RECOMMENDATIONS. 
 
 Mr. Town— Dear Sir, 
 
 From a pretty minute examination of your "Analysis," I feel prepared to speak 
 of it in terms of very high commendation. The plan of it, I consider as pecu- 
 liarly original and happy, and the execution such as to promise practically the 
 most auspicious results in our schools and academies. The amount of in- 
 formation it gives in the subject of prefixes and suffixes, and the mode both of 
 resolving words into their original elements, and of recompounding them into the 
 various derivative forms which continually occur in the language, is far greater 
 than in any work of my acquaintance. It goes very far towards putting the mere 
 English scholar in possession of some of the chief advantages to be derived from 
 a knowledge of the Latin and Greek tongues, without subjecting him to the 
 necessity of the laborious task of acquiring them. With respect to thousands of 
 the youth of our country, not destined to the learned professions, this cannot but 
 be regarded as supplying a very important desideratum. 
 
 Viewed in another light, your work will be likely to be attended with equally 
 happy effects. It tends to form habits of accurate analysis, and consequently of 
 discriminating thought. In early life this habit cannot be exercised upon any 
 tiling to more advantage, than language ; and when once formed, in regard to the 
 English language, it will naturally be carried into the study of any other lan- 
 guage, and finally into every department of knowledge. I cannot, therefore, but 
 anticipate a most favorable reception of your little volume, wherever a sound in- 
 tellectual training enters into the elementary idea of education. 
 
 That some of the minor details of the plan may hereafter admit of improve- 
 ment, is altogether probable, as the ground you occupy has been hitherto almost 
 entirely untrodden; and a competent judge (N. Webster) has pronounced the 
 study of etymology to be yet in its infancy. But for its avowed objects, and for 
 the present wants of the age, your work, I am persuaded, will answer all the pur- 
 poses of an invaluable manual. 
 
 GEO. BUSH, 
 Professor of Hebrew and Oriental Literature, 
 New York, Sept. 14, 1836. New York City University. 
 
 In the views of my colleague, Professor Bush, I fully concur upon the ex- 
 amination I have been able to give the work. 
 
 ROBERT B. PATTON, 
 Professor of Greek Language and Literature, 
 New York, Sept. 17, 1836. New York City University. 
 
 From Rev. N. S. S. Beman, D.D. 
 
 I have examined somewhat minutely an " Analysis nf Derivative Words, by 
 Salem Town, A.M.," and the opinion which I now give, I hop», will not be con- 
 sidered by the public as a matter of mere usage or etiquette in the literary 
 world. It is a work of intrinsic merit and great originality, and evinces much 
 research on the part of its author. Its introduction and extensive use in our 
 schools and academies would form an era in English philology. For the benefit 
 of the rising generation and the honor of my country, as well as from personal 
 friendship to its author, I hope the work may meet with merited success. 
 
 I am, respectfully, <fec. 
 Trot, August 23, 1836. NATHAN S. S. BEMAN. 
 
 I fully concur in the opinion expressed by Doctor Beman. 
 
 .1. II MARTYN, 
 Pastor of Chatham Chapel Ch.
 
 11 
 
 I have examined to some extent a work, entitled " An Analysis of the De- 
 rivative Words in the English Language, by Salem Town," and am free to say, 
 Ihat, in my opinion, he has done more to simplify and reduce to system the 
 English language than the most successful of his cotemporaries. Mr. Town has 
 long been favorably known to the public as an able and successful instructor in 
 classical and English literature, distinguished alike for the extent of his re- 
 searches, and the accuracy of his deductions; and I am persuaded, that in the 
 work now offered to the public, both the foreign and English student will find 
 facilities for the acquisition of an accurate, thorough, and systematic acquaint- 
 ance with language, which cannot be found in any other work of the kind. 
 
 E. PHELPS, 
 Philadelphia, June 21, 1836. One of the Secretaries of the A. E. S. 
 
 To the above the following gentlemen added their entire concurrence : — 
 
 Rev. SAML. B. WYLIE, D.D., Vice-Provost of the University of 
 
 Philadelphia. 
 Rev. GEO. DUFFIELD, Philadelphia. 
 Rev. SAMUEL W. CRAWFORD, Principal of the Academl. Dept. 
 
 of the University of Pennsylvania. 
 THOS. M'ADAM, Assistant. 
 
 Rev. J. ATWATER, farmer President of Dickinson College, Pa. 
 Rev. THOS. H. SKINNER, D.D., New York. 
 
 Mr. Town— Dear Sir, 
 
 On examination of your "Analysis," I am delighted with the philosophical 
 simplicity of your plan, and impressed with the conviction of the great utility of 
 the work, and deem it of peculiar excellence, as a school book, in two particu- 
 lars. It provides the best apparatus extant, for early mental discipline, and for 
 affording, in an interesting and intelligible manner, an early, copious, and 
 practical knowledge of our language. Every philologist is struck with the num- 
 ber and richness of the sources, whence our language has its existence and its 
 consequent copiousness. Had you, therefore, given us only the definitive mean- 
 ing of our sevpral affixes and suffixes, which are too often deemed as mere ac- 
 cidental appendages, you would have deserved much of the friends of edu- 
 cation. But in addition to this, you have given the student the ability to perceive 
 at once the strict and literal meaning of words, and all their varied shades of 
 signification. If words are the vestments of thought, you have provided the 
 tyro, with a richer and more appropriate variety than can any where else be 
 found. While your work is exactly adapted to our elementary and higher 
 schools, you would confer immense benefit on our literature, by preparing a 
 larger work, &c I shall, as soon as practicable, introduce your work into my 
 school, and commend its use wherever I can. 
 Very respectfullv, <&c. 
 
 Rev. CHARLES HENRY ALDEN, A.M., 
 Philadelphia, June 25, 1836. Principal of Phila: H. School for Young Ladies. 
 
 With the above sentiments, the following gentlemen have expressed their 
 concurrence : — 
 
 ABSALOM PETERS, D.D., Cor. Sec, AH., M.S., New York. 
 WILLIAM BELD1N, Teacher of Pub. School, No. 2, ditto. 
 ALEX. PROUDFIT, D.D., Cor. Sec, A.C.S., " ditto. 
 
 Extract of a Letter from D. M. Reese, M.D. 
 Dear Sir, 
 
 From the brief examination of your "Analysis," I should judge it to be ad- 
 mirably adapted for acquiring a knowledge of the philosophy of language ; and, 
 moreover, it supplies a desideratum, the absence of which has been long felt, 
 both by teachers and scholars. 
 
 It strikes me, the principle on which your book is constructed, is precisely 
 that, fur the want of which, so many dunces come forth from our schools. For 
 even after children have been taught to spell and pronounce correctly, they too 
 often exhibit deplorable ignorance, in relation to the meaning of words, which 
 arises from no lack of industry in the teachers, but from a radical defect in the 
 system, which your book is calculated to remove, and for which, I regard it 
 admirably adapted. 
 
 Yours, &c 
 New York, Sept. 12, 1836. D. M. REESE.
 
 Ill 
 
 Extract of a letter from Seneca Wood, Esq., Aurora, to Mr. David B. Crane, 
 teacher in Detroit, where, after giving his views of the work, and what he had 
 himself witnessed, closes by saying : — 
 
 I believe a child of twelve years of age may in a short period of time obtain 
 a far better and more accurate knowledge of our language than is obtained by 
 many of the graduates of our colleges during their course. 
 
 Yours, &c. 
 Aurora, May 3, 1836. SENECA WOOD. 
 
 Extract of a letter from Mr. C. M. Fay, teacher of Select School, Buffalo. After 
 giving his views generally, says in conclusion : — 
 
 The principle upon which it is based, of forming words from their primitives 
 by affixes and prefixes, and making out their derivations from their primitives, 
 modified and changed according to the meaning of the affixes and prefixes, opens 
 so easy and interesting a method of becoming acquainted with the formation and 
 meaning of words, that I have no doubt it will be universally adopted as soon as 
 it is understood. 
 
 C. M. FAY, 
 March 26, 1836. Teacher of Select School. 
 
 Mr. Town— Sm, 
 
 From a cursory view of the above-mentioned work of yours, I am decidedly 
 in favor of your plan, and shall introduce the work into tny school as soon as it 
 comes into market. 
 
 S. KINGSLEY, 
 Buffalo, March 26, 1836. Principal of Buffalo Academy. 
 
 With the above, Mr. C. Fitch, Principal of the Buffalo Female Institute, Mr. 
 J. Whitney, former Teacher, J. Crocker, Esq., and H. Shumway, Esq., fully 
 concur. 
 
 I have examined the work, entitled an "Analysis," by Salem Town, A.M., and 
 am fully satisfied it will be found of very great utility in acquiring a ready and 
 correct knowledge of the English language. I shall introduce it without delay 
 into the course of studies of the youth under my care. 
 
 N. DODGE, 
 Philaoelp., June 24, 1836. Principal of Harmony Hall Sem. for Young Ladies. 
 
 I have critically examined Mr. Town's "Analysis," and concur in the fore- 
 going recommendations. One important advantage, however, of this excellent 
 work seems to have been overlooked, and that is the great advantage to young 
 ladies, in giving them many of the benefits, without the expense of time and 
 labor required for a classical education. In the education of females this work 
 will be regarded as above price. 
 
 I. N. SPRAGUE, 
 Late Pastor of 4th Free Pres. Ch., New York. 
 
 We fully concnr in the above. N. E. JOHNSON, 
 
 Pastor of 3d Free Pres. Ch.. New York. 
 Rev. C. N. MATTOON. 
 
 From C. C. Yates, M.D. 
 
 1 have examined Mr. Town's "Analysis" so far as to be satisfied of its import- 
 ance as a school book. The peculiar excellence of the system consists in the 
 happy arrangement and combination of the elementary parts of our language, 
 and a prartical application of those principles which are fundamental and com- 
 mon to all other languages, in reducing the most complex derivative words to the 
 entire comprehension of children. 
 
 In my view the work presents two considerations of primary importance, the 
 saving of a vast amount of time, labor, and expense, and a speedy acquisition of 
 a thorough knowledge of words. 
 
 New York, July 1, 1636. O. C. YATES.
 
 IV 
 
 Having examined Mr. Town's "Analysis," I do most fully concur with Dr. 
 Yates in the opinion of its merits. 
 
 JOHN B. SHAW. 
 Utica, July 6, 1836. 
 
 1 have cursorily examined Mr. Town's "Analysis," and believe it to be a work 
 eminently adapted to aid the student in acquiring a thorough knowledge of the 
 language. 
 
 If the execution in detail be at all equal to the excellence of the plan, and I be- 
 lieve it is so, the author is deserving the patronage and best thanks of the com- 
 munity. 
 
 THOS. EUSTICE, 
 Principal of Acad, and High School, Philadelphia. 
 
 Sir, 
 
 From the short examination I have been able to give your "Analysis," I un- 
 hesitatingly express my opinion, that the work is new, and merits the particular 
 attention of every person engaged in the work of instructing the youth of our 
 country. Among the most important and arduous duties, which teachers have to 
 perform, is, that of successfully teaching the pupil a thorough knowledge and 
 command of language ; and it is evident to all, who have had much experience in 
 teaching, that before so great a desideratum can be obtained by the student, a 
 very general knowledge of the true import and meaning of words must be ac- 
 quired. And I take pleasure in expressing my belief, that your "Analysis" is 
 admirably calculated to facilitate those who properly attend to its principles, in 
 the acquisition of that very important branch of English education; and at the 
 same time greatly diminishing the labor of the instructor. 
 
 Having, therefore, received a very favorable impression of the work, from 
 the examination I have given it, 1 do most cheerfully recommend it to the 
 attention of teachers ; and hope you may receive the patronage of an enlightened 
 public, always due to merit. Respectfully yours, 
 
 JNO. W. KITCHAM, 
 New York, July 2, 1836. Prin. of New York Public School, No. 7. 
 
 From the New York Evangelist. 
 
 Something that should be in the hands of every Child that can read.- Salem 
 Town's "Analysis" of the derivative words in the English language, is a book 
 worthy the attention of every parent. It should be in every common school, in 
 every academy, and every college in the land. It is an easy, comprehensive 
 view of all the compounded words in use, in the English language. 
 
 Albany Gazette. 
 
 An "Analysis of the Derivative Words in the English Language," by Salem 
 Town. 
 
 This is evidently the work of a deep thinker, who proposes to furnish those 
 not having had a classical education with the means of acquiring a knowledge 
 of derivative words and their component parts. It is a very curious book and 
 one which will repay an attentive perusal. No one who has any curiosity about 
 the principles of our language should be without a copy. The plan is simple, 
 and the results of its adoption are highly satisfactory. 
 
 The following literary Gentlemen have given their entire approval and com- 
 mendation at length, which cannot be added : — C. Morgan. Esq., E. W. Arms, 
 Esq.. J. H Paon. F.qn r J H. Clark, Esq., J. Williams, Esq., J. Morgan, and H.
 
 AN' 
 
 ANALYSIS 
 
 DERIVATIVE WORDS 
 
 ENGLISH LANGUAGE; 
 
 OR, 
 
 A KiEY TO THEIR PRECISE ANALYTIC DEFINITIONS, 
 
 BY PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES: 
 
 Designed to furnish an Easy and Expeditious Method of Acquiring a Knowledge of 
 Derivative Words, from a Knowledge of their Component Parts. 
 
 BY SALEM TOWN, A.M. 
 
 Eijitfr IS&tttOrt; 
 
 CAREFULLY REVISED, ENLARGED, AND ADAPTED TO SCHOOLS 
 OF ALL GRADES. 
 
 NEW-YORK: 
 
 PUBLISHED BY HARPER & BROTHERS, 
 
 No. 82 CLIFF-STREET. 
 
 183( 
 
 I
 
 Entered according to act of Congress, in the year 1835, by 
 
 SALEM TOWN, 
 
 in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the Northern District of New York. 
 
 STEREOTYPED BY REDFIELD & LINDSAY, 
 
 No. 13 Chambers-street New-York.
 
 PREFACE TO THE SECOND EDITION. 
 
 The first edition of this work, was the first effort of the 
 Author, and it is believed to be the first attempt to present 
 the component parts of English derivative words, in their 
 distinctive character, and exhibit their combination in any 
 thing like system. The practicability of the work had 
 been under consideration, and the materials principally col- 
 lected, many years before the plan was fully carried out. 
 The first edition was at length presented, and notwithstand- 
 ing its imperfections, has fairly settled the question, as to 
 the importance of the plan proposed, and the course to be 
 pursued in acquiring a knowledge of derivative words. 
 The experiment has been made, and repeated under such 
 circumstances, that the Author, from his own observation 
 of facts, will now guaranty, to communicate more know- 
 ledge of derivative words in the English Language, to any 
 class of English Scholars over twelve years of age, in 
 twelve weeks, than ever was, or ever can be communicated, 
 in the ordinary way, to those of a similar age, in twelve 
 months. 
 
 The experience of thirty years, devoted exclusively to 
 instruction, has presented every grade of intellect, with ev- 
 3
 
 ery diversity of capacity for improvement, both in classical 
 and English literature ; and in no instance, so far as recol- 
 lection serves, has any former course of instruction on this 
 point, afforded such facilities as the one now offered, for 
 acquiring a knowledge, and ready use of derivative words. 
 It is a fact well known to classical scholars, that the prim- 
 itive words in our language, are comparatively few, and of 
 the simplest order, such as almost every child of ten years 
 old knows. It is when these simple words grow up into 
 their derivative, compound and complex forms, that the 
 child loses sight of their import, and simply, because he is 
 ignorant of their component parts. How few children could 
 tell what agglutinative means ; and who of them does not 
 know what is meant by glue ? The classical scholar per- 
 ceives this peculiarity of construction the moment he opens 
 the book, and adds, " such principles are not matters of 
 opinion, they are matters of fact ;" the component parts of 
 all derivative words being known how can the scholar fail 
 to know a whole, just as soon as he understands all the 
 component parts. 
 
 The principles then on which this work is executed, are 
 interwoven with, and fundamental to, a critical knowledge 
 of every language. Hence one undivided opinion has been 
 expressed by the classical scholar, that " Analysis, was 
 the only method, by which it was possible to arrive at, and 
 feel the full force of a compound, or derivative word." One 
 grand object in the study of the classics, is to acquire an 
 extensive knowledge, and command, of language. It is 
 believed that the principles developed in this little book, 
 are the very principles by which every scientific man is 
 guided, and on which rests all his critical knowledge in 
 any language. 
 
 The embodying them is, therefore, only collecting such 
 component parts of words, as have for ages governed lan- 
 guage, showing how they have ever been applied, and then
 
 taking advantage of this knowledge to confer some of the 
 important benefits, which the classical student now receives 
 almost exclusively, on our common English scholars. It 
 is the undivided opinion of the most competent judges, 
 that an English scholar, thoroughly versed in this system, 
 will, so far as language is concerned, secure to himself 
 many important advantages, which the classical scholar 
 alone, has heretofore enjoyed. The plan and execution of 
 the work are original. It is not designed to come in 
 competition with any other book now in use. It is not 
 designed to supersede, nor take the place of any school- 
 book whatever, but to follow any, or all such, as the case 
 may be. 
 
 The second edition has undergone a thorough revision. 
 The whole plan has been much simplified, and adapted to 
 the capacities of children in our common schools. Much 
 has been added, and it is now submitted to an enlightened 
 public, with little desire on the part of the Author, than its 
 general utility to the rising generation, and in part, to re- 
 lieve teachers of that thankless burden of responsibility, 
 and painful anxiety in devising and trying a thousand expe- 
 dients to give their pupils a respectable knowledge of 
 words, and a proper command of language. None but a 
 teacher can know the sleepless solicitude of that profes- 
 sion. The Author has spent his life, with all his feelings 
 merged in the prospects of the rising generation, and the 
 diffusion of that general knowledge, which has placed 
 this whole nation on so proud an eminence. Know- 
 ledge and virtue are, emphatically, the stepping stone 
 to individual distinction, the main pillars which must 
 ever sustain our free institutions, and the broad foun- 
 dation, on which the temples of our nation's glory can 
 securely stand. 
 
 It is, therefore, most ardently desired, that teachers 
 especially, and all well-wishers to any improvements in
 
 the facilities of communicating a knowledge of the struc- 
 ture of words, so as to furnish a general clue to their com- 
 mon import, and thereby, at once unlock the whole amount 
 of derivative words in the Language, will kindly impart 
 their views, in aid of a cause, common to science, and 
 common to our country. 
 
 THE AUTHOR.
 
 TO THE PUBLIC. 
 
 The simple fact, that words are the common medium 
 through which all knowledge is, in some way recorded, 
 transmitted, received and communicated, should induce 
 every person to make vigorous efforts, fully to understand 
 their import. If words are read or spoken, and the reader 
 or hearer, is ignorant of their appropriate meaning, he 
 might as well, not have read or heard. It has been a com- 
 mon exercise in our schools, for scholars to spell, year after 
 year, till the whole contents of the spelling part, were com- 
 pletely memorized, and at the same time, very few of the 
 words distinctly understood. Hence in reading a sentence, 
 if asked the definition of the words singly, or the collective 
 idea contained in the sentence, either no answer would be 
 given, or one altogether confused and unintelligible. This 
 shows a radical defect somewhere. Either the writer has 
 failed by the improper use of words, to record an idea, or 
 the reader, through his ignorance of those words, cannot 
 tell what that idea is. This may be no reflection on the 
 student's intellect, yet it is a most serious reflection on that 
 course of instruction, which has consumed so many years, 
 in little else, than repeating sounds, without any regard to 
 their distinctive import. And why, it may be asked, may 
 not a scholar just as soon as he can combine words in read- 
 ing, with any degree of fluency, commence and continue 
 learning to associate their appropriate ideas ? what use can 
 these words be, till their meaning is known. And cannot 
 7
 
 ideas be learned with greater facility, than naked words, 
 from the instinctive interest the mind feels in its perceptions 
 of ideas, as well as from the powerful influence of the 
 principles of association on its operations ? It is the very 
 nature of mind to think, and derive pleasure from every new 
 thought. This deficiency, therefore, as to the true import 
 of words, according to established usage, is a radical defect 
 in the education of our country. It is felt, more or less, in 
 every department of society. It is complained of, even by 
 the finished classical scholar, direct from the halls of our 
 colleges, as a serious defect in the fundamental part of his 
 English education. A defect upon which he always looks 
 back, to the early period of his life, when he could run 
 through all the spelling columns in his book, with as much 
 facility, as a parrot can say ' Pritty Pol,' and at the same 
 time, with little more knowledge of their import, or use, 
 simply because he was not otherwise taught — had no exer- 
 cise, which led him, directly or indirectly, to that point. 
 When, therefore, he comes into public life, and must be 
 responsible for the precise ideas his words convey, he is 
 often compelled to make frequent appeals to his dictionary, 
 in relation to some of the most common words in the lan- 
 guage. Who does not know this from his own experience, 
 when just stepping into public life ? There is not, most 
 probably, a teacher in the higher departments of science 
 in the United States, who has not witnessed this defect, 
 in a greater or less degree, in the elementary English edu- 
 cation of many of his pupils. A specific remedy should 
 be diligently sought, and if found, speedily applied. If the 
 author has not greatly misjudged, this book does present 
 something like a remedy. If he has misjudged, he has 
 plenty of good company. For in the course of twelve years, 
 the author has been examining this very point, at intervals, 
 and has passed through many of the states, seen and con- 
 versed with many scientific men, and in May, 1835, at the
 
 General Assembly at Pittsburgh, availed himself of the opin- 
 ions of many others, some of whom, at least, were men of 
 undoubted qualifications. All, he believes, aside from any 
 personal considerations, have agreed in the same opinion. 
 Indeed it is the only opinion, which could be predicated on 
 the fact, that primitive words, given with their definitions, 
 shall be learned by the scholar — that after spelling and de- 
 fining such primitive, then with its prefixes and suffixes, he 
 shall carry it through all its derivative forms in some cases 
 amounting to more than a hundred words, with their appro- 
 priate meaning. The result of such a course, could not fail 
 to secure its object, and lay the foundation deep and broad, 
 in the analysis of words, with their true import, equal to the 
 entire length and breadth of our language. 
 
 Competent judges have entertained the opinion,* that a 
 scholar may, by proper application, acquire more knowledge 
 of the English language in a few months, on the principles 
 of Analysis and Synthesis, laid down in this book, both in 
 accuracy of spelling, structure of words, and their true im- 
 port, than ever is acquired in the ordinary course of study, 
 during many years. It is very obvious, say they, that 
 scholars will learn to examine the structure of words, and 
 trace out various formations from the same root, something 
 in the manner, as the classical student is exercised in 
 Greek and Latin. In this way, he readily discovers how 
 the primitive word varies its signification, as it is run through 
 all its derivative forms. From a knowledge of all the com- 
 ponent parts, he can easily trace each shade of difference, 
 from the plain, literal signification, to the most beautiful fig- 
 urative applications. Hence if he has thoughts to record, 
 he is qualified to choose the most appropriate words, and 
 nothing, but inexcusable carelessness, can cause ambiguity 
 of expression. 
 
 * This opinion has since been demonstrated by actual experiment.
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 PAGB. 
 
 Directions for Studying this Book, 11 
 
 Explanation of Primitive and Derivative Words, 13 
 
 What are neither Prefixes nor Suffixes, 13 
 
 Origin of the Prefixes and Suffixes, 14 
 
 Explanation of the Prefixes, 13 
 
 Explanation of the Suffixes, 26 
 
 Synopsis of the Prefixes, 33 
 
 Synopsis of the Suffixes, 38 
 
 Classification of Suffixes 41 
 
 General Rules for forming Derivative Words, 43 
 
 Brief Examination as to the regular formation of Derivative Words, 45 
 
 Special Rules for understanding the arrangement and combination of Pre- 
 fixes in forming Derivative Words, 48 
 
 Manner of defining words by their Prefixes and Suffixes, 51 
 
 An entire Example in the word Press, 52 
 
 First Exercise for Children in Common Schools, 55 
 
 Second Exercise, by subjoining Suffixes in Classes, 61 
 
 Third Exercise in forming Derivative Words from their Primitives, 68 
 
 Fourth Exercise with Prefixes and Suffixes, to be carried out and defined, ... 70 
 
 Fifth Exercise, carried out like the fourth 83 
 
 Sixth Exercise, carried out in the same manner, 92 
 
 Seventh, an Exercise for the Student to form as many Derivatives as he can, 
 
 and define them occasionally or generally 106 
 
 Eighth, same as the Seventh, Ill 
 
 Ninth, do 124 
 
 Tenth, do 130 
 
 Eleventh, do 133 
 
 Twelfth, do 144 
 
 Thirteenth, do 1ST 
 
 A few Words more particularly examined, analytically and synthetically,. . . . 161 
 Importance of understanding the Latin and Greek Languages, ,, 163
 
 DIRECTIONS FOR STUDYING THIS BOOK. 
 
 1. The scholar must understand the difference between a 
 primitive, and derivative word. Sec. 1. 
 
 2. He must observe when the same combinations of let- 
 ters, are neither prefixes nor suffixes. Sec. 2. 
 
 3 The prefixes must be learned so perfectly, as to pre- 
 vent the least hesitancy in defining them, either alone, or in 
 connexion with such words as the teacher is pleased to 
 propose. Sec. 4. 
 
 This is a primary and fundamental requisition. 
 
 In rendering the prefixes familiar, experience has proved 
 the most successful method to be, for the teacher to name 
 primitive words promiscuously, in any part of the book, tell 
 their meaning, then join the prefix, and require the student 
 to define the word. A few exercises in this manner will 
 secure a correct and prompt answer. This exercise should 
 in no case be omitted. 
 
 4. The suffixes with their signification as appended to 
 words, must be learned with the same care as the prefixes. 
 Sec. 5. 
 
 5. Let the scholars be frequently exercised in the sy- 
 nopsis of prefixes, and suffixes. Sec. 6 & 7. 
 
 6. Let the manner of defining words be well understood, 
 in sec. 12, connected with the example in the word Press, 
 sec. 13, the teacher pronouncing each word, and requiring 
 the scholar to define it according to its formation. 
 
 7. Examine the rules for forming derivative words, and 
 the use of commas, with their examples, sec. 9, and con- 
 tinue this exercise through sec. 15, of forming, and defining 
 •words with their suffixes classed. This exercise must be 
 continued until the mode of defining is perfectly familiar. 
 
 8. Next, let the manner of combining the prefixes in 
 sec. 11, be well understood. 
 
 11
 
 12 
 
 9. Examine sec. 10, and in connexion with it, form the 
 derivative words by reading them in sec. 16, till that exer- 
 cise becomes familiar. 
 
 When the above is well understood, students in the high- 
 er classes, may be put to the exercise of spelling primitive 
 words, forming and defining their derivatives, at the discre- 
 tion of the teacher. As they read also, let them analyze 
 the words. 
 
 In common schools, after committing the prefixes thor- 
 oughly, the scholars may commence sec. 14, and go on, 
 regularly, referring to such rules and explanations in their 
 advancement, as the teacher finds needful. 
 
 In common schools the course to be pursued is simply 
 the following. Let the scholars learn the prefixes and suf- 
 fixes, the manner of combining them, the import of the 
 word after such combinations. Then commence sec. 14, 
 and go through the book in regular spelling lessons, as in 
 any spelling-book, but with this addition, that the meaning 
 of each word must be learned, and given when spelled, af- 
 ter which, let the scholars be required to form and define 
 as many derivatives as they can. 
 
 One winter's school of four months, will carry any indus- 
 trious scholar, of 10 or 12 years old, completely through 
 this book, at 20 primitive words per day. From the 1600 
 words which are given, more than 30,000 derivatives are 
 formed. Experiment in the opinion of competent judges, 
 has satisfactorily settled one important point, that children, 
 under this discipline, can actually acquire more knowledge 
 of the English language in one winter's school of four 
 months, than was ever acquired in the ordinary way, by 
 scholars of the same age, in four times that number of 
 months, if not in their whole life. Let teachers, therefore, 
 make thorough work in the application of the principles of 
 this book, and they will shortly see their pupils becoming 
 thoroughly versed in the knowledge of language. Teach- 
 ers should frequently exercise small children in the synop- 
 sis of the prefixes and suffixes, together with sections 14 
 and 15.
 
 SECTION I. 
 Explanation of Primitive and Derivative Words. 
 
 Primitive words are such as can be reduced to no few- 
 er letters, than what are then expressed. Man, Fame, 
 House, Sense, are Primitive words, because they can be 
 reduced to no fewer letters, and convey a distinct idea of 
 each thing specified. 
 
 But Manly, Defamation, Insensibility and Houseless, are 
 derivative words, because they can be stripped of all their 
 letters above Man, Fame, Sense and House, and still leave 
 a significant word. 
 
 A compound word is composed of two or more distinct 
 words, as Sugar-maple, Over-load, Common-place-book. 
 
 In this work, all such words of Latin origin as Abdicate, 
 Convene, Adhere, &c. so far as our language is concerned, 
 will be taken as primitives. Yet the English scholar will 
 perceive they are not such, in the language whence they 
 are derived. Some other words also will be inserted which 
 are not primitives. 
 
 Those parts, which are added to a primitive word, we 
 shall call prefixes and suffixes, and as the primitive has at 
 least one appropriate meaning, all the varieties of signifi- 
 cation which arise from additions in any way made to such 
 primitive, must depend exclusively on those parts added. 
 Hence, when all the prefixes and suffixes in the language 
 are known, nothing remains, but to acquire the meaning of 
 the primitives, to understand the whole language, so far as 
 those component parts are concerned in modifying the im- 
 port of words. 
 
 SECTION II. 
 
 Caution. 
 
 Lv applying the following rules, in this book, it must be 
 remembered, their application is confined exclusively to 
 13 2
 
 14 
 
 derivative words. When any of those combinations of 
 letters, called prefixes and suffixes, constitute an essential 
 part of a primitive word, they are in such cases neither 
 prefixes nor suffixes, and do not come under the rules of 
 Analysis nor Definition. Such as ' ess,' in Bless, ' ate,' in 
 Climate, ' ish,' in Lavish, ' ment,' in Torment, &c « em,' in 
 Embers, ' bi,' in Bias, ' un,' in Under, together with all 
 such primitive words, as contain a similar combination of 
 letters, as any of the prefixes and suffixes. To such the 
 rules do not apply. 
 
 SECTION III. 
 Origin of some of the Prefixes and Suffixes. 
 
 The greater part of the prefixes in the English language, 
 come to us from the Latin and Greek. In those Languages, 
 they are separable, or inseparable prepositions. Very little 
 difference exists in their independent signification, or con- 
 junct influence, as used in our language, or in those lan- 
 guages, whence they are derived. Their extent of appli- 
 cation gives them a commanding influence. Hence the 
 importance of a distinct understanding of all those small 
 words, so extensively interwoven, in the formation of our 
 derivative words. 
 
 The suffixes are of a more doubtful origin ; yet their 
 common import, as appended to words, can be obtained 
 with sufficient precision, to answer the more important pur- 
 poses of this work. Nor is it very material in this case, 
 whether we can or cannot decide unequivocally on their 
 origin, provided we can be satisfied how their application 
 does change, alter or modify the import of words, according 
 to established usage. Although such inquiry is not neces- 
 sarily connected with this work, yet we will give some 
 general view, both as to fact, and probability of their deri- 
 vations. 
 
 er. When it signifies a person, as m Lover, Farmer, &c. 
 is considered to be a contraction of the Saxon wcr, which 
 signifies, a Man. Hence, hover implies a Man, or person 
 who loves.
 
 15 
 
 OR. Is derived from the Latin Er and or, go far in dis- 
 tinguishing Saxon and Latin derivations. 
 
 ess. Is probably of Hebrew origin, yet many derivatives 
 in or, from Latin, take ess, to distinguish the gender, as 
 Actor, Actress, generally dropping the vowel which pre- 
 cedes r. 
 
 y. When the final letter, is thought to be the equivalent 
 of the German ei, and gives at least three different senses 
 to words. 
 
 1. It expresses a condition, as Slave Slaver Slavery. 
 
 2. A place where something is done or kept, as Factor 
 Factory, Armor Armory. 
 
 3. The possession of somet, g, as weal wealth wealthy. 
 ly. Is a contraction of like, derived from the German 
 
 • lick.' We say either dea.ih.-Uke, or death/y, God-like, or 
 God/y, but always goodly, and always war-like. 
 
 ty. Is derived from Lat. as Pietas, whence Piety, Levi- 
 tas, Levity, Serenitas, Serenity, Civilitas. 
 
 fy, fit, ficJ Have a common origin, which is the con- 
 traction of Facio, or Fio, to make, or become. Fructify is 
 a contraction of Fructus and Facio, to make fruitful — Deify, 
 &c. Deus and Facio. 
 
 able and ible. Home Tooke thinks are taken from the 
 Gothic word ' abal? implying power, strength, or ability. 
 
 Able and ible, are also common in Latin. 
 
 tive. Is borrowed from the Lat. Tivus — as Nativus, Na- 
 tive. Nominativus, Nominative, Genitivus. 
 
 ic. Is a contraction, as it is thought, from the Greek ikos, 
 as Kritikos, Critic. Some however are from Lat. and 
 French. 
 
 tion, sion. Are derived from Lat. and in many instances 
 differ in signification very little from l ing, : as in Education, 
 or Educating. When the Latin Supine, whence they are 
 borrowed, ends in turn, we spell tion, but when the Supine 
 is sum, we spell sion. 
 
 Lat. Motum, Conventum, Formatum, Collectum. 
 
 En. Motion, Convention, Formation, Collection. 
 
 Lat. Aversum, Submersum, Incursum, Adhesum. 
 
 En. Aversion, Submersion, Incursion, Adhesion. 
 
 Others are formed from Lat. nouns, by the addition of n, 
 to the nom. case, as Natio, Statio — Nation, Station.
 
 16 
 
 ance. "I These six terminations have evidently growfi 
 
 ence. out of the pres. part. nom. case of Lat. verbs, 
 
 ancy. I because the spelling of each, agrees with the 
 
 ency. | four conjugations. The first with few excep- 
 
 ant. tions, has ance. The second and third, ence, 
 
 ent. J and the fourth ience. Lat. first. Conj. Affirm- 
 ans, Accordant, Chcumstans. En. Affirmance, Accordance, 
 Circumstance. 
 
 Second and third conj. Tendens, Agcns, Ardent, Insolv- 
 ent. En. Tendency, Agency, Ardency, Insolvency. 
 
 Fourth conj. Audiens, Conveniens, Obediens, Experiens, 
 VdXiens. En. Audience, Convenience, Obedience, Expe- 
 rience, Patience. 
 
 Lat. Dissonant, Dependent, Delinquent, Expedient. 
 
 En. Dissonant, Dependent, Delinquent, Expedient. 
 
 This fact, if duly regarded by the classical scholar, 
 would prevent any mistakes in spelling words of this de- 
 scription. 
 
 ment. ) Are admitted to be of French origin. Ment, 
 
 age. S is extensively used. 
 
 ate. There is a numerous class of words having this 
 termination, which in form, exactly agrees with the Imp. 
 mode of Lat. verbs second person, plural, and the Lat. 
 perf. part, vocative case ; yet in signification, there is little, 
 or no analogy. It is now an English termination, common 
 to words of Lat. derivation, as Accelerate, Obliterate, De- 
 liberate, Demonstrate, Accommodate, &c. 
 
 d. In such words as Multiplicand, Dividend, Subtrahend, 
 Legend, Reverend, &c. is evidently, a contraction, of the 
 Lat. dus, or dum, as Legend for Legendns, &c. 
 
 ble. This termination has come down to us through the 
 medium of the Italian and French ; from the Lat. bilis, the 
 French mistaking between bile, and the Italian vole, made 
 it ble, and very improperly appended it to a numerous class 
 of words, such as SyllaZde, Yestible, double, Treble, &c. 
 
 en. Is derived from the Saxon an, through tbe German, 
 en, and was originally equivalent to our particle to, of the 
 Infinitive mode. Amongst the Saxons en, and n, were used 
 in common with cd, as participial terminations, as Craven, 
 Heaven, Barren, for Craved, Heaved, Barred ; both are re- 
 tained by established usage. We now say given, and stern,
 
 17 
 
 instead of gived, and stemed, or we make use of either, as 
 Engraven, or Engraved ; yet by far the most numerous 
 class of words retained exclusively. t is often used like 
 en for el as buik for builJeci. 
 
 ric. Is derived from German, and implies possession, as 
 Bishopric. 
 
 dom. Is from the German thum, implying a collection of 
 things. 
 
 ing. Is taken from the German ung. 
 
 ling and kin. Are also borrowed from the German, and 
 are commonly used as diminutives, as Ducking-, a little 
 Duck. Lamb&m, a little Lamb. Wilkin, &c. 
 
 hood. Is also borrowed from German, as Boyhood, 
 Priesthood, expressing a state or condition. 
 
 th. Seems to be peculiar to some of the more ancient 
 forms of our language, accompanied in most cases, by a 
 change of vowels, as Long, Length, Strong, StrengM, Bear, 
 Birth, Moon, Month, &c. 
 
 ght. Is the equivalent for the German cht, as in sight, 
 &c. 
 
 ish. Is the substitute for the German, isch. 
 
 some. Probably may have come from the German sam 
 
 ful. Is derived from the German voll. 
 
 less. Is also from the German los. 
 
 ed. While a great portion of our verbs derived from the 
 Saxon, are very irregular, as drink, swim, fling, &c. those 
 of Latin origin, are pretty uniformly marked by the regular 
 addition of ed, to their imperfect, and participle. 
 
 ship. Seems to be borrowed from some word, implying 
 to shape, or do something, as Friendship, Fellowship, &c. 
 
 ness. Is doubtless from the German niss. 
 
 al. May be considered of Latin origin. 
 
 ar, and ory. Are also derived from the Latin. 
 
 ize, ist, ism. Are of Greek derivation. 
 
 ure. Is from the Latin. 
 
 ude, tude. Are also from the Latin. 
 
 oid. Is derived from the Greek, eidos. 
 
 ous. Is taken from the Latin. 
 
 There can be little doubt, that most if not all the impor- 
 tant terminations in our language, were once significant 
 words, or a contraction of such words. Could this be pre- 
 
 2"
 
 18 
 
 cisely ascertained, it would furnish a most perfect devel- 
 opement of the true genius of our language. The result 
 of such a discovery, would expose all the errors and im- 
 perfections that now exist, and naturally induce subsequent 
 writers to avoid them, and gradually introduce, what in 
 process of time would be a pure, if not a perfect system 
 of language. 
 
 SECTION IV. 
 
 Explanation of the Prefixes. 
 
 A Prefix is a letter, syllable or word added to the be- 
 ginning of some other word to vary or modify its primitive 
 signification. 
 
 Theist, implies a person who believes in the existence 
 of a God. Now prefix a, and it becomes Atheist, implying 
 one who does not believe in the existence of a God. 
 
 Again, Possible, means that which can be done. Now 
 prefix im, and it becomes ^possible, implying what cannot 
 be done. 
 
 Some entire words are occasionally used as prefixes. 
 The following are the principal prefixes in our language, 
 influencing the meaning of words. 
 
 a, ab, abs. When these are prefixed to words, which are 
 commonly of Latin origin, they usually denote, 
 
 Separating, Taking from, 
 
 or Departure, or Privation. 
 
 As Ab solve, to free from. 
 
 Ab lution, the act of washing away. 
 Ab scision, the act of cutting off. 
 Abs tract, to take from. 
 Ab breviate, to shorten, taking apart. 
 Abs ternious, refraining from. 
 Ab jure, to swear off, or renounce upon oath. 
 N. B. A in many instances, does little else than confirm 
 the meaning of the word, and has an equivalent significa- 
 tion with on to in or at. As ashore, on shore, abed, afar, 
 afoot. 
 
 ad. When a prefix, signifies to, increasing, or adding 
 something more to the primitive import. a ac af ag al
 
 19 
 
 an ap ar as at, are only different modifications of ad and 
 have the same signification, usually adding something more 
 to the primitive import ; as join, to unite. -Adjoin, to unite 
 to. Credit, to believe. .Accredit, to give belief to. Lo- 
 cation, A /location, .Aspire, Affix, .Annex, .Approximate, Ar- 
 rival, Assign, .Attest, Aggress. 
 
 N. B. The phraseology need not be confined to the word 
 to, but may vary in any manner, which will imply addition, 
 as .Accord, to agree with. 
 
 .Adjacent, near by. .Assure, to make more certain. 
 
 ambi. Implies two, twofold, or doubtful ; as .Am&idexter, 
 using both hands equally well. -Ambiguous, of doubtful 
 meaning. 
 
 ante. Always denotes before, either in time or place ; as 
 Antedate, .Antechamber, .Antediluvian, .Antepast. 
 
 ant, anti. Denote against, or opposition ; as .Antichrist, 
 .Antifebrile. 
 
 all. When used as a prefix, simply enlarges the signifi- 
 cation, and is equivalent to most, wholly, or in the highest 
 degree ; AJ/-cheering, Most cheering, .AZZ-abandoned, wholly 
 abandoned. 
 
 after. Always implies behind, or later, in some sense ; 
 as Afterozxt, Afterlove, Afternoon. 
 
 be. As a prefix denotes nearness, about, to make, on, or 
 at. It is derived from some root, signifying to press ; as 
 .Bedaub, .Bedew, Besmear, Bedeck. 
 
 bene. Always implies good, or well; as Benevolent, 
 Wishing well, Benefactor, Benediction. 
 
 bi, bis. Are the same, and as prefixes, mean two ; as 
 Bisect, to cut into two parts, Biennial, once in two years. 
 
 by. When used as a prefix, means nearness, closeness, 
 withdrawing, or seclusion ; as By-stander, By-path, By- 
 lane. 
 
 cis. On this side, cis- Alpine, on this side the Alps. 
 
 centu. \ A hundred, or by the hundred; as Centu- 
 
 centi. > plicate, to make a hundred fold. Centiped, an 
 
 cent. j hundred feet. Centennial, consisting of a 
 hundred years. ' 
 
 contra. Signifies against, or in opposition to ; as Contra- 
 vene, to oppose, or come against. 
 
 co, com, cog, con, col, cor. Have a common significa-
 
 20 
 
 tion, indicating union, or connexion, in some sense, and are 
 nearly equivalent to with, joined with, and in connexion with, 
 or together; as Join to unite. Conjoin, to unite with. 
 Press, to squeeze. Compress, to squeeze together. Cog- 
 nate, Concordant, Co/location, Corroborate, Co-exist. 
 
 circum. Always implies around, or about ; as Circum- 
 navigate, to sail around. Circumvent, Circumscribe. 
 
 counter. Signifies opposite, against, or corresponding ; 
 as Counteract, to act against. Counterpart, Countermand. 
 
 de. When a prefix, usually implies from, down, separa- 
 ting or removing from, and a negative sense. Deduce, to lead 
 or draw ^ron?. Debase, to bring down. Debark, Dethrone, 
 Decapitate, Debar, Derange. 
 
 N. B. It sometimes adds more intensity to the meaning; 
 as Deprave, Denounce. 
 
 di, dis, dif. Imply separation, disunion, out, not, or two ; 
 also, to take away, in a privative or negative sense ; as Di- 
 verge, to move in different directions. Disarm, to deprive 
 of arms. Displace, Disgrace, Divulge, Diffuse, Divide, 
 Disuse. Dishonest, not honest, Disinter, to take out, &c 
 
 deCa. Means ten ; as Decagon, ten angles. Decalogue. 
 
 E, ex, ef, ec. Commonly imply out, out of, from, or be- 
 yond ; as Merge, to put under water. .Emerge, to come 
 out. Evade, to escape from. Exclude, .Exonerate, .Ex- 
 haust. 
 
 N. B. In some cases they do little else than to add em- 
 phasis ; as Exasperate, to make more angry. Exact, very 
 exact. Extend, to advance further. Extreme, to the very 
 end. 
 
 en, em. Are a substitute for in, and generally increase, 
 the primitive signification ; as Enlighten, to afford more 
 light. Embed, to lay in a bed. Entangle, Ensnare, En- 
 trap, Enforce, Embase. 
 
 ed. Implies good, well, or praise ; as Ewphonic, agreea- 
 ble in sound. Eulogize, to praise. 
 
 equi. Implies equal, as Eo?/ilaterrd, equal sides. 
 
 extra. Signifies beyond, more than, or excess; as Ex- 
 travagant, wandering beyond the usual limits. 
 'fore. Generally denotes priority, either in time or 
 place ; as Eorewarn, Foresee, .Foreknow, Eoreshow. 
 
 for. When a prefix to verbs, is a negative or a privative,
 
 21 
 
 denoting against, away, or aside ; as Forbear, to abstain 
 from. .Forbid to utter a prohibition. 
 
 hex, hexa. Always mean six. Hexagon six angles. 
 
 high. As a prefix implies elevated, lofty, or high, either 
 in place, rank, degree, quality or condition, as High-built, 
 High-minded, High-born, High-fed, High-sounding. 
 
 im, in, ig, il, ir. When prefixed to adjectives, give them 
 a negative sense, nearly equivalent to not ; as ignoble, not 
 noble, impossible, not possible, inseparable, what can- 
 not be separated, //legal, not legal, irrational, not ration- 
 al, implacable, insufferable, //legible, irreligious. But 
 when prefixed to verbs, and in some instances to other parts 
 of speech, they add more intensity, or increase the force of 
 signification, as impose, to lay upon. Infix, to fasten, or fix 
 in. Illume, to enlighten, irritate, to excite anger. Implant. 
 
 inter. Always implies among, or between, as Intercede, 
 to pass between, or mediate, Interact, Interweave, Inter- 
 fere, Intercbange, Intermingle. 
 
 intro. Means within, into, or nearness, as in^rogression, 
 entering within. Introduce, Intromission. 
 
 infra. Means below, under, or underneath ; as in/ramun- 
 dane, under the world. 
 
 juris. Implies legal, or by lawful right ; as Jurisdiction. 
 legal right over, Jurisprudence, legal science. 
 
 jdxta. Means near by, or next ; as Juarteposition being 
 placed in nearness. 
 
 mis. Implies a wrong use, or misapplication, error or erro- 
 neous, derived from the verb miss, to err. .Misplace, to 
 place wrong. .Misrule, .Misbehave, Mismanage. 
 
 male, mal. Mean evil, or bad ; as Ma/ediction, speaking 
 evil. Maltreat, to treat ill, or evil. Malefactor, Malevolent, 
 Ma/form. 
 
 multi. Signifies many ; as Multiform, many forms. 
 
 manu. Means a hand ; as .Manumit, to free from sla- 
 very. Manufacture, made by hand. 
 
 un. Prefixed to verbs, is a privative, and implies undoing 
 or depriving ; as Unlace, to undo what had been done. But 
 when prefixed to adjectives or participles, it is anegative, or 
 the same as not. 
 
 non. Always gives a negative sense to words, similar 
 to not.
 
 22 
 
 ne. is used for non, and means negation or not ; as Un- 
 wise, not wise. Untrue, not true. iVonsense, not sense 
 ZTVikind, Unsafe, iVonconformist, iVonsolvent, iVonentity 
 Untie, Neuter, not either. 
 
 noct. Implies night, as iVocftirnal, by night. 
 
 ob, oc, of, op. In general denote in front, before, against 
 towards, in, or on ; as Objection, something brought against 
 Occur, to meet or come in front of. Offence, Oppose 06- 
 duce, Obtrude. 
 
 over. Implies above, beyond, excess, or too much. Over- 
 pay, to pay too much. Overbear, Overrate, Overact. 
 
 out. Denotes beyond, or to exceed, what the prim- 
 itive means ; as Out-run, Out-do, Out-man, OuMive, Out- 
 last. 
 
 omni. Is prefixed to a few words, and is always equiva- 
 lent to all ; as Owmi'scient, All-wise, Owm'potent, A//-pow- 
 erful. 
 
 octo, octa. ) Signify eight ; as Octonocular,* having 
 
 oct. J eight eyes. Octagon, eight angles. Oct- 
 
 ennial, every eighth year. 
 
 pleni. Signifies full. Plenipotentiary, having full 
 power. 
 
 penta. Means five ; as Pentagon, five angles. 
 
 preter. Implies beyond, past, hence, beside, or more; as 
 Preternatural, beyond what is natural. Preterlegal, beyond 
 the limits of the law. Preterpluperfect, Preter-it. 
 
 post. Commonly denotes after ; as Postmeridian, after- 
 noon, Posthumous. 
 
 pro. Denotes fore, forth, forward, or out ; as Probation, 
 ^ore-trial. Produce, to bring forth. Proceed, Promote, 
 Propel, to drive forward. 
 
 per. Implies more intensity, through, by, very, or passing 
 through, or over the whole extent ; as Pervade, to pass 
 through the whole. Perambulate, to walk through. Per- 
 ceive, to receive impressions through the senses. Per-day, 
 Per-chance, Per-annum, Per-cent. 
 
 pre. Denotes before, in time or rank ; as Premeditate, 
 to reflect on before. Presuppose, Premonition, Pre-eminent, 
 Preconceive, Predispose. 
 
 * n is euphonic.
 
 23 
 
 quad. Means four. Quadrate, four equal sides. 
 
 re. Generally denotes again, repetition, back, or return ; 
 as .Re-enter, to enter again, Reassert, .Repay, .Repeople, 
 jRejoin, .Relapse. 
 
 N. B. In some words, re, has lost its original meaning, 
 as .Rejoice, Receive, &c. 
 
 retro, means back or back ward; as Retrograde. 
 
 sub, sue, suf, sue ) Signify under, below, after or a 
 
 sup, subter, sus. y subordinate degree ; as Subduce, 
 to draw under. Succeed, to come after, or follow. Sup- 
 plant, to undermine. Suffix, what is added at the end of 
 a word. Subterfluent, flowing under. Subterraneous, 
 Suggest, Sustain. 
 
 semi, hemi, demi. Always imply one half; as Sewtt'-an- 
 nual, i/ewusphere, Demigod, Semicircle. 
 
 se. Denotes separation, aside or apart ; as Secede, to 
 separate, from. Seduce, to draw aside. 
 
 super, supra, sur.* Imply beyond, upon, above, or over 
 and above. Superfine, very fine, or over and above fine. 
 Supramundane, above the world. Surcharged, over charged. 
 S?/rvey, Surmount, Superficial, Supernumerary. 
 
 self. As a prefix implies, by the person or thing alone. 
 Self-taught, taught by one's self alone. Se//~-sufficient. 
 
 sex. Means six ; as Sexennial, once in six years. 
 
 soli. Means one or alone ; as Sofcloquy, talking alone or 
 to one's self. 
 
 sine. Means without ; as Sine-die, without day. 
 
 trans, ultra. Denote across, beyond, over, or a change. 
 Trans-Atlantic, across the Atlantic. Transplant. Ultra- 
 Montane, beyond the Mountain. 
 
 tri. Always means three ; as Triangle, three angles. 
 
 tetra. Means four; as Tetragon, four corners or an- 
 gles. 
 
 uni. Implies one. Uniform, t/nicorn, Univocal. 
 
 under. Implies beneath, inferior or subordinate ; as Un~ 
 derrate, Underxalne, Undermine, Undersell. 
 
 with. This word, as a prefix, implies opposition, priva- 
 tion, separation, departure, or place where Withstand, to 
 stand in opposition to. Withhold, Withdraw, Within. 
 
 * Sur is a contraction of Super.
 
 24 
 
 poly. Means many; as Polysyllable, many syllables 
 Polygon, many angles. 
 
 Greek words or parts of words and prepositions used as 
 prefixes. 
 
 a. Is a Greek privative, taking away something ; as 
 Chromatic, pertaining to color, Achromatic, deprived or des- 
 titute of color. 
 
 amphi. Means about, around ; as Amphitheatre, an edi- 
 fice in a circular form. 
 
 ana. Has many significations, among which are back, 
 up, through. Anabaptist, one who baptizes again. 
 
 arch. Means chief or principal. ArcA-Bishop, the 
 chief Bishop. 
 
 astro. A Star ; as Agronomy, the law of the Stars. 
 
 auto. One's self. Autographic, pertaining to one's own 
 hand writing. 
 
 apo, aph. From, away from. Apogee, from the earth, 
 ApAelion, from the sun. 
 
 bio. Life. jB?ography, the written life of some person. 
 _biblio. A book. Bibliography, a description of books. 
 ^nSR^tn/v^Time. Chronology, the science of time. 
 
 choro. TK&jiuarticular place. Chorography, giving a map 
 or description ioF a particular place or region. 
 
 chiro. The hand. CAiVography, a writing with one's 
 own hand. 
 
 cosmo. The world or universe. Cosmography. The de- 
 scription of the world. 
 
 cata. Against, down. Catabaptist, one who opposes 
 baptism. 
 
 dia, di. Through. Diameter, measuring through. Di- 
 optrics. 
 
 dys. Bad, ill or difficult. Dyspeptic, bad or difficult di- 
 gestion. 
 
 epi. In, on or upon. .Epidemic, on the people. 
 
 entomo. An insect. Entomology, treating of insects. 
 
 geo. The earth. Geography, a description of the earth. 
 
 genea. The lineage or descent. Genealogy , the lineage 
 of persons from their ancestry. 
 
 homo. Of the same nature, kind, or qualities. Homoge- 
 neous, of the same nature or kind. 
 
 hetero. Of another nature or kind, or discordant qualities
 
 25 
 
 Heterodoxy, principles discordant with the received doc- 
 trines of the church. 
 
 hepta. Seven. Heptagon, seven angles. 
 
 helio. The sun. Heliocentric, distance from the sun's 
 center. 
 
 hex, or hexa. Six. Hexagon, six angles. 
 
 hydro. Water. Hydrology, the science of water. 
 
 hyper. Over or excess. Hypermeter, exceeding the ordi- 
 nary standard of measure. 
 
 ichthyo. AJish. Ichthyology, The science of fishes. 
 
 lexico. A dictionary. Lexicography, writing a dic- 
 tionary. 
 
 litho. A stone. Lithography, the art of engraving on 
 stone. 
 
 mono. One or alone, ikfowochord, having one string or 
 chord. 
 
 meta. A change, after, beyond, next, together, (many sen- 
 ses.) Metahasis, a transition or change of place. Meta- 
 morphose, to change the form. 
 
 mytho. A fable. .Mycologist, a writer of fables. 
 
 miso, ) From Misos, hatred. Misogamist, a hater 
 & mis. S °f marriage. Mwanthropy, hatred of man- 
 kind. 
 
 osteo. A bone. Osteology, a description of bones. 
 
 ortho. Right or correct. Orthology, the right descrip- 
 tion of things. 
 
 ornitho. A fowl. Ornithology, the science of fowls. 
 
 philo. > A friend or lover. Philosopher, a lover of 
 
 phil. y wisdom. P/»7anthropist, a lover of mankind. 
 
 peri. Near, under, around or about. Perigee, nearest 
 the earth. 
 
 para. Against, superior, near, similar, together with. It 
 has various senses. Paradox, against or contrary to re- 
 ceived opinions. 
 
 pan, panto. All. Pantheon, a temple dedicated to all 
 the gods. Pantomime. 
 
 pyro. Fire or heat. Pyrotechnic, the art of making 
 ^re-works. 
 
 physico. ) Nature, pertaining to nature. Physicologic, 
 
 physio. J Logic illustrated by Natural Philosophy 
 Physiologer. 
 
 3
 
 26 
 
 syn, sy. } hi common with, together with, to, or row- 
 
 syl, sym. \ currence. (Synthesis, putting two or more 
 propositions or things together. SyZlable, Sympathy, suf- 
 fering with, or having correspondent feelings with those 
 afflicted. 
 
 steno. Brief, short, strait. Stenographer, one who writes 
 short hand. 
 
 stereo. Solid, firm. Stereotype, fixed or solid metal 
 types. 
 
 topo. A place, tract, or region. Topographer, one who 
 describes some particular place. 
 
 theo. God. Theology, the science of God or divine 
 things. 
 
 typo. A mark, letter ox figure. Typographic, pertaining 
 to printing. 
 
 zoo. An animal or beast. Zoography, a description of 
 anunals. 
 
 SECTION V. 
 
 Explanation of the Suffixes. 
 
 Although the Suffixes will not admit of as precise defi- 
 nitions as the Prefixes, still they can be classed so as to an- 
 swer the more general purposes of defining words. 
 
 A Suffix is a letter or letters, a syllable or syllables, or 
 whatever is appended to the end of a word, to add force, 
 vary or modify its signification. 
 
 The word act, means something done, or to do something. 
 Now add or, and it becomes actor, and means the person 
 who does something. 
 
 Imprison, means to confine in some place. Now add 
 ment, and it becomes imprisonment, and implies the act of 
 confining in some place. Such terminations, we denom- 
 inate Suffixes. The following are the principal in our lan- 
 guage. We will now endeavor to class and define them, 
 according to their general import. 
 
 able, ible, ble. These communicate a potential signi- 
 fication to the word, and may generally be defined by such 
 expressions as the following, joined to the primitive import : 
 
 That may be, capable of, capable of being, fit or worthy
 
 27 
 
 to be. (Sometimes) pertaining to, the capacity of, or the 
 state; as 
 
 Audible, that may be heard. 
 
 Flexible, that may be bent. 
 
 F&yable, Foriable, Legible 
 
 Eligible, Jit or worthy to be chosen. 
 
 ile. Is sometimes defined like able, and sometimes by, 
 belonging to, pertaining to, or easily ; as 
 
 Flexile, that may be bent, or easily bent. 
 
 PueriZe, belonging to a boy. 
 
 Juveni/e, pertaining to youth. 
 
 ableness, ibleness. > May be rendered, the property 
 
 ability, ibilitv. $ or quality capable of being, or 
 
 that may be, the capacity or state of, or the property or qual- 
 ity susceptible of. 
 
 Divisibility, the property or quality capable of being divi- 
 ded. 
 
 Compressibility, the quality that ;nay fee pressed together, 
 or capable of being, &c. 
 
 Inrlammafe/ene.s-.s', the quality susceptible of flame, or of 
 taking fire. 
 
 Incurability, the state of being incurable. 
 
 Commensurableness, the capacity of being compared. 
 
 Accountability, the state of being accountable. 
 
 ance, ancy. ) Imply the existing state or condition ; 
 
 ence, ency. $ (sometimes) the act of, the result of an 
 act, or the thing itself. 
 
 Dependence or Dependency, the state of hanging- down 
 from a supporter. 
 
 Emergence, Emergency, the act of rising out of or the 
 event itself. 
 
 Contrivance, the act of inventing or the thing invented. 
 
 Compliance, the act of complying, or result of the 
 act. 
 
 ant, ent. Sometimes mean the person or thing ; as 
 
 Defendant, one who defends. 
 
 President, one who does, or has presided over. 
 
 Solvent, that thing which produces solution. 
 
 ant & ent. In most other cases are defined by a judi- 
 cious use of ing ; as 
 
 Adherent, sticking to ; also the person who.
 
 28 
 
 Incumbent, lying- or resting on ; also the person. 
 
 Refulgent, shining- or casting- a light. 
 
 ion, tion, ation. ) Imply the act of, or state of being. 
 
 sion, cation. > (Sometimes) the state, condition, re- 
 sult, or thing itself ; as 
 
 Union, the act of joining, or the state of being joined. 
 
 Persuasion, the act of persuading, or the state of being 
 persuaded. 
 
 Abasement, the act of humbling, or the state of being 
 humbled. 
 
 Fortification, the act of fortifying, or the thing itself, when 
 made strong. 
 
 Civilization, the act of civilizing, or the state of being 
 civilized. 
 
 en, ty. > Commonly mean to make or made of, to be- 
 
 fit, fic. S come, or to produce. 
 
 Soften, made soft, or softer. 
 
 Silken, made of silk. 
 
 Stupe/y, to make stupid. 
 
 Ossi/y, to become bone. 
 
 Sudori/ic, producing sweat. 
 
 ory, tory, sory. Usually imply containing, tending to, 
 belonging to, the power of, the nature of or the place. 
 
 Mandatory, containing a command. 
 
 Inflammatory, tending to inflammation. 
 
 Compulsory, having the power of compelling. 
 
 Observatory, the place of making observations. 
 
 DefammaZory, Explanatory. 
 
 ity, ty, cy. Generally express the substantive existence 
 of that quality, found in the primitive, and may be defined 
 by, state, condition, or thing itself. (Sometimes) by quality, 
 ox power of. 
 
 Divine, is a quality pertaining to divinity. 
 
 Divinity, is the state of being divine, or deity. 
 
 Moral, is a quality pertaining to. 
 
 Morality, is the very essence of that quality, or the thing 
 itself So vital, vitality. 
 
 Ductile, Ductility. Sterile, Sterility. Carnal, Car- 
 nality. 
 
 Efficacy, the poicer of effecting.
 
 29 
 
 ER, or, an, ian, cian, ast. \ Imply the person who, in 
 
 ess, ress, ee, eer, 1st. > most cases, except er, in 
 
 ite, ine, san, zen, ix. ) adjectives of the compara- 
 
 tive degree, and occasionally some of the other termina- 
 tions. 
 
 Baker, Instructor, Historical, Christian 
 
 Musician, Enthusiast, Poetew, Instructress. 
 
 Assignee, Auctioneer, Formalin, Canaanite. 
 
 Heroine, Executrix, Artisan, Denizen. 
 
 ar, ary, ard, ive. ) Occasionally imply a person, or 
 
 ster, ado, ate, oso. £ thing ; as in 
 
 Beggar, Missionary, Drunkard. 
 
 Graduate, Captive, Teamster. 
 
 Bravado, Virtuoso. 
 
 ar, ary, ic, ical. \ Most commonly, are rendered 
 
 ile, ine, tial. > pertaining to, relating to, or like. 
 
 cial, ac, al. ) (Sometimes) belonging to ; as 
 
 Consular, pertaining to a consul. 
 
 Planetary, pertaining to the planets. 
 
 Dramatic, Metaphorical, Juvenile. 
 
 Feminine, Demoniac, Potential, Commercial. 
 
 al. Sometimes implies the act of ; as 
 
 RefusaZ, ReprisaZ, Espousal, Avowal. 
 
 ive. Means having a tendency to, having the power of. 
 (Sometimes) containing, the nature of, relating to. (Occa- 
 sionally) that may be, the quality of, or person ; as 
 
 Delusive, having a tendency to deceive. 
 
 Expansile, having the power to expand. 
 
 Exhortative, containing exhortation. 
 
 Instinctive, the nature of instinct. 
 
 Conversative, relating to intercourse with men. 
 
 Relaxative, having the quality of relaxing. 
 
 Executive, the person ivho executes the laws. 
 
 ate. When an adjective, expresses some quality, and as 
 such, may be defined having the quality or qualities of; ay 
 
 Effeminate, having the qualities of the female sex. 
 
 It is the termination to a numerous class of words, and 
 when a verb, may be rendered by the preposition to, or to 
 make. The word, however, with this Suffix, generally ex- 
 presses its own appropriate meaning most clearly. 
 
 Accelerate, to hasten, or to quicken motion. 
 3*
 
 30 
 
 Alleviate, to lighten, or to make lighter. 
 
 Abbreviate, to shorten, or to make shorter. 
 
 age. Signifies the rank, office, state, condition, allowance 
 or ability to give or receive ; as 
 
 Peerage, the rank of a Peer. 
 
 Pupilage, the state of being a scholar. 
 
 Parentage, condition as respects the rank of a parent. 
 
 Postage, Carriage &c, an allowance. 
 
 dom, ric. Imply jurisdiction, or possession, by a prince, 
 or bishop. 
 
 ism. Signifies a doctrine or the principles of , the state, that 
 which is peculiar to, an idiom or science. 
 
 Protestantism, the principles of a protestant. 
 
 Naturalism, the mere state of nature. 
 
 Anglicism, peculiar to the English idiom. 
 
 ize. Signifies to do, to perform, to make, to give, or to 
 assimilate; as 
 
 Equalise, to make equal. 
 
 Legalise, to make lawful. 
 
 Tyramze, to act the Tyrant. 
 
 Authorize, to give authority. 
 
 Brutalize, to make brutal. 
 
 ics. Generally implies the science, doctrine or art of, 
 what the primitive alludes to ; as 
 
 Acoustics, the science of sounds. 
 
 Optics, the science of light and vision. 
 
 ish. Means in some degree like, somewhat, belonging to, 
 or national ; as 
 
 Heathenis//, in some degree like a heathen. 
 
 Greem'sA, somewhat green. 
 
 Spanzs/i, national, or belonging to Spain. 
 
 less. Shows the primitive to be destitute of what it is 
 capable of being, and may be rendered, without, or destitute 
 of; as 
 
 Hopeless, without, or destitute of hope. 
 
 House/ess, Fear/ess, Grace/ess, Color/ess. 
 
 ling, kin, cle, ule. Imply little or young ; as 
 
 Duckling a little duck. 
 
 "Witling, a little wit. 
 
 Lamb&m, a little lamb. 
 
 Vesicte, a little bladder.
 
 31 
 
 Yersicle a little verse. 
 
 Globule, a little globe. 
 
 SpheruZe, a little sphere. 
 
 ness. Denotes the abstract quality of. (Sometimes) the 
 simple quality or state. 
 
 Roundness, is an abstract quality, without reference to 
 any particular thing, in which it is found. 
 
 Whiteness, Goodness, Greatness, Softness. 
 
 Soundness, is the state of being sound, (in its sense.) 
 
 ous, ceous. Generally mean, partaking of, resembling 
 or like. (Sometimes,) /«// of, or consisting of; as 
 
 Dangerous, partaking of danger. 
 
 Argillaceous, consisting of argil. 
 
 Perilous, full of peril. 
 
 Populous,^// of people. 
 
 Bilious, consisting of bile. 
 
 Tumultuous, Laborious. 
 
 ous, (after) fer, making ferous. Commonly means, pro- 
 ducing or causing ; as — 
 
 Somni/erous, producing or causing sleep. 
 
 Omni/erous, producing, all kinds. Pesti/erows. 
 
 oid. Signifies, resembling, or in the form of. 
 
 Sphenoid, resembling a wedge. 
 
 Varioloid, the name given to a disease resembling small- 
 pox. 
 
 Typhoid, Asteroid, Spheroid, Metalloid. 
 
 some. Has various significations in its connexions, but 
 more generally means, possessing a degree of, somewhat, or 
 full of; as 
 
 Delightsome, possessing a degree of delight. 
 
 Troublesome, Loathsome, Gladsome. 
 
 hood. Means state or condition. (Sometimes) office or 
 quality. ~~ 
 
 Manhood, the state of one who is a man. 
 
 HardiAood, the quality of being bold, or dauntless. 
 
 Boy hood, the state of a boy. 
 
 Priesthood, the office of a priest. 
 
 ship. Denotes office, or state, district or territory. 
 
 Professorship, the office of a professor. 
 
 Relations/tip, the state of being related to. 
 
 Township, the district of a town.
 
 32 
 
 tude, tjde. Usually convert the quality of the adjective, 
 into a substantive form, and may be rendered the state or 
 state of being ; as 
 
 Amplitude, the state or extent of capacity, from ample. 
 
 ward. Means in a direction, indicated by the primitive. 
 
 Northward, Eastward, Upward, Downward, Homeward. 
 
 ful, ose. Denote full of full or abundance, as 
 
 Play ful, full of play. 
 
 Verbose, full of words. 
 
 Operose, full of labor. 
 
 "Needful, Careful, Hopeful. 
 
 ly. Means like, in a manner, or resembling. 
 
 ManZy, like a man. 
 
 Courageously, in a courageous manner. 
 
 ly, when united to a primitive, as in manly, usually im- 
 plies like ; when it follows a Suffix, it expresses the manner, 
 as in courageously. 
 
 URE. Commonly denotes the act, state, or thing. (Some- 
 times,) the power, or art of. 
 
 Composure, the act of composing, or the state of being 
 composed. 
 
 Architecture, the art of building. 
 
 ery, ry, y. Seem to imply an art or practice ; as 
 
 Witchery, Quackery, Cookery, Heraldry, Husbandry, 
 Sophistry. A place where something is done or kept ; as 
 Butchery, Fishery, Factory, Brewery, Armory, Nunnery. 
 A state ; as Beggar?/, Slavery, or the possession of some- 
 thing, as Wealthy, Sandy, Shady. 
 
 ed. Is a verbal and participial termination, implying past 
 time of action. It expresses its own meaning, yet may 
 sometimes be made more explicit by adding, was or did, to 
 the past tense of the verb ; as 
 
 I Walked, meaning I did walk. 
 
 ing. Is a participial termination implying a time of pro- 
 gressive action, and may be rendered with direct reference 
 to that time, continuing to. 
 
 ing, is frequently used to express some article or 
 thing : as. 
 
 Clothmo', Shipping. 
 
 It must be remembered, that the foregoing definitions to 
 the Suffixes, cannot be expected precisely to meet every
 
 33 
 
 case in the language ; but from careful examination of some 
 thousands of words, it is believed they will answer all the 
 common purposes of defining ; and generally, enable the 
 pupil, clearly to perceive the several modifications of im- 
 port, produced by their combinations with the primitive 
 word. 
 
 SECTION VI. 
 
 Alphabetical Synopsis of all the Prefixes, or words used as 
 such, varying the import of more than twenty thousand 
 words. 
 
 a ab abs. 
 
 Separating, departure, taking from, 
 
 ad a ac af ag al ) 
 an ap ar as at. $ 
 
 privation. 
 To, (implying some addition.) 
 
 ambi. 
 
 Both, twofold, doubtful. 
 
 amb am amphi. 
 
 About, around. 
 
 ante. 
 
 Before. 
 
 ant anti. 
 
 Against, opposition. (Sometimes) 
 before. 
 
 all. 
 
 Most, wholly, in the highest degree. 
 
 after. 
 
 Behind, later. 
 
 
 (As a Greek privative,) taking away. 
 
 a. 
 
 (For ad) to. 
 
 ana. 
 
 Back, again, up, through. 
 
 astro. 
 
 A star. 
 
 auto. 
 
 One's self. 
 
 apo aph. 
 
 From, away from. 
 
 be. 
 
 Nearness, about, to make, on or at. 
 
 bene. 
 
 Good, well. 
 
 bi bis. 
 
 Two. 
 
 bio. 
 
 Life. 
 
 biblio. 
 
 A book. 
 
 chrono. 
 
 Time. 
 
 choro. 
 
 A particular place. 
 
 chiro. 
 
 The hand. 
 
 cosmo. 
 
 The world. 
 
 centu, centi, cent. 
 
 A hundred. 
 
 contra. 
 
 Against, opposition.
 
 34 
 
 co com cog, ) 
 con col cor. $ 
 circum. 
 
 counter. 
 
 de. 
 
 di dis dif. 
 
 deca. 
 
 dia. 
 
 dys. 
 
 epi. 
 
 entomo. 
 
 e ex ef ec. 
 
 eu. 
 
 equi. 
 
 extra. 
 
 fore. 
 
 for. 
 
 geo. 
 
 genea. 
 
 homo. 
 
 hetero. 
 
 hepta. 
 helio. 
 hexa hex. 
 hydro, 
 hyper. 
 
 high. 
 
 inter. 
 
 im in ig ) 
 ilir $ 
 
 intro. 
 infra, 
 ichthyo. 
 
 With, joined with, in connection 
 with, together. 
 
 Around, about. 
 
 (For contra) opposite, against, cor- 
 responding or addition. 
 
 From, down, separating from, or a 
 negative sense. 
 
 Separation, disunion, two, out, not. 
 
 Ten. 
 
 Through. 
 
 Bad, ill, difficult. 
 
 In, or on. 
 
 An insect. 
 
 (For ex) out, out of, beyond, from. 
 
 In, or to make, (adding strength of 
 meaning.) 
 
 Good, well, praise. 
 
 Equal. 
 
 Beyond, more than, excess. 
 
 Priority, or before. 
 
 Against, away, aside. 
 
 The earth. 
 
 Lineage, or descent. 
 
 Of the same nature, kind or quali- 
 ties. 
 
 Of another nature or kind, discord- 
 ant qualities. 
 
 Seven. 
 
 The Sun. 
 
 Six. 
 
 Water. 
 
 Over, excess. 
 
 Elevated, more than is common, or 
 high (in some sense.) 
 
 Among, between. 
 
 Not, (with an adjective,) in, into, 
 on, (with a verb, adding intensity 
 of meaning.) 
 
 Within, into, nearness. 
 
 Below, under, underneath. 
 
 A fish.
 
 35 
 
 juris. 
 
 Legal, by lawful right. 
 
 juxta. 
 
 Near, near by, next. 
 
 lexico. 
 
 A dictionary. 
 
 litho. 
 
 A stone. 
 
 mono. 
 
 One, alone. 
 
 miso mis. 
 
 Hatred (gr. miseo or misos.) 
 
 mytho. 
 
 A fable. 
 
 meta. 
 
 A change, after, beyond, according to 
 
 mis. 
 
 Wrong use, misapplication, error, er 
 
 
 roneous. (From miss to err.) 
 
 male mal. 
 
 Evil, bad. 
 
 multi. 
 
 Many. 
 
 manu. 
 
 A hand. 
 
 non ne un. 
 
 Not, undoing, depriving. 
 
 noct. 
 
 Night. 
 
 ob oc of op. 
 
 In front, before, against, towards, in 
 or on, in the way, out. 
 
 over. 
 
 Above, beyond, excess. 
 
 out. 
 
 Beyond, to exceed. 
 
 omni. 
 
 All. 
 
 octo octa oct. 
 
 Eight. 
 
 osteo. 
 
 A bone. 
 
 ortho. 
 
 Right or correct. 
 
 ornitho. 
 
 A fowl, or bird. 
 
 philo phil. 
 
 A friend or lover. 
 
 peri. 
 
 Near, under, around. 
 
 para. 
 
 Against, superior, near, similar. 
 
 pan panto. 
 
 All. 
 
 pyro. 
 
 Fire or heat. 
 
 physico physio. 
 
 Nature, pertaining to nature. 
 
 pleni. 
 
 Full. 
 
 penta. 
 
 Five. 
 
 preter. 
 
 Beyond, past, hence, beside, more. 
 
 post. 
 
 After. 
 
 poly. 
 
 Many. 
 
 pro. 
 
 Fore, forth, forward, out. 
 
 
 Through, by, very, (more intensity,) 
 
 per. 
 
 passing through or over the 
 
 
 whole. 
 
 pre. 
 
 Before, (in time or rank.) 
 
 quad. 
 
 Four.
 
 36 
 
 re. 
 retro. 
 
 
 Again, repetition, back, return. 
 Back, backward. 
 
 sub sue suf 
 
 sue) 
 
 Under, below, after, in a subordinate 
 
 sup subter sus. $ 
 semi heini demi. 
 
 degree. 
 One half. 
 
 se. 
 
 super supra 
 
 self. 
 
 sex. 
 
 sur. 
 
 Separation, aside, apart. 
 
 Beyond, above, upon, over and above. 
 
 By the person or thing alone. 
 
 Six. 
 
 soli. 
 
 
 One, alone. 
 
 sine. 
 
 
 Without. 
 
 sym syn syl 
 steno. 
 
 sy. 
 
 In connexion with, together with, to. 
 Brief, strait, short. 
 
 stereo. 
 
 
 Solid, firm. 
 
 theo. 
 
 
 God. 
 
 topo. 
 typo. 
 
 trans ultra, 
 tri. 
 
 
 A place, tract, or region. 
 A mark, letter or figure. 
 Across, beyond, over, a change. 
 Three. 
 
 tetra. 
 
 
 Four. 
 
 uni. 
 
 
 One. 
 
 under. 
 
 
 Beneath, inferior, subordinate. 
 
 with. 
 
 
 Opposition, privation, separation, de- 
 
 zoo. 
 
 
 parture, place where. 
 An animal or beast. 
 
 Let 
 
 Give the meaning 
 prefixes and define it 
 
 im omni pleni. 
 circum inter ad. 
 cent sept dec } 
 per tri sex oct. $ 
 circum col sub. 
 
 com e re trans. 
 
 re com pro. 
 circum subter 
 super inter con 
 male bene 
 
 .} 
 
 this be often repeated. 
 
 of the primitive alone, then join its 
 
 Potent, having power. 
 Jacent, lying. 
 
 Bi,ennial, once in two years. 
 
 Ligation, the act of binding. 
 Migrate, removing from one country 
 
 to another. 
 Ex,pel, to drive out. 
 
 Fluent, a flowing. 
 
 Factor, an agent or doer.
 
 37 
 
 mono poly > 
 pan tri a. $ 
 circum super sub. 
 inter dis con. 
 circum abs re ex. 
 sub ab de e } 
 in re pro con. \ 
 geo auto bio ) 
 cosmo biblio. $ 
 astro hydro 
 chrono zoo. 
 
 dis en un. 
 col e re. 
 dis pre. re. 
 re en dis. 
 mis ad pre. 
 ante post mis. 
 preter il. 
 counter mal. 
 helio geo ec. 
 in mis. 
 im preter. 
 con ad. 
 in over, 
 con dis. 
 af pre post, 
 ultra sub trans, 
 ad con dis re. 
 mis pre re. 
 ante post, 
 multi equi In 
 tri uni mal. 
 dis tri poly mono. 
 de be counter, 
 pre self mis. 
 en disen. 
 hemi semi dcmi. 
 co under, 
 re dis. 
 
 Theist, one who believes there is a 
 
 God. 
 Inscribe, to write in or on. 
 Seminate, to sow. 
 In,cision, a cutting into. 
 
 Adject, to cast at. 
 
 Graphic, writing of, or describing- 
 Logical, art of reasoning, speaking 
 of, or treating of any subject. 
 
 Able. 
 
 Lapse. 
 
 Possess. 
 
 Close. 
 
 Judge. 
 
 Date. 
 
 Legal. 
 
 Practice. 
 
 Centric. 
 
 Correct. 
 
 Perfect. 
 
 Vocation. 
 
 Elegant. 
 
 Ac, cord. 
 
 Fix. 
 
 Marine. 
 
 Join. 
 
 Engage. 
 
 Meridian. 
 
 Form. 
 
 Syllable. 
 
 Charm. 
 
 Opinion. 
 
 Tangle. 
 
 Sphere. 
 
 Agent. 
 
 Embark.
 
 38 
 
 SECTION VII. 
 
 Synopsis of Suffixes modifying the signification ef more 
 than fifty thousand words. 
 
 The most common definition is given, while reference 
 may be had to the others, as occasion shall require. 
 
 That may be, capable of being, state. 
 The property, or quality that may be, 
 
 or capable of being. Capacity 
 
 or state. 
 The state, condition, or act of, the 
 
 thing. 
 (The judicious use of) ing, or the 
 
 person, or thing. 
 The act of, or state of being, the 
 
 thing. 
 Having the quality of, to, or to make 
 The rank, office, state, allowance. 
 To make, made of, to become. 
 
 The person who, (with some excep- 
 tions.) 
 
 (Occasionally,) the person, or thing. 
 
 (Generally) pertaining to, relating to, 
 belonging to, like. 
 
 State, condition, office. 
 
 That may be, pertaining to, easily. 
 
 State, or condition, the reality. 
 
 Having a tendency to, the power or 
 nature of. 
 
 Doctrine, state, peculiar to, science. 
 
 To make, to give, to assimilate. 
 
 The science, doctrine, art. 
 
 Some degree like, somewhat, na- 
 tional. 
 
 Without or destitute of. 
 
 able ible ble. 
 
 ableness ibleness 
 ability ibility. 
 
 ance ancy } 
 ence ency. $ 
 
 ant ent. 
 
 ation cation ion 
 
 tion sion ment. 
 
 ate. 
 
 age. 
 
 en fy fit fie. 
 
 er or an ian ix 
 
 cian ast ess ress 
 
 ee eer ist ite ine 
 
 san zen. 
 
 ar ary ard ate } 
 
 ive ster ado oso. S 
 
 ar ary ic al 
 
 ical ile ine ac 
 
 tial cial. 
 
 hood. 
 
 ile. 
 
 ity ty cy. 
 
 ive. 
 
 ism. 
 ize. 
 ics. 
 ish. 
 
 less.
 
 39 
 
 Ke" \ A little ' >' 0un S- 
 
 i Like in a manner, in a (speak the 
 
 *' word) manner, 
 
 ful ose. Full of, full, abundance. 
 
 The abstract quality of, the quality 
 
 of, state. 
 ous Partaking of, full of, like, consisting 
 
 of. 
 Producing, causing. 
 Resembling, the form of. 
 Containing, tending to, nature of, 
 
 place. 
 Jurisdiction or possession (of prince 
 
 or bishop.) 
 Office, state, district. 
 State of being, state of, capacity. 
 In a direction, (indicated by the 
 
 primitive.) 
 The act, art, state, or thing. 
 Art or practice, place, state, posses- 
 sion, or thing. 
 Possessing a degree of, somewhat, 
 
 full of. 
 Did, was. 
 Continuing (with reference to time 
 
 when.) 
 
 Give the meaning of the primitive alone, then with the 
 prefix and suffix joined. 
 
 Destine, to ordain, or decree, 
 pre. Destin ation ed. 
 
 Numerate, to number, 
 in. Numera ble bly. 
 
 Navigate, to sail, 
 circum. Naviga ble tion. 
 
 Manage, to direct, 
 mis. Manage ment. 
 
 un. Manag able ably. 
 
 Retrieve, to regain, 
 ir. Retriev ableness ably. 
 
 ferous. 
 oid. 
 
 ory tory sory. 
 
 ric dom. 
 
 ship, 
 tude ude. 
 
 ward. 
 
 ure. 
 
 ery ry y. 
 
 some. 
 
 ed. 
 
 ing.
 
 40 
 
 
 Separate, to divide. 
 
 In. 
 
 Separa bly bleness. 
 
 in. 
 
 Separa bility. 
 
 
 Prompt, ready. 
 
 over. 
 
 Prompt ness. 
 
 
 Assess, to fix a tax. 
 
 CO. 
 
 Assess or. 
 
 
 Plot, to contrive a plan. 
 
 com, 
 
 Plot ment ter. 
 
 
 Guide, to direct. 
 
 mis. 
 
 Guid ance ing. 
 
 
 Fertile, fruitful. 
 
 in. 
 
 Fertil ity. 
 
 
 Grace, favor, beauty, virtue. 
 
 dis. 
 
 Grace ful, ness. 
 
 
 Reside, to dwell permanently. 
 
 non„ 
 
 Resid ent ence. 
 
 
 Camp, to fix tents. 
 
 de. 
 
 Camp ment. 
 
 
 Bold, daring, brave. 
 
 em. 
 
 Bold en, ed. 
 
 
 Scar, a mark, blemish. 
 
 re. 
 
 Scari fy. 
 
 
 Dense, thick, compact. 
 
 con. 
 
 Dens ity ation. 
 
 
 Lacerate, to tear or rend. 
 
 il 
 
 Lacerat ed ion. 
 
 
 Sign, to write or sign. 
 
 as. 
 
 Sign ee- or ment. 
 
 
 Line, a long mark. 
 
 inter. 
 
 Line ation ed. 
 
 
 Republican. 
 
 anti. 
 
 Republican ism. 
 
 
 Liberal, free, generous. 
 
 il. 
 
 Liberal ly ity. 
 
 
 Intimate, to be familiar. 
 
 pre. 
 
 Intima cy tion. 
 
 
 Press, to squeeze. 
 
 ex. 
 
 Press ure ible. 
 
 
 Inspect, to look on or view. 
 
 super. 
 
 Inspect ion.
 
 41 
 
 Peer, a nobleman, 
 com. Peer age. 
 
 Fuse, to melt, 
 in. Fus ible ibility. 
 
 Delicate, fine, fair, nice, 
 in. Delica cy. 
 
 Describe, to represent, 
 in. Descript ive. 
 
 Grand, noble, great, 
 ag- Grand ize, ment. 
 
 Melody, succession of agreeable sounds, 
 im. Melodi ous, ly. 
 
 Drama, a tragedy, or comedy, 
 un. Dramat ic. 
 
 Compel, to drive by force, 
 non. Compuls ory. 
 
 Sphere, a globe, 
 semi. Spher ic, al. 
 
 Partner, one in company, 
 co. Partner ship. 
 
 Conform, to agree with, 
 non. Conform ist ity. 
 
 SECTION VIII. 
 
 Classification of Suffixes. 
 
 The Suffixes appear to combine in groups of a similar 
 kind, and follow each other, in most cases, with some good 
 degree of uniformity ; and at the same time, present two 
 important facts ; viz. the regular formation of most of our 
 derivative words, and the entire uniformity in the orthogra- 
 phy of an immense number of their suffixes. 
 
 The most common definition is given to the suffix, when 
 standing singly with its primitive, and when found in its 
 different combinaiions with other suffixes. Thus : 
 
 fill. Full of, abundance, 
 
 fully. In a manner full of, or in a — manner, 
 
 fullness. The quality of being full of, or state. 
 
 less. Without, or destitute. 
 
 4»
 
 42 
 
 lessly- 
 
 lessness, 
 
 ish. 
 ishly. 
 
 ishness. 
 
 ous. 
 
 ously. 
 
 ousness. 
 
 ive. 
 
 ively, 
 
 iveness. 
 
 some. 
 
 somely. 
 
 someness. 
 
 Jy. 
 
 liness. 
 able ible, 
 
 ableness ibleness > 
 ability ibility. $ 
 
 ably ibly. 
 
 ize. 
 ized- 
 
 izing. 
 
 izalion- 
 ate. 
 ated, 
 ating. 
 
 ative. 
 
 atory. 
 ation. 
 
 In a manner without, or in a- — -man- 
 ner. 
 The quality of being without, or 
 
 state. 
 In some degree like, somewhat. 
 In a manner some degree like, or in 
 
 a- manner. 
 
 The quality in some degree like. 
 Partaking of, like, full of. 
 In a manner partaking of, or like. 
 The quality of, partaking of, or state. 
 Having a tendency to, containing, the 
 
 nature of. 
 In a manner tending to, or partaking 
 
 of, or in a manner. 
 
 The quality tending to, or partaking 
 
 of. 
 Possessing a degree of, somewhat. 
 In a manner possessing a degree of, 
 
 or in a manner. 
 
 The quality possessing a degree of, 
 
 or state. 
 Like. 
 
 The quality like, or of being. 
 That may be, or state. 
 The quality or property that may be, 
 
 capacity or state. 
 In a manner that may be, or in a 
 
 manner. 
 To make, to assimilate. 
 Was or did. (Speak the Word.) 
 Continuing to. (Referring to the time 
 
 when.) 
 The act of, or state of being. 
 To, to make. 
 Did, or was. 
 Continuing to. 
 Having a tendency to, or the power 
 
 of. 
 Containing, the nature of, place. 
 The act of, or thing.
 
 43 
 
 able. 
 
 en. 
 
 ened. 
 
 ed. 
 
 edly. 
 
 edness. 
 
 fy- 
 fied. 
 fier. 
 lying. 
 
 fication. 
 
 ficative. 
 
 ficator. 
 
 ficatory. 
 
 ical ic. 
 
 icism. 
 
 ically. 
 
 ent. 
 
 ently. 
 
 ance 
 
 :\ 
 
 ancy. ) 
 ency. J 
 al. 
 
 alist. 
 alism. 
 
 That may be. 
 
 To make. 
 
 Was made. 
 
 Did. 
 
 In a (repeat the word) manner. 
 
 The quality of being, or the state. 
 
 To make. 
 
 Did or was. 
 
 The person who. 
 
 Continuing to. 
 
 The act of, state or thing. 
 
 Tending to. 
 
 The person who. 
 
 Tending to, the nature of. 
 
 Pertaining to, relating to. 
 
 The principles, state, peculiar to. 
 
 In a manner pertaining to, &c. 
 
 (Use) ing, (with the defining word.) 
 
 In a manner. 
 
 State, condition, act of, or thing. 
 
 State, condition. 
 
 Pertaining to. 
 The person who. 
 The principles, &c. 
 
 SECTION IX. 
 General Rules for forming derivative words. 
 
 1 . When the primitive word ends with the vowel e, drop 
 that vowel before every Suffix beginning with a vowel, ex- 
 cept ous. Sometimes ment is an exception as in judgment, 
 e being dropped. 
 
 2. When the letter y terminates a primitive, or occurs in 
 any of the derivative forms, and in either case, other suf- 
 fixes are added, y is commonly changed into e or i", except 
 before ing; as 
 
 Comely, Comeliness ; Duty, Duteous.
 
 44 
 
 N. B. Betray, and Buy, with a few other words, are 
 exceptions. 
 
 3. When any part is cut off from the end of a word by 
 an inverted comma, each suffix which is preceded by a 
 similar inverted comma, must take the place of that part 
 cut off; but no others may; as 
 
 Legible ( bly ( bility ness. 
 Now JJy, is to take the place of Jble, and forms Legibly ; 
 and fiility, taking the same place, forms Legibility ; but 
 ness not being preceded by the inverted comma, is added to 
 Jble, and forms Legihieness. 
 
 4. Each suffix has a separate union with its primitive 
 word in all cases, unless a single comma intervenes, in 
 which case, each subsequent suffix, as long as that comma 
 is repeated, is united with the first of those two suffixes 
 where the single comma commenced. 
 
 In like manner if two or three commas are used togeth- 
 er, they join additional suffixes on the same principles. 
 
 Take two examples, and mark the application of the 
 commas. 
 
 Argue ed er ing ment, al, able, ation, ative,, ly. Com- 
 bined thus : 
 
 Argue. Argument,al one comma, Rule 4. 
 
 Argued, Rule 1. Argument,able. 
 
 Arguer. Ax gurnet, ation. 
 
 Arguing Argument, ative. 
 
 Argument, excep. Rulel. Argument, ative „ly two commas. 
 
 Injure ed er ing y, ous,. ly„ ness. Combined. 
 Injure. Injury. 
 
 \u\ured. \u')uri,ous, one comma, and y changed to i. 
 
 Injurer. \r\]uri,ous„ly. 
 
 Injuring. Injurious,, ness. 
 
 5. There are a few words, generally monosyllables, 
 ending with a single consonant, before a single vowel, 
 which double the final consonant in forming their deriva- 
 tives. Thus Abet, makes abetted, abettor, abetting, except 
 abetment So clip, clipped, entrap entrapped. Fret, fret- 
 ted. Plan, planned 
 
 6. When t or s precedes e final, in such words as admit 
 tion or sion, e is dropped and the suffix is ion ; as 
 
 Legate Legation, Expanse Expansion.
 
 45 
 
 7. Most words ending in fy, which is a contraction of 
 facio or fio, after changing y into i, take cation ; as 
 
 Dei/y Deification, Gratify, Gratification. 
 Except Stupefy, with few others which makes Stupe/ac- 
 tion. 
 
 8. Many words of Latin origin in ate, drop te, before 
 ble; as 
 
 Estimate Estimao/e, Agitate AgitaoZc. 
 The same class of words not admitting ble, take cy, in 
 its place ; as 
 
 Accurate Accuracy, Adequate Adequacy. 
 cy, is common to words in ance and ence, by dropping e 
 final, and adding y. 
 
 9. Words which take ize, as a suffix, commonly add 
 ation ; as 
 
 Civil, Civih>e, Civilization. 
 Some others take ation, without ize ; as 
 
 Sense Sensation, Exalt Exaltation. 
 
 SECTION X. 
 
 A brief examination as to the regular formation of derivative 
 words in general. 
 
 Manage ed er ing ment able, ness. Rule 
 
 1,& 4. 
 ZTVimanage ed able. 
 Mismanage ed er ing ment. 
 Navigate ed or ing ion ble. Rule 6, & 8. 
 Renavigate ed ing. 
 Circumnavigate or ion ble. 
 Assign or ee ed ing ment able ation. 
 
 Rule 9. 
 Accord ed er ant ance able ing,ly. 
 Modify ed er ing able cation. Rule 7. 
 Affirm ed er ing able ably ant ance ation 
 
 ative,ly. 
 In this manner, a very numerous class of our primitive 
 words, form their derivatives from a single root. The word
 
 46 
 
 Press, in connexion with its prefixes, has no less than 
 eighty-three derivatives of the same regular formation. 
 
 But there is another class of words, apparently in view 
 of the English Scholar, either arbitrary or irregular in their 
 terminations, which are nevertheless equally systematic, 
 though not equally simple in the formation of their deriva- 
 tives. Such are more especially of Lat. origin, and the ap- 
 parent irregularity, arises from a formation growing out of 
 a different branch of the same root. And though the En- 
 glish Scholar may not exactly comprehend the whole pro- 
 cess, yet his mind will in part be relieved from the embar- 
 rassment. Take for example Adhesive. He will not 
 doubt it is derived from Adhere, whence is, ent ence ency 
 er. These are regular. Now the Lat. Adhereo makes its 
 supine Adhesum, whence according to Sec. 3, is tion or 
 sion as the supine is turn or sum. Hence from this branch 
 of the same original root, Adhesum forms Adhes ion, Ad- 
 hesive, Adhesively, Adhesiveness ; as regularly as the first 
 formations are. Accede, is of the same order and forms 
 accede ed ing. Then from Accessum, sec. 3. comes Ac- 
 cession, and forms Accession al c ary,ness t ory,ness,al,ly ; 
 all regular formations. Rule 3. 
 
 Intelligence, Intellect and Intellectualist, are of the same 
 order. From the Latin participle, Intelligens, comes Intel- 
 ligence er ed ing 4 ent 4 ible,ness t ibility ,ibly. Rule 3. 
 
 Now from the Latin perfect participle Intellectus, comes 
 Intellect, whence Intellectjon 4 ive. Next the Latin supine 
 Intellectu, whence is derived Intellectual ist ity ly. 
 
 In such words as explain, expect, fatigue, &c, we arrive 
 at a, in expectation, explanation, fatigaJzon, &c, through 
 the medium of the Latin participles, explanatus, expectatus, 
 and fatigatus ; but in some other words such as grade, a 
 comes direct through the medium of the noun gradatio. 
 Gradus forms gradu, whence we derive gradual ity ly ate, 
 ed, ing, ion, or. 
 
 Words of Lat. origin in ble, seem, either from accident or 
 otherwise, to have the simple addition of ble to the Imp. 
 Mode, first. Conj. second person singular, as Naviga ble, 
 Numera ble, Demonstrao/e, Predica ble, Administra ble, &c. 
 and in general the spelling able or ible is governed by the 
 Lat. conjugations. The first makes able or ble all the oth-
 
 47 
 
 ers ible ; as InterminaWe, Impregnate, Legible, Audible, 
 Sensible. 
 
 Method, Metaphor, Meteor and the like, are regular for- 
 mations ; as Method ism ize ic,al„ly ist,ic„al ; except when 
 a primitive taking ize, ends with a vowel, t is added ; as 
 Stigmatize Dogma, tize. 
 
 Form, makes form al,ism,ist,ity,ize,ly ed er ing ful less ; 
 and formatio, makes formation ,tivc. 
 
 The suffixes ous, ness, less, ful, ish, ism, age, en, ure, can 
 hardly be mistaken, as Glory, Gloriows. Good, Goodness. 
 Life, Lifeless. Play, Playful. Sweet, Sweetish. Tory, 
 Toryism. Parent, Parentage. Soft, Soften. Fail, Failure. 
 In some cases urc is less obvious as 'Tenure from Teneo. 
 
 In this work, the root and each branch whence all the 
 derivatives arise, will be given, so far as the Latin is con- 
 cerned. So that each primitive word may be carried out 
 through all its derivative forms, or traced back to its simple 
 root, and discover how the primitive signification has been 
 expanded into such a variety of figurative applications. 
 
 On examination of something like seven hundred and 
 thirty words, whose suffixes are carried out in this book, 
 giving at least ten thousand derivatives, the regularity of for- 
 mation will be still more obvious. 
 
 This fact also, if duly regarded by teachers, will enable 
 them to perfect their pupils in the correct orthography of 
 derivative words, with far greater facility, and a far less 
 tax on memory. To accomplish this, it is only necessary 
 to learn distinctly, the true spelling of the several 
 suffixes in their separate state, which may be done, 
 almost at a single lesson. The spelling of the simple 
 primitive can hardly be missed ; to which the joining of 
 the several suffixes, completes the derivative word under 
 most of its forms. It is true, there are many exceptions ; 
 but it is equally true there are not less than thirty 
 thousand words, whose spelling, as to their suffixes is 
 the same, letter for letter.
 
 48 
 
 SECTIOX XI. 
 
 Special Rules for the Prefixes, which must be distinctly 
 understood, both by the Teacher and the Student. 
 
 Many words, so far as respects the English Language, 
 are primitives ; yet in that language from which they are 
 derived, they are either compound, or derivative words. 
 Such especially are words of Greek and Latin origin. For 
 example, Abscond, so far as our language alone is concern- 
 ed, is a primitive word, because we have no such English 
 word as scond. But in the Latin, from which it is derived, 
 the word is a compound, from the preposition abs, con 
 Sf do. Also Advert, in English, is primitive, but, in Latin 
 from which it is derived, it is compounded of ad, meaning 
 to, and Verto, to turn. Hence Advert signifies to turn to. 
 Suppose the word to stand thus : a re Ad,vert. Now take 
 away ad, and substitute a, which is another Latin preposi- 
 tion, and it becomes A,vert, and literally means to turn away. 
 Again drop a, and substitute re, in its place, and it becomes 
 Re,vert, signifying to turn back. Hence it must not be for- 
 gotten by the student, that in all cases, when one prefix is to 
 be dropped, and another substituted in its place, the primi- 
 tive word will be printed thus Con.vert, Ac,cord, Ex,clude, 
 De,flect ; and that part of the word which precedes the 
 comma, must be dropped, when another prefix is to be used. 
 
 Example. 
 
 at dis de re pro. Contract, to draw together. 
 
 Now drop con, and substitute pro, and it becomes Pro- 
 tract, to draw out. Again drop pro, and substitute re, and 
 it forms .Retract, to draw back. In the same manner de, 
 forms Detract, to draw away from. Also dis, makes De- 
 tract, to draw apart, or separate ; and at, forms Attract, to 
 draw to, or unite. 
 
 When no part of the primitive word is separated by a 
 comma, the combination is simply to drop one prefix, and 
 join another, according to the following : 
 
 Example. 
 ad pre mis fore re. Judge.
 
 49 
 
 Now re, combined, makes i?ejudge, and each prefix in its 
 turn, forms the words /orejudge, misjudge, prejudge and 
 adjudge. 
 
 As many of the prefixes combine with each other the 
 following examples will show the manner of combining 
 them in this work. Take Inspect, 
 un un 
 
 a circum de 
 
 un 
 
 re super 
 
 mtro per pro su 
 dis ir un 
 
 In,spect, to look on or view. 
 
 retro re. 
 
 Explained thus. Each prefix under the horizontal line, 
 or standing alone, unites with the primitive word, in the 
 same manner as in Contract and Judge ; but the prefix or 
 prefixes above the horizontal line, unite with the prefix un- 
 der the line, while that prefix remains united to the primi- 
 tive. Thus, Super and re standing above the line in con- 
 nexion with In, combine with it, and form Superinspect, 
 and reinspect. de standing alone takes the place of In, 
 and forms despection. circum, under the line makes cir- 
 cumspect, and un over the line, forms wncircwmspect. In 
 
 un 
 the same manner a make aspect and unaspective. 
 un 
 
 su , form suspect and unsuspecting. pro, per, intro, and 
 
 dis ir un 
 
 retro, being alone combine as in contract, while re 
 
 make respect, disrespect, irrespective, and wnrespected. 
 
 Take another example, 
 fore un pre 
 
 ad pre. Monition. These make premonition and 
 admonition, then fore, un, and pre, above the line over ad, 
 form, /ore-admonition, pre-admonition, and wiadmonished. 
 If these directions are distinctly understood, and duly ob- 
 served, there can be no mistake in the epplication of the 
 prefixes. Every thing depends on the utmost precision in 
 this particular. On this point, the Teacher must be scru- 
 oulously exact, and the student as scrupulously attentive. — 
 
 5
 
 50 
 
 Another point to be observed in the prefixes, is their influ- 
 ence on the primitive word. The most of them are uniform 
 in their distinctive character of import, while a few, are 
 used in two or more senses, widely different. Such are 
 im, in, il, ir, &c. 
 
 These prefixes, more generally, when united to verbs, in- 
 crease, or strengthen the original meaning of the primitive 
 words, as Im press, In fold, II luminate Ir radiate. In 
 each case, additional force is given to press, fold, luminate, 
 and radiate, by prefixing im in il and ir. But when the 
 same prefixes are united to adjectives, and occasionally to 
 some other parts of speech, they entirely reverse or change 
 the primitive signification, as Im possible, In sensible, II 
 legible, Ir rational. Each word now meaning the same as 
 not possible, not sensible, not legible, and not rational 
 Also de, e, ex, are used, sometimes to take something from 
 the primitive word, as de. fame, ex onerate, elapse, which 
 signify to deprive of fame, to free from load, and to slide 
 away. And the same prefixes in other instances, add more 
 or less to the primitive import, as deprave, excess, evince. 
 Now let it be remembered in the case of all such prefixes 
 as above named, when they in any manner add more force 
 to the signification, or merely render its import more em- 
 phatical, such prefix, or prefixes, are uniformly in this book, 
 printed in the Italic character, and in no other case. For 
 example im plant, in fold, ir radiate, ex tend, im possible, 
 in formal, ir religious, ex elude. The Italics only, show 
 a strengthened signification. This simple arrangement, 
 will prevent mistakes in the teacher, though not a classical 
 scholar himself, and prevent misapprehension in the stu- 
 dent. 
 
 It is now thought the Prefixes have been explained so 
 clearly, that no scholar of common capacity, who wishes 
 to understand and apply them correctly, need mistake, al- 
 though he may not be under the care of any teacher.
 
 51 
 
 SECTION XII. 
 
 Manner of Defining. 
 
 We will now endeavor to explain in a familiar way, the 
 manner of defining words by their prefixes and suffixes. — 
 And it is simply to speak out the primitive signification, in 
 connexion with the separate import of such prefixes 
 and suffixes, as constitute the whole word. Take fame, 
 which is the primitive, and means fre. Now in, as a pre- 
 fix, makes //aflame, and increases the import of the primi- 
 tive word, and literally means to put fire in, or to set on 
 fire. Again Inflammable — able, means capable of- — or capa- 
 ble of being. Hence join capable of being, to the meaning 
 of in, and fame, and the whole spoken out is, capable of be- 
 ing set on fire. Now let it stand Inflammability, and ability 
 means the quality capable of being. This expression, join- 
 ed in like manner, to what Inflame, means, it will be, In- 
 flammability, the quality capable of being set on fire. Next 
 add the second prefix, and let it be uninflammable, and 
 speak out the meaning of un, with what Inflammable means, 
 and the whole expression will be Uninflammable, not capa- 
 ble of being set on fire. Again take Uninflammableness, 
 ableness means the property capable of being. Now pro- 
 nounce the whole import, and Uninflammableness literally 
 signifies, the property not capable of being set on fire. Take 
 Delude, signifying to deceive, and it forms 
 
 Deluder. The person who deceives. 
 
 Delusion. The act of deceiving. 
 
 Delusive. Tending to deceive. 
 
 Redeem, signifies to ransom, ir, means not, and able, capa- 
 ble of being. Then Irredeemable means not capable of be- 
 ing ransomed. 
 
 Join, is a primitive word, and signifies to unite. Let it 
 stand thus with its prefixes, 
 re un 
 
 ad con re un dis sub mis se inter. Join. 
 
 ad means to, con with, together with, re again, un not, 
 dis parting, mis wrong, se separation, sub under, inter be- 
 tween. Then, .Adjoin, is joining to. Conjunction, is the
 
 52 
 
 act of joining with. Reconjunclion, the act of joining with 
 again. Unconjoined, not joined with, or together. .Rejoin- 
 ed, was joined again. Unjoined, was not joined. Disjoin, 
 parting what was joined. /Subjoin, to join under. Misjoin, 
 to join wrong. Rejoined, separated. Inter joining, continu- 
 ing to join between. 
 
 Pathetic, means like, ox pertaining to tenderness of ex- 
 pression. 
 
 Hope implies expectation, then Hopeful, full of expecta- 
 tion. Hopeless, without hope or expectation. 
 
 Blue, is a peculiar color, ish means a quality in some de- 
 gree like. Hence Bluish, a quality in some degree like Blue. 
 Brownish, a quality in some degree like Brown. 
 
 Prison is a place for confinement. Im prison, to put in 
 a place of confinement, imprisonment, the act of putting 
 in a place of confinement. 
 
 Mandate, expresses a command. Mandatory, containing 
 a command. 
 
 The primitive word, must in all cases be learned, then 
 speak out this primitive signification, in connection with 
 what all its component parts mean, and you have the pre- 
 cise and definite import of the entire word. A little care- 
 ful exercise will render it perfectly familiar, and give the 
 student, an entire, and ready command of language, and an 
 instantaneous mental perception, of the true import of 
 words, written or spoken. If he reads or hears Navigate, 
 or navigator, navigation, navigable. Renavigate, renaviga- 
 ted. Circumnavigate, circumnavigation, the sound can no 
 sooner fall on the ear, than the mind will perceive the dif- 
 ferent import of each word. The same must unavoidably 
 be true, in relation to every derivative word, whose primi- 
 tive, prefixes and suffixes are separately known. 
 
 SECTION XIII. 
 
 An Entire Example. 
 
 Press a prim. word. To press or urge by 
 
 weight, from Premo, pressum, to 
 press.
 
 53 
 
 Press er 
 Press ure 
 Press ed 
 Press ing 
 
 Press ion 
 Press ing ly 
 
 Over press 
 Counterpress ure 
 Com press 
 Com press ed 
 Com press ion 
 Com press ing 
 Com press ible 
 Com press ure 
 
 Com press ibil ity 
 
 Com press ible ness 
 
 Un com press ed 
 Un com press ible 
 In com press ibil ity 
 
 Re press 
 
 Re press ed 
 Re press ion 
 Re press ive 
 Re press ing 
 Re press er 
 Re press ive ly 
 
 Ir re press ible 
 
 De press 
 De press ed 
 De press ion 
 De press or 
 De press ible 
 
 the person who presses. 
 
 the result of pressing. 
 
 did press. 
 
 continuing to press, with reference to 
 time when. 
 
 the act of pressing. 
 
 in a manner like pressing, or in a 
 pressing manner. 
 
 to press too much. 
 
 opposite pressure. 
 
 to press together. 
 
 was pressed together. 
 
 the act of pressing together. 
 
 continuing to press together. 
 
 capable of being pressed together. 
 
 the result of being pressed together, 
 or the act, &c. 
 
 the quality capable of being pressed 
 together, or the capacity. 
 
 the property or quality capable of be- 
 ing pressed together. 
 
 was not pressed together. 
 
 not capable of being pressed together. 
 
 the quality not capable of being press- 
 ed together. 
 
 to press again, put down, subdue, or 
 quell. 
 
 was pressed again, or, &c. 
 
 the act of pressing again, &c. 
 
 tending to press again, &c. 
 
 continuing to press again, &c. 
 
 the person who presses again, &c. 
 
 in a manner like pressing again, &c, 
 or in a repressive manner. 
 
 not capable of being pressed again, 
 &c. 
 
 to press down, or bear down. 
 
 was pressed down. 
 
 the act of pressing down. 
 
 the person who presses down. 
 
 capable of being pressed down. 
 5 #
 
 54 
 
 De press ing 
 Ex press 
 Ex press ed 
 Ex press ion 
 Ex press ible 
 
 Ex press ure 
 
 Ex press ive 
 Ex press ing 
 Ex press ly 
 
 Ex press ive ly 
 
 Ex press ive ness 
 
 In ex press ible 
 In ex press ive 
 In ex press ibly 
 
 In ex press ibility 
 
 Un ex press ed 
 Un ex press ible 
 
 Un ex press ive 
 Im press 
 Im press ed 
 Im press ion 
 Im press ing 
 Im press ive 
 Im press ure 
 Im press ible 
 Im press ment 
 Impress ive ly 
 
 Im press ive ness 
 
 Im press ibil ity 
 
 Re im press 
 
 continuing to press down. 
 
 to press out, or utter by words 
 
 was uttered by words, or, &c. 
 
 the act of uttering by words, &c. 
 
 capable of being uttered by words, 
 &c. 
 
 the result of having been uttered by 
 words, &c, or the utterance. 
 
 tending to utter by words, &c. 
 
 continuing to utter by words. 
 
 like uttering by words, or in an ex- 
 press manner. 
 
 in a manner like uttering by words, 
 or in an expressive manner. 
 
 the property or quality capable of be- 
 ing uttered by words. 
 
 not capable of being uttered by words. 
 
 not tending to utter by words, &c. 
 
 in a manner not capable of being ut- 
 tered by words. 
 
 the quality not capable of being ut- 
 tered by words. 
 
 was not uttered by words 
 
 not capable of being uttered by 
 words. 
 
 not tending to express by words. 
 
 to press in, or imprint 
 
 was pressed in, &c. 
 
 the act of pressing in. 
 
 continuing to press in, &c. 
 
 tending to press in. 
 
 the result of pressing in. 
 
 capable of being pressed in. 
 
 the act of pressing in. 
 
 in a manner like pressing in, or in an 
 impressive manner. 
 
 the property capable of beng pressed 
 in, or capacity, &c. 
 
 the quality capable of being pressed 
 in. 
 
 to press in again, &c.
 
 55 
 
 Re im press ed was pressed in again. 
 
 Re im press ion the act of pressing in again 
 
 Re im press ing continuing to press in again. 
 
 Un im press ive not tending to press in. 
 
 Op press to press against, to bear down. 
 
 Op press ed was pressed against, or, &c. 
 
 Op press ion the act of pressing against, &c. 
 
 Op press or the person who presses against, &c. 
 
 Op press ing continuing to press against, &c. 
 
 Op press ive tending to press against, &c. 
 
 Op press ive ly in a manner like pressing against, or 
 in an oppressive manner. 
 
 Op press ive ness the quality of pressing against, &c. 
 
 In op press ive not tending to press against, &c. 
 
 Sup press to press under or to bring under. 
 
 Sup press ed was pressed under, &c. 
 
 Sup press ion the act of pressing under. 
 
 Sup press or the person who presses under. 
 
 Sup press ing continuing to press under. 
 
 Sup press ive tending to press under. 
 
 In sup press ion not pressing under. 
 
 In sup press ible not capable of being pressed under. 
 
 Un sup press ed was not pressed under. 
 
 SECTION XIV. 
 
 This first exercise, is designed particularly for children 
 in common schools, presenting the simplest arrangement in 
 forming and defining derivative words. 
 
 All the prefixes and suffixes are printed in Italics, so that 
 the scholar may distinguish them by the eye, from the 
 primitive word. 
 
 Let the scholar commence by spelling and defining Mix, 
 with all its derivatives. Thus, 
 
 Mix, to mingle. 
 Mixed, did mingle or was mingled. 
 Mixer, the person who mingles. 
 Mixing, continuing to mingle (at a certain 
 time.) 
 (un means not ) Tin mixed, was not mingled.
 
 56 
 
 Now spell each of the following words, and define them 
 in the same manner as Mix, carefully observing by the ital- 
 ics, what parts are added to the primitive word, and what 
 meaning they give to it. Let the Teacher put the ques- 
 tions distinctly, and observe that the scholar has a correct 
 understanding of the process. 
 
 Bake 
 
 Mark 
 
 Wish 
 
 Wash 
 
 Nail 
 
 Baked 
 
 Marked 
 
 Wished 
 
 Washed 
 
 Nailed 
 
 Baker 
 
 Marker 
 
 Wisher 
 
 Washer 
 
 Nailer 
 
 Baking 
 
 Marking 
 
 Wishing 
 
 Washing 
 
 Nailing 
 
 Unbaked, 
 
 Unmarked 
 
 , ZTnwished, 
 
 Unwashed, 
 
 Z7nnailed. 
 
 Now carry out the following words, 
 Place, Twist, Tax, Hate, Tune, Part, Roll, Help, Vex. 
 
 less. Means without or destitute of. Fruit, with less 
 
 added, forms Fruit/ess, and means without fruit, 
 or destitute of fruit. 
 
 Now what does Formless mean, and house- 
 Jew, lifeZes.?, endless, hopeless, (earless grace- 
 less, boundless, blameless, faithless, tasteless. 
 
 ful. Means full of, full or abundance. Fruit with 
 
 ful, added, forms fruitful, and means full of 
 fruit or abundance of fruit. 
 
 What do the following words mean 1 Hope- 
 ful, (earful, graceful, useful, blameful, painful, 
 careful, needful, playful, shameful, tuneful, 
 peaceful. 
 
 Observe how ful, and less, change the 
 meaning of the word. Guileful is full of guile ; 
 but guileZe.?.? is without guile. 
 
 ish Means in some degree like, or somewhat. 
 
 Green with ish, added, makes greenish, and 
 means in some degree like green, or somewhat 
 green. 
 
 Now what is the meaning of heathenisn, 
 wolfish, brownish, brutish, bluish, darkisn, fop- 
 pish, soitish, sourish, sweetish, clownisn, apish, 
 waggish, knavish. 
 
 ly. Means like, or in a manner. Man, with ly, 
 
 added, makes manly, and means like a man, or 
 in a man-like manner.
 
 57 
 
 Now define, womanZy, kingZy, princeZy, 
 swiftZy, speediZy, faintZy, madZy, roughZy, gen- 
 tleman/y. 
 ness. Means, the quality of, or the abstract quality 
 
 of, or the state. 
 
 Sweet, with ness, added, forms sweetness, 
 and means that quality found in sugar, honey, 
 &c, or the * abstract quality of any thing sweet, 
 wherever it is found. 
 
 Goodness, means the quality of any thing 
 that is good. 
 
 Now define, coldness, softness, greatness, 
 weakness, roughness. 
 
 Bloodiness, is the state of being bloody, so 
 baldness, hoarseness, comeliness, plainness 
 emptiness. 
 
 These, with some exceptions, mean the per- 
 son who, or the agent which. 
 
 Learn, with er, added, means the person who 
 learns. Now explain Instructor, tutor, moral- 
 ist, republican, musician, legatee, trustee, auc- 
 tioneer, assignee, lioness, peeress, instructress, 
 exectutor, executrix, maker, hearer, encomiast, 
 heroine, canaaniZe, formalist, logician, chemist, 
 philosopher, reader, baroness poetess, protect- 
 or, administratrix, actor, 
 able ible. Mean capable of, capable of being, or that 
 
 may be. 
 
 Pay, when able is added, makes payaoZe, and 
 means capable of being paid, or that may be 
 paid. 
 
 Now define, TeachaoZe, taxaoZe, eataoZe, 
 movaoZe, imitaoZe, expressi'6Ze, culpaoZe, quench- 
 able, credible, matchaoZe, flexible, blamaoZe, 
 mutaoZe. 
 
 Abstract means drawn from, or separated from.
 
 58 
 
 ability 
 ableness 
 ibility 
 ibleness. 
 
 ous. 
 
 lve. 
 
 ion ment. 
 
 These mean the property or quality capa- 
 ble of being, that may be ; capacity or state. 
 
 Blame, with ableness added, makes blam- 
 ableness, and means the quality that may be 
 blamed. 
 
 Flexibility, means the quality that may be 
 bent. 
 
 Now define commendableness, perceptivity 
 xesistibility , placability, inflammaWeness, divis- 
 ibility, penetrability, destructibility, compre- 
 hensibility, combuslibleness, malleability, intel- 
 ligibleness. 
 
 Means partaking of, consisting of, resembling 
 or full of. 
 
 Slander, with ous added, forms slanderous, 
 and means partaking of, or consisting of slan- 
 der. Tumultuous, means full of tumult. 
 
 Now explain invidious, tempestuous, neces- 
 sitous, murderous, piteous, plenteous, riotous, 
 hazardous, villainous, resinous, ponderous, tim- 
 orous, clamorous, mischievous. 
 
 Means having a tendency to, the power of, na- 
 ture of, &c. 
 
 Effect with ive added, forms effective and 
 means having the power of accomplishing 
 something. 
 
 Deceptive, means having a tendency to de- 
 ceive. 
 
 Now tell the meaning of, restorative, pro- 
 ductive, retentive, delusive, expressive, palliat- 
 ive, explicative, operative, diffusive, convulsive, 
 oppressive, incentive, compulsive, subversive, 
 corrosive, preservative. 
 
 Mean the act of, state of being, place or 
 thing. 
 
 Abase with ment added forms abasement, and 
 means the act of humbling, or state of being 
 humbled. 
 
 Depress, with ion, makes depression, de
 
 59 
 
 means down, then depression is the act of 
 pressing down, or state of being pressed down. 
 
 Now explain concealment, creation, defile- 
 ment, desertion, reduction, formation, subject- 
 ton, cessation, imprisonment, enforcement, ex- 
 citement, congealmen^, privation, discussion, 
 immersion. 
 ic al. Most generally mean pertaining to, or like. 
 
 Form, with al added, makes forma/, and means 
 pertaining to form, or according to form. 
 
 Heroic, is like a hero or pertaining to a hero. 
 
 Now define, national, naturaZ, academicaZ, 
 devotionaZ, metaphoric academic, poetic, athe- 
 istic, scholastic, deisticaZ, poeticaZ, metaphoric- 
 al, academicaZ, electricaZ. 
 ize. Signifies, to do, to make, to perform, to give, 
 
 or assimilate. 
 
 Legal, with ize added, forms Legalise, and 
 signifies to make lawful. Authorize to give au- 
 thority to. 
 
 Now explain, equalize, brutalize civilize, mor- 
 alize, pulverize, sterilize, realize, humanize, 
 methodize, fertilize. 
 ism. Means principles, state, or what is peculiar to. 
 
 Method, with ism added, forms methodism, 
 and means the principles, or doctrines of Meth- 
 odists. 
 
 Anglicism, is what is peculiar to the English 
 idiom. 
 
 Naturalism, is the mere state of nature. 
 
 What is Jesuitism, Catholicism, republican- 
 ism, Vandalism, presbyterianism, puritanism, 
 sectarianism, federalism, patriotism, gallicism, 
 en fy. Signify to make, or made of. 
 
 Hard with en, forming harden means to make 
 hard, or more hard. Wooden, means made of 
 wood. 
 
 Happy, (y changed to i, and^y added,) makes 
 happi/y, and means to make happy. 
 
 Now define deepen, lighten, slacken, widen, 
 weaken, flaxen, woolen, hempen, silken, earthen,
 
 60 
 
 waxen, beechen, Glori/y, forti/y, sancti/y, Dei/y, 
 rati/y, modi/y, puri/y, beati/y, justi/y, stupe/y, 
 falsi/y, clari/y, fructify, moli/y. 
 ity cy ty. Mean the state, condition or state of. 
 
 Obdurate, makes obduracy, the state of being 
 hard of heart, or unfeeling. Humility, the 
 state of being humble. 
 
 Now what is supremacy, delicacy, intricacy, 
 solidly, fertility, stupidly, hostility, tranquility, 
 hood. Means the state of, or office. 
 
 Child, with hood added, means the state of a 
 child. 
 
 Priest/iooc?, is the office of a priest. 
 
 What is boyhood, manhood, knighthood, hard- 
 ihood. 
 ship. Means state or office. What is professor- 
 
 ship, consulship, partnership, relations/iip, legis- 
 latorsnip. 
 ance ancy > Mean the state, condition, act of, or thing. 
 ence ency. $ ing, will aid in giving the meaning. 
 
 Depend, means to hang down, (literally) and 
 ence added, forms dependence, and means the 
 state of hanging- down from some supporter. 
 
 Performance, is the act of doing something 
 or the thing done. 
 
 Now define ignorance, allowance, occupancy, 
 ascendency, deficiency, coincidence, concurrence, 
 confluence, competence, persistence, clemency, 
 despondency, delinquency, solvency, reliance. 
 ant ent. Either mean a person, or express acting or 
 
 doing, in some sense like words ending with 
 ing. 
 
 Preside, forms president, the person presid- 
 ing. 
 
 Defendant, is a person. Refulgent, is shin- 
 ing. 
 
 What is Assailant, accountant, combatant, 
 disputant, agent, student, adherent, triumphant, 
 vigilant, absorbent, component, abstinent, ap- 
 parent.
 
 61 
 
 SECTION XV. 
 
 Second Exercise. 
 
 Suffixes, subjoined to different words, in classes, as an 
 exercise for children, where repetition will strengthen the 
 memory and render the mode of defining familiar. To be 
 often repeated, 
 ful. Full of, full, an abundance. 
 
 fully. In a manner full of, or in a manner. 
 
 fullness. The quality of being full of, or state, 
 
 less. Without, or destitute of. 
 
 lessly. In a manner without, or in a manner. 
 
 lessness. The quality or state of being without. 
 
 Now apply the above definitions to the following words, 
 and observe the commas. 
 
 Faith ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. Rule 4. 
 
 Health ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. 
 
 Pity ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. Rule 2. y changed to i. 
 
 Hope ful,ly,ne°.s less,ly,ness. 
 
 Mercy ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. Rule 2. y changed to i 
 
 Art ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. 
 
 Care ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. 
 
 Need ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. 
 
 Fear ful,ly,ness les3,ly,ness. 
 
 Shame ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. 
 
 Respect ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. 
 ish. In some degree like, or somewhat. 
 
 • , , In a manner some degree like, or in a 
 
 manner somewhat like, 
 ishness. The quality in some degree like. 
 
 Define the primitive, then join each suffix, and define the 
 whole. 
 
 Fool ish,ly,ness. Clown ish,ly,ness. 
 
 Heathen ish,ly,ness. Ape ish,ly,ness. 
 
 Slave ish,ly,ness, Sot tish,ly,ness. 
 
 Knave ish,ly,ness. Brine ishmess. 
 
 Brute ish,ly,ness. Slut tish,ly,ness. 
 
 Child ish,ly,ness. White ish,ness. 
 
 6
 
 ing 
 ingly 
 
 62 
 
 Continuing to, (Referring to the time 
 
 when.) 
 In a manner, (repeat the word in the 
 
 blank.) 
 ingness. The quality of being. 
 
 Example 
 
 Loving/y, in a (loving) man- Lastingree^, the quality of 
 
 ner. being durable. 
 
 Grieve ing,ly. Admire ing,ly. Doubt ing,ly. 
 
 Frown ing,ly. Despair ing,ly. Fawn ing.ly. 
 
 Surprise ing,ly. Enchant ing.ly. Agonize ing,ly. 
 
 Loathe ing,ly. Pine ing.ly. Love ing,ly. 
 
 Charm ing,ly. Despair ing,ly. Last ing,ly. 
 
 ic > 
 
 , > Pertaining to, relating to, like. 
 
 ical. (The same as above.) 
 
 . ,, In a manner pertaining to, or in a 
 
 y* manner. 
 
 Deist ic,al„ly. Democrat ic,al„ly. Method ic,al„ly. 
 
 Drama tic,al„ly. Poet ic,al„ly. Metaphor ic,al„ly. 
 
 Druid ic,al„ly. Angel ic,al„ly. Alphabet ic,al„ly. 
 
 Mechanic al ,ly. Atheist ic,al,,ly. Grammat ic,al„ly. 
 able 
 ible. 
 
 ably ) In a manner that may be, or in a- 
 ibly. ) manner. 
 
 .. , I The property or quality that may be, &c. 
 
 Move able,ness ably. Corrupt able,ness ably. 
 
 Change able,ness ably. Demonstrate ble,ness bly. 
 
 Censure able,ness ably. Perceptible ibly ( ibility. 
 
 Charge able,ness ably. Honor able,ness ably. 
 
 Adore able,ness ably. Blame able.ness ably. 
 
 Tame able,ness. Commend able,ness ably. 
 
 ive. Tending to, the power of, or the nature of. 
 
 , In a manner tending to, or in a man- 
 
 lvely * ner. 
 
 . The quality tending to, or having the pow- 
 
 er of. 
 
 > That may be, &c.
 
 63 
 
 Diffuse ive,ly,ness. Oppress ive,ly,ness. 
 
 Attract ive,ly,ness. Coerce ive,ly. 
 
 Destructive ly ness. Cohesive ly ness. 
 
 Compulsive ly ness. Abusive ly ness. 
 
 ous. Partaking of, like, full of. 
 
 , In a manner partaking of, like, or, in a 
 
 ^' manner. 
 
 ousness. The quality partaking of, like, or state. 
 
 Danger ous,ly,ness. Melody ous,ly,ness. 
 
 Injury ous,ly,ness. Rule 2. Murder ous.ly. 
 Efficacy ous,ly,ness. Slander ous,ly,ness. 
 
 Perfidy ous,ly,ness. Plenty ous,ly,ness. Rule 2. 
 
 Grieve ous,ly,ness. Malicious ly ness. 
 
 Glory ous,ly,ness. Ruin ous,ly,ness. 
 
 To do, to make like, to perform, or assim- 
 lze - ilate. 
 
 ized. Did make, &c, or was. 
 
 izing. Continuing to make, &c. 
 
 ization. The act of making, &c. 
 
 Real ize,ed,ing,ation. Pulverize ed ing ation. 
 
 Civil ize,ed,ing,ation. Equalize ed ing ation. 
 
 Author ize,ed,ing,ation. Colonize ed ing ation. 
 
 Moral ize,ed,ing,ation. Epitomize ed ing ation. 
 
 Human ize,ed,ing,ation. Naturalize ed ing ation. 
 
 Organ ize,ed,ing,ation. Modern ize,ed,ing,ation. 
 
 ment. The act of, the state of being, or thing. 
 
 Confine ment. Attain ment. 
 
 Advance ment. Acquire ment. 
 
 Enlarge ment. Enroll ment. 
 
 Abase ment. Infringe ment. 
 
 Retire ment. Allot ment. 
 
 Excite ment. Prefer ment. 
 
 Atone ment. Elope ment. 
 
 To, as Desolate to destroy, or the quality 
 ate. of 
 
 ated. Did or was. 
 
 ation. The act of, &c. 
 
 Continuing to, (with reference to time 
 & when.) 
 
 atory. Containing, the nature of, or tending to.
 
 ant 
 ent 
 
 64 
 
 Accelerate ed ing ion ory. Narrate ed ing ion ory. 
 Obligate ed ing ion ory. Expostulate ed ing ion ory. 
 
 Indicate ed ing ion ory. Dilate ed ing ion ory. 
 
 (The judicious use of) ing, or the person. 
 ent, in many words, has a very simi- 
 ilar import to a present Participle. 
 
 / I In a manner &c, or in a manner. 
 
 ently. y ' 
 
 Indulge ent, is yields'?* g. 
 Indulgently in a yielding manner. 
 Recumbenf, leaning, reclining. 
 Defendant, the person who defends. 
 Accordant, agreeing to or with. 
 Confide?*/;, trustmo- with. 
 
 Depend ent. Differ ent. Emerge ent. 
 
 Concur rent. Reside ent. Cohere ent. 
 
 Assist ant. Repent ant. Absorb ent. 
 
 -, , I That may be, &c. 
 
 h'lt'v \ ^e P ro P ert y or quality that maybe, &c. 
 
 Penetrate ble bility. Rule 8. Digest ible ibility. 
 
 Change able ability. Culpa t ble <bility. Rule. 3 
 
 Commute able ability. Fallible ^ility. 
 
 Compress ible ibility. Credible 4 bility. 
 
 Resist ible ibility. Proba 4 blo <bility. 
 
 Defense ible ibility. Possible ( bility. 
 
 Access ible ibility. Combustible t bility. 
 
 Accept able ability. Invincible ability. 
 
 Contract ible ibility. Admissible <bility. 
 
 ance ancy ) The state, condition, or result. Some- 
 ence ency. y times the act of, or thing. 
 
 Accord ance. Cohere ence ency. 
 
 Appear ance. Differ ence. 
 
 Disturb ance. Depend ence ency. 
 
 Conform ance. Confide ence. 
 
 Achieve ance. Revere ence. 
 
 Affirm ance. Attend ance. 
 
 Defy ance- Concur rence rency
 
 65 
 
 ed. 
 
 edly. 
 
 edness. 
 
 Did or was. 
 
 In a mannner. (Repeat the word 
 
 where the blank is.) 
 The quality of being, or state, &c. 
 
 Example. 
 
 Guarded/y, in a (guarded) Conceited/less, the state of 
 manner. being conceited. 
 
 In a manner learned, or in (a learned) 
 manner. 
 
 Learnedly. 
 
 Remove ed,ness. 
 Impoverish ed,ly,ness. 
 Invert ed,ly. 
 Content ed,ly,ness. 
 Convex ed,ly. 
 Refine ed,ly,ness. 
 Amaze ed,ly,ness. 
 
 al, is a very common suffix after ic. And after al, we 
 frequently have, ize ism ist ly ity, or some of them. De- 
 fine the followinsf. 
 
 Interrupt ed,ly. 
 Reserve ed,ly. 
 Guard ed,ly,ness. 
 Resolve ed,ly,ness. 
 Confuse ed,ly,ness. 
 Deform ed,ly,ness. 
 Conceit ed,ly,ness. 
 
 Natural ism ist ly ize. 
 Calvin ism ist,ic„al. 
 Magic al,ly. 
 Academic al,ly. 
 Hypocrit ic,al„ly. 
 
 Like, in a manner. 
 
 The quality like, or state. 
 
 Love ly,ness. 
 Rule 2. God ly,ness. 
 
 Neighbor ly.ness. 
 Lone ly,ness. 
 Coward ly,ness. 
 
 ship. The office of, state of, or territory. 
 
 Professor ship. Consul ship. 
 
 Legislate or.ship. Probation ship. 
 
 Part ner,ship. Chancellor ship. 
 
 Relation ship. Town ship. 
 
 6* 
 
 Democrat ic,al„ly. 
 Domestic al,ly 
 Partial ity ist ly ize. 
 Pedant ic,al„ly. 
 Atheist ic,al„ly. 
 
 liness. 
 
 Friend ly,ness 
 Ghost ly,ness. 
 Gentleman ly,ness 
 Man ly,ness. 
 Modest ly.
 
 66 
 
 Words ending in le are commonly suffixed with ed er 
 
 ing, or some of them, as, 
 
 Muffle ed er ing. Tipple ed er ing. 
 
 Fable ed er ing. Tackle ed ing. 
 
 Swindle ed er ing. Mantle ed er ing. 
 
 Tattle er ing. Ramble ed er ing. 
 
 Scuffle ed er ing. Scribble ed er ing. 
 
 Grumble ed er ing. Babble er ing. 
 
 fled. 
 
 fier. 
 
 tying- 
 
 fication. 
 
 en. 
 
 ened. 
 
 ening. 
 
 ener. 
 
 Clarify ed er ing cation. 
 
 Simplify ed ing cation. 
 
 Gratify ed er ing cation. 
 
 Modify ed er ing cation. 
 
 Salify ed ing cation. 
 
 Sanctify ed er ing cation 
 
 Notify ed ing cation. 
 
 Testify ed er ing cation. 
 
 some. 
 
 somely. 
 someness. 
 
 To make. 
 
 Did or was. Rule 2. 
 
 The person or thing. 
 
 Continuing to, &c. 
 
 The act of, &c. Rule 7. 
 
 To make, did or more. 
 
 Was made, &c. 
 
 Continuing to, &c. 
 
 The person, or thing, &c. 
 
 Sweet en,ed,er,ing. 
 Mad den,ed,ing. 
 Fresh en,ed. 
 Like en,ed,in£f. 
 Deep en,ed,ing. 
 Hard en,ed,ing,er. 
 Fat tcn,ed,ing,er 
 White en,ed,ing,er. 
 Possessing a degree of, or somewhat. 
 In a manner possessing a degree of, or in 
 
 a manner. 
 
 The quality possessing a degree of, or 
 state. 
 
 Trouble some,ly,ness. Loathe some,ly,ness. 
 
 Lone some,ly,ness. Fulsome ly ness. 
 
 Gladsome,ly,ness. Cumber some,ly,ness. 
 
 Delight some,ly,ness. Meddle some,ness. 
 
 Irk some,ly,ness. Humor some,ly. 
 
 There are but few worda in ion, to which additional suf- 
 fixes are united, and those commonly of the following char- 
 acter. 
 
 Nation al,ly,ity,ize,ness. Question er ary ist less able. 
 
 Portion ed er ing ist. Caution ed er ing ary.
 
 67 
 
 Passion less ary ate,ly. Notion al,ly,ity ist. 
 
 Station al ary er. Faction ary ist. 
 
 Action able ably ary. Pension ed er ing ary. 
 
 Pertaining to, the nature of, power of, or 
 ^ place where, 
 
 orily. In a manner pertaining to, or the nature of. 
 
 oriness. The quality pertaining to, &c. 
 
 Contradict ory,ly,ness. Observe atory. 
 
 Mandate ory. 
 Consola tory. 
 Prohibit ory. 
 
 ism. 
 
 Exculpate ory. 
 Deposit ory. 
 Expostulate ory. 
 The principles of, the state of, or pecu- 
 liar to. 
 
 Pagan ism. Federal ism. Method ism. 
 
 Heathen ism. Republican ism. Tory ism. 
 
 Puritan ism. Patriot ism. Anglicism. 
 
 ry \ 
 
 ary > Relating to, pertaining to. 
 
 lar. ) 
 
 Aliment ary. MuscuZar. TituZar. 
 
 Testament ary. Consular. Insular. 
 
 Element ary. Lunar. Jugular. 
 
 Supplement ary. Secular. Tubular. 
 
 Imagine ary. Globular. Circular. 
 
 Peasant ry. Mimic ry. Image ry. 
 
 cy 
 ity. 
 
 These imply the actual state, or real con- 
 dition ; or the quality converted into 
 a substance, and may be rendered the 
 state, condition, or quality. 
 Stupid, is a quality, stupidly, is a state. 
 
 Liberal ity. Prosper ity. Delicate cy.* 
 
 Equal ity. Fragil ity. Intricate cy. 
 
 Vital ity. Ductile ity. Obstinate cy. 
 
 Moral ity. Stupid ity. Accurate cy. 
 
 Mortal ity. Local ity. Obstinate cy. 
 
 Brutal ity. Hostile ity. Legitimate cy. 
 
 • te is dropped before cy, Rule 8.
 
 68 
 
 SECTION XVI. 
 
 Third Exercise. 
 
 An exercise in carrying trie primitive through its de- 
 rivative forms. 
 
 Communicate, To impart. 
 
 Compare, To liken things. 
 
 Compassion, Pity. 
 Defense, A protection. 
 Deject, To cast down. 
 Expect, To wait for. 
 
 Force, To compel. 
 
 Govern, To rule over. 
 
 Honor, To reverence. 
 
 Indicate, To point out. 
 Instruct, To teach. 
 
 Joy, Mirth. 
 
 Know, To understand. 
 Lax, Loose. 
 
 Method, A way or manner. 
 Narrate, To tell or rehearse 
 Obstruct, To block up. 
 r. , Pertaining to the 
 P °P ul ' ar ' people. 
 
 Quarrel, To contend. 
 Recognize, To recollect. 
 Remove, To change place. 
 Separate, To part. 
 
 Sense, Feeling, Reason. 
 
 Thought, Meditation. 
 
 ed ing ion ive,ness ory able,- 
 
 ness bility. 
 ed er ing ison ative,ly able 
 
 ably, 
 ary ate,ly,ness able, 
 ed less,ness ive,ly ible. 
 ed,ly,ness ing ion ly ory. 
 er ing ant ance ancy able 
 
 ation ative. 
 ed,ly,ness fuljy less ible,ness 
 
 ibly ing. 
 ed ing or ess ant ance able 
 
 ment,al. 
 ed er ing less able,ness ably 
 
 ary. 
 ed ing ion ive,ly or ory. 
 ed ing ion ive,ly,ness or ress 
 
 ible. 
 ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness ous,ly 
 
 ness. 
 er ing,ly able. 
 
 ly ness ity ation ative,ness. 
 ic,al„ly ist,ic„al ism ize. 
 ed ing ion ive,ly or ory able, 
 ed er ing ion ive. 
 ly ity ize,ed,ing 4 ate,ed,ing,ion- 
 
 t ous,ly,ness. 
 er ing ous some,ly,ness. 
 ed ing or ee ance able. 
 ed,ness er ing al able ability, 
 ed ing ly ion ness ist or ory 
 
 ble,ness bility. 
 ful less,ly,ness ation ible,ness 
 
 ibility itivedy. 
 ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness.
 
 €9 
 
 Traduce, To vilify. ed er ing,lyment ent ible tion 
 
 tive. 
 Use, To occupy, custom. ed ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness ance 
 
 er age,er able ual,ly,ness. 
 Utter, To speak. ed er ing ance able. 
 
 Vapor, Moisture, elastic fluid. ate,ion able ability ed ize,ed,- 
 
 ing,ation ous,ly,ness. 
 Venerate, To reverence. ed ing ion or ble,ness bly 
 
 bility. 
 Wake, Not to sleep. ful,ly,ness er ing en,er,ing,ed. 
 
 Yield, To give up. ed er ing,ly,ness ance able,- 
 
 ness. 
 Yellow, A color. ness ish,ness. 
 
 Zeal, Engagedness. less ous,ly,ness ot,ic„al. 
 
 Zone, A girdle. ed less nar. 
 
 Accuse, To blame. ed er ing ant able ation 
 
 ative,ly atory. 
 Affirm, To assert positively, ed er ing able ably ant ance 
 
 ation ative,ly. 
 
 t. An assemblage of ) ous,ly,ness ful,ly,ness less 
 
 *' graces. $ fy,er,ing. 
 
 r, £. An act of kindness. ) ,. 
 Benefit, Tq do good £ ed ing. 
 
 Allow, To grant. ed er ing ance able,ness ably. 
 
 Manner of discovering Latin Roots. 
 
 When the English word is derived from a Latin deri- 
 vative, the prefix to the Latin root, is italicised, or the root 
 is given in addition. If the English word is from a Latin 
 noun, participle or supine, of regular formation, nothing 
 more is commonly necessary than to italicise the prefix, 
 and thus show the primitive ; which is usually done in the 
 following tables : — 
 
 For example, the English word Inscribe, is from the 
 Latin Znscribo, where in being italicised, leaves scribo un- 
 italicised as the root. So obstruct, is from ofcstructum, 
 where ob is likewise italicised, leaving structum, as the 
 regular supine from struo, its root. In this manner Latin 
 primitives and derivatives may generally be distinguished. 
 
 As this work is specially designed to aid English 
 scholars, who have no knowledge of the classics, and con-
 
 70 
 
 sequently could not trace out very remote derivations, it 
 was thought advisable for their benefit, to accommodate the 
 arrangement in this respect, to their understandings, by- 
 giving those words whose signification is greatly expanded, 
 under different heads, or repeating the root, in connection 
 with such prefixes, as in each case, would best correspond 
 with the several primitive meanings. 
 
 For example ; An,nounce, signifies, to publish or declare 
 to, and in natural connection is pronounce. But Renounce, 
 means to disown, or reject, and in accordance with this, is 
 denounce ; yet both words have the same root. Also 
 instruct, to teach, Construe to translate, structure, a build- 
 ing, obstruct, to block up, and destroy to pull down, are 
 from the same root, struo to build. All these words have 
 corresponding prefixes, and when relatively arranged the 
 whole becomes perfectly intelligible to the English 
 scholar. 
 
 The scholar must remember that some of the prefixes, 
 and especially un, rarely combine with the primitive word 
 till it has assumed some of its derivative forms ; as Faith 
 cannot be wnfaith, but unfaithful. 
 
 A little observation of the tables where all the suffixes 
 are carried out with the prefixes, will afford the best guide 
 on this point, re and un, are prefixed to adjectives and 
 participles almost at pleasure ; and are not always inserted 
 in this work where they might be used with propriety. 
 all, high and self, like prefixes, are extensively used in com- 
 position as ^4/Z-amazed, High-minded, <SeZ/"-sufficient, &c. 
 
 SECTION XVII. 
 
 Fourth Exercise. 
 
 All the prefixes used in this exercise mean as follows : — 
 
 un Means not or without, E/nalarmed, not 
 
 alarmed, or it means undoing, as un- 
 
 braid, to separate the threads. 
 
 mis. Means wrong, as Misbehave, to behave 
 
 wrong. 
 sub. under or beneath. -Swoastral, under the 
 
 stars or beneath the stars.
 
 semi 
 hemi 
 demi 
 
 mi in. 
 
 .} 
 
 il non. 
 
 inter, 
 ante, 
 post. 
 
 CO. 
 
 re. 
 
 out. 
 
 self. 
 
 over. 
 
 en. 
 
 dis. 
 
 71 
 
 one half. /Semi-diameter, half the diameter, 
 hemisphere, Demi-woU. 
 
 not, the want of, or without. Tnopulent, not 
 wealthy, or without wealth. Impro- 
 per, not proper. 
 
 not. //legal not legal, non-emphatic, not 
 emphatic. 
 
 between. Interlink, to link between. 
 
 before. Ante-meridian, before noon. 
 
 after. Postmeridian, after noon. 
 
 in connection with. Co-partner, a partner 
 in connection with. 
 
 again or back. Re-echo, to echo back. 
 Re-enpy, to enjoy again. 
 
 going beyond. OwMtnave, going beyond 
 in knavery. 
 
 One's owti person. Self-neglect, neglect 
 ing one's self. 
 
 too much. Over-noisy, too much noise. 
 
 in, or to make. En-circle, to circle in. 
 
 not or separating from. Dishonest, not 
 honest. Dis-memher, to separate a 
 limb. 
 
 Now let children spell, form and define, all the words in 
 this first exercise, till the whole process has become per- 
 fectly familiar. This will not only perfect them in spelling, 
 and defining the words in this Section, but will give them 
 a general view of the radical principles, in the formation 
 of all derivative words, not merely in this book, but in the 
 whole language, and by proper mental discipline, continued 
 in this manner, will, unavoidably ensure clearness of 
 thought, and perspicuity of expression for life. 
 
 ABBREVIATIONS. 
 
 /. stands for French— sax. for Saxon— norm. Norman— gr. Greek— 
 £.' German — d. Dutch— ir. Irish— it. Italian— sp. Spanish— w. Welch— 
 dan. Danish— gotk. Gothic. The Latin words are given when the 
 English word is directly or more remotely derived from Latin. When 
 two or more Latin words are given, it will be plainly perceivable from 
 which one each of the English derivatives are formed.
 
 72 
 
 tin. Abash. To make the spirits to fall, to make ashamed, 
 
 or confused, ed ing ment. un ed. 
 re. Accost, f. To speak to first, to address face to face, 
 
 to approach, ed ing able, 
 un. Alarm, f. An out cry, giving notice of danger, to 
 
 rouse or disturb with fear, ed ing.ly is,t. 
 
 un ed. 
 un. Answer, sax. To speak in return, to be equivalent 
 
 or suitable to, to reply. It has many senses. 
 
 ed er ing able,ness ably, un ed able,ness ably. 
 un. Argue, Arguo. To reason, debate or dispute, to 
 
 to prove or evince, ed er ing ment,al,able,- 
 
 ation,ative„ly. un ed. Rule 4. 
 un. Arrest, f. To take a person with a warrant, to stop 
 
 or hinder, ed er ing ment ation or. un ed. 
 sub. Astral, gr. Pertaining to the stars, sub. 
 un. Attire, norm. To dress, ornamental clothes, ed er 
 
 ing. un ed. 
 un. Bashful. Having a down cast look, modest, very 
 
 modest, ly ness. un. 
 mis. Behave, gr. To act, to conduct well or ill. ed ing 
 
 ior. mis ed ior. 
 un. Betray, sax. To deliver into the hands of another 
 
 by treachery, to disclose, mislead or deceive. 
 
 ed er ing. un ed. Rule 2. 
 un. Blame, f. To censure or rind fault with, a crime or 
 
 fault, ed er ing ful less,ly,ness able, ness 
 
 ably, un ed ablemess ably. 
 un. Blend, sax. To mix or mingle together, ed er ing. 
 
 un ed. 
 un. Bless, sax. To express a wish or desire to make 
 
 happy, to consecrate or set apart, er ing 
 
 ed,ly,ness. un. 
 un. Blunt, sax. Having a thick edge or point, abrupt, 
 
 wanting civility, ed ing ly ness. un ed. 
 un. Bribe, ir. A reward bestowed or offered, to pervert 
 
 judgment, that which seduces. er,y. un ed 
 
 able, 
 un. Brother, sax. A human male born of the same 
 
 parents, any one closely united, ly less 
 
 hood, un ly.
 
 73 
 
 un. Chastise, f. To punish, to correct, ed er ing able 
 merit, un ed. Castigo, to beat. 
 
 en. Circle, Circulus. A curve line bending round till 
 both ends meet, ed er ing. en ed ing. 
 
 over. Clamor, Clamor. A great out cry or noise. ous,ly,- 
 ness. over ous. 
 
 un. Clasp, ir. A hook for fastening, to close in the hand, 
 ed er ing. un ing. 
 
 un. Clip, sax. To cut off with shears or scissors, to cur- 
 tail, to diminish, ped per ping, un ped. 
 Rule 5. 
 
 un. Coil, f. To gather as a line or cord into a circular 
 form, ed ing. un ed. 
 
 un. Comely, sax. Becoming, suitable, handsome, grace- 
 ful, decent, ness. un ness. Rule 2. 
 
 un. Concern, f. To relate or belong to, to interest or 
 disturb, anxiety. ed,ly ing ment. un ed,ly,- 
 ness. Cerno, to see. 
 
 un. Contemn, Contemno. To dispise, slight or reject 
 with disdain, ed er ing. un ed. 
 
 dis. Continue, Co?itinuo. To remain in any place, to 
 last or endure, to extend. ed,ly er ing ity 
 ous al,ly,ness ance ation ator ative. dis 
 ed er ing ous ity ance ation. Teneo, to 
 hold. 
 
 un. Curb, f. Restraint, check, hinderance, a frame round 
 the mouth of a well, to restrain, ed ing. 
 un ed. 
 
 semi. Deist, Deus. One who believes in the existence of 
 a God, but denies a revelation. ic,al. semi 
 ical. De ( ity 4 ism. 
 
 un. Defy, f. To dare to combat or strife, to challenge, 
 ance atory er. un ed. 
 
 un. Defend. } ZMendo. To drive back or repel, to vin- 
 
 > dicate, to fortify. 
 
 self. Defense. ) Defensum. A .security against violence 
 
 or injury ed er ing ant able, un ed. ed ible 
 
 ive,ly less,ness ative. self. 
 un. Delight, f. and Delector. A high degree of pleasure, 
 
 to affect with pleasure, ed er ful,ly,ness less 
 
 some,ly,ne6s. un ed ful. 
 7
 
 74 
 
 un. Deny, f. To contradict, refuse, reject, disown, not 
 
 to yield, er al able, un able ably. 
 un. Deserve, Deservio. To merit, to be worthy of either 
 
 good or evil. ed,ly ing,ly er. un ed,ly,ness 
 
 ing,ly. Servus, a slave. 
 un. Desire, f. An emotion of the mind for the attain- 
 ment of some object, love, appetite, ed er 
 
 ing ous,ly,ness able,ness. un able. 
 un. Despise. To contemn, scorn or disdain, to have the 
 
 lowest opinion of. ed,ness ing,ly er al able. 
 
 un ed. De-Specio, to look down. 
 over. Difficult, Di/ficilis. Hard to be made or done, at- 
 tended with difficulty, not easily performed. 
 
 y. over. Facilis, easy. 
 un. Divulge, Divulgo. To make public, to disclose or 
 
 tell, ed er ing ation. un ed. Vulgus, the 
 
 common people. 
 re. Double, f. To fold, twice the sum, to increase twice as 
 
 much, y ed er ing ness. reeding. Duo, two. 
 un. Doubt, f. To waver in opinion, to hesitate, to 
 
 question or fear, ed er ing,ly ful,ly,ness 
 
 less,ly. un ed,ly ing. Dubitus, doubtful. 
 over. Earnest, sax. Eager to obtain, zealous, serious, first 
 
 fruits, a reality, ness ly. over. 
 re. Echo, Echo. Sound reflected from a solid body, to 
 
 resound, ed ing. re ed ing. 
 un. Elate, JSlatus. Raised, elevated in mind, proud, 
 
 haughty. ed,ly ing or ion. un ed. Fero, 
 
 latum, to carry, or bear. 
 un. Embellish, f. To adorn, beautify or decorate, to 
 
 to make elegant, ed er ing ment. un ed. 
 un. Embroider, f. To border with ornamental needle 
 
 work, ed er ing y. un ed. 
 Emanate, iiinano. To issue from a source, to flow 
 
 from, ing ion ive. Mano, to flow like drops. 
 non. Emphases, \ gr. A particular stress of voice given 
 > to certain words. 
 
 Emphatic. ) ( ize al,ly. non al. 
 Emulate, Aemulor. To strive to equal or excel, to 
 
 vie with, to rival, ed ing ion ive or ress. 
 
 Aemulus, vying with
 
 75 
 
 un. Endow, norm. To furnish with a portion of goods 
 or estate, to enrich or settle on, to indue, 
 ed er ing ment. un ed. 
 
 nn. Entertain, f. To receive and treat with hospi- 
 tality, to lodge, to please and amuse, ed 
 er ing,ly ment. un ed ing,ness. Teneo, to 
 hold. 
 
 un. Entrance, f. To put in a trance, to withdraw the 
 soul, enraptured, ed ing. dis ed ing. 
 
 un. Escort, f. A guard, a body of armed men protecting 
 something, ed ing. un ed. 
 
 un. Espy, f. To see at a distance, to discovor. un ed. 
 Specio, to look. 
 
 co. Eternal, Aeternus. Without beginning or end, im- 
 mortal, ist ize ly. Etern ity ify ize,ed,ing. 
 co al. 
 
 Un. Exempt, f. To be free or permit to be free from any 
 charge or burden, to free by privilege, ed 
 ing ion. un ed. Emo, to buy. 
 
 un Expect, £a-specto expectatum. To wait for, to look 
 for either good or evil, er ing ant ancy ance 
 able ation. un ed,ly,ness. Specio, to see or 
 look. 
 Expunge, JSxpungo. To blot out as with a pen, to 
 efface or erase, ed ing. Pungo, to prick or 
 sting. 
 
 un. Fade, f. To lose color, to decay, lose strength, to 
 vanish, ed ing,ness. un ed ing,ness. 
 
 un. Fair, sax. Clear from spots, beautiful, frank, honest, 
 plain, ly ness. un ly ness. 
 
 un. Faith, w. Belief, assent of the mind, trust, con- 
 fidence. ful,ly,ness less,ness. un ful,ly,- 
 ness. Fides, faith. 
 
 un. Familiar, Familians. Pertaining to a family, do- 
 mestic, easy in conversation, intimate, ity 
 ize,ed,ing ly. un ity. Familia, a family. 
 
 en. Feeble, sp. Weak, infirm, sickly, not loud, wanting 
 force, ness y. en ing ment. 
 
 semi. Fluid, Fluidus. Any substance whose parts move 
 easily like water, ity ness. semi. Fluo, 
 to flow.
 
 76 
 
 un. Forbear, sax. To stop, cease, delay, to abstain from, 
 
 to omit, ance er ing. un ing. 
 un. Forfeit, f. To lose by some fault, offense, or crime. 
 
 ed er ing ure able, un ed. 
 re. Fund, f. Stock or capital, money, income, abund 
 
 ance. re ed ing. 
 un. Furl, f. To draw up, to contract as sails, ed ing. 
 
 un ed. 
 un. Generous, Generosiis. Being of honourable birth, 
 
 noble, liberal, bountiful, ly ness. un ly. 
 
 Genus from Gigno. 
 un. Genteel, f. Polite, well bred, easy in manners and 
 
 behavior, ly ness. un ly. Genus, a race 
 
 or kind. 
 un. Gentle, Genus. Well born, mild, tame, meek, not 
 
 violent. man,ly ness. un man,ly ness. 
 un. Grant, norm. To admit as true what is not proved, 
 
 to allow, to yield, give or concede, ed or ee 
 
 ing able, un ed. 
 un. Greet, sax. To address with expressions of kind 
 
 wishes, to salute, ed er ing. Gratus, favor. 
 in. Gratitude, Gratitudo. An emotion of the heart to- 
 wards a benefactor, excited by a favor. 
 
 Gratus, a favor, grateful. 
 un. Hazard, f. Chance, accident, danger, peril, to ex- 
 pose to chance, ed er ing ous,ly able. 
 
 un ed. 
 un. Health, from heal. That state in which all the parts 
 
 of a living body are sound. ful,ly,ness 
 
 y,ness,ly less, un ful,ness y,ness,ly. 
 un. Heed, sax. To mind, to regard with care, caution, 
 
 care, ed ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. un y ed 
 
 ing ful. 
 un. Hesitate, Haesito. To stop or pause, to be in doubt 
 
 or suspense, to stammer. ing,ly ion t ant 
 
 t ancy. un ing,ly. Haereo, to stick. 
 dis. Honest, f. and Honor. Upright, just, fair in dealing, 
 
 frank, sincere, ly y. dis ly y. 
 un. Hope, sax. A desire of some good accompanied 
 
 with some expectation. To desire, ed ful,- 
 
 ly,ness less,ly,ness ing,ly. un ed ful.
 
 77 
 
 on. Infest, Infesto. To trouble greatly, to disturb, annoy 
 
 or harass, ed er ing ation. un ed. 
 Infringe, /nfringo. To break as a contract, to violate 
 
 or transgress, ed er ing ment. Frango, to 
 
 break. 
 un. Injure, f. To hurt or wound, to damage, to make 
 
 worse, ed er ing y,ous„ly„ness. un ed. 
 
 Jus, right or legal. 
 self. Indulge, Tradulgeo. To permit to be, to suffer, not to 
 
 check, ed er ing ence ency entjy. self 
 
 ence. 
 un. Insult, /nsultus. The act of leaping on, gross abuse 
 
 offered to another, insolence, ed er ing,ly 
 
 ation. un ed. Salio, to leap. 
 un. Interrupt, Riiptus, a breaking, Inter, between. To 
 
 stop or hinder by breaking in upon, to im- 
 pede motion. ed,ly er ing ion. un ed,ly. 
 
 Rumpo, to break. 
 Invent, f. /nvenio. To find out something new, to 
 
 devise or contrive, ed er ing ion ive or. 
 re. Iterate, Itero. To repeat, to utter or do a second 
 
 time, ed ing ion ive. un ed. Iterum, again. 
 over. Jealous, f. Fearing rivalship. y ly ness. over. 
 co. Jur 4 or, Jurator. One who serves on a jury. 4 ist. co 
 
 fix. Jus. legal. 
 out. Knave, sax. Originally a boy, or servant, now used 
 
 for a false, deceitful, dishonest person, ry 
 
 ish,ly,ness. out. 
 un. Lament, Lainentor. To mourn or grieve, to be- 
 wail, to regret, ed er ing able ably ation. 
 
 un ed. 
 mis. Lead, sax. To guide by the hand, to conduct, or go 
 
 before, to induce, er ing. mis er ing. 
 un. Learn, sax. To gain knowledge of, to acquire skill, 
 
 to receive intelligence. ed,ly,ness ing er 
 
 un ed,ly. 
 il. Legible, Legibilis. That may be read, that may be 
 
 discovered. t bly ness ( bility. z7 t ble t bility 
 
 4 bly. Lego, to read or choose. 
 inter. Link, dan. A single ring of a chain, to unite, ed 
 
 ing. inter. 
 
 7*
 
 re. Loan, sax. The act of lending, that which is lent. 
 
 ed ing. re ed ing. 
 un. Maim, f. To deprive of the use of a limb, to injure, 
 
 cripple, or disable, ing ed,ness. un ed. 
 un. Mean, sax. Wanting dignity, base. Also the mid- 
 dle point; also to have in mind or intend. 
 
 ing ly ness. un ing. 
 dis. Member, Membrum. A limb of animal bodies, a 
 
 clause or part of a discourse, an individual 
 
 of community, ed ship, dis ed ing ment. 
 ante. Meridian, f. At mid-day, a circle in the heavens. 
 
 t onal,ly,ity. ante. 
 re. Mold, sax. 1. Soft earth. 2. To shape. 3. To 
 
 cover with mold, ed ing able y,ness er,ing. 
 
 un ed. 
 un. Molest, f. To trouble, disturb or render uneasy, ed 
 
 er ing ful ation. un ed. 
 un. Muffle, d. To cover from the weather, to blindfold. 
 
 ed er ing. un. 
 self. Murder, sax. To kill a human being unlawfully, ed 
 
 er ess ing ous,ly. un ed. 
 re. Murmur, Murmur. A low sound, to complain, to 
 
 grumble, er ing,ly ous. un ed ing. 
 Need, sax. Want, necessity, a state that requires 
 
 aid or relief, ed er ful,ly ing y,ly,ness less,- 
 
 ly,ness. 
 self. Neglect, JVegdectus. To omit by carelessness or de- 
 sign, to postpone, ed er ful,ly ing,ly ion 
 
 ive. self. iVec-lectus, not choosing. 
 un. Neighbor. An inhabitant of the same vicinity, ly,- 
 
 ness ing ship hood, un ly. 
 un. Notice, Notitia. Observation by any of the senses, 
 
 civility, respect, remark, ed ing. un ed. 
 
 Nosco, to know. 
 post. Nuptial, Nuptialis. Pertaining to marriage, post. 
 
 Nubo, to marry. 
 un. Nurture, f. To feed, nourish, bring up or educate. 
 
 Food or diet, ed ing. un ed. Nutrio, to 
 
 nurse. 
 in. Opul ( ent, Opulentus. Wealthy, rich, affluent, ly 
 ence. in ,ent.
 
 79 
 
 un. Pain, sax. An uneasy sensation, labor, toil, to dis- 
 quiet. ful,ly,ness ed. un ed ful. Paena, 
 pain. 
 
 im. Palpable, f. Perceptible by the touch, coarse, plain, 
 obvious, ness 4 bly 4 bility. im ,bility. Palpo, 
 to touch or feel. 
 
 un. Pardon, f. To forgive an offence, to remit a penalty, 
 forgiveness, ed er ing ably able,ness. un 
 ed ing able ably. 
 
 im. Permanent, Permanens. Durable, lasting, remain- 
 ing unchanged. c ence ( ency ly. im. Maneo, 
 to abide. 
 Pierce, f. To penetrate, to thrust a way into, to 
 enter or effect, ed er ing,ly,ness able. 
 
 im. Pious, Pius. Godly, religious, due respect for 
 parents, ly. im ly ness. 
 
 un. Pity, f. The feeling excited in one person by the 
 distress of another, sympathy, having tender 
 feelings. ful,ly,ness ed able,ness less.ly,- 
 ness. un ed ful,ly ing. 
 
 inter. Pledge, f. Something put in pawn, a surety, to de- 
 posit, ed er ee ing. inter. 
 
 un. Poet, f. and Poeta. The author of a poem, one 
 skilled in poetry, ess ize ic,al„ly ress ry. 
 un ic,al,,ly. 
 
 un. Pollute, Polluo. To defile or make unclean, to pro- 
 fane or violate. ed,ly,ness er ing ion. un ed. 
 
 un. Prince, f. A sovereign, the ruler of a nation, son of 
 a king, dom like ly,ness ess. un ly. 
 
 im. Proba 4 ble, Probabilis. Likely, having more evidence 
 than the contrary, that may be. ,bly ( bility. 
 im <bly t bility. Probo, to prove, from probus, 
 honest. 
 
 un. Profit, f. Any gain or pecuniary advantage, to im- 
 prove, ed ing less able,ness ably, un ed 
 able,ness ably. 
 
 im. Proper, Proprius. Particularly suited to, fit, correct, 
 just, one's own. lyness. im ly. Prope, near. 
 
 un. Provoke, Provoco. To make angry, to offend, to call 
 into action, ed er ing,ly able, un ed ing. 
 Voco, to call.
 
 80 
 
 un. Prune. To lop off superfluous branches, to dress or 
 
 trim, ed er ing. un ed. 
 Public, Publicus. Pertaining to a nation, common, 
 
 open to common use, the general body of a 
 
 nation, ly ity ness. 
 un. Punish, Punio. To affect with pain, to chastise, to 
 
 pain, ed er ing ment able,ness. un ed ing. 
 
 Poena, punishment, pain. 
 un. Quench, sax. To extinguish, to put out, to destroy. 
 
 ed er ing less ably, un ed able,ness 
 
 ably.^ 
 un. Quell, sax. To curb or subdue, to quiet, to allay, to 
 
 restore to peace, ed er ing. un ed. 
 un. Question, f. and quaestio. The act of asking, inquiry, 
 
 the subject of dispute. able,ness ary ed er 
 
 ing ist less, un able,ness ably ed ing. 
 
 Quaero, to ask. 
 un. Quick, sax. Swift, hasty, active, brisk, alive, to re- 
 vive. en,er,ing,ed ly ness. un ened. 
 un. Ransack, dan. To search thoroughly, to pillage, to 
 
 violate, ed ing. un ed. 
 mis. Rate, Ratus. Price or amount stated or fixed on any 
 
 thing, tax, settled allowance, ratio, ed er 
 
 able ably. mis. Reor, to judge or think. 
 un. Real, Realis. Actual existence, true, genuine, not 
 
 fictitious, ity ize,ed,ing,ation. un ity. Res, 
 
 a thing. 
 un. Refute, Refuio. To disprove and overthrow by argu- 
 ment, ed er ing al able ation. un ed. 
 co. Regent, Regens. Ruling, governing, exercising 
 
 authority, ess ship. co. Rego, to rule, Rex, 
 
 a king. 
 un. Regret, f. Grief, sorrow of mind, remorse, to grieve 
 
 ted ting ful,ly. 
 un. Repeat, Repeto. To do, make, attempt or utter 
 
 again, ed. er ing, un ed. 
 un. Reprieve, f. To respite after sentence of death, to 
 
 suspend execution, un ed able. 
 Un Retaliate, iietalio. To return like for like, to repay 
 
 by an act of the same kind, ed ing ion ory. 
 
 Talis, such like.
 
 81 
 
 un. Revile, Re and vile. To reproach with opprobrious 
 
 language, ed er ing,ly. un ed. 
 un. Roll, d. To move by turning on the surface like a 
 
 wheel, to inwrap, to spread with a roller. 
 
 ed er ing. un ed ing. 
 un. Scorn, sp. Extreme contempt, to despise, ed er 
 
 ful,ly,ness ing. 
 un. Screen, f. Any thing that separates or cuts off, a 
 
 shelter, to sift or riddle, ed ing. un ed. 
 un. Shackle, sax. To chain, to fetter, to tie or bind the 
 
 limbs, ed ing. un ed ing. 
 un. Shade, sax. The cutting off the rays of light, ob- 
 scurity, a shadow, to hide, ed er y,ness ing 
 
 ow,ed,ing,y. un ed owed, 
 un. Shield, sax. A broad piece of defensive armor, a 
 
 buckler, any defence, to cover or secure. 
 
 ed ing. un ed. 
 un. Shrink, sax. To draw back into less compass, to 
 
 shrivel, to recoil, to express fear, ing age. 
 
 un ing. 
 un. Shroud, sax. A shelter or cover, the dress of the 
 
 dead, a winding sheet, to take shelter, ed 
 
 ing y. un. 
 un. Skill, sax. A familiar knowledge of any art or 
 
 science united with dexterity in its ap- 
 plication, ed ful,ly,ness. un ed ful,ly,- 
 
 ness. 
 un. Solicit, Solicito. To ask with some earnestness, to 
 
 seek by petition, to try to obtain, ed or ress 
 
 ous,ly ude ing ation. un ed ous. 
 inter. Space, f. Room, extension, distance or interval, a 
 
 short time, ful ious, ly,ness. inter. 
 mis. Spell, sax. To form words with proper letters, to 
 
 take another's place, a charm, ed er ing. mis 
 
 ed ing. 
 mis. Spend, sax. To lay out, dispose of or part with, to 
 
 pass as time, to waste, er ing. mis er ing. 
 un. Study, > Studium. Application of the mind to some- 
 Student, S Studens. thing, meditation, variously 
 
 used, er ous,ly,ness ed. un ed ous. Studeo, 
 
 to study.
 
 82 
 
 un. Success, Successus. The favorable termination of 
 any purpose. ful,ly,ness ion ive,ly,ness less,- 
 ly,ness or. un ful,ly,ness ive. Cedo, to 
 yield, to depart. 
 
 un. Tame, sax. To make gentle, to domesticate, to 
 civilize, to subdue, spiritless, ed er ing less 
 able,ness. un ed able. 
 
 un. Tarnish, f. To sully, to soil, to lose lustre or be- 
 come dull, ed ing. un ed. 
 
 un. Tax, f. A rate or sum of money, to lay or impose 
 on, or assess a sum, to charge or censure, 
 ed er ing able ation. un ed. 
 
 over. Tedious, Taedium. Wearisome, tiresome, slow- 
 ness, ly ness. over. Taedet, it wearieth. 
 
 un. Thank, sax. To express gratitude for a favor, ed 
 ful,ly,ness ing less,ness. un ed ful,ly,ness. 
 
 un. Trouble, f. To agitate or disturb, to perplex or 
 tease, affliction, calamity, ed er some,ly,- 
 ness ing ous. un ed. 
 
 mis. Understand, Under and stand. To know or compre- 
 hend, to have the same ideas as the person 
 who speaks, to learn, er ing,ly able. mis. 
 ing. 
 
 un. Urge, Urgeo. To press, drive or impel forward, to 
 press by motives, to importune, ed er ing 
 ncy nt,ly. un ed. 
 
 un. Varnish, f. A thick glossy liquid, an artificial cover- 
 ing, a fair external appearance, to cover, ed 
 er ing. un ed. 
 
 re. Verberate, Verbero. To beat or strike, ion. re ed 
 ing ion ory. 
 
 un. Vex, Vexo. To irritate, or make angry by little pro- 
 vocations, to plague, fret or to harass, ation 
 atious,ly,ness ed er. un ed. 
 Verd^ant, Viridans. Green like grass, fresh, flourish- 
 ing. 4 ancy. 
 Verb, Verbum. A word, a part of speech expressing 
 action. al,ly,ity,ize atim. 
 
 un. Virtue, Virtus. Moral goodness, or excellence — 
 various senses, less oso ous,ly,ness al,ity,- 
 , ly. un ous.
 
 83 
 
 SECTION XVIII. 
 
 Fifth Exercise. 
 
 un. Actuate. To put into action, to move or incite, ed 
 ing ion. un ed. Ago, to do ; actum, done. 
 
 all. Abhor, .AMiorreo. To hate extremely, to loathe, 
 despise or detest, rer red rence rency rent, 
 ly. all red. Rule 5. 
 
 super. Angel, gr. and Angelus. A spirit, a messenger sent 
 from God. ic,al,,ly,,ness age. super ic. 
 
 peri. Ap,helion, gr. apo from, helios the sun. That point 
 of a planet's orbit most distant from the sun. 
 peri. 
 
 semi. Aperture, Apertum. The act of opening, an opening 
 semi. Aperio to open. 
 
 peri. Apo,gee, gr. Apo from ge the earth. That point in 
 a planet's orbit most distant from the earth. 
 peri. 
 Assiduous, .Assiduus. Constant in application, atten- 
 tive, ly ness t ity. sedeo, to sit. 
 
 anti. Asthma, gr. Shortness of breath, difficulty of breath- 
 ing, tic. anti tic. 
 
 un. Authentic, f. Having a genuine original, true, genu- 
 ine. al,ly,ness ate, ed, ion, ing ly ity ness. 
 
 ant.* Arctic, gr. Northern constellation called the Bear. 
 ant. 
 
 un. Bail, f. To set free from arrest, to bail water from 
 a boat, a person who procures the release of 
 a prisoner, able er ed ee ment bond, un ed. 
 
 semi. Barbarian, Barbarus. A man in a savage state, semi. 
 
 un. Benign, Benignus. Kind disposition, generous, fa- 
 vorable, ant ity ly. un. 
 
 un. Blight, sax. A disease incident to plants, to blast, 
 ed. un. 
 
 fore. Bode, sax. To portend or foreshow, an omen, ment 
 fore er ing ment. unfore ing. 
 
 * For anti.
 
 84 
 
 in. Canton, It. A small portion of land, or division of 
 a territory, al ing ed ize ment. in. 
 
 un. Canvass, f. To examine returns of votes, to seek, 
 to debate, ed er ing. un ed. 
 
 over. Captious, Captiosus. Disposed to find fault, apt to 
 cavil, ly ness. over. Capio, to take. 
 
 omni. Carnivorous, Caro flesh, and voro to devour; hence, 
 Eating or feeding on flesh. ( acity. omni. 
 
 anti. Catholic, gr. Universal or general, not bigoted, a 
 papist, al ism ize ly ness. anti. 
 
 un. Cause, Causa. The reason or motive that urges, 
 that which produces an effect, sake, ac- 
 count, to produce, ed less,ly,ness er ing 
 able al,ty,ity,ly ation ative,ly ator. un ed. 
 Challenge, norm. A calling upon one to fight in 
 single combat, a claim, to invite to a trial, 
 ed er ing able, un ed. 
 
 un. Class, Classis. An order or rank of persons, a number 
 of students, a scientific division, to place in 
 ranks. ic,al,,lyify,ing,edific, ation. un ic,al. 
 
 anti. Climax, gr. A figure of rhetoric, in which the sen- 
 tence rises more forcibly, anti. 
 
 in. Commute, Commxxto. To exchange one thing for 
 another, to atone, al ation ative,ly able abil- 
 ity, in able ably ability, un ed. 
 
 ac. Complice, It. A confederate in some unlawful act. 
 ac. Plico, to fold together. 
 
 un. Comprise, f. To contain or include, ed er ing al. 
 un ed. 
 
 un. Confiscate, Corcfisco. To adjudge to be forfeited to 
 the public treasury, ed ing ion or ory ble. 
 un ed. Fiscus, a great money-hag. 
 
 un. Conjugal, Conjugalis. Belonging to marriage, ly. 
 un. Jugum, a yoke. 
 
 un. Conjugate, Conjugo. To join, ed ion. un ed. 
 
 Conspire, Conspire To agree or combine by oath 
 to commit a crime, to plot, er ing,ly ant ator 
 ation acy. 
 
 un. Corrode, Corrodo. To eat away by degrees, to prey 
 upon, ed ing ent iate ible ibility. un ed. 
 Corros ion ive,lv,ness.
 
 85 
 
 anti. Cosmetic, gr. Beautifying, improving beauty. al,ly. 
 
 anti. 
 de. Coy, f. Modest, reserved, shy. ish ly ness. de ed 
 
 ing. unde ed. 
 re un. Cross, w. A gibbet, to transverse, ill-humored, ed 
 
 ing ly ness. re ed ing. un ed. 
 re. Crude, Crudus. Raw, not cooked, in a natural state, 
 
 rough, harsh, undigested, ly ness ity. re 
 
 ency escence escency escent. 
 en. Danger, f. Peril, risk, exposure to injury or loss. 
 
 less ous,ly,ness. en ed ing ment. 
 un. Defile, f. To make unclean. Also, a narrow passage. 
 
 ed er ing ment. un ed. 
 pre un. Design, Designo. To delineate a figure, to project, 
 
 to plan, er ing less,ly ful,ness ed,ly ate,ed, 
 
 or,ive,ing,ion. un ed,ly,ness ing. pre ed 
 
 ing. Signum, a sign. 
 un. Dilate, Dilato. To expand, enlarge, or widen, ed 
 
 ing or ble ion bility. un ed. Latus, broad. 
 in. Dilatory, f. and Latus. Drawing out ; hence slow, 
 
 late, tardy, ly ness. in. 
 un. Dilute, Zhluo. To wash, to render more liquid, 
 
 make thin or weak, ed er ing ion <ent. — 
 
 un ed. 
 in. Dignity, Dignitas. True honor, nobleness of mind, 
 
 rank or elevation. ( fy,ed, cation, in. Dig- 
 
 nus, worthy. 
 un. Diploma, gr. A writing giving authority, privilege, 
 
 or honor, cy tic tist. un tic. 
 un. Divorce, f. A legal dissolution of the marriage con- 
 tract, ed er ing ive ment. un ed. Di and 
 
 verto. 
 Discard, Sp. To dismiss, to cast off or reject, ed 
 
 ing ure. 
 Distrain, Distringo. To seize for debt, to rend or 
 
 tear, ed or ing able. 
 Discomfit, f. To rout or defeat, to scatter in flight. 
 
 ed ing ure. 
 un. Drama, gr. A composition representing a picture of 
 
 human life. tic,al„ly tist tize. un tic,al. 
 8
 
 86 
 
 noct. Di,umal, Diurnus, dies or diu. Daily, pertaining to 
 the day. noct. 
 
 un. Domestic, Domesticus. Belonging to the house, liv- 
 ing in retirement, tame. al,ly ant ate,ion. 
 un ated. Domus, a house. 
 
 un. Elicit, £licio. To draw out or bring to light, to de- 
 duce, ed ing ate,ion. 
 Emblem, gr. To represent by similar qualities, allu- 
 sive picture. atic,al,,ly atist ize,ed,ing. 
 
 un. Encounter, f. A meeting in contest, a single combat, 
 a fight, to meet face to face, ed er ing. 
 un ed. 
 
 un. Enhance, norm. To raise or advance, to increase or 
 aggravate, ed er ing ment. un ed. 
 
 en. Epi,demic, gr. Epi, upon; Demos, the people ; pop- 
 ular or general disease, en. 
 
 un. Excise, ivrcisum. An inland duty, to lay a duty on 
 goods used or consumed, ed man ing able. 
 un ed. 
 Exile, Exilium. Banishment, one sent into banish- 
 ment, ed ing ment. 
 
 re. Expatriate, f. To banish, to quit one's country, ed 
 ing ion. re. Patria, a country. 
 
 im. Ex,pedite, Expeiio. To hasten or quicken motion, 
 speedy, ly ion ive ious,ly. 
 Impede, ed ing iment,al. Pes, a foot. 
 Expostulate, .Expostulo. To reason earnestly with a 
 person, ed ing ion or ory, Postulo, to ask, 
 from Posco, to demand. 
 
 anti. Fanatic, Fanaticus. Wild and extravagant in opin- 
 ions. al,ly,ness ism ize. anti. Fanum, a 
 temple. 
 
 subter. Febri,fuge, Febris, a fever, and Fugio, to flee ; hence 
 the import, removing fever, subter. 
 
 ef. Florid, Floridus. Abounding with flowers, flushed 
 with red, a stile enriched with-figures. ity ly 
 ness. Flos, a flower. 
 
 un. Foil. To frustrate, defeat, or render vain — various 
 senses, ed er ing able, un ed. 
 
 out. Frown, f. To express displeasure by contracting the 
 brow, to repel, a stern look, ed ing,ly. out,
 
 87 
 
 be. Gloom. Obscurity, partial or total darkness, aspect 
 of sorrow. y,ly,ness. be. 
 
 pro. Gnostic, gr. Literally knowing or having knowledge 
 of, a sect of philosophers, ism. pro able 
 ate,ed,ing,ion,or. 
 
 un. Harbor, sax. A lodging, a port for ships, a place of 
 safety, to shelter, ed er ing less, un ed. 
 
 pro. Im,min t ent, In, and Minens. Hanging in a threaten- 
 ing manner ; hence, hanging over, or impend- 
 ing. <ence. pro. £ ence t ency 4 ent,ly. 
 Imply, i/wplico. To infold or involve, to contain by 
 
 inference. ed,ly ing cate,ed,ing,ion,ive,,ly. 
 Inculcate, i/iculco. To impress by frequent admoni- 
 tions, to teach, ed ing ion. In and calco, to 
 drive in, from calx, the heel. 
 
 inter. In,cipi,ent, iwcipiens. Beginning, commencing. ,en- 
 cy. inter. Capio, to take. 
 Ingenious, Jwgeniosus. Possessed of genius, prompt 
 to invent, skilful, ly ness. Gigno, genitus. 
 
 re. Ingratiate, In-gratia. To commend one's self to an- 
 other's good will or kindness, ed ing. re 
 ed. Gratus, grateful. 
 
 un. Intercept, f. To take or seize on by the way, to stop 
 on its passage, ed er ing ion. un ed. Ca- 
 pio, to take. 
 Invidious, /rcvidiosus. Envious, provoking envy, 
 
 hateful, ly ness. Video, to see 
 Ignorant, Zg-norans. Destitute of knowledge, unin- 
 
 structed. ly 4 ance. 
 Lecture, Lectura. A discourse read or pronounced, 
 to instruct by discourses, ed ing er ship. 
 Lego, to read or choose. 
 Masculine, Masculinus. Having the qualities of a 
 man, strong, robust, coarse, bold, ly ness. 
 Mas, a male. 
 
 re. Masticate, Mastico. To chew, to grind with the 
 teeth, ed ing ion ory. re ed ins: ion. 
 
 inter. Medium, Medium. That through which something 
 passes, the middle, inter. 
 
 un. Merchant, f. A man who carries on trade with for- 
 eign countries, one who buys and sells goods
 
 88 
 
 able man ly like, un able. Merceor, to buy, 
 
 from Merx, mercis, merchandize. 
 over. Mischief, f. Harm, hurt, injury, damage, evil, to 
 
 hurt, (f changed to v.) ous,ly,ness. over 
 
 ous. 
 re. Model, Modus. A pattern of something to be made, 
 
 to form, ed er ing. re ed ing. 
 re. Nascent, Nascens. Beginning to exist or grow. re. 
 
 Nascor, to be born. 
 e. Nucleus, Nucleus. A kernel or nut. e. Nux, nucis, 
 
 a nut. 
 Occasion, Occasio. Opportunity, accidental cause, to 
 
 produce, able al,ly ed er ing. Cado, to fall. 
 dis. Orient, Oriens. Rising as the sun, eastern, bright. 
 
 al,ism,ist,ity. dis ated. 
 im. Paca<tion, Paco. The act of appeasing, im { ble. 
 
 Pax, peace. 
 un. Palliate, f. To clothe, to cover with excuse, to con- 
 ceal, to lessen, ed ing ion ive. Pallium, a 
 
 cloak. 
 anti. Paralytic, gr. Affected with palsy, weak, trembling. 
 
 anti. 
 un. Patent, Patens. Open, expanded, a writing by proper 
 
 authority granting certain privileges, ed ing 
 
 ee. un ed. 
 semi. Pellucid, Pe/lucidus. Perfectly clear, transparent. 
 
 ity ness. semi. Lux, light. 
 Penal, f. Enacting punishment, subject to a penalty 
 
 ty ity. Poena, punishment. 
 un. Pension, f. An annual allowance of a sum of money 
 
 by government, ed er ing ary. un ed. 
 
 Pendeo, to hang from. 
 ante. Penult, Penultimus. The last syllable of a word ex- 
 cept one. ima imate. ante. Pene, almost ; 
 
 ultimus, the last. 
 com. Peregrinate, Peregrinor. To travel from place to 
 
 place, ion or. com. Ager, agri, afield. 
 Perfidy, Perfidia. The act of violating faith, treach- 
 ery. ous,ly,ness. Fides, faith. 
 im. Peril, It. Danger, risk, hazard, jeopardy, to be in 
 
 danger. ous,ly,ness. im.
 
 89 
 
 anti. Poison, f. A substance which, when taken into the 
 
 stomach, destroys life ; infectious, malignant. 
 
 ed er ing ous,ly,ness ful able. anti. 
 
 n. Portray, f. To paint or draw the likeness of any 
 
 thing, ed er ing. un ed (y is not changed.) 
 
 de. Predial, Praeda. Pertaining to prey, practicing plun- 
 der. 4 atory 4 aceous. Je.ate,ed,ing,ion,ory. 
 
 anti. Prelate, f. A dignitary of the church, a bishop, 
 ship ic,al,,ly 4 cy. anti ical. Pre and Latus, 
 
 ™ from Fero. 
 
 de Privation, Privatio, Privus. The act of removing 
 
 something needed, the state of being de- 
 prived. t ive,ly,ness. De-privo, to take from, 
 ed er ing ment able ation. unde ed. 
 
 un. Privilege, Privilegium. A peculiar benefit enjoyed 
 by one or more beyond others, ed ing. Pri- 
 vus and lege, from lex, lav). 
 un 
 
 omni. Prolific, Proles-Facio. Making fruitful, producing 
 an abundance. al,ly ness ation acy. omni. 
 
 un. Promulge, Promulgo. To publish, teach, or proclaim, 
 ed er ing ate,ed,or,ing,ion. un ated. 
 
 anti. Puritan, Purus. A dissenter from the Church of 
 England, ic, al„ly ism ize. anti. 
 Punctual, f. Exact, done at the exact time, ist ity 
 ly ness. 
 
 com. Pupil, Pupilla. The apple of the eye. Pupillus, a 
 scholar, age ary. com. 
 
 im. Pregnable, f. That may be taken by force, im. 
 
 en. Ravish, f. To seize and carry away by violence, to 
 delight to ecstacy. ed er ing,ly ment. en. 
 ed ing ment. 
 
 arch. Rebel, .Rebellis, and Rebello. One who revolts 
 from the government, also to revolt, led ler 
 ling lion lious,ly,ness. arch. Bellum, war. 
 
 un. Reciprocate, Rcciproco. To interchange, to alter- 
 nate, ed ing ion ( l,ly,ness. un ed. Capio, 
 to take. 
 
 inter. Reign, Regno. To possess sovereign power, to rule 
 as a king, ed er ing. inter. 
 8*
 
 90 
 
 un. Reprimand, f. To reprove severely, to chide for a 
 fault, a reproof, ed ing. un ed. 
 Requisite, Requisitus. Required by the nature of 
 things, necessary, ly ness. quaero, to ask. 
 
 ir. Rigation, Rigatio. The act of watering, ir. Rigo, 
 
 to water. 
 
 un. Righteous, sax. Just, according to the Divine law, 
 justified, ly ness. un ly ness. 
 
 cor. Robor t ant, Roborans. Strengthening. 4 ation. cor. 
 4 ant 4 ate,ed,ing,ion,ive. Robur, oak. 
 
 un. Romantic. Pertaining to romance, wild, fanciful. 
 al,ly ness. Romance ed er ing. un. 
 
 un. Ruminate, Rumino. To chew the cud ; hence, to 
 muse, meditate, ponder, ed ing ion or. 
 tin ed. 
 
 all. Sagacious, sagax. Quick of scent, quick of thought, 
 acuteness of discernment, ly ness^ty. all. 
 
 un. Saint, f. and Sanctus. A person sanctified, a holy 
 person or Christian, ed ess ly like ship. 
 un ed. 
 
 en. Sample, Exemplum. A specimen, example, or in- 
 stance, er. en. 
 
 un. Savor, f. Taste or odor, an agreeable quality, to 
 taste or smell. y,ly,ness less ly. «ny,ly,ness. 
 
 un. Season, f. A fit or suitable time, a particular time, 
 a part of the year, to become mature — va- 
 rious senses, ed er ing able,ness ably, tin 
 ed able,ness ably. 
 Sedate, Sedatus, Sedeo. Settled, composed, calm. 
 
 ly ness ive. 
 Sedition, ) Seditio. A factious or tumultuous as- 
 Seditious, $ sembly. ary. ly ness. 
 
 un 
 
 be. Siege, f. The setting an army before a fortified 
 
 place, be ed er ing. unbe ed. 
 un 
 
 en. Shrine, sax. A case or box particularly for sacred 
 
 things, en ed ing. unen ed. 
 un 
 
 be. Smear, sax. To overspread with any adhesive mat-
 
 91 
 
 ter, to pollute, ed ing y. be ed er ing. 
 
 unbe ed. 
 un. Smooth, sax. Having an even surface, evenly 
 
 spread, glossy, ed er en ly ness. un. 
 be. Sot, f. A stupid person, a blockhead, an habitual 
 
 drunkard. tish,ly,ness. be ted,ly,ness ting. 
 be. Spangle. A small plate of shining metal, as an or- 
 nament, ed ing. be ed ing. 
 anti. Spasm, Spasmus. An involuntary contraction of the 
 
 muscles, odic. anti odic. 
 un. Speculate, Speculor. To meditate, to purchase goods 
 
 with a view of gaining a profit, ion ist 
 
 ive,ly,ness or ory. un ive. 
 re. Stagnate, Stagno, Stagnum. To cease to flow or 
 
 move, to become dull, ion 4 ant 4 ancy. re 
 
 ion 4 ant. 
 un. Staunch, ) sax. To stop the flowing of blood, sound, 
 
 Slanch, $ firm, ed er ing less ness. un ed. 
 inter. Stellar, ) Stellaris. Pertaining to the stars, y. inter. 
 con. Stellate, $ Stella. A star, ed ing ion. con ion. 
 
 Supersede, Super-sedeo. To make void or useless 
 
 by superior power, to come in the room of. 
 
 ed ing ure. Sedeo, to sit. 
 un. Surprise, f. To come or fall upon suddenly, to con- 
 fuse, ed ing,ly al. un ed. 
 un. Sustain, Sustmeo. To bear, uphold or support, to 
 
 assist, ed er ing able, un ed. Teneo, to 
 
 hold. 
 Symbol, Symbolum. The sign of any moral thing 
 
 by images or properties of natural things, an 
 
 emblem, ic, al,,ly ism ize,ation,ing. 
 Syn,opsis, gr. A general view of the principal parts. 
 Terse, ) Tersus. Cleanly written, neat, ly ness. 
 
 J Deterge, Dctergo. To cleanse, ed 
 
 ent ing. 
 super. Terrene, Terrenus, Terra. Pertaining to the earth. 
 
 super. 
 extra. Territory, Territorium. A tract of land under the 
 
 dominion of some state. al,ly. extra al. 
 mono. Theo,machy, gr. Theos, God, and Mache, to fight ; 
 
 hence, fighting against the gods. ist. mono,
 
 92 
 
 SECTION XIX. 
 Sixth Exercise. 
 
 N. B. Many legitimate derivative forms are designedly 
 omitted on account of their rare occurrence in standard 
 authors. 
 
 un 
 
 ad con per. Abjure, A&juro. To renounce upon oath, to re- 
 cant, ed er ing ment ation atory. con 
 er ed ing ment ation atory. Juro, to 
 swear. 
 
 an. Accent, .Accentus. To utter words by a particu- 
 
 lar stress of voice, ed ing. un ed. Ac- 
 centu al ate ation. Cano, to sing. 
 
 all un. Admire, Admxxox, admiratio. To regard with 
 
 wonder, ed er ing,ly able,ness ability 
 ation ative. un ed ing. all ing. Minis 
 wonderful. 
 
 un. Achieve, f. To perform, execute, finish, or gain, 
 
 ed er ing ment able ance. tin ed able. 
 
 re un. Adorn, Adoxno. To deck or ornament, to make 
 
 pleasing, ed ing ment. un ed. re. 
 
 un Appall, ^ppalleo. To depress with fear, dis- 
 
 mayed, ed ing ment. un ed. 
 
 in un. Artificial, Ars-facio. Made by art, feigned, ly 
 
 ity ness. in ly. un ly. 
 sub 
 
 ad con re. A,stringe, Astringo, astringens. Binding, con- 
 tracting, to compress, ed ent ing ency. 
 sub ent. ad ent. Stringo, to bind. 
 
 all un. Atone, Atone. To expiate, to agree, ed er ing 
 
 ment. un ed able, all ing. 
 un re 
 
 de. At,tach, f. To take by legal authority, to bind, 
 
 adhere or fasten to. ed ing able ment. 
 re ment. un ed. de ed ing ment. 
 
 contra. Circum.vallate, CircumvaWo. To surround with 
 
 a rampart, ion. contra ion. Vallo, to 
 ; fortify.
 
 93 
 
 in mis ex Cite, Cito. To call upon officially, to quote, er 
 
 mis fore ess al ation atory. ex ant able ate ation 
 
 ~ ative atory ed ment er. unex ed. mis 
 
 ation. in er ed ant ing ation ment ability. 
 
 Cieo, to move, or incite. 
 
 con in un. Coagulate, Coagulo. To congeal, curdle, or con- 
 crete, ed ing ion ive or ble bility. un 
 ed ble. in ble. con ed ing ion. 
 
 in. Coerce, Coerceo. To restrain by force, to com- 
 
 pel, ed ible ing ion ive,ly. in ible. 
 Con-arceo, to restrain. 
 
 dis con. Color, Color. The property inherent in light, 
 to dye, to alter, ed able ably ist less 
 ate ation ature ific. dis ed ing ation. 
 undis ed. 
 
 ob soli ambi Col,loquy, Colloquium. A dialogue or confer- 
 
 anti ence. al st. al. Loquor, to speak. 
 
 circum al. 
 
 mis pre self. Conceit, It. Imagined, notion, fancy. ed,ly, 
 ness less. pre. self ed,ness. 
 
 un. Condemn, Condemno. To pronounce guilty or 
 
 wrong, er ed ing able, un ed. Con- 
 demnat ion ory. Damnus, hurt. 
 
 un. Confine, Corafinis. The border or edge, to limit 
 
 or bound, er ed ing ment less, un ed, 
 ly able. Finis, the end. 
 self over 
 
 dif. Con,fide, ConMo. To trust or rely on, to com- 
 
 mit to. ed er ent,ly,ness ence encial.ly. 
 over ence. self ence ent ing. dif ence 
 ent,ly. Fides, faith, trust. 
 
 all re un. Conquer, f. To subdue or gain by force, to over- 
 come, or ess ing ed able,ness. un ed 
 able.ness. re ed ing. all ing. 
 
 dis in un. Console, Consolor. To comfort or alleviate grief, 
 ed er able ate,ion,or k ory. un ed ing. in 
 able ably, dis ate,ly,ness,ion ancy. So- 
 lor, to comfort.
 
 94 
 
 un 
 circura. 
 
 un. 
 
 in un 
 
 un. 
 
 in un. 
 
 in. 
 
 after self. 
 
 in un. 
 
 un. 
 
 Constant, Constans. Fixed, firm, certain, steady, 
 ly cy. un. in ly cy. Sto, to stand; 
 con, together. 
 
 Consummate, Consummo. To end, finish or 
 complete, ed ing ion ly. un. Summus. 
 
 Contend, Contendo. To strive, dispute, or quar- 
 rel, ed er ing ent. un ed ing. Content 
 ion ious,ly,ness. 
 
 Contest, f. To dispute, strive, or contend, a 
 strife. ing,ly less able,ness ation. uned 
 able, in able ably. Testis, a witness. 
 
 Contiguous, Ct/ntiguus. Touching, meeting, ly 
 ness,ity. inpxis. Tango, to touch. 
 
 Convict, Coravictum. To prove guilty, to con- 
 vince, or confute, ed ing ion ive,ly. 
 self edion. after ion. Vinco, to conquer. 
 
 Converse, Cowversor. Familiar discourse, de- 
 portment, ablemess ably, un able, in 
 able. Conversat ion,ed,ist ive. Verto, 
 to turn. 
 
 Counterfeit, f. To forge or imitate, to feign or 
 dissemble, er ed ly ness. un. Facio, 
 to make. 
 
 ac dis. Credit. Belief, reliance, trust, to believe, or 
 
 ed ing able,ness ably rix. dis ed able 
 
 over in un. ing. ac ed ing ation. unac ed. un ed 
 
 able,ness. Credul ous,ly,ness. in ity 
 ous,ness. over ous. Credi ble,ness 
 bility. in ble,ness bly bility. Credo, 
 to believe. 
 
 re in. Curve, Curvus. Bending, crooked, winding, ed 
 
 ing ity ated ation ature. in ate,ed,ing, 
 ion ity. re ed ous ate,ion. 
 
 dis un 
 
 Custom, f. Frequent or common use, to make 
 familiar, ed er able,ness ably ary,ness, 
 ly. ac ed,ness ing ance ary,ly. disac 
 ed. unac ed. ,
 
 95 
 
 pre. Decease, Decessus. Departure from this life, 
 
 to die. ed ing. pre ed. Cedo, to yield. 
 
 un. Decipher, f. To explain what is written in ci- 
 
 phers, to unravel, edering. wraedable. 
 
 un. Despair, f. and Desperatus. A hopeless state, 
 
 without hope, er ing,ly able ful. un ing. 
 Spes, hope. 
 
 pro un De,test, Z)etestor, detestatus. To abhor, abom- 
 
 inate, ed er ing able, 
 
 ness ably ation. un ed. pro ed er ing 
 ation ant,ism,ly. De and Testis. 
 
 un. Defray, f. To pay expenses, to discharge, ed 
 
 er ing ment. un ed. 
 
 in. Desert, Desertus. An uninhabited waste, to for- 
 
 sake, deserving good or evil, er ed ing 
 ,ion ful less,ly rice rix. in. De and 
 sertus, from sero, to sow. 
 un 
 
 pro. De,tect, .Detectus. To uncover, find out or dis- 
 
 cover, ed er ing ion. un ed. re ion. 
 
 pro ed or, ship ing ion ive ress orate. 
 
 Tego, to cover. 
 in. Doctrine, Doctrina. Truths of the gospel, or 
 
 other truths. al,ly. in ate,ed,ing,ion. 
 
 Doceo, to teach. 
 in. Efficacy, _E/ficacia. Power to produce effects. 
 
 ous,ly,ness. in ous,ly,ness. Facio, to 
 
 make. 
 in un. Elastic, f. Rebounding like a ball, flying back. 
 
 al,ly ity. un. in ity. 
 dis. Embroil, f. To involve in troubles, to perplex. 
 
 ed ing ment. dis ed ing. 
 co pre. Emption, Emptio. The act of buying, pre. 
 
 Emo, to buy. 
 dis un. En, chant, f. To practice sorcery, to delight, ed 
 
 er ing,ly ment ress. un ed. dis ed er 
 
 ing. Cano, cantum, to sing. 
 after. Endeavor, norm. To exert physical or mental 
 
 power, an attempt, ed er ing. after. 
 un. Envy, f. To feel uneasiness in view of another's
 
 96 
 
 un. prosperity, ing ed er ous,ly able, un ed 
 
 ous. 
 
 inter Equinoctial, Equus-nox. Pertaining to equal 
 
 day and night, ly. inter. 
 
 un. Equity, ^Equitas. Strict justice, right, able, 
 
 ness. un able. Equus, equal. 
 
 un. Essay, f. To try or attempt, a trial or experi- 
 
 ment, ed er ing ist. un ed. 
 
 dis mis sell. Esteem, f. To set a value, to prize, ed er ing 
 able, dis ed ing. self. iEslimo. 
 
 in mis self. Estimate, iEslimo. To judge of the value of any 
 thing, or ed ing ble,ness ion ive. self 
 ion. dis ion. 
 
 un. Exert, .Eaertus. To thrust forth, emit, put forth 
 
 or do. ed ing ion. un ed. Ex-sero. 
 
 in un. Expert, .Expertus. Experienced, skilful, prompt, 
 
 ly ness. un. in. Perior, to try. 
 
 un. Explore, Ex\)\oro. To search for or pry into, to 
 
 view with care, ed ing ment ation ator 
 atory. un ed. 
 
 dis. Ex,plode, £xplodo. To burst with force, to re- 
 
 ject, ed ing er. dis ed ing. Explos 
 ion ive. dis ion ive. Plaudo, to make 
 a noise by clapping hands. 
 
 un. Expend, -Earpendo. To lay out, disburse, use or 
 
 consume, edingiture. un ed. Expense 
 ful,ly less ive,ly,ness. un ive. 
 
 pro. Ex,pound, £;rpono. To explain, lay open, or in- 
 
 terpret, ed er ing. pro ed er ing. Ex- 
 posit ion ive or ory. Pono, to place. 
 
 un. Extirpate, .Eztirpatus. To pluck up by the roots, 
 
 to remove, ed or ing ion ble. un ed. 
 
 in un. Extinguish, Extmgao. To put out, quench, or 
 
 destroy, ed er ing able ment. un ed 
 able ably, in able. 
 
 dcxxa. Fault, f. An error, mistake, or blunder, y ed 
 
 er ful ily iness ing less,ness. un y. de 
 ed er ing. 
 
 un 
 
 in. Flame, Flamma. A blaze, fire, ardor, rage, less
 
 97 
 
 ing,ly y. Flamma We bility. Inflamma 
 
 tion ble bility bleness tory. unin. 
 de in inter Foliate, Foliatus. To spread over with a thin 
 extra supra coat of tin, to furnish with leaves, ed 
 
 tri. ing ion ure. inter, in. de ion. extra 
 
 ceous. Folium, a leaf. 
 all un. Forgive, sax. To pardon, remit or overlook, en 
 
 ness er ing. un en ing. all ing. 
 unin 
 
 con. Genial, Genialis. That which causes to produce, 
 
 cheering, ly. con ness ity. uncon. 
 
 incon ity. Genus, a race, from Gigno. 
 extra poly. Genus, Genus. A class of several species, 
 
 plants of the same sort, extrageneus. 
 ag. Grieve. To give pain of mind, to afflict, to 
 
 mourn, ed er ing,ly ous,ly,ness. ag 
 
 ed ing. Gravis, heavy. 
 ag. Group, f. A cluster or crowd, ed ing. ag ed. 
 
 un. Harass, f. To weary, fatigue, or tease, ed er 
 
 ing. un ed. 
 un. Harm, sax. To damage or injure in any way. 
 
 ed ful,ly,ness ing less,ly,ness. un ed. 
 contra. Impetus, impetus. Force of motion, contra 
 
 Impetu 4 ous,ly,ness ; osity. Peto, to seek. 
 dis. Incarcerate, Incarcero. To imprison or put in 
 
 jail. ion. dis ion. Career, a prison. 
 un 
 
 en. In,dorse, Indorsum. To write on the back of a 
 
 paper, to assign, able ee er ment. en 
 ment. un ed. Dorsum, the back. 
 
 over un. Industry, Industria. Habitual diligence. ous,ly. 
 un ous. over ous. 
 ex 
 
 af con suf In,flate, Znflatus. To fall with the breath, to swell 
 dif per. ed ing ion. suf ion. exsuf ion. per ble 
 
 re ion. af us ion. Flo, to blow. 
 
 inter. In,sert, /nsertus. To thrust in, to set among 
 
 ed ing ion. re ed ing ion. inter ion 
 Sero, to sow. 
 9
 
 98 
 
 sub super. Institute, Instituo. To establish, enact, found, 
 or begin, ed ing or ist ive ion,al,ary. 
 super ion. In and sto, to stand. 
 
 re. Insurrection, /rcsurgo, insurrectum. Rising 
 
 against civil authority, al ary. re. — 
 Surgo, to rise. 
 
 super un. Intend, /ntendo. To mean or to design, to 
 stretch in. ed,ly er ing ant ment. un ed. 
 super ed ing ent ence ency. Intentus, In- 
 tent ion,al,ly,ed ive,ly,ness ly ness. 
 
 dis re. Inter, f. To bury or cover with earth, ed. dis 
 
 ed. In and terra, the earth. 
 
 re un. Interrogate, Interxogo. To question, ed ing ion 
 
 ivedyorory. re. Rogo, to desire or beg. 
 
 un dis dis 
 
 en. In,thrall. To enslave, to shackle, ed ing ment. 
 
 dis ed ing ment. en ed ing ment. disen 
 
 ed ing ment. unen ed. 
 ex sub. In,undate, Zmmdatus. To overflow, to deluge. 
 
 ed ing ion. sub ion. Unda, a wave. 
 un. Investigate, Tnvestigo. To search into with 
 
 care, ed ing ion or ble ive. un ble. 
 
 Vestigium, a footstep. 
 un. Invite, Invito, invitatio. To ask, allure, or in- 
 
 duce, ed er ment ing,ly,ness ation atory . 
 
 un ed. 
 pre. Intimate, Intimatus. Near, familiar, inmost, to 
 
 hint, ed ly ing ion cy. pre ion. Intus, 
 
 within. 
 ex. Intricate, Intricatus. Perplexed, obscure, en- 
 
 tangled, ly ness ion cy ex ed ing 
 
 ion ble. Tricae, an impediment. 
 re. Lease, f. A letting of lands and tenements for 
 
 a certain time, ed er ing hold, re ed 
 
 er ing ment. 
 ex. Legislate, Legis-latum. To make or enact laws. 
 
 ion ive ure rix ress or, ship, ex or. 
 il. Legitimate, f. and Legitimus. To make lawful. 
 
 ly ness ion cy. ?7ionlycy. Lex legis, 
 
 law.
 
 99 
 
 pre. Libation, Libatio. The wine poured out in honor 
 
 of a deity, pre. Libo, to taste. 
 un 
 
 il Lustrate, Lustro. To make clear or pure, to 
 
 view or survey, ion. il ed ing ion ive, 
 
 ly or. vnil. ed. 
 un(forunus, Magn,animous. Magna, great; animus, mind. 
 one) equ. ly. un ly. 
 
 im. Manacle, f. Handcuffs, shackles, ed ing. im 
 
 ed ing. Manus, a hand. 
 dis. Mantle, sax. A kind of cloak, to cloak or cover. 
 
 ing. dis ed ing. 
 bi. Manu ( al, Manualis. Performed by hand, a small 
 
 book. <ary. fo'-manous. Manus, a hand. 
 counter de. Mark, sax. A visible line, to note or distinguish, 
 
 evidence, ed er able, counter, un ed. 
 
 de-markation. 
 inter re un. Marry, f. To unite in wedlock, ed able age, 
 
 able, mm ed able, reeding, inhered ing 
 
 age. 
 dis over. Mast, sax. That which holds the sails of a ship. 
 
 ed. dis ed ing ment. over ed. 
 inter un. Meddle, d. To interpose, or having to do with, 
 
 to handle, ed ing some,ness. un ed 
 
 ing. inter er ing. 
 a. Meliorate, f. and Melior. To make better, to im- 
 
 prove, ed ing ion. a ion. Bonus, good. 
 im e sub. Merge, Mergo. To bury under water, er. e 
 
 ent ence ency. im. sub ed ing. Mers 
 
 ion. e ion. im ed ing ion. sub ed ion. 
 un. Molest, f. To trouble, disturb, or render uneasy. 
 
 ed er ing ful ation. un ed. 
 un 
 
 a be. Muse, Musa. A song, one of the nine sisters, 
 
 deep thought, er ful less, be ed. a ed er 
 ment ing,ly ive,ly. una ed ing ive. 
 
 inter. Mutual, Mutuus. Interchange, given and receiv- 
 
 ed, ly ity. inter. 
 
 do. Narcotjc, gr. Causing stupor, inducing sleep. 
 
 al,ly ness. denize.
 
 100 
 
 counter. Negotiate, Negotior. To transact business, ed 
 ing or ion ble bility. counter ion. Ne- 
 un gotium, business ; nec-otium, not ease. 
 
 re. New, sax. Lately made — various senses, ly 
 
 ish ness. re al ed,ly,ness ing. unre ed. 
 
 dis un. Obey, f. To comply with the commands of an- 
 
 other, to yield to. ed er ing. un ed. 
 dis ed ing. 
 
 pre re un. Obtain, Oitineo. To get or gain, to succeed, 
 ed er ing ment able, un ed able, re ed 
 ing able, pre ed. Teneo, to hold. 
 
 semi. Opaque, Opacus. Dark, not transparent, ness. 
 
 semi. 
 
 dis un. Own, sax. Belonging to, to have the legal right, 
 
 ed er.ship ing. un ed. dis ed ing. 
 
 de un. Oxygen, gr. A substance which generates acid. 
 
 ate,ed,ing,ion ize,ed,ing,ment. un ated 
 ized. de ate,ed,ing,ion. 
 
 un. Parallel, gr. Running in accordance with some- 
 
 thing, ly ism less ogram,ic„al. un ed. 
 
 im. Partial, Pars. Biased to one party, to favor with- 
 
 out reason, ist ity ize ly. im al,ly. 
 
 co. Partner. One who shares with another, an as- 
 
 sociate, ship, co ship. 
 
 im. Passive, Passivus. Suffering, not acting, ly ity 
 
 ness. Patior, to suffer. 
 
 anti co com. Patriot, f. A person who loves his country, ic 
 ism. com. co. anti ic. Pater, a father. 
 
 de dis. Pauper, Pauper. A poor person, ism. dis. de 
 
 ate,ed,ing. 
 
 ad ob in. Pen,umbra, Pene-umbra. A partial shade or ob- 
 scurity, in te. ob te,ion. ad. 
 
 de. Perdition, Perditio. Entire loss or ruin, de ion 
 
 Per and do. 
 
 im un. Perforate, Perforo. To bore or make holes 
 
 through, ed ing ion ive or. un ed. im 
 ed ion ble. 
 
 un. Perform, Per-formo. To do, execute, or dis- 
 
 charge, ed ing er ance able, un ed ing. 
 
 im. Person, Persona. An individual man or woman,
 
 101 
 
 some one. al,ly,ity age able ate,ion,or 
 un ize ify,ed,ing,cation. im al,ly,ity ate.ed. 
 
 tran. Per,spire, Per-spiro. To evacuate fluids of the 
 
 body through the pores of the skin, able 
 ability ation atory ative. un able, trans 
 able ing ation. 
 
 semi un. Petrify, Petra-facio. To convert to stone, to 
 make callous, ed ing cate,ion. un ed. 
 Petrifaction ive. semi ion. 
 
 de. Pletho.ry, gr. Fullness of blood. ( ra ( ric ( retic. 
 
 de depleo, depletion. 
 Pliant, f. That may be easily bent, flexible, 
 ness. Plia^ble^bility^bleness. Pli- 
 
 co, to fold. 
 
 counter com Plot. Any scheme, to contrive, a small extent 
 
 under. of ground, ted ter ting, com ted ter ting 
 
 ment. counter ting, under. 
 
 dis im un. Plume, f. and Pluma. The feathers of a fowl, 
 token of honor, pride, less, un ed. im 
 ed ous. dis ed ing. 
 
 re un. Polish, f. To make smooth, refinement in man- 
 
 ners, er ing ed,ness able ment. un ed. 
 
 dis super Praise, commendation bestowed, ed er ful less 
 
 self un. able ing worthy ,ly,ness. un ed. super, 
 
 dis ed er ing,ly ible. 
 
 un. Profane, Profanus. Irreverent to any thing sa- 
 
 cred, to pollute, ed er ing ly ness ity 
 
 un ation. un ed. Fanum, a temple. 
 
 com un fore Promise, Promissum. Declaration made by one 
 person to another, ed er ing ee sory,ly. 
 uraing. com eder ing sorial. uncom ing. 
 
 re Pro and mitto, to send. 
 
 im re un. Print, w. To impress letters or figures — vari- 
 ously used, ed er ing less, un ed. re 
 ed ing. im ed ing. reim ed ing. 
 
 im un. Propitiate, Propitio. To conciliate, ed ing ion 
 
 or ory ble. Propitious ly ness. un ous, 
 ly. im ous. 
 
 ir un. Recover, f. To gain any thing, to obtain, ed or 
 
 ing ee able. ?/nedable. ?rable,ness ably. 
 9*
 
 102 
 
 mis out un. Reckon, sax. To count, compute, esteem, con- 
 clude, ed er ing. tin ed. out. 
 
 un. Rebuke, norm. To chide, reprove, restrain, or 
 
 punish, ed er ing ful,ly able, un able. 
 
 un. Replenish, norm. To fill, to finish, to complete, 
 
 ed ing. un ed. Plenus, full. 
 
 un. Request, .Requisitus. Expression of desire, pe- 
 
 tition, ed er ing. un ed. Quaero, to ask. 
 
 non. Resemble, f. To bear the likeness of, in any 
 
 respect, able ance ed ing. non ance. 
 Similis, like. 
 
 un. Respite, f. Temporary intermission, delay, to 
 
 suspend, ed ing. un ed. 
 
 un. Restore, 2?estauro. To give back, replace, or 
 
 heal, ed er ing ment al able ation ative. 
 
 un un ed. 
 
 in. Retrench, f. To cut off, to pare away, lessen or 
 
 abridge, ed ing ment. in ed ing ment. 
 
 unin ed. 
 ad a con. Restrict, i?estrictus. To limit, to confine within 
 
 bounds, ed ing ion ive,ly. con ed ing or 
 
 ion. as ed ing ion ive ory. ad ion ory. 
 ir un. Retrieve, f. To recover, regain, or repair, ed 
 
 ing able, ir able,ness ably, 
 super un. Reward, norm. To give in return either good or 
 
 evil, ed er ing able,ness. un ed. super. 
 dis en un. Robe, f. A kind of gown, a loose garment, to 
 
 dress, ed. un. dis ed ing. 
 mis dis un 
 
 com Re,pute, ReyuXo. To think, to account or reckon. 
 
 un ed,ly ing less able,ness ably ation. un 
 
 ^ able, mis ed. dis able ation. com ed er 
 
 ist ing able ation. miscom ation. im ed er 
 
 ing able,ness ation ative,ly. unim able, 
 circum. Rotajy, Rota. Turning as a wheel on its axis. 
 
 t te,ed,ion,ive,ory. circum ^ion. 
 super un. Royal, f. Kingly, noble, magnificent, ly ty ist 
 
 ism ize. un. super. 
 super. Sali ( ent, Saliens. Leaping, moving by leaps. 
 
 super tendency. Salio, to leap.
 
 103 
 
 un. Sanction, Sanctio. Ratification, to ratify or con- 
 
 firm, ed ing. un ed. Sanctus, from 
 sancio, sacred. 
 
 super un. Secular, f. Pertaining to things of this world, 
 ity ize,ed,ing,ation ness ly. un ize. su- 
 per. Seculum, the world, an age. 
 
 un re. Settle, sax. A seat or bench, to fix or establish, 
 
 to fall to the bottom. ed,ness ment ing. 
 un ed,ness ing. re ed ing. 
 
 dis un. Sever, f. To part by violence, to separate. al,ity, 
 
 ize,ly,ty ance. un ed. dis ed ing ance. 
 
 un. Slumber, sax. To sleep lightly, sloth, supine- 
 
 ness. er ing ous y. un ing. 
 
 un. Steady, sax. Firm, constant, regular, to keep 
 
 from shaking, ly ness. un ly ness. 
 
 ob. Stupefy, Stupefacio. To make stupid, dull, to 
 
 blunt the perception, er ing ^action 
 4 active. o5 4 action 4 active. Stupeo, to be 
 senseless. 
 
 un. Supplant. To undermine, to trip up the heels, 
 
 ed er ing ation. un ed. Planta, the 
 sole of the foot. 
 
 pre. Suppose, tS^positus. To state what may be, to 
 
 imagine, al able ed er ing ition,al itive, 
 ly itory. pre al ed ing ition. Pono, to 
 place. 
 
 over re un. Supply, Sw^pleo. To furnish what is wanted, to 
 fill, ed er ing ment. un able, re ed 
 pre over. Pleo, to fill. Rule 2. 
 
 pre. Sur,mise, norm. To suspect without certain 
 
 knowledge, suspicion, ed er ing al. 
 
 pre. pre. 
 non over. Sur,plus, f. Sur, lat. Plus. An excess of any 
 super. thing, age. super age. over. non. 
 
 super. Terrestrial, Terrestris. Pertaining to the earth. 
 
 ly. super. Terra, the earth. 
 un. Till, sax. To cultivate the ground, able age er 
 
 ing ed. un ed. 
 un. Tire, sax. To weary or fatigue. ed,ness some, 
 
 ness ing. un ed ing.
 
 104 
 
 uri 
 
 en in un. Tomb, f. and Tumulus. A grave or vault for the 
 dead. less. un. in ed ing. en ed ing. 
 unen ed. Tumeo, to swell. 
 
 super. Tragic, gr. and Tragicus. Pertaining to tra- 
 
 gedy, mournful. al,ly,ness. super al. — 
 Tragedy an. 
 
 semi. Transparent, Trans-pareo. Admitting a passage 
 
 for light, open. t ency 4 ent,ly,ness. semi 
 4 ent ( ency. 
 
 mal. Treat, f. To manage, to discourse, an entertain- 
 
 ment, ed er ing y ment ise,er able ably. 
 
 ir mal ed ing ment. 
 
 re. Turn, sax. To change the course — various 
 
 senses, ed er ing ery. re ed er ing 
 
 less able, irre able. 
 e. Vanish, Vanesco. To disappear, to pass away. 
 
 ed ing. e vanesc ence ent. 
 over un. Veil, Velum. To cover or hide, a cover of any 
 
 kind, un ed,ly. over. 
 anti. Varioloid, lat. Variolae and gr. eidos. A varied 
 
 form resembling small-pox. 
 in. Vinci ( ble, Vinco. That may be overcome, ness. 
 
 ?n 4 ble,ness ( bly. 
 re un. Visit, Visito. To come to see, to attend, the act 
 
 of going, ed er ing ant able ation orial 
 
 atorial. un ed. re ed ing ation. Viso, 
 
 from video, to see. 
 un. Vital, Vitalis. Pertaining to life, either animal 
 
 or vegetable, ity ize ly. un. Vita, life. 
 un. Vitiate, Vitio. To injure the substance of any 
 
 thing, to make it impure, ed ing ion. 
 un . un ed. Vitium, vice. 
 
 fore un. Warn, sax. To give notice of approaching dan- 
 ger, to caution, ed er ing. un ed. fore 
 ed ing. unfore ed. 
 
 over. Whelm, sax. To cover with water or other fluid, 
 
 to overburden, ed ing. over ing,ly. 
 
 semi. Metalloid. Resembling a metal, in some respects 
 
 like a metal, semi.
 
 105 
 
 over un. 
 un 
 un. 
 un. 
 
 UD. 
 
 un. 
 
 
 un. 
 
 
 un. 
 
 
 un. 
 
 
 mis un. 
 
 
 
 re 
 
 after 
 
 in 
 
 mis un. 
 
 
 re. 
 
 
 un. a. 
 
 
 Awe, dan. Fear mingled with reverence, ed 
 
 ful,ly,ness. over, un ed. 
 Bleach, sax. To whiten or make white, ed er, 
 
 y ing. un ed. 
 Blind, sax. Destitute of the sense of seeing, ed 
 
 ing ly ness fold,ed,ing. 
 Candid, Candidus. White, fair, open, frank, free 
 
 from bias, impartial, ly ness. un. Can- 
 
 deo, to be white. 
 Care, sax. Concern, anxiety, solicitude, caution. 
 
 ful,ly,ness less,ly,ness. un ed. over 
 
 ful. Cura, care. 
 Contrite, Contritus. Broken-hearted for sin, 
 
 humble, penitent, ly ness ion. un. — 
 
 Tero,tritum, to rub. 
 Dedicate, Dedico. To set apart and consecrate 
 
 to a sacred use. ed ing ion or ory. un 
 
 ed. Dico, to consecrate. 
 Mild, sax. Soft, gentle, not acrid, moderate, 
 
 calm, ly ness. un ness. 
 Ornament, Ornamentum. That which embel- 
 lishes, to adorn, ed ing al,ly. un ed al. 
 Rectify, Rectus-facio. To make right, to correct. 
 
 ed er ing able cation, un ed. 
 Repine. To fret one's self, to murmur, to feel 
 
 discontent, er ing,ly. un ing,ly. 
 Shape, sax. To form, mould or adjust the form. 
 
 ly,ness ed less,ness. un en. 
 
 State, Status. The condition of any thing, rank, 
 to express, body politic. ed,ly ly,ness 
 ment. in ed ing. rein ed ing merit, after, 
 un. mis ed ing ment. Sto, to stand. 
 
 Supine, Supinus. Lying on the back, heedless, 
 indolent, ly ness ator ation. re ate.ion. 
 
 Symmetry, gr. A due proportion of parts ize 
 icaljy ist ian. un ical. a.
 
 106 
 
 SECTION XX. 
 
 Seventh Exercise. 
 
 all. Abandon, f. To forsake entirely, to renounce, de- 
 sert, or resign, 
 nn. Abolish, Aboleo, abolitio. To make void, annul, or 
 
 destroy. 
 un. Abridge, f. To make shorter, to contract, lessen, or 
 
 diminish. Brevis, short. 
 un. Adapt. Adapto, adaptatus. To make suitable, to fit 
 
 to the use. Apto, to ft. 
 un. Addict, Ad&\co, acMictus. To apply one's self 
 
 habitually to any thing. Dico, to dedicate. 
 in. Adequate, ^t/equatus. Equal to, fully sufficient. 
 
 Aequus, equal. 
 un. Adulterate, Adultero. Tainted by adultery, debased 
 
 by mixture, 
 dis. Advantage, f. Benefit, to yield profit, to promote in- 
 terest, 
 un. Alleviate, .AZlevio. To make light, to remove in 
 
 part. Levis, light, 
 un. Ambition, Amhiiio. A desire to excel. Am and eo, 
 
 to go around. 
 un. Ambiguous, .Ambiguus. Doubtful, having two or 
 
 more meanings. Am and ago. 
 un. Amiable, Amabilis. Deserving of love or esteem. 
 
 Amo, to love. 
 un. Analyze, gr. To resolve a body into its elements, to 
 
 separate a compound, 
 un. Analogy, gr. Likeness in some respects between 
 
 things, 
 un. Apology, gr. An excuse, 
 un. Appease, f. To make quiet, to calm, or pacify. 
 
 Pax, pacis, peace. 
 un. Apprise, f. To inform or give notice. 
 un. Arraign, norm. To call a prisoner to the bar, to 
 
 accuse.
 
 107 
 
 un. Assail, f. Ad-salio. To fall upon by violence, to 
 attack. 
 
 co Belligerent, Bellum-Gerens. Waging war. 
 
 un Benefit Bencficium. An act of kindness, profit. 
 Bene-Facio, to do well. 
 
 un. Blemish. Any mark of deformity, reproach 
 
 un. Cancel. To blot out, obliterate, annul, or cross out. 
 Cancello, to cut cross-wise. 
 
 un. Censure, Censura. The act of blaming, to blame. 
 
 un. Clarify, Clarus-facio. To make clear or purify. 
 
 in. Clem 4 ency, dementia. Mildness of temper, merci- 
 ful. Clemens, mild. 
 
 in. Commensurate, it. and Commensus. Reducible to 
 the same measure. Mensura, a measure. 
 
 un. Commiserate, Commiseor, commiseratus. To pity, 
 or feel sorrow for. Miser, miserable. 
 
 in. Combustion, Combustio. A burning, tumult or up- 
 roar. Comburo, to burn, from Uro. 
 
 in. Competent, Ct/mpetens. Suitable, fit, adequate, 
 sufficient for. 
 
 in. Compatible, f. Consistent, suitable, agreeable. 
 
 un. Connive, Connheo. To close the eyes upon, or 
 overlook a fault. Niveo, to wink. 
 
 un. Contumacy, Contumacia. Stubbornness, obstinacy, 
 unyielding. Tumeo, to swell. 
 
 in in 
 
 abs. Con,tin ( ence, Continentia. Restraint imposed on 
 the passions. Teneo, to hold. 
 
 un. Deify, Deus-facio. To make a god, to exalt. 
 
 mis. Demean, f. To behave or conduct one's self. 
 
 un. Demolish, Demolior, demolitio. To throw down, 
 destroy, or lay in ruins. Moles, a heap. 
 
 in. Delicate, f. and Dcliciae. Of a fine texture, nice, 
 feeble. 
 
 un. Deprave, Depxavo, Jcpravatio. To make bad or cor- 
 rupt, to impair. Pravus, wrong, wicked. 
 
 ex. Des,ecrate, De-sacro. To divert from a sacred pur- 
 pose. Sacer, holy. 
 
 un. Discipline, Zh'sciplina. Education, government, cor- 
 rection. Discipulus, a scholar, from disco, 
 to learn.
 
 108 
 
 in. Discriminate, Dwcrimino. To distinguish or mark 
 
 the difference. 
 un. Dissemble, Dis-similo, dissimilatio. To disguise or 
 
 pretend that to be which is not. Similis, 
 
 like. 
 un. Dissipate, Dissipatus. To scatter, disperse, or drive 
 
 asunder, 
 pre. Dominate, Dominatus. To rule over, to govern. 
 
 Domus, a house, 
 in. Ebriety, Ebrietas. Drunkenness, 
 un. Equivocate, f. and Equus-vocatus. To use words of 
 
 a doubtful meaning. Voco, to call, 
 in. Ex,hale, i?a:halo, exhalatio. To send out as vapor, 
 
 to breathe out. Halo, to breathe. 
 un. Exhilerate, i?;rhilero. To make merry, to enliven, 
 
 to cheer. Hilaris, merry. 
 un. Except, f. To leave out, to exclude, or object to. 
 
 Ex-capio, to take from. 
 un. Exorable, £xorabilis. That may be moved by en- 
 treaty. Oro, to entreat, os the mouth. 
 un. Expand, .Ea-pando, expansum. To enlarge, spread, 
 
 or open, 
 in. Ex,trinsic, Extrinsicus. External, outward, 
 un. Extol, -Etftollo. To raise in words, to praise, or 
 
 eulogize, 
 con. Federate, Federatus. Leagued or united. Foedus, 
 
 a covenant. 
 in. Fidelity, Fidelitas. Faithfulness, honesty. Fides, 
 
 faith. 
 un. Frustrate, Frustro. To defeat or disappoint, 
 con. Gratulate, Gratulor. To express joy. Gratus, 
 
 grateful. 
 un. Hallow, sax. To make holy, to consecrate. 
 in. Hearse, f. A carriage for the dead, to put in a 
 
 hearse, 
 un. Humble, Humilis. Lowly, meek, modest, to abase 
 
 or subdue, to mortify. Humus, the ground. 
 in. Hospitable, Hospitabilis. Kindness to strangers, 
 
 kindness. Hospes, a guest. 
 de. In,crease, /ncresco. To become greater in any 
 
 sense.
 
 109 
 
 ex. In,liumate, /nhumo. To bury or inter the dead. 
 
 Humus, the ground. 
 un. Initiate, Initio. To instruct in first principles, to in- 
 troduce. Eo, to go. 
 un. Insulate, Insula. To place in a detached situation. 
 ex. Internal, Internus. intrinsic. 
 il. Luxury, Luxuria. Extravagant indulgence in any 
 
 thing. 
 im. Maculate, Maculo. To spot or stain. Macula, a 
 
 stain. 
 im. Martial, Martialis. Pertaining to war. Mars, the 
 
 god of war. 
 un. Mutilate, Mutilo. To cut or break off as a limb, 
 pre. Notion, Notio. Opinion, sentiment, conception. 
 
 Nosco, to knoiv. 
 in. Novation, Novatum. To change or alter. Novus, new. 
 in. Nutrition, Nutritio. Promoting growth, that which 
 
 nourishes. Nutrio, to nurse. 
 pre. Omen, Omen. A sign, indication, prognostic, 
 im. Penitent, Poenitens. One who repents of his sins, 
 
 suffering sorrow on account of sins. Poena, 
 
 punishment. 
 un. Perjury, Perjurium. Wilfully making a false oath. 
 
 Juro, to swear. 
 un. Persecute Persecutes. To pursue to injure, vex, 
 
 or harass. Sequor, to pursue. 
 im. Pertinent, Pertinens. Related to the matter in hand. 
 
 Teneo, to hold. 
 im. Placable, Placabilis. That may be appeased. Placo, 
 
 to appease. 
 im. Politjr, gr. The form of civil government. Polis, 
 
 a city. 
 un. Popular, popularis. Beloved by, or pertaining to the 
 
 common people. 
 im. Probity, Probitas. Tried virtue, strict honesty. Pro- 
 bus, honest. 
 un. Precarious, Precarius. Uncertain, a doubtful tenure, 
 ap. Proximate, Proximatus. Nearest, next, drawing 
 
 near. Prope, near. 
 un. Prejudice, Prejudicium, pre-judico. Prejudgment, 
 
 mischief, damage. 
 10
 
 110 
 
 e. Radicate, Radicatus. To root or plant deeply. 
 
 Radix, a root. 
 en. Rapture, Raptus. Ecstacy, transport, a seizing by 
 
 violence. Rapio, to snatch. 
 e. Rasure, Rasura. The act of scraping or erasing. 
 
 Rado, to scrape. 
 un. Relent, Relentesco. To soften in any sense, less 
 
 rigid. Lenis, mild. 
 un. Refract, iiefractus. To break the natural course in 
 
 rays of light. 
 un. Repugnant, Repugnans. opposite, contrary, fighting 
 
 against. Puguus, the fist. 
 un. Resent, f. and ivesentio. To take ill, to be offended. 
 
 Sentio, to think. 
 un. Rescue, norm. To deliver, or save from, 
 un. Reserve, Reservo, reservatum. To keep in store, 
 
 held back in the mind, 
 ir. Resolute, f. Having a fixed purpose, firm, bold, 
 
 un. Reveal, jRevelo, revelatus. To disclose, to show or 
 
 make known. Velo, to cover. 
 un. Ridicule, Ridiculum. Contemptuous laughter. Ri- 
 
 deo, to mock. 
 in. Salubrious, Sahibrio. Favorable to health. Salus, 
 safety, health. 
 Servile, Servilis. Slavish, mean, fawning. Servus, 
 
 a servant. 
 un. Sophist, gr. and Sophista. A professor of philoso- 
 phy, a captious reasoner. Sophia, wisdom. 
 un. Special, Specialis. Particular, extraordinary. Spe- 
 
 cio, to see. 
 in. Suavity, Suavitas. Sweetness (in its sense), agree- 
 
 ableness, pleasantness. — Suavis, sweet. 
 un. Superfluous, Svperfiuus, Super-fluo. Overflowing, 
 
 more than is needful. 
 re. Suscitate, Suscito. To rouse, to call into life or action, 
 un. Suspicious, Suspiciosus. Inclined to suspect. Spe 
 
 cio, to look or see. 
 un. System, Systema. An assemblage of things or prin- 
 ciples adjusted, order. 
 in. Timid, Timidus, Fearful, wanting courage. Timeo, 
 
 to fear.
 
 Ill 
 
 in. Tolerance, Tolerans. The power or act of doing or 
 permitting, 'folio, to bear or suffer. 
 
 in. Tranquil, Tranquillus. Quiet, calm, peaceful. 
 
 bi. UnijCorn, Unus-cornu. An animal with one horn. 
 
 in. Urbane, Urbanus. Civil, courteous in manner. Urbs, 
 a city. 
 
 in. Utility, Utilitas. Usefulness (in the sense of the 
 word). Utor, to use. 
 
 e. Vacate, Vaco, vacuo. Empty, to make void. 
 
 un. Vanquish, f. To conquer, overcome, or refute. 
 
 un. Venerate, Veneror veneratio, venerabilis. To re- 
 gard with veneration. Oro, to ask, venia, 
 pardon. 
 
 in. Vigilance, Vigilans. State of being awake, watchful. 
 
 in. Vulnerate, Vulnero. To wound, to hurt. Vulnus, 
 a wound. 
 
 SECTION XXI. 
 
 Eighth Exercise. 
 
 N. B. In many words in and un, alternate, as «?igrateful 
 and mgratitude — dis and mis, according to Dr. Webster, 
 may with propriety be prefixed to many words where they 
 are now omitted. The same is true of several other pre- 
 fixes forming words not in common use. 
 
 dis in. Abuse, f. To use ill, improper treatment, or 
 
 perverted use. Ab and utor, to use. 
 
 over super. Abound, Abundo, abundans. To possess much 
 of, being very prevalent. Undo (obso- 
 lete). Whence unda, a wave. 
 un un 
 
 ar de. Abrogate, Abxoga. To repeal or annul, by 
 
 authority, to call from. Rogo, to beg, 
 
 desire, ask. 
 mis un. Accept, .Accepto. To receive what is offered, 
 
 to consent or agree to. Capio, to take. 
 un. Accomplish, f. To complete, gain, or finish 
 
 entirely. Pleo, to fill.
 
 112 
 
 un 
 
 con dis. Ac,cord, f. To agree of our own will, har- 
 mony of minds. Probably, Cor, cordis, 
 the heart. 
 
 in. Accurate, .Accuratus. In exact conformity, in 
 
 the sense used. Cura, care. 
 
 re un. Adjust, sp. To put in order, to make exact, to 
 
 settle. Jus. legal or right. 
 un 
 
 con in. Af,flict, .A/flic tus. To give pain to body or 
 
 mind, to grieve. Fligo, to beat. 
 co re under. Agent, Agens. An actor, an active cause or 
 
 power. Ago, to do or drive. 
 dis un. Agree,/. To be of one mind, to assent to or 
 
 admit, concordant. Gratia, from gratus, 
 
 favor. 
 dis un. Allow, f. To grant, yield, admit, approve, or 
 
 afford. Laus, praise. 
 inter pre. Al,lude, AVlxxAo, allusum, to refer to, to hint at. 
 
 Ad and ludo, to play. 
 e. Iljude (same root). To play upon by artifice, 
 
 to deceive, or mock. 
 de. Col,lude (same root). To play into the hand of 
 
 each other, to conspire in a fraud, 
 dis un. Allay. To make quiet, pacify, or appease. 
 
 in un. Alter, Alter, alteratio. To change, or in 
 
 any respect make different. Alter, 
 
 another. 
 un 
 
 be. A,muse, f. To entertain the mind, to occupy the 
 
 attention. Musa, a song. 
 re un. Annex, A?mecto. To join to, to affix, unite, or 
 
 subjoin, 
 un 
 
 e pro. An,nounce, Ad-nuntio. To publish, proclaim to, 
 
 or pronounce, to declare to. Nuncius, 
 a messenger. 
 
 semi super. Annu 4 al, f. and Annus. Yearly, returning every 
 year.
 
 113 
 
 un 
 
 itn. Ap,peach. To accuse, to censure. Pecco, to 
 
 do wrong. 
 in un. Applicable. Suitable, fit, or proper. Plico, to 
 
 fold. 
 in un. Approach, f. To come near, to advance, to 
 
 have access. Prope, near. 
 dis un. Array, norm. Order of troops, to deck, or dress 
 
 in un. Art, Ars, artifex, artificis. Modification of 
 
 things by human skill. 
 in un. Articulate, Articulatus. To utter words dis- 
 
 tinctly. Artus, a joint. 
 re un. Assemble, f. To collect in numbers, to meet 
 
 together, 
 re un. Assert, ^ssertum. To affirm, aver, maintain, or 
 
 defend. Sero, to sow or plant. 
 re un. Attack, f. To assault or assail by force or 
 
 words. 
 un un 
 
 re. A,venge, f. To take satisfaction for an injury. 
 
 Vindex. a punisher. 
 
 dis un. Avow, f. To declare openly, to own or confess. 
 
 Voveo, to vow. 
 
 in pre. Audible, Audibilis. That may be heard. Audio, 
 
 to hear. 
 
 dis ex un. Author, Auctor. The writer of a book, first 
 mover. 
 
 re un. Baptize, gr. To administer baptism. 
 
 over un. Bend, sax. To crook, incline or curve, to sub- 
 due. 
 
 out un. Blush, d. To redden in the cheeks, reddish 
 
 colour. 
 
 de en. Camp, Campus. Ground occupied by an army, 
 
 to camp. 
 
 in. Cap ( able, f. Able to hold, having sufficient 
 
 capacity. Capio, to hold or take. 
 
 in re. Capacious, Capax, capacitas. Wide, large, ex- 
 
 tensive. Capio. 
 
 re un. Celebrate, celebro. To praise or distinguish 
 
 Celebris, renowned, 
 10*
 
 114 
 
 in un. Chaste, f. Pure, uncorrupted. Castus, pure. 
 
 in un. Civil, Civilis. Relating to policy, sober, well- 
 
 bred. Civis, a citizen. 
 
 en out. Compass, f. To extend around, to attain or to 
 
 contrive. 
 
 re un. Compensate, Compenso. To make amends, to 
 
 give an equivalent. Pendo, to weigh 
 or pay. 
 un 
 
 dis. Com,placent, Complacens. Civil, softness of 
 
 manners. Placeo, to please. 
 
 in un. Conclude, Coracludo, conclusum. To decide, 
 
 finish, infer, or shut. 
 
 dis pre. Concert, it. To contrive and settle an agree- 
 ment. 
 
 in un. Condition, Conditio. Particular state of any 
 
 thing. Do, to give or bestow. 
 
 ir un 
 
 re un. Conciliate, Concilio. To win, reconcile, or gain 
 the affections. Concilium, a council. 
 after mis. Conduct, sp. Good or bad actions, behavior. 
 in un. Congeal, Ccmgelo, congelatum. To become 
 
 stiff or thick. Gelu, frost. 
 
 dis in. Congru ous, Congruus. Suitable, consistent, fit. 
 
 Grus, a swan. 
 reun 
 
 de. Con,secrate, Consecro, consecratus. To set 
 
 apart, or make sacred. Sacer, sacred. 
 
 anti non. Contagion, Contagio. Communicating by 
 touch, a touch. Tango, to touch. 
 
 in un. Control, f. To keep under check, to restrain, 
 
 or govern. 
 dis 
 
 con in. Corporate, Corporatus. United in a body. Cor- 
 pus, a body. 
 
 in. Corporeal. Having a material body, opposed to 
 
 spirit. Corpus. 
 
 in un Corrupt, Comiptus. To vitiate in any sense 
 
 Rumpo, to break. 
 
 dis en. Courage, f. Bravery, valor, boldness.
 
 115 
 
 en tin. Damage, f. Any hurt, injury, or loss, to harm, 
 
 be un. Dazzle, sax. To overpower with light, to blind 
 
 by glare, 
 dis re 
 
 em. De,bark, f. To land from a ship, boat, &c. 
 
 un 
 
 in. Debt, Debitum. Whatever is owing from one 
 
 to another. Debeor, to be due. 
 
 in. Decent, Decens. Becoming in words, be- 
 
 havior, dress, or appearance. Decet, 
 it becomes. 
 
 un 
 
 en. Dear, sax. High price, beloved or precious. 
 
 in un. Decide, Decldo, decisum. To end or deter- 
 
 mine, to fix. Caedo, to cut or slay. 
 
 de in. Decorous, Decorus. Decent, suitable, or be- 
 
 coming. Decet, becoming. 
 
 in un. Define, DeCmo, Definitio. To determine or 
 
 mark the limit, to bound. Finis, the end. 
 
 re un. Deliver, f. To free, release, surrender, utter, 
 
 or pronounce. Liber, free. 
 
 ante post. Deluge, Deluvium. An overflowing of water, 
 to overwhelm. 
 
 in un. Demonstrate, Demonstro. To prove beyond a 
 
 doubt. Monstro, to show. 
 
 un un 
 
 im. De,plore, Deploro. To lament, bewail, to mourn, 
 
 to cry out. 
 un 
 
 pre. Destine, Destino, Destinatio. To ordain, ap- 
 
 point, or devote. 
 
 en in. De,velop, f. To uncover, disclose, or unravel. 
 
 Velo, to cover or conceal. 
 
 in un. Discern, Discexno. To separate by the eye or 
 
 understanding. 
 
 in un. Discreet, f. Prudent in avoiding evil, cautious, 
 
 not rash. Cerno, to discern or sift. 
 
 re un. Discuss, Zh'scussum. To debate or agitate by 
 
 argument. Cutio, from quatio, to shake.
 
 116 
 
 in un. Dispute, Disputo, disputatio. To contend in 
 
 argument, strife. 
 
 un 
 de. 
 
 in over. 
 
 dis un. 
 
 pre super. 
 
 mis un. 
 
 Dis,till, DistiWo, distillatio. To flow in drops, 
 or extract by heat. Stilla, a drop. 
 
 Edify, Edifico, edificatus. To build, to instruct 
 or improve the mind. Aedes, a house. 
 1 
 
 Ef,face, f. To blot out, erase, to impair any im- 
 pression. Ex and facies, the form. 
 
 Eleg ( ant, Elegans. Polished, polite, refined, 
 beautiful. 
 
 Embarrass, f. To perplex, entangle, or render 
 intricate. 
 
 Emin 4 ent, £minens. High, lofty, exalted in 
 rank. Mineo, to hang over. 
 
 Employ, f. To occupy the time, or in any way 
 be engaged. 
 
 ad de. 
 
 per. En,dure, f. To last, remain, undergo Durus, 
 
 hard. 
 in. Evitable, isvitabilis. That may be shunned. 
 
 Vito, to shun. 
 
 super self. Exalt, f. To raise high, to elevate. Altus, high. 
 
 in un. Exhaust, .Exhaustum. To draw out, to drain, 
 
 to use the whole. Haurio, to drain or 
 
 draw. 
 
 Ex,hort, jBxhortor, exhortatus. To advise, 
 
 caution, or urge by words. 
 Expedient, isxpediens. Suitable for the pur- 
 pose, useful. 
 Experience, .Experiens. Series of trials, ob- 
 servation. Peritus, tried. 
 Explain, .Explano, explanatum. To make plain, 
 
 expound. Planus, smooth. 
 Expose, f. and isrrpositus. To lay open, un- 
 cover, to make liable, to offer. Ex and 
 pono, to lay out. 
 Fabricate, Fabrico. To frame, construct, form, 
 manufacture. 
 
 in un. 
 
 in un.
 
 in un. 
 
 in. 
 
 
 in 
 
 
 de 
 
 in. 
 
 con de. 
 
 bi 
 
 un. 
 
 in 
 
 un. 
 
 i n 
 
 re. 
 
 117 
 
 in un. Fail, f. To become deficient, to decay, de- 
 
 sert. 
 
 de in. Fame. Fama. Public report, renown, rumor. 
 
 mis un. Fashion, f. The make or form of any thing, to 
 shape. 
 
 dis. un. Favor, f. Kind regard, or act, to resemble, to 
 
 befriend. Faveo, to favor. 
 
 counter un. Ferment, Fermentum. To heat, or work, to 
 set in motion. 
 Fertile, f. and Fertilis. Fruitful, rich, inventive. 
 Felicity, Felicitas. Happiness, blessedness, 
 prosperity. Felix, happy. 
 
 Finite, Finitus. Having a limit. Finis, the end. 
 Flagrant Flagrans, flagratum. Burning, ardent, 
 
 glaring. 
 Fold, sax. A pen, enclosure, a plait, to double. 
 Frequ t ent, Frequens. Often, to be often at. 
 Frigid, Frigidus, refrigero. Cold, dull, wanting 
 zeal. Frigus, cold. 
 in un. Frugal, Frugalis. A prudent use of any thing. 
 
 Fruges. 
 over un. Fruit, f. Whatever the earth produces, a con- 
 sequence. Fructus, fruges, fruit. 
 un 
 
 af Fright, sax. Sudden fear, terror. 
 
 re un. Gain, f. To obtain or win — used in various 
 
 senses, 
 
 con sub. Globe, Globus. A round ball or sphere, 
 
 in un. Grateful, Gratus. A due sense of benefits 
 
 be un. Grudge, w. To envy or murmur, hatred, 
 un 
 
 be. Guile, f. Craft, cunning, artifice, 
 
 dis 
 
 in. Heritable. Capable of being inherited. Haeres, 
 
 an heir. 
 in super. Human, Humanus. Belonging to man. 
 in un. Humane, Humanus. Having feelings peculiar 
 
 to man, kindness.
 
 118 
 
 lr 
 re. 
 
 re un. 
 
 mis un. 
 dis un. 
 re 
 
 en. 
 mis. 
 
 in un. 
 
 dis re un. 
 
 self un. 
 di. 
 
 un 
 
 en. 
 un. 
 
 un 
 ilobT 
 
 il over. 
 
 un 
 
 ah 
 un 
 
 e. 
 
 mis un. 
 be un. 
 non un. 
 
 im un. 
 
 un 
 
 Im,pair, f. To make worse in any sense. Paro, 
 to make or shape. 
 
 Importune, import unus. To request with ur- 
 gency. Porto, to carry. 
 
 Improve, norm. To make better in any sense. 
 
 Ingenuous, Ingenuus. Open, frank, fair, noble. 
 
 In,list. To enter military service, to engage in. 
 
 Interpret, Interpreter, interpretatio. To explain 
 words, or any thing. 
 
 Irritate, Irrito. To excite anger, to fret, excite 
 heat. Ira, anger. 
 
 Joint, f. The joining of two or more things. 
 Jungo, to join. 
 
 Justify, Justus-facio. To make just, to defend. 
 
 Lacerate, Lacero. To tear or rend with vio- 
 lence. 
 
 Large, Largus. Big, wide, copious. 
 License, Licentia. Leave or permission, to 
 grant. Liceo, to be lawful. 
 
 Literate, Literatus. Learned, lettered, scien- 
 tific. Litera, a letter. 
 
 Liberal, Liberalis. Of a free heart, generous 
 Liber, free. 
 
 Lure, f. Any enticement held out, to entice. 
 
 Mancipate, Mancxyo. To enslave, to bind. 
 Manus and Capio. 
 
 Manage, f. To conduct, govern, or direct. 
 
 Mangle, dan. To cut with a dull instrument. 
 
 Manufacture, f. and Manu-facio. Any thing 
 made by hand. 
 
 Malleable, f. Malleatus. That may be drawn 
 out or hammered. Malleus, a ham- 
 mer.
 
 119 
 
 com lm. 
 im un. 
 im inter. 
 
 un 
 
 pre un. 
 
 im un. 
 all un. 
 a im. 
 
 re un. 
 
 im un. 
 
 ac disac 
 com. 
 
 im over. 
 
 un 
 im. 
 
 im un. 
 
 equi sub. 
 
 ir 
 re. 
 
 in 
 e. 
 
 de inter. 
 
 equi un. 
 
 Material, f. and Materia. Consisting of matter, 
 
 important. 
 Mechanic, Mechanicus. A person skilled in 
 
 the arts. 
 Mediate, f. Middle, to interpose, to effect a 
 
 union. Medius, the middle. 
 
 Meditate, Meditor. To contemplate, intend or 
 
 plan. 
 Melody, gr. Agreeable succession of sounds. 
 Mercy, f. Mildness, favor, kindness. 
 Method, Methodus. Suitable arrangement, 
 
 order, 
 Mind, sax. Intellect, purpose, to fix the 
 
 thoughts, to obey. 
 Mitigate, Mitigo. To alleviate, abate, or calm. 
 
 Mitis, mild. 
 
 \ ** ,|! Modus-facio. Manner of existing, 
 
 method, form. 
 Modest, Modestus. Sense of propriety, not bold. 
 Modus, a manner. 
 
 Mortal, Mortalis. A human being, deadly, sub- 
 ject to death. Mors, death. 
 
 Mortify, f. Mors facio. To destroy vital func- 
 tions, to humble. 
 
 Multiply, Mw/^plico, multiplicatus. To increase 
 as numbers. Multus and Plico. 
 
 Munerate, Munero, muneratus. To reward or 
 recompense. Munus, a gift. 
 
 Narrate, Narro. To tell, rehearse, relate, or 
 
 write. 
 Nation, Natio. A body of people under one 
 
 government. Nascor, to he born. 
 Necessity, iVecessitas. That which cannot be 
 
 otherwise.
 
 120 
 
 un 
 
 in ob. Noxious, Noxius. Hurtful or pernicious, guilty, 
 
 un 
 
 dis un. Oblige, f. To constrain, to please, or do a 
 
 favor. Ligo, to bind. 
 de un. Obstruct, Obstructum. To block up, hinder, or 
 
 stop. 
 co pre. Option, Optio. Power of choosing, choice 
 
 Opto, to choose. 
 in 
 
 co in sub. Ordinate, Ordinatus. Regular, methodical, a 
 
 line. Ordo, order, rank. 
 ab un. Origin, Origo. First existence, foundation, 
 
 re un. Pacific, Pacificus, pacificatio. Making peace, 
 
 calm or tranquil. Pax and Facio. 
 dis im. Parity, f. Equality, like state or degree. Par, 
 
 equal. 
 un 
 
 im em. Pass ( ion, Passio. An excitement of the mind, 
 
 ardour, suffering. Patior, to suffer. 
 
 im un. Patron, Patronus. One who countenances or 
 
 supports. Pater, a father. 
 
 bi sub. Quadrate, Quadratus. A square, four equal 
 
 sides. Quatuor, four. 
 
 fore mis. Quote, f. To cite as a passage from another 
 author, to name. 
 
 all 
 
 en out. Rage, f. Violent anger, fury, to rage. 
 
 ir un. Redeem, .Rcdimo. To purchase back or ran- 
 
 som. Emo, to buy. 
 
 dis un. Regard, f. To look towards, observe — has 
 
 many senses. 
 
 ir un. Revere, .Reveror. To regard with fear mingled 
 
 with respect. Vereor, to fear. 
 
 im un. Perish, f. To die, in a state of decay. 
 
 im un. Plausible Plausibilis. That may be applauded. 
 
 Plaudo. 
 
 dis un. Please, Placeo. To excite agreeable emotions, 
 
 to satisfy.
 
 121 
 
 com counter. Petition, Petitio. Requestor prayer, to make 
 request. Peto, to ask or seek. 
 
 im un. Polite, Politus. Courteous, refined, smooth, 
 
 gr. Polis, a city. 
 
 im un. Precise, Praecisus. Exact, nice or formal. 
 
 Caedo, to cut. 
 
 counter un. Practice, f. Customary actions, to do fre- 
 quently. 
 
 im un. Prepare, Praeparo, praeparatum. To fit, adapt, 
 
 make ready. 
 
 im un. Prosper, Prospero. To favor, render success- 
 
 ful, to thrive. Spes, hope. 
 
 im un. Provide, Provideo, Provisum. To procure be- 
 
 forehand, to foresee. Video, to see. 
 
 im juris. Prudence, Prudentia. Wisdom applied to prac- 
 tice, caution. 
 
 re un. Publish, Publico, publicatio. To make public, 
 
 utter, or print a book. Populus, the 
 people. 
 
 im un. Pure, Purus. Free from all impurities, genuine. 
 
 ir un. Remedy, Remedium. That which cures a dis- 
 
 ease, or counteracts evil. 
 
 ir un. Reproach, f. To censure, upbraid, or treat with 
 
 scorn. 
 
 after mis. Report, .Reporto. To bear back an answer, 
 something told, 
 non 
 
 pre. Re,side, iZesido, residens. To have a settled 
 
 abode, to dwell. Sedeo, to sit or fix. 
 un 
 
 super. Re, vise, Revisus. To review, to re-examine, or 
 
 correct. Video, to see. 
 cor out un. Rival, Rivalis. One striving for an object in 
 
 opposition. 
 all un. Sanctify, Sanctifico, sanctificatio. To make 
 
 holy, to set apart. Sanctus and 
 
 Facio. 
 in non. Sane, Sanus. Sound, healthy, having reason, 
 
 in un. Satiate, Satiatus. To fill, satisfy, or glut. Satis 
 
 enough. 
 
 11
 
 122 
 
 dis un. Satisfy, Satisfacio. To gratify the wants, sup- 
 
 ply, pay, convince. Satis and Facio. 
 
 demi. semi. Savage, f. Wild, untamed, uncivilized, cruel, 
 barbarous. 
 
 in per. Scrutiny, f. and Inscrutabilis. Close search, 
 
 minute inquiry. Scrutor, to search. 
 
 in un. Separate, /Separo, separabilis. To disunite, 
 
 divide or part. 
 
 a un. Shame, sax. Painful sensation arising from a 
 
 sense of guilt. 
 
 con in. Signify, Significo, significatio. To express 
 
 meaning. 
 
 in un. Sincere, Sincerus, sinceritas. Pure, unmixed, 
 
 real, not feigned. Sine, without, cera, 
 wax, or pure, unmixed. 
 
 dis un 
 
 en. Slave, dan. One held at the will of another, a 
 
 servant, mean fellow, 
 dis. 
 
 e. Spouse, f. One engaged in wedlock, to wed. 
 
 in un. Stable, Stabilis. Fixed, steady, durable. Sto, to 
 
 stand. 
 un 
 
 be. Strew, goth. To scatter or spread. 
 
 in. Subordinate, Sub-ordinatus. Inferior in the 
 
 sense as used. Ordo, rank or order. 
 in 
 
 con. Subsequent, Subsequens. Following in time 
 
 or order. Sequor, to follow or pursue. 
 
 dis. Suc,cinct, Swccinctus, Brief, compressed, tuck- 
 
 ed up. 
 
 in un. Support, Supporto. To bear, sustain, uphold, 
 
 maintenance. 
 
 de per. Sulphur, f. A simple combustible substance, 
 
 yellow. 
 
 all re. Survey, norm. To take a view of, to measure, 
 
 examine. Video, to see. 
 
 un 
 
 re. Sur,vive, f. and Svpervivo. To outlive, to re- 
 
 main alive.
 
 123 
 
 in un. Susceptible, Suscipio. Capable of some addition, 
 
 tender, nice sensibility. Capio, to take. 
 
 de Spoil, Spolio, spoliatio. To plunder, rob, cor- 
 
 rupt, ruin, that which is taken. Spolium. 
 
 at un. Taint, Tingo. To imbue, corrupt, stain, infect, 
 
 or poison. 
 
 in sub. Tangible, Tango, tangens. To perceive by the 
 
 touch. 
 
 re un 
 
 at. Tempt, f. and Tentatus. To incite to evil, to 
 
 entice. Tento, to try. 
 
 in un. Tenable, f. Teneo. That may be held or main- 
 
 tained. 
 
 at ex. Tenu t ous, Tenuis. Thin, small, minute. 
 
 ab 
 
 in. Testate, Testatus. Having left a will. Testis, 
 
 a witness. 
 be fore. Token, sax. A sign or mark, 
 mis un. Torture, f. and Tortor. Extreme anguish of 
 
 body or mind, to inflict pain, 
 over un. Thwart, dan. To transverse, to cross or oppose, 
 in un. Tractable, Tractabilis. That may be easily 
 
 lead or taught. Tracto. 
 mis un. Translate, Translatus. To interpret, to bear 
 
 from one place to another. Trans- 
 
 Fero. 
 dis re. Union, f. and Unus. The act of joining, a con- 
 
 junction, 
 dis re. Unite, Unitus. To put together, join, or cause 
 
 to adhere. 
 in. Valid, Validus. Having sufficient strength, 
 
 powerful. Valeo, to be strong. 
 de e. Vapor, Vapor. Invisible elastic fluid, steam. 
 
 e un. Ventilate, Ventilo. To fan with wind, to make 
 
 a free passage. Ventus, the wind. 
 
 per un 
 
 ad. Venture, f. A hazard, undertaking, to dare. 
 
 Venio, to come. 
 con di. Verge, Vergo. To tend downwards.
 
 124 
 
 re 
 
 in. 
 in Ull. 
 
 semi un. 
 dis mis. 
 
 un 
 
 be", 
 inter in. 
 
 mis un. 
 un 
 
 be". 
 
 all un. 
 in be. 
 
 Vigor, Vigor. Active strength, energy. 
 Violate, Violo, Violabilis. To injure, hurt, or 
 
 infringe. 
 Vitrify, Vitrum-facio. To convert into glass. 
 Vouch, norm. To call to witness, to declare, or 
 
 warrant. Voco, to call. 
 
 Wail. To lament. 
 
 Weave, sax. To unite threads in making cloth, 
 
 to insert. 
 Wed, sax. To marry or espouse. 
 
 Witch, sax. A woman practising sorcery, to 
 
 fascinate. 
 Worth, sax. Value, importance. 
 Wrap, sax. To wind, fold, enclose. 
 
 SECTION XXII. 
 Ninth Exercise. 
 
 re un. Accelerate, .Accelero. To quicken, to hasten in 
 
 any sense. Celer, swift. 
 super un. Add, Ad&o. To set or put together, to unite, 
 in 
 
 co in. Ad,here, ylJhaereo, adhaesum. To stick or 
 
 cleave to gether, to unite. Haereo, to stick. 
 re un. Adjourn, f. To defer to another day, or for an 
 
 intermission, 
 re un. Adopt, A cfopto. To take a child or person as an 
 
 heir, to select and take. Opto, to choose. 
 all un. Adore, Adoxo, adoratio. To worship or pay 
 
 divine honors to. Oro, to speak or pray, 
 
 os, the mouth. 
 mis un. Aim, ir. To point at with a missive weapon, to 
 
 attempt to accomplish, a design, 
 dis un. Anchor, Anchora. An iron instrument to hold a 
 
 ship at rest in the water, to moor.
 
 125 
 
 dis un. Anoint, f. To pour oil upon, to smear with 
 oil. 
 
 over un Anxious, Anxius. Greatly concerned, solicit- 
 ous. Ango, anxi, to trouble. 
 
 in. Apposite, ./Ippositus. Suitable, fit, well adapted. 
 
 Pono, to place. 
 
 in sub. Aquatic, Aquaticus. Pertaining to water. Aqua, 
 
 water. 
 
 in un. Apt, Aptus. Fit, suitable, inclined, ready. 
 
 in un. Arable, Aro. Fit for plowing or tillage. Aro, 
 
 to plow. 
 anti 
 
 auto. Aristo,cracy, gr. A form of government where 
 
 the supreme power is in the nobility. 
 
 re un. Assault, f. and Ad-salio. An attack with vio- 
 
 lence, to attack. Salio, to leap. 
 
 in un. Auspice, Auspicium. Omens, augury, good or 
 
 bad. 
 
 over un. Ballast, sax. Heavy matter, as stone placed in 
 the bottom of a ship, to make any thing 
 steady. 
 
 self un. Banish, f. To condemn to exile, to be com- 
 pelled to leave one's country, 
 un 
 
 male. Bene,volent, Benevolens. Wishing well, good- 
 
 will, kindness, charity. Volo, to will. 
 
 mis un. Bestow. To give, confer, or impart, to dispose of. 
 
 co un. Bishop, sax. A spiritual overseer, an elder or 
 
 presbyter. 
 
 out un. Boast. To brag in speech, to glory, to exalt 
 
 one's self. 
 
 un 
 
 ab. Breviate. To shorten. Brevis, short. 
 
 dis ex. Calceated, Calceatus. Shod, fitted with shoes. 
 
 Calcus, a shoe, calx, the heel. 
 
 re un. Captor, Capio. One who takes as a prisoner, or 
 
 prize. 
 
 mis over. Carry, f. To bear, convey, or transport, to con- 
 tain, 
 
 a bi hydro. Cephalic, gr. Pertaining to the head. 
 
 11*
 
 a mono. 
 
 Chromatic, gr. 
 
 ana. 
 
 music. 
 Chronica], gr. 
 disease 
 
 dis 
 pro. 
 
 un 
 
 Con,fess, f. T< 
 
 126 
 
 Relating to color, a kind of 
 Continuing a long time, as a 
 
 n a fault or crime, to avow 
 
 or acknowledge. Fateor fassus, for 
 
 fessus, to confess. 
 hetero homo. Con, gener, Congener. Of the same kind or 
 
 nature, 
 mis un. Contrive, f. To invent, contrive, or plan, 
 mis un. Council, f. An assembly of men to advise the 
 
 chief magistrate, an assembly of prelates, 
 super 
 
 ex. Crescent, Crescens. Increasing, growing. 
 
 self un. Deceit, \ Decipio, deceptio. Ensnaring, mis- 
 self un. Deceive, ) leading or fallacy, to cause to 
 
 err, to cheat. Capio, to take. 
 
 be un. Deck. To clothe, dress, adorn, embellish. 
 
 a dis. De,part, f. and Pars. To go or move from, to 
 
 leave, to vary from. 
 
 re sub. De,sultory, .Desultorius. Leaping or passing 
 
 from one thing or subject to another. 
 De-salio, to leap from. 
 
 all un. Devastate, Devasto. To lay waste, ravage, to 
 
 desolate. 
 
 all un. Devour, Devoro. To eat with greediness, to 
 
 destroy. 
 
 in un. Diminish, Dnninuo, diminutio. To lessen, to 
 
 impair. Minus, less. 
 
 re tran. Dis,silient, Zh'ssiliens. Starting asunder, open- 
 ing with force. Salio, to leap, dis, apart. 
 
 all un. Divine, Divinus. Pertaining to the true God, 
 
 godlike, a minister of the gospel, to 
 foreknow. 
 
 self un. Educate. .Educo. To bring up, as a child, to 
 instruct. 
 
 in un. Exaggerate, Exaggero. To heap on, to accu- 
 
 mulate, to heighten or enlarge. Gero, 
 to bear.
 
 127 
 
 m un. 
 
 sub under. 
 
 over re. 
 
 re un. 
 in un. 
 
 pre un. 
 un in. 
 
 contra sub 
 
 dis 
 dis. 
 
 re un. 
 
 il preter. 
 
 e inter, 
 anti biblio. 
 fore un. 
 
 Expiate, .Expio. To atone for, to make re- 
 paration. 
 
 Faction, f. and Facio. A party in political so- 
 ciety, tumult, discord. 
 
 Flourish, Floresco. To thrive or grow luxuri- 
 antly, to increase — various senses. Flos, 
 a flower. 
 
 Fortify, Fortis and Facio. To make strong. 
 
 Fracture, Fractura. A breach in any body, a 
 rupture. Frango, to break. 
 
 Fraternal, Fraternws. Brotherly, pertaining to 
 brethren. 
 
 Imbibe, Imh'iho. To drink in, to absorb. Bibo, 
 to drink. 
 
 Imitate, Imitatus. To follow in manner, to 
 copy after, or counterfeit. Imitor, to 
 imitate. 
 
 Indicate, 7«dico. To show, point out, or dis 
 cover, to tell. 
 
 In,herit. To take by descent from an ancestor. 
 
 Haeres, an heir. 
 Install, f. To place in office, to invest with any 
 
 charge. 
 Legal, Legalis. According to law, in conformity 
 
 to law. Lex, law. 
 Lope. To leap, a long step, to run. 
 Maniac, gr. and Maniacus. Mad, or a madman. 
 Mention, Mentio. To speak or name, a hint, to 
 
 state. Memor, mindful. 
 
 phil. Mis,anthropy. gr. Hatred of mankind, 
 
 philo un. Music, Musica. Melody or harmony of sound. 
 Musa, a song. 
 
 hetero. Ortho,dox, gr. Sound in the Christian faith. 
 
 re un. Pack, d. A bundle or load, to send in haste, to 
 
 close, to put together in order. 
 im un. Paradise, gr. The garden of Eden, a place of 
 
 bliss.
 
 128 
 
 im inter. Parley, f. To confer with, on some point of 
 mutual concern, to confer with an 
 enemy. 
 
 dys eu. Peptic, gr. Promoting digestion. 
 
 re un. Peruse. To read with attention, to observe. 
 
 Per and utor, usus. 
 
 de. Picture, Pictura. A painting, a likeness drawn 
 
 in colors. Pingo, to paint. 
 
 self un. Preserve, f. and Servo. To keep safe from in- 
 
 jury, to uphold, to save. 
 
 multi omni. Present, Praesens. Near, in company, some- 
 thing given. Prae and ens, being be- 
 fore, or sentio. 
 
 un 
 
 di. Pre.varicate, Praevarico. To quibble or shuffle, 
 
 to play foul play, to evade, pervert, or 
 corrupt. Varus, crooked legs, unlike. 
 
 anti un. Prophecy, gr. A foretelling or predicting some- 
 thing to come. 
 
 Quit, f. To leave, to depart from, to free or 
 clear. 
 
 un 
 
 ar. Range, f. To set in a row, to dispose in classes, 
 to rove. 
 Record, Recordor. To register or write in, a 
 
 register of facts. 
 Relish. Pleasing taste, liking, appetite, to de- 
 light in. 
 ir un. Relieve, ) f. Removal in whole or in part of any 
 
 Relief, ) evil of body or mind, to free 
 
 from, 
 ir un. Renown, f. Fame, celebrity, to make famous. 
 
 un 
 
 in. Re.novate, ivenovo. To renew, to restore to the 
 
 first state. Novus, new. 
 re un. Salute, Saluto. To greet, to hail, to address 
 
 with kind wishes. Salus, safe. 
 
 un 
 
 un 
 
 re 
 
 ac. 
 
 de 
 
 
 ir un. 
 
 dis 
 
 un
 
 129 
 
 ami un. Scripture, Scriptura. A writing, the Old and 
 New Testament, any thing written. 
 Scribo, to write. 
 
 en un. Seal, sax. A piece of metal to make an im- 
 
 pression on wax or other things, to 
 close, to fix a seal. 
 
 mis un. Send, sax. To throw, cast, or thrust, to cause 
 to be conveyed. 
 
 re un. Seize, f. To lay hold on suddenly, to take pos- 
 
 session by force. 
 
 re tran. Splendor, Splendor. Great brightness, elegance, 
 pomp, show. Splendeo, to shine. 
 
 self un. Subdue, Sub do. To conquer by force, to 
 overcome, to soften. 
 
 re un. Summon, Sub-moneo. To cite or notify by 
 
 authority to appear at some place, to 
 call up, excite. 
 
 in inex. Superable. That may be overcome. Super, 
 above. 
 
 a dis. Sunder, dan. To part or divide, to separate. 
 
 pyro poly. Technics, gr. and Technicus. The doctrine of 
 arts in general. 
 
 con inter. Texture, Textura. The act of weaving, a web. 
 Texo, to weave. 
 
 mis un. Train, f. To draw along, to exercise, to break 
 or tame. 
 
 all un. Triumph, Triumphus. A pompous ceremony 
 
 on account of a victory, to obtain vic- 
 tory, to insult. 
 
 in un. Utter, sax. To speak or express words, to dis- 
 
 close, 
 in 
 
 equibimulti. Valve, Valvae. A folding door, a lid or cover, 
 re un. Vindicate, Vindico. To defend, justify, or sup- 
 
 port, to avenge, to assert. Vindex, a 
 punisher. 
 un 
 
 equi uni. Vocal, Vocalis. Having a voice, music made 
 by the voice. Voco, to call, from vox, 
 the voice.
 
 130 
 
 SECTION XXIII. 
 
 Tenth Exercise. 
 dis 
 
 en un. Able, norm. Having sufficient power of body 
 
 or mind for the object, eminently quali- 
 fied. 
 
 anti poly tri. A.pode, gr. An animal that has no feet, as 
 fishes. 
 
 mis un. Become, sax. To pass from one state to another, 
 to be fit or suitable. 
 
 self un. Charity, gr. and Charitas. Benevolence, alms, 
 liberality. 
 
 de hydro. Carbon, Carbo. Pure charcoal, a simple body. 
 
 super sub Celestial, Caelestis. Heavenly, relating to 
 un. heaven. Caelum, heaven. 
 
 mis re un. Choose, sax. To pick out, to select or prefer. 
 
 pre re un. Consult, Co?*sulto. To seek the opinion of 
 others, to plan or devise. Consulo, per- 
 haps salio, to leap. 
 
 dia hyper Critic, gr. A person skilled in judging of the 
 
 un. merit of literary works, an examiner or 
 
 judge. 
 
 semi un. Calcine, f. To reduce to fineness like dust. 
 Calx, calcis, chalk-stone. 
 
 in un. Cure, Curo. To heal as a disease. Cura, care. 
 
 ir 
 
 re. Con,fute, Confuto, confutatio. To disprove or 
 
 show any thing to be false. Futo (ob- 
 solete), to blame. 
 
 re un. Compile, Cowipilo, compilatio. Literally to 
 
 steal or pillage, but now means to col- 
 lect pasaages from other authors into 
 a book. Pilo, to pilfer. 
 
 re un. Convey, Conveho. To carry or transport. 
 
 Veho, to carry. 
 
 over in. Curious, Curiosus, curiositas. Strong desire for 
 novelty, accurate, nice. Cura, care.
 
 131 
 
 re un. 
 mis un. 
 
 in un. 
 
 mis un. 
 dis un. 
 dis un 
 
 en. 
 
 Capitulate, Capitulatus. To surrender an army, 
 to repeat over. Caput, the head. 
 
 Conjecture, Conjectura. A throwing together, 
 a guess or surmise. Jacio, to cast or 
 throw. 
 
 Compare, Comparo, compara-bilis-tivus. Like- 
 ness or agreement, to liken one thing to 
 another. Par, equal. 
 
 Construe, Construo, constructum. To translate, 
 to interpret, to arrange the words. 
 
 Courteous, f. Polite, well bred, civil. Curia, 
 a senate house. 
 
 Cumber, dan. To load, check, or embarrass, a 
 
 hinderance. 
 all sub. Chant, f. A song, to sing or celebrate in song. 
 
 Cano. to sing. 
 mis un. Derive, Derivo, derivatio. To draw or receive 
 
 as from a source or origin. Rivus, a 
 
 river. 
 ad fore. Doom, sax. To judge or condemn, 
 re un. Draft. A drawing of men from a military band, 
 
 to delineate, 
 over in. Diligent, Diligens. Steady in application, not 
 
 idle, 
 all un. Dread, sax. Great fear or apprehension of evil 
 
 or danger, awe, terror, to fear, 
 over un. Drive, sax. To impel, to urge forward by 
 
 force, 
 decern Duum,vir, Duo and vir. One of two Roman 
 
 trium. officers, united in the same public func- 
 
 tions, 
 counter un. Declare, Declaro, declaratio. To tell explicitly, 
 
 to make plain. Clarus, clear. 
 in un. Discover, f. To lay open to view, to reveal or 
 
 find out. 
 anti 
 
 aristo theo. Democracy, gr. Demos, the people, and Cratos. 
 power, hence a government by the 
 people.
 
 132 
 
 dis un 
 
 in re. De,cline, Declino, declinatio. To lean down- 
 
 wards, a tendency to decay. Clino, to 
 bend or lean. 
 un 
 
 re. De,mise, f. To transfer or convey by lease or 
 
 will. De and mitto, to send down. 
 
 dis un. Enthrall or Inthrall. To enslave. 
 
 super un. Excel, EocceUo. To go beyond, to surpass 
 Celsus, lofty. 
 
 counter self Evidence, .Evidentia. Proof in support of some 
 
 in. thing. Video, to see, e, out. 
 
 ant 
 
 para pro. Epidepsy, gr. The falling sickness, because 
 the patient falls suddenly. 
 
 ab in un. Err, Erro. To wander from a right way, to 
 deviate, to mislead in any sense. 
 
 in 
 
 de over. Fatigue, Fatigo, fatigatus. To tire, weary, or 
 
 harass. 
 un 
 
 re super. Fine, f. and Finis. Very small, minute. (Many 
 
 senses.) 
 re un. Foment, Fomentum. To apply warm things, to 
 
 promote excitement. Foveo, to keep 
 
 warm. 
 arch co un. Found, Fundo, fundatus. To lay the basis or 
 
 foundation, to begin. Fundus, land or 
 
 ground. 
 in un. Feasible, f. That may be done or tilled prac- 
 
 ticable. 
 ad af. Filiation, f. The relation of a son to a father, 
 
 Filius, a son. 
 con. ag. Glomerate, Glomero. To wind into a ball, to 
 
 gather. Glomus, a ball. 
 mis self Govern, f. To direct or control by authority, 
 un. to administer the laws. Guberno. 
 
 all un. Important, f. Weighty, of great consequence, 
 
 forcible.
 
 133 
 
 SECTION XXIV. 
 
 Eleventh Exercise. 
 
 dis in non. Ability, f. Power of body or mind, skill, 
 wealth. Habeo, to have ; Ability, for 
 liability. 
 
 in re un. Access, Accessus. A coming near, approach, 
 
 entrance. Cedo, to give place. 
 
 inter in. Ac,cid t ent, Ad-cado, accidens. To fall to, or 
 
 happen by chance. Cado, to fall. 
 
 anti sub super. Acid, Acidus, acidulatus. Sour to the taste. 
 
 dis pre un. Acquaint, f. To make fully or intimately 
 known, to inform. 
 
 fore mis un. Advise, f. To give counsel to, to offer an opin- 
 ion, or give notice. Video, to see. 
 dis 
 
 ab con. Aggregate, Aggxego. To bring parts together 
 
 into one mass. Grex, a herd. 
 ab in un Alien, Alienus, alienatio. Not belonging to 
 
 the same country, 
 fore mis re. Allege, ^4/lego, allegatio. To declare, affirm, 
 
 or assert. Lego-are, to impute. 
 co dis mis un. Ally, f. To unite, form a relation, unite by 
 
 treaty, an ally, 
 dis non re un. Appear, ^Ippareo, apparens. To come in sight, 
 
 obvious to the mind, 
 mis re un. Apply, ^Ipplico, applicatio. To lay on, to fit, 
 
 to be busy. 
 in mis un. Appropriate, f. To assign to a particular use, 
 
 most suitable. Proprius. 
 dis fore un. Arm, Anna, armo, armamenta. To furnish 
 
 with a weapon, a limb or branch, 
 di inter in. A,sperse, ylspersus. To bespatter with false 
 
 charges, to cast upon. Spargo, to scatter. 
 dis un 
 
 con dis. As,sent, Assensus, assentatio. An act of tho 
 mind in agreeing to. Sentio, to think. 
 12
 
 134 
 
 con e re. A.vulsion, Avulsio. Tearing asunder violent- 
 
 ly. Velio, to pull or pluck. 
 self un un 
 
 a re. Bate, f. To lessen, to remit or retrench, 
 
 dis mis un. Belief, sax. Persuasion of truth, assent of the 
 un mind. 
 
 un for over. Bid, sax. To command, to offer, to direct, 
 dis ex inter sub. Bi,sect, Bis-seco. To divide into two parts, 
 to cut. 
 
 Bitter, sax. Biting to the taste, sharp words, 
 painful. 
 
 Burden, sax. A load, any thing oppressive. 
 
 Call. To name or summon, to utter by the 
 voice. 
 
 Calculate, f. To compute, or reckon, to intend. 
 Calculus, a pebble, from calx, lime. 
 
 Carnation, f. and Carnavium. Flesh-color or 
 flesh. Ca.ro, flesh. 
 
 Cave, Cavea. A hollow place, to make hol- 
 low. Cavus, hollow. 
 inunpre over. Caution, Cautio. Prudence in regard to dan- 
 ger. Caveo, to beware. 
 un 
 
 as in un. Certain, f. Sure, undoubted. Certus, sure. 
 
 be counter de Charm, f. Enchantment, secret influence. — 
 un. Carmen, a song. 
 
 un 
 
 pre ex in. Cogitate, Cogito, cogitatio. To think or 
 
 meditate, 
 in re un. Combine, f. To unite or agree, to link together. 
 
 di3 un 
 
 
 dis un 
 
 im 
 
 em. 
 
 dis 
 
 over un. 
 
 mis re un. 
 
 mis 
 
 inun. 
 
 ex i 
 
 In Un. 
 
 con 
 
 ex in. 
 
 ac dis in. Commodious, f. Convenient, fit or proper. 
 Modus, a manner. 
 
 inter non. Commune, f. To converse, familiar inter- 
 
 course, to meditate. Munero, to give, 
 
 un from munus, a gift. 
 
 ex re un inter Communicate, Commumco. To impart, re- 
 in nor* veal, or partake. Munus, a gift.
 
 135 
 
 in re semi un. Compact, Compactus. Closely united, an 
 agreement. Paciscor, to covenant. 
 
 in non un. Comply, It. To yield to or comply with. — 
 Plico, to be knit together. 
 
 supra un 
 
 de re un. Compound, Co/npono. To mix, to agree, a 
 mass. Pono, to place. 
 
 dis re un. Commend, Co/nmendo, commendatio. To 
 
 praise, to give charge to. Mando. 
 
 dis in un. Connect, Connecto. To link together, to join. 
 
 in re un. Consider, Considero, consideratio. To fix the 
 
 mind on, to think. Sidus, a star. 
 
 anti pre un. Constitute, Constituo, constitutio. To fix, es- 
 tablish, form, or make. Sto, to stand. 
 
 all in un. Consume, Consumo, consumptio. To destroy 
 
 or waste away slowly. 
 
 dis mal un. Content, Cowtentus. Quiet, easy, satisfied, 
 held within. Teneo, to hold. 
 
 in un mis. Correct, Correctus. Right, made right, ac- 
 cording to truth. Rego, to ride. 
 
 con pro re un. Create, Creo. To produce something from 
 nothing. 
 
 ac re in. Criminate, Criminor. To charge with a crime, 
 
 to blame. Crimen, a crime. 
 
 counter under. Current, Currens. Flowing, circulating, gen- 
 eral estimation. Curro, to run. 
 super 
 
 in re circum. De,flect, Deflecto. To turn aside or deviate, 
 to swerve. Flecto, to bend. 
 
 in re un. Deliberate, XMibero. To consider or weigh 
 
 in the mind. Liber, free. 
 
 un re un 
 
 counter re. De,mand, f. and De-mando. To ask or call 
 for, a claim or debt. Mando, to give 
 in re un orders. 
 
 con. Dense, Densus. Close, compact, thick, 
 
 in un 
 
 De,precate, Deprecor. To pray against, to re- 
 gret. Precor, to pray, from praeco, a 
 crier.
 
 136 
 
 all in self un. 
 un 
 
 in equi. 
 
 in pre re un. 
 
 fore pre un. Design, Designo, designalio, to plan, project, 
 intend, a scheme. Signum, a sign. 
 Destroy, Destruo, destructio. To demolish, 
 lay waste, or ruin. 
 
 Differ, Dif kro, dif-ferens. Unlike, dissimilar, 
 to quarrel. Fero, to bear ; dif. a part. 
 
 Indifferent, (same root.) Unconcerned, feel- 
 ing no interest. 
 
 Digest, Zhgestus. A compendium of laws, to 
 collect, to dissolve. Gero, to bear ; di, 
 in apart. 
 
 demi equi. Distant, Zh'stans. Remote in any sense, re- 
 served. Sto, to stand, di, apart. 
 
 ' > Distinct, D/stinctus, a marked difference, 
 ter in. J ' ' 
 
 contra in mis Distinguish, Zh'stinguo. To ascertain the dif- 
 
 un. ference, to be eminent. 
 
 in mis un. Direct, .Directus. Straight, right, to point or 
 
 aim. Rego, to rule. 
 in sub un. Divide, Zh'vido, diviso. To separate, make 
 
 partition, open. Viduo, to part, (obs.) 
 counter with. Draw, sax. To pull along or move — variously 
 
 used. 
 con re sub. Duplicate, Duplicatus. Double, two fold, a 
 
 copy. Plico, to fold. 
 
 in i 
 
 suf. 
 
 in un. 
 
 dis pre re un. 
 
 co in sub un. 
 
 co non super 
 un. 
 
 co pre re un. 
 all 
 
 in per. 
 
 £f,fici 4 ent, _E/~ficiens. Causing or producing 
 effects. Facio, to make. 
 
 Eligible, f. and Eligo. Fit to be chosen, 
 worthy of choice. Ex and lego, to choose. 
 
 Engage, f. To promise or bind one's self in 
 any matter. 
 
 Equal, ^Equalis. Of similar dimensions, same 
 rank. iEquus, equal. 
 
 Essential, Essentialis. Necessary in the high- 
 est degree. Essentia, esse, to be. 
 
 Establish, f. To fix firmly, to settle or con- 
 firm. Sto, to stand. 
 
 E,vade, i?vado, evasum. To avoid, elude, es- 
 cape, to march from. Vado, to inarch.
 
 137 
 
 pre re selfun. 
 
 non un. 
 
 non 
 co con. 
 
 *an in pos ul. 
 in un after 
 
 un 
 in all. 
 
 circum in re 
 retro, 
 bene male 
 under, 
 mis un. 
 
 ef inter pre re. 
 ef per suf. 
 
 dis un under, 
 de dis un. 
 in re un. 
 dis in self un. 
 ag de con un. 
 all un 
 
 dis 
 
 un. 
 
 un 
 
 de intro retro. 
 
 mis un. 
 
 en dis in un. 
 
 Examine, Examino, examinatum. To inspect 
 
 carefully. Examen. 
 Execute, f. To perform, complete, to inflict, 
 
 to kill. Ex-sequor, to follow. 
 
 Extemporaneous, isxtemporaneus. Uttered 
 
 without premeditation. Tempus, time. 
 Ex,terior, Exterior, external, outward. 
 
 E,vince, E vinco, evictum. To prove in a clear 
 manner, to conquer. Vinco, to overcome. 
 
 Flame, Flamma, fiammatus. Blaze, fire, ar- 
 dor, rage. 
 
 Flexile, Flexilis. Easily bent, pliant. Flecto, 
 to bend. 
 
 Factor, Factor. An agent for another person, 
 a doer. Facio, factum, to do. 
 
 Fortune, Fortuna. Success, good luck, wealth, 
 destiny. Fors, chance. 
 
 Fulg t ency, Fulgens. Brightness, splendor. 
 
 Fume, Fumus, fumigatio. Smoke, vapor, 
 rage, scent. 
 
 Furnish, f. To supply in the sense as used. 
 
 Garnish, f. To adorn, decorate, or furnish. 
 
 Gather, sax. To bring together, to collect. 
 
 Glory, Gloria. Brightness, lustre, splendor. 
 
 Glue. f. Tenacious matter, to unite with glue. 
 
 Grace, f. Favor, good will, to adorn. Gratus, 
 grateful, thankful. 
 
 Grade, Gradus, gradu, gradatio. Degree, 
 rank or order. Gradus, a step. 
 
 Guide, f. To direct or influence, a conductor. 
 
 Harmony, Harmonia. Adaptation of parts, 
 concord. 
 
 * An for ante, and ul for ultra. 
 12*
 
 138 
 
 un 
 
 all dis un. Honor, Honor. Esteem, reputation, dignity, 
 
 to revere. 
 in un fore. Imagine, f. and Imago, imaginatio. To form 
 
 an idea in the mind. Imago, an image. 
 un in 
 
 op re ex. Im,pugn, Zmpugno, impugnatus. To attack by 
 words, or blame. Pugno, to fight. 
 
 ap pro re retro. Im,pulse, Jwjpulsus. Force impressed, influ- 
 ence, driven in. Pello, to drive. 
 
 mis super un. Intelligent, Intelligens, intellectus, intellectu, 
 endowed with reason, knowing, well 
 informed. Intel for inter, and lego, to 
 
 un ir un read or choose. 
 
 at re. In,tent, 7«tentus. Having the mind, fixed, 
 
 closely observing. Tendo, to stretch. 
 
 dis self un. Interest, f. To concern, excite emotion, a 
 share, premium. 
 
 mis pre un. Instruct, //jstructum. To teach, educate, or 
 un inform. Struo, to pile or build. 
 
 all fore un. Know, sax. To perceive with certainty, to 
 
 understand, 
 ap col il. Laud, Laudo. Praise, to praise in words. 
 
 Laus, praise. 
 di in semi. Lapidate, Lapido. To stone. Lapis, a stone. 
 un 
 
 ab de ad. Legate, Legatus. The pope's ambassador, 
 one sent. Lego, to send. 
 
 circum col sub. Ligation, Ligatio. The act of binding. Ligo, 
 to bind. 
 
 allun 
 
 en over. Light, sax. Rays of the sun, not heavy, small, 
 
 to enkindle, 
 be dis mis un. Like, sax. Equal, similar, to approve or 
 
 choose, 
 extra il un. Limit, Limes, limitatio. Bound, utmost 
 
 extent. 
 be dis im un. Mask, f. A cover for the face, to conceal or 
 
 disguise.
 
 139 
 
 all im pre. Mature, Maturus. Ripe, perfected, to ripen, 
 counter mis. March, f. and Mars. Third month, to move 
 
 by steps, 
 de pre un. Merit, Meritum. Worth, value, desert, to 
 
 deserve, 
 fore un pre 
 
 ad pre. Monition, Monitio. Warning, admonitory. — 
 Moneo, to admonish. 
 anti de im Moral, Moralis. Relating to conduct, con- 
 formed to rules. Mos, moris, a custom. 
 in un 
 
 dis sur. Mount, f. A mass of earth, to leap upon, to 
 
 rise aloft. Mons, a mountain. 
 circum in re Navigate, Navigo. To sail on water. Navis, 
 un. a ship ; no, to swim. 
 
 un 
 
 e un re in. Nerve, Nervus. A sinew, strength, firmness, 
 dis 
 
 ig en un. Noble, Nobilis, nobilitas. Great, exalted, 
 
 generous. 
 
 an con de un. Note, Nota, notatio. A mark or token, notice, 
 short letter, to observe. Nosco, to know. 
 
 an con di in. Numerate, Numero. To count or reckon 
 numbers. Numerus, a number. 
 
 dis in. Obedient, Obediens. Submissive to au- 
 
 thority. 
 
 non sub un. Obscure, Obscuro, obscuratio. To darken or 
 cloud, not intelligible. 
 
 mis non un. Observe, O&servo, observatio. To notice with 
 attention, to remark. Servo, to preserve. 
 
 in over un. Offend, Oyfendo, offensus. To displease, vio- 
 late, or transgress. Fendo, to keep off. 
 
 ex in under un. Office, O/ficium. Particular duty, a charge, 
 business. 
 
 mis pre self. Opinion, Opinio. Judgment formed by the 
 mind. Opinor, to think. 
 
 dis in re un. Organ, Organum. An instrument of action, 
 that through which something is done. 
 
 com im super. Pati,ent, Patiens. Enduring evils without 
 murmuring. Patior, to suffer.
 
 140 
 
 all im un. 
 ap im un. 
 
 im preter un. 
 
 dis mis un. 
 
 equi im non 
 pre. 
 un 
 
 dis pre re un. 
 
 dis 
 ex com ap. 
 
 dis mis un. 
 
 re 
 
 im mis. 
 
 com ex super 
 
 un. 
 
 dis in over un. 
 
 ir out un. 
 
 cor mis un. 
 dis fore mis un 
 
 un ui 
 
 ap. 
 
 Penetrate, Penetro, penetrabilis. To enter, 
 
 pierce, or effect. 
 Perceive, Percipio, perceptio. To have know- 
 ledge by the bodily senses or mind. Per 
 
 and capio, to take. 
 Perfect, Perfectus. Finished, complete, to 
 
 make skilful. Per and facio. 
 Place, f. Any portion of space, to fix or 
 
 appoint. 
 Ponder, Pondero. To weigh in the mind, or 
 
 otherwise to muse. Pondus, a weight, 
 
 from pendo, to weigh. 
 
 Possess, Possessus. To have just title, to 
 hold or occupy. Esse, to be ; potis, 
 able. 
 
 Probation, Probatio. The act of proving, 
 foretrial. Probus, honest. 
 
 Reprobate, (same root.) Not enduring trial, 
 one abandoned to sin. 
 
 Profess, Processus. To make open declara- 
 tion, to avow, declare, or acknowledge. 
 Fateor and fessus, for fassus, to confess. 
 
 Prison, f. A public building for the confine- 
 ment of criminals. 
 
 Purge, Purgo, purgatio. To cleanse, purify, 
 or clear. 
 
 Quiet, Quietus. Still, calm, peaceable. — 
 Quies, rest. 
 
 Reason, f. and Rationalis. Faculty of the 
 mind, a cause, to argue. Reor, to 
 think. 
 
 Relate, iielatus. To tell or recite, to have 
 
 reference to. Re and fero,latus. 
 .Remember, norm, and Re-memoro. To gain 
 an idea which had been in the mind be- 
 fore. Memor, mindful. 
 1 ir 
 
 Re,peal, f. To recall, revoke or abrogate. 
 Pello, for Appello, to call.
 
 141 
 
 after ir un. Repent, f. To feel pain for what was wrong, 
 
 to change the mind. Poeniteo, to be 
 
 sorry; poena, pain. 
 ex ir mis un. Represent, .Repraesento, representatio. To 
 
 show or describe. Re pre and ens 
 
 (being) or sentio. 
 ab di ex inter Re,scind, iJescindo, rescissum. To revoke, 
 pre. annul, cut off, or rend asunder. Scindo, 
 
 to rend or tear. 
 cor ir un. Respond, Respondeo, responsum. To answer 
 
 to or correspond. Spondeo, to promise. 
 mis over un. Rule, w. That which has become a standard 
 
 in any sense, to govern or guide, 
 con en ex. Sanguine, Sanguineus. Red like blood, ar- 
 dent, warm. Sanguis, blood. 
 all re un. Search, f. To look over, explore, or seek, a 
 
 seeking for. 
 counter in un. Secure, Securus. Free from danger, to guard 
 
 or make safe. Se and cura, separate 
 un from care. 
 
 con omni pre Science, Sciens, scientia. Knowledge in eve- 
 
 un. ry acceptation. Scio, to know. 
 
 counter in non. Sense, Sensus. That faculty which perceives 
 — variously used. Sentio, to perceive. 
 
 con dism inter. Seminate, Semino. To spread, sow, or propa- 
 gate. Semen, seed. 
 
 counter pre un. Signal, f. A sign given, memorable. Sig- 
 
 un num. 
 
 con un. Solid, Solidus. Hard, firm, sound, substantial. 
 
 demi en hemi Sphere, Sphaera. An orb or globe, circuit of 
 
 semi un. motion, rank. 
 
 de in un. Spirit, Spiritus. Wind, air, breath, sold — 
 
 mis various senses. 
 
 con sub super. Structure, Structura. Act of building an edi- 
 fice. Struo, to build, 
 in un. Stimul ( ous, Stimulus. A goad or sting, that 
 
 which rouses from languor. 
 
 co in un. Suffer, Suf "fero. To bear pain, or undergo, 4 to 
 
 allow. Suf, for sub, under ; and fero, 
 to bear.
 
 142 
 
 disun 
 
 en inter un. Tangle. To knit together confusedly, to en- 
 snare, 
 mis self un. Teach, sax. To instruct, show, or instruct, 
 at dis con un. Temper, Tempero, temperamentum. To mix 
 
 so that one part qualifies the other, to 
 
 soften the temper, 
 countermisun. Time, sax. Tempus. Duration, to adapt, an 
 
 age. Tempus, time. 
 at con re. Tribute, Tributum. An annual sum of money 
 
 paid. Tribuo, to give. 
 en in inter un. Twine, sax. To twist, wind, unite, or cling to. 
 ante proto* pre. Type, Typus. An emblem, symbol, model, to 
 
 prefigure, 
 dis mis non un. Use, Usus. The act of employing, to employ. 
 
 Utor, to use. 
 in sub un. Vary, Vario, variatio, varietas. To alter in 
 re un form, to deviate. 
 
 in de di re. Vest, Vestis. An outer garment, to clothe. 
 
 in pre re super. Vision, Visio. The act of seeing, something 
 imagined. Video, to see. 
 
 a ad in re. Vocation, Vocatum. A calling or employ- 
 ment. Voco, to call, from vox, the voice. 
 
 in non un. Attend, AttenAo, attentus, attentio. To go 
 with, to wait on, to fix the mind. 
 
 counter equi Balance. A pair of scales, equal weight, to 
 
 un. settle accounts. 
 
 im re un. Bound, norm. A limit or line, a leap or jump, 
 
 the termination of any thing. 
 
 non re un. Comfort, CWforto. To cheer or ease, relief 
 un from pain, consolation. Fortis, strong. 
 
 co in pro. Ex,hibit, Exhibeo. To present to view, to 
 
 show or display, to manifest publicly, 
 re re Habeo, to have, hold, or possess. 
 
 en de in. Force, f. Strength, to compel, or use violence, 
 re 
 
 en in re un. Graft, f. A small shoot, to join on or insert 
 in, vigor, might, energy. 
 
 Proto, first.
 
 143 
 
 reim 
 in co un. 
 
 mis in re un. 
 un 
 
 re en il. 
 
 mis over un. 
 fore mis sur. 
 
 re under un. 
 
 counter mis 
 inter. 
 
 contra extra ir. 
 
 be mis un. 
 
 ex inter semi. 
 
 dis en. 
 
 under mis sub 
 
 at en mis. 
 
 counter out ) 
 over. S 
 
 after mis out 
 re under un. 
 counter in out 
 over under un. 
 
 Habitant, Habilans, habitatio, habitu. A dwel- 
 ler or inhabitant, a resident. 
 Lay, sax. To put or place, to settle. 
 
 Luminate, Lumino. To give light. Lumen, 
 
 light. 
 Match, sax. Combustible matter, an equal, a 
 
 contest, to unite in marriage. 
 Name, sax. That by which a thing is called, 
 
 reputation, fame. Nomen, name, from 
 
 nosco, to know. 
 Purchase, f. To obtain property by paying 
 
 an equivalent. 
 Point, f. The sharp end of any instrument or 
 
 body, to sharpen, aim or purpose. — 
 
 Pungo, punctum, to prick or point. 
 Regular, Regula. That which is conformable 
 
 to any rule, periodical. Rego, to rule. 
 Speak, sax. To utter words, to express by 
 
 words. 
 Ossify. To make or form bone, to convert 
 
 into a hard substance like bone. Os, a 
 
 bone ; facio, to make. 
 Title, Titulus. An inscription put over any 
 
 thing, an appellation of dignity. 
 Tutor, Tutor. One who instructs children, to 
 
 teach, to instruct. 
 Tune, gr. A series of musical notes, to put 
 
 in tune. 
 
 Vote, Votum. Suffrage, a ballot or ticket. 
 
 Write, sax. To form letters, to engrave or 
 compose. 
 
 Work, sax. To perform any labor, or be en- 
 gaged in, to move, a work — various 
 applications.
 
 144 
 
 SECTION XXIV. 
 
 Twelfth Exercise. 
 
 All the prefixes are not added in this exercise which 
 might be, but the number given is sufficient to answer the 
 purposes of the work. 
 
 counter un in pre sub Abs,tract, .Atatractio. To draw from, 
 distinct from, to separate ideas, 
 a summary or general view. — 
 Traho, draw. 
 
 at 
 un 
 
 con 
 un 
 
 de dis ex pro re sub. 
 
 ante co counter 
 re un 
 
 en ex in over retro 
 re sub trans under. 
 
 Act, Ago, actus, actu. To perform or 
 exert power, to behave or de- 
 mean, any thing done, an action. 
 Used in numerous senses. Ago, 
 to do or execute. 
 
 misnonreun 
 
 ab 
 
 con circum 
 sub super un 
 
 de e in 
 non re un 
 
 ob pro 
 retro sub. 
 
 intro 
 irun un 
 
 Ad,duce, Ad&uco, adductum. To 
 bring forward, to advance, to 
 offer or present, to cite or name. 
 Duco, to lead or draw ; ad, to. 
 
 un pre mis pre un Ac,quire,Acquiro,acquisitum. To gain 
 j^" ^T any thing in the sense of its use. 
 
 Quaero, to ask, seek, or gain. 
 
 ab con counter de e 
 super un counter 
 
 in inter ob 
 in re un 
 
 re sub tra. 
 
 Adject, Ad']\c\o. To add or put as 
 
 ► one thing to another. Jacio, to 
 
 cast or throio : ad to or unto.
 
 145 
 
 re sub un 
 
 com dis de e 
 un 
 
 in pre re 
 
 extra inter intro im 
 un 
 
 manu o per preter pre 
 com ir un un un 
 
 pro re sub trans. 
 
 Ad,mit, >ldmitto, admissum. To 
 suffer to enter, to allow, to re- 
 ceive as true, to grant. Mitto, 
 to send, dismiss, or send away. 
 
 in, 
 de 
 
 in dis dis re un dis mis un 
 
 ef 
 
 re 
 con. 
 
 Af,fect, ^/Tectum, Affectatio, Ef- 
 fectu. To act upon, to produce 
 some change, to aim at, make 
 a show. Facio, to make or 
 cause. 
 dis mis un 
 
 circum de noct per pre. 
 bi mult oct tri un. 
 dis fore non re un. 
 
 co in mis pre un. 
 
 all in un. 
 
 ir 
 re. 
 
 un u 
 
 de". 
 
 Af,firm, Aj firmo, Affirmatio. To as- 
 sert positively, to declare sol- 
 emnly, to aver. Firmus, firm. 
 Ambulate, Ambulo, Ambulatio. To 
 
 walk from place to place. 
 Angle, f. and Angulius. The place 
 where two lines meet, a corner. 
 Appoint, f. To fix or settle, to es- 
 tablish, to ordain, to allot or 
 purpose. 
 
 Ap-prehend, ^prehendo, Appre- 
 hensum. To seize on, to under- 
 stand, to fear. Prehendo, to 
 seize or take. 
 Com-prehend, (same root.) To con- 
 tain, include, or comprise, to 
 conceive, take hold of. 
 De,prehend, (same root.) To catch 
 or take by surprise, to seize 
 1 or detect. 
 
 "Appreciate, f. To value or duly es- 
 timate, to set a price or value 
 on. Pretium, a price. 
 13
 
 146 
 con re un re 
 
 de trans. A,scend, Ascendo, Assensura, from 
 
 AdscanAo. To rise in the sense 
 of the word, to move up. 
 un pre mis un re 
 
 re con counter As,sign, .4.ssigno, Assignatio. To 
 
 un under sub. allot or appoint, to give a rea- 
 
 son, to make over to another. 
 Signum, a sign. 
 un self re co un 
 
 pre re. As,sume, .Assumo, Assumptio. To 
 
 take upon one's self, to arro- 
 all un un gate or claim. 
 
 sus abs con de enter At,tain, f. To arrive at, to gain or 
 ap un achieve, to compass, to come 
 
 — re ^ to. Teneo, to hold. 
 
 in un un 
 
 con de ob pro un. At,test, .Attestor, Attestatus. To 
 
 bear witness to, to certify or 
 affirm, to call to witness, to 
 un self un invoke. Testis, a witness. 
 
 un im em de a. Base, gr. The bottom on which any 
 
 thing stands, any thing vile or 
 dis re un mean — various uses. 
 
 era un. Body, sax. The frame of any animal, 
 
 a mass, the main army, any 
 solid substance : various uses. 
 
 ac ante con pre pro Cede, Cedo, Cedens, Cessio. To 
 pre un give up, yield or surrender, to 
 
 rede" retro sue se ex. de P art > t0 resi g n > relinquish, 
 
 re 
 
 all counter ex inter re Change, f. To alter or vary in any 
 un. manner, to give one thing for 
 
 another, alteration, 
 dis mis over re sur un. Charge, f. To rush on or assault, 
 
 expense, to load as a musket.
 
 147 
 
 ac 
 
 de dis ex mis 
 
 re 
 
 no 
 
 en 
 be 
 
 un 
 
 n pro un. 
 un 
 
 dis fore in re 
 en in over un. 
 
 un. 
 
 un 
 
 Claim, Clamo. To call for or de- 
 mand, a demand. 
 
 Close, f. To shut, to end or finish, 
 to unite. Claudo, to shut. 
 
 Cloud. To obscure by mist, a col- 
 lection of vapor, to obscure or 
 darken, to sully, 
 allun 
 
 Com,mand, Con-mando,Mandatum 
 To bid or direct, to order or 
 control, 
 in 
 
 Com,plex, Cowrplexus. Composed 
 of two or more parts, involved, 
 difficult, an assemblage. Pli- 
 co, to knit together. 
 
 Compose, f. and Con-pono, Com 
 positio. To form a compound, 
 to put together words, to calm, 
 settle, or arrange. Pono, to 
 place, lay, or put. 
 
 Re,pose, (same root.) To lie ut rest, 
 
 to deposite, or trust. 
 un 
 
 im super ex pre. De,pose, (same root.) To lay down, 
 degrade, testify on oath, de- 
 throne, 
 un pre pre re in un 
 
 pro sup. Dis,pose,(same.)Toregulate,adapt, 
 
 incline the mind, to place. 
 
 counter re 
 
 de. 
 
 
 un 
 
 im per. 
 
 
 
 de dis in 
 
 pre 
 
 re 
 
 un 
 
 re 
 
 trans 
 
 op. 
 
 super 
 
 un 
 
 de dis ex in inter oc 
 pre re trans un. 
 
 Con. cur, Concurro, Concursum, 
 Concursio. To run together, 
 to meet, to agree or join, unite 
 in opinion. Curro, to run.
 
 148 
 
 dis per sue. Con,cussion, Cowcussio. Shaking 
 
 by a stroke, a shock, impulse. 
 Cutio, from quatio, to shake. 
 semi im in 
 
 tran per. Conspicuous, Conspicuus. Open to 
 
 view, easy to be seen, obvious 
 to the mental eye. Specio, 
 to see. 
 
 un all un 
 
 re. Con.strain, f. To urge with power 
 
 sufficient to effect, to hold by 
 force, to necessitate. Stringo, 
 to bind. 
 
 contro inter intro trans 
 un un ir un 
 
 ad ob. Con ,ver t, Converto, conversum, con- 
 
 versio. To turn to or with, to 
 change from one state to an- 
 other, to turn about, to undergo 
 some change. Verto, to turn 
 perm a re retro sub. or change. 
 
 Conceive, Ccmceptio. To imagine, 
 fore in mis pre super un. think, or form an idea in the 
 
 mind, formation in embryo. — 
 Capio, to take, hold, or receive. 
 
 Count, f. To number or reckon, to 
 esteem, to impute. 
 
 Cumbent, Cumbo, cumbens. Re- 
 clining or lying down. 
 
 De,trude, Detrudo, detrusum. To 
 
 thrust or push down with force. 
 
 Trudo, to thrust or push. 
 
 bene male vale inter Diction, Dictio. Expression of ideas 
 
 self un un by words, style, manner of ex- 
 
 contra" pre juris pression. Dico, to speak, say, 
 
 r J or bid. 
 
 un 
 
 
 un 
 
 
 
 ac 
 
 mis 
 
 re un. 
 
 super 
 
 
 
 ac 
 
 dis 
 
 in de 
 
 pro 
 
 re. 
 
 un 
 
 
 
 
 
 ob 
 
 ex in pro re. 
 

 
 149 
 
 un 
 
 com deexi/nproretrore.Dis,pel, Zh'spello, dispulsum. To 
 
 scatter by force, to disperse, 
 dissipate, or banish, to drive 
 away. Pello, to drive. 
 
 equi in mis 
 
 dif. con in inter of De,fer, Dif i'ero, differens. To delay 
 un un or put off, refer, to yield to an- 
 
 pFe re trans. other's opinion, to postpone. 
 
 Fero, to bear or carry. 
 re un un non pre re un 
 
 col se. E,lect, JElectus,-e-lego. To pick out 
 
 or select, to choose, one cho- 
 sen. Lego, to gather or choose. 
 
 con in inter pre se. Ex, elude, T^xcludo, exclusum. To 
 
 shut out or debar, to hinder 
 from entering, to except. Clu- 
 do or Claudo, to shut. 
 
 co in non self post pre. Exist, .Existo. To be or have real 
 
 existence, to live, remain, or 
 endure. Sisto, to be set or to 
 continue. 
 
 un super un co 
 
 dis ob in pro sub. Ex,tend, iTxtendo, extensio. To 
 
 stretch in any direction, to ex- 
 pand or spread, to impart. 
 
 un un 
 
 con de dis re. Ex,tort, ^tortus. To draw or wrest 
 
 from by force, to practice ex- 
 tortion. Torqueo, to writhe. 
 
 con dis pre trans un. Figure, Figura. Form or shape, ap- 
 pearance, a statue or image — 
 
 un various senses. Fingo, to make. 
 
 be counter out re un. Fit. Suitable, to adapt to the use, 
 
 to qualify, to furnish things 
 suitable. 
 af con in post pre suf Fix, f. To make stable, to put in 
 trans un. order, to transfix or pierce. 
 
 Figo, to fix. 
 13*
 
 150 
 
 af circum con de ef in 
 re super. 
 
 dis in non un un 
 
 con bi de equi 
 mal mis multi omni 
 un 
 
 re semi trans uni. 
 un 
 
 af con circum dif ef in 
 inter per pro self suf 
 trans un. 
 
 ir un 
 de in pro re un. 
 
 be en over under un. 
 
 re non no 
 
 as ex trans. 
 
 circum com ex sup. 
 
 un 
 
 circum de iritro per 
 un dis ir un 
 
 Flux, Fluxus, fluo. To flow, the act 
 of flowing, to melt, the moving 
 or passing of any thing. 
 
 Form, Forma, formatio. External 
 shape, arrangement, model 
 pattern, to contrive or make : 
 it has numerous applications. 
 
 Fuse, Fusum. To melt, dissolve, 
 or spread, to liquify by heat, 
 to be reduced from a solid to 
 a fluid. Fundo, to pour out. 
 
 Generate, Genero, generatio. To 
 propagate or produce, to cause, 
 to bring into life. 
 
 Gird, sax. To bind around or invest, 
 to furnish or equip, to make 
 ion fast. 
 
 Im,port, 7/nporto, importatum. Any 
 
 thing brought from another 
 
 country, meaning of words — 
 
 various uses. Porto, to carry 
 
 un or bear. 
 
 Implicate, Tmplico. To infold or in- 
 volve, to entwine, to criminate. 
 Plico, to fold, be knit together. 
 re super 
 
 pro su 
 
 arch 
 
 con 
 tran. 
 
 ex 
 
 ir 
 re 
 
 In,spect, /rcspectum. To look on 
 or into, to view, to examine 
 retro closely, to take the oversight. 
 
 Specio, to see or look. 
 
 re un 
 
 u In, spire, Twspiro, inspiratum. To 
 draw in the breath, to infuse 
 into the mind a poetic spirit. 
 Spiro, to breathe.
 
 151 
 
 un un lr 
 ad con equi pro re. 
 
 abs circum ex inter re. 
 
 un un mis 
 
 con mis per un. 
 
 ag con di e pro trans 
 retro re. 
 
 mis un in non un 
 
 circum de 
 im 
 
 inter manu post pre pro 
 sub super tran. 
 circum con de e inter 
 counter anti 
 
 ad circum inter sub. 
 co self re un 
 
 en over un. 
 
 un un 
 
 ad all di extra fore pre 
 in mis re un. 
 
 ad con dis en inter in 
 mis re se sub. 
 
 In,voke, Invoco, invocatum. To ad- 
 dress in prayer, to call upon 
 for protection, to order. Voco, 
 to call ; Vox, the voice. 
 
 In,cision, /ncisio. A cutting, the 
 act of cutting into, a gash. — 
 Caedo, to cut or kill. 
 
 un 
 
 In,form, /nformo,- informatio, and 
 informis. To give intelligence, 
 to instruct ; also, without form 
 or shape. Forma, shape, figure. 
 
 In,gress, /rcgressus. Entrance, or 
 power of entrance, to go in, 
 means of entering. Gradior, 
 to go ; Gradus, a step. 
 
 Inscribe, Jnscribo, inscriptum. To 
 write in or on, to imprint, mark 
 letters or figures, to assign or 
 address to. Scribo, to write. 
 
 In,volve, Jrcvolvo, involutum. To 
 roll in or envelop, to imply or 
 comprise, to blend or mingle. 
 Volvo, to roll. 
 
 Jacent, Jacens. Lying at length. 
 
 Joy,f. Gladness, gayety, mirth, hap- 
 piness, felicity, to rejoice. 
 
 Judge, f. and Judex, judicatio, judi- 
 cialis. A judicial officer with 
 authority to hear and decide 
 causes, rightly to understand 
 and discern, to doom. 
 
 Join, f. and Junctio. To connect or 
 unite, to couple, to grow or 
 adhere to — various senses.— 
 Jungo, to join.
 
 152 
 
 (lis 
 
 ac fore inter self. 
 
 be o over under un. 
 
 col de e il inter preter 
 pro re. 
 
 in 
 
 bi col duo equi multi 
 tri uni. 
 
 col de inter multi out 
 sub under un. 
 
 ab al col dis e inter 
 
 trans un. 
 
 al circum col e inter. 
 
 un 
 after all be over self un. 
 
 e inter trans. 
 
 com im mis over out un. 
 
 com de e em inter re trans 
 
 be com im inter un. 
 pre mal un 
 
 Knowledge. A clear perception of 
 truth or any fact, learning, 
 skill, acquaintance. Nosco, 
 to know. 
 
 Labor, Labor, laboro. To exert mus- 
 cular strength, labor of body or 
 mind, to work — various uses. 
 
 Lapse, Lapsus. A sliding or falling, 
 an error or fault, to glide along. 
 
 Lateral, Lateralis, or latus. Per- 
 taining to the side. 
 
 Line, Linea, lineatio. A bound, ut- 
 termost extent, length without 
 breadth or thickness. Linea, 
 a line. 
 
 Locate, Locatus. To place in a par- 
 ticular spot. Locus, a place. 
 
 Locution, Locutio. A discourse or 
 manner of speaking. Loquor, 
 to speak. 
 
 Love, sax. Affection — used in many 
 senses. 
 
 Luc ( id, Lucidus, lucens. Shining, 
 bright, clear. Lux lucis, light. 
 
 Measure, f. The dimensions of any 
 thing, limit, a portion, to com- 
 pute. 
 
 Migrate, Migro. To remove or pass 
 from one country to another, 
 from place to place. 
 
 Mingle, sax. To blend or mix to- 
 gether. Misceo, to mix, mingle. 
 
 ad anti ex sub un. Minister, Minister, ministratum. An 
 agent to manage the business 
 of another, pastor of a church, 
 to supply or give.
 
 153 
 
 un 
 ad com %m inter over un. 
 
 ir 
 
 ad com counter e im re 
 pro un. 
 
 ante extra infra inter 
 super supra, 
 in un 
 
 com im inter per trans. 
 
 Mix, sax. Mistum, and ml*.. „ 
 To unite, join, or mingle to- 
 gether. Misceo, to mingle. 
 
 Motion, Move, moveo, motum, motio. 
 
 A moving or changing of place, 
 
 to propose something. Moveo, 
 
 to move. 
 Mundane, Mundus, mundanus. Be 
 
 longing to the wortd. 
 
 Muta 4 ble, Mutabilis. Subject to 
 change. Muto, to change. 
 
 Nature, Natura. The universe, the 
 essence of a thing — has nu- 
 merous applications. Nascor, 
 to be born. 
 
 Nominal, Nominalis. Pertaining to 
 a name. Nomen, a name. 
 
 Number, Numerosus. A unit, a mul- 
 titude, to count or reckon. — 
 Numerus. 
 
 Ordain, Ordino, ordinatio. To invest 
 
 with an office, to appoint or 
 
 decree. Ordo, order. 
 
 , , r . i Oxyde, > Any substance com- 
 
 ^P " l Oxide, J " 'bined with oxygen, but 
 
 not sufficient to form an acid. 
 
 Part, Pars, partitio. A portion of any 
 thing, to separate — has various 
 applications. Pars, apart. 
 
 Pass, f. To move or go in any man- 
 ner — variously applied. Pass- 
 us, a step. 
 
 Pay, f. To discharge a debt, reward, 
 remunerate. 
 
 ap de equi im pro sus. Pend c ent, Pendens. Jutting or hang- 
 ing over. Pendeo, to hang sus- 
 pended. 
 
 con counter demi preter 
 un. 
 
 bi cog de multi pre pro. 
 equi out re un. 
 
 co fore in pre sub re. 
 
 a after bi com counter de 
 dis im un. 
 
 un 
 
 im over re sur. 
 
 un 
 
 non over re un. 
 in
 
 154 
 
 dis em over re un. 
 
 re 
 
 dis im re trans un. 
 
 em im inter mis re un. 
 
 counter equi out over. 
 
 ante ap circum counter 
 im inter juxta op post 
 pro re sup super, 
 un re over 
 
 ap dis mis over 
 pro super under un. 
 
 im omni pleni pre. 
 
 un 
 all em im over. 
 
 un 
 
 ap over under un. 
 
 dis un un self ir 
 
 ap im re 
 
 dis semi un. 
 
 un 
 bi cor ir octo uni. 
 
 ab dis e inter ir pro. 
 
 People, Populus. A community of 
 persons,the mass of population. 
 
 Plant, f. and Plantatio. A vegetable 
 
 of any kind, to set or fix in the 
 
 ground, to introduce. Planta, 
 
 to plant. 
 Plead, f. To argue or urge reasons, 
 
 to discuss. 
 Poise, w. Weight, gravity, to weigh 
 
 or balance. 
 Position, Positio. State of being 
 
 placed, situation, a principle. 
 
 Pono, to place or put. 
 
 Portion, Portio. A part of any thing, 
 to assign. Pars, apart. 
 
 Potent, Potens. Possessing physi- 
 cal or moral power, efficacious. 
 Ens, being ; potis, able. 
 
 Power, f. The ability of doing or 
 effecting any thing — has very 
 numerous applications. 
 
 Prize. Tbat which is taken or 
 obtained, to value or set a 
 value on. 
 
 Prove, sax. and Probatio. To try 
 any thing, to evince, to expe- 
 rience. Probo, to prove. 
 
 Radiant, Radians. Darting forth 
 rays of light. Radius, a ray 
 of light or spoke in a wheel. 
 
 Ruption, Ruptio. A breach or break. 
 Rumpo, to break.
 
 155 
 
 un in ir non un 
 
 as con de in per sub 
 
 in over super under un. 
 
 mis re sub super under 
 
 un. 
 
 unre 
 
 as con dis. 
 
 anti dis un 
 
 as anti con dis 
 in un. 
 
 un in re un pre un re ir 
 
 ab dis re 
 
 in non. 
 
 im mis over un 
 
 per dis. 
 
 con super tran un. 
 
 in 
 
 Re,sist, Resisto. To stand against, 
 to strive against, to baffle. — 
 Re and sisto, or sto, to stand 
 against. 
 
 Saturate, Saturo. To supply to ful- 
 ness. Satis, sufficient. 
 
 Serve, Servio. To work for, to be- 
 stow labor of body or mind, to 
 supply. 
 
 Similar, Similis. Like or resem- 
 bling. 
 
 Sociate, Socio. To mix with com- 
 pany, fellowship, the union of 
 persons. Socius, a companion. 
 
 Solution, Solve, solvo, solutum. To 
 loosen, remove or dissipate, 
 to explain. 
 
 Suasion, Suasum. The act of per- 
 suading. Suadeo, to persuade. 
 
 Substance, Substantia. Matter of 
 any kind, the essential part of 
 any thing. Sto, to stand ; sub, 
 under. 
 
 self all 
 
 de. 
 
 reun 
 
 as co en in un. 
 be mis par under un. 
 
 after counter dis fore in 
 un. 
 
 Suffice, Suf ficio, sufficiens. — 
 Enough, that which is equal 
 to the end. Facio. 
 
 Sure, f. Certain, firm, infallible. 
 
 Take, sax. To get hold of, to re- 
 ceive — this has numerous ap- 
 plications. 
 
 Taste, f. To perceive by the tongue, 
 to enjoy or relish any thing 
 intellectually.
 
 156 
 
 self pre in un in 
 con in de ex. 
 
 deca hexa nona octa 
 
 penta. 
 
 after be fore un. 
 
 dis re 
 de en un. 
 
 un 
 be dis mis in un. 
 
 in out over self re under 
 un. 
 
 by counter inter re. 
 
 circum. 
 
 par. 
 
 un 
 
 de. 
 
 demi. 
 
 in. 
 
 in. 
 in. 
 
 Terminate, Termino, terminus. To 
 
 bound, to end, to limit or put 
 
 an end to. 
 Tetra,gon, gr. A figure having four 
 
 angles. 
 Think, sax. To occupy the mind, 
 
 to imagine. 
 
 Throne, Thronus. A royal seat, 
 chair of state, (in Scripture,) 
 sovereign power. 
 
 Trust, dan. Confidence, credit, that 
 
 which is committed to one's 
 
 care. 
 Value, f. Worth or price, any thing 
 
 in high esteem. Valeo, to be 
 
 strong or avail. 
 View, f. To survey, to examine, to 
 
 see, to consider. 
 Ambient, .Ambiens. Surrounding. 
 
 Am and eo, to go around. 
 Anticipate, Anticioo. To take or 
 
 act beforehand, foretaste. Ca- 
 
 pio, to take ; anti, before. 
 Affable, Affabilis, affabilitas. Easy 
 
 of conversation or manners. 
 
 For, fari, to speak. 
 Acjdivity^cclivis. A slope or rising 
 
 ground. Clivis, a slope. 
 Cadence, Cadens. A fall of voice, a 
 
 decline of sound. Cado, to fall. 
 Corrigible, Corrigo. That may be 
 
 set right or corrected. Rego, 
 
 to rule. 
 Docile, Docilis. Teachable, ready 
 
 to learn. Doceo, to teach. 
 Effable, J3/"fabilis. That may be 
 
 uttered by words. For, fari, 
 
 to speak.
 
 157 
 
 SECTION XXVI. 
 
 Thirteenth Exercise. 
 
 self in self re 
 
 ex. 
 
 co re under sub. 
 
 anti 
 
 mon hept olig tetr. 
 
 un 
 pre counter. 
 
 dec oct sept sex 
 cent tri per. 
 af ef dif re super 
 counter un 
 
 in circum 
 subter. 
 
 mono tetra hexa 
 poly deca. 
 
 Ac,cuse. ^.ccuso. To charge with a 
 crime or fault, to blame. Causa, 
 a reason. 
 
 Agent, Agens. Acting or an actor, 
 that which has power to pro- 
 duce an effect. Ago, to do or 
 execute. 
 
 An,archy, gr. Want of power, a state 
 of society where there is no 
 supreme power. 
 
 A,vail, Valens. To profit or turn to 
 
 advantage, to effect the object. 
 
 Valeo, to he strong. 
 Bi.ennial, 5?ennis. Taking place once 
 
 in two years. Annus, a year. 
 Confluence, Co/ifluens. A flowing 
 
 together, an assemblage. Fluo, 
 
 to flow. 
 
 Chord, gr. and Chorda. The string of 
 a musical instrument, a right 
 line, a string. 
 
 in un 
 
 ex de re. 
 
 Com,plete, Cowipletus. Having no de- 
 ficiency, perfect, to finish or end. *m 
 Pleo, to fill. m " 
 
 super mis. re in 
 
 ad con 
 
 contra intro super 
 
 Circum,vent. 
 ,vene 
 
 To come around, to 
 gain by stratagem,
 
 158 
 
 inter pre e. 
 
 in 
 
 multi re ab as 
 dis equi uni. 
 
 mono pro epi dec a. 
 im un non self all in 
 
 to delude. 
 come. 
 
 Venio, ventum, to 
 
 pro 
 
 suf. 
 
 ante post mis un. 
 
 im 
 
 per multi ob per bi. 
 
 imper in 
 trans preter. 
 
 poly auto 
 
 astro auto bio 
 biblio chiro cosmo 
 chrono choro dia 
 un 
 
 epi geo hydro 
 litho mono ortho 
 panto poly para 
 
 stereo 
 
 Consonance. Agreement in sound, 
 accord, congruity, consistency. 
 Sono, to sound, from Sonus, a 
 sound. 
 
 Dialogue, gr. and Dmlogus. A con- 
 versation between two or more. 
 Gr. Logos, a word or speech. 
 
 De,ficient. Deficiens. Wanting, de- 
 fective in any sense. Facio, to 
 make. 
 
 Date, Datum. The year, month, or 
 day in which any thing was 
 done, to date. Do, to give, da- 
 tum, given. 
 
 De,viate, Devius. To turn aside from 
 the right or common way, to 
 err. De, from, via, the way. 
 
 Ex,it, Exit. Any departure, as from 
 a stage or life, a going out. Eo, 
 to go. 
 
 Graphic, gr. and Graphicus. Per- 
 taining to the art of writing, 
 delineating, describing. From 
 the Greek word grapho, to 
 write or paint. 
 
 stereo steno typo 
 topo zoo.
 
 159 
 
 dei, a God. 
 fratri, a Brother, 
 homi, a Man. 
 infanti, an Infant, 
 matri, a Mother, 
 parri, a Parent, 
 regi, a King, 
 sui, One's self, 
 sorori, a Sister, 
 tyranni, a Tyrant. 
 
 counter contra 
 circum inter. 
 
 astro anti biblio 
 chrono cosmo chiro 
 eu geo hydro homo 
 il litho ortho philo 
 pyro theo zoo. 
 anti 
 
 dia para. 
 
 bi centi chrono 
 semi un 
 
 dia geo hydro 
 hyper helio hexa 
 ortho pyro peri panto 
 a 
 
 poly stereo sym tri. 
 
 Homi,cide, Homicidinm. A man- 
 slayer, the killing of one man 
 by another. Caedo, caesum, 
 to slay or kill. Homo, Ho- 
 minis, a man, (so of all the 
 others,) the slaying of, or 
 killing. 
 
 Im,mure. To enclose with walls, to 
 shut up or imprison, im, for in, 
 within, and murus, a wall. 
 
 Logic, gr. The art of reasoning 
 justly. The Greek word 
 logos, means a word, speech, 
 or discourse. 
 
 Analysis, gr. The separating of a 
 compound into its constituent 
 parts. Gr. Lusis, a dissolving. 
 
 Meter, ) sax. Measure, verse, ar- 
 Metre, S rangement of poetical 
 feet of long and short sylla- 
 bles in verse. Metrum, a 
 measure. 
 
 a mono poly bi. 
 
 sub octora bin* 
 mon mult. 
 
 dis ex sub semi. 
 
 Miso,gamist, gr. A hater of marriage. 
 
 Gr. Misos or miseo, to hate, ga- 
 
 mos ( marriage. 
 Ocular, Ocularius. Depending on the 
 
 eye, received by actual sight 
 
 Oculus, the eye. 
 Orb, Orbis. A spherical or round 
 
 body, a circle or period, the eye. 
 
 n Euphonic.
 
 160 
 
 un 
 
 dis extra sub. 
 
 penta poly tetra tri 
 mono octa di bi a. 
 a anti cata dys eu 
 homo poly sym. 
 
 centu circum com 
 muld sup tri 
 con re sub un 
 
 in 
 ex. 
 
 du im 
 
 dis non un. 
 
 extra multi nocti. 
 
 dis mono multi 
 octo poly tetra. 
 
 a anti eu mono un. 
 
 con fore in pre. 
 
 inter sub subier. 
 
 dia homo in mono 
 
 semi tri. 
 
 anti hypo para 
 
 syn. 
 
 a mono pan poly 
 
 tri. 
 
 con ec (for ex) helio 
 
 geo para self sub. 
 
 Order, Ordo. Regular disposition, pro- 
 per state, to direct or command. 
 Petal, gr. (in botany), a flower-leaf. 
 
 Phonics, gr. The science of sound, 
 the art of combining musical 
 Bounds. Gr. Phone, a sound or 
 voice. 
 
 Plicate, Plicatus, Folded like a fan, 
 • plaited, knit or entwined toge- 
 ther. Plico, to be knit together. 
 
 Regard, f. To look towards, to ob- 
 serve, to attend to, to respect. 
 
 Soli,vagant, Soliv&gus. Wandering 
 alone. Vagus, wandering, solus, 
 alone. 
 
 Syllable, gr. A letter or combination 
 of letters uttered at a single im- 
 pulse of the voice. Gr. Sun and 
 i Lambano, taken together. 
 
 Sym,pathy, gr. Fellow feeling, the 
 quality of being affected by the 
 suffering of others. Gr. Pathos, 
 suffering or feeling, sun, with. 
 
 Signify, Significo, significatio. To 
 express meaning, to make known. 
 Signum, a sign, facio, to make. 
 
 Stratum, Stratum. A bed or layer of 
 earth, coal, stone, &c. 
 
 Tone, gr. Tonus. A sound or modi- 
 fication of sound, accent. 
 
 Thesis, gr. A position or proposition 
 which a person advances and 
 offers to maintain by argument. 
 
 Theist, gr. One who believes in the ex- 
 istence of a God. Gr. Theos, God. 
 
 Center, gr. and Centrum. The middle 
 of any thing.
 
 161 
 
 SECTION XXVII. 
 
 A few words analyzed more particularly, which may 
 excite the scholar to a further examination into the structure 
 of words in general. 
 
 Anniversary, is from annus, a year, and versus, a turning or 
 returning. Hence the import, returning with the year, 
 or a yearly celebration. 
 
 Animadvert, is from vcrtus, turning, animus, the mind, ad to 
 Whence comes the meaning to consider, &c. 
 
 Apostate, gr., is Apo, from or off, and stas, standing. Hence 
 one who has departed from. 
 
 Atmosphere, gr. Atmos, vapor, and sphaira, round or sphere. 
 
 Alphabet. The first two Greek letters, alpha beta. 
 
 Agriculture. Ager agri, a field, and cnltura, tillage. 
 
 Apode, gr. A, privative, meaning without, and pous, a foot. 
 Whence apode is without feet, like a fish. PoZypode, 
 antipodes. 
 
 Apology, gr. Apo, from or off, and logos, a word. Hence 
 excusing. 
 
 Blaspheme, gr. Blax, nefarious or impious, and phemi, to 
 speak. 
 
 Conjugal. Con, with or together, and jugum, a yoke, mean- 
 ing yoked together, or married. 
 
 Constant, distant, circumstance. Con, means together or 
 with, di, separated or apart, and circum, around. Stans, 
 is standing ; whence constant, is standing together, or 
 fixed, firm, steady, &c. Distant, standing apart ; 
 whence it implies remote, reserved, &c. So good cir- 
 cumstances is being surrounded by every thing needftd. 
 
 Consequences, subsequent. Con, with, sub, under or after. 
 Sequens, following. Then consequences are what fol- 
 low in connection with, but subsequent is what follows 
 after. 
 
 Cataract, gr. Kata, against, and rasso, to dash. 
 
 Confident, diffident, infidel, and perfidy, all from fides or 
 fidens, meaning faith, trust, &c, modified by the pre- 
 fixes, con, dif, in, and per. 
 
 Concomitant, is from comes, a companion, and comes is 
 from con and eo, to go with, con, repeated, implies a
 
 162 
 
 repetition of meaning, as going and coming together, 
 or a continued union. 
 
 Disease. From dis and ease, a deprivation of ease. 
 
 Dismal. Malus, evil, dies, day, hence dire, horrid, gloomy. 
 
 Despise. Specio, to look, de, down, as with contempt. 
 
 Decapolis. Deca, ten, polis, a city. 
 
 Desultory, insult, exult, result. De, down or from, in, in or 
 on, ex, out, re, again or back, and salio, to leap. Then 
 desultory, is leaping or passing abruptly from one sub- 
 ject to another, ircsult, leaping on, or gross abuse. 
 Exult, leaping out, or excessive joy ; and result, leap- 
 ing back, or a consequence following. 
 
 Devious, previous, pervious. De, from, via, the way; whence, 
 out of the way, wandering. So pre, before, and per, by 
 or through, give the different imports. 
 
 Divide. From the obsolete word viduo, to separate, di, apart. 
 Then individual, is one undivided person or thing. 
 
 Disaster. Dis, separation, astron, from his star. The an- 
 cients supposed the star under which a person was born 
 governed his destiny ; hence, disaster comes to mean 
 ill-luck, misfortune. 
 
 Democrat, gr. Demos, the people, and Kratos, power ; 
 whence a popular government. 
 
 Discrepency. Crepo, to crackle or jingle, dis, asunder; hence 
 the import, disagreement of parts, like jingling asunder. 
 
 Expedite. Ex, and pes pedis, a foot. To facilitate, &c. 
 
 Epilepsy, gr. Epi, upon, and lambano, to leap, as a fit. 
 
 Equivocate. Equus, alike or equal, and vocatus, called ; 
 whence the meaning becomes doubtful, uncertain. 
 
 Evidence. Video, to see or discover, e, out, or elucidate. 
 
 Epidemic, gr. Epi, upon, Demos, the people. 
 
 Fluent, affluent, superfluous, and influence, are all from 
 fluo, to flow, modified by their prefixes. 
 
 Geography, gr. Ge, the earth, and grapho to write. 
 
 Geometry, gr. Ge and metreo, to measure. 
 
 Infant. For, to speak, makes fans, speaking; in means not, 
 then an infant, is one not able to speak or use language. 
 
 Metropolis, gr. Meter, a mother, and polis, a city. 
 
 Monotony, gr. Monos, one or alone, and tonos, a tone or 
 sound. 
 
 Manage. Manus, the hand, and age, from ago, to do.
 
 163 
 
 Monopolize, gr. Monos, alone, and poleo, to buy. 
 
 Monarch, gr. Monos, and archos, a chief. 
 
 Mancipate, to enslave. Manus, the hand, and capio, to take. 
 
 Orb, from orbis, a spherical body; orbit, the curve line in 
 which it moves. Then exorbitant, is departing from 
 the usual track or course. 
 
 Order, from ordo, makes extraordinary. 
 
 Prophet, gr. Pro, before, and phemi, to speak. 
 
 Period, gr. Peri, around, and odos, a way or road. Then 
 a periodical, is what goes the rounds at stated times. 
 
 Providence. Pro and videns, seeing before. 
 
 Peregrinate. Ager, agri, a field, and hence peregrinate, to 
 travel through the country. 
 
 Pennsylvania. Penn, the name of the founder, and sylva, a 
 wood. 
 
 Pedagogue, gr. Pais, a child, and agogos, a leader. 
 
 Preposterous, Posterus, from post, after, and pre, before ; 
 hence, it means putting that first which should be last, 
 or absurd. 
 
 Repugnant, Pugnans, fighting, re, back ; or opposite, con- 
 trary. 
 
 Roborant, strengthening, from robur, oak of the hardest 
 kind, and cor for con, makes corroborate, to confirm. 
 
 Sympathy, gr. Syn for sun, means with, and pathos, suffer- 
 ing, then it means suffering with, or fellow feeling. 
 Apathy, without feeling. Antipa,\hy, opposition of 
 feelings. 
 
 Synod, gr. Syn for sun, and odos, a way or road. 
 
 Synopsis, gr. Syn and opsis, the sight ; whence one view. 
 
 Supercilious. Super, above, ciliurn, the eye-brow, or 
 haughty. 
 
 Sincere. Sine, without, cera wax ; whence, unmixed, pure. 
 
 Universe. Versus, a turning, unus, into one ; a collective 
 whole. 
 
 Vague. Vagus, wandering, extra, beyond, making extra- 
 vagant. 
 
 SECTION XXVIII. 
 
 Importance of knowing Latin words, or of understand 
 ing that language.
 
 164 
 
 From the vast number of Latin words which have either 
 in whole or in parts become incorporated with the English 
 language, much benefit is derived from a knowledge of their 
 primitive import. In most cases they give that turn to the 
 English signification, which accords with their original 
 meaning. Hence the primary signification of such Latin 
 roots as are extensively involved in the composition of our 
 language, must necessarily furnish an important auxiliary 
 in determining the true import of all such English words. 
 
 For instance, the verb facto, with its supine factum, 
 whose simple primitive meaning is to do, to make, or to 
 cause, enters in some form into the composition of more 
 than 500 of our English words ; and in every case imparts 
 more or less of its original signification. A knowledge, 
 therefore, of the meaning of that verb and its supine, with 
 the ability to distinguish its combination in any word, must 
 of necessity aid the scholar in a more perfect compre- 
 hension of the true import of all English words, of which 
 this is a component part. 
 
 This is a consideration fully equivalent for learning the. 
 primitive meaning of facio, factum. The same is true to a 
 very great extent in avast multitude of Latin primitives. 
 Much would be gained by committing Latin primitives as 
 they occur. 
 
 Words of Greek origin, while they furnish a fruitful 
 source of derivation, are by no means as numerous or im- 
 portant as those of Latin. 
 
 We will subjoin a few of the most prominent words in 
 Greek and Latin, with something near the number of their 
 several combinations in the formation of English words, viz. 
 
 Facio, Factum, 500 ; Pono, Positum, 250 ; Plico, 200 ; 
 Fero, Latum, 198; Specio, 177; Mitto, Missum, 174; 
 Teneo, Tentum, 168 ; Capio, Captum, 197 ; Tendo, Ten- 
 sum, Tentum, 162 ; Duco, Ductum, 156 ; Logos, gr. 156 ; 
 Grapho, gr. 152. These twelve words enter in some 
 shape into the composition of nearly 2500 English words. 
 
 From 154 Greek and Latin primitives which have been 
 examined, in reference to this point, it is found that not far 
 from 13,000 English words receive more or less of their 
 component parts, characterizing the English signification 
 to a greater or less extent. 
 
 FINIS.
 
 
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