State s Newer 
 
 California 
 
 'gional 
 
 cility
 
 c 
 
 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 GIFT OF 
 
 Mrs. Ben B. Lindsey
 
 The 
 
 State's Newer 
 Ideals 
 
 By 
 
 Kate Campbell Robertson 
 
 (f\rs. G. H. Robertson)
 
 Inspired by the Memory of rare 
 Parents : a Father Versed in Litera- 
 ture and Statecraft; a Mother Who 
 Lived in Unfaltering Touch With 
 the Infinite, 
 
 AND 
 LOVINGLY DEDICATED 
 
 TO 
 
 MY SONS 
 FOUR EMBRYO STATESMEN
 
 Modern aristocracy, the new aris- 
 tocrarcy, has still to be discovered 
 and understood. It is not a question 
 of blood but of character. 
 
 Fear is a great limitation; under 
 the new order there will be no fear. 
 
 What men need above all in this 
 day is more wisdom, more discre- 
 tion in the use of life. 
 
 Some one has said: "We need 
 more leisure to study psychological 
 problems; an invisible world lies 
 near us, that might become visible 
 if we had time from the struggle for 
 bread to study it. It calls to us with 
 its wonders and opportunities. If we 
 would embrace in our government 
 the principles of ethics we have al- 
 ready learned, and let the Golden 
 Rule become the order of state poli- 
 cy, we would have a foundation 
 from which to reach upward to un- 
 dreamed of spheres. Thus an op- 
 portunity for limitless living would 
 be attained. 
 
 1122164
 
 A state without divisions or fac- 
 tions, where co-operation and not 
 competition is the order of thought, 
 means a state of strength, beauty, 
 happiness, power. 
 
 That state is strongest whose parts 
 or individual members possess a 
 living interest in the whole. 
 
 "The Kingdom of Heaven is at 
 hand," were the most practical 
 words of The Master Statesman. 
 
 All the kindness shown from Cap- 
 ital to Labor or from Labor to Cap- 
 ital will avail nothing towards 
 bringing satisfaction; the divine Ego 
 in each individual must have its di- 
 vine right to be answerable only to 
 its State and Nation, which stands 
 for God on earth.
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Page 
 Introduction 7 
 
 1. The State, the Over-Parent 11 
 
 2. Love, not Force, for the Criminal.... 15 
 
 3. Progressive Legislation 21 
 
 4. Remedy for the Daily Grind 25 
 
 5. Different View Points 31 
 
 6. Attempt to Socialize Germany 37 
 
 7. Socialism, Anarchy and Love 42 
 
 8. Organization 47 
 
 9. A Last Word.... .. 54
 
 INTRODUCTION. 
 
 Some years ago when I had com- 
 pleted the work in my nursery, and 
 my own healthy, well nurtured cher- 
 ubims had been safely located in 
 the school room, I turned my atten- 
 tion to the study of conditions sur- 
 rounding other children in our 
 community. My life had been, for 
 about fourteen years, an entirely 
 domestic one. Shut in by the four 
 walls of my home with my jolly, fat, 
 baby boys I had not had time to 
 think that the whole world was not 
 as gay and prosperous as my envir- 
 onment. So it was with horror and 
 amazement that I found families of 
 bare footed, half fed, untaught 
 children almost within a stone's 
 throw of my own neighborhood. 
 That was six years ago, and the con- 
 dition of childhood, in our commu- 
 nity at that time, was deplorable. 
 Those who worked with me in the 
 crude charity organizations of which 
 our town then boasted, will echo 
 these words. 
 
 7
 
 After working for some years and 
 setting on foot the Tennessee Branch 
 of the Congress of Mothers and 
 striving to make popular the Parent- 
 Teachers Clubs in the Public School, 
 I discovered that things we wanted 
 to do would come easier if mothers 
 and women in general had the use 
 of the ballot; I worked for awhile 
 along this line, but now see that the 
 system of government hampers and 
 keeps us back in the dark ages of 
 selfishness and poverty and strife; 
 and I want to hammer away awhile 
 on this line of thought, for a new 
 system will mean everything to the 
 children and women as well as the 
 men. Women will, as equal citizens 
 and actors in the State, get the ballot 
 and much more than the ballot. 
 
 We often hear it said that "human 
 nature does not change much," 
 when the fact is we do not change 
 our systems (political and social) 
 to keep pace with human changes. 
 Human nature can not show its 
 growth with an antiquated wall 
 around it that was its suitable pro- 
 
 8
 
 tection in years that have passed. 
 
 Let us keep up with human chang- 
 es and change the selfish system to 
 one of unselfishness and the system 
 of gain to a system of service that 
 will be in harmony with the spirit- 
 ual growth of our times. 
 
 K. C. R. 
 
 (Do not confuse the word social- 
 ism with any party; to "socialize" 
 a State is to make it the property 
 and concern of all members of that 
 State.)
 
 There was a time when we believ- 
 ed that the man was made for the 
 state. That time has gone, save 
 from the minds of a few statesmen 
 of the old school, who believe in 
 clinging to dead timber. The old 
 idea was that the child was made to 
 serve the parent; we know today 
 that the parent is to serve the child; 
 the state to serve its citizens. 
 
 Let us step into the new regime 
 boldly, feeling with confidence that 
 the new is better than the old. He 
 who clings to old ways when new 
 and better ones have made their 
 appearance is old and decrepit, no 
 matter what his years may be; and 
 he who goes with martial step into 
 the ranks of the leaders of the new- 
 er ideals is young even though he 
 count his years threescore and ten. 
 Keep young, friends, by keeping 
 your minds polished and shining 
 and ready to reflect if not to origi- 
 nate the newest and best. 
 
 11
 
 When we say that the state is 
 made for the man, we mean that the 
 state is to serve man, not punish 
 him; that the state is the great care- 
 taker of its citizens, the weak and 
 the strong, the rich and the poor, 
 the aged and the young, the willful 
 and the obedient. 
 
 The state is the over-parent ready 
 to serve and conserve, ready to train 
 and protect its children. 
 
 The old way ran something like 
 this: A man has committed a 
 crime. Hark! A terrible thing has 
 taken place; make a great noise 
 about it! State, call out your blood- 
 hounds, run him into a corner, beat 
 him, drub him, take his liberty 
 away from him, that is not enough 
 take his very life itself ! You have 
 dragged him into the court room 
 now point your finger at him, tell 
 the jury that there never was such 
 an infamous scoundrel on the face 
 of the earth before, that he is a 
 menace to his state, that he is not fit 
 to live with his kind; take him, drag 
 him into a cell and there keep him. 
 
 12
 
 All because he has done one thing 
 unlawful. No good to humanity, of 
 no use to the world! Sometimes 
 when I have listened to the speech 
 of the prosecutor I have wondered 
 that the vision of the Master did not 
 float betwen his face and the jurors 
 whom he addressed and whisper 
 the words said long ago: "Let him 
 who is without sin cast the first 
 stone." Yet even as the prisoner, 
 crushed and humiliated, hangs his 
 head, the prosecutor's head goes up 
 and he exclaims in a loud voice as 
 if he were proud of his diabolical 
 work: "I have won.*' 
 
 "Won," have you, friend? "Won" 
 what? There is no victory unless 
 your work is according to nature's 
 constructive plan; and chagrin, hu- 
 miliation or mortification heaped 
 upon a fellow-man, anything that 
 crushes or disheartens another is 
 against the Natural Order of Life 
 and is a crime. 
 
 The statesman with the newer 
 ideals will do away with the old 
 order. He will not only know Na- 
 
 13
 
 ture's Plan, but have the courage to 
 step out as its advocate. Given 
 enough of these men and the old 
 order of punishment and force and 
 crushing out of pride will be gone, 
 for the statesman of the newer 
 ideals will only call it a victory when 
 he has made the wrong-doer hold up 
 his head and look him in the eye and 
 say to him : "I will sin no more; my 
 self-respect has been restored; you 
 have taught me to love my state; no 
 more can I sin against it." Oh, for 
 100 such Tennesseans! 
 
 The state that adopts the newer 
 ideals will have no more human 
 bloodhounds to use their natural 
 gifts against Nature's Plan but 
 friends of humanity will take their 
 places, that will not tear down what 
 is left of a weak life, but construct 
 and build according to the Great 
 Plan, in which patience and kind- 
 ness and brotherhood is the law. 
 
 14
 
 II. 
 
 We were discussing in last article 
 the new method of handling our 
 criminals. We were suggesting that 
 they needed to be befriended more 
 than condemned and punished. Now 
 the question is, shall we follow the 
 law absolutely when not best for the 
 offender or shall we consider his 
 welfare first and seek to change the 
 law? 
 
 "Oh" we hear the old-time states- 
 man exclaim, "but we must uphold 
 the law." The masses echo "Up- 
 hold the law!" 
 
 Of course, be very careful about 
 the shell of the egg, it makes no dif- 
 ference about the meat, the kernel of 
 the nut is valueless, we will put all 
 the stress on the outside. The letter 
 of the law is of course vastly more 
 important than the spirit of mercy, 
 justice and truth be sure you do 
 not sacrifice the former for the lat- 
 ter. 
 
 Pardon this bit of sarcasm. Ser- 
 
 15
 
 iously, friends how did the court of 
 equity originate? Blackstone de- 
 fines this court as one serving as "a 
 correction of that wherein the law, 
 by reason of its universality, is defi- 
 cient." As a matter of fact it is a 
 court wherein real justice is the 
 order. It is the crowning peak on 
 the great legal pyramid. This pyr- 
 amid was built by the greater minds 
 of the ages. Looking back we find 
 laws were made long, long ago a 
 long while before even women were 
 considered people. These old laws 
 were the best that the minds of that 
 day could conceive of they served 
 in their day beautifully, they repre- 
 sented the conception of justice and 
 truth of their time no age can ask 
 more. But as time grew they be- 
 came inadequate. New minds plac- 
 ed new blocks upon the legal pyr- 
 amid. It has grown into a great 
 structure, ponderous, heavy, almost 
 immovable, yet growing, each year 
 seeing additions that force the old 
 into disuse. The time has come for 
 a new block in the pyramid; we may 
 
 16
 
 be nearing the apex, who knows? 
 Some one will lay the new stone 
 who will it be? The old stones are 
 getting musty and out of date and 
 when this is true the new and clean 
 is not far. Some one of great mind, 
 great will, great courage, will place 
 the new block on top. Our young 
 thinker shakes his head "all very 
 true all very beautiful but had it 
 ever occurred to you," he says, "that 
 one must 'make a living'?" He 
 means of course that the dreamer 
 dares only to dream of reform; that 
 the state pays for the work done in 
 the old way. That he dare not pull 
 out of the time-worn rut for fear he 
 will "lose his job." Well, some men 
 and women have done great things 
 even in the face of starvation; and 
 some men and some women will 
 continue to serve the world in the 
 face of danger. It is much braver in 
 the light of today to declare for a 
 new truth than to enlist for war. The 
 brave man will decline to fight, 
 knowing that fighting of any kind is 
 wrong. The coward follows with the 
 
 17
 
 herd. The brave man will step out 
 in the court room and take the hand, 
 figuratively speaking, of the ac- 
 cused, the coward will not dare. The 
 brave man will work overtime in his 
 study to develop a system of state 
 policy that will conserve the good in 
 the race and the individual and will 
 "cut out" the dead order. He will 
 not hesitate to work for a change 
 even in the stiff leather-bound code, 
 if his conscience commands. 
 
 To sum it up, the offender of today 
 must have different treatment from 
 that which satisfied long ago we 
 cannot stand for the old order of 
 punishment. If the law calls for it 
 change the law. Work out a new 
 system that will satisfy new ideals. 
 So the first reason against practicing 
 love toward the criminal we will 
 dispose of in three words : "Change 
 the law," rather than uphold one out 
 of date. The other great cry of the 
 old-time thinker is, we must punish 
 as an example, for fear others will 
 do likewise." This is vicarious 
 atonement, and was popular in old 
 
 18
 
 days when one slave was whipped to 
 keep the others straight. We cannot 
 hold to it today, we know too well 
 the value of each individual soul. 
 We value too highly the personal 
 misson of each being. We know the 
 great depth of usefulness that lies in 
 the soul of the wrong-doer if he is 
 awakened and started on the right 
 track. We .need only to look to the 
 great work of Jane Addams and her 
 followers to see that out of what is 
 called "the scum of Europe" the 
 unfit and often criminal, she has 
 brought out such wonderful things. 
 She has found histrionic ability so 
 rare in her people of the "submerg- 
 ed" class, that one of the most able 
 troupes of Irish players, now tour- 
 ing in their native country, trace 
 their origin back to the "slums of 
 Chicago." This in only an example 
 mentioned, the talent, gifts and 
 depths of thought which have been 
 brought out of these people in Miss 
 Addams' neighborhood considered 
 worthless in their own land as well 
 as in America, would make an inter- 
 
 19
 
 esting volume, but she rarely writes 
 of her achievements a soul has be- 
 come useful to the world and its race 
 that is all she asks. That brings 
 her content for the greatest thing 
 that an immortal soul can accom- 
 plish is to bring out the latent use- 
 fulness in the souls of our fellow- 
 men. 
 
 20
 
 III. 
 
 The conclusion reached from 
 reading the last two articles would 
 be : that the state, in the light of its 
 newer ideals, standing as father to 
 its citizens, should change its pro- 
 secutor to a defendant, thus provid- 
 ing its erring children with a friend 
 and following the constructive plan 
 of Nature, which conserves and 
 uses all that is good in man. 
 
 It was planned to devote this 
 chapter to the discussion of the mo- 
 nopolizing part played in life by the 
 daily struggle to exist but the sugges- 
 tion of repealing the anti-capital 
 punishment law brings up a new 
 subject. If we are afraid to go for- 
 ward we will tamper with this new 
 and progressive piece of legislation. 
 The idea of the state puting a being 
 to death is barbarous. I know it is 
 a savage in the Lebanon case, (case 
 of negro killing a white citizen) , but 
 even a savage is a soul, and is sent 
 to us to use in some way. 
 
 21
 
 As we know, each evolutionary 
 step at first, brings disaster. By re- 
 moving the capital punishment law, 
 we have ceased to try to rule our 
 citizens through fear (any educator 
 will tell you this is an advance step), 
 fear is like a stone over a boiling 
 volcano and when removed shows 
 the fire we are trying to extinguish. 
 We had better know the quality of 
 the material we are seeking to 
 smother and just what is under 
 cover if we would help our state. 
 
 Education and patience will bring 
 out in the Negro race what will make 
 good citizens of them; we brought 
 them here a short time ago in chains 
 to work for us. We owe them 
 much. Let us not forget. 
 
 Some will say let us rule them 
 through laws that create fear while 
 they are in the savage state and 
 after they have changed we will 
 change the law. That is not in ac- 
 cordance with the evolutionary prin- 
 ciple, nothing grows under fear. 
 
 Do not let us be alarmed over the 
 terrible deeds which happen after 
 
 22
 
 our steps forward, for while each 
 movement forward removes some- 
 thing that has marred the race and 
 our state it also opens new prob- 
 lems for us to solve. We will not 
 solve them by becoming timid and 
 crawling backward into old shells. 
 Be brave friends, do not tamper 
 with a piece of legislation that 
 should be the pride of Tennessee, 
 and in a few years you will see that 
 this is true. Be brave and struggle 
 forward despite the obstacles you 
 meet on the way. 
 
 Some say when women speak 
 through the ballot there will be 
 things to deplore; this is improb- 
 able, but should such be the case, to 
 prevent the step which means their 
 growth would be a psychological 
 crime. 
 
 Our state is climbing towards the 
 Light. 
 
 The trouble Jackson is having 
 with juvenile delinquency is the 
 same old thing. We have passed a 
 law which keeps us from confining 
 the children in jail with hardened 
 
 23
 
 criminals, we certainly do not want 
 to change that. Now we must 
 handle the consequences, which as 
 we have seen, always follow a 
 change. The remedy for the trouble 
 is this: We must have a school 
 which will care for the delinquent 
 child until he is normal. The best 
 teachers we can find should be in 
 charge of this school, for all depends 
 upon the personal touch. A board- 
 ing school for West Tennessee delin- 
 quents. There is not much use in dis- 
 cussing the institutions of our state, 
 however, as long as there is personal 
 ownership in business, etc., the state 
 institutions will be inadequate. 
 State ownership in all lines of busi- 
 ness will solve our problems for 
 then our state could bloom out with 
 all remedies necessary to cure our 
 ills. 
 
 24
 
 IV. 
 
 How much genius lies hidden 
 under the daily struggle for "a liv- 
 ing" will be known only when that 
 burden is lifted. Then and then 
 only will the flowers of thought 
 bloom as they should, then and then 
 only will dreams of the perfect life 
 come true. 
 
 Day in and day out some men and 
 women know nothing but toil and 
 sleep. Worse than animal's life; 
 this is the life of a machine. It is the 
 entire life of many. Others manage 
 to accumulate by middle life enough 
 to have an idle hour or so daily, but 
 it is too late to mean much to either 
 themselves or their state. Is there 
 a remedy for the "daily grind" and 
 the joys and dreams that it crushes? 
 There is. It is perfect co-operation 
 of every unit or individual of a state. 
 This can only be brought about by 
 state ownership. Perfect co-opera- 
 tion is only secured when all work 
 for the same end. 
 
 25
 
 Place the picture of a perfected 
 state before our Tennesseans let 
 each feel that he has a share in mak- 
 ing it perfect, let each feel an indi- 
 vidual ownership, let each draw 
 from it his existence, let the state ap- 
 point his hours for work, his hours 
 for leisure, development and recrea- 
 tion and he will work as he never 
 worked before, study political and 
 social questions as he never studied 
 before, will dance and sing in the 
 public parks and halls like a child 
 free from fear of what tomorrow 
 will bring, free from thought of self 
 knowing that he has only to do his 
 part for the whole state and life and 
 joy abundant is his. Oh, the bitter- 
 ness of the personal, selfish struggle ! 
 How it cramps and hampers! It 
 could then be forgotten and real 
 growth and beauty of soul would be- 
 gin and our state attain its true per- 
 fection. 
 
 Think what it would mean to do 
 away with competition in the com- 
 mercial world. Competition keeps 
 alive the savage instincts in the race. 
 
 26
 
 There are some who have not gotten 
 above the savage line and they glory 
 in the life. It is a strife between 
 brother and brother; hours are con- 
 sumed in planning to draw the 
 crowd and the money our way. The 
 strain to outdo a brother is wearing 
 on nerves and brain and in the end 
 what? A life spent in trying to get 
 the material comforts, with scarcely 
 time to think of the higher joys that 
 music, art, literature or the contem- 
 plation of Nature would have 
 brought. 
 
 The broadest life is the most joy- 
 ous life. The soul that is least per- 
 sonal is the greatest soul. The prac- 
 tical way to attain this broad life, 
 this great soul, is to believe in and 
 work for state ownership. 
 
 Would we like our mail handled 
 by corporations or individuals? No. 
 Then why do we permit our rail- 
 roads, our groceries, our clothing to 
 be? 
 
 Has any one thing done more for 
 humanity than the education of the 
 child by the state? Then why not 
 
 27
 
 have the sick treated and nursed by 
 officers of the state? Public parks 
 with music and dancing pavilions, 
 public automobiles and street cars, 
 art galleries and caffetieres. 
 
 Why do corporations and individ- 
 uals wish to hold on to the various 
 enterprises when they would have 
 all the comforts and luxuries of life 
 with more ease than they have to- 
 day? Their hours of work would be 
 regulated by the state and their 
 only responsibility would be to do 
 the state's work well. 
 
 State ownership would give all an 
 opportunity. State education pre- 
 pares all for the various occupa- 
 tions. State amusements would give 
 each community a chance to become 
 harmonious for it is in the natural 
 joy hours that souls flow into each 
 other. 
 
 The problems of handling the 
 mail and of educating the children 
 has been solved, the other branches 
 of life can be just as easily managed. 
 We would not go back to the old 
 way with either the letters or the 
 
 28
 
 children, and when once tried we 
 would not let our food, clothing, 
 means of transportation, shelter or 
 amusement pass back into the old 
 personal ownership. 
 
 One hundred good, live young men 
 and one hundred interested women 
 could bring Tennessee into this state 
 of mind if they would work to that 
 end. Oh, what an achievement that 
 would be ! No poverty, no crime, for 
 there would be no opportunity for 
 idleness or cause to commit theft- 
 each unit would be compelled to do 
 his part or go elsewhere where 
 another system obtained. There 
 would be different grades of work 
 as there are grades in the school and 
 men and women who desired and 
 were fitted for higher places would 
 advance. 
 
 How great it would be to have our 
 little state first to adopt the new 
 method of government. Why do we 
 want these ideas adopted by de- 
 grees? (they are sure to be advanc- 
 ed with each meeting of the legisla- 
 ture that grants a pension for this 
 
 29
 
 and a pension for that) when a re- 
 organizing through and through by 
 some master statesman would bring 
 heaven to us at a bound. 
 
 Can we not find a leader who will 
 so inspire our people with trust and 
 love that fhey will be willing to 
 place in his hands the right to re- 
 organize and re-construct our state 
 along modern lines? 
 
 30
 
 V. 
 
 In last article a plea was made 
 for state ownership. We will now 
 look upon it from different view 
 points. 
 
 The Commercial View. 
 We know that what is called "big 
 business" is far in advance of "little 
 business"; we know that after con- 
 solidation the same amount of busi- 
 ness may be done with much less ex- 
 pense and work, yet fear has taken 
 possession of us and we cry "down 
 with big business, back to the old 
 ways." Why not make the cry "on- 
 ward another step," and have the 
 state buy in the organizations? This 
 would be real progress. It is a shame 
 to destroy the wonderful mechanism 
 of a gigantic corporation. It is really 
 a beautiful structure and represents 
 the brain and brawn and hours of 
 toil of some of our most talented 
 men. It is the output of soul force 
 and should be registered "good." 
 
 31
 
 Good, but not complete. Not finish- 
 ed, while one man or several hold 
 the whip over others. Not perfect, 
 while prices and hours of work and 
 the benefits that all should enjoy do 
 not radiate from a center common to 
 all the state. "Big Business" means 
 that the very best that can be secur- 
 ed has been selected and bound into 
 a whole; the step to perfect it for 
 the use of humanity is to have all 
 "big business" owned by the state. 
 Not regulated, but literally possess- 
 ed by the people's state. 
 
 2. The Political Viewpoint. 
 Such a state will have no political 
 parties. We have heard often that it 
 would be impossible to do without 
 parties in politics. Well, party poli- 
 tics is about one of the oldest, most 
 threadbare things we cling to. Why 
 in the world we do cling to the meth- 
 od, is hard to understand. By the 
 time women get the ballot, civil ser- 
 vice examinations will have taken 
 the place of the elections and the 
 ballot not used except for choosing 
 rules. From the governor or head 
 32
 
 commissioner down to the most 
 humble official, applications and ex- 
 aminations will take the place of 
 elections and appointments. There 
 can be no graft worked because the 
 examiners and judges will have just 
 what the state allows them for ser- 
 vices and no more. 
 
 3. The Religious Viewpoint. 
 To think of others before self is 
 certainly the Christ life. And where 
 state ownership prevailed the 
 thought would all be for others or 
 the good of the entire state, so there 
 would be no chance whatever for 
 selfishness. One can readily see it 
 was the plan the Master had in mind 
 when He made His two rules for the 
 perfect kingdom: (1) Love for the 
 best and highest; (2) Love for oth- 
 ers. The kingdom of heaven being 
 within each soul, it is necessary that 
 it be manifested on earth, and state 
 ownership bringing a condition op- 
 posed to the selfish or personal 
 life, meaning a life lived daily for 
 others, is the practical way to mani- 
 fest this kingdom. 
 33
 
 4. The Social Viewpoint. 
 
 Some one said: 
 
 "None will be perfectly healthy 
 until all have health; none will be 
 perfectly pure until all are pure; 
 none will be perfectly happy until 
 all are content." 
 
 We know that good and bad bod- 
 ily conditions are contagious, just as 
 good and bad mental states are con- 
 tagious. There is a constant ex- 
 change on both physical and mental 
 planes, a constant flowing in and 
 out, from individual, to individual. 
 So of course one cannot be perfectly 
 well until all have health. 
 
 It is as necessary to our health 
 that the homes of our cooks, nurses 
 and washwomen be sanitary and 
 comfortable as that our own are in 
 proper condition. 
 
 "That none can be perfectly pure 
 until all are pure," is equally true 
 for the interchange of thought and 
 influence is more real and powerful 
 than the physical contamination. 
 
 "That none can be perfectly hap- 
 py until all are happy," is a truism, 
 
 34
 
 for we all are affected by the scenes 
 of poverty, sickness and unhappi- 
 ness that we see around us. When 
 there is no poverty, when the sick 
 are scientifically ministered to, when 
 all have opportunity for joy, scenes 
 of unhappiness will be things of the 
 past. Crime causes much sorrow. 
 When humanity has what it wants, 
 food, shelter, employment, amuse- 
 ment and laws which make way for 
 the outlet of natural joys, there will 
 be no crime; all this we expect to 
 have under the new system. 
 
 The Domestic Viewpoint. 
 The minds of both man and wom- 
 an will be fixed upon the ideal 
 state and the part they are to play 
 therein. This will make for har- 
 mony and content in homes. There 
 will be no time to think of the little 
 shortcomings that each may have. 
 It will be a constant putting their 
 heads together and planning for 
 something that will advance the 
 state; this will bring perfected 
 sympathy. Plans made together at 
 night to execute next day busy and 
 35
 
 happy because it will mean more 
 happiness for others. In this state 
 mothers will draw their compensa- 
 tion from the government, for their 
 work is the most essential work of 
 all citizens. There will be no wants 
 unsupplied and no thought of one 
 family trying to eclipse another, as 
 each will regard the other as a nec- 
 essary part of the whole. 
 
 So we see how commercially, po- 
 litically, socially, religiously and in 
 the domestic life this system shows 
 its superiority over the old one now 
 in practice.
 
 VI. 
 
 The sociological psychology of 
 Germany is very unique. The polit- 
 ical construction of the nation is 
 mysterious and almost incompre- 
 hensible. The fact is it is a dual 
 people. The home-loving, tranquil, 
 music-loving people on the one hand 
 and the feudal, aggressive lords, 
 rulers and land owners on the other. 
 
 Education in Germany is more 
 general than in any other country; 
 college education of the masses, 
 common rather than rare. This gives 
 strength and substantiality to the 
 whole nation, it makes a dependable 
 people. Underneath the upper 
 crust of feudalism there is a people 
 wonderful in their strength and 
 power, but a people feeling that as 
 yet they must for the sake of the 
 state they love be subservient to the 
 head. They have not yet seen the 
 way to the full completion of better 
 things. 
 
 There is no country on our globe 
 
 37
 
 where more social legislation has; 
 been enacted. Underneath the hard 
 adamantive crust, that prevents its 
 bursting into light and power, 
 grows and lives an almost perfect 
 world. 
 
 In our country, America, the po- 
 litical philosophy allows every one 
 to do very much as he pleases. In 
 Germany the common good is a mat- 
 ter of constant concern. State po- 
 sitions are highly prized, are remun- 
 erative, carry dignity and social po- 
 sition and a pension on retirement. 
 The state is the greatest of all agen- 
 cies of service. We emphasize the 
 rights of the individual in our pres- 
 ent government, his property and 
 rights are jealously protected by our 
 constitution and laws. It is assumed 
 that the state should have as little as 
 possible to do with business and that 
 all industries should be left to pri- 
 vate enterprise. This is a philoso- 
 phy born of pioneer conditions and 
 we still cling to it. In Germany even 
 despite the hard feudal crust the 
 people have outgrown us. The field 
 
 38
 
 of socialism in Germany is being 
 constantly extended. At present all 
 forms of transportation are in the 
 hands of the state, railways, canals, 
 waterways, docks, harbors, tele- 
 graph, telephones and express. Coal, 
 iron and potash mines are operated, 
 while many great forests and agri- 
 cultural lands are owned by states 
 and cities. There are state printing 
 works and banks yielding splendid 
 revenues to the state the printing 
 works in 1913 contributed $800,000. 
 Oh, if the remnant of the feudal sys- 
 tem could but melt away under the 
 warm, common interest that the peo- 
 ple in Germany feel, what a glorious 
 country that would be! But, no, it 
 remains to America to be the beacon 
 light. Germany has made its mis- 
 take in beginning at the wrong end 
 and it seems very much like she 
 would lose her all. 
 
 The crown and the nobles or big 
 land owners and capitalists have al- 
 ways been in harmony in Germany, 
 (this is unlike England where they 
 are often in disputes), hence the 
 
 39
 
 great strength and power to com- 
 mand and rule the people. The great 
 ideals held by the people can be only 
 half expressed on account of the iron 
 relic of feudalism that stands in the 
 way. If the crown and land owners 
 cry "fight," fight the people must; 
 though their hearts be by their fire- 
 side where music and love dwell. 
 
 One of the great sources of the 
 strength of the German people, as 
 we have said, is that all are educat- 
 ed. Vocational training is given to 
 all. Farming and city planning are 
 taught as well as training for all 
 state positions. No one is allowed to 
 step into a state or municipal office 
 without being duly prepared and his 
 qualifications ascertained by exam- 
 ination. 
 
 The care Germany takes of her 
 aged, her unfit, the methods she uses 
 for her unemployed, the laws for 
 protecting her laborers in industry, 
 the mothers of children, all should 
 be lessons to other countries that are 
 less thoughtful of humanity and 
 more backward in philanthropic 
 
 ideals. 
 
 40
 
 With all her beauties and wonder- 
 ful achievements we may far out- 
 shine Germany and become perfect- 
 ed as a state if we can but convince 
 the public that a common interest in 
 all things, that a common ownership 
 and a mutual enjoyment of all bless- 
 ings radiating from the state is the 
 heighth of good government and the 
 zenith of human happiness. 
 
 The very fact that Germany has 
 placed so much in the hands of the 
 state which in her case means in the 
 hands of her ruler gives more pow- 
 er to that ruler to use for weal or 
 woe. All telegraphs, railroads, etc., 
 may be used at will. In our case 
 such instruments would be not the 
 crown's, but the people's, and the 
 people's voice alone could command 
 their action. 
 
 Let us take the example of Ger- 
 many's wonderful people and adopt 
 lheir methods of government and 
 education; we that are not afflicted 
 with the oppression of crowned 
 heads that have handicapped her 
 best efforts, and grow into a won- 
 derful power and example that the 
 whole world will rejoice to imitate. 
 
 41
 
 VII. 
 
 When we speak of state owner- 
 ship immediately a cry goes up, 
 "Oh, that is Socialism and Socialism 
 is anarchy and that means free 
 love," and everything dreadful. 
 
 Are we too busy in this workaday 
 world to stop and get a clear idea of 
 terms? 
 
 Anarchy means violence against 
 the state. 
 
 Socialism means love for the state. 
 
 An anarchist is an individual who 
 wants his own individual way so 
 badly that he will throw a bomb to 
 get it. 
 
 A Socialist is an individual who 
 loves his neighbor as himself 
 wants to see the community or state 
 prosper even if he makes sacrifices 
 himself. 
 
 Anarchy means no law or order; 
 Socialism, the highest law and order. 
 They are exactly opposite in mean- 
 ing so do not let us display ignor- 
 ance by making the ridiculous state- 
 
 42
 
 ment that any similiarity exists be- 
 tween them. 
 
 Then when we say, "Oh, Socialists 
 believe in 'free love,' " that is also an 
 absurdity. Love, whether "free" or 
 "tied up," is a private matter and for 
 the individual to decide; and wheth- 
 er he believes in its freedom of ex- 
 pression or smothering it for the 
 sake of conventionality, has nothing 
 to do with whether he is a Democrat, 
 Republican or Socialist. 
 
 The Socialist is one who advocates 
 the birth of children and stands for 
 their proper care and upbringing 
 and as the home at present is the 
 best place to achieve this end the 
 Socialist advocates the peaceful, in- 
 telligently ordered home. The 
 Socialist deplores the fact that so. 
 many young men on account of low 
 wages and the struggle it takes to 
 maintain a family, are deprived of 
 creating a home and believes under 
 a new system more citizens would 
 be created and far less waste of life 
 be perpetrated. 
 
 There will be a more sane and 
 
 43
 
 higher type of mating when the con- 
 sideration of the whole state takes 
 the place of individual rights. There 
 will be fewer marriages for a sup- 
 port. We will found our love upon 
 similarity of tastes, we will love 
 those who "love the things we love," 
 rather than be drawn by some per- 
 sonal pectilarity. Those interested 
 in forestry and gardening will form 
 a contract to live and work together 
 for the beautifying of the state in 
 that line; those interested in writing 
 books or making speeches on latest 
 discoveries in statesmanship will 
 wish to spend their lives together, 
 etc., so there will be closer bonds 
 than now exist where the man is 
 money-maker and the woman house- 
 keeper. Housekeeping has become 
 so simplified that it cannot absorb a 
 woman's entire energy. Woman 
 has ceased to be satisfied with 
 the role of queen or toy or squaw; 
 she must be comrade and friend 
 and an equal partner and thinker. 
 If she is not this, there will be un- 
 happiness, dissatisfaction, incom- 
 
 44
 
 peteness. H. G. Well's novel, "The 
 Passionate Friends" is a wonderful 
 picture of the yearnings of the wo- 
 man of today. She is going through 
 a rather painful step in her evolu- 
 tion. She longs and feels the desire 
 to be individualized, yet there is 
 tugging at her all the old traditional 
 training of primitive woman. The 
 woman in the business world often 
 feels that she would give up all for 
 a home and the woman in the home 
 feels a longing for a real partnership 
 in her husband's affairs Or this 
 energy has no special end in view 
 and is wasted in affairs of vanity 
 and trying to build up a machine to 
 sustain her popularity in society. 
 
 Wider, deeper, more beautiful in- 
 terests will fill our lives and loves 
 when state ownership prevails. We 
 need not fear that passion will run 
 riot quite the reverse will take 
 place. There will be openness and 
 sincerity and the spirit of life, rath- 
 er than the mere letter and form, 
 will be respected. 
 
 Those who have branded Social- 
 45
 
 ism with the "free love" theory have 
 been paid opponents, and we sup- 
 pose their foundation was that 
 Socialists pride themselves on sin- 
 cerity and cry out for a right ad- 
 justment of affairs rather than de- 
 ceit and hypocracy; and all who 
 know anything of life know of the 
 "under the surface" practices that 
 abound today. 
 
 Not the Socialists but the "powers 
 that be" in Europe are clamoring 
 for free and unhampered living be- 
 tween men and women, that child- 
 ren may be born to feed the war god. 
 But that is in keeping with war. 
 
 The Socialist believes not in war 
 or in excess of passion, but in peace- 
 ful citizenship, arbitration, open 
 life, pure love and carefully cared 
 for children. 
 
 46
 
 VIII. 
 
 "To give according to one's abili- 
 ty; to receive according to one's 
 need." 
 
 This is the motto of the new state. 
 Some will exclaim: "Yes, and we 
 will be taking care of all the idle 
 and worthless." Not at all. The 
 need of one may be to be put to 
 work; the need of another may be 
 education or vocational training; the 
 need of another to be sent to a san- 
 itarium. No idlers will be tolerated; 
 the unfit will be made fit or they will 
 find no congeniality in this state. 
 
 What we are all wanting to find 
 is a way to help others, that is really 
 helpful to others. We are trying this 
 in a helter, skelter way that is a fail- 
 ure. Anyone who has worked in any 
 charity organization for a while and 
 given a barrel of flour here and a 
 ton of coal there, a few dollars to 
 be expended as the donee desires, 
 knows that there is really no good 
 done the poor are just as poor 
 
 47
 
 after such gifts and are more help- 
 less. "It were good that there were 
 no poor," says St. Augustine, and 
 that is exactly the state we wish to 
 create. We have all along been mis- 
 interpreting the Master's words, 
 "the poor you have with you, al- 
 ways" begin work to do away with 
 poverty and we will find the exact 
 meaning of His words; many phras- 
 es in the Bible are not understood 
 because we have not the divine light 
 to see; so do not let us rest on our 
 oars and claim that we understand 
 yet. We will have the poor as long 
 as we are content with the Light we 
 now live up to that is certain. 
 
 State ownership pre-supposes a 
 high degree of understanding and 
 development. It will not prevail 
 with those who are yet swamped in 
 the ideals of the savage. "To get, 
 to have, to hold," belongs to a race 
 of people that we are supposed to 
 have left behind. We teach our 
 children in the Sunday school and 
 school by precept to be unselfish 
 we preach the community spirit and 
 
 48
 
 when they look out from the school 
 room what do they see? In the com- 
 mercial world, in the political world, 
 in the social world, in the religious 
 world, in the domestic world 
 everyone fighting for their own 
 rights. The unselfishness that is 
 practiced is that which bursts 
 through the code and comes as a 
 fresh impulse of the soul despite 
 our systems. The growth to higher 
 things is going on in the soul of man 
 and we should arrange our state ac- 
 cordingly. Yes, we really want to 
 help others, we know it is foolish 
 to hoard more than makes us com- 
 fortable, we feel that we want all to 
 be comfortable, to have fires in win- 
 ter, ice in summer, food, clothing 
 and some joy hours, then why not 
 found our state upon these lines? If 
 we do not embody our ideals in state 
 policy we cannot enjoy their benefits 
 or make them practicable. Unless 
 we make the state the great receiv- 
 ing heart of all good things, that 
 may in turn pump out its blessings 
 to the people, we will not have a 
 
 49
 
 prototype of God on earth. We cry 
 to God for all we need, but first 
 we must give Him all He requires. 
 Let us follow up this figure of 
 speech. Suppose there is a wonder- 
 fully organized State Health Com- 
 mission that at the first intimation 
 of sickness of a citizen sends phy- 
 sician and nurse and medicine suffi- 
 cient for cure? Would not this be 
 like Providence stepping in at the 
 opportune moment? Of course each 
 citizen would have contributed his 
 mite to the commission yearly. This 
 makes the Public Health really a 
 matter of public concern and con- 
 verts what we call a private citizen 
 into a public one. Nothing makes 
 for the strength of a state so much 
 as the co-operative interest of the in- 
 dividual units. 
 
 Australia is baking all bread for 
 its people. A wonderful success this 
 has proved. The people get bread 
 at half former cost and the state 
 has a revenue. 
 
 As good as these bits of state-own- 
 ership have proved to be, it is not 
 
 50
 
 the wisest plan to let them creep in 
 one at a time. The entire state 
 should be reconstructed along mod- 
 ern lines to make the system safe 
 and sound. To the capital should 
 be summoned at least one hundred 
 leading men and women property 
 owners, laborers, statesmen and bus- 
 iness men; and a great Industrial 
 Commission formed by combining 
 the minds of the classes represented. 
 This Industrial Commission to be 
 subdivided into Capital, Labor, 
 Statecraft. (This Industrial Com- 
 mission would thresh out the State- 
 owner-ship problem.) This great 
 gathering or convention would rep- 
 resent the welfare of the entire state 
 no party affair, no time or brain 
 wasted in trying to outwit an un- 
 friendly faction, but an open dis- 
 cussion of the entire state's interest. 
 "United we stand, divided we fall." 
 Our divisions and "pulling apart" 
 attitudes have kept us in a tottering 
 condition so long that to get into a 
 sober, brotherly mood would be so 
 novel and peaceful that we would 
 
 51
 
 not know ourselves. If we do not 
 think we are being fought against 
 we soon lose the desire to fight, and 
 if we can destroy the fear that just 
 outside the closed door of a party 
 convention there is another party 
 planning our downfall we will have 
 gained much. 
 
 State ownership, officials chosen 
 by examination and not by ballot, a 
 strong recall law, and we could 
 start things to moving on a plane one 
 degree nearer heaven, anyway. 
 
 Why do we cling so tenaciously to 
 old forms? Why do we plod along 
 in old ruts? In them we have found 
 political strife and commercial war- 
 fare. We preach against selfism yet 
 we continue to plod its road. All 
 nature around us calls upon us to 
 give. We must learn the lesson. If 
 we do not give cheerfully, that which 
 we treasure passes from our grasp; 
 so it were better that we step for- 
 ward into the light and offer up our 
 possessions to make the whole com- 
 plete. "Service not gain" is the high- 
 est order of life, let us school our- 
 
 52
 
 selves to become at home in its 
 ranks. 
 
 That State or Nation is strongest, 
 that has the greatest number of well 
 educated, public citizens. Each child 
 under the state system will receive 
 an education; each citizen may be 
 converted from a private, selfish 
 citizen into a public one by adopting 
 the new state policy of state owner- 
 ship, and when all private citizens 
 are changed into public ones the 
 Golden Rule has come true. In that 
 time we will hate war so that we 
 will not let it come near us, we will 
 love peace; we will hate idleness 
 and love work; we will turn from 
 self-indulgence and study statecraft; 
 we will form a state abounding in 
 wonderful state institutions and 
 magnificent state industries; a state 
 that will be our pride, our joy, our 
 stronghold. 
 
 53
 
 A LAST WORD. 
 
 In the new state there will be no 
 anxiety about sickness or old age; no 
 fear that children will not be cared 
 for and educated. 
 
 There will be no slums, no unsani- 
 tary houses, no cheap factories. 
 
 There will be good roads, electric 
 cars all over state, public clubs, 
 parks, gardens, schools, sanatori- 
 ums, music and lectures. 
 
 Self-gratification will be express- 
 ed in self-development, not dissipa- 
 tion. 
 
 Self-realization in service, not 
 gain. 
 
 You will pay the municipality for 
 rent of home. 
 
 If a farmer, you will pay state for 
 land, and rent will come back to you 
 in highways, public telephones, elec- 
 tric cars, etc. 
 
 If a merchant, you will become a 
 member of the state distributing 
 service. Your rise will be according 
 to your worth, you will have security 
 
 54
 
 for living, an assured old age, short- 
 er hours, more freedom, greater 
 opportunity. 
 
 If a mother, you will have an in- 
 dividual income from state in pro- 
 portion to number of children. 
 
 A physician will be an honored 
 member of the great public system 
 for maintaining health. 
 
 A lawyer, while no private solici- 
 tor will be needed, the state will be 
 his field and points of state organi- 
 zation and adjustment his occupa- 
 tion. 
 
 An artist will compete with the 
 world through national critics and 
 galleries; if he finds he is not com- 
 petent, schools will be open to him 
 and work until he is proficient. 
 
 A cook will be scientifically train- 
 ed, a master of pure food prepara- 
 tion, heads of public kitchens, from 
 which neighborhood meals will be 
 served if desired. 
 
 To the laborer or one having "a 
 boss" we would say : that the dignity 
 of his position will be increased one 
 hundred fold; by working for the 
 
 55
 
 State and having a real living inter- 
 est in all industries he can assist in 
 regulating hours, safety, etc., re- 
 garding his daily task. There is an 
 ego within each of us, that wants its 
 own voice in its own work, and it 
 matters not how good, how kind the 
 master the fact that there is a 
 master (perhaps a benefactor) 
 makes an uneasiness within the in- 
 dividual breast. 
 
 The capitalist or landowner will 
 perhaps not be bothered with tracts 
 of land, but will become joint owner 
 with fellowmen in his state, and a 
 happier citizen. 
 
 So our state becomes an orderly 
 working organization in which all 
 its citizens play an active, happy 
 part. 
 
 Friend, do you not like the no- 
 bility of the system? 
 
 Are you not tired of the old po- 
 litical methods, that require that 
 you scheme and plan behind a 
 brother's back to win? Are you not 
 weary of the strain that the old com- 
 mercial methods place upon you? 
 
 56
 
 Planning at night to advertise goods 
 cheaper than your brother in the 
 morning? 
 
 Mr. Ford is a capitalist. He longs 
 to divide with humanity his im- 
 mense income. How very simple it 
 would all be if he would sell out for 
 a nominal sum to Uncle Sam. With 
 Mr. Ford as manager the business 
 would continue to prosper, but 
 Uncle Sam would be the distributing 
 power and we would see the great 
 pile of dollars converted into won- 
 derful school buildings with free 
 lunch rooms for the children, or 
 jitney Fords that would carry them 
 lo the county high school or beauti- 
 ful flower gardens along the public 
 highways. 
 
 To socialize a state is to make it 
 one in policy and the property of 
 the people. No political parties, no 
 personal commercial centers prevail 
 in the really socialized state. So do 
 not confuse the term "socialize" 
 with any party it is the only term 
 that can be used to convey the unity 
 conceived. The Democratic or Re- 
 
 57
 
 publican party might adopt state 
 ownership in its platform, but lit 
 will not be effectual, any more than 
 it has been in the Socialist party, 
 until they give up the ballot and 
 adopt examination for office hold- 
 ers. It just happens that the Social- 
 ist party, being a new organization, 
 has adopted some of the latest, most 
 improved methods of government 
 so it will do no harm to the organiza- 
 tion of the state as a whole to 
 acknowledge that they have brought 
 forward this good plan. We are in 
 nowise going over to them, but 
 simply bringing part of their plat- 
 form over to us. 
 
 This new state policy was a lead- 
 ing topic of discussion in our last 
 century; it will be the leading one 
 in this. And adopted by all long 
 before its close. 
 
 The term state is used in a gen- 
 eral way. National ownership and 
 municipal ownership will be adopt- 
 ed in cases where more expedient 
 than state ownership. 
 
 Let us stand for a moment on the 
 
 58
 
 outside of all parties and see our 
 state the center of justice and har- 
 mony, the property of its citizens 
 instead of a battleground of in- 
 dustrial and political fighters; get- 
 ting the vision well into our souls 
 let us hasten to bring about its ma- 
 terialization. 
 
 59
 
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