Β 3 3bM D57 
 
 ANDERBILT ORiENTAL SERiES— VOL. iX. 
 
 lEOO-PERSIAN NAMES 
 
5f 
 
 EXCHANGE 
 
THE VANDERBILT ORIENTAL SERIES 
 
 EDITED BT 
 
 Herbert Gushing Tolman and James Henry Stevenson 
 
 GRAECO-PERSIAN NAMES 
 
 ALVIN H. M. ST^ONECIPHER, Ph.D. 
 
 PROFESSOR IN INDIANA CENTRAL 
 UNIVERSITY 
 
 NEW YORK : CINCnTNATI : CHICAGO 
 AMERICAN BOOK COMPANY 
 
CS soao 
 
 COPTBIGHT, 191* 
 BT 
 
 Alvim H. M. Btonecifber 
 
TO 
 
 Herbert Gushing Tolman. LLD., S.T.D., PLD. 
 
 διδάσκαλο) πολυμαθεΐ 
 
 φιλφ άληθινι^ 
 
 καθηγψ-β σοφφ 
 
 9S6296 
 
FOREWORD 
 
 The following work has seemed necessary because 
 of two lines of interest which unite in this subject. 
 It is intended to be a contribution both to the pres- 
 ent all too scanty fund of information concerning 
 the Ancient Persian people and language and to the 
 interest and value of the Greek literature which 
 deals with this people. The value of an investiga- 
 tion of this subject is further enhanced by the fact 
 that so large a part of the Ancient Persian personal 
 names now extant are preserved in Greek literature. 
 
 Ferdinand Justi's exhaustive work, Iranisches 
 Namenhuch, furnishes a collection and historical 
 classification of Ancient Iranian names, to which 
 constant reference has been made during the prepa- 
 ration of this treatise. Due consideration has also 
 been given to the etymological phase of Justi's work. 
 The chief linguistic sources on w^hich the author has 
 relied are Tolman's Aficient Persimi Lexicon and 
 Texts and Bartholomae's Altiranisches Worterhuch, 
 Due reference to these and other works is found 
 throughout the volume. 
 
 Acknowledgment is here made of the valuable as- 
 sistance rendered in proof-reading by Dr. H. C. Tol- 
 man and Dr. E. L. Johnson, both of Vanderbilt Uni- 
 versity. 
 
 The author owes Professor Tolman special thanks 
 also for the personal interest which he has taken in 
 this work from the beginning and for the wise coun- 
 sel which he has ever been ready to give. 
 
 Alvin H. M. Stonecipher. 
 
 Vanderbilt University, August 24, 1917. 
 
 (v) 
 
TABLE OF CONTENTS 
 
 Paok 
 
 Foreword ν 
 
 Abbreviations vli 
 
 General Discussion 1 
 
 Grseco-Persian Names 15 
 
 Phonology 72 
 
 Ancient Persian Word-List 79 
 
 Hypocoristic Suflftxes 86 
 
 (vi) 
 
ABBREVIATIONS 
 
 Αγ. = Aryan. 
 
 Art. Sus. = Artaxerxes Inscriptions of Susa. 
 
 Av. = Avestan. 
 
 Bh. = Behistan. 
 
 Bthl., Grund. = Bartliolomse, Grundriss der iranischen 
 Philologie. 
 
 Btlil., Wb. = Bartholomae, Altiranisches Worterbuch. 
 
 Bthl., Zum Wb. = Bartholomae, Zum Altiranischen Worter- 
 buch. 
 
 comp. =:in composition. 
 
 Dar. NR. = Darius Inscriptions of Naks-i-Rustam. 
 
 Dar. Sz. = Darius Inscriptions of Suez. 
 
 Elam. =: Elamite. 
 
 Fragm. = Fragmenta Historicorum Grsecorum (MuUer). 
 
 GAv. = Ga(^ Avesta. 
 
 Goth. = Gothic. 
 
 Gr. = Greek. 
 
 Gram. = Grammaire du Vieux Perse (Meillet). 
 
 Gr. PN. = Grlechische Personennamen (Fick). 
 
 Hdt. = Herodotus. 
 
 Historical Grammar = Historical Grammar of the Ancient 
 Persian Language (Johnson). 
 
 hype. = hypocoristic. 
 
 I. E. = Indo-European. 
 
 IF. = Indogermanische Forschungen. 
 
 Keiper = Die Perser des Aeschylos. 
 
 KZ. = Zeitschrif t f iir vergleichende Sprachf orschung. 
 
 Lex. and Texts = Ancient Persian Lexicon and Texts (Tol- 
 man). 
 
 Madressa Jubl. Vol. = Sir Jamsetjee Jejeebhoy Madressa 
 Jubilee Volume. 
 
 Marquart = J. Marquart, Die Assyrika des Ktesias. 
 
 Middle Pers. = Middle Persian. 
 
 NB. = Iranisches Namenbuch (Justi). 
 
 New Pers. = New Persian. 
 
 (yii) 
 
viii Abbkeviations 
 
 0. Η. G. = Old High GermaiL 
 Oss. = Ossetic. 
 Pahl. = Pahlavl. 
 
 PPA. = present active participle. 
 PPfP. = perfect passive participle. 
 Seal Inscr. = Seal Inscriptions. 
 Skt. = Sanskrit. 
 
 Xerx. Pers. = Xerxes Inscriptions of Persepolis. 
 YAv. = Younger Avesta. 
 
 ZDMG. = Zeitschrif t der Deutschen Morgenlandischen 
 Gesellschaft. 
 
GENERAL DISCUSSION 
 
 1. An investigation of the etymology and meaning 
 of Graeco-Persian personal names is carried on, by 
 no means, without difficulties. One of these difficul- 
 ties is apparent from the very title given to this 
 work, Ge^.co-Peesian Names. The transmission of 
 these Persian names through any foreign medium 
 would naturally disguise them to a certain degree, 
 but this is especially true when that medium is Greek. 
 
 The Greeks are commonly reputed to have been 
 very inaccurate in the transcription of foreign names. 
 This reputation is justified, at least with regard to 
 their treatment of the Ancient Persian. Such names 
 as * Αρταξέρξης from Artaxsa^'a, Με-γάβνζος from Baga- 
 buxsa, 2/Λε/)δΐ5 from Bardiya, Ύζίσπη? from Cispi (Caispi), 
 and others testify to the freedom exercised by the 
 Greeks in this regard. 
 
 2. But there were real difficulties to be encountered 
 by the Greek writer who desired to record a Persian 
 name. There were certain sounds in some of these 
 names which could not be reproduced exactly by any 
 of the letters of the Greek alphabet. Chief among 
 them were those represented by the characters c, j, Θ, 
 O'^y V, and s. But variations in transliteration were 
 by no means limited to these. A glance at the chap- 
 ter on phonology will show that some of the other 
 letters have just as varied a representation. 
 
 3. Another difficulty and source of variety is one 
 which, however, cannot be charged against the Greek 
 historian. This lies in the possible lack of unity 
 within the Ancient Persian language itself or in the 
 
 (1) 
 
2 General Discussion 
 
 existence of a number of dialects which contributed 
 Iheir share to the special forms of the names received 
 by the Greeks. 
 
 4. The subject of Ancient Iranian dialects is one 
 of Λvhich little is known. Literary monuments of 
 but two of these ancient dialects have come down to 
 us, the inscriptions of the Achsemenidan kings and 
 the Avestan literature. The first of these was the 
 language of Per sis, the southwestern dialect; the 
 locality of the other has not been definitely deter- 
 mined. That other dialects existed is evident, but 
 nothin<y remains which furnishes direct knowledge. 
 The question of how far these dialects influenced the 
 proper names which the Greeks have handed down 
 to us as Persian is one which must, for the most part, 
 be left undetermined. The supremacy of the Achae- 
 menidans stamped many things as Persian which did 
 not be'ong to Persis proper. So a number of the 
 names which Greek authorities give as Persian may 
 have had their origin in other dialects. This, then, 
 may account in part for the frequent dissimilarity 
 between the Greek forms of the names and the cor- 
 responding Ancient Persian words. 
 
 5. As evidence of dialect influence upon certain 
 names given us by the Greeks as Persian is cited the 
 variety of forms in which I. E. tr > Ar. tr appears. 
 It is represented in Ancient Persian by θ"^ (Tolman; ς, 
 Meillet: r, AVeissbach), which was probably a sibilant. 
 This sound is reproduced by σ, σσ in Άσώάτψ, Τισσα- 
 φίρνψ^ and ^Ω/χισο9, by Θρ in Φαρναζάθρψ and ^Οξάθρα^ by 
 
 rp in '^ατραβάτη^ and Άτραδάττ;?, and by Bp in Μεγασιδρ»/?. 
 
 The δ /D, however, is doubtless only a Greek variation 
 of τ ρ or θρ. 
 
General Discussion" 3 
 
 The transliteration of θ (a spirant) also would seem 
 to afford some evidence of dialect influence. As a 
 part of the name of the god Mithra (written Mi^a, 
 Mitra for *Mi^'"a), it is represented by Gr» θ (an aspi- 
 rate) in ΜιΘραΒάτης and Μιθραφέρνψ, and by τ in Μιτρο- 
 βάτης and Μίτραφίρνης; elsewhere it is represented by 
 
 σ — viz., Άρτασυρας, Μασίστης^ and 'Ζατάσπης. 
 
 6. One should not, however, be too positive in the 
 contention that all these variant forms actually rep- 
 resent dialects. We know only the approximate 
 value of certain Ancient Persian symbols and there- 
 fore cannot determine how nearly they are approached 
 in sound by the Greek letters. Granting that no ex- 
 act equivalent for such symbols existed in the Greek 
 alphabet, which seems certain in the main, then we 
 must recognize the fact that the Greeks were forced 
 to choose merely the nearest representative. Very 
 naturally the choice varied with different writers. 
 It must be remembered also that the name of the god 
 Mithra, which forms the prius of some of the names 
 mentioned above, appears in the Art. Ham. inscrip- 
 tion under the form Mitra instead of Mi^ra, as else- 
 where. And it should be further noted that Anc. 
 Pers. 0, in the cases where it is represented by Gr. σ, 
 is from Ar. s < I. E. k, and corresponds to Skt. ς. 
 This sound is probably onl}^ imperfectly reproduced 
 by ^, being more of a sibilant than the other sounds 
 represented by this character. If this be the case, 
 Gr. σ would represent it much more nearly than Gr. Θ. 
 
 7. Involved in the question of Ancient Iranian dia- 
 lects is that of the unity within the Ancient Persian 
 language. In his Grammaire du Yitux Perse^ P^^e 
 4, Professor Meillet states that tliere are in the reli- 
 
4 General Discussion 
 
 gious and official vocabulary of the inscriptions ''^des 
 traces nomhreuses defalts etrangers au dialecte perse^'^ 
 and, continuing, he says, ''''et^ hors de la Perse^ il ex- 
 istait deja sans doute une litterature^ ecrite on, non 
 ecrite^ a laqueUe les Perses out empninte certaincs 
 formes qxtand Us ont eii a redicjer les inscriptions con- 
 servees.'''' Cf. also Johnson, Historical Grammar, 
 157, 158. 
 
 8. In support of this theory is offered the fact that 
 s and ζ sometimes represent Ar. s, Skt. ς, I. E. 6, and 
 Ar. z, Skt. j, I. E. g, respectively, although θ and d 
 are to be expected. The contention is that these de- 
 viations are contained in religious, official, and tech- 
 nical loan words from a literary dialect. 
 
 The words, however, which contain s instead of Q — 
 namely, asman, stone^ firmament ; asa, aspa (comp.), 
 liorse; vasiy, utterly; visa, vispa (comp,), all — seem 
 not to be especially strong in support of this theory. 
 In fact, they all express ideas sufficiently common- 
 place to be considered common possessions and not 
 the property of any special group. Neither do the 
 words containing ζ instead of d — namely, vazarka, 
 great ^ and zana (comp.), race^ j^eople — confirm this 
 theory. It is true that vazarka is used in the royal 
 title, yet it is frequently found in more commonplace 
 expressions (cf . Dar. Sz. c. 3, 4; hya D[a]rayavahaus 
 XSyahya xsa^^'am frabara tya vazarkam . . . icho 
 gave to Darius the king the kingdom^ which (is) great). 
 The form *vadarka nowhere occurs. Zana appears in 
 paruzana, containing many hinds of races ^ and vispa- 
 zana, containing all kinds ofraces^ which are merely 
 descriptive compounds of a general nature. 
 
 9. The following seems to be the proper interi)re- 
 
General Discussion 5 
 
 tation to place upon these facts. The Ancient Per- 
 sian sounds corresponding to Ar. s, Skt. ς, I. E. k, 
 and Ar. 2, Skt. j, I. E. g, were not reproduced exactly 
 by any of the characters of the cuneiform syllabary, 
 Ar. s being represented in Ancient Persian sometimes 
 by ^, sometimes by s; likewise Ar. ζ by d or z. This 
 conclusion is supported by the fact that s is never 
 substituted for θ when the sound represented is from 
 a source other than Ar. s — that is, from Ar. th or t — 
 and that ζ is never substituted for d when the sound 
 represented is from a source other than Ar. ζ — that is, 
 from d or dh. This may show that Θ < Ar. s repre- 
 sents a sound different from that of ^ < Ar. th or t, 
 and that d < Ar. ζ differed in sound from d < Ar. d 
 or dh. What this difference is is shown by the fact 
 that these sounds are sometimes represented by s and 
 ζ — that is, they partook of the nature of sibilants, 
 which is perfectly in keeping with their Indo-Iranian 
 origin. 
 
 10. But the question natm'ally arises, What deter- 
 mined the choice between these letters? Although 
 the data at hand are too meager to admit of conclu- 
 sive proof, yet they seem to warrant the naming of 
 two points which are related to these phenomena — 
 namely, phonetic environment and the historical 
 stage or stratum represented. 
 
 11. The influence of phonetic en\'ironment is seen 
 in asman, asa, aspa (< Ar. *asua), visa, vispa (< Ar. 
 *uisua), where Ar. s becomes the sibilant s instead of 
 the dental spirant θ when it stands before the labio- 
 nasal m or the labiodental u, and the s is retained after 
 u has passed over into p, for the sake of greater ease 
 in pronunciation. 
 
6 General Discussion 
 
 12. The iniluence of historical strata in the lan- 
 guage is recognized in several words. The two forms 
 asa and aspa represent different transitional stages, 
 thus: I. E. *ekuo-s > Ar. *asua > Anc. Pers. aspa > 
 *as(s)a > asa. likewise in the case of visa, vispa: I 
 E. *uikuo > Ar. *uisua > Anc. Pers. vispa > *vis(s)a 
 > visa. 
 
 13. The same conclusion may be reached also from 
 another angle. Both asa and aspa enter into compo- 
 sition. Asa is found in asabari, horseman; aspa in 
 uvaspa, possessing good Jiorses. Asabari is a military 
 term involving the organization of the fighting force 
 into horsemen and footmen, and indicates, therefore, 
 a later stage of civilization. On the other hand, the 
 idea contained in uvaspa is essentially primitive, being 
 used as an epithet of a district or section of country. 
 Moreover, aspa is always the form which enters into 
 proper names, which are, of course, primitive com- 
 pounds; cf. Aspacanah (see ^Αστταθίνης)^ Vistaspa (see 
 Ύστάσνης)^ and others. 
 
 Likewise both visa and vispa enter into composi- 
 tion. Visa is found in visadahyu, ofor pertaining to 
 all provinces^ vispa in vispazana, containing all l^inds 
 of races. Visadahyu is a compound resulting from 
 the organized political life of the empire composed 
 of provinces or satrapies; it is, therefore, a late com- 
 pound. But vispazana expresses a primitive idea 
 and is a word which would be coined early. So tins 
 also supports the conclusion that visa and vispa rep- 
 resent different stages in the development of the 
 word in one dialect, not in different ones. 
 
 The compound vispazana v>'as found above to be 
 primitive because of vispa and the general sense of 
 
Gexekal Discussion 7 
 
 the compound. This opinioD is upheld by the par- 
 ticular form zana, not *dana, since z, more closely 
 than d, resembles Ar. z. So both parts of the com- 
 pound are distinctively primitive. The form zana 
 appears also in the compound paruzana, which agi-ees 
 with the above opinion both in form and in meaning. 
 If the word occurred independently, it would doubt- 
 less have taken the form *dana, after passing through 
 the same development as dan, to hmnn^ Av. zan. 
 
 14. There still remain the words vazarka and vasiy, 
 which seem to defy rational explanation. The infer- 
 ence to be drawn from these two forms, together 
 with vi^a (if we thus read inst. vi<9aibis) instead of 
 the more usual visa, seems to be that where there was 
 no special influence brought to bear to determine the 
 sound of a word in favor of the sibilants, analogy or 
 lack of discrimination on the part of the scribe deter- 
 mined the choice in favor of one or the other. 
 
 15. It might seem proper that the names de- 
 scribed in this treatise should be considered merely 
 as Iranian, not Persian; but in view of the widespread 
 dominion and influence of the Achsemenidan kings, 
 of the phonetic and other considerations treated 
 above, and of the absence of positive proof that they 
 are of other dialects, they shall be treated from the 
 standpoint of Ancient Persian, although the possible 
 non-Persian origin of some is recognized. For ex- 
 ample, Μιθροβαρζάνψ (q. V.) might, because of ^, be 
 considered of dialectic origin; yet, considering the 
 influence of historical strata (§§12, 13), it is even 
 probable that *varzana is an older form of Anc. Pers, 
 vardana. 
 
 The imperfect correspondence of the two alphabets 
 
8 Genehal Discussion 
 
 should also be considered. So, although ^ατάσπι^ς 
 (q. V. ) may not appear at first to be thoroughly Per- 
 sian, it must be remembered that σ is probably the 
 nearest Greek representative of Anc. Pers. Θ < Ar. 
 s. And here also the influence of an older stratum 
 should be taken into consideration. Similar cases are 
 to be considered in like manner. 
 
 16. With regard to their form, Grseco-Persian per- 
 sonal names are to be divided into two classes: those 
 containing two stems and those containing one stem. 
 Those of the first class we may designate as full names; 
 those of the second, hypocoristic names, or Kose- 
 namen, 
 
 17. Pick, in his GriechischePei'sonennamen^ pointed 
 out very clearly the fact that Indo-European names 
 were originally made up of two stems; but as such 
 names were long and cumbersome, there arose the de- 
 mand for shorter and more convenient forms for 
 familiar use. Panini, the Hindu grammarian, recog- 
 nized this valuable principle that out of such a name 
 as Deva-datta might be made, from the prius, the 
 names Deva, Devaka, Devika, Deviya, and Devila, and 
 from the posterius Datta, Dattaka, Dattika, Dattiya, 
 and Dattila. So in Sanskrit both the prius and the 
 posterius, with and without suffixes, may be used in- 
 stead of the full name. 
 
 As was shown by Pick, these shortened forms are 
 very common in Greek. An interesting example of 
 this is found in Sappho (75, 77, Hiller-Crusius). In 
 these two fragments the person addressed is evidently 
 the same, but in the first the name is Μνασιδικα, while 
 in the other it appears as Δικά. 
 
 This principle may be seen also in names common 
 
General Discussion 9 
 
 in English. For example, Archibald gives Archy; 
 Eugene, Gene; Gertrude, Gertie and Trude (Trudie); 
 Elizabeth, Elsie and Betty; Herbert, Bert; Theodora, 
 Dora, and many others. 
 
 18. The Grseco-Persian names under consideration 
 also conform to this principle. Both the first and the 
 second elements of the compound names, with and 
 without suffixes, appear instead of the compound. 
 Generally one of the following suffixes is used in such 
 a Koseform: -a, -(a)iy^> "(a)ka, -(a)na, -(a)ra, -(i)ka, 
 -(i)na, -(i)ta, -(u)ka.^ Examples of hypocoristic names 
 formed without a suffix are: Μασιστ•»;?, Mt^pas, and MtVpa. 
 Sometimes a part of the posterius is retained with 
 the prius in forming a Kosename — e. g.^ Βαγατταΐο? from 
 Bagapata, Μιθροβαΐος from Mi^apata, and Μι^ροδαΓο? 
 from Mi^adata.^ 
 
 19. Aside from this general conformity to the orig- 
 inal Indo-European method of forming personal 
 names, there are also other points which indicate that 
 the single-stem names in Persian are derived from 
 those of double stem. 
 
 One of these is the fact that in the great majority 
 of cases where a stem is found in a single-stem name, 
 it is also found in one or more compounds. Some- 
 times a considerable group of names is formed, by 
 means of different suffixes, from a stem which appears 
 in a compound. The word baga is found in various 
 
 compound names, such as Βαγαττάτης and Μεγαδάτ?;?, 
 
 ^The initial vowel is placed in parenthesis because it is in 
 some cases, as originally, the final letter of the preceding syl- 
 lable, but in others it is a part of the sufiix. 
 
 2 For a complete list of hypocoristic names formed by the 
 various suffixes, see List of Hype. Suffixes. 
 
10 General Discussion 
 
 from which are derived the hypocoristic forms ΒαγαΓος 
 and Βαγατταιο?. From the name of the god Mazdah, 
 which appears in ^Ώρομάζης and YAv, MazdaSata, comes 
 the following list of hypocoristic names: Μάταια, Μα- 
 
 ζαΐος^ Μαζάκψ^ Μαζάρψ^ Μάζαρος^ Μαζηνης. From the 
 
 various names made of compounds with Mi^ra, such 
 as ΜίθραΒάτηζ^ wc havc the shortened forms Μιθραΐος^ 
 Μιθράνψ^ Μίθρας^ Μυθρηνψ^ Μίθρίνψ. Likewise farnah, 
 which is found in many double-stem names, gives us 
 
 Φαρνάκ7]{ζ), Φάρνακος^ Φαρνονχηζ^ Φαρνονχος. 
 
 Another indication that this is the correct interpre- 
 tation of the single-stem names is that they have no 
 meaning in themselves. It is only when we trace 
 them back to the original compounds that they be- 
 come intelligible. For example, Bayatos is meaning- 
 less, but the meaning of ΒαγαΒάτψ or Βαγαττάττ/ς is per- 
 fectly clear. Likewise the forms Μιθραΐος^ Μίθράνψ, 
 Μίθρας^ etc., are without signification; but the possi- 
 bility of these meaningless forms is explained by a 
 compound like ΜίθραΒάτψ. 
 
 20. There are a few names, however, which seem 
 to be somewhat irregular. Μ^δος, ^όγδιος, and per- 
 haps Μάρφιος are evidently only proper adjectives 
 which have in some way become applied to certain 
 individuals as personal names. These names are to 
 be considered as accidental and in no way referable 
 to the principle which governs the formation of Indo- 
 European names. Another name, Μαρδόντι/?, together 
 with what appears to be an Avestan cognate form, 
 Βαρζαίντψ^ seems to be only an adjective. It is, how- 
 ever, connected with the Persian name system, in that 
 its stem *bard belongs to the list of what may be 
 called the name-forming words, since we recognize 
 
General Discussion 11 
 
 it in Άριο/χάρδος (probably), Μάρδο? (Μερδι?, SftepSt?), 
 
 and 'Χμ€ρΒομ€νης. Such association must be regarded 
 as the cause for the use of the adjective formation 
 *bardavant as a name. 
 
 21. Among the various words of which names are 
 formed, there is one which demands special attention 
 here, because its meaning is not at first apparent, and 
 also because of the large number of names in which 
 it is found. This is Anc. Pers. arta (comp.). 
 
 The Avestan cognate of Anc. Pers. arta is arata, 
 which is used only in composition, but which is from 
 the same root as Av. asa. Asa means truth, right, a 
 sort of moral or divine order in the universe which 
 protects all that is good. This idea is then personi- 
 fied, by which Asa becomes the guardian and pro- 
 moter of good. 
 
 The antithesis of asa is draoga, which in its adjec- 
 tival use means deceitful, untrue; as a noun it means 
 deceit, lie. Then, as asa, it is personified as the de- 
 mon which cherishes falsehood and whatever is op- 
 posed to truth and right. 
 
 From this it is clear that in Avestan theology Asa 
 is the personification of what one might call the Con- 
 structive Force in the world, while Draoga is the per- 
 sonification of the Destructive Force. We shall now 
 see how these ideas are maintained in Ancient Persian. 
 First let us examine drauga, the cognate of Av. draoga. 
 
 According to Bh. 4, 33ff., Drauga causes rebellions: 
 *'Says Darius the king: 'These (are) the provinces 
 which became rebellious. Drauga made them rebel- 
 lious, so that these deceived the people.'" In Bh. 4, 
 36, 37 Darius warns his successors to guard against 
 Drauga; ''Says Darius the king: Ό thou who shalt 
 
12 Gexekal Discussion 
 
 be king in the future, protect thyself from Drauga.' " 
 In Dar. Pers. d, 12ff. Darius prays that his country 
 may be delivered from Drauga: "Says Darius the king: 
 ' . . . and let Ahura Mazda protect this country 
 from an evil host, from famine, from Drauga; may 
 not an evil host nor famine nor Drauga come upon 
 this country! ' " It is because Darius is not an ally 
 of Drauga (draujana) that Ahura Mazda aided him: 
 Bh. 4. βΐίϊ. : " Says Darius the king: ' For this reason 
 Ahura Mazda bore me aid and the other gods which 
 are, because I was not an enemy, I was not an ally of 
 Drauga (draujana), I was not a wrongdoer, neither 
 1 nor my family.' " Thus the conception of an Arch- 
 destroyer is clearly recognized in Drauga as in the 
 Avestan Draoga. 
 
 If Drauga is the Destroyer, who is the Builder and 
 Preserver? This is discovered from a study of cer- 
 tain Ancient Persian names. Artaxsa^^'a (^Αρταζίρξης) 
 means having his kingdom from Arta. Who Arta is, 
 we see from parallel names and words in Avestan and 
 Ancient Persian. There is the Avestan adjective 
 asapata, for which we have the evident Ancient Per- 
 sian equivalent in the name *Artapata (^Αρταττάτψ), 
 The Av. asapata means protected hy Asa; so the Anc. 
 Pers. *Artapata must mean protected hy Arta, The 
 Avestan adjective asaci^ra means Kamng Ms race 
 from Asa^ in correspondence with which we haΛ'e the 
 Ancient Persian name *Artazana (Άρτα^άνι^ς), which 
 must mean liamng Ids race from Arta. For the 
 Avestan name Asanamah, giving Asa worshij), we 
 have the Gra^co Persian Άρτάνης, out of Anc. Pers. 
 *Artanaraah, giving Arta worship. 
 
 From these parallels it is easily seen that the An- 
 
General Discussion 13 
 
 cient Persian conception of Arta was the same as the 
 Avestan conception of Asa, that of a divine govern- 
 ment, a Gottliche Weltordnung ^ which aids those who 
 act in accord with it, the perfect antithesis of Drauga, 
 just as Av. Asa is the antithesis of Draoga. 
 
 If merely political law were signified by arta in 
 these compounds, there would be no place for data, 
 which commonly appears in this sense in the inscrip- 
 tions. If rectitude were meant, it would be arsta: 
 "According to rectitude (arsta) I ruled," says Darius 
 in Bh. 4, 64. 
 
 Hence there is nothing to prevent the conclusion 
 that Anc. Pers. Arta conveys the same philosophical 
 idea as the Av. Asa, which may be expressed by such 
 terms as the Kingdom of Truth or Divine Govern- 
 ment. 
 
 22. It is well to notice also another rather prolific 
 name-forming element, farnah (comp.). As farnah 
 does not appear as an independent word in the in- 
 scriptions, but only in the name Vi"dafarnah (see 
 ^Ινταφίρνψ)^ we must look to other sources for its 
 meaning. Let us first investigate the signification of 
 the Younger Avestan cognate, x^'arsnah, and then de- 
 termine whether the Grseco-Persian names containing 
 farnah give evidence of a similar meaning for the 
 Ancient Persian form. 
 
 Dr. Eugen ΛVilhelm (Madressa Jubl. Vol., pp. 
 lo9ff. ), points out that YAv. x^'aronah has two mean- 
 ings, according as it is qualified by the adjective kaoya 
 or ax^'arota. 
 
 The kavaem x^aiQno is a sort of divine splendor 
 which attaches to the person of a legitimate king, 
 who was considered divine, and of such persons as 
 
14 Gexei?al Discussion 
 
 Zara^ustra. Such a king holds his place by the grace 
 of God and is possessed of divine right, which a 
 usurper cannot hold. 
 
 The x^'arano ax^aratam is of much more general ap- 
 plication, being used with reference to persons of 
 minor importance. . It is the fortunate circumstance 
 which brings success, glory, happiness. But since it 
 is called ax'^areta, unattainable^ it is the idealized goal 
 to which human beings aspire as the summicm honurn, 
 but which they seldom, if ever, attain. Perhaps the 
 words glory, fortune come as near as any to express- 
 ing this rather intangible idea. 
 
 Of the names containing farnah which support the 
 first of these meanings, perhaps Φαρναζάθρψ is the best 
 example. Interpreted freely, this name means pos- 
 sessing his Mngdom hy or through the ''^ farnah^'* which 
 points clearly to the royal x'aronah. Another is 
 Φαρναττάτης, protected by the ''''farnah^'' to which may 
 be added ^Οροφάρνηζ, whose ^^ farnah'''' is from Ahura. 
 
 But in other names farnah certainly has a more 
 general meaning. For example, ^αιταφίρνψ, whose 
 ''farnah'^'' is wealth; ^αηφίρνψ, v:hose '"farnah'''' is 
 well-being; *Ινταφ€ρν'ης, who finds his ^farnah.'''' 
 
 The meaning of some of the names containing this 
 word is somewhat obscure, while others are capable 
 of a double interpretation. The above discussion, 
 however, leads to the belief that we may safely in- 
 terpret Anc. Pers. farnah by approximately the same 
 meaning as that given to YAv. x^'aronah. 
 
GR^CO-PERSIAN NAMES 
 
 Αρίλτακα (μνήμονα: Hesjch., Πφσαι); probably 
 Ai'taxerxes Mnemon (cf. Justi, NB. 2). Oppert, Ze 
 Peujple et la Laiujue des Medes^ 229, emends Ά/3ιάτακ•α. 
 Cf. Anc. Pers. yam, to reach^ attain + prefix abiy, 
 unto; note YAv. jditdiy acquisition^ possession^ Middle 
 Pers. yat. 
 
 Ά/3ραίάτ>7ς. Anc. Pers. aura, lord (cf . Auramaz- 
 dah, Ahiira Mazda) + data, PPfP. of Anc. Pers. da 
 (I. E. *do), to give, or da (I. E. *dhe), to create; god- 
 given or god-created, 
 
 ^Αβροχόμας, Anc. Pers. aura, lord (cf. Auramaz- 
 dah, Ahura Mazda)\ posterius perhaps Anc. Pers. 
 kama, desire {oi, Justi, NB. 498), Av. kama, Skt. 
 kama; cf. Άρτακάμας (q. v.). 
 
 ^Αβροχόμης. See *Αβροκόμα<;. 
 
 Ά^ία/3άτα$. Prius may be connected with Anc. 
 Pers. ha^j, Skt. sanj; A v. *hax8a (PPfP. with tha, cf. 
 Bthl. Grund. 209, 8), that u^hich is lound, federation 
 (for γδ cf. Oss. a-yS, loin, A v. haxt); posterius Anc. 
 Pers. pata, PPfP. of pa, to j^rotect, Av. pa, Skt. pa. 
 
 Αοενγις. Hype, form based upon YAv. aSavi, ηη- 
 deceiving + suffix a. 
 
 (1δ) 
 
16 Grjeco-Persian Names 
 
 ^ASovOiog. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 *adus (neg. prefix a + dus (comp.), ill, A v. dus, New 
 Pers. dus, Skt. dus) + suffix (a)iya. 
 
 ^Αζάνης. Hype, form based upon YAv. aza 
 (eomp., New Pers. -az), directing, guiding, fr. az. 
 ^''agere,'''' Skt. -aja, Gr. -άγό? + suffix (a)na. 
 
 Αθώος. Perhaps YAv. A^uya. Etymology un- 
 certain. Cf. Bthl., AVb. 323. 
 
 ^Αμαζάστί'ης, Αν. *hamaza (ham + aza), a run- 
 ning or dashing togetJier, clash, Skt. samaja + Anc. 
 Pers. aspa (eomp.), horse, Av. aspa, Skt. agva; jpos- 
 sessing war horses; cf . Justi, NB. 124. 
 
 ^ Αμάζααηος, See 'λμαζάσττψ. 
 
 Αμγιατρις. Hype, form containing perhaps Anc. 
 Pers. *hamiyastra (cf. Anc. Pers. ham, ha, togetlier, 
 with, Skt. sam, and GAv. myastra(comp.), alliance)^ 
 ally, comrade. 
 
 ^ Αμετρης. See Άμήστρίζ. 
 
 ^ΑμίσΤρίζ. See ^Αμηστρις. 
 
 ^Αμόργγ^ς, Anc. Pers. u, good, Av. hu, Skt. su + 
 Anc. Pers. ^miiTga.y pasture, YAv. maraya (New Pers. 
 mary) ; j►^6>6•6•6^δ's^7? </ good pastures. 
 
 ^Αμνΐτη, See^A/xuTi?. 
 
 'ΆμνΤίς (for "Α/χουης). Anc. Pers. u, good, A v. 
 
Gr^co-Peksian Names 17 
 
 hu, Skt. su (cf . Άτόσσα, YAv. Hutaosa) + YAv. maiti, 
 thought (cf. Armen. hmut). See Tolman, PAPA. 
 45. 28. 
 
 Άι^αφάς. See Άνάφψ. 
 
 ^Ανάφης. Hype, form from **Αναφ€ρνψ (cf. 'Om- 
 φepvηs). YAv. varnat (comp.), from van, to gain^ win 
 + Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), renown^ glory ^ YAv. 
 x'^arsnah; cf . YAv. varnat-pasna, winning the hattle, 
 
 Άν5ρό/3αζΌς. Prius perhaps YAv. vandara 
 (comp.), possibly better read vandro, fr. vand, to 
 praise; probably influenced by Gr. άνδ/οο-; postering 
 YAv. bazu, arm^ Skt. bahu; possessing an arm de- 
 voted to glory; cf . in meaning YAv. Vandaromainis, 
 possessing a mind devoted to glory ^ and Gr. Υ^Χ^ομίν-φ. 
 
 Άι^οίίΤίς. See "Α/^υτις. 
 
 Αηαμα, Hype, form based upon A v. Apam (gen. 
 pi. of ap, sc. napat), genius of the waters^ after whom 
 the tenth day of the month was named (New Pers. 
 abam) -f suffix a; cf. New Pers. Mihr(a)bam (Mi^a 
 + apam). 
 
 Άράσπας. Αν. *ara, ready, ft (cf. GAv. arsm, 
 YAv. ar9m) -f Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), horse^ YAv. 
 aspa, Skt. a9va; jjossessing ready horses. 
 
 ^Αρβίάνης. Άρβ + ιανης (?); Justi, NB. 21, con- 
 nects 'αρβ- with YAv. aurva and -lav?/? with Av. yana; 
 treflichen Segen., Gliiclc geniessend. 
 
 2 
 
18 Gh^co-Persian Names 
 
 ^Αρβονηάλ'ης, Άρβον + τταλτ^ς (?); Justi, ΝΒ. 21, 
 connects 'αρβον- with *arbu, akin to 'αλφός, and -παλιάς 
 with a word akin to ττώλο?, colt, Goth, fula, I. E. 
 *fo(u); weisse Filllen besitzend; etymology doubtful. 
 
 ^ AΫγγιarr^ς, 'A/ay- is perhaps connected with YAv. 
 aroja, worthy, fr. ar9j, Skt. arh; -ηστψ suggests Αν. 
 asti, compamon. 
 
 Αργόσ^-η. Άργ- is perhaps YAv. arsja, icorthy, 
 fr. arsj, Skt. arh; for -οστ-η cf. Av. usti, wisL• 
 
 Άρδά^5ασ5ος. Variant of Άρτάβασ^ος (q. v.). 
 
 ^Αρηινος, Ace. to Justi, NB. 22, an incorrect 
 reading for Άρσίτψ (q. v.). 
 
 ^ApLaβίγ^r/;ς, Anc. Pers. Ariya, Aryan, YAv. 
 Airya, Skt. Arya + *bigna; cf. bigna in Bagabigna 
 (Bh. 4, 84-85). Justi, ZDMG. 49, 682, endeavors to 
 connect bigna with φοΐβος and renders it sple7idor; 
 cf. also NB. 489. Bartholom», Wb. 922, inquires 
 whether bigna is PPfP. of baj, to (jive as a share, Skt. 
 bhaj. 
 
 'Apta^og. Anc. Pers. Ariya, Aryan, YAv. Airya, 
 Skt. Arya; the Oosterius may be YAv. aza (comp., New 
 Pers. -az), directing, guiding, fr. az, ''''agere^'' Skt. -aja, 
 
 Gr. -αγός; cf. NotySa^os (q. V.). 
 
 'Aptalog. Hype, name from Anc. Pers. Ariya, 
 Aryan, YAv. Airya, Skt. Arya -f sulfix (a)iya; fr. 
 
 such a compound as ^Αριαμάζης or Άρίαμίνψ. 
 
Gr..i:( Ό-Ρι•:ΐί8ΐΑχ Xames 19 
 
 Άρια^ίά^>:ς. Anc. Pers. Ariya, Aryan, YAv. 
 Airya, Skt. Arya; posterius may be connected with 
 YAv. mazah, (jreatncss, Skt. mahas. 
 
 ^ Α^ίαμεντ,ς, Anc. Pers. Ariya, Aryan, YAv. 
 Airya, Skt. Arya + Anc. Pers. manis (comp. ), mind, 
 Av. manah. 
 
 AΫLάμvr^ς, Shortened from ^Αριαμίνψ (q. v. ) or 
 
 ^Αριαράμνης (q. V. ). 
 
 ^Αριαράμνης, Anc. Pers. Ariyaramna: Arsamahya 
 pita Ariyaramna Ariyaramnahya pit[a Cispis], tlie fa- 
 ther of Arsames (is) Arlaramnes; the father of Ari- 
 aramnes [/.s Teispes] (Bh. 1, 5); Anc. Pers. Ariya, 
 nom. pi. of Ariya, Α?η/αη, YAv. Airya, Skt. Arya + 
 *ramna, fr. *ram, to le or cause to le at peace, YAv. 
 ram, Skt. ram (Tohnan, Lex. and Texts, %^)\ hringhig 
 peace to the Aryans, 
 
 Αρίαστίης. Anc. Pers. Ariya, Aryan, YAv. Airya, 
 Skt. Arya + Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), horse, YAv. 
 aspa (New Pers. asp), Skt. agva. 
 
 Αρίβαζος, Variant of Άρωβαζο^ (q. v.). 
 
 ^Αρίβαως. Hype, form from a compound of Anc. 
 Pers. Ariya, Aryan, YAv. Airya, Skt. Arya and a 
 word beginning with b + suffix (a)iya; cf. Άρωβαζο<: 
 (q. V.) and ^Αρωβαρζάνψ (q. v.). 
 
 "Apt^og. Variant of Άρίαζος (q. v.). 
 
 ^Αριμένιτς. A'ariant of Αριαμίνψ (q. v.). 
 
20 Gh^co-Pi:i{siax Xames 
 
 ^Αρίόβαζος, Anc. Pers. Ariya, A/yan, YAv. 
 Airya, Skt. Arya + YAv. bazu, arrn^ Skt. bahu. 
 
 \\.ρίθβαρζάνγ;ς, Anc. Pers. Ariya, Aiyaii^ YAv. 
 Airj^a, Skt. Arya + Anc. Pers. vardana, toitm^ GAv. 
 vorozsna, YAv. varszana (New Pers. barzan), com- 
 munity, 
 
 ^Αρωμάζης. See Άρίαμάζης. 
 
 ^Αρωμάν^-^ς, Anc. Pers. Ariya, Aryan, YAv. 
 Airya, Skt. Arya; for the posterius cf. GAv. mand, 
 to he mindful, Gr. μαθύν, Goth, mundon; also Anc. 
 Pers. mazdah < Ar. *iiia(n)8dha (Tolman, Lex. and 
 Texts, 60). 
 
 Άρω^αρδος. Anc. Pers. Ariya, Aryan, YAv. 
 Airya, Skt. Arya; posterius -μαρ8ο<:^ proba1)ly YAv. 
 bsrozant, lofty. Cf . MapSos for Anc. Pers. Bardiya, a 
 shortened form of the same root (Tolman, Lex. and 
 Texts, 114). 
 
 ^ Αρωφάρνης, Anc. Pers. Ariya, Aryan, YAv. 
 Airya, Skt. Arya + Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), renoicn, 
 glory, fortune, YAv. x'^aranah. 
 
 Λ^ρΙαβας. Perhaps a variant of Ά/^άσπα? (q. v.). 
 
 ^ Αρισταζάρης, YAv. airista, unimpaired, Skt. 
 arista + Anc. Pers. zana (comp.), race, fr. *zan, to 
 give lirth, YAv. zan, Skt. jan; of unim^mired race. 
 
 'ΐ^ρμαμίΟρ-ης. Prius perhaps YAv. arama, arma 
 (comp.), ar//6 (New Pers. arm); posterius Anc. Pers. 
 
Gr^co-Persian IsTames 21 
 
 Mi^a, the god Mtthra^ A v. Mi^ra, Skt. mitra; whose 
 arm is liithra. The rough breathing was written 
 probably through a supposed connection with Gr. άρμα. 
 
 Λ^ρνάχ-ης. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 *arana (cf. hamarana, hattle, YAv. hamarana, Skt. 
 samarana), fr. at, to set m mofio?i + suffix (a)ka. 
 
 ^Αρνάπης, Anc. Pers. *arana (cf. hamarana, hat- 
 tie^ YAvw hamarana, Skt. samarana), fr. ar, to set in 
 m.otio7i + YAv. p8ifpiOtecti?ig, sustahmig; cf. -ττψ in 
 σατράτΓψ^ Anc. Pers. xsa^^apavan, satrap^ ki7igdo)ii- 
 sustaining, 
 
 ^A^pooaano (coin inscription). Transliteration 
 of YAv. Aurvataspa. Av. aurvant, swift^ Skt. aurvant 
 (Middle Pers. arvand) + Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), 
 horse^ YAv. aspa (New Pers. asp), Skt. 2j:^dL\ j^ossess- 
 ing svnft horses. 
 
 Άρηάτης {^Αρηάτης). Prius may be shortened 
 from YAv. arama, arma, ατ77ΐ (New Pers. arm); 
 posterius Anc. Pers. pata, PPfP. of pa, to protect, 
 Av. pa, Skt. pa. The rough breathing was written 
 probably through a supposed connection with Gr. 
 
 άρμα. 
 
 ^Αρσάκης. Anc. Pers. ArSaka: Arasaka nama 
 A^iyabaiisnahya[pTi^'"a], ^7•5(2(?έ^.9 hy name, {the soiil of 
 Athiyabaushna (Seal Inscr. a). Hype, form based 
 upon Anc. Pers. arsan (comp.), man, YAv. arsan, Gr. 
 αρσψ + suffix (a)ka (Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 67); 
 cf. 'Όάρσψ (q. v.). 
 
22 Gk^co-Persian Xames 
 
 Άρσά^ας. Anc. Pers. arsan (comp.), ???(i7i, YAv. 
 arsan, Gr. αρσψ -\- Anc. Pers. *ama, mighty YAv. 
 ama (Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 68); possessing the 
 might of a man. 
 
 ^Λ^ρσαμενης, Anc. Pers. arsan (comp,), 7nan, 
 hero, YAv. arsan, Gr. αρσψ + Anc. Pers. manis 
 (comp.), 7nind, A v. manah; hero-minded; cf. 'Ic/aa- 
 
 μ^νηζ (q. v.). 
 
 Λ.ρσάμΤ^. See ^Αρσάμας, 
 
 ^Αρσάμγ;ς. See Άρσάμας. 
 
 ''Apcrtg, Variant of Όάρσψ (q. v. ). 
 
 Άρσ^κας. See ^Αρσάκης. 
 
 Άρσ^^ας. See Άρσάμας. 
 
 Άρσίτ>7$. Hype, form based upon GAv. aras, 
 proper^ right ^ YAv. ars + suffix (i)ta. 
 
 ^ Αρταβαζάνης. Perhaps same as Άρτάβαζος (q. 
 V.) with patronymic suffix (a)na. 
 
 ^Αρτάβαζος. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine 
 government, ^''gottliche Weltordnung ,'^'' Arta (cf. Av. 
 asa), Av. ar3ta, Skt. rta + YAv. bazu, ar//?, Skt. bahu; 
 'whose arm {strength) is Arta. 
 
 'ApTa/3aj^>7$. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine 
 government, ''''gottliche Weltordniing,'''' Arta (cf. A v. 
 asa), Av. arata, Skt. rta + YAv. pana (comp.), 2>^0' 
 
Gr.eco-Persiax Xames 23 
 
 tection^ fr. Av. pa, to protect^ Anc. Pers. pa, Skt. pa; 
 
 whose protection is Ai'ta. 
 
 Άρτά(5α^ος. See Άρταβοίνη<;. 
 
 Άρτα/3άρίος. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine 
 government^ '''' gottliche Weltordnimg ^^ Arta (cf. Av. 
 asa), Av. arata, Skt. rta + Anc. Pers. bara (comp.), 
 fr. bar, to hear^ uphold^ Av. bara, Skt. bhara. 
 
 Άρτα,^άσδ>:ς. See Άρτάβαζος {ζ=σ8). 
 
 Άρτά/3ασδος. See Άρτάβαζος (ζ=σ8). 
 
 *Αρτ'α/3άτα$. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine 
 government^ ^^gottUche Weltordnung ^"^ Arta (cf. Av. 
 asa), Av. ar9ta, Skt. rta + Anc. Pers. pata, PPfP. of 
 pa, to protect^ Av. pa, Skt. pa; jwotected hy Arta. 
 
 Αρτα/3άτ>7ς. See ^Αρταβάτας. 
 
 Λ,ρτάβης, Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine gov- 
 ernment.^ ^^gottliche Weltordnimg^-'' Arta{ct. Av. asa), 
 Av. arata, Skt. rta + YAv. T^8L,protecti7nj, sustaining 
 (cf . -ττψ in σατράπης^ Anc. Pcrs. xsa^^'apavan, hingdom- 
 sustaining). 
 
 ^Α^ρταβ'ώης, Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine gov- 
 ernTnent^ '^gottliche Welto rd nun g,^^ Arta (cf. A v. asa), 
 Av. arata, Skt. rta + *vid, to know, understand.^ A v. 
 vid, Skt. vid, vida, knowing; understanding the di- 
 vine government of the loorld (cf . Skt. vedavid, under- 
 standing the Veda). 
 
24 Gk^co-Persian Names 
 
 Α^ρταγέρύγ^ς, Prius Anc. Pers. arta (comp. ), 
 YAv. ©rata, PPfP. of ar, ίοβχ, or arta (comp.), di- 
 vine govern J7ie7ity ^'gottliche Welt07'd?iung,^^ Arta {cf. 
 Av. asa), A v. arata, Skt. rta; posterius may contain 
 *garsa (cf . YAv. gar, to praise), 
 
 ^Aptayvpaag, Variant of Άρτα-γψσψ (q. v.). 
 
 Άρταξ'ώσττρ>7. Prius connected Λvith YAv. ar, to 
 fix^ establish^ PPfP. srota; the root is in Anc. Pers. 
 arta (comp. ), Av. arota; arta here may have only the 
 participial force, or it may mean divine goveryvment^ 
 ''''gottliclie Weltordnung ^^ Arta; for posterius Mar- 
 quart (636, 637) posits *zaostri as corresponding to 
 fem. of Anc. Pers. daustar, //v>7?i?. 
 
 ΆρτακαΜά. See Άρτακά/Αας. 
 
 Άρτακά/^α$. Prius connected with YAv. ar, to 
 fix^ establish^ PPfP. ©rata; the root is in Anc. Pers. 
 arta (comp. ), A v. arata; arta here may have only the 
 participial force, or it may mean divine government^ 
 '''gottliche Weltordnung ^'^'^ Arta; posterius probably 
 Anc. Pers. kama, desire^ Av. kama, Skt. kama; cf . 
 
 ^Αβροκόμας (q. V.). 
 
 ^Αρτάμης, Variant of Άρτάμ,νης (q. v.). 
 
 ^Αρτάμνης. Variant of Artamenes (Justinus 2, 
 10). Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine government^ 
 "'gottlicL• Weltordnung ^'''' Arta (cf. A v. asa), Av. 
 arata, Skt. rta + Anc. Pers. manis (comp.), mind^ Av. 
 manah, Skt. manas. 
 
Gr^eco-Peksian Names 25 
 
 ^Αρτάνης, Variant of ^Αρτάμνψ (q. v.). 
 
 Wpra^avy^g. Anc. Pers. arta (comp. ), which 
 here may correspond to YAv. orota, PPfP. of ar, to 
 fix, establish, or it may have the meaning of divine 
 government, '''gottllche Weltordnung,^^ Arta (cf. Av. 
 asa), Av. arsta, Skt. rta + Anc. Pers. zana (comp.), 
 race, YAv. zana, Skt. jana. 
 
 Άρτάζας. Variant of Άρτα$ίας (q. v.). 
 
 Άρταζάτας. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine 
 government, ''^gottUcJie Welto7'dnung,^^ A^'ta (cf. Av. 
 asa), Av. arata, Skt. rta + YAv. xsata, PPf P. of xsa, to 
 
 teach; taught, learned, i?i 7'egard to the divine govern- 
 ment of the world, Arta. 
 
 'Αρτα^έρξ>7ς. Anc. Pers. Artaxsa^'a: ^atiy Ar- 
 taxsa^^'a xsaya^iya vazarka . . . adam Artaxsa^^'a 
 xsaya^iya pu^^'a, says Artaxerxes the great king . . . 
 / (am) the son of Artaxei'xes the kiiig (Art. Pers. a. 
 8-13). Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine government, 
 '"'' gottliche Weltordming,'''* Arta (cf. Av. asa), Av. 
 arota, Skt. rta + Anc. Pers. xsa^^'a, kingdom, A v. 
 xsa^a (New Pers. sahr), Skt. ksatra (cf. Tolman, 
 Lex. and Texts, %^)\ possessing his kingdom throngh 
 Arta. 
 
 Άρτάζ>7ς. Variant of 'Apra^tas (q. v.). 
 
 Άρτα^^ας. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine gov- 
 emment, ''''gottliche Weltordnung,'^'' Arta (cf. Av. asa), 
 Av. arota, Skt. jta + Anc. Pers. xsaya (comp.; cf. 
 
26 GR^co-PEiisiAx Names 
 
 xsayarsan = αίρξψ), ling^ Av. xsaya, Skt. ksaya; 
 king through Arta. 
 
 ΆρτάοξΌς. Variant of Άρτάβαζος (q. v.). 
 
 ^ A.praovaa8yjg. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine 
 government^ ^''gottliche Weltordnung,^^ Arta (cf. A v. 
 asa), Av. arata, Skt. rta + YAv. vazdah (comp.), 
 
 permanence^ perpetuity ; ])ossessing perpetuity from 
 Arta. Cf. YAv. Asavazdah. 
 
 Άρτάπα^ος. Variant of 'Κρτάβαζο^ (q. v.). 
 
 ^Αρταηάνης, Variant of "Αρταβάνψ (q. v.). 
 
 ^ Apranarag, See 'λρταβάτα^. 
 
 Άρταττάτί^ς. See Άρταβάτας. 
 
 Άρτά7ΐ>7ς. See Άρτάβψ. 
 
 'Aprapto^. Perhaps from Άρταβάρως {q. v.); cf. 
 Justi, NB. 32, 37. 
 
 Άρτασοΰρας. Variant of Άρτασνρας (q. v. )• 
 
 Άρτασυρας. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine 
 government^ ^^gottliche Weltordnimg^^'' Arta (cf. Av. 
 asa), Av. arsta, Skt. rta + Anc. Pers. ^ura (comp.), 
 strong.^ powerful.^ Av. sura, Skt. gura; ji)i??/v?:/?iZ 
 through Aria. 
 
 Άρταί5κτ>7ς. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine 
 governmeiif^ '^guttliche Weltordnung,'''' Arta (cf. Av. 
 
Gr^co-Persiax Xames 27 
 
 asa), Av. arata, Skt. rta + A v. uxSa (fr. vac, tospeaJc^ 
 Skt. vac), that lohich is spokm, the word {r>fthe gods), 
 oracle. 
 
 ^Αρτανντη. Anc. Pers. arta (comp. ), divine gov- 
 ernment, '''gottlicheWeltordnung,'' Aria (cf. A v. asa)_ 
 Av. arsta, Skt. rta + A v. vanta, praise, 
 
 ^ApraVVTirg, See Άρτανντη. 
 
 ^Αρταφέρνης, Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine 
 government, ^^gottliche Weltordnung,'''' Arta (cf. A v. 
 asa), Av. arsta, Skt. rta + Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), 
 glory, fortune, YAv. x'aronah; cf. Μυτραφίρνψ (q. v.) 
 and Όροφίρνψ (q. λ'. ). 
 
 ^Αρταφρένης. Variant of Άρταφίρνης (q. v.). 
 
 'Αρτα;^αι>;•ς. Prius Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), di- 
 vine gove7'7i7nent, '^gottliche Weltordmmg,^'' Arta (cf. 
 Av. asa), A v. arsta, Skt. rta; ace. to Justi, NB. 34, 
 postering is A v. hay a, quality, characteristic (New 
 Pers. xim). 
 
 Άρτε^/3άρ>7ς. Anc. Pers. arta (comp. ; ace. case), 
 divine goveniment, '^gottliche Weltordming,'''' Arta (cf. 
 Av. asa), A v. arota, Skt. rta + Anc. Pers. bara 
 (comp.), fr. bar, to hear, uphold, Skt. bhara; cf. Άρτα- 
 βάριοζ (q. v.). Cf. Bthl., Zum Wb. 54. 
 
 ^Αρ^Τίβαρξ,άνγις, YAv. aroti (same as Av. a§i, 
 Bthl., Wb. 192), reward, also personified as the god- 
 dess who rewards piety with prosperity, Arti + Anc. 
 
28 Ge.kco-Peusiax Xames 
 
 Pers. vardana, town^ GAv. varozsna, YAv. varszana, 
 community^ society (New Pers. barzan). 
 
 ΆρΤί/3όλ>7ς. YAv. arati (same as Av. asi, Bthl. 
 Wb. 192), reward^ also personified as the goddess 
 who rewards piety with prosperity, Artl; posterius 
 doubtful. 
 
 ^Αρτίμας, YAv. arati (same as Av. asi, Bthl., 
 Wb. 192), reward^ also personified as the goddess 
 who rewards piety Λvith prosperit}^ Artl; posterius 
 perhaps connected with YAv. mazah, greatness^ abun- 
 dance. 
 
 ^Αρτοβαζάνης, Variant of Άρταβαζάνης (q. v.). 
 
 Άρτό^ας. Perhaps a variant of ^Αρτονχας (q. v. ) ; 
 cf. Justi, NB. 40. 
 
 Aprovryjg. Perhaps of same origin as Άρταυντη 
 (q. v.). 
 
 ^Αρτοξάρης, Variant of * Αρταξέρξης (q. v.). 
 
 ^ Αρτοξέρζης, Variant of 'Αρταξέρξης (q. v.). 
 
 Αρτόστης. Anc. Pers. arta (comp. ), divine gov- 
 ernmerit., ^''gottlicKeWeltordnung^'' Artai^oi. A v. asa), 
 Av. arata, Skt. rta + Av. usta, according to one's 
 luish^ loc. of usti, often used substantively in the 
 sense of welfare^ good fortune; ir hose welfare is from 
 Arta. 
 
 Αρτονχας, Prius may be connected Avith Anc. 
 
Gileco-Peesiax Names 29 
 
 Pers. arta (comp. ), dimne government^ ^^gottliche 
 Weltordmtng^'''^ Arta (cf . Av. asa), Av. arata, Skt. rta; 
 but arta here may have only the participial force of 
 YAv. orsta, PPfP. of ar, to fix^ estaUish; posterius 
 with Anc. Pers. va(h)u (comp.), good {ci. Vaumisa, 
 Darayavau), A v. vanhu. 
 
 ^ Α.γΊ:6χμΤις, Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine gov- 
 ernment^ ^'gottUcheWeltordtiung^'^'' Arta {cf. Av. asa), 
 Av. arota, Skt. rta + Av. vahma, supplicant; p)'^^y^'\ 
 praise; cf. Justi. NB. 516. 
 
 Άρτι^ό^ίος. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), dimne gov- 
 enmment^ '''' gottliclieWeltordnung ^'' Arta {(ά. Av. asa), 
 Av. ar9ta, Skt. rta; posterius may be connected with 
 Av. vaf (pres. ufya), to sing of ^ to praise in song; cf. 
 Justi, KB. 514. 
 
 Άρτ^ΰϊ^ττ^ς. Variant of ^Αρτανντης (q. v.). 
 
 ^Λ.ρτνστώνη. Anc. Pers. arta (comp.), divine 
 gover?iraenf^ "goftUche Weltord?iung,''^ Arta (cf. Ay. 
 asa), Av. arsta, Skt. rta; posterius perhaps Av. ustana, 
 ustana, life. 
 
 ΆρΤϋφίος. Variant of 'A/arr/Jios (q. v.). 
 
 Λ.ΟΊ'ώνη. See "Αρτωνις. 
 
 "AprcdVLg, Anc. Pers. *artauni, Ijelonglng to., ad- 
 herent of A?'ta^ A v. asaoni, fem. of asavan. 
 
 ^iVpvav^Yig. Perhaps of same origin as 'O/ooWas 
 (q. v.). 
 
30 Grjeco- Persian Names 
 
 Άσίαίά'Τα^. Variant of Άσώάτψ (q. v.). 
 
 \\σί8άτης, Anc. Pers. άΘΗ (comp.), Jre (cf. 
 a^''iyadiya, Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 62), Av. atar 
 (New Pers. aSar) + Anc. Pers. data, PPfP. of da 
 (I. E. *dhe), to create or da (I. E. *d5), to give; Fire- 
 given^ Fire-created. 
 
 Ασπαίάτ>7$. Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), liorse., 
 YAv. aspa (New Pers. asp), Skt. aQva + Av. datar 
 . (nom. data), giver^ Skt. datar; giver of horses. 
 
 ^ ΧαηαΟίνης, Anc. Pers. Aspacanah (Dar. NRd. 
 1). Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), ho7'se^ YAv. aspa (New 
 Pers. asp), Skt. agva + Anc. Pers. canah (comp.), de- 
 sire^ YAv. cinah (comp.), Skt. canas; having a desire 
 for /iO)'srs; cf. Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 71. 
 
 "Ασπαρίος. Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), horse, YAv. 
 aspa (New Pers. asp), Skt. a^va + suffix (a)ka; hype, 
 form derived from a double-stem name containing 
 aspa (cf. Άστταδάτϊ^? and others). 
 
 Ασηαμί'Τρης. Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), horse, 
 YAv. aspa (Ne\v Pers. asp), Skt. agva + Anc. Pers. 
 Mi^a, the god Jfithra, represented in the Avesta as 
 being drawn across the heavens by four white steeds, 
 Av. Mi^ra, Skt. mitra. 
 
 Α.α7ΐίσας, Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), horse, YAv. 
 aspa (New Pers. asp), Skt. a^va -|- Av. isa (comp.), 
 desiring, or Av. is, desire/ desiring or having a desire 
 for horses. 
 
GR^iiCO-PEitsiAN Xames, 31 
 
 ^ Αστάσηης. YAv. asta, eirj/it, Skt. asta + Anc. 
 Pers. aspa (comp.), horse^ YAv. aspa (New Pers. asp), 
 Skt. aQva; having eight horses; cf . YAv. Asta-aurvant, 
 having eight runners. 
 
 'Άστ>7$. Hype, form based upon YAv. asta, eight 
 (ef . ΆστάστΓϊ/ς (q. v. ) ; cf . also YAv. asta, messeiiger. 
 
 Άτόσσα. YAv. Hutaosa, Anc. Pers. u good., Av. 
 hu, Skt. su; for posterius Bartholouuie, AVb. 1822, 
 posits *taosa, thigh., Middle Pers. hutos, O. H. G. 
 dioh; cf . in meaning Skt. vamoru, Gr. καλλιπυγος. 
 
 Άτραέάτ>7ς. YAv. atara-data, atra-data, Anc. 
 Pers. dS^^i (comp.), fire., Av. atar, atara + Anc. Pers. 
 data, PPfP. of da (I. E. *dhe), to create, or da (I. E. 
 ^6.0)., to give; Fire-a^eatedox Fire-giveyi; cf. Άσιδάττ;? 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Άτροπάτλ^ς. YAv. Atsrapata, Anc. Pers. a^'i 
 (comp.), fire., Av. atar, atsra + Anc. Pers. pata, 
 PPfP. of pa, tojirotect., A v. pa, Skt. pa; Fire-protected. 
 
 χνιιραίάτ>:ς. See Ά/^ραδάτα?. 
 
 Αΰρο^ασδ>7ς. See Ώρομάζψ. 
 
 Λ.ντοβάρ•ης. Anc. Pers. '^auta, understa7iding 
 (cf. Y^xVv. aot, to under.sfand) + Anc. Pers. bara 
 (comp.), fr. bar, to bear, A v. bara, Skt. bhara. 
 
 Α^ντοβοίοάκης, Anc. Pers. *auta, understanding 
 (cf. YAv. aot, to underi<tand)\ according to Jiisti, 
 
32 Grjeco-Pehsian Xames 
 
 NB. 52, posteriiis may be connected with Armen. 
 boys, to plant ^ from which come busak, busanil. 
 
 Αΰτοφραίάτλ^ς. Anc. Pers. *auta, understanding 
 (cf. YAv. aot, to understand) + YAv. fra-data or 
 -Sata, PPfP. of da (I. E. *dhe), to male, or da (I. E. 
 *do), to give, with prefix frsLyJOrth; setjvrward, ad- 
 vanced; jprehninent in understanding. 
 
 ^Αχαιμενης, Anc. Pers. Haxamanis: Cispais pita 
 Eaxamanis (Bh. 1, 5, 6), the Jut her of Teispes (is) 
 Achasmenes, Anc. Pers. *haxa (nom. sing, in compo- 
 sition; cf Tohnan, Lex. and Texts, 131), friend, 
 YAv. haxi, Skt. sakhi + Anc. Pers. manis (comp. ), 
 mind (cf. A v. manah); friendly -minded. 
 
 ^Λχαίμεν'ώιης. Patronymic form of Άχαιμΐνης 
 (q. v.), the Greek patronymic being used to express 
 the Anc. Pers. proper adj. Haxamanisiya (Haxamanis 
 + suffix (a)iya), of the race of Achcemenes, Achm- 
 menidan. 
 
 Β 
 
 Βα^α<5άτ>7$. Anc. Pers. baga, god•, YAv. baya 
 (Middle Pers. bay) + Anc. Pers. data, PPfP. of da 
 (I. E. *dhe), to create, or da (I. E. *d5), to give; god- 
 a^eated, god-given (cf. in meaning Gr. Θεόδωρος). 
 
 Βά^αζΌς. Probably a corruption of Meya^Sa^o? (q. 
 V. ) or Meya;Sv^os (q. v.). 
 
 Βα^άθωος. Perhaps a corruption of Bagadata 
 (see BayaSaT?;?). Justi, NB. ^'^, suggests that ^ω = 
 tha < data. 
 
Ge^co-Pehsiax Xames. 33 
 
 ΒαγαΙος. Anc. Pers. baga, god, YAv. baya (Mid- 
 dle Pers. bay) + suffix (a)iya; hype, form of perhaps 
 
 Βαγαττάττ/ς (q. V.). 
 
 ΒαγαηαΙος, Hype, form of Βαγαττάττ^ς (q. v.); 
 first letter of posterius is retained and suffix (a)iya 
 added. 
 
 Βαγαηάηης. Ane. Pers. baga, god, YAv. baya 
 (Middle Pers. bay) + Ane. Pers. pata, PPfP. of pa, 
 to protect, Av. pa, Skt. pa; god-protected, 
 
 Βαγασάχης, Ane. Pers. baga, god, YAv. baya 
 (Middle Pers. bay); posterius may be YAv. saoka, 
 favor, advantage; Justi, NB. 509, posits Ane. Pers. 
 *saka, Skt. gaka, strength, 
 
 ΒαχοραξΌ^. Ane. Pers. baga, god, YAv. baya 
 (Middle Pers. bay) + Av. razar, command, order. 
 
 Βαρ/ω5άραν (aee.). Shortened from Bαyωδαpαvαv 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Ba/6)iapami^ (aee.). Ane. Pers. baga, god, 
 YAv. baya (Middle Pers. bay) + YAv. darana, ybr- 
 tress, Skt. dharana; having the gods as his fortress, 
 
 BaSp)7g. Justi, NB. 56, posits A v. *ba8ra, ^'gluck- 
 lich;' ''Gluck,'' New Pers. bahr, Skt. bhadra; hype, 
 form. 
 
 Βα^άκ>7$ (ό θαυμαστός). Hype, form of perhaps 
 Ά/οτά^α^ο5 (q. V.) with suffix (a)ka. 
 3 
 
34 Grjeco-Persian Xames 
 
 Βαζ'άλ'37$. Hype, form of perhaps 'Α^ρταβαζάνη^ 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Βαζαφαρμάνγις. Variant of Βαρζαφάρνης (q. v.). 
 
 Βαρξ'αελ'Τ>7ς. Υ A v. Borazavant, Υ A v. baroz, barsz, 
 
 high + suffix vant; cf . Bthl. Wb. 960. 
 
 Βαρζάνης, Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 vardana, town^ GAv. vorszona, YAv. varazana (New 
 Pers. barzan), community^ society; perhaps from 
 ^Αριοβαρζάνψ (q. v.). 
 
 Βαρζαφάρνης, YAv. barez, bsrsz (comp.), high 
 + Ane. Pers. farnah (comp.), glory ^ renown, YAv. 
 x'aranah; havlfig high renown, 
 
 Βάρ>7$. Perhaps variant of Βάδρτ^ς (q. v.). 
 
 Bapm/3a^O$. Variant of ^α.ρνά.βαζο% (q. v.). 
 
 BapoakvUYiq, See Bap^acVxiy?. 
 
 Βαρσίι^)^. Justi, NB. 6tt, posits A v. *varesaena, 
 fr. YAv. varosa, hair + suffix aena; ''''die Gelockie;''^ 
 perhaps a hypo, form based upon varosa + suffix (i)na. 
 
 Βασσάχης. Variant of Βαγασακης (q. v.). 
 
 Β>7λουρος. Aeeording to Pott, ZDMG. 13,384, 
 conneeted with New Pers. belur, he7yl, 
 
 ΒίΟθάνης, See Ύστάνψ, 
 
Gu^co-Pehsiax Names 35 
 
 Boyrjg. Hype, form based upon A v. buj, release^ 
 deliverance^ fr. Υ A v. buj, to release^ save + suffix a. 
 
 Βό^ος. Perhaps hype, form of Bagabuxsa (see 
 
 McyaySv^os). 
 
 Βονβάχης. Anc. Pers. *bu, earthy land (cf. Anc. 
 Pers. biimi, earthy Skt. bhumi), Skt. bhu + GAv. 
 baga, allotment^ Skt. bhaga; possesshig an allotment 
 of land; cf. Skt. bhubhaga, spot of earthy and Βονβάρης 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Βονβάρης. Anc. Pers. *bu, earthy land (cf. Anc. 
 Pers. bumi, eart/i, Skt. bhumi), Skt. bhu + Anc. 
 Pers. bar a (comp. ), hearing^ possessing^ Υ A v. bara, 
 Skt. bhara; possessing land; cf . Skt. bhubhrt and Βου- 
 βάκψ (q. v.). 
 
 ΒονγαΙος, Hype, form based upon Av. buj, re- 
 lease^ deliverance^ fr. YAv. buj, to release^ save + 
 suffix (a)iya; cf. Βόγ>;ς (q. v.). 
 
 Βοι;πάρ>7$. Variant of Βονβάρψ (q. v.). 
 
 Βράξ'ας. Incorrect reading for ΒαρζαΙντη^ (q. v.). 
 
 Γ 
 
 Τωβρίας, See Τωβρνα^. 
 
 Γω/3ρι;α$. Anc. Pers. Gaubruva: Gaubruva Patis- 
 uvaris Darayavahaus xsaya^iyahya arstibara, Gohryas^ 
 a Patischorian^ spearbearer of Darius the king (Dar. 
 NRc). According to Justi, IF. 17, Anz. Ill, *gau, 
 cattU + *baruva, Skt. bharu, lord; Urd of cattle. 
 
36 Gu^co-Pehsian Xames 
 
 Αα^ονχος, Cf. Anc. Pers. [Datujhya, Bh. 4, 85 
 (cf. Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 98). The supplement 
 [datu-] is uncertain. The Babylonian gives za-*-tu-'-a. 
 Bartholomae, \Yb. 731, reads Daduhya and suggests a 
 possible connection with Ar. *d(h)uns, to pant^ Uow^ 
 with intensive reduplication. 
 
 Ααϊφά^νγις. Υ Αν . dahi (comp. ) , creation + Anc. 
 Pers. farnah (comp. ), glory ^ YAv. x'^aranah. 
 
 Δ^αίφε^νης. See Δαϊφάρνί/ς. 
 
 Ααμασηία. Fem. formation from YAv. Jamaspa. 
 The prius *jama is connected by Justi, NB. 109, with 
 Skt. janman, hirth^ production, giving it the meaning 
 of race; posterius is Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), horse, 
 YAv. aspa, Skt. agva. 
 
 Δα^άτας. By metathesis from Αατάμας (q. v.). 
 Ααοϋχος, See Δαδουχος. 
 Ααρειαία. See Δαρείος. 
 Δαρειαίας. See Δαρείος. 
 
 ΑαρείΟίος. See Δαρείος. 
 
 Δαρείος. Anc. Pers. Darayavau: adam DarayavauS 
 xsaya^iya vazarka, I (am) Darius the great king (Bh. 
 1, 1). Anc. Pers. daraya(t), PPA. of dar, to hold, 
 possess, Av. dar, Skt. dhr + Anc. Pers. va(h)u (comp.), 
 good (cf. Vaumisa), A v. vanhu, Skt. vasu. 
 
Gk^co- Persian Names 37 
 
 ΑαγΐΥΐκτ^ς, Hype, form of Aapeto? (q. v.) with 
 suffix (a)ka. 
 
 Δατά^ας. See Αατάμης. 
 
 Δατά^>7ς. Perhaps hype, form of a full name 
 composed of Anc. Pers. data, law + a word begin- 
 ning with m, perhaps Mi^a (ef. Justi, NB. 81). 
 
 Ααταφέρνης. Prius either Ane. Pers. data, PPfP. 
 of da (I. E. *d5), to give, Av. da, or Anc. Pers. data, 
 law, fr. da (I. E. *dhe), to create, Av. da; posterius 
 Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), glory, fortune, ΎΑχ. 
 x^arsnah. 
 
 Ααν^ίσγις, Prius perhaps YAv. davi (eomp.), de- 
 ceit; posterius may be connected with Υ A v. ris (pres. 
 irisya), to harm,, injure; cf. Justi, NB. 82, 508. 
 
 Αγι'ίόκτις. Perhaps hype, form of Anc. Pers. *da- 
 hyaupati, governor of a province, Av. dainhupaiti with 
 suffix (a)ka (cf. Justi, NB. 76). 
 
 Δοτά^ίίας. See Δατά/χτ;?. 
 
 Δώτος. Doubtless hype, form of a name contain- 
 ing Ane. Pers. data, as PPfP. of da (I. E. *dhe), to 
 create, or da (I. E. *do), to give, or with the meaning 
 Ιαΐΰ. 
 
 Ε 
 
 Έ$άθρ)7ς. See Όξ<1θρψ. 
 
 ^Εξαόρτιτς, Origin uncertain; cf. Ό$άθρψ (q. v.) 
 
 and Ζωροάστρης (q. V. ). 
 
38 Gr^co- Persian Xamks 
 
 Ενφράτας, It would seem that cu represents here 
 the Anc. Pers. u, well, Av. hu, Skt. su; posterius is 
 connected by Justi, IF. 17, Anz. 116, with *frata, 
 βΓβ (Armen. hrat; nnto whom the fire is gracious, 
 Bartholomew, AVb. 1830, however, regards the poste- 
 rius as a loan word. 
 
 Ζ 
 
 Ζαμάσφης. From Υ Ay. Jamaspa (q. v. under 
 
 Δα/χασπια). 
 
 Ζάμης. Probably hype, form from YAv. Jamaspa 
 
 (q. V. under Δα/Ααστταχ); cf. Ζαμάσφψ (q. v.). 
 
 Ζαρίάδρ>7ς. YAv. Zairivairi, fr. YAv. zairi, yel- 
 low, gilt + YAv. vairi, (comp.), hreastplate; having 
 a gilt hreastplate. 
 
 Ζωροάστρ>7$. Greek name of the Avestan Zara^- 
 ustra, fr. *zarant, old, Skt. jarant + Av. ustra, camel; 
 whose camels are old (BthL, Wb. 1676); but Justi, 
 NB. 381, considers the Greek form Ζωροάστρψ to be 
 from YAv. zavar, power + YAv. yastar, worshiper, 
 sacrificer; cf. also Pott, ZDMG. 13, 425, and Rapp, 
 {bid. 19, 34. Ascoli, Beitrage z. vgl. Spr. 5, 210. 
 
 Η 
 
 ^Έ.λικος. May be hype, form based upon YAv. 
 hareka, rejected; probably influenced by Gr. ηλικία. 
 
 * Η ρώδ37 ς . See ΎρώΒψ. 
 
Gk^co-Peksian Names 39 
 
 ^l^Epvyjg. See ΎΒάρνψ. 
 
 Ιεραμενκις. Prius perhaps Av. vira, mmi^ Jiero^ 
 Skt. vira, influenced by Gr. ιερός; posterius Anc. Pers. 
 manis (comp. ), mlnd^ A v. manah; having a hero- 
 mind; cf. in meaning '^ΚρσαμΙνη^ (q. v.). 
 
 Ίξ'α/ί?άτ>7ς. See ^Ι^αβάτψ. 
 
 ^Ιθαμίτρης, May be from Anc. Pers. vi^, 7Oyal 
 race, Av. vis, Skt. νίς + Anc. Pers. Mi^ra, the god 
 Mithra, Av. Mi^ra, Skt. mitra; inverted compound; 
 
 cf. ^ Αστταμίτρης (q. V.). 
 
 ^ΙμαΙος, Hype, form based upon Av. Yima, Skt. 
 Yama, New Pers. Jam(set), Jamshid — L β., Yimo xsaeto, 
 Yima the glorious + suffix (a)iya; cf . Y. 9. 4. 
 
 ^[νταφερνης, Anc. Pers. Vi°dafarnah; Vi''dafar[na] 
 nama Pa[rsa] mana ba"daka avamsam ma^istam akun- 
 avam, Intaphernes hy name, a Persian, ray subject, 
 him I made chief of them (Bh. 3, 84, 85). Anc. Pers. 
 *viMa(t), PPA. of *vid, to find, Av. vid, Skt. vid + 
 Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), glory, fortune, YAv. 
 x^'aranah; cf. Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 126. 
 
 ^Ιζαβά^ης, Av. aesa, poioerful, fr. is, to he 
 master over, + Av. paiti, lord, rider (New Pers. bad), 
 Skt. pati. Marquart reads Izadbates, Av. yazata, 
 worshipful, god (INIiddle Pers. yazat, New Pers. izad) 
 + Anc. Pers. pata, PPfP. of pa, to protect, Av. pa, 
 Skt. pa. 
 
40 GBuECO-Persian Names 
 
 ^Ιζαλβάτγις. Corruption of Ίξαβάτης (q. v.). 
 
 ^Ισ^εγέρ^ης. See ΊσΒιγέρ^ψ. 
 
 ^Ια8ηγερ8ης. See ΊσΒιγίρΒης. 
 
 ^Ισ^ίγέρ8γ]ς. Αν. yazata (PPfP. of yaz, to worship^ 
 Anc. Pers. yad, Skt. yaj), worship/id, god (Middle 
 Pers. yazat, New Pers. izad) + Anc. Pers. karta, 
 PPfP. of kar, to make, Av. kar, Skt. kr. Cf . Izdgerd, 
 Yazdkart. 
 
 ^ΙσογαΙος. Corruption of SoyStos, the I being from 
 the preceding ΔΗΜΩΙ and A for Δ, ace. to Justi, NB. 
 305. 
 
 'laravyjg. Variant of Ύστάνψ (q. v.). 
 
 Κ 
 
 Καμβύσης, Anc. Pers. Ka^bujiya: Ka°bujiya 
 nama Kuraus pu^'"a amaxam taumaya, Camhyses hy 
 name, the son of Cyrus, (was) of owr family (Bh. 1, 
 28). Bartholomae, Wb. 436, suggests *ka"bu + jiya 
 (cf. YAv. jya, sinew), "'mit Sehnen aus -?-"; cf. Foy, 
 KZ. 35, 62 and Justi, NB. 490. 
 
 Καρτώ^>7ς. prius perhaps Anc. Pers. kara, the 
 people, army; posterius may be either Anc. Pers. 
 tauma, family, in which case the compound would 
 mean possessing a family of the army — i. e. , belonging 
 to the warrior-class (cf. Pott, ZDMG. 13, 443), or 
 Anc. Pers. tauman, jwwer, might (cf. Bthl., \Yb. 623; 
 Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 91). 
 
Οκ.ΐί'ϋ-Γι•:κ8ΐΑχ Names 41 
 
 ΚομαΊ'ης. Anc. Pers. Gaumata: pa[sava] I martiya 
 magus aha Gaumata nama, afterwards there vjas one 
 ma7i, a Magian^ Gaumata hy name (Bh. 1, 36). Av. 
 gau (in comp. gao, Anc. Pers. *gau), coio^ also prod- 
 ucts of cattle, such as fleshy milk (mixed with haoma 
 in sacrifices), Skt. go; posterius perhaps mata, PPfP. 
 of Anc. Pers. ma, to measure^ Av. ma, Skt. ma; here 
 perhaps with the sense of a-mata, -proved skillful or 
 capable in; as applied to Magian or priest the mean- 
 ing of the compound would be: measured^ proved or 
 tested^ in the use of cattle or their products in the sac- 
 rifices. Against this view see Bthl., Wb. 484. 
 
 Κρανάσηης. For prius Justi, NB. 499, posits 
 
 Anc. Pers. *krana, from New Pers. kuran, "gelb- 
 
 I>raun^\' posterius Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), horse, 
 YAv. aspa, Skt. a9va. 
 
 Κι•α^άρ>7$. Uvaxstra, Bh. 2, 15; 4, 19. Anc. Pers. 
 u, good, Av. hu, Skt. su + *vaxstra, fr. Av. vaxs, to 
 grow, Skt. vaks (cf. Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 77). 
 
 Κύρος. Etymology and meaning doubtful, proba- 
 bly non-Iranian name. The Persians are said to have 
 connected the meaning with '' sun " (Justi, NB. 167). 
 According to Strabo 729, the original name before the 
 assumption of that of the river Cyrus was Agradates. 
 If Γ is to be read, we might compare YAv. ayra, highest, 
 not country (-given), as Sayce Hdt. 69; if T, we have 
 Atradates, the reputed father of Cyrus (Ctesias in 
 Nicol. Damasc, Miiller, Fragm. lU, 398), Av. atar 
 (Middle Pers. atur, New Pers. SiCLQx),fire, The pos- 
 terius in both cases is data, PPfP. of Anc. Pers. da 
 
42 Gr^co-Persian Names 
 
 (I. E. *dhe), to create^ Av. da, or Anc. Pers. da (I. 
 E. *do), to give^ A v. da. 
 
 Αίαως, Justi, NB. 183, connects with Av. srira, 
 heautifiil. 
 
 Αυθίμνας* Perhaps hype, form connected with 
 YAv. uru^man, growth, fr. Υ A v. raod, to groxo (cf. 
 Justi, NB. 183). 
 
 Μ 
 
 Μα/α5άτ>7ς. Variant of Βαγαδάτι?? (q. v.). 
 
 Μαχαίος. Variant of Βαγαΐο? (q. v.). 
 
 Μαέάτας. Anc. Pers. mah, month, Av. mah, 
 moon- god, Mah (New Pers. mah), Skt. mas + data, 
 PPfP. of Anc. Pers. da (I. E. *dhe), to create, A v. 
 da, or Anc. Pers. da (I. E. *do), to give, Av. da; Mah- 
 created or Mali-given. 
 
 Μαδέτ>7ς. Variant of Μαδ<χτα9 (q. v.). 
 
 Μάδρ>7$. See Βάδρτ/ς. 
 
 Μαζ'αία. See Μα^αΓος. 
 
 Μαζ'αως. Anc. Pers. mazdah (in Auramazdah, see 
 'Ώρομάζψ), Av. mazdah, miiidful, hiowing all (cf. A v. 
 mazda, to hold in mi?id, rememler) + suffix (a)iya; 
 hype, form perhaps of *Mazda-data (see data in Ba- 
 
Gr^co-Pp:esiax Names 43 
 
 γαδατί;?) ΟΓ Mazda-pata (see pata in Βαγαπάττ/ς) ; of. Ba- 
 γαΐος (q. V. ). 
 
 ^Ιαζάχης. Hypo, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 mazdah (in Auramazdah, see ΏρομΛζψ)^ Αν. mazdah, 
 mindful^ hnovnng all (cf. Av. mazda, to hold in irnnd^ 
 7'ememhe7') -f suffix (a)ka; cf. Ma^atos (q. v.). 
 
 Μα^άρλ^ν Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 mazdah (in Auramazdah, see ^Ορομάζης)^ Αν. mazdah, 
 mindful^ knowing all (cf . Av. mazda, to hold in m ind^ 
 rememhei') + suffix (a)ra; cf. Μα^αΐο? (q. v.). 
 
 Μάξ'αρος See Μαζάρη^. 
 
 ^1αζ•ηνγις, Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 mazdah (in Auramazdah, see ^Ωρομάζψ)^ A v. mazdah, 
 mindful^ knowing all (cf. A v. mazda, to hold in nvrnd^ 
 rememher) + suffix (a)na; cf. Μάταιος (q. v.). 
 
 Μά>7ς. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. mah, 
 month^ Av. mah, moo7i^ moon-god^ Mah (New Pers. 
 mah), Skt. mas, perhaps with suffix a. 
 
 ^Ιαφονζάνης. Anc. Pers. mah, month^ Av. mah, 
 moon^ moon-god., Mah., Skt. mas + YAv. bujyana, 
 participial adj. fr. buj, to release., save; having release^ 
 salvation through Mah; cf. Μιθροβονζάνη^ (q. v.). 
 
 Μαώάτας. Variant of Μαδάτα? (q. v.). 
 
 "Μαΐφαρνος, Anc. Pers. mah, month., Av. mah, 
 moon^ QYioon-god^ Mah., Skt. mas + Anc. Pers. farnah 
 (comp.), glory., fortune., YAv.x^aranah; having the 
 
44 Gr^^co-Persiax Xames 
 
 glory of the moon or having his glory ^ fortune from 
 Mah, 
 
 Μα6φάτ)7$. Anc. Pers. mah, mouthy Av. mah, 
 moon^ moon-god^ Mah^ Skt. mas -j- pata, PPfP. of 
 Anc. Pers. pa, to protect^ Av. pa, Skt. pa; Mah-pro- 
 tected, 
 
 Μάϊ^δρ>7ς. Perhaps corrupt reading for Βάδοι;? 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Μάραφ6$. See Μά/^φιος. 
 
 Μαρδόϊ^ιος. Anc. Pers. Marduniya (Bh. 4, 84). 
 According to Justi, NB. 195, derived from *mardvan, 
 mercy^ Av. *merezvan, with suffix ya to the weak 
 form mardun; but Bartholomae, Wb. 1151, connects 
 with *marduna, " Winzer^'^ comparing New Pers. mul, 
 wine^ Skt. mrdvika, mne; cf . also ZDMG. 54, 359. 
 
 Μαρδοζ^Τ)7$. Anc. Pers. *Bardavant, YAv. Barsz- 
 avant (cf . Anc. Pers. vardana = GAv. vsrazana, YAv. 
 varszana). Anc. Pers. *bard, high^ YAv. barez, bardz 
 + suffix vant; cf. Bap^acvT»;? (q. v.). 
 
 Μάρδος. Anc. Pers. Bardiya: avahya Ka°bujiya- 
 hya brat[a Bardijya nama aha, of this Camhyses there 
 was a hr other Bardiya (the S/>tepSts of Hdt.) ly name 
 (Bh. 1, 29, 30). Anc. Pers. *bard, high, YAv. barsz, 
 bsrsz + suffix (a)iya; cf. Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 
 114. Cf . the full names Άριό/Ααρδος and ^^,μερΒομίνψ. 
 
 Μάρδωι^. May be variant of Μαρδόηο? (q. v.). 
 
Ge^co-Persian Xames 45 
 
 Μάρφίος. Perhaps same as the proper adj. Μαρά- 
 
 φΐ05 (cf. Μαράφιοι, Hdt. 1, 125 and Μαράφιον, Hdt. 4. 
 
 167), Marapliian; cf. Keiper, 89. 
 
 Μασα/3άτ37ς. Prius perhaps YAv. mazan, great- 
 ness; posterius Anc. Pers. pata, PPfP. of pa, to pro- 
 tect^ Av. pa, Skt. pa. 
 
 Μασ6στ>7ς. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 ma^ista, greatest^ YAv. masista. 
 
 Μασ6στιος. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 masista, greatest^ YAv. masista -[- suffix (a)iya. 
 
 Μασίστρ)7ς. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 masista, greatest^ YAv. masista + suffix (a)ra. 
 
 Μασκά^)7$. Perhaps YAv. mas, great + Anc. 
 Pers. kama, desire^ Av. kama. 
 
 Ματάκ>7ς. Anc. Pers. mata, PPfP. of ma, to 
 measure^ A v. ma, Skt. ma + suffix (a)ka; hype, form 
 perhaps of Κο/Αάτ>;ς (q. v.). 
 
 Μεχα^άξ'>7ς. See Mcya^a^os. 
 
 Με/ά/?αζΌ$. Anc. Pers. baga, god^ YAv. baya 
 (Middle Pers. bay) + YAv. bazu (New Pers. bazu), 
 arm^ Skt. bahu; having God as his arm {st7'e7}gth). 
 
 lslεγaβάΫr^ς, Anc. Pers. baga, god^ YAv. baya 
 (Middle Pers. bay) + Anc. Pers. bara (comp.), fr. bar, 
 to hear^ YAv. bara, Skt. bhara; god-hearing^ god-sup- 
 
46 Gr^co-Persiax Xames 
 
 po7'ting, or god-supported (cf. Anc. Pers. asabari, 
 
 moxmted ση hoi'ses). 
 
 ^Ιεγαβάττης. See Βαγαττάτψ, 
 Μεγαβερνης. See Μεγαφίρνψ. 
 
 Τ^Ιεγάβνζος. Anc. Pers. Bagabuxsa; Ba[gab]uxsa 
 nama [Datujhyahya pu^^'a Parsa, Megahjzus hy name^ 
 the son of JDatuhya^ a Persian (Bh. 4, 85). Anc.• Pers. 
 baga, god^ YAv. baya (Middle Pers. bay) 4- *buxsa, 
 fr. *buj, YAv. buj (Middle Pers. boxtan), to free (Tol- 
 man, Lex. and Texts, 113). 
 
 'M,εγahάl:γις, Variant of Βαγαδάττ/ς (q. v.). 
 
 ^lεγah6arης, Anc. Pers. baga, god^ YAv. baya 
 (Middle Pers. bay) + Anc. Pers. *dusta, PPfP. of 
 *dus, to take pleasure i7i^ love^ Av. zus; helovedof God 
 (cf. in meaning Gr. Θεόφιλο?). 
 
 ΊϋΙεγάηανος, Anc. Pers. baga, god^ YAv. baya 
 (Middle Pers. bay) + YAv. pana, protection, Skt. 
 pana; Jiaving God as his protection, 
 
 'Μ.εγαα'ώρας, Anc. Pers. baga, god^ YAv. baya 
 (Middle Pers. bay) + Anc. Pers. ci^'^a, race^ lineage^ 
 Av. ci^ra (New Pers. cihr), Skt. citra; having his 
 lineage from the gods (cf. in meaning Gr. ©coycViys). 
 
 Μεγαφερνης, Anc. Pers. baga, god^ YAv. baya 
 (Middle Pers. bay) + Anc. Pers. farnah (com p.), 
 glory, fortune, YAv. x'^arenah. 
 
Gileco-Persian ISTames 47 
 
 ^Ιενίύχος. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 manis (comp.), mind, Av. manah -f- suffix (a)ka. 
 
 Τ^Ιενοστάνης, Perhaps Anc. Pers. manis (comp.), 
 mind, realm of the intellect, Av. manah, Skt. manas 
 + Anc. Pers. stdiXiSi, j^ace, Skt. sthana. 
 
 Μερδίς. See Μάρδος. 
 
 Mjiyiog. Anc. Pers. Mada, Median, 
 
 Μ>7θραφερλ^?7$. See Μιτραφ^ρνης. 
 
 'ΜηΊ'ράστης, Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god MitJu^a, 
 Av. Mi^a (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra + A v. va- 
 hista, lest, superl. of vanhu, Anc. Pers. va(h)u (comp.), 
 Skt. vasu; cf . Justi, NB. 216. 
 
 Μ/θαρος. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 Mi^a, the god Mithra, A v. Mi^a (New Pers. Mihr), 
 Skt. mitra; cf. Μιθρα^άτψ (q. v.). 
 
 Μιθραέάτ>7$. Anc. Pers. Mi^ra, the god Mitlira, 
 Av. Mi^a (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra + Anc. Pers. 
 data, PPfP. of da (I. E. *dhe), to create, Av. da, Skt. 
 da, or da (I. E. *do), to give, Av. da, Skt. da; Mithra- 
 created or Mitlira-cjiven, 
 
 Μιθραίος. Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god Mithra, A v. 
 Mi^a (ΝβΛν Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra + suffix (a)iya; 
 hype, form perhaps of Μιθρα^άτψ (q. v.) or of a similar 
 compound with Mi^ra. 
 
 MSfavYic,, Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god Mithra, Av. 
 
48 Gr^co-Persian ΙΝΆπεβ, 
 
 Mi^a (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra + suffix (a)na; 
 hype, form of a double-stem name containing Mi^a 
 
 (cf. Μίθρα^άτης). 
 
 '^Ιιθραξ'ώης, Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god Mtthra, 
 Av. Mi^a (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra; posterius 
 probably shortened from Anc. Pers. xsaya (comp.), 
 king, Av. xsaya, Skt. ksaya, or Anc. Pers. xsa^^'a, 
 Jcingdom, Av. xsa^a, Skt. ksatra, with a Greek patro- 
 nymic ending attached; cf. Justi, NB. 216. 
 
 Μίθρας. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 Mi^a, the god Ifithra, A v. Mi^a, (New Pers. Mihr), 
 Skt. mitra; cf . ΜιθραΧο^ (q. v. ). 
 
 'Ήίώ^ατάχμγις, Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god Mithra, 
 Av. Mi^ra (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra + Anc. Pers. 
 tauma, YAv. taoxman, seed, germ, Skt. tokman; of the 
 seed ofMithra, For the relation of Anc. Pers. tauma 
 to YAv. taoxman, see Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 91. 
 
 ΜίθραΰσΤ>7$. See Μητρώστης, 
 
 Μ-ίθρ-ηνης. See Μι,θράνψ. 
 
 '^Ιίθρώάτ'ης. See Μιθρα^άτψ. 
 
 Mt^ptSa-rig. Feminine of ΜιθριΒάτψ (q. v.). 
 
 ^ΙίθρΙνης, See Μίθρψψ, 
 
 ^ίίθροάζης. Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god MUJira, 
 Av. Mi^ra (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra + YAv. 
 vaxsa, ivord, or YAv. vaxsa, growth. 
 
Gr^eco-Persian Names 49 
 
 ΜίθροβαΙος. Hype, form of *Mi^apata (see Mt- 
 
 τροβάτψ)\ cf. Βαγατταϊο? (q. V.) fr. Βαγαπάτί^?. 
 
 '^Ιώ^οβα^ζάνης. Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god 
 Mitkra^ Av. Mi^ra (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra + 
 Anc. Pers. vardana, town^ GAv. vorszana, YAv. 
 varszana (New Pers. barzan), community^ society; cf. 
 ^Αρτφαρ$άνψ (q. v.). 
 
 Μίθροβονζάνγις. Anc. Pers. Miftra, the god 
 Mithra^ Av. Mi^a (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra + 
 YAv. bujyana, participial adj. fr. buj, to release^ save; 
 having release^ saltation through Mithra; cf . MatySov- 
 ζάνψ (q. v.). 
 
 Mt^poSalog. Hype, form of *Mi^radata (see Mi- 
 ^/οαδάτϊ^ς); cf. Μιθροβαΐος (q. v.) from *Mi^apata. 
 
 ^Ιίθροηανϋτης, See Μίθρωττάστψ. 
 
 'Μίθρωηάστης. Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god Mithra. 
 Av.Mi^a (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra; posterins 
 may be Anc. Pers. npasta, aid, help, YAv. upasta; 
 whose help is Mithra, 
 
 Μίτρα. See Μίθρας. 
 
 ΜίΤραγάθης, Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god Mithra, 
 Av. Mi^ra (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra; Justi, NB. 
 213, connects posterius with YAv. ga^a, hymn, Skt. 
 gatha; he ivho sings Mithra-hyyyins. 
 
 ΜίΤραδάτ>7ς. See Μιθρα.Ζάτψ. 
 4 
 
50 Gr^co-Persian Names 
 
 ΜίΤραΙος. See Μίθραΐος. 
 
 ΜΐΤράΐ'>7$. See Μυθράνψ, 
 
 "ΜίΤραφέρνης. Anc. Pers. Mi^ra, the god Jfithra^ 
 Av. Mi^a (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra + Anc. Pers. 
 farnah (comp.), glory, fortune, YAv. x^'arQnah. 
 
 ΜιΤρο/3άτ>7$. Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god Mithra, 
 Av. Mi^ra (New Pers. Mihr), Skt. mitra + Anc. Pers. 
 pata, PPfP. of pa, to protect, Av. pa, Skt. ^sl; protected 
 hy Mithra, 
 
 ^oa^kpvYi^, Prius evidently Mavs, a Saka-king, 
 130-110 B. C.j in the Indian inscriptions called Moa 
 (cf. Justi, NB. 200); posteriiis Anc. Pers. farnah 
 (comp.), glorij, YAv. x^'aranah; having the glory of 
 Moa. 
 
 ^ΙονχαΙος, Perhaps variant of Βουγαΐος (q. v.). 
 
 Μυξος. Perhaps variant of Bo^os (q. v.). 
 
 Ν 
 
 Νά/3αζΌ$. Hype, form based upon YAv. nav^za, 
 navigator^ sailor; cf. Justi, NB. 218. 
 
 Να/3αρζ'άλ'>7ς. Prius Να- uncertain; posterius Anc. 
 Pers. vardana, toxon, GAv. vwazona, YAv. varazana 
 (New Pers. barzan), community; cf. ^Αρωβαρζάνψ 
 (q. v.). 
 
 'Νίφάτης. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 
Ge^eco-Peesian Names 51 
 
 napat, grandson^ Av. napat (Νβλν Pers. nava), Skt. 
 napat + suffix a; perhaps connected with Apam Napat, 
 genius of the waters; of. Justi, NB. 229; Bthl., Wb. 
 1039; also Άπ(ί/χα (q. v.). 
 
 Νορο>'δα/3άτί7ς. Incorrect form for Όρον^αβάτης 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Νΰσα. Hype, form containing Υ A v. anaosa, un- 
 
 threatened by destritctioiiy hninovtal, 
 
 Νι;σ>7. See Νυσα. 
 Νυσία. See Νΰσα. 
 Νΰσσα. See Νυσα. 
 
 Ηερξι?^. Anc. Pers. Xsayarsan: adam Xsayarsa 
 xsaya^iya vazarka . . . Darayavahaus xsaya^iya- 
 hya pu^^'a Haxamanisiya, / {am) Xerxes the great 
 king^ . . . the son of Darius the hing^ the Achae- 
 menidan (Xerx. Pers. a. 6 11). Anc. Pers. xsaya 
 (comp.), Mng^ ruler ^ Av. xsaya, Skt. ksaya + Anc. 
 Pers. arsan (comp.), man^ Υ A v. arsan, Skt. rsabha, 
 Gr. αρσψ\ cf. Tohnan, Lex. and Texts, 84. 
 
 
 
 Όάρσ)7$. Perhaps xlnc. Pers. *uvarsan, of good 
 virility^ strength^ fr. Anc. Pers. u, good^ Av. hu, Skt. 
 su + *varsan, Skt. vrsan, that ivhich is distwguished 
 for virility or strength. 
 
52 GRiECO-PERSlAN NaMES 
 
 ΌάρΤ)7$. Variant of Όάρσψ (q. v.). 
 
 *Οβορζος, Prius perhaps Anc. Pers. va(h)u 
 (comp.), good, A v. vanhu, vohu (comp.); posterius 
 YAv. barazan, height, fr. YAv. barez, high (New 
 Pers. burz). For ο < vohu cf. Όδάτι? (q. v.). 
 
 Όίάτίζ. YAv. Vohudata, fr. vafihu, vohu (comp.), 
 good + data, PPfP. of da (I. E. *dhe), to create. 
 
 Οιβάρας (ΟΙβάρα^). See ΟΙβάρψ. 
 
 Οιβάρης, According to Nicolaiis of Damascus, the 
 name means άγαθάγγ€\ος. If this be true, the prius Oi- 
 (cf. Oto- in ΟΙόβαζος) must come from Anc. Pers. va(h)u 
 (comp.), good, A v. vanhu, vohu (comp.); posterius 
 Anc. Pers. bara (comp.), fr. bar, to hear, Ay. bara, 
 Skt. bhara; hearer of good; cf. also Justi, NB. 232. 
 
 ΟΙόβαζος. Prius perhaps Anc. Pers. va(h)u 
 (comp.), good, A v. vanhu, vohu (comp.); posterius 
 YAv. bazu, arm-, Skt. bahu. 
 
 ^Οκοντοβάτης, Incorrect reading for Όροντοπάτης 
 (q. v.). 
 
 ^ΟΤ^φερνης, Variant of ^Οροψίρνης (q. v.). 
 
 Ομάργης. Variant of Άμόργψ (q. v.). 
 
 Όμάργγ]ς. See Όμ,άργψ. 
 
 Oμaprr^ς, Perhaps incorrect reading for Όμάρ-γψ 
 (q. V. ), Τ being for Γ. 
 
Gr^.co-Persian Xames 53 
 
 Όμάρτης. See Όμάρτψ. 
 
 ^OμovSoβάry;ς, Incorrect reading for *ΟροντοπάΓψ 
 (q. v.). 
 
 ^Ova<p£pvy;g. YAv. vanant, PPA. of van, to win 
 + Anc. Pers. farnah (comp. ), glory, fortune, YAv. 
 x^arsnah; wimiing glory; cf. vanant in YAv. vano- 
 vispa. 
 
 Όνόφας, Hype, form of ΌναφΙρνψ (q. v.); cf. 
 Άνάφψ (q. v.). 
 
 ^Οζάθρης, Αν. huxsa^a, ruling %cell, good rxtler, 
 Anc. Pers. u, good, Av. hu, Skt. su + Anc. Pers. 
 xsa^'^a, rule, hlngdom, A v. xsa^ra, Skt. ksatra. 
 
 Ό^ο3άτ>7$. YAv. vaxsa, growth, fr. A v. vaxs, to 
 grow, increase, exalt + data, PPfP. of Anc. Pers. da 
 (I. E. *dhe), to create, A v. da, Skt. da. 
 
 Ό^υάθρ>7$. Variant of 'Ό^άθρψ (q. v.); υ proba- 
 bly influenced by ο^υς; cf . Justi, NB. 232. 
 
 Ό^ι;άρΤ)7$. Perhaps variant of Όξάθρη^ (q. v.); 
 of. Όξνάθρψ (q. v.). 
 
 Όζνθρης, See Όζνάθρψ. 
 
 Όζνρό-ης. See Χοσρόης. 
 
 Ορζίνης, Perhaps hype, form based upon Av. 
 varacah, po^ver, honor, dignity, Skt. varcas + suflix 
 (i)na. 
 
54 Gn^iico-PEiisiAN ^^ames 
 
 'OpoavSyjg, See 'Οδόντας. 
 
 ^Ορόβαζος. Anc. Pers. aura, yod, Ahura, A v. 
 ahura, Skt. asura + Υ A v. bazu, arm, Skt. bahu; hav- 
 hig Ahvra as his arm {might); cf. Μεγάβαζος (q. v.). 
 
 Οροβάτγις. Anc. Pers. aura, god, Ahura, A v. 
 ahura, Skt. asura + pata, PPfP. of Anc. Pers. pa, to 
 protect, Av. pa, Skt. pa; god-protected, Ahura-pro- 
 tected. 
 
 Όροι^δα/3άτ)7$. Variant of '^Οροντοττάτψ (q. v.) 
 
 ^Opovhanavrrig, Variant of Όροντοττάτι^ς (q. v.). 
 
 ^Ορον^άτγις, A fuller form would doubtless be 
 ^ΟρονΜάτψ. Prius YAv. aurvat (comp.), shortened 
 from Aurvataspa, fr. aurvant, sioift (Middle Pers. 
 arvand), Skt. arvant + Anc. Pers. aspa (corap. ), 
 horse, YAv. aspa (New Pers. asp), Skt. agva; possess- 
 ing swift horses, Aurvataspa (New Pers. Arvandasp), 
 sun-god; posterius Anc. Pers. data, PPfP. of da (I. 
 E. *dd), to give, Av. da, Skt. da, or da (I. E. *dhe), 
 to create, A v. da, Skt. dha; given or created hy Aur- 
 vataspa, 
 
 Όροϊ^Τας. Hype, form based upon Av. aurvant, 
 sxoift, (Middle Pers. arvand), Skt. arvant; perhaps 
 
 from Όρονδάττ;? (q. Λ.) or ^Οροντοηάτης (q. V.). 
 
 ^Opovryjg. See 'Οδόντας. 
 
 ^Οροντοηάγας, Prius Av. aurvant, sivift (Middle 
 Pers. arvand), Skt. arvant; Justi, NB. 235, suggests 
 
Gk^co-Persiax Names 55 
 
 a connection of the postevius Avith Skt. pajas, strength, 
 or, if one read -πάλα? for -τταγας, with a Avord akin to 
 Gr. πώλο5, colt (cf. *Αρβονπάλης)', but it would Seem 
 better to read -πατάς (with Τ instead of Γ), making 
 the name equivalent to "Όροντοττάτψ (q. v.). 
 
 ^Ορονταηάττις, Υ Αν. aurvat (comp,), shortened 
 from Aurvataspa, fr. aurvant, swi/t (Middle Pers. 
 arvand), Skt. arvant + Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), 
 /io?'se, Av. aspa (New Pers. asp), Skt. agva; possess- 
 ing swift horses, Aur^oataspa (New Pers. Arvandasp), 
 sun-god; posterius Anc. Pers. pata, PPfP. of pa, to 
 protect, Av. pa, Skt. pa; protected hy Au7'vataspa. 
 
 ^Οροφέρν-ης, Anc. Pers. aura, god, Ahura, A v. 
 ahura, Skt. asura -f Anc. Pers. farnah (comp. ), glory, 
 fortune, YAv. x^arsnah; luhose glory is from Ahura. 
 
 Όρρ6>7$. See Όσρόψ. 
 
 Ορσόβαρις, Perhaps from Av. varocah, j^ower^ 
 honor, dignity, Skt. varcas + Anc. Pers. bara (comp.), 
 hearing, sustaining, fr. bar, to hear, Av. bar, Skt. bhr. 
 
 *0ρσοοάτ>7ς. Prius perhaps A v. varacah, poioer, 
 honor, dignity, Skt. varcas; posterius Anc. Pers. data, 
 PPfP. of da (I. E. *do), to give, Av. da, Skt. da, or 
 da (I. E. *dhe), to create, A v. da, Skt. dha. 
 
 Όρι;ά^δ>7ς. See Άρυάι/δτ^ς. 
 
 Όρώ(5>7ς. See Ύρω^ψ. 
 
 Όθ8οόης, See Όσ/οον. 
 
56 Gr^co-Persian Names 
 
 Οβρόης. See Χοσρόψ. 
 
 Οτάγης, Perhaps Anc. Pers. u, good^ well, A v. 
 hu, Skt. su + YAv. taka (New Pers. tag), running, 
 course; cf. Justi, NB. 236. 
 
 ^Οτάνης. Anc. Pers. Utana: U]ta[na n]ama ®ux- 
 rah[y]a [pu^'^a] Parsa, Otanes hy name, the son of 
 Thulchra, a Persian (Bh. 4, 83, 84). Perhaps Anc. 
 Pers. u, good, Av. hu, Skt. su + *tana, extension, 
 Skt. tana; having good posterity ; cf. Bthl., Wb. 1823. 
 
 Ότάσπ>7$. For prius Pott, Et. Forsch. Π, 530, 
 suggests Av. vata, wi7id, Skt. vata; Justi, NB. 236, 
 Anc. Pers. *huta, Skt. suta, '^angetrieben''^'', posterius 
 Anc. Pers. aspa (comp. ), horse, Av. aspa (New Pers. 
 asp), Skt. aQva. 
 
 OihiaarYig, Perhaps Anc. Pers. *ujasta, fr. u, 
 good, well, Av. hu, Skt. su + *jasta, PPfP. of jad, 
 to pray, YAv. jad (PPfP. jasta); Uessed (cf. New 
 Pers. xujasta). Bthl., Zum. Wb. 161, suggests Anc. 
 Pers. *udyasta (cf. YAv. yah, to gird), or *udyasta, 
 fr.Anc. Pers. yad, to luorship, YAv. yaz. 
 
 Οΰορώδ>7$. See *ΥρώΒης. 
 
 Π 
 
 JlapaavSyjg. Justi, NB. 244, suggests a shortened 
 (hype.) form of *Parsandata, fr. *parsana, battle, Pahl. 
 par§an + Anc. Pers. data, PPfP. of da (I. E. *dhe), 
 to create, A v. da, Skt. dha; or perhaps *par savant. 
 
Ge^co-Persian Names 57 
 
 ΐίαρνσαης^-σάτις), Anc. Pers. paru, much^ Av. 
 paru + Anc. Pers. siyati, happiness^ YAv. sati. 
 
 ΥΙααάχγις, Perhaps hype, form connected with 
 New Pers. pas, from a compound such as *zairipaxsa, 
 with yellow mane^ with suffix (a)ka; cf . Justi, NB. 244. 
 
 ΤΙατζάτης. Possibly hype, form based upon Av. 
 paitizanta, PPfP. of zan, to know^ Anc. Pers. dan, 
 with prefix paiti. 
 
 ΥΙατνιγνας. Etymology uncertain. 
 
 Tlariζε'ώr^ς. Etymology uncertain. Perhaps a 
 better form is Τίατζάτψ (q. v. ) ; cf . Justi, NB. .519. 
 
 Πατφά^α(|)/7$. Justi, NB. 507, suggests Anc. Pers. 
 patiy, Av. paiti + a word akin to Gr. Λά/αττος; r^- 
 splendent; cf. in form YAv. Paitidra^a. 
 
 Τίετησάχης. Justi, NB. 509, connects the prius 
 with Pahl. patai, permanent; for the posterius he 
 posits Anc. Pers. *saka, strength, Skt. gaka; cf . Ba- 
 
 yaadKYjs ( q. V. ) . 
 
 Ώ.ραξάστί'ης. YAv. paroska, value, price + Anc. 
 Pers. aspa (comp.), /wrse, YAv. aspa (New Pers. asp), 
 Skt. agva. 
 
 ΐΐροέζης, Justi, NB. 255, posits Av. *frahax§a, 
 ''^der aufmunternde^ e^'ziehende,^"^ 
 
 ΠυράτΤί$. See Παρυσατι? 
 
58 Gr^co-Persian Names 
 
 Ρ 
 
 Ύαβεζάχης. Incorrect reading for {®νγατί)ρα Βα- 
 ζάκον (see Βαζάκης)^ according to Justi, NB. 256. 
 
 'Ραδινής, See *Ραθίνψ. 
 
 *Ραθίνης. Hype, form based upon YAv. ra^a, 
 chariot^ Skt. ratha, with suffix (i)na. 
 
 'FadovixYjg, Variant of 'Pa^tViys (q. v.) with the 
 suffix (i)ka. 
 
 '?ανοσβάτ7;ς. Perhaps GAv. Xdinei, fighter^ war- 
 rior ^ or YAv. rana, cornhat + Anc. Pers.* spada 
 (comp. ), army^ GAv. spada; cf. Anc. Pers. Taxma- 
 spada, possessing an army of heroes. 
 
 'Ρβομίθργις, Prius perhaps YAv. rava, (comp. ), 
 rayu, swift, ready (cf . Pick, Gr. PN. CXXXII; Justi, 
 NB. 260); posterius Anc. Pers. Mi^a, the god Mithra, 
 Av. Mi^ra, Skt. mitra. 
 
 ^νο^οβάχτ^ς. Incorrect reading for *Οροντο7Γάτΐ7? 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Ύohoγovvη. Anc. Pers. *rudra, red, Skt. rudhira, 
 Gr. ipvOpos (cf. Justi, NB. 183) + YAv. gaona, hair, 
 color (New Pers. gun); having red hair or color. 
 
 ^FoLoaxyjg, See ''Ρωσάκψ. 
 
 'Ρωδάσπ>7$. Prius perhaps connected with Anc. 
 Pers. *rudra, red, Skt. rudhira, Gr. ερυθρός (cf. Justi, 
 
Gk^co-Peksian Names 59 
 
 NB. 183); posterius Anc. Pers. aspa (comp. ), horse^ 
 Av. aspa (New Pers. asp), Skt. a^va; having red 
 hoi'ses. 
 
 *Ρω^άϊ^>7. Fern, form of 'Ρω^άι/τ?? (q. v.). 
 
 Ρωξάνης, Hype, form based upon YAv. roaxsna, 
 
 brilliant, resplendent. 
 
 Ρωττάρας. Perhaps same as Τωβρνας (q, v.). 
 
 Fonapyjg. See 'Ρωπάρας. 
 
 Ρωσακης, Hype, form based perhaps upon YAv. 
 raocah, bright, shilling, with suffix (a)ka. 
 
 ^αθραβονζάνι^ς, Anc. Pers. xsa^X kingdom, Av. 
 xsa^a, Skt. ksatra + YAv. bujyana, participial adj. 
 fr. buj, to release, save; Justi interprets, '^Befreiung, 
 Erhaltung des Heiches bewirhend^'^ but compare Mt^po- 
 βονζάνψ (q. v.). 
 
 ΣαΐΊ'αφάρνιης, YAv. saeta, money, wealth + Anc. 
 Pers. farnah (comp.), glory, fortune, happiness, YAv. 
 x^'arsnah. 
 
 XavSaxYj. Perhaps YAv. Zanda (etymology doubt- 
 ful; cf. Bthl., Wb. 1662) + suffix (a)ka. 
 
 Χαν^ανχη. Variant of ^ανΒάκη (q. v.). 
 
 Έ,αρσάμας» Perhaps incorrect reading for Άρσά/Λα? 
 (q. v.). 
 
60 Gr^co-Peksian Names 
 
 Ι,ατάσηης. Anc. Pers. ^ata (comp.), hundred^ 
 YAv. sata, Skt. gata + Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), 
 horse, Av. aspa (New Pers. asp), Skt. a^va; possess- 
 ing a hundred horses; cf. Anc. Pers. ©atagu, Satta- 
 gydia, possessing a hundred cattle (Tolman, Lex. and 
 Texts, 95). 
 
 Σατι/3άρα$. Anc. Pers. siyati, well-heing, happi- 
 ness^ YAv. sati + Anc. Pers. bar a (comp.), hearing^ 
 bringing, fr. bar, to hear, Av. bar, Skt. bhr; bringing 
 well-being, happiness. 
 
 Έ,αηβαγζάνγις. Anc. Pers. siyati, well-being, 
 happiness, YAv. sati + YAv. νθΓθζ (comp. ), causing, 
 producing + suffix (a)na; causing well-being, happi- 
 ness. 
 
 Χαπφερνης, Anc. Pers. siyati, well-being, happi- 
 ness, YAv. sati + Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), glory, 
 fortune, YAv. x^'aranah. 
 
 Χατραβάτης. Anc. Pers. xsa^^'a, lordship, king- 
 dom, Av. xsa^a, Skt. ksatra + pata, PPfP. of Anc. 
 Pers. pa, to protect, Av. pa, Skt. pa. 
 
 ΈαΤρΟΤίάηης, See ^ατραβάτης. 
 
 Χείράμνγ;ς, Perhaps YAv. cirya (New Pers. cira), 
 €xcelle7it, efficient + Anc. Pers. manis (comp. ), mind^ 
 Av. manah. 
 
 Έ,είβάμγις. Perhaps a corruption of :ίισιμάκψ 
 (q. V. ) ; or reduplication, cf . YAv. ^amnah, care. 
 
Ge^co-Persian Names 61 
 
 Χεχνν^ιανός, In Ktes. for SoyStai/os (q. v.). 
 
 Σίρομίτρης, Prius doubtful; connected by Justi, 
 NB. 303, with Armen. ser, loving^ dear; posterius 
 Anc. Pers. Mi^ra, the god Mithra^ Av. Mi^a, Skt. 
 mitra; to whom Mithra is dem\ Mithra-loving. 
 
 'Χίααμάκης, See %σίμ<ίκης. 
 
 Χίοάμνης, Prius doubtful; posterius Anc. Pers. 
 manis (comp.), ini7id^ A v. manah. 
 
 ΣίΟιμάκης, Hype, form of ^ισυμίθρης (q. v.); first 
 letter of posterius retained and suffix (a)ka added. 
 
 Χίαΐμίθρης, See ^ουσαμίθρης. 
 
 Έ,μερ^ις. See MapSos. 
 
 Σμερ^ομενης, Anc. Pers. *bard, Mgh^ lofty ^ YAv. 
 baroz, baraz (cf. S/xepSts) + Anc. Pers. manis (comp.), 
 mind^ Av. manah; hamng a lofty mind. 
 
 Έ,ογ^ανός. Same as 2όγδιος (q. v.) -f suffix (a] 
 
 na. 
 
 Έ,όγ^ως, Anc. Pers. *Sugudiya, Sogdlanian^ fr. 
 Anc. Pers. Suguda, Sogdiana^ YAv. Suy3a + suffix 
 (a)iya. 
 
 'Ζονσαμίθρ'ης. Prius doubtful; posterius Anc. 
 Pers. Mi^a, the god Mithra, Av. Mi^ra, Skt. mitra. 
 
 Έ,ηαμίτργις, Variant of ^Ασπαμίτρης (q. v.). 
 
 Χτίίθάμης, Variant of "^τηταμας (q. v). 
 
62 Gb^co-Persian Xames 
 
 XmOpa^aryjg, Prius perhaps Anc. Pers. *spi^''a, 
 heaven (New Pers. sipihr); cf. New Pers. Mihr < Anc. 
 Pers. Mi^ra, New Pers. cihr < Anc. Pers. ci^^'a (cf. 
 Justi, NB. 310); posterius Anc. Pers. data, PPfP. of 
 da (I. E. *dhe), to create^ A v. da, Skt. dha, or da (I. 
 E. *do), to give^ Av. da, Skt. da. 
 
 27tt^ptiar>7$. Variant of ^τηθρα^άτψ (q. v.). 
 
 Έ^ταθροβάτης. Perhaps a corruption of "^^τηθραΒάτψ 
 (q. v.), bat the posterius may be Anc. Pers. pata, 
 PPfP. of pa, to protect, Av. pa, Skt. pa. 
 
 Έ,ηΐ'Ταμάς, A v. Spitama. Hype, form of ^τητα- 
 μ€νψ (q. V. ), with retention of the first letter of pos- 
 terius (cf. Justi, NB. 309). 
 
 Στίίταμενης, YAv. spita (comp.), white + Anc. 
 Pers. manis (comp.), Av. manah; perhaps clear- 
 minded (cf. spitid5i^a, dear-eijed), Justi, NB. 310, 
 "m^^ weissem (reinem) Sinne.^'^ 
 
 Xnlryjg, Hype, form based upon YAv. spita, 
 
 white; cf. '^τηταμας (q. V.). 
 
 Ί,ταβάκης, Hype, form based perhaps upon YAv. 
 stavah (comp.), strength + suffix (a)ka. 
 
 Έ^ταβροβά^ης, Perhaps YAv. staora, horse, least 
 ofhurden -\- Av. paiti, lord, master; cf. Justi, NB. 
 311. 
 
 Στά/)7$. Justi, NB. 311, connects with New 
 Pers. sitay, colt, steed; ending seems to be hype, 
 suffix a. 
 
Gr^co-Persian Names 63 
 
 Ιπτάμενης, May be a corruption of ^τηταμίνης 
 (q. v.). 
 
 Έ,φεντα^άτης, YAv. SpantoSata = spantodSta, fr. 
 Av. spanta, holy + Anc. Pers. data, PPfP. of da ( I. 
 E. *dhe), to create, Av. da, Skt. dha, or da (I. E. *do), 
 to give, Av. da, Skt. da. 
 
 Τά/3αλος. Cf. Τα^ου'λτ/ς (q. v.); Pott, ZDM(3. 13, 
 
 389. 
 
 Ύαβονλης. Perhaps YAv. tavah, power, Skt. 
 tavas + Anc. Pers. *ula (cf. Φερανλψ (q. v.) and 
 Justi, NB. 487), desire. 
 
 Ύάγγις. Perhaps variant of 'Ζτάγηζ (q. v.), but 
 may be connected with YAv. tak, to run (Middle 
 Pers. tak, New Pers. tag), perhaps with the meaning 
 sicift; cf. Justi, NB. 318, 513. 
 
 Tavao^apyjg, Variant of Ύαννο^άρκψ (q. v.). 
 
 Ύανυοξάρκης, A v. tanu (New Pers. tan), body, 
 Skt. tanu + Anc. Pers. vazarka, great (Turf an MSS. 
 vazurg, New Pers. buzurg) ; great in body. Cf . Tol- 
 man. Lex. and Texts, 124. 
 
 ΊαΟίφερνης, Corruption of "^ατίφίρνης (q. v.). 
 
 Τεάστίίζ. See TciWi;?. 
 
 Ύειρεως, See Τφαΐος. 
 
64 Gb^co-Persian Names 
 
 Ίειρίβάζον (gen.). See Ύφφαζο<:. 
 
 Ίείαηγις, Anc. Pers. Cispi or Caispi (Bh. a, 8 et 
 passim). Etymology uncertain. 
 
 Ύεριτονχμης, Anc. Pers. *Tira, the god Tij^a (of. 
 YAv. Tironaka^va) + Anc. Pers. tauma, family^ 
 YAv. taoxman, seed, Skt. tokman; oftheseedofTlra; 
 
 of. Μίθρατωχμ,ψ (q. V.). 
 
 Ύγ^ρίβαζος, See Ύφίβαζο^. 
 
 Ύγιρώάηης, See ΎφιΒάτψ. 
 
 Ύίγραηάτης. YAv. tiyri, ar7^ow + Av. paiti, mas- 
 ter, Skt. pati; maste?' of arrmcs. 
 
 Τίθραϊ;στ>7ς. Anc. Pers. ci^'a, lineage, Av. ci^a, 
 Skt. citra + Anc. Pers. *vahista, lest, Av. vahista, 
 superl. of Anc. Pers. va(h)u (comp.), A v. vanhu, 
 good; hest m lineage. 
 
 ΎίραΙος. Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. *Tira, 
 the god Tira (cf. YAv. Tironaka^va), + suffix (a)iya; 
 perhaps from Ύίρίβαζος (q. v.) or ΎιρίΒάτψ (q. v.). 
 
 Ίίρίβαζος, Anc. Pers. *Tira, the god Tira (cf. 
 YAv. Tironaka^va) + YAv. bazu, arm, Skt. bahu; 
 having Tira as his arm {strength), 
 
 Τίρίδάτ>7ς. Anc. Pers. Tira, the god Tira (cf. 
 YAv. Tironaka^va) + Anc. Pers. data, PPfP. of da 
 (I. E. *dhe), to create, A v. da, Skt. dha, or da (I. E. 
 *d5), to give, A v. da, Skt. da; Tlra-created or Tirar- 
 given. 
 
Gr^co-Persian Names 65 
 
 Ύιρνάσηης. Variant of ΤνριάστΓψ (q. v.). 
 
 Ύισσαφερνης, Anc. Pers. ci^'^a, lineage^ Av. οίθτΛ, 
 Skt. citra + -A.nc. Pers. farnah (comp.), glan/^ Υ A v. 
 x^'arsnah; whose glo?y is in his lineage, 
 
 ΎρίΤαίχμης, See Ίρίτανταίχμψ. 
 
 Ύριτανταίχμης. Anc. Pers. Ci^'a^taxma (Bh. 2, 
 79). Anc. Pers. ci^'*a (perhaps ace.) lineage, race, 
 Av. ci^a, Skt. citra + Anc. Pers. *taxma, strong, 
 brave, A v. taxma (cf. Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 88; 
 Justi, NB. 164). 
 
 Ύνρίάσηης. YAv. Tuirya, Turanian + Anc. Pers. 
 aspa (comp.), horse, YAv. aspa, Skt. agva; having 
 Turanian horses; ci,Yt 17, 55: TvLTSL . . . asuaspa, 
 the Tura7iians with swift hx)rses. 
 
 Ta7ta'r>7$. Perhaps Av. *x''apaiti, self -master 
 (cf. Justi, NB. 131). 
 
 ^Ύhάί^vr^ς, Anc. Pers. Vidarna: Vi]darna nama 
 Parsa mana ba°daka avamsam ma^istam akunavam, 
 Hydarnes hy name, a Persian, my suhject, him I made 
 chief of them (Bh. 2, 19, 20). Ace. to Justi, NB. 491, 
 Anc. Pers. *vidarna, fr. viy, away + dar, to hold; 
 support, security; cf . A v. vi-dar, to support, hold se- 
 cure, and YAv. darana, fortification» Bthl., Wb. 
 1443, suggests possible connection with Skt. vidirna, 
 rent asunder. 
 
66 Ge^co-Peesian Names 
 
 *Ύ^άσηης, Perhaps YAv. hu-Sata, well-made^ 
 well-fortned + Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), horse^ Av. 
 aspa, Skt. a^va; having well-fomned horses; cf . Justi, 
 NB. 131. 
 
 'Ύμαίης, Αν. hu-maya, rich in blessings; cf . YAv» 
 Humaya, daughter of Hystaspes. 
 
 'Τμεης, See Ύμαίψ, 
 
 'Τροίάδ>7$. Perhaps of same origin as Ύρώδι;^ 
 (q. v.). 
 
 *Τρώδ>7$. YAv. hu-rao8a, having a heautiful fomx^ 
 appearance, 
 
 ^Ύα^αίχμας, Justi, NB. 371, reconstructs the 
 original form as *Vistaxma; prius Anc. Pers. viy, 
 apart, away, A v. νϊ, Skt. vi; the poster ins he con- 
 nects with Pahl. stahmak, New Pers. sitam, power; 
 having wide-extended powe?\ 
 
 'Ύύ'νάνης» Anc. Pers. u, good, A v. hu, Skt. su 
 + Anc. Pers. stana., place, location (Nevf Fers. -stan), 
 Skt. sthana; having a good place, location; cf . Justi, 
 NB. 372, 512. 
 
 'Τστάσ7ί>7$. Anc. Pers. Vistaspa; ^atiy DSraya- 
 vaus xsaya^iya man^ pita V'st^spa, says Darius tlie 
 Idng, my father (is) Uysta^es (Bh. 1, 3, 4). Anc. Pers. 
 *vista (Middle Pers. visa3ak), depressed (viy + had, to 
 sit, settle down; cf . Skt. vi + sad, to sink, despond) + 
 Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), horse, YAv. aspa (New 
 Pers. asp), Skt. agva; having epi/i^iUesa horses; cf, 
 Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 127. 
 
Ge^co-Peesian Names 67 
 
 Φ 
 
 Φαρα5ασ^ε^57$. Etymology of priiis not clear; 
 posterius apparently Anc. Pers. mani§ (comp.), mind,, 
 Ay. manah. 
 
 ΦaΫavhάχγις. Hype, form of Φαρανδάττ;? (q. v.). 
 
 Φα^αν^άτγίζ. Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), glory ,, 
 fortune^ Υ A v. x^arsnah + Anc. Pers. data, PPfP. of 
 da (I. E. *d5), to give,, Av. da, Skt. da. 
 
 Φαρασ^ίάΐ^>7ζ. See ΦαραΖασμ,ίνη^. 
 
 Φάρζ'ιρις. According to Strabo, 785, another form 
 for Παρυσατΐ9 (q. V.); but according to others, of Bab- 
 ylonian origin (cf. Justi, NB. 98). 
 
 Φα^ίΰ μάνΥΐς, See Φαρασμάνη^, 
 
 Φαρνάβαζος. Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), glory^ 
 fortune, YAv. x'^aranah + YAv. bSzu, arm, Skt. 
 bahn. 
 
 Φαρναζάθργ^ς, Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), glort/, 
 Jvrtun€y YAv. x'^arsnah (a sort of halo which sur- 
 rounded legitimate kings, but which refused to be 
 seized by usurpers) + Anc. Pers. xsa^^'a, lordMp, 
 kingdom, A v. xsa^ra; possessing the hmgdxyirh hecause 
 of his ^^farnaL•'^^ 
 
 ΦαρνάχΎΐ, See Φαρνάκτρ, 
 
 Φαρνάκης, Hype, form based upon Anc. Pers. 
 
68 Gb-eco-Peesian Names 
 
 farnah (com p.), glo7'y^ fortune^ YAv. x^ardnah, with 
 suffix (a)ka. 
 
 Φάρνακος. See Φαρνάκης. 
 
 Φαρναχνα^. Perhaps same as Φαρνάκης (q. v.), 
 with re-formation of suffix (a)ka. 
 
 Φαρναηάηης, Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), glory, 
 fortune, YAv. x^arenah (a sort of halo which sur- 
 rounded legitimate kings, but which refused to be 
 seized by usurpers; also personified as a divinity, 
 FarnaK) + Anc. Pers. pSta, PPfP. of pa, to protect, 
 Av. pa, Skt. pa; Cf. Φα.ρα\ζάΒρ•ης (q. v.). 
 
 ΦαρνάστίΥΐς, Anc, Pers. farnah (conip.), glory, 
 fortune, YAv. x^aranah + Anc. Pers. aspa (comp.), 
 horse, YAv. aspa, Skt. a^va. 
 
 Φαρνόζαρθος» Same as Φαρναζάθρης (q. v.), with 
 metathesis of and p, 
 
 Φαρνονχγις, Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), glory, 
 fortune, YAv. x'^arsnah + suffix (u)ka (uxa, Justi, 
 NB. 94); hype, form, as Φαρνάκψ (q. v.). 
 
 Φ<χρνοϋχος, See Φαρνονχψ, 
 
 ..Φάραΐγΐς,&Β^Φάρζφκ, _ 
 
 φ£ραύλ)7ς. Cf . New Pers. farrah, x^'arrah, Middle 
 Pers. x^'arrah, glory (cf. far in Anc. Pers. farnah); 
 for posterius Justi, NB. 487, posits Anc. Pers. *ula, 
 desire, . 
 
Οβλοο-Ρεκθιαν Names 69 
 
 Φερεν^άτης. See Φαρανδάη/?. 
 
 ΦραάΤ37ς. Justi, ΝΒ. 101, 494, posits Anc. Pers. 
 *frahata, ^^verstdndig^'' (Pahl. frahat, New Pers. ferhad). 
 
 Φρανιχάτγις* Corruption of Φαρναπάτης (q. \.). 
 
 Φραόρτης. Anc. Pers. Fravarti: avada hauv Fra- 
 vartis hya Madaiy xsaya^iya agaubata ais had[a] kara 
 patis mam hamaranam cartanaiy, here this Phraortes 
 who called himself king in Media went with his army 
 against me to engage in hattle (Bh. 2, ^^^ 67). Anc. 
 Pers. *fravarti, A v. fravasi, the imniortal element of 
 the heliever which existed hefore and after his hlrth 
 and was his giiardian during life; doubtless a hype, 
 form of a double-stem name containing this word. 
 For Av. s corresponding to Anc. Pers. rt, cf . asa = 
 arta, asi = art!, and masya === martiya. 
 
 Φρασαόρτ>7ς. Υ A v. Frashamvarsta. According 
 to Justi, NB. 104, the name is formed from hamva- 
 rdti, the {male) protecting power^ which was personi- 
 fied and worshiped; Bthl., Wb. 1010, gives reading 
 and etymology as doubtful. 
 
 Φραταγονντι. Probably Anc. Pers. *frata, fire 
 (Armen. hrat; cf . *frata in Φραταφίρνψ) -|- YAv. gaona, 
 hai7\ color of hair, color. 
 
 Φραταφέρνης, Prius connected by Justi, NB. 
 105, with Anc. Pers. *fia.ta.,fire (Armen. hrat); poste- 
 rius Anc. Pers. farnah (comp.), glo7yj splendor, YAv. 
 x^'aronah. 
 
70 Gk^co-Persian Names 
 
 Φριαηίτης. Αν. *fiy ecpitax,fathe7'4oving^ fr. A v. 
 fry a, dear^ Skt. priya + Av. i^itoXy father^ Anc. Pers. 
 pitar, Skt. pitar; according to Justi, NB. 106, a trans- 
 lation of the epithet φιλοττάτωρ of Seleucus IV. 
 
 X 
 
 Χ,οάατίΥΐς, Anc. Pers. uvaspa, fr. Anc. Pers. u, 
 good, beautiful, Av. hu, x^'a, Skt. su + Anc. Pers. 
 aspa (comp.), horse, Υ A v. aspa, Skt. agva; possessing 
 good or beautiful hm^scs, 
 
 Χοσρό>7$. YAv. Haosravah; according to Bthl., 
 Wb. 1738, derived probably from husravah, having 
 a good reputation^ renovmed, 
 
 Χρι;σάντ>7ς. YAv. xrvi§yant, grim, bloodthirsty 
 (ci. Justi, NB. 173). 
 
 η 
 
 ^ζίιαάμγις. Perhaps corruption of ^Αρσάμη^ (q. v.). 
 
 'Ώ.μίΟος. Anc. Pers. Vaumisa, Bh. 2, 49, 51, 62 
 et passim, Anc. Pers. va(h)u (comp.), good, Av. 
 vanhu, vohu (comp.); posterius misa, would seem to 
 indicate the pronunciation of θ^ in Anc. Pers. *Mid'"a, 
 Elam. Mi-is-sa, written M^^a in inscriptions of Art. 
 Pers. and Art. Sus. and M*tra in Art. Ham., the god 
 Mithra; cf. Meillet, Gram. 105-107; also Άσιδότι;? 
 (q. V.) and Ύίσσαφ^ρνψ (q. v.). 
 
 ^Ω,ζος. From YAv. huvaxSa, good growth, pros- 
 perity. 
 
Gr^co-Persian Names 71 
 
 'Ω.ρομάζ'ης. Anc. Pers. Auramazdah. Anc. Pers. 
 aura, lord, Av. ahura, Skt. asura + Av. Mazdah, 
 name of the supreme god, mindful, knmiy'mg all (cf. 
 Av. mazda, to hold in mind, remenxber); the lord om- 
 niscient. 
 
 ^X^b' Anc. Pers. Vahauka, Bh. 4, 86; etymology 
 uncertain. 
 
PHONOLOGY 
 
 Below are given the results of an investigation into 
 the method employed in representing the Ancient 
 Persian characters or sounds by Greek letters. It is 
 easy to observe that the Greeks allowed themselves 
 such great freedom in transliterating Persian names 
 that it can hardly be said that any phonetic method 
 is followed. For a fuller discussion of the various 
 problems involved in this subject see General Discus- 
 sion, §§2ff. 
 
 a > α — e, g., Άχαψίνψ (Haxamanis), ^Αρταφέρνη? (arta 
 + farnah), Βαγαττάτης (baga -f pata). 
 
 a > € — e, g,^ ΜεγαφΙρνψ (baga + farnah), 'Αριαμένψ 
 (Ariya + manis), Μ^γαβάρης (baga + bara). 
 
 a > ο — e» g., ΑνρομάσΒης (Autamazdah), ^Αριοφάρνψ 
 
 (Ariya + farnah), Μιτροβάτης (Mi^ra + pata). 
 a > t — e, g., ΜιθριΒάτηζ (Mi^a + data), Νιφάτι;? (napat 
 
 -|- a), Άρσήυια? (aisan + *ama). 
 a > ω — e, ^., Βαγωδαρι^ναν (baga + ^dat^na). 
 a" > av — e. g., Ίριτανταίχμης (Cl^'a^taxma). 
 a" > αμ — e. g., Ka/M/JvViy? (Ka^bujiya). 
 ay > ι — e, g.^ Άρτα^ία? (arta + xsaya). 
 aya > € — e. g.^ Έίρζψ (Xsayarsan). 
 ayav > «<u or €t in Aapetatos, Aapcto? (Dirayavau), 
 
 ^Avestan. 
 
 (72) 
 
Phonology 73 
 
 a > a—e. g.^ ΆσιΒάτψ {8ίθη + data), ΜεγαΒάτης (baga 
 
 + data), Ότάνψ (Utana). 
 a > at — e. g,^ *Αχαίμ€νψ (Haxamanis), Μαιφάτψ (mah 
 
 + pata). 
 a > η — e. g.^ Μ^δο? (Mada). 
 a > ο (?) — e. g.^ Άβροκόμας (aura + kama ?). 
 
 I 
 
 i > i—e. ^., Μεγασι'δρας (baga + ci^''a), Μασίστης (ma- 
 
 ^ista), ΜίθραΒάτψ (Mi^ra + data), 
 iy (graphic) > t — e. g., Άρωφάρνης (Ariya + farnah), 
 
 ^ΑρίάστΓψ (Ariya + aspa), ΜαρΒόνως (Marduniya). 
 Syncope of iy (graphic) — e. g., 'Χαηφερνψ (siyati + 
 
 farnah), Παρΰσατι? (paru + siyati). 
 i > η — e. g., Μηθραφίρνψ (Mi^ra + farnah). 
 i^ > IV — e, g.^ Ίνταφέρνης (ViMafamah). 
 
 Ϊ > i—e. g., ΆρταβίΒψ (arta + *vid), Ttpatos (*Tira 4- 
 
 (a)iya), Ύφώάτψ (*Tira -|- data). 
 Ϊ > η —e. g., Τηρίβαζοζ (*Tira + ^bazu), ΎηριΒάτψ (*Tira 
 
 + data). 
 i > €i—e. g., Τ€ΐρ€ω5 (*Tira + (a)iya), Ύεφφάζον (*Tira 
 
 + ^bazu). 
 ϊ > € — e. g.^ Ύερίτονχμης (*Tira + tauma). 
 
 U 
 
 u > ο — e, g., Μαρδόηο? (Marduniya), ΜεγαΒόστψ (baga 
 + *dusta), ^Οτάνψ (Utana). 
 
 ^Ayestan. 
 
74 Phonology 
 
 U > υ — e. g.^ Μίγάβνζος (baga + *buxsa), Παρυσατις 
 
 (paru + siyati). 
 
 U > α — e. g.^ Άμόργης (u + *inarga), "Αμνης (u 4" 
 
 %aiti). 
 u > ov — e. g., *Αδοΰσιο9 (a + dus), ΟυΒιάστψ (*ujasta). 
 u > €—e. g., Έ^άθρψ (u + xsa(9^a). 
 uv > Kv — e. g.^ Κνα^άρψ (Uvaxstra). 
 uv (graphic) > υ — e. g.y Τοφρυας (Gaubruva). 
 
 ϋ 
 
 ΰ > ν — e. g., *Αρτασνραζ (arta + ^ura), Καμβνση': (Ka"- 
 
 bujiya). 
 
 ΰ > ου — e. g. , Ά/οτασου /oas (arta + 0Ura), Βονβάκης (*bti 
 
 + ^baga), Βονβάρψ (*bu + bara). 
 
 Au 
 
 au > ο — e, g., Κομάτψ (Gaumata), ^Οροβάτψ (aura -f 
 pata), ^Οροφξρνης (aura + farnah). 
 
 au > αυ — e. g.^ ΑνρομάσΒψ (Auramazdah), Αντοβάρη^ 
 
 (*auta + bara). 
 
 au > αβ —e. g., Άβροκόμας (aUTa + kama ?), ^ΑβραΒάτας 
 
 (aura + data). 
 au > ω — e. g., "Αρτωνυς (*artauni), 'ίϊρομάζψ (Aura- 
 mazdah). 
 
 k > κ — e. g.^ ^Αρσάκης (Arsaka), Φαρνάκης (farnah + 
 
 (a)ka), Καμβνσψ (Ka°bujiya). 
 k > γ — e. g.^ ^ΙαΒιγίρΒης (^yazata + karta). 
 k > X — e. ρ'.,'Ωχο9 (Vahauka). 
 
 ^Avestan. 
 
Phonology 75 
 
 Χ, Xs 
 
 χ > χ — e. g.^ Άχαι/Μίντ;? (Haxamanis), Ίριτανταίχμψ (Ci- 
 
 e'-a^taxma). 
 χδ > ^ — e. g.^ *Αρτα|ια5 (arta + xsaya), ^Αρταξ€ρζψ 
 (Artaxsa^^'a), Έίρξης (Xsayarsan). 
 
 χδ > σ — e. g., ^αθραβονζάνης (xsa^'^a + ^bujyana), 2ατρα- 
 
 βάτης (xsa^'^a + pata). 
 
 xs > ζ — e. g., Μί-γάβνζος (baga + *buxsa), Φαρναζάθρψ 
 
 (farnah + xsa^''a). 
 
 g > y — e, g., ^Αμόργης (u + *niarga), Βαγαττάττ/ς (baga 
 
 + pata), ΜεγαΒάτης (baga + data), 
 g > κ — e. g.y Κομάτης (Gaumata). 
 
 C > r—e. g., Τείσπης (Cispi), Τισσαφέρνης (ci^'"a + far- 
 nah), Ύριτανταίχμψ (Ci^'"a"taxma). 
 c > Θ — e. g.y ^Ασναθίνης (Aspacanah). 
 c > σ — e, g.y ΜεγασίΒρας (baga + ci^^'a). 
 
 J 
 
 j > σ — e, g.y Καμβνσψ (Ka"bujiya). 
 j > δ*(?) — e. g.y ΟυΒίάστης {xL + *jasta). 
 
 t > τ — e. g.y ^Αρταφέρνης (arta + farnah), Βαγανάτη^ 
 
 (baga + pata), ΜίθραΒάτης (Mi^a + data). 
 Syncope of t — e. g.y Κναζάρης (Uvaxstra). 
 
 ^Avestan. 
 
76 Phonology 
 
 Θ 
 
 e > ο — e, g.^ ^Κρμχιμ,ίθρψ (^arma + Mi^a), Μι^ραδάητ? 
 (Mi^ra + data), ΜιθραφΙρνη^ (Mi^a + farnah). 
 
 θ > τ — e. g., ^Ασπαμίτρης (aspa + Mi^a, Mitra), MiT/jo- 
 
 βάτψ (Mi^ra, Mitra + pata), Μιτραφίρνη^ (Miftra, 
 Mitra + farnah). 
 θ > σ — e. g.y Άρτασν/οας (arta + ^ura), Μασίστψ (mad- 
 ista), 2ατάσ7Γϊ79 (^ata + aspa), 
 
 Θ'" 
 
 θ^ > θρ —e. g., Ό$άθρψ (u + xsa^'a), Φαρναζάθρψ (far- 
 nah + xsa^'"a). 
 
 β"" > rp — e. g.y ^ΚτραΙάτψ (a^^ + data), "Χατραβάτης 
 
 (xsa^^'a + pata). 
 β' > Sp — e. g., ΜεγασίΒρας (baga + ci^'a). 
 βτ > ο•— ^. ^., Άσιδάττ^ς (a^^-l + data). 
 
 θ"" > σσ — e, p'., Τισσαφέρνης {οίθ'^βί + farnah). 
 
 ^'^ > pi (by attraction) — e, g., *Αρταξ€ρξψ (arta + 
 xsa^'^a). 
 
 D 
 
 d > δ — e. g.y Μαρδόνιος (Mardunlya), Μίγαδάττ;? (baga 
 + data), Μ€γαδόστϊ75 (baga + *dusta). 
 
 d > ζ — e, g., *Αρωβαρζάνψ (Ariya + vardana), Βαρζάνης 
 (vardana), Μιθροβαρζάνης (Mi^a 4- vardana). 
 
 d > τ — e, g,y "ΊνταφΙρνης (ViMafarnah). 
 
 Ν 
 
 η > ν — e. 17., 'Axai/xeVi7?(Haxamani§), Άριοφάρη;? (Ariya 
 + farnah), *ΑσΐΓαΘίνψ (Aspacanah). 
 
 'Avestan. 
 
Phonolooy 77 
 
 Ρ 
 
 ρ > IT — e. g., ^ΑρίάστΓψ (Ariya -f- aspa), Βαγαπάτψ (baga 
 + pita), Παρΰσατι? (paru + siyati). 
 
 ρ > β — e. g. , Μίγαβάτης (baga + pata), ^Οροβάτης (aura 
 + pata), '^^τραβάτψ (xsa^^'a + pata). 
 
 ρ > Φ — e. g., Μαίφάτης (mah + pata), Νιφάτι;? (napat 
 
 + a). 
 
 F 
 
 f > φ — e, ^., *Αρίοφάρνψ (Ariya + farnah), *1νταφ€ρν7μ 
 (Vi°dafarnah), Φραόρτψ (Fravarti). 
 
 f > β—β. (/., Bapvci^a^os (famah + ^bazn), Μ€γαβ€ρνψ 
 
 (baga + farnah). 
 
 Β 
 b > β — e. <7., 'λρταβάρω^ (arta + bar a), Βαγαπάτψ (baga 
 
 + pata), Μεγάβνζος (Bagabuxsa). 
 b > μ — e. g., ΜάρΒος (Bardiya), ΜΐγαΒάτψ (baga + 
 
 data), ΜεγασίΒρας (baga + ci^^'a). 
 b > σ/χ — e. .^., 2/A€pSts (Bardiya), %μ.(.ρΖομ.ίνψ (*bard + 
 
 manis). For prothetic σ see Kretschmer, KZ. 
 
 29, 440. 
 
 Μ 
 m > μ.—€, g.^ ^Αχαιμίνης (Haxamanis), Μαδάτα? (mah + 
 
 data), Ώρομάζψ (Auramazdah). 
 
 V 
 
 V > β—β. </., ^Αρωβαρζάνψ (Ariya + vardana), Άρτα- 
 βί8ψ (arta + *vid), Μιβροβαρζάνψ (Mi^ra + var- 
 dana). 
 
 Syocop,e. of y— 6, .^., Γω/3ρΰα5 (Gaubruya). 
 
 Aphseresis of ν — β. </., 'iSepviys (Vidarna), Ίνταφψνης 
 (ViMafarnah). 
 
 »Avestan« 
 
78 Phonology 
 
 vi > V — e, g., ΎΒάρνψ (Vidarna), Ύστάσττης (ViStfispa). 
 
 va > ο — e. ρ., Φραόρτψ (Fravarti). 
 
 va(h)u > ω — e. ρ.^'Ώμίσος (Vaumisa). 
 
 va(h)u > ο ('i)—e. ρ.,'Όβορζος (va(h)u ? + ^barozan). 
 
 va(h)u > ot (?) — e, g.^ ΟΙβάρψ (va(h)u ? + bara). 
 
 va(h)u > oLo (?)— 6!. g., ΟΙόβαζος (va(h)u ? + ^bazu). 
 
 vahau > ω — e. g.^ Ώχος (Vahauka). 
 
 R 
 
 Γ > p — e. g.^ ^Αριοφάρνης (Ariya + farnah), ^Οροβάτψ 
 
 (aura + pata), ^Αρταβάρω^ (arta + bara). 
 r > λ — e, g.y ^Ολοψζρνης (aura + farnah). 
 
 S > σ — e, g.^ *Αριάσπψ (Ariya + aspa), 'Μ.€νοστάνψ 
 
 (manis + stana), Ύστάσπψ (Vistaspa). 
 
 δ > σ — e. g,^ ^Αρσάκψ (Arsaka), 'ϋίασίστΎβ (ma^ta), 
 %ίτι.φέρνη% (glyati + farnah). 
 
 Z,Zd 
 
 ζ > ξ — e, g.^ *Αρταζάνψ (arta + zana), Ίαννοζάρκη^ (^tanfl 
 
 + vazarka). 
 ζ > ζ—β. g.^ ^Αρισταζάνψ (^airista + zana). 
 zd > ζ — e, g., Όρομάζψ (Auramazdah). 
 zd > σδ — e, g.^ ΑνρομΛσΒψ (Auramazdah) 
 
 Η 
 
 Syncope of h — e, g.^ Μα^άτψ (m^h -|- d&ta). "Μαίφάτψ 
 
 (mah + pata). 
 Aphieresis of h — e, g,^ ^ΑχοΑψΛνψ (Hazdmaafi), 
 
 ^Avestan. 
 
ANCIENT PERSIAN WORD-LIST 
 
 The following is a list of the Ancient Persian words 
 forming the compounds already discussed, together 
 with the names in which they occur. 
 
 A 
 
 *atlta. Αντοβάρης, Αντοβοισάκης, ΑντοφραΒάτη':. 
 
 aura. 'Α/^ραδά-η^ς, *Αβροκόμα<;, Άβροκόμψ, Αυραδάτα?, 
 Ανρομάσ^ψ, Όλοψέρνψ, Όρόβαζος, Όροβάτη^, ΌροφΙρ- 
 νη<ζ, Ώρομάζης. 
 
 a5*"i. Άσιδάτα?, *ΑσίΒάτη<;, ΆτραΒάτψ, Άτροπάτψ. 
 
 *adu§• Άδουσιο?. 
 
 abiy. *Αβίλτακα (?). 
 
 *ania. Άρσάμα^, Ώίσάμψ ( ? ) . 
 
 *aran.a. *Αρνάκη<ζ^ Άρνάτη/?. 
 
 Ariya. ^Αριαβίγνης, Άρίαζο^, Άρίατος, *Αρίαμάζψ, *Αρια- 
 /icn/9, *Αρίάμνη<5, Άρίάσττψ, Άρίβαζο^, Άρίβαιοζ, Apt^os, 
 Άριμίνη':^ *Αρίόβαζο<;, *Αριοβαρζάνη<:^ *Αριομάζη<!, *Apto- 
 μάνΒιμ, Άριό/χ,αρδος, *Αρίθφάρνηζ. 
 
 arta. ΆρΒάβασΒος, Άρταβαζάνψ, *Αρτά/?α^ος, Άρταβάνης, 
 Άρτάβανο^, *Αρταβάρίθ<5, ΆρταβάσΒψ^ ΆρτάβασΒος, *Αρ- 
 ταβάτας, *Αρταβάτης, *Αρτάβψ, ΆρταβΙΒης, *Αρτα•γ€ρσηί 
 ( ?), Άρταγυρσας ( ?), Άρταζωστρη ( ?), *Αρτακαμα ( ?), 
 Άρτακάμας (?), Άρτάμψ, *Αρτάμνη';, 'Αρτάνης, Άρτα^ά- 
 νης (?), Άρτα^ας, Άρτα^ατας, Άρταέίρξης, Άρτά^ψ, 
 *Αρταξίας, Άρτάοζος, *Αρταον<χσΒη<;, ^Αρτάτταζος, Άρταπά- 
 νη^, 'Αρταττάτα';, Άρταπάττ;?, Άρτάττηζ, Άρτάρίος, *Αρτα- 
 σουρα5,Άρτασυρα9,Άρταυκτ7;5)Άρταυ νττ^,Άρταυνττ^ς,Άρ- 
 ταφίρνη^^ Άρταφρζνης, Άρταχαίψ, *Αρτ€μβαρψ, Άρτοβα^ 
 ζό.vη^y Άρτόμας ( ?) , Άρτόντψ ( ?) , Άρτοξάρψ, *ApTO^ep- 
 
 (79) 
 
80 Ancient Persian Word-List 
 
 ζψ, Άρτόστη'ζ, Άρτονχα<! ( ?), Άρτόχμης, Άρτνβίος, *Αρ- 
 τνντηζ, *Αρτνστωνη, *Αρτνφίθ^. 
 
 *artauni. Άρτωνη, "Α/οτωνι?. 
 
 aXSa,n. *Αρσάκη^, *Αρσάμαζ, 'Αρσαμένης, *Α/3σα/ι,7;, *Αρσά- 
 μψ, Άρσίκας, Άρσίμας, Έ€ρ^ς, %αρσάμα^ ( ? ) , Ώισά- 
 μψ (?). 
 
 &Spa. ^Αμαζάσττη^, Άράσπας, 'Αρίάσττης, *Αρίσβας ( ? ) ' 
 ΆροοαστΓΟ, 'Αστταδάττ^?, Άσπαθίνηι;, Ασττακος, *ΑστΓαμί- 
 τρη<ζ, ΆστΓίσας, Ααμασττία, Ζαμάσφη<ζ, Κρανάσττης, Ότάσιτη^, 
 ΤΙρα^άσττης, 'Ρωδάσπτ;?, "Χατάσττης, 'Χ7Γαμίτρη<*, Τιρυάσπι/ς, 
 Ύνριάσττη'ζ, Ύδάσιπ/?, Ύστάσιπ;?, Φαρνάσττη'», Χοάστη;?. 
 
 υ 
 
 U. *Αμόρ•γη^, *Αμνίτψ Α/>ιυτΐ9, *Ανο{5ης, *Ατόσσα (?), Bt- 
 σθάνης, *Ε$άθρη<;, Ευφράτη'! ( ? ) , Ίστάι^τ^ς ( ? ) , Κυα^άρτ/ς, 
 *Οάρση^ ( ?), *Οάρτηζ ( ?), *Ομάργψ, ^Ομάρ-γψ, Όμάρτη'ί 
 (?), Όμάρτης (?), Ό$άθρψ, Όξνάθρψ, Όξυάρτη^ (?), 
 Όζνθρης, *Οτάγης ( ? ) , Όταν?;?, Ούδιάστ»;?, Ύστάι^τ^ς, 
 Χοάστττ/?. 
 
 Κ 
 
 kama. *Αβροκόμας ( ? ) , *Αβρθκ6μης ( ? ) , *Αρτακαμά, *Αρ- 
 
 τακάμας, Μασκάμψ. 
 kar^. Καρτώμψ (?). 
 
 karta. Ίσδεγερδτ^ς, *1σΒηγ€ρΒψ, ΊσΒιγερΒψ. 
 *krana. Κρανάστη/ς (?). 
 
 Χ 
 
 XSa^^'a. *Αρτα$€ρ$ψ, Άρτοζάρης, *Αρτο$€ρζης, Έ^άθρψ, 
 ΜίθραξίΒψ (?), *0$άθρψ, *0$νάθρη<:, Όζνάρτη^ ( ?), 
 *0$ν6ρη<ζ, Χαθραβονζάΐ'η'ζ, ^ατραβάτη<ζ, Χατροττάτη'!, Φαρ- 
 ναζάθρψ, Φαρνόζαρθος. 
 
Ancient Persian Word-List 81 
 
 X§aya. 'Αρτά^ας, Άρτά$ψ, *Apra$iaSy Μίθραξί^ς (?), 
 
 G 
 
 *gau. Τωβρίας ( ? ) , Τωβρνας ( ? ) , Κομάτη<!, Τωττά/κΐ* 
 (?),Τω7Γά/07;9 (?). 
 
 *garsa. *Αρτα•γίρση^ ( ? ) , 'Αρταγυρσας ( ? ) . 
 
 C 
 
 Canah. *Ασπα^ίϊ'ϊ;«. 
 
 ci^^a. Μεγασιδρας, Ύισσαφίρνη^, Τριτοιχ/χ,ϊ^ς, Τριταντοιχ- 
 
 Cispi, Caispi. TcaoTri?, Τίίστη;?. 
 
 J 
 *jaSta(jad). Ον^ιάστη<; (?). 
 
 τ 
 
 tanrng. Καρτωμης ( ? ) , Μι^ρατώχ/ΑΤ/ς, Τίριτουχ/Λτ;?. 
 
 tauman (power\ Tolman, Lex. and Texts, 91). 
 
 Καρτώ/ΜΤ^ς (?) . 
 *taxnia. Ύριταί\μη<ζ, Ύρίτανταίχμης. 
 
 tana. Ότάη/ς. 
 
 *Tira. Ύεφιβάζον, Ύ€ριτονχμψ, Ύηρίβαζος, ΎηριΒάτψ, Τι- 
 ραίος, Ύιρίβαζος, Τιριδάττ^?. 
 
 Θ 
 
 ^ata. ^Εατάστη;?. 
 
 OuTSi. *Αρτασουρας, *Αρτασυρα«. 
 
 D 
 
 dS.ta. *Αβρα8άτηζ, *Ασιαδάτας, *Ασιδάττ;5, *ΑτραΒάτηί^ Αυ- 
 
 6 
 
8δ Ancient Persian Word-List 
 
 ραδάτα?, Βαγαδάη/ς, Βαγά^ωο« ( ?), ^αταφίρνψ ( ?), Δώ- 
 TOS ( ? ) , Μαγαδάτϊ/ς, Μαδάτας, Μαδ€Τ7;ς, Μαιδάταί, Μί- 
 γαδάτί/ς, Μι^ραδάττ/ς, Μι^ριδάτ>;ς, Μι^ριδάτις, Μι^ραδαίος, 
 Μιτραδαη;?, Ό|οδάτ>/ς, Όρονδάη;9, Όρσοδατ»;?, Παρσώνδ»;? 
 (?), 5πι^αδατ);ς, ^τηθροβάτψ (?), 2<^€νταδάτ7;?, Ττ/ριδά- 
 nys, Τιριδάττ;?, ΦαρανΒάκψ, Φαραν8άτη^, Φ€ρ€νδάτ>;ς. 
 
 data (law). Δα/λάτα?, Αατάμας, ύίατάμψ, ΑαταφΙρνη'; ( ?), 
 Δοτά/χα?. 
 
 *dusta (< *dU§). Μίγαδόσττ^ς. 
 
 Ρ 
 
 pata. *Α•γραβάτη^, *Α/07Γ<χτϊ;«, ^Αρταβάτας, *Αρταβάτη':, *Αρ- 
 ταττάτας, *Αρταπάτη<;, Άτροπάτη<ζ, Βαγατταΐο?, Βαγαπάττ;?, 
 Ίζαβάτης, 'Ι$αβάτψ, Ί$αλβάτη^, Μαίφάτψ, Μαρσαβάτη^, 
 Mcya^Sar/ys, Μιθροβαΐος, Μιτροβάτη^, Νορονδα^βάττ^ς, 
 *0 κοντό βάτη'5, ΌμονΒοβάτη^, 'Οροβάτη<;, ΌρονΒαβάτη^, 
 Όρονδαπάνττ/ς, Όροντοττάτη';^ ΎοΖοβάτψ, 'Χατραβάτη^, 
 ^ατροττάτη^, Τιγραττάτη^, Φαρναττάτψ, Φαρνικάτης. 
 
 paru. Παρΰσατις, Πυράττι?, Φάρξιρις ( ? ) , Φάρσιρι? ( ? ) . 
 
 *parsana. Παρσώνδτ;^ ( ? ) . 
 
 pitar. ΦριατΓίτη^. 
 
 F 
 
 farnah. Άναφά?, Άνάψψ, Άριοφάρνη'ί, *Αρταφίρνη^, *Αρ- 
 ταφρενηζ, Βα^αφαρμάνμ, Βαρζαφάρντμ, Βαρνάβαζος, Δαϊ- 
 φάρνης, Δαιφίρντ;? , Δαταφβρη;?, *ϊνταφ€ρνης, Μαιφαρνος, 
 Μ€γαβ€ρνη<ζ, Μιτραφίρνη<ϊ, Μαοφέρνψ, Όλοφερνη»;, Όνα- 
 φέρνης, *Οροφέρνη<ζ, '^αιταφάρνη^ , "^ατιφερνη^, Ύασίφ€ρνη<!, 
 Ύισσαφ€ρνη<ζ, ΦαρανΒάκη<;, ΦαρανΒάτης, Φαρνάβαζος, Φαρ- 
 ναζάθρψ, Φαρνάκη, Φαρνάκης, Φάρνακος, Φαρί'ακι'α?, Φαρ- 
 ναττάτης, Φαρνάσττης, Φαρνόξαρθος, Φαρνονχη<:, Φαρνονχος, 
 Φεραύλης ( ? ) , ΦερίνΒάτη'!, Φερεσσευης ( ? ) , Φρανικάτης, 
 ΦραταφΙρνης. 
 
Ancient Persian Word-List 8θ 
 
 *frS.ta. Ενφράτας ( ? ) , Φραταγουη;, Φραταφίρνη^. 
 *fravartl. Φραόρτης. 
 
 *frahata. Φραάτη^ (?). 
 
 Β 
 
 baga. Βαγαδάη^ς, Βάγα^05, Βαγά^ωος, Βαγαΐος, ΒαγαπαΓος, 
 Βαγαπάττ^?, Βαγασάκτ^ς, Βαγόρα^ος, Βαγωδάραν, Βαγωδαρα- 
 mv, Βασσάκτ;?, Μαγαδάτ);?, Μαγαϊος, ^Ιεγαβάζη*:, Μ€γά)8α- 
 ^os, Μεγαβάρης, Μίγα/δάτϊ/ς, Mcya^Scpjo^s, Mcyci^v^os, Mc- 
 γαδάττ/?, ΜΓ/αδόστι/5, Μεγάπανος, Μεγασιδρας, Mcya^ep- 
 
 bara. ^Αρταβάρως, 'Apraptos ( ? ) , *Α.ρτίμβάρη<ί^ Αντοβά- 
 
 ρης, Bovβάpη<Sy Βουπάρ7;ς, Με^/αβάρη^, ΟΙβάρα^, ΟΙβάρα^, 
 
 ΟΙβάρης, Όρσο^αρι?, "Χαηβάρα^. 
 *baruva. Τωβρία^ ( ?), Γω^ρυα? ( ?), Τωπαρας ( ?), Τω- 
 
 τταρί/ς (?). 
 *bard. ΆρίόμαρΒο^ (?), Μαρδονττ/^, Μάρδος, MtpSi9, 
 
 2/Λ€ρδις, '^μερΒομενης. 
 *bigna. Άριχιβίγνη*:. 
 *bu. Βου^άκ7;ς, Βονβάρης, Βονπάρψ. 
 *bTlX§a. Βό|ος ( ? ) , Mc/ajSv^os. 
 
 Μ 
 
 mata. Κο/ΐιάπ;? ( ?), Ματάκ»;? ( ?). 
 madista. Μασίσττ/ς, Μασίστιος, Μασίστρης. 
 
 Mada. Μ^δο?. 
 
 manis. Άρίαμίν/μ, *Αριάρ,η;ς ( ? ) , Άριμένη^, 'Αρσα/ΐίντ/ς, 
 *Αρτάμη^, 'Αρτάμνη';, ^Αρτάνης, *Αχαίμενης, ΆχαίμενίΒη^, 
 ^ΐ€ραμενη<ζ, Μενίσκος ( ? ) , Μίνοστάι/?;? ( ? ) > ^€φάμνη^ 
 ( ?), ^ίσάμνη^, ^τηταμά%, ^ττι.ταμενψ, Sra/icnys (?), Φρα- 
 Βασμενη': (?), Φαρασμάνη<: ( ?), Φαρισμάνης ( ?). 
 
 *marga. *Αμ6ργης, *Ομάργψ, *Ομάργψ, *Ομάρτη% ( ?) , 
 *Ομαρτη^ ( ? ) . 
 
84 Ancient Persian Word-List 
 
 *mardtma. Μαρδόνιο? (?), ΜάρΒων (?). 
 
 ♦mardvan. Μαρδόνιο? (?), Μόρδων (?). 
 
 mazdah. ΑνρομάσΒης, Μάταια, Μα^αϊο?, Μαζάκης^ Μα^ά- 
 ρης, Μάζαρο<!, Μα^^η;ς, Ώρομάζψ. 
 
 mah. Μαδάτα?, Μαδ€7τ;9, Μάψ, Μαιβονζάνη^, Μαιδάτας, 
 Μαίφαρνο'*^ Μαίφάττ^^. 
 
 Mi^a (Mitra). ^Αρμαμίθρψ^ 'Αστταμίτρης, Μηθραφίρνψ, 
 Μητρωστη^, Μίθαρος, ΜίθραΒάτη':, Mi^patos, Μιθράνη^, 
 Μίθρα$ί8ης, Μίθρας, Μίθρατώχμης, Μιθρανστη^, Μίθρηνης, 
 ΜίθριΒάτις, Μιθρίνης, Μίθροά$ης, ΜίθροβαΙος, Μίθροβαρ- 
 ζάνης, Μίθροβονζάνης, Μι^ροδαΐος, Μι^ροτταυση;?, Μι^ρω- 
 ττασττ;?, Μιτρα, Μιτραγά^ς, Μιτραδαττ;?, Μιτραΐο?, Μιτρά- 
 νης^ Μιτραφερντ/ς, Μίτροβάτης, Ύεομίθρης, "Χιρομίτρης, 2ι- 
 σιιΛθρψ, "^^ονσαμίθρψ, '^^τταμίτρψ, "Ω/ιιισο?. 
 
 Υ 
 
 yam. Άβίλτακα (*Α^ιάτακα) (?). 
 
 R 
 
 *ramna. *Αρίαράμνψ. 
 
 *rudra. 'Ροδογουη;, Τωδάστπ;? (?). 
 
 V 
 
 *vax§tra. Κναξάρψ. 
 
 Vardana. *Αρωβαρζάνψ, *Αρτίβαρζάνης, Βαρζάνης, Μιθρο- 
 βαρζάνης, Ναβαρζάνψ. 
 
 *varsan. Όάρσψ ( ?), Όάρτης ( ?). 
 
 Vazarka. Ταναο^αρτ^ς, Ύαχ'νο^άρκ-ης. 
 
 Vahauka. Ώχο«. 
 
 Va(h)u. Άρτόμας ( ? ) , Άρτονχας ( ? ) , Δαρειαία, Ααρ€ΐαίας, 
 Δαρ€ΐαΓος, Aapctos, Ααρίηκψ, "Οβορζος ( ? ) , ΟΙβάρας ( ? ) , 
 ΟΙβάρας, ΟΙβάρης (?), ΟΙόβαζος (?), "Ω/ασο?. 
 
Ancient Persian Word-List 85 
 
 *Vid. ΆρταβίΒψ. 
 
 *vidarna. ΊΒ€ρνης, ΎΒάρνης, 
 
 *vi°da(t). Ίνταφεριτης. 
 *vista. Ύστάστη;?. 
 
 S 
 
 *saka. Βαγασάκψ ( ? ) , ΤΙετησάκψ ( ? ) . 
 Suguda. laoycdos, ^εκυί'διαί'ός, ^ογδιανός, "^ό-γΒίος, 
 Stana* Βίσθάνη<;, Ίστάη;?, Μ€νοστάνης, Ύστάνη^, 
 Spada. Ύανοσβάτης (?). 
 
 ♦spi^^'a. :^7ηθραΒάτη<! ( ?), ^ττιθ ριΖάτη^ ( ?), Ι^ττίθροβά- 
 rrjsi?). 
 
 W 
 
 S 
 
 siySti. ΓΓαρυσατις, Πυράττις, 'Χατφάρας, "Χαηβαρζάνη^, 
 'Χαηφ€ρνης, ΎασιφΙρνης, Φάρζφις ( ? ) , Φάρσιρις (?) . 
 
 Ζ 
 
 zana. *Αρίσταζάνη<:, Άρταζάνης. 
 
 Η 
 
 *haxa (nom. sing.). ^λχαψίνψ, *Αχαιμ€νίΒης. 
 ham. Άμηστρίζ ( ? ) . 
 *huta. Ότάστπ;^ (?). 
 
HYPOCORISTIC SUFFIXES 
 
 Suffixes used in forming hypocoristic names, to- 
 gether with the names in which they appear. 
 
 a. *ΑΒ€νψ, *Απά/Αα, Βόγψ, Μάης (?), ^τάγης ( ?), Τά- 
 
 (a)iya. Άδοΰσιος, 'Apiatos, *Αρίβαιος, Βαγαϊος, Βαγατταΐος, 
 Βουγαϊος, *ΙμαΙος, Μαγαϊος, Μάταια, Μάταιος, Μασισηος, 
 Mephis, ΜίθραΙος, Μιτ/οαϊος, 'Μ.ονχαΐο<;, 2jU.c/o8ts, Tipatos. 
 
 (a)ka• *Κρνάκψ, *Αρσάκης^ Άρσίκας ( ? ) , Άσπακος, Βα- 
 ζάκης, ^ηϊόκης, Μαζάκης, Ματάκης, Μζνίσκος, ΤΙασάκης 
 ( ? ) , Ύωσάκψ ( ? ) , 2τα^5άκί/ς, Φαρνάκη, Φαρνάκη';, Φάρ- 
 νακος. 
 
 (a)na. 'Α^άντ;?, Βα^άΐΊ/ς ( ? ) , Μαζηνης, Μίθράνης, Μιθρη- 
 νης, Μιτράντ;?. 
 
 (a)ra. Μαζάρη^, Μάζαρος, Μασίστρης. 
 
 (i)ka. Άρσικας (?), Τα^ονικτ/ς. 
 
 (i)na. Βαρσίνη ( ?) , Op^tn;?, Ταδίντ/ς, Ταβίι^ς. 
 
 (i)ta. Άρσίτη';. 
 
 (Tl)ka. ΦαρίΌυ;(>;5, Φορνοϋχος. 
 
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