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 THE LIBRARY 
 
 OF 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY 
 
 OF CALIFORNIA 
 
 LOS ANGELES 
 
 ^v 
 
 OiK hilOV-^ 
 
 grtatrich*
 
 DULWICH 
 
 HISTORY AND ROMANCE
 
 DULWICH 
 
 HISTORY AND ROMANCE 
 967-1922 
 
 THE MANOR, COLLEGE, SCHOOLS, 
 VILLAGE AND PICTURE GALLERY, 
 EDWARD ALLEYN AND THE 
 ELIZABETHAN AND JACOBEAN 
 THEATRES 
 
 EDWIN T. HALL 
 
 AN ESTATES AND COLLEGE GOVERNOR OF DDLWICH COLLEGE 
 AND CHAIRMAN OF THE PICTURE GALLERY COMMITTEE 
 
 SECOND AND ENLARGED EDITION 
 1922 
 
 BICKERS & SONS, LTD., PUBLISHERS
 
 ( V ) 
 
 CONTENTS. 
 
 
 PACK 
 
 DuLWicH Manor, 967 — 1605 i 
 
 The Priory of Bermondsey i 
 
 dulwich and its environment 3 
 
 The Manor House 5 
 
 The Pilgrim Way 6 
 
 View from Sydenham Hill 7 
 
 St. Mary Overie and St. Saviour's, Southwark . 8 
 Elizabethan and Jacobean Theatres and the Bear 
 
 Garden lo 
 
 The Dulwich Manuscripts 21 
 
 Edward Alleyn and Dulwich College, 1605— 1857 22 
 
 The Foundation Deed and Banquet .... 26 
 
 The Corpopation 27 
 
 The College Buildings a8 
 
 The Chapel and the Founder's Tomb ... 30 
 
 The Four Interested Parishes 31 
 
 Troublous Times, and Developments .... 32 
 
 Two Notable Masters 34 
 
 The Reconstituted Corporation, 1857— 1882 . 35 
 
 The Corporation Reorganised, 1882— 1922 . . 37 
 
 The Estates 40 
 
 The Estates Governors 40 
 
 The College Governors 42 
 
 Appreciation of Edward Alleyn 42 
 
 The Hamlet and its Architecture .... 43 
 
 Famous Hostelries 45 
 
 The Dulwich Club 47 
 
 Dulwich and War 49 
 
 Distinguished Residents 50 
 
 The Picture Gallery 53 
 
 The Masters of the College, 1619—1922. 
 
 The Chairmen of the Governors of AUeyn's College, 1857- -1882. 
 
 The Chairmen of the Estates Governors, 1882— 1922. 
 
 The Chairmen of the College Governors, 1882 — 1922. 
 
 The Board of Estates Governors, 1922. 
 
 The Board of College Governors, 1922. 
 
 6297S3
 
 ( vii ) 
 
 ILLUSTRATIONS. 
 
 FROM MS 
 
 The Dulwich Village .... 
 
 King Eadgar, from a Charter of 966 
 
 Gallery Road . 
 
 The Manor House . 
 
 The Toll Gate 
 
 Croxted Lane . 
 
 Old Globe Theatre 
 
 Bear Baiting . 
 
 Play Bill of Bear Garden, 
 
 Edward Alleyn 
 
 The Fortune Theatre . 
 
 iAMES I . . . . 
 
 ,ORD Chancellor Bacon 
 Inigo Jones 
 Alleyn's College . 
 Dulwich College, 1870 . 
 Alleyn's School 
 James Allen's Girls' School 
 "Warrigul" . 
 "Fairheld" 
 "The Hall" . 
 " Lyndenhurst " 
 Casino House . 
 "The Greyhound" Inn . 
 Noel Desenfans 
 Sir p. F. Bourgeois, R.A. 
 The Picture Gallery, Exterior . 
 The Picture Gallery, Interior . 
 Philip IV (Velasquez) . 
 A Road near a River (Cuyp) 
 The Prince of Oneglia (Van Dyck) 
 The Flower Girl (Murillo) 
 Helen Fourment (Rubens) 
 The Girl at the Window (Rembrandt) 
 Mrs. Siddons (Sir J. Reynolds) 
 Le Bal Champetre (VVatteau) 
 William Cartwright 
 Mrs. Moody (Gainsborough) 
 Room No. IX in Gallery 
 The Gallery Garden 
 The Catalpa .... 
 
 . Frontispiece 
 
 Face page i 
 
 4 
 
 5 
 6 
 
 7 
 
 16 
 20 
 21 
 22 
 
 23 
 26 
 27 
 28 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 32 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 44 
 46 
 
 47 
 54 
 55 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 56 
 58 
 59 
 60
 
 ( ix ) 
 
 PREFACE TO FIRST EDITION. 
 
 On the 1st September, 1616, the Chapel of Christ 
 at Dulwich College was dedicated by the Archbishop 
 of Canterbury, and in commemoration the Author 
 was invited this year to give an illustrated lecture on 
 Dulwich, in the College Hall. This lecture was 
 repeated for the London Society. It was then 
 thought by the Estates Governors of the College 
 that the tercentenary of the dedication might be 
 a fitting opportunity for supplying the long-felt want 
 of a book, which should give in a succinct form, 
 convenient for reference, the salient points of the 
 local history. 
 
 At the request and under the authority of the 
 Estates Governors, the Author has undertaken this 
 work, which is now published with the title of 
 " Dulwich History and Romance." 
 
 The period dealt with extends over nearly a 
 thousand years ; and although a student may collect 
 many of the facts set forth, and of course infi- 
 nitely more detail, from the monumental works 
 dealing with the subject, these are volvuninous and 
 demand too great a tax on the time of those who 
 have little leisure, while none of them are brought 
 up to date. 
 
 An endeavour has been made in this book to give 
 to residents sufficient history to stimulate the love 
 which they doubtless feel for the locality, with its 
 many charms ; to those who are more intimately 
 interested in " Alleyn's College of God's Gift " 
 (embracing Dulwich College and the various schools
 
 ( X ) 
 
 and parishes connected with the Foundation), a 
 concise account of the career and aims of the 
 Founder, with particulars and dates of the various 
 events, deeds and enactments, relating to the origin 
 and evolution of the Corporation down to the present 
 time; to the wide circle of artistic and other cultured 
 people the history of the Dulwich Picture Gallery 
 and its various collections; and to the English 
 speaking race in general, some particulars of 
 Mediaeval Ecclesiastical Establishments in South 
 London connected with Dulwich, and their ramifi- 
 cations ; of Shakespeare and his contemporaries, 
 and the scene of some of their brilliant labours ; of 
 other famous men ; and lastly a graphic description 
 of one spot in the Old Country, a microcosm in 
 which boys and girls from all parts of the Empire 
 have been, and are being, prepared to take their 
 place worthily as exponents of British ideals in the 
 four quarters of the Globe. 
 
 The Author wishes to acknowledge his indebted- 
 ness to the following authorities, among others 
 which he has consulted and from which he has 
 largely drawn his material : Young's " History of 
 Dulwich," Stow's " Survey of London," Knight's 
 " Old England," Blanch's " History of Camberwell," 
 the Encyclopgedia Britannica, Dr. Warner's " Cata- 
 logue of Manuscripts and Muniments of Dulwich 
 College," " Henslowe's Diary," edited by W. G. 
 Greg, the original Alleyn MSS., Dr. Martin's 
 " Shakespeare and the Bankside," Canon Thompson's 
 " Guide to Southwark Cathedral," Field's " Ramble 
 round Mediseval Southwark," Cook's " Life of John 
 Ruskin," Collingwood's " Life of John Ruskin," Sir 
 Edward Cook's Catalogue of the Picture Gallery, 
 the Acts of Parliament and Governmental Schemes 
 connected with Alleyn's College, Reports of Dulwich 
 local charities, old maps, plans, engravings, etc.
 
 ( xi ) 
 
 He desires also to thank the General Manager of 
 the Dulwich Estates, and the Clerk of the College 
 Governors, for the kind assistance they have given ; 
 the numerous other gentlemen who have supplied 
 information on various points ; and particularly his 
 thanks are due to Mr. Philip Hope of Dulwich 
 College for many valuable suggestions and other help. 
 
 1916. 
 
 PREFACE TO SECOND EDITION. 
 
 The first edition having been exhausted it has been 
 decided to meet the continued demand for the book 
 by publishing a second edition. The opportunity has 
 been taken of enlarging the book by expanding the 
 details of Edward Alleyn's life and works, and by 
 including an outline history of the first theatres in 
 London, with that of the Playwrights and Actors of 
 Elizabethan and Jacobean days. 
 
 Some further illustrations have been added, and 
 the history itself has been extended to the present 
 date. 
 
 The Author has derived much information from 
 " Shakespearian Playhouses " by J. Quincey Adams 
 of the Cornell University, U.S.A., a writer of 
 authority and a sincere and sympathetic friend of 
 England throughout the recent great War. 
 
 Dulivkh 1922.
 
 King Eadcar. 
 
 From the Cliaricr of Wniclwslcr.
 
 DULWICH HISTORY AND 
 ROMANCE. 
 
 OW few people know the history of the dis- 
 trict in which they live! How many are 
 there living even in Dulwich who know that 
 it was a jewel in the Kingly Crown of Saxon, 
 Norman, and Tudor : that it was a Royal domain 
 at least a century before the Norman Conquest? 
 
 In Anglo-Saxon, Dulwich means *' the Village in 
 the Valley." 
 
 Dulwich Manor, a.d. 967 to 1605. 
 
 The history of the Manor begins with King Eadgar, 
 who in 967 gave Dilwihs, as it was then called, to 
 one of his Thanes. The illustration, copied from 
 the very beautiful Charter of Winchester in 966 
 depicts King Eadgar, supported by the Blessed 
 Virgin and St. Peter, beneath the enthroned Christ, 
 supported by angels. The original is in the British 
 Museum, and by the courtesy of the authorities the 
 present copy has been made. The King was a great 
 ruler, and it is of special interest to-day to note that 
 sea power had a very real meaning for him. We 
 are told that he increased his fleet to 360 ships, and 
 once a year he sailed them round the island. In the 
 next century the owner of Dulwich was Earl Harold, 
 the last of the Saxon Kings, who vainly strove to 
 stem the tide of Norman conquest and civilization 
 that overflowed the land. Then W^illiam the Con- 
 queror took possession. 
 
 The Priory of Bermondsey. 
 
 William Rufus, who succeeded, co-operated in 
 founding the Priory of Bermondsey, to be occupied, 
 
 B
 
 ( 2 ) 
 
 governed and served by foreigners of the Cluniac 
 Order, the first and principal branch of the Bene- 
 dictine Order. 
 
 Most Londoners have heard of Bermondsey as a 
 densely populated portion of South London. It 
 was so called because it was a Sey, or Marshy Island, 
 owned by the Saxon Beormund. But within it, by 
 the side of the Thames, just to the east of London 
 Bridge, a beautiful church had been built by Aylwin 
 Child, before 1083 when Domesday book was 
 finished. In 1089 the Foundation of the Priory 
 was completed and William II in 1094 bestowed on 
 it the new Church and the Manor of Bermondsey. 
 
 In 1127 Henry I further endowed it with the 
 Manor of Dulwich. 
 
 The Priory was, as has been said, governed by 
 foreigners, who were nominated by the Houses of 
 Cluni, La Charite sur Loire, and St. Martin des 
 Champs in Paris. What wonder that the resident 
 native and Anglicised Monks were dissatisfied with 
 foreign rule, and with the immigration of a continual 
 stream of strangers, alien in sympathy and views, 
 who sent a large part of the income of the Founda- 
 tion out of the Kingdom ! The disaffection increased 
 as time went by, until Edward III in 1371 seques- 
 trated the Priory, and in January, 1373, appointed 
 the first English Prior in the person of Richard 
 Denton. It was not however until 1381 that 
 Richard II made the Priory independent of the 
 foreign chiefs of the Order. In 1399 it became an 
 Abbey and was famous. Katherine of France, Queen 
 of Henry V, died there in 1437. Henry VI's widow, 
 Elizabeth Woodville, lived and died there. So 
 things went on until 1537-8, when the Abbey was 
 voluntarily surrendered to Henry VIII, and within 
 a short time it was sold and the buildings pulled 
 down. The Manor of Dulwich was granted by the
 
 ( 3 ) 
 
 King in 1544 to Thomas Calton, descending to his 
 son Nicholas, who died in 1575, and then, by in- 
 heritance, to Nicholas' son Francis, a boy 10 years 
 old. 
 
 The Royal Manor thus passed into private hands, 
 and, as it was shortly to be started on a new career, 
 it will be worth while to take a survey of the place. 
 
 DULWICH AND ITS ENVIRONMENT. 
 
 Bounded and sheltered on the South by the great 
 wood on the Northern slopes of Sydenham and 
 Crown Hills, hence called the North wood or Nor- 
 wood, on tne South-west by Knight's Hill, on the 
 East by Forest Hill, and on the North-west by 
 Dulwich Hiil, later called Denmark Hill — from 
 George Prince of Denmark, who is said to have lived 
 there, — lay Dulwich " the Village in the Valley "; 
 only 5 miles from Queen Eleanor's Charing Cross, 
 and the same distance from the Standard at Cornhill. 
 It was then, and is even to-day in some parts, pro- 
 bably just as it was in the time of King Eadgar. 
 
 In the centre is the Hamlet, with its wide open 
 High Street bordered by trees in the grass wastes of 
 the Manor. 
 
 At the corner near the existing old burial ground 
 stood the Stocks and Cage for evil doers, with the 
 inscription " It is as sport to a fool to do mischief — 
 thine own wickedness shall correct thee." 
 
 At the South end of the Hamlet was the green, 
 and behind it a meadow, known as early as 1380 as 
 " Howletts," existing to-day, with the old path from 
 East to West across it. 
 
 At the West — at Heme Hill — was Island Green, 
 probably so called because the Effra surrounded it.
 
 ( 4 ) 
 
 Heme is said to be derived from the herons that 
 frequented the place. 
 
 From Dulwich Green the only road going south was 
 known as Back Lane, now the Gallery Road. It led 
 to Dulwich Common and the North wood, a wild and 
 lawless place of great extent, intersected by many 
 paths and tracks, infested by highwaymen, and un- 
 safe for travellers even down to the beginning of the 
 nineteenth century. In the middle of the eighteenth 
 century complaint was made that " Watchmen 
 notwithstanding, robberies and murders occurred 
 almost every night." In 1778 the inhabitants applied 
 for leave to establish nightly watches. In the upper 
 part of the wood there lived for many years, in a 
 cave which he had formed, an old man known aS 
 " the Dulwich Hermit." In 1802 he was murdered, 
 and his assailant could never be found. 
 
 Of ancient times there was a bird Fair held at 
 Dulwich on Sunday mornings at 6 o'clock, and 
 until last century there was a Fair on the 
 Common. 
 
 The Common was no doubt from early times a 
 Royal hunting ground, hence the name " Kings- 
 wood." Charles I and his Court frequently came 
 to Dulwich for sport, and his Royal Warrant gave 
 authority to make known His Majesty's Commands 
 to the inhabitants of Dulwich, " that they forbear to 
 hunt the Kings stagges with greyhounds, hounds, 
 gunnes, or any other means whatever." 
 
 Fox-hounds met at Gipsy Hill as late as the 
 middle of last century, and a well-known present 
 resident banker remembers going there as a boy 
 with his father, to see the hounds throw off. " Dog 
 Kennel Hill " and " The Fox under the Hill " are 
 local names survivals of the' sport. 
 
 Gallants from London came to Dulwich Common 
 to fight duels.
 
 G^VLLEIIY KOAD.
 
 in 
 
 O 
 
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 The Manor House. 
 
 From the South end of Gallery Road, a track led 
 southwards across the Common to the Manor House, 
 known in 1541 as Hall Place, built chiefly of timber, 
 standing close to what is now Park Road, nearly 
 opposite the end of Croxted Road. It had been the 
 summer residence of the Abbots of Bermondsey, 
 and later on was the residence of Edward Alleyn, 
 the Founder of Dulwich College. In 1750 a Captain 
 Lynn lived there, and in a quarrel with a neighbour, 
 resulting in a duel close by, the Captain was killed. 
 
 In 1768 the then tenant partially rebuilt the house, 
 and so it remained, as shewn, until 1883, when it 
 was pulled down, to the great regret of many. It 
 stood in grounds of about 30 acres, extending 
 towards Gipsy Hill, a place so called because of the 
 large encampments of gipsies frequently to be seen 
 there. 
 
 The Norwood gipsies were famous as fortune- 
 tellers, and were visited by large numbers of people, 
 among them by Mrs. Pepys on 11th August, 1668, 
 by King George HI when Prince of Wales, and by 
 Lord Byron when at Dr. Glennie's School, of which 
 further mention will be made presently. 
 
 The track from Back Lane to the Manor House 
 was converted by the same tenant, in 1773, into a 
 road, practically identical with that part of the 
 present Alleyn Park which is on the west of the 
 College playing-fields. Another track, from the same 
 end of Back Lane, led eastwards, past the wind-mill 
 and the large pond, on to the green by Lordship 
 Lane, so called because it separated the Manors of 
 Dulwich and Friern, all Manors being Lordships. 
 
 From the centre of the Hamlet, Court Lane 
 extended, as it does now, to the same Lordship 
 Lane.
 
 ( 6 ) 
 
 Starting from the Hamlet, a further track led 
 south east, between the Windmill and the pond, to 
 Penge. In the early part of the 19th century this 
 was made into what is now called College Road. 
 
 The Toll Gate on the College Road, which existed 
 before 1811, remains to-day, the road being main- 
 tained at the expense of the College estate. 
 
 In 1787 the road, now called Fountain Road, 
 was made by one Morgan, for better access between 
 his house on Sydenham Hill and fields in his 
 occupation at the bottom end. 
 
 The Pilgrim Way. 
 
 The most important Road from Island Green to 
 Dulwich is now called Croxted Road, but in 1334 
 was known as " Crokestrete, " a winding lane with 
 large trees, hedge-rows and ditches, which remained 
 as shown until about 1880. It was the Pilgrim 
 Way to the far-famed shrine of St. Thomas a 
 Becket at Canterbury, from the Thames ferries, 
 through Lambeth, across Dulwich Common, over 
 Sydenham Hill, then down to Penge, Otford, and 
 Wrotham, across the ferry at Snodland, thence past 
 Lenham to Charing, and so on to the Cathedral : a 
 beautiful way for the pilgrims to take, and one 
 can picture them passing through Crokestrete under 
 the wide-spreading trees, then opening out in loose 
 order across the Common, climbing the wooded 
 hills, and soon to be lost to view in their depths. 
 
 The anglers on the Effra's banks turn to see thei 
 company pass by : men-at-arms, monks from West- 
 minster, lawyers, doctors, yeomen, and a motley 
 group of begging friars, ploughmen and vagrants, 
 many clad in the pilgrim's garb of hood and cape, 
 staff and scrip, water-bottle and low-crowned hat. 
 They are joined at the Common by the Dulwich 
 Miller, the Inn-keepers, and others.
 
 
 
 
 
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 ( 7 ) 
 
 View from Sydenham Hill. 
 
 When they reach the hill top, more than 300 feet 
 above the Thames, they pause to take a last view of 
 the valley, and we may well fancy the beauty of the 
 scene which unfolded itself before them. It is May, 
 and Dulwich is at its best; birds fill the air with 
 song, the meadows are flecked with golden butter- 
 cups, and patches of rich brown mark the new 
 ploughed fields ; again a glint of silvery light discloses 
 the presence of many a stream and glowing pond, 
 reflecting the bright azure of the sky, now dappled 
 with fleecy clouds. The hedges are gay with wild 
 rose, hawthorn and blackberry; the orchards aglow 
 with bloosoms of the pear, the cherry and the plum, 
 flushed with the delicate tints of apple blossom. 
 All these tender hues stand out in bright relief 
 against the soft background of the trees, in which 
 are mingled the lustrous foliage of the copper 
 beech and the gem-like gleam of flowering thorns, 
 of chestnuts red and white, of lilac, maple and 
 laburnum. Here and there may be seen a farm 
 house, its pantiled roofs and weather-boarded walls 
 of silver grey blending harmoniously with the 
 whole. In the centre stands the Windmill, on the 
 edge of the open space, lazily turning in the gentle 
 wind ; men and cattle are in the fields, and on the 
 Common is a gipsy encampment, then a strange and 
 unwonted sight — with groups of the wanderers in 
 motley garb of all the colours of the rainbow. To 
 the left from the deep shadow of the Northwood 
 rises the Effra, broadening to the wide stream which 
 the Pilgrims had lately crossed, and running — with 
 many a backwater like that remaining to this day at 
 ** Belair " — almost parallel to Crokestrete, through 
 what is now Dulwich Road, Water Lane and Effra 
 Road, on to the Thames, from which, in later days.
 
 ( 8 ) 
 
 Queen Elizabeth came in her barge, to enjoy the 
 sylvan beauties of Dulwich. 
 
 In the middle distance, through the foliage and 
 across the marshes, can be seen, among many others, 
 the tower and spire of old St. Paul's rising to a 
 height of 520 feet, the towerless roofs of West- 
 minster Abbey, of St. Stephen's, and the White 
 Friars, with a glimpse of St. Mary Overie and the 
 old houses on London Bridge; in the further 
 distance, bounding the view, the blue and purple 
 hills of Hampstead and of Harrow. 
 
 Truly a fair scene to look upon. And about a 
 century later, so thought Edward Alleyn, Lord of 
 the Manor, on his way from the Manor House, 
 where he had lived since 1613, when he began to 
 build his " College of God's Gift " on Dulwich 
 Green. 
 
 St. Mary Overie and St. Saviour's, 
 South WARK. 
 
 Before proceeding further, we must contemplate 
 another great Church and Priory of far more 
 ancient foundation than that of Bermondsey, and, 
 in its later history, intimately connected with Dul- 
 which in particular, with " The Father of the Public 
 School system of the Country," and with the oldest 
 University in America. 
 
 Only a short distance to the west of the site of the 
 later Bermondsey Priory, a church had been founded 
 as a House of Sisters, at a date unknown, but 
 possibly in the 7th century, by Mary the Ferryman's 
 daughter, when no London Bridge existed, and en- 
 dowed by her with " the oversight and profits of 
 the Ferry." It was called St. Mary Overie, which 
 means over the water or river. St. Swithun changed 
 the foundation to a College for Priests. He became
 
 ( 9 ) 
 
 the first Prior in 852, and was afterwards Bishop of 
 Winchester. In 1106 the Church was re-founded 
 for Canons Regular of the Order of St. Augustine; 
 Aldgod was the first Prior, and in this year the 
 Norman Nave was built. This was partially de- 
 stroyed by fire, and, in 1207 to 1220, on the Norman 
 pillars the Early English superstructure of the Nave 
 was erected, as well as the Choir and Retro Choir 
 or Lady Chapel. The Transepts were built in 
 1400, and the Altar screen in 1520. 
 
 In 1362 William of Wykeham was ordained 
 Acolyte, Sub-deacon and Priest in the Chapel. It 
 is hardly necessary to speak of his foundations of 
 New College at Oxford and Winchester College, 
 new departures in the whole scheme of education, 
 the prototypes of the University and Public School 
 systems of to-day. 
 
 In 1424 James I of Scotland was married in the 
 Church to Joan, the niece of Cardinal Beaufort, and 
 daughter of the Earl of Somerset. When only 13 
 years old, on a flight to France, James had been 
 driven on to the English coast, captured, and for 
 about 18 years detained a prisoner. From his prison 
 in Windsor Castle, where, however, he was kindly 
 entertained, he had seen the Lady Joan walking in the 
 garden, and had fallen in love with her. Stow relates 
 " They kept their marriage feast in the Bishoppe of 
 Winchester's place by the sayde Church of St. Mary 
 Overies." 
 
 The Priory was dissolved by Henry VIII, the 
 Church was leased by him to the parishioners in 
 1540, was re-named St. Saviour's in 1541, and made 
 the Parish Church of three United Parishes. In 
 1614 the freehold of the Church and Rectory were 
 purchased by the parishioners from James I. 
 
 Edward Alleyn lived for some time " harde by the 
 Clinke," the prison on the adjacent Bankside, and
 
 ( 10 ) 
 
 from 1610 to 1617 was Warden of St. Saviour's, 
 where there is a window to his memory. We shall 
 more particularly describe his career and person- 
 ality later on, and show how he identified the parish 
 with his Dulwich scheme. One of the originals of 
 the " Deed of Foundation " of Alleyn's College at 
 Dulwich, executed " quadrupartite " by AUeyn, was, 
 by his direction, deposited at St. Saviour's, and is 
 still in the parish safe of the Church. 
 
 One other name remains to be mentioned, that of 
 John Harvard, the founder of the Harvard Uni- 
 versity in America. He was the son of Robert 
 Harvard, a contemporary of Edward Alleyn, an^ 
 one of the overseers of the parish, who lived in a 
 house close to the church. John was born there, 
 and baptised on 29th Nov. 1607. He took a degree 
 at Cambridge University, and went to America, 
 where, after a short residence, he died in 1638, 
 bequeathing his property to found a School for 
 Education in " Knowledge and Godliness." Har- 
 vard University is the result. Is it possible that the 
 recollection of what his father's friend Alleyn had 
 done at Dulwich suggested the idea to him ? 
 
 This great Church, rebuilt, altered, and restored, 
 after many vicissitudes, has been since 1905 the 
 Cathedral of the Diocese of Southwark, and the 
 Bishop is one of the College Governors of Dulwich. 
 
 The name " Southwark " originated from the place 
 being originally the Southweorce, or South Out- 
 work of the City of London. 
 
 Elizabethan and Jacobean Theatres and the 
 Bear Garden. 
 
 As the modern history of Dulwich is so intimately 
 connected with Edward Alleyn, the actor, of the 
 Elizabethan and Jacobean periods, when for the first 
 time permanent theatres were erected in London, it
 
 ( 11 ) 
 
 appears opportune to give a short history of their 
 origin and location. No theatres existed in the 
 Metropolis before 1576. 
 
 The earliest playhouses were the courtyards of the 
 old coaching inns. The open yard was spacious, and 
 around it on three sides were one or two storeys of 
 galleries or balconies giving access to the rooms on the 
 upper floors. The stage was erected on barrels or 
 other temporary supports in the open yard, and the 
 general public stood in the " pit," while the galleries 
 filled with benches or chairs were reserved for guests 
 or " the quality " who came to see the play. These 
 inn yards remained the type on which theatres were 
 planned nearly all through the great period, and it 
 may be said that they are the prototype of the theatres 
 of to-day. It is true the rectangular plan gave place 
 to a polygonal or circular arrangements of seats, and 
 this naturally led to a similar plan of the building 
 itself. 
 
 In the Elizabethan and Jacobean periods seventeen 
 theatres were constructed : 
 
 1. 
 
 The Theatre . 
 
 opened about 
 
 1576 
 
 2. 
 
 The Curtain 
 
 
 • • 
 
 1577 
 
 3. 
 
 The First Blackfriars 
 
 
 1576 or 
 
 1577 
 
 4. 
 
 St. Paul's 
 
 
 • • 
 
 1578 
 
 5. 
 
 Newington Butts 
 
 
 before 
 
 1580 
 
 6. 
 
 The Rose 
 
 
 • • 
 
 1587 
 
 i . 
 
 The Swan 
 
 
 • • 
 
 1595 
 
 8. 
 
 The Second Blackfriars 
 
 
 m m 
 
 1596 
 
 9. 
 
 The Globe 
 
 
 , , 
 
 1598 
 
 10. 
 
 The Fortune 
 
 
 • • 
 
 1600 
 
 11. 
 
 The Whitefriars 
 
 
 , , 
 
 1605 
 
 12. 
 
 The Red Bull 
 
 
 , ^ 
 
 1605 
 
 13. 
 
 The Hope 
 
 
 , , 
 
 1613 
 
 14. 
 
 Rosseter's Blackfriars (Porter 
 
 s Hall). 
 
 1617 
 
 15. 
 
 The Cockpit or Phoenix 
 
 • 
 
 • • 
 
 1617 
 
 IQ. 
 
 Salisbury Court 
 
 • 
 
 • • 
 
 1629 
 
 17. 
 
 The Cockpit-in-Court 
 
 • 
 
 • • 
 
 16S2
 
 ( 12 ) 
 
 It is interesting to observe that the location of most 
 of these theatres was determined by the social con- 
 ditions of the time. The Corporation of London, the 
 governing body of what was then the whole of London, 
 including its outwork Southwark, had steadily set its 
 face against playhouses and would not allow any to be 
 erected within its jurisdiction. The would-be pro- 
 prietors had to look elsewhere for sites convenient to 
 their public who lived within the City. The monas- 
 teries in and around London dissolved by Henry VIII 
 had passed to the Crown, and their lands were outside 
 the Corporation's jurisdiction. To these the pro- 
 prietors turned, and there found their homes. The 
 first theatre erected, appropriately called " The 
 Theatre," was in Finsbury Field on the former Holy- 
 well Priory Estate. " The Curtain " was on part of 
 the same property, called the Curtain Estate, and only 
 just south of " The Theatre." " The First Black- 
 friars " was in what had been the buttery of Black- 
 friars Monastery on the City side of the river ; " The 
 Second Blackfriars " (the site of which is now the 
 Times printing office) was the former parlour and 
 hall of the Frater of the same monastery ; " St. 
 Paul's " was in the Cathedral precincts, probably the 
 Choir School ; " The Whitefriars " in Bouverie Street 
 was the one time refectory of that monastery; " The 
 Rose," " The Globe " and " The Hope " were on 
 the Bishop of Winchester's estate on the Bankside, 
 Southwark. The link between " the Church and the 
 Stage " is thus a remarkable one. " The Swan," in 
 the adjacent old Paris Garden, was on Crown land. 
 '* Newington Butts," on the ancient archery butts, 
 was also outside the City's jurisdiction. To complete 
 the list, Rosseter's was near Puddle Wharf, Black- 
 friars, " The Fortune " was in Playhouse Yard, 
 Clerkenwell ; "The Red Bull " in St. John Street, 
 Clerkenwell ; " The Cockpit " was in Cockpit Street,
 
 ( 13 ) 
 
 Drury Lane; " Salisbury Court " just to the south of 
 the present square of that name, and last, " The 
 Cockpit-in-Court," designed by Inigo Jones, was in 
 Whitehall Palace. 
 
 The men who stand out before all others of the 
 period in promoting and building theatres and 
 organising companies of actors were the Burbages, 
 Henslowe and Edward Alleyn. They were the 
 energisers and the enterprising spirits of the time. 
 Edward Alleyn, great actor as he was, combined 
 these qualities with his other talents, and not only so, 
 he was a generous friend to whom the impecunious 
 actor constantly turned for help and advice. A letter 
 has been recently discovered from W. Wilson, a 
 member or employee of Shakespeare's Company then 
 playing at " The Fortune," addressed to Alleyn, 
 asking his favovir in regard to a present from the 
 Company on the occasion of Wilson's marriage, in 
 which he mentions two other fellow-workers — Dowton 
 and Juby. 
 
 The playwrights of the period are household names, 
 many of world fame — Shakespeare, Beaumont and 
 Fletcher, Massinger, Thomas Heywood, Ben Jonson, 
 Robert Daborne, Tarleton, Nat Field, Marston, 
 Middleton, Chapman, Dekker, Webster and others. 
 Michael Drayton, the poet and dramatist, was the 
 founder of " The Whitefriars " theatre. 
 
 Among the talented actors the most famous were 
 Edward Alleyn (the future founder of Dulwich Col- 
 lege), the star actor of the Lord Admiral's Com- 
 pany), Richard Burbage, William Shakespeare, 
 John Heminges, William Kemp, Thomas Pope, G. 
 Bryan, A. Phillips, Nat Field (originally one of " the 
 Children of the Chapel," afterwards " the Children 
 of the Queen's Revels," said by Keysar to be " the 
 most expert and skilful of actors in England "), 
 William Slye, W. Osteler (originally one of the 
 children of " Blackfriars ") and Condell.
 
 ( 14 ) 
 
 Henslowe's diary, now at Dulwich College, records 
 that from the 3rd to the 13th June 1594 " The Lord 
 Chamberlain's Men," of which Richard Burbage and 
 Shakespeare were members, and " The Lord Admiral's 
 Men," of which, as has been noted, Edward Alleyn 
 was the principal actor, played together at " The 
 Newington Butts Theatre," and among the plays then 
 acted were " Titus Andronicus," " The Taming of 
 the Shrew," and " Hamlet." This is, I believe, the 
 only record of the two Companies playing at the same 
 time at any theatre. 
 
 In the earlier days the theatres were private 
 speculations, and the financial position of the actors 
 was a precarious one. They received the pennies paid 
 by the people in the pit and " sent the hat round " 
 during the performance, sometimes stopping for this 
 purpose at an exciting part of the play. 
 
 The receipts from the audience of the galleries went 
 to the proprietor of the theatre. Such an arrange- 
 ment, however, was bound to end when theatres 
 became permanent institutions, and in the companies 
 organised by Henslowe, Alleyn, Burbage, Shakespeare 
 and others the principal actors were " sharers," or, 
 as we should say to-day, " shareholders." It is 
 curious to note how fluid were the companies. They 
 were always changing — dissolving, reorganising, merg- 
 ing one into another, or, more accurately speaking, 
 some of one company and some of another joining 
 together under a new appellation — that of The King, 
 The Queen, or of some patron of influence at Court ; 
 then perhaps reverting, and so on in endless 
 mutations. 
 
 The theatres had their excitements and anxieties 
 outside those of the drama. For example : after 
 James Burbage had purchased the Frater at Black- 
 friars in 1596 and spent a large sum of money in 
 converting part of it into a theatre for his Company,
 
 ( 15 ) 
 
 the Privy Council forbade its use for plays, a rebuff 
 very keenly felt by Burbage. He died shortly after- 
 wards and left the new theatre to his son Richard, 
 who in 1600 was able to let it to " the Children of 
 the Chapel " before mentioned, and they and their 
 successors occupied it until 1608, when, as will be seen 
 later on, he was able to give effect to his father's 
 original intention. 
 
 To take another case : in 1598 the landlord of 
 " The Theatre," taking advantage of a technical legal 
 slip, intended to appropriate the building which but 
 for this slip the occupying owners had the right to 
 remove, but the Burbages and members of Shake- 
 speare's Company were too sharp for him, taking the 
 law into their own hands ; and on the night of the 
 28th December they pulled down the building, carting 
 away the material to build their new house, " The 
 Globe." How they must have enjoyed themselves! 
 
 In 1613 the first " Globe " was burnt down during 
 a performance of Shakespeare's " Henry VIII," when 
 the wadding of a discharged gun set fire to the 
 thatched roof. 
 
 In 1617 " The Cockpit " was wrecked internally by 
 a mob of 'prentices almost as soon as it was finished. 
 
 In 1620 the first " Fortune " was burnt down. 
 
 In 1649 '' The Cockpit " and " The Fortune " 
 were internally wrecked, and " Salisbury Court " was 
 pulled down by soldiers. It was reconstructed, but in 
 1666 was burnt down in the Great Fire of London. 
 
 In 1698 " The Cockpit-in-Court " was probably 
 burnt down in the fire at the Palace. 
 
 The City authorities were inimical to theatres as 
 such, and they constantly harassed the proprietors in 
 one way or another. When they had no authority of 
 their own they used their influence with the Privy 
 Council to stop plays, succeeding in one case in 
 permanently suppressing the theatre. In 1597 " The
 
 ( 16 ) 
 
 Swan " was closed by the Privy Council in conse- 
 quence of a play which gave offence. In 1608, as a 
 result of a play at " The Second Blackfriars," which 
 offended the King of France and King James, the 
 career of " the Children of the Queen's Revels " was 
 terminated. 
 
 The plague in London constantly interfered with 
 the theatres, which were closed to prevent the spread 
 of infection. Sometimes the companies went for 
 provincial tours, but often great distress arose among 
 actors and workmen. 
 
 It has been mentioned that the tradition of the old 
 coaching inns was continued in the new theatres. 
 " The Theatre," " The Curtain," " The Rose," 
 " The Swan," " The Globe," " The Fortune," 
 " The Red Bull " and " The Hope," all had 
 uncovered " pits " in the centre, and in many the 
 stage was uncovered, but the surrounding galleries 
 were roofed in. The first " Fortune " was a square 
 building externally, the others were all either poly- 
 gonal or circular, and when *' The Fortune " was 
 burnt down it was rebuilt on a circular plan. 
 
 Nearly all the new theatres were constructed of 
 timber lathed and plastered, but *' The Swan " was 
 of flint. They were large buildings. De Witts 
 states that " The Swan " held " in its seats " 3,000 
 people. 
 
 " The Cockpit-in-Court "—the first Theatre Royal 
 — was a stone or brick building on a square plan, 
 octagonal inside. Inigo Jones's original drawing is 
 in Worcester College Library, Oxford. It is refined 
 and masterly. The design of the back of the stage — 
 the Proscenium — was inspired by that of Palladio'a 
 Teatro Olimpico at Vicenza. 
 
 The theatres in Blackfriars and Whitefriars, con- 
 structed as has been noted in the old monastic build- 
 ings, were, of course, covered, and this led to an
 
 Thk ("ii.O!ii 'I'm \Titr., IUnksidi:.
 
 ( IT ) 
 
 arrangement by which the " covered " theatres were 
 used for winter performances and the Bankside 
 " open " theatres for summer ones by the same com- 
 panies ; thus from about 1608 " The Second Black- 
 friars " was the winter home and " The Globe " the 
 summer house of Shakespeare's Company, under 
 Richard Burbage ; and " The Whitefriars " held the 
 same relation to " The Swan " under Henslowe. 
 " The Blackfriars " thus occupied was so great a 
 success that complaint was made by officials and 
 inhabitants of the interference with traffic from *' such 
 multitudes of coaches that sometimes all the streets 
 cannot contain them, but they clog up Ludgate Hill 
 also," and the Corporation vainly tried to close the 
 theatre, but the King came to the rescue of the 
 company. 
 
 The whole subject is a fascinating one, but the 
 limits of this book do not permit of further detail. It 
 may therefore be appropriate to conclude with a 
 reference to the passing of the great actors who con- 
 tributed to the glory of the period. Pope died in 
 1603, A. Phillips in 1605, W. Slye 1608, Osteler in 
 1614, Shakespeare had left the stage before 1614 and 
 died in 1616, R. Burbage died in 1619, Heminges 
 outlived them all except Field, and in 1623 Heminges 
 and Condell collected and published Shakespeare's 
 plays; Condell died in 1627, Heminges in 1630, N. 
 Field in 1623. Edward Alleyn retired from the stage 
 probably about 1605, but certainly before 1610, and 
 died in 1626. 
 
 We must now return to the precincts of St. 
 Saviour's, Southwark. 
 
 St. Saviour's stood at the east end of the Liberty 
 of the Clinke, a Manor of the Bishop of Winchester 
 on the Bankside of Southwark, extending westward 
 to the Manor of Old Paris Garden, near to what is 
 now Blackfriars Bridge. It was the locality of 
 
 C
 
 ( 18 ) 
 
 some of the most famous theatres of Elizabethan 
 and Jacobean days : " The Rose " (at the corner of 
 what is now Southwark Bridge and New Park 
 Street), " The Swan " (at the corner of Holland 
 Street and the passage under the railway), " The 
 Globe," the exact site of which is uncertain, but 
 Dr. Martin believed it to have been on part of the 
 brewery premises adjoining the Cannon Street 
 Railway Viaduct (this opinion is confirmed by the 
 latest investigators, the London County Council), 
 and " The Hope," which stood at the corner of New 
 Park Street and Emerson Street, on the site of the 
 formerly popular Bear Garden. 
 
 The contemporary " Water Poet," John Taylor, 
 tells us that " the players left playing in London and 
 Middlesex for the most part " and migrated to the 
 theatres on Bankside ; and these drew such crowds 
 from the other side of the river that many thousands 
 of watermen were employed in the ferrying trajBic. 
 No area in London or elsewhere of equal size is so 
 rich in association with the greatest dramatic period 
 of England as the Bankside. Here the most eminent 
 authors had their works presented to the world 
 by actors of excellent merit. Here resided the 
 brilliant writers of immortal fame. William Shake- 
 speare (1564 — 1616) lived, in 1596, near the Bear 
 Garden, and his younger brother Edmond is buried 
 in the Parish Church. John Fletcher (1579—1625) 
 lived near, with his partner Beaumont, and is buried 
 in St. Saviour's. His intimate friend Philip Massinger 
 (1583 — 1639) is also buried there, and it is believed 
 that his wish to be buried in the same grave as Fletcher 
 was fulfilled. 
 
 In Alleyn's time, the Bankside was an Alsatia, and 
 the chief scene of the wild life of the day. The 
 locality was plentifully supplied with taverns : the 
 Anker, the Bear, the Bull, the Mermaid, the
 
 ( 19 ) 
 
 Christopher, the Cardinal's Hat, and many others are 
 mentioned by John Taylor in one of his poems. 
 The taverns plied a roaring trade. Many of them 
 were of more than questionable fame. A vast 
 amount of wine was drunk. Claret was 8d. a 
 gallon, Spanish wine a shilling. 
 
 The theatres were thronged with gallants in silks 
 and velvets, and with smart ladies fashionably 
 dressed, with gold threads in their hair. The young 
 men, on the stage level, beguiled the waiting time by 
 smoking the newly imported tobacco and by dice 
 playing, or quizzing the beauties above, or by visit- 
 ing these, and treating them to " pippin, nuts and 
 wine." 
 
 But the Bull and Bear Garden had even greater 
 attractions for all classes, from Royalty to rapscallion, 
 from Covt'er to cutpurse. In 1606 Alleyn's Com- 
 pany baited before King James and Charles IV King 
 of Denmark; and in 1607 before the King and *' the 
 French Prince," Charles de Lorraine, Prince de 
 Joinville. 
 
 A description of a sport long since passed away, 
 which, however, fascinated those of the 16th and 
 17th centuries, may not be out of place. 
 
 In 1594 John Houghton tells us " Some keep the 
 bull for the purpose of baiting, cutting off the tips 
 of his horns, and with pitch, tow and such like 
 matter, fasten upon them the great horns of oxen 
 with their tips cut off, and covered with leather, lest 
 they should hurt the dogs. 
 
 " I'll say something of the manner of baiting a bull, 
 which is, by having a collar about his neck, fastened 
 to a thick rope about 3, 4 or 5 yards long, hung to 
 a hook, so fastened to a stake that it will turn round ; 
 with this the bull circulates to watch the enemy, 
 which is a mastiff dog (commonly used to the sport) 
 with a short nose, that his teeth may take the better 
 
 C2
 
 ( 20 ) 
 
 hold ; this dog, i£ right, will creep upon his belly, 
 that he may, if possible, get the bull by the nose, 
 which the bull as carefully tries to defend, by laying 
 it close to the ground, where his horns are also 
 ready to do what in them lies to toss the dog, and 
 this is the true sport. I have seen a dog tossed by 
 a bull thirty if not forty feet high, and when they 
 are tossed either higher or lower, the men about try 
 to catch them on their shoulders, lest the fall might 
 mischief the dog. Often the men are tossed as well 
 as the dogs ; and men, bull and dogs seem exceed- 
 ingly pleased and as earnest at the sport as if it were 
 for their lives or livelihoods." 
 
 Bear baiting is described by another contem- 
 porary, Laneham, in quaint old English : "It was 
 a sport very pleazaunt of theez beasts; to see the 
 bear with his pink eyez leering after his enemiez 
 approch, the nimbleness and wayt of the dog to 
 take his avauntage, and the fors and experiens of 
 the bear agayn to avoyd the assaults ; if he were 
 bitten in one place, hoow he woold pinch in an oother 
 too get free ; that if he were taken onez, then what 
 shift, with byting, with clawyng, with roring, tossing 
 and tumbling he woold woork too wynde himself 
 from them ; and when he was lose, to shake his earz 
 twyse or thryse with the blood and slauer about his 
 fiznamy was a matter of goodly relief." In the picture 
 we give of this sport, it will be seen that the bear has 
 broken his chain, and that there is something like a 
 panic among the audience. There was a much 
 crueller sport of " whipping the blinded bear." 
 
 Those were the popular sports for peer and 
 peasant, and we must judge men of the period by the 
 standards which then obtained, and not by those of 
 our own day.
 
 Hr\ii Raiting.
 
 ynncriToiiyc bcnihcjcpztr/^ ] 
 affefecn af (he o^earoPb 
 cni ffic CiancfftScaqreafei , .. 
 
 ^(f\\Kcme a hdiC hcaS of ffic 
 
 prate mu\fbT'yjOt<f^ v (U-r > 
 
 Alli:yn"s Play Bill. 
 From the MS.
 
 ( 21 ) 
 
 The Dulwich Manuscripts. 
 
 Among the Dulwich Manuscripts is a Play Bill or 
 advertisement by Alleyn o£ a performance to be given 
 at the Bear Garden, and of this a copy is now given in 
 facsimile. 
 
 The " Henslowe Diary " (1592—1609, no. vii in 
 the Dulwich MSS.), which came to the College through 
 Edward Alleyn, is the locus classicus to which all 
 Shakespearean scholars and students of the Eliza- 
 bethan stage gravitate, the well of knowledge from 
 which all draw their supplies. 
 
 Dr. Warner, m his learned Catalogue of the Manu- 
 scripts and Muniments of Alleyn^s College of God's 
 gift at Dul-d'ich (1881), calls it " this unique and most 
 remarkable record of Elizabethan stage management." 
 
 The Diary, which has been collated and edited in 
 2 vols. (1904 and 1908) by Mr. W. G. Greg of the 
 British Museum, consists of six parts : (1) Forestry 
 accounts of John Henslowe ; (2) Pawn transactions 
 of Philip Henslowe, 1593-7; (3) Philip Henslowe's 
 accounts relating to family domestic and private 
 affairs ; but those which most concern us are (4) 
 Receipts from the theatres, 1591-7 ; (5) Expendi- 
 ture current or exceptional, 1591 — 1603, and (6) 
 Miscellaneous entries and memoranda relating to 
 dramatic affairs. 
 
 In 4, 5 and 6 there are set out, in elaborate detail, 
 the daily " takings " at the theatres, sums spent at 
 different times in the erection and repair of play- 
 houses ; loans to players and authors, engagements 
 of actors, payments to the Master of the Revels, etc. 
 
 Malone from 1790 to 1812 used the diary largely, 
 for his History of the Stage and for the Variorum 
 Edition of Shakespeare, published in 1821 by his 
 literary executor, James Boswell the younger. J. P. 
 Collier used it for his History of Dramatic Poetryy
 
 ( 22 ) 
 
 1831, and reprinted the dramatic series for the 
 Shakespeare Society, 1845. He went further and 
 included in his publications certain interpolations in 
 the Diary which had been lent to him. These inter- 
 polations were said by those competent to judge to 
 have been undoubtedly forged by himself for the 
 purpose of bolstering up his own theories. 
 
 Dulwich College possesses a copy of the first folio 
 edition of Shakespeare (1623), in which some few 
 plays are unfortunately missing. 
 
 It may be added that the only authentic reference 
 to Shakespeare in the Alleyn MS. at Dulwich is the 
 entry made by Edward Alleyn, June 19th, 1609, in 
 which he records, under the heading " househowld 
 stuff," the purchase of the first edition of " a book. 
 Shaksper Sonnetts 5d." The Sonnets were entered 
 in the Stationers' Register, 20th May, 1609. This 
 book is now lost. 
 
 Edward Alleyn and Dulwich College, 
 1605—1857. 
 
 Having shown the connection of the two great 
 Church establishments with Dulwich, the history 
 has now to be focussed on Edward Alleyn, the 
 Founder of Dulwich College. 
 
 He was born in the Parish of St. Botolph, Bishops- 
 gate, on 1st September 1566, and from boyhood was 
 educated for the stage. There are extant records 
 shewing that in 1583, at the age of 17, he was playing 
 at Leicester ; in 1588 he played in the " Seven Deadlie 
 Sinns " by Tarleton ; in 1590 he was playing at " The 
 Theatre " ; in 1592 at " The Rose " ; in 1594 at 
 Newington Butts and " The Rose " ; in 1600 at " The 
 Fortune." He was a contemporary of Shakespeare, 
 of Greene and Marlowe, of Massinger, and of 
 Beaumont and Fletcher, and, as has been shown, a 
 neighbour of some of them, taking an active part in
 
 I",r)\\ Mill Ai.i.i.vN. 
 loG<)— 1626.

 
 ( 23 ) 
 
 parochial and social matters. He was an actor of 
 great reputation of whom Ben Jonson wrote an 
 eulogistic epigram, and T. Nash in Pierce Pennylesse 
 (1592) says : " Not Roscius or iS^sope, those 
 Tragedians admyred before Christ was borne, could 
 ever performe more in action than famous Ned Allen." 
 As a further indication of his ability and status, it 
 should be noted that when James I paid his visit to 
 the City of London on the 15th March, 1603, Alleyn, 
 as " Genius," was selected to deliver the address to 
 the King. He was the proprietor of " The Rose " 
 theatre, built in 1587, and from 1594 of the Bear 
 Garden of Paris Garden, both on the Bankside in 
 South wark. In 1604 he and his partner Henslowe 
 purchased from Sir William Steward the office of 
 Chief IMaster Ruler and overseer of the games of 
 " Beares, Bulles and Mastiff e dogges " to King 
 James I, in which office they were confirmed by the 
 King's patent. On Henslowe's death, in 1616, Alleyn 
 held the office alone. Alleyn was also the proprietor 
 of " The Fortune " theatre in St. Giles, Cripplegate, 
 opened in 1600, and of " The Hope " theatre on 
 Bankside, opened in 1613. 
 
 On 22nd October 1592, as Philip Henslowe records-, 
 "Edward Allen (sic) was maryed to Jane Woodward," 
 the step-daughter of Henslowe, Alleyn 's partner in 
 theatrical ventures, a Groom of the Chamber to Queen 
 Elizabeth in 1593, a Sewer to King James I, 1603, 
 and a Warden of St. Saviour's from 1608 to 1615. 
 
 Among the Alleyn papers at Dulwich College 
 there are some delightful letters between Alleyn and 
 his wife Joan whom he addressed as his " sweete 
 mouse," which show the affectionate terms on which 
 they lived. The following extract from a letter of 
 Joan to her husband (MS. i, 38) dated the 21st 
 October, 1603, is given as a sample. In con- 
 sequence of the Plague in London Alleyn had gone
 
 ( 24 ) 
 
 to the country with the Company of players of which 
 he was a member. His wife wrote to him : " Jhesus. 
 My intyre and welbeloved sweete harte, still it joyes 
 me and longe, I pray God, may I joye to heare of 
 your healthe and welfare, as you of ours, Allmighty 
 god be thanked, my own selfe, your selfe and my 
 mother, and whole house are in good healthe, and 
 about us the sycknes dothe cease and likely more 
 and more by god's healpe to cease. . . . My father is 
 at the Corte but wheare the Court ys I know not. . . . 
 For your comings hoame I am not to advyse you, 
 neither will I ; use your owne discreation, yet I 
 longe and am very desyrous to see you ; and my 
 poore and simple opinion is, yf it shall please you, 
 you maye safely come hoame. Heare is none now 
 sycke neare us; yet let it not be as I wyll, but at 
 youre owne best lykynge. I am glad to hear you 
 take delight in hauckinge, and thoughe you have 
 worne your appayrell to rags, the best is you knowe 
 where to have better, and as welcome to me shall 
 you be with your rags as yf you were in cloathe of 
 gold or velvet. Trye and see." 
 
 On Joan's death, Alleyn was married a second 
 time, on 3rd December 1623, to Constance Donne, 
 the daughter of the Dean of St. Paul's Cathedral. 
 
 Among Alleyn 's philanthropic works it may be 
 mentioned that while he was Warden of St. Saviour's 
 he built a group of Almshouses in Southwark for the 
 poor of that Parish, and in 1620 he erected another 
 group in Bath Street, City Road, for those of 
 Finsbury. 
 
 Photographs from views of both groups are shewn 
 at the Dulwich Gallery. 
 
 However, we are concerned now with the year 
 1616. Alleyn is 50 years of age; he has retired from 
 the stage, and has allowed his beard to grow. He is 
 a man of substance, with a great idea, the founding 
 of a college.
 
 ( 25 ) 
 
 It took Alleyn many years of unremitting patience 
 to attaia his goal, and although he had purchased 
 the Manor of Dulwich for the purpose, in 1605, 
 from Sir Francis Calton (who, it will be remembered, 
 inherited in 1575), it was not until May 1613 that 
 he was able to sign the contract for the building. 
 Alleyn made one mistake, as will be shown presently, 
 m that he did not employ an architect ; and that was 
 strange, because he knew Inigo Jones, who the year 
 before the completion of the College was appointed 
 Surveyor-General of the Royal Buildings, and was then 
 engaged on the design for the new palace at Whitehall. 
 
 It may be of interest to add that, in 1623, Inigo 
 Jones and Edward Alleyn, " Squire of the Bears," 
 travelled together through Winchester to South- 
 ampton, with the Duke of Richmond and other 
 nobles, in connection with the preparations for the 
 arrival of the Infanta Maria as the bride of Prince 
 Charles. 
 
 In 1616, the year of Shakespeare's death, the 
 College was completed, and on the 1st of September, 
 with heart aglow as we can well imagine, Alleyn left 
 his home on his birthday to go to the dedication by 
 the Archbishop of Canterbury of the chapel of Christ 
 in his new building, and the consecration of the 
 burial ground which he had made and given to the 
 hamlet. 
 
 The spring-time splendour which the pilgrims saw 
 has given place to the ripened glory of summer. 
 The majestic trees have attained their full-leaved 
 maturity, and are turning to what soon will be 
 broad masses of burnished bronze, copper and gold, 
 on a background of neutral greys and greens. Instead 
 of the orchard blossoms hang the clustered fruits. 
 The golden corn, dotted with scarlet poppies, is 
 ripe for harvest, and the harvest of Alleyn 's life- 
 work has come. Appropriately his first thought has
 
 ( 26 ) 
 
 been the opening of the chapel for the spiritual 
 welfare of his people. In the same year he is 
 receiving " the 12 poor brethren and sisters," and 
 in 1617 taking in the 12 poor scholars. Who these 
 were will soon be explained. 
 
 It was three years after the dedication that King 
 James I, on 21st June 1619, granted Letters Patent 
 to Alleyn and his heirs to found and establish the 
 College, and to make statutes for its government. 
 
 The Foundation Deed and Banquet. 
 
 On the 13th of September 1619 the foundation 
 was consummated. The deed was read to the 
 assembled guests by Alleyn himself, signed, sealed 
 and witnessed — Alley n's actual signet ring is in the 
 Picture Gallery — and in the memorial window to 
 Alleyn at Southwark Cathedral this scene is depicted. 
 Like all English functions, the ceremony was fol- 
 lowed by a banquet to the witnesses, of which full 
 details are given in Alleyn's diary. 
 
 That the founding of the College was a notable 
 event is evidenced by the distinguished witnesses 
 and guests who were present : 
 
 The Lord Chancellor, Francis Bacon, Lord 
 Verulam ; Thomas Howard, Earl of Arundell ; the 
 Lord Lieutenant of Surrey, Sir Edward Cecyll, 
 afterwards Viscount Wimbledon ; the High Sheriff 
 of the County, Sir John Howland ; Sir Edmund 
 Bowyer of Camberwell, Sir Thomas Grymes of 
 Peckham, Sir John Bodley of Streatham, and Sir 
 John Tunstall of Carshalton, all magistrates of the 
 county. 
 
 Inigo Jones, the King's Surveyor-General ; John 
 Finch (afterwards Lord Finch, the Lord Keeper), 
 Richard Jones, the Secretary of the Lord Chancellor ; 
 Richard Talboyes of the Inner Temple; Edmond
 
 King Jamks I.
 
 Francis Bacon, Lord Chanckllor.
 
 ( 27 ) 
 
 Howes, the author of the Continuation of Stow's 
 Chronicles (in 1631) ; John Anthony, and Lionell 
 Tichbourne, Notary Public. 
 
 No doubt many complimentary things were said 
 of Edward Alleyn at the dinner, but he would take 
 them modestly, as the keynote of his actions was 
 that of his College motto, " To God alone be the 
 glory given." 
 
 On the 24th April, 1620, Alleyn conveyed the 
 lands and buildings to the College, and thereafter 
 its corporate proprietorship commenced. 
 
 The Corporation. 
 
 The actual Corporation created by Alleyn was a 
 College, consisting of a master, a warden, four 
 fellows, 6 poor brethren, 6 poor sisters, and 12 poor 
 scholars. These, as a Corporation, became the legal 
 owners of all the estate, which inured to their benefit. 
 
 Alleyn does not appear to have realised this, or 
 else he wrongly thought that the power prescribed, 
 or reserved to him, in the Letters Patent to make 
 statutes, would enable him to amplify and extend 
 his scheme and its beneficiaries, and in these statutes, 
 promulgated in September, 1626, he developed, no 
 doubt as the result of mature thought, a compre- 
 hensive and minutely detailed scheme, educational, 
 eleemosynary and domestic. In preparing the 
 Statutes, Alleyn was assisted by suggestions from 
 the Warden of Winchester College, Nicholas Love 
 (1613-1630), and by translations of the statutes of 
 ** the Orphanocomium " (or hospital for orphans), 
 and of the Gerontocomium (or hospital for '* olde 
 folke ") at Amsterdam. It will be enough here to 
 say that this scheme was for a college or school not 
 to exceed 80 boys, including the 12 poor scholars. 
 The boys of Dulwich residents were to be educated
 
 ( 28 ) 
 
 free, except that they were to pay two shillings 
 entrance fee, sixpence a quarter for brooms and 
 *' coddes," and at Michaelmas were to contribute a 
 pound of good candles. " Foreigners," i.e. non 
 Dulwich boys, were to pay fees laid down by the 
 Master and Warden. General school hours were to 
 be 6 a.m. to 9.30 a.m., and 1 to 4 p.m. in summer, 
 and 7 to 9.30 a.m. and 1 to 3.30 p.m. in winter. 
 The curriculum was to be similar to those of West- 
 minster and St. Paul's. The Archbishop of Can- 
 terbury was made Visitor — the only Court of Appeal 
 except the Law Courts. 
 
 A curious provision made by AUeyn, himself a 
 twice (some have said thrice) married man, was that 
 the Master and Warden must be " unmaried, of my 
 blood and sirname, or for want of such, of my 
 sirname onlie," and this practice as to name was 
 maintained for nearly two and a half centuries, until 
 1857, but Alleyn himself appointed the first Master 
 and Warden, both of whom were married ! 
 
 It is not necessary to detail the complications 
 which arose through the divergence of the statutes 
 from the original deed of foundation, and also from 
 the fact that subsequent to both, Alleyn made a will 
 on the 13th November, 1626, showing an expansion 
 of his views for the future, both as to the College 
 and the parishes named in the Statutes, which will 
 was found inherently impracticable, in that the 
 funds left to further these views were practically 
 non-existent. 
 
 The College Buildings. 
 
 There do not appear to have been any proper 
 drawings made for the College, but the builder, 
 John Benson, made a " plott " or general plan, and 
 the contract deed gave all the sizes and heights of
 
 Inigo Jones.
 
 ( 29 ) 
 
 the various parts, the thickness of the walls, and 
 describee; in minute detail what the whole was to 
 be like. The building is specified to have " Dorick 
 pillasters, with pettystalls, bases, capitals and cor- 
 nishe," and this may have been the outcome of 
 Alleyn's talks with Inigo Jones, who, fresh from his 
 travels in Italy, had told Alleyn how much nobler 
 classic architecture was than the Elizabethan to 
 which they had been accustomed. 
 
 There does not seem to be any contemporary 
 criticism of the building, but on the 2nd September, 
 1675, Evelyn records " I went to see Dulwich 
 College, being the pious foundation of one Allen, 
 a famous comedian of King James's time. The 
 chappell is pretty, the rest of the hospital very ill 
 contrived." 
 
 The structure formed three sides of a square, with 
 a grass quadrangle enclosed at the north end of the 
 two wings by a wall 8 feet high, with the iron gates 
 which were later removed to and now exist at the 
 village end of the garden. The chapel was at the 
 south-east, with a tower at its south-west end ; the 
 Master and Warden with servants were lodged in 
 the south-west; the " poor brethren " were located 
 on the ground floor in the east wing ; the " poor 
 sisters " in the west. The poor scholars were lodged 
 in the " Long Chamber over the organist's rooms." 
 The school hall was on the first floor ; the class 
 rooms, library, and gallery occupied the remainder 
 of the floor. 
 
 Reference has been made to the mistake of havinsr 
 no architect for the buildings. The consequences 
 were disastrous. In 1638 the steeple fell, and the 
 tower had to be repaired. There is a view existing 
 which shows buttresses added to the tower, probably 
 in 1656. Memorial stones record repairs in 1651, 
 1656 and 1667. In 1664 is appears from the '* In-
 
 ( 30 ) 
 
 junctions " of Archbishop Sheldon, that one wing, 
 and a portion of another, had fallen to the ground, 
 but had been rebuilt ; on the 28th May, 1703, the 
 *' College Porch with ye Treasury Chamber, etc., 
 tumbled doun to ye ground," as the official register 
 quaintly records. Later building operations were : 
 in 1740 the east wing was rebuilt ; in or about 1791 
 the west wing was partially rebuilt ; in 1816 to 1821 
 the west wing was repaired, a new kitchen was built, 
 and extensive repairs were done to the remainder of 
 the buildings, at a cost of about £8500. A view in 
 1820 shows a tower over the porch. 
 
 When the Picture Gallery was erected in 1814, 
 new quarters for the " poor sisters " were attached, 
 as the east wing of the College was required for the 
 Fellows, and the sisters removed to these shortly after 
 the completion. 
 
 In 1831 the east wing was rebuilt with a north 
 gable and an oriel window ; lastly, in 1865, this 
 wing was altered and extended to re-house all the 
 almspeople, and the present northern tower and 
 cloister were built from designs by the late Charles 
 Barry. The " poor sisters " were removed in 1866 
 to this east wing. 
 
 The Chapel and the Founder's Tomb. 
 
 The Chapel originally consisted of a Nave and 
 Choir. In the Choir is the tomb of Edward Alleyn, 
 who died on the 25th November, 1626, was buried 
 two days later and the grave was covered by a stone. 
 
 In 1816 the present " black marble grave stone " 
 was supplied by the College to replace the previously 
 existing slab which was much defaced. This old 
 stone is now in the Cloister. The Chapel was 
 enlarged to its present size in 1823, by the addition
 
 ( 31 ) 
 
 of the south aisle and gallery, to provide accommo- 
 dation for the increased number of residents in the 
 Hamlet. In the Chapel is a copy of Raphael's 
 Transfiguration, intended and for some time used as 
 the altar piece, but now placed on the north wall. 
 
 The font, designed by Gibbs and made by Van 
 Spangen, was the gift of James Hume, Schoolmaster 
 of the College in the early part of the eighteenth 
 century. 
 
 The present reredos, and the panelling around the 
 sanctuary, were erected in 1911 as a memorial to 
 the late Canon Carver, D.D., who was the First 
 Master of the Reconstituted College, from 1858 to 
 1882. The mosaic was the gift of Mr. H. J. Powell, 
 one of the Governors. 
 
 On the south wall of the aisle new panelling by Mr. 
 Laurence Turner was erected in 1920, and inscribed 
 with the names of the old boys of Dulwich College 
 and Alleyn's School who fell in the war of 1914-18, 
 and in the quadrangle is a memorial cross designed by 
 Mr. W. D. Caroe, F.R.I.B.A., erected to their 
 memory. 
 
 The Four Interested Parishes. 
 
 A point of Metropolitan interest, which makes 
 Alleyn's College of God's Gift unique, is that it was 
 a link binding, in certain common interests to Dul- 
 wich, the four parishes of Camberwell (now the 
 Borough of Camberwell), St. Saviour, Southwark 
 (now incorporated in the Borough of Southwark), 
 St. Botolph, Bishopsgate, and St. Giles, Cripplegate 
 (now part of the Borough of Finsbury). 
 
 Under Alleyn's original scheme for the poor 
 members of the Corporation, the Parishes of St. 
 Botolph and St. Saviour had each to nominate two 
 poor men and one poor woman, and St. Giles' one
 
 ( 32 ) 
 
 man and two women. The remaining one man and 
 two women were to be selected by Alleyn himself 
 from Camberwell, and especially from Dulwich. Of 
 the poor boys, three were to be nominated by each 
 of the three first named Parishes, and Alleyn was to 
 select three from Camberwell or Dulwich. Each 
 Parish or Borough now has the right to send four 
 almspeople to the College. The Wardens of these 
 Parishes were from the outset, under the Statutes, 
 made " assistants " in the management of the Col- 
 lege ; but now in their place St. Botolph's and the 
 three Boroughs have each the right to send two 
 representative Governors to assist in the manage- 
 ment of the estates. The reason for the selection 
 of the Parishes is clear from the previous history. 
 Alleyn was born in Bishopsgate, had property in St. 
 Giles', had lived long in St. Saviour's and his Dul- 
 wich property and residence were in Camberwell. 
 
 Troublous Times, and Developments. 
 
 Not long after the Foundation, troublous times 
 arose, the buildings were much out of repair, the 
 College could not pay its way, and on 10th October, 
 1638, the Corporation was dissolved by Archbishop 
 Laud, the visitor, for six months ; but the Master 
 and Warden were ordered, during that period, to 
 see that the buildings were repaired, and to look to 
 the affairs of the College. This they did and the 
 College resumed. 
 
 In 1643 Charles I, in 1656 Cromwell, and in 1669 
 Charles II interfered in the management, at the suit 
 of complainants. 
 
 In 1647 a company of Fairfax's troopers was 
 quartered in the College. 
 
 Constant litigation arose between the Parishes and
 
 z 

 
 3 ^
 
 X 
 
 •T.
 
 
 Q 
 
 o 
 
 o 
 
 •S: 
 
 .J
 
 ( 33 ) 
 
 the College, the Parishes claiming proprietary rights 
 in the College estates, and was continued throughout 
 the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and the early 
 part of the nineteenth century. This culminated 
 in a great lawsuit before the Master of the Rolls, 
 Lord Langdale, in 1841, when judgment was given 
 in favour of the College. 
 
 In hearing the case Lord Langdale was not at all 
 satisfied in his mind with the way in which the 
 College was performing (or neglecting) its educa- 
 tional duties and, as a result of his privately expressed 
 opinions, a " New Grammar School " was erected 
 in the village and opened in 1842. It was divided 
 into an Upper school, and a Lower school for the 
 poorer be;?. It is interesting to note that the 
 master of the lower school for many years from 
 about 1850 was Charles Tijou, a descendant of Jean 
 Tijou who executed the artistic ironwork at St. 
 Paul's Cathedral, under Sir Christopher Wren. 
 
 In 1805 an Act of Parliament authorised the enclo- 
 sure of the Common, and the College as Lords of the 
 Manor and freeholders of all the lands interested, 
 except a very small part, entered into possession. 
 
 Until 1808 the College was unable to let any of its 
 property for a longer term than 21 years, but in 
 that year an Act of Parliament empowered it to 
 grant leases to certain existing tenants for 63 years, 
 with power to extend these for a further period of 
 21 years, in consideration of a fine ; and authorised 
 the granting of building leases of the rest of the 
 College property for 84 years without a fine. 
 
 In 1815 the windmill was pulled down under an 
 order of the College dated 15th February. 
 
 The educational work of the College was negli- 
 gible until, as a result of a great deal of consideration, 
 the Duhvich College Act was passed in 1857, dis- 
 solving the old Corporation. 
 
 D
 
 ( 34 ) 
 
 Two Notable Masters. 
 
 Before passing from the Old College a short 
 reference must be made to two of the masters. One 
 was James Allen, elected warden in 1712, who pro- 
 ceeded to the mastership in 1721. He was a tall 
 and handsome man and his face shows a sense of 
 humour, which no doubt inspired the inscription on 
 his portrait, now in the Girls' school, which des- 
 cribes him as ' Six feet high, skilful as a skaiter and 
 a jumper, Athletic and humane." He was a man 
 of wide sympathies, and it is evident that he felt the 
 want in Dulwich of a school for young girls and 
 boys, for on 31st August, 1741, he gave to the 
 College six houses in Kensington, the income from 
 which was to be applied for providing a school 
 mistress " for the instruction and teaching of poor 
 boys and girls in Dulwich or within a mile thereof." 
 From this germ a great school for girls has arisen, 
 as will be shown presently. 
 
 The most famous master, just a century later, was 
 John Allen, elected warden 1811, proceeding to 
 master in 1820. He was a writer of distinction 
 and was associated with Jeffrey, Brougham and 
 Sydney Smith in the early days of the " Edinburgh 
 Review." He was a confidential friend of Lord and 
 Lady Holland in that brilliant assemblage that fre- 
 quented Holland House. He had his own pleasant 
 room there on the ground floor, where he lived 
 when he was not at Dulwich. He greatly assisted 
 Lord Holland in the preparation of his speeches. 
 In referring to the debate on the Regency Bill of 
 1810, Lord Holland writes: — "For the learning 
 and research I was chiefly indebted to Mr. Allen, 
 who . . . furnished me and Mr. Horner with 
 many views of the subject and precedents for our
 
 ( 35 ) 
 
 early history which had escaped the researches of 
 Lord Loughborough, Mr. Burke and Mr. Hargrave 
 in 1788." Allen's work " An enquiry into the rise 
 and growth of the Royal Prerogative in England " 
 is a standard treatise. A review by him in the 
 " Edinburgh Review " of Warden's letters from St. 
 Helena is said to have astonished Napoleon with 
 its accurate knowledge of his early life. 
 
 Allen wrote the " Life of Fox " in the seventh 
 and eighth editions of the Encyclopaedia Britannica. 
 
 Lord Broughann wrote of him in the highest terms 
 of praise, and Lord Byron in a letter says " he is the 
 best informed and one of the ablest men I know." 
 
 The Reconstituted Corporation, 1857-1882. 
 
 Dulwich had but slowly grown in population, 
 and the College in material prosperity, during two 
 centuries until the Victorian era. In the latter half 
 of the nineteenth century, railways were made 
 through the estate and the College wealth increased 
 immensely. 
 
 The Act of 1857 marks a new era. It reconsti- 
 tuted the Foundation, and divided it into two 
 branches, the Educational and the Eleemosynary, 
 setting apart for the latter one-fourth of the surplus 
 income. Under the Educational branch there were 
 to be two schools — the Upper and the Lower. The 
 former was to be carried on either in the old College, 
 or in new buildings to be erected for the purpose; 
 the lower was to be carried on in " suitable buildings." 
 
 The Upper School, to which Alfred James Carver 
 was appointed master in 1858, was continued in the 
 old College for the time being, but it was decided to 
 erect a new College on a part of what had been 
 Dulwich Common. The new College was in due 
 course built, from the design of the late Charles 
 
 D2
 
 ( 36 ) 
 
 Barry, F.R.I.B.A. (the son of Sir Charles Barry, the 
 architect of the Houses of Parliament), and was 
 opened in 1870 by H.R.H. the Prince of Wales, 
 afterwards King Edward VII. The Lower School 
 was carried on in the Grammar School of the village. 
 
 The Act created a new Board of Governors, called 
 " the Governors of Alleyn's College," to manage the 
 Foundation. 
 
 The first chairman was Lord Stanley, M.P. (after- 
 wards the Earl of Derby), who resigned in 1859 ; he 
 was succeeded by the Duke of Wellington, who 
 resigned in 1862 ; and then by the Rev. Wm. Rogers, 
 who remained chairman until the provisions of the 
 Act were superseded in 1882. 
 
 Under the new regime the educational work was 
 well and efficiently conducted, and made giant 
 strides ; while the estate rapidly developed as a resi- 
 dential district, and became popular for its beauty 
 and quietude. 
 
 James Allen's School, to which reference has been 
 made, was for boys and girls, and was free. It was 
 known as the " Dulwich free school," and was first 
 established in an old house which had been for two 
 or three centuries " The French Horn " inn. This 
 stood on the east side of the High Street, on the site 
 now occupied by the house called " Rokeby." By 
 the 1857 Act the rents and income of James Allen's 
 Foundation were reserved for the instruction of girls, 
 and in 1865 the College gave a site for, and erected, 
 a new school for the girls, on the west side of the 
 High Street, adjoining the present Infants' School 
 at the corner of Turney Road. To this the girls 
 removed in 1866, and there remained until 1887, 
 when they removed to the present school in East 
 Dulwich Grove. Their old building was then pur- 
 chased by the School Board, and now forms part of 
 the London County Council School.
 
 ( 37 ) 
 
 Prior to 1864 the Infants' School (which a College 
 minute of 3rd of April, 1834, refers to as " recently 
 established ") had been carried on in the same house 
 as James Allen's School, but when this was no longer 
 available, the residents of the hamlet raised funds 
 for a new building to house the infants. This build- 
 ing, at the corner of Turney Road, was completed 
 in 1864, at a cost of £2,045, to hold 150. The site 
 of the school and a sum of £100 were given by the 
 College. To complete the school history it may be 
 added that additions were made in 1902, increasing 
 the accommodation to 290. The school is sup- 
 ported by voluntary contributions of the residents. 
 It is managed, under the Education Act of 1902, by 
 a committee of six, of whom three are elected by 
 the subscribers, one nominated by the London 
 County Council, and one by the Borough Council 
 of Camberwell ; the vicar of St. Barnabas', Dulwich, 
 being chairman and manager. 
 
 In 1868 the College gave the site for St. Stephen's 
 Church and Vicarage, in College Road, together 
 with a sum of money towards the cost of the vica- 
 rage, the appointment of the patrons of the church 
 being vested in the Governors. In the church is a 
 fresco of the trial and martyrdom of St. Stephen, by 
 Sir Edward Poynter, late President of the Royal 
 Academy. 
 
 The Corporation Reorganised, 1882-1922. 
 
 By 1882 it was found necessary to make further 
 changes, and in that year, by a scheme of the Charity 
 Commissioners acting on behalf of Her Majesty 
 Queen Victoria, who, under the scheme, then became 
 Visitor (the Archbishop of Canterbury retaining the 
 honorary title of Visitor), the governing body con- 
 stituted by the 1857 Act was dissolved. The estates
 
 ( 38 ) 
 
 and eleemosynary branches were combined in one, 
 and were entirely separated from the educational ; 
 new boards of governors were created for each 
 branch and exist to-day, one called " the Estates 
 Governors," the other " the College Governors." 
 Each board elects its own chairman and appoints 
 its own officers. A Board of Governors was also 
 created for James Allen's Girls' School. Under the 
 scheme the " Upper School " became " Dulwich 
 College," and the " Lower School " was designated 
 " Alley n's School." The master and under-master 
 of the Upper School were pensioned off, but the 
 master of the Lower School was continued in his 
 office at Alleyn's School. The Estates were directed 
 to give a site for a new Alleyn's School, and another 
 for James Allen's Girls' School, and to provide capital 
 sums for building the schools on these sites. Annual 
 sums were to be paid to the College, the above 
 Schools, the Picture Gallery and the Chapel, as well 
 as for the *' educational benefit " of the interested 
 parishes, and £1,700 a year was fixed for the Elee- 
 mosynary Branch. The Estates were also required, 
 within a fixed maximum time, to provide capital 
 sums for endowing schools in St. Saviour's parish, 
 and for the combined parishes of St. Botolph and 
 St. Luke. Lastly, capital sums were eventually to 
 be set apart for an Art School and a College for 
 Girls, both to be erected in Dulwich. 
 
 It may here be explained that the capital sums 
 for the above-named endowments for the parishes 
 were, at a later date, commuted for annual payments. 
 
 Between 1882 and 1913, by subsidiary schemes, 
 the annual payments under the 1882 scheme were 
 varied and increased. 
 
 In du" lime Alleyn's School and James Allen's 
 Girls' School were erected in Townley Road and 
 East Dulwich Grove respectively, and both were
 
 ( 39 ) 
 
 opened in 1887. Alleyn's School under able masters 
 has been very successful. At present it has over 
 700 boys on its roll. In 1914 the Governors de- 
 cided to add a Junior School, and for this the Estates 
 have provided a site on the western side of Townley 
 Road, at the corner of Calton Road, together with 
 about ten acres of additional playing field for both 
 schools. Owing to financial stress this school has 
 not yet been erected, but temporary buildings have 
 been provided on the old site. 
 
 The Girls' School has been equally successful, 
 and is educating over 400. The building was 
 enlarged in 1908, and again in 1915, and more land 
 was given to it in 1914. Meantime the College has 
 continued to grow in numbers and reputation, and 
 to-day it is educating about 800 boys. 
 
 Until about 1894 the College Chapel had minis- 
 tered to the spiritual needs of the hamlet, but the 
 1882 scheme contemplated the early formation of a 
 new ecclesiastical district for the " township or 
 hamlet of Dulwich," and empowered the Estates 
 Governors to grant a site for a new chm'ch and 
 vicarage, and to give a fixed sum towards the cost 
 of building. The new parish of St. Barnabas was 
 duly formed, and the church was erected. The site 
 was conveyed in 1894, and the money was given by 
 the Governors. A contribution of £100 a year is 
 also made to the stipend of the vicar. 
 
 The 1882 scheme and a new scheme of 1913, 
 made by the Board of Education (the successors, 
 educationally, of the Commissioners), are the opera- 
 tive enactments of to-day. 
 
 The 1913 scheme sets out the increased annual 
 sums allocated to the College, Alleyn's School, the 
 Picture Gallery, James Allen's Girls' School, St. 
 Olave's and St. Saviour's Grammar School, and the 
 Central Foundation Schools of London, and makes
 
 ( 40 ) 
 
 provision for further increases when the surplus in- 
 come is sufficient for the purpose. At the end of 
 1915 these further increases became available, and 
 were paid. 
 
 The Estates. 
 
 The estate in Dulwich is about 1,150 acres in 
 extent — one of the largest landed estates in the 
 County of London. The property extends from the 
 corner of Denmark and Champion Hills on the 
 north, to the Crystal Palace on the south, from 
 Knight's Hill on the west, to Forest Hill on the 
 east, and is a delectable land in which there is not a 
 single tramway or factory. Within the boundaries 
 indicated there are a few alien freeholds. 
 
 There is another property in Playhouse Yard, 
 Golden Lane, where the Fortune Theatre stood. 
 
 With the exception of the fixed sum of £1,700 
 per annum for the Eleemosynary Branch, the whole 
 of the income of the estates is appropriated to 
 education, in which the Picture Gallery is properly 
 included. 
 
 The Estates Governors. 
 
 The Estates Governors have the entire manage- 
 ment, development and administration of the pro- 
 perty of " Alleyn's College of God's Gift," including 
 the wings of the old College, but excluding the 
 actual buildings, sites and playing fields of Dulwich 
 College, Alleyn's School, James Allen's Girls' School, 
 the Chapel, the Chaplain's House, and the Gallery. 
 They provide and pay the money allocated to the 
 various bodies designated in the schemes; they dis- 
 pense the stipends of the resident almspeople and 
 out pensioners, and they appoint the Patrons of St. 
 Stephen's Church, College Road.
 
 ( 41 ) 
 
 They also own the residences in Dekker Road, 
 which they erected in 1904 to supply a want of the 
 hamlet. In 1919-21 they provided the money to 
 erect 24 houses in Turney Road, next to the L.C.C. 
 school. 
 
 In the administration of the estates a public 
 spirited policy has always prevailed, and all develop- 
 ments have been on what is now called " a town 
 planning scheme." 
 
 In 1888 the Governors gave to the public the 
 beautiful Dulwich Park of about 72 acres, a great 
 boon to South London. They also have given, in 
 whole or in part, sites for places of worship and 
 other public buildings. 
 
 During the period that the author had the honour 
 of being Chairman of the Estates Governors, they 
 laid before the Government a return, showing that, 
 within 40 years ending 1908, the College Estates 
 had contributed to education and other public pur- 
 poses, either in buildings or grants of money, in 
 gifts of Jand, etc., and in making roads and sewers 
 for the benefit of the community a sum of nearly 
 £770,000. In addition to this the Governors in 
 1905 set apart 127 acres, in plots of from about 
 3 to 26 acres, dotted all over the Estate, to be kept 
 open for all time as playing fields, woods and orna- 
 mental waters ; so that the district will be provided 
 with oases for the health and recreation of the 
 people, even if and when the other land is built on. 
 
 It has been noted that the building obligations of 
 the Governors are not yet at an end, for when funds 
 permit they have to erect an Art School, and " a 
 College or School of the highest class for Girls," 
 for which College a site of about 25 acres has been 
 set apart. The Art School, with the Gallery as a 
 source of inspiration, should be a great success, and 
 it is to be hoped that the College for girls may
 
 ( 42 ) 
 
 be as large and successful as the present College 
 for boys. 
 
 The College Governors. 
 
 The College Governors have the entire charge and 
 management of Dulwich College and AUeyn's School, 
 and of the Chapel, Chaplain's House, and Picture 
 Gallery, with the lands attached thereto. 
 
 Appreciation of Edward Alleyn. 
 
 It is appropriate to give here a transcript of a 
 contemporary poem of appreciation of Edward 
 Alleyn, the original manuscript of which is at 
 Dulwich College, written probably about 1619 by 
 Sir William Alexander, who become Secretary of 
 State for Scotland and later Earl of Stirling. It 
 runs : 
 
 TO HIS DESERVEDLIE HONORED FREND MR. 
 
 EDWARD ALLANE, THE FIRST FOUNDER AND 
 
 MASTER OF THE COLLEDGE OF GOD'S GIFT. 
 
 Some greate by birth or chance, whom fortune blindes, 
 Where (if it were) trew vertue wold burst forth. 
 They, since not haveing, can afford no worth. 
 And by their meanes doe but condemne their myndes. 
 To honour such I should disgrace my penne, 
 Who might prove more, I count them lesse then men. 
 
 But thee to praise I dare be bould indeede. 
 By fortunes strictnesse whilst at first suppress'd, 
 Who at the height of that which thou profess'd 
 Both ancients, moderns, all didst farr exceede; 
 
 Thus vertue many ways may use hir pow'r; 
 
 The Bees draw honnie out of evrie flow'r. 
 
 And when they state was to a better chang'd. 
 
 That thou enabled wast for doing goode. 
 
 To clothe the naked, give the hungrie foode, 
 
 As one that was from avarice estrang'd : 
 
 Then what was fitt thou scorn 'd to seeke for more. 
 Whilst bent to doe what was design'd before.
 
 ( 48 ) 
 
 Then prosecute this noble course of thyne 
 As princr or priest for state, in charge though none, 
 For acting this brave part, when thou art gone. 
 Thy fame more bright then somes' more high shall shyne. 
 Since thou turnd great, who this worlds stage doe trace, 
 With whom it seemes thou hast exchang'd thy place. 
 
 In terminating our history of " AUeyn's College of 
 God's Gift," we may reflect that, if Edward Alleyn 
 were alive to-day, he would have cause to be proud 
 of the fruition of his great idea. Instead of the 
 eighty boys whom he hoped to educate, his bene- 
 faction now extends to more than 4,000 boys and 
 girls. Instead of one small school in Dulwich, there 
 are now, partaking of his bounty, five very large 
 schools in London, on both sides of the Thames. The 
 College of God's Gift, which nearly died of inanition, 
 is now a flourishing corporation, entirely devoted to 
 the public service. All honour to Edward Alleyn, 
 who had the prescience of the seer, the piety of the 
 Christian benefactor, and the courage to hazard his 
 all for the fulfilment of his dream ! 
 
 The Hamlet and its Architecture. 
 
 The old College was and is, of course, the heart of 
 the Hamlet, but this has other old world charms 
 and interests. 
 
 The general view of the High Street shown in the 
 frontispiece gives the character of the place. On 
 both sides there are many interesting houses, among 
 which are " Warrigul," " Fairfield," " The Hall," 
 and " Lyndenhurst," of which views are given. 
 
 The small building to the north-west of the Col- 
 lege, at the corner of Burbage Road, was the Gram- 
 mar School, erected in 1841-1842. The building at 
 the corner of Turney Road is the Infants' School, 
 erected in 1864, and that adjacent is the London 
 County Council School.
 
 ( 44 ) 
 
 St. Barnabas' Parish Church in Calton Road, the 
 genesis of which has been described elsewhere, waa 
 erected in 1894, the tower was added in 1908 and 
 the Vicarage in 1914. The architects were Messrs. 
 Oliver, Leeson and Wood. On the eastern side of 
 the High Street, at the corner of Elms Road, is the 
 Parish Hall erected by private subscription in 1910, 
 of which Mr. Cole was the architect. 
 
 " Casino House " existed until 1906 on the estate 
 on Denmark Hill, at the corner of Red Post Hill. 
 It has a two-fold historic interest. It was erected 
 by Shaw, the solicitor who conducted the defence 
 of Warren Hastings in the great State Trial in West- 
 minster Hall so graphically described by Macaulay, 
 and Shaw was interred in the Hamlet burial ground. 
 Later on " Casino House " was the residence of 
 Prince Joseph Buonaparte, the uncle of Napoleon HI. 
 
 " Belair," in the Gallery Road, was erected in 
 1780, from designs by Robert Adam, one of the 
 brothers who founded the Adam style. 
 
 " The Blew House " on Dulwich Common, one 
 of the existing college boarding houses, has its 
 special interest, in that it does not belong to the 
 College Estate at all, having been given by Edward 
 Alleyn in 1626 to the Parish of St. Botolph, Bishops- 
 gate, so that the revenue thereof should be dis- 
 tributed annually on his birthday to the poor of 
 that Parish, where it will be remembered he was 
 born. Its front door formerly opened direct on to 
 the Common, but, so as to give a forecourt or gar- 
 den to this and to the adjacent houses, the road now 
 called Dulwich Common was made at a distance; 
 and this forecourt, as well as part of the garden at 
 the back, is the property of Alleyn's College, which 
 explains the payment to the Estates Governors of a 
 ground rent.

 
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 ( 45 ) 
 
 Mr. Pickwick, we know, lived some happy years 
 in Dulwich, and was a constant visitor to the Pic- 
 ture Gallery. The house, known until recently as 
 ''Pickwick Villa," on the east side of College Road, 
 with a garden projecting beyond all the others, is 
 reputed to have been his home. 
 
 Famous Hostelries. 
 
 " The Greyhound," an old inn added to in 1776 
 and 1813, stood until 1898 on the west of the Ham- 
 let High Street, with beautiful grounds and a large 
 cricket field. It was a noted house for public 
 dinners, and among its frequent visitors last century 
 were Dickers, Thackeray, Mark Lemon, Sir Charles 
 Eastlake and Sir Joseph Paxton. We can imagine 
 that many an inspiration was derived within its 
 sylvan bowers. Ruskin used to take his classes of 
 working men to sketch in Dulwich, and " the outing 
 would finish with tea at the Greyhound." 
 
 " The Green Man " — a name understood to denote 
 Robin Hood — was another noted hostelry, existing 
 at least as early as the 17th century. It stood at 
 the corner of Lordship Lane, where " The Grove 
 Tavern " now stands. A ballad written in 1745 
 describes it, with other popular places : 
 
 The Vauxhall, and Ruckhalt and Raneleigh too, 
 And Hoxton and Sadlers, both Old and New, 
 My Lord Cobham's Head and the Dulwich Green Man 
 May make as much pastime as ever they can. 
 
 There were several other Taverns within thei 
 Manor existing in the 18th century and some of 
 them earlier : " The Hare and Hounds," " The 
 Bells," "The White Hart" and "The French Horn," 
 all of which have disappeared. The moderb "Crown" 
 is the successor of an old " Crown " of 1720 on
 
 ( 46 ) 
 
 the same site. " The Half Moon " at Heme Hill was 
 originally established in 1760. 
 
 ^^ A point of topographical interest is the name 
 " Cox's Walk," given to a well-known broad and 
 steep footway from Lordship Lane to Sydenham 
 Hill, through the trees opposite " The Grovd 
 Tavern " or " The Green Man." Many have 
 thought it was named after David Cox, the painter, 
 who lived for several years in a cottage near the 
 college pond, but the facts are more prosaic. In 
 1732 a lease of " The Green Man " was granted by 
 the College to Francis Cox, with the privilege of 
 cutting a walk through the woods opposite, and so 
 it became " Cox's Walk," out of which a very cele- 
 brated lawsuit arose. 
 
 Adjoining " The Green Man " were the Dulwich 
 Wells opened in 1739, the waters of which were 
 held in repute amongst doctors, and were said to be 
 of the same quality as those of the earlier Dulwich 
 Wells, which were really situated on the south slope 
 at Sydenham Hill. These existed in the 16th cen- 
 tury, and Evelyn refers to them in his diary of 
 5 August, 1677 : " I went to visit my Lord Brounker, 
 now taking the waters at Dulwich." " The Green 
 Man " ceased to be an inn and was re-named Dul- 
 wich Grove. 
 
 Lord Thurlow, the Lord Chancellor, lived at this 
 house about 1780, while converting an existing 
 farm house at Knight's Hill into a stately residence, 
 whic^ has now disappeared. His path from " The 
 Grove " to the new house led past the Common, 
 over a track which in 1860 was converted by the 
 London, Chatham and Dover Railway Co. into the 
 road named after him, Thurlow Park Road. 
 
 The Knight's Hill estate of 59 acres was, in this 
 year, added by purchase to the College estate, of 
 which it forms the most westerly portion.
 
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 ( 47 ) 
 
 After Lord Thurlow left Dulwich Grove, it became 
 " The Grove House Academy," kept by Dr. Glennie, 
 who died about 1825. Lord Byron was a pupil 
 there for two years before he went to Harrow. The 
 only incident of public interest worth noting about 
 his stay at Dulwich is that one day Dr. Glennie had 
 given to him, by a friend, a pamphlet which was 
 aagerly read by the pupils, descriptive of the ship- 
 wreck of the " Juno," on the coast of Arracan, in 
 1795 ; in which is told a touching and tragic story 
 of two fathers on board parting with their dying 
 sons. This story sank into young Byron's mind, 
 and is re-told by him in Don Juan, Canto II. 
 
 The Dulwich Club. 
 
 No history of Dulwich is complete without a 
 reference to this Society, and a description of a 
 social club of the 18th century will be interesting 
 to readers generally. There appears to have been 
 an earlier society, known as "the Quarterly Meeting," 
 but the Dulwich Club, as we know it, held its first 
 meeting on 26th March, 1791, and was in full swing 
 in 1792, the date of the chairman's ivory gavel used 
 to-day. The club was started by the Fellows of the 
 College and the principal residents in Dulwich, its 
 members being elected by ballot, the object being 
 good fellowship among neighbours. Originally the 
 number of members was limited to 24, but this was 
 gradually increased to 50, and the club still flourishes, 
 indeed the vacancies are rare and are eagerly filled. 
 It meets three times a year for dinner. The meeting 
 place was " the Greyhound," but in the latter part of 
 last century, when better roads were made, the club, 
 like the Cabinet of those days, met once a year at 
 '* the Ship " at Greenwich. Both hostels have ceased 
 to be, and now the club goes elsewhere. By the
 
 ( 48 ) 
 
 ancient rules of the Society each dinner is presided 
 over by two stewards, elected by ballot at the previous 
 dinner, and many distinguished guests have been 
 entertained from time to time. The principal toast 
 is, and always has been, " The Hamlet of Dulwich 
 and the ladies thereof," but from the outset it appears 
 to have been recognised that a more gallant bearing 
 was due towards the " ladies thereof," and at the 
 very first meeting it was resolved : That the members 
 of the club " entertain the ladies of the Hamlet of 
 Dulwich to a ball and supper." The humour of 
 this is delightful. A lot of men had met together to 
 found a convivial club. One can picture a member 
 being nervous of what his wife and daughters might 
 say when he told them, and a bright idea occurs to 
 some one to placate them by going home armed with 
 the invitation to a dance ! 
 
 This entertainment has been repeated at intervals 
 down to the present time, and recently the " ladies 
 thereof " have been the guests of the club at some 
 of the summer banquets. On the 70th anniversary 
 of the club, Mr. Hudson, the author of a then 
 popular song, was a musical guest, and he com- 
 posed for the occasion and sang a song, the last 
 verse of which I quote : 
 
 Your club was first founded in friendship and bliss. 
 
 For seventy years you've had greetings like this. 
 
 May each added meeting find friendship in store. 
 
 And the club live in unity seventy more. 
 
 Your parting to-night may it be without pain, 
 
 And may you find pleasure in meeting again. 
 
 Of blessings of Providence each have a share. 
 
 From your hearts and your homes keeping sorrow and care. 
 
 So I fill up my glass with wine bright and rare. 
 
 May the Dulwich Club never know sorrow or care. 
 
 The club has lived beyond the next seventy years 
 of Hudson's aspiration. It has now entered on its 
 151st year. It is, in the parlance of the day, " going
 
 ( 49 ) 
 
 strong," and although during the recent war it did' 
 not n?3el for festivity, it has now resumed and we 
 hope may long continue its useful function of welding 
 neighbours together in mutual sympathy. 
 
 DuLWicH AND War. 
 
 Mention of the recent war leads to a record of 
 the loyal action of the club in the anxious times of 
 1792, when, at a meeting on 15th December, the 
 members passed a resolution " recommending the 
 inhabitants of Dulwich to form themselves into an 
 association, upon the plan of those that were daily 
 forming in the metropolis and its environs, for the 
 purpose of testifying their loyal attachment to the 
 King and Constitution." A meeting of the inhabi- 
 tants was called to give effect to this, and notice of 
 the meeting was ordered "to be publicly given in 
 the College Chapel on Sunday." Again, at a club 
 dinner on 6th December, 1801, resolutions were 
 passed pledging the members to observe strictly in 
 their families the injunctions of His Majesty's pro- 
 clamation of the 3rd inst. in regard to the scarcity 
 of food. 
 
 In the South African War, at the close of the last 
 century, the College gave many of its sons, and the 
 boys' library at the north end of the grounds is a 
 memorial to those who fell. 
 
 It hardly need be added that, in the late war, 
 Dulwich nobly responded to the call of King and 
 country. 
 
 The College, as an Officers Training Corps, 
 naturally comes first. It sent 3000 old and present 
 boys to the colours, of whom 495 were killed. 
 Alleyn's School gave 1898 more, of whom 267 were 
 killed. All gallantly quitted themselves like men ;
 
 ( 50 ) 
 
 many gained distinction, and five were awarded the 
 Victoria Cross. The glory roll is long, and will be an 
 inspiration for generations to come. The College has 
 erected in its grounds a Memorial Cross and pro- 
 vided a fund for the education of the sons of old 
 boys who fell in the war. 
 
 Alleyn's School has erected a memorial organ in 
 the School Hall. 
 
 The joint memorial at the old College has already 
 been described. 
 
 Mention should also be made of the zeal and devotion 
 of the M.P. for Dulwich, Lt.-Col. Sir Frederick 
 Hall, K.B.E., D.S.O., who raised and equipped in 
 the district four brigades, or 16 batteries, of Royal 
 Field Artillery, and one heavy battery, with totals of 
 68 guns, 3950 horses and 4300 men. Recruiting 
 began in February, 1915, and in the followiing 
 December the whole were at the front, which is 
 probably a record. 
 
 And last we remember an old boy, Sir Ernest 
 Shackleton, who, in the South Arctic regions, en- 
 dured untold hardships and gave his life in 1921 for 
 his country's glory. 
 
 Distinguished Residents. 
 
 Among many distinguished residents in Dulwich 
 the following may be mentioned : — Mr. Brass 
 Crosby, Lord Mayor of London in 1770, who 
 fought a great fight for the free publication of Par- 
 liamentary debates, and so intense was the battle 
 that an order was signed for his commital to the 
 Tower. The City Corporation passed a resolution 
 of thanks to him " for having supported the liberties 
 of the Corporation, and for having defended the 
 Constitution," and presented him was a valuable
 
 ( 51 ) 
 
 cup. The public, in 1771, erected to him the 
 obelisk in Southwark. 
 
 Dr. G. Webster, a copious writer, the Founder 
 and President of the first British Medical Association, 
 in or about 1837. This Association appears to have 
 lapsed, and must not be confused with the present 
 one, which took the title in or about 1857. 
 
 Mr. H. Staunton, the Shakespearean scholar and 
 chess player. From 1837 to 1860 he was employed 
 on the edition of Shakespeare published by Rout- 
 ledge. In 1864 he published the facsimile of the 
 folio of 1623, and later, in " The Atheneeum " his 
 ** Memorials of Shakespeare." As a chess player, in 
 1843, he accepted the challenge of the champion of 
 Europe, M. de St. Amant, to play in Paris, and 
 defeated him there. 
 
 Mr. and Mrs. S. C. Hall. Mr. Hall established 
 the " Art Journal " in 1839, and was one of the 
 founders of the Hospital for Consumption. As 
 writers both are well known. 
 
 Sir Henry Bessemer, whose great scientific re- 
 searches and inventions in the manufacture of steel 
 are of world renown. 
 
 Admiral Bedford Pim, R.N., M.P., one of the 
 expedition that sought for Sir John Franklin, the 
 Arctic explorer of last century, and a pioneer in 
 the design of turret war ships. He was an Estates 
 and College Governor in 1882, two among his 
 colleagues being .Tames Bryce, M.P. (afterwards Lord 
 Bryce), and Sir William Anson, Bart. 
 
 Sir James Hannen, the Judge ; Sir James N. 
 Douglass of Trinity House, an Estates and College 
 Governor ; Sir Robert Douglas of the British 
 Museum, also an Estates and College Governor, 
 and Chairman of the Picture Gallery ; John Ruskin, 
 and Robert Browning. 
 
 B2
 
 ( 52 ) 
 
 Sir George Livesey, who as an engineer, organiser 
 and administrator, was a notable figure of the latter 
 part of the 19th century. 
 
 It may be noted in passing that the late Right 
 Honourable Joseph Chamberlain, M.P., was born in 
 Camber well, in which parish Dulwich is situated, 
 and that the Right Honourable A. Bonar Law was 
 Member of Parliament for Dulwich for some years.
 
 ( 53 ) 
 
 THE PICTURE GALLERY. 
 
 We have left to the last the Dulwich Picture 
 Gallery of world-wide repute. Its history is one of 
 the greatest romances of all those connected with 
 Dulwich, and it has a special interest at the present 
 time, in that, indirectly, it was the aggressive policy 
 of the King of Prussia that led to our having the 
 Gallery at all. 
 
 The tragedy of the fall of Poland was the artistic 
 gain of England. To a Frenchman and a Swiss, 
 to a romantic marriage of the Frenchman with a 
 Welsh lady we are indebted for the Gallery. 
 
 The founders were Noel Desenfans and Margaret, 
 his wife, the sister of Sir John Morris of Glamorgan- 
 shire, and Sir Peter Francis Bourgeois, R.A. 
 
 Noel Desenfans was born at Douai in 1745. He 
 was at school there, and then went to the University 
 of Paris. Later on he came to London as a teacher 
 of languages, and one of his pulpils, Miss Morris, fell 
 in love with and married him. She brought him a 
 fortune, and he then turned his attention to collect- 
 ing and dealing in pictures. 
 
 He was a writer of some note, and among other 
 works was a vindication of Fenelon's memory from 
 an attack by Lord Chesterfield. The picture of 
 Desenfans, No. 503 in the Gallery, with the bust of 
 Fenelon on a pedestal, around which a serpent is 
 entwined, is an allegory, depicting Desenfans as 
 guarding Fenelon from the attack of Lord Chester- 
 field, represented by the serpent. For his defence 
 he received a letter of thanks from L'Academie des 
 Belles Lettres of Paris. 
 
 At the suggestion of his friend Michael Ponia- 
 towski, the Prince Primate of Poland, Desenfans
 
 ( 54 ) 
 
 was appointed by King Stanilaus (the Primate's 
 brother) Consul-General for Pola'nd in England, 
 and employed to collect pictures for the formation 
 of a National Gallery at Warsaw. 
 
 Poland, however, ceased to be a kingdom, was 
 partitioned by Its neighbours Prussia, Russia and 
 Austria, and the King, who abdicated in 1795, 
 became a pensioner, living in St. Petersburg. 
 
 Desenfans was unpaid, and had the pictures 
 thrown on his hands. He added largely to his 
 collection. In 1799 he proposed to the British 
 Government the formation of a National Gallery, 
 offering to contribute both pictures and money. 
 This offer, in that time of stress, was not accepted. 
 He and his wife had an extensive circle of friends, 
 and among them the most intimate was Sir Peter 
 Francis Bourgeois, R.A., who lived with them. Sir 
 Francis, as he was called, was by descent a Swiss, 
 born in London in 1756 ; his father wished him to 
 go into the army, but Desenfans' influence led him 
 to become a painter. He became a pupil of De 
 Loutherbourg, R.A. (whose portrait by Gainsborough 
 is in the Gallery), and he helped his friend Desen- 
 fans in the purchase of pictures. In 1791 he was 
 appointed Painter to the King of Poland, who con- 
 ferred on him a Knighthood, the riband and 
 medal of the Order now being in the Gallery. In 
 1787 he was elected an Associate of the Royal 
 Academy, and in 1793 a Royal Academician. 
 
 On his death, in 1807, Desenfans left all his pictures 
 to Bourgeois, who in his turn, in 1810, bequeathed 
 them to Dulwich College, possibly at the suggestion 
 of his friend John Philip Kemble, the actor, the 
 brother of Mrs. Siddons. As there was no proper 
 space in the old building to hang them, the new 
 Gallery was built, with the Mausoleum, and certain
 
 Noel Desenfans.
 
 Sir p. F. Bourgeois, R.A.
 
 ( 55 ) 
 
 rooms were attached for the poor sisters of the 
 Foundation. The cost was £14,222, of which the 
 Bourgeois estate and Mrs. Desenfans contributed 
 nearly two-thirds. 
 
 The Building. 
 
 The new Gallery, of which Sir John Soane was 
 the architect, consisted of rooms 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, that 
 is the central range in the present building, and on 
 the western side were the residences for the Poor 
 Sisters, separated into two groups by the mausoleum 
 for the Founders. The entrance lobby, cloak 
 rooms, etc., were added many years later. The 
 new buildirg received the pictures in 1814, as well 
 as many pieces of furniture given by Mrs. Desenfans, 
 including the Boule and marqueterie tables and 
 chests, the sideboard, clock, vases, chairs, etc. 
 
 Under the will of Mrs. Desenfans, the bodies of 
 the three founders were deposited, in 1815, in the 
 sarcophagi within the Mausoleum. 
 
 Thus was founded the first public picture gallery 
 in London, twenty-four years before the National 
 Gallery in Trafalgar Square was opened. 
 
 Dulwich was by far the larger of the two collec- 
 tions, and was the favourite haunt of painters, 
 students, and writers. Among painters Turner, 
 Jackson, Cattermole and Holman Hunt may be 
 mentioned. The collection includes, among others, 
 works by Velasquez, Cuyp, Van Dyck, Murillo, 
 Rubens, Rembrandt, Watteau, and Reynolds, and 
 an illustration is given of one picture by each of 
 these Masters. The reproductions are, however, 
 only the faint shadows and impress of the originals, 
 which must be seen to be enjoyed. 
 
 Although the Desenfans collection of 371 pictures 
 is the largest, it was not the first or the last.
 
 ( 56 ) 
 
 Alleyn gave a number of pictures, among them 
 his own portrait and that of the Queen of Bohemia, 
 daughter of James I. Through her daughter 
 Sophia, who was the mother of George I, the 
 House of Hanover derived its title to the British 
 throne. 
 
 The Cartwright Collection is part of a gift in 1686 
 by Wm. Cartwright, a bookseller and actor of re- 
 pute. This contains his own portrait, and those of 
 some famous actors who played principal parts in 
 the original production of the plays of Shakespeare 
 and Beaumont and Fletcher, among them that of 
 Burbage, Shakespeare's intimate friend. There also 
 we find the distinguished Lovelace family of Eliza- 
 bethan and Jacobean days, among them Richard 
 Lovelace, the author of " Stone walls do not a 
 prison make," written in prison, to Althea, who must 
 have been more beautiful than her portrait, placed 
 just above his, to have inspired his passion. A 
 curious old panel picture is that of the Duke of 
 Exeter, who died in 1478, the " Cousin of Exeter " 
 addressed by Henry VI in Shakespeare's play. 
 Another interesting picture is a View of the Thames, 
 by Cornelius Bol, showing Old Somerset House, the 
 Savoy, Northumberland House, the Banqueting 
 Hall, Whitehall, Westminster Abbey (before the 
 twin towers were built), St. Stephen's (the then House 
 of Parliament), and Lambeth Palace, as they appeared 
 in the 17th century. Cartwright left many other 
 pictures, books of theatrical interest, and a con- 
 siderable sum of money in gold, which were " appro- 
 priated " by his servants, and only 80 pictures 
 remain. 
 
 The next benefactors were the Linley family,, 
 about whom we read in " The Linleys of Bath," by 
 Miss Clementina Black. The Rev. Ozias Linley 
 was, in 1816, a Junior Fellow and Organist of the

 
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 Phimp IV. 
 ( Velascjiiez).
 
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 {\'itn Diich).
 
 The Flowkr CIiul.
 
 Helkn Fourment. 
 
 (Riilienii).
 
 Girl at riii: Window. 
 {Itcmhraii(ll).
 
 Mlt>. SlDIPONS. 
 
 (Sir .}. Rriiiiiihh).
 
 Li; Bal Champktre. 
 (Watteau).
 
 W'm. ('\I! I WRIGHT.
 
 Mrs. Moody.
 
 ( 57 ) 
 
 College, and it was through this connection that the 
 Gainsborough and Lawrence portraits of the family 
 came to the Gallery between 1822 and 1835. 
 
 The portrait of Mrs. Moody and her children, by 
 Gainsborough, was given about 1834 by her son 
 Captain Moody, the younger of the two children in 
 the picture; and a pastel portrait of Samuel Moody, 
 the husband of the lady, was presented in 1915 by Mr. 
 Yates Thompson. 
 
 In and since 1911 another 46 pictures have been 
 given by the late Fairfax Murray. They are mostly 
 portraits by distinguished painters of the 17th and 
 18th centuries. 
 
 There have been other gifts, the most recent by 
 Mr. H. Yates Thompson and the late Henry Flor- 
 ence, and one, " Old time tuition at Dulwich College," 
 by the relatives of A. H. Turnbull, an old boy. It 
 is painted by W. C. Horsley and is interesting as 
 showing the uniform worn by the College boys in 1828. 
 
 A new Catalogue was written in 1914 by Sir 
 Edward Cook, with a very charming introduction 
 and biographies of the artists. This has been brought 
 up to date and corrected in some particulars in the 
 1922 Supplement by the present Chairman of the 
 Gallery. 
 
 It is the hope of the Governors to build up an 
 Art Library at the Gallery. This at present consists 
 of 110 volumes including catalogues. 
 
 To meet the increasing demands on space, the 
 Gallery has been much enlarged since its inception. 
 
 In 1884-6 the two room numbered VI and VII 
 were formed in the north-west and south-west wings 
 out of part of the Sisters' old rooms.
 
 ( 58 ) 
 
 Mr. Yates Thompson's Benefactions. 
 
 The greatest changes, however, have been made 
 since 1911, by the generous gift of Mr. H. Yates 
 Thompson, then one of the Estates and College Gover- 
 nors and the Chairman of the Gallery Committee. The 
 Poor Sisters' remaining rooms on the west side have 
 been converted into room No. VIII, a committee 
 room and store room ; while new rooms Nos. IX, 
 X, XI and XII, have been added on the east, all 
 from the designs of Mr. E. Stanley Hall, M.A., 
 F.R.I.B.A., a former Captain of the College. The 
 lighting of the original galleries has also been greatly 
 improved by him. 
 
 The wall space is now double what it was origin- 
 ally, and the pictures have been rehung and classified 
 to great advantage. Mr. Thompson has also given 
 Dutch and Spanish tables, showcases, books, etc. 
 
 The lead cistern in the garden, dated 1736, came 
 from one of the estate houses on Heme Hill, and 
 was presented by the Estates Governors, the pump 
 having been added from a design of Mr. Stanley 
 Hall. 
 
 Art Writers and the Gallery. 
 
 Among art writers interested in the Gallery may 
 be mentioned Hazlitt, Ruskin and Browning. 
 
 Hazlitt wrote a chapter on the Gallery in his 
 ** Criticisms of Art." 
 
 John Ruskin lived with his parents from childhood 
 in 1823, first at 28 Heme Hill, then on Denmark 
 Hill until he married in 1848; and in 1852, after 
 the dissolution of his marriage, he took a house for 
 himself on Heme Hill. He wrote many of his 
 books in Dulwich, and it is to the Gallery that he 
 owned his first introduction to painting as an art. 
 He was a constant visitor to, and derived much of 
 his information and many of his examples of old
 
 ►J 
 
 o i

 
 ( 59 ) 
 
 Masters from the pictures at Dulwich ; severely 
 handling some, highly praising others. In 1844 the 
 College gave him leave to make water-colours from 
 the pictures. 
 
 It is of interest to add that he used to stroll up and 
 down Croxted Lane to think out his subjects. He 
 himself writes, " In Croxted Lane my mother and I 
 used to gather the first buds of the hawthorn, and 
 there, in after years, I used to walk in the summer 
 shadows . . . .to think over any passage I wanted 
 to make better than usual in Modern Painters." 
 
 Robert Browning lived at Camberwell within an 
 easy walk of the Gallery, where he first acquired his 
 love of pictures, and in 1846 he wrote to " E.B.B." 
 in affectionate appreciation of the Gallery, which he 
 loved. 
 
 The Royal Academy and the Gallery. 
 
 It only now remains to explain the historical con- 
 nection of the Royal Academy with the Gallery. 
 Mrs. Desenfans in her will refers to Sir Peter Francis 
 Bourgeois' desire that the " President and Academicians 
 should once a year visit the collection, to give their 
 opinion on the state and preservation of the same, 
 and that on their annual visit a dinner be given to 
 them in the Gallery." She left £500, the interest on 
 which was to go towards the entertainment of the 
 academicians. She also left a large and complete 
 service of silver plates, spoons, a bread basket, 
 waiters, cutlery with silver plated blades, a dinner 
 and dessert service, a table, decanters, etc., for the 
 dinner. 
 
 Owing to the inadequacy of the fund, the dinner 
 has not been given annually, but only at intervals, to 
 the President and Council of the Royal Academy. 
 
 It has been a general practice to follow the dinner 
 by a garden party, at which many hundreds each 
 time have been guests, and the garden parties are
 
 ( 60 ) 
 
 generally held annually when there is no dinner. This 
 is a popular function and of advantage to the public, 
 the Gallery, and the College. 
 
 Since the formation of the Gallery it has been the 
 practice for the Governors to lend one or more pic- 
 tures every year to the Royal Academy, for students 
 to copy in its school. The selection is made by the 
 Council of the Academy on its annual visit. The 
 Gallery is thus lending its aid to the education of 
 painters in the central school of England. 
 
 Dulwich Gallery has the great charm of being in 
 a beautiful garden, a jewel on an emerald robe richly 
 embroidered with flowers. Among its trees may be 
 noted a wide-spreading catalpa and the Judas tree 
 with its blood-red drops, having the seventeenth 
 century College as a background. All have their 
 place in the old-world atmosphere of tranquillity in 
 which art is best cultivated. 
 
 FINALE. 
 
 In this book, now brought to a conclusion, an 
 effort has been made to give in outline the history 
 of the intimate connection of Dulwich with the 
 Crown, the Church, and with other parts of London ; 
 of the origin and growth of the great Educational 
 Foundation with which its name is identified, and 
 the atmosphere in which it was conceived ; some 
 impressions of the natural charm of the locality, of 
 the social life of the Hamlet, and of the architectm-e ; 
 brief notices of some of the distinguished residents ; 
 and lastly a history of the important Picture Gallery, 
 with a glimpse of its treasures. It is hoped that 
 these will awaken in all readers a responsive sym- 
 pathy with that affection which those who know it 
 well feel for our beautiful *' Village in the Valley."
 
 ( 61 ) 
 
 MASTERS OF DULWICH COLLEGE. 
 
 Thomas AUeyn 
 
 1619 
 
 James Allen ... 1721 
 
 Matthias 
 
 1631 
 
 Joseph 
 
 1748 
 
 Thomas 
 
 1642 
 
 Thomas 
 
 1775 
 
 Ralph 
 
 1663 
 
 William 
 
 1805 
 
 John 
 
 1677 
 
 Lancelot Baugh 
 
 1811 
 
 Richard 
 
 1686 
 
 John 
 
 1820 
 
 John 
 
 1690 
 
 George John 
 
 1848 
 
 Thomas „ 
 
 1712 
 
 
 
 The Revd. Alfred James Carver (eventually D.D. and canon of Rochester) 1858 
 The Revd. J. E. C. Welldon (later Master of Harrovir School, Bishop of 
 
 Calcutta, and now Dean of Durham) 1888 
 Arthur Herman Gilkes (now the Reverend Vicar of St. Mary 
 
 Magdalene, Oxford) 1885 
 
 Geoi^e Smith 1914 
 
 CHAIRMEN OF THE GOVERNORS OF ALLEYN'S COLLEGE. 
 
 Lord Stanley, M.P. (afterwards Earl of Derby) ... 1857-1859 
 
 The Duke of Wellington 1859-1862 
 
 The Revd William Rogers 1862-1882 
 
 Chairmen of the Estates Governors. Chairmen of the College Governors. 
 
 The Revd. W. Rogers Aug.-Dec. 1882 
 
 Richard Strong 1883-1890 
 
 William Young 1891-1892 
 
 Francis Peek 1893-1895 
 
 Matthew Wallace 1896-1899 
 
 Thomas John Edwards ... 1900-1902 
 
 Marmaduke John Teesdale 1903-1904 
 
 Robert Coats Cane ... 1905-1907 
 
 Edwin Thomas Hall ... 1908-1910 
 
 Joseph Russell Tompkins ... 1911-1913 
 
 George Crispe Whiteley ... 1914-1916 
 
 J. RatcUffe Cousins 1917-1919 
 
 William Howes, J.P. ... 1920-1922 
 
 The Revd. William Rogers 1882-1896 
 
 Lord Davey 1896-1907 
 
 Sir Alfred C. Lyall 1907-1911 
 
 Major-Gen. Lord Cheylesmore 
 
 1911 (continuing) 
 
 PRESENT BOARDS OF GOVERNORS. 
 
 The Estates. 
 William Howes, J. P., Chairvian 
 J. Maitland Marshall, J.P. 
 
 Deputy-Chairman 
 Alfred Berton 
 H. D. Bott 
 J. T. Caesar 
 The Rt. Hon. Lord Cheylesmore, 
 
 K.C.M.G. 
 McC. Christison, M.B.E. 
 W. Clifton, 
 
 J.P. 
 
 J. 
 
 Ratclifife Cou 
 
 R. 
 
 Frank 
 
 L. 
 
 Goddard 
 
 E. 
 
 T. Hall. 
 
 Lt 
 
 .-Col. Sir F. 
 
 Martin Millar 
 
 R. 
 
 J. May, J.P. 
 
 A. 
 
 E. Pridmore 
 
 C. 
 
 A. Rehder 
 
 D. 
 
 A. Romain 
 
 A. 
 
 C. Warwick. 
 
 Hail, K.B.E.. 
 
 J.P. 
 
 D.S.O.. 
 M.P. 
 
 Secretary and General Manaoer: 
 R. Coats CJane. 
 
 The College. 
 The Rt Hon. Lord Cheylesmore, 
 
 K.C.M.G., Chairman 
 R. B. Ransford, J.P., Deputy-Chairman 
 Professor H. B. Baker, C.B.E., F.R.S. 
 Sir Edward H. Busk 
 The Rt. Hon. Lord Carmichael, G.C.S.L 
 Professor F. Clowes 
 J. Ratclifife Cousins, J.P. 
 Sir Albert Gray, K.C.B. 
 E. T. Hall 
 
 Sir Arthur Hirtzel, K.C.B. 
 J. Maitland Marshall, J P. 
 W. W. Ouless. R.A. 
 IT. J. Powell, C.B.E. 
 
 C. A. Rehder 
 
 D. C. Richmond, C.B. 
 J. T. Sheppard 
 
 The Rt. Rev. The Lord Bishop of 
 
 Southwark 
 Sir Evan Spicer, D.L., J.P. 
 Sir J. J. H. Teall, F.R.S. 
 (One Vacancy) 
 
 Clerk to the CoHeae Oovenorg: 
 S. W. Bickell.
 
 ( 63 ) 
 
 INDEX. 
 
 Academy of Arts, the Royal . 59 
 Acts of Parliament . . 83,85 
 
 
 42 
 . 84 
 . 34 
 . 36 
 86,40 
 .6 
 
 Aldgod .... 
 Alexander, Sir William 
 Allen, James 
 
 „ John . 
 Allen's (James) School 
 
 Girls' School 
 AUeyn, Collection of Pictures 
 
 Edward, 5, 8. 9, 10, 22—28, 
 
 80, 42, 43, 44 
 
 Joan .... 23 
 
 Alleyn's School . . .38, 40, 42 
 
 Tomb .... 30 
 
 Appreciation of Edward Alleyn 42 
 
 Architecture of the Hamlet . 43 
 
 Bacon, Lord Chancellor . . 26 
 Bankside. The .... 23 
 Barnabas' Church, St. . 39, 44 
 Barry, Charles, F.R.I.B.A. 30,86 
 Bear Gardens ... 19, 20 
 
 " Belair " 7, 44 
 
 Bermondsey, Abbey ... 2 
 ,, Derivation of . 2 
 
 Priory ... 1 
 Bessemer, Sir Henry ... 51 
 Blew House. The .... 44 
 Boer War, The .... 49 
 Botolph, Parish of St. 22, 31, 38, 44 
 Bourgeois, Sir Francis 58 — 56, 59 
 
 Browninp:, Robert ... 59 
 Byron. Lord . . . . 5, 47 
 
 Burial Ground, The . . . 3, 25 
 
 Calton, Sir Francis 
 Camberwell Parish 
 Canterbury, Archbishop of 
 Cartwriffht Collection, The 
 Carver, Canon, D.D. 
 Casino House 
 Chamberlain, Joseph, M.P 
 Charles I . . . 
 
 n . . . 
 
 Child, Aylwin 
 
 Clinke, The 
 
 College Road 
 
 Court Lane . 
 
 Cox, David . 
 
 Cox's Walk .... 
 
 Crosby, Brass, Lord Mayor 
 
 Croxted Road 
 
 Denmark Hill 
 Desenfans, Mr. and Mrs. 
 Donne, Constance 
 DouKlas. Sir Robert . 
 Douglass, Sir James . 
 
 .3, 23 
 
 31,82 
 
 25, 28 
 
 . 55 
 
 81,35 
 
 44 
 
 52 
 
 4,82 
 
 32 
 
 2 
 
 9, 17 
 
 6 
 
 5 
 
 4f. 
 
 40 
 
 50 
 
 6 
 
 8 
 
 53—55 
 
 24 
 
 51 
 
 51 
 
 Duelling 4, 5 
 
 Dulwich and its Environment . 8, 4 
 Club, The . 47, 48 
 
 ,, Meaning of . . . 1 
 Dulwich, Alleyn's College of 
 God's Gift (original founda- 
 tion). 1605-1857 .... 22 
 Buildings, The ... 28 
 Chapel, The . . .30, 39, 42 
 Contract for Buildings . . 28 
 Corporation, The College . 27 
 Deed of Foundation . . 26 
 „ Witnesses to . . 26 
 Dissolution of Foundation 32, 33 
 Foundation completed . . 27 
 Leases of Property . . 33 
 Masters and Wardens . 28 
 
 Two Notable . . 34 
 Parishes, the four interested 31 
 
 Statutes, The 
 
 
 27 
 
 Dulwich, Alleyn's College 
 
 
 
 (reconstituted 1857) . 
 
 
 35 
 
 College, The New . 
 
 . 
 
 35 
 
 Synopsis of Act 
 
 
 35 
 
 Upper and Lower Schools 
 
 
 35 
 
 Duh\-ich, Alleyn's College 
 
 
 
 (reorganised 1882) 
 
 
 37 
 
 Art School 
 
 38 
 
 41 
 
 College for Girls . 
 
 38 
 
 41 
 
 College Governors, Chair- 
 
 
 
 men of . . . 
 
 
 36 
 
 „ Governors, 1922 
 
 
 61 
 
 Administration, The 
 
 
 40 
 
 Dulwich College . . 35, 
 
 86, 
 
 38 
 
 Endowment of Schools out- 
 
 
 
 side Dulwich 
 
 
 88 
 
 Estates, The 
 
 38, 
 
 40 
 
 „ Administration 
 
 
 40 
 
 „ Contribution to 
 
 
 
 Public . 
 
 
 41 
 
 „ Chairmen of Gov- 
 
 
 
 ernors 
 
 
 61 
 
 Governors, 1922 
 
 
 61 
 
 Playing Fields 
 
 
 41 
 
 Scheme of 1882 Outline of 
 
 
 87 
 
 1913 
 
 
 89 
 
 Dulwich Common 
 
 .4 
 
 44 
 
 College Road . 
 
 
 45 
 
 ,, Fairs 
 
 
 4 
 
 Free School . 
 
 
 86 
 
 Hamlet 
 
 .' 3 
 
 .43 
 
 Manor 
 
 1,8 
 
 ,25 
 
 House. 
 
 
 5 
 
 Manuscripts . 
 
 
 21 
 
 Park 
 
 
 41 
 
 Picture Gallery 80 
 
 88 
 
 ,58 
 
 Stocks and Cage . 
 
 
 8 
 
 „ Wells . . . 
 
 
 46 
 
 and War, 1792—1922 
 
 
 40
 
 ( 64 ) 
 
 Eadgar. King 
 Edward III . 
 
 „ VII . . . 
 Effra, The River 
 Elizabeth, Queen . 
 Elizabethan and Jacobean 
 
 Theatres . 
 Evelyn .... 
 
 " Fairfield "... 
 Fortune Theatre, The . 
 Fox Hunting . 
 Fountain Road 
 " French Horn " Inn, The 
 
 Gerontocomium, The 
 
 George III 
 
 Giles, St., Cripplegate 
 
 Gipsy Hill 
 
 Glennie, Dr. 
 
 Globe Theatre, The 
 
 Grammar School, The 
 
 " Green Man," The 
 
 " Greyhound," The 
 
 C. 
 
 Hall, The 
 
 Hall, E. Stanley . 
 
 Hall. Lt.-Col. Sir Frederick, 
 
 D.S.O., M.P. . 
 Hall, Mr. and Mrs. S. 
 Hannen, Sir James 
 Harold, Earl . 
 Harvard, John 
 Hazlitt . 
 Henry I . 
 Henry VIII 
 Henslovre, Philip . 
 Henslovi^e Diary, The 
 Hermit, The Duhvich 
 Heme Hill . 
 Hope Theatre, The 
 " Howletts " 
 
 Infant School in Village 
 Island Green . 
 
 James I, England . 
 James I, Scotland 
 Jones, Inigo 
 
 Knight's Hill 
 
 Langdale, Lord 
 Laud, Archbishop . 
 Law, A. Bonar. M.P. . 
 Library, Memorial 
 Livesey. Sir George 
 London Central Foundation 
 
 Schools 
 " Lyndenhurst " . 
 Lynn, Captain 
 
 1 
 
 2 
 
 . 36 
 
 3,6, 7 
 
 8 
 
 10- 
 
 -19 
 46 
 
 43 
 
 23 
 
 i 
 
 6 
 
 36 
 
 27 
 
 5 
 
 31 
 
 4,5 
 
 47 
 18 
 33,43 
 45 
 45 
 
 43 
 59 
 
 50 
 52 
 52 
 
 1 
 10 
 57 
 
 2 
 
 2, 9 
 
 21 
 
 21 
 
 4 
 
 3 
 18,23 
 
 37, 43 
 3 
 
 .9,26 
 9 
 
 25, 26 
 
 . 46 
 
 83 
 82 
 52 
 49 
 52 
 
 Mary the Ferryman's Daughter 8 
 
 Mary Overie, St 8 
 
 Masters of the College . . 61 
 
 Mausoleum, The .... 55 
 
 Olave's, St., and St. Saviour's 
 
 Grammar Schools ... 39 
 
 Orphanocomium, The ... 27 
 
 Paris Garden 
 
 Pickwick, Mr. 
 
 Pilgrim Way, The 
 
 Pirn, Admiral Bedford, R 
 
 M.P. 
 Poland, King of 
 Powell, H. J. . 
 
 Richard II . . . 
 Rogers, The Rev. William 
 Rose Theatre, The 
 Ruskin, John 
 
 Saviour's, St. 
 
 School Attendance, 1922 
 
 „ Hours, 1626 
 Shackleton, Sir Ernest 
 Shakespeare, William 
 
 „ Edmond 
 
 Sheldon, Archbishop . 
 Soane, Sir John 
 Southwark, origin of name 
 Southwark Cathedral . 
 Stanley, M.P., Lord . 
 Stephen's Church, St. . 
 Staunton, H. 
 Sydenham Hill, View from 
 Sydenham Wells 
 Swan Theatre, The 
 
 N., 
 
 17,23 
 45 
 
 51 
 53 
 31 
 
 2 
 
 36 
 18, 23 
 . 58 
 
 8, 17, 81 
 39 
 28 
 50 
 
 18, 22, 25 
 18 
 30 
 55 
 10 
 10 
 36 
 37 
 51 
 7 
 46 
 18 
 
 Taylor, John ... 18, 19 
 Theatres, Elizabethan and 
 
 Jacobean . . . 10 — 19 
 
 Thompson, H. Yates ... 57 
 
 Thurlow, Lord .... 46 
 
 Park Road ... 46 
 
 Toll-gate, The .... 6 
 
 Victoria, Queen .... 80 
 
 43 
 5 
 
 " Warrigul " 43 
 
 Webster, Dr. G 51 
 
 Wellington, Duke of . . .36 
 William the Conqueror . . 1 
 William Rufus . . . .1,2 
 Windmill, The . . . . 6, 33 
 Woodward, Joan . . . 23,2;* 
 Wykeham, William of . 9
 
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