UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA 
 AT LOS ANGELES 
 
 ROBERT ERNEST COWAN
 
 CALIFOENIA PILGRIM 
 
 A SERIES OF LECTURES, 
 
 BY J. A. BEXTON, 
 
 l^ASTOR OF THE FIRST" CHURCH OF CHRIS" 
 IV SACP.ALIEKTO. 
 
 •■ Hay I not write In such a styla as this. 
 Tn snch a method, too. and yet not miss 
 
 M V end— thy good 7 — - 
 
 So'lidily. inJoel, becomes the pen 
 Of him who writeth things diuine to men : 
 Brit must ' C'?*?d9 want solidnesn. because 
 By metaphors I spesi^ ? — - ' 
 
 SACRA31EXT0, CAL. : 
 
 SOLOMON ALTER, PLTJLISHEK. 
 
 MA[IVIN & illTCHCOCJv, SAX FRAXCISCO. 
 
 18 5 3.
 
 Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1S53, by 
 
 JOSEPH A. BENTON, 
 
 In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the Northern 
 
 District of California.
 
 F 
 
 JARED LINSLY, M. D., 
 
 O V 
 
 THE CITY OP NEW YORK; 
 
 THE READY HELPER 
 
 OF ASPIRING AND STRUGGLING YOUTH . 
 
 THIS "VO LUM E 
 
 S3 jRjsytcilEllii Simcnbrii, 
 
 B r H : 9 
 
 OBLIGED SINCERE FRIEND, 
 
 THE AUTHOR. 
 
 2593:iD
 
 SAcnAMENTO, December 28th, 1852. 
 Rev. Mr. Bextox : 
 
 Dear Sir : Having heard, with deep interest, your series of 
 lectures on the progress of the " California Pilgrim,'' and believing 
 a general dissemination of the expositions and views so attrac- 
 tively and felicitously set forth therein, would not only be 
 profitable to them, but desirable by the people of California 
 generally, you are hereby requested, most respectfully, to furnish 
 a copy of your manuscripts containing them, for publication. And 
 you will much oblige, 
 
 Tours, &C.J 
 
 Elias D. Kennedy, John McKee, 
 
 F. W. Page, D. 0. Mills, 
 
 R. B. Hall. W. C. Waters, 
 
 R. H. McDonald, James Gallup, 
 
 Jona. Williams, A. C. Sweetser, 
 
 H. W. Harkness. 
 
 Sacramexto, January 18, 1853. 
 John McKee, D. 0. Mills, W. C. Waters, axd others : 
 
 Gentlemen : Your note, requesting the publication of my 
 lectures on the " California Pilgrim," has been sometime under 
 consideration. I have now resolved to comply with your wishes ; 
 and, as soon as it is practicable, I shall commit my manuscripts to 
 the hands of the printers. 
 
 Obediently yours, 
 
 J. A. BENTON,
 
 PREFATORY NOTE. 
 
 The autlior conceived the idea of tlicsc lectures while on a 
 visit into the country last summer. He wrote and delivered 
 them. They took this form that the most diverse matters 
 might be wrought into them, and that the writer might 
 relieve the somewhat somber cast of his ordinary discoui-ses, 
 and escape the charge of being a scold. 
 
 The reader should be informed that the " Moral" of each 
 lecture was originally spoken extemporaneously. They are 
 now written from memory, and given in brief, and for 
 substance only. The burning of Sacramento occurred 
 during the delivery of the lectures; and hence the notice 
 taken of that event, in the ninth lecture. 
 
 The design of the lectures, in part, was, to benefit a class 
 of people, "not otherwise reached by the author's ministra- 
 tions. They are published to be of stiU further service, if 
 haply they may, to that large class. 
 
 For himself, the writer of this book has nothing to say. 
 Whether he be a novice in authorship ; what public relations 
 he may sustain ; what opinions he may hold ; and what may 
 be his personal peculiarities ; the curious in such matters, if 
 any, can easily find out otherwise, if they do not find them 
 in the book.
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 Page. 
 
 I. Monte Diabolo, - - - - 9 
 
 II. Grqup on the Steamer's Deck, - 38 
 
 III. Fortunatus Wait, - - - 94 
 
 IV. Model Legislators, - - - 145 
 V. Morning after the Conflagration, - 1S9 
 
 VI. Jonathan Jointstock, - 252
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 LECTURE I. 
 
 Page, 
 riace of the Dream— The Pilgrim on the Steamer— The 
 Narrative of his Life, 9 
 
 LECTURE n. 
 The Pilgrim now a man of Note — Scenes on Board-— Entrance 
 into the Harbor, 29 
 
 LECTURE m. 
 Going on Shore— A Night's Entertainment — First Day in San 
 Francisco, .-.-46 
 
 LECTLTIE rV. 
 Second Day in San Francisco — Castle Ancient — Journey to the 
 Mission, G8 
 
 LECTURE V. 
 Journey to the South— Fortunatus Wait— Mrs. Nettles— San 
 Jose, 93 
 
 LECTURE VL 
 Journey to Stockton— Tour of the City— Journey to Sacramento, IIG 
 
 LECTURE VII. 
 Sunday in the City— The Churches— Tour through a portion of 
 the City, loS
 
 Vlli COXTEXTS. 
 
 LECTURE VIII. 
 
 Page. 
 The Stages — Horse Market — Levee — K street corners — 
 
 Evening Tour, 159 
 
 LECTURE IX. 
 Election Day — Departure — Return — Sacramento Burnetl, - 183 
 
 LECTURE X. 
 American River — Ride across the Plain — Mining Towns — 
 Journey to the North Fork, 202 
 
 LECTURE XL 
 
 Vicinity of Yankee Jim's — Learned Miners — Discussion of the 
 Origin of Gold 223 
 
 LECTURE XII. 
 Journey to Grass Valley — to Nevada — to the Sierra — The 
 Conclusion 243
 
 THE 
 
 CALIFORNIA PILGRIM 
 
 LECTURE I. 
 
 "The prophet that hath a dream, let him tell a dream. " — 
 Jeu. 23 : 28. 
 
 As I traveled through this world and its wildernesses, I 
 lighted upon a certain place, which was a lone craggy niouu- 
 The place of ^^^^' ^^^^ ^^^^'^ ^'^^' l^^^^g tii'ouud it, changing 
 the dream. to a purple in the glow of the evening hour. 
 Deep valleys were sunk on every side of it ; and, here and 
 there, they opened through frightful gorges. The mountain 
 itself was seamed with fissures, and furrowed with dark 
 ravines. It was not fitted for the dwellings of men. No 
 human beings abode there, but for a night. 
 About the name ^^ ^^^ Called after no man, nor saint, nor good- 
 '^^^^' angel. For a thousand miles along the ocean- 
 
 border had all regions of water and land been honored with 
 the names of worthies and holies, female and male. Inlet 
 and bay, rill and river, hill and valley, plain and desert, 
 forest and rock, rejoiced in saintly titles. It was as if the 
 whole company of the faithful, whether human or angelic 
 in origin, had, for a day, alighted along the shore, when on 
 some terrestrial errand, and left their appellations behind. 
 But on this mountain top there was no record writ, and, as 
 yet, it stood unknown, and without a name.
 
 10 THE CALIFORNIA TILGRIM. 
 
 An era of travel and discovery arrived. Tlic good Fath- 
 ers journeyed eastward to spy out the laud. They came 
 upon this mountain, all nameless then. Its vast proportions 
 made it deserving of a lofty and imposing title. The cata- 
 logue of distinguished worthies was long ago exhausted. But 
 so towering a peak must not lack a name importing some- 
 what. So, for want of a better, it was ycleped after that 
 How It was notorious person that first made revolt in heaven, 
 tVuiaboio>'° and unfurled an ill-starred banner on the celes- 
 tial heio-hts. Thus it came to pass that the solitary moun- 
 tain had a noteworthy name ; standing there in its grandeur, 
 on the confines of a region still unexplored. In later times, 
 dim tradition — held in high esteem by not a few — failed not 
 to keep alive the story, that in days gone by, there happened 
 many a strange thing there ; so much so, that the aborigines^ 
 and all the common sort of people, held the place to be 
 possessed by him, or the progeny of him, in honor of whom 
 it had been originally named. 
 
 There were there neither moat, nor ditch, nor castellated 
 peak, nor crumbling walls, to tell of any defiant lord, any 
 deeds of valor in arms, or to declare the wonders of faded 
 renown. The grim spirit of the ages had left there many a 
 record, and strewn the emblems of his power on every hand • 
 but him, no eye of man had seen, and none had ever pre- 
 sumed to call him by a name. 
 
 The story of the mountain may seem a legend or a myth, 
 and some man's matter of fact may brush it away, or rob it 
 of venerableness and beauty ; but the lone grandeur of the 
 mountain abides ; and mortal may not presume to deny the 
 doing, when he cannot tell what persons are there, nor what 
 deeds are done, within the folds of mist, when ofttimes the 
 craggy top is hidden among the clouds.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. II 
 
 As I said, in traveling, I lighted upon this spot, after a 
 weary day's journey. From the summit I looked off in 
 every direction. As the sun went down, at my left, it sank 
 far out in the boundless waters, where the blue of the sea 
 and the sky met and mingled. Nearer, on my left, ran 
 up and down successive lines of hills, giving the landscape 
 the appearance of a furrowed field, run through by Nature's 
 generous ploughshare. These belts of rock and forest 
 gradually diminished in height toward the west, and finally 
 melted into the ocean waves. 
 
 On my right lay a broad valley, many leagues in 
 length, embosoming mighty rivers ; its borders laced and 
 interlaced with silver streams, whose gathered waters 
 mingled at last, and poured all their fullness through a deep 
 channel, a litttle way to the northward from the mountain's 
 base. Beyond the great valley, toward the east, one above 
 another, step by step, the wooded hills began to ascend; 
 and then, 
 
 " Stern and bold, 
 Their snowy summits shining in the sun. 
 The distant mountains rose ; and North and South 
 Stretched out the serried range ; its liquid sides 
 Fruitful of streams, whose dashing torrents roll 
 O'er golden sands. " 
 
 A lodge is ^^ ^^^ cavemous rocks I sought a place of 
 sought. j.gg^_ Pqj. ^}^g twilight was deepening, and the 
 
 stars began to shine ; and sometimes I thought I heard a 
 low growl, or a quick, sharp bark, as if I were not altogether 
 alone in a place so solitary. Coming to a spot that seemed 
 like the mouth of some deep cave, or den, I laid me down 
 there weariedly to sleep, with thoughts of home, and friends
 
 12 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 far away, and my wanderings of late, all fresh in my mind. 
 
 The sleeper hath ■'^^'^'^^'^^^^^^'^ ^ ^^^^ ^^^^ asleep ; and, as I 
 a vision. slept, I dreamed a dream. I f;iin would keep 
 
 in memory that mountain dream ; and therefore I have 
 written it down. 
 
 What the dream- In ^J tlream I saw a gallant ship coasting 
 ersaw. along the shore of a deep, broad, and tranquil 
 
 sea. A murky cloud from her smoke-pipe hung over the 
 seething foam in the track of her keel. A light breeze on 
 the larboard quarter just filled her spread canvas. On the 
 quarter-deck, half concealed by the mizzen-mast and the 
 spanker, a man of middle-age, and serious aspect, was 
 sitting with a book in his hand. As he read therein he 
 wept, for he " remembered Sion ; " and, being unable to 
 contain longer, ho broke out, saying, "How much have I 
 lost ! " 
 
 His trouble the rather increased, as he thought of the 
 miserable condition of hundreds about him, his fellow- 
 voyagers for time and eternity, whom he feared, perchance, 
 he might never have warned enough of their evil and danger. 
 So he resolved still further to utter words of good counsel 
 to certain whom he had often overheard profeniug the name 
 of Grod. His boldness on this occasion took them somewhat 
 by surprise ; for before he had dealt only in gentle words. 
 They said this man was alone in the business of reproof; 
 although there were many on board who professed to be 
 holy men, and hailed from the city of Moral-action ; while 
 it was proved that all of them had lived in the province of 
 Mortal-ruin, at least for a time. 
 
 These profane men were sore amazed at the words of the 
 serious man ; not for that they could gainsay what he 
 uttered, but because they believed, not knowing what to
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 13 
 
 think else, that " some distemper had got into his head. " 
 "Therefore, it drawing toward night, and hoping that sleep 
 might settle his brains, with all haste they got him to bed. " 
 But tha night was to him as the day. Wherefore, instead 
 of sleeping, he spent its hours in weeping and praying. 
 " So when the morning was come they would know how he 
 did. " He told them he was much the same in mind ; but, 
 if anything changed, he was more anxious than ever to have 
 them reformed. He also set to talking with them again in 
 serious mood. Whereat, "they began some of them to be 
 hardened. They also thought to drive his distemper away 
 by harsh and surly carriage toward him." Sometimes 
 they would mock hun ;" anon they would chide him ; and 
 then they ^vould take pains to neglect him entu-ely. Where- 
 fore, the more sincerely he pitied them, and the more 
 earnestly he prayed for them, both in hLs retirement and as 
 he walked solitary. 
 
 I perceived, also, that with nevr diligence, and a heartier 
 zest, he applied himself to the study of his book — the which 
 he kept always in his hands — and that, the more he perused 
 and reflected, the more steadfast and calm he became, 
 until he ceased from his melancholy looks and sighs, and 
 began to wear a bright and heavenly face. 
 
 I observed that now he began talking and explaining his 
 book to knots and groups of men, as he found opportunity. 
 Some there were that loved to hear his words ; and they 
 followed him from one company to another. Ei'e long as 
 other men gathered round to hear him, in the edge of the 
 crowd would linger those profane deriders. By and by, 
 they began to correct each other ; and in a short space they 
 left off their profanity altogether ; and, finally, were not 
 ashamed to be seen walking with the serious man in his
 
 14 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 portion of the great ship. Thus, by degrees, this person, 
 who seemed to be a sort of poor pilgrim, began to be a 
 man somewhat set by in that motley company borne along 
 on the foaming billows. Still, there were many that thought 
 him not a little singular, and somewhat fantastical, and 
 given to whims and conceits ; and by some he was consid- 
 ered very straight-laced, and a man of many prejudices, 
 whose notions were got from thecatechism, and whose views 
 of things were governed by Pres. Edwards' resolutions. 
 Now I saw in my dream, so soon as the face and 
 fame of the Pilgrim — ^for such he now affirmed that he 
 was — became known, and his haunts on the ship were 
 It gets about that ^^^^^ familiar, and it got bruited about that 
 he IS a Pilgrim, j^g ^^^^ ^ pilgrim, taking this raute through 
 the land of gold, for the golden city, amid the serene 
 mountains in the Glad-land, that a common desire sprang 
 up to see, and heav, and talk with a man so presumptuous 
 as to think he could be a pilgrim, keeping steadily on his 
 course, when those on board, twenty to one, at least, were 
 opposed to religious pilgrimages, or thought little of them, 
 or had come back from them disheartened, in former years. 
 These all were sure that this individual must be a very 
 weak-minded and misled man ; and, if he were not, he 
 had got into strange company, where the major part 
 smoked, swore, drank, gtmibled, and gallanted courtesans, 
 and was taking the most unfrequented — by pilgrims — of all 
 roads to rcaoh the Glad-land. They did not consider that 
 when one is to go half round the world to find his destina- 
 tion, it matters not in wliicli of two opposite directions he 
 travels, provided he keep to his parallel ; nor remember that 
 "They shall come from the East and the West, the North 
 and the South, and shall sit down in the kingdom of God."
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 15 
 
 The Pilgrim is At lenfftli, SO Urgent became the wish to 
 
 askcrt totell his , '' ' ,^., ° . , , , 
 
 storj-. see and hear the J ilgrim, and so general the 
 
 interest felt in tlie matter, that ho promised the company 
 to meet them on the next Lord's day, and tell them who he 
 was ; what he was ; whence he came ; and why he had set 
 out on this pilgrimage. So, when, fur want of a preacher, 
 a gentleman in undress uniform, perhaps it was the com- 
 mander of the vessel, had read prayers and concluded the 
 service ; which, to the Pilgrim, was a pleasure, though it 
 were very formally rendered ; and when the excitement of 
 the dinner hour had passed away, he sat down quietly to 
 tell the company his story. 
 
 The ntirration -^^^^^ ^^*^ ^^'^^ bcgau. I was bom forty 
 bcfc'ins. ^years ago in the city of Doomsend, in the 
 
 province of Sin and Misery. It was a very large province. 
 Xo accurate survey wa.s ever made of it, nor any definite 
 bounds fixed to it. The city where my father lived was 
 exceedingly large, and was crowded with people. Although 
 the mortality was frightful, and the inhabitants perished by 
 thousands every year ; yet, so vast was the throng con" 
 tiuually rushing to the place, that no diminution was ever 
 perceptible in the numbers that weut jostling each other 
 through the streets. 
 
 The Father of ^h' fiithcr was Mr. Frcelove Gaine ; and 
 Pilgrim. j^g drove a profitable business in Dooms- 
 
 end by engaging in all sorts of traffic, devising numerous 
 schemes for speculation, and being much concerned in 
 settling up the afikirs of dead men. 
 
 Tii» Piigrim'ij I ^^'^^ called by ray father Followup Gainc, 
 original name, ^{^^^^^jj ^^^^^^^ ^^ christened, for my mother 
 
 wished to name me Fearevil Crainc. At an early age I 
 was sent from home to be taught ; and strange, confused
 
 16 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 memories of those clays haunt me still. But I was not 
 suffered to remain long at the school where my mother 
 placed me, under Mr. Wisdom Branch's tuition, in the 
 little inland town of Refuge, in the province of Moderation, 
 inhabited by a people who had no commerce with the city 
 of Doorasend. 
 
 My father took me home ; and in a few days stationed mo 
 at a desk in his spacious office, among a score of youth, who 
 were there to learn by what appliances and sharp practice 
 they might hope to succeed in acquiring wealth and influ- 
 ence, as my father had, in the great city. 
 A zealous man '^^ ^ame to pass while I was yet a youth, 
 preaches. ^^^^ ^ noted and zealous preacher visited the 
 
 populous city of our abode, and in very startling language 
 warned the inhabitants of their danger ; announcing the 
 speedy destruction of the place ; declaring that it must 
 come ere long to an utter end, and no one conld tell how 
 soon its foundations would be shaken, or the flames of wrath 
 let loose upon it. This preacher was Mr. Holdfast High ; 
 and he was one who never for a moment let go his grasp 
 upon the vastness of things above , nor foiled to act under 
 their power. 
 
 There were few, however, that gave him heed and obeyed 
 his instructions ; though all confessed that he was earnest 
 and eloquent. But, among the few who listened and com- 
 plied was my own mother. She in vain strove to prevail on 
 her husband and her children to go with her in her flight 
 from the doomed city. My father did nothing to oppose the 
 going of any of us, for he was too much absorbed in mon- 
 cj -getting to take trouble about other matters. Yet there 
 were many in the city who made mock of the little company 
 of believers about to set off on their journey of escape, de- ■
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILORIM. 17 
 
 tcniiined, if possible, to reach the city of Redemption in 
 the pi-ovincc of Faith. 
 
 The great mass of the citizens said, that, however much 
 3Ir. Holdfast Hif'h miirht know of other regions, he was 
 ignorant of theirs, and was a fool for coming to thorn with 
 any such messages as he had been delivering in their midst. 
 They alleged that it was impossible to burn more than one 
 block in Doomsend, at a time, on account of the unusual 
 breadth of the streets. And, besides, the city stood on 
 the banks of the river of ^Mortality, and they could flood its 
 whole area, to the depth of several feet, with the waters of 
 that river, in a very little while. And then, also, the entire 
 province of Sin and Misery, a thousand times as big as any 
 other, was deeply concerned in the preservation of its 
 chief city ; and the hosts of the inhabitants would rush to 
 its rescue at a moment's Avarning ; so that it was all folly 
 for any of their people to be alarmed about the mattcT. 
 
 3Iy mother, indeed, was never content to dwell in Dooms- 
 end ; and had onl}- consented to abide there for a time. 
 She was born in the town of Euphemia, in the province of 
 Innocence ; and she had married my father with the un- 
 derstanding, that, after a fuw years' stay in Doomsend, 
 they would return and settle in her native place. But his 
 business and his gains had served to attach him more and 
 more to Doomsend ; till, at length, she began to despair of 
 ever getting out of it alive. And now she went out of it — 
 so much alone — as she verily believed, not only to preserve 
 the life of her own soul, but the souls of any wliom she 
 might draw away after her. 
 
 When my mother found that she could not prevail on me 
 to accompany her, she embraced and kissed me many times, 
 and her tears fell on my face like rain, while my heart
 
 18 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 smote me dreadfully for my obstinate wickedness ; but still 
 I refused to go with licr. Then she took from her bosom 
 a volume of the Book of Life aud gave it to me, enjoining 
 tne to read it every day, aud to think on my ways and turn 
 unto the Lord. I could not help making the promise to 
 read the book diligently, although I felt unwilling to commit 
 myself to any farther task, or to engage to follow her. 
 
 As soon, however, as she was gone, and I saw how ill 
 things proceeded without her, iu our house, especially on 
 Sunday — for that day began there to be a day of carousal, 
 as in the rest of Doomsead — I was often sad aud dejected, 
 and would retire to my chamber, and read the Book my 
 mother gave me, and think of my condition. The more I 
 perused it, the more I felt a longing to know what its pages 
 revealed ; and it began to seem strange to me that I had 
 possessed such a Book so long without knowing anything at 
 all, beyond what my mother told me in childhood, of the 
 wonders and treasures it contained. And thus, from week 
 to week, I read on until I bocame greatly distressed in my 
 mind ; and, at times, I could scarcely refrain from crying 
 out in my trouble. I perceived that I was indeed a sinner, 
 lost and undone. 
 
 Matters went on thus many days and weeks, and often the 
 tears would come iu my eyes when I was about my daily 
 business, but I dared not tell my distress to any one for fear 
 my grief would be turned into ridicule ; and when night came 
 I could get no sleep for thinking of my mother, my own 
 wretched state, and the coming misery of the whole city, 
 and how stubborn and foolish I had been in not flying with 
 her to a place of safety. I saw by the Book, I felt in my 
 soul, that, born as I was, and living as I had lived, " I was 
 surely condemned to die, and after that to come to judg-
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 19 
 
 jnont ;" and I couU think of the future only with an inde- 
 finable dread. 
 
 It chanced one day, wlicn filled with sorrow and distress 
 on account of my sins, I had gone out from the city to be 
 rid of a jovial meeting, and a company of young inebriates 
 on a drinking bout, that, as I was walking by myself in u 
 lone dell, half thinking aloud, and praying in my thoughts, 
 and repeating to myself such Scriptures as, " Turn ye, turn 
 ye, why will ye die } My son, give me thine heart," 
 A new friemi ^^''^^ ^hcve Came to mc a man of a cheerful 
 appears. countenance, and a serene light in his eye, 
 
 who, seeing my dejected state, accosted me with kind 
 words, saying, " Art thou in trouble, my son r" "Never in 
 worse, sir," said I, for my soul is troubled, and I know not 
 how to ease me of my sorrows and burdens, though I am 
 quite sure I should have escaped all this misery had I gone 
 with my good mother to the city of lledemption. 
 
 It is not yet too late to set out fn- the place, my son, said 
 he, but you cannot overdo in making haste to leave this 
 city, and flee the wrath to come, nor too soon reach the 
 strong gates of the blessed city of Redemption, whose Lord 
 hath himself declared, " Ilim that cometli unto me I 
 will in no wise cast out. Come unto me all ye tliat labor 
 and are heavy laden, and ye shall find rest unto your souls." 
 Moreover, added he, you will not set out alone, for I 
 am come hither on purpose to help off a nephew of mine, 
 one Mr. Highresolve, a youth of exeellent parts, who has 
 been a long time determined to leave, but could never get 
 He teiu his ^^^ UKi'^ter's cou.sent to go until now. My 
 ""'"*■ name is Good Counsel, and I dwell hard by 
 
 the best road to the glorious city you have in mind. In- 
 deed, I live on the borders of the province of Faith, at the
 
 20 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM, 
 
 place where all the paths from the region of Sin and Misery 
 meet, and beyond my house the road is one and the same 
 for all the escaped ; it is the " highway of holiness." 
 
 Then he took me by the hand and counseled me still 
 more particularly. I was charmed with his speech ; and I 
 had never met one before who seemed a man of so excellent 
 a spirit. My tears dropped on his hand as I kissed it, and I 
 told him that if he would acquaint me with Mr. Highre- 
 solve, I would at once abandon Doomsend and all my bad 
 associates — for, indeed, the major part were a sorry set, 
 giving their nights over to dissipation, and spending all the 
 heat, freshness, and beauty of their youth in riot and de- 
 bauch — and we two would make good our escape together. 
 
 The name of It was thcu that he askod mc my name. I 
 
 the youth about , . ^ , . 
 
 to be a Pilgrim, was almost ashaiucd to let him know that it 
 was Followup Gaine. At first he looked sur])rised, on learn- 
 ing my name; and I found that it was because he had known 
 my father in childhood, and they had been mates at school. 
 He said that he had not spoken with my father since they 
 were lads ; that my father never fancied him, even in boy- 
 hood ; and that, of late years, he had avoided him pretty 
 much altogether. 
 
 As to myself, he remarked, that, although " Godliness with 
 contentment is great gain," yet, inasmuch as my name was 
 somewhat equivocal in its signification, and there might be 
 a bad construction put upon it, and an ill odor might seem 
 to rise out of it, it would be better to change the latter 
 part, since I was about to lead a new life, and to go among 
 strangers, and so to alter it that it should read Followup 
 Good instead of Followup <.niinc. I forthwith complied 
 with liis suggestions, and ever since that day I have been 
 known as Mr. Followup Good.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 21 
 
 Mr. iiiRiiresoivo ^^ maclc our Way back to the city, where 
 ii.tro.i..ced. ^jj. Highresolve was introduced to me, and 
 
 was told concerning my wishes and purposes. He was de- 
 lighted to know me, and with the prospect of my bearing hi»u 
 company. He was all ready and eager to set off. His 
 aflPairs had been at once put in complete order. He had 
 no patience with hesitations, doubts, and delays ; and he had 
 no slight need of Mr. Good Counsel to check his impetuo.sity. 
 
 I proceeded to write a message for my father, and to 
 take a hurried leave of such companions and associates as 
 I thought would have any concern about my going, or would 
 heed my words at parting. I told them my purpose and 
 ray reasons, and exhorted thorn to follow un and so escape 
 the coming woe. 
 
 I could not get away quiotly, howovor, for the report 
 went into the streets, and reached my father's office, that I 
 had got scared about something, and was going t ) turn my 
 back on everything and everybody in Doomsend. There 
 was no small stir about the matter, and some began to mock 
 and deride, and others cursed and swore, and said things I 
 should be sorry to repeat, they would give you so bad an 
 opinion of the people I was born among. I did not at- 
 tempt a reply to much 'they said, and only told them I be- 
 lieved and feared God, and was therefore going away at his 
 bidding ; and if any of them supposed I was foolish or timid 
 in the matter, I could not help it, and they might live to 
 know better. 
 
 But there were some that had, when at a distance from 
 me, tried to scoff and jeer, who, when I passed near to them, 
 whispered — " You are right — it is a wise step — we are glad 
 you have set out — we ought to escape ourselves — perhaps we 
 will." These persons were Mr. Welltaught, Mr. Quitecon-
 
 22 THE CALIFORNIA PILGMIM. 
 
 victed, Mr. Mostpersuadecl, and several others, whom I need 
 The PiiTim ^'^^^ uientiou now. So we got on our way from 
 gets away. Dooniscnd, at last, under charge of Mr. Good 
 Counsel, who would not leave us until we were well on our 
 iourney, and the worst difficulties were escaped. As we 
 passed by Cheatcm How, in Sharper street, where my fath- 
 er's of&ce was, and were turning the corner into escape Av- 
 enue, the latest sound we heard distinctly was a shout of 
 vulo-ar laughter. With a brisk step we soon made our way 
 past certain notorioas places in the suburbs, Kouting-grove, 
 Prize-fight-ring, llace-horse-lane, Smash -up-hollow, and 
 others, leaving Egg-nogg-town, Sunday-ride-rcsort, Dog- 
 scramble, and such places, lying around the slough of Mor- 
 tal-corruption, far off to the left. 
 Mr. Good coun- We had our share of grief, and shed soma 
 
 sel entertains ^ , , i i x- 1? ^ 
 
 them. natural tears ere we had gone tar. Jiut as 
 
 we went on, Mr. Good Counsel entertained us with his 
 profitable talk of the vanity of worldliness, the loveliness of 
 virtue, and the wonders and glories of redemption. He also 
 instructed us how to increase our faith, and how the 
 just are to walk by faith, and animated us by nar- 
 ratin<^ the lives, and citing the examples of those 
 who had exhibited strong confidence, and a most he- 
 roic devotion. 
 
 As the sun was setting, we came to his house, and there 
 were lodged for the night. Within there was no bustle, 
 and* running, and brushing up for company's sake, after the 
 company was come ; for the ladies of the household were 
 Good ijouiisci's always in readiness to welcome the escaped, on 
 house & family, ^j^^jj. JQumey, to their house and cheer. The 
 name of Mr. Good Counsel's wife was Serenity, and her 
 two daughters were called Carefulness and Courtesy ; and it
 
 TIIL: CALIFORNIA I'lLGItl.M. 23 
 
 was no woudev that Mr. Ilighrcsolve and I were quickly in 
 love with all we saw and heard. The sous of Mr. Good 
 Counsel, also, soon won our regards. They were called 
 Dignity and Devotion. They were about our own age, 
 but they v/erc far more learned, wi.><e, and manly ; because 
 they had been so M'cll nurtr.rod, and had been so much 
 more diligent than Ave to gain the lore of heaven and the 
 wisdom of the ages ; nor had they ever breathed the tainted 
 atmosphere of Doorasend, or concerned thems8lTi3s with the 
 pettiness and strifes of covetous and vain-glorious men. 
 They had also been, all their lives, constant attendants at 
 the Church in the neighboring village of Thoroughwork, 
 whose spires were in sight from the chamber windows, tow- 
 ering above the tops of lofty trees. It was there that Mr. 
 Holdfast High dwelt; who, by his noble and blameless life of 
 toil, led the people into the conviction and love of the truths 
 of the pure gospel he preached. 
 The 'travelers The ravs of the Moming eriinted the foliao^ 
 
 leave Mr. Good „,,„,, ° 
 
 Counsel's. of the lofty shade trees as we were setting out 
 
 from the house of 3Ir. Good Counsel. We departed with 
 his blessings on us, and many a sweet word from the lips of 
 the whole family, as they stood grouped among the shrub- 
 bery, waving us adieu. We could not help turning to look 
 back very often while we were able to get a view of them ; 
 for we thought we had never seen faces more beautiful. 
 
 Ere long we began descending from a gentle height, and 
 then the home of Mr. Good Counsel was hidden from us. 
 We journeyed on cheerfully, and at a quick pace, for the 
 song of birds was in the grove, and new glories of field and 
 blossom opened on every side ; and besides, the day's march 
 was to be a long one, and we had need to make all ha.ste to 
 accomplish it ere the night came. We were brisk and joy-
 
 24 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 ful, and we conversed and sang together as we went, and 
 sped on delightfully. 
 
 As it drew towards noon we saw, from the top of a hill 
 we had just gained, a company of men in advance of us, 
 who were , perhaps, travelers like ourselves ; so we strove 
 to overtake them, hoping to learn something from them to 
 Thev find a init- our advantage. Coming nearly to them, we 
 eniig company, perceived that they were very dilatory in 
 their march. Some were moping along, and pining at their 
 troubles and discouragements ; seme were lingering by the 
 road side, picking up pebbles and specimens, and looking 
 for curiosities ; and others were lying stretched out in the 
 shade, waiting for the heat to abate. As we came up with 
 some of them, Mr. Highresolve saluted thorn, saying, 
 " Hail, fellow travelers, how fare ye, and what of your 
 journey."" ''We are weary" said one, "and the heat is 
 intense, and we are refreshing ourselves. Come, recline 
 with us." " No," said we both, " we are in great haste; 
 we must go through to-day ; and if we halt to rest we shall 
 be too late at the city." The curiosity men said there was 
 no need of hurrying ; if there was not time to get through 
 to-day there would be to-morrow, and one day on such a 
 journey was of no conse(j[uence. Some of those who were 
 moping and limping along, said, " Well, have your own 
 way, then, if you don't like such company as ours ; push on, 
 you'll be older, and wiser, and steadier sometime ; you 
 won't always feel so engaged as you do at present ; you arc 
 young in the cause now ; you cannot long retain all this 
 freshness; decline must follow ecstacy." We told them 
 there was the more reason, then, for going on while we felt 
 like it, if their words were true. So we did not stop at 
 all, but kept right on oiu- way.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 25 
 
 Thov meet one ^^^^ ^^^ ^'^^ proceeded VGiy {av before we met 
 Mr. Promptitude- ^ ^^^^.^^^ apparently in haste. He told u.s his 
 
 name was Promptitude ; that he was going back for the 
 
 loiterers who set out when he did, but whose spirits flagged, 
 
 and they got behind ; that he and others had already been 
 
 through to the city ; that he had volunteered to return and 
 
 help forward those who had fallen in the rear : among 
 
 whom, he said, were Deacon Drudge, Esquire Slow, Mr. 
 
 Coldcreeper, Mr. Ardordamp, Mr. Heavyhead, and Mr, 
 
 Muchadofits. 
 
 "But, courage ! my lads," said he, "heart high! this is 
 
 the right road ; don't stop ; the city lies over yonder. I 
 
 will fetch the dilatory ones along ; don't stay for them, 
 
 good-bye ! " So we shook hands and were soon out of each 
 
 other's sight, winding along through a wooded valley. 
 
 They come in I^ ^^^ the grey of the evenmg when we came 
 
 sight of the city. -^ gjgi^t Qf ^^^ ^^f^^ ^Q^^^^g ^^^ gjj.^^^ ^^j_ 
 
 warks of the city of Redemption. Our hearts leaped at the 
 sight ; for it was a beautiful city to look upon, and there 
 was an air of majesty investing it, as it stood built on the 
 solid heights of the promises, the glorious mountains fiUino- 
 up the back ground, with the light still liugering around 
 their tops far up amid the rose, purple, and gold, of the 
 clouds. 
 
 They enter tiie ^^ reached tho gates of the city just in season 
 *^''^' to enter them ere they closed for the night. 
 
 But, in looking back at that moment, we could see nothing 
 of Mr. Promptitude and the company ho was after. "\Vc 
 heard, however, in a few days that they were all brought 
 through in safety, and were cared for as well as they could 
 be, under the hand, and by the exertions of Mr. Prompt- 
 tuda ; without whose perseverance and activity it is quite
 
 26 THE CALIFORNIA J-ILGRIM. 
 
 certain they would have missed the road, at one point, and 
 gone wandering for years ; since it required all his energy, 
 force, and firmness, to prevent them from going off by the 
 side path, Slowandeasy, over to the Paralytic-hills, where 
 many in previous years had got helpless ; and so had been 
 starved, or had been devoured by ravenous beasts. How- 
 beit, we did not see them again ; for the city was larg-e, 
 and they were rarely found in that portion of it where our 
 abode was fixed. 
 
 Pilgrim inquires After our arrival, with all haste I began 
 for his mother, inq^ij-jng about my mother, and how she had 
 fared, and where she had her home. There was not a 
 citizen ignorant of her, her trials, and her faith. But a sigh 
 followed whatever was said of her, and I was quickly made 
 aware that she was no more among the living of earth. She 
 had passed quietly away, as an angel, moving slowly, on 
 pinions soft as light , and the angels had received her to 
 their joyful abodes. 
 
 So I saw her not to give her comfort in view of my 
 changed feelings, new course of life, and my blessed escape 
 from the place of my birth into the city of Redemption. 
 All this grieved me at my heart, for I had longed to look 
 once more on her face, so full of beauty, and so radaint 
 with love, and to behold yet again the kindling joy of her 
 dark eye, as I had^often seen it in the days of my childhood ; 
 those days when she was wont to tell me of the shining 
 ones on high, and how they visited our gi-een earth betimes, 
 and bore the weary spirits of the loved and good away to 
 their rest above, by the banks of the river of life, in the 
 Paradise of God. 
 
 I felt assured, however, that it was well with [her who 
 bad gone before me to the land of the blest, and the as-
 
 THE CALltORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 surauce softened my grief; ami I the more diligently sought 
 to be like her in heart and life, that I might meet her on 
 the blissful shore of the Glad-laud. 
 Some friends I had uot been in Redemption many months, 
 
 make good their i. j i 
 
 escape also. wheu, ouc day, I was overj oyed with tidings 
 of the coming of my two brothers, several kinsmen besides, 
 and a band of my associates in Doomsend ; among whom 
 were Mr. Welltaught, Mr. Quiteconvicted, and Mr. Most- 
 persuaded. We welcomed them all most heartily ; for they 
 came as if from the dead. And, indeed, they barely 
 escaped the most imminent danger in the sudden over- 
 throw of Doomsend. They had been but a few minutes 
 gone, when a fiery deluge swept over it, the earth heaved 
 and turned the river of Mortality out of its channel, part 
 of the city sank in a chasm that opened beneath, and the 
 rest became nouglit but a mass of smouldering ruins. 
 
 At length, having seen all my friends settled, and well- 
 to-do in Redemption, and having no more to undertake 
 that was equal to my wishes, I resolved to start on a new 
 pilgrimage, and by an unexplored route, for the blest city 
 of golden streets in the Glad-land. And so it was that I 
 took this road for the sake of examining and reporting upon 
 what I might see and hear in this part of our King's wide 
 dominions. 
 
 MORAL. 
 
 Conduct is reproductive. Action begets its like. What 
 has occurred tends to recur. Example enforces imitation. 
 Parents reappear in their children. Our educators induce 
 themselves upon us. We do what others have done ; and 
 then begin to do over what ourselves have done. Our yes- 
 terday's make our to-morrows. We go on to be what we have 
 been till new forces strike us from without. These new
 
 2S THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 forces, if powerful, may remodel our conduct. These new 
 forces may be either divine or human. If human, they are 
 most effective when visible. Hence the power of example. 
 We mold human character more by our conduct than by 
 our arguments. We cause others to he what we ore, rather 
 than what we tell them they might to be. We influence 
 them to the doing of what xve perform, rather than to any 
 thiner we otherwise instruct them to do. 
 
 In the sphere of morals, say not, " go ! " but, " come ! " 
 If you would have improvement, lead it on. If you would 
 get men out of difiiculties, keep out. If you would strength- 
 en the right, act righteously. If you would multiply good- 
 ness, be good. If you know the path of rectitude, pursue 
 it, and followers shall not be wanting.
 
 LECTURE II. 
 
 Now, I saw in" my tlrcam, when Pilgriim* liad finished 
 the story of his past life, with its many trials ; and how he 
 came to leave the city of Doomsend, in the province cf 
 Sin and Misery, and find refuge in the city of Eedemptiou 
 in thq province of Faith ; and how he thence set out on a 
 pilgriuiage to the west ; not being content to remain where 
 there were so many good people, and all v/as so nice, so 
 easy, and so comfortable for him, and the happy multitudes 
 had little else to do than to take care of themselves, and 
 rejoice in the goodly prospects of their citizens, both for 
 the present and the future — while sighing, now and then, 
 Divers opinions ^^^^' *^^^ darhucss of the far-off lands — that 
 the pi'i"dmTii'i's thcrc wcrc diverse opinions among his fellow- 
 cntcrpnse, travelers about the fitness of the undertaking, 
 
 as well as about the ability of Pilgrim to get through his 
 enterprise creditably'; and the most thought it would break 
 down. 
 
 However, there were among the crowd some who were 
 glad to find him out, and to give him their countenance and 
 cheer. Among these weie Mr. Goodman True, Mr. Earnest, 
 and Mr. Just ; and it gave Pilgrim no small pleasure to look 
 on their faces, and to reckon them among his fellow travelers 
 to a better land, beyond the golden, even the Gkd Land.
 
 30 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 I saw, after the assembly had broken np that hstened to 
 Agroupofyoung Pilgrhn's narrative, a knot of youth, linger- 
 
 men seen — some . iii i , i-iii* 
 
 mentionea. ing on the larboard quarter, who indulged m 
 many sage remarks, and uttered old saws and truisms, as 
 if they had been the fresh inventions of the hour. Among 
 these were Mr. Forward Smart, with a dress snake colored 
 from tho waist down to the feet ; without a waistcoat ; and 
 with a sea green coat on whereof the skirts had pretty much 
 forgotten to grow. He wore, also, a brown glazed cap 
 jauntily, and his chin was covered with down, long eslfempt 
 from the operation of scissors, and of a whitish yellow, as 
 if cultivated with train oil, for want of better. Mr. High 
 Breeding also was there, treading in patent leather boots ; 
 his hat tied on with ribbon strings ; his vest, called white 
 out of respect to the memory of the past, making a half 
 circle around a paste-diamond pin, that hung by the edge 
 of a lace-work garment ; and his lather soiled kids holding 
 a sporting cane to his mouth. 
 
 Mr. Vast Cunning, too, had his place, with his hands 
 thrust down into his pockets, his shoulders shrugged, his 
 hatchet face standing far out on the end of a neck which 
 projected at an angle of forty-five degrees, his hat resting 
 on his ears, his jaws always chewing something, while bis 
 whisper in one's ear with his lips close to it, was loud 
 enough to disturb the fore castle watch. 
 
 Mr, Cool Philosopher was likewise of the company ; a 
 person with his hair behind his ears, a broad-brimmed hat 
 on, gold bowed spectacles, an egg shaped snuff-box, a broad 
 flat key dangling from his fob, and a face that neither 
 smiled nor scowled, even when a lurch of the ship sent 
 him backward plump against the railing.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGMIM. 3l 
 
 Another char- I saw in my dream, not many days after, that 
 
 acter fallen in . i i ^ • • 
 
 with. JPilgrnu encountered a lofty, opmionatcd, su- 
 
 percilious kind of a man ; tall, raw-boned, and crooked ; and 
 walking as if all his loose jointed limbs would -come down 
 into a heap at every step. His hair was dark, his eyes 
 light, round, and big. He had a voice like a sten!or, and 
 his manners were gruff enough to supersede comparison. 
 
 This man's name was Doughty Doubter; and he was 
 He is bold upon ^^ sclf-confident and bold as to assault Pilgrim 
 Pilgrim. jjj |.jjg midst of the whole company. At first 
 
 Pilgrim had like to have been unsettled and thrown from 
 his strong foundation ; but he remembered about the double- 
 minded man, and also the exhortation " Be ye steadfast, 
 unmovable, always abounding iu the work of the Lord;" 
 so he was strengthened, and enabled to withstand the words 
 of the great champion of nothing, and what not. 
 
 Said Mr. Doubter ; " Well, I dont think much of pil- 
 How Mr. Doubt- grimages, nor see the use of churches 
 
 er began his a*- , , , . i- i i-rr 
 
 sauit. and all that. There is very little difference 
 
 among people ; they're all alike. I doubt if any of 'em 
 get to the good place they talk about, though I don't know 
 as there is any bad one ; leastwise worse than this we're in." 
 
 PiL. So, then, you don't think yourself at all better 
 than the felons in the State prison — since folks are all alike — 
 and you don't believe the Bible which divides the righteous 
 and the wicked into distinct classes ! 
 
 Dou. Why, I consider myself about as good as any 
 body ; and I hav'nt much opinion of those who set them- 
 selves up to be so remarkably good, and call themselves 
 professors, and saints, etc. I've been Law and Police Ee- 
 
 porter to the newspaper, in the City of Notions, 
 
 and I've seen human nature, taken by and large, hav'nt I ?
 
 32 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 PiL. But, sir, you do not yet say whether you thiuk 
 yourself better than the felons in prison; and if you have 
 been Police Eeporter, as you say, you must have some cor- 
 rect notion of that phase of life witnessed among courts 
 and prisons, and you cannot be in doubt as to your being, 
 or not being on a level with those you have seen in the 
 criminal's dock. Pray, sir, inform us, if you hesitate to 
 think you do not deserve to go to prison, 
 
 Dou. Suppose I do, what then ? 
 
 PiL. Why, you stop doubting for once, and virtually 
 admit that some men ai'e positively worse than you are ! 
 You assert a difference between them and yourself. Since 
 vr Doubter gets jou do SO, you upset your declaration that all 
 into a corner. ^^^^^ ^^.^ alike, and you arrogate to yourself a 
 character which others have not. Now if you may do this; 
 why may not others profess to be somewhat more than you, 
 aud claim a character you have not, and call themselves 
 christians or believers, and such as you unbelievers ? Sir, 
 you are beside yourself in the too frequent abuse of those 
 who only employ Bible terms and make Bible distinctions. 
 
 I)ou. As for that, the Bible may be a very good book, 
 Hegoesonanexv ^^"^ Contain many, very many good things, 
 tack, and doubts j^^^^_ j \-^^yQ jj^y cloubts about some parts of it. 
 
 It is not the kind of reading I fancy. 
 
 Pit,. But your fancy may be diseased ; aud, surely, 
 you will not make your fancy the criterion of all truth. 
 To what do you object, and what are you in doubt about .- 
 
 Dou. Why, to begin, I don't see the good of praying, 
 He goea into ^'^^^ ^ \xavc my doubts about so many meet- 
 .some particulars [^^g^^ ^qJ gy much worshiping, and so on. 
 
 PiL. But, then sir, there are those who have no doubts, 
 who, from their own knowledge and positive experience,
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 33 
 
 have asserted the power, excellence, and usefulness of 
 worship and prayer. What can your doubts weigh against 
 the testimony of hundreds in the case ? If you, Mr. 
 Doubter, make oath that you saw Mr. E. kill Mr^ F. ought 
 it to weigh anything in the case that Mr. (1. has doubts 
 He is answered ^bout the fact } Is that the way to set aside 
 by asupposition. ^^^^, tosthuony .? Of coursc not. Nor can 
 your doubts on worship and prayer weigh anything. 
 
 Dou. Have it as you will-j-my doubts are for myself. 
 Let others do as they like. 
 
 PiL. But, have you no sense of duty .? Do you feel 
 under no obligation yourself to worship and pray .'' Are 
 you excused ? 
 
 Dou. No. I dout know as I feel any such thing. "Why 
 should I ? 
 
 He is taught iiis ^^^- Decause the claim of God is just and 
 responsibilities. ^^^ ^^^^it to acknowledge it, and fulfil its de- 
 mands. Grod's being, character, and position are such as 
 lay you under heavy responsibilities. You believe, of 
 course, in the holiness, excellence, and benevolence of God. 
 
 Dou. Well, I don't know that I do. I think there may 
 be some doubt of that. There are many things difficult to 
 account for. 
 
 PiL. Do you believe there is any God } 
 
 Dou. Well, yes ; I rather think there is. I have no 
 reason for any doubts on that, particularly. 
 
 PiL. What kind of a God then is he ? Are you not in 
 He is fioseiy coustaut terror — are you not amazed — do you 
 questioned. ^^^ tremble — do not shuddering and anguish 
 fiiU your heart, in the thought that the Omnipotent may be 
 hateful, malignant, and loving evil ; since you have doubts, 
 as you say, about his truth, rectitude, and goodness?
 
 •34 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Why, sir, what can you mean ? Fearfulness, darkness, 
 and terrors must gird you round ! Wliat abomination 
 may not an evil Deity commit ; what wrong may he not in- 
 flict even on you ; and where is your redress ? 
 
 Dou. You carry the thing too far. I don't mean to 
 He declines ta- Say that he is not good and just ; I only doubt 
 
 king the cons-e. , 
 quences of his abOut it. 
 
 doctrines PiL. I kuow what you Said. But in such 
 
 a case, to doubt, even, is dreadful. It leaves you in a cruel 
 suspense. > It must be tormenting to think there is such an 
 Infinite Glod, and yet that that God may be the enemy of 
 all truth, virtue, holiness, and love ; and may punish you 
 even for doing fliat which is right and good. 
 
 Dou. Well, if you please, I am willing to allow that ho 
 He admits a few must bc a pure and eood Beino; ; otherwise, 
 
 things when he . . ? . 
 
 can't help it. we could not think of him as invested with 
 any attractions. 
 
 PiL You admit, then, that God is all-great and all- 
 good, and most lovely in character ! And yet, you feel no 
 obhgation to love him, and you deny the reasonableness of 
 worshiping him, and praying to him. 
 
 Dou. Yes, I have my doubts in the matter. 
 
 PiL. Let us test this feeling of yours. You know 
 His feelings are Daniel Webster. I have overheard you say- 
 tested again. j^^ y^^ ^^^ ^^^ greatest man of the day ; that 
 
 he ought to be respected, admired, and honored by all his 
 countrymen. You were formerly, as I have beard you say, 
 a friend, a partizan, an admirer of General Jackson. You 
 yielded him deference, respect and love. Moreover, when 
 you were well aware that General Jackson knew that a 
 friend of yours wanted a certain office, still, you signed a 
 petition praying General Jackson that the office might be
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 35 
 
 given him. Thus you esteemed it your privilege and duty 
 He is plied with ^0 <^'^ homage to the greatness of Mr. Web- 
 more questions, g^^^.^ ^^^ ^^ magnify and pray to Gen. Jack- 
 son. Now, why was all this .'' How could you do so ^ 
 
 Dou. Easily enough. It is ours to be just to our fel- 
 low men, to exalt and honor greatness, and to pay respect 
 to men in power, and to revere the good. 
 
 PiL. Ah, say you so ? I agree with you. Now, on the 
 the same principle that you do homage to human greatness, 
 you are bound to worship that which is Divine. And, if it 
 be proper to petition a human ruler for a favor, why not a 
 Divine } If you see no impropriety, and feel no hesitation, 
 in rendering respect, deference, andhonoMo finite greatness 
 and mortal power ; how can you doubt the propriety, or the 
 usefulness of rendering the same in the very highest forms 
 to Infinite Greatness and Immortal Power .' Especially, 
 when, as you allow, the Infinite and Immortal One is All- 
 perfect, Supremely Excellent, Lovely and Good .'' 
 
 Dou. Ah ! there now, you've got to preaching. I 
 He is hard pres- did'ut kuow you was a preacher. I never 
 
 sed and gets off i i i n i • i tit 
 
 as best he can. let anybody lecture me. Good night, Mr. 
 Pilgrim ! 
 
 So I saw in my dream, that Mr. Doughty Doubter went 
 away from Pilgrim, and never troubled him thereafter ; — 
 although the Pilgrim much desired an opportunity to correct 
 Mr. Doubter's notions about pilgrimages, and other things, 
 he was continually doubting the utility of, and finding fault 
 with. But Pilgrim was not through encountering men of 
 strange notions, when this man left him, on his way to 
 California to be a judge, or aught else his assurance might 
 prompt him to seek to become. 
 
 I saw in my dream, when the good ship that bore the
 
 36 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Pilgrim to the shore of this far-off clime, was above the 
 thirtj-third parallel of north latitude, and so abreast the land 
 How the conver- of i'old, that all the couversatiou was turned 
 
 sation was turn- 
 
 e<i. on the new state ; its wonders, resources, ro- 
 
 mances and peculiarities of divers sorts. Pilgrim was much 
 instructed and admonished by what he heard and saw ; for 
 all the stories of witchery, legerdemain, transmigration, and 
 transmutation, that were ever told in Doomsend, by the sons 
 of Belial and others, seemed to him to have almost come to 
 pass in the new region. 
 
 He saw those once known as very refined and polished 
 What chancres in gentlemen, in so short a time as he had known 
 
 men the Pilfrriiii • . 
 
 saw. them, turn to blacklegs and pimps, lie saw 
 
 quiet, sober men become brawlers and drinkers. He saw 
 the well educated youth, the loved and doated on, the hope 
 and pride of a lone and weeping mother, fall a victim to his 
 pa ssions. lie saw the middle-aged man, his family left 
 behind, become a wine-bibber, and swearer, and a gallanter 
 of courtesans. He saw eyes reddening with blood that 
 once sbone with a clear and steady light. He heard oaths 
 from lips that once, in other days, had promised to keep 
 holy covenants ; and he witnessed the blighting of many an 
 early hope and good resolution. He was puzzled and could 
 What he saw ^^^ understand how ^ this and that form of 
 perplexed him. ^ic^edness and indulgence should come of 
 such a voyage ; until he considered the effect of all changes 
 upon the character ; and thought more of the passage : — 
 "The love of money is the root of all evil ; which, while 
 some coveted after, they have erred from the truth, and 
 thrust themselves through with many sorrows." He per- 
 ceived that the love of money, inordinately indulged, — and
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIJI. 37 
 
 Howiovoofmn- ^hc anticipation of money, in like manner — 
 and au "sorts'lff unscttles, unliinges, and upsets men, witiiering 
 wickedness. ^^^ ^j^^ freshness and bloom of their hearts ; 
 and that thus they are left, not to any one class of sins, but to 
 ready compliance with whatever passion, at the time, most 
 strongly solicits them ; and 8o their falls arc as various as 
 their inclinations are diverso. 
 
 Indeed, so many were the falls lie witnessed, that he was 
 alarmed for those whose society he had been enjoying, lost 
 thoy also should fall ; until he overheard the names of some 
 of them whose derelictions were manifest ; and found they 
 were mostly of the very sort from whom not much else could 
 have been expected. They were Mr. Formalist, Vainshow, 
 What persons Yielding, Mcmory-bricf, Sham-doer, Shrewd- 
 
 Uipsed into trans 
 
 gressions. manager, Halfway work, Jitasy-soul, JNoconcern, 
 
 Meeklymust, Makeshift, Unscrupulous, and many others, 
 whom no one ever had much hope of, except when bet- 
 ter men took care of them. 
 
 I saw in my dream, one day, that a peculiar group was 
 gathered a little way from where Pilgrim sat meditating. 
 There were in it, Mr. Vanity Fripp, who wore a sorrel hat, and 
 five rings on each hand. His eyes and nose were seen just 
 Mr Vanity Fripp pGoring out of the hairy wilderness of his face ; 
 andseveraiinore ^^^^ ^^ ^lad doubloon buttons on a claret coat. 
 Beside him was Mr. Eombastes Ghee, a portly man, in full 
 dress, with a double eagle specimen for a breastpin, with 
 chains of unknown weight, by the yard, running around his 
 neck and across the huge proportions of his bust ; and with 
 a crooked cane, made but a little too small for Goliath. 
 Tiie man mag- -^^*i ^^ carried an air of loftiness and abandon 
 nificcnt. about hiiu that made him, as he thought, 
 
 perfectly magnificent in all circles, and especially killing 
 
 25iKi,'iy
 
 38 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 among the ladies. Next was Mr. Voluble Science, a small 
 man with a jammed hat, green spectacles, seedy sack coat, 
 no shoe strings, a face v»hicli was dried like the thick 
 of sole leather, and all his pockets thrust full of instru- 
 ments and papers. He had published no less than three 
 The man scien- difi'erent theories of California Geology ; dis- 
 *'**^' covered innumerable minerals and mines ; 
 
 invented smelters, gold extractors, and quartz machines 
 numerous ; and now was on his way to change the whole 
 business of the country with his "Patent Obstacle-raoUifier 
 and General Attractor of Valuables." Near him was Mr. 
 Table Grumbler, whose lower jaw was prominent, whose 
 The man carniv- mouth Opened like an abyss, whose teeth 
 
 eroiis and growl . 
 
 ing at his meat, needed no dentist Dut a blacksmith's appren- 
 tice with a rasp, whose nose concentered at its roots, several 
 scowls that came down, like ravines from the mountains, 
 through the lateral seams of his insignificant forehead. He 
 had gone grumbling over California, and left it once, cursing 
 it, and giving it over to barrenness and starvation. But, 
 after having been turned out of every respectable hotel in 
 the east, for grumbling about his food and making every 
 body uncomfortable; he was now seeking his liberty again 
 in the land where the only notice taken of his grumbling 
 would be by the speedy removal of everything from the 
 table, without a word ; the only movement an inveterate 
 grumbler can appreciate. There was also a small caliber 
 The man of le- hT-w^yei", with a bowie-knife, sword cane, and 
 gal attainments. j-cTolver ; having a leer about the eyes, lantern 
 jaws, foxy whiskers, a long, sharp, hooked nose, and, in 
 general, a lean and hungry look ; who had been home 
 shaving notes, dabbling in stocks, and buying up, at a song, 
 old claims against men whom he thought might have money
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 39 
 
 in California ; and now lie was on his way back to scent out 
 his victims, and line his pockets with cheap plunder. All 
 these were returning Californians ; and there were still 
 others in the group, and all of them were much of the time 
 engaged in astonishing Mr. Mordant Greene, Mr. Novice 
 Smith, and Mr. Credible Ayer, with accounts of what they 
 Astonished men ^^'^ ^^^^ ^^^ heard in famous parts of the 
 were 'astonished Pacific region ; particularly, with the narration, 
 ^' in half whispers, of robberies, murders, ghosts 
 
 Indians, greasers, grizzlies, gamblers, and what not ; in 
 connection with all of which their own adventures would 
 seem to have been most marvellous, and their skill and 
 prowess quite superhuman. 
 
 I saw, when the loud talkers and the low whisperers had 
 Mr. Thougiitfui pretty much exhausted themselves, and the 
 
 ventures a ques- 
 tion, conversation seemed to flag, that one Mr. 
 
 Thoughtful ventured to inquire if there were not some quiet 
 
 industrious citizens, and civilized communities, where there 
 
 existed schools, and churches, and ministers, and other 
 
 indications of humanity, refinement, and right living, to be 
 
 found. On hearing this matter broached, Pilgrim rose and 
 
 Pilgrim gets drcw near to the group : for he folt no little 
 
 where lie can 
 
 hear the talk. desirc to hear what could be said oneucn a 
 subject. Jlr. Table Grumbler said he had seen some school 
 advertisements in the newspapers, but he guessed the mas- 
 ters pretty soon got all starved out. He, for his part, 
 would'nt teach school, and then have to take up with such 
 Table Crumbier living as they had: — sour bread, salt meat, 
 
 un schools and "' . 
 
 churches. potatoes, and awful pies, of stewed dried 
 
 apple, with cores in. As to churches, he never could tell 
 one from a smith's shop ; and when he did, he only looked 
 in at the window, and never would throw away his cigar for
 
 40 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 tlie sake of going insida. Mr. Quibble Sharp, the lawyer 
 Quibble Sharp with, old claims, Said he thought there were 
 
 comments on the i • n 
 
 same. chuvchcs enough, in all conscience, such as 
 
 they were. lie had been to sev'eral to hunt clients, and 
 look out for his men ; but the minister always seemed to be 
 down on him, and he liad often left before the sermon was 
 through. ]Mr. Parsnip Snicks observed that he went the 
 rounds, and always left just as soon as the sermon was 
 done ; the last singing, 'etc., were apt to be tedious. 
 
 Mr. Bombastes Ghee said, for his part, he never went to 
 j\ir. Ghee has such assemblies. He patronized the theater, 
 
 his say on the i xi i / l 
 
 subject. and opera, and other places, (saloons per- 
 
 haps) where they had good music. He admired beauty and 
 the arts. And besides, he had heard it said that they sold 
 tickets at the churches, just as the theaters did ; and ! that 
 one eould'nt have a good seat without a box price. He 
 could'nt see what churches wanted money for ; nor much 
 use in having them any how. He was a man of the world, 
 and wanted to enjoy himself. As long as churches run 
 opposition to theaters, he should take care not to counte- 
 nance them with his preference. He should take pains to 
 keep them down — he should. 
 
 Mr. V»nity Fripp said he rather liked to go to church, 
 Mr Fripp de- particularly of a fine day, when there were a 
 
 fines his position g^^j ^^^^, q^^|._ ^ f^^^^^ ^f J^jg j-gpj. ^ ^^^^ . 
 
 and, for his part, it was rather pleasant than otherwise to 
 give his dollar now and then (the minister looked so thin, 
 pale, and the house so shabby) although he did sometimes 
 get a pretty severe lecture. He had seen a good deal of 
 the theater, and he did not entertain a very high opinion of 
 its civilizing power ; and he should not be sorry if there 
 were a good many more churches in California where the
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM."; 41 
 
 ministers hit some of his neighbors hard. He thouglit they 
 endured hard hits quite too well, as yet, and more of tlie 
 same sort would bo an advantage to them. 
 
 At this stage of the conversation Mr. Fair Mind, who 
 Mr. Fairmind had kept silence heretofore, and stood in 
 
 delivers liimgeir 
 
 of a speecii. the background, came forward, and said that 
 he had been in California from the very first, and had wit- 
 nessed all the changes. He had heard men of every class 
 make their observations, lie believed the worst men had 
 invariably the worst opinions of the country. Among pro- 
 prietors and keepers of saloons, groggeries and brothels, 
 Who thought it and their frequenters, it was a common sav- 
 
 " a hard old . -^ , ' -^ 
 
 country." iuo- that ■ California was a hard old country." 
 
 People of every sort, he said, were apt to judge of the 
 whole very much by their own circumstances of prosperity 
 or adversity ,by the society they were in, and the people 
 they Avcre familiar with. And, consequently, you could 
 Si.x men's pin- always get from six different men so many dif- 
 
 ions and i ono ... 
 
 alike. ferent opinions about the country, its condi- 
 
 tion, and prospects. He said he was not, technically, a pro- 
 fessor of religion ; but he was a friend of religion, and he 
 was never so glad as when churches sprang up in Califor- 
 nia ; and he never helped them on so cheerfully in any other 
 state, because he had never seen their value so thoroughly 
 demonstrated before in his life. lie doubted if there was 
 a man of any candor, having correct information, who did 
 not ascribe a vast influence for good to such churches as 
 they had, and acknowledge the benefit of them. It might 
 be necessary to except such persons as found the churches 
 in the way of the particular sorts of business they were fol- 
 lowing. As to the financial part, he said, it was sur- 
 prising to see how cheaply chiu-ches and ministers were sus-
 
 42 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 tained in all the larger towns — as well as in the cities — in 
 comparison with any other puhlic institutions ; the compar- 
 ison showing that it was in the ratio of less than one half. 
 The met od of receiving a contribution, according to his 
 liberality, from each worsliiptfi-, of a Sunday, was one 
 dictated by the necessities of the case, -in order to prevent 
 the whole burden from falling on the few who would be 
 willing to subscribe by the (j^uarter, or year. And there 
 were few true hearted men in California who were either 
 unable or unwilling to pay a reasonable sum for the instruc- 
 tion of a sermon, or for a sacred hour of worship. lie lived 
 State of things ^^ ^^*^ cotuitry, wherc there were no churches; 
 mrnd' ih'c(f *in ^^* when in the city on bu.-;iuess, he was al- 
 the country. -yvays at church and he could and would pay his 
 part towards its support. He always felt better for it every- 
 way ; and it was the misery of hundreds he knew, that they 
 not only lost the benefit of the sermon, and the luxury of 
 doing some good by a contribution, but that they made 
 themselves wretched by spending, in dissipation, money 
 that ought to go, and might go, to the support of religion, 
 the maintenance of virtue, and the spread of good morals. 
 A home tiirust" As to tlio portly gentleman, and his sneer 
 
 at Mr Bombastes , i , n- • i , ^ ^i 
 
 Ghee about the churches selling tickets, any ot the 
 
 creditors of that gentleman, himself being unfortunately 
 one, would be glad to furnish hiin a free ticket to any, or 
 all of the churches ; and they would be particularly pleased 
 if he, Mr. Bombastes Ghee, would appear less frequently 
 at faro and inonte, and even at the theater. 
 
 Now I saw in my dream, that as the good ship dashed 
 onward, parting the crested waves, and tossing the foam 
 from her prow, and the head lauds of the Golden Gate 
 were heaving in sight, J>lr. Dismal, Mr. Sup2)lc Mind, 3Ir.
 
 THE CAMFOUNIA PILGRIM. 43 
 
 jsomo interest- Doublc Dctil, Mr. Frcc and Easy, and others 
 remon^tmc"'"*"* ^'^'"^ rcnionstrating with Pilgrim on the sub- 
 w.th Piigri.n- jg^.^ gf jjj^ enterprise, and cuumciating the 
 
 difficulties he must certainly encounter ; predicting the fail- 
 ure of his courage, and the final abandonment of the beau- 
 tiful plan of his pilgrimage. They told him that some of 
 themselves had been once of his mind ; that they went on 
 shore vfith rules of good living, and even Pres. Edwards' 
 resolutions ia their pockets, and carrying packages of Bibles 
 and Testaments. But they never, in truth, found any 
 time or place in which it was convenient to make use of 
 They have been them. In fiict, they thought it was no coun- 
 
 somewhat l?aky . 
 
 vc:isi-i.s. " try for such things. People were in the 
 
 cou ntry to make money — how they could ; and if they 
 kept to their Biijles and holy resolutions, they would be 
 forced to let alono the most profitable pursuits. Whatever 
 others might pretend, people in California were all alike, 
 going in for that which paid the best. Rumor said Ihat 
 some of tho parsons were getting rich, but they could not tell 
 whom ; nor see exactly how. At all events, they hoped 
 Pilgrim would not waste his time on impracticable schemes. 
 They would much like to have liim go in with them into a 
 Business propo- fine couimorcial speculation. His good char- 
 
 sal.-! are made to i i • . 
 
 Pilgrim. actcr and past history would give the concern 
 
 weight, and be of immense benefit to it ; and, in a few 
 
 months, they could each come out with handsome fortunes. 
 
 I saw that when Pilgrim shook his head, they began to 
 
 Tie is pressed urge him, on the score of duty to himself and 
 
 with arguments p . i 
 
 but declines. his many friends ; and they told him how 
 
 much wealth would enhance his influence, and how it would 
 
 increase his facilities for doing good ; and how many 
 
 churches he could build; and that no one in California
 
 44 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 would tliink it out of cliaracter for even a pilgrim to make 
 use of any such means of getting wealth and acquiring 
 power. It was a great and fast country, and such men as 
 he ought not to lose its splendid advantages! 
 
 Just then the boom of the cannon was heard, the steamer 
 rounded to, the anchor dropped, and all was confusion, still 
 more joyful than that which had prevailed the last hour. 
 
 MORAL. 
 Away from his permanent abode, and in mixed society, 
 a christian is peculiaily exposed. New enticements present 
 themselves, and old cues redouble their force. Even a lit- 
 tle travel and a summer excursion prove too much for some, 
 and their piety declines, though they do not fall into open 
 sins. In other days the trip to the West Indies has upset 
 many a man's equanimity ; if it has not brought him down 
 from his rectitude. It should not, therefore, be deemed 
 strange, if the habits and conduct of many undergo rapid 
 transformations on the voyage to Aspinwall, and during ihe 
 transit of the Isthmus. They are lured to indulgencies and 
 excesses. The selfish instinct becomes more than ever 
 dominant. Old tics are sundered. They feel neither 
 checks nor restraints from without. A sense of lawlessness 
 pervades them. They care not what it is they do, provided 
 it excites and gratifies them. They lose the perception of 
 others' rights — they cease to regard others' feelings. They 
 are greedy and monopolizing. For self indidgence some 
 prey upon their victims ; for killing time many engage in 
 nothing but killing themselves. On the voyage up the Pa- 
 cific coast, men's habits and intimacies place their lives — 
 to say nothing of their morals — in far greater peril than do 
 the storms that visit them.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 45 
 
 Ami'l the transitions of tl\e journey the real character 
 will often com? out distinctly, ami present a striking con- 
 trast to the seeming one of former days. The no-princi- 
 pled and the rotten-hearted quickly show what they arc. 
 Those who have little experience of men are duped and led 
 astray. And all who lack matured opinions, fixed religious 
 principles, and well settled aims and purposes, suffer dete- 
 rioration. A man is rubbed and squeezed. The attrition 
 and the pressure are severe. If he be true metal he comes 
 out unharmed. He may show better. The man, then, 
 who is truly a christian will land in California as he left 
 New York. He will bo tempted, persuaded, tried, and be- 
 sot. But he will nevertheless pursue a straight, manly 
 cour.se, and continue pure in feeling and humane in conduct. 
 If he endures the voyage well, we can scarcely have any 
 further apprehensions concerning his moral integrity.
 
 LECTURE III, 
 
 Now I saw in my dream tliat wlien the ponderous anclior 
 dropped, and the huge leviathan of the sea swung around 
 with the iurushing tide, that Pilgrim, having no special 
 friends to look for, and none of the baggage of this world to 
 Piisrim gets out gi^'G him trouble, retired to the ship's upper 
 cnnvdTnakoks works," to Calm his feelings and quiet his mind 
 on the scene. ^^^^^-^-^ ^|j ^^iq coufusion, and to get a glimpse 
 of the strange land to which he was come. But although 
 he was no longer trodden on, nor jostled b}' the crowd, he 
 was not very ■^ar removed from it, nor beyond its influence. 
 He thought he had never looked on such a medley, nor 
 vntnessed so lively a scene, nor heard such a din before in 
 his life. The bay was covered with luggage and jiassenger 
 boats ; and the men in them were all looking one way, 
 rowing another, and hallooing a third. Every oaisman took 
 special pains to spatter and besprinkle the passengers in the 
 next craft, who had their new garments on for going ashore. 
 The boatmen and some of the passengers cursed and swore 
 so loudly, that the volume of sound rose above the roar of 
 the escaping steam ; and he looked to see if none of them 
 wore the badge of the billingsgate men in the city of 
 Doomsend.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PU-GRIM. 47 
 
 As tlic day wore on, I saw that the small craft, and the 
 crowd diminished ; and then l'ilu;riiu could hear from the 
 saloons below shouts of mirth and revelry. For old cronies, 
 whose business was pretty much confined to the night, were 
 What wpiit on ^^^ again, and they were drinking bumpers 
 awiiiie below. ^^^ -toasting onc another, the officers, and 
 such as they could get to join them. The sounds and 
 words tliat filled the air could not but remind him of the 
 scends he once witnessed in a place called the "High Old 
 Hole " in the corporation of Swindleboro, in his native 
 province. He had well nigli ceased to think of these things, 
 so much was he occupieil in admiring tlie heights, forests of 
 shipping, and the long crowded wharves, when suddenly 
 clouds of dust were borne far out on the waters ; the waves 
 began to roll, the mists and chains to rub and creak, and 
 new commotion to begin. I'he mists came chilling and 
 Tho fog comes tlrcuchiug ; the spars all turned into north 
 on, ue retreats poj^,.. . every object was soou out of view, and 
 he was obliged to retreat from his post of observation ; 
 though in doing so, he had like to have lost his venerable 
 pilgrim's hat. 
 
 Scarcely had he wrapped himself in his cloak ere he 
 heard a voice, clear and ringing, shout, '•' ship ahoy ! Jack 
 Jack Steady and Stoady\s boat oucu morc ! Auy body for tho 
 Ins boat. shore, come on ! " Pilgrim went down to 
 
 him with liis satchel and his guide book in his hand, and 
 asked him if there was no danger on account of the fog. 
 Jack Steady said he knew the way by the feel of his oars ; 
 and there was no fog in those waters so dangerous as that 
 which took to the brain 5 and as he was not troubled that 
 way, he could take him safely to land. 
 
 So Pilgrim seated himself in Jack Steady's boat, face to
 
 48 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Pilgrim starts for ^^^^ ^^^'^ ^^^^ stout rower, who Carried indeed 
 ^'""'®' a most honest countenance, with no trace in 
 
 it of deep potations. The two were mutually pleased with 
 one another's looks and words ; and by the time they 
 reached the shore were fast friends. Moreover, when Jack 
 Steady learned who Pilgrim was, and what he wished to do, 
 he promised to introduce him at once to some persons who 
 would give him a joyful welcome. He was as good as his 
 word. For, so soon as they were come to the landing, they 
 found there in the crowd Mr. Keep Faith, Mr. True Heart, 
 The men whom Rcv. Mr. Search, a short nian in sijectacles, 
 
 he met on the -n i tt- 
 
 whurf. and Rev. Father Hightonc, the sailor's man ; 
 
 all of whom had been a long time in the city, and were 
 familiar with the whole history of so renowned a place as 
 San FastopoHs. 
 
 Jack Steady introduced Pilgrim to them in a cordial though 
 More aboutJack li^^ii'^'iecl manner ; and while they were exchang- 
 '^''""^•^'' ing greetings. Jack slipped quietly away, so 
 
 as not to give the pilgrim a chance to offer him any money j 
 for he felt that he was well enough to do in the world, and 
 it grieved him to have poor people offer him money. At 
 first Pilgrim had a mind to be troubled about the matter ; 
 but when True Heart told him that Jack got a good share 
 of passengers who did pay, and always returned to fetch 
 away any poor or sick ones that might be lingering on board, 
 with none to care for them, and did all witnout charge, he 
 became reconciled; and his heart, too, was very glad; 
 and the tears glistened in his eyes. For, from what had 
 been told him about the land of gold — its selfishness, mean- 
 ness, and cruelty — he did not look for such a man as Jack 
 Steady to meet him at the very first ; though he well knew
 
 THE CALrrORNIA PILC.RtM. 40 
 
 liow often Nature's nolilemea went in sailor's garb, the 
 world over. 
 
 The foo: now came down tliickcr and colder; and Pilgrim 
 PiK'rim is tiikon was given in charge to Father Hightone, for 
 
 in ilKiiire by \ . i ■ i /> t ^ i i 
 
 iiistiKine. the time ; since his place ot abode was liard 
 
 by the place where they were standing. So he bade tha 
 
 rest good-day, having received from them a promise that on 
 
 the morrow they would show him what was famous and 
 
 peculiar in the great city, and assist liini in his observations. 
 
 During the evening Pilg iin was highly entertained by 
 How tiio pvon- Father Ilightonc's account of his manner of 
 till ''Vii"rim"'"i'i ^'''^•5 ^^^'-^ course of actiou, in the days wlien San 
 entertained. Fastopolis w:vs much youugcr, and vice was 
 more opon, and churches were fewer, and the whole popu- 
 atiun was male, and was herded together, Ijy day and by 
 night, in huge rooms, eating at racks, and lying on floors 
 and in dirt, almost as comfortably as eastern cattle ; but in 
 general not quite as soberly nor as ([uietly. lie was told of 
 those times when the whole flat was mud at ebb tide ; when 
 the streets ran mud ; when walls and floors Averc of mud ; 
 and half the population was muddi;'d outside, and nn! Idled 
 inside as often as night came ; and one of the main distinc- 
 tions, in certain circles, was between the black-muds and 
 the red-muds. 
 
 The city then and previously had Alcaldes and Ayunta- 
 Theritv in those mientos numerous; all hard at work to make 
 "^iJ^l^l /"h- .^' '^"tH of land to needy friends. Socially they 
 "''■ had " h(umds " and " reg ilators. " These 
 
 were men who had had, at times, honied words of flattery and 
 commendation poured into their ears by persons of high 
 standing in the comnumity ; but after trying to regulate 
 others, they had so much difliculty in governing themselves,
 
 50 THE CALIFORNIA PILGKIM. 
 
 that several of them got hauged and the rest were suddenly 
 missing. One of the peculiarities of these "hounds" was, 
 that, while tlicy had no difficulty in following up any other 
 animals, they always lo^l the trail when put on the scent of 
 a "blackleg." In that particular, Mr. Hightone said, he 
 thought some of their recent policemen had been too much 
 like them. 
 
 When they had finished these themes, and had had some 
 talk of the early meetings, and of the old, dark, dingy school 
 house, and of the first preacher there, they sang the hymn 
 
 " Glory to thee, my Coit, this night,"' 
 
 They get off to ^^^ having prayed, thoy retired to sleep in 
 bed in due time. ^^^^^^^ comfort aud chccr. 
 
 I saw in my dream, that early in the grey dawn of the 
 morning, Kev. Mr. Search was abroad. lie soon had True 
 Heart with him ; and then they were ready to escort the 
 Pilgrim. Without allowing him time to think of what was 
 close around him, his guides first had the Pilgrim to the 
 great height in the rear of the town. As he toiled up 
 They get to the the stscp it remiudod him vividly uf the " Hill 
 
 top of Eiissian „.-, , , . , /,, . . 
 
 Hill. Dunculty," up winch Christian \veut on a 
 
 pilgrimage many years ago ; which hill himself did not fail 
 to encounter, very soon after his having come up to the 
 gate of the " King's Highway." 
 
 On reaching the top of Pvussian Hill, Pilgrim was delighted 
 with so magnificent a prospect as he beheld, and his whole 
 wh.-it iiiuy a-dw nature was exhilarated. When he had taken 
 
 fniiii th(^ top of . 1 ■ 1 1 • 1 
 
 the hill. a View 01 all arouml, they explained to him the 
 
 interesting and remarkable features, the hills, the islands, 
 the bays, tlie slopes, the ridges, the farms and the gardens. 
 Among them they also pointed out to hini, on the opposito
 
 TIIF. CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 61 
 
 shore of the bay, Ten a Quoicica, nn iucipiont city, railed also 
 by some the towu of Liberty, bceaiiso the authorities had 
 power by charter to re^mlate all matters affecting the 
 public morals, to prohibit and to license Sunday-parties, 
 picnics, dueb, theaters, brothels, and what not. 
 
 The story of this town's rise and progress set Pilgrim to 
 musing, and made him sometime silent ; for he thought of 
 Egg-nogg-town, Dog-scramble, Race-horse-lane, Smash-up- 
 hollow, Fistieuffburg, and various other localities around the 
 slough ,of Mortal Corruption ; all of which had shared the 
 fate of Doumsond. 
 
 The thought comforted him, however, that this place of 
 Liberty miglit never be populous ; that in the future it 
 might get a new character, if not a better name ; and so he 
 turned and looked at the city lying at his feet, to mark its 
 bulwarks and towers, its cupolas and spires. It did not 
 surprise him to find one building, whose externals marked it 
 as held in subservience to the See of Rome. His eye then 
 caught another edifice with a top piece on, of a whitish grey 
 hue, done up in a cheap, ambitious, style ; which True 
 A gianrp at pub- Heart told him was the dome of the theater 
 
 lie buildinns and ... 
 
 the churches. of injunctions ; but whether the injunctions to 
 buy and pay for the structure, or not to do so, were then in 
 the ascendant, neither True Heart nor his friends could tell. 
 He saw two or three religious edifices of respectable propor- 
 tions, yet wearing too much the aspect of neglect, as if in 
 debt ; while several of the buildings that were shown to him 
 as churches were low, mean, and shabby in their appear- 
 ance. When Pilgrim wondered at this, Rev. Mr. Search 
 said that his and other congregations were in the habit of 
 talking magnificently about churches, but, hitherto, their 
 talk had not proceeded much farther than the private con-
 
 52 THK CALIl-ORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 ferences and conimitte3 rooms wli3re it was held. There 
 was hope — though it rather seemed as if the good people 
 were putting off the rearing of temples for the pilgrims to 
 What the people worship in until they had all acquired splendid 
 
 sppined to be i i r> i • i i 
 
 waitiHg for. fortunes, had fine busmess houses down town, 
 
 elegant brick mansions up town, and could keep sumptuous 
 
 establishments ; unmindful of the fact that, in other days, 
 
 the people of God were found rearing their defences, and 
 
 rebuilding their temples, before (hey prepared houses 
 
 of luxusy for themselves to dv/ell in, or paid court to case 
 
 and indulgence. 
 
 So, when the three had sufiieiontly bemoaned this state 
 
 of things, and discussed some methods of remedy, which all 
 
 resolved themselves into the necessity of nobler views of 
 
 the Glad-land, and of fresh supplies of sacred influence 
 
 descending thence, they went down the hill, and passed 
 
 along some of the streets. As they were going down through 
 
 They come into one. Pilgrim heard })icrcing mtisic, the thump 
 the lower re- i i • i t 
 
 gions. of heavy feet, a ciacked voice drawling out on 
 
 a high key, "right chasse," "promenade all," and the like 
 technical terms ; and he heard also many outlandish oaths 
 and noises. He saw bloated men idling about, and red faced 
 females in dirty little groggcry pens, and, now and then, a 
 more flaming and fiery looking place, where males and 
 The reels. fenijilcs werc going through with reels of fact 
 
 and reels of figure, and in garbs that beggared description. 
 True Heart said that street was always noisy and disturbed ; 
 but, by night, the uproar in it was teri-ible. He always 
 avoided it in the evening if he could, and so did all respec- 
 table people. It was a sink of iniquity ; and, although an 
 immense sewer ran the whole length of it, it was not 
 capacious enough to drain off" the garbage and filth of the
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 53 
 
 inhabitants. Even the augiy winds and a fiery stonn that 
 "Tiie sow tiiat ^^^^'^ swcpt it clean, did not prevent an after 
 was wushed." ficciuuulation of the same sort of stuff. It was 
 set down in the books and charts as Pacific street ; but was 
 more fitly called Uproar Valley, or Bedlam Avenue. 
 
 They came presently to a street which Pilgrim did not 
 hear the common name of, but which. True Heart told him, 
 was known in some private circles as Vinegar alley ; because 
 What necroman that article, having been carted in, in immense 
 
 cy will do witli 
 
 casks of vinogiir quantities, at one end, came out at the other, 
 through divers importing houses, in bottles, kegs, and casks, 
 labelled claret, old port, hock, sherry, madeira, muscat, 
 heidsick, etc.; and thus was put into market. He said that 
 in a country like this where files, dust, and spide>-s abound, 
 ed, it required but a month or two to bring out the oldes^^ 
 looking bottles in the world ; all covered with cobwebs and 
 dust, looking as if they might have been hoarded in the 
 cellar of some old country nabob for half a century. 
 
 Somewhere in the same vicinity also, they found located 
 the " Whisky Exchange." This was a place where that 
 "I'liitv in vari- fii'ticlo bccamc mysteriously transmuted into 
 °'-'"" all sorts of distilled and fancy liquors, brought 
 
 out in casks with fimcy painted heads and foreign brands ; 
 yet all done to order in San Fastopolis. True Heart said, 
 that, however such " spriritual rappers" as started the 
 bungs might account for the fiict, it was a fiict, which any 
 .■^omothins to be ^^'^ might asccrtaiu, that the amount of pure 
 expiameU. -vyincs and Hquors — so labelled — shipped from 
 
 San Fastopolis for the interior, in any given time, was sur- 
 prisingly greater than that entered at the custom house 
 during the same period. 
 
 Pilgrim said he had heard of a city famous for its ale,
 
 54 THE CALIFOKNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 where tlic best raanufacturers of tliiit article were said to 
 draw tlieir supply of water from a paud into which were 
 thrown all the dead dogs, eats, pigs, and other odorous 
 things from the city. But where the people of Sah Fast- 
 opolis obtained good liquids f)r the!>fc purposes he was un- 
 able to perceive ; nor could True Heart tell him, for it Was 
 a matter about whi<,'h he had never thought before ; but he 
 wue precaution bad heard some dealers saying, in private, that 
 they were very cautious about swallowing certain li(j[uors 
 they found in the market. 
 
 Passing onward, they had some discussion ariiong them- 
 selves concerning the confusion of the names of streets, no 
 one being able to give any good reason for calling Battery 
 street by that name, till True Heart suggested that there 
 might be some remote reference to the kind of treatment 
 A street and a aud usage country merchants met with in that 
 
 conjecture about 
 
 it vicinity, especially after tasting a good many 
 
 liquor samples. 
 
 Just then the sign of "Goahead and Driver " attracted 
 The firinofGoa- the attention of Pilgrim. It had so familiar a 
 
 lieiui i: Driver, , n • i i 
 
 wiiere born, i:c. look that he fain would see the proprietors 
 themselves. He found they were even the same he sup- 
 posed ; men who were born in the town of Selflove, in his 
 native province ; but were last from the city of Enterprise 
 in the province of Welldoing, and whom he had heard of as 
 among the most moral and hopeful youth of the place ; 
 taking the lead in all movements to advance religion, learn- 
 ing, sobriety, and good order. He greeted them cordially, 
 and asked them of their welfare. They said they were one 
 of the oldest among the well established houses ; were doing 
 a large and profitable business, and were already reckoned
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 The prosperity ai"ong the luost Wealthy of the city ; as their 
 of the firm. elegant buikliiig so completely fi'led with their 
 
 own stock of goods would prove. Pilgrim .seeing some sii.s- 
 picious looking casks, faucets, and tumblers in back, aa 
 they went about the building together, ventured to inquire 
 Theory and' ^^ ^^^Y adhered to their temperance doctrines 
 practice. j^^ ^j^j^^ f:^^.^^Q region. They said, '' in theory 
 
 as much as ever " but, in practice, they were obliged to 
 conform to the custom of the trade-. *' Circumstances you 
 know, Mr. Pilgrim, alter ca.?es. " " Oh yes ! " said Pil- 
 grim, but it is nwre difficult for me to see how th?y can 
 alter principles. 
 
 Q-. & D. We have not altered our principles, dear sir, 
 in the least ; we have only suspend;jd theu' oparation. 
 
 PiL. 0/ rather violated them ; have you not .' 
 
 G. & D. Have it so, if you please. You are sharp at 
 distinctions. 
 
 PiL. Thank you, not sharper than yourselves. However, 
 3-0U " own up," and confess. That, at least, is candid ; it 
 is good to confess when guilty of that which is not good. 
 
 Gr. & D. But you must reflect and consider, Mr. 
 
 Deliberation re- Pilgl'l"!, illd not be tOO SCVerC On US. You 
 
 '*"""'^- should bear in mind that all our customers 
 
 want wines and liquors, and will have them, and will go else- 
 where for them if wo do not keep such articles ; and so we 
 should lose the profit, and perhaps the customers. 
 
 PiL. But are there none in your sort of business that 
 refuse to sell the articles, and never keep them in their 
 stores, who still are thriving in a business way .' 
 
 G. & D. Yes ! a very few ; but they fill orders and 
 supply customers by sending to their neighbors for such
 
 56 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Diaboios in some quantities as may be called for ; which amounts 
 sort whipped. ^j^|y ^^ whipping a certain old character round 
 the stump, and leaving the profits of the trade to others. 
 
 PiL. They may not be so scrupulous yet as they ought 
 to be ; but they show this, at least, that they will not them- 
 selves sell liquors for the profit's sake ; they only order them 
 for customers, to retain custom. Now, if you all did so, 
 •^rould not such a course throw the whole of that kind of 
 One way to ^^'^^^^ ^'^^^ ^^^ hands of a few, to whom the 
 manage. business was congenial ; so that the next step 
 
 would be the making of it a separate business, with which 
 no one need meddle who did not fancy it ? 
 
 Ci. & D. Yes ! But there is the difficulty ; to get the 
 consent of the mass of the traders to the arrangement, one 
 half would seek that branch for the profit's sake. 
 
 PiL. But you are now so wealthy as to command cus- 
 tomers ; you do not need the profits of the business ; the loss 
 of a few customers can work no serious injury to you. Ad- 
 mitting, for the moment, therefore, all you have alleged in 
 defence of your course to have been sufficient to justify it 
 heretofore, I submit that there is some doubt about the 
 force of the reasons now. And, besides, it must be hugely 
 uncomfortable for you to keep your consciences, for the 
 time, kid up — like some torpid animal in winter — in a 
 state of suspended animation, while you pursue a course you 
 dislike^ and only half assent to, merely — for what .' 
 
 G-. & D. Why, for the sake of more money, and for the 
 Wanted ! Prin- Want of more principle and pluck, you would 
 
 aple and pluck. g^y_ y^^.^ jjj^^jy ^^^^ ^^^j^j ^^ ^.j^j^^ . ^g ^^^ 
 
 generally are. We never considered this thing consistent, 
 except with the general notion that we must live and do 
 something ; that we were brought up to trade ; and that by
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 57 
 
 trade we must make oni* way in the world. Getting here 
 we thought there could be no good and prosperous business 
 done without carrying on this ; .and we have done so ; possi- 
 bly, not to our praise. 
 
 PiL. Allow me to a^■k if you know Kev. Mr. Search. 
 
 G. & D. Oh, yes ! He is our preacher ; and an excel- 
 lent one he is ; we hear him once every Sunday. 
 
 PiL. Only once .' Is not that inconsistent with your 
 praise of him .- Surely, two " excellent" sermons are twice 
 as good as one. 
 
 G. & D. True ; but one of us looks after the store 
 while the other is gone. We don't both hear the same 
 discourse. 
 
 PiL. Where are your clerks .- Are none of them trust- 
 worthy } 
 
 G. & D. We hope so. But they claim Sunday for 
 themselves, exempt from all care. 
 
 PiL. But, if you were particular about them, and each 
 should take his turn, you would both have two-thirds of 
 your Sabbaths for church-going ! 
 
 G. & D. Well, Mr. Pilgrim, you are an old neighbor, 
 and understand our delinquencies pretty well. We have 
 subscribed more than a thousand dollars for a new church ; 
 when that is finished, we will go twice a day. As to this 
 dirty part of our business, if you should come in often, we 
 The traders are should havc to work out of it sooner than we 
 generous. expectcd. As it is, we will each of us give 
 
 you a " slug" for your good ai'guments and good temper ; it 
 is worth that to get such a lesson in a pleasant way. 
 Pilgrim thanked them heartily, but declined receiving the 
 money ; saying he was not in need. He hoped they would 
 not forget the talk ; but would do right, and prosper. If,
 
 58 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 by and by, he sbould be in want he would let them know. 
 So he bade them good-day. 
 
 When Pilgrim rejoined his companions he apologized for 
 his long absence ; and then related the conversation, llev. 
 Mr. Search said ho knew them. They were noble young 
 men. They had few superiors. They were not, like too 
 many sorry wretches, ready to give np their Christianity, and 
 throw it off, and turn and trample on it, like swine ; nor yet 
 to abandon character and everything, for the sake of riches 
 Sympathy for and popularity. He deeply sympatliized with 
 
 people in a try- • i /. i 
 
 ing position. them m their difficult and sore trial ; tor they 
 were withholding themselves from the fellowship of the 
 church, and the active duties of piety, lest they should seem 
 to reproach Christ's cause ; and, consequently, were made 
 uncomfortable by their position. He hoped they, and all 
 such, would see the way to be clear in the matter speedily. 
 It was now toward evening ; and I saw in my dream, that 
 \ wiiaif lor Pilgi'ini and his companions were come to a 
 steamers. certain wharf; where were great numbers of 
 
 teams, piles of merchandize, and crowds of men, of divers na- 
 tions. There were noisy runners, fruit pedlers, boys with 
 brimless hats selling papers, gaping crowds of loafers, express 
 wagons, dashing carriages, and long poles with burdens on 
 either end and Chinamen under the middle. A half dozen 
 or more fleet boats, with flags flying, were turning their 
 wheels, blowing oft" their surplus steam, ringing their bells, 
 and tugging at the lines, as if impatient for the race. Some 
 people were chatting with their friends ; some were shaking 
 hands with theirs at parting ; others were running to and 
 fro to find theirs ; and breathless men, almost too late, were 
 hastening on, sweaty and dusty, knocking over orange 
 baskets and news boys, and losing their hats and baggage.
 
 THK CA I.I TORN I A PILGRIM. 59 
 
 The steamrrs The craft soon niovcJ off, onc after another, 
 
 get under way. .^^^j ^^^.^ ^j^^ ^^j^^j^ ^^^^ j,^ ^j^^ j^^^.^^^^. ^ 
 
 living and beautiful aspect, as they walked tho waters. 
 
 Just as Pilirim was turning to ask something in respect 
 to the sort of men connected with the steamers, there 
 dashed by them at a furious rate, through the receding 
 crowd, a pair af spanking bays, ;jttached to an elegant 
 Aneicannurn- vehicle, that sccnicd but a playthiug to them 
 ""'■ In the vehicle were two young men, who com- 
 
 posed a fashionable law firm, with a fashionable sign, in a 
 fashionable street, and who kept this fashionable equipage. 
 They were dressed in elegant black, with white neck cloths 
 ani] waistcoats, and white kid gloves ; and they handled the 
 ribbons scientifically. The one wore short hair, and heavy, 
 forward-looking, fierce whiskers, and an imperial. The 
 other's hair hung in long, and carefully curled, ringlets, of 
 a raven hue. His complexion was fair and delicate ; and 
 the dark down on his lip passed for a mustache. 
 
 True Heart said he had overheard a friend eivins: some 
 Tiie story of a 'iccouut of that braco of lawyers. Their 
 br..cconiwycr.. f^^jj^^.^ ^^^^.^ ^,^^,^ Wealthy men, and brought 
 
 them up to college and a profession. They were younger 
 sons and therefore thus favored. They had been sent into 
 this region as a fine field for genius. But so it was, that 
 tlieir reading of law was at first but a sham ; and now they 
 read cheap novels, lake poetry, ladies magazines, and Sun- 
 d-.iy papers, and sporting publications, and the London 
 Punch, almost exclusively. True, there was an air of 
 learning and study at their rooms ; for they had been fur- 
 nished with noble libraries ; and little Everdig, the white- 
 haired clerk whom they kept for his board, was always 
 thumbing the books in them. As to the firm, they could
 
 GO THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 scarcely distinguish Lord Coke from Chancellor Kent, 
 Grotius from Blackstone, or tell whether Peters was a 
 reporter or a commentator. They were utterly briefless ; 
 tlieir time being given to pleasure rides, calls, theaters, etc. 
 They would draw three thousand a quarter, on the " Old 
 Gents" at home to make up deficiencies ; and occasionally 
 get a friend to give them an easy case to argue in court, 
 A brilliant ropu- ""''th the points all arranged for them ; hire a 
 by'lnnt ff'h^imu i-pporter to be present and puff the brilliant 
 reporting. advocatcs, and then send the papers home to 
 
 astound " Ma and Sisters." The style of the firm was 
 " Takem and. Pleasem;" very funny; and prophetic they 
 once thought ; the senior, of his success with clients, and the 
 junior of his, with juries and the ladies. 
 
 Now, as the travelers passed up one of the streets on their 
 return, I saw that Pilgrin\ stopped suddenly, and gazed in- 
 tently into a saloon, with bawdy pictui-es on gaudy and 
 o-ilded walls, where were a huge bar establishment, several 
 gaming tables, and a baud of music. Presently he walked 
 Another old ac- i'^to t^^G rooui, and Up to the bar, and took 
 quaintanceturn- ^| ^j^^^.^ by the hand. Saying, " How are 
 
 ea up in a new -^ i j a 
 
 place. yQ^^ j^jy qI^i friend Smooth V Smith, sir, .?aid 
 
 he, is my name. Artichoke Smith. 
 
 Am I mistaken } said Pilgrim, do you not know me ? I 
 have not the honor, sir, said he, I am the son, said Pilgrim, 
 of Freelove Gaine, of Doomsend ; and I took you to be the 
 Rev. Artful I^^''- Artful Smootli, of the town of Volubility, 
 Smooth. \ivc!:^ by my native city. Ilush, hush ! said 
 
 he ; turning as many colors as the dying dolphin, but not 
 quite so beautiful ; don't mention that name here, for 
 They withdraw Heavcn's sake ! Speak in whispers ! Eather, 
 
 from the gaze of . , ■ tvt i 
 
 the public. su', let US Withdraw to another room ! JNow be
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 61 
 
 soated, sir ! We arc strangely Jiiot, sir, what have you to 
 counnunicato, sir r 
 
 Now this Mr. Smooth was a short, small framed man ; 
 round, full, and fatty ; with little, white, dumpy hands, staring 
 eyes, and prominent lips ; and he was of a florid complexion. 
 How Mr. Smith ^^i'^ '^^'i" '^^^'^ ^''^'^ ^J nature, but it had 
 "" "^ ■ been eradicated by art ; and he now wore 
 
 a black wig, of long, frizzled hair ; set high, so as to show 
 n prodigious forehead. He spoke in an orotund, with a 
 vain, pompous, affected, almost sickening manner ; and drew 
 himself up so wonderfully, standing there on his two pegs, 
 that Pilgrim was taken all aback, and scarcely knew how to 
 begin. 
 
 I saw you, by chance, and knew you, and could not omit 
 to speak with you, said Pilgrim. How long, sir, pray, since 
 you forsook Volubility. 
 
 A. S. I had long felt, as you, sir, may be aware, that 
 A reason for ^J t'dcnts Were being wasted where I was, 
 emigraton. ^j^,^^ j ^^^ being buricd up in a small town, 
 
 that I was being poorly appreciated ; and so I came thence 
 four years ago. 
 
 PiL. Have you ever preached anywhere in California, 
 Mr. Smooth .' 
 
 A, S. Smith, sir, if you please ; A. Smith. — When I 
 A riian<io ami a ^^'"^^ being brought liithcr, sir, I changed my 
 
 transmutation. ^^j^,^^ ^^^ ^^^^ ^.^^^^^ rj^-j^g j^^^ ^^.^f^| S,nootll 
 
 never landed here ; he was then being only Mr. A. Smith, 
 and such he continues to bo, at your service. 
 
 PiL. What business have yon been pursuing, and with 
 what success .' 
 
 A. S. I kept a bank, sir, the first year. Since then, I
 
 t)2 THE CALIFORXIA PILGRIM, 
 
 Banking. have been engcaged in scvera] public banking 
 
 establishments like the one you have just seen. 
 
 PiL. I don't know as I exactly comprehend you, sir ; 
 you said " banking establishments," I saw in the room only 
 tables for cards and dice. 
 
 A. S. Oh, they are private affairs ; — if you will under- 
 stand that any better ; they are banks for faro, monte, 
 and the like. 
 
 PiL. Indeed, you surprise me Mr. Smooth ! Is this 
 possible in your case : 
 
 A. S. Certainly sir, why not r I gave up my profession, 
 as I informed you. I was then only a private gentleman. 
 I came hither to make mone3^ Nothing I could do was so 
 Playing a fair prof table as this. I played a fair game. I 
 game. paid back all winnings from any old friends, 
 
 and so sealed their lips. Nobody was compelled to bet on 
 my cards. If any did, and lost, it was their fault ; they 
 might have known better. I told no lies, as editors, lawyers, 
 doctors, mechanics, and traders did ; and I cheated none but 
 such as tried to cheat mo. In short, sir, I did an honorable 
 and a flourishing business ; in my estimation. 
 
 PiL. But, is it known at your old home, sir, that you 
 have been doing thus .' 
 
 A. S. No, sir, I think not. I do not wish it to be. 
 No decent man will tell tales there about me. 
 
 Pir,. But, sotting that aside, is not this sort of business 
 disreputable and demoralizing.' 
 
 A. S. Disreputable ! Not in my estimation, in Califor- 
 nia, Demoralizing ; — perhaps so ; if you can spoil rotten 
 Bad eg?s. Gggs. 3Iost men I see here are pretty well 
 
 gone in evil before they come. Their money is bound to go 
 somehow ; and we may as well have it as anybody.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 63 
 
 PiL. But you do not consider this cliristiaa doctrine, do 
 you, Mr. Suiooth .' 
 
 A. S. No sir, nut at all. I told you I did not come to 
 California sir, to bo either a preacher or a christian. I aia 
 an only adventurer, sir. I shall make ray pile, go home, 
 and be a gentleman. 
 
 PiL. Perhaps you may do so ; but you forget what 
 injury you may be doing in tho commuuity; and what 
 reproac-h you may bring on the good cause. 
 
 A. S. Tlij "good cause" be hanged. As to the com- 
 munity, this community, sir, isn't worth a ; all are 
 
 An impariiai koavcs, thievcs, swindlors, and hypocrites ! I 
 
 iiKin's opinion of i • <? i 
 
 uie conuuunity. don't mtend to stay long among such miernal 
 scoundrels as this country is full of. It's not worth your 
 while to try to bo a pilgrim hore ; you'll get broke, I know. 
 I should, I'm sure ; and I consider most people a good deal 
 worse than I am, in California 
 
 Well, said Pilgrim, I cannot stop to argue the })oint ; I 
 fear you have be^a given up, or rathor have given yourself 
 up, to work inipity. I entreat j-ou to renounco this 
 busiaess. Crood evening sir. 
 
 A. S. Good night. 
 
 So Pilgrim rejoined his companions ; and they went 
 homeward. But in their cjnvorsation and prayers, that, 
 niofht, they rej oiced and blessed God that after all they had 
 seen, they know there was still so much of moral goodness 
 and virtue in the land of gold. 
 
 MORAL. 
 It is the privilege of us all to give thanks thus. We all 
 do know people among us of incorruptible integrity. "Wary 
 and suspicious as we are required to be of all strangers, ex-
 
 64 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 cept as we can read their characters in the face and in the 
 manner, we are not obhged to be so when we come in contact 
 with the tried and the faitlifnl. We can confide in a 
 cherished few. We can trust them to any extent. 
 
 It is true, evil reports have gone abroad concerning tlie 
 state of christian morals among us, and the degree of piety 
 prevalent in our churches. Such reports are not well 
 founded. Certainly they convey a wrong impression in 
 respect to such in our communities as are actually and 
 fully in connection with our churches. There are ver} many 
 among us, who were members of churches elsewhere, but 
 are not here, and will not become such. These who keep 
 aloof from us are the classes that give rise to these evil 
 reports. In too many instances the stories told of their 
 moral deterioration and defection are true. But he is a 
 rash and unjust man, who, with a few persons in his eye, 
 makes a sweeping charge of inconstancy, dereliction, and 
 ii-religion against us all as christians. 
 
 The ministry has come in for its share of reproach and 
 defamation ; not without some show of reason, based on the 
 conduct of a few individuals. There are those who have 
 been, in some form, and at some period, in the exercise of 
 the functions of an office so sacred, who have disgraced and 
 abused it. Their misdoings have made partial men unjust 
 toward the whole body of our clergymen, and base men, 
 calumnious of them. There have been not less than two 
 hundred clergymen resident in the State. From personal 
 knowledge, or on what I esteem good and clear testimony, 
 I can instance one Congregational minister as having 
 gambled ; one Presbyterian minister as having become 
 l)rofane ; two Baptist ministers as having been engaged 
 in gambling saloons; one P]piscopal clergyman as having
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. G5 
 
 swindled and been otherwise morally corrupt ; four 
 Methodist Episcopal miuisters as having sold liquors, 
 gambled, or practised other immoralities ; and one 
 Protestant Methodist preacher as having become drunken 
 and profane. These are all that I can be sure about. I 
 have heard many reports of like cases. AVe all have. 
 But we must not believe one of them unless we can have 
 name, place, dato, eye witnesses, and those veracious men. 
 If we believe all the rumors and reports that reach ua 
 in this land, in respect to any matter, we shall become 
 credulous fools, and shall soon find ourselves thoroughly 
 stranded on the island of gullibility. There may have 
 been among the clergymen other instances than these of 
 moral defection. There probably have been, but they 
 are not known to me. 
 
 I have known several ministers in the country not 
 engaged in preaching, but in other emjiloyments. They 
 are not of course included in the above list, because nothing 
 has ever been alleged and proved against their moral and 
 christian character ; unless it be that they have given up 
 preaching for the sake of entering on some secular pursuit. 
 ]5ut one has always a legal, if not an ecpiitable, right to leave 
 the ministry ; and he has a moral right also to do it, when 
 convinced, by his own experienoo and the advice of his 
 brethren, that he is not fit for the station, and that he can 
 be more truly useful in some other sphere ; and also when 
 he is broken down in health, and unable to perform the 
 functions of a clergyman. It may oven become his duty 
 to leave the ministry and forego all his preferences for 
 remaining in it. One should hesitate long before doing it ; 
 ])ut when he feels compelled to do so ; ho ought to be 
 ' allowed to do it, in a regular way, and without any loss of
 
 66 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 cliaracter or respect as a man and a christian. We must 
 decide, each for himself, diroii:ih Lick of any fairer metliod 
 of determining, whether any in CaUfornia have forsaken the 
 ministry for reasons that could not justify them. 
 
 While we rejoice over tho mor-al goodness that has 
 persisted and now remains, wc must allow what our eyes 
 see to modify and 'correct ■owv views of human nature. In 
 the regions whence Ave came there has been, for some years, a 
 growing disposition to think too well of our common nature, 
 it.s innocencies, excellencies, capabilities, and susceptibilities 
 to cood. Human nature thei-e is not so free to show its 
 worst features as here. All the influences gendered in a 
 well regulated social state are there thrown around men to 
 repress their worst instincts and cherish their better ones. 
 The atmosphere of society, as it invests them, is that of the 
 temperate and not of the ti'opical zone. Their native 
 propensities to evil are stinted and dwarfed ; they cannot 
 become such rank and overshadowing growths as in other 
 climes. xVnd hence, few there can ever know what man is 
 on the vicious side ; and into what a monster of villainy he 
 may grow. Here Ave sec our nature free to develop 
 according to its leanings ; laterally, downwardly. Here, 
 where there has been ^vAi a weakening of restraints, 
 such a letting down of principles, so general a 
 deterioration, and a vitiosity of public sentiment such, 
 that it has brought down the educated and refiued to 
 wallow in filth with brutes, has corrupted the fountains of 
 law and- justice, has entered among those who onco 
 professed religion, and perverted them, and has even 
 invaded the ranks of the ministry, and caused some to fall ; 
 here we have learned how terrible in wickedness a man may
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 67 
 
 bo, and to wli:vt depths of meanness, vileness, and baseness 
 our nature is capaltle of beini; degraded. 
 
 Aceo;dingly, wo know huiu:in nature, in its leanings and 
 capabilities, a.s the great mass of om* contemporaries do not, 
 and never can, till they arc in positions like ours. We have 
 ceased to think too well of human nature. Mankind are 
 not rated high among us. Perhaps we hold -men too 
 cheai:)ly. Possibly we are going to the other extreme, and 
 are beginning to think too ill of our humanity. AVe may 
 b3 too much depressed and humiliated by what we see. 
 While wo can not think too poorly of human nature in its 
 utter and entire depravity, since it is bad enough at best, 
 we .should beware lest we think ill of it in such a way as to 
 discourage effort and lead us to abandon liopc ; for wc have 
 nought to do with melancholy and despair.
 
 LECTURE IV. 
 
 Now I saw in my di-eaiu, that, when the second morning 
 dawned, and Pilgrim tliought of the long journey before 
 him, the delays he should be likely to meet with, and 
 tlie approach of the inclement season, he began to feel in 
 haste to depart from the noisy metropolis of all Bustledom, 
 and to proceed on his journey. 
 
 Ilowboit, he had yet some places to visit, and some things 
 to sec in San Fastopolis and its vicinity. So he went forth 
 under the guidance of Ecv. Mr. Goodwill, Mr. Keep Faith, 
 and Mr. Staunchman, a newly come jierson, who wished to 
 be with them for better acquaintance ; and the four set out 
 in great cheerfulness, on their tour of observation. 
 
 So Pilgrim took leave of Mr. Search, and his excellent 
 lady, thanking them for their hospitality, and wishing them 
 health and peace. From the house of their rest they 
 descended to the bottom of a sandy hollow, through which 
 the surplus runnings of several springs were slowly oozing 
 Avasiiervvoman's ^'^^J'" ^^Jj Underneath clothes lines, and among 
 ^'^ ^'' washThouses, where people were continually in 
 
 the suds. Having picked their way across the moist sand- 
 mixture, they came upon a hard topped hill, went down the 
 broad street to a rich man's corner, where the blossoms of
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 69 
 
 late summer yet lingered in border and parterre, and, 
 turning to the right, they passed, by a still more steep 
 declivity, into a second hollow deeper even than the first. 
 Nearly over the little stream that trickled down the center 
 was standing high up on posts a long, low building, which 
 Mr. Staunchman, being rather verdant, took for a bowling- 
 alley instead of a female academy. On the hill-side near 
 by, towered aloft an umber colored, gothic structure ; a very 
 A high ciiurch. high church in rather a lowly place ; but Keep 
 Faith said it was warranted to him to aftbrd the best music 
 h\ the city. 
 
 Ascending to the very top of a second and higher hill, 
 they came up to a checkered building, where they found a 
 Fciiooi upon an scliool, taught by Mr. Propriety and his wife 
 eieration. Prudence, and a lady called Fraucesca. They 
 
 were pleased with the bright and happy faces they saw all 
 around them ; but they lingered only a moment, for the 
 bell on the post began to ring, and study hours were at hand. 
 
 Having taken a look at the white chapel hard by, which 
 was without either cupola or spire, they proceeded to the 
 task of working down from those lofty regions, overlooking 
 town, harbor, and bay, toward the places of mark and note, 
 and the most frequented streets and lanes. Downward they 
 went, and still downward, along a narrow, uneven, ill-graded 
 street, crossing at right angles a broad and majestic avenue 
 They romo in whcre tlic " Upper Ten" had begun to build 
 
 si),'lit of Aristo- i t i • ti i p 
 
 craticrow. them splcndid mansions, not unlike the laraou.s 
 
 ones in the row in tlio great town of Vanity, where dwelt 
 Lord Luxurious, Lord Livewell, and my Lord Millionaire 
 All at once they came to a halt at the corner of a dusty 
 A place called and uucleauly opening, having very much the 
 square. appearance of a place in the city of Doomsend
 
 70 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 made for impounding stray cattk. Thi^ one bad been 
 enclosed with a fence of posts and rails which seemed to 
 have served the purpose of keeping everything in and 
 nothing out. 
 
 On one side of it they were shown the spot where an 
 A niidni"in tra- excitcd populace, at the hour of midnight, had 
 ^^^^' gibbeted a sorry thief, without the ordinary 
 
 forms of law. Conflagrations had eJQPaced everything but 
 the memory of the scene. That, neither fires could burn 
 nor waters quench ; it would survive the generations of 
 them that witnessed the horrors of the mournful tragedy. 
 
 Unsightly as was the square, it was the city's chief place 
 of convocation ; and it was surrounded with some of the 
 most imposing edifices the city could boast. Here were 
 publishing establishments, flash saloons, fashionable diink- 
 ing houses, customs hall, gambling saloons, hotels, exchanges, 
 public offices, and blazing show-windows. In the sunny 
 weather crowds of extravagantly dressed men thronged the 
 side walks, smoking cigars, discussing the city finances, the 
 last duel, the latest intrigue brought to light, the most 
 An out-of-door recent row, and swearing promiscuously, 
 company. Thcsc werc loafcrs by position, pimps, venders 
 
 of raffle tickets, political hangers on, genteel men of leisure, 
 and gentlemen of honor. Elbowing their way through the 
 mass, and hurrying, went traders and contractors, head 
 down and hat pitched forward ; lawyers, with books and 
 papers ; physicians, with pill and plaster, looking mysterious ; 
 and clerks and express men, with letters and bundles ; 
 while some cautious and careful men, to keep whole 
 garments, took the middle of the street. 
 
 Going onward to the street that ran by the lower side of 
 the cattle pound, they found a narrow passage open
 
 THE CAMFORNIA PILGRIM. 71 
 
 — -* 
 
 between a line of horses and carriages ranged along one 
 curb, and a row of boot blacks ranged along the other and 
 furnished each with an armed chair and a footstool, in 
 addition to scrapers, brushes and blacking. They did 
 not even go upon the side walk in front of the " Dorado" 
 of brick, believing the less that was known of its business 
 and its fame, the better. 
 
 Presently they came in front of an imposing edifice 
 of free stone, of a dun brown color ; a color thought to 
 have significance. From the time it became the " theater 
 The new City ^^ injunctions " it was turned also into a 
 "* '■ speculators' elysium, toward the consummation 
 
 of whose perfect bliss all citizens were forced t) coutribut^i 
 their mite and majesty ; and the legitimacy of the doings of 
 the " City Fathers" in procuring this monument to 
 perpetuate their precious memories, in view of a quickly 
 anticipated demise, was a matter of earnest di.spute. 
 
 A little further on, at the head of a narrow street, there 
 was a crowd of people, pale faced and thin, a great many 
 of them. They were following a man, as a phenomenon, 
 A sort of curios- ^^^^ pretended to say that he was cured of 
 "'-'■ disease at one of the city ho.^^pitals ; when, in 
 
 the opinion of his fellow sufferers, he had been frightened 
 out of his maladies by the cry of " fire ;" and it would not 
 be strange if it were found that the man was a little beside 
 himself, or that he was assuming to be in better condition 
 than he really was, that he might avoid the careful charities 
 of those who would be disposed to send him back. 
 
 Having got clear of this strange throng of men, they went 
 East and South, turning from ono handsomely and 
 compactly built street into another, and going in front of 
 splendid blocks of buildings used for stores, banks and
 
 72 THE CALIFOHNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 offices ; the history of the erectibn of many of which was 
 singuhir, and the money to pay for them was gotten, no one 
 could tell how. Some of the fine structures they examined 
 were such as belonged to those rejmted saints in former days, 
 and some to reputed " latter day saints." 
 
 They had but just finished the survey of the rooms 
 and buildings where the committee of seven hundred did 
 their last job of human suspension, on the afternoon of a 
 certain Sabbath, in the presence of gathered multitudes, and 
 in a manner not to be talked of coolly, when Pilgrim had 
 the rare fortune to accost another old acquaintance of his, 
 a^ that personage was picking his way delicately through 
 the sand, not far ft-om a fashionable hotel highly colored 
 An old acquain- with crcaui. The gentleman thus encountered 
 
 tance in a new n i 
 
 dress. was Very tall when taken at the full length. 
 
 His lower limbs were extremely long and spindling, 
 but never came straight at the knees. The garments that 
 covered them appeared to have been marked with chalk 
 lines and charcoal, in huge squares, and they came down to 
 gaiters of a very light color. His waistcoat was of a bright 
 buff hue, and almost interminable. His breast pin was a 
 daguerreotype, set in a huge rim of gold, of a latty on horse- 
 back. What little coat he had on, in addition to the collar 
 and sleeves, was of a sky blue tint. Embroidered 'kerchiefs 
 hung out of the breast pockets, and the buttons were refined 
 gilt. His thin hair fell down long, lank, and unctuous 
 below a huge white beaver with a broad brim, which was 
 set on the back projection of his head. In front, the face 
 ran from the roots of the hair, at an angle of forty-five 
 A glance at his degrees, to the end of the nose, where there 
 features. ^^^g ^ peculiar motion of that feature, and 
 
 thence it retreated, at the same angle down to the throat.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 73 
 
 The under and rotreatinjr portion was covered all the way, 
 more or less, by a cultivated crop of hair, in the middle of 
 which somewhere it was supposed there might be a mouth. 
 He wore pea green kid gloves, and in one hand sported an 
 elegant, but rather frail, walking stick. 
 
 Recognising him at once by the shape of his face. Pilgrim 
 ventured to speak to him, and to say, Is this you, sir ? 
 How you are grown! How do you do, sir .' 
 
 New Man. What fellow has the efFrontewy and pwe- 
 He opens his Sumption to addwcss a gentleman in the stweet 
 solemn visage, ^[^^^q^^^ ^ pwoper iutwoduction .' It is vewy 
 strange, A'ewy vulgah, vewy indeed. 
 
 PiL. A fellow, if so it please you, my good sir, that 
 knew you when a lad, and is happy to meet any one, 
 formerly known to him, in this far land, where persons from 
 the same province seem almost like one's kindred. 
 
 New Max. Well sah, you perceive, sah, I am some- 
 He shows that t^^i°o exclusive, sah, in me tastes and me 
 he is e.xciusive. j^^^i^j^g^ g.^j^ . ^^^ j ^^^ j^^^^ therefore, be on 
 
 terms, sah, with evewy wustic and upstawt who chooses to 
 couwt me presence, sah. I have not the honow to know 
 you, sah. 
 
 PiL. Your speech has nonplused me, sir. You seem 
 aristocratic in your breeding. Is it possiWe that I am 
 mistaken .' Is not your name Corymandel Swell f 
 
 C. S. That is me appellation, sah, and I flattew meself, 
 sah, it is held in high esteem by othews besides meself. I 
 move in the fust cercles, sah, and lay claim to all the 
 pwewogatives of me buth and me position. 
 
 PiL. I made no doubt, sir, there were first circles, and 
 families somewhat aristocratic in San Fastopolis, but I was 
 not before aware that many of them got their pretensions
 
 74 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 out of books of genealogies. Would it not be well, sir, for 
 all to observe a discreet silence in that matter ? 
 
 C. S. Pewbaps in some cercles the}' do, but in our 
 cercle we requiwe fwee genewations of high blood and gentle 
 bweeding. We are vewy exclusive, sah, vewy. 
 
 PiL. I had previously supposed, sir, that such distinc- 
 tions were forgotten here ; and, that, leaving intellect and 
 character out of view, the lines of social distinction were 
 drawn rather from a financial basis and related to a sort of 
 market value. 
 
 C. S. Bless me! How vulgah ! 
 
 PiL. Your remarks still perplex me, sir, for I was not 
 aware hitherto that your family held rank with the nobility. 
 I remember that your father was once a client of Mr. 
 Mr Swell's ear- Freclove Q-ainc, my father. Was not your 
 ly history. father, sir, Mr. Hardigger Swell, who, in the 
 suburb of Shabbytown, kept an entrepot for all the rag- 
 pickers of Doomsend', and purchased their commodities at 
 divers rates .'' Are you not that son of his whom I used to 
 see in cap and apron engaged iu assorting stock .' If you 
 are, sir, let us speak intelligibly. It would ill become me 
 to disparage any one on account of his descent who bore a 
 icood character, and had pursued an honest calling, however 
 humble his occujiation. 
 
 C. S. To you, sah, I may be the same pusson, but not 
 the same, sah, to San Fastopolis and our cercle, sah. I 
 must be going, sah. Mawning, sah ! 
 
 PiL. Your humble servant, Mr. Swell! Good day ! 
 
 Now I saw that Pilgrim hastened to overtake his 
 companions, and found them watching the operations of 
 a steam paddy, that, with voracious appetite, wa3 gorging 
 itself among the sand hills. He told them of his couversa-
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 75 
 
 tiun, and explained to them the rchition that had subsisted 
 between Mr. Swell and himself in other days, and said that 
 he could not help wondering at the singular affectations and 
 fancies of the man. 
 
 Keep Faith in turn explained that their city now boasted 
 a most select circle of exquisites, whose aristocratic reserve 
 was based on descent from great orators, old heroes, and 
 oi I heroes, first ^^^^ families. Whether there were many 
 oTi'iel'"'ante*c"e'i ^h^^sc line of birth was so well settled and 
 '^*^"'*' clear as that of 3Ir. Swell, he could not affirm. 
 
 But he was sure that few people cared to ask whether a 
 mxn was born in a hovel, a log cabin, or a costly mansion ; 
 and therefore it was possible for one to lay claim to 
 any parentage he pleased, since no one would take the 
 trouble to examine his pretensions. However, he believed 
 it somewhat difficult for a man, on the score of his 
 nncestors, to pass himself off very long for much more than 
 liL' was. People in general did not regard a "first family" 
 man's son as superior to any other man's son, unless 
 he truly was so ; and no one would lose caste by treating 
 tills circle with indifference, or avowing an humble birth, 
 and a life of many struggles with want and depression. Ho 
 said the foppishness and pretense of the circle to which l\Ir 
 Swell belonged were b3coming the laughing stock of 
 the whole city. They were enamored in no slight degree 
 with Paris fashions and French habits ; and carried their 
 affection quite beyond the extent and style of the garments 
 the}' wore. Not a few of them would write most loving 
 letters to the East to sweethearts or wives, while here in 
 A heart of dou- *'^^ Wcst they Were known as gay fellows and 
 bie capacity. jg^oted gallants. And thus they were able to 
 show liow very large their hearts were, in having the
 
 76 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 capacity to love two persons to distraction at the same time, 
 one of them near at hand, the other far over mountain and 
 wave. In i-espect to the proper behavior, social position, 
 and faultless sincerity of the adored one far away they were 
 often painfully solicitous, and constantly on the watch for 
 the least shadow of suspicion, while they seemed rarely to 
 concern themselves, for a moment, about the moral 
 character and social standing of the admired one here. It 
 was a gentlemanly circle indeed, and their conduct who 
 composed it threw a becoming luster over their high 
 breeding, and guileless conduct. 
 
 Pilgrim said he had learned that things began to go 
 Fashions in in Very much the same sort of way in Doomsend 
 
 Vi)g;iie arc old in i r. . n • rm 
 
 Douniscnd. a tew ycars beiorc its destruction, ihcse 
 
 fashions were said to have been fostered, if not introduced, 
 by means of polkas, waltzes, masquerades, private 
 theatricals, curtained boxes, and other such mischievous 
 contrivances as were a delight to the voluptuous. 
 
 Now, by this time, I saw that they were come into 
 the famous Vale of Charms, which was in truth a vale no 
 longer ; the levelers having removed the hills that onc-e 
 formed its northern border, and left the whole scene 
 Happy Valley, exposed to the rough winds and the rude gaze 
 of the town. Here they passed by long rows of cottages, 
 some of them neat, with grass plats and flower beds in front, 
 huddled together in the sand along very narrow streets, as 
 if there were no room to spare for a breathing place out of 
 doors, and every man must be content to snuff" sand on his 
 own square rod. 
 
 Emerging at length into a more open region, they came 
 presently in sight of Rev. Mr. Good Will's house, standing 
 full up against a huge sand bank, ou the southern border.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 77 
 
 lie invited them to enter and refresh themselves. This 
 They regale ^^^J ^^^^ •" ^'^ ^'sc loth to do, fof they werc 
 themselves. vvcary, and their interest had also been some- 
 what awakened by outside coiiipliinents. So they all Avent 
 in and rested, while Martha, the mistress of the house, and 
 her sister, set before them food and drink, which they 
 partook of with much relish and good cheer ; Keep Faith 
 and Stauachnian all the while particularly admiring the 
 conversation of the ladies, and the propriety and grace of 
 their maimers. 
 
 They soon took leave, reluctantly, of their entertainers, 
 Another ciuircii. and went around a hill to a church, standing 
 against a sand bank, well built and well looking, except that 
 the bell was swung under the open sky, on the deck of a 
 half finished tower, awaiting the day when it might ring out 
 a still more joyful note than ever before. Proceeding thence 
 they made their way among hills, and shrubs, and thickets, 
 down into the Vale of Pleasure. This they crossed 
 without stopping, and mounted as quickly as they could a 
 Orphan .Vsyimn. steop hill ; and ouly paused when thoy reached 
 a lone house on the eminence, which had a sign npon it 
 indicating that it was an institution of benevolence and 
 charity. They were admitted and showuj about the 
 establishnjent by the matrons, Patieneo antl Economy. 
 When they were told what sum these ladies received for 
 their earc and pains taking, and on how little the wh )!e 
 w a8 Bupported, they were quite amazed, and began to think 
 there must be some new economieK practiced, and in proper 
 forms too, for the wards of the establishment were not 
 shabbily dres.ssd, nor had they the thin and starved look 
 gometimes so painful to the visitor at similar places. 
 
 After they were through with tlieir visit, and had paid
 
 78 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 their tribute of regard to this institution and i< s managers, 
 they turned to look at the scene below. There were some 
 Pleasant valley, of the lovelicst spots found in the vicinity of 
 San Fastopolis. There were large enclosures, surrounded 
 by very high and close fences, within which were groves, 
 shady walks, shrubbery, vegetables, fruits, and flowers, and 
 much to please the eye and gratify the taste. In the midst 
 of these enclosures were secluded cottages, looking from the 
 height like homes of beauty and goodness, to some of which 
 it was said strangers were never admitted ; tliough Mr. 
 Staunchman, who had traveled in the Levant, repelled the 
 notion that any of them resembled a Turkish harem. 
 
 Now I saw in my dream, when they had gone to some 
 j^nthcr localities, and had completed the tour of the city, and 
 Pilgrim had noted all matters that were of interest to him, 
 as a pilgrim, that he set about an immediate departure for 
 the rural districts, and the provincial towns ; such as he 
 .might be able to visit. 
 
 So all his friends went with him to Signal Height, for 
 bearings, distances, and directions. Thence they proceeded 
 down by the northern beach to the garrison road, and the 
 .'Dipy part com- Vale of Fountains. Here they took affectionate 
 
 ]>anv, and Pil- ••11 
 
 g'rit.i'i sets out. leave of their friend, no longer a stranger, and 
 bade hira God speed. Keep Faith, however, had resolved 
 to go with Pilgrim, and they wished him a pleasant journey, 
 and a profitable one. 
 
 . Thus these two went up from the "^^ile of Fountain.s 
 together, and winding over the hill lost sight of their friends. 
 They had not proceeded far when they came to the decaying 
 Presidio. remnants and mementoes of early times, the old 
 
 barracks of the soldier}', fast tumbling into ruins. As they 
 wore lo(jkiug about the spot, for a few moments, much to
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM, 79 
 
 their surprise, they found a man lying asleep on some 
 blankets in one corner. When aroused, he said that his 
 name was Mark Stoppes ; that he had set out some weeks 
 Mr. Stoppes and *go ^n a sovt of prospectiug tour or pilgrimage, 
 hi8 abode. Ij^j. coming to this spot, and thinking it a pity 
 
 that so good a place for living should remain empty, and at 
 the instance of some friends living near, he had stopped 
 there to wait on Providence, and see what might turn up. 
 It was possible he might yet conclude it was not the best 
 practicable thing for him to go out on a pilgrimage. I*ilgrim 
 was about to solicit his company and urge him to go right on, 
 but Keep Faith whispered to him that it would never do, he 
 knew something of the man's history, he would certainly 
 delay their journey, and it was doubtful, if doing their 
 utmost, they could ever get him through. The best thing 
 to be done for such men was to stir them up, and then set 
 them a good example. Howbeit, as they went onward 
 Mark Stoppes kept pretty close to them for some time, and 
 The old fort. till they came to a road that led, by many a 
 winding, up to a famous old castle, built on the summit of a 
 pile of bleak rocks hanging over the sea. At the mouth of 
 this road, under some scrubby trees, lounged two long faced, 
 lugubrious looking men, who seemed engaged in lamenta- 
 tions over the sins and miseries of the times in general, and 
 of later days and all Bustledom, in particular. Mr. Mark 
 Stoppes introduced these persons as Mr, Other l>avs. and 
 Mr. Doleful Dumps. 
 
 When Pilgrim asked them how they did, what their 
 business was, and why they were found in such a plight ; 
 An old business thcy Said they had become the proprietors, and 
 
 in a new coun- _ t. i j 
 
 "y- were acting as keepers of the castle up yonder. 
 
 Their business was to show it to visitors, get as many
 
 80 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 admirers of it as possible, and obtain such aid as they could 
 in hindering its decay and replenishing their pockets. Their 
 plight could be seen ; their business was rather dull ; and 
 their health was pretty miserable, "thank you." 
 
 On further inquiry, the travelers were informed that the 
 castle was called Castle Ancient, and was inhabited till 
 recently, and had been from time immemorial, by a giant 
 known through the whole country as giant Old Times. A 
 The gold fever few vears aero there was a yellow fever that 
 
 took all to the , , 
 
 "lines. broke out here of a very malignant type, 
 
 which raged like an epidemic through all this region. 
 It carried off all the inhabitants, but a few that were in other 
 ways sickly and feeble, and some lone women. About the 
 same period it was supposed the giant must have fallen into 
 The "iant's ske- * decliuc ; and having neither doctor nor 
 
 ^'°"" nurse, must finally have died of neglect and 
 
 starvation. At all events his huge skeleton was found 
 by themselves, lying in one of the eaves of the castle, and 
 might there have remained uncared for and unknown, but 
 for their benevolent zeal, and disinterested endeavors. 
 They had resolved to make the castle, and were now trying 
 A shrino for nil- ^^ niake it, a shriuc for pilgrims, and a place 
 '^'^""^' of resort for the lovers of the old and the 
 
 venerable, and the admirers of the antique ; and they were 
 strongly in hope they might gain a livelihood by the contri- 
 butions of visitors. 
 
 Mr. Other Days said he had been an inhabitant of 
 the country for many years. It was not as it used to be. 
 Some called the difference thn march of improvement ; he 
 called it the progress of evil. Once the people were all of 
 The aiiciont re- ^"^^ ^^J ^^ thinking about society, religion, 
 "'""'■ and morals. The country was large and there
 
 THE CALIFOHNIA PILGRIM. 81 
 
 was room enough for every body. There was no dispute 
 about laud titles, and no troublesome ''squatters." The 
 farms were immense. There were plenty of Indians to look 
 after the stock, and raise some acres of wheat and barley. 
 3Ien and woman had nothing else to do than ride as many 
 horses as they pleased and enjoy themselves as they liked. 
 There would be a pic-nie or a grand fandango somewhere 
 every week or two. After mass, Sunday was a fine day for 
 sport. Horse races, bull fights, cock fights, card tables, and 
 aguardiente, were always plenty and never out of order. 
 The Missions were in good condition, and were like the 
 borders of Paradise, open to all who would share their 
 bounties, and there were thousands of Indians to keep them 
 in shape. Keep Faith in(pured of him if it were not true 
 that the country had been declining, in almost every respect, 
 from the time he first came to it. Mr. Other Days was not 
 Decline admit- billing to aduiit that such was the case. He 
 '^''' would only allow that the Missions had been all 
 
 the while running down. But he thouglit that fact might 
 be accomited for, by attributing their decline to (juarrels 
 among the grandees of the country, which of them should 
 be the greatest. This was not strange. Such an event 
 once occurred among tlie chosen disciples of the Lord. 
 
 One Mr. Wide Awake now rode up to the company on a 
 .spirited and fleet horse, and he reined in to hear the conver- 
 sation. He had met Mr. Other Pays before. 
 
 But, said Keep Faith, how was it with manufactures, 
 arts, schools, learning, and science .' Were these in a 
 flourishing state, and were they exerting a healthful and 
 benign influence ou the people, and tending all the while to 
 elevate them ? 
 
 0. D. They were not very many nor very flourishing,
 
 82 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Primitive socie- Sir. But tliis was a primitive people and did 
 
 ty Happy with- 
 out innovations, not need them. iney were happy without 
 
 them. Such thinors misht have done them as much harm 
 
 as good. 
 
 K. F. That last remark is a mere guess of yours. The 
 main facts were as I supposed. Most of the people lived 
 iu rather poor houses ; wrought but little ; ate tortillas and 
 beef; rode races, and went to fandangos ; and, on the whole, 
 led indolent lives, and were lacking in enterprise. 
 
 Mr. Doleful Dumps said he should not try to be wise 
 about the state of things under the old reign ; he came 
 hither at the beginning of the new, and the new was bad 
 enough in all conscience. From what he had read and 
 heard, he once imagined that this must be the picture land 
 of his dreams from his boyhood, and it was thus invested 
 with almost every attraction and beauty. He came hither, 
 and brought a large company of selected men with him, and 
 Outline of a paid nearly all the expenses. They M'ere 
 
 grand company 
 
 scheme. expecting to shovel up a few cart loads of gold 
 
 dust to put in their vaults, and then they were all going to 
 settle down in some fine valley, and flourish together iu one 
 community, with himself at its head ; while every thing 
 would go on smoothly and prosperously, and the world would 
 look on their contented lot and rising greatness with 
 admiration. 
 
 But, what would not human beings do ? No sooner were 
 they here than his men nearly all deserted him, and went 
 this way and that. He had to get along as he could, by 
 paying extra wages to tliose who even consented to remain 
 at all. He had been to the mines and shoveled many a cart 
 A long and doio- l«ad, but it was far enough from being gold. 
 
 st'jry' Hq iim^j traded larg<'ly ; and then his customers
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 83 
 
 ran off withmit pvylri:; tlieir debts. He had tried a rancho, 
 but the drouth pincliod somo of his crops, and the competi- 
 tion brought tho price of what produce he had down to 
 nothing, lie had owned a steamboat, and that blew up. 
 He had shipped sand from (jold Bhift,-and that did not pay 
 its freight. IIo liad run for office, and g)t beaten. He had 
 .'!peculate({ in lands, and the " squatters" took them. He 
 had bought water lots, and found there were three owners 
 to each whose titles antedated his. He had loaned money, 
 and lost it by failures, fires, and rascalities Now his stocks 
 were all run down to a figure lower than that at which he 
 bought them up. In fact, there was nothing in the country 
 which a respectable man could turn his hand to that 
 promised to reward his pains. 
 
 Mr. Wide Awake said he thought a man of perseverance 
 and enterprise, with some grit in his composition, content 
 with reasonable gains, had still a chance of golden success. 
 
 D. D. No, sir ! That's the old story. I can C(jntra- 
 dict it. The whole country is a sham. It contradicts 
 itself. You can rely on nothing. 
 
 W. A. On nothing but yourself. That ought to do. 
 
 I>. I). No, it won't do. The climate is never right. 
 On climate s a- '-There are no two places alike. It is always 
 tionJ, an'd"n"u- ^o^ '"^^ or too cold, too wct or too dry, toO 
 ''**'*• antiseptic or too malarious, too debilitating or 
 
 too bracing. You don't know what to plant and sow, nor 
 when seedtime is, nor wlien harvest will come. You don't 
 know what you will raise, nor how to take care of what is 
 raised, nor when to sell what you have got, nor if your coin 
 won't depreciate when you chance to get any. The fires 
 will burn you out ; the floods will drown you out ; the Indians 
 will steal you out ; the speculators will rob you out and out j
 
 84 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 and the State tax will take all that is left. Such a country 
 it is ! 
 
 W. A, You are getting excited, sir ! Stop and breathe ! 
 
 D. D. And, besides, you can't really say that city, 
 county, or state is worth one straw ; for the office holders 
 set the people at defiance, and manage all the funds they 
 can get hold of as they please ; and they will retire from _ 
 their posts when their fortunes are made, and it shall please 
 them to do so. If you talk about turning them out, and 
 hint that election is coming, they shake their fists in your 
 face, and threaten to bankrupt you, and ruin the credit of 
 city, county, and state, if you do not let them alone, or 
 How offices are promise to reelect them. You have to oifer 
 
 held and man- . ^ rr 
 
 aged. them large salaries to get tliem to take omce ; 
 
 and then they whine to have their salaries raised till you 
 give them all sorts of extras and pickings ; and every little 
 while you have to appropriate largely iu money to buy them 
 off from an abuse of trust, or other rascality. A pretty 
 country it is where public men make it their aim to get a 
 private fortune out of any office, and are not thought sharp 
 unless they do, whether they attend to the duties of their 
 stations or not ; that bjing este3m3d a very minor 
 c-onsideration 
 
 W. A. You are rather severe, my friend ! You must 
 have suffered at somebody's luinds. Has any ono been 
 Weeding you .' 
 
 D. D. They've done nothing else for three years ; the 
 whole posse of them from the Governor down. They're all 
 blood suckers. 
 
 K. F. Mr. Dumps, let us change the subject a little. 
 Thcvrh.-in"ethe I*' scems to mo that it uiust b2 a poculiar 
 '" ■'*'^'' satisfaction to one in your condition and fraiuG
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 85 
 
 of mind, to have a Sabbath come with its quiet and its 
 serenity, and V> be aide to go to churcli, to i^abbath school, 
 to prayer meeting, and to have intercourse \Tith christiiins, 
 in the inidst of christian society. 
 
 D. 1). It may be a satistUctlon to kno\r tllc're are such 
 institutions in existence here; Heaven knows there never 
 was such need of them any where on the face of the earth 
 before. Some may hke to attend on these, sudi as they be, 
 but I don't go to them very often. They are not the right 
 stamp for me. There is a deal of nlodi^rninm about them, 
 ThD preaching '''"'^ ^^^ much cnthusiafeiu, and wild fire, and 
 does not suit. manology, and preaching every thing, and 
 naturalism, and all that. 
 
 K. F. 13 ut you would have nothing 'unnatural in 
 churches, would you .' Churches oilght to keep up with the 
 tunes, nnd preaching should be adapted to circumstances. 
 
 J). D. I have been brought ilp to think that truth and 
 religion are always the same, and I think so, and I don't 
 The old is bet- Want to hear new tangled preaching, nor sec 
 ^^'' these new fashioned things. I believe in the 
 
 good old ways. 
 
 K. F. So you should. You are right in part. Abso- 
 lute truth can not change. Religion in spirit and essence is 
 the same always. But, in the view of men, truth will 
 undergo many modifications ; and religion will develop in 
 various forms, during ages of time. Abraham held to truth 
 and believed, in his day ; but Peter believed much more 
 truth than did Abraham, and was a good deal modernized as 
 compared with Abraham, because he sat at Christ's feet, 
 and had his views enlarged and new truths revealed to him. 
 It is possible that in our day there may be those whose riewa 
 of some truths are clearer than were those of Peter.
 
 3v 
 
 86 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRM-- • '"•\ 
 
 In tbe elucidation of principles and doctra\9s, in the 
 manner of applying them, in niod.^s of illustration and 
 In what there argument, and in many similar things, the 
 maybe progress- ^hurches may and must progress with the 
 advancing ages. And while truth can not be altered, it 
 may be adapted, and our views of it may be very much 
 enlightened and improved. Calvin was wiser than 
 Chrysostom. Bunyan's Pilgiim, and my friend, here, the 
 Pilgrim, are the same in spirit, and bound to the same 
 country, but they are not in all particulars alike. That 
 were impossible, in such different times and countries. 
 
 D. D. I have only now got sight of this Pilgrim. I 
 wish him well, I am su'*e. It is a strange country he 
 sojourns in, I am certified. Speaking of ministers, there 
 Dr. Bookdust. was my old pastor Dr. Bookdust, as up and 
 down a man as ever walked an aisle, and sound as a roach, 
 he always preached a regular doctrinal sermon every Sunday 
 forenoon, and only varied that by lectures on the catechism. 
 He was a remarkably sound preacher. But when did I ever 
 iiomparisons. hear a doctrinal sermon, or an exposition of the 
 catechism in this bad land .' In fact nobody preaches like 
 Dr. Bookdust, nor prays like him, nor dresses so properly, 
 nor looks so divinely. No choir sings like his choir, no 
 Sabbath school is so large, and so interesting as his ; and 
 then every congregation here looks so out of sorts ; and 
 what churches they have to meet in. They are all poor 
 affairs. 
 
 K. F. But, you forget, sir, what country you are in, 
 and how — 
 
 D. D. No, I don't ! That is just what I'm thinking of 
 all the while. 
 
 K. F. Well, you forget what obstacles and hindrances
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 87 
 
 there are in the Way of the ministers anl churches here ; 
 Not tn be rash in ^^'^ '^^'^^ considerations as surely ought to 
 censure. make you slow to censure and condemn thejn. 
 
 The evils of the times and the state of society are such as to 
 compel the clergymen to preach almost solely, for the 
 present, against public misdoings and social vices. And 
 hence, in. part, arises the apparent neglect of that sort of 
 preaching you admire. Perhaps, after all, these preachers 
 have some perceptions of things, and observe keenly, and 
 they may be wiser in their choice of subjects, and in the 
 modes of presenting them, than you imagine. 
 
 D. D. But don't they " secularize" the pulpit by 
 preaching about Journalism and Japan, Shade trees and 
 The pulpit in Cemeteries, Common Councils and Chinese, 
 danser. Lsgislators and Public measurei .' I djn't 
 
 want to hear anything but the pure gospel. 
 
 K. F. Can the principles of the gospel have too broud 
 an application .- Ought not ministers to enforce them upon 
 men in every calling, and desire to have them govein the 
 conduct in every possible sphere of action } There is nothing 
 unfit to be preached about which the gospel ought to modify, 
 though too much prominence may be given to matters of 
 small importance. This fear of secularizing the pulpit is an 
 Pocuiarizingtho old bugbear. The Roman Catholics thought 
 
 pulpit in early . ... 
 
 ti'"e.s. Luther and his compeers did it in their day ; 
 
 and that they secularized the Bible, too, by putting it into the 
 hands of the common people. In England the established 
 church thought the Puritans were lowering the pulpit and 
 degrading religion. In the time of our Revolution the 
 lories and others thought the pulpit was secularized by 
 sermons on liberty, equality, and human rights, and such 
 fiery eloquence as would inflame a congregation with zeal
 
 88 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 for Congress and the army, and set the whole town on a 
 blaze. But the pulpit had survived all such "secularizing," 
 and could hardly be injured by any similar endeavor to apply 
 the gospel to the times, and to men as they ai'e, in this lato 
 day. Men must be preached to where they are to be found, 
 as well as where they ought to be. 
 
 Pilgrim said he thought Paul was orthodox and sound, 
 though he did write and preach about going to law, duties 
 to government, industry, thrift, enterprise, keeping house, 
 wearing the hair and dress, and taking meals, and making 
 PiWrim closes t^nts, and Sending newsmen, and taking care 
 ihe^discussion. ^f ^^^-^.^ ^^^ parchments, and other secular 
 
 affiiirs. Paul's method of preaching was right at men; 
 while his methods of approach differed widely. He thouglit 
 if the ministers here would do the same, the doctrines and 
 the seculars need not give them anxiety. They would come 
 in for their proper shares of attention, and at proper times. 
 He believed men needed urging to do right, just now, rather 
 than instruction in matters of doctrine. They were rather 
 perverse than ignorant. He liked a free use of motives 
 with men so inclined to depart from the ways of wisdom. 
 
 Keep Faith said it was time for them to go forward. Mr. 
 Other Days, Mr. Dumps, and Mr. Stoppes urged them to 
 They decline gc- go up and SCO the castlc. But Pilgrim said 
 
 ing up to the ^ i- /. , 
 
 castle. they would probabl}" meet with relics of the 
 
 past^ and find mementoes of the giant Old Times, elsewhere, 
 and SO they had no need to go up to Castle Ancient to see 
 his skeleton. 
 
 Wide Awake said, in an undertone, that the toe nails 
 they sold up there were rather too much like the scales of 
 fishes ; and where they got all the bones he did not know, 
 but he had seen big whale ribs down the coast.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 89 
 
 The fog was coming on thick. Keep Faith buttoned his 
 coat, said good day, and Pilgrim also, and they turned down 
 a sandy path through a scijuestcred valley, whose sides were 
 covered with a growth of stinted, gnarled, and crooked 
 trees. As they went they sang a song of the olden tune, 
 but its close was with a refrain of 
 
 '' The good, the beautiful, the true, 
 E'er fresh, e'er young, and ever new." 
 
 They now came out ixpon an ill assorted collection of 
 \notiicr relic of ^louscs in the vicinity of an old, tumble down, 
 the past. adobe church, standing at one corner of a sort 
 
 of hollow square of low, adobe sheds and compartments, 
 while at the opposite corner there was a hotel kept, or 
 rather, a bar room, and not much else. They inquired of 
 one standing near the tavern, who wore a very small hat — 
 there were others about that carried something heavy in 
 their hats — what place this was. 
 
 He said it had various names, but Sprecquarter was the 
 right one ; and this quarter was connected by a plank road 
 A quarter much "^'^^^^ ^an Fastopolis. If any of the city people 
 in vogue. wanted to have a private knock down, a 
 
 Sunday drunk, a spue out, a horse race, a bull bait, 'a 
 general smash up, or set to, of any sort, they would come 
 out there to avoid scandal. It was nothing accounted of to 
 be wild like, and caperish, and get blowed in Sprecquarter ; 
 in fact the b'hoys made it very respectable ; but, if you 
 wei'e'nt used to it, you would be dumfoundered to see 
 what city gentlemen and officers of government could do, in 
 the way of a spree, in this quarter. 
 
 Keep Faith now inquired if the field of honor were out 
 here, where gentlemen came to settle their difficulties by
 
 90 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 duels. Yes, said a by stander, the very place. But late 
 they've come so boften and made such ninnies bof then-. 
 selves, they've run the thing hinto the ground Just so 
 tbey 'ave in Hingland. Sir, I'm a Hinglisbman. A snob 
 bin my country is one who tries to be lia haristocrat and 
 can't, for want bof breeding. Now the Luunun Times says 
 duelling is snobbish ; and what the Times says the haris- 
 Engiishmen on tocracy say, and what the nobility say his law 
 duelling. ^Qj. ninglisb society ; therefore, sir, duelling his 
 
 snobbish there, and I think hit looks habout the same 'ere, 
 only worse. 
 
 At that moment Mr. Wide Awake's horse was seen 
 ajDpvoaching at a rapid gait. He came to a stand on being 
 spoken to by the company. And then they saw who it was 
 that had been crying, whoa, whoa ! It was Mr. Dumps, 
 who had dropped the reins and was clinging to the 
 pummel of the saddle. He had borrowed the horse in order 
 to come on and tell Pilgrim that it was no matter about his 
 not going up to the castle, and that he had better not 
 A description vcnture furtlicr than that precinct till to- 
 and a warning, sorrow; for beyond, the road was narrow 
 hoviseless, hilly, lonely, long, mean, sandy, and tiresome, 
 and the country bordering it was hard, gvassless, treeless, 
 comfortless, and infested ; and so, pretty much of a piece 
 with all the rest of the country and everybocly in it. He 
 was sorry for Pilgrim, but thought it fiiir to give him this 
 warning. Pilgrim thanked him, but told him he had not 
 been so improvident as to set out without some chart of the 
 road in his pocket. 
 
 However, as there was truth in what Mr. Dumps said, 
 and as it was toward night, the travelers concluded to pass 
 the night in that quarter. After they had gone about,
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM 91 
 
 talking with various persons and seeing what they coulJ, 
 they souglit a place of rest, and were shown into one of the 
 apartments in the low range of adobes. Their blankets 
 were spread upon the floor. The room in all its appoir.t- 
 Lowiy couches, msnts was chccrless enough. The dogs and 
 pigs rattled the door. Cold footed animals drew long 
 appendages acro.ss their faces. Vermin, that have an odor 
 of universality about them, made their offense rank, and 
 smelled, as they quarrelled about taking their turns. Others 
 of a nimbler sort, said to resemble the elephant in form, 
 played ''hop, skip, and jump" over them, and danced 
 pirouettes, stopping quite often for refreshments. The 
 Xoche de do- wind wiiistled, and the fog drove through 
 '"''''°" whore the windows should have been. So 
 
 tliey slept but little. 
 
 "When it was just day light u man witJi a snuffy face, a 
 smutty gown, and a skull cap, came in, and said he was 
 collecting bills, and they must pay a dollar each for lodging. 
 Keep Faith said it was a round price for so pointed an 
 experience. They had had a doleful night without Mr. 
 Dumps, and it was some satisfaction that no night was so 
 long it was not morning at sun rise. 
 
 MORAL. 
 
 Mr. Dumps is a type man. He represents a certain class 
 among us. He never had much hope ; he has now lost all 
 courage. He once thought to realize a fancy picture from 
 dream life. Failing in that, he has become morose and 
 cynical. He has not thought there might be happiness in 
 something short of the accomplishment of his plans. He 
 has deemed his life a failure, and his efforts useless, because 
 thev were not crowned witli immediate success. He has
 
 '■92 
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 forgotten that there Is design in the discipline of Hfe ; and 
 that Providence so orders it, that the noblest energies and 
 finest schemes often miscarry ; or rather, that they succeed 
 by failure. He has not been willing to accept any good 
 short of the fancied one. He ^^laced the whole good of 
 living in the attainment of wealth, case, and comfort ; 
 whereas the ends of life are not thus compassed. There is 
 a joy in action, in enterprise, in aggression, in minor 
 achievment, in subduing nature, in self conquest, though 
 the special object striven for be not gained. Good may be 
 done, the world blessed by our endeavors, though our 
 personal aims be not reached. Tliough our powers be unequal 
 to our purposes, while we exert them right earnestly we do not 
 live and labor in vain. 
 
 It pains us to see a man of fine genius, noble talents, and 
 vast knowledge, dwelling secluded in some wooded vale, 
 passing his time in indolence, and letting his powers run to 
 waste, because the rough atmosphere of active life chills 
 him, and the noise and stir of the busy world jar his 
 sensibilities, and toil and strife irk him. He is out of place. 
 The world has need of him. Providence calls him. But 
 he flics from cares and struggles, and shirks responsibility. 
 He is faithless to his destiny. 
 
 Be it ours not to imitate him, even in our little measure. 
 Let duty i^erve tis. Let hope animate us. Let courage 
 strengthen us. Our resolute will and our earnest endeavor 
 will achieve, though we fall short of our aim. A fancied 
 happiness striven for, as an end, we may miss ; but as 
 incidental to our noble exertions and our proper state of 
 mind, we may have joy enough. Heaven will approve.
 
 LECTURE Y 
 
 Then I saw iu my dvcaiu, that vcr}' early in the 
 nionihig, Pilgrim and Keep Faith set out on their 
 journey from Sprcoquarter, and the Dolorous Mission, 
 toward divers places more sainted than saintly. 
 
 They passed along among bare and lonely hills, between^ 
 which, in sheltered nooks, grew some stinted shrubbery. 
 A region with- Now and then tlu^re was a spot in sight where 
 
 out :i neigliliur- . . , i • i i i • • 
 
 hood. Civilized man had tried to make a habitation 
 
 and a home, but in most instances without much success, it 
 seemed, from the total absence of any sign of life. And as 
 Pilgrim drew his cloak around his neck and face, he thought 
 there miglit be some penetrating force of dissuasion iu tho 
 i-aw, chill winds, and dense fogs, that went by in banks and 
 drifts, now concealing the morning sun, and now half 
 showing his pale and melancholy face. 
 
 They had gone some miles without saying much to each 
 other, for their teeth almost chattered, and their eyes kept 
 them in mind of the sleep they did not have at the Dolorous 
 ^Mission. Ijut now they encountered a human being. Ho 
 was half reclining on the sunny side, when there was any 
 A temporary ^^^^j of the hill, under the lee of three planks, 
 shelter. j.^|j ^^^ against a pole on crotches, and open
 
 94 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 toward the road. He liad on a huge l.rown overcoat, a 
 prey cap, and woolen mittens. His hair was grizzly, and he 
 Lad been shaved some time within the memory of man. 
 
 He hailed Pilgrim and Keep Faith, but without getting 
 Puisuitofknow- ''^•P liiiiiself, and asked where they were going, 
 '®''^^' if they were not tired, and if they did'nt Avant 
 
 a chance of speculationizing. They halted, and told him 
 they were mere pilgrims, and were only anxious to get on as 
 ast as tlicir strength and aims would allow. 
 
 He said he was'nt a stationer himself, only a temporal. 
 
 This was not his house, only his look out. He was lying 
 
 Autoiiioprapiiy ^^ ^^^' customei'S. His name was Fortunatus 
 
 ofMr. F. Wait. ^;\T^[^ jjg ^j^g ^ science man, eddycated in 
 
 Smatterboro Institute, and was made for doing headwork. 
 He never had done anything else he was so good at. He 
 had always been very poor, as inventionists and science men 
 were, mostly, except in the stove line. He had come to 
 California to turn his extraordinary powers and attainments 
 ^nto that very bfiso, but very useful article, money. He 
 Scientific attain- ""dcrstood conchology, goology, minerology, 
 "'""'*• botanies, coniicals, etc, uncommon well — also 
 
 smelting, tractors, and divining rods, Though he said it, 
 there was'nt a seientifieker man in these parts, and he 
 persumed it would come out so some day, not fur oft". 
 
 He had been .stirring about the country three years ; but 
 every time he was on the eve of a fine fortune, he got 
 tripped up, or let through, by some vafecal undermining him, 
 and calling him a humbug, and getting up a l.uiia against 
 him. From one town, tliough he told it, he cavno out with 
 An escort and a somo ado. For a committee of citizens, and a 
 ree ticket. company he had been experimenting for, 
 
 waited on him, and proffered him the honor of a ride. A
 
 THE CALfFOR.VIA PILGRIM. 95 
 
 krge escort took biui out of the town, which was rather a 
 pleasant feature of the aflFair ; but the vehicle they rode him 
 on was too long and narrow for comfort, with some splinters 
 about it, but nothing to hold on by. 
 
 It was of no conscqucuoc, however ; men liad been 
 martyrated to science bcfor-j, and he could'nt hope to avoid 
 wholly the common fate. It proved his brotherhood with 
 A member of the ^^^ great circle of the scientifieks. But now, 
 
 circle of science, j^^ g^jj^ jf j^^ ^.^^^jj ^^|y g,^^j ^ customer, he 
 
 had the sure thing on 'em, and they inight laugh at him, or 
 rail at him ; a " pocket fall of rocks" was better than their 
 compliments. 
 
 Keep Faith, observing his capacious pockets, said they 
 were not wanting in rooks now, apparently. Perhaps, 
 however, they were not tho right sort. He said, not yet ; 
 but he would explain 'em. They were speciments he 
 carried to show customers. He had a house over two 
 miles toward the coast. He lived there. He was on 
 A cluster of somebody's land ; but that was no matter now. 
 
 quarries and . , . , , f ■ 
 
 mines. He was in the mi*lst ot a nest of mines. He 
 
 had a stono quarry, of red sand stone ; a silver mine ; a 
 mine of lead ore ; and a i|uicksilvcr vein ; and, only a little 
 way off, extensive coal beds. He had discovei'cd them all 
 How discovered, witli the help of pcucli twigs, tractors, and 
 divining rods. He had prospected them too. Of course, it 
 was an object to him to keep the matter still, and watch 
 them close. He had no doubt tho original fjuntain of 
 quicksilver was up that way, and by digging to it, it would 
 gush out in a stream, needing only funnels and flasks, to 
 prepare it for market. And it would'nt surprise him if the 
 sandstone quarry, traced far enough, turned into quartz 
 rock, bearing gold. There never was such a plaoe in tiis
 
 96 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 For sale or to world before. He would sell out for a 
 ^^'' hundred thousand dollars ; or he would take 
 
 the right kind of a man into pavtneiship with fifty 
 thousand, and divide even ; or he would allow any body to 
 work the mines, for a six months term, on shares ; the 
 persons undertaking it to find themselves and hhn, and 
 allow him one half the profits. 
 
 So he unloaded his pockets, and there were his sandstone. 
 The specimens, his coal, his lead Ore, and his cinnabar. Keep 
 Faith said the specimens were fine, so far as he was 
 competent to judge, but he would rather see just where 
 they came from. Pilgrim said they had no use for 
 fortunes, and could not lose time by going to see any mines, 
 or hills of lucre. He had read also of one Demas and his 
 silver mine, where one Bycnds and others, got something 
 more than their feet in, and he was rather suspicious. Keep 
 Faith was of the same mind, and as they were quite rested 
 Mr Wait a^ain ^J ^^'^'^^ time, they moved on, leaving Mr. 
 in his solitude, pol.t^natus Wait waiting for a chance to 
 realize his fortune. 
 
 The country did not interest them exceedingly, nor did 
 they meet many persons that seemed in talking mood. And, 
 besides, nearly all they did find were on horses or mules, 
 and rushed by them, kicking up a great dust. Pilgrim 
 said it was all on a par with the most of this great Avorld. 
 The lot of such P^oplc ou foot must jog on as they could ; 
 as go afoot. there were few that would stop long enough 
 to uiquire of those afoot about their health, and journey, 
 and prospects ; and fewer still, who would ever volunteer to 
 go on foot, and let the wayfarers ride awhile. However, 
 they Avere sure to be through in good time, and they went
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 97 
 
 iu mueli safety, and had their share of good cheer, as they 
 trudged along. 
 
 All the afternoon they had been traveling where there 
 The trpps aions were low trcos ; and those few were low and 
 
 tlie road and • , i • t • i t • 
 
 their shapes. ungainly, leaning Last, With great proclivity; 
 looking as if they had been backing into a storin for the last 
 half century. They had evidently been smoothed into 
 shape, if shape it were, by the rough wings of all the 
 terrible wind.-i that came whistling and roaring from the 
 ocean. 
 
 Thoy arrived at length at the old mission out po.st uf St. 
 One silting at Mattlicw, where they saw one sitting at the 
 
 the roceipl of -r-, i t i 
 
 custom receipt of custom. But he did not resembic 
 
 the Matthew of their veneration ; and there were numbers 
 of bottles and decanters ranged along behind him, and he 
 received custom of so many red nosed men, as they judged, 
 that they suspected neither he nor they would go with them 
 on pilgrimage, if aslced ; nor make good companions if they 
 should go, they would get so very dry in sight of a public 
 hou.'c. So they went on without stopping. 
 
 Coming now to a region more level, and a pleasantcr 
 tract of country, they saw a good sized house, not far off, 
 where there were children about, and, as it was almost 
 night, they thought they might lodge there. As they came 
 near, however, they found the pigs quartei-ed in front of the 
 
 A rather modern l^O^^^C. A loose plank On blocks was tho 
 
 ranchu. stepping stouc. A womau with broom in hand 
 
 was shoo-shooing the chickens out of the house, and they 
 saw her as she came thus to the door. She was not old, 
 but wrinkled and haggard, with nose and chin sharp, and 
 not very far asunder, her eye brows hanging over, and hor 
 eyes restless. Her hair, thin and dark, had tumbled from
 
 98 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 A matron and '^^^ fastenings, and hung down her neck ; and 
 housekeeper. ^iq^ bluc calico gown had not been made up in 
 Paris, nor recently been under the flat iron ; and her feet 
 were shoeless. As the two climbed over the lail fence, the 
 children gathered around, and opened all the eyes they had. 
 Tlie lady of the mansion met them at the door. Keep 
 Faith inquired for the man of tho house. She said he was 
 milking, but if they wanted anything, she could settle the 
 matter with them. Pilgrim said they were foot travelers 
 and were in quest of lodgings. She said they did'nt keep 
 No lodgings to folks, it was'ut always safe ; though goodness 
 ''^ '"''*■ knew she'd nothing for them to steal. She 
 
 had'nt any beds for them ; there was no floor over head but 
 some loose boards in one corner, and the children slept on 
 them. There was'nt any bread in the house, and Ichabod 
 had kept putting off going for flour. (As Ichabod came in 
 with the milk, she sent Ichabod to build up a fire, and put 
 on some water, and wash some potatoes.) She said she 
 had been in California bettor than a year, and such a 
 country ! They called this valley like Italy. She hoped it 
 Distresses and ^^'^^- ^^^^ wjshed tho Italians had it. She 
 I'^unted wiTh wished sho was out of it ; she never did want 
 vehemence. ^^ come ; but lohabod over persuaded her. 
 She would make him tired of it ; she was not going to stay 
 here. There were no gardens, no orchards, no fields, no 
 woods, no women, no visiting, and no stores. You could 
 only stay in the sunshine and dirt. (She now sent Ichabod 
 An obedient ^'^ ^^^^^ ^V ^^^^ hiii\s to keep tliem from the 
 husband, coyotes, and then to come and wash the 
 
 children's faces, and try and find something to stop tho pigs 
 from squealing.) She said, if they wanted to, they might 
 come into the house, only sho was just going to sweep ; it
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 90 
 
 was sucli a cnuntry a body novor got through with Ler work. 
 She was not goini^ to like the country. She was always 
 (leterrained she wowhl not. She did'nt care for money, nor 
 anything else ; live horn she would'nt. It was worse than 
 73otany Jhiy. She did'nt take a husband to go to the ends 
 of creation with him. She was silly for ever coming with 
 him at all. She did'nt care who knew it ; she could'nt 
 keep it in, and she would'nt ; she'd tell everybody she saw 
 Determination ^^'^'^ ^^^'^- f^n'iinta Ncttlcs was not going to 
 " ' e wi I. ij^.^ ji^ g^j^.jj ^ country ! She was going home 
 
 in the spring, and Mr. Ichabod Nettles could go, or not, as 
 lie pleased ; but she would just like to see him undertake 
 to stay when she wished to start. 
 
 By this time it was growing dark, but there was a fine 
 full moon, and Keep Faith had already retreated into the 
 The travelers re- street; SO Pilrrrim told Mrs. Nettles he thought 
 
 tire ftom the i i • i i i • i 
 
 scene. they would give her too much trouble if they 
 
 remained, and bade her good night, just as she was ordering 
 Ichabod to get the dishes on the table, and see if the tea- 
 kettle boiled. 
 
 Now I saw in my dream that the two travelers passed on 
 in silence till they were far from the house. At length 
 auestions and l^ilgnm asked Keep Faith if he were thinking 
 RDsivers. Q^ anything. He replied that he was just 
 
 asking himself if it were possible that Lofs wife was like 
 Mrs. Nettles ; and, if so, whether he really lost much when 
 he got to Zoar without her, Pilgi-ira said he never thought 
 of trying to settle such questions. He knew there many 
 sorts of people, and room for them all, in the world ; and 
 we could choo.sG our lot for ourselves, pretty much, so far as 
 Judge uot. our associates were concerned. He did not
 
 100 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 condemn any one's peculiarities ; we all had enough to spoil 
 us in the eyes of somebody. 
 
 Providence had a design in the existence of all creatures, 
 and of every species ; though, occasionally, it was difficult 
 for mortals to see why these and those animals lived at all. 
 
 They had traveled on an hour or more, when they saw a 
 A liKht on tiicir lig'^t glimmering through the leaves from 
 ''^"'" some distant window ; for they were now come 
 
 where there were beautiful groves of live oaks, deciduous 
 oaks, beeches, and other trees. They approached it. As 
 they came near, they found a neat, painted, cottage under a 
 spreading tree. There was a paling fence around it ; and 
 oven the moonlight showed some dahlias, and other flowers, 
 growing in the door yard. They knocked, and the door 
 was opened by a hale looking man of thirty ; ruddy and 
 cheerful faced. He asked them in. They said they were 
 They gain ad- belated, aud wanted lod2;inQ;s. Your faces 
 
 niiltance to a o o 
 
 cottaye. and manners speak well for you, said he. 
 
 Come in ! we will care for you. So they told him their 
 names, and whither they were bound. He was more glad 
 than before, and said that he was Jonathan Makebest, from 
 Litchfield I [ills. Aud then he hastened to introduce them 
 to his wife Theodosia. 
 
 The f-.uuily were just through with tea; but it was only 
 the work of a few minutes to put things in order again. 
 nrushes and ab- Meantime, Mr. Makebest had them out of the 
 ""*""■ door, and shook their garments and brushed 
 
 away the dust, and supplied them with water and napkins ; 
 and when they came m, they found the boot jack and 
 some easy shoes put right in their way. So they ate their 
 supper with a keen relish, and a hearty good will, feeling 
 very much at home, and delighted with the cheerful aspect
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 101 
 
 of everything. Their coining seemed to make neither ado, 
 A pleasant ev- ^^^' confusion ; and they passed the evening 
 '^"'"°' delightfully togethev. They read, and prayed, 
 
 and sang, and retired early ; for the pilgrims were weary. 
 
 They arose with the sun, and were surprised to find tl>c 
 
 breakfiist on the table, and the smiling hostess ready to 
 
 The morning wclcome them. It was morning now, and 
 
 and the cottage 
 
 queen. ■ they could sec her well, bhe was almost 
 queenly in her beauty, though her eyes were rather large. 
 Tier face was flushed with exercise, and her arms were par- 
 tially bare. The exceeding neatness and taste shown in 
 her person and dress, were but patterns of everything about 
 her house. When their repast was ended, and they had 
 offered their morning devotions, IMr. Makebest informed the 
 travelers that he was going with his team to the Capital 
 Pueblo, and he would be happy to set them forward on 
 their journey, if they could take up with his accommoda- 
 tions. They said they would ride with him, and with many 
 thanks. 
 
 While the vehicle was preparing, Pilgrim returned to 
 inquire of Mrs. Theodosia if her situation pleased her. She 
 A conversation ^aid, nouc better. 8he was indeed far from 
 ''^"""- home and kindred ; but we must soon part 
 
 with our friends, even if we lived by their side. She was 
 deprived of many privileges ; but it would not long be so ; 
 and it was surprising how easily we could forego many of 
 them, when we set out heartily to do it. She had few con- 
 veniences ; but those would be supplied as soon as they 
 were very generally in demand. She had few associates, 
 but there was so much to do, the time went rapidly by. 
 She enjoyed the climate much, and she had great hope of
 
 102 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Her speech is the countrv at krjre. It was her duty to be 
 
 with grace x ?ea- . _ 
 
 soned with salt. With her chc scn Companion ; and in duty was 
 happiness, whether suffering or enjoying. She should deem 
 it extremely out of character, an ill grace, and a selfishness 
 iu her, to make her preference, or her personal happiness 
 the turning point iu any matter. Mr. Makebest thought it 
 best to be here ; she did not oppose ; she would not in any 
 case. ]3ut, happily, she felt no disposition to do so. She 
 was content. She complained of nothing. She was glad to 
 be here ; to act nobly a woman's part, if she could ; and do 
 A work for wo. ^ho work wliich all agreed her sex ought to do, 
 laan to o. .^^.^j must do, for the countjy, or it would go 
 
 to ruin. If yhc could be true to her household, agreeable 
 in all her social relations, and f lithfnl to her Christian vows, 
 her highest ambition would be fulfilkd. And she knew that 
 thus her life would pass happily, and be spent far more 
 usefully, than in any other land ; and so she was content. 
 
 Tears of admiration moistened the Pilgrim's eyes, as he 
 paid the noble woman he saw before him a choice and del- 
 icate compliment, and bade her good morning. By this 
 They take leave time they wcro ready to move. All took 
 
 of the excellent . ^ '' 
 
 Theodosia. leave with the utmost grace and tenderness ; 
 
 and then proceeded on their way, at a brisk trot. They 
 could not but admire the scenery, the bountiful crops, and 
 the incipient farms, with all their fences, fixtures, and 
 stock, as they rode along. They got a glimpse, now and 
 then, into some bachelor's hall, with its bunks, and berths, 
 and antediluvian looking" blankets, tin dishes, guiltless of 
 scouring, bottle candlesticks, pickle jars, unswept floors , 
 and old boots ; and they thought — what should they 
 think of.? 
 
 They could not stop to look in detail about the pleasant
 
 THE CALIFORNIA riLORIM. 103 
 
 Santa Clara. little Village of our sacred Lady Clarissa ; nor 
 visit its fine old mission, with its many fruits, and its school 
 for boys, kept by the Padre ; nor could they examine the 
 new church, the academy, the university with its one 
 professor, and the fine liomes and spacious grounds. 
 
 They hastened on toward the Capital Pueblo. They 
 The Alameda, entered thc fine alanieda, as the sun came up 
 to the meridian ; and enjoyed greatly its embowering shades, 
 as the willows and elms twined their bianohes above, or 
 drooped tlicm gracefully to the ground ; and they blessed in 
 their hearts, the Fathers who directed, and the InJians who 
 were instructed, to plant those beautiful rows of trees, from 
 the town to the mission. 
 
 They now crossed a bridge, spanning a deep chunu-l, i:i 
 the bottom of wliich slunk along some muddy water, all that 
 the season had left of thc river (luadaloupe, and were full 
 Pueblo tie Pan ^^ ^'o'**' ^^ ^^^^ ^'"'^^ Capital of JJustledoui ; 
 "'''*®' though this Was not the ancient Capital of the 
 
 country, before it was ]3ustlcdoai. Mr. Makebest said the 
 glory of the place was much departed. For, once on a 
 time, the Capital was found to have departed from the 
 Pueblo between two days, and to have plainly absconded. 
 A fugitive capi- ^^ '*^*^ hccn huntcd for, advertised for, sued 
 ^'- for, and fought for ; but though it liad been 
 
 seen in various places, and camped among bare hills, and 
 going to the head of river navigation, nobody had been able 
 to secure it ; and the probability Was, that it would lead a 
 nomadic life, and stop where it could get the best pasture, 
 and the fattest extras, for some years to come. 
 
 Now I saw that Mr. Makebest made haste to introduce 
 thc travelers to Mr. Oldline Methodics, and to Eev. Mr. 
 Winroc ; after which he took leave of his passengers with a
 
 104 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 hearty "adieu." They, in return, were profuse in their 
 thanks for his hospitahty, and for his kindness in helping 
 tliem on their way after so agreeable a sort. They desired 
 tlieir compliments also to be conveyed to the excellent 
 Theodosia. 
 
 When they had dined, Mr. Methodics had them about 
 the ancient city to behold its beauties of situation, adorn- 
 Toiir oftiiePu- ^^cnt. Culture, and architecture. They passed 
 ®'''°" by a large adobe church, without tower or 
 
 steeple, the church of early ftimes, not yet deserted, nor 
 put to secular uses, though in external appearance it was so 
 much like a Dutch barn in Pennsylvania. There were 
 divers outbuildings connected with it, but not like wings ; 
 and there were some small adobes in close proximity that 
 appeared to have nothing to do with cold water, and gave 
 forth unmistakable signs of being kept as liquor shops, 
 where natives of the lower sort congregated. 
 
 There were two or three other churches, also, which they 
 Churches. visited, not large in size, but new and neat. 
 
 These had sprung up since the new era began, and in num- 
 ber, seemed quite as many as could get congregations to 
 fill them. 
 
 They passed by the hotels, of bulky proportions, that, in 
 the capital days of the Pueblo, had swarmed with men 
 wearing blushing honors, aspiring men, ofiice seekers, hack- 
 neyed politicians, and youthful geniuses ; where cabals and 
 cliques had met to scheme, and ambitious plots had been 
 Cloth partitions foi'nied, and state secrets had been whispered, 
 let out secrets. ^^^^ great men had been overheard planning 
 each others' overthrow, and thin partitions had divided 
 envious rivals, and dark sayings had leaked out in mysteri- 
 ous ways, so that parties had been mutually surprised to
 
 TlIK CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. lOf 
 
 find tliair opponents in possession of their plans, movemaata, 
 and moasurcs. 
 
 They saw the buildings, too, whore, during a certain 
 
 session of so august a body as the Legislature of Bustledom, 
 
 nountics for scvcral Water lot schomars from San FastopolLs 
 
 sarh as had , . ^ 
 
 votes to ;ive. kopt Open Iiousc for the gratuitous entertaia- 
 lujnt of members, and feasted, and toasted, and drenched 
 them for weeks together. The same schemers kept also 
 attorneys under pay upon the ground, with money and 
 kinds committed to them at the time ; whether so conveyed 
 to them to gratify the feelings of a pure friendship, or for 
 wages, or for bribjs, or for all, or for none of these 
 purposes, committees of a subsequent Legislature were 
 unable to determine. The public arc aware that the 
 schemers were successful. Their measures were carried 
 through ])}■ tlie votes of generous legislators, who gave to 
 Sun Fastopolis in general, and, as it proved, to some 
 iadividutds in particular, lands worth millions of money, that 
 else had accrued to the benefit of the state at large. To 
 suppose the feasting and the toasting had aught to do with 
 the result, were to cuter a region of conjecture, where so 
 violent a hypothesis must take its chance with other 
 iuiaginal)lc, but indeterminate things. 
 
 Then they visited the quondam capitol building, a 
 Capitol. quadrangular, two storied, adobe, with a pole 
 
 on the top, where the two earliest Legislatures of 
 Bustledom held their sessions. The first one met under fair 
 auspices, and was opened in due form, and with the observance 
 of all customary proprieties Each house elected a chaplain 
 of its own, and provided for his maintenance. The second 
 one was so pure in its owu eyes, or otherwise affected, as to 
 jvfase to employ any chaplain at all ; and one branch of it,
 
 106 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Fear of scandal *^^ ^ Certain occasion, when application was 
 to religion. jnade, refused to allow a special religious 
 service to be liekl in their hall, on the alleged ground, as 
 some said, that it would be a scandal to religion to come into 
 such a hole, and that there were animals before which pearls 
 should not be cast. 
 
 In the lower hall, Mr. Methodics pointed out to them the 
 place where the honorable Senator had his scat, who used 
 A thousand of fi'cqucntly to niovc, that the " Senate adjourn 
 drinks. ^^ ^ thousand of drinks," so often, in fact, that 
 
 that Legislature was now distinguished as " the thousand of 
 drinks Legislature." He said that person belonged to the 
 same, who alleged that it was not fair that any one should be 
 allowed to drink liquor out of the bung, while the rest took 
 it at the tap. 
 
 Mr. Methodics said that those Legislatures were remarka- 
 ble bodies of men, in more respects than one. There was 
 Titles So honors, hardly an untitled person in them. There 
 were governors, judges, esquires, doctors, generals, 
 colonels, captains, and majors ; but not a lieutenant, nor 
 scarce a simple mister, among them all. But he said that 
 among the outsiders, there were a great many who were in 
 want of titles and honors, and were, withal, slightly troubled 
 with emptiness of the pocket. So, in order to accommodate 
 such persons, and also divers operators in stocks, exchange, 
 and loans, and others of Tarious sorts, lean and hungry, who 
 were tired of playing the " honest miner," and were anxious 
 for a chance at the public crib, one of these Legislatures was 
 induced to enter upon the business of prosecuting Indian wars. 
 
 These wars were gotten up upon a method, devised by 
 Origin of giori- gentlemen of enterprise ; and it was known at 
 ous wars. ^j^g capital where there would be Indian
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 107 
 
 difficulties, before any were known to exist by the pulilic 
 generally. When the plan of proceeding had been matured 
 sufficiently, a part of those who were in the secret scattered 
 themselves among the Indians in different localities. They 
 plied them with liquors, got them iutoxicatod, and abused 
 them in every way, in order to rouse their passions and 
 sting them to retaliation, and get up a general quarrel 
 against them. In this way they got the whites and Indians 
 by the ears, kicked up a muss in every form imaginable, 
 wrote letters to public men and to newspapers, everywhere, 
 filled with accounts of murderous assaults, and the details 
 of horrid barbarities committed by the Indians; and so 
 they endeavored to excite the .sympathy of the public. 
 
 They enlisted companies of volunteers, placed themselves 
 at the head of them ; obtained arms and provisions at high 
 prices from particular friends ; and marched up hill and 
 down, toward the scene of hostilities ; all of which some 
 apologies, a few blankets, and a drove of horned cattle, 
 would have quelled in a day. 
 
 Meantime the friends and copartners in this martial 
 
 Cool and deiibe- ^'^*^^'T"''^*^j '^^^ wcro at the Capital, were 
 rate legislation, jj^gyj^g iieavcu and earth to get up an excite- 
 ment and a sympathy among the honorables; pouring in the 
 petitions sent them, showing the appeals printed in the 
 papers, boring members where they could find them, and 
 doing the pathetic in a masterly manner, till they succeeded 
 in log rolling war bills, and war appropriations, and war 
 loans, in plenty, through both branches of the Legi.^lature. 
 
 Now whole regiments were raised and officered with 
 wonderful celerity ; and there were departures from the 
 capital of scores, with commissions as colonels, majora.
 
 108 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Officers and re- captains, adjutants, quartermasters, pay- 
 giments. masters, commissaries, and so on. When tbe 
 
 companies were arranged into regiments, and the march 
 was taken up, it was found that about two thirds of all the 
 reoiments were officers, of some grade, and entitled to 
 advanced wages ; and those that were not officers were none 
 of your mere common soldiers ; they were the choice spirits 
 of the land, and were high privates, at least, after the dis- 
 tribution of the liquor rations. 
 
 Great were the exploits of these avengers of wrong, these 
 defenders of the innocent, these self sacrificing patriots, 
 these iron men of destiny. Wonderful to recount were 
 Victory & fame, their valorous achievements. Prodigious were 
 their efforts and toils, as shown by the amounts of food and 
 drink requisite to sustain them. Numerous were the spoils 
 of their enemies, brought back by the invincible hosts, 
 returning in triumph from then- bloody campaigns. Lo, 
 where they hang in our halls of state ; lo, where they adorn 
 the " rostra" of our public men, and inspire the hearts of 
 orator and poet ! 
 
 On the examination of such few returns and accounts as 
 Martial returns, could be got together, after the money gave 
 out, and the regiments were disbanded, (few being willing 
 " to sacrifice their private business" after the funds were 
 gone, and the supplies deficient,) it was found that the 
 discreet warriors had been careful not to venture too high 
 up into the hills for fear of deep snows, and other obstacles ; 
 tkat there were reported, on the average, to a regiment, 
 Indians killed, several scores ; squaws captured, one to a 
 company ; wounded, hundreds ; burned, a dozen ranchcrias ; 
 seen, several deserted villages and oampfires ; almost seen,
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 109 
 
 liundrods of lusty warriors, full armed, perfectly naked, and 
 fierce for fight. 
 
 When all was over, the account with the state stood, 
 nearly, thus : 
 
 A I.I, BnsTi.EDOM Dr. 
 
 To expense of furnishing Military Titles to citizenia $250,000 
 
 " " of giving Speculators Chances at the Treasury 500,000 
 
 Indian AVar Expenses $750,000 
 
 All Bu-stledom Cr. 
 
 By conquest of One Square League of Fustian $000,000 
 
 '"• One Hundred Claims in the sphere of Military glory. . , 000,000 
 
 000,000 
 
 Balance sheet. 
 
 Balance due on AVars $750,000 
 
 Keep Faith said the account was a singular one, and the 
 balance rather large ; though it was always difficult to give 
 renown and g^ory a fixed value in the market. He also 
 inquired of Mr. Methodics if he had been in the capital all 
 the time those proceedings were had. He replied that he 
 had not been absent a day, for a long while. These view.'? 
 of the matter ho got from his friends, in the Legislature and 
 Auti.orit.e.s and ^^^^ ^f it ; and they had recently received 
 disclosures. confirmation strong from disclosures made by 
 8ome of the parties over their cups, and from the revelations 
 of some who had fallen out with each other since, and had 
 gone to calling hard names, and raking up charges out of 
 these old transactions. 
 
 Mr, Methodics said, that it was one of these Legislatures 
 that cut and carved the state into counties ; on what 
 principle no one could tell ; for they were of the oddest and
 
 110 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Counties and ^lost disjointed sliapcs, and the most ill 
 iheirboundg. assoi'ted sizes, iu rcspcct to area and population, 
 that ever mortals looked upon. The county seats in some 
 of them were fixed in the most out of the way places , and in 
 some, at points, where there was no house at the time, and 
 has never been one since ; and through others there were 
 streams flowing which were declared nav igable, that, in the 
 dry season, would neither float a skiff nor wet a dog, 
 without the addition of " a thousand drinks," at least. 
 
 As it was a fast country, they exalted numerous places to 
 the dignity of chartered cities ; some of which were now 
 extinct, and sundry others had since prayed to shrink back 
 into the position of towns and villages, of modest pretensions. 
 
 The fixing of the judicial districts involved, them, also in 
 much trouble ; for they had some districts to find peculiar 
 men for ; and they had very many men for whom they 
 wished to make districts of the right sort. From their legal 
 Judges and dis- ''osts thcy might even have supplied every 
 "''^'''*' county and town with men who thought tliem- 
 
 .selves fit to sit upon the Supreme bench. 
 
 Keep Faith inquired if no one at that time told the story 
 of the two Italian judges, recently promoted, that overtook 
 a priest, mounted on a fine horse, and undertook to (juiz 
 him, by asking: How is it, sir, that you do not imitate your 
 Lord and Master, who was " meek and sitting upon an 
 a.ss.'" That was my intention, said the priest, but of late 
 so many asses have been made judges, that a poor priest can 
 not get one for his saddle. Whereupon tho judges took 
 leave. 
 
 Mr. Methodies said he did not hoar any such story. Nor 
 did he think that in Bustledom they had ever gone quite so low 
 for judicial officers, though, it must be confessed that, in
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. HI 
 
 Scanty mate- somo instances, judges had boon made of 
 ''*''• timber :i " Icctle scant." 
 
 It was now almost sunset, and the chill air from the bay 
 was coming over the capital. So Pilgrim and Keep Faith 
 took leave of Mr. jMethodics, thanking him for his lucid 
 explanations, and went to spend the night with Rev. Mr. 
 Winroc. That gentleman entertained them with stories of 
 The evening. cail)'^ recoUectlons and early life, with a nar- 
 rative of his voyage around the Cape, and with sketches of 
 the valley, its history, its people, and it.^ rapid advancement, 
 despite the bad notions of law, education, and religion, 
 entertained by some of the people who were dwelling there. 
 
 Early in the morning they took leave of the i'araou.s valley, 
 and, after a ride thither, breakfasted at the ancient mission. 
 toward the North East. They could not tarrj'' here to see 
 and admire, and so went their way. Immediately they 
 overtook a man driving a team of oxen, hitched to a wagon 
 rigged for hay ; his goad was a stick, with a terrible lash on 
 it, about in th3 proportion of a boa constrictor tied to a bean 
 pole. They hailed him, and in(][uired if he wa,s a settler in 
 the valley. 
 
 He kinder reckoned he was. lie was considci-ible of a 
 .\ man of family, man himsclf, as well as his old woman ; and he 
 had a right smart chance of boys ; and all that was growed 
 was six feet in their stockins. 
 
 Keep Faith inquired the number ot his sons. 
 
 Settler. Wall, thar, you have me, stranger ; you keep 
 the count, Thar used to was half as many as the Presidents, 
 but they're overtook now. AVashington Adams, .J(^erson 
 Madison, Monroe Adams, Jackson A'an Buren, Harrison 
 Tyler, Polk Dallas, Taylor Fillmore, Cass Butler. How 
 many's that .- K. F. Eight !
 
 112 THE CALIFORNIA PILGKIM. 
 
 Set. Wall, thar's nine then ; tliar's IJuchanan 
 Webster. 
 
 A long catalogue, truly, said Pilgrim. Their education 
 must have taxed you largely, unless yon were from a region 
 of free schools. No doubt you are anxious for public schools 
 here. 
 
 Set. Stranger, I was raised without no schoolin, so 
 was my boys, that's growcd. They can do as well as me, 
 ajid that's well enough. I larncd to write and cypher, 
 evenins, one winter, payin tew dollars. I can write and 
 reckon intrist, that's all thar's use on ; my big boys can do 
 Schooling spoils it too. I've sced 'cadmy boys. They grow 
 ^** lazy like, and powerful weak, layin by. 
 
 Schoolin spiles 'cm. They wont tote none arter it. My 
 boys is a heap better 'an them that's alius ben bookin and 
 siensen, and I 'low I'd ortcr know. 
 
 PiL. But they shoidd not all engage in one business. 
 Set. They can do as they're a mind at twenty-one. 
 PiL. Eut then it may be too late to prepare for a new 
 business. 
 
 Set. That ain't my business, its Iheiin, I'm through 
 with 'em then. 
 
 PiL. Then you are not laboring to get public schools 
 established in your county : 
 
 Set. No, sir. I oppose them that is. They're a 
 nuisance. I don't want to pay for schoolin olhor folks'is 
 childern. Let 'em do it theirselves, if they want to. 
 
 PiL. But there arc scores that have none to provide for 
 them. 
 
 Set. They're misfortunato, sartin, but they'll grow 
 out ou't. 
 
 PiL. But ignorance, you know, is liable to degenerate
 
 THE CAM FORM A PILGRIM. 113 
 
 The risine hope '^^^ ^'^^^ ^^^ degradation. Children are tho 
 rjf the Plate treasure and hope of a state, and the state 
 shouhl educate them. 
 
 Skt. I 'low you can talk, but I don't know no such 
 a-thing. Them that's got no childern has'nt no business 
 with 'cm ; let them that has take care on 'em. I don't 
 want to see any lazy school masters, and superintenders, and 
 80 on, eatin out everybody, and gittin their money ; its an 
 impersition. 
 
 PiL. But, sir, you need doctors, lawyers, judges?, 
 legislators, governors, ministers, and so on. 
 
 Set. Some on 'em, p'raps ; but let 'em grow. 
 Don't the trees grow .' 
 
 PiL. Yes, sir. But the natural fruit is commonly very 
 Fruit culture. small, knotty, sour, and bitter ; it needs 
 culture, sir, to make fine fruit even. 
 
 Set. I don't raise fruits ; no use in 'em. Wheat 
 and ba.dey, ingin and poik, is enough for any man's family. 
 
 Well, said Pilgrim, perhaps you are too old to learn ; but 
 I hope your sons will take a difierent view of the matter. I 
 presume you go to church. 
 
 Set. Never was thar. Never went inside such an 
 institution. Ben to school house meetins some. Went to 
 camp meeting wuast, jest to see how't worked. Don't care 
 nothin about 'em ; commonly go huntin Sunday. 
 
 PiL. Friend, you have been taking up with the dryest 
 A bomiiy, husks of this world, and you arc making no 
 
 preparation for the next. I can not think you have acted a 
 wise part, either for yourself, or your family. If you wero 
 doiag more for tho world to come, I am sure you would do 
 better in this ; and you never would take such views of 
 fichools and learning, and culture, and all that is beautiful
 
 114 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 and glorious in knowledge and art, as you have expressed. 
 May I not hope you will reconsider and amend ? 
 
 Set. Wall, Ihar, its clar gone ; you're a parson. 
 I go this road ; you go that. 
 
 So they parted ; and Pilgrim and Keep Faith kept on 
 over the hills, into the wide, wide, valley, across the tulares, 
 and came at night into the city of Sloughport, on an arm of 
 the St. Jacob's, and were lodged in the house of llev. Mr. 
 Xylon, in the western suburb. 
 
 MORAL. 
 
 It would seem that in tliis late age there ought to be none 
 in sympathy with this settler on the subject of schools and 
 education. But we are forced to the conviction that there 
 are many. In our state there are men of influence and 
 character who disparage systematic education by the public, 
 and oppose free common schools. There are thousands 
 who are totally indifferent to the whole subject. They do 
 not wish to agitate it, nor to be disturbed by it. They 
 admit no obligation in the matter. They listen to no 
 argument. They have no disposition either to think or to 
 act. 
 
 The framers of our constitution intended that the state 
 should be the munificent patron of schools of every grade. 
 They made ample provision for a fund sufficient to maintain 
 a noble system of free common schools. Statutes on the 
 subject have been framed by successive legislatui-es of the 
 .state ; but, eitljer through imperfections in the statutes 
 themselves, or through the inefficiency of those appointed to 
 carry them into effect, nothing worthy of note has hitherto 
 been accomplished. The disposal of the lands set apart by 
 the constitution for the maintenance of schools has already
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 115 
 
 begun. The danger is, that, iu this way, they may be lost to 
 the school fund, and that the benefit of them will in no wise 
 accrue to the children of the state. 
 
 It becomes our first duty, therefore, to look well to 
 the enactment of laws on the subject of education, and 
 to endeavor to secure effiolency and good management on 
 the part of tiiase M'ho are chosen to execute the laws. 
 
 And then, we are bound to do our utmost in endeavoring 
 to correct falso views of the subject, and to raise the tone 
 of public seutiuuMit iu respect to it. It is all false that 
 none but parents and guardians have any interest in 
 schools ; that the tinmarried and the childless sliould have 
 no voice in the matter. The question of public schools 
 is, in fact, a (]uestion of civil liberty, of public safet}', of 
 public economy, of wise laws, of good order, and good 
 morals. And, in questions like these, the welfare of every 
 one in civiliz ;d society, is deeply involved ; so that no one 
 is exempt from an ol>ligatii>n to do what he can for the 
 maintenance of a system of public schools. As a good 
 citizen, and a lover of his kind, he ought to be earnest 
 and active in the matter. 
 
 California in her position, and with her advantages, 
 ought to have already been foremost among the now states 
 in her school funds, school laws, and school advantages. 
 If she is not so soon, we, her people, shall deserve 
 to be set down as craven and faithle.«s. That we 
 have provided so poorly for the children that are 
 native born, and for the thousands that arc flocking to 
 our towns and cities, and into our green and golden valleys, 
 is more than a misfortune. And it is our shamo that what 
 we have done for them, lias been performed in so shiftless, 
 and bungling a manner.
 
 LECTURE VI 
 
 Now I saw in my drccam, when the morn arose, purpling 
 the east, and shedding a rosy light on the wide vale, that 
 I'ilgrim and Keep Faith were already abroad, listening to 
 The mornin' ^^*^ ^^'^ birds that Still chattered in the tree 
 and Its visions, ^^^g^ surveying the ground about them, and 
 looking fcr their proper road and direction, when they 
 should depart from the city of Sloughport. The sun rose 
 beautifully, without clouds, over the distant hills, and they 
 saw him commence his daily circuit, as he wheeled his 
 golden chariot up the azure vault of the firmament. This 
 sight Pilgrim had not before witnessed in the golden coun- 
 try ; for, hitherto, the fogs had been too dense to give way 
 till half the uK.rning hours were gone, in the region through 
 which they were passing. It gave him no sniall degree of 
 pleasure to gaze on a scene so inspiring as that of the sun 
 rising in his majesty, fresii, strong, and glorious, as when he 
 first rejoiced to run his race, and the creation was young. 
 
 They had not wandered long amid the upland oaks, and 
 the dry beds of narrow sloughs, where grass and rushes 
 grew rank, when Sammy Xylon, the preacher's eldest, with 
 a very happy face, came to suuuuon them to prayers and 
 riiiidiiooa. breakfast ; and amused them all the way back
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 117 
 
 with liis guileless talk of the fumily, the town, himself, nnd 
 various things which possessed ;i world of iniportunec tu 
 him. 
 
 When the morning repast w.is over, they took leave of 
 the good lady of the house, and the little prattlers, for 
 there was a row of them there, and went out to see the city. 
 They were joined, after they had crossed a slough by some 
 narrow planks, by Mr. Longtravtil, who volunteered to show 
 them about the town, while llev. Mr. Xylon prepared Ids 
 discourses for Sunday. 
 
 They crossed the plaza, through which ran a slough, and 
 over it abridge. They looked at the church of .Mr. Xylon, 
 Churches. small and neat, embowered among the trees, 
 
 with a slough in sight, at the left. Some fine houses and 
 gardens there were in that vicinity also ; one or two worthy 
 of special note, but Pilgrim was too much in haste to linger 
 by graveled walks and flower borders. 
 
 They found other churches of different dimensions, one 
 large and beautiful, but in danger of going under the ham- 
 mer for debt, it was said, and another, that, like many other 
 churches in Bustledom, had need to go under the hammer for 
 repairs. Mr. Longtravel told them also of places where schools 
 were taught, and religious meetings were held, which it would 
 be hard for strangers to find without experienced guides. 
 
 Through Mexican quarter, and through French quarter 
 they passed without much remark, because they thought it 
 very well to observe a degree of silence when they had so 
 little that was complimentary to say. 
 
 There were stores crowded with bottles and casks not wholly 
 Mexican quarter- filled from the uoarcst slough, and bars, and 
 boxos for musicians, and benches, and floors covered with any 
 thing but chan s; nd, an 1 swarthy creature.-?, ju>t creeping out
 
 lis THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 from corners and holes, and from a few hours of wretched 
 and confused sleep. These were smoking cigaritos, as they 
 sat without chairs, and they disposed of their saliva with 
 unmentionable caution. There were also mules and pack- 
 saddles, and other paraphernalia, in strange juxtapositions ; 
 and Pilgrim thought he might be dreaming, he seemed to 
 be in so strange a looking country ; but Mr. Longtravel 
 reassured him by saying, tjiat visitii}g those quarters was, 
 to most persons, like skinning to eels, accounted as nothing 
 when they were used to it ; though he thought he had known 
 One man's train ™"^^ coming from that quarter at dubious 
 another's loss. }jours, with mucu toaccouut for, but no money 
 to pay. 
 
 They now went along the great slough, which was deep, 
 and fu'l of water. In it were several steamers, and some 
 old hulks, and a few small craft. It was flanked on either 
 side with a street; and on the streets were rows of stores, 
 and a fair show of business in them. The people in that 
 region had been sparing of brick, and many of the edifices 
 hung out signals of distress, and called for repairs. 
 
 After winding about, and turning several corners, they 
 came in front of a building, which, Mr. Longtravel told 
 them, was the Corinthian theater. He was unable to give 
 A building for the Origin of the name, though some had im- 
 
 the "school of , . i • i /. i 
 
 morals." agined it was derived from the style of the 
 
 architecture. Keep Faith said he was not very familiar 
 with Grrecian aiFairs, but he had heard of Corinthian brass, 
 and Grecian war galleys. Mr. Longtravel remarked that 
 the wars, in this imitation of Greece, had gone on probably 
 without any galleys ; and as to brass in connection with the 
 establishment, he could not think where it was, unless some 
 of the actors might be brazen enough to afford it in consid-
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 1 lii 
 
 crablc quantities. At all events, he thouiiht tlic citizens of 
 the place were not strictly Corinthian in flieir tastes, nor 
 much given to the service of this temple, witli the exception 
 of some fashionables, who had grown strangely rich, in late 
 years, and wore now fond of talking of the " beau nionde," 
 and tho " haut ton," and the " upper circles." Some of 
 them perchance were such as, in other days, and far off 
 regions, had been too much str.aiteiK'd in moans, or too 
 countryfied, to patronize the drama and the opera, and used 
 Tirno S; change, to go to the muscuiu and the negro concerts. 
 But now they were of a higher sort, Tlioy patronized tlie 
 Corintliian. bepraised the tragedies and farces, and putled 
 the actors, as world renowned artistes ; when, forsooth, they 
 had never been engao-ed in any bnt a sixpenny affair, or in 
 a California " temple of the muses," made of wood, paste- 
 board, paper, rags, tinsel, glue, and wliitewash. 
 
 They liad now got on some rods beyond the theater, when 
 A woman winiso Pilrfim rccognized, after some scrutiny, a 
 
 face wus faiiul- i i l l ■ n i 
 
 1 ar. person whom ho hatl Jaiowu ni lormer days. 
 
 She was a gaily dressed lady, whose finery made it difficult 
 for him to fix her identity. She had just taken leave, at the 
 gate, of some visitors, whose conversation she had been so 
 charmed with, that she could not part with them till she 
 had followed them to the street ; though Pilgiim thought 
 that the lady visiters, as he saw thera a little way off, were 
 somewhat bloomer like in manners, dress, and gait. The 
 iicrnaine. lady at the gate of the stylish house, was one 
 
 3ILss. Wiseacre ; and she threw up both her hands, and 
 opened both her grey eyes, in astonishment and wonder, as 
 she got sight of Pilgrim, saying, is it you, ]Mr. Gaine ! IIow 
 did you come here } He explained that he was on a pil- 
 grimage, and passing hastily through some portions of the
 
 120 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 golden country. She insisted on bis coming in to dinner, 
 and inviting his companions also. She had prepared dinner 
 for her visitors, but they could not remain, and so it would 
 be no trouble to her. 
 
 Miss. Wiseacre introduced Pilgrim and his companions to 
 Miss. -Wiseacre's ^^^'^- Listener her sister, and Miss. Florinthia 
 relatives. Listener, her niece. They had recently come 
 
 from the town of Fetcheasy ; and gave Pilgrim news ot 
 many old acquaintances dwelling in that region, who had 
 left one part of the province of Sin and Misery, for a more 
 distant one, after the terrible catastrophe of Doomsend. It 
 was in the town of Fetcheasy that Pilgrim had first seen 
 Miss. Wiseacre, then the girlish daughter of the man who 
 kept the village tavern, at which he stopped, as he was on 
 his way home from the school of Mr. Wisdom Branch, in 
 the town of Pk-efuge. 
 
 While at dinner, Pilgrim ventured to inquire about her 
 situation, and if she had come to remain in the country, 
 Pleased and ad- She Said she was charmed with the climate ; 
 
 tiiired in her i , , i i i i 
 
 prosperity. and then she was so prosperous, and she iiaa 
 
 so many advantages, and was so looked up to, she should 
 never think of going from their lovely city, its delightfnl 
 rambles, its gorgeous buildings, and its sublime prospects. 
 Her circle of friends was small, but so intelligent and re- 
 fined! And she kept a carriage, and a box at the Corinth- 
 ian, and her house was the resort of all the notables in the 
 city and state ! There was scarcely a stump speaker whom 
 she had not entertained ! 
 
 When she spoke of her box at the theater, Pilgrim askod 
 her if she had not once been a strict moralist ; abjuring all 
 iier fiiri;irrinan ''^''"^ amusements, and vain shows; refusing 
 luTofiife. even to drink beer lest it t^lu>uld intoxicate;
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 121 
 
 shunning all dances and gay parties ; and never keeping late 
 hours. Oh yes ! but that was long ago, when she did'nt 
 know the world, and had not been in high life. In 
 IJu.'^tledom, those notions of things were all given up as 
 whinisieal. " lu Rome we must 'do as the Romans do," 
 said Mrs. Listener, coming to the rescue. 
 
 Do you find that maxim in the Bible .' said Pilgrim. 
 She could not be sure it was there, for it was some years 
 since she read the " Proverbs" throuiih. Pilsrrim thought 
 
 O iT O 
 
 The maxim that was Very likely ; but he could not admit 
 '* *^' either the truth or propriety of the maxim. 
 
 It was just false enough to justify anything ungodly in the 
 customs of society, and any crime among villains. 
 
 Miss. Wiseacre said, that, in her church, they never 
 turned people out for going to theaters, balls, romps, 
 dances, and what not ; but in some of the sects they did ; 
 but she knew women enough in Bustledoni who were church 
 members, formerly, among the sects, that now thought 
 
 wiiat Mia-i. mucli more of ijoiuo; to theaters, parties, and 
 
 Wisearro knew t . • , i v i 
 
 about the sects, out on rides, and after gaieties, than they did 
 of going to church, or to evening meetings, or to teach 
 classes in Sunday schools, or to engage in ministering to the 
 poor and sick, or in anything, in fact, that looked as 
 though they were much attached to church, or minister, 
 or holy deeds. She believed this was so common, that those 
 ladies, who were the same here, in these matters, as they 
 formerly were, were rather few, and ought to be highly 
 prized by good people ; though, for her part, she had not 
 much expectation of being praised for her piety. And she 
 was not disappointed ; for people would praise everything 
 but that. 
 
 PiliXrim inquired if there was any special rea.son for this 
 " 9
 
 122 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 indiiForence to religious things, and this fondness for the 
 contrary things, on the part of so many ladies. 
 
 Oh, said Mrs. Listener, they are released from their old 
 Rendering a restraints, they are cut oif from old employ- 
 reason, ments, they have few female associates, they 
 resort to now species of excitements, they arc very much 
 noticed and flattered, they are urged to every kind of vain 
 indulgence, they are unsettled and craving, and how could 
 they refuse to go and see the world for once } And so, 
 having gone once, and with one, they could not well refuse 
 to go when another invited them, and so they proceeded with- 
 out limit. But, Mr. Pilgrim, you can't blame us ; really, 
 we don't know what else to do with ourselves in such 
 circumstances. 
 
 And then, said Florinthia, the gentlemen arc so rich, and 
 The younger ^0 handsomc, and have such superb whiskers, 
 Listener speaks. ^^^ ^^^ ^^.^ ^sked to visit all kinds of shows 
 and concerts by such honorable men — governors, generals, 
 and judges — and they are all so lively, so witty, so amusing, 
 so dignified, so elegant, so gentlemanly, and so gallant ; and 
 they keep such fine horses, and private boxes, and the plays 
 arc so beautiful, the actors so subhme, the temple so 
 gorgeous, and the actresses so refined and modest, and so 
 agreeable, we are certain the people in Broadway and 
 Union Square, if they knew all, would soon be quite envious 
 of us. 
 
 Pilgrim said he could not but be sorry, at the recital of 
 Pilgrim at vari- such facts, and the more so, because he must 
 iadies. beg leave to difi'er from his fair friends in 
 
 their views of the whole matter. He said he found all the 
 people in the land were looking to the advent of woman, to 
 reclaim and regenerate California ; but how could she do it
 
 THE CALIFORNTA PILGRIM. 123 
 
 wheu she Iicrsalf fell ia, at oace, with California ways and 
 manners, and yielded to all sorts of eaticomcnts, and gave 
 coiintenanco to some of the very vices and indulgcucos that 
 were ruining the country ! 
 
 Ho thought wjaiau should be nobler and purer, if not 
 mare strict, here, than elsewhere; since she would be 
 happier by it, and add very much to her moral power and 
 means of usefulness, every way. There never was a field 
 in which she could do so much good, if she were disposed 
 to the doiu^ of it ; nor one in which she needed more 
 Necessities of circumspectiou, self restraint, and the pureness 
 tiie times. j^^^| grace of religion. For, where people were 
 
 degenerate and vicious themselves, and felt that they were 
 vile and helpless, they could have no confidence in such as 
 stooped half way to them in questionable practices, in order 
 to gain their favor. And, then, wicked men were far less 
 indulgent than good ' men, toward the faults and foibles of 
 such as professed to be christians. In fact, every false 
 step, mistaken course, or questionable indulgence, in such a 
 country as this, was more noticed, and, tlierefore, more 
 injurious than anywhere else ; and if good people wished to 
 be worldly, gay, frivolous, or gadding and self indulgent, it 
 would do far less harm elsewhere than here. And, he 
 added, that he was happy to say, that he had met ladies in 
 the country who agreed with hiiu in this, and were doing 
 accordingly. 
 
 Ashe was about leaving, he told Miss. Wiseacre, and the 
 others, that he was sorry he could not excuse them from 
 his censure, but he hoped they would reconsider the 
 matter, and take a new course. 
 
 Miss. Wiseacre did wish he had met the three ladies just 
 gone, who sometimes appeared upon the boards ; it would
 
 124 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 mollify him ; it would give liim new notions of things, as he 
 Three ladies and ^^Sj perhaps, imskillcu in the ways and 
 their names. pleasures of the higher classes, and the circles 
 of fashion. These ladies were the pleasantest of companions, 
 and their names were Mrs. Syllable, Mrs. Breath, and Mrs. 
 Screech, and they might be known by the splendor of their 
 attire, their condescension, and easy and familiar address. 
 
 Now I saw that Keep Faith looked at his watch, and Mr. 
 Longtravel grew uneasy. So they got the hint to Pilgrim, 
 Things to be ^^^ ^^® ^'^^^ ^^ depart ; thinking much of the 
 thought of. strange overturns in life, in habits, and con- 
 
 duct, produced by the entrance of many, of both sexes, into 
 the golden country ; and all through causes so insignificant. 
 
 The travelers were now anxious to set out on their journey. 
 So, Mr. Longtravel took them by the shortest route to the 
 north eastern suburb. As they were turning a corner, they 
 heard loud conversation ; and, looking round, they saw the 
 three ladies before mentioned, in debate with a pale faced 
 shopwoman about the price of dresses and professional 
 costume. When they were come to the border of the plain, 
 Things prospec- Mr. Lougtravel showed them the route of a 
 *'^®- great railway to be built, told them of a wire 
 
 suspension bridge over a slough, and of many schemes of 
 internal improvement, that were to expand and enrich their 
 city for generations to come. Then he told them to keep 
 as much to the left as they could, without getting into tlie 
 Directions. tulares ; as much to the right as they could 
 
 without following any river up stream ; to keep to the bridges 
 and mind nothing about sloughs, and, when they had gone 
 far enough, over a country that was neither green nor hilly, 
 nor like any other they ever saw, they would reach the City 
 Sacramento. of Embankment, on the marsrin of the river of
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 12r 
 
 the Sacred Oath ; a river so named before the advent of 
 such ungodly crews as made its shores resound with oaths 
 profane, while borne along upon its tides. 
 
 After giving Pilgrina and Keep Faith a sot of instructions 
 so lucid, Mr. Longtravel took leave of them affectionately ; 
 They set out ^"'■^ ^'''-^J tli'^nkcd him for his kindness, and 
 "^''""' left Sloughport behind the trees, as they went 
 
 on their way, singing a tune to revive their spirits, and 
 invigorate their frames, whicli were flassing a little. 
 
 They had crossed one small river, and found their feet 
 growing heavy, ere they came to any other ; or to any spot 
 that seemed to invito their stay for the night. But, at 
 length, when the sun had set, they came suddenly down a 
 bank upon a dry channel, beyond which was a house, under 
 The house they souic trccs. There Avas no barn, nor other 
 '"""^ ^ '■ outbuilding. Only a corral and a hay stack 
 
 were to be seen across the way. In the front room there 
 was a board pea in one corner, and some dirty bottles and 
 boxes on the shelves behind it. In another corner was a 
 rickety stove, that had been kept standing in its place over 
 the season. A bench and two remnants of wooden chairs 
 made up the furniture. A bag of barley and a water 
 backet occupied the corner nearest the bar. Two men they 
 saw, dusty men, in shirts that once wore red, with hair of 
 no certain color, and no ascertained length, and beards to 
 match. One of tht'iu was taken in, as to his nether 
 extremities, by boots, which (loliah might have found 
 Interesting men, rooni}' and cluuiS}'. Tho other, when moving, 
 went about on his toes, and dragged after him iron 
 enough in his spurs to gain him admission into any chain 
 gang. And both wore tiles, 
 
 •• Coutrivecl a double debt to p»iy,"' 
 Caps l)y night, and peerless liats by day.
 
 126 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 They were ostensibly engaged in looking at the Landbills 
 about the room ; particularly the landlord's own, v/hercin 
 Making surerof ^^^ building, they had entered, was gTapliically 
 a name. dcscribcd, and termed variously, the Eo- 
 
 mance Eancho, the Farmer's Retreat, the Miner's Eest, 
 and the Traveler's Home. 
 
 During the evening, when several neighbors gathered in, 
 and each man treated all the rest twice round before they 
 went away, the travelers thought there might be an inkling 
 What the signs ^^ propriety iu calling the place the Farmer's 
 ■night signify: j^gtreat. The Miner's Rest seemed sig- 
 nificant of the fact, at least, in one instance, that the land- 
 lord got pretty much all the money the poor miner had left. 
 As to the " home" part of the advertisement, Keep Faith 
 thought if the house were such to any travelers, it should be 
 to weary pilgrims, although the prospect was, that it would 
 'only serve to set them to thinking diligently of home as it 
 was, or home as it might be. 
 
 By and by, after the tallow candle, in the tall bottlo,.had 
 been lighted at the bar, they were called to supper, by some 
 raps on the other side of the partition. So Tthe man Avith 
 the boots, and the man with the spurs, and '(.Pilgrim and 
 Keep Faith, went to tea, through a hole in the wall, hung 
 
 .«!iippor in the ^^''^^' '^^^^^ ^ blanket, and, down a long step, to 
 dining room. ^^^^ ^^^^ ^f ^^^q^]^^^ q.^^^i^ There was a rough 
 
 board table, and rough benches were beside it. On the 
 boards were beef, potatoes, and hard bread, and plenty of 
 that savory vegetable which gives the Mexican his delicious 
 odor. 
 
 Great was the su)-prise of Pilgrim, when a woman, from 
 the dark side of some strips of canvass, came out to wait on 
 the guests. She had a '' power" of feet, and was taller
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 127 
 
 than her " old man," and she poured out tea that was 
 " might}-," but not in the same way as venerable cheese. 
 She had on a cap of coarse cotton ; and the sliape of it was 
 that peculiar one, known as '*• calves head ;" and her face 
 wore the meekness of certain domestic kine. When I'ilgrhn 
 inquired of her if they were pioneers : she said they allors 
 was, but they had never lived in " Pike." 
 
 The supper was soon over. The evening liked to have 
 been a tedious evening ; for Pilgrim and Keep Faith had no 
 room to retire to, and it was in vain they tried to get those 
 present into any talk on matters, other than those of a 
 common place sort. Finally, the miner, with the spurs, 
 got to showing his specimens. After easing himself of belt, 
 pistol, and knife, he produced a bag with several pounds of 
 " oro" in it. Pilgrim and Keoj) Faith had never seen so 
 Specimens and I'^ii'^'h gold, in its uativc stato, bcforc. The 
 
 '"*■ miner told them where his claim was, in how 
 
 few weeks, he had dug out of it what thoy saw, and said he 
 was going to Embankment to make a deposit, and then 
 return. But he told them if they would like to buy his 
 claim for a thousand dollars, he would sell out, as he was 
 " anxious to return to the East." The man with the huge 
 boots confirmed the story, on being awaked from the nap ho 
 was takinir in the corner. 
 
 The vendor finally came down iu his price to live hun- 
 dred dollars, cash in hand, for the claim ; and was very 
 Chance for a for- u'ge"^ in entreating Pilgrim and Keep Faith 
 "'"®" to take advantage of so splendid an opportunity 
 
 for realizing a fortune ; telling them it was very rare that 
 new comers were so favored. He said it would not hinder 
 them a week just to stop and get a tliousand dollars out, 
 and then they could sell it agaui for cost. Dut Pilgrim
 
 128 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 replied that they wished no claim, that they possessed no 
 money, and could pay for nothing of the sort ; and besides 
 they must go to sec for themselves before purchasing claims. 
 When the two miners (.') had gone out to sleep in the 
 hay stack, for the safety of their mule and monej^, the 
 Explanation. landlord Said, them war two on 'em, he'd saw 
 'em round sellin that ar claim, and showing that ar gold 
 ever sen he'd ben thar, a heap o' times. Them as buy'd 
 the claim was slighteously bit, and got shet of it, or 
 clar'd out and left it, mighty quick ; and, then, them same 
 liombres would go and sell her agin ; twar a heap easier 
 getting money that way, than diggin on it. 
 
 Pilgrim and Keep Faith having slept on a buifalo skin, of 
 a small pattern, with the bag of barley for a pillow, were 
 Early rising. awakened early by the abstraction of their 
 pillow to feed the mule, and concluded to travel on at once ; 
 thinking they should lose but little of anything, if they 
 broke no fast that day. However, they came, in a short 
 time, upon dwellings and homes that wore a more inviting 
 and cheerful aspect, and were refreshed with food and drink. 
 They had crossed two rivers, and passed in sight of a 
 brick mansion in process of building, and over miles of plains 
 without trees, and had paused at the first belt of timber, to 
 rest beneath some verdant oaks, when, on rising up and 
 looking about them, from the top of a knoll, they dis- 
 Sutter's Fort. covcred, not far away, the grey walls of some 
 ancient structure, which they saw at once must be the old 
 home of the far fimed Swiss-American pioneer. They 
 hurried on, and soon found themselves in front of the early 
 citadel of young freedom on the Pacific shore. They 
 lingered half mournfully around the falling battlements, and 
 in the spacious court, Avhcre many a stirring and exciting
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 129 
 
 scene had been, an 1 life hii I bounded vigorously, and all 
 hopes had spread their wings, and young ambitions were 
 nourished up to age. 
 
 They found scarce a token of living human presence 
 remaining. Decay sat (juecn in the once proud castle. 
 It is faiiin" into ^he massivc gates were broken and gone. 
 '^"'^^y- The roofs were breaking and falling through. 
 
 The few cannon and shells, the place could ever boast, 
 wore rusting beneath the tumbling walls, harmless forever. 
 There were none to raise the " flag of the free'' over the 
 fast coming ruin, where so long it waved in triumph, ere 
 the blight of ruin fell. J^vcn the flag staff itself had fallen 
 at the feet of all eon(|uering Time. The weeds grew 
 unsightly in the untrod courts and yards, and the papaver 
 blossomed by the wall. Gono was all mirth, ceased the 
 sound of revelry, ended were all social reunions. Whispered 
 loves were heard no more. The cheerful signs of industry 
 were all withdrawn, and the din of business hushed. 
 Moles and bats worked undisturbed. The rats and lizards 
 A sound of mei- i''>iged the wido domain ; and everywhere the 
 anchoiy. tooth of time was gnawing relentles.sly. Well 
 
 ]night the wiii'ls, that swept througli the overhanging boughs 
 of the trees, go sighing, for they waved over departed 
 grandeur, and waning glory ; and their increasing shadows 
 symboled the growing decay. Xo visitor, turning away, 
 could fail to think, how, 
 
 •• The harp that once in Tara's halls , 
 The soul of music slied, 
 Xow hangs as mute on Tara's walls, 
 As if its soul were fled !" 
 
 When they had suSicicntly gratified their curiosity, and
 
 130 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 impressed their hearts, by an examination of this striking 
 and peculiar monument of decay, on the very border of a 
 young and flourishing city ; they passed out of the eastern 
 gate. And there, coming towards them, they saw dashing 
 The trottiii" Vehicles, and fast horses numerous, besides 
 course. some whose spavins outlasted their wind, and 
 
 whose riders and drivers seemed anxious to get them through, 
 as speedily as possible, to the end of their usefulness ; 
 especially the riders of the amazonian sort, whose? oaths at 
 the reeking brutes were shocking. 
 
 Mr. Ribbon Puller drew up close beside thenr to let his 
 horses blow. He was in a gig with two horses "a-tandcm," 
 of which the name of the leader was Xerxes, and that of 
 the other, Artaserxes. ■ Soon came along Mr. AVillington, 
 with a fast animal and buggy, but all perfectly cool. 
 A short riiio. Seeing how tired the travelers looked, he took 
 them in, to give them a turn about the plain, and help them 
 along. So he took them by the grounds and cottage of 
 " Enthusiasm & Co.," nursery and seedsmen, of ftiir fame 
 and notoriety in the various " cultures." And then he 
 drove them over and around that famous strip of upland, 
 known as the Ridge, and by other cognomens in the vulgate^ 
 where their friend seemed not imfamillar. 
 
 When he had driven them the length of it, and around it, 
 A spot to bead- '"^^^ showcd the whole to them, in its very 
 '""■'"^- picturesqucness, like an island of bliss in the 
 
 waste of life, he started for the city. Rut soon he thought 
 of an errand forgotten, and was compelled to return. So the 
 travelers thanked him, and took to their feet again. 
 Scarce!}^ were they on the ground, when those nondescripts 
 known as " runners," sent, or voluntary, attacked them, 
 recommending the Increase City, the Regina City, the Tri-
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 131 
 
 mountain, the Busy Dec, the various Sectional houses, several 
 Atthecityiiniitj. U. S. Hotcls, and tliosc bearing the names 
 of birds, such as Phoenix, Eagle, Ilawk, Jim Crow, etc. 
 They were hardly rid of these annoyances, with swallow 
 tailed coats on, when tliey were met by a long visaged, 
 cadaverous faced man, knock kneed, and wearing a seedy hat. 
 He got before them both, and took them by the button, 
 and, very oracularly and very solemnly, told them not to 
 Advice grati?. remain in the city of Embankment a day ; but 
 to go right on to the capital of all the grape streams, in 
 the very earliest stage, for which he had tickets, that he 
 would sell them cheap. That was just the place for them 
 to invest, to speculate, to live, to be great in. As for this 
 Embankment, it was the miserablest hole this side of 
 Tartarus. Only hogs could thrive in it. The cholera was 
 absolutely frightful ; people were rotten with small pox ; 
 the place was hot enough for tophet, and yet the folks were 
 Waxin" elo- ^^^ shaking Avith ague ; the city wa's full 
 quent. ^^ gj^l^ ^^^ yermiu ; every man dumped his 
 
 dirt cart in his neighbor's back yard. The water covered 
 the town half the year, and the dust, the other ; the houses 
 were mean, little, and rough, stuck among bushes, or 
 on stumps. Doctors and quacks, in hosts, got everbody's 
 money, and the lawyers took his luggage. There was no 
 public spirit ; the merchants had no capital of their own ; 
 they did nothing but pick at, and run on each other ; 
 the gamblers ruled the city, and guarded the Governor ; 
 the trade was falling off; the people were dying off; and 
 He is hard upon ^hc towu would sink, and go to nothing, in 
 tiie city. jj^gg ^Ijjjjj ^^,q years, in spite of banks and 
 
 bulibles, and railways, and plank roads, which nobody 
 would ever sec. It's doomed, sirs, doomed ! !
 
 132 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Go, gentlemen, to the capital of the grape streams, 
 head of navigation, central city, near the mines, future 
 capital of the state, railway emporium, best of society, 
 schools, churches, ministers, merchants, newspapers, water, 
 A gentle puff. and buildings, and destined to be the greatest 
 city in Bustledom ; no question of it. ("Gas !" " Enough !" 
 " Dry up ! " chimed in voices from the crowd near by ) 
 
 Well, said Pilgrim, we are obliged, as much as we can be, 
 for your dissertation. You said you thought swifie might 
 thrive even here, and, as we are not Jews, and can live on 
 pork, awhile, we will not go your way yet ; and, besides, if 
 we go, it mui^t be on foot, for pilgrims can not pay fares. 
 Ah ! then, said he, of the capital of the grape streams, you 
 can stop as long as it suits you ; people that patronize our 
 line are the people to live there, and to thrive. We don't 
 know anything about any other people, or any other towns, 
 than such as come to us, and bring their money, their 
 mon*ey, sirs. 
 
 As they went on by the hay yards, stables, wagon stands, 
 stacks, and barns, thoy began to think it was a queer city, 
 and that the worthy mayor must have many constituents. 
 Horses & mules that wcrc uot bipeds, nor wanting in cars ; 
 aro numerous, ^j^^^.^ ^^^.^ ^^ ^^^^^^ habitations fitted up 
 
 expressly for such. There seemed to be, in truth, quite a 
 strife among the rival establishments, to see which could 
 keep the most animals on the smallest space, for the longest 
 period, without taking any litter away. 
 
 Just then, Keep Faith met an old acquaintance, wlio had 
 weathered Cape Horn with him. He introduced him to 
 Pilgrim as Dr. Moncymako, a native of the town of Gone- 
 sinners, a hard district, lying between the provinces of 
 Delusion and Awaydown, in the state of Nature.
 
 THE CALIFonXIA I'lLcJRlM. 133 
 
 Pilgrim inquired of Pr. 3Ionoynmke, if he could direct a 
 couple of weary travelers to some quiet resting place. 
 Temperance iio- Temperance House, Keep Faith suggested. 
 '*'■'''• The Doctor saiii he scarcely knew of such a 
 
 house ; though there the Fountain House was, and they 
 could see it for themselves. Its fountain did not seem to l>e 
 copious enougli to flow over and sprinkle the earth, for the 
 dust was plenty all about it. However, Koop Faith wont 
 in ; but tl^ey had a rush of company, and could give them 
 only beds on the floor. 80 they kept on. Dr. Moneymako 
 saying there was a hotel, opposite one of the churches, 
 where they had no bar in sight ; and if they kept one at all, 
 he did not know why they should try to hiile it in such a city. 
 
 They camo now to an opon square, au'l som? ]\;iy scales ; 
 and Keep Faith hoard a stranger say it miglit lie known 
 how heavy the city was, as it was half hay stacks, apparently, 
 A public square, and the stacks might be weighed. There was 
 a very tall pole of Liberty in the center of the square, with 
 a good cap on ; and from its top waved a starry banner. 
 The whole surface of the square was bare of gra^s, trodden, 
 and sandy. The air, just above it, was loaded with dust ; 
 and, higher up, dust went floating on the wings of xephyrs ; 
 hiiiher still, even above the top of the Liberty cap, or 
 whatever it might be, there were those who could discern 
 r. ., .1. hunfc castles in the air, and visions nume'rous. 
 
 air and visions. Q^g vision was thought to be that of a 
 Common Council, digging among the slanting sunbeams to 
 make a fence ; another Council seemed to be setting out 
 shade trees, that fluttered leaves of silver and gold. And 
 still a third vision, was that of a Council, busy in erecting a 
 beautiful structure of granite, free stone, and marble, for 
 the home of the city, and the use of the whole community.
 
 134 : THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 How refreshing the sight ! how splendid the prospect ! said 
 one and another that had eyes to see. One venerable man, 
 with grey hair, sighed out : When shall the time arrive ; 
 and for how long shall the visions be ? Case of " Quicn 
 sabe," said Dr. Moneymake. 
 
 Beginning at the Noyes House, Pilgrim now under- 
 took to read the signs. and reckon over the hotels in sight. 
 There was the Washington, the Lafayette, the Kosciusko, 
 the Kossuth, the Wm. Tell, and the Bruin. Dr. Money- 
 make said it was proposed to run the row down into the 
 New celebrities- corner, by putting up the Barnum, the Louis 
 Napoleon, the Flibustier, and the Uncle Tom ; but the 
 money was not yet in hand. 
 
 Now I saw that they passed out of the plaza, and wont 
 along till they came to some trees, withering and half dead. 
 Bad rum. These trees have been nearly killed ; said the 
 
 Doctor, and, very likely, by too much bad rum, put around 
 the roots. In this connection, said Keep Faith, allow mo 
 to inquire how you get oh in the Temperance cause r 
 
 Dr. Well, really, I'm not in the way of getting infor- 
 mation at present, but I hear nothing. 
 
 K. F. But, sif, were you not once W. P. in the S. of 
 T., and great Grand Pa, or what it may be, in various 
 other societies ; and where are you now .'' 
 
 Dr.* To be plain, sir, I took my card from the Division, 
 The temperance came out iu good standing, and then went into 
 
 cause and its i i i t 
 
 friends. the general trade, and sold liquor. And then 
 
 I am copartner in an establishment further down street. It 
 is a restaurant ; and the sort of folks that way know scarce 
 any other meaning of the word, than the one indicated by hot 
 brandy, and iced punch. 
 
 K. F. But what becomes of your consistency.'
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 13.3 
 
 Dr. "Well, sir, I'm sure, I don't know. 
 
 K. F. And your Temperance principles, too ; if they 
 were right, you are now doing wrong. 
 
 Dr. Yes, only " circumstances alter cases." 
 
 K. F. Yes, but we were talking of principles. Do you, 
 or do you not, give up your old principles and views ; and 
 how is it that you get along ? 
 
 Dr. Why, we're here to make money. Somebody must 
 make something in trade. I could not make so much 
 without liijuor. If I did'nt sell, some one would. I might 
 as well have the money as he ; and so I do the. business. 
 That's the whole of it. 
 
 K. F. I am not sure it is the whole of it, taken in 
 another light, and so far as it respects yonr feelings, and 
 principles, and your influence in the world, and your 
 standing among the truly virtuous in society. 
 
 Pr'aps you'll 'form and play Washiutonian by'n by, when 
 A proniisin; you're rich 'nuff, said a maudlin faced man, 
 
 candidate lor re- ,,,.,, 
 
 form. holding by the post, just behind them. So 
 
 sh'll I ; I'm your man. Don't we go in for a rich 'spcrence 
 to, to, t-tell 'em. 
 
 The Doctor shied away from his new friend, and seemed 
 in a hurry to get out of his reach. So he told Pilgrim and 
 Keep Faith to go two blocks farther, and turn to the right 
 into a street, and thence into an alley at the left, and ia the 
 rear of a church, there was a man who had to do with 
 pilgrims ; and he might be able to care for them. They 
 followed directions, and were soon housed and lodged. And 
 they were locked in the arms of sleep, long before the host 
 was done with his notes, and had written up his journal.
 
 136 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 MOPvAL. 
 
 The wheels of time seem to go backward. On questions 
 of practical morals our motion is retrograde. Like Dr. 
 Moneymake, we are not where we were. Nine tenths of 
 our population, male and female, sif>, drink, or guzzle.- The 
 learned and the stolid, old men and mere boys, the rich 
 men, the penniless, and even the prisoners, all drink, drink, 
 from morning till night,, and from niglit till morning. Such 
 quantities of fluid, taken daily into the system, were it 
 nouo;ht but milk and water, would destroy the constitution 
 in a few years ; how much sooner, then, when that fluid 
 consists of the vilest liquors tliat ever inflamed a man's 
 throat, or rotted his intestines ! 
 
 It is alleged, indeed, that men need more stimulus, and 
 will endure it better, in our climate, than elsewhere, and 
 that to drink is not pernicious here. So it has seemed. 
 Yet it has been only seeming. In no country is drunken- 
 ness so deadly, and so rapid in its destruction as here. We 
 see few habitual drunkards, because they plunge into their 
 graves so quickly. No confirmed drunkard has a life lease 
 of six months. There are those in their graves whom 
 we knew, two or three years ago, as sober and wealthy 
 citizens. Men are dying every day of delirium tremens, 
 whose known inebrieties go back but a few months 
 No where is intemperance so terrible a destroyer. It 
 invades all classes and ranks, and unmans those in stations, 
 to whose duties none but sober men are competent. It 
 is our bane and our curse, as nothing else is. 
 
 Do you say : Get up societies .' The Sons of Temperance 
 are doing what they can. Other organizations have been 
 had ; but they embraced only such as were staunch
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 137 
 
 temperance men all the while. The mass would not go 
 near them. Do you say : Lecture on the subject .' That 
 I am doing now. But how many would come to a formal 
 lecture ? We might gather an audience, now and tlicn, of 
 a Sunday ; but for that day wo have enough work already. 
 
 Hard as it is, we must " wait a little longer." The evil 
 makes head. It will soon be terrible. Our greatest and 
 most honored men are killing themselves. They begin to 
 see it, to feel it. There must be some reaction soon. 
 When that begin.s, our time will have come. We hope the 
 reaction will be as terrible and overwhelming, as is now the 
 scourge. Men smile increduously, when spoken to about 
 anything lilje the ]Maine law in California. But the day 
 may come, and that soon, when they wiU hail it as the star 
 of hope, and the harbinger of blessings, and will accept it as 
 their sole means of deliverance from personal thraldom, and 
 as the salvation of the state. 
 
 Look well to your ways, ye that love the maddening 
 cup. Beware of the cr.i-se, ye that put the bottle to your 
 neighbor's mouth. Cease from a traffic you can not praise, 
 ye men of the mart and the saloon. It can not be long ere 
 the condition of society, in respect to this vice, shall be 
 much worse or much better. You must go into universal 
 drunkenness, or reform. Which will you do t 
 
 10
 
 LECTURE YII 
 
 Now I saw in my dream, Avlien the morning glo\Y cliased 
 away the dewy slumbers from tlieir eyes, that Pilgrim and 
 Keep Faith rose refreshed. A sweet awe was ui^on their 
 spirits, and they felt a delightful calm. "The pearl of 
 The first day of days" had dawned. It was the Lord's day ; 
 the week. ^j^g ^^^ j^gp.). ^ijj.Q^g}j |Qj^g centurics — oh, of 
 
 what change, and turmoil, and strife, and weary march of 
 benignant power ! — as the ever fresh and bright memorial 
 of the scene in the vale of Arimathea, when tlie sealed 
 stone was rolled from the sepulcher of Jesus, and the angel, 
 with raiment white as the light, sat upon it, and the 
 resurrection was accomplished, the pledge and assurance, 
 that they that sleep in dust shall awake again. 
 
 There was a certain hush and stillness in the air, and tlic 
 fevered heat of life seemed to intermit and cool. In their 
 hearts they welcomed the sacred morning, and with reading, 
 meditation, and prayer, they began the day, resting 
 according to the commandment. 
 
 As they were duly summoned, they proceeded along a few 
 streets to obtain their morning repast. But in the thorough- 
 Sunday in the fares, it seemed to Pilgrim not much like 
 
 city of Embank- , o i i i • i '^i • t. i 
 
 merit. the babbaths in the cood citv of Rodemp-
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 139 
 
 tion. Stages wore whirling and rattlinu alDng, liaulins 
 up here and there, to add other passengers to the 
 crowd already proceeding on a wretched and godless 
 way. In several places they saw loaded teams ready 
 for starting, and others in process of packing and 
 loading. At various points there were goods, that had been 
 sold and marked, piled outside, which were yet to he 
 delivered ; before church time, it was to be hoped. Pilgrim 
 took note of the numbers, and names on the siorns, at such 
 places, for he thought it very likely he might come in 
 contact with those in business there, at some future day, 
 and in some other positions. 
 
 And then, there W3re rows and shops belonging to 
 Ephraim, Benjamin, and Judah ; where Judah often vexed 
 Mmiern men of Ephraim, and Epliraim envied Judah ; and 
 ''"''"^''' where nearly all failed to keep the Seventh 
 
 day, bocausj they were too poor to lose so much time and 
 trade, and then refused to keep the First day, because they 
 acknowledged no religious obligation to do so, or because 
 they had so religiously honored the" Seventh, according to 
 the laws of their nation. Thus they .seemed to imagine 
 they had saved something ; and would, after all, be able by 
 shrewd management, to keep a nameless ancient personage, 
 too well known, however, out of some of his dues. 
 
 They heard also thy ring of some anvils, saw men 
 Rnppings nr,t hauini'M-ing about .shattered vehicles, heard 
 
 spiriliial, not . 
 
 sacred. needless raspings and rappings in the carpenters' 
 
 shop of SJoesaw k. Slivers, and beheld various Celestials 
 doing only that which was fishy and terrestrial. They might 
 have seen much more that was contrary to the law of (xod, 
 the rules of good .society, and a proper regard for the 
 g.MiM-al welfare, if not contrary to the municipal law on the
 
 140 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 subject ; but, as tbey were not roving about for sight seeing, 
 they did not turn from the nearest course to the place 
 sought, although, as they returned upon the opposite side of 
 Funday evening the Street, they noticed a huge placard, 
 
 tlieatrical per- t i \ • • • i 
 
 formance. standing by a large tree, giving notice, that 
 
 some Chinese magicians and jugglers would perform on 
 Saturday, Sunday, arfd Monday evenings. 
 
 Pilgrhn asked if such things were allowed on Sabbath 
 evenings. He was told there was a municipal law forbidding 
 them ; but it remained to be seen whether the policemen 
 would arrest the parties, and bring them to trial, according 
 to the law, and so replenish the city treasury, out of the 
 pockets of such as were here simply to heathenize the 
 people, by showing them how to throw knives, and cut 
 throats, on Sunday night ; a sort of dexterity they needed 
 to know nothing more about, than they knew already. 
 
 When a bell or two rang for church, Rev. Mr. Augustine 
 told them they would, doubtless, learn more of the people, 
 and be more edified, if they went elsewhere to worship, 
 than at the place he " was wont to be at, as he was not 
 Modesty. accustomed to having such persons at his 
 
 church, and he was afraid he should be embarrassed, if he 
 should chance, during service, to look on their features, so 
 marked with the traces of their pilgiimage. They assented 
 to the arrangement made for them ; for Mr. Augustine was 
 so peculiar in his common speech, that they suspected his 
 preaching, out of the pulpit, might be less poor, than in it. 
 So Pilgrim went to hear one Mr. Prelacy, at ^ brick 
 structure, just rearing its ornamental pillars, but not 
 designed for a church. There was a well looking, quiet 
 congregation, and most of the seats were filled. The
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 1 11 
 
 Mr. Prelacy iiis scfvicc was fiiirly read and rendered, and the 
 sermon. semiou was creditable, the style of it ])ciug 
 
 inoori,>-h, rather than florid and ornate. But, still, the 
 Pilgrim was not inclined to converse on the topics discussed 
 iu the sermon, lie was averse to Sunday criticisms. 
 
 Keep Faith went in at the chapel of one Mr. Asbury, 
 with a small card on it, intimating that it might be 
 purchased, for some reason, and at a stated price. The 
 .Mr. Asbur\- his pi'^achcr ha<l a pleasant, full face, and a very 
 *^'"*''®'" modest, quiet air, and was not haggard any ; 
 
 as though cither his conscience, or his means of living, 
 harassed' and troubled him. lie preached well; and was 
 very earnest and fervent. But Keep Faith was sitting near 
 the door, and he thought tliere was no need of his speaking 
 so loud ; as the building was not large, and his ordinary 
 tones, so well modulated, could be heard anywhere. 
 
 As they were returning, after having dined, they separated 
 and went ditlbrent ways, for the purpose of seeing the 
 various Sabbath schools, and hearing the speakers in them ; 
 Pabbath schools, and they wcre not a little pleased with what 
 
 a field ill \v;int 
 
 ofiaborers. they heard and saw; but it did seem to them, 
 that there were very many more good people, and, those of 
 rare abilities, who might profitably devote themselves to so 
 excellent a kind of work. 
 
 When these exercises were over, ami they were on the 
 way back, the bustle, noiso, riding, and driving, they found 
 in the streets, caused them some surprise ; although they 
 knew, that, in Doomsend, Daueeport, Dragdown, and other 
 cities that way, it was the fashion to ride out on Sunday. 
 People in a bad ^^^^^ ^'O^c, as they alleged, for health, some 
 '*"*" for recreation, some for amusement, and some 
 
 for .spreeing. They were sorry to see the people of Embank-
 
 142 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 inent going so far, and so generally, with a practice, 
 certainly, not profitable, nor useful, on the whole, and often 
 detrimental and destructive, especially to those youth, 
 whose weekly earnings were apt to he squandered in 
 Sunday dissipations They were even more than sorry, 
 they were grieved ; for both of them thought they saw some 
 persons going out to ride, whose faces they had looked on at 
 the morning services. Perhaps it was a case of necessity. 
 Reasons for fro- Were some of their friends taken suddenly ill ? 
 
 inn out on the 
 
 Lord's day. Were they in a dying condition ? Had these 
 persons been summoned to a funeral ? • Perhaps they had. 
 For the present, at least, let it be supposed so. 
 
 And now, when it was evening, and the crescent moon 
 began to .shed her silvery light, the bells rang again, and 
 they went out together, through a street, along which num- 
 )»ers were flocking, in the same direction. The street was 
 uneven, in some low parts there was mud, and the ground 
 A street to be '^^^ littered and stumpy; and Keep Faith 
 unproved. Qverhcard a youth saying to his companion, 
 
 wlio had stumbled' and nearly fallen, that it was too bad to 
 be in danrjer a;ettini>' " sloao-hcd" on the way to church. 
 
 At a certain corner they parted, and Keep Faith went 
 into a long, narrow building, with a spire on it. It was 
 neatly painted and papered. The music was very creditable, 
 and all the services well sustained. The preacher Avas a 
 Meeting' in tho ^^^^^^-^ man. Carefully dressed, lie had a fine 
 L-\eniiiL'. voice, round and smooth, a)id managed with 
 
 .skill. He was vigorous and enthusiastic, as a speaker; he 
 was cultivated and pleasing in his address ; his sermon was 
 instructive; and Keep Faith came away not at all di.>isatisfied 
 with his evening's experience. 
 
 Pilgrim entered a still unfinished structure, of brick, on
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 143 
 
 the small, l>ro\vn corner :«tone of which, lie could read, by 
 the dun light, only, '' M. E. Church, 1S52." There was a 
 A now and spa- *^"' confrogation present. He sat on a rough 
 cious church. ggj^^^ without a back, as there were but few 
 seats there of any other sort. The singers gallery was up 
 very high from the floor, and the ceiling was so lofty as to 
 lack proportion. The walls were white, plain, and neat ; 
 the windoVvs, long and narrow, and far too numerous; and 
 the chandeliers were quite rich and expensive. All this he 
 saw at a glance The preacher was a slender man, with 
 light hair, and long visage, but he had a good e^'e, and his 
 voice had much compass, and he used it with no slight 
 eaergy. lie dealt iu plain talk, and earnest logic, and when 
 aroused, produced a deep impression. There was a noisy 
 reverberation overhead, because the ceiling was too high ; 
 and, but for that, the speaking might not have seemed 
 either loud or violent. 
 
 Pilgrim came away, rejoicing that so much had been 
 Miii-h more tobe performed and accomplished by this society, 
 undertaken. ^^^ Y)y the community, iu general, for the 
 churches in Embankment, for they did not goto all of them, 
 yet, feeling sensibly, that much more should be done speedily 
 in tlie erection of handsome church edifices. 
 
 And now the labors and privileges of the day were over. 
 The moon went down, but the mild stars kept their watch, 
 wliile the little company sang : " Thine earthly .Sabbaths, 
 Lord, we love," and then committed themselves to the care 
 of Hina, under whose shadowing wings men securely trust, 
 and laid them down to sweet repose. 
 
 The sun was scarcely risen, when they were aroused by 
 the rap-tap-tap of the coopers, the whang and creak of the
 
 144 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Mechanical la- maclunists, and tlie clink and pound nf the 
 hors begun. gmitlis, all hard by. They rose with exhilara- 
 
 tion, for the sound of industry and labor was not unwelcome ; 
 especially, when free from the commingling of obscene, 
 vulgar, and profane language. 
 
 They were soon ready for the day's journeyings, and went 
 forth in the cool and delightful air of the morning. 3Ir. 
 Augustine introduced Pilgrim and Keep Faith to one Mr. 
 Antiquary, and to one Mr. Severus Sharp ; and left them in 
 Neu- acquain- *^^ ^'^^'^ 0^ those persous. The travelers soon 
 ^*"'^^*" found themselves in front of a two story edifice, 
 
 of brick, of the doubtful style of architecture, rather low 
 and flat, and too nearly square. Mr. Antiquary said it had 
 not been quite so long in building as Solomon's temple, but 
 there had been noise enough made about it, by masons 
 Court House. Speculative, and masons practical, and by 
 hewers of wood and mixers of mortar ; and, in fact, it was 
 not quite finished yet, at the end of thirty and three months ; 
 but Solomon had an advantage over these builders, in not 
 having to pay in County Scrip, One Hundred Thousand 
 Dollars, in order to make Fifty Thousand in current coin. 
 
 They must needs go through the building, however, and up 
 the stairs, and look about them. They were shown into the 
 rooms where the honorable men had places, while the 
 fugitive capital tarried in this region. Mr. Sharp took them 
 abcut the room of the Assembly. 
 
 He said that the Assembly that met there was a body, 
 which had a sprinkling of true men in it, and some sterling 
 legislators, who wished to honor their state, their constituency, 
 and themselves, and to comply with the decencies, proprie- 
 ties, and amenities of people, well mannered, enlightened, and 
 christianized. Accordingly they proposed to have chaplains
 
 M O 
 
 O %. 
 
 E-i a, 
 
 < 5
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 145 
 
 Chaphtins not in ^^ opc'ii tlirir daily sessions with prayer. IJut 
 reque»t. ^^^^ majority took no such view of the matter. 
 
 They must save time, and save the people's money, and 
 save reliirion tVom beinj^ mixed np with secular affairs, and 
 save themselves from the necessity of feelins; any such moral 
 restraint, as might ari.se therefrom. 
 
 One man i'liared the union of church and state. Another 
 was a sceptic, and wanted no prayers. A third didn't want 
 any body to groan and grimace him to heaven. As if, 
 forsooth, his prospects were so bright they might not be 
 improved. A fourth looked on a legislative body as a 
 sort of mill for grinding out laws ; and it wi're just as proper 
 to open a cotton mill with ])ra_ver, as such a body. ]Jut 
 Reasons for de- Mr. Sharp thouirht it made some difference 
 
 c'.ining public _ "- 
 
 prayers. wliat animals were put upon the tread ; and if 
 
 it should do no good to pray for these legislators, it might 
 be to the purpose, to j)ray that we might have no more such. 
 
 So, he said, after tliey had thrice rejected the proposition 
 to have a chaplain, the effort to have one was given up, and 
 the body went on in its own chosen and hand.some way, 
 astonishing the state with its rare brilliance, excelleuee, 
 uncommon dignity, and transcendent worth. 
 
 The room adjoining, was the one in which the Senate sat. 
 This was a far more ijuiet and well ordered bod)' of men, 
 fc^enators. who had emjilov.'d a clia]ilain, finm the very 
 
 first, and kept evenly on their way ; though, like the other 
 house, they took no steps against a member, who had fought 
 a dud during the session, an<l could not longiM-, by the terms 
 of the constitution, hold office. 
 
 As they came out of this building, after a brief survey of 
 Entertaininoiit jt, they saw, ou the oppositc side of the street, 
 
 for men and aiii- ' ri • i ■• i 
 
 mills- a Congress Hall, and a Lajutol L.xchaiige,
 
 140 THE CALIFORNtA PILGRIM. 
 
 where members, who coukl'nt afford time for prayers, used 
 to retrciit, refresh, jiml rcfrigonite, for hours together. 
 Corrals and hay were kept out hack, for ^ueli animals, from 
 the tread mill of legislation, as could not, for weariness, or 
 other cause, take themselves off" at night, and had no friends 
 to put them into a hand cart. 
 
 They stopped, for a moment, to admire the beautiful 
 cottage near by, so <|uict and homelike, and, in latter times, 
 so M'ell possessed At the Alpha Zeta house. Pilgrim 
 asked Keep Faith, who was a scholar, the meaniug of the 
 name. Keep Faith said it was too deep for him ; and for 
 aught he could see, some other (J reek letters would do as 
 well, and Alpha Upsilon might be substituted. ]iut it made 
 a name, and perhaps that was euough, as the man believed, 
 who called his sons Primus, Secundiis, and so on, to 
 Duodecimus. 
 
 On the corner was a nameless place, formerly given over 
 Fiin.i.iii-'o est.i- ^'^ orgies and carousals, that kept the people of 
 
 blish.ncLt. jj,^ ^^,,,^^j^ ^jI^^^^^j, ^^^..,j.^, (iji ,„„n,ing, with 
 
 fiddles, and drums, and stentorian lungs shouting the figures, 
 movements, and steps, as the drunken dance Avent (Ui ; but 
 now it was far more orderly and quiet ; and possibly it was 
 nuieh changed for the better, with now proprietors. 
 
 On two sides of them, now again, were those interminable 
 hay stacks, yards, and stables, with their men of delicato 
 speech and delicious airs, and strings of lame and rickety 
 vehicles, and herds of costly swine, and specimens of 
 howling dogs. As they proceeded, ?>Ir. Antiquary saw that 
 Improvements, one building, long a place of more notoriety 
 than good fame, had lost its hermit's sign, and that the house 
 adjoining was closed, after liaving been kept by these and 
 those as a conventicle for such as loved the darkness. But
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 147 
 
 he easily consoled himself under the slight touch of grief he 
 felt, thougli things were not as they used to be. A little 
 further on, was the poet\s corner, at the light, and a dung and 
 rubbi.sh acre, on the left. 
 
 And now I saw that tiiey mounted upon one of the high 
 Old courthouse, embaukmsuts of the city, having the ancient 
 fountain of justice, now run entirely dry, on one hand, and 
 a down east hotel, swarming with fair ladies, on the other. 
 There were flourishing shade trees in line, and cottages 
 behind them, overlooking the lake. While they admired the 
 view, toward the west, Mr. Sharp could not help turning to 
 the cast, and saying, that the proprietors of the land should 
 raise the grade of the whole street, out to the high land and 
 the Libert}' pole ; and thus bless pedestrians, and riders, 
 and drivers, and advantage also themselves and the 
 communit}-, 
 
 When thoy came to the Orient, the proprietor politely 
 View from the showcd them to the top of that tall structure, 
 " '^'■'^""''•" overlooking the town, and the plain, on all sides. 
 There were the silver rivers, the little lake, the broad acres, 
 the farm houses, the timber belts, the monuments of the 
 past, the city of the dead, the vast tulares, the changing 
 verdure, the autumn glow, and the busy, bustling city, all 
 in view, as in a moment. And it was a rare sight, and 
 combination, such as Bustledom could no where else 
 present to citizen or traveler. 
 
 And when tliey were told of the changes of time, and 
 what !Mr. Antiquary had seen in three brief voais ; it all 
 appeared to them like a dream, and they seemed to them- 
 selves to be only in a vision, standing there on the house 
 top, and gazing. How beautiful must this prospect i ecome,
 
 148 THE CALIFOUNrA PILGUIM. 
 
 A prospect of the ^^^"^ ^^^- Sharp, wlien the mayor and council 
 *^"""'^' shall have executed a decree, that green trees 
 
 sliall (rrow, a score of feet apart, along every street of the 
 expanding city, and the whole outspread shall have changed 
 to a scene of verdure, culture, blossom, fruit, trcUised 
 vine, flowering border, and sweet home, and joyous life ! 
 
 AVhcn they were sati.-'fied with seeing, they descended to 
 the stdjet, nnd discovered another huge stabling establish- 
 nient, right across the way, but tiicrc were no hay stacks in 
 siglit. Th'^y proceeded along the highway, and Mr. 
 Anti(juary was in fine spirits, for they were coming to the 
 The stories „f ^"^"i'^'^*^ po''ti*^ns of the city. He showed them, 
 Mr. Antiquary. ^^ ^^^q right, the spot wherc a certain worthy 
 Professor's corral had been, where the team was quartered 
 which he .si>;iietiines drove, and sometimes a former county 
 niHcer, in his turn. He .'showed tlicm wliere there had been 
 coal pits burned, before the cit)'- of ]']mbanknient was even 
 thought of, or the gold beds found, lie pointed out the 
 very frame of a frail structure, built.by a retired clergy-man, 
 at an early day, for a meat market and .so on, who, 
 HCcordiug to the saying of his rival neighbors, usod to chop 
 sau.sage moat all the week, and rehash an old sermon for 
 Sunday. 
 
 Then, he indicated the spot, by an overhanging vine, and 
 beneath shady oaks, where was built, by the same Professor 
 The first school "^^'''^ Owned the team, in July, '49, the first 
 '°"*®' school house in Embankment, where was 
 
 taught, by a graduate of " Yale," the first day school, and 
 begun the first Sabbath school, in the whole valley. But of 
 that fjvmous structure, at the end of three years, nearly 
 every trace had disappeared. And those who once frequented 
 it were scattered far and wide, from Orient to Occident ;
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 149 
 
 and some slept their long sleep, in mountain graves, or 
 among the coral beds of the green sea. 
 
 At the head of Third street was a spot, in ancient times 
 known as the " tertium quid," where was a tent in the' 
 autumn of '49, in which was a card table, a negress, and a 
 seventh rate ^uble fiddler ; and there, all night long, wa.s 
 sy.npi.onies and thcrc, on the barc ground, such dancing, noise, 
 tiio fantastic toe. j-^^giy^ and coufusion, as might madden a 
 mule, or excruciate a rhinoceros. In process of time, the 
 " quid" became a " quarter," and Was designated by the 
 prefix of Guinea. 
 
 The population has increased in Gruinca quarter, and the 
 buildings have grown and multiplied ; but its character has 
 scarcely improved; and thither the black "wave rolls 
 nightly," and, dark as evening. Is the cloud of negroes, 
 shuffling rapidly. There they drink, smoke, and swear; 
 Practices in wear gold rings, heavy chains, and double 
 quarter. '" '" repeaters, and sport cultivated mustachies ; 
 gamble, curse, fisticuff, and shoot pistols; dance, sing, 
 <|uarrcl, Jiud call the police ; and, in fine, do all other acts 
 :ind things which sable, free, and independent gentlemen 
 may, of right, do, to place themselves on a level with their 
 more bleached and angular brethren, of the city ; except 
 that they are spared all concern about darkening the hue of 
 their legs, or of painting their nasal organs with vermillion. 
 Going onward, they passed another stable, on the left, 
 and various buildings for machinery, on the right; one of 
 which looked like a coffee and spice mill. Mr. Sharp said 
 he was once in such an establishment, prominently situated 
 in San Fastopolis, and ere he was aware, he got beyond the 
 " No Admittance,", and, with his own eyes, he saw coffee
 
 150 THE CALIFORNIA I'lLGRIM. 
 
 •'Piiro crHiind 1>c;in.s, and Cliilc beans, poing tofrctlier into tlic 
 ■'*''"■" cottoe hopper to bo ground ; and liow in the 
 
 world thoy got them ai>art afterward lie did not see. lie 
 Iftjped tliey were more on their guard here against such 
 mistakes. 
 
 J'assing one more stable, on the loft, tlioy caiiie to an 
 ancicut corner, the oldest two story building in ail the eity, 
 and once owned by a man who came within a few votes of 
 bLiing <J-ovcrnor. It soennd, in rocent months, to have 
 An ancient degenerated la the character of its occupants ; 
 '"'"'"^■'' but of the present ones Mr. Auti«juary said he 
 
 know nothing. lie was sorry to seo them, by the new 
 embankment, turning the whole corner so decidedly out of 
 town, without touching it; but ho supposed it could not bo 
 helped. They passed on, by the ferry landing, the fish 
 place, the bath house, and the water works, to the old Sutter 
 reserve, which the Pioneer had kept as a landing place for 
 his canoes, scows, Indians, and so on, in all time to come ,in 
 ease he should need some such spot, for the exclusive use 
 and behoof of himself and his retinues. They visited the 
 breach through the embankment, made on a certain feai'ful 
 night, whereof no pilot sings ; and .saw also the spot where 
 the first little steam craft that rippled the stream, tied up, 
 and surrendered her cargo, at the mouth of the outlet of 
 ]jake Sutter. 
 
 Turning back, they walked along the famous levee, and 
 looked across to the town on the opposite .'^hore, lying 
 (juietly in its easy dignity, as if in haste about nothing. 
 Then Mr. Antiquary called their attention to a lot, f.iom 
 Another venera- which a spacious building had recently gone, 
 bie edifice. ^^ demolition. It was once set np far a grist 
 
 mill, on the American river, but was removed to town, and
 
 THE CALIFORXIA PILGRIM. 151 
 
 known last as the " City Hotel," and took its place there in 
 September of '49, tUe great lion of the town in those days, 
 and it was kept by Messrs, 13irdsnare & Cook. Mr. 
 Antiquary remembered a certain marriage there .'solemnized 
 by a sickly young minister, at which were pre.sent a renowned 
 The first wed- gentleman of the bar, and others. He had not 
 *"'"=■ seen tlic parties since ; but it was an affair 
 
 with peculiarities ; a thing to be remembered quite as long 
 as the building itself. A little fartlier on, was the site of 
 the oldest " round tent," the grand saloon of the day, 
 where cards were shuffled, fortunes were lost, brains were 
 addled, passions were fired, heart, and liopo, a)id honor 
 were blighted, and ruined mortab cursed tlioit- dny. Aixl 
 hard by it, was the site of the old Kagle tlR-ater, so 
 Tiie first tiiea- carly iu voguc, and so caily cat in;.' u^^d tlu- 
 '^''' proprietors' f(n'tuues. It was constructed of 
 
 wood and cloth; but jMr. Autitjuary was never inside of it. 
 He might, however, have cut his way in, as otlieis were 
 thought to have done, though one could hear as well 
 outside as if he were iu. Beyond this, in the cntre of the 
 block, had been al.-o, in the same days, a noted restaurant, 
 with gauze, gimp, and frippery, about the windows — how 
 costly and magnificent in those days ! It was called the 
 White huiise. "White Housc for its paint; and, though kept 
 by a colored man, was decidedly in the fashion, and 
 patronized by great men, rich men, swelling men, and 
 dashing men, with money to spare. 
 
 The} were now opposite the main thoroughfare of Em- 
 bankment, and were looking down through the long vista, 
 all alive with business and bustle, when there dashed around 
 the corner, on which stood the very oldest tenement in the 
 city, now the shabbiest and meanest of all places to look
 
 152 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 on, two gentlemen on horseback, seldom seen together, 
 although they were copartners in the practice of law. They 
 were not old, nor handsome ; not quite old enough yet to be 
 Attorneys at law. out of the conceit of their power to captivate 
 the most unimpassioned and reserved of the lovelier sex. 
 Mr. Sharp said he know them well. Their names were 
 (rarnish and Gripe. Tliey were from different sections of 
 the Union, originally, were of opposite politics, went to 
 different churches, when they condescended to go at all, 
 never boarded at the same place, nor dressed alike, nor did 
 they seem to have any natural athnitics. 
 
 Mr. Sharp said, that bu.'iiness and profits made strange 
 bedfellows. It was convenient to have a law firm in sym- 
 pathy with both sides in politics ; and he had known iu- 
 Principies, not stances iu which the two associated had been 
 *"*"• previously on the same side, and had flipped 
 
 up a quarter to decide which of them should go over to the 
 otlier. These arrangements of convenience were not to be 
 overlooked, in any line of business. There would be, fre- 
 (juently, an out door man, and an in door man ; a writing 
 man, and a talking man ; one to get business, another to 
 do it ; one to work, another to play ; one to do the spreeing, 
 another to keep up the dignity ; one to be "hail fellow well 
 met," at all sorts of places, the other to move only in select 
 circles ; one to do the affable and enact the agreeable, the 
 other to be stern, to frown, and to brow beat ; one to be 
 the Garnish, the other to act the Gripe. It is a great city, 
 no doubt, this of ours, said Mr. Sharp, but there are some 
 little things of this sort we don't yet understand fully, and 
 various priv'ate ai-rangements, that would make a sensation, 
 could they all at once be revealed. 
 
 They now came upon a group of three ; one of whom Mr.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM.* 153 
 
 Sharp called Di*. Moneymake ; the second, Captaia ; the 
 Affixing titles, third, Judge. It turned out soon, that he had 
 fixed the titles all right, though he had no acquaintance 
 with any but the Doctor. When Keep Faith asked him to 
 explain how he came to be so accurate in the matter, Mr. 
 Sharp remarked, that, when he saw three strangers in 
 Embankment, or even in Bustledom any where, he was sure 
 to call one Doctor, one Captain, and one Judge ; if there 
 was a fourth, he called him Esquire ; a fifth. General ; a 
 sixth. Honorable ; and, if a seventh, with a spruce hat on, 
 but with boots cracked, and run down at the heel, he 
 called him Reverend. If there were any more than the 
 seven, he should begin and go round again, but would 
 double the Doctors. In respect to fixing the titles upon 
 the right persons, he could give no rule very exact, but it 
 Distribution of would comuionly be safe to call the seediest 
 honors. ^^^^ Judge ; the rummiest one, Esquire ; the 
 
 supplest one. Doctor ; the roughest one. Captain ; the 
 portliest one, Honorable ; the showiest one, General ; and 
 the threadbare one. Reverend. 
 
 Proceeding down the levee, they examined the hulka 
 moored along in line, looking desolate enough, dismantled 
 and transmuted, withdrawn for ever from the bound, and 
 sweep, and play of the ocean waves, to lie there and 
 consume by time and decay ; just as old men, whose 
 limbs refuse longer to carry them, succumb to their fate. 
 They went on the levee far enough to look at the hugest 
 and grandest of all the venerable oaks and sycamores, that 
 once had been, but were no more, a fine feature in 
 Embankment ; and, also, at the oldest of all the bricks — 
 the brick buildings — not the oldest of the " order of bricks," 
 
 in the town. 
 11
 
 ]54 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Then they turned back into a street, on which fronted 
 Another theater, the Pacific theater, a biiiUlinfr which ha'd f^unk 
 more money, in proportion to its cost, than any other in the 
 place ; and yet men would still try to renovate and revive? 
 the concern, dead as it was to anythinjif like popularity. 
 Mr. Sharp said, he thoujrlit it might he turned to some 
 profit as a stable, for he saw that the city market, hard by, 
 was stowed full of hay for winter^s use, but, whether for the 
 accommodation of loafers, or horses, he could'nt determine. 
 
 Keep Faith wished Mr. Antiqnary to explain the reasons 
 How the citv f*^'" ^^^^^ "" appropriation of a public building, 
 Ser ^*ouso in the middle of a street. He said there were, 
 not Its own. ^^^ years or more ago, some patriotic persons, 
 who wore desirous of extending the city in that direction ; 
 and, wishing to obtain the aid of the Council, they offered to 
 build a market house, to take their pay out of stall rents, 
 and then give it up to the city, provided the Council would 
 pass a law, requiring all marketing to be done in that 
 buildini^r. The agreement was made ; the building erected ; 
 and the law passed. But the market men would not go 
 there , and the Council had not promised to drive them 
 there, and so the project failed. Of course, some of those 
 most concerned were down on the Council, with considerable 
 Indignation. powor of indignation, reminding them each of 
 the two hundred dollars per month they were receiving, 
 and hinting that they might properly vote themselves 
 medals, as their cousins in San Fastopolis had done ; 
 suggesting that the material might be any thing they 
 fancied, from sole leather or sheet iron, up to topaz or 
 diamonds, set in gold. 
 
 The state hospital was near, and they went silently through 
 Hospital. its various wards, and departed, for the scenes
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 155 
 
 they witnossad were saddaniag ones, as thsy must be. Mr. 
 Sharp said the intention of the state was to provide amply 
 for all suif'jreis, and it had done nobly in the matter ; and 
 the city of Embankment likewise, had, every year, paid out 
 scores of thousands for taking care of the sick, and dying, 
 and dead. As to this branch hospital, he said he was no 
 doctor, and had no patients to discourse about, nor anything 
 to say coneerning the management of it, but he was 
 acquainted with a number of " Odd Fellows" that had. 
 
 Going onward till they came to the low grounds, they 
 '■ Build not voiir turned to the right, around a squat, square 
 house too high." jjuiijiog^ standing on stilts, and higher than 
 the fence, bringing back, with its emptiness and eminence, 
 memories, more cool than refreshing, of a deluge, a good 
 while after Noah's. They went a block or two along this 
 street, wide and handsome, where were tasteful dwellings, 
 and comfortable and (juiet homes, yards, gardens, flowers, 
 vines, and shrubbery, in various stages of advancement. 
 Then they were taken one side, by Mr. Antiquary, to the 
 spot where the gallows had stood, on which the authorities 
 and people of the town had executed three wretched men, 
 more than a twelve month before ; and the work had 
 been done so thoroughly, they hoped, as to spare them the 
 necessity of ever doing it for any others. 
 
 Having gone across other low grounds, they stopped to 
 witness the process of brick making ; and to rest themselves 
 in the shade of a tree. A man, with an apron on, long in 
 A brick yard. persou and sharp faced, with a curl in his lip, 
 one eye half closed, his hat on one side of his stiff hair, 
 came up, introducing himself as the boss, one Ezekiel 
 Pennyshavc, 'prenticed and edycated jest round Bosting. 
 S'pose ye wanter hire, don't ye .' Can't give much ; times
 
 156 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 (lull ; iiiakin notliin. No, sir, said Pilgrim ; wo only wish to 
 look on a moment. "Wall, yc can't steal this trade, no 
 hcow. Ef yc don't wantcr git work,ye'll dicker, won't ye .'' 
 ciiaiirp for a 'ihcrc's a watch, rcg'Iar bull's eye, sell her for 
 ''"''^'"" twenty five dollars; runs hand.<ou»e. No 
 
 (juicre .' ]*r'aps you'll sell then ; wliat'llyc take for yourn f 
 Pay in luick, liftecn dollars a thousand; I s'lect 'em. 
 Don't want tu sell, eh .' IJut you liaint got no pistols ! I'll 
 sellyer one ; she's a smoker ; kill a hear dead's a door nail ; 
 only forty dollars. But they were not in want. 
 
 So, when they had been questioned thus, for a quarter of 
 an hour, they rose up to go, and bade the boss good day. 
 They had gone but a few yards, when they heard Ezckiel 
 Pennyshave saying, hello, there, Mister, what'll ye take for 
 A stair. that air prop.- (Meaning Mr. Antiquary's 
 
 gold headed cane.) ]Mr. Antiquary said it was a friend's 
 gift, for saving him from being drowned, and he could not 
 part with it. Oh ! said he, you don't say so, drownded .' 
 Wall, it's a capital stick. See here, said he then, ef yc 
 travel much furder that way, ye '11 be " pilgrims on the 
 scorchiu sand," 'cordon to the psa'm book. They went on, 
 however, by brick yards, pig styes, ditches, sand heaps, and 
 sand holes ; through dust, and through bushes ; and came, 
 at last, to the " city of the dead." 
 
 There they were busied, a long time, in looking for the 
 The citv feme- gi'^vos of some of their acquaintances, who 
 '^'■^' had fallen by the way, in the weaiy march of 
 
 the onward liosts, through the land of gold. "While they 
 were thus employed, they sun went down ; and, oh, for the 
 hundreds there, how many suns had set to rise no more ! 
 They hastened away, for all around was ashy, earthy, and 
 desolate, given utterly over to dreariness, neglect, and
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 157 
 
 decay. The firmament hung out its twinlding lamps, and 
 the moon flooded the wide plain with her silver sheen, as 
 they returned, and sought their place of rest. 
 
 MORAL. 
 
 Among the most durable mementos of decayed nations 
 and extinct races are their sepulchers. The tombs" they 
 built arc now their monuments. These exist in the; 
 catacombs and pyramids of Egypt, in the rocky caves of 
 Petra, in the buried and now exhumed cities of Assyria, 
 amid the ruins of Central America, and in the mounds 
 of the aborigines of our country. 
 
 Those who constructed them, might have had some dim 
 notion, that the bodies they entombed were to revive ; but 
 they had no revelation from God to that purport. Their 
 extreme care for the dead was, the>'efore, as extraordinary 
 as it was commendable. 
 
 But we have a revelation from God, and we believe on 
 the ground of it, in the resurrection of the body. So 
 believing, it seems but natural th:it we should cherish, with 
 peculiar interest, the graves of our lost ones, wlio sleep in 
 the dust. It is natural. And it is fit and proper. Yet, 
 us a community, we are acting an unnatural part. Our 
 city cemetery lies without an enclosure, exposed to all sorts 
 of ravages, and to the trampling of beasts, clean and unclean. 
 Every green growth is gnawed and broken, and the grass is 
 trodden into the soil. There is much shrubbery there of a 
 native growth. The spot is a natural flower bed. Securel}- 
 fenced, in a single season it would begin to bloom in beauty, 
 and would cease to off'cnd by its barren aspect. 
 
 There are two thousand graves there ; one half of them, 
 graves of men under thirty, who fell, while yet the visions
 
 158 THE CAMFORMA PII.(;UIM. 
 
 of their youth were brifjht ; and those graves are so many 
 voices callin;^ ou our authorities and our citizens to do, what 
 wo h;ivo lonsT besought thtin to do, in the matter. They 
 have no valid excuse to make. This neglott is eriniinal. 
 Ah, if they all expected to lay their own liodies there, it 
 might soon be a hallowed and beautiful s|)ot ; where wc 
 should love to go often, and to linger, and to commune with 
 the departed, and to rej<jice in the hope of a blessed 
 resurrection! !May such a change come speedily, over 
 our cemetery !
 
 LECTURE VIII. 
 
 Now I saw in my dream, that the little company that 
 was lodging at Mr. Augustine's house, was awakened very 
 early in the morning, long before the sun was risen, by a 
 loud knock at the door. The man who knocked was Mr. 
 Mr 5t,-.unchman Stannchiuan, who had been with Pilgrim and 
 en route. his companions One day at San Fastopolis. He 
 
 had left that city the evening previous, and, by a fleet 
 steamer, had come to Embankment ; and was on his way 
 into the country, to find the " golden wedge of Ophir." 
 He had secured a seat in the stage, and was now come 
 to give Mr. Augustine a call, before the hour of departure. 
 
 The appearance of Pilgrim and Keep Faith, as they 
 came down stairs, gave him a pleasant surprise, for he 
 did not anticipate meeting them again. When they had all 
 joined in a service of morning thanksgiving and praise, the 
 three accompanied Mr. Staunchman to the Increase City 
 hotel, where he was to take his seat in the Troy coach, 
 and then go whirling over the plains, which they must 
 traverse on foot, when they were able. 
 
 They found a large crowd collected about the hotel, 
 Stage office. completely jamming the side walks in front. 
 The street itself was also nearly blocked up with stages, and
 
 160 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 horses, and baggage, and men. The runners and agents 
 were busy selling tickets, and shouting out at the top of 
 their voices, the destination, speed, qualities, and so on, of 
 their respective lines aud vehicles. Opposition was rife, 
 and the competition was sharp. The drivers were sitting 
 upon their boxes, attending to their restive teams. Passen- 
 gers were crowding inside, crawling to the top, mounting 
 "A few more "pou the boot, and trying to stick in places 
 men';'''^strr"''rn ^^i^t could hardly bc Called seats ; so that 
 
 five .niiiules." ^^^^^^ ^^.^^^ 1^,^^.^,^ ^^ j^^]. ]|j.g ^ elustciof 
 
 human bees. 
 
 At length, the drivens cracked their long whips, 
 and the teams dashed off, one after another, full tilt, up the 
 street. "When a dozen or fifteen of them had gone, the 
 candy boys, the newspaper boys, the "porters, and the lookers 
 on, began to disperse, and some degree of quiet was restored 
 to the noisy street. The travelers also went thence, to 
 breakfast with their host, remarking that they could now 
 perceive the need there was of so many stables aud hay 
 yards in Embankment. 
 
 Groing out from a high and peculi/ir hotel, a little way, 
 they looked back upon it, standing slender aud tall, above 
 "The aueen ^^^ ^*^ neighbors, with its piazza, and balus- 
 ^"y-" trades running around the second and third 
 
 stories, set oft" with fancy railings, ginger bread, carved work, 
 and cheap ornaments, all neatly covered with white paint. 
 These features combined gave the structure a large and 
 handsome appearance, though it really lacked breadth and 
 capacity, until it took to itself the humbler edifice adjoining. 
 
 From one thoroughfare to another, they went by a cross 
 street, having a white chapel, and the drab colored church 
 of the Padre, on their left, and smiths' shops, wagon shops,
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 161 
 
 crazy old running gear, remnants of everything, bars of iron, 
 bags of coal, heaps of cinders, and unused timber, on their 
 right. 
 
 Turning to the right, they went westward on a street, 
 whose designation was a letter nearly central in the alphabet. 
 On the block thoy passed first, were boarding houses, horse 
 stables, and harness shops, mixed up strange!}' together, 
 and allowing scarcely room for a doctor and a lawyer to get 
 offices in anywhere. 
 
 They noticed the peculiar arcliitecture of this block but 
 slightly, for their attention was drawn at once to the crowd, 
 hubbub, noise and confusion, at the next corners ; where, 
 indeed, was such a sight and scene as they never beheld or 
 Imagined before. It was very like, they foncied, to the 
 The Sacramento p'^co of trade in Vanity Fair, where the 
 horse market. ancient Pilgrim and his friends .-tirred up such 
 a commotion ; as was written about, two hundred years ago. 
 Here were hundreds of men of all tongues, peoples, and 
 nations, [of all varieties of colors, dresses, and features. 
 Here were oxen, horses, and mules, of all sizes, ages, and 
 descriptions. Here, were wagons, yokes, chains, saddles, 
 bridles, blankets, spurs, whips, and halters. All for sale, at 
 public vendue. Dogs, swine, kittens, and rabbits, were to be 
 bad by private agreement. There were four men, mounted on 
 blocks, divested of their coats, who were auctioneering, 
 each his own property in live stock, and crying their bids 
 and setting forth the qualities of their animals, in the very 
 loudest tones, and so overwhelming each other, as not 
 always to be tible to hear th(Mnsel'^es. Others were riding 
 their animals about to show them off, and calling for bids as 
 they sat in the saddles. Others still, were mounted upon 
 wagons in the street, and were bellowing, and shouting, and
 
 163 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 frothing at the mouth, in trying to sell out team and vehicle 
 together, as they stood where they might be examined. 
 
 Large, two storied buildings occupied the corner lots ; all 
 full of windows, above and below ; having piazzas, stoops, 
 baliLstradc.<i, and lattice work railings, on the two fronts. 
 The corner which Were painted gaudily. The whole of 
 •tands. jjjg lower floors were devoted to saloons for 
 
 drinking, sporting, and gaming. Stands for cake, coffee, 
 and punch, were on the two opposite corners, were inserted 
 into every crevice in the vicinity, and were trundled 
 about on wheels, keeping company witli nut, fruit, and 
 candy pedlers. 
 
 Overshadowing the crowd, on either side of the street, 
 stood two venerable old oaks, that leaned toward each 
 other, till tjicir branches met above the centre of the street. 
 The irces near -^ ^i^^lc Way south of these trees, stood a 
 *'^'" sycamore, one of whose limbs had carried 
 
 weight in the person of Hoe, a gambler, who, in shooting at 
 a victim, had killed a man that was passing by. He was 
 tried by a citizens' jury, and hung the same night, by torch 
 light. This was in February, 1851 ; and Hoe was the first 
 man hung in Eiubanknient, but, unhappily, not tha last. 
 
 "When Pilgrim and Keep Faith had looked on awhile, 
 
 to their very great amusement, if not instruction, they were 
 
 Tiiey go one joined by Mr. Sharp again, and retired, a 
 
 side t(i he rid of , , . . 
 
 the din. sliort distance, to a spot whero then* voices 
 
 could be heard ; for what with pigs, dogs, men, mules, 
 horses, and cattle, the screaming, clatter, din, and roar, were 
 deafening to those near, and might be heard several blocks 
 off. And this they found was the same every day, from 
 morning till noon : the market being always full of some- 
 thino; to sell.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 163 
 
 Pilgrim now inquired on wliat principle the sales were 
 conducted. Mr. Sharp said that the auctioneers were 
 licensed by the authorities, and any one selling by auction 
 without license, was liable to pay a fine. The auctioneers 
 received about ten per cent, coramission when they sold 
 stock for others. They were much in the habit of buying 
 Peter Funks' oc- at private sale, and selling at auction. Of 
 
 cupation not vet i i i • 
 
 gone. ■ course, when men sold their own property, 
 
 they must have their own bidders, to run the animals up to 
 paying prices, or to buy them in. That practice would 
 account for the occurrence, sometimes witnessed, of the sale 
 of the same animal two or three times in a day, when times 
 were dul', and bidding was slow. 
 
 In another wa}'', the same animals were often sold, and 
 the purchasers too. Men not skilled in that kind of trade, 
 would buy innocently, and pay for horses, without getting 
 any bill of sale, or warranty, from responsible parties. Ere 
 they could get the animals purchased away from the market, 
 Purchasing at souic pcrsou would reclaim them, on the 
 
 more risks than 
 
 one. ground that they had been stolen from him, 
 
 as he could prove property by bill of sale, or by brand. 
 So they would lose their money. In a day or two the 
 same horses would be knocked oif to another innocent 
 purchaser, and be reclaimed again. Without some warranty, 
 no one could be sure he was not buying a stolen horse, or, 
 at least, one he could not retain. 
 
 And then there was a large business done by some in 
 receiving stolen horses and altering the brands ; so that when 
 a claimant came he could identify the horse every way, 
 except in the very important matter of the brand. There 
 were those in the community who had copies of all the 
 brands in use on the large ranches in various sections.
 
 164 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Brands and their They would take thcse and have them so 
 "***■ changed, by additions, in makini^ new irons, as 
 
 to take in the whole of tlio ohl brands, and yet make tlie new 
 ones very different. They could alter them, too, in other 
 ways, which he would not mention now. But it was easy to see 
 how those, who had a taste that way, could jockey people out 
 of their money, even in so open and honest a place as 
 the equine mart. 
 
 They li;id gone westward hut a few paces before they 
 cneounterv."] the national odor of the Chines:^, and observed 
 that they were on the border of little China, or Hong 
 Kong. For two blocks, almost, these children of the sun 
 <ind moon were in possession of the buildings, of every 
 description. They had trading houses, lodging houses, 
 carpenter shops, restaurants, gambling rooms, and brothels ; 
 and were, many of them, evidently getting into "fast" 
 Tiie rhiiiirpii of ways. Soiuc worc their hair, and had gar- 
 
 the east tr;iiisl'.-r- . . \ ° 
 
 rod to the west, ments on, precisely like Americans. Others 
 had made less progress, and retained the long appendage 
 coiled up in the hat, but let the hair grow naturally on 
 the rest of the head. Some had got so far as to wear 
 shirts ; and some, only to wearing boots. Those who wore 
 corn fans on their heads, dangled long queues, dragged 
 wooden shoes at their heels, and carried small fans about in 
 their hands, were such as had recently arrived, or had not 
 yet worn out their old clothes. The bui'dings were swarm- 
 ing with them. How they all managed to live and prosper, 
 no one knew. As not one of themselves knew aught of 
 Chinese, they could talk with none, except to pass the 
 usual salutations, and daily compliments. 
 
 When Pilgrim inquired about their habits, and general 
 behavior, 3Ir. Sharp said they were reported to be much
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 165 
 
 better than tliey really were. The idea that they were 
 peculiarly neat and tasteful was seen to be false. Their honesty 
 and truthfulness it would not be best to boast of. They 
 Habits and ciii- Were usually quiet and industrious ; but had 
 toms, and tastes- ^^^^ ^^^ learned to obscrvc any Sabbath, and 
 were troublesome on that day. They occasionally had a 
 spree, a hurra, and buincd bushels of fire crackers. As a 
 novelty, they would try a ride on horseback, at which they 
 made an awkward figure. Very likely, the animal they 
 bought cheap at the market, was a vicious one, and played 
 them a trick ; and they managed to sell him to the next one 
 that came along, whose olive was yet green. On the whole, 
 they were quite human, and somewhat heathen. 
 
 The travelers had now come to the line of recent 
 Phrenix build- improvements. There was a tall Phoenix of 
 "^^^' wood, on the left, and a three story Phoenix 
 
 of brick, on the right, with a twist in the black letters 
 of the tablet, as though the graver was troubled with a 
 squint. Both of the corners beyond were built in hand- 
 some style, and the stores were filled with immense stocks 
 of stoves, hardware, and tin ; enough, it would seem, 
 to yield the possessors handsome fortunes, when the stocks 
 were cleared out. 
 
 Having passed by another block, indifferently built, but 
 beginning to fall in with the march of improvement, they 
 came to one that was solidly built with brick, and fire proof, 
 as was supposed, on the left, and partially so, on the 
 right. The fronts of those warehouses were finely finished ; 
 and the whole wore an imposing aspect, and betokened 
 enterprise and prosperity, of no common sort. In this 
 vicinity were held the courts of certain justices of the peace, 
 the " levees" of the Recorder, the meetinars of the Council,
 
 166 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 and the consultations of the Mayor. Over acjainst a cortaia 
 Station house prititin;^ officc 'WRS a stuccoed huihlinjr, useda.s 
 a station hou«e, vfhere were the head quartoi-s of the police. 
 As they came up to this building, there issued from it, in 
 regular file, a haivi of men, who stepped short, and whose 
 chains clanked with every step. They were men of white, 
 red, yellow, and black ; keeping up no artificial distinctions. 
 
 In reply to Keep Faith's inquiry, Mr. Sharp said, this 
 Oiain gang. was tlio Celebrated chain gang, an institution 
 which all minor offendei-s, and those guilty of larcenies, and 
 so on, were obliged to enter, and support themselves, 
 by stump digging, road mending, levee repairing, and other 
 useful employments, under the direction of the mayor, and 
 the chief of the police. It had been resorted to as a 
 substitute fur a penitentiary, and was useful in its way ; 
 though objectionable in many respects, since those who 
 once got in were very likely to get in again. It did not 
 answer the purpose of a reform school ; they were too mucli 
 exposed to observation. 
 
 They now went over a few rods of planked road, that 
 covered a slough, and came upon the street that fronted the 
 river. They were attracted by the sound of " give us a 
 bid, going, going, can't dwell, no price at all, gentlemen, 
 Auction & com- S^^'^^S^ gouc," from thc lips of a famous 
 jiussion stores. ;xuctioneer, who was sotnotimes facetious. 
 They were amused and instructed by what they saw in the 
 faces and manners of the buyers ; by the way in which some 
 would bid who never seemed to buy ; by the droll assort- 
 ments which others secured ; and by the doings of those 
 •wto seemed to take no interest in anything that was going 
 First rate custo- on, till the wines and liquors were up, when 
 *"*'*■ they were on the alert at once, and very
 
 THE CALIFORXIA PILGRIM. 167 
 
 anxious to taste the samples, and would bid while there was 
 no danger of getting it knocked down to them. When the 
 vend()r had rather keep the article than not, he might strike 
 it off to one of these constant visitors, knowing well that it 
 would not be called for, and he could put it up again under 
 more favorable circumstances. 
 
 They visited other auction marts, further down, and 
 busied themselves in looking over some invoices of books 
 they found, and other valuable things, which they had a 
 liking for ; Mr. Sharp Saying, that, as a professional man, 
 and a lover of literature, he intended to have the finest 
 Libraries and library in the city ; if his wore not so already, 
 literature. rpj^^ booksellers, however, had not encourage- 
 
 ment enough yet to ke^p large assortments of books, of the 
 better class ; since much of the demand, from the country, 
 was for cheap publications, trashy novels, filthy picture 
 books, and such volumes as had no permanent value, and 
 men could handle roughly, and throw away after perusal ; 
 and, therefore, it took many months to fill one's shelves, as 
 he desired to have them filled. 
 
 The sun was now past his meridian, and the number of 
 men along the levee was rapidly augmenting. The draymen 
 had been hard at work all tlie forenoon, but had only 
 succeeded in removing a part of the immense freights that 
 had been landed since morning. These goods were piled 
 up, here and there, and nearly intercepted the passage of 
 people on foot. Three steamboats, with flags and pennons 
 flying, lay moored beside their respective storeships, their 
 pipes smoking furiously. The combination was broken up, 
 The levee, and ^^^ ^^^ v^ere carrying at the lowest rates that 
 the steamboats. j.^^„q^ ^bove nothing. The runners had been 
 going out through the city all the forenoon, and now were
 
 168 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 posted on tlie cinbankinent, thrusting tickets at everybody, 
 and crying up the merits and superiorities of their favorite 
 craft. Occasionally, they would meet for a wordy set to, 
 and entertain the crowd around with their wit, scandal, and 
 blackguard. Sometimes they kept their tempers, and 
 sometimes they were angry and inclined to be bellicose, 
 and were in danger of giving over the war of words for one 
 of blows. Now and then, a Chinaman, or a Mexican, falling 
 between them, was in danger of lo.siug his clothes, or having 
 his blankets and traps taken to one boat, while he was 
 Acaseofembar- huriied off to the othcr. Occasionally an 
 rassinent. u ijouggt miner," or some verdant stranger, 
 
 about to go on one boat, would stop, and hesitate painfully, 
 at the soleum and disinterested assurance of the runner of 
 another, that the boat would sink, could never perform the 
 trip, her boiler was nothing but patches, had holes in it as 
 big as his leg, he had better go to one that was fast and 
 sure ; while runner, number two, got him by the arm and 
 told him this boat was all right, and bade runner, number 
 one, " dry up," and go about his business, and get his face 
 bleached. 
 
 The more the bells rang on the steamers, the more 
 the throngs increased, on board and on shore, and it seemed 
 as if half of the town had turned out to witness the sight 
 and the race.. There was, in truth, a larger number there 
 Going east. than usual, for the semi-monthly departure of the 
 ocean steamships was at hand, and old residents, with troops 
 of friends around them, were setting out for the eastern states, 
 and hands were shaken, and farewells were said, on every 
 side, for many minutes ; and these things ceased only 
 when the bells were tolling, and the express wagons came 
 dashing up the slope of the embankment, with their boxes
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM, 
 
 169 
 
 and bags, containing thousands of treasure, and their mail 
 Express matter, bags, filled with letters, papers, and packages 
 of daguerreotypes, jeweliy, gold and quartz specimens, 
 flower seeds, and poetry. Then the boats moved off, under 
 full head", of steani, and with flying colors, while hats and 
 handkerchiefs waved ; and in five minutes they had dashed 
 around the point, and were out of sight. 
 
 Mr. Sharp said, tliose steamers were the pride of their 
 officers, and of the people of the city also, and that very 
 justly ; for they Were fast, elegant, and commodious , and 
 could carry heavy freights, and make their time very 
 promptly. They were skilfully managed, and hardly a 
 serious accident iiad befallen one of them, in the three 
 years they had been running in these waters ; and hundreds 
 were carried in them every day, with speed, and comfort, 
 r .u and safety. The ao;ents were capable and 
 
 Agents of tnc •/ •- 
 
 lines of steamers, ppp^j^r men ; and the community in Embank- 
 ment was fortunate in having the right men in such places. 
 To one of them, especially, the whole population, and .the 
 religious portion of it, in particular, owed a debt of gratitude, 
 for the early and decided stand he took in favor of 
 observing the Sabbath. So great had been his influence, in 
 connection with others, that scarce a steamer of the regular 
 lines had discharged a heavy freight on the Sabbath 
 in three years. He had resisted every importunity to break 
 over the rule, discharge boats, and deliver goods, on the 
 Lord's day, except in some cases of necessity ; and he was 
 held in honor, for his course, by all the best citizens, and by 
 those who looked to the order, peace, and permanent 
 prosperity of the inhabitants. 
 
 He said the result had been, that the levee, instead of 
 beino- a place of labor, noise, and disturbance, was a scene 
 12
 
 170 THE CALIFORNIA PILORIM. 
 
 of comparative quiet, on the Sabbath. During the pheasant 
 season, there had also boon a rciiirious service there, toward 
 Preaching in the cvcniiig, of a Sunday ; at which hirgc nttuibers 
 open uir. ^^^^.^ sometiiiics prcscnt. The earliest 
 
 preachers in the city took turns in officiating at this meeting, 
 in the open air, under the green trees, which, then, were far 
 more plenty than now, and not a It-w were large and 
 flourishing. Many had heard the first sermon there, after 
 their arrival in the country, and many eyes there had been 
 wet with tears. 
 
 Thence they proceeded up to the main thoroughfare, and 
 passed a block of buildings, in which were several banking 
 houses. Keep Faith inquired of Mr. Sharp, who seemed to 
 have knowledge of such things, if there were any " tricks 
 of trade" in that department of business. Mr. Sharp did 
 not know of any. They issued no paper money, and were 
 not in the way of loans hud discounts. Their business 
 Banking and ex. Seemed to bc pretty much limited to taking 
 bad"b^usiness. dcposits, buyiug gold dust, and selling bills of 
 exchange. In cleaning gold dust, they could blow it very- 
 hard, but if the seller claimed the sand and the refuse, they 
 let him have it, and, in that case, nothing was gained l)y 
 hard blowing. In the weighing process there was room for 
 deception, but it would hardly pay to practice it, in the 
 long run, even if any might be disposed to try it. He did 
 not see but banking was about as fair as any business that 
 could be done. Men who wished to overreach could always 
 find ways of doing it. The men who brought the gold dust 
 m their . leathern bags, would contrive to save a penny, 
 sometimes, by selling a part of a lot to a banker, take all the 
 sand and refuse matter from the portion sold, and restore it 
 to their bags again, and then go and pay out the rest for
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 171 
 
 Gold dust, goods at the stares, as average Just, at the 
 ciuartz and sand, gm-rent rates. Ana some of those, in former 
 times especially, who had occasion to pay out dust, would 
 contrive to pay it out with more sand and quartz in it, than 
 there was wlien they received it. It was a popular belief in 
 some of the mines that, from time to time, the gold grew ; 
 in town, on the contrary, it always seemed to be the sand 
 that grew. 
 
 The next prominent building they came to was one 
 in which a fine hall was devoted to Ceres, Flora, and 
 Pomona, where a fair and high festival, in their honor, had 
 Agricultural hall ^^^'^^ ^ept for Several weeks; and each had 
 ro^"ecdsmen & I'ejoiced in the profusion of gifts and ofFeriugs 
 *^°"^'° laid at her feet, and had smiled on those who 
 
 had been at so much pains to add to her realm these 
 new dominions, and, with medals and chased goblets, had 
 rewarded such as specially deserved honor. The travelers 
 were glad to see, in all this establishment, such evident 
 signs of improvement in a country, possessed of such a 
 wealth of soil, so favoring a climate, such benign skies, and 
 so, susceptible of the very highest culture, and the most 
 picturesque beauty. 
 
 They now went rapidly up the street, and allowed 
 nothing to interrupt them, till they came to the handsomest 
 Overton block, structure in the city, on a prominent corner, in 
 which was a half hidden saloon, a splendid jewelry establish- 
 ment, a banking hou.se, various stores for books, clothes, 
 and so on, and the city post office. From the windows 
 of 'this end of the building, four long lines of men, in 
 Pom office. alphabetical divisions, stood out, diverging in 
 various directions. Each man in each line was waiting 
 impatiently his turn to come up to the window, and inquire
 
 172 THE CALIFORNtA PILGRIM. 
 
 if any Iiiul lovud him, hail inLssod liiin, liad thought of him, 
 Iiad<?stimated him, had disliked him enoiiijh to send him a 
 letter. One half were fated to receive none. A few in the 
 line saved time by having newspapers to read. Some save<l 
 their legs by having stools to sit on, which they hitched 
 along from time to time. IJoys with candies, nuts, and 
 cigars to sell, were tempting others in tlie line to buy some- 
 thing, for temporary occupation. A vulgar, foul mouthed, 
 profane babbler was sticking up election posters, and 
 
 A street noli- haranguing the crowd ill favor of (Jen'l for 
 
 '"^'*"' tlie rresidency ; and others, of like polities, 
 
 for lower ofnci s. lie had his auditors at a disadvantage ; 
 for they could not run oft" and leave liim without losing their 
 places in the line for the po.^t office window. 
 
 Keep Faith rciiiaiked, that if he Avere a voter in Iviuliank- 
 ment, he should be pretty sare to vote for one whoso 
 election such a profane twaddler did not advocate. The 
 
 friends of Gen'l ought to buy hini oft", and sluit him 
 
 up somewhere, that he might not so disgust his own party 
 men as to drive them into the ranks of the opposition. 
 Political cam- They hopcd this was about the last of the politi- 
 paign. ^.j^i campaigning. T lu-y had encountered it 
 
 everywhere m Bustledoin, and were heartily sick of it, 
 before they met with this kind of a creature, brazen, shameless 
 and silly, who seized his opportunity to inflict a tirade on 
 hearers bound and unwilling. 
 
 From this corner they went soutli, a few rods, till thoy 
 came to a broad, low roofed structure, pretty mucli deserted 
 The first "ospei "^^- ^^^- ^^i^ip Said lic had heard preaching 
 ^^^*^- in that place, many times. It was built o^ 
 
 unhewn sticks, and covered with boards, and was thought 
 very comfortable in its day. Several mechanics owned it.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. IT^ 
 
 and occupied it as a shop during the week, but on Sundays 
 it was transformed into a place of worship, and the mini^sters 
 of all the denominations, represented in the city took turns 
 in oflfiiciating there, while it was possible to use the place ; 
 for tlicy were afterwards crowded out of it by anvils, buckets, 
 bellows, forges, tubs, and so on. 
 
 They now went out through an alley, and stopped under 
 some large trees, which still remained standing, in the rear 
 of a certain engine house, with a tower and an alarm bell. 
 The ..rove of the ^^^- ^I'arp said, that in the grove, which for- 
 coarocjition. merly embraced these trees, were held some of 
 the earliest religious services in the city. Rev. Mr. 
 Augustine had preached there during the first July the city 
 ever knew. He stood in an empty wagon. Some few 
 chairs had been brought from a new hotel in the vicinity ; 
 the same hotel that a year or two later, in other hands, gave 
 notice by a sign board, that, in it were " llest for the weary, 
 and storage for trunks." A few females occupied the 
 chairs. The men stood, sat, or reclined, in a circle, on the 
 grass, within hearing distance; while the preacher disc jurs'^d 
 from the text, " The race is not to the swift, nor t]»o battle 
 to the strong, neither yet bread to the wise, nor yet riches 
 to men of understanding, nor yet favor to men of skill ; but 
 time and chance happeneth to them all." 
 
 It was now toward evening, and th3 travelers were weary. 
 So they wont to rest themselves, and, afterward, to obtain 
 their supper. While they were at the table, having been 
 joined by Mr. Antiquary, they fell to talking of the comforts 
 of living, and even some of the luxuries, now enjoyed in 
 Bustledom, as compared with the fare they were put upon 
 during the first year of its history. Then Mr. Antiquary 
 told them how he had an office among the bushes, made of
 
 174 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 scantling, palingsi, and blue cotton cloth, whore he took in 
 i.ivii^ ill i>riiiii- ''>^ friend, Sharp, to lodge. He used to boil 
 live tiiiK-s. his tea kettle against a log, make tea, coftoc, 
 
 and chocolate, in .succession, but in the same ve.«sel ; fry 
 salt pork and fresh beef together, in the .same pan ; stew 
 dried apples and steam Iiard bread how he could. Occasion- 
 ally he had a dish of boiled beans, or split peas, or a can of 
 preserved meats. Fri^h bread, milk, butter, eggs, and the 
 like, were things unknown, lb' afterward went to a board- 
 ing house. It was a duth building, of C(mrse. The table 
 was made b}- driving stakes into the ground, nailing cross 
 pieces of board to them, near the top, and laying long, 
 loose boards on them. A breadth of coarse sheetinjr, torn 
 off the pro2)er length, made the table cloth. When one 
 strip had been on so long as to have lost its original color, 
 .\ fasllioll.^blc ^^ ^^'•''^ throAvn away, and another strip torn off 
 
 boarding. Ii.mso. .,,,j ^^^^^ j^^ j^^ ^^.^^^ rpj^^ jj^j^^^ ^.^.^.^ 
 
 common earthern ware, a:id nut tin, and it seemed like 
 living, to eat from a plate once u ore, and at a regular table, 
 and not on the head of a bnn el ; though he did sit on a 
 medicine bo.x, and his feet w«re u] rn common earth. The 
 courses at dinner were remarkallc for their unexciting 
 character, uniformity, cool tenipoiature, and geneiul firm- 
 ness. 3Iulc meat could not have been more stubborn than 
 some that was set before them, as steaks and sirloins. Ho 
 was indeed an admirer rf the antiijue, but he was constrained 
 to withhold his admiration when it entered the culinary 
 department. 
 
 Pilgrim remarked that the Arabs of the desert were an 
 ancient race, and they Averc said to cook meat under their 
 saddles, when riding. 
 
 3Ir. Shaip thcuglit he had been invited to samage meat
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 175 
 
 that came from that vicinity ; but as it made a solid bridge 
 over the gulf of starvation, he was not disposed to complain 
 of it now ; but he had rather not revive the memory of suol> 
 dainties. So they ate their meat with gladness, and left 
 the table. 
 
 When it was evening, Mr. Sharp invited the company to 
 walk through the streets, and observe some portions of the 
 Evening walk, city, at thoss houi's iu which they appeared 
 more in their true character, than in the broad light of day. 
 Pilgrim and Keep Faith went with some reluctance ; for 
 they felt more like passing a few quiet hours with Mr. 
 Augustine, amid his books and papers. 
 
 There were no lamps in the streets, but the moon shone 
 brightly, and some shop windows threw their blaze upon 
 the sidewalks ; not always, indeed, where tliey were most 
 needed. They came, after several turns, to certain 
 notorious corners, on one of the great streets, where were 
 fine structures, illuminated at every window, above and 
 "Remove thy below. The doors were all thrown open. 
 heV, and come '^^'^ roouis wcro SO au'anged that one could 
 rfoor "of her ^'^^K fi'oui the Street, through two or three in 
 bouse." succession. All were elegantly finished, 
 
 provided with the most costl}- furniture, adorned with pictures 
 " Lest thou give aud paintings, hung with splendid tapestry, 
 
 thine honorunto \ _ ° ^ r J^ 
 
 others, and ihy and beautifully carpeted. Perfumes were 
 
 \ pars unto the 
 
 cruel." wafted through them, aud the soft light that 
 
 fell from astrals gave the whole scene an air of enchantment. 
 Moving about, within, were gay women, in splendid attire. 
 The pianos sounded, and then came the melody of voices, 
 •' An<i thou attuned to familiar airs. For a moment, thev 
 
 mourn at the last _ ' •' 
 
 «iien thy tiesh might havc Seemed the abodes of innocence 
 
 and thy body are ° 
 
 consumed," and beauty. But they noticed now how
 
 176 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Hariiii: mid gaudy wore the colors of the walls, the hangings, 
 and tlic dresses. Females came and lounged in the front 
 saloons, talked unblushingly with men at the doors, aad 
 nodded familiarly to one and another that passed in, with 
 entire freedom. 3Ien occupying all sorts of stations in life 
 came there ; and those of every age. None were as yet 
 " And say, how noLsy and drunken, hut all the means and ap- 
 
 liavo I liuteil in- . • i • i i i i 
 
 struciion, and pliaucos lor a midnight revel were at hand. 
 
 my heart do- "^ , ii • • i 
 
 spisod rei'rooi," There Were now crowds oollecting in the 
 streets. j\Iany among them were bearded miners from the 
 mountains ; and others, were strangers in the city ; and 
 ;ill were roving about, in (piest of excitements. So they 
 witlidicw from that quarter, sorrowing for the multitudes, 
 young and old, who were thronging the house of the 
 And have not " strange wonuui," whose "house is the way 
 
 oboyod the voice , ,, . , i i t x- i i 
 
 ..r my teachers, to hell, going dnwn to tlic chambers or death, 
 mine ear to them Noue that go uiiti) hcr rctum again, neither 
 rii'e.' take they hold of the paths of life. She hath 
 
 vast down many wounded ; yea, many strong ha\e been 
 slain by her." 
 
 Passinir toward the river, and then turning a corner to 
 the ri'^ht, they were presently in front of the most spacious 
 hotel in Embankment. Flags and banners -were suspended 
 The Orleans. in tVout of it, fioni cords stretched across the 
 street, from building to building. The whole front was one 
 blaze of light from lamps, and lanterns, and illuminated 
 whidows. The vast lower saloon had been tastefully fitted 
 lip for a military dance, and this they learned was the 
 occasion of such a ])i illiant display. 
 
 Mr. Sluirp was addressed by a manager, who recognized 
 him and Mr. Anti(}uary, and he invited them to go in. At 
 iirst they declined ; but, being urged, they went in as
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 177 
 
 spectators, with the privilege of retiring at any moment 
 they pleased. The company was not yet very large, but 
 the dance was beginning, and they were making up the sets 
 A ball is given for a cotiUion. The ladies were few, in 
 
 in lionor of mili- . • . i /. mi 
 
 tary men. . comparison With the number of men. Ihere 
 were matrons of forty years, ladies of fewer years, 
 suppo.scd to be under twenty five, and young misses, from 
 twenty down to mere girls of ten, who were partners 
 of grown men, some of them elderly, in the same dance. 
 The visitors did not tarry long They walked around the 
 immense room, to view its flowery and gilded walls, 
 and splendid decorations. Among the chandeliers, that 
 helped to make up the dazzling light, were some that had 
 been hired from one of the churches, as they thought, from 
 the striking resemblance to some they had seen there. 
 
 They retired from the scene of gay dissipation, where the 
 l)eauty and fashion of the town were assembled, sorry that 
 Not well pleased, some Were present whom they supposed to be 
 of too domestic and staid a character to frecjuent such 
 gatherings for amusement, and sorrj' that children should 
 be so early made familiar with the frivolities and dissipations 
 of parties, routs, and dances, in a land where the people 
 were so liable to the abuse of even innocent gaycties. 
 
 They now went out, and rejoined Pilgrim and Keep Faith, 
 who had been, during the time, promenading up and down 
 the street, and listening to the various sounds, concordant 
 and discordant, that fell on their enrs from every fjitarter. 
 Going together around the corner, they found themselves in 
 A row of fash- fro^it of a row of gambling saloons, coverJng 
 ionabie saloons. ^^^ j^^jf ^f. ^ ^j^^.j^ rpj^^ Ceilings and doors 
 
 were very high, and they could see inside above the heads 
 of the crowds about the doors. In one was a violinist, of
 
 17 S THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 rcuKiikablc powers, enchanting many with his strains, lu 
 another, was a lirass band, blowing furiously. In. a third, 
 were vocalists, with banjo and rattles. All these, and the 
 band at the theater, were filling the whole region with 
 contused and bewildering strains of music. 
 
 The travelers crossed over, and went as close as they 
 could get conveniently. There were hundreds of men iu 
 every saloon, and the side walks were also full nf men. 
 They got a glimpse into one saloon, where were tables for 
 the A. 13. C. game, and by them men rattling the " bones," 
 the vulgar for dice; tables for roulette, and the 
 Tiio money attendants were shouting : " red wins," 
 
 cliaiiL'tTs ill their ■ ,, ,, ■ i 
 
 places. " black takes it," " now's your tunc," and so 
 
 on; tables coveied with blue or green cloth, with piles of 
 silver and gold on them ; at one, a man with French cards, 
 taking people "by the door;" at another, a man with 
 American cards, inviting bets by " spread uuts," and by 
 terms technical in his vocabulary ; and at others, men 
 playing games that outsiders knew nothing of. In all, 
 there were a dozen tables, or more, in the establishment, 
 and around each was its own peculiar grouji of men betting, 
 and men looking on, and men who were " broke," and men 
 who would be \viser now, if they had pluck enough. 
 
 In one of the saloons, perhaps the most magnilicent one, 
 the lar held a conspicuous place, flaming with showy bottles 
 and decanters. On the wall, over the bar, hung a large 
 painting, done in oil, of one reclining, in a nude state, 
 raintincs and I^ ^^^ handsomely framed, and mirrors hirgo 
 i)iciurtM. jjjjj splendid were on cither side of it. No 
 
 one could enter without gazing at it. All around the room, 
 every available space was occupied with similar productions
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 179 
 
 of the pencil, and the brush, and all were of a character to 
 please the voluptuary and the bawd. 
 
 About the ceiling, about the walls, about the pillars, and 
 about the finish of the wood work, with paints, and gilding, 
 and pictures, the endeavor had been made to give the whole 
 a gorgeous and dazzling appearance. This, combined witli 
 exciting drinks, with stirring music, with the sight and 
 Menbe\yii<iereii. jingle of luonej, and witli the whirl and novelty 
 of everything, induced many to risk their purses, who felt 
 sure before that nothing could lead them to such a step. 
 
 The hot and steaming air, reeking with the fumes of rum 
 
 and tobacco, came rushing out upon them, from these 
 
 places, at every door, as they turned, and took their way 
 
 homeward. On the way, 3Ir. Sharp told them that a man, 
 
 A rrncomre , of tlie same sort as the rest, had been shot in 
 
 snil a shooting . 
 
 artair. a quarrel, in one of those saloons, only a few 
 
 months before. The one killed was the aggressor, and so 
 the other was acquitted in court. A frivnd of Lis was near 
 at the time, and, hearing the report of firearms, ran to the 
 spot. The wounded man was pierced by three balls, one of 
 them fired after he was pinioned and hold d<jwn. AVhen he 
 entered, the victim was lying on one of the tables, yet 
 breathing. A great ci'owd was collecting about the d(jor, 
 and most were afraid to enter for fear of more shooting. 
 The scene in the saloon, while that man lay dying, was one 
 lie could never forget. The band, up in the musicians' 
 box, still kept on with its playing. Athalf of the tables the 
 games still went on, as if nothing had occurred beyond the 
 kicking of a dog. ]Men were hallooing, wi-angling, and 
 pouring out oaths and curses on every side. A notorious 
 strumpet, staggering with drink, was looking on, and 
 indulging in utterances obscene and profane. And there
 
 ISO THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Death in a crim- ^^'^'^ ^110 who wa8 trying to excite merriment 
 biing saiogu. ^y^^l lauglitcr, by the remarks lie maile 
 concerning the changes and contortions seen in the coun- 
 tenance of this gasping mortal, as he lay there in his death 
 agony, on a gambler's table, without commiseration, with- 
 out a touch of sympathy, without even the poor taibute of a 
 tear. If ever there were a hell on earth, he thought it 
 could be like nothing else than that. 
 
 IMlgrim inquired of Mr. Sharp if there was as much 
 gambliug, in these days, as foi'incrly. He replied, that the 
 amount was about the san\e as in previous years ; but was 
 less, of course, in ju-oportio5i to the number of people. 
 There were fewer saloons, bu,t the few were larger and more 
 Oaiiibiing hasa splendid. The money m:ub in gaming was 
 
 tpiidency down- , 
 
 warj. loss than it used to be, because the sums 
 
 risked were, now a days, small ; and there were not many 
 who would, at present, venture their all u])on tiu; turn of a 
 card. Sometimes those who kept the tables found it 
 difficult to pay their rents, licenses, and personal oxpousos. 
 At least, so they said ; and you were no gentlouiau if you 
 did not believe what thoy said. 
 
 He thought there was more private gambling now than 
 two years ago ; and there were also many more billiard tables, 
 and the like, every year ; and thus the forms of gambling, 
 and ol' all that kind of dissipation, would keep changing ; 
 and it was to be hoped that the business would diminish, 
 somewhat, with each .successive change of form, and each 
 further withdrawal from the public gaze. 
 
 They had now reached their lodgings, and they l)ade 
 Mr. Antiquary and Mr. Sharp adieu, not knowing that 
 they should soon meet again. They paid their devotions 
 and rested as usual. 13ut they departed not in the morning
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 181 
 
 as they had intended. They staid close at home with Mr. 
 Augustine, and discussed various matters of i'.nportance with 
 him, and gave him such counsel as they could, and, in turn 
 were instructed and cheered, and spent a glad day. 
 
 MORAL. 
 
 Conjoined with inteinporancc, licentiousness and gambling 
 are the regnant vices of our city and state. They constitute 
 a demoniacal triad, cruel, terrible, and monstrous. The 
 whole outline of the beast can not be drawn. Strength is 
 knit into his muscles, his sinews are lusty, and bis rage is 
 ungovernable. He hath power over the whole nature of 
 man, to blight and to destroy. Ho hath taken to himself 
 his power, and doth reign ; and many be they that wor- 
 ship this beast, and that carry his image. On how many, 
 alas, hath it been stamped, who shall bear it with them, in 
 their corruption, down to early graves, down to depths of 
 infamy ! 
 
 These throe vices, that relgti among us, have each some 
 part of our nature to attack and destroy, as neither of the 
 others could. Intemperance levels its forces against our 
 physical natures ; gambling bewilders, assails, and rains 
 our intellectual natures; and licentiousness stupefies, 
 deadens, and destroys ouv moral natures. And when the 
 tlu-cc combine against a man, how certain is the iron 
 constitution and the most vigorous frame, to give way, to 
 turn livid, to swell, to collapse ! how certain is the noblest, 
 the most splendid, and powerful intellect to recoil upon 
 its-elf destructively, or to sink into dim and doleful eclipse! 
 how certain are all tender sensibilities to be blighted, the 
 conscience to be blunted, and the will debauched, while the
 
 1S2 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 taint and slioio of corruption film; the- heart, and rot it to 
 the core ! 
 
 Ah, if such as dwell far away, if parent;! and guardians, 
 if wives and children, if brotliors, listers, and those other 
 loving ones, should hear concerning your habits of drinking, 
 your revels, and your debauches, would they believe r If 
 they heard that your evenings were passed in the saloon, 
 and that all the proceeds of your labor and the profits 
 of your business were swept into the coffers of gamesters, 
 deceptive, d?ft, and adroit, could they receive it as true .- 
 If they should be uiado to know, as we too well know, 
 your indifferences, your delinquencies, your sensualities, 
 your gross infidelities, what havoc would there be of human 
 happiness, luunan hopes, and human hearts ! How wouM 
 love slighted and trust betrayed turn to indignation and 
 abhorrence, -which years could scarce abate ! Beware, ye 
 whose feet are in these paths of death, lest, while ye destroy 
 yourselves, ye dash many another's cup with bitterness, and 
 bring down grey hairs with sorrow to the grave I
 
 LECTURE IX 
 
 ExcL^pt the Lord keep the city, the watchman wak.'tb but in 
 
 rain. 
 
 It was in these words that Pilgrim and Ke?p Faith giva 
 utterance to their feelings, as they rode away from the proud 
 and beautiful city of Erabaukraent, after their day of enjoy- 
 ment with Mr. Augustine, and after having completed their 
 survey, as they supposed, of all its wonders, in\'sterie5, 
 Ther leave the wickeduess, and foUy. They left it there in 
 m7nt**ne"''3an- peacB, sitting bv the glxssy stream, the regent 
 **^' queen of the wide and noble valley of the 
 
 western slope. The day god was wheeling his chariot down 
 behind the mountains, while the shining dust roUed away 
 from the smoking track, and the light of amber and of gold 
 overs])read the earth and sky. Gradually the golden light 
 changed to purple, and then deepened into violet, and still 
 darker hues, like the blending colors of a maiden's hair 
 when the soft light falls, now here and now there, on her 
 auburn tresses.
 
 184 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Now I saw in my dream, as I said, that the sun was set- 
 
 tin2, when I'ilLnim and Keep Faith rode away from the city, 
 
 In chargp of ^*^* proceed on their pilirriniagc. Judge True- 
 
 judpe irue.ide, ^jj^. i,.^j j,,^,,^ j^ j,|^ veliiclc, and at his house 
 
 they were to pass the niglit. 
 
 The dwelling of the judge stood Hear the famous Sutter 
 landing, on the fertile margin of the Kio de los Americanos. 
 The lamiiy of I'licrc they fouiid the wife of the judge, Mrs. 
 ti.e judge-. f:xeellcnce, and her nearest relative, Miss- Be- 
 
 atitude. They spent the evening and the night most cheer- 
 fully and pleasantly ; and it rccjuired nought but some gentle 
 persuasion to induce them to remain a day or two longer, 
 and rest and refresh themselves, ere they proceeded on their 
 dusty march, toward the hilly region. 
 
 As the new day was to be a high day, not only in Em- 
 bankment and in all Bustledora, but from the orient shore 
 Presidential c- ^^ *^^^ Continent to its Occident; and as they 
 '*'^"°"- might see life and character in new forms by 
 
 remaining, they were content to abide where they were, for 
 a while, and not push too rapidly upon the future. So 
 they returned again to see almost the whole city in an uproar, 
 and hundreds of people in a frenzied excitement of interest, 
 ambition and strife. The annual and i^uadrennial elections 
 were proceeding, and men of freedom, in a prosperous coun- 
 try, were exercising their highest prerogatives, as citizens, 
 in the choosing of their rulers. 
 
 Tlicre were quiet and gentlemanly men distributing tickets, 
 •nie vi«iei}y of ^^^ there were, also, those of noisy and sense- 
 tne poiHk, jggg giijber, and such as were vulgar and blas- 
 
 pheatQus ia tUeir speech, so that many were disgusted with 
 ihem, &mA 0O*jJ4 not but despise their paltry clap trap, and 
 Tain attempts at wit.
 
 THE CALIFORXIA PILGRIM. 185 
 
 They soon learned the truth of Mr. Sharp's remark, for 
 they met him and Mr. Antiquary at the first poll they came 
 to, that there is nothing so flat, stale, and unprofitable, as the 
 givings forth of the gas pipe men, wlio work off an extra 
 .supply on election days, in the vicinity of the polls, distilled 
 from the dirty residuum of the campaign papers. 
 
 They saw horses and vehicles gaily caparisoned, and 
 carrying flags and banners, and carriages filled witl^ 
 musicians, blowing their breath through sonorous metal into 
 music, to excite and inspirit the various partizans by national 
 airs and patriotic sounds. And there were wagons full of 
 j'vocessions. rar- "len, and the men were full of odious liquids, 
 riages, awd nm-^ic, ^^^ ^^le liquids w«re full of stimulus, and the 
 stimulated were shouting and noisy, and hurras came up, 
 reeking with horrible odors, from bosoms oppressed by 
 distended stomachs. Many more citizens, in truth, they 
 saw at their places of business, quiet'y and actively pursuing 
 their daily employments, who only took an hour in the day 
 to deposit their ballots, and returned to their avocations, 
 conscious of having done their duty well, and of having 
 discharged a high trust manfully. 
 
 In the crowds at the corners, at the saloons, and near the 
 liquor .shops, they saw men in all stages of intoxication, 
 Men in various ^^'om him that cau daucc to a merry tune, to 
 moods. ^jj^^ ^j^.^^ fiercely fights the awning post, or 
 
 laughs a silly laugh, or hiccoughs out the fragments of a 
 l)acchanalian song. Occasionally they listened to an exciting 
 debate, in whicli the combatants of the game went in to win, 
 passing from argument to wit, from wit to slang, from slang 
 to personal abuse, but just at tlie fisticuff" point, were drawn 
 apart by the crowd, as if they belonged to the canine family, 
 13
 
 186 THE CALrFORNiA PlLGRrM. 
 
 and must do nothing more after that than to growl at each 
 other. 
 
 Wearied, at length, with the noise, the crowds, the 
 shonts, and the crasli and din of hniying instruments, they 
 lett the town to its own lnili))Ul) and confusion. A cold 
 They art away wind was couiing froui the liill>, and thev drew 
 
 frciii the Iiiniidil 
 
 ;iiiii strife. their garments close about them, as tliey went 
 
 hurriedly away. They spent the evening in their usual 
 manner, reading, and conversing of their jom-ney, and of 
 their hopes concerning that delightful land tliey should, by 
 and by, enter upon, ))y the will of God, and in the plenitude 
 of his grace. 
 
 They were a])Out to retire to their beds, when the liglit, 
 lurid and ilashing, in the direction of the city, drew their 
 They discover iittcution. It WAS evident that the town was 
 
 Embankment is <^" ^''^J ^^'^ *^"** ^^^^ ^'^^ ^^^ burning with 
 
 "" ^'"'' great energy. Indeed, they knew it could 
 
 not bo otherwise ; for the wind was now blowing fiercely ; 
 and, in terrific gusts, was sweeping over the plain. 
 
 They were forthwith in motion, resolved to render such 
 aid as was in their power. They sought first the places 
 where they had recently attended worship ; as they saw that 
 the flames were leaping onward in that very direction. But 
 they arrived too lute to be of any service ; for two of the 
 churches were already in ashes, and the new brick edifice 
 was slowly consuming from the lofty roof. 
 
 Ere long, the flames burst from the wimlows, and then it 
 was all over with that beautiful structure. On every side 
 the disaster spread, and nothing in the neighborhood 
 escaped tlie fiery calamity. Immediately they passed down 
 to the Court House, and there could see that the church in 
 Sixth street was still standing, but was in imminent peril.
 
 THE CALIFORMA PILGRIM. 187 
 
 Progress of the Tliey saw, also, that the safety of the comely 
 names. building where they were, and of the cottages 
 
 in the vicinity, depended on saving the church, for if that 
 were destroyed, everything must go in the region round. 
 
 They hastened to the ground in contest, and there they 
 found Mr. Sharp and 3Ir. Antiquary busily at work, with 
 hosts of others, some of whom they knew, tearing down 
 some low buildings, and passing water, to keep the fire from 
 spreading. 
 
 There were men on the roof, there was a man on the 
 
 tree to saw off burning limbs, there were watchers, here and 
 
 One of (the there, to put out sparks and cinders that fell 
 
 churches pre- „ . , • , , . i « i • ^ n 
 
 •erved. on all Sides, With whirls of the wind; for, just 
 
 at that time, the roaring of the wind.s, and the crackling of 
 the flames, as they went careering and triumphing on their 
 destined path of doom, was awful and sublime; and well 
 might feeble mortals fear and tremble before the glowing 
 face of power. 
 
 Still the work of destruction went onward, although the 
 church was preserved ; and still they went to perform such 
 deeds of mercy as they could, with their feeble hands, in 
 carrying burdens, and preserving lives and property ; for, 
 strange to say, all villains seemed then most active, and they 
 Strange beha- robbcd lone woiiicn of their choice treasures, 
 
 vior in times of 
 
 calamity. and none could tell whether the face of a 
 
 stranger was the face of a friend or a foe. Many had spent 
 their endeavors, time, and money to save their goods, and 
 then were forced to the conclusion, that the very men, 
 whom they paid to help them, had plundered them of all 
 they possessed. 
 
 At last, the spread of the fllames was at an end, and the 
 fires went down for want of fuel to feed upon. They looked
 
 188 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 over the site of the fair city cf the day before, and thirty 
 squares were swept bare and clean, save, as here and there, 
 The names ex- ^ hcap of smoking ruins would flash a luHd light 
 '"'^"" into the du«ty air, when the gusty wind fanned 
 
 them to a flame, and siive, as a few tottering and blackened 
 walls still braved the fury of the tempest, or a building stood 
 entire, and served as a monument of the past. 
 
 ^cven eighths of the city were no more ; and thousands were 
 houseless and homeless, and stricken with poverty, as in a 
 moment ; and women and children had not where to lay 
 their heads ; and some, alas ! there were, whose husbands 
 and fathers had perished in the devouring flames, and the 
 The sorrowful f^^-'ourge had bereft them of all that could make 
 state oi jiianj . ^Kq Jear ; and men could speak of their sorrows 
 only in whispers ; and deeper, and deeper still, was the 
 shadow of gloom falling around them. 
 
 The calamity came fearfully, suddenly, at an unexpected 
 moment, and when all human effort was of least avail. 
 l^iXciting and weai-ing weeks, for many, had just been passsd. 
 Many others were worn and exhausted by the anxieties and 
 toils of the day. Every countenance bore the marks of 
 fatigue. Not a few were stupefied with drink, and needed 
 Untoward cir- ^^^'^^ instead of having power to render aid. 
 cuinstances. rpj^^ ^j^j^^ ^.^^ fearful, and the first look at the 
 
 prospect struck men dumb and powerless. All were dis- 
 tracted, and drawn in different directions, by conflicting 
 motives. For, how could a fireman do duty at the brakes, 
 and leave his wife and children to perish .- How could men 
 save their goods and stores, when their famiUes were in 
 danger of losing all ? And how could men think of public 
 property, when they were trying to save a little remnant 
 from the wreck of their private fortunes .'
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 189 
 
 So there could be no direction and guidance, no concen- 
 tration of human energy, no rallying of a large force at any 
 Men of neither needful point. Aud hosts there were, that 
 
 public spirit, nor i i . tp. /• x v ^ 
 
 charity. would not lilt a finger to save an item of 
 
 property, and scarcely to save a man's life. Others would 
 help, but at such rates only, and those in advance, as 
 scarcely left any choice between destruction and the attempt 
 to save. 
 
 And thus it came to pass, that the whole city was 
 destroyed. The withdrawing of those who were trying to 
 save their households, the withdrawing of those wdio would 
 try to save nothing, and the activity of those who were 
 trying to rob every one, left but a feeble few, and those in . 
 possession of no adequate means, to battle with tlic 
 elements. For those elements Avere already scorning all 
 human control, and leaping forward, with whirl, bound, 
 licking tongue, and burning breath, into the midst of ever 
 new scenes of contest and victory. 
 
 All this the Pilgrim remarked to his companions, as they 
 Thev "uard stood guarding large piles of goods that men 
 saved property, j^.^j succeeded in. Saving from the breath of 
 tlie destroyer, and while they waited for the morning. The 
 wind blew stronger and colder, and they were faint and 
 chilled, and could scarcely move a muscle without pain. 
 Their arms refused to straighten, and their knees to bend, 
 and they felt that themselves also were sufferers, though, of 
 of this world, they had nought to lose. But they were glad, 
 that, even thus, they could enter into sympathy with 
 suffering humanity, and testify their love for their fellow 
 creatures. 
 
 Now I saw in my dream, that, while they were sitting 
 thus, drawing blankets over their shoulders, grouped together
 
 190 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 amid boxes, barrels, and liouschold stuff, several men came 
 The company ii "P» ^"^ joined them, and sat down to rest, 
 increased. Tlicse Were bemoaning their hard lot, the 
 
 late of their friends and neighbors, and the doom of the 
 city. They had toiled for months and years, and now all 
 their earnings had been swept off in a single night, by a 
 force they could not resist. 
 
 One said he had l)een anticipating the doom. Another 
 thought it a special judgment and providence of God. 
 Various opini- Auotlier Still thought there was no providence 
 
 on^ about the . • i i i i i » 
 
 providence of m the uuittcr ; it had only liappened so. A 
 
 (iod in the mat- ,.,,,, , , , , 
 
 ter. louith tliuuglit there could be no good provi- 
 
 dence in it, because the good suffered with the evil, and the 
 churches shared the same fate as the theaters. A fifth 
 thought most were dealt too severely by, and that their 
 punishment was greater than they deserved ; although the- 
 doom of this man and that, ami this, that, and the other 
 establishment, was none too bad ; and if such had been 
 singled out for judgment, all would have been well enough, 
 and men would have said that it was just, and no fault could 
 have boon found with the dispensation. 
 
 Mr. Sharp said there was some strange disagreement 
 among them, about the doctrine of a divine Providence over 
 the world. For his part, he did not pretend to know the 
 reasons of God's proceedings in his providence ; certainly 
 not always ; but he could learn something, from inference 
 and observation, about his methods. 
 
 Keep Faith said, we should make sure there was a Provi- 
 dence in the matter, before we discoursed about it. Ah 
 said Mr. Sharp, are you turning skeptic } No, said Keep 
 Faith, only logician ; and logic is truth, and a means of 
 truth. You must show, for example, that the pellets of
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. I9l 
 
 sugar in a raisin were put in from the outside, before you 
 undertake to show how they were put in without breaking 
 the skin. Here is Mr. Mystic, who can't see that there is 
 any providence in anything. 
 
 And never wishes to, perhaps, said Mr. Sharp. ]3ut, 
 however that may be, the argument for a providence is 
 involved in, it is much the same as, the argument for a 
 personal God, and a moral Governor, upon which we will 
 not enter. If he be a personal God and the moral Governor 
 of the universe, he must also be its providential liuler ; 
 since a providential government is necessary to, and 
 subordinate to, a moral government. The scriptures teach 
 the doctrine of providence, in a great variety of forms ; and 
 our observation goes to confirm the whole. He who rejects 
 this doctrine of a divine providence, can have nothing to 
 say, let what may happen. There is no one for him to 
 blame. The thing has merely happened so, and that is all. 
 There was no design in it, and nothing was aimed at, or 
 gained, by it. Nothing was wisely directed, or even 
 unwisely; it had no direction at all. There was no reason 
 fo'- the occurrence of the event', and he would be unreason- 
 able to complain that it occurred. 
 
 In i-esp2ct to this visitation, as a sp}?/Lil p;ovid3nc3 an 1 
 judgment of God upon the city. Pilgrim said he had no 
 doubt it was a judgment of God upon the people, for their 
 sins. So, indeed, were all forms of evil and disaster , and, 
 therefore, this one was, in that respect, no more special than 
 any other providence. Every one had its design and pur- 
 pose, and was specially so ordered. This fire, he said, was 
 a providential thing, but came about, as all providences do, 
 by the agency of second causes. But why all these second 
 causes should conspire, just then, to destroy the city, was
 
 192 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 something lie coiiU not explain. It was so foiccas^t and 
 preanantred in the divine plan, and human agency, and 
 physical agencies, came natuially nito it, though God fore- 
 planned it. It was the Lord's doing, and marvi-'llou;! in our 
 eyes. 
 
 How well he foresaw all that has made up the history of 
 Embankment, from the very first ! How long he withheld 
 the stroke of displeasure ! How long the people hardened 
 themselves, because judgment against their evil works was 
 not executed speedily ! And then, when the fullness of 
 time came, how thoroughly the work was done ! How 
 humbled, rebuked, and made even contemptible, were mere 
 human energy, and every wish and will of man ! 
 
 Keep Faith said the question had been raised, whether or 
 not, it should be called a good providence, since no discrimi- 
 nation had been made, and the good had suifered alike with 
 the evil, churches had been burned as well as theaters, and 
 the homes of purity had been destroyed along with the dens 
 of pollution and shame. 
 
 Pilgrim said, no visitation of evil could be a good in itself ; 
 Thp ffoodneps of it must be a calamity, in some sense: but 
 
 God in iho visi- , i /~i i /. i i.i i • 
 
 tatioiiofevii. when scut by God lor a good purpose, tliat is, 
 with the intent to rebuke, reform, and bless the sufferers, it 
 was sent from a good motive in the mind of God, and was 
 designed for good in the case of those on whom it was 
 visited, and, therefore, it was a good providence, in that 
 sense, though a visitation of evil. In respect to the 
 question of discrimination, he thought it was not possible, 
 in any such respect as intimated. Fire was not intelligent, 
 and could not be made so. It would burn a church as 
 quickly as a theater, other things equal. And to prevent 
 it from burning a church, when it would burn a theater, in
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 193 
 
 the same circumstances, would be to work a miracle and to 
 override the laws of providence. A fire was a secondary 
 agent, and must be put out or checked by secondary agencies, 
 and a church must be saved by human exertions, as truly 
 as any other building. It was the will of God, iu order 
 to accomplish the necessary discipline of life, that the tares 
 and wheat should grow and ripen together, till the harvest. 
 Then would the Sf'iiaration come. So long as bad men were 
 found, they would mingle in society with good men, and 
 their earthly interests would suffer and prosper, very much 
 alike, other things equal. And Avhile men would have the 
 folly of tlieatcrs and brothels iu the city where there wero 
 churches, they must often share the same fate in the 
 midst of a common calamity. There was much we could 
 not exphiin in the admixture of good and evil in the world, 
 because we could not know all the relations they sustained 
 to each other. A calamity might sweep away all the 
 churches and spare the dens of guilt. It might spare one 
 church and not another. The one spared might be the 
 best, and it might bo the poorest. We were not to give 
 such providences too special an interpretation. If, when 
 Grod spared churches and burned theaters, we were to say 
 he approved of churches and condemned theaters, merely 
 on the ground of that circumstance, we proved too much ; 
 for the same rule of interpretation would compel us to allow, 
 that, when churches were burned, and theaters spared, God 
 approved of theaters rather than churches. We must fix 
 our belief on what God approved or hated, by the chaiacter 
 and purpose of the buildings, and not by anything which 
 anight befal them, in the day of calamity. We must justify 
 (xod'j? ways, and explain his conduct, on the ground of what
 
 l94 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 he was, and wliat he dlil, on the whole, and not by any one 
 or two particuhir acts of his providence. 
 
 ]Mr. Sharp said the fifth speaker raised nearly the same 
 issues in another form. He thought that some, to wit, the 
 coniparativ(dy innocent, had suffered too severely, while the 
 wicked deserved the scourtre. But, said Mr. Sharp, no 
 man on earth can claim much lenity on the score of good 
 desert. It might be that the best of men deserved far more 
 evil than they suffered, and they ought never to complain 
 under the heaviest chastisenuMits. Mr. Littlcthink must, 
 therefore, not presume that any in tliis tire had suffered 
 beyond their deserts ; all might have suffercid far less. If 
 this were a world of exact and final retributions, the worst 
 and heaviest calamities would always fall on the worst and 
 ba.«est of men, and the visitations of evil would be exactly 
 proportioned to men's characters and crimes, and that, 
 with unvarying and precise uniformity. There would be 
 no exceptions. But it was plainly not a world of final 
 retributions. It was a world of trial, growth, discipline, 
 and formation of character. Therefore it was that we saw 
 things as they were. By and by, when characters had 
 been fixed, and the trial was over, men would be dealt 
 with strictly according to their deeds. 
 
 In the spared portion of the city were good men and 
 bad. The average in the burnt portion might have been 
 even better than in the spared one. The fact of their 
 liaviug been stripped of their possessions, proved nothing 
 for or against them, on the score of moral excellence, as 
 compared with their neighbors. The Methodist Episcopal 
 Church was burned ; so was the El Dorado. The loss of 
 property was about the same in each case. Were the 
 frequenters of the Methodist Episcopal Church, therefore.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 195 
 
 in character, on a level with the frequenters of the 
 El Dorado r When certain Jews came to our Lord with 
 wrong notions about interpreting events of providence he 
 corrected them thus : " And Jesus answering, said unto 
 them. Suppose ye that these Galileans were sinners above 
 all the Gralileans, because they suffered such things ? I 
 tell you nay ; but except ye repent, ye shall all likewise 
 perish. Or those eighteen, upon whom the tower in 
 Siloam fell, and slew them ; think ye that they were 
 sinners above all men that dwelt in Jerusalem } I tell 
 you nay ; but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise 
 perish." 
 
 He thus taught thorn, that calamities and divine 
 judgments were not to be applied solely to those who 
 suffered them most ; as though they were the most ill 
 deserving ; though, of course, they were more or less ill 
 deserving ; and who among men were not f And, besides, 
 said he, if God always and uniformly destroyed theaters, 
 brothels, groggeries, and haunts of infamy, as often as they 
 were built, and visited indignation and wrath, at once, on 
 all base and wicked men, so that sin could never carry its 
 head aloft, nor wickedness make a boast, nor riot, nor 
 debauch, ever seem in the least agreeable, men would be 
 governed by fear alone. They would not build such places, 
 nor plunge into guilt, because tliey would fear to do so. 
 They would perchance, in these matters, be externally 
 upright and moral, not because they loved to be, but be- 
 cause they were afraid to Jje anything else. They would 
 be, in appearance, virtuous ; not because they loved God, 
 goodness, and virtue; but because they disliked and dreaded 
 wrath, while, at heart, they might be as bad as they were 
 now.
 
 lOG THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 The evil instincts of our n;iture, so to saj-, would not 
 liave fair play. Character wouhl nut ilevolop as vin'.ler the 
 common forms of expo.sure. In short, the work! woiilil 
 cease to be, as now, a scene of moral tlipcipline, and wuuid 
 become a place of constrained wretchedness, on the part of 
 men appalled, and not won, to \irtnon.s conduct ; of crea- 
 tures, who wished not to be good, but trembled to be openly 
 bad. Men were moral beings, and (lod had a moral gov- 
 ernment over them, aud his providential dispensations came 
 in to modify moral influences, and not to set them aside, 
 and, therefore, it was, that he ordered his providences as 
 he did. 
 
 AVell, said Keep Faith, we have heard how we must not 
 construe and interpret the providence of God in this terrific 
 visitation of Heaven, may we not also hear how we ought to 
 look upon it.'' It would please me to learn. Would it not 
 you, 3[r. Mystic, you Mr. Speciality, you Mr. Littlothiuk, 
 you ^Ir. Lacklight, and you Mr. Forethought. They all 
 said, that, of course, they would hear Mr. Pilgrim and the 
 rest, till they got to the end of the chapter. 
 
 Pilgrim said that when a divine judgment came upon a 
 community, the whole community felt tlie conserjuencos 
 of it, more or less severely. It was a voice to the whole, 
 and not to any one part, exclusively ; although some de- 
 served more rebuke than others. Eut it was not always 
 KO, that those who suffered most, deserved most. They 
 might even deserve the least. Yet it was not on that 
 ground, that the visitation fell on them, as it did ; but on 
 some ground which we could not always, at the time, 
 perceive. It might be because those who felt it most 
 were, in means, or in mind and heart, the best able to 
 bear the burden of the calamity ; or because it would do
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 197 
 
 them tlio most good, and interfere least with their pros- 
 perity afterward ; so that they would, in the end, feel it 
 least, as a burden. Grod had spared one church ; he had 
 spared the one he had, perhaps, because it would be the 
 least able to rise under the pressure of a heavy calamity, or 
 because it needed some such mercy to keep it alive at all. 
 We might suppose this reason, or that, or both, to be the 
 true ones, but we were too ignorant to determine the 
 matter definitely. The judgment was sent on the city, as 
 a whole. The community needed rebuke and chastii^e- 
 raent, and it had come in tarrible severity : and thus it 
 was that we must interpret it, as against the whok; 
 people, taken en masse. The city might, or might nut, 
 be more wicked than others. All of thoiu have suifered, 
 because all have deserved ill, and needed to sutler. 
 
 Mr. Antiquary said he had been in tlie city from its 
 inception, and, certainly, it had been wicked enough, and 
 God had told the people so by tempests, floods, and now, at 
 hist, by devouring lire. Men hud too .soon forgotten the 
 previous voices of alarm and rebuke. They might not 
 forget this so quickly. They had grown insolent, proud, 
 and self confident. They had thought Embankment could 
 not be burned. They had trustod to their wide streets, 
 their still nights, their well filled reservoirs, their brave and 
 gallant firemen, their vigilant police, and their prompt and 
 irresistible energy. 
 
 But they were now effectually taught, how vain were all 
 such reliances, except the Lord kept the city. They had 
 done much to provoke the displeasure of Heaven. They 
 had loved and sought the wages of iniquity. They had 
 loved the revel and debauch. They had gone to the doors 
 of her whose house was the grave of innocence, and had
 
 198 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 embraced pollution. They hail traveled in coiupany with 
 harlots, leaving their nnsuspeeting wives at home. They 
 had uttered oaths and blasphemed God. They had delighted 
 in obscenity, and had corrupted and debauched the young 
 and innocent. They had loved lies, and defrauded and 
 cheated one another, and the government. They had put 
 base creatures in power, to use them for private ends. 
 They had been worldly and selfish, in the last degree. They 
 ha<l sold themselves for a piece of bread ; while character, 
 manliness, and everything had gone for gain. Nothing was 
 good to them wliich could not be coined into money, or into 
 some sensual giatification. They had forsaken the house of 
 God, and retused to hear his law. They had made play- 
 houses profitable, while churches were groaning under debts. 
 They had pampered actors, and starved clergymen. They 
 had not only tolerated, but encouraged any and every vio- 
 lation of the Sabbath, quite too long. They had drugged, 
 bloated, and degraded themselves in the haunts of the 
 drunkard and the profligate. God had not been in all 
 their thoughts. They had said, God doth not see ; he 
 hideth his face ; he will not require it. They had account- 
 ed gain better than godliness, and had been " lovers of 
 pleasure more than lovers of God;" and God had said, 
 " shall I not visit them for these things ; and shall not ray 
 soul be avenged on such a city as this .- " 
 
 Alas ! said Pilgrim, that it should be so ; but as you must 
 certainly know what has transpired in the town, it is not 
 strange, that God should visit their sins upon the people, 
 and teach them that they are but men, that they have no 
 assurance of anything they value, so long as they disobey 
 and oifend God ; since it is in his power to take everything 
 away, at the moment it shall please him so to do. And
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 199 
 
 thus they would not only expose themselves, by their evil 
 courses, but good men would be compelled to suffer what 
 they would not otherwise, merely from the fact of dwelling 
 iu their midst. 
 
 Mr. Sharp said he hoped the people would, from this 
 time forward, respect the Sabbath and all good laws, and 
 not go on again recklessly ; and that in their calculations, 
 they would take iu such an element as the providence of 
 God ; inasmuch as they could now see, very clearly, that 
 there was such a thing, and a far more powerful thing, than 
 they had hitherto been accustomed to regard it. 
 
 J>J'ow I saw that the grey light of morning came, and they 
 were relieved of their charge. So there was a mutual sha- 
 king of hands, and a separation in various directions. And, 
 ere Pilgrim and Keep Faith reached the place of their 
 abode, the sun rose upon the earth. But how different was 
 the scene in Embankment, from that on which he had 
 smiled at his going down ! Desolation sat supreme amid 
 the ruins. Curling smoke and dust clouds enveloped her 
 comfortless throne. Broken fragments, cinders, and ashes 
 were strewn at her feet. And over all, for a scepter, she 
 waved a burning brand ! 
 
 MORAL. 
 
 We have always known, intellectually, that the things of 
 this world were vain and transitory. But we have never 
 felt the truth as we feel it now. We never could feel it 
 so deeply before. We have been impressively taught. Wc 
 now do know emphatically the emptiness and vanity of all 
 earthly things. They were ours, but they are not. They 
 have perished in a night. Our pomp is brought down, our
 
 200 THE CALtFORNIA PILORrM. 
 
 beauty is withered away. Yesterday wc had ; to-day wo 
 h:ivc not. IJut yesterday we reckoned our wealth hy lum- 
 dreds and by tlioiisands. To-day we reckon onr poverty l)y 
 on?s and by tens. And if wo liave no source.s of comfort 
 ajid happiness other tlian thosi^ supplied by our material 
 possessions, we are mi'sorable ami unliappy cnouirh, in a day 
 like this, wli'^n wc cannot but nnd Tstand what poor provis- 
 ion is made for joy by ama.ssing wealth alone. 
 
 Wo have bec^n proud and solf confident, and we have 
 been justly rebuked. We lookod on our growin;; city, with 
 its vast resources, its immense trade, its increasing numbers, 
 its augmenting W(>abh, its improving aspect, and its proud 
 ."Structures, too much in the spirit of the ancient king who 
 saiil, " Is not this great Babylon, that I have built by the 
 might of my power .' " And now our "judgment reacheth 
 unto heaven, and is lifted up even to the skies." To 
 insure us permanent prosperity, to secure to us the ordinary 
 result.s of our labor, we see that .something more is necessary 
 than industry, than enterprise, than energy, than watchful- 
 ness, than perseverance, than elastic forces, than the go 
 ahead spirit. All these we have had, and yet our riches 
 have taken wings, our fair possessions . are laid wa.ste. 
 We have thought, that with these we were sufficient unto 
 ourselves, and to our aims. ^V'e were mistaken. We left 
 out God's providence from our calculations. We took no 
 heavenly element into our business. And these smoking 
 ruins are the rebuke sent for our folly and our presumption. 
 
 And, then, we are chastened for our sin. The curse 
 causeless doth not come Forgetting our dependence on 
 (jrod for our success in our avocations, and giving no heed 
 to his providences, we have gone further, and have set his 
 authority at defiance, slighted his ordiuanceSj and trampled
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 201 
 
 on his laws. Wo liave wittingly displeased and afFronted 
 the Lord of all. And this calamity is the terrible reproof 
 of our wickedness. It is the rod of anger. It is vindicative 
 justice. We do not v?ell to harden ourselves in this day of 
 our visitation. It behooves us to lay our foundations anew 
 in truth and in righteousness, in the fear of the Lord, and 
 in obedience to his laws. We must no longer profane his 
 name, no longer desecrate his Sabbaths, no longer covet, no 
 longer worship gold, no longer embrace the polluted, no 
 longer murder the innocent. If we do not well, sin shall 
 lie at our door. If we would escape the scourge, we must 
 cease from sin. 
 
 14
 
 LECTURE X. 
 
 Now I saw in my dream, that Pilgrim and Keep Faith 
 partook of refreshments, and then retired to rest for some 
 hom-s, at judge Trueside's, after the labors, struggles, and 
 anxious watchings of the night, wherein (he tempest of fire 
 swept away the goodly city of Embankment, so long the 
 pride of her citizens and of the great valley. 
 
 They awoke, renewed in feeling and energy, though their 
 limbs were still stiff from over exertion. They were now 
 As well as could introduced to one Mr. Stcadyheart, whose 
 be expected. dwelling was hard by that of the judge, and 
 then the four went together, and examined yards, gardens, 
 fences, fields, grain, and herds of stock, on both sides of the 
 turbid river, shrunk to a little stream, that was winding 
 sluggishly along. 
 
 They went out also amid the rank and astonishing growths 
 that almost choked the ground, in the low bottoms, where 
 were dense thickets of willow, elder, cottonwood, and various 
 Thickets and shrubs, over all of which wild grape, and other 
 
 grapes in the bot- . . ,. . , 
 
 torn lands. vmes. Were running and spreadmg m the most 
 
 wanton luxuriance, and shutting out effectually the light of 
 the sun from the teeming soil. Here they found men and
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. • 203 
 
 maidens, women and children, busily employed. It was the 
 vintage season among these aative vineyards ; and the small 
 purple grapes were hanging in massive clusters from the 
 vines. Of the fruit the travelers ate, till, on account of 
 their having become too tart, or for some more obvious 
 reason, they had almost ceased from conversation on any 
 topic. 
 
 In another direction, they made their way out of the 
 bottoms, through thickets, briers, reeds, and tangled mazes 
 of grass and weeds, and came sheer down upon the ferry- 
 The ferryman ^^au, wlio was worldug over, by hand ropes, a 
 and bis barge. load of mountain lumber, bouud to Embank- 
 ment, and working back a huge load of supplies for the 
 hill country, and the thirsty dvfellers in regions where the 
 water is too pure, and too cold, for the purposes of civiliza- 
 tion, and needs a little sometlidug to correct its noxious 
 (qualities, to take the chill off, and throw down to the bottom 
 all the earthy and deleterious substances, before held in 
 A medicine of solutiou ; though it might be a question, 
 
 doubtful quali- , ••it! ,„«,.^ 
 
 ties. whether the matter so precipitated weie 
 
 previously held in solutiou by the water, or the "with it." 
 
 And so, ere it was past the gloaming, and ere the long 
 lines of loaded vehicles had ceased stirring up clouds of 
 dust along the thoroughfares in sight, clouds of dust, that 
 rose into the air, like the smoke of huge steamers, and over- 
 topped the loftiest trees in their winged flight of silence, 
 they came once more to their pleasant place of sojourning. 
 
 Now I saw, that they prepared for an early departure in 
 the morning, and left not a thing unsaid they wished to say, 
 Not forgetful of ^^v failed in the measure of their gratitude 
 kindness shown. ^^^ thankfulness to those who had ministered 
 to their wants, and to their enjoyments. When they had
 
 204 * THE CALirORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 kneeled to Heaven's Eternal King, and had sung the liymn : 
 " ^ly God, how endless is thy love," they retired to thoii* 
 t'onch, and soon were laid in sleep's serene oblivion. 
 The ring of the clarion voice of the crowing cock, as he 
 ThP cock rrow- tailed tho ncw dawn ; hailed never before, 
 '"^- to be hailed never again, thougli each passing 
 
 moment us^her in somewhere another dawn ; the chanti- 
 cleer's voice, I say, awoke them, just as the first faint flashes 
 of the morning overspread the east. They rose with thanks, 
 and craved, silently, divine protection. 
 
 They had thought to step quietly out and proceed on their 
 journey, without disturbing the household. But they did 
 not succeed. For Mrs. Excellence belonged to the class 
 A woman of the described in the Proverbs. " She looketh well 
 i^cripturcs. ^^ ^^^ ^^^^g ^f Yicy houschold, and eateth not 
 
 the bread of idleness. She riscth also while it is yet night, 
 and giveth meat to her household." So she met them, at 
 the foot of the stairs, and invited them to a smoking break- 
 fast, where 3Iiss Beatitude, with her ready smile, Was waiting 
 in her seat, to do the honors. 
 
 When their repast was finished, witli giving of thanks^ 
 they were invited to a seat in judge Truesidc's fariti wagon, 
 which was at the door. His business took him a feW miles 
 in their direction, and he could thus set them forward a 
 The judge help- little on their journey. They helped theni- 
 their journey, sclvcs across the rivcr, for the ferryman waS 
 
 after a lioniely .,,.,., , , , 
 
 sort. still m his dreams, and rode away, at a good 
 
 speed, from the timber that belted the far famed river, into 
 the open, arid plain. 
 
 Their rough board seat across the box was much better 
 than a single pole to ride on, and it served to settle their 
 stomachs and foredoom all dyspepsia. Sometimes they
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 205 
 
 faia would have gone on foot, for comfort's sake ; but they 
 A ride for pro- were nialdno; ^ood progress, and would, no 
 
 press ratl.cr than . , , o o r & ) ? 
 
 i.ieHsurc. doubt, havc experience enough, by and by, ot 
 
 the pleasures of self propulsion. So they kept themselves in 
 cheerful mood, looking out for deep ruts and holes, and 
 making elliptics of their knee hinges, and talking when they 
 could, for the noise, and without danger of biting off their 
 tongues. 
 
 Neai'ly two hours were consumed thus, in passing over a 
 road that ran through, here and there, a timber grove, and 
 by the houses of settlers and taverners, when they were set 
 down at a famous pleasure resort, in a grove of oaks, on the 
 border of the now dry channel of a brook. There was a 
 number of men about the premises, nearly all of whom were 
 very busy in the endeavor to get up an appetite for brcak- 
 fa.st, by means of copious draughts, that caused fheni to 
 make wry faces, and to put on a look, as thougli the 
 medicine were bad to take, when, in fact, no doctor could 
 have induced them to let it alone. 
 
 They had scarcely landed on the steps, when one of the 
 bystanders asked them if they would not moisten, and 
 another if they would not imbibe. They said in reply, not 
 beiug exactly sure they understood the lingua, that they 
 bad done nothing but drink in fresh air all tlie morning, and 
 were not faint. Another came and intjaired if they had 
 liquored. They sai 1 they were not foot sore, and had no 
 need of any such ap])liL-ation. Another, still, inijuired if 
 A time of an- ^^^^J "cvcr .soakcd any. They said they did 
 .ious .oikitude. ^^^^ ^.j^]^ ^^ anticipate the rains, for then 
 
 .soaking might be inevitable. A fourth was in earnest to 
 know if they would not have something to take. But they 
 declined taking anything, as they did not wish to burden
 
 306 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 themselves with more to carry. A fifth would insist, that, 
 at such an hour, they stood in need of a cobbler, 13ut they 
 could sec no holes in theii* shoes, nor perceive any such 
 dilapidations as a cobbler could repair. 
 
 Just then, Mr. Antiquary came out from the dining hall, 
 and released them from flicir embarrassment, in a room 
 where men could think and talk of nothing but bibbing; 
 where they drank to introductions, drank to farewells, drank 
 to new acquaintance, to better ac<juaintance, and to old 
 Occasions for acquaintance, drank to get appetite, then 
 taking a glass. j,...,j^j. ^^ ^lelp digestion, drank to get excite- 
 ment, then drank to steady their nerves, drank when 
 alone to make company, in company drank to make it social, 
 and, in short, were never in want of a reason for drinking, 
 nor able to see one for stopping. 
 
 Mr. Antiquary explained to the landlord who they were, 
 and whither they were proceeding. The host was very 
 glad to meet them, and admired their wise course. He said 
 his wife, originally, was from their region, but she now was 
 absent from home. lie insisted that they should take 
 A drink loss somethin<; : so Mr Antiquary suQ.;i;csted a 
 
 fiery than the . , ° .„ -r i , "" i , 
 
 colored liquids, pitcher of milk, it was brought out, and then 
 all was right between them. 
 
 Mr. Antiquary told Pilgrim and Keep Faith, that, for 
 the present, his occupation in Embankment was gone, and 
 .so he had come out there to join them, on their march, and 
 have the pleasure of their society sometime longer, and 
 until he might be more usefnl at home. So they bade the 
 judge and his wagon a good morning, and went on their way. 
 
 In a few minutes, they came to some stakes, driven by a 
 little foot path, that ran through the stubble, forty paces 
 apart, where, on a certain summer moming, at sunrise, it
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 207 
 
 The place where being Monday, and all the preliminaries 
 
 a duel was , . , i n i 
 
 fought. having been arranged on ounday, two promi- 
 
 neat men of the state had shot at each other twice, and one 
 of them had fallen, in all the strength and beauty of his 
 manhood, a victim to the absurd and cruel exactions of the, 
 so called, " code of honor." 
 
 Mr. Antiquary said, the custom of dueling, in some form, 
 was an old one, but it was a thing much more fair for both 
 of the parties, before the day of fire arms, and many modern 
 inventions, than now. But it was a difficult thing to remove 
 Not easy to do the cvil, wroug and absurd as it could bo 
 
 away the prac. ' tt • i i t 
 
 tice. shown to be. Keep iniith had once witnessed 
 
 a scene of this sort ; but it was attended with no fatal, or 
 bloody consequences ; and then every one sought to turn it 
 into ridicule. He could see no remedy for it, except in the 
 prevalence of better views of the subject, in the community 
 at large, or such views, as would pass the duelist in silence, 
 and give him over to oblivion, so that he could not, as now, 
 become notorious, and bo raised into consoquenco, by 
 engaging in a duel. For, some men would even court the 
 danger of wounds and death, in duels, for the sake of 
 notoriety, and of position, in certain circles, and for the name 
 of braves. The only true and eifective remedy for th«» 
 The most eifec- ^'^i^ ^'^^5 ^^ course, the doctrine of Christ, as 
 tuai remedy. ^^^ f^^.^j^ j^^ ^^^ gospel, forbidding all forms of 
 
 private injury, and the indulgence of a spirit of malice, or 
 revenge, in any circumstances. 
 
 Now I saw, that they kept onward, many miles, through a 
 rolling prairie, into the low hills on the east of the great 
 valley, stopping, now and then, to rest themselves in some 
 .sylvan shade, or to converse with a man at his door, or to 
 salute women and children at their new found homes, far
 
 208 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Salutations i.y ^''*'"^ ^^^^^ otlicr, but iiot distant froiu the noise, 
 the way. dxist, and travel, that linked the world above, 
 
 among the hills, to the stirring world of the valley, and the 
 sea coast. It was late in the day when they descended from 
 a steep and high hill, where were broken wagons, half loads 
 of goods on the ground, wagons with wheels chained, and 
 teams that had been ill trained, and would not go in the way 
 thoy should, drivers that went hard after them, in the evil 
 direction, and used a harsh vocabulary, which the travelers 
 were glad to get out of the sound of, and where, since the 
 fire, anxious owners were watching for their loads, and were 
 ready to gather up the fragments, in case of a crash. 
 
 Proceeding on tlioir way, they soon found themselves 
 The dust of amid the dust of Ophir : but it was as black 
 
 Ophir not ycl- 
 
 low. and unpalatable as any dust they had tasted. 
 
 They had not yet succeeded in picking their way across the 
 neaily dry bed of the stream, amid rails, sticks, and holes, 
 when they were met by a man with long hair, of no color in 
 particular, a long, sorrel beard, hanging over his breast, and 
 fertihzed with a rich admixture of tobacco juice and free 
 soil, and with a squint in one of his grey eyes, who announced 
 himself as Mr. Clay Monger. 
 
 lie was very anxious to show them, as new comers, good 
 Mr. ciav Won- locations, and to assist them in the matter of 
 hts vaiVabi'e'ser- claiins ; for, of coursc, they would stop in the 
 ^"^^'''' richest spot for digging in winter, the countiy 
 
 tifforded. He was extremely voluble, and gave no one else 
 a chance to edge in a remark. He had located thousands, 
 and sold many a claim, and his claims always paid. He 
 was not a speculator on his own account ; he looked- out for 
 others. He never sold a claim in his life, except on the 
 score of benevolence. He was perfectly disinterested ; only
 
 THE CALtFORNIA PILGRIM. 209 
 
 he had rockers, toms, and tools, he would dispose of to 
 those Avho insisted on having them. He liked the looks of 
 the new comers wonderfully ; and they might vastly benefit 
 the place, by remaining in it and promoting its good morals, 
 for they needed some mending. 
 
 They did not stop to listen to him long, for his stories 
 The benevo- hung together no better than the crown of his 
 
 lence is nut ap- . 
 
 i>reciated. hat and the brim, his breath was rummy, and 
 
 they had heard him, or some one near him, using language, 
 ere they came up, that did not sound like that of a consistent 
 advocate of moral reform, so much, as that of a worshiper at 
 the shrine of a hogshead. 
 
 So they got over into the town, and found it to consist, 
 mainly, of one crooked, sidelong street, built on at random, 
 and ofi" from, likewise ; where ru^vs of shanties, stores, grog- 
 shops, saloons, hotels, and the tall polos of parties political, 
 managed, ly dint of some grazing, to keep the uneven road 
 A town in the running along between them, till it came out 
 
 mines, capable . 
 
 of improvement, where it had room to wind away, and get up 
 from the hollow as it could. They were not prepossessed 
 with this town, boasting so ancient a name, and they could 
 not consent to tarry there for the night ; th':ugh it might be 
 a rich and prosperous town, in spite of all they saw, and did 
 not see ; for they beheld no chuich, no school house, no 
 public hall for any but money changers, and very few 
 commodious dwellings, that seemed to contain women and 
 children. They did hear from some one, afterwards, of 
 several literary men to be found there, of whom one was a 
 graduate of a popular and anciant universitj' at the east, and 
 there ranked high for his genius ; and they sincerely hoped 
 he might live to see palmier days, and pleasing changes in 
 his town.
 
 210 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 They now went a nearer road than the one over which 
 the stage coaches toiled wearisomely, and, following the 
 ravine, toward its source, they were not long in reaching 
 another town, rejoicing in a beautiful name, a name made 
 Ahcaiiiffiiiname classic by tlic geuius of the man who sang 
 
 fur a mining n i i • << t> 
 
 tonn. the " loveliest village of the plain." Uut, 
 
 horrors ! here was a town, miles away from any plain, 
 famous three yeais for dry diggings, big lumps, and rough 
 men, lying low in a hollow, and on the edges of a hollow 
 scooped out by nature, at the junt-tion of a half dozen small 
 ravines, built so as to craze an artist of weak nerves by its 
 very grotesnuoness, and yet attaching its gokhm fortunes 
 and unique structures to the classic beauty of the muse of 
 (joldsinith. Mr. Anti(|uary said it reminded him of a 
 neighbor's mule, not a very comely creature, that would 
 answer to no other name than that of Georgiana Sophia. 
 
 The sun was setting when they reached the town, and 
 they must perforce lodge there, though every spot seemed 
 choking full of red dust. However, Mr. Auti<|aary soon 
 found his old friend, Mr. Thriftwise, who welcomed them to 
 his cottage, a little way out from the crowded assemblage of 
 They lodjre out buildings that made the town. Tbey were 
 of theiown. wcary with the journey, and were obliged to 
 decline an invitation to visit the places of public re»ort, to 
 see how they looked by candle light, and to learn the habits 
 and customs of men who live by their wits, of those who fail 
 to live and grow rich by their work, and of those who earn 
 only to spend in low debauch. 
 
 In the morning they went out to view the village. The 
 dry bed of the main ravine ran through the lower portion, 
 which was gravelly and full of pitfalls, having been dug 
 over many times for its gold, and havin<x yielded as much
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 211 
 
 the last time as the first. Around this vale, and on the 
 The features of adjacent slope, the line of buildinus ran, in a 
 
 the place as they , . , ,„, '"" , . 
 
 saw them. badly shaped circle. The center of the circu- 
 
 lar spot consisted of a clump of mean looking houses, with a 
 public street on every side. Of the character of those who 
 occupied the locality no one was forward to affirm anything. 
 The observer must decide for himself. 
 
 The buildings around were of all descriptions, and some 
 indescribable, from the log huts of '49, and the rift clap- 
 boards of '50, to the showy cottage, and the large hotel, 
 that kept, at least, an imposing front, if nothing else that 
 was of that sort. There was a large building on the side 
 hill, whose upper story was bare and empty, but to which 
 the Chinese, in a most uncelestial way, had added a story, 
 from beneath, by digging out the dirt, and fronting the lower 
 part down the hill. 
 
 There was a fine, large structure, with a saloon in it, 
 which had been built entirely over an old, low, one story, 
 shanty of a place, but a famous night resort, nevertheless, 
 m such away, that the old building was occupied, and used 
 as' before, until the new one was finished throughout, with 
 the exception of a portion of the lower floor ; when, at 
 length, the ancient structure, memornblc for red ddst and 
 for yellow, suffered demolition. 
 
 A few trees were still standing on the acres covered by 
 The trees, tim- the town, which somcwhat graced it : and the 
 
 ber, and general _ 
 
 aspect. heights near by could boast some fair timber. 
 
 In general, there was a dearth of water, greenness, order, and 
 beauty, and one who did not know the reason, would have 
 tried in vain to think of a reason, for building such a town, 
 much less for building one in such a locality. 
 
 Over the point of a hill, in another ravine, with a small
 
 212 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 rill of water in it, they found a dozen Celestials learning the 
 art of finding gold. All together, their force was about 
 equal to a man and a boy, but if they obtained knowledge 
 riirsuitofparih- HO fustor tlian they obtained precious metal, 
 
 ly knowledge. ^^^^^ ^^^^.^^ jjj.^i^ ^^ ^^ ^^^ -^^ ^^^-^^ ^^^j^H ^^,^y^ 
 
 till they forgot they were the children of the sun and moon, 
 and wore their queues as convenient handles to take them 
 where they came from. 
 
 Mr. Thriftwise said, the town could not boast any rapid 
 growth since the famous year of '49, though it was not 
 without progress. It was the seat of justice for the 
 county, a county as long and narrow, in its proportions, as a 
 slice of rye bread ^down cast ; but, as yet, justice had no 
 temple among them, other than a split shingle shanty, with 
 The halls of jus- '^ painted front, and so she dwelt, of necessity, 
 ""^''' much retired ; few, but the lawyers, being 
 
 able to find her. The law had advocates enough, in their 
 community, but the gospel found few supporters. There 
 was neither church nor j^arsonage built, and their stated 
 preaching had been only semi-occasionul. Political ineet- 
 ings, and conventions, always assembled on Saturday, so as 
 to improve Sunday, when it was needed, and some body 
 would co.i;e forward to talk politics. More than one 
 Political con- Candidate for office had recently given them 
 snndaTspeech! ^ Sunday speech ; showing, by their conduct, 
 **■ how much easier it was to throw religion out of 
 
 polities, than to take such an element in, especially when 
 one wished to go to Congress. 
 
 They had an independent paper, which, belonging to no 
 party, must, of course, favor both ; and, being independent, 
 must never censure any one, for fear of losing his patronage. 
 As to employing anything else than the most flattering
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 213 
 
 language and choice compliments towards the people and the 
 town, it would not do. People did not support a paper to 
 
 Independent ^cll them their faults, correct their morals, and 
 newspaper. improve their manners, their habits, and their 
 
 homes. If the citizens could not be flattered by their own 
 paper, as the most energetic, prosperous, virtuous, refined, 
 literary, tasteful and pious people in the known world, why, 
 then they would kick the independent journal out of their 
 houses, because it was getting above its business. It was so 
 in more places than one in Bustledom. 
 
 Pilgrim iu(]uired, if those who were freshly come from the 
 cast were not shocked by the vain, irreverent, and godless 
 habits and practices of the people, and if it did not take a 
 long time for them to get to thinking and acting in the same 
 way as those, who, from being better men, had grown pro- 
 New comers are fane, and outlandish in dress, speech and 
 
 not always the _ _ _ _ '^ 
 
 best and the beliavior. ]Mr. Thriftwise said it was easy 
 
 most reliable ... 
 
 men. always to distinguish a new comer, but not 
 
 commonly in that way. Those who came intending, at all 
 hazards, to keep a good character, would do so, even in the 
 worst circumstances; but such as came ignorantly, and 
 thoughtlessly, in respect to such things, were very often 
 overpowered by temptations, and carried away by excite- 
 ment, and by the examples of companions and old 
 acquaintances. 
 
 There was still another class, who came from home ready 
 to engage in anything that would pay, no matter what. 
 They were debauched before coming here, and their evil 
 Some spoiled be- '"'^-js wcrc uot chargeable on California, only as 
 for%he^iand°of shc furnished them opportunities for doing 
 ^°''^' things they were long ago ready to do, but 
 
 were afraid to do, till they got away, far from their own and
 
 214 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 old homes. He could toll an incident of his recent 
 experience. A youns man had called on liiui several times 
 \vithout finding him at home. When he did see him, all he 
 wished was, to know what he should go to doinc^. He had 
 A hopeful citi- ^^^^^^ three weeks in the state, and had spent his 
 '"'"■ last hundred dollars in looking hiin up, in order 
 
 to know what to do. 
 
 Mr. Thriftwise said he felt indignant, that such a man, 
 whom he had scarcely known, years before, and whose 
 character he did not admire then, should come to him, like 
 a mere child, to ask what to do. He determined to test and 
 sound hiin. So he took him, confidentially, up stairs, and, 
 speaking in whispers, asked him if he were quick, and sly, 
 and could keep a secret. He presumed he was gifted in 
 those ways. Then, said I, the most profitable business done 
 in Bustledom is stealing. Stealing, said he, is it possible ? 
 Startling propo- stealing what r Oh, said I, stock, goods, gold 
 ^''''*' dust, any thing, llegular business ; organized 
 
 parties ; depots all about the country. But, said he, is it 
 considered legitimate .' is there no danger: I replied, we 
 don't think of legitimacy ; only of the profits ; it pays well ; 
 that is all. 
 
 Of course, there is danger. If yon are caught, your 
 neck is stretched. You must look out for that, llomember, 
 when you are at it, "that dead men tell no tales." He 
 shook his head, and hesitated. But, what pay am I sure 
 of.' said he. Xot less than a thousand dollars per month ; 
 and, if you are expert, and never caught, a good deal more. 
 lie consent? to ^^ is what I ncvcr thought of, said he, but, at 
 fnVbu°;neVs1n't those rates, it will pay^ well. I'll go in, and 
 will pay. ^.^^^ ij^g j.jg^^ J JJ^^g^ n^ijike something, now 
 
 lam here. But, what '^'ould folks at home think ! How-
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 215 
 
 over, twenty five thousand, in a year or two, that would 
 make it all right. I'll go in, and risk it, said he, rubbing 
 his hands. 31r. Thriftwise, just tell uie how. 
 
 Then I said. Sir, I beg your pardon, I have been 
 deceiving you, on purpose to try you. I suspected you. 
 My suspicions have been confirmed. You came here, not 
 to make your living, or wealth, honestly, but a scoundrel at 
 A serious accu. heart. You wcrc ready to disgrace your 
 embarn&se°d'*" friends, to uuman yourself, to trample on the 
 "^'"'' laws of your country, to forsake God and all 
 
 goodness, to rob your fellow men, and to abandon all claims 
 to common respect and esteem, for the sake of money, 
 and have professed yourself ready, even to steal, and to 
 become one of a gang of thieves. You cm go, sir. This 
 matter lies only between us. If you do not yet know what 
 A moral lecture, to do, I kuow what you havc said you were 
 willing to do. Gro, and work honestly ; and do not think 
 that I shall soon forget you. I have seen too many like 
 you. Heaven grant, I may meet no more such. The 
 country can well spare their coming, and their presence, 
 and our towns will rejoice when similar specimens cease to 
 arrive. 
 
 So, young Mr. Filchfur hurried away, and when last heard 
 ofj he was in a distant county trying to get an office, in 
 which endeavor he had some prospect of succeeding. This 
 man, said Mr. Thriftwise, is one of the many who come here, 
 Importation of villains already, at heart; and when they act 
 
 ready made vil- ... 
 
 lains. out their villainy, people at the east charge it 
 
 all to the account of California wickedness ; when, in fact, 
 these same characters would go east, put on the same old 
 cloak of goodness, and people there would never suspect 
 them.
 
 216 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 Now I saw, that they left this second village without 
 a church, situated only an easy day's ride from the city 
 of Embankment, having bidden Mr. Thriftwise farewell, 
 and went toward the top of a high ridge, running nearly 
 north and south. At the end of a few miles, they were 
 The road leads at the pitch of the hill, and looked down 
 
 down into a . o i i i 
 
 chasm. into an awful chasm, and upon scenery 
 
 grand, and beautiful in its sublimity, though it was only 
 the beginning of such things. They prepared to descend. 
 A deep ravine It was a long journey, and windings, baitings, 
 
 with men at the i i i t i • -hi i -j. 
 
 bottom. and hoklmgs, made lu still longer, and at 
 
 seemed as if they never would reach the bottom. They 
 knew there was a bottom, for they could see it ; but, 
 when they had gone down so far that the height they 
 had left seemed to touch the sky over their heads, still 
 the bottom appeared as distant as when they first gazed into 
 the depth, and men were only pigmies in appearance, 
 and looked like flocks of fowls, moving about on the ground. 
 Night had almost gathered a^ain, when they came 
 down to the edge of the water of the North Fork of the 
 American. At least, it was like evening there ; for the sun 
 was out of sight, and they saw not his face again, till the 
 following day, very late in the morning. Here the Pilgrim 
 They are now ^^^ Keep Faith saw, for the first time, river 
 see^'uiin-is w'ith raining? dams, toms, sluices, flumes, wheels, 
 theirowneyes. gijQygig^ picks, pans, long boots, and other 
 paraphernalia. Right glad they were to rest awhile, and 
 look on the operations of these Yankee miners, in their 
 varied and grotesque attire. The beards and mustachios of 
 nearly all were of full growth, a razor not having passed 
 upon them for a good many months. Their hats were of 
 every order and style. Their shirts were flannel of some
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 217 
 
 color, blue, red, scarlet, green, yellow, white, striped, or 
 plaid, or some faded meiuento of these colors, and some were 
 of the sort called hard hack, or hickory. Some of them 
 A busy place VTorkcd ill tlio watcr with long boots, and some 
 sorting wiuf'i witl^ none but nature's own. It was a bu.«y 
 ^'""' scene. Stones were flying, dirt was shoveling, 
 
 toms were rocking, water was splashing, and, as they were 
 down close to the bed rocK, all were in a state of excitement 
 and restless anxiety. At length they panned out, and two 
 or three pounds of gold showed its bright color, and they 
 were in extacies ; for the yield indicated a hundred dollars 
 per day to a man. 
 
 In a short tine, the travelers went on, following tho 
 course of the river, by a narrow path, now close to tho 
 Thev CO on up '^^'^tcr, HOW ovcr the rocks, and now far up on 
 
 tlic stream. ^j^^, gj^^p j^j^ gj,j^^ ^^^^ ^.^^^^^ .^,. Ig^gtlj^ t^ tho 
 
 cabin of Mr. Auti(|uary's ofc tried friend, one Mr. Upheaval. 
 He was taken by surprise. But he proft'ei'cd the hospitalitios 
 of his home, as though it were a palace. The floor was the 
 ground, the table was of slabs, and there were stools of 
 wood. Tlie kitchen furniture comprised a dinner pot, a 
 The cuisino of a frji^g pan, and a stewing dish. Tea was 
 miner. made in a large tin vessel, and drank from 
 
 smaller ones. The food extended to cold beef, potatoes, 
 pickles, and hard broad ; any of which things a hungi-y man 
 would relish. 
 
 During the evening, Mr. Upheaval gave them an account 
 of his mining history for three years ; in which he had made 
 fortunes and lost them, with equal facility; thougli he had 
 The doings of i^cver failed in the time to send home a liberal 
 Mr. Upheaval, j^onthiy instalment, for the benefit of his 
 family. His enterprises had been prodigious, and he was 
 15
 
 218 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 .still engaged in carryino; on gigantic schemes, and working 
 with his own hands and head, like one that knew no such 
 word as fail, and never would give up. 
 
 They slept, some in bunks, some on the benches and 
 table, and some on tlie ground ; and they were lulled to sleep 
 (.iiiied 10 sleep by the murmur, ripple, and roar of the waters 
 
 on primitive ... , . , i i • 
 
 couches. tumbling over rocks and (l;mi.s, and rushmg 
 
 through flumes and narrows. 
 
 All the next day, they toiled, wearisomely, along up the 
 stream, keeping as near to it as possible, and observing the 
 men by whom they passed, and their works. They were 
 astounded by the evidences of labor, seen on every side, and 
 the long continued, and almost superhiunan, energy that 
 must have been tasked in bringing about so stupendous 
 The giants quite r^sults. Tlicsc works might put to shame the 
 
 outdone. pQ^j. qIJ „^^^^^ ^^ j.-.^^^^^ ^^^^^ pjl^^ p^lj^j^ 
 
 upon Ossa ; for, here had been rocks enough removed to 
 make both of those mountains, and work enough done, to 
 break down all the giants. 
 
 It was sunset, when they reached a large and famous 
 encampment, only a few miles distant from a town witli a 
 very droll name Near by were certain canyons with uumeu- 
 tiouable names. At this point they lodged. During the 
 evening they went out and looked through the encampmeut. 
 It was Saturday evening, and the week's work was done ; 
 and some had received their weekly pay. There was no 
 regular gaming saloon in the place ; but cards were found 
 Saturday night cvcry where. The trading houses were 
 
 at an encamp- • i i i i n 
 
 ment of miners, groceries, hotcis, bar rooms, and so on, all 
 combined ; and the gaming that was done in earnest, was in 
 these. There were monte, faro, whist, eucher, jack, poker, 
 and such games, but a favorite game was "freeze out
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 211) 
 
 poker." The favorite stake, in this game, was a can of 
 peaches, or other preserved fruit, or some such delicacy, 
 toward the purchase of which, three, five, or seven 
 persons contributed each, his share of money. By the rules 
 of the game, when one fou,nd hinjself and his cards in a 
 Freezing out. certain fix, he was excluded, or frozen out; 
 then another, and another,^nd the last was the winner. It 
 was only an ingenious mode of raffling. Of course, there 
 was not much delicacy about these apartments. The miners 
 did not change their garbs, before entering for the evening ; 
 and they were smoking, drinking, swearing, and boasting 
 incessantly. 
 
 Some appeared to b.c trying how fast they could get rid 
 of their week's earnings, by foolish purchases, stakes, a 
 great deal of hard drinking, and inviting every body else to 
 drink, and becoming too generous to preserve even a cent 
 for after wants. Some they saw in their cabins, who were 
 reckoning up their proceeds, adjusting accounts, and hoarding 
 away the most of their dust. Some were in groups, talking 
 Wife children ^^ hoiue, family, friends, and days lang sync, 
 and triends. ^^^j wondering whether fortune would favor 
 their return, or bring their dear ones thither. But the 
 great majority were going, from store to store, and .shop to 
 shop, and spending time and money reckles.sly. And, in 
 general, this squandering class was the one that com- 
 plained most of hard times, and evil fortunes. And, 
 surely, they were badly off. 
 
 Sunday was as noi.sy and boisterous, as Saturday ; but 
 in a different way. There was no digging ; yet there 
 were gambling, chaffering, trading, and auctioneering done. 
 There were also crowds in the streets, or the places so 
 denominated. In their cabins, men washed dishes, and
 
 220 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 cleaned up extraordinarily. They washed soiled garments 
 Occnpntinns on at tlio rivcF. They cloaned and reloaded fire- 
 
 the first day of ,,,, //■**!■ 1 T c 
 
 tiieweck. arnis. i hey ^Ycnt alter their weeks .supply or 
 
 provisions. They made articles for use, repaired damaged 
 tools and garments, prospected, paid off bills, sent to the 
 post office, wrote letters, read newspapers and novels, 
 loafed about for excitement, and did all the odd jobs they 
 could think of, except to trim their hair and beards. 
 
 Pil<Trim and his companions early went to the village of 
 Down East James ; for they supposed they might find a 
 preacher there, and attend divine worship with his congre- 
 o-ation. But no one they met could tell if there were 
 preaching ; or, if so, where it might be. Thus they found 
 Down East themselvcs in the midst of a crowd of godless 
 janics' village, ^^q^^ m^j the hurry, noise, and strife of a 
 mining town on the Lord's day. And, surely, the sight 
 was sad enough ; for here was Vanity Fair outdone in 
 vanity, if not in folly and in crime. 
 
 MORAL. 
 
 There is no divine institution, no appointment of God 
 for the race of man, so slighted and set at nought among 
 us, as the Sabbath, one day in seven for a day of holy 
 rest. The casting away of its benefits, the neglect of 
 its mercies, the rejection of its duties, the abuse and 
 desecration of the day ; these are common enough, and 
 shameful enough, in our cities and best regulated com- 
 munities. But the profanation of the day, that prevails, 
 generally, in the mining districts, is alarming, is dreadful. 
 
 "We have need of a reform in this matter. Yea, this 
 must be the beginning of all public reforms ; the chief
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 221 
 
 among private ones. I can not state the case stronger 
 than it is, nor can you easily imngine it to be worse than 
 you will find it. If you travel up and down our rivers, 
 ravines, and mountains, you will have every religious 
 sensibility shocked, if not every human one wounded. You 
 can not but feel the need of that reform which now is 
 urged. If you have anything beyond the mere&t semblance 
 of piety, not to say humanity, in your souls, you will 
 yourselves urge the reform with all your might. 
 
 By your private example, by your public efforts, by 
 encouraging tho^e who keep the Sabbath, by discouraging 
 those who break it, by all the ways in which influence may 
 be exerted, you have all something to do, each in his sphere, 
 in promoting this reform. You ought neither to patronize, 
 in a business way, individuals, associations, or corporations, 
 nor to vote any into offices of honor and trust, that are 
 known, openly and .shamelessly, to violate the saeredncss of 
 the d:^y. 
 
 AVell you know how n:!edful to health and vigor is 
 physical rest, one day in seven. Well you know how 
 needful to the mind, and the genial and harnjonious exercise 
 of all the intellectual faculties, is just such a change for the 
 thoughts, just such a recreation, as the Sabbath is wont to 
 brinir. Well you know what need there is for a day, so 
 often, to check the ongoing of affairs, to arrest the noise and 
 strife without, to free from the cares of business, to hush all 
 tumult and jar, that time may bo given for the culture of 
 thesoul^ to gather hallowing and blessed influences around 
 it, and lift it above all earthly vanities. Well you know, 
 that, without this day of holy rest, there never has been, 
 there never can be, any true and steady maintenance of 
 religion, much less, any growth and spread of it And well
 
 Tin; CALIFOUMA PILGRIM. 
 
 you know, that, without reliirlon, there is no heaven for man 
 above, and none bcL^uu below. 
 
 Thus you know that " ihe Sabbath was made for man ;■" 
 as our Lord himself hath declared. Your observation goes 
 not but to confirm hi.s word. Act up to the full moasure of 
 the dictates of you'- uiidorstanding. By your life and labors 
 evince how confidentlv you believe the Savior's saying, how 
 thoroughly you have learned the lessons of Providence. 
 Your hopes for j)eaceful eommunities, wise laws, good 
 governments, splendid cities, a noble state, prosperity on the 
 earth, and a home in heaven, all, all, depend on your 
 keeping a weekly Sabbath, and your resting, according to 
 God's commandment !
 
 LECTUKE XI, 
 
 Now I saw ia iny dream, ATiieu Pilgrim ami his 
 companions perceived that they were in the very midst 
 of the village of Down East James, of a Sunday, and 
 could find no place where public worship was held, that they 
 were at a loss what to do. For, if they remained in the 
 streets, and drifted about with the crowds, they would seeni 
 Wishing toavoid to be spending the Lord's diy in the same 
 
 the appearance , i i i .,..1 f%,. U 
 
 of evil. manner as those who had no regard toi it. 
 
 Although it was suggested, that, by doing so, they would 
 learn, from observation of their own, more about the habits 
 and practices prevalent at such places on that day of the 
 week, than were possible otherwise, they could not consent 
 to spend the day in that manner. 
 
 They were relieved of their difficulties by meeting with 
 on:; Mr. Impulsate, a very good sort of a man, in hi^ 
 way, whom Mr. Antiquary had known for some years. Ho 
 was, by regular calling, a physician, and sometimes had 
 practised medicine. He had, also, at times, essayed the 
 practice of law ; sometimes he had been a public functionary ; 
 \ man of parts. Sometimes he had kept a store ; sometimes ho 
 it experiments. ^^^ ^^^^ j^j.^ ^.^^^^ estate Operations ; sometime^
 
 224 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 lie had engaged in quartz mills ; and sonietimcs lie had tried 
 banking. He had, at one time and another, bought into 
 and sold out of, almost every species of stocks in the 
 uiarket. He had been just ready to go east, and expecting 
 to start, every next month, for a year or two, but was never 
 able to clo.sc up his business satisfactorily, or to get his 
 friends off from his hands, so as to start freely. lie 
 had sold out, and relocated several times, on the sainc spot, 
 in the same place; and several times, in as many different 
 places. lie had been rich, and poor again, more times than 
 he could remember. He had never been witliout a half a 
 noiievoienre & dozcn men and women under his care, whom 
 
 7.f'al in no want 
 
 ofoi.jert-i. he was trying to get situations for ; his 
 
 beuevoleuce always outdoing his discretion, aud his hope- 
 fulness keeping (juite in advance of his energies, although 
 they were wonderful. 
 
 l)r. Impulsatc had but recently come to this town, lately 
 sprung up, with its broad, descending street, new houses, of 
 A ncwiv built lidit hucd wood, uupainted, and, therefore, of 
 
 town, of woed ° , , . 
 
 color. one color ; and yet in consequence of tJiis 
 
 uniformity, presenting a tidy and neat appearance, as if 
 fresh from the builders' hands and the workmen's tools. 
 Ho was hurrying along to visit a patient, when accosted b}' 
 Mr. Antiquary. He was very glad to see them all ; for he 
 loxed the company of good men, which the very habits of 
 his life deprived him of. He took them to his office, and 
 had them provided with quiet seats, and a few good books, 
 till his return from his calls. 
 
 But their very retreat overlooked the whole village, and 
 the noise of the streets was not shut out by the thin 
 partitions. Crowds of teams had contrived to get in on 
 Saturday evening or Sunday morning. From his wagon,
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 22.3 
 
 Street fraffic on ^^'^ "^^^ peddling fruits ; another was retailing 
 Sunday. notions ; another, clothing ; and another, boots 
 
 and shoes. Merchants were auctioneering at their doors, 
 and teamsters from their wagons. Music, and the clangor 
 of trumpets, pealed incessantly, or, in vocal utterances, 
 screecl'ked and screamed, from the saloons and groggeries. 
 Bar keepers were in demand ; and there was heard the 
 popping of corks, the ringing of glasses, the jingling of 
 decanters, nud rattle and din of every sort. All was 
 'Dieroisnosmaii exhilaration, excitement, activity, motion, life 
 
 stir among tlie i, , i -i i • i i ' 
 
 people. Money was all the while changing hands. 
 
 There was no quiet, no reserve, no self possession. All 
 was bewilderment. Men forgot where they were, why 
 they came, what the day was for, when they should 
 depart, and wherewith. 
 
 As it drew toward evening, the throng in the streets 
 was less, and the clamors and appeals of the auctioneers 
 ceased ; but the songs and shouts of mirth and revelry rather 
 increased, and there began to be boasting, scolding, loud 
 altercations, quarreling, fighting, ^and shooting, here and 
 there. 
 
 Pack loads of goods and stores on mules, and back 
 The after part of ^o^tls of goods on men. Were leaving every 
 ""^ '^^^'" moment. All sorts of mining implements and 
 
 supplies were loading into very unpretending vehicles, for 
 the small shops and branch stores, in the ravines, and on 
 the bars, wherever wheeled vehicles cou'd be made to go, 
 without whirling more than once over at an upset. 
 
 When the night came, the calm stars shone from their 
 blue depths, with diamond gleam ; the same sweet stars that 
 had smiled on the Pilgrim in his early days, and had como 
 to be his most familiar friends, as they rose and set in their
 
 226 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM, 
 
 brilliant constellations. But there, in that newly Iniilt 
 village, Avliat .scones of friiilt did tliey not look down on, from 
 their far heiglits, all so passive and uudlsuubed ! The 
 streets were nearly abandoned. The gaming saloons were 
 The doincs dii- f"^^- ^Jioiip.s of cagor tUcod mcH were watch- 
 ring iccviMiin;;. j^^^ about the tables, as excited eowipanions 
 staked and lost, coin after coin. They looked on one of 
 tlie.se, when the tide turned, as he thought in his favor, and 
 he bet high and lost all. Thry saw liim, as he went away, 
 pale, and trembling, to drink himself into an hour of strange 
 Evpnthine lost forgetfulness. For, in that moment of horri- 
 i.ir; not money t>lo anguisli, wliat picturcs wcrc m his uund, 
 " "'""■ of early home, father and mother, as he knew 
 
 tliem once ! And how he thought of child and wife, her last 
 looks, anil her latest letters, which were even then in 
 his bosom ! What i.ssue was tliere to be of the wild and 
 dLsordored life he was leading! No wonder he would fain 
 forget himself and the world around ! What would he not 
 give tolilot out all the p;ist ! What docs he not imagine he 
 would essay and accomplLsli, if he could only be what once 
 he was ! 
 
 The drinking siiops, tco, were full of peoi)lc, talking, 
 drinking, lounging. These .shops had fanciful names, and 
 were hung around with paintings of nude forms, with gaudy 
 Drinkin? shops picturcs, of sccnes in the life of a flash man, a 
 
 and tlieir orna- n , „ .• ^. ., 
 
 nients, and fro- I'lucy man, a sportmg man, a gay man of the 
 quentor-. world, a jolly good fellow, and so on. Here 
 
 were puldie men, come to unbend themselves. Judges, 
 magistrates, constables, lawyers, clerks, politicians, men that 
 sponge their living, somehow, out of the public offices, and 
 have the largest liberty, and the most assurance ; all wei-e 
 here for potations. And here judge and culprit drank
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 227 
 
 together, with a very knovrmg wink of recognition. The 
 justice smiled satisfaction, over his glass, at the pettifogger, 
 Promotprs of ^^'^"^ g^t luon bj the ears, about pretty much 
 |,n7"^'',c{|*''''of nothing, and so managed to put fees into his 
 Vigilance. ^^^ pockct, whilc giviug the Court a chance 
 
 to foot up a handsome bill of costs. Here the constable 
 drank success to long difficulties and many witnesses; and 
 the sherift'^s deputy tried, iu vain, to seem strange and cold 
 toward the man, whom he had once had under arrest, but 
 who had managed to slip out of his hands, while he slipped 
 an "adobe" iu. And here were all dignitaries, on a level 
 Dignity unbent, with tho Undignified, and the great were 
 become like vulgar men ; and, in their cups, they .slapped 
 each others' shoulders, in fraternal union, and were known 
 only as Tom, Dick, and Harry, Joe, Sam, and Jerry. 
 
 As the hours passed on, there were other buildings sought, 
 which were not the least imposing in their size and 
 appearance, and which were more splendidly and gaudily 
 finished and provided than any others in the town. Hei-e 
 were gilded bottles, colored drinks, and enticing cordials. 
 The haunts of Here wcrc music, and voluptuous dancing, 
 the shameless, jj^^.^ ^^^^ painted womeu, in flaunting and 
 costly attire, and here were bold looks, honied words, 
 blandishing attentions, and enticing smiles, and simple men 
 went straightway after such as lured them to their inner 
 halls, and lavished food and drink upon them, in the place 
 " The dead are ^f luxury, and wooed thcm to their ruin in tlte 
 """'''" false embrace of death and the grave. Hour 
 
 after hour, the song, dance, and music went on ; and still 
 the sound was in the ears of the travelers, both waking and 
 sleeping, long after the noon of night was gone. Ami the 
 grey of the morning saw many a haggard, pale, man going
 
 228 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 to his rooms, who fain would have concealed from all 
 the world, from the circle at his distant home, especially, 
 "A i.ini of tiio ^'iG truth concerning his revels, and the place 
 uu- voir'o. "^'ana ^^icrc liis uianlincss succumbed, and he was 
 win,r siuJ/'u'il 1-ol'hod of his youth, strength, beauty, and 
 the mailer.-' ,j|j ^|^^^ glory of his goldcn j'cars, and maturing 
 promise. 
 
 These thinps Pilnrim and his companions saw, or heard 
 from the lips of thoii- host, as they passed the evening 
 together, in his small chamber. And together they 
 bemoaned the dissolute habits, shocking morals, and utter 
 lack of hirfh principle, so common in many of the mountain 
 districts ; and togotlier they prayed, that tlie day might 
 soon come for a steady preaching of the gospel, for rpuct 
 Thiiifsaito.'etli- Sabbaths, houses of prayer, and pious house- 
 er desirable. liolJ^, and all tlic genial power and influences of 
 divine grace, and human excellence, as these had been 
 known in former years, and in regions afar. 
 
 The morning dawned auspiciously. The 3nountain air 
 was fresh, and bracing ; and there was a charm abroad in 
 the sunny light, that could not be resisted. Dr. Impulsate 
 took them about the hills and ravines near the town. They 
 " Devil's can. '"'cnfc aoross tho mouth of that one, which 
 ^'""•" commemorates the name of a notorious 
 
 vagrant, going up and down in the earth, that, perchance, 
 was no stranger in those parts. For, there as almost 
 everywhere, some, when themselves got high, seemed quite 
 as intent to raise the " Ancient Henry," if at any time he 
 mi'iht seem to be reclining, as to put down all other spirits. 
 The doctor also had them down into the bottom of that one, 
 "Shirt tail deriving its name from the extremity of an 
 eanyon." under garment ; where, indeed, there was very
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 229 
 
 little to surprise them, and not much to compensate them 
 for their trouble. 
 
 They went, afterwards, into shafts and tunnels, visited 
 slides, mounted up to the Georgia Bluffs, and saw where 
 those many, many pounds of gold were obtained, by five 
 A famous ^^^'^^ ^'"^ ^ ^^'^ wocks ; wliich so surprised the 
 "lead." whole region, and brought tliither such 
 
 anxious, eager crowds in hope to find their fortunes, with 
 like expedition ; none of whom had been more than partially 
 successful. And tlais they spent the day ; making obser. 
 vations of the region and people, and preparing for a 
 continuation of their journey. They did not return to Dr. 
 Impulsatc's again; for that gentleman had been called 
 over to the Middle Fork to patch up the bruised face of a 
 piece of humanity, given to bruising grog; and had gone 
 thence to the village of Sarah, to find a place for one of 
 his dependents. They were left, therefore, to look out 
 for themselves ; as, l?y this time, they were quite able to 
 do, in almost any circumstances. 
 
 Now it came to pass, as they were going to a place, where 
 they expected to find shelter for the night, that they came 
 Amanofchemi- ^^on a man, behind a large cabin, busily 
 and p^acticai'fp! engaged with a fii'e and a retort. lie was 
 plication. distilling the mercury from an amalgam he 
 
 had been forming, in order to test the (j[nality of certain 
 parcels of black sand, and some specimens of quartz rock. 
 Mr. Antiquary recognized this person as a certain Professor, 
 but not the one whom he had known in Einliankment as a 
 doer of various kinds of business, not belongincj to his 
 curriculum. Like other learned men in the land, this one 
 had turned his attention to trading, speculating in city lots, 
 making new towns, taking up public lands, wonder finding,
 
 230 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 hill exploring, political aspiring, and science mongering, in 
 How he lonkci general. He was the very impersonation of 
 '""''"'*"""■="''"• endurance and toughness, as he stood there 
 in his calico shirt. Hi's hands, large, hard, and somewhat 
 discolored, were very huge paws, as compared with the soft, 
 white, little, dumpy things, often appended to the arms of a 
 University scholar. He looked up in amazement at Mr. 
 Antiquary and his company ; but he was too much a man 
 of self direction, to be taken aback. So he finished his 
 distillati(.n, strained the residuum through rags aud 
 buckskin, and finally bi.'ought it to a hard consistence, and 
 turned it over to diy. Having learned the story of the 
 travelers, he couM do neither less nor more than to ask 
 They stop for tho tlieui to share his cabin, and they could do no 
 "'='''' better than to accept his hospitality; although 
 
 it was a shabby building which they were by the side of, 
 and the prospect within was not the most charming. 
 
 So soon as it was dark, in came three or four other regu- 
 lar occupants, and learned men all. Supper cooking began. 
 They all took seats on boards and boxes, and a large box 
 served for a table ; and in behind it were stowed away the 
 View bv caniiie disht>s. A couj^le of tallow caudlcs, that 
 ''^'" guttered bailly, stuck in dirty catsup bottles, 
 
 shed their feeble glimmer over the scene ; and the sheet 
 iron stove smoked when it pleased, and the frying and 
 burning fat on the top could do no less. 
 
 At length they had supper, around the big box, of pork, 
 watef slap jacks, and molasses, rinsed down with oak leaf, 
 shilling tea, sweetened with extra brown sugar, and drank 
 from tin cups, aud far enough from any milk market. It 
 A supper not for ^''^^ not a board spread for epicures, but 
 bonvivants. appetite and much chewing worked the
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 231 
 
 materials into a diet, if not into a severe and solid 
 luxury. After this substantial fare, wheu the dishes had 
 been stowed away, all guiltless of hot water and towels, the 
 feast of reason and flow of words began. 
 
 The conversation turned on the natural sciences, the gold 
 formation, and the various sorts of diggings. For, besides 
 Professor X., there were Dr. H, Greologist Y., Engineer 
 C, and Millwright A. Prof. X. had been in other gold 
 regions of America, and he was sure they were all alike in 
 their general features, and were alike ranged and disposed, 
 keeping ever the same conipauy, and were never found out 
 of place. He believed that the comniou veiws, concerning 
 the origin and place of gold, taught in our colleges, were 
 right ; and they were confirmed by all his observations in 
 The resular and this land. He was in favor of the learned and 
 
 learned school , i i- t-i • i • i i i 
 
 of geologists. regular school. Iveep raith said he read 
 about all the books published before he came, but was never 
 able to tell, exactly, wh:'.t were tlic views of the regukir and 
 learned .school. 
 
 Millwriirht A. said, the doctors never would agree. He 
 did'nt believe any of them. He knew nothing about falcose, 
 quartzose, gneiss, veins, lainiiuo, fissures, strata, tertiary, 
 and such things. He did'nt Vvunt to know, befause he 
 would know less than he did now. He said the country 
 was volcanic. Old and extinct craters could be found ; and 
 The volcanic there was no use in o-oina: further to find out 
 
 theory of .Mill- ^ .'^ 
 
 Wright .\. where the gold came from. The volcanoes 
 
 had melted and mixed it up with the rocks, had scattered it 
 here and there, had thrown it out in lumps, sprinklings, and 
 fluid masses, and poured it belter skelter, in all direction?. 
 That told the whole story. 
 
 When ^Ir. Antiquary asked him to tell how there came
 
 232 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 to be any gold down in the bowels of tlu'sc Aoleanoes, to be 
 
 thrown out, when there wore so many volcanoes in action 
 
 that threw out none whatever, and never had, though active 
 
 An unanswered *'^^' tcuturics ; hc lookcd souiowhat blank, 
 question. 2>jj^ .^^ ij^ugti,^ Ijc g^jj^ ]y^, u^y^J^. ^veut behind 
 
 the scenes ; he was only telling how the gold got out ; he 
 did not pretend to be learned enough to tell how it got into 
 the mountains. He was not learned at all. 
 
 Mr. Anti(|uaiy begged his pardon, but f^aid he had 
 supposed thiit a gentleman who knew that old volcanoes had 
 thrown up and dispersed the gold over these vast fields, 
 might also be able to tell, from his own knowledge, how the 
 An explanatory volcanocs in this country camc to have any 
 
 remark. g^y j.^ tJjj.Q^y q^^ ^^J ^.J,y t},^y ImJ yot ]^ept 
 
 at it till the present time. It certainly would have been so 
 very fine to have had the supply kept up by such powerful 
 agencies. 
 
 Geologist Y. believed that the gold was formed from its 
 elementary gases, if elements it had, in the bowels of the 
 oarth, ages ago ; that, when in a fluid state, it was mingled 
 with molten quartz, and so thrown up by heaving agents to 
 the surface, and toward the surface, and into fissures and 
 openings ; where it was cooled. Thus the quartz veins were 
 ThP theory of formed. As the centuries went by, the 
 geologist Y. continent, before submerged, was lifted out of 
 the waters, gradually, and then the elements above went to 
 work, disintegrating the rocks, and grinding down the hills, 
 with icebergs and boulders, with cold, heat, and storms, 
 laying bare the veins, breaking them through, crushing them 
 to atoms, rubbing the atoms and fragments down, in tor- 
 rents, rivers, and among rocks, and spreading the finer 
 portions over vast surfaces, or depositing them in old chan-
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. *-i33 
 
 iicls, and ancient eddies ; these places being constantly in a 
 changing condition, as the continent rose out of the sea, so 
 A long sentence ^^^^^ ^^^ channels and places of deposit were 
 ^"'^«'*- often filled up with drift and dirt, and new 
 
 ones were gullied out. Thus, in the progress of untold 
 centuries, the ground came to be what it is, and the 
 gold to be where it is, and all the time, natui'o was at 
 work, doing more than hundreds of men, to reveal the 
 rich tieasuies she had been cycles in preparing. 
 
 Dr. H. saw insuperable diflB-culties in these theories. 
 They were not satisfactory. They made the whole process 
 of gold production an awk\\'-ard, clumsy, piece of business, 
 A theory more with no poctrv about it: and beins; so prosy, 
 
 poetical is in re- . i J _ ' o f J 7 
 
 •I'lost. it was not at all like nature. Nature was 
 
 poetical always. He did not think there was any gold in the 
 
 bowels of the earth, or ever was. Gold, and its kindred 
 
 metals, came to the earth from without, from the regions of 
 
 meteors, comets, and the like. Iron had often come, in hot 
 
 masses and cold, down through the atmosphere. Other 
 
 mineral substances, also, had come thus, as well as stones, 
 
 of some kinds ; and all these, in very recent times. There 
 
 always had been a region somewhere in space that furnished 
 
 the world with aerolites, meteors, and comets. 
 
 In that region he presumed these substances existed in 
 
 their elemental gases. There were periods when these 
 
 gases entered into new combinations, came into new 
 
 relations, under their own laws, of course, and when meteors 
 
 and comets were severed from the great mass, and flew off 
 
 toward the sun, but were sometimes stopped by coming into 
 
 the sphere of the earth's attraction, and so were intercepted, 
 
 anil sometimes brought down to the surface. In this way 
 
 ho tliought a comet had brushed the world, in its flight, had 
 IG
 
 234 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 left large portions of itself on the world, in gaseous forms, 
 The rationale of and liad, at the same time, set our atmosphere 
 
 tlic poetical the- , ^ 
 
 ory. on fire, creating a heat, compared witli 
 
 wliich, Nebuchadnezzar's furnace was only a liotcl fire, 
 fusimr all the friable rocks, burning the whole soil to a 
 cinder, or into red clay and brick dust, and melting down 
 the tops of hills into the likeness of cones and craters. 
 
 And thus he conceived that the gold was deposited by tlie 
 comet, and introduced into the melted quartz, and other 
 rocks, into the soil, all along the track, and made to take on 
 such forms and shapes as we found it in; tliough, of course 
 the water and weather had acted on it since. And thus, 
 also, he accounted for the presence of nickel, cobalt, and 
 divers other minerals, so inseparable from a gold region. 
 In this way, too, he accounted for th e unique appearance 
 of the hills, soil, and rocks ; and for the crumbled quartz, 
 and the baked aspect of so many acres of the ground. 
 
 Keep Faith said it was a beautiful theory ; and the fire of 
 A brief comment, an atmosphcrc, SO much of it oxygen, and, at 
 least, twenty %e miles high, must have been a most 
 magnificent affair. Some , people he had known, who were 
 always in terror at the appearing of a comet, lest it should 
 come in contact with terra firma. But if this theory were 
 true, and the space burnt over were not too large, hereafter, 
 none would be apprehensive concerning it, but rather, glad 
 to have a brush with a comet. It was, too, a most capital 
 way of restoring the world's wealth ; for, although the 
 material came through the air, it was better than castles in 
 Something finer that rcgiou ; and, though it was once all gas, 
 
 than castles, in . .i T ^ 
 
 the air. it became none the less auruni purum, on 
 
 getting cold. In other days, people thanked their stars 
 for their successfid fortunes ; in later times, and in Bus-
 
 THE CALIFORXIA PILGRIM. 235 
 
 tledom, it wouLl seem that tlio saiuo sort of people ought 
 to thank their comets, for such a wide '• streak of good 
 luck," as ran along these ribs of the continent; ribs that 
 were enriched and mottled with yellow, by being roasted. 
 Engineer C. said he could not see as there was any use in 
 trying to learn how gold was manufactured, and where it 
 The cn"ineor C'luie froiu, unlcss tlicy could also learn where 
 delivers hhnseif. ^^ ^^^ j^^ ^^^t^ j^^^, ^^ manuf-icturc it for them- 
 selves. For his part, if he could learn where tlje best 
 pickings of the old batch were, he should be well satisfied, 
 and ^Tould never ask how the stuff came to be gold, and not 
 pyrites, nor liow it got where he found it, nor when the 
 next supply would be furnished to mankind. He knew of a 
 legend, extant in many rocky parts of the world, to account 
 for the existence of " awful stony spots," purporting that, 
 once on a time, a notorious ancient rebel there broke his 
 apron strings, and left a largo pocket full of flint rocks. He 
 Shaken from ce- thought, after the same general method, that 
 lestiai wings. ^^^^^ much better personage, or good angel, 
 might have emptied his purse, or shaken his wings over 
 this region, and thence came the deposits and sprinklino-s of 
 gold. This, if true, would account for the facts, and, for 
 aught he could see, it was as fine a theory of the gold orio-in, 
 as any body's he knew. 
 
 Thus the discussion went on for a long time ; and each 
 was, at the hour of retiring, of much the same opinion as 
 Who shau de- when the talk began. And then I saw, that 
 
 cide when doc- ... 
 
 tors disagree.^ Pilgrim, having heard all the sayings of these 
 earned doctors, was very pleasurably anticipated in his wish 
 to retire, by the nod and start of Mr. Antiquary, who had 
 long been asleep, while the talkers supposed he was 
 graciously bowing assent. The beds they slept on were
 
 236 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 not down, except on the ground ; but they slept well and 
 comfortably, after so hard a day's tramp, and so solid a 
 supper, and so soporific a discussion. 
 
 They awoke to repeat tlie same operation, in making a 
 breakfast, as in taking their supper ; and all this, before 
 sunrise. For tliu professor was wide awake at the cock 
 Early hours crowing, although no cock crew ; and the .sheet 
 among miners, -^.q^^ stuve began Smoking before the miners' 
 pipes, and before the hills in the sunshine. In due time, 
 the travelers took formal leave of the literary group, at this 
 focus of the learned, and of their cabin with its greasy 
 dishes, smoky books, empty boxes, and lowly beds, and took 
 their way, by the compass, for On Hand and Rugged, Herb 
 vale, and the city of Nivalis. There was a trail, some of the 
 way, they hoped to strike, and bars, villages, and diggings to 
 be found, as they might happen upon them. 
 
 They journeyed now into the wild regions. Such hills as 
 Tho mountain ^^'^7 Came to, such valleys, such ravines, such 
 scenery. arbor vitso, such pines, such moss, such rocks^ 
 
 such cataracts, and such sublimity, ruggedness, grotcsque- 
 ness, and wierd wonders of land, water, and vegetation, no 
 mortal ever came upon elsewhere. They would get them- 
 selves down, down, down into a narrow gorge, leap a little, 
 dashing stream, pull themselves, by roots and branches, 
 when they could not crawl, up an almost perpendicular three 
 miles, and then find that they were on the back of a hill, as 
 sharp as that of a skeleton horse, whence they must go down 
 again, by a like weary descent, into the gloom and darkness 
 of a canyon still deeper, in the bottom of which were grow- 
 ing stalwart pines, that seemed to them but stinted shrubs. 
 At such moments they would stop to rest, and gaze where 
 no sign of human presence was, beyond themselves, and no
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 237 
 
 trace of man had been left, and no sound was heard above 
 In the wilds, and the music of the breeze in the pine boughs, 
 among rocks. Jagged, cragged, broken, abrupt, fissured, 
 seamed, tossed, jumbled, stacked, thrown belter skelter, 
 were all the materials around them, which scenery is made 
 of, and it was a strange sight to look on them, left in such a 
 chaos of order. 
 
 Thus they pursued their way through the land of trial, 
 the regions of ups and downs, which Chrysochron, the king 
 of the country, had appointed for trying the patience and the 
 pluck of all prospectors and travelers. At length, when it 
 was toward night, they came suddenly down upon a miner, 
 at work in a ravine. He was by himself, though others were 
 in sight below. Ilis was the only strange face they had 
 • seen, in some hours, and it was pleasant to look 
 
 A soiitarj' mi- ' ' ■*• 
 
 ner, doing well. ^^ j^^ ^ uushaveu as it was, for it had lines of 
 thought in it, and the eyes beamed with intelligence. Their 
 surprise was mutual ; but Pilgrim broke the silence by 
 inquiring about his health and success. He said he never 
 was heartier in his life, and in respect to his digging, he had 
 nothing to complain of. He was making fair wages, and he 
 was anxious for nothing more. Gold was good ; but there 
 A mine yielding was something far better than gold, which he 
 
 something better i i r. i -i • ii 3 • j? 
 
 than gold. also Searched for, daily, m the sacred mine ot 
 
 the scriptures ; and he pointed to a well worn Bible, lying 
 by his gold dust box, water cup, and pan. 
 
 Pilgrim asked, if he found no difficulty in trying to lead a 
 christian life, in such a region, and in such circumstances. 
 Yes ! he found obstacles ; but not greater ones than he 
 had often encountered before, though of a different sort. 
 But, he did not measure his obligation to lead a christian
 
 238 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 life, by the kind, or miniber, of the tlifficultics in tbo wny. 
 A riiristian life Ono ouglit to be, and coiild bo, a cluustian, any 
 
 prarficable '",^^111 i i ' 
 
 tiie minps. whcrc, \vho rciilly meant to bo one, and was 
 
 constant and earnest in his endeavors. 
 
 Pilgrim inquired if ho found any to sympathize with him, 
 and if he AA'crc favored with christian companions. He said 
 there Avere a few in tlie region. Some of them wore the 
 best, and most exemplary men he had ever known. They 
 Some true men ^^''^'"'^ ''^^^ ^hc better, hc thought, for their trials 
 to bo found. ^^^ exposures; and all men believed it was 
 so in their case. But, too often, wliat once seemed good- 
 ness in men, had vanished like the morning mist. He was 
 alone, yet not alone. In respect to habits, he did his trading, 
 prospecting, visiting, cleaning up, and so on, of a Saturday 
 afternoon, and kept his Sabliaths (juietly, and rigidly ; and 
 he believed he had enjoyed more comfort, and had more 
 gold, at the end of a month, than most of his neighbors, in 
 other circumstances, similar. He coukl send home, at 
 least, a hundred dollars a month, and that sum would 
 What is done support liis SOU at coUcgc, and his daughter 
 
 witli sold, some- , i i 1 1 111 
 
 times. at school ; and when they were through, he 
 
 should have nothing more to stay in California for, 
 unless he sent and brought them hither. 
 
 Pilgrim said, he thought ho must be a happy man in 
 his contentment. He replied, that he could not be 
 otherwise. He was gratifying some of the dearest wishes of 
 his heart, and believed he was serving God, in the way of 
 his duty. By this time, he had gathered up his tools, and 
 was ready to go with his guests, as he was about to make 
 all three of them, toward his log cabin, on the hill side. 
 The good man'i ""^^^i* ^ v'^^^y ^"'1 ^car a clear spring of 
 *"^'""' water. It was small and lowly, but could
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIxM. 239 
 
 iaold all. It ' was floored and neat ; and there was an 
 armed chair iu it made of natural crooks and unshaven 
 sticks, with a sack bottom. It was rude and simple, yet 
 queer, and almost handsome, for its oddity. There was a 
 table, of the same fashion, in one corner. There was a 
 Its furniture. shelf of books and daguerreotypes, up higli. A 
 mirror hung on the wall ; and also files of the Pacific and 
 other papers. There was a stone fire place and chimney, 
 at the end, and a cupboard over the fire place, where was 
 crockery ware, instead of tin. 
 
 Mr. Antirpiary said he liad seen, in new countries, a 
 whole family stowed away in a liouse far less comfortable. 
 Keep Faith said he never thought to find such a man 
 and such a house together, iu that wild region, and after all 
 he had heard of the life that miners led. When their 
 supper was finished, homely though it had been, of coarse 
 fare, and no large variety, a keen appetite supplying the 
 Condiments in pl'^ce of many condiments, and giving a relish 
 '^'' *""'^' that no delicacies could, they went down a 
 
 mile, with their host, to a bar on the main stream, where 
 were many miucrs and traders, and something like a village. 
 
 It was evening ; and the tall, dark pines, that grew around, 
 added a gloom as well as a grandeur to the scene. Lights 
 were dancing thickly about, as they looked from the height 
 down upon the scene, and men were passing to and fro, in 
 Village on tho all directions. As they went along the narrow 
 bar, by night. street, the principal gambling saloon threw a 
 glare of light upon it ; and the drinking shops were all wide 
 open, though the night was chill, and somewhat damp. 
 
 As they were passing, a noise and outcry drew them to 
 tho farthest quarter, close under tho hill side. Here was 
 QUO of the stateliest buildings the place could boast. Two
 
 240 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 rooms took up the whole of tlie lower stor}'. The front one 
 Evening walk, was a lounging, Or sitting room, with a bar in 
 it ; and the back one was a dancing room. There was also 
 a sort of piazza, in front of the building, whore seats were 
 arranged. There were scuius of men hero, as lookers on, 
 or revellers in dis.sipation. 
 
 In that rear ajiartnieiit, were miners and others, with nn 
 gay clothing on, nor thin >-Iipi»ers, with nnkemjit hair, and 
 long beards, stamping through tlio dance with perfect 
 wilducss and abandon, amid clinids df dust, :ind with siieh 
 companions as vulgar, smoking, spitting, painted, swearing, 
 females can make. They were cheered on by dinning, 
 Things seen by crashing music, and the bravos of spectators. 
 
 night ; not un- ,, 
 
 usual in any J3etwecu the sets, all adjourned to the bar, 
 
 towns and villa- _ ' 
 
 ges. steaming, and sweating, and dusty, to refresh 
 
 themselves with horrid liquors, and get into the spirit of a 
 new movement. In the sitting room were the postmaster 
 and deputy sherifF playing cards with their favorite courte- 
 zans. On the piazza was the principal doctor, with a 
 senorita on his lap, and he had a young wife at home. The 
 law partner of the justice of the peace was gallanting another 
 Spanish woman about the streets. 
 
 3Ir. Evenmind, their host, said he knew several of those 
 who were in the house. They were victims of their passions 
 Remarks of Mr. dtirely. For two ycais, and more, they had 
 Evcimiind. been there, and every dollar obtained was spent 
 in such places. They were commonly in debt, and could 
 not ](ave, without running away. Most of them were of 
 good families. Some had been well educated ; and not a 
 few had families of their own, for wliose support the}' were 
 doing nothing at all. 
 
 They turned away from the scene, filled with sadness by
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 241 
 
 what they saw. It appeared to them like the hole of the 
 pit ; like a cave of witches and hags in an orgie ; like the old 
 fable of pans and satyrs, bacchanals and bacchantes, more 
 than made real. 
 
 They retired to rest, praying against temptation ; Mr. 
 Antiquary remarking, that California seemed, in some 
 respects, to open a new chapter in civilization, and to show, 
 in new light, the power of corruption over men. Xo one 
 could ever have dreamed the half they had witnessed. 
 
 MORAL. 
 
 Had it been said, at the time of the Presidential election 
 in 1848, that at the end of four years a large and powerful 
 state on the Pacific coast would participate in the election 
 then to be made, to most the thing would have seemed 
 vLsionary and chimerical. Eut our e3^es have seen it all. 
 The thing has come to pass. "We are here, a state, two 
 hundred and fifty thousand strong. We are growing 
 in importance. We are rising in majesty. We have 
 accomplished what the world never saw before. It has been 
 shown what wonders a people can perform. A new experi- 
 ment has been tried. A new problem solved. We are 
 the marvel of civihzatiou. Enterprise, wealth, greatness, 
 are ours* But, amid all that is bright, encouraging, and 
 full of promise among us in this land, California is reading 
 us a lesson in civilization of another sort. It is, for 
 substance, this, that whatever else civilization, with all its 
 energy and progress, may do for mankind, it is not sufficient, 
 of itself, to renovate humanity, to cultivate, refine, purify, 
 and ennoble man's moral nature. It is equal to no such 
 task. It fails to work any moral wonders, at all comparable
 
 242 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 to its acliievomcnts in science, literature, art, and govern- 
 ment. And the failure is such as to indicate not simply 
 imperfection, but lamentable weakness, almost utter 
 impotency. 
 
 There have been civilizations in the world before ours. 
 Each one of them has finally proved, either too much, or too 
 little for itself, and has .sunk down and been lost amid the 
 corruptions it had engendered Our civilization is showing 
 the same weakness. It can not sustain itself at this high 
 pitch very long. Its own vices will destroy it. Something 
 u^ust hold in check, or eradicate the vices of our civilization, 
 or itself will be engulphed. "What thing shall it be .' What 
 remedy is suflicient for the evil .- 
 
 In Christianity it must be found, or nowhere. It is 
 Christianity that has preserved modern civilization so long ; 
 that has kept it, cumbered, as it has been, with its own 
 vices, from being utterly overborne by them. Christianity 
 has done so much. It can do more. We arc foredoomed 
 without it. ^V^i must be saved from our corruptions. We 
 must be redeemed from the thraldom of lust. The religion 
 of Christ alone can save us from them. He alone can 
 redeem us. And every one who fails to support christian 
 institutions hero, and ministers and churches ; who does not 
 try to promote the spread of tho gospel in its power among 
 us, lacks patriotism, lacks wisdom, lacks love. He is 
 doing naught to root out the vioes gendered by civiliza- 
 tion in man's inherent depravity; and, therefore, is 
 writing a ecntenee of reprobation on himself, and sealing 
 his country's doom.
 
 LECTURE XII 
 
 The light of day vras creeping down stealthily into the 
 depths of the chasm, and relieving the sombre shade of the 
 evergreen trees, beneath whose branches the sunbeams rarely 
 strayed, when ^Ir. Evenmind, the lone miner, arose, as I 
 saw in my dream, and lighted his candle, and began to 
 Mornin? medi- prepare the morning's repast ; reading his 
 tation.s. Bible at intervals. The guests also were soon 
 
 astir ; and together they breakfasted cheerfully. Then they 
 sang: "Once more my soul the rising day," and joined in 
 devout thanksgivings and prayer. 
 
 Pilgrim and his companinHS left the excellent man, who 
 was there digging gold, reluctantly, yet with blessings. 
 They knew they should meet again, though not in the gold 
 fields of the Occident, nor by the flow of these mountain 
 They should all sti'cams ; but, rather in the golden streets of 
 mpet again. ^^^ ^.j^-y^ whosc entrance is by the gates of 
 twelve pearls, and by the flowery banks, and dropping fruits 
 of the " river of water of life ;" and so there was a gladness 
 mingled with their regrets. 
 
 They now descended again to the village on the bar, 
 which they had gone through the previous evening, to see
 
 244 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 its appearance by night. The sun was scarcely risen enough 
 The village bv *^ i^hiuc into the vale, yet there was bustling in 
 daylight. ^Yic street, and around the door of one of the 
 
 hou.ses, a large crowd was gathered. On inquiry, they 
 learned that a man was dying there of a wound received in 
 a fjanibliiiff saloon, a .few hours before, at the hands of a 
 monto dealer, whom he had accused of cheating. Volun- 
 teers had gone in pursuit of the fugitive murderer ; and the 
 crowd were in constant expectation of seeing him brought 
 back, or of hearing that he had been caught, lynched, and 
 hung. 
 
 Having gone forward a few rods, they saw, at the pest 
 house of iniquity, creatures faded, disheveled, pale, and 
 Seeking fre>h haggard, in feminine garb, with a cold, miser- 
 air and warmth, .^i^j^^ shivering aspect, creeping out to find a 
 breath of untainted air, and catch a ray of warmth from the 
 sun's early beams. How changed they were from the 
 beings that wore the paint, frippery, glitter, gaiety, and 
 mirtli, apparent daring the first hours of the preceding night ! 
 
 Now I saw, that they made their way from this mining 
 village, aiKl out of the bed of Eruin Creek, by a steep and 
 rugged path, that went, winding up the bold ascent, among 
 rocks, and trees, across small ravines, and through narrow 
 Thev reave the P'lsses, till it reached a commanding height, 
 valley, & climb. jjg,.g ^j^^^^ j^.^^j ^ ^AVjiQ tract of couutry in full 
 
 view, on every side. And here they found a man, with his 
 equipments, and a mule, who had been camping out, and 
 was getting ready for a start. 
 
 They inquired of him about the best road. He said he 
 was going the same way, on a prospecting tour, and would 
 bear them company, if they wished. They readily assented 
 for they wished to go by the best and nearest path, and were
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 245 
 
 rather glad to have a guide. As they proceeded onward 
 together, the mule traveling in advance of them, the 
 prospector was somewhat rallied from the gloom that had 
 evidently been oppressing him. And, when he learned the 
 character and aims of his fellow travelers, he became con- 
 fidential and communicative. He told theiu how tenderly 
 and carefully he had been reared, and what hopes his 
 The story of hia P'^rents had indulged concerning him, and how 
 early years. j^^ j^^j disregarded their wishes and plans, and 
 betaken himself to a roving life. 
 
 He was early attracted to Bustledom, and came hither 
 along with a host of adventurers. He did not succeed woll 
 in mining. The work was too laborious for him, considering 
 his feeble frame and his former habits of life, and was, also, 
 iMinins and tra- too Confining and tcdious. Trading was not 
 ''"'=■ much better; and he had gone from '^^no 
 
 business to the other, several times ; but fortune never 
 smiled on him. He tlicu became a clerk, in a larg^ town, 
 A clerk, he and, at tiuies, had much leisure. He played 
 
 drops intu the . . i J 
 
 saloons. games for amusement with fiiends, as others 
 
 did. He acquired skill. He dropped, now and then, into 
 the gaming saloons, of an evening, and watched the on- 
 goings there. He was on good terms with every body, and 
 learned numerous secrets of the art. He began playino- in 
 earnest, and for a wager. His successes, in a small way, 
 fascinated him. He overcame all his misgivings and 
 scruples, as well as he could, and took up the business for 
 Progress in evil, himself, and kept a table. By the utmost 
 diligence and economy, for he was not vicious in his habits, 
 and cared only to get money, and by the plying of his 
 Gets gains, but utmost skill, throuo-h loner nights of excite- 
 
 they do him no ' o o e 
 
 good. ment, weariness, vexation, and toil, for months,
 
 24G THi: CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 he accumulated several tliousantl dollars. Then he was seized 
 with a brain tcver, and a hundred ills and ailments followed 
 in its train. His last dollar was gone for expenses, before 
 he was well enough to go about any business. 
 
 So the curse had followod him. He knew he did wrong. 
 Thccurso. It was the Almighty's curse. Clod would 
 
 not let men uuike money Ijy gambling. It would not slay 
 with gamblers. They either became corrupt and wicked, 
 and spent their gains in debauch, or el.se divine Providence 
 took it from them in some severe way. He knew this was 
 the history of all the ill gotten gains of gamesters, so far as 
 he knew anything about them. It was time for him to 
 Reform. abandon that course of life, and he had 
 
 abandoned it. For, if he made gains by it, yet once more, 
 he knew the Almighty would never let him keep them. He 
 was going north to seek some better employment. 
 
 Pilgrim imjuired if such feelings and views were commou 
 among the saloons and gamesters. Seely Jarre, for that 
 was his name, said, that many of those men had been reared 
 as he had been, and were educated, refined, polite, and 
 kindly in their feelings. They loved good things, they 
 wiiatsortofinen respected virtuous people, they reverenced 
 
 are found in tlic 
 
 saloons. religion, and were glad to know there were 
 
 christian influences at work in the community. They were 
 generous and benevolent. They were exact and honest 
 with those they employed. They were glad to give, -and 
 would give liberally to objects of charity, and to christian 
 enterprises. 
 
 But the ruling spirits of those circles were not often of 
 this sort. Sometimes they were the very reverse ; so that 
 the others could not act out the good they felt. And then 
 there were temptations about the business, and it involved
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 247 
 
 a wrong", and the whole tendency of it was downward ; and 
 
 Bad tendencies. SO, in COUl'Se of tiuiC, thosc who followod it 
 
 against their convictions, lost the sense of wrong they once 
 had, by destroying it, or stifling it with the rubbish and filth 
 of evil doing. 
 
 Mr. Antiquary said, he knew, in '50, a young man who 
 had his wife with him. He saw them on the way from a 
 country town to Embankment. They had three thousand 
 dollars in silver, and as much more in gold, in their buggy. 
 The man had made this iu a short time by gambling. He 
 A sad history. was now going to play and operate on a larger 
 scale in Embankment. The wife was an interesting lady. 
 She was opposed to his pursuit, but could not persuade him 
 from it. They were fond of, and faithful to, each other. 
 In the course of the season, he heard that the young man 
 had been broken. He had fallen 'into the hands of the 
 unscrupulous blacklegs and sharpers, and they had contrived 
 to pluck him of every dime he had, to break down his 
 reputation in their set, and so to turn him from their honor- 
 able company, except as a tool and dependent. And 
 thus they had left him to support his wife as he could. The 
 result could not but be foreseen. The husband fell to drink- 
 ing and desperation ; and what became of them, afterwards, 
 he knew not. 
 
 Keep Faith said he used to judge all gaming men harshly, 
 and call them all infamous ; but he had learned that they 
 were not all of the same sort and degree, though all were 
 guilty of a serious crime against society, and themselves. 
 There were just such differences among them, as among 
 other viciously inclined men. And there were those who 
 could be reached, and be saved from the ruin that menaced
 
 'J48 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 A plea for icn- tlicni. Ovcr Certain minds, tliere was no 
 nient an(! ^coinl fascinatioH likc that of games of chance and 
 passion. g|.jjj jj. yfQ^^\^[ grow into an all absorbiuj^ 
 
 passion. He had known men and women, in higli circles, 
 who played only for pleasure, that neither read nor thought 
 of aught else than their games for months and years. He 
 thought our feelings toward many of our gamblers in I3us- 
 tledom shouM bo that of compa<;sion, rather tliau hate. We 
 were too much iu the habit of lumping them together, and 
 loading them with liard names and curses. 
 
 Mr. Scely Jarre said, it wa.s, in truth, the vice of vices, 
 to those who were under its spell. It drew men, so almost 
 irresistibly, iata the indulgence and practice of all other 
 The saying of viccs, from lughcst to lowcst. The vciy fivct 
 ;Xr'h"e ''"had that one was a gambler, to the smallest extent, 
 experienced. caused him to be regarded by the panderers to 
 all other vices as their legitimate victim ; and if one aspired 
 to consideration, as a gamester, he must sjtond money freely, 
 at stands, stables, bars, rcvstaurauts, brothels, and the like, 
 or be thought close, mean, and poor. He would lack* 
 otherwise, the esprit du corps, and be looked on as one who 
 degraded the dignity of his calling. 
 
 The conversation with this man had so absorbed the 
 attention of Pilgrim and his friend.?, that they had gone over 
 hills, and through vales, and by houses numerous, and had 
 scarcely taken a passing notice of them ; and they were 
 already in sight of the little mining town of On Hand and 
 They come in Ruo-o-ed, witli its oue storv houscs, huts, 
 
 sieht of Roiigli o= ' . i i , i 
 
 and Ready. cabins, and shanties, perched up there on tue 
 
 very rockiest, and most uncouth hill side in all the region. 
 Ere they mounted up to this renowned village, the roads 
 divided, and they took affectionate leave of Mr. Seely
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 249 
 
 Jarre, wishing him honest prosperity for the future, and a 
 persevering manliness. 
 
 As they were climbing the hill, a youth, mounted on a 
 white mule, overtook them. He said he was agent and 
 clerk for a company, that had water, claims, tools, cabins, 
 They nii^ht hear and SO on, to let or Sell, and that, by calling 
 
 something to 
 
 their advantage, on Messrs. Seezuiu &. Pluck, they would hear 
 of something to their advantage; Advice gratis. They 
 could state to these gentlemen, that Mr. Yapid Thinn 
 recommended them to call. He gave them a card, also, 
 with directions, and then he spurred up, to overtake a 
 traveler ahead. 
 
 Mr. Antiquary said, the young gentleman's face was too 
 much like a hatchet. Pilgrim said, he was altogether too 
 polite, because his was unnatural politeness. Keep Faith 
 said, he used too much bear's oil in cultivating his face, and 
 took too much pains to wear a sort of dandy miner's dress. 
 Dandyism in the ^oi'j singular as it might seem, in either case, 
 country. there were dandies among miners, as well as 
 
 among ministers ; and he didn't know which took the palm, 
 they were so evenly matched. 
 
 So they decided that Mr; Thinn's object was too trans- 
 parent, and that Messrs. Seezum & Pluck could hardly be 
 men whom it would profit themselves to call on. They 
 only stopped in this finished town; finished, it would seem, 
 by having been partially abandoned when half built, to get a 
 drink of pure water, and rest their limbs a moment. Nor 
 A case of diffi- '^^re they able at once to fix upon the struc- 
 '"'^y' ture in the place, which, by common consent, 
 
 might be regarded as the model edifice, the ornament of the 
 village, and the pride of the inhabitants. 
 
 Leaping mud holes and clmibing ledges, they got up, at 
 17
 
 250 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 length, to the brow of the hill ; but, wheu they looked l>:iek 
 to survey the place agaiu, and decide the ijuestion in doubt, 
 the whole town was lost to their view. Escaping, by some 
 dexterous passes and plunges, the niirc of several ditches 
 that ran mud, as thick as hasty pudding, made of water and 
 red earth, or brick dust, they journeyed on, through a 
 pleasant region, of slope, intervale, woodland, and mining 
 scenes, for some miles, and were delighted on finding 
 The hill that themsclvcs so soon upon a height, overlooking 
 VaUcy. Herb vale, with its green flat, forest border, 
 
 swelling hills in the distance, its thriving village, and noisy 
 bustle, and driving mills. 
 
 They were weary, and somewhat travel stained, as they 
 passed down through the main street. But Mr. Antiquary 
 soon had them to the house of his old friend, one 3Ir. 
 Staybill, a lawyer, of as much benevolence as ability, and a 
 Mr. Staybill his g^^d deal of botli, Hcrc they dined and were 
 '""'■ refreshed ; and they heard from the lips of 
 
 their new friend the history of the vale, and of the enterprises 
 v.'hich had made it famous across two oceans. 
 
 M'ith him they visited quartz veins, crushing mills, saw 
 mills, flat diggings, and all the spots of interest and note in 
 the immediate vicinity, not omitting the little church, that 
 might have been larger, and should never have been allowed 
 to fall into its present anomalous condition. 
 
 The moral aspect of the town was good, as compared with 
 Further obser- some of the churchless villages of the state ; 
 vations. 1^^^^ -^ ^j^ ^Q^ g^ ^g|j correspond with the good 
 
 taste, beauty, enterprise, and high qualities, exhibited in 
 other forms. There was, however, something of a worldly 
 look about nearly all they saw, and the enticements and 
 concomitants of vice were neither blushing nor hidden ; and
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 251 
 
 the saloons and hotels monopolized too much of the glory 
 of Herb vale even. 
 
 Pilgrhu and the rest were anxious to lodge at Nivalis, 
 and were constrained, therefore, to depart, in spite of Mr. 
 Staybill's entreaties that they would tarry with him. They 
 were scarcely out of sight of the town, when they were met 
 by a burly, portly man, whose face indicated that he wa|. 
 A man of port, troubled with uo ail, unless it might be brown 
 
 with (Incuinents '-' 
 
 and papers. stout. The brcast pockcts of his coat were 
 overstuffed with documents and papers, and his hat was 
 very broad brimmed. He rode a fine horse, and sat him 
 with as much importance as if he owed nothing for him, or 
 for his own keeping. This man would not allow the 
 travelers to pass without looking at his specimens, which he 
 had in the saddlebags under him. He dismounted and 
 displayed them ; spread out a chart of the district ; and 
 Companies, showed the locations of the leads, and the 
 
 ."hares, veins, . , - t i , . i i 
 
 mills, and so on. specnueus marked accordingly ; stated the 
 capital, and number of shares in the companies he belonged 
 to, and the yield, per pound, of the veins he was interested 
 in, and how much the mill would crush, when finished, and 
 what dividends they might look for on each share, per month. 
 
 Pilgrim resigned himself to hear the story through, seeino- 
 there was no help for it. Mr. Antiquary explained to the 
 man their condition, and said they were obliged to him for 
 his information ; but added, that they could not comply 
 with his wishes in buying stock, claims, and shares, f^r they 
 could pay no money down, nor meet assessments ; and, so 
 far as he knew, the principal business, heretofore, of stock 
 holders in such concerns had been, as in some noted quartz 
 companies, to pay assessments, rather than receive dividends. 
 
 Well, Mr. J. Q. Harpendiug said, here were splendid
 
 252 Tin: CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 opportunities for getting an honest fortune. They could go 
 gpeech of Mr. iuto the euiploy of tlie company and work 
 
 .lu [liter Quartz , . , , in 
 
 iiarpciKiin;;. out the invcstmcnt and then secure the profits. 
 They could not do better, and ought to confer such a large 
 henefit on their friends, if not on themselves. Any man 
 who had two hands, and kept a good heart, could make a 
 fortune in this way. 
 
 Mr. Antiquary replied, that his observation showed him 
 well, that there were men with two hands, the heart he 
 couldn't describe readily, who could make a speedy fortune 
 in quartz stock, and other joint stock companies ; but it was 
 those who got up the concerns, and peddled out the shares, 
 and not the buyers, who seemed to get the money. No 
 doubt many of them regarded it as a marvellously fine 
 business ; he, Mr. H., looked himself as though it had not 
 worried him ; and so he wished him good evening. Thus 
 they parted ; and the travelers moved on. It was a public 
 Specimen of road they pursued ; but such an execrable one 
 
 public roads and i i i i ' 
 
 highways. for a great thoroughfare, they had rarely 
 
 trodden ; and all Bustledom might be safely challenged to 
 furnish such another. As they were afoot, however, their 
 necks were not in special danger ; and they managed to 
 pick their way along, where stage passengers had usually 
 resorted to the same primitive method of locomotion, in 
 order to avoid an upsetting. 
 
 They were obliged to hasten forward by the lateness of 
 the hour, and were making their way between campus auri 
 and rivulus auri, when another obstacle encountered them, 
 in the shape of a piece of speculative humanity, somewhat 
 dwarfed, and having a hump on his back, that seemed an 
 Atmountaia cav- offset for the enormous ears of the scurvy 
 *^^*'" little mule, which was trudgmg along between
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 253 
 
 his legs, very lengthy, considering the rest of him. This 
 man's nose was hooked, and not unlike a parrot's beak, but 
 a good deal redder, and his eyes were silver grey, and 
 small. His drab wool hat had long been serviceable both 
 night and day, and was rapidly going to seed. 
 
 This person announced himself as on the look out for 
 hands to work his claims, or customers to sell out to. His 
 name was Jonathan Jointstock, from some place down cast. 
 He would rather sell out clean, as he was anxious to return 
 to the Atlantic States, on account of the death of some near 
 relations. 
 
 Keep Faith said, somewhat aside, that he had seen those 
 Anxious to re- who wcrc in this fix before, and just as their 
 eni states. ' stocks wcrc sold, and their aflPairs settled, their 
 anxiety seemed to be relieved, and better news would come, 
 just in time to preserve them from any necessity of going. 
 It was, perhaps, one of those proceedings called a ruse, so 
 much in vogue among mechanics and merchants in Embank- 
 ment, and other cities, who often sold oif "at cost." Mr. 
 Jointstock would pay three dollars a day, a hand, and the 
 hands must go where he sent theni, and be sub let, if ho 
 wished it. 
 
 He would sell coyote claims for five hundred dollars each •, 
 the pay to come out of the first proceeds. He would sell 
 Terms of sale lor the new caual stock, ditch not yet finished, for 
 
 storks, shares, . ,. . i i i i. TJ- 
 
 and claims. a prenuuui of two hundred per cent. Mis 
 
 shares in two quartz mills, and unworked leads, he would 
 sell, seeing it was they, and they looked like shrewd, steady, 
 industrious, and respectable men, such as he wished to 
 encourage, for something like their par value, perhaps, at 
 ten per cent, discount, if that would be any object to th3m. 
 3Ir. Jointstock was very glad he had met them, for ho
 
 254 THE CALIFORNIA Pfl.CRIM. 
 
 would like to serve tliein, and he would specially warn theui 
 Disintprrstpd to be on tlieir jxuiird against lieartless spceula- 
 
 nian giving ad- '' , ' . ,. 
 
 vice. tors, monopolists, ana capitalists, and to Jooif 
 
 out for their own interests. There could be no conception 
 of the number of those who had put money and labor into 
 some great concerns, where they had to watch the managers 
 all the while, to keep any title to it ; had to pay assessments, 
 and then were never able to have any command of the 
 capital. They could neither get it out, nor sell it out, an<l 
 so were losing, both their time and their means, in looking 
 after what they once had, but likely, never would have 
 again. He, Mr. Jointstock, knew how the leading parties 
 in these company affairs managed. 
 
 They located a claim ; they surveyed a ditch, or what 
 not ; they sold out the shares here and there, keeping many 
 Manaiienipni of in their owu hand.^, if the lead was a fine one, 
 
 joint .-tock com- . . , . , 
 
 panies. and the thing, in their view, would pay ; if not, 
 
 they slipped out entirely, and in haste. AVhen it promised 
 well for them, they would set to work to get the whole into 
 a few hands. They would call meetings of the company, 
 often at inconvenient time?;, and many shareholders would 
 hear nothing of them. Then they would vote heavy 
 assessments ; all the shareholders would not be able to pay 
 them, and the stock of such would therefore be forfeited. 
 Forfeited shares. Others would iiever hear that installments 
 were due, and their shares would become forfeit, and be 
 bought in by the managers. They would expend the money 
 received, so as to produce nothing, and weary and badger 
 the^most into refusal to pay more installments. So when by 
 this jjrocess they had it all their own way, they would be 
 found in possession of a fine lead, machinery, buildings, 
 funds, and much else, and could go on swimmingly.
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 255 
 
 Pilgrim said his arguments and explanations seemed to 
 bear very much against himself, Mr. Jointstock. But it 
 mattered not, since he and the others were not prospectors, 
 and could not purchase :iuy thing; and the mission they 
 were on did not give them time to stop any where for money's 
 sake ; though they were bound to think all his enterprises 
 were excellent ones ; and they hoped he would not be too 
 Reasoned with, anxious to Sell out, lest that foct should throw 
 some suspicion on his motives ; and it was hardly fair to stop 
 men on the street in order to make customers out of them, 
 especially when it was so near night. 
 
 Mr. Jointstock moved oft", muttering to himself, eloquence 
 all wasted; time lost; while he thrust his huge boots as 
 near the mule as he could get them, by reason of the 
 projection of six inches of spur iron. Now, when they had 
 gotten safely over the holes, mud, slabs, logs, saw dust, and 
 Road at Gold- sucli things, at the run, that furnished no road 
 '^""* where it was thought to be ; they crooked 
 
 about the woods, awhile, and came, of a sudden, to the 
 brink of a ravine, down which the road went, by many a 
 turn, and steep declivity. It was no wider, seemingly, than 
 the track of a wheel barrow. Down at the base of the hill 
 Deer Creek. was the bed of Ccrvus Creek, which had been 
 torn, washed, dammed, dug, riddled, and sifted, times 
 numerous ; and was full of the wrecks of nature, the 
 remnants of human labor, and Ihe exuviae of gold deposits. 
 And down the vale, far down ; where one other creek, whose 
 channel had been dug and washed in like manner, joined 
 the former ; there, in the midst of pines, and underneath 
 their lofty tops, on the unevenest of un&haped hillocks, and 
 in their hollows ; there, where no mortal would ever have 
 looked for a town, except on compulsion of knowledge ; there,
 
 256 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 where the sun no longor slioue, though his beams yet played, 
 lingerinii, on the jiieen boutrhs above, and tinged and 
 The situation of tipped many a cone and pointed top with a 
 
 the city of Neva- n i i • • 
 
 tia golden glory richer than all tlie. shnung 
 
 grains beneath, that nourished not the trees in their beauty 
 and majesty ; down there, where were many crookednesses, 
 while yet the place was too strait for the city, stood the city 
 of Nivalis, as i]uietly as if nature had intended that a city 
 should grow up there. 
 
 Overlooking all the city, and (juitc up into the air, rose 
 the modest tower of the first mountain church, that aspired 
 to be a church, in its shape and surroundings, neat and 
 white, and contrasting vividly with the deep foliage of the 
 pines, that darkened the very air with their shadows. They 
 now betook them to the task of descending into the city 
 Down the hill & Streets, and finding the little bridges that 
 through the city, i^jicatcd whcrc the channels might be. They 
 mounted the steep pitch of a hill, in the broadest street they 
 could see, and came up to a corner pine, and thence were 
 conducted to the house of llev. Mr. Ilenwar, hard by that of 
 Rev. Mr. Mildair. 
 
 At home they met the former, and Anna, his wife, by 
 whom they were made welcome. While they were at the 
 tea table, the clear, rich tones of a large church bell fell on 
 "The sound of their ears, as they went ringing and echoing 
 
 the church going 
 
 hell." over hill and valley, telling the miners, worn 
 
 and weary, sweet stories of the homes and scenes from which 
 they were scattered far. Tiie bell was summoning them, 
 with all the prayerful and devout in the region, to the 
 weekly conference. And there was Pilgrim introduced to 
 i}\Q few that loved to pray, and were delighted to mingle in
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 257 
 
 scenes that brought them so near to the joys of home, and to 
 The prayer ineei- the blissfulness of hcavcii, aucl made them 
 
 ing, and those i • i i i i n ^^ ^ ^ I'll 
 
 present. kmdred With the holy of all lands, and with the 
 
 saints in glory. It was with special delight they met the 
 young men, whos3 good report they had heard before, who 
 were in the habit of walking not less than sis miles thither, 
 and six back, that they might be at the regular meetings, 
 and who accounted it no hardship thus to do, but rather a 
 pleasure and a jo}', for which their hearts longed and their 
 limbs were ready. 
 
 After this, as they sat together, Mr. Ilcnwar told them 
 the story of Nivalis; its early growth, hopes, progress, 
 resources, obstacles, misfortunes, and final triumphs; and 
 "Fought all his liow his cliurch was erected, and what his 
 
 battles o'er . . . , , 
 
 again." labors Were in connection with the enter- 
 
 prise, and whence the funds were drawn. They were a 
 good deal instructed, and not a little entertained ; and they 
 retii'ed to rest with gladness, and with thanksgivings. 
 
 Early the following day, they all visited the points of 
 interest in that region ; the sluices, toms, holes, anil 
 Coyote hill and excavatlons along the coyote lead. The high 
 mountain. top of Sugar Loaf hill they went to, and to Wet 
 
 hill, and to the region back. They also went down to the 
 Bunker Hill mill, the Gold Tunnel works, and a half dozen 
 At the greatfaiis Other Crushing mills. Afterward, they went 
 
 in Deer Creek. ^^.^^ g^ f^^. j^^^^ ^^^ ^^^ ^^jj^^ ^j.^, ^.j^^ ^^^^^ 
 
 and the fiimous works there. 
 
 And into wild and dark ghns, over rocks and ledges, 
 upon high hills, and through all varieties of diggings, they 
 also went ; and thus they saw, whence, grain by grain, and 
 parcel by parcel, are wrought the treasures of the golden 
 land, so faeinating to them that dwell afar, and so full of
 
 25S THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 trouble to them that are near. And they perceived how 
 Gold is gotten by rarely gold was gotten, but at the price of 
 '"'""'• toil and sweat, and how it must ever be 
 
 true, even where the soil sparkles witli gold, and the 
 mountains arc sown with gems, and burn with sapphires, 
 that, ill the sweat of his face man shall eat his bread. 
 
 They liad seen a world of treasure to be gotten only by a 
 world of pains. And yet they returned from their tour, 
 satisfied, that, for ages, mankind would not suffer through 
 lack of precious metals; certainly nnt, while Bustledom 
 remained, and human labor could be applied to the 
 Ccncliisi(>n.s of development of her hidden and lioarded 
 
 tlioiiglitriil riH'ii 111- 11 1 • 
 
 after spi-ing all masses ot treasurc. And, during all their 
 
 tlio evil ami ... . . , , 
 
 cooii they bad pilgninasrc, the conviction had grown m 
 
 met ill the laiiil ':; .^ . , i i i i i i • i 
 
 of goiii. then- minds, that the land thoy iiad journeyed 
 
 in was the land of all lands, vilify it as men might, and 
 as men would. In duo time, they doubted not, it would 
 so appear to all. It only needed better moral influences, and 
 the power of true religion speedily to bring that day ; and 
 to cause the land to be as renowned for the beauty of the 
 Lord upon it, and the excellence of virtue adorning it, as 
 for fruitfulness it already was, and its hidden treasures of 
 yellow gold and flowing silver. 
 
 Another morning brought its rosy light and frc^h airs, 
 and opened sweet blo.ssoins in the forest border, and new 
 flowers of hope in human hearts. For our travelers, how- 
 ever, this was the day of parting. Mr. Antiquary must 
 The companions return to his employment, where the lines 
 
 on this journey , . . , 
 
 must separate, were fallen to hira, in the great valley- 
 Pilgrim must fini.sh his wanderings in the gold land and 
 depart. Keep Faith must proceed on his mission of love
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 259 
 
 and zeal, toward the northern regions of the Occident, 
 where the faith of so many was ahnost ready to fail. 
 
 So they counseled and cheered each other, wept together, 
 and prayed. Pilgrim gave Mr. Antiquary a copy of the 
 What presents oWest of hooks, laws, and recorded wisdom, 
 Pilgrim made, keeping that which his mother gave him in 
 Poomsend, before her escape and his. He presented Keep 
 Faitli also with a duplicate of his chart ; for with the 
 original he would never part, though it were urged that ho 
 was near the end of his present pilgrimage, most likely, and 
 Chart and notes ^'^ ^^'^ could not require it more.. His notes 
 '"■''■^*^'"- of travel he left with Mr. Renwar, to be 
 
 deposited among the archives of the church ; and directing 
 that a copy sliould be sent to licv. Mr. Augustine in 
 Embankment. 
 
 Then they shook hands, and embraced. They parted, 
 but not forever. iVnd each took his way, with a kind of 
 sorrowful joy, believing in the day when they should rest 
 too-ether on the o'litteriuir heio-hts of Zion above. 
 
 Alone, with his staff, Pilgrim took his way, as I saw, 
 toward the village at the forks of the grape stream. He 
 took little note of all that was around hhn, as he passed 
 along, though the path was a blind and difficult one. He 
 How lie was oc- was occupicd witli his own thoughts, with 
 
 ciipied as he tra- . . ^ ^^ tt 
 
 veied alone. memories of his life, trials, and labor. He 
 had seen much of this world ; its cares, toils, and troubles. 
 He had seen it in all its moods, and had looked on all 
 the splendors and rewards with which it is wont to 
 crown its votaries. He had seen its wealth and its poverty, 
 its great men and its unknown people, and all had alike 
 faded and perished. One event had happened to all. His 
 own observation had taught him that poverty and its ills
 
 260 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 were not the worst of evils ; that happiness was quite as 
 Happiness as comuion among the poor as among the rich; 
 ?kh iriionl an^l that the noblest of men were often found 
 the poor. ^^^ ^^.^^^ ^^^ carcs and strifes of puLlic life. 
 
 He had no regrets for the past. He was not sorry that he 
 had turned, in his youth, to seek the favor of God, and the 
 blessings of religion ; letting the world, and its noisy babble, 
 and vain pleasures, all go. 
 
 He rejoiced that he had been a pilgrim in the earth, and 
 had been able to lay up treasures on high. He had been a 
 He rejoices in ''^^^ ^^ *oi^^ ^"^ cndcavors ; had pursued the 
 !^8,''te!i''"him"to even tenor of his way in the sphere fitted for 
 '" him, wherever his lot Avas east; had shrunk 
 
 from no plain and manifest duty ; and had tried to serve 
 <!oil with his few possessions, and with all his powers of 
 body and mind. He was going into the mount. He 
 remembered the story of Moses in the top of Xebo. He might 
 himself be near the end of his days. He might soon 
 One may leave leavc all that was his, oxccpt his character ; 
 
 iiiudi to the 
 
 world, thoush his moral life, and its consequences ; for he 
 
 he hronsrlit noth- ... ... 
 
 iiigintoit. could take nothing rrom a world into which 
 
 he brought nothing. If he continued in the world, he 
 shoulJ live on as before. If he left it, he could depart 
 in peace. 
 
 Now I saw, that on the third day, Pilgrim came up to 
 the top of a lofty peak on the snowy range, whence lay in 
 view the fertile slope on the loft, across which he had come, 
 and the wide deserts on the right. The sun beams had 
 fallen there as he came forth from his chamber in the east ; 
 and the mountain was all aglow. Winged forms were 
 A vi«ion iiseen. hcvcring about, brighter than the rays of 
 the morning. The very air was quivering with the mu.sic
 
 THE CALIFORNIA PILGRIM. 
 
 261 
 
 of their pinions. As I strained my gaze to behold the 
 vision, it lifted slowly away from the mountain top, with 
 bursts of music ravishing and jubilant. It ascended into 
 the blue empyrean, with gathering convoys of angels. 
 At length it receded into the heights, and faded from my 
 sight, and the sound of music, also, died away in mine ear ! ! 
 I was aroused. The morning sun was shining fuU on my 
 face as I reclined in the rocky nook, where I had laid me 
 down to rest, ou the night of my stay in that lone height of 
 the coast rancre. So I awoke ; and behold, it was a dream ! 
 
 THE END.
 
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