 831,84.5,8.51, 865, 867, 901, 908, 933, 965, 1025, 1026, 1028, 1038 ; college of, 279. Weston, Gan-et, 804, 1049; Richard, Lord, 979. Westover,'Va., 818,829, 830, 962, 1047; West and Sherley Hundred, 782, 940, 962, 1047. West Point, Va., 187, 188. Westbrow, John, 221, 1049; Thomas, grocer, 558, 591, ()8(). Westwray, Judith, 888. Westwood, Humphrey, 217, 1049. INDEX. 1149 Wetwood, Randall, 220, 1049. Weymouth, Wayraouth, etc., Captain George, v, 2^, 20, 27, 2it, :32-35, 42, 4.K, .50, 76, 113, 12S. 244, 4.J7, 459, 400, 4%, 78.), 817, 002, 0(>'.), 088, 1049, 1002. Weymouth, England, 2."), 85. Weynmau. Wenman, VVayneman, etc.. Sir Ferdinando, 21 1, 407, 413, 414,424, 905, auto., 1049 ; Sir Ferdinand's daughter. 1049 ; 8ir Francis, 994, 1049 ; Sir Robert, 1049 ; Thomas, Esq., 1049; Sir Thomas, 211, 1049. Weyonoke, or Weanoke, 933, 946, 903, 1000. Whale fishing, 668, 733, 893, 1001 ; bone, 077 ; finnes, 606 ; oyle, 666 ; teeth, 00(5 ; whales, 153, 589, 060. Whalebone Inlet. 459. Whalley. Edward, 868. Wharton, Sir George, 210, 1049; Lord, 1049. Wheat, 107. 289, 534, 648, G61, 742, 800 ; Gennea wheat, 1.58. Wheatley, ;Vhitley, Thomas, 217, 468, 771, 1049. 1050. Wheeler, Mary Ann, 1044 ; Nicholas, 1044 ; Nicholas, 029, 630, 1050 ; Thomas, draper, 223, 10.50. Whiddon, Capt. Jacob, 23, 977. Whistler, Francis, gent., 223, 1050. Whitbee, Robert, 833. Whitaker, Rev. Alexander, author, 497, 500, 547.577-579,-583, 584, 611, 613- 615, 019-021, 730, 747, 782, 8.52, 904, 987, 1050; Laurence, poet, etc., 804; Rev. Dr. William, author, 614, 615, 852, 904, 1017. 1050 ; Mrs. , 832. Whitbounie (Capt. Charles, 1051 ?), Capt. Richard, author, 804, 1050, 1051. Whitcombe, John, 911, 912. White, Edward, stationer, 887 ; Edward, 962; Henry, 1051; Capt. Henry, 16; James, gent., 219, 1051; Jane, 1011; John, Esq., 1011; John, the Royalist, 1051 ; Capt, John, artist, surveyor, etc., 14, 18-21. 457, 458, 693, 890, 970, 1051; John, author, 805, 944, 1051 ; Leon- ard, gent, 222, 1051 ; Mary, 812 ; Rich- ard, 812 ; Rev. Thomas, 1048; Thomas, 217, 1051 ; William, author, 151, 109, 1051, 1052 ; William, 1051 ; Capt. Wil- liam, 1051, 1052 ; William, draper, 10.52. White, Chappel, 282, 283, 287 ; flag, 128 ; sea, 124, 839, 859, 1012. WTiite Hall, 447, 569, 604, 606, 676, 678, 079, 080, 700; picture of, see Viss- cher's London. Whitley Sje Wheatley. Wliitlocke Papers, 318, 384. Whitmore, Elizabeth, 10.52; Frances, 1044, 1052 ; Sir George, haberdasher, 228, 900, 1052 ; Margaret, 906, 1052 ; William. 900. 1044, 1052. ^Vhitne^, Francis, 929. Whitson. Miister John. Mayor of Bristol, author, etc.. 20. 400, 907, 9>1, 972, 1052, auto., 1053, Port., 1021. Whitson's Bav, 400, 972, 1052. Wliitson's hed, 400, 1052. Whittingham, John, grocer, 225, 390 ; 1053 ; Thomas. 224, 410, 1053. Wickham, Rev. WiUiam, 782, 1053 ; Mr. , 1053. Widdowes, Richard, goldsmith, 220, 1053. Widdowspay, Master Warden, fish- monger, 281. Widows in the Virginia Company, 222, 4(i8, .542. Wiffin. David. 805, 1030, 1053 ; Richard, 217, OOO, (iOl, 10.53. Wigmore. Sir Richard, 205, 211, 1053. Wikes, Mary. 1031. Wilde (see Weld). Robert. 408. Wilford. See Wilsford. Wilkes, Alice, 983 ; Edward, 220, 1053 ; Oliver, stationer, 812; Thomas, 983. Wilkins, Anthony, merchant-tailor, .305. Wilkinson, Joane, 939 ; Mr. , 982. Willeston, WoUaston, Hugh, 218, 1053. Willet, Wiliest, John, 409, 547, 1U53; William, 805, 10.53. William and Mary College, 890. Williams, Edward, 1000 ; Grace, 10.55 ; Hugh, 1055 ; Sir John, 887 ; Morgan, 808 ; Richard, 808 ; Richard, merchant- tailor, 304 ; Rev. Roger, 820, 850 ; Rose, 887 ; Thomas, 887. Williamsburg, 879. Williamson, John, 1053 ; Sir Richard, 211, 232, 1053 : William, 805, 1053. Willoughby, Sir Francis, 1021 ; Sir Hugh, 825, 839 ; Margaret, 1021 ; Sir Perci- val, 390, 400, 543, 1053 ; Robert, mer- chant-tailor, 304 ; Capt. , 872 ; Lord (see Bertie). Wilmer, Andrew, 221, 1053 ; Clement, gent., 222, 1053; George, Esq., 221, V»82, 1053. Wilmot, Sir Charles. 210, 407, 989, 1053, 1054 ; Henry, Earl of Rochester, 989, 1054. Wilsford, Cicely, 991 ; Sir Thomas, 991 ; Sir Thomas, 460. 544. 1054. Wilson, Arthur, historian, 1021 ; Felix, 221, 10.54; George, 827; Isabella. 890 ; Rev. John, 1030 ; Robert, stationer, 077 ; Thomas. Esq., 214, 249, 407, 509, 1054 ; Rev. William, 896. Wilson, J. and Son, University Press. 141. Wilts, 318, 384. Wiltshire, Bridget, 1054, 1055 ; Sir John. 1054. Wimarke, Wymarke, Ned, 112, 1064, 1065. Wimbleton, Viscount. — Edward Cecil. Winche, Wvnche, Daniel, grocer, 224, .591, 087, auto , 1054. Windebank. Secretary , 848; Thomas, 850. 1150 INDEX. Windet, J., stationer, 283, 419. Windham, Hugh, 83U. Windsor, IIG, 117, 569. Wine, 268, 348, 363, 385, 395. See Grapes, and Vines. Wingiiekl, Charles, 1054; Edward, 1054; Sir Edward-Maria, 1055 ; Capt. Ed- ward-Maria, author, 47-49, 52, 54, 58- 60, 62, 63, 77, 108, 142, 151, 168, 170, 171, 182, 213, 341, 399, 788, 823, 950, 1007, 1054, 1055, 1061; Sir James, 843, 1054; Sir John, 1054; Sir Rich- ard, 1054, 1055 ; Richard, 1055 ; Sir Robert, 818, 1055 ; Thomas-Maria, 1054 ; Sir Thomas-Maria, 1055. Winne, Wynne, Anne, 842 ; Edmond, 219, 306, 468, 1055 ; Geoige, merchant-tai- lor, 306, 1055 ; George, 842 ; Sir John, author, 1055 ; Capt. Owen (see Gwinne), 467, 546, 1055; Capt. Peter, 178, 201, 214, 417, 1055; Sir Richard, 1055; Capt. Thomas, 213, 1056. Winsor, Mr. Justin, xvi. Winsor's Narrative and Critical History of America, 3, 25, 326, 947, 993. Winston, Thomas, 1056 ; Dr. Thomas, author, 8o5, 830, 1056. Winter, Wintour, etc., Capt. Edward, 16, 1056; Sir Edward, 1056; Edward, 1056; Frederick, 1056; Lady Mary, 10.56; Master Nicholas, 16, 1056; Thomas, poet, 1018 ; Sir William, 929 ; Sir William, 4, 6, 1056; Capt. Wil- liam, 213, 1056. Winter season in Virginia, 395, 481, 534, 584, 586. Winthrop, Adam, 950; Gov. John, 913, 950, 980, 1055. Winwood, Sir Ralph, diplomat, author, etc., 112, 440, 446-450, 5C9, 526, 543, 757, 770, 783, 784, 870, 871, 884, 889, 894, 936, 948, 955, 969, 1056, 1057, Port, 1031. Wirral, Worrel, Sir Hugh, 210, 1057. Wiseman, Mr. , 982. Witch (Winch ?), Dame Jane, 948. Withers, Wither, Anthony, Esq., 1057 ; George, 1057 ; George, poet, 1004, 1026, 1057 ; John, 469, 1057. Withipole, Withypoole, Edmund, 1031 ; Elizabeth, 1031 ; Paul. 1031 ; Paul, Esq., 893. Woddall. See Woodall. Wodehouse, Anne, 820, 840 ; Sir Henry, 840, 935 ; Mary, 935. Wodenoth, Arthur, author, 51, 993, 1057 ; Laurence, 890 ; Mary, 890, 1057. Wogan. See Woogan. Wolf, Thomas, merchant-tailor, .30,5. Wollaston, Willeston, Hugh, 2 IS, 1053; John, 10.53; William, 1053; William, 548, 1053 ; Capt. , 1053. Wolsey, Cardinal, 996. Wolstenholme, Catherine, 1058 ; Henry, 1057 ; Henry, gent., 547, 1057, 1058 ; Joan, 1058 ; Sir John, 976 ; John, the elder, 1057 ; Sir John, 215, 232, 388, 467, 574, 594, 748, 770, 875, 913, 982, 984, 1015, 1038, 1057, 1058, 1061 ; Sir John, Jr., 547, 976, 1038, 1057, 1058 ; Thomas, 1057. Wolverston, John, fishmonger, 281. Women, 244, 248, 329, 451, 474, 775, 801. Wood, Abraham, 830; Ambrose, 10.59; Capt. Benjamin, 23, 882, 1058; Ce- cily, 886 ; Sir John, 884 ; Magdalen, 884 ; Richard, 88() ; Simon, merchant- tailor, 304 ; Thomas, 219 ; Capt. Thomas, 214, 1059; Capt. Thomas, 222, 1059 ; Capt. , 329. Woodall, Waddall, Woddall, Dr. John, author, etc, 217, 468, 771, 816, 982, 1014, auto., 1059; Richard, 1059. Woodcock, Thomas, merchant-tailor, .304. Woodhouse (see Waterhouse), David, Esq., 214, 467, 829, 1042: Capt. Hen- ry, 213, 1059; Capt. , 213. Woodliffe, John, gent., 224, 1059, 1060. Woods, 164, 205, 265, 313, 317, 800; Wood-dyes, 195, 265 ; Wood-cutters, 469 ; see Woodmongers' Company, under London. See Timber and Trees. Woodville, Elizabeth, Queen consort of Edward IV., 1054 ; Katherine, Duch- ess of Bedford and Buckingham, 1054 ; Richard, Earl Rivers, 1054. Woogan, Wogan, Devereux, 468, 547, 1060. Wooller (see Waller), Edward, merchant- tailor, 220, 306, 1060; John, mer- chant-tailor, 303, 306, 468, 1060. WooUey, Randle, merchant-tailor, 303. Woolwick, 328. Worcester, Henry, 1st Marquis, 1056. Worde, Wynkyn de, printer, 858. Workmen, 248, 259, 268, 271, 395, 520, W^orley. See Worsley. Worowocomaeo. See Werawocomaco. Worrell. See Wirrell. Worsley, Sir Bowyer, 1060; John, breAver, 977 ; Otwell, merchant-tailor, 305 ; Sir Richard, 805, 956, 1C60 ; Richard, 1(141, 1060; Thomas, 1060. Worthington, Sir William, 839 ; William, 839. Worth's Devonshire, quoted, 894, 898. W^ortley, Eleanor, 981, 9S2 ; Sir Francis, author, 467, 545, 1060; Sir Richard, 982. Wotton, Edward, first Baron, 1061 ; Sir Henry, author, and dii)lomat, 543, ()()5, 82!>, "894, 1060, 1061, Port., 1041; Katherine, 1040 ; Thomas, Lord, 679, 1040, 1061. Wrav, Sir Christopher, 979 ; Frances, 979; Sir William, 882. Wright, M. , 2 ; Edward (alias Care- less), author, mathematician, etc., 16, INDEX. 1151 n76, 926, 1014, 1025, 1057, 1061 ; John, mercer, 211); John, stationer, 420, 4;)5, 1061 ; Richard. 20 ; Samuel, 1061 ; William, merchant-tailor, 304. Wriothesley, Henry, second Earl of South- ampton, 105.">, 1061 ; Henry, third Earl of Southampton, 26, 27, 48, 21)9, 2;J1, 318, 356, 357, 379, 3S4, 3.S8, 465, 528, 681, 692, 696, 770, 817, 829, 856, 872, 873, 928, 934, 955, 960, 973, 980, 993, 1003, 1014, 1015, 1016, 1021, 1028, 1055, 1061-1063, Port., 1051 ; James, Lord. 803, 1061, 1063; Lady of the third Earl, 1028 ; Maria, or Mary, 817, 1061; Mary, 1055, 10()1 ; Penelope, 1021 ; Tliomas, first Earl of Southamp- ton, 1061 ; Thomas, fourth Earl of .Southampton, 1063. Wrote, Robert, 1063 ; Samuel, 805, 982, 1063. Wiothe, John, Esq., 770, 796. 982, 1063, 1064; Mabel, 818; Sir Robert, the elder, 1063, 1064; Sir Robert, Jr. , 211, 4t)7, 1004, 1063, 1064; Sir Thomas, reformer, 1063 ; Sir Thomas (reform- er ?), 818 ; Thomas of the Inner Tem- ple, 1063, 1064; Sir Thomas, poet, etc., 805, 836, 978, 980, 982, 1063, 1064. Wroug-hton, Dorothy, 976 ; Thomas, 976. Wyat, Wyatt, Wyet, Anne. 1035; Sir Francis, governor of Virginia, 816, SS'i, 891, 921, 933, 956, 995, 1049, 1065; George, Esq., 891, 996; Jane, 891, 892, 996; Silvester, 23; Sir Thomas, the Rebel, 996, 1035 ; Capt. Thomas, 212. Wvatt's insurrection (1553-54), 1023. Wvche, Sir Peter, 1064; Richard, 574, i064. Wycombe, 769. Wyke Regis, 325. Wymart. See Wimark. Wynche. See Winche. Wynne. See Winne. Wynniff, Nicholas, merchant-tailor, 304. Wynston. See Winston. Xacan (see Axacan), 488, 515, 517, 518, 947. Xatanahane, 488. Yale, David, 9.54. Yardley. See Yeardley. Yarwood (see Yerwood), Richard, 1065. Yawtanoone (Indian village), 487. Yaxley, Sir Robert, 545, 1065. Yeardley, Yardley, Anne, 1065; Argall, (1), 1065; Argall (2), 1065; Argall (3), 1065; Edmond, 1065; Elizabeth, 1065 ; Elizabeth, 1065 ; Frances, 1065 ; Frances, 1065 ; Col. Francis, 948, 1065 ; Sir George, Governor of Virginia, 223, 417, 782, 797, 888, 913, 948, 958, 963, 970, 1005, 1011, 1021, 1065; Henry, 1065; John, 1065; John, 1066; Ralphe, 1()()5 ; Ralph, 1065 ; Rhoda, 1065 ; Richard, 814. Yelverton, Sir Henry, 820, 866. Yeoman in the Virginia Company, 228. Yeomans, Simon, fishmonger, 228, 281, 1065. Yerwood, Yarwood, Richard, 1065. York, Anne, Duchess of, 923 ; Duke of, 1038; Sir John, 839, 893; Margaret, 893 ; Sir Richard, 893. York River, Virginia. See Rivers. Young, Yung, Gregory, 887 ; Sir Rich- ard, 1004 ; Mr. (Richard ?), 12 ; Rob- ert, stationer, 1059 ; Susannah, 887 ; 887 ; Capt. Thomas, 887 ; Capt. Thom- as, Jr., 887; Thomas, 1034; William, 217, 1065 ; " My Mother Yunge," 442 ; ''Mr. Yunge and his wife," 442. Yvery, history of the House of, 964. " Zachel Moyses." See Tzekely. Zanagadoa, 195. Zouch, Zouche, Sir Edward, 849; Sir Edward, 805, 1065, 1066; Edward, eleventh Lord, 209, 231, 676, 811, 824, 884, 969, 1066, auto., 1067, Port., 1061 ; George, tenth Lord, 1066 ; Sir John, 33-35, 42, 113, 969, auto., 1067; Sir John's daughter, 1067 ; John, Esq., 805, 1067 ; Sophia, 849. Zuaiga, Don Pedro de, Spanish ambassa- dor to England, 43, 45, 88, 91, 97, 100- 104, 110, 115, 116, 118-120, 122-124, 140, 141, 143, 147, 172, 173, 177, 178, 180, 183, 184, 195, 196, 198, 242, 243, 248, 249, 254, 258, 259, 310, 311, 324, 332, 336, 337, 357, 358, 386, 387, 556, 561 (Flores), 569, 572, 575, 577, 593, 632. 63(5, 663, 811, 863, 1037, 1048, 1067, 1068. 1 He first asked audience of James I., in re the Virginia Colo- nies, between 14th and 29th of August, 1607 (p. 116) ; a second time ,| Sep- tember (p. 116) ; a third time H, Sep- tember (117) ; and a fourth time, 3d October (p. 118).] UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. 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