( GENERAL BUNKER ) <> yfe THE GREAT AMERICAN GOUT AND PY, BUNKER: ILLUSTRATED. A. TRUTHFUL AND THRILLING NARRATIVE OF ADVEN- TURES AND NARROW ESCAPES IN THE ENEMY'S COUNTRY, UNDER ORDERS FROM GENERALS GRANT, LOGAN, McPHERSON, AND OTHER LEADING COMMANDERS. hinl (Hilton, NEW YORK: PUBLISHED BY OLMSTED 1870. & CO. Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1568, by OLMSTED & COMPANY, In tb> monk's Office of the United States District Court, for the Southern District of New York. Printed by JOHN J. RKUD, 43 Centre St., N. Y. TO GEN, ULYSSES S, GRANT, WHOSE UNDAUNTED ENERGY, HEROIC VALOR, SUPERIOR GENERALSHIP, AND DEVOTION TO HIS COUNTRY, HAVE PROVED HIM "The Right Man in the Right Place, AND WON FOR HIM A WORLD-WIDE FAME; THE pALLANT pFFICERS AND TTHO HAVE NOBLY ASSISTED IN SUSTAINING OCR GLORIOUS NATIONAUTT BY CRUSHING THE GREAT REBELLION, is PREFACE. IT was with much difficulty that I was prevailed upon to give to the public a narrative of my experience as a scout and spy. It was the intense interest with which the commanding generals and others have lis- tened to my narratives, whenever I have related them, and their earnest entreaties to have them pub- lished, that induced me to do so. I entered the army with purely patriotic motives, with a desire to sustain and perpetuate the noble in- stitutions that had been purchased by the blood of our fathers. I valued the cause of liberty as well worth all the sacrifice that it might cost to save it. I saw at once that the conflict was to be one involv- ing great principles, and that in the end Truth and Justice must prevail. The part that I have borne in putting down the great rebellion is the one that naturally fell to me by the force of circumstances, and entirely unsolicited. My relation in the affairs of life seems to have been such as to have just adapted me to that part that fell 6 PREFACE. to my lot to act. I have been a cabin-boy on the canal, from which I graduated to the position of canal- driver. I have been a Frontier Ranger, a Rocky Mountain Trapper and gold-hunter on the eastern slope. I have been a cattle-trader at the North, a raft-pilot at the South, and an Arkansas school- master. The incidents that I have narrated are all of them facts that have occurred in my experience, and, without further apology, I submit them to an indul- gent and candid public, and claim that every scene narrated here is the unvarnished truth. C. L. RUGGLES. CONTENTS. CHAPTER I. Parentage Childhood incidents Subsequent occupations Driven from Mississippi Works on rebel fortifications Escape to Illinois Enlists as a soldier Supposed to have deserted How he got his name Ex- amination by the surgeon 11-17 CHAPTER II. Moves to Cincinnati Detailed to guard the forts Meets a secesh lady- First scout Unexpected visit of the colonel The drill Bad report- The mischief investigated Attempts to discover the rogues Innocent man accused The accusers skedaddle Who got the chickens. . . .18-35 CHAPTER III. " Marching orders First battle Arrives at Fort Donelson The sur- render Goes North with prisoners Meets an old friend as a rebel captain The captain attempts to bribe him Expedition up the Ten- nessee River Touching incident Battle of Shiloh Captures an En- field Recommended as a scout 26-34 CHAPTER IV. Rumored attack upon Grand Junction " General Bunker" sent out as spy Passes himself as a rebel soldier Falls in with rebel cavalry Visits a rebel carnp Attempts to deprive him of his revolver Dis- covers a Yankee forage party Undertakes to return captured by Yankees, and robbed of his revolver and money Passes as a rebel spy Sent to the provost-marshal Sent to General Hurlbut Returned to Grand Junction 85-50 CHAPTER V. Fired at by a citi/en The sick overseer How he was cured Pickets fired on Trip to White Church Visits General Van Dorn Meets a rebel spy Reports to General Leggett Grand Junction evacuated Again sees the rebel spy Attempt to arrest him Drinks wine with the rebel General Jackson Discovers a hole in the fence 51-68 CHAPTER VI. The value of the oath Attempt to take " Bunker's" life Sent to Grand Junction The hazardous ride The countersign The chase Unfor- tunate occurrence The chase abandoned Meets with guerrillas They invite him to drink Renewed vigilance The battle ofMiddlcburg. 67-7i> CHAPTER VII. Attempts to visit the enemy's camp Learns the strength and position of the enemy Return intercepted Perilous situation Loses his mule Frightened by men of his own regiment The plan to capture the enemy The negro's report The forces discovered Disposes of a rebel picket Reports his discovery 74-82 8 CONTENTS. CHAPTER VIII. Bent to find the enemy's pickets Suspicious circumstance Sick child Captures three citizens standing picket Releases them Falls asleep- Perilous situation Fortunate turn of affairs Attack on the pickets A very pious man He proves a rebel spy 83-90 CHAPTER IX. Bent to Somerville Finds himself a prisoner Taken to Cold Water- Meets with old acquaintances Is paroled Runs with the 3d Arkansas Cavalry Goes to Lnnipkin's Mills Interview with General Price Stays all night with his brother, the rebel general Return to Bolivar Reports to General Ross Obtains the colonel's horse, and returns to the enemy Runs away from the enemy 91-100 CHAPTER X. Sent to Grand Junction to capture guerrillas Suspicious incident Strat- egy Orders disobeyed The rebel flag The very kind secesh lady- Out of the frying-pan into the fire Guerrillas watching for them The attack The prisoner Result of the trip 101-112 CHAPTER XI. Sent to Lagrange Observes two cavalrymen Arrival Waits for the cavalry Accompanies them out Takes his departure Is pursued Evades the pursuit Finds himself cornered Crosses the Cypress Swamp Robbed by outlaws The fate of the robbers 113-134 CHAPTER XII. Starts to find General Bragg's forces " Woods" the secesh farmer Guerrillas washing stockings Finds Bragg's advance Recognized as a Yankee spy Ordered off his mule to 'be shot The clamor of the crowd Recognized as a Confederate spy Rebel surgeon vouches for him Is released- Gray-headed rebel brought to justice The sutler of the 2d Arkansas Cavalry a prisoner What became of the guerrillas that were washing stockings 123-136 CHAPTEll XIII. Reconnoiters Hickory Flats with a squad of seven men Shoots at the mark Orders to march with two days' rations Cause of the alarm Rcconnoiter beyond Whitesville Major Mudcl's trap " Bunk- er" entices the rebs into it Rides into the trap behind a rebel captain Sent out beyond Pocahontas Passes as a rebel artillerist Secesh cit- izen stands guard for him The very kind secesh lady The anxious wife Discovers guerrillas burning a human being 137-155 CHAPTER XIV. Starts on a trip for General Lauman His instructions A Confederate widow Discovers a squad of rebel soldiers Captures part of their arms Learns the whereabouts of guerrillas Attempt to capture them Guerrillas escape Captures a prisoner Cause of guerrillas' escape The " General" and squad are arrested Unfortunate state of affairs- Informality of charge and specifications 156-16(5 CHAPTER XV. Assistance of friends Fails to get a trial Gloomy prospects Evidence accumulates Guard-house incident The " General" concludes to help CONTENTS. 9 himself Narrow escape from .guerrillas The capture Reaches hla regiment Himself and squad released 107-177 CHAPTER XVI. Starte for Grenada Instructions Is captured Returns to Water Valley Starts again Arrives at Grenada Condition of Price's army He returns Again sent to Grenada Proposes some fun Plan of strategy Plan unnecessary Returns with rebel cavalry Bivouac at Big Springs The attack More fun than bargained for The result. 178-187 CHAPTER XVII. The forage party Runaways Daring scout Narrow escape The line of battle Safe relum Scout reports Assumes the character of a rebel prisoner Finds a friend How he introduced himself Where he be- longs The burning of Holly Springs The heroine What she captured Shows partiality Oilers assistance Rebel doctor executed. . .18&-199 CHAPTER XVIII. Arrival in Memphis Daring robbery Detailed by the provost-marshal general Assumes the character of a rebel major Secesh acquaintances Captures a rebel mail A jollification A rebel trader Plan to run the pickets The escape of the outlaAVS 200-212 CHAPTER XIX. Reports to Major-General McPherson Instructions Disguise Starts for Vicksburg Changes his route Reports to General Denver Acquaint- ance with a cotton-buyer Plan to make money Visit to guerrilla Sol. Street The arrangement consummated Visit to General Price Arri- val at Jackson Robbed of his field-glasses Introduction to President Davis Visit to Vicksburg Visit to Edwards' Station Meets his bear- hunting comrades Visits Black River Bridge Robbed of his horse The return Reports to General McPherson Reports to General Grant 213-227 CHAPTER XX. Return to Mississippi Instructions Visit to Troy Movement of cavalry Reports to General Denver Is arrested Federal cavalry driven back Is released Visits Greenwood Journey to the Mississippi River The perilous crossing Again arrested Interview with General Prentisa Takes the oath of allegiance Meets a friend Makes his escape Re- ports to General Grant 23S-240 CHAPTER XXI. Return to the regiment The Henry rifle The march from Milliken's Bend The tug of war The army crosses the Mississippi Capture of Port Gibson Battle of Raymond Amusing capture The charge on Jackson Battle of Champion Hills The rebel courier Sharp-shoot- ing The gallant charge The march to Vicksburg The place be- sieged 241-254 CHAPTER XXII. First sharp-shooting at Vicksburg Silences two guns The rifle-pit Shoots a Carolinian The Carolinian's comrade Outshoots a squad of sixteen The defiant rebel Shoots for Generals McPherson and Logan Beats the Parrot rifles Joke on the Adjutant-General Visit to Ad- miral Porter The French spy The disclosures Capture of a rebel dispatch The fate of the spy 2o5-2S 10 CONTENTS. CHAPTER XXIII. Sent for by General Grant Instructions Crosses Black River Is cap- tured by rebel cavalry Sent to General DeVieu The interview Passes as Johnston's spy The attempt to escape The pursuit Fired at by Federal 'pickets Again fired at by the enemy The pursuers driven back Again tired at by Federal pickets The alarm Reports to General Osterhaus Reports to General Grant 270-380 CHAPTER XXIV. Visit to Chickasaw Landing Surrender of Vicksburg Visit to the city The paroled Major The Yankee trick Returns to Vicksburg Made de- tective Is sent to Yazoo City Attends a guerrilla organization Makes them a speech Returns to Vicksburg 281-289 CHAPTER XXV. Taken sick with the ague Encounters his Satanic Majesty The Devil afraid of General Grant Expedition to Bogue Chitto Creek Captures a rebel Colonel Enlists as a veteran Makes a speech to the soldiers. 290-299 CHAPTER XXVL Frightened by a dead Colonel -Burns Confederate corn in face of the enemy Gets into a tight place A frightened Major Captures infor- mation A headstrong Captain gobbled up Captures a rebel Provost- marshal General Encounter with General Ross' s cavalry A strange adventure Races with a rebel Colonel A hard-hearted woman . 300-325 CHAPTER XXVII. fitarte home on veteran furlough Suspected of being a rebel spy Com- missioned officer serves him at the table Kind attentions at home Si- lences an old maid Returns to the front Shot at twenty-one times The remedy A Union lady The dwarf weaver The weaver be- headed Goes into Marietta as a spy Confederate side of the lines Es- cape from the rebs General McPherson's death Hard fighting.. . .326 CHAPTER XXVIII. Goes to Ohio to recruit Raises twenty-one men Difficulty with the Gov- ernor Visits Lieutenant-Gencral Grant Order from the War Depart- ment Again in difficulty Runs away from the Governor Reports to General Sherman Georgia raid An amusing coincident Reports to General Granger, at Mobile Reports to General Grierson, in Texas Makes a trip to the Upper Colorado Incident at General Grant's head- quartersThe war over 851-381 CHAPTER XXIX. Ludicrous effect of fear A Corporal outflanks a Captain A good Union man A touching appeal A scene among the wounded An old Se- cesh discovers his mistake Suggestions from experience Concluding thoughts Certificates and endorsements 382-400 THE GEEAT AMERICAN SCOUT AND SPY. CHAPTER I. Parentage Childhood incidents Subsequent occupations Driven from Mississippi Works on rebel fortifications Escape to Illinois Enlists as a soldier Supposed to have deserted How he got his name Examination by the Surgeon. I WAS Lorn in the town of Copley, Summit County, Ohio, on the I7th day of June, 1823, and at the time I entered the army was thirty nine years of age. My father's name was Alfred Ruggles. At the time of his death he was living with his second wife. His family numhered twelve sons and seven daughters. I am the youngest of seven children by my father's second wife. My father was a blacksmith by trade, and all of his sons, except myself, were taught this trade, un- der his personal instruction. Lorenzo Ruggles, my father's second son by his first wife, after having finished his trade, was sent to college and educated. He is the General Ruggles of the Confederate army. When I was ten years of age my father died, leav- ing a large farm to be disposed of by a will. The (Hi 12 THE GREAT AMERICAN children went to law, and spent the entire property in breaking the will and settling the estate. In con- sequence of that I was thrown upon my own labor for my support at a very early age. The next summer, after my father's death, I hired out as cabin-boy on board of one of the packet-boats running on the Ohio Canal. I continued for three summers to follow the canal in that capacity, and for four summers following I was a canal driver. The last three seasons I drove the same team, and at the end of the third season I received from the Transportation Company a prize of ten dollars for having kept my team in the best order. The winter following, my seventh season on the canal, I went down the Mississippi River to Arkan- sas, and spent the season chopping steamboat wood. While thus employed on Island Twenty-eight, I had the fortune to kill a very large black bear, which I sold to a steamboat captain for what seemed to me at that time a great price. The incident turned my attention to trapping and bear hunting. I -spent se- veral successive winters in hunting and trapping in the wilds of Arkansas. In the winter of 1851 and 1852 I was employed in hunting wild hogs in the Yazoo bottoms, for Peter Nash, of Vicksburg, Miss. I was thus engaged at the time that the fourteen French hunters \vere killed by wild hogs in the Yazoo bottoms. I spent one year as an overseer for Mr. James Ford, of Memphis, Tenn., on the French pal- ace plantation, near the fort of Island No. GO. My summers were usually spent on the Mississippi an# SCOUT AND SPY. 13 its tributaries. In the summer of 1859 I went to Pike's Peak, and thence to Salt Lake. The winter of 18 GO and 1861 I was at work on White River, Ark., and had several hands at work with me, filling a contract for shingles for a man by the name of Hanner, in Bolivar County, Mississippi. In the spring I commenced to deliver the shingles, but Mr. Hanner refused to receive them, on the ground that the country was engaged in war. His refusal to receive them provoked me, and I said to him, "All you need is a good thrashing, and then you'll behave yourself and not talk so." That enraged him, and he turned and left me, muttering vengeance as he went. An hour later he returned with a party of men, threa- tening to hang me if he should catch me, but I was not to be found. Mr. Hanner did not accuse me of being an abolitionist or a Northern man. He was soon after made Colonel of the 17th Mississippi Zouaves. Knowing that my life was in danger there, I made my way to Memphis, Tenn. At Memphis, I found the secession element deci- dedly too hot for me. I saw no other way for me to do but "aid and comfort" the secession movement or leave the country. Lying at the levee was a steamboat just getting up steam, destined, it was said for St. Louis, Mo. She had on board a cargo of picks, spades, wheelbar- rows, and whisky. I took passage in her and went to Columbus, Ky., and there she stopped and com- menced to discharge her cargo. I soon learned that she was going no further. 14 THE GREAT AMERICAN At that place I came across Mr. James Ford, for whom I had heen an overseer on the French palace plantation. He gave me a warm greeting, and said that he was glad that I had come. He was at that time in command of the post, and engaged in forti- fying the place. He persuaded me to take charge of a gang of negroes and work on the forts, which I did, to kill all suspicion until an opportunity oc- curred for ine to escape. When I had heen there engaged for five days, Ihe steainhoat Amelia came up the river and landed, en her way to Cairo, 111. I happened to know the pilot, and told him that I was in a tight place, and hy his assistance I secreted myself on hoard the heat and went to Cairo. It was the last steamer that was allowed to pass by Colum- bus, Ky., until the place was captured by the Federal army. From Cairo I went to Toledo, 0. Recruiting for the Federal army was going on rapidly all over the North. In August, 1SG1, 1 visited the principal cities in Ohio, in search of a company of sharpshooters, in which to enlist. I found several such organizations, but none of them were officered by men that suited me. In the month cf December, while at Columbus, Ohio, I met Lieutenant Downs, of the 20th Ohio Vo- lunteer Infantry, with a squad of ten men, on his way to Trumbull County to recruit. Liking the appear- ance cf his men, I enlisted, on condition that he would furnish me with an Enfield rifle. . From Columbus we took the first train of cars to Cleveland ; it was late in the evening when we SCOUT AND SPY Tf> arrived. Passing a boot and shoe store that was yet, open, I obtained leave of the Lieutenant to remain long enough to purchase a pair of boots before going to our lodgings. The Lieutenant and party did not stop, but continued on to the hotel. After purchasing my boots, I got into an interesting conversation with the shopkeeper, and remained somewhat longer than was necessary. I had been intrusted to the care of Corporal Grinnell, by the Lieutenant, and my long absence had created a suspicion in the mind of the Corporal that I had deserted. He had also heard Lieutenant Bostwick, while in Columbus, advise Lieutenant Downs not to enlist me, for fear I would run away. At last he started out with three men in search of me, and found me still at the shop. I have since had many a joke with Lieutenant Bost- wick and Corporal Grinnell about their suspecting that I would desert. They have been among my warmest friends in the army. The next morning, at eleven o'clock, we reached Warren. At that place the party dispersed to their homes, and I was fur- nished boarding at the Eagle House, where I remained for ten days. On Monday, January 8, 18G2, we met to go to the regiment, then at Camp King, near Covington, Ky. The squad had increased by accession of recruits to twenty men. Our journey passed off pleasantly, and in two days' time we reached our regiment. The party that went home with the Lieutenant had car- ried their knapsacks with them ; not knowing at that time the name for them. I asked the Lieutenant if 1C THE GREA1 AMERICAN he had a "Bunker Hill" for me to wear on my "back. From that expression I received the name of "Bunker," and have been more generally known by that name in the army than any other. The next morning after our arrival in camp, we were marched over to the Surgeon's quarters for examina- tion. From a list of names that the Lieutenant had handed him, the Surgeon called " Lorain Ruggles ! " " Here I am, Doctor," I answered, what do you want of me ? " "I want to examine you, and see if you are sound." "Oh, that's it, is it. You need not be to that trouble, I'm sound enough." " Well, but I must see whether you are sound or not ; hold out your hands ; work your fingers ; touch your hands over your head." Going through the motions, I >lded, "OA, / teli you that I am all right." "Are you ruptured ? " he continued. "Ruptured! what is that?" "Are you bursted ? " "No, I ain't quite busted yet; I've a couple of dollars left." " You don't understand me, Mr. Ruggles," con- tinued the Surgeon, placing his hands on my abdo- men. "Are your bowels all right ? " " Oh, I understand you now ! They are a little thin; the rations don't relish tvell yet." The doctor secceeded at last in making me under- stand, and having finished his examination, we were accepted as soldiers in the United States army. SCOUT AND SPY, 17 Like all other recruits, as soon as mustered in I was placed under drill. To me the "steps" and "facings," "times" and "motions," were perfectly in- comprehensible. I formed a dislika to them that I could never get over. I was expert in the forest at handling my piece, and I did not see why the same times and motions that would kill a bear would not kill a "reb." 18 THE GREAT AMERICAN CHAPTER, II. Moves to Cincinnati Detailed to guard the forts Meets a secesh lady- First scout Unexpected visit of tho Colonel The drill Bad report The mischief investigated Attempts to discover the rogues Innocent man accused Tho accusers skedaddle Who got the chickens. SHORTLY after I joined the regiment it moved to the city barracks in Cincinnati, Ohio. It was the duty of the regiment at that time to guard the forti- fications that had been built to protect the cities of Cincinnati, Covington, and Newport. Not long after we arrived at the barracks, company "H," to which I belonged, was detailed for a three days' tour at guarding the line of defenses. Lieutenant Downs, with a squad consisting of three sergeants and twen- ty-seven men, was sent to guard that part of the de- fenses known as the Three-mile Batteries. I was one of the squad. These batteries formed a chain of defenses running eastward from the Licking River at a distance of two miles and a half south of the city of Newport. Beginning near the Licking River, was situated Fort Shaler ; a mile and a half east was Fort Stuart, and a mile and a half east of that was Beechwoods Battery. The detail was divided into three squads, of a sergeant and nine men each, for each of the three SCOUT AND SPY. 19 forts. I was one of the squad that went to Fort Stuart. That fort being between the other two, was made head-quarters of the officer commanding the detail. "We crossed the Ohio River on a ferry-boat to New- port, and then marched out. When we had gone about half-way to the forts, we were met by a lady in a carriage, who as we passed, called out, " Hurrah for Jeff. Davis!" We took it as a down-right insult, but passed along without making any disturbance. We soon overtook a young man, who told us where tho lady lived, who she was, and also that she was a secesh, and that her sentiments were well known in the neighborhood. She was a widow. The next, morning I asked Lieutenant Downs for the privilege of taking -three men with me to scout the neighborhood for information concerning its dis- loyalty. He granted the request, on condition that we report back promptly by 2 o'clock in the after- noon. We were allowed to take our arms with us. We visited all the neighbors living in the imme- diate vicinity of the lady's residence, and they all confirmed what we had heard of her disloyalty. We then went to her house, but found that she was ab- sent. The members of her family said that she was not disloyal, but very strongly sympathized with the secession movement. Her negroes said she was se- cesh. We were treated courteously by the family, and urged to stay to dinner, which we did. While the dinner was being prepared, we enlivened the time by narrating our carnp stories, very much to their amusement. When we were about to take oi?r 20 THE GKKAT AMKKICAN departure, we were invited to come the next day and bring our Lieutenant. The invitation was pressed so hard that we promised to come. At the hour specified, we reported to our Lieuten- ant, and gave him all the information that we had gathered concerning the woman's disloyalty and the feeling that existed against her among her neighbors. It was determined, in consequence of the insult that we had received, and her known sympathy with the enemy, to lay the matter before the Colonel on our return to the regiment. The next day was very rainy, so we did not repeat our visit as we" had promised to do. About the middle of the afternoon we were very much surprised by the appearance of Colonel Force at the fort. Had he come in the night it would not have surprised us, because he had become proverbial for " making the rounds," especially in bad weather. At the time of his arrival the Lieutenant was absent, inspecting the other forts. The manner of the Colonel seemed strange. He was very inquisitive about our rations whether they held out and whether we had had any other than Government rations ; he also inquired whether any of us had been absent from the fort at any time. I then told him of our trip the day before. He then inquired if we had any of us been there since, and we answered in the negative. He then inspected our ration-boxes, and the ground all about the fort, examining carefully the wood-pile, fence-corners, and bushes, evidently looking for somethingon the ground. After haying finished his search he did not seem sa- SCOUT AND SPY. 2i tisfied, but acted as if he was disappointed in some- thing. We were all sure that "something was up." Having finished his inspection, he told me to get my gun and he would drill me in the manual while he was waiting for the return of the Lieutenant. I got along finely in all the movements until he gave the command, "Charge bayonet." It being the most natural for me, I brought ray piece down to my left side, with a half-face to the left instead of to the right, as I ought to have done. " Not so, not so the other way; there fix it so," said the Colonel, fixing it in its proper position. " I can never charge bayonet that way." " Hold it fast ; let me try it," said he, putting his hand against the muzzle of the piece. " I will if I can." He pushed, and over I went to the ground. Springing up and resuming my old po- sition of half- face to the left. " You can't do that again ; now try." The Colonel did try, but could not budge me. He then told me to put up my gun. I had become ex- tremely anxious to know what had brought him over, and I resolved to give him a hint to that effect ; so I said to him, "Colonel, you must like the military profession pretty well!" "Why so? what makes you think that?" " Because you came all the way over here from Cincinnati just to drill me." The Colonel smiled, but he said nothing. By this time the Lieutenant made his appearance. The Col- onel took him on side and had some private conver- 22 THE GREAT AMERICAN sation, and then left. We learned from the Lieute- nant that complaint had been made at the head- quarters that a squad of men from the forts had been to Mrs. 's house the night before and taken pos- session with fixed bayonets, and demanded meat, butter, chickens, and potatoes, and threatened if the articles demanded were not given them, they would help themselves. The lady remonstrated, and finally begged of them not to disturb her property, but all to no purpose. They then helped themselves to such articles as they wanted, including about thirty chickens. The Lieutenant seemed surprised to hear such re- ports about his men. He questioned us closely, as the Colonel had done, but all to no purpose ; every man denied knowing any thing about the outrage. He searched the premises for any traces of chickens, such as offal, bones, or feathers, but none could be found. The lady had represented to the Colonel that the soldiers that committed the outrage wore dark blue blouses, and carried muskets with bayonets. The soldiers of no other regiment about there wore that kind of uniform or carried that kind of arms. When the Colonel left Fort Stuart, he went over to the Beechwoods Battery, and there the same investigation was made, but with no better result. Five of the men that accompanied me to the lady's house were taken over to see if they would be identified as having been there in the night, but the members of the family said they were not among the number. It was then SCOUT AND SPY. 23 arranged that the members of the family should go over to the barracks the day that we would return, and see if they could identify the men on dress pa- rade, that did the mischief. During the balance of our stay at the forts, the Lieutenant was very strict with us, and watched narrowly every movement that we made, but dis- covered no evidence of guilt. On our way back to the barracks, as we passed through the streets of New- port and Cincinnati, we seemed to be observed with more than usual interest, on account of the notoriety given us by the report. Dress parade came, and with it two members of the family, one a son of the lady, to point out the guilty soldiers. When the parade was over the companies were all dismissed but company li II." The two persons then passed along the line, and succeeded in pointing out one man. He was a man of unexceptionable character, and the very last man in the company that would have been guilty of such a thing ; and besides he had been on duty at the fort next to the river, which was more than three miles distant from the lady's house. Whatever suspicions the officers of the company might have had of their men, they were then well convinced that an innocent man had been wrongfully accused. The Colonel still believed that some of the men in the company had done it. It was then arranged that the son should return the next day and bring another member of the family a young man that was teaching there and see if he would have any better success. 24 THE GREAT AMERICAN Passes were prohibited us for ten days. Each one of the men on detail at the forts were examined se- parately, and I was called in for examination several times. After he had questioned me over and over again, I said to him, "Look here Colonel, that would he a smart trick for new recruits, wouldn't it? Besides, they tell me, Colonel, that you are like a comet ; that you come when no man knoweth it. Supposing that you had "made the rounds" that night, and found the men gone. By and by the guard would call out, 'Halt! who comes there?' What would have been the reply? I tell you, Colonel, United States soldiers don't get disgraced that way !" The Colonel then walked his room back and forth, as if in a deep study, then facing me, said : "Is this the first time you were ever caught in a scrape of this kind ?" "You have'nt caught me in this yet" I replied. "That will do," said he, "you are either innocent or very well drilled! You can go to your quarters." The next afternoon the two. young men came over. When they arrived, the battalion was on drill except the new recruits. While watching the drill, the son of the lady undertook to point out to the man that accompanied him the person that ho had previously pointed out. That, I thought, was not fair. I told the new recruits what was being done and they ali began to gather around the 'two young men to frighten them off. Some would cackle like hens; some crow like roosters ; some pinned paper on their coat-tails; others would slip pork rinds into their coat SCOUT AM SL'l'. 25 pockets, and then accuse them of stealing soap grease from the poor soldiers! . It was a rougher reception than they had bargained for, and as soon as the crowd opened they broke for the street and never came back again. The "chicken scrape" is among the incidents of the past. Several of tho men of the detachment that were in the forts at that time have nobly sacrificed their lives, and others their health, in the cause of their country; and, however well they loved chickens, they have all since proved themselves brave, heroic soldiers. In a future reckoning, the depredations committed that night will vanish when weighed by the " hurrahs for Jeff. Davis" by the lady in the carriage. I leave the reader to draw his own conclusions, "but I am inclined to think that somebody got the, chickens. 26 THE GREAT AMERICAN CHAPTER III. "Marching orders" First battle Arrives at Fort Donelson The sni- rendcr Goes North \vith prisoners Meets an old friend as a rebel Captain The Captain attempts to bride him Expedition up the Tennessee River Touching incident Battle of Shiloh Captures an Enfield Eecommeuded as a scout. ON the 9th day of February, 18G2, the regiment received "marching orders." It was a day of hurry and excitement. The order was received with de- light by the men, for they had become tired of the dull monotony of guard duty, and were eager for a change. It was a wet day, and the streets were filled with mud and slush from the rain and melting snow, and our feet dragged heavily as we marched to the levee, but nevertheless, our hearts were light and cheerful. Little did we realize the hardship, the privations, and the sufferings that were in store for us, or think of the change that would take place ere we returned to the soil of our own loved State. Two transports the Emma Duncan and the Dr. Kane were ready for us at the levee, and we em- barked on board of them, and were soon under way. At Warsaw, Ky., we took on board two companies that had been doing duty there, and then proceeded on our way. We had an abundance of room which SCOUT AND SPY. 27 added much to our comfort and a pleasant trip all the way to Paducah, Ky., where we reported for orders on the 13th of February. We were immediately ordered to report to Gen- eral U. S. Grant, near Fort Donelson, without delay, and in a few hours, we were under way. We readi- ed our destination Friday afternoon, February 14th. The fighting had commenced, and at the time of our arrival our gun-boats were engaged with the rebel batteries in sight of where we landed. The regiment was ordered to report to Colonel since Brigadier-General Me Arthur, commanding a brigade on the extreme right of the Federal lines. To reach our position we had to make a march of ten miles. The weather was cold, and the ground cov- ered with several inches of snow. We started very early on the morning of the 15th to take our position. Being unused to inarching with heavy knapsacks, the march was fatiguing to us in the extreme. We suc- ceeded, however, in getting our position in line of battle by 10 o'clock, A. M. At the time we took our position the battle was raging with intense fury. The roar of musketry, the crash of artillery, the scream of shells, the whiz of bullets, and the sight of the dead and wounded were not calculated to fill the minds of inexperienced sol- diers with very pleasant sensations; nevertheless, every man of the regiment exhibited a coolness and firmness that won hi do honor to veterans in battle. The Colonel ordered "by companies, right wheel, unsling knapsacks. Battalion 4 ranks, right face. 28 THE GREAT AMERICAN Anns port, forward and double quick." We went about 80 rods toward the front, when the command came, "Halt," and "side steps to the left front." The road we went down on was all covered with blood, dead and wounded on either side, a horrible sight, indeed, for raw recruits. Down went the Chicago Battery, drawn by six horses. When the horses began to smell the powder and saw the blood, their eyes flashed fire, their ears were laid back, their mouths wide open, and they seemed inspired with anew intelligence, and dashed on like a thunder bolt into the midst of the enemy's ranks. The Colonel then gave commend, "Right lace, forward !" We moved down in front of the enemy and formed the line of battle, and stood in the posi- tion of order arms ! Soon we saw the rebel Cavalry, 1500 strong, move up on the top of a hill, and drawing their sabres, with a shout, at full speed, they charged upon us. My nerves began to twitch and my hair stood up, and I said to my comrades, "Yonder they come, boys, now let us give it to them !" On they came ! The Colonel ordered us to fire, and we went at it in earnest. The enemy were repulsed with great slaughter and driven into their works. We were in the fight about one hour, and our guns were so hot that we could scarcely hold them. This was about 10 A.M. At 20 minutes before 4 o'clock we engaged their infantry for one hour and 40 minutes, in which time we had 160 men killed, besides the Avounded. Toward night the enemy withdrew within his for- SCOUT AND SPY. 29 tifications. That night we slept on our arms, in line of battle, on the snow covered ground, expecting to renew the battle in the morning. The next morn- ing Sunday about nine o'clock, the news came that Fort Donelson had surrendered. Such shouts as went up from that army had never been heard before. From one end of the line to the other, cheer after cheer went up, until it seemed as if the trees of the forest were repeating the shouts. It was a glorious victory! It exceeded by far any vic- tory previously achieved since the commencement of the rebellion. Over 15,000 prisoners were captured, besides an immense amount of artillery and small arms. The 20th Ohio was one of the regiments that was detailed to guard the prisoners to the North. Com- panies A and II were assigned to the steamer Em- press, and were intrusted with the guarding of 2,300 prisoners. Soon after daylight on Monday morning we were on our way down the Cumberland River. Nothing of unusal interest occurred until we ar- rived at Bloody Island, opposite St.Louis, Mo., where we were to land the prisoners and embark them on board the cars for Chicago, 111. It was in the even ing when we arrived there, and the prisoners remained on board until the next day. I was on guard that night, and my post was at the gangway, with instructions to prevent, at all haz- ards, any attempt of prisoners to go ashore. About 1 o'clock at night a rebel Captain stepped up to me, and addressing me by name, said, " I low are you? " 30 THE GREAT AMERICAN I recognized him as an old friend by the name of Captain Brown, with whom I had formed an ac- quaintance at Island No. Twenty-eight, in the sum- mer of 1852. At that time he was the owner and captain of the Memphis and Nashville packet steamer Sligo, When the rebellion broke out he raised a company at Nashville, and was made a captain in the th Tennessee Infantry. At one time, while in difficulty in Memphis, Captain Brown had rendered me valuable assistance. " How are yon? "said I, as soon as I discovered who it was. " AVhat are you doing here? " "I'm a prisoner, and my old friend is guarding me. 7 ' " Yes, I see! Quite a change since you and I last met. " ' ; Yes, something of a change! I hardly expected to meet you in arms against me! You have lived a long time in the South. Do you think that you are doing exactly right to take up arms against us? " " The old government and the old flag are good enough for me, " I replied, "and I mean to stick by them so long as I live. " " Do you expect to pin the States together again with bayonets? " he asked. " I don't know whether we shall pin the States to- gether again or not; but I do know one thing, well have the soil back again, whether we have the peo- ple or not. " " See here! " said he. " Do you remember of my assisting you one time in Memphis, when you was in trouble? " SCOUT AND SPY. 31 "Certainly I do! And you had my gratitude for it." " Well, I am in trouble. Can you render me any assistance?" "I will, if I can." "Well, you can." "How?" " By letting me cross your beat and go ashore." i; / can't do that." " Why not? I helped you ; why not help me?" " Because I am no traitor to my country! I never asked you to raise- your hand against your country to assist me." " Here take this watch ; perhaps I can buy you," said he, offering me a splendid gold watch. " Not much, you can't buy me ! I think too much of the stars and stripes for that." " Take it," said he, ' and let me cross your beat, and I'll give you a hundred dollars in gold besides." "/ carit do it" said I: "dont you ask me again" Captain Brown went away quite disappointed, sat- isfied, I presume, that gold was not at par with genuine patriotism. We guarded the prisoners to Camp Douglas, near Chicago, 111., where we remained nine days, and then returned to Bloody Island, were we arrived on the Gth clay of March. That night the regiment embarked on board the steamer Continental, for Paducah, Ky., which place we reached in time to join in the grand expedition up the Tennessee River. At Paducah, General Sherman and staff came on board the Continental, and made it his head-quarters; 32 THE GREAT AMERICAN and that boat, preceded by the gun-boats, led the fleet. When under way. that vast fleet of steamers, load- ed down with troops, as they moved along, one after another, at nearly equal distances apart, presented a grand and imposing appearance. The weather was mild and pleasant, which added much to the interest of the trip. The banks of the river often presented crowds of people that had gathered to witness the grand display of force that was penetrating the territory of the rebellion. Sometimes we were cheered by the crowds that lined the banks, indicating their loyalty, and at other times a sullen silence told plainly that we were not welcome. One little incident occurred that I shall never forget, We had on board a citizen of Tennessee, who owned a large plantation on the left bank of the Tennessee River, about eight miles below Savannah. He was an exile from home on account of his devotion to the Union. An attempt was made by his neighbors to capture and hang him, but he succeeded in making his escape, and in getting through to Paducah, Ivy., after having suffered a great deal from hunger and exposure, incident to traveling by night, through forests and swamps, to evade discovery. The last that his family had heard from him was that his disloyal neighbors were in pursuit of him, determined to hang him, and they did not know whether he was still living. As we neared his plantation, a group of persons was observed standing on the bank of the river not far from his residence. He requested the captain of the SCOUT AND SPY. S3 boat, as we passed, to run the boat near the shore, so that he might recognize his wife and children, if they were there. The crowd on the deck of the steamer moved back,to give him a large clear space, that his family might more readily recognize him. As the boat neared the shore the group proved to be his wife, children and servants, gazing with intense interest at the passing fleet. It was a touching scene, when that exile from home recognized his loved ones. "I am alive ! It is me!" he shouted, swinging his hat. " I am coming home! Glory to God ! The Union forever! Hallelujah! Glory! Glory!" etc. lie jum- ped and shouted as if in ecstasies of delight. Such manifestations of Jove for home and country are unmistakable evidences of patriotism and loyalty. The incident is but one of thousands that have been witnessed in the prosecution of the war. From that time on, nothing of special interest oc- cured in my experience until the battle of Shiloh, or Pittsburg Landing. The battle was fought on the Gth and 7th of April. 1SG2. I acted my part in that bloody conflict, but the details of the battle I must leave to the pen of tho historian. At that battle I succeeded in capturing an Enfield rifle. My "hand- spike" was turned over, and with it dissipated tho disgust with which I had carried it. The next day after the battle of Shiloh, a circular was sent to the company commanders, from brigade head-quarters, requesting them to send in the names of such men as were trustworthy and suitable for scouts. Tho Captain sent in my name as one, which 34 THE GREAT AMERICAN opened the way for the experiences that I shall nar- rate in the following chapters. Early in June, soon after the evacuation of Corinth, the 20th Ohio Regiment moved to Bolivar, and soon after to Grand Junction, Tenn. SCOUT AND SPY. 35 CHAPTER IV. Rumored attack upon Grand Junction "General Bunker" sent out as spy Passes himself as a rebel soldier Falls in with rebel cavalry Visits a rebel camp Attempts to deprive him of his revolver Discovers a Yankee forage party Undertakes to return Captured by Yankees, and robbed of his revolver and money Passes as a rebel spy Sent to the Provost Marshal Sent to General Hurlbut Returned to Grand Junction. SOON after the evacuation of Corinth hy the forces under General Beauregard, a part of General Grant's army was distributed along the Ohio and Mississippi and the Mississippi Central, and also the Memphis and Charleston Railroads, to garrison the principal towns and open up communication for supplies by railroad instead of by the Tennessee River, which was becoming so low as to be an uncertain route for supplies. At the time I speak of, frrand Junction was gar- isoned by a small brigade of infantry and a battery of artillery, under command of Brigadier-General M.'D. Leggett. Grand Junction is situated on the Mississippi Central Railroad at its junction with the Memphis and Charleston Railroad, and was an ex- posed outpost. A rumor had become current among the citizens that a large force of the enemy's cavalry was in the 3G THE GREAT AMERICAN vicinity, preparing- to capture the brigade garrisoning the post. General Grant, who was still at Jackson, Tenn., informed General Leggett by telegraph that his command was in danger ; that an attempt would be made to capture his force ; that he would be at- tacked on his right by cavalry and on his left by in- fantry, and advised him to vacate the place and fall back to Bolivar, twenty miles north of Grand Junc- tion, where the Mississippi Central Railroad crosses the Hatchee River. The enemy's force was represen- ted to be 9000 cavalry at Davis' Mills, and three bri- gades of cavalry at what is known as the White Church, on Wolf River, the former nine and the latter twelve miles from Grand Junction, in a south-west direction. An additional force of a division of infantry were said to be at Salem, seventeen miles south-east of Grand Junction. General Leggett had some doubts about the rebels having very much force near the place, and the largo quantities of cotton that were being brought in, and the abundance of com for forage, made it an object to hold the place as long as prudence would admit, land he resolved to ascertain whether there was any cause for alarm before vacating it. General Leggett sent for me and told me what he wanted, and asked me if I was willing to undertake the job. It was the first opportunity that I had ever had of working as a spy, and I had for a long time been anxious to try my hand at it, and I felt certain that I could do the Government more good in that way than in any other. It was my time to strike and SCOUT AND SPY. 37 I determined to improve it. I told General Leggett that I was willing 1 to try, and would do the best that I could, and if I got back safe, "all right;" if not, my fate would be no worse than that of others before me. I returned to my quarters and made the necessary arrangements, and the next morning, at daylight, I started out on the road to Salem, disguised as a Con- federate soldier belonging to infantry. A confederate commissioned officer, disguised in ci- tizen's dress, was standing by and heart Gen. Leggett give the order, and watched carefully the instructions. He went then to the Provost Marshal to obtain a pass to go out on the same road and at the same time of my instruction. James E. Bader, Corporal of the Provost Guard, was standing by and saw him paying particular at- tention to my instructions and the road I was to take. After he had received his pass, Bader said to Captain Jacobs, the Provost Marshal, " That fellow was watching Bunker's instructions, when Gen. Leggett gave them." " I don't like the looks of him," said the Captain, " he will be obliged to call here in the morning to get his pass dated, and I will give him an examination." At sunrise next morning, about an hour after I had started, he appeared with two ladies, in a 'buggy, from which he sprang, and went into the office of the Provost Marshal for the date of his pass. The ex- amination resulted in the capture of an officer in the rebel army, two navy revolvers and a sword 38 THE GREAT AMERICAN under the buggy seat, where the two ladies were sitting, which saved me from difficulty, and another prisoner was sent North for violation of the oath of aiiegiance. Thanks to James E. Bader, for had this man re- ceived his pass, it would probably have been the last of Bunker, and this book had never been written. The day was clear and pleasant, and a recent shower had laid the dust and cooled the air, and made it much pleasanter traveling than is apt to bo the case in that country in the month of July. I was on foot, and the coolness of the atmosphere very much facilitated my progress. I was not interrupted until I had gone about eight miles, when I observed, as I approached a planter's house, a negro woman in the yard, engaged in churning Being somewhat fond of buttermilk, I resolved to pay the inmates a visit. As I drew near the house, a lady came to the door, and, observing iny Confederate uniform, seemed pleased to see me, and asked me to walk in and bo seated, to which I complied. "Where have you been?" she inquired. " I have been out to the Yankee pickets, and had a fight with them last night and killed three of the Yankee scamps. They killed my horse for me in the fight, and I am going back to Salem to get another that I -left there. I have walked until I am tired. Seeing a woman churning in the yard, I thought I would stop and rest myself, and see if you would have the kindness to give mo a drink of buttermilk." " I am glad you did. You shall have all the butter- SCOUT AND SPY. 39 milk you want. You are not a-gwine to walk to Salem, are you?" " Yes. I've got another horse there, and I don't like to trouble any body for the use of one." "Well, now, you are not a-gwine to walk down thai; we've got heaps o' horses and mules, and you shall have one to ride. Bob! Bob! " calling to a dar- key in the yard, " you run right quick to the cotton- gin and fetch your master." While Bob went on a double-quick for his master, the lady ordered me some buttermilk and wheat bis- cuit. While I was eating, the planter came in. "Lord bless you, John!" exclaimed the lady, as her husband entered, " here is one ofow soldiers, and he has had a light with the Yankee pickets and has killed three of them! lie says he's gwine to walk to Salem after another horse. I tell him that he's not a-gwine to walk when we've got heaps o' mules! I think any of our soldiers that has killed three Yankees is entitled to a mule to ride!" " You can have a mule in welcome; there's no oc- casion for you to walk," said the planter, " Thank you!" said I, " I am under very great ob- ligations to you for your kindness, but it may not bo possible for me to return this way. I will not take a mule, but I am a thousand times obliged to you." With many blessings from them, and an urgent invitation to call if I returned, I took my departure. When about twelve miles from Grand Junction, I was overtaken by a squad of thirteen rebel cavalry, includ- ing one Sergeant, under command of a Lieutenant. 40 THE GREAT AMERICAN " How are you, boys?" said I, as they came up. "Fine! 'said the Lieutenant. "How do you do?" " I'm getting pretty near well, I thank you." "Where do you belong?" he inquired. " To the 13th Tennessee Infantry, Col. Vaughn's regiment." " Ah yes, yes; he's all right. I remember of see- ing him in Corinth last spring," said the Sergeant; " I have a cousin in the same regiment." " Where do you belong?" I inquired. "To Jackson's First Battalion of Cavalry," an- swered the Lieutenant. "Where are you gwine?" " I am gwine down to my regiment," said I. "I have been sick, and have been home in Osceola, Mississippi County, Arkansas, and I am gwine down to Salein to report myself to the nearest head-quarters. I. have heard that there is some of our forces there, and I want to find out where my regiment is." " You are mistaken," said the Lieutenant ; "there is none of our forces there. And besides, it is not necessary for you to report at any head-quarters. Your regiment is at Tupelo, where you will have no diffi- culty in getting to it. We have some spare horses here ; got on one of them and ride." I mounted one of the horses and rode along with them. I learned, from conversation with them, that their regiment was stationed at Tupelo, Miss., and that they were detailed to traverse the country and visit all the planters, and tell them to haul their cotton, corn, and bacon to a place known as the Double SCOUT AND SPY. 41 Block-house, where it would be guarded to prevent the Yankees from stealing it. We only went about a mile after I mounted the horse before we turned to the right, and half a mile more brought us to the double log-house. At that place three regiments of infantry were camped and their principal object appeared to be to guard the stuff that the planters were hauling in for pro- tection Several thousand bushels of corn and large quantities of bacon had already been hauled there. We dismounted and remained in the camp about an hour. While there the Lieutenant told me that I had better not be in a hurry about going to Tupelo ; " for," said he, " the times are rather tough for a man just recovering from sickness, and the rations are not such as a sick man can relish." He told ine that he was going round on the lower Tupelo road in a day or two, and that I had better run with them till that time, and he would put me on a road where I would find clever people and plenty to eat. It all seemed very good advice, and favorable to rny purpose, and so I accepted it. The balance of the day was spent in visiting every plantation on the roads to the west and north of the block- house, and when we halted for the night we were within three miles of Davis' Mills. There I was like to have a little difficulty with the Sergeant. I had with me a very nice navy re- volver that I had borrowed of Colonel Force pre- paratory to starting out. The Sergeant discovered that I had it, and was going to take it away from me. 42 THE GREAT AMERICAN i " What business has an infantry soldier with such a revolver as that ? " said the Sergeant. " Infantry soldiers do n't need them, and cavalry soldiers do. It will never do you any good if you keep it ; so give it to me." "Sergeant," said I, "you are superior to me in rank, and if you insist I shall have to obey ; but if you take that revolver away from me I'll report you to Billy Jackson ! I will indeed ! " " Sergeant," said the Lieutenant, who heard our words, " if Colonel Vaughn is willing that his men should carry such things, it is none of our business. Let the soldier keep his revolver ! " " Thank you, Lieutenant," said I. " I prize that revolver very highly. I bought it in Memphis, about the time the war commenced, to kill the infernal Yanks with, and when I enlisted Colonel Vaughn told me that I might carry it, and I mean to do it." " That's right ! " said the Lieutenant, " Turn up as many of the Yankee moccasins with it as you can ! Soldier, what road did you come in on this morning ? " " I came down on the Somerville road, across the Hickory flats, by the old man Pruett's, and then over on to the Salem and Grand Junction road." " You came a very good route, indeed." " I am aware of that, I replied. " I know this here country all through in her3. Lieutenant, where did you boys stay last ni^ht ? " "At Davis' Mills." " Have n't we got a cavalry force there ? " " No. There was only us fourteen there last night." SCOUT AND SPY. 43 " The old man Pruett told me yesterday that there was, that we had three brigades of cavalry at the White Church on Wolf River." " The old man was mistaken. There is none of our forces nearer than Tupelo, except the three regi- ments that you saw to-day, and a few of the same company that I belong to, that are scattered about the country on the same business that we are on." In the morning our operations of notifying the plan- ters was renewed, and our route lay along the bottoms of Davis Creek, toward its headwaters. About noon we very unexpectedly found a Yankee forage party. "There is some of the Yanks now!" said the Lieu- tenant. " Where ?" said I. " There, up on the top of the hill to the left," said he, pointing toward them. I looked, and sure enough there they were. There was about thirty of the Yankees, and eight teams. They had halted to feed, and had stacked arms. They did not see us. We moved along a little further to a cow-path that led to the right up a ridge of ground parallel to the one occupied by the Yankees. The hollow that intervened was filled with a growth of bushes extending to the path which we were in, which screened us from view and enabled us to ap- proach within one hundred yards of the Yankees without being seen. I now recognized the detachment as belonging to my own regiment, and one of the men was my own bunk-mate f 44 THE GREAT AMERICAN The Lieutenant told us to be quiet and not to speak a word, and if the Yankees ventured away from their arms, we would make a dash upon them and capture their arms and mules, and bum the wagons. Little did they mistrust the relation that I bore to these Yankees. I determined, if a dash was attempted, to do what execution I could upon my butternut com- panions with my revolver, hoping to dispose of four or five of them before my true relation was discovered. It was a moment of fearful suspense as we watched those Federal soldiers; but my butternut companions were too deeply interested in the watch to observe any feelings that my actions might have betrayed. For about twenty minutes we watched them, but they did not move away from their arms. The Lieu- tenant, fearing his own safety might be endangered by too long a stay, silently withdrew his men, and made his way back toward Davis' Mills by another route. That night we stayed at a planter's house, ten miles from Grand Junction. At three o'clock the next morning we were again on the move, and a two hours ride brought us to four corners in the road somewhere south- west of Lagrange, and three or four miles distant from that place. There we halted, and the Lieutenant told me that one of the roads was the one that I needed to take to go to Tupelo. He gave me the names of several planters that lived on the road, and advised me to stop two or three days at a place and recruit my health all I could on the way to my regiment, and assured me that the planters he had named were clever people, SCOUT AND SPY. 45 and that I would be welcome with any of them. I thanked him and bade him a good morning, and started on the road that he had pointed out, not car- ing whether it led to Tupelo or not, if I could get away from him and his squad. As soon as the cavalry was out of sight, I made a detour through a large cotton-field to my left, and continued on until I came into a road that I supposed led direct to Grand Junction ; while in company with the cavalry, we had zigzagged through the country so much that I had become somewhat confused, and I was not sure where the road did lead to. I took it, however, and moved along as fast as possible, that I might escape the squad if by chance they should be scattered by a dash of our cavalry, and some of them should find me going toward Grand Junction instead of Tupelo. I kept a sharp look-out as I moved along, and had gone, as near as I could judge, three miles, when I was very unexpectedly interrupted in my course by a challenge of " Halt ! halt !" I was considerably alarmed, for I supposed that I must have encountered a rebel picket. On looking to see where the challenge came from, I found that it emanated from a Federal picket. A clump of bushes had prevented me from seeing him until I was close on to him. My position was clear enough now. I had taken a road to Lagrange, instead of Grand Junction, and had encountered General Hurlbut's pickets. " Ha ! ha ! my butternut soldier ! " exclaimed the guard, as I halted ; " you got caught rather unex- pectedly." 46 THE GREAT AMERICAN " I reckon I did," I replied. , " Where do you belong ?" " To the 13th Tennessee." "You've got tired soldiering on short rations, ^ suppose ? " " I reckon I a'n't starved yet." One of the pickets then took me to the Captain in command, at the reserve. There I was subjected to a rigid questioning and search, but I was determined to carry out my disguise until I could report to some commanding officer. My revolver and money, and other articles, were taken from me by the Captain, and then I was ordered to stand up by a tree until further orders. I remonstrated with the Captain about depriving me of my revolver and private prop- erty, and told him that " we always respected a pris- oner's right to his side arms and personal effects. The Captain replied that I might be glad to get off so, and if he had his way about it, he would shoot every rebel in the Southern Confederacy. AVhile standing at the tree, I observed a plantation house that stood within less than a hundred yards from me, and that it was occupied. My early start and the distance I had traveled gave me a ravenous appetite, so I asked the Captain if he would be so kind as to allow me to go to the house and get some breakfast. "Yes," said he, "you may go; but if you under- take to get away, I'll have you shot !" "I won't run away," I replied; "I did n't come in here to run away. I'll come right back as soon as I get my breakfast." SCOUT AND SPY. 47 When I got to the house, I met the man of the house at the door. lie had evidently seen ine coming, and my uniform attracted his attention. " Good morning !" said I, as he came out. " Good morning ; won't you come in ?" "Yes, I don't care if I do; and I should like right well to get some breakfast here, if you please, for I am mighty hungry." "Walk in; you shall have all the breakfast you want. Where do you belong?" "To Col. Vaughn's regiment, the 13th Tennessee." "You do?" "Yes." " Well, I belong to Colonel Strawl's regiment, the 4th Tennessee. I am a Brigade surgeon of the 2nd Brigade, which includes your regiment; my name is Biggs. What is your name ? " "My name is Rugglcs. I am a brother to General Ruggles-." "Is it possible ! I know the General very well. What are you doing up here ? " " I am going through the Yankee lines to-day, if I can." " You are ? A'n't you afraid they 'ii get you?" "No; I expect they 11 get me into the guard-house, but I '11 soon manage to get out." " Well, do the best that you can. If they do get you into the guard-house, you sh'an't want for any- thing to eat. I'll see to that myself." Breakfast was announced as ready for me, and I sat up to the table. They had got me fried ham, 48 THE GEEAT AMERICAN baked sweet potatoes, warm biscuit with butter and honey, and coffee with sugar and cream. I think the condition of my appetite enabled me to do that meal ample justice. When I had finished, I asked the doctor how much I should pay him. "Oh, Lord ! not a cent ! Do you think I 'd charge one of our soldiers for a meal of victuals ! I feel thankful that I have it to give you!" Then turning, and pointing toward the pickets, he said, "But them Yankee thieves down there I make pay me fifty cents for a meal of nothing but bread and meat !" "You 've got them rightly named, doctor," said I; "for they took my revolver and my money, and every thing else I had, away from me this morning." " You needn't be surprised at such treatment as that/' said he; "for there are officers down there that would steal the Lord's supper, and men that Avould confiscate the table-cloths ! " " You are about right, doctor ; but I see they are looking as if uneasy about me, and I must go back." "Well," said he, "if you get into trouble, I '11 do all I can for you. I have got things fixed pret ty smooth between me and the pickets, and I think I can help you carry out your plans." " Havn't you taken the oath, doctor ? " " Oh, yes ! I had to do that in order to get along smoothly." " Well, you be careful and not get yourself into any scrape by it. I would a.dvise you to say nothing, and if I get into the guard-house, you see that I get plenty to_eat, and I '11 wriggle out some way." SCOUT AND SPY. 49 I then bid him good-bye, and returned to my posi- tion by the tree. When the new pickets came out to relieve the old ones, two of the old guards took me in to the Provost-marshal. As I entered his office, I was saluted by, "Well, old hoss, who are you?" " I am an Arkansas school-master," I replied. " What do you want ?" " I want to see General Hurlbut." " What do you want of General Hurlbut ? " " I want to see him. I 've heard that he 's a very red-faced man, and I want to see for myself how he looks!" "Yes, you want to see him! You'll go to the guard-house ! " "No, I won't!" "Who are you?" " You give me those two guards and send me to General Hurlbut, and find out who I am ! " "Guards," said he, "take him off; take him down to General Hurlbut's. The guards took me to the General's quarters, and one of them went in and told the General that they had got a fellow that they had captured at the picket- line, and that he was dressed like a rebel soldier, and that the Provost-marshal could not find out who he was, and had sent him there. The General came out of the tent, and seeing who it was, said : "Ah, yes ! I know him ! Guards you can go to your quarters." "Hold on, General, " said I; "the Captain that had command of those guards took a revolver away from 4 50 THE GREAT AMERICAN me that belongs to General Force, and took my pocket- book, and every thing else I had in my pockets." "What kind of thieving and robbing will take place next! Guards, go and tell that Captain to inarch his men up here ! " In a few minutes, the Captain marched his men into the yard and formed them in a line; when that was done, " Captain," said the General, " Give that man the things that you robbed him of ! " The Captain handed out the articles, one after an- other, and last of all he handed me an old fine-tooth comb! That was too much for the equanimity of the officers and men that were looking on, and they burst into a roar of laughter. The poor Captain looked as if he would sink into the earth. "That will do," said the General, when he had handed me all; "you can dismiss your men." I told General Hurlbut the result of my trip, and he complimented me very highly upon my success, and then gave me a pass to Grand Junction. The pass saved me any further annoyance by the Federal pickets, and Dr. Biggs from the trouble of visiting the guard-house with "commissary supplies." I reported my trip to General Leggett, and, for some reason, the brigade did not vacate the place for more than two weeks after. rt SCOUT AND SPY. 51 CHAPTER V. Fired at by a citizen The sick overseer How lie was cured Pickets fired on Trip to a White Church Visits General Van Dorn Meets a rebel spy Keports to General Leggett Grand Junction evacuated Again sees the rebel spy Attempts to arrest him Drinks wine with the rebel General Jackson Discovert hole in the fence. IT was my duty, while the brigade remained at Grand Junction, to watch for any demonstrations of General Van Dorn's, Wheeler's, or Jackson's cavalry. For that purpose I used to ride out on the road run- ning east and west, that lay three miles to the south of Grand Junction. I used to scout that road for ab'out ten miles regularly every day. One morning, before going out, I called upon Captain Jacobs, Pro- vost-marshal of the post, on business. While I was there, an overseer that I had frequently seen in my scouts came in, and requested a renewal of his pass, and a permit to carry out certain articles that he wished to purchase. He had with him the oath of allegiance. As soon as my business was completed, I started out on my scout, as usual, leaving the overseer there. I made the trip out, and had returned to within a few yards of the overseer's house, when he stepped out from a fence-corner, with a squirrel-rifle in his hands, and said to me, "Are you a Yankee soldier ? " 52 THE GREAT AMERICAN "No, sir, I 'm not a Yankee soldier, I'm a Federal soldier." " What are you doing out here ? " " I 'm watching for rebel cavalry." "I'll soon stop your watching Confederate cavalry." "Are you going to shoot me ? " He said nothing, but the click of his gun, as he cocked it, said " Yes." As he was bringing it to his face, I put the spurs to my horse, and as I passed, he fired, but missed me. I went in and reported to General Leggett, who replied, " You had better look out, or some of those good Union men will kill you" He issued no order to have the man arrested ; and perhaps it would have done no good if he had, for such characters, with their oily tongues, areas slippery as eels. As a general thing, they manage to evade justice, and get released from the Federal authorities. I well knew that if the overseer was allowed to live undisturbed, my own life was in jeopardy, so I tele- graphed to General Grant, then at Jackson, Tennessee, to know what to do with such a man. His reply was, " If you are a scout for the Government, you ought to know yourself" That night I went to the 20th Ohio Infantry and got two Sergeants to assist me in bringing the over- seer to j ustice, whose real names I shall not give, but designate them as the "big Sergeant" and the "little Sergeant." Knowing that if we accomplished our purpose there would be complaints entered at head- quarters the next day, I resolved to proceed as noise- lessly about it as possible. Instead of getting the SCOUT AND SPY. 53 countersign, and thus letting it "be known that we were going out, we stole through the picket line, and nohody knew that we had left camp. It was ahout four miles to the overseer's house ; thither we proceeded. When w r e came to his yard, myself and the little Sergeant went at once to the house, and the big Sergeant went to the negro quar- ters. The overseer and his family had retired for the night. Our rap for admittance was answered by "Who is there? " My reply was, "Federal soldiers; get up and open the door^ The summons was obeyed by the overseer's wife. As we entered we heard the groans of a man as if in distress, proceeding from an adjoining room. On going into the room, I found the overseer in bed, and feigning to be labor- ing under severe pain. Approaching the bed-side, I said to him : " You. are sick, are you, old hoss ?" With great difficulty, seemingly, he answered, "Yes I'm very sick." "How long have you been sick?" "It's going on two weeks now." "You lying whelp," said the little Sergeant, unable to contain himself; "I saw you in Grand Junction this morning." " Get up, old fellow," said I, " you need a little exercise ; it will do you good to move about." " I can't gentlemen, I tell you I'm sick," (still groaning, and letting on to be in great distress.) " Yes, that wolfish-looking face of yours looks sick! Get out of that !" He commenced to rise, trembling p.ll over as if with nervous fear. " Your nerves a'n't 54 THE GREAT AMERICAN so steady as they were this morning," I added. " Indeed I am sick gentlemen." " I should think your conscience would make you tremble." Are you gwine to kill me ? " he asked, getting more and more agitated with alarm. " No, we won't kill you, but we'll give you a fur- lough to a warmer climate. I think it will improve your health?" " You will give a body time to pray won't you?" ^ " Praying won't do you any good ; you will go to the warm climate, anyhow, so, hurry on them clothes and come along with us." We then walked him out of the house ; we found that he could travel as strong as we could. As we passed out into the yard, we met the big Sergeant, accompanied by a negro who had an iron collar on his neck, with a chain fastened to it, with the other end fastened around his waist. "Here, Bunker," said the Sergeant, " see what I have found." " That chain is just exactly what I want. Bring your negro around here," said I, as I led my pris- oner around to the rear of the house, and out to the stable. There we found two crotches standing up- right, and a pole laid from one to the other. A large box was rolled out from the stable and placed under the pole, and the overseer made to get on the box. The negro had been sent to the rebel fortifications to work, and had run away. The overseer had captured SCOUT AND SPY. 55 him, and had punishsd him by putting him in irons, as described. In. the morning he would chain him to the plow, and at night release him and make the chain fast around his body. On searching the pockets of the overseer, I found the key that unlocked the chain. I then unlocked the chain from the negro, and placed it upon the overseer's neck, and made the other end fast to the pole overhead ; and having fastened the overseer's hands behind him, I said to the negro, "This man has been your overseer for a long time you may chanAabout now, and be his overseer awhile." " Lor' bress you, massa ! " he exclaimed. " Thank de Lord furdat; he's dun druv dis nigga long enuf." " Well, you drive him now." " Shall I drive him thar ? " " Yes, drive him where you please." " I reckon he won't do dat box no good standin' there," and suiting the action to the word, he jerked the box from uwder him, leaving him suspended by the neck; adding, "Now, I specs he'll drive hisself. I 'se more important business to 'tend to." The overseer being in a fair way to have his "fur- lough approved," we returned to camp by the samo way that we went OUT. The next morning, early, the wife came in with a complaint to the Provost- marshal that a party of Federal soldiers had been to her house the night before, and had taken her sick husband out of bed and had hung him, and begged for protection from further outrage. The Provost-marshal said to her, " I do n't believe 5G THE GREAT AMERICAN a word of it ; for no soldiers have been permitted to go through our lines during the night. Perhaps you had a husband and perhaps not. I advise you to go back about your business and not be in here blaming Federal soldiers with that which they have never done." During the day a forage party, on its return to camp, visited the plantation and brought away sixty contrabands, and among them was the one that we had liberated from his chains. The overseer was dead, but had been taMfci down and carried into the house. On his arrival rn camp, the negro reported that the Yankees had made him hang his master. Outside of the lines it was generally believed that the Yankees had done it, but the soldiers generally believed that the negroes on the plantation had done it. It was never suspected that I had had a hand in it, " My personal safety as a scout demanded that he should be disposed of," is all the excuse that I have to offer. I continued to scout the road for several days after, but met with no further interruption. Early in the month of July, the first train of cars that was to run through 'from Memphis to Grand Junction started out, and, when only a short distance from Memphis, was captured, and the railroad badly destroyed. Sergeant Wilson and the Colonel of the oCth Ohio escaped, but were pursued by blood-hounds and recaptured. Owing to the difficulty of protecting the road from the raids of the enemy, the opening of it was aban- doned for a time, and the roads from Columbus, Ky., SCOUT AND SPY. 57' to Grand Junction and Corinth were relied upon for the transportation of supplies. When the opening of the road was abandoned, the forces at Lagrange, under command of General Hurlbut, moved to Mem- phis, which left the small brigade at Grand Junction without any troops for support nearer than Bolivar, a distance of twenty miles. The exposed position of so small a force undoubtedly emboldened the enemy in their plans for capturing the post. As I have explained in the proceeding chapter, the abun- dance of cotton and forage ^^s an object to hold the place as long as the safety of the force would admit. After General Hurlbut' s forces left Lagrange, our pickets were frequently fired upon, and small squads of cavalry were seen,. indicating a boldness on the part of the enemy indicative of a strong force not far off. It was under that state of affairs that General Leggett requested me to go out as a spy, and learn the position and force of the enemy. On this occasion I rode out on a mule, disguised as a rebel soldier, taking the road that led to the White Church. Soon after passing our own pickets, I saw several squads of rebel cavalry, but at some distance from me, but none of them interrupted me. Just after I had crossed Wolf River, I discovered the rebel pickets; how I was to pass them was more than I knew.. I resolved, however, to go on and try the effect of a bold front. With as much unconcern and freedom as though I was one of their number, and perfectly at home, I rode up, and without halt- 58 THE GREAT AMERICAN ing or showing that I expected to be halted, I said, "Good morning, boys ! have our forces all got up yet? " " Yes," said one ; " where have you been ?" " Out to the Yankee lines by the old cotton- gin near Grand Junction," I replied, still riding along. By this time I had got clear by, without any at- tempt being made to stop me. At the White Church I came to the rebel camp ; there I dismounted and inquired of a soldier for head-quarters. " Whose " Genera^^ T an Dorn's ? " was asked. " Yes," I replied. He then showed me to General Van Dorn's tent. I had supposed that if I found much of a force it would be that of General Van Dorn. I proceeded to the tent that had been pointed out. In front of it was the usual head-quarters guard. Saluting him, I in- quired if General Van Dorn was in, and was an- swered in the affirmative. The moment I enteied, I saw two Generals. One I instantly recognized as the Confederate General Wheeler ; I had known him in Memphis before the war. Without speaking to him, I turned to the other and addressed him ; I said, " General, I wish to get a pass, if you please, to go outside of the lines." " Who are you ? " the General inquired. " My name is Ruggles." " General Van Dorn," said General Wheeler, "dont you know him ? He is a brother of General Rug- gles, and belongs to the 2d Arkansas Cavalry." "Ah! Indeed!" SCOUT AND SPY. 59 " Yes, and I want to go out to the Yankee lines and see what they are doing out there." " I wish you would, Ruggles," said Van Dorn, " and see if the Yankees have obstructed the Grand Junction and Salem road with timber. That's the road that I want to take a part of my forces on in the morning." General Van Dorn instructed his Adjutant to write me a pass, which I received, and then went out and mounted my mule. "That's the road I want to take a part of my forces on in thmnorning! " was some- thing that needed my immediate attention. I rode leisurely through the camp. Every thing was bustle and activity preparatory to a move, and confirmed what I had heard at head-quarters. As near as I could judge, the camp contained 9,000 or 10,000 men. Having satisfied myself of the probable force of the enemy, I started back on the road I came in on. I stopped at the pickets and showed my pass, and then went on. After I had crossed Wolf River, I made a detour across the country to the right, in order to p;et on to the Grand Junction and Salem road, as General Van Dorn had directed me, so that if by any mishap I should be captured and sent to head-quar- ters, I could show that I was captured right were I had been sent. About five miles from the White Church, I dis- mounted at a large beautiful spring of water, to drink and rest myself. While there, a cavalryman rode up and halted for the same purpose; I immedi- ately recognized him as having been one of the squad 60 THE GREAT AMERICAN I had fallen in with and accompanied so far in my former trip. He rode a Texan pony, with a peculiarly constructed saddle, that I could not mistake as hav- ing seen hefore. "Where have you been ? " I inquired, as he stopped. " I 've been up to the Yankee lines." " You must be a scout, then." " Yes, I am a spy ; where do you belong ? " " I belong to the Yankees! " I replied, placing my hand on my revolver, as if to draw it. My movements agit^ed him. Raising his hands in a supplicating attidude, as if he thought I meant to kill him, he said, "D do'nt shoot! hold hold on ! do n't lets you and I quarrel ; let us help each other, since we are both in the same business." " Very well ! just as you say about that." " You played off the spy pretty well the other day when you was with us," he continued, somewhat composed. " Yes, I did well enough for that time ; but I am in a hurry this time, so you and I must make short visits." At that, we both mounted and started in opposite directions, eyeing each other, with revolvers drawn, until out of sight. I might have shot him at the time ne thought I intended to do it, but I did not think my own safety would admit of it. At 5 o'clock that afternoon I arrived at General Leggatt's head-quarters, and reported what I had learned, and before daylight the next morning the brigade was on its way to Bolovar, and it had not SCOUT AND SPY. 61 been gone an hour until General Van Dorivs forces were in possession of the place. Shortly after our arrival at Bolivar, I was in town, accompanied by Sergeant Wonders, of the 20th Ohio. Hitched in front of one of the stores was the same little Texan pony and peculiar saddle that I had seen twice before. I knew that I could not be mistaken in them. I did not like the idea of his running at large. An encounter with him in the enemy's camp would prove fatal, so I resolved to find him and have him arrested. After searching for some time, without success, I returned to where I had seen the pony, and found that it was gone. From a soldier I learned that somebody had ridden the pony out toward the depot. I followed after, and when about half way to the depot, I saw the pony coming. I sent the Ser- geant back and told him to see where the man went, and I would join him after awhile. Just before we met, he halted and commenced to fasten his pony. Stepping up to him and speaking very low, I said, " Hallo, old fellow ! are you in here ? ' " Yes," he said, trembling from head to foot. " Never mind, you need n't be afraid. It 's all right," I added in a confidential way, "you need not be afraid of me; I am in a great hurry this morning, so you must excuse me." Without further word.-j I walked on rapidly, as though I cared nothing about him. As soon as oat of sight, I made my way around to the office of the Provost-marshal. There I was joined by the Sergeant, who remained outside to watch. On entering his office, I found him asleep on a cot. 62 THE GREAT AMERICAN I woke him up and told him the circumstances aoout the spy, and that I wanted some guards to capture him. By the time I had finished telling him, he was fast asleep. I again woke him up, and commenced to tell what I wanted, when he said : DO you know the man? " "Yes! I know the man!" " Do you know the ho.*s ? " 'Yes! I know the horse and I know the saddle." " W-a-1 a-1-1 r-i-g-h-t ! " By this time he w*; again fast asleep. I tried again to wake him, hut with no better success. I do not say that he was drunk, but I do say that he acted just as our Orderly Sergeant does when he is drunk. The result was, the spy escaped, and I have never seen him since. As we were passing along by Adams & Brother's store, a few hours after, the door chanced to be open, and we observed that the room was occupied by many citizens, engaged in a spirited conversation, and so we dropped in to see what was going on. One of the persons present I knew to be Brigadier-General Neely, of the Confederate army, who had been cap- tured by the Federal troops when they first took pos- session of the place, and he was on parole of honor within the limits of the town. When we first entered, the conversation stopped, but it was soon gradually resumed. A great deal was said about the Yankees stealing corn, cotton, and niggers, and they complained that it was ruin- ing many of the planters. I listened a few minutes, SCOUT A.XI) SPY. G3 and then addressing my sell' to General Neely, said : " Gentlemen, so far as I am concerned, I have never yet stolen a cent's worth of property since I have been in the Federal army, and if I had known that a United States soldier had got to steal corn, cotton, and niggers from the citizens of the South, I would never have enlisted." " Nor I either/' said the Sergeant, " I did'nt think when I enlisted that this was going to he made a nigger war ! " ' For my part," I continued, " I'm getting tired of fighting for niggers, and if I wasn't afraid they would hang me for a spy, I'd go and join Billy Jackson's cavalry." " And so would I," said the Sergeant ; " I think I'd like the Southern people very much. I have often heard " Bunker " talk about them ; he used to live in the South." " Yes, I did, indeed ! and I'm almost ashamed to be fighting against them. I used to live in Miss- issippi, and I have spent several years in Arkansas and Tennessee. I am well acquainted in Memphis. General, do you know Jim Ford and Charlie Ford, of Memphis ? " " Yes, I know them very well ; they are whole- sale dealers in produce. I get my supply of pork from them every year." He then motioned to me and the Sergeant and one of the citizens in the room, wh'o had been listen- ing with a good deal of interest to our conversation, to accompany him into a back room, which we did. 64 THE GREAT AMERICAN He then called for two bottles of wine, and asked us to drink with him, which we were not in the least backward about doing. The citizen then said that he had not time to stay longer, and, shaking hands with us, bade us good-by and Avent out. "General," said I, when the citizen had gone ' do you know where Billy Jackson is ? " " Yes ! He's not far off; if you want to join his cavalry you would have no trouble in getting to him." " If I wa'n't afraid General Jackson would get me and hang me for a spy, I'd run away, and so would this Sergeant, and we'd join his cavalry." "There is no danger of that," said the General, for that was GencralJackson that drank the wine ivitli w.s, and has just left. He heard all you said about joining his cavalry. If you want to go, boys, you will have no trouble in doing so." " Well, General," said I, " since you are acquainted with General Jackson, can't you give us a pass that will make us all safe after we get out of the Yankee lines?" ' : I'm on parole of honor," he replied, " and I have no right to do that." " There would be no harm in it ; the Y T ankee,s would never find it out." Pulling out my wallet, I said, "General, how much did you pay for that wine ? We must have another bottle not at your expense, but mine. It's my treat this time. "Oh, no! no, no!" said the General, "I'll par for the wins ! Mr. Adams, bring us another bottle. SCOUT AND SPY. 05 Boys, you come over to-morrow and I '11 have your passes fixed out for you ! " I assured him that we would, and, having drank the wine, we left and returned to camp, considerably elated with our adventure. Unfortunately, Billy Jackson and the spy both got away. The only good that I could then do was to find the "hole in the fence" where they had gone out, and prevent a repetition of it. I knew that Mrs. Dr. Coleman was a daughter of General Neely, and I thought that she, probably, knew where Jackson and his spy went out through our lines. I had been there a number of times, and had become considerably acquainted, and Mrs. Cole- man had not yet found out, that I belonged to the Federal army. Doctor Coleman was a practising physician, and was absent from home the most of the time, visiting his patients. The next morning I went over to see her. After we had conversed awhile, I said to her, " Melia, did you see Billy Jackson in town yesterday? " "Yes, did you?" "Yes, I saw him, but I was wondering how in the world he managed to get out; the Yankees are getting mighty particular who they pass out." " Why, I can tell you ; he went right through our corn-field, and out at the water-gulch underthe fence." " Yes, yes; I do remember that place now; that 's a good place to go out. By the way, how does the doctor like the Yankees being so strict? " "He don't like it at all; he had to go and take 66 THE GREAT AMERICAN the oath before they would give him a pass to visit his patients." "Did he?" " Yes; and I never felt so bad about any thing in my life as I did about that. The nasty, dirty thieves! I perfectly hate the sight of them. I assure you tho Doctor don't consider himself bound byit; no, indeed!" She was very indignant to think that her husband had been compelled to ta-ke the oath. From there I went to see her father, General Neely, who gave me the pass that he had promised me the day before. Thus prepared, I went to head-quarters and reported. That day Doctor Coleman's corn was all cut down, so that the pickets had a fair view of the ground, without changing the line, and General Neely was sent North for a violation of his parole. I fix ll SCOUT AND SPY, 67 CHAPTER VI. The value of the Oath Attempt to take "Bunker's" life Sent to Grand Junction The hazardous ride The Countersign The Chase Unfortunate occurrence The chase abandoned Meets with guerril- las They invite him to drink Renewed vigilance The battle of Middleburg. The troops stationed at Bolivar, Tennessee, at the time of the evacuation of Grand Junction, were under the command of Brigadier-General L. F. Ross, and my next labors in the secret service of the United States was under his orders and instructions. I made frequent expeditions from Bolivar, but many of them were so similar in their events that I shall not undertake to give a narrative of all of them. Those expeditions elicited the fact, however, that nearly all of the citizens of that part of Tennessee, in the face of the military occupation of the country, professed loyalty to the Federal Government, and to give their pretensions the color of reality, and secure the privileges to be obtained from the military au- thorities, had taken the oath of allegiance. Every trip that I made in the disguise of a Con- federate soldier, revealed to me Confederate wolves clad in Union garments On one occasion, I had been sent for, and was in the act of receiving my 68 TEE GREAT AMERICAN instructions from the Adjutant in regard to a trip that I was required to make, where an old gray- headed citizen was sitting, who had called in to pro- cure some military favor. The Adjutant, not suppos- ing what he had to communicate to me would give the citizen any clue to the plans I was about to carry out, gave his instructions in his presence. I observed that he paid more than usual attention to what was said, 'and, from the expression of his countenance, I suspected that he comprehended the move that I was about to make. I became so impressed with the idea that the old man meant me evil, that after I had left and he had taken his departure, I went back and ob- tained permission to take a squad of men with me. I made the trip in the night. My route was on a road that passed the old man's house. I came upon two men by the roadside, evidently watching for somebody to pass. As soon as they discovered that a squad of men, instead of a single man, was ap- proaching, they fled without waiting for me to come up. Had the old man succeeded, it would have been my last scout. I ascertained from the colored people on the place that the two men were the old man and his son, and that they were watching to kill a Yankee spy that they expected would pass that night. When General Van Dorn gave up the pursuit after General Leggett's brigade, ho fell back with his command to Coldwater and Holly Springs, Missis- sippi, and for a few weeks every thing remained quiet. SCOUT AND SPY. 69 Toward the latter part of August rumor became prevalent that an attack was intended against the forces garrisoning Bolivar, which rendered it neces- sary to watch closely. On the night of August 27th, General Hoss told me that he had heard that a force of the enemy had again got as far north as Grand Junction, and wished me to ride down that night and find the enemy's pickets if they were north of the Junction ; if not, to go on to the Junction and then return. I started at 9 o'clock. The weather was warm, hut the night was extremely dark, which rendered the undertaking unpleasant and hazardous. It was impossible to distinguish objects at a distance, and needed the utmost precaution to prevent running into the pickets before I was aware of their presence. After having arrived within three miles of Grand Junction, the ride became more dangerous than be- fore. Knowing that my safety required increased vigilance, I slackened my pace to a very slow walk, peering forward into the dark distance with all the powers of iny vision, hoping if there were any pickets I might be able to see them in time to escape. In that manner I felt my way along in suspense, until within three-quarters of a mile of Grand Junc- tion. Here a single sentry stepped out in the mid- night darkness, not more than 20 feet ahead of my mule, and challenged : " Halt ! who comes there ? " I had got too close to venture an escape by running, and I resolved to make the best use of my position 70 THE GREAT AMERICAN that the circumstances would permit, and take my chance for the result. "A friend, with a countersign," I replied, at the same time drawing my revolver and hanging it down by iny side. 'Advance one, with the countersign ! " said the sentry " There a'n't but one yere," said I ; " my mule is so ugly that I don't like to dismount, and so skittish that I don't know as I can advance ; " and at the same time I pretended to urge my mule forward to the sentry, who stood with his piece at "arms port," "Bring your piece to an 'order,' said I, "if you please, so that I can get my mule up without dismounting.'' He brought his piece to an order, and as the mule moved onward, he stepped one foot forward and leaned toward me to receive the countersign. I leaned forward, and, thrusting my revolver to his breast, gave him my countersign. I presume the countersign was correct. I did not wait to observe the effect of the report of my revolver upon his sleeping comrades but, put- ting spurs to my mule, I dashed back toward Bolivar. On did I press my mule at the top of his speed, fairly flying over the ground until I reached Van Buren. As I was passing old Billy Moore's house, his dogs sprang at my mule, from the side of the road, with an infernal yelp, and the next instant I lay sprawling in the road stunned from the shock of the fall. I sprang up, alarmed for my safety. My mule had stopped when I fell, and stood facing me, only a few SCOUT AND SPY. 71 feet from where I lay. I managed, however, to mount my mule and go on. A .short distance from Van Buren, I came to a cross-road that led to Snow's Mills. There I halted, thinking that, perhaps, 1he same dogs that had done me an evil turn, by barking at me, would do me a good one by barking at my pursuers, if any there were. I had waited but a few minutes when they com- menced to bark, and in an instant more I could hear the tramp of horses approaching. I again dashed ahead towards Bolivar, about three-quarters of a mile to Spring Creek. I crossed to the opposite side and there halted, and listened for the splash of the water as my pursuers came up, but none came. At the cross-road, not knowing which road I had taken, they abandoned the pursuit. Feeling satisfied of this, I moved on leisurely toward Bolivar. At daylight I reached Mr. Dicken's plantation, which is within five miles of Bolivar. I had called there several times, and had become considerably acquainted with the family. Being sore from my bruises, and much fatigued and hungry from my night's ride, I concluded to give them a call. As I rode up I observed three strange horses feeding in one of the out-sheds. My rap at the door was re- sponded to by Mrs. Dickens, who received me with a hearty welcome ". and Mr. Dickens was equally glad to see me. I had, on a former occasion, intro- duced myself as a citizen of Tennessee, living in Memphis. My mule was cared for by one of the 72 THE GREAT AMERICAN servants, and in a few minutes we were engaged in a free and easy conversation about the news from our army ; and likewise we congratulated each other upon the future success of the Confederate cause. The Lincoln tyranny also came in for its share ol discussion. While thus engaged, three strangers entered, without rapping, to whom I was introduced as one of " our folks" from Memphis. I soon learned that they had been there all night. . Shortly after the three men entered, one of them said that he had something to drink in another room, and proposed that we retire by ourselves and " take a smile." So we men folks all repaired to the other room, where we indulged pretty freely. It was not long until the conversation of my new acquaintances flowed as freely as their liquor had done, and I learned from it that they were guerrillas, who had stopped to spend the night on their way to Middleburg, to attend a jollification to come off that day. By this time breakfast was announced, and we repaired to the table. I have rarely eaten a meal that relished better, though it was only a plain one. When breakfast was over, my guerrilla acquaint- ances invited, and even urged me to accompany them ; but I declined, stating as a reason that I had business of great importance, the nature of which I was not at liberty to divulge, and that several 01 our most reliable friends were waiting in anticipation of my arrival at the house of Dr. Coleman, in Boli- var. My mule was got ready, and, having bid them farewell, I resumed my ride back to camp. SCOUT AND SPY. 73 Two days after, I accompanied an expedition to Middieburg to capture the guerrillas, but without success. My report at head-quarters caused an in- * crease in vigilance on the part of scouts and pickets. On the 31st of August, the enemy, 6,000 strong, was found to be advancing in the vicinity of Middieburg. General Leggett, with less than one thousand men, mostly from the 20th and 78th Ohio regiments of infantry, met them there, and a desperate fight en- sued, in which our loss was trifling and that of the enemy severe. He was so badly punished, that he withdrew his forces. 74 THE GREAT AXIi:r.ICAN CHAPTER VII. Attempts to visit the enemy's camp Learns the strength and position of the enemy Return intercepted Peril ious situation Loses his mulo Frightened by men of his own regiment The plan to capture the enemy The negro's report The forces discovered Disposes of a rebel picket Reports his discovery. the fight in the vicinity of Middleburg, a part of the enemy went into camp between the battle- ground and Van Buren. Soon after, General Leggett requested me to visit the enemy's camp and learn his force, and whether he had any artillery. He gave me a pass to go out, in the presence of the field-officer of the day, who said that no passes were being issued at division head-quarters, and objected to my going. General Leggett told the officer that I was a privileged character, and that he would take the responsibility of passing me out, but that he would give passes to no others. Dressed like a citizen, and mounted on a mule, I went out and made my way to the rebel picket line, where I tried to pass in, but was informed by the pickets that they had orders forbidding them to pass citizens in or out. I passed along the line to other posts, but found that they all had the same orders. I made myself quite familiar with the pickets, and SCOUT AND SPY. 75 those not on duty did not hesitate to enter into con- versation with me, by means of which I learned that the forces consisted of three regiments of cavalry, and that there was no artillery. Having gathered up what information I could, I went to visit the battle-field, and while there I came across a young man who was on his way from Sauls- bury to Soinerville, and had met with the same diffi- culty I had encountered in getting through the lines, and, in order to continue his journey, he had made a detour round the lines. My own observations with his gave me a correct knowledge of the rebel lines on three sides, and also the position of the rebel camp. After completing my visit to the battle-ground, I returned toward Bolivar. On my way out to the rebel lines, I had seen and conversed with an old man, a Mr. Knight, who lived about three miles from Bolivar. As I approached his house, on my return, and when within one hundred yards of it, I saw in his front yard two persons dressed like rebel soldiers, who had squirrel rifles. The moment they saw me, they brought their pieces to a ready, as if preparing to fire. I remembered distinctly that General Leggett had said that he would pass nobody else out; besides, I was a little suspicious of the old man Knight's loyalty ; so I very naturally concluded that he, knowing that I had gone out, had procured two sol- diers to watch for me as I returned. I immediately wheeled my mule about and re- treated behind a rise of ground, and then turned to my left into a corn-field. I dashed ahead about three 76 THE GREAT AMERICAN hundred yards, when I discovered a company of rebel cavalry coming in a line toward me. I turned to my left again, and was dashing ahead toward Bolivar, when I unexpectedly encountered a deep water-gulch that was impassable to my mule. In my flight through the corn, I had already lost my hat. There I was, surrounded, with the enemy to my right, left, and rear, and a frightful ditch in front of me; it was no time for hesitation. I jumped off from my mule and left it, and clambering down into the ditch and out on the other side, ran to Bolivar as fast as I could go, bare-headed. I made my way into camp, and procured a detach- ment of men and returned, hoping to find my mule, but did not succeed. I learned however, that the two men that had caused my fright were Daniel Harris and Columbus Johnson, of my own regiment They had been permitted to visitthe battle-ground, although Gen. Leggett had pledged to the officer of the day that he would pass no one out but me. On my return, I reported the force and position of the enemy, and also a plan for its capture. So well pleased was General Leggett with my plan, that he sent me with it to General Crocker, who was then commanding the post, during a temporary absence of General Ross. The position of the enemy was as follows : Five miles from Bolivar, on the road leading south to Van Buren, the road forks ; the right-hand road leads to Middleburg, a distance of two miles. On the left-hand road, at a distance of two miles from SCCU1 AND SPY. 77 the ftik, is a cross-road, called " Wash. Newbern's road," leading into the right-hand road at Middle- burg. The tbrco roads- inclose a section of country in shape like a regular triangle. We will call the Wash Newbern road the base, and the right and left- hand loads the sides of the triangle; Wash. New- lun's house stands on the south side of the road constituting the base, and about three hundred yards from the left hand road. On a line parallel with the base, and thiee hundred yards south of it, was* the rebel camp. Two of the regiments were on the west side of the left-hand load, and one on the east side ; the regiment occupying the left of the enemy's line was directly south of Newbern's house. In front of this house, north of the road, is a pasture-field ex- tending north to the road leading from the fork to Middleburg; the fence along the road in front of Newbern's was thrown down. The pasture field is narrow at each end, but in the center it is much ttider, making the space inthe center diamond-shaped. At the corner of the cross-road, near the rebel-camp, was the reserve pickets, and about one hundred yards north of the reserve was the advance post. On the west srde of the pasture-he! t! was a large corn-field, and on the east side a piece of woods. My plan to capture the enemy was to take four regiments of infantry, and place two regiments on each side of the triangle space in the field, in the morning before daylight, and have them lay down in the coin-field and* woods, so as to be out of siirht. Then, at daylight, with what was known as the 78 THE GREAT AMERICAN " mule cavalry." (infantry mounted on mules.) num. bemig one hundred men, make a dash on the reserve pickets and drive them in ; then turn down the Wash. Newbern road, and, when in front of Newbern's house, break into confusion and disorder, and with whoops and shouts of defiance, start leismely down through the pasture. The enemy 'would naturally mount their horses and give chase, and, when once within the lines of the infantry, they would suddenly rise up. raise a shout, and close in each flank, and have them bagged. General Crocker thought my plan would work, but being only temporarily in command, did not like to assume the lesponsibility of executing it, and. so it was abandoned. The " mule cavalry " above alluded to was organ- ized to facilitate scouting, and watch more closely the movements of the enemy, and to check the de- predations of the guerillas that infested the country. It was composed of men from the infantry, selected for their daring and gallantry. On account of the thorough knowledge that I had obtained of the country, I was generally sent, out with them, to guide them in their scouts. Not a great while after the Ibregoinjr adventure, as the ' mule cavalry Jl 'was going out on the road leading south from Bolivar, I accompanied them on n,y own responsibility. After we had got] outside of the lines a short distance. I left the muje cavalry and took across the^fields to the left, to Mr., Bill's plantation.. I had got into a cotton- neldjpjijiis pian- SCOUT AND SPY. ' 79 tation, and was riding leisurely along, when one of the negroes, who was picking cotton a short distance to my right, caired out, "Hallo, dar, Mr. Bimker! yon come dis way." I obeyed, and rode out to see what the darkey wanted. " Mr. Bunker, hab we got forces down dar in de bottom ? " " No, we have n't got any forces there." " Wai, dar's forces down in dar : for de horns souns down in dar reg'lar ebery inornin', ebery noon, an* ebery night, an' dar mils' be forces down dar." "It must be rebel forces, then; probably rebel cavalry." " Oh, Lord ! Mr. Bunker, do n't talk dat ar way, for "Two years and a half have already passed since the first shot was fired at that star-spangled banner by the hands of traitors who had been reared under its protecting folds. "During that period, thousands of patriotic hearts, that beat with love for their country, have ceased their pulsations in the noble effort to crush the traitorous arm that was raised against the most glorious struc- ture of human liberty. "Fathers and mothers, brothers and sisters, wives and sweethearts have mourned the loss of the noble fallen. " Some of the heroes of this war have dragged out a lingering, distressing existence by disease, breath- ing the hero's prayer as they closed their eyes in death. Others have died amid the clash of arms and the din of battle ; others, smitten down by the hand of the foe, have spent days of horrible agony, with- out food, water, or shelter, and then died, glorious martyrs of liberty, on the field where they fell. "Still the war continues, and the distant boom of cannon announces that more martyrs are being sac- rificed, and other hearts are being broken. SCOUT AND SPY. 297 "The page of history will never reveal the anguish and suffering caused by this unholy rebellion. "The fond father and mother, who have invoked the blessing of Heaven upon their heroic son, as he was about to leave them to encounter the hardships, privations, and sufferings of the warrior, will never know the sufferings which that loved one has endured ; nor will the loved one know the intense anxiety and the agony of the broken hearts of those aged parents, until they meet in the blissful bowers of a patriot and hero. " No pen can ever portray the sighs and anguish of the devoted wife and tender children, whose husband and father, their solace and support, has been smitten down by the hand of the foe. "It has been my lot and pleasure to be a comrade and a sharer with those that have thus freely suffered and bled to perpetuate the blessings of liberty ; and I can testify that there has been no hardship so great, no suffering so intense, no death so horrible as to ef- face the calm smiles of satisfaction and love from the face of the war-wrinkled hero, as he closed his eyes in death, with his last lingering look upon the flag of his country. "Notwithstanding the many narrow escapes and perilous adventures and sufferings that I have expe- rienced, from long marches and from sickness, and from exposure to the weather by sleeping upon the ground, unsheltered by blanket or cover, during my travels as a scout ; and, notwithstanding the dangers I have experienced upon the field of battle, amid the '3* 298 THE GREAT AMERICAN roar of musketry and the crash of artillery, and the groans of my mangled comrades, wounded and dying, as they lay weltering in pools of blood, I prize my country no less than I did two years and a half ago, and my heart beats with the same patriotism that first prompted me to raise my arm in defence of the Union. " So long as an armed traitor shall be found in re- bellion against the government, I shall continue my career as a soldier. I cannot leave the field until this rebellion is crushed. "The spirits of my fallen comrades are hovering about me, and beckoning me on to avenge their suf- ferings and our insulted flag ; and it seems to me their mouldering bodies would turn over in disgust in the graves that inclose them, were I to leave the lau- rels that we have so gallantly won to the uncertainty of strange hands. Come, then, to the rescue ! "Your fathers and mothers, your wives and sweet- hearts, and all your loved ones at home, will cheer you on in the noble course. Their thanksgivings and prayers are already encircling the throne of God in your behalf ; and when you return to your homes, their kind hands will place garlands of flowers upon your heads as crowns of glory that you have won. Cast your eyes upon the sacred emblem of our coun- try to the flag which you have followed to the field of blood, and around which you have rallied in the din of battle, and beneath which your brave comrades have fallen, and remember the glorious victories that you have won, and that a nation's gratitude is yours. SCOUT AND SPY. 299 " March bravely on, as you have already done, winning victory after victory, and but a few months more will elapse till you have planted the stars and stripes in every nook and corner of the rebellious States. i; Then will peace, happiness, and prosperity shed their effulgent rays over all the land, and you will re- turn to your homes, enshrouded with glory, to meet the warm embrace of friends, knowing that you have a country, and that a free country/' 300 THE GREAT AMERICAN CHAPTER XXYI. Frightened by a dead Colonel Burns Confederate corn in face of the enemy Gets into a tight place A frightened Major Captures infor- mationA headstrong Captain gobbled up Captures a rebel Provost- marshal General Encounter with General Ross' s cavalry A strange adventure Races with a rebel Colonel A hard-hearted woman. THE next service that I performed was in the month of February, 1864. It was in that month that General Sherman made what is known as the " Meri- dian raid." I accompanied the expedition. The second day out from Yicksburg, General McPherson sent me to watch the movements of Wirt Adams, who was hovering about our right flank with 1,500 caval- ry. I found a movement in progress to attack the ordnance and supply train, which I reported in time to prevent ; it was handsomely effected by the llth Illinois Cavalry. At night the army halted at Bear Creek. There an incident occurred that I can never for- get. I expected to go home with my regiment on veteran furlough as soon as the campaign that we were then on was completed. I had felt desirous of procuring a complete Confederate colonel's uniform to take home with me. I had already secured every- thing except a coat. When I had completed my day's ride, and secured my horse for the night, it was nine o'clock Passing along the line to find Sergeant SCOUT AND SPY. 301 Downs, I met a soldier, who said, " Bunker, didn't I hear you say that you wanted a rebel colonel's coat ?" "Yes." "There was a rebel colonel killed on the skirmish line in front to-day." " Was there ! Where is he ?" "Go up to the ditch yonder, to the left, till you come to the end of it ; then take a hollow that leads away to your left. The first body that you come to is a dead private ; the next is that of a colonel." The night was very dark, but my desires to obtain the coat were so strong that they overcame all fear, so I started out. I found the hollow described with less difficulty than I had expected. Coming to the dead private, I said, "Good-evening, Johnnie ! you'll get cold there, won't you?" A few steps further brought me to another body. " Good-evening, Colo- nel !" said I. He made no reply. I continued : " You are going down below, where it is warm, and when we get back from this raid I am going up north, where it is cold ; you have got a good coat and I want it. Since it is so warm down where you are going that you don't need it, what objection can you have to my taking it ?" The colonel made no reply. " Well, colonel, they say silence gives consent, so I guess I'll take it." He lay on his back, with his feet crossed, and one arm lying across his breast. His boots were already gone. Taking hold of his arm and raising it up, I 302 THE GRE.AT AMERICAN found that it was limber. Said I, " You haven't had your furlough long, have you, Colonel?" He made no reply. I set the body up, and got down upon my knees in front of it, and commenced to take off the coat. A gasp and a convulsive spring forward brought the colonel's open mouth suddenly against my face. Unearthly horror seized me ; with one bound I was on my feet, and the next thing that I knew I was in camp. To say that I was frightened is no description of my feelings. Had a demon from the infernal regions placed his gnashing jaws against my face, I could not have been more horrified. I covered myself in my blankets, and cold tremors crept over me for hours after. Every attempt to court sleep would force through my mind a vivid rec- ollection of every mean thing that I had ever done, followed by all the stories of ghosts and hobgoblins that I had ever heard. I have had no desire since to obtain a rebel colonel's coat. The next morning the march was resumed. Noth- ing of particular interest occurred, save the usual skirmishing, foraging, and burning consequent upon such expeditions, for several days. After we had crossed Pearl Eiver, I was kept constantly on the flanks, scouting. I usually had a squad of men with me. At Jonesboro I was sent out on the left flank, with a squad of eight men. A few miles out from Jonesboro, the road leading to Hillsboro forks. The straight and most direct road leads through seven miles of swamp, and is known as the "lower road." The right-hand road leads to the south, around the SCOUT AND SPY. 303 swamp, and is called the "upper road." The latter was the one taken by the army in its route to Hills- boro. When I left the troops in the morning, I did not know that there was more than one road leading to that place. The consequence was, I kept to the left of the lower road, which carried me entirely too far from the main force of the army for safety. After travelling about eight miles, we came to a ^cross-road. Our course, thus .far, had not been con- fined to any road, but lay across the fields. As we came to the cross-road we emerged from a piece of woodland. Half a mile beyond us was a double log- house and several large rail-pens, which we saw was filled with Confederate corn. Three hundred yards to the left of the corn we discovered a camp of two regiments of rebel cavalry. These we tried to clear, by filing to the right and keeping along in the timber to the west of the road. Less than a hundred yards brought us to a small stream of water, whose banks were lined with a dense growth of alders. The stream, after crossing the road, made its way along to within fifty yards of the corn-crib. Taking advan- tage of the cover afforded by the alders, one of my party, James E. Bader, waded down the shallow stream until opposite the cribs, and then, under cover of the cribs, made his way to them and set them on fire, and then retraced his steps. Two miles further south, we came to a planter's house, where I found a table spread for eighteen per- sons, and fried sausage figured extensively in the meal, which was then nearly prepared. 304 TOE GREAT AMERICAN "You've got the table set for some Johnnies, I reckon," said I to the planter. " No, sir ; for none but our own family." "I reckon you have ; I'll go out and stand picket while my men come in and confiscate the meal." As I was about to step behind an ash-house that stood in the yard, the old man, who had followed me out, stepped up to me and begged of me not to go there. Said he, " If you do you will surely get shot." " You want to frighten the men away from that sausage," said I, still determined to go there. "No," said he, "I have never seen a man shot, and I don't want to see you shot in my own yard ; you will certainly get shot if you go there. If you want to stand picket at all, go up into my garret and watch from the window.". The old man turned so pale and looked so much in earnest, that I concluded to take his advice. In- stead of going into the front door I went round to the back door : both doors were open. In the front end of the hall sat the planter's daughter, waving a white handkerchief, and in the field beyond, not more than three hundred yards distant, I saw a line of Johnnies coming, hiding their approach as much as they could by intervening objects. I said to the boys, " Grab the sausage, kick over the table, and be off, for the rebs are on us." We took to the trees, when quite a live- ly skirmish ensued, which lasted for several minutes. The rebs then took to their horses, evidently bent on intercepting our retreat on the cross-road. As soon as they were out of sight, we started across the fields SCOUT AND SPY. 305 in their roar, and bent our course for the " lower Hillsboro" road, which proved to be about a mile distant. There were eighteen of the rebs, and they had evidently been watching the "lower road" for forage parties. We had been coming up in their rear until we stopped to confiscate the sausage. On reaching the road, I found that the troops had not passed that way, and consequently must have taken some other. The fact now flashed upon my mind that we were much further from our command than we had any idea of. There was a brick church at the corner of the road. I got the boys into that as quick as possible, and ordered them to knock out the windows. While they were preparing for defence, I .stood in the road and watched. While the boys were getting ready, a lieutenant and a private of the Federal Signal Corps came up, each armed with revolvers, and soon after several infantry soldiers, that had strayed away from their commands, came in sight. I hurried them up, and had hardly got them into the church when a par- ty of rebs made their appearance. We opened on them lively, and killed two of their number and wounded others, which caused them to clear out and leave us. I knew it would not do to stay there long, so we "lit out" to find the army, taking the cross-road to the south. Being mounted, I rode on ahead, until I came to the upper road. The 16th Corps had just passed, and the 17th was just coming into sight. In a few minutes General McPherson and staff came up, and wanted to know what the firing was about. I re- 30 G THE GREAT AMERICAN ported the situation of affairs. Just then two of my squad, who had brought up the rear at a distance of three hundred yards behind the rest, came up on the run, with information that two regiments of rebel cavalry were coming. The General ordered a brig- ade of infantry into position on a double-quick. They were hardly in line before the rebs commenced firing. A lively engagement ensued, which lasted about thirty minutes, and resulted in a handsome defeat of the enemy. A march of three days more brought us to Deca- tur, Miss. The 16th Army Corps passed on beyond the place to encamp for the night. As the rear of their supply train was passing out of the place it was attacked, and one man and twenty-six mules were killed. The 17th Corps encamped for the night at Dccatur. The next morning General Leggctt sent me out on a road running south from the place, to as- certain whether there was a rebel force near. I had only gone half a mile before I discovered at a short distance ahead of me, a squad of seven mounted rebels at their picket-post. As soon as they saw me they came into line of attack. Wheeling my horse, I motioned with my right hand for them not to shoot, and with my left for them to come on up. About twenty feet brought me out of their sight behind the brush, and putting spurs to my horse I rode to camp. I reported the fact to General Leggett, and as I was passing the first line of our troops, Major Fry, of the 20th Ohio, said tome, "Bunker, what is out there ?" "There are rebs out there." SCOUT AND SPY. 307 "How far?" " Not more than half a mile." "Pshaw! Bunker, you must be mistaken; there can't be rebs that near/' " Perhaps you had better go and see if you don't believe it." The Major mounted his black stallion and went out. The road was crooked, and lined on both sides with a heavy growth of pine underbrush, so that it was impossible to sec far. He hadn't been gone long enough to have rode half a mile, when he was seen coming back, with his horse under full spur, and at its utmost speed, with hat in hand, shouting at the top of his voice, " Fall in ! Fall in !" From the Major's ac- tions, the regiment supposed that a large force of rebels were about to attack us. The troops instantly fell in, when a company was sent out to find the cause- of alarm, and discovered seven men that had given chase to the Major. Officers sometimes get frightened as well as enlisted men. General Leggett then gave me a squad of twenty- six men, and sent me out on a road to the southeast of the town. Two miles out I saw a citizen fleeing from his house to the woods, as if alarmed at our ap- proach. I gave chase and soon caught up with him. Brandishing my revolver, I said to him, "Daddy, you have got to tell me one thing, or I will kill you right here ; now tell me the truth." "Well, what is it?" " Where were you going, and what were you going for?" 308 THE GREAT AMERICAN ''There are six hundred State militia down in the woods, about three -quarters of a mile from here. I was afraid of you all, and I was going down there for protection." " You belong to them, I suppose ?" "No, sir." "What are the militia doing there?" " They are going to attack your supply train." "That's a fact, is it?" " Yes, and they are going to do it right quick/' " It was the militia that killed the mules last night, I suppose." "No, it was the citizens of the town." " Did you have a hand in it ?" "No, sir, but my brother did. I'll tell you how it was done. Before the Yankee force came up, the citizens of the town met on the public square, and joined hands around the Confederate pole, with the Confederate colors flying, and swore by Almighty (rod that they would resist the march of the Yan- kees through the place, or every man would die in the attempt. As soon as the Yankee advance made its appearance, they all fled to the woods. As the rear of the train came up, they rallied and made the attack ; but as soon as they saw other troops coming, they again fled." I returned to General Leggett to report the infor- mation that I had gained. I found him still in Dcca- tur, superintending the departure of troops. The train was already moving out. I told him what was up. Said he, " They dare not attack it ; and if they SCOUT AND SPY. 309 do, there ain't enough of them to wake up one side of it." " I don't say, General, they will capture the train, but they will attack it." In about twenty minutes the crack of rifles was heard, which increased in frequency until the firing was quite lively. " They are at it, I guess," said the General. " I must see about that." So out we went to the scene of action. The guards were doing bravely, but the presence of the General inspired them with new courage, and they pitched into the militia like so many tigers, and whipped them without any re-en- forcements to assist them. Some think it absolutely necessary in a battle to have commissioned officers to give command, but here was a desperate fight, and a glorious victory, and not a commissioned officer within half a mile dur- ing the engagement. Shortly after the foregoing event, I met two mem- bers of the 78th Ohio, who had been out on the left flank in search of supplies. They found a house oc- cupied by an old lady and two daughters. They said the}'' had enjoyed themselves finely ; had had a good dinner, and had been invited to dine with them again the next day. I says, " Boys, will you accept their invitation?" " Certainly," said they. "Well, then, that will be the last of you, unless some one goes with you." " Will you go with us?" said they. 310 THE GREAT AMERICAN "I will," said I, " if I can take a squad of men with me." Said I, " Boys, now you must face the music." "0 yes, we'll do that." "All right. We'll start to-morrow morning." The next day we started on our trip. When we reached the place, I told the boys to go in and see to the dinner. I took twenty-six of my men and formed them in three companies, so that we could see the movements at the house. Soon I saw a girl come to the door of the house and wave her handkerchief toward a piece of woods. Out came six rebel soldiers and rode up to the house, dis- mounted and went in. By a flourish of my revolver I gave the command to my men to come up and surround the house. I dismounted and went into the door. They said, "Come in, Mr. Yank, we'll take you, too." " Dismount, boys, and come in, the Johnnies want you in here." Twenty-seven of us rushed in, and the rebels in surprise said to the girl, " What does this mean?" She said, " I didn't know that there was but two." They had already robbed the boys of their money, finger rings, " BEFORE ATLANTA, GA., August 17, 1864. ) " To his Eotxellency John Brough, Governor of Ohio : "GOVERNOR The bearer of this communication Cor- poral Kuggles, Co. H. 20th O. V. V. I. has been in the secret service in the Army of the Tennessee for more than two years past, and has been eminently successful in that department. He has frequently had charge of considera- ble numbers of men employed as scouts and has always managed them with great discretion and skill. " I would respectfully recommend that authority be ob- tained, if possible, for him to recruit in Ohio from among non-veteran soldiers, who have been discharged from ser- vice by reason of expiration of term of enlistment, an inde- pendent company, to be armed with Spencer rifles, and used as sharp-shooters, scouts, secret service men, etc. " It is believed that such a company can be raised of men skilled in such service, and that the service will be greatly benefited thereby. " Very respectfully, your most obedient servant, "W. D. LEGGETT, Brigadier- General" SCOUT AND SPY. 355 The foregoing letter was indorsed as follows : " HEADQUARTERS 15TH ARMY CORPS, ) " BEFORE ATLANTA, August 17, 1864. f " Approved and recommended. JOHN A. LOGAN, " Major- General Commanding" "By R E. TOWNES, Lieutenant- Colonel and A. A. G" " HEADQUARTERS 17TH ARMY CORPS, " BEFORE ATLANTA, GA., August 17, 1864. " Approved and strongly recommended. This man has proved himself a trusty scout, and has been of great service. " [Signed for Major-General Blair.] " A. J. ALEXANDER, A. A. G" " HEADQUARTERS ARMY AND DEP'T OF TENNESSEE, ) August 17, 1864. f " Respectfully forwarded. " I could make good use of a good company, skilled as within described. I have no personal knowledge of Cor- poral Ruggles. " O. O. HOWARD, Major- General" The foregoing letters and indorsements, and Gen- eral Grant's indorsement which is yet to follow were furnished me for these pages, accompanied by the following letter by the War Department : " WAR DEP'T, ADJUTANT-GENERAL'S OFFICE, " WASHINGTON, August 13, 1866. "Mr. Lorain Ruggles, (Care of Major E. C. Downs, late of the 2(Wi Ohio Vols., Henrie House,) Cincinnati, Ohio: " SIR I have respectfully to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 2d inst., requesting to be furnished with 356 THE GREAT AMERICAN copies of letters asking authority for you to raise a com- mand of scouts, etc., with the indorsements thereon recom- mending the same, for publication in a work detailing your experience as a scout. " In reply, I have to transmit herewith copies of the let- ters referred to, with the indorsements thereon, as requested. " I am, sir, very respectfully, your obedient servant, " THOMAS H. VINCENT, " Assistant Adjutant- General" With the two letters of recommendation and their indorsements, I proceeded to Ohio, and presented them to Governor Brough, who read them over very carefully, then returned them to me, and ordered that I be furnished with the necessary recruiting papers and set to work immediately. Having received the necessary documents, I com- menced at once, and in a very short time had pro- cured twenty-one men. With these I went to Colum- bus, and reported in person to the Adjutant-General. He read over my order from the Governor, and then said : " Did you raise your men under that order as scouts?" "Yes, sir." "Well, there a'n't such an organization known in the United States Army Eegulations as a company of scouts. I can't do anything with such men." " I can't help that," T replied ; " I have acted un- der authority of the Governor of Ohio." " Well, let us go and see the Governor." We carried the order to the Governor, and the SCOUT AND SPY. 357 Adjutant-General explained to him that there was no such organization in the Army Regulations. " Well, Mr. Ruggles," said the Governor, "you go on and raise the men, and assign them to a regiment, and then have them detailed out for scouting pur- poses." " That won't do at all, Governor," said I. "I have commanded detailed men long enough ; I want a com- mand of my own." " Well, put your men into the 197th Ohio Infantry, and I will extend your time to recruit, and give you a commission as Captain." " I don't want such a commission, Governor. I don't want to be in the infantry service." "Very well; I have got to fill that regiment up, because it is needed immediately at Nashville, and the men will have to go into it." "Then take them and put them there, and I'll go to Washington," said I, and walked out. I still held the letters of recommendation, with their indorsements. With these I proceeded to Bal- timore, where I found Major-General Lewis Wallace, and obtained a pass from him to General Grant's headquarters, at City Point, Ya. I showed General Grant my papers, and told him of my difficulty. He took my papers and addressed them to the War De- partment, with the following indorsement : " HEADQUARTERS ARMIES OF THE UNITED STATES, { " CITY POINT, VA., October 13, 1864. I " I know Private Ruggles well, and the services he ren- dered in Mississippi as a scout. With an independent 358 THE GREAT AMERICAN company of such men as himself, he would be worth more in the Shenandoah Valley, and over the district of country over which Mosby roams, than a regiment of cavalry. " I would recommend that he be authorized to raise a battalion of men, and be put in the Department of West Virginia. " U. S. GRANT, Lieutenant- General" Thus approved, General Grant sent me with them to the Secretary of War ; but, as I was about to leave his quarters, he said, " Perhaps you had better show these papers to the President." Thus prepared, I bent my way toward Washington, with a somewhat lighter heart than I left the Governor's office at Co- lumbus, Ohio. Finding several army officers of my acquaintance at Washington, I showed them my papers, and told them that General Grant advised me to show them to the President, and I have since been sorry that I did not take his advice. My friends said that it was not necessary, so I proceeded at once to the War Department, and handed my papers, in person, to Secretary Stanton. I felt happy when I entered the office. Said Mr. Stanton, " What do you want?" " I want you to read these papers." He read the papers, and then said, " Can you com- mand cavalry ?" " I don't know whether I could command horses, but I have done pretty well with mules." He then signed the papers, and sent me to the Provost-marshal-general . From the Secretary of War I went to the Provost- SCOUT AND SPY. 359 marshal-general's office. There I was told to call in a week, and my papers would be ready. At the expiration of seven days, I again called at the office of the Provost-marshal-general, and was handed an order of which the following is a copy : " WAR DEP'T PROVOST-MARSHAL-GENERAL'S OFFICE, ) " WASHINGTON, D. C., October 21, 1863. I " To his Excellency the Governor of Ohio : "SiR: Subject to your approval, it is hereby ordered that Corporal Lorain Ruggles, Company H, 20th Ohio Ve- teran Volunteer Infantry, has authority to proceed to Ohio and raise a company of cavalry, for certain special services, whereas ordered by these headquarters. " Should the Corporal's success warrant it, authority will be given him to raise three additional companies not more than one company, however, to be under recruitment at one time. " As soon as a company is raised, he will report with it at once to these headquarters. The men must be enrolled under the present existing regulations, for the period of one, two, or three years, as the men may choose to enlist. The company must be raised within twenty days from the time the Corporal commences to recruit. " By order of the Secretary of War. "JAMES B. FRY, Provost-marshal- General" With this I again reported to the Governor of Ohio. He opened the order and commenced to read aloud. When he came to the date, which was 1863, when it should have been 1864, he inquired : " Where have you been for a year past ?" "You know where I have been, Governor," I re- plied. " You know that that paper is dated wrong." 360 THE GREAT AMERICAN 14 Well, don't you know that when a military order is dated wrong it is all wrong." " Yes ; but what shall I do about it ?" " Go back to Washington and get it made right." " I don't want to spend so much time running about. I would like to raise a company and get back to the front before the war doses" He then finished reading the order. When he had done, I asked him what he thought of it. "Well," said he, "I would advise you not to do anything with it as it is." " That's my mind exactly. It dtii what I wanted at all. It looks like making a recruiting officer of me to fill up some fancy regiment. All I wanted was authority to raise a company. I am subject to your orders. What shall I do go to recruiting, or go back to the front?" " I don't know, Corporal, what you had better do." " Well, if you don't know, I don't ; so, I guess I'll leave." At length, being disgusted with making any fur- ther effort to raise a company, I went back to the front without orders, and reported to the command- ing officer of my regiment. Finding that I had no order returning me to duty in the regiment, he re- fused to have me in his command. I then reported to Major-General Howard, who said that I was sub- ject to order from the War Department, and that he had no authority over me. I remarked, " I guess, then, that I must be out of the service altogether. SCOUT AND SPY. 361 I'll go and sec what General Sherman can do for me." I went to him, and told him what I had done, and he said to me, "You may remain at my head- quarters until further orders. 7 ' I must "say that I felt sadly disappointed and dis- heartened at my failure in raising a command of my own. If I had humored the Governor in the first attempt to raise a company, I would, undoubtedly, have been a captain, but I was determined to have such a command as I wanted, or none. The reader must judge for himself whether I have merited it or not. In about five days after my arrival at the front, General Sherman started on his grand campaign through Georgia. Not a doubt was entertained by the troops of their ability to march triumphant across to the Atlantic coast. Very few there were but who anticipated correctly the point of destination at the outset of the march, and at the prospect before them were highly elated. Never were men in better spirits than when the march commenced. It was the most decisive and glorious campaign of the war, and yet fraught with the least of personal adventure of any campaign that I have taken part in. My duty was one in common with the other scouts, and the soldiers of the entire army were all scouts. My individual experience was not different from that of the great mass of soldiers. Our duty was to subsist ourselves and devastate the country as completely as possible, taking good care not to get captured. This we accomplished 16 362 THE GREAT AMERICAN successfully. The army never lived better and the men never enjoyed better health ; and when we reached the Atlantic coast we were in better condi- tion physically than when we started from Atlanta. The march occupied a period of thirty-two days, every day of which we were on the move. During our progress, though we were cut off from all communication with home, we were not altogether ignorant of General Thomas' glorious victory, and route of the Confederate army under Hood. We learned, by way of the Southern people, of "Hood's disaster," and could plainly comprehend the strategy that had drawn him unwittingly to the defences at Nashville, and it added not a little to our courage. We plainly saw that the enemy was utterly power- less to resist our advance. On our arrival at the coast, near Savannah, we were visited by the Secretary of War. General Leggett gave me an introduction to him, as "a very efficient and worthy scout and spy," to which he re- plied, "Yes, I know him." He asked me if I was acquainted about Mobile and New Orleans. I told him that I was not much acquainted about Mobile, but had been there twice, and that I was pretty well acquainted about New Orleans and Lake Pontchartrain. He asked me if I was willing to make a trip across the country and report to General Granger, and I answered, "Yes, anj r where." The next morning I received a sealed order from the Secretary of War to proceed across the country SCOUT AND SPY. 363 on horseback, and report for special service to Gen- eral Granger, at Mobile, Alabama. I was not limited in time to make the trip. It was some time in the month of January, 1865, that I set out on my journey. I travelled very leis- nrcly, and visited every place of any importance that lay near my route. I had been instructed by the Secretary of War to gather as much information as I could while passing through the country. To accom- plish this, I made frequent trips to converse with the people, and I frequently rode many miles, to one side or the other of my route, to find people that were influential and leading members of society, so that 1 might learn the sentiments of those who wielded a controlling influence. I travelled in the disguise of a citizen, carrying my order from the Secretary with me. It was not often that I ventured to carry such papers, but at this time I considered the war virtually at an end. and apprehended no danger of being searched. I found that most of the people were willing to give up to the Federal authorities not because they had been wrong, but because by the force of war they had been overpowered and exhausted. While there was a desire for peace, there was also a hatred of the Federal Government. A few were satisfied with the- old Government as it was, and had reluctantly been drawn into rebellion by the force of the elements around them. Such people hailed the overthrow oi-' the Confederate government with joy. "Hood's disaster" and "Sherman's raid" had re- 364 THE GREAT AMERICAN vealed to the Southern people their weakness in a more alarming view than they had ever before seen it. It seemed, in their case, that the last straw had been laid upon the camel's back, and the overloaded beast was unable to rise. The most of the way I enjoyed my journey finely. Sometimes I would lay over several days, on account of rain and bad roads. Wherever I stopped I found something to interest me. I made it a point to make myself as interesting and agreeable to the people that entertained me as possible. I spent three weeks in Florida. There I found the people more disheartened than anywhere else in my route ; in fact, resistance to the Federal army had been given up. During my stay there I spent sev- eral days with a planter by the name of Fanshaw, who lives near the coast, at St. Mark's. He was formerly from the State of New York. I passed my- self while there by my real name, and as a brother of General Ruggles, and represented that I was on my way home to Bolivar County, Mississippi, from Savannah, Georgia, where I had been on business pertaining to the Confederate Government. I gave him such an account of the general state of affairs all over the Confederate States that he did not doubt, in the least, the statements that I made. When I called at his house I had no intention of remaining there long, but his hospitality was so strongly urged upon me that I accepted it to enable my horse to rest. During my stay there I was much amused by read- SCOUT AND SPY. 365 ing a story in a Mississippi journal, which was handed to me by Miss Ella F. She remarked that it was one of the curious events of the war. Little did she think, in handing me the paper, she was making it doubly so. This account will serve to show the dif- ference, between truth and fiction, and how much many of the writers of the present day make out of a little fact. How the paper had made its way there I cannot tell. The story w r as written by Mr. James D , of the 14th Illinois Infantry. Sergeant Downs, of the 20th Ohio, had related to Mr. D - several of the inci- dents in my experience as scout ; and from one of these he wrote the romance, in which I figured as the hero, giving, instead of my full name, only the initial letters, together with the name of my com- pany and regiment. It was given as a narrative of facts, with an announcement that an extended history of. my services would be forthcoming from the able pen of Captain Downs. It was first published in 1863, as before mentioned. Coming to me as it did, under such peculiar cir- cumstances, it was exceedingly amusing. I took good care, however, that my lady friend did not find out that I was the hero of the story. My feelings at the time can be better imagined by perusing it. It ran as follows : "On board the magnificent steamer 'Imperial,' on her passage from St. Louis to New Orleans, in the month of October, A. D., 1860, reclining upon one of 366 THE GREAT AMERICAN those elegantly-furnished sofas in her sumptuous cabin, might have been seen the hero of our story, wrapped in a 'brown study.' " His form was attractive and commanding ; some- thing over a medium size, and well proportioned. His features were pleasant, and his hair brown and wavy, extending in a rich profusion of glossy curls down over his shoulders. His eyes were of a deep blue, and as sharp and piercing as those of an eagle. His forehead was broad and high, imparting a look of more than usual intelligence ; indeed, he was what might be called a handsome fellow, and, though he hud passed the age of iive-and-twenty, he looked as fair and fresh as though but twenty-one. L II (the subject of our sketch) was a resident of Ohio, but was then on his way to New Orleans on business. " It is said that he once loved a beautiful and accomplished young lady of an amiable disposition, and, withal, of no inconsiderable wealth ; but upon the very day on which they were to have been united in marriage, he followed her remains to her long- home. Three years had passed, but he had found no fair one to fill the heart thus made vacant. "As he reclines upon the sofa, he is meditating upon the strange vicissitudes of life. Recollections of scenes in his own experience pass vividly before him, and, as if but yesterday, he strolls for the last time in the green meadow. Just as the declining sun is shedding his last lingering rays across the land- scape, accompanied by his own angelic Belinda, and SCOUT AND SPY. 367 as they are about to pass the gate to her father's house, they pause for a moment, and, with her soft "fingers playfully twirling his glossy curls, she presses her lips to his, and whispers, ' My own dear L /' " Since then three summers have passed without obliterating the blank in his heart caused by the transfer of his fair one to the spirit-land, and he won- ders whether, indeed, there was but one heart on earth whose emotions of love can soften his. Again and again he recalls the scenes of love's sunny hours until his eyes are suffused with tears. Dashing them away, he starts from his seat and mingles with the gay crowd that are passengers with him. "Among that throng was a young man by the name of Charles Rollins, who had just finished a course of education at one of our northern colleges, and was then on his way home. He was a young man of an ardent temperament, of fine appearance and accomplished manners. His parents resided at Natchez, Mississippi. "L - sought relief from the recollections that had passed,, by seeking to make the acquaintance of those around him. The fine manly bearing of Charles attracted his attention, and he at once sought an in- terview, which proved to be agreeable. Frequent interviews were had, and their acquaintance soon ripened into friendship. " Charles had a sister an only one by the name of Annie. She was then entering upon her twenty- iburth year ; and though not in the strict sense of the word handsome, she was, nevertheless, good- 368 THE GREAT AMERICAN looking, and possessed, of what is of more conse- quence than beauty, all the graces that adorn the life of a devoted, exemplary Christian. She had early embraced the Christian religion ; and her pure devotion, genial nature, and agreeable manners, won for her the love and respect of all who knew her. " Annie had received the attentions of several young men of unexceptionable character and reputa- tion, possessed, withal, of that worldly competence and business tact that would have placed her, be- yond doubt, above want; yet, strange to say, she saw reason to decline their offers. Why she had failed to love was known, if at all, only to herself. Her parents would have been pleased had their daughter been united in holy wedlock to a worthy young man that she loved ; nevertheless, they had too much respect for her judgment to question the propriety of her decisions and the reasons for them, and the only reason, perhaps, that they could assign was that old and common one, ' matches arc made in heaven.' "The entire passage from St. Louis passed off agreeably to our new-made friends, and, sooner than they could have wished it, the signal was sounded to land at the beautiful town of Natchez. L - was unable to refuse the pressing invitation from Charles to stop and spend a few days, or at least a night, with him at his father's house. "It is unnecessary to describe the introduction that followed, or the welcome that was extended. Suffice it to say, the journey was not renewed the SCOUT AND SPY. 369 next day, nor the next, A week rolled around, and then another, and another, until three months had passed, and still L was a welcome guest at the home of the Rollinses. At the end of that period L K and Annie were engaged to be married. "At last business became so urgent that L was obliged to resume his journey to New Orleans. The hour came for departure, and he sought a last interview with Annie, and gave her the parting fare- well. "During the winter of 1860 and '61, the country, North and South, had become agitated with political excitement, which ran so high that the two sections seemed in imminent danger of becoming involved in a civil war. The South claimed that the North had encroached upon her rights, and even went so far as to threaten to withdraw from the Federal compact and take up the sword in vindication of her rights. "As L was about to leave, Annie still clung to him, saying : ' My dear L , before you leave me, I want you to make me one promise.' " ' Well, Annie, what is it? 7 "'You know, L , that our nation is being shaken to its centre by political excitement, and it is more than probable that before I shall see you again the Southern States will secede from the Union, and the country become involved in war. Promise me that in case the South becomes engaged in war with the North, you will not take up arms against her.' " 'My dear Annie, as much as I love you, I can- not make you that promise. The North is my birth- 16* 370 THE GREAT AMERICAN place and home. I love and respect the flag under which I was cradled, and if the country needs my services to preserve her glorious nationality, I am under sacred obligations to render assistance.' "She pressed his hand warmly and drew him closer to her fond embrace ; her eyes filled with tears and her bosom heaved with emotion as she said, 1 Make me, then, at least this promise if the country does become involved in war, with you upon one side and Charles upon the other, and you should chance to meet him as your enemy, will you, dearest L , spare my brother ? ' " ' Yes,' he uttered, as he imprinted a farewell kiss upon her lips. "Time rolled on, and, as had been anticipated, one after another of the Southern States seceded and took up arms against the North, and involved the country in a civil war. Charles Rollins, as his sister had feared, identified himself with the interest of his own State, and enlisted in a Mississippi regiment of in- fantry. L - R , true to his country and his country's flag, rallied at the first call of the President to save it from destruction. " His devoted patriotism and his obstinate bravery in the hour of battle, won for him the confidence of his commanding officers, who often sent him on mis- sions of danger. The Commander-in-chief, having learned of his reliability, address, and daring, fre- quently sent him to obtain information of the enemy's movements. "In November, 1861, preparatory to moving the SCOUT AND SPY. 371 grand army south into Mississippi, and while the troops were being concentrated in the vicinity of Lagrange, Tenn., General G-rant sent Mr. R out, on horseback, to find the enemy's advanced pickets. It was in the night, and extremely dark, which render- ed the undertaking a hazardous one. He felt his way along with the utmost caution, and had made a dis- tance of twenty miles, when, in the midnight darkness, not six feet in advance of him, he was confronted by a single sentry, standing in the middle of the road, who challenged him with ' Halt ! who comes there ? ' "It was a desperate situation, and Mr. R de- termined to make the most of it. ' Friend, with the countersign,' he answered, drawing his revolver. "'Advance and give the countersign,' was the reply. He did so, and, thrusting his revolver to the breast of the sentry, fired. The flash of his piece revealed to him the face of Charles Rollins ! I 0h heavens! ' he cried, and sprang from his horse and embraced the fallen form. ' Charles ! Charles ! speak ! if but once ; for God's sake, speak ! ? "It was too late; the ball had penetrated his heart, and Charles was dead. The sharp report aroused his sleeping companions, w r ho were lying by the roadside, a little distance from him, and the noise they made as they sprang for their guns warned L - of his danger, who quickly sprang to his sad- dle and dashed away unharmed, but not without being iired at by the remaining pickets. He made a safe return, and reported to General Grant, but since 372 THE GREAT AMERICAN that time his acquaintances have noticed that he has become a changed man/' 7 I arrived at General Granger's headquarters in Mobile, Alabama, April 9, 1865, the next day after the capture of Blakely. I had travelled in all, since leaving Savannah, a distance of nine hundred miles, and that without molestation. During my journey, two of the most important events of the war had transpired. General Lee had surrendered his command to General Grant, and General Johnston had surrendered his command to General Sherman. Kirby Smith's command, west of the Mississippi, was the only armed force that had not surrendered. The returned Confederate soldiers, wherever I met them in my route, had expressed themselves as satis- fied with their attempt to sustain the Confederacy, -and gave it up as a lost cause. " Experience" is said to be the "best school-master." The Confederate soldiers evidently thought so. A few days after my arrival, the intelligence was received that President Lincoln had been murdered. It was too sad intelligence for the soldiers to believe, nor would they believe it until officially confirmed. Then their anger knew no bounds, and it was with the utmost difficulty that commanding officers re- strained their men from committing retaliatory dep- redations. In the midst of a nation's rejoicing, she was called to mourn the death of the man who had steered the Ship of State clear of the shoals that threatened SCOUT AND SPY. 373 her destruction, who was swept from the helm as the ship was just entering the haven of peace, and within sight of her desired moorings. While it was hard to deprive him thus of the sweet anticipations in prospect before him, it was nevertheless permitted, in the wise directions of a beneficent Providence. The murder of Abraham Lincoln was the closing act of the great rebellion. The picture of the scene, re- volting as it had been, seemed incomplete until the dark finishing shades had been added by the hand of an assassin. The war was now virtually closed, and during our stay at Mobile General Granger had nothing for me to do. In July he moved to New Orleans, taking most of his troops with him. It was generally sup- posed that we were going there to take transports home to our respective States, to be mustered out ; but in this we were disappointed. At that place General Granger ordered me to report to the Pro- vost-marshal for duty as a detective. Why I was so often selected for such duty is more than I can tell. If I had all other necessary qualifications for that business, my dislike for it was so great as to over- come them. I went to the Provost-marshal with my order, and told him that I was at his disposal for duty, but that I had objections to engaging in that kind of service not that I was unwilling to obey my superior officers, but simply because I had a dislike for the business that it was impossible for me to over- come. I told him that I had twice tried to operate as a detective and had failed, and the more I tried it 374 THE GREAT AMERICAN the less I liked it. It was a kind of duty that was not congenial to my nature, and it seemed to me like low business. I was satisfied that there were those who were better adapted to such business than I, but if he insisted upon it I would go to work and do the best that I could. He told me that he had but very little detective business to do, and that he did not wish to have me engaged in business that was not agreeable to my feelings. He told me to return to General Granger's headquarters, and that if he found occasion to need my services he would send for me. I have since had reason to suspect that setting me to work as a detective was simply a show of some- thing for me to do, on the part of commanding offi- cers, that I might be retained in the service longer, lest, in the future, something might turn up that would give them occasion to need me. At that time there was great clamoring among the soldiers to be mustered out, and orders had been issued to muster out all detached men who were not actively engaged. We remained in New Orleans until the latter part of July, when we embarked on board the transports and went to Galveston, Texas. At that place there was as little for me to do as there had been in New Orleans. Having no use for me, General Granger sent me to Columbus, Texas, a distance of one hun- dred and sixty miles inland, to report to General driers* in. I made the journey alone and on horseback, dressed as a citizen. For the last year and a half of my ser- SCOUT AND SPY. 375 vice, I very rarely wore anything but a citizen's dress. I occupied five days in making the journey, and got through to General Grierson's headquarters without having experienced a single incident of inter- est. That kind of scouting was dry business to me. It is excitement that makes the life of a scout inter- esting. In September General Grierson sent me alone to the Upper Colorado, a distance of four hundred miles, with instructions to see whether the rebs were con- centrating a force or fortifying at any point along the river. I made ' the trip on horseback, in my usual citizen's dress. Very much of the distance was sparsely settled, which rendered my journey at least a lonesome one. A naturalist, no doubt, would have found in that route enough to have made a volume interesting, but to me nothing was of so much interest as the end of my journey. During the entire route it was the same dull monotony day after day. On my return, and when within four days' ride of Columbus, I fell in with a party of outlaws number- ing forty men. They wore uniforms exactly like General Grierson's cavalry, and had United States saddles and carbines. At first I supposed that they were a detachment of his command, but fortunately I discovered my mistake before having told who I was. They plundered indiscriminately, but left the impression, wherever they went, that they were n detachment of United States troops, acting under General Grierson's orders. I travelled with them three days. 376 TIIE GREAT AMERICAN As soon as I found out what they were I proposed to join their organization. This I did for ray own safety. I represented myself as having been a planter in Mississippi, and that I had lost all my property by the war a part of it by the Confederate army and a part of it by the Lincoln army ; and I also told them that I was determined to get my property back in some way, and did not care how I did it, nor who I got it from. My proposition was accepted, and it was arranged that I should go on to Columbus and trans- act some business that I had there, and, if possible, secure by some means, fair or foul, a uniform, saddle. and carbine, and then return to a certain plantation that they would show me in our route. The last day that I was with them, we passed the plantation to which I was to return when I had com- pleted my business at Columbus. Toward night they plundered a. rich planter who had never been at heart really disloyal. He had acted with the Confederate Government simply because compelled to, but at his earliest opportunity had taken the required oath. As the outlaws were taking his property he remonstrated, and told them that he was a Union man, and that General Grierson had promised to protect him. They told him that he was no Union man, but a lying sc- cesh. They insulted him shamefully, and then, having secured what plunder they wanted, made their way off, leaving him to suppose that the outrage had been committed by Federal cavalry. During my ride with them I became quite familiar with their countenances, and also learned where sev- SCOUT AND SPY. 377 eral of them resided. I also found out that they did expect, when on a plundering expedition, to remain in a body, but separated to their homes, meeting oc- casionally, however, to arrange for new expeditions, but never twice in the same place, lest their haunts might be discovered. Shortly after plundering the planter that I have mentioned, they turned off on another road and left me to pursue my journey alone. After reporting to General Grierson the result of my trip, I mentioned the incident about the outlaws, and their having plundered the planter, but did not tell him that I had agreed to return to them. The day following my report, the planter came in with complaint to General Grierson that his cavalry had plundered him of his horses and mules, and other property, and also had shamefully insulted him. General Grierson was surprised to hear such com- plaints, and told the man that he must be mistaken ; but he insisted that he knew they were his men ; they had United States uniforms, saddles, and car- bines exactly like his men. The General then called the Adjutant, to know whether he had sent a detach- ment out, but none had been sent. The planter still insisted that it was United States cavalry that com- mitted the outrage. Recalling to mind what I had reported to him the day before, the General mis- trusted who had done it, and sent for me. I at once recognized the planter as the one whom I had seen plundered by the outlaws. The next day I accompanied a detachment of cav- 378 THE GREAT AMERICAN airy, in disguise, to hunt up the outlaws. We pro- ceeded at once to the residences of those that I had learned, and were so fortunate as to find them at home, all of whom we captured. I took good care to be seen by them as little as possible. I do not think 1 was recognized by any of the number that we cap- tured. Every one of them were loud in their declara- tions of good behavior, and expressed astonishment that they should be so treated. The arrest of a part of the band put a damper upon the rest, and they cleared out, or ceased their operations. I heard of no more complaints during the time I remained there. From what experience I have had in the secret service, I am of the opinion that the Government has been entirely too lenient with that class of men. Nothing but the severest penalty of the law will ever stop them from their depredations. They will con- tinue to give trouble in the South so long as they are allowed to run at large. They are possessed of none of the finer feelings of humanity that can be reached by moral suasion, and nothing but physical restraint can control them. Sympathy for those that have erred is a commend- able element in the human heart, but when carried to extremes is productive of disastrous results. I think the entire secession element of the South has received, and is now receiving, more favor at the hands of the Government than is consistent for the safety of our republican institutions. People who have committed crime should be made to feel that SCOUT AND SPY. 379 they have done so, by inflicting upon them the proper penalty. Let rebels prove themselves " prodigal sons" before being embraced in the arms of our good Uncle Sam. On the 2d day of December, 1865, I received an order from General Grant to proceed to Columbus, Ohio, for discharge. On my arrival there I reported to the Provost-marshal, who refused to discharge me, because I had no copy of the orders under which I had reported from one commanding officer to another. My business had been such that it was not safe for me to carry them, and, for the same reason, my orders were generally given orally. I went to General Leg- gett and told him my difficulty, who at once wrote me a statement to Captain Barber, Provost-marshal, setting forth his knowledge of my services, and why I had not preserved my orders of detail. General Wiles also gave me a similar statement, of which the following are copies : " ZANESYILLE, O., February 15, 1866. " Captain Barber, Provost-marshal : " DEAR SIR : Corporal Lorain Buggies, Co. H, 20th O. V. V. I., reports to me that he has difficulty in obtaining a discharge from the service. Corporal Ruggles was used, during the whole war, as a scout and spy. I first assigned him to that service early in the summer of 1862. His great success made him a favorite with all general officers having charge of secret service. He was, at different times, under the immediate direction of Generals Force, Koss, Logan, McPherson, Blair, Grant, and others, generally remaining, 380 THE GREAT AMERICAN when not on active duty, at my headquarters. The nature of his services was such that he could not carry details, passes, or orders, and details could not be waited for by officers when he was needed, and, in fact, were very seldom made in. such cases. " Corporal Kuggles was regarded as one of the most suc- cessful and reliable spies in the United States service, and was always called upon for desperate service where others would fail, and was equal to the undertaking. " I hope you will secure him such a discharge as will enable him to draw his pay. He has been a most worthy soldier. I doubt whether any man of his rank has done more for his country. " Very respectfully, " M. D. LEGGETT, "Late Major- General of Volunteers." " ZANESVILLE, O., February 17, 1866. " Captain Barber, Provost-marshal, Columbus, Ohio : " DEAR Sin I certify that I have long known Corporal Lorain Buggies, of the 20th O. V. Y. I. (Said regiment was one of the regiments comprising the brigade which I had the honor to command.) I further certify that I have known Corporal Buggies as a scout and spy since about the month of June or July, 1862. He was in the secret service, under orders from Generals Grant, Sherman, McPherson, Leggett, Force, Boss, and others. He was regarded as one of the best and most reliable scouts connected with our army, and, in my judgment, has performed as much valua- ble service as any man in it, and I have no doubt but he is entitled to an honorable discharge, although he may be unable to account for his absence from his regiment and company by exhibiting the necessary documents. The most of his details were oral, being ordered by one officer to report to another officer for special duty. I have used him myself for scouting, by permission of the commanding SCOUT AND SPY. 381 General. It is with pleasure that I add this my testimony in favor of a gallant and trustworthy soldier. " I am, Captain, respectfully, your obedient servant, " G. R WILES, " Late Colond 78th 0. V. V. L, Brevet Brig.-Gcn" Generals Leggett and Wiles have my thanks for the kind interest thus, and upon all other occasions, manifested in my behalf. With these letters, I was enabled to get a discharge from the service that I am proud of, and which I value more than all the gold that I might have made in dishonest traffic with out- laws. I have never been sorry that I followed Gen- eral Grant's advice. After having received my discharge, I experienced trouble in getting my pay. I could scarcely get the Paymaster to look at me, let alone paying me. Find- ing that I could prevail nothing upon the Paymaster at Columbus, I reported at once, in person, to Lieu- tenant-General Grant, at Washington, D. C., and told him my troubles. He caused my papers to be fixed so that I not only received all my pay proper, clothing account, etc., but my special service pay. Here I would express to General Grant my gratitude for the pains he has taken to instruct me in the class of duties that I have had to perform, and for his per- sonal interest in my welfare. I am indebted to all the Generals for whom I have served for their kind- ness, and the instructions they have given me, and especially so to Generals Grant, Logan, McPherson, Leggett, Force, Ross, Potts, and Wiles. I always found a welcome at their headquarters. 382 THE GRBAT AMERICAN CHAPTER XXIX. Ludicrous effect of fear A Corporal outflanks a Captain A good Union man A touching appeal A scene among the wounded An old Se- cesh discovers his mistake Suggestions from experience Concluding thoughts. IN looking back over my experience, I can recall to my mind many little incidents not included in the preceding narratives. I once came near getting into difficulty by not properly doing my duty while on picket. It was at Shiloh Church, a few weeks after the battle, and while the main part of the army was engaged in besieging Corinth. The entire regiment was more or less troubled with that terrible scourge of the army, camp diarrhea, and the men were constantly contriving some way to get through the picket line in search of chickens and fresh vegetables. One morning, soon after I had taken my post on picket duty for the first time in my life I was a corporal of the guard a squad of men from my own company came down to my post, without passes, and said that they wanted to go out and get some vegeta- bles, and, if I would pass them, they would divide with me when they came in, to which I assented. Toward night they came back to my post, and left, as my share of the proceeds of the trip, two very fat chickens, and a nice lot of onions, lettuce, and rad- 8COUT AND SPY. 383 ishes. It so happened that just after the men left the post for camp, Captain Rogers, of my regiment, who was in command of the guard, made his appear- ance to inspect the condition of his men, and, dis- covering the party who had just left, mistrusted that I had passed them in, and, of course, took me to task about it. "Did those men come through the lines here?" inquired the Captain. "Yes, sir," I answered. " Did they have passes ? " " I don't know whether they did or not. I did not ask them." "Did they go out here this morning?" "Yes, sir." " Did you allow them to go out without passes ? " " I didn't ask them for passes. I didn't know they needed them. They said that they were going after vegetables, and I know that they needed them bad enough, so I supposed it was all right." ' ' What were you placed here for ? " " To watch the enemy, I suppose. I did not know that I had to watch my friends." " Well, sir, if you don't know your duty better than that, you arc not fit to be a Corporal. I'll report you to the Colonel, sir, and have you reduced." The Captain then went on and left me to my own reflections. I cared very little about being an eighth Corporal, and yet I disliked the idea of becoming dis- graced by being reduced. I dressed my chickens nicely, and laid them away. As soon as the relief 384 THE GREAT AMERICAN came out, I started across the woods to camp. Taking my nicest chicken and some of my best vegetables in my hands, I repaired to the Colonel's tent. I knew that he had been quite complaining, and unable to procure what vegetables he needed. On entering, I saluted him as politely as I knew how, and then said : " Colonel, I knew that you was not very well, and I thought you would relish some chicken and fresh veg- etables. Will you accept them ? " " Thank you, thank you, Corporal," said he, taking them, and looking very much pleased. "They are just what I wanted exactly. Were you on picket yesterday ?" " Yes, sir, and I expect that I have incurred your displeasure. 7 ' "Why so?" "Well, Colonel, I'll tell you. It's the first time that I was ever on picket, and I did not know what the duty of a Corporal was. There were some men from the regiment came down and wanted to go out, and I let them go without passes, and the Captain says that he is going to report me for it. I am very sorry, Colonel, that I did it, and if you will forgive me this time I won't do so again." " Picket duty, Corporal, is one of the most respon- sible duties of the soldier. It should always be faith- fully discharged. Since this is the first offence, I'll overlook it, if you will do better in the future." "Thank you, Colonel; I will certainly do better the next time." Just as I came out the Captain entered ; so I re- SCOUT AND SPY. 385 mained where I could hear the conversation that fol- lowed. After the usual salutation, he said: "I am sorry, Colonel, that I am under the necessity of re- porting to you one of the corporals under my com- mand yesterday for a non-performance of duty.'" " Was it Corporal Ruggles?" inquired the Colonel. i( Yes, sir; he " " Never mind, Captain ; he reported himself this morning and promised to do better, and I forgave him this offence. 7 ' When the Captain came out, I noticed that he felt considerably worked up at being outflanked by a corporal. It is oftentimes affecting to witness the heroic man- ner in which soldiers endure their sufferings, whether from sickness or wounds. There was in my company a man by the name of Frank Kickard, who, for several months, had been careless about writing to his mother, who was a widow. At last the poor widow's heart could stand the sus- pense no longer, and she wrote to a daughter, then living in the State of Indiana, to assist her in her efforts to find out what had become of Frank. The sister immediately wrote to the Captain of the com- pany to learn the fate of her brother. The neglect on the part of Frank to write was not for lack of affection, but simply because of a careless habit. At last Frank was taken sick with a fever, and rapidly grew worse. The regiment was preparing to move from Paducah, Ky., up the Tennessee Eiver, and it became necessary to leave Frank in the hospital. 17 386 THE GREAT AMERICAN Just a few moments before he was to be carried off from the boat, his Captain received the letter from his sister, inquiring what had become of Frank. The Captain carried the letter to him and read it, and then said, " Frank, what shall I write to your sister?" He thought a moment, and then, his eyes filling with tears, he said: "Oh, for God's sake, Captain, don't tell sister how sick I am /" It was affecting indeed to see the heroism with which that dear boy suffered, and his affectionate and tender regard for his sister ; was unwilling that she should know the extent of his sufferings, lest she should worry about him. " Brave boy ! he has gone at his country's call." The first mail after we left him brought the sad in- telligence that Frank was dead. Wounded soldiers generally manifest a cheerful resignation to their lot that is astonishing to those who have never witnessed it. Sometimes, however, ex- ceptions occur. I often think of an incident that I witnessed in which two extremes met. After the battle of Matamora, where General Hurl- but's command routed General Price's army, on its retreat after having been repulsed in its assault upon Corinth, I assisted in taking care of the wounded as they were brought in. Among the sufferers on that day was a Captain, with a flesh wound in the arm, and a private, with a leg dreadfully shattered below the knee. The Captain though his wound was not of a serious nature gave way to his feelings, and took on dreadfully, and frequently called upon the SCOUT AND SPY. 387 doctor to come and dress his wound or he should die. The private, then on the table, preparatory to an amputation of his limb, was heroically cool, and scarce a groan escaped his lips. At length his nerves could no longer stand the ridiculous clamor of the Captain, and he called out, "Captain, if you don't hush your gab until the doctor gets my leg off I'll throw it at you." The soldier endured the operation manfully, and the Captain took the hint and "dried up" his noise. It is not hard to tell which of the two was the bravest man. I was once very much amused by the mistake of a very old man. It happened in this way. I had been sent out on a scout, and was returning to camp, when I called at a plantation-house to get breakfast for myself and squad. Sitting upon the porch in front of the house was a very old man a secesh engaged in twisting up tobacco. He had a large pile of it before him already twisted. He had never seen any soldiers from either army. As we came up to the porch he kept on at his work, without being in the least alarmed at our appearance. We procured what breakfast we wanted, and were about to leave, when, addressing the old man, I said: " How do you do, daddy?" "Speak a little louder," said the old man; "I'm hard of hearing." " Hoio do you do, daddy?" said I again, louder than before. "Oh, I'm pretty well, I thank you. I'm a little 388 THE GREAT AMERICAN tired now. I've got ten or twelve little grandsons down in General Yillipigue's army, and I heard that they were out of tobacco, and I thought I'd twist up some and take down to 'em." " Boys," said I to the squad, "if you had rather the rebs would have that tobacco than to have it yourselves, let it alone." At that the boys made a spring for the tobacco. "Hut, tut, tut! 7 ' said the old man, looking won- derfully surprised; "I guess I was mistaken. I thought you were our soldiers; but I guess, from your actions, you are Yankees." On leaving a service that has been fraught with as much danger as mine has been, it is not improper, perhaps, for me to leave on record the conclusions suggested by that experience. Few, if any, of my contemporaries who started in the business as early as I did are now living. I know of none that are living who operated in the depart- ments where I did, and who commenced at the time and continued as long as I did. Of eighteen (includ- ing myself) that began the service with me, I am the only one that continued through the war. Fifteen of that number were killed in less than two years, and two were disgraced for bad conduct. When I look back upon what I have experienced, it seems a wonder to me that my life has been spared. Others, whom I thought were my superiors in all the necessary qualifications, have sacrificed their lives in their line of duty. It may be thought by some that a scout is of neces- SCOUT AND SPY, 389 sity that hardened, reckless character that is in- sensible to the dangers that surround him ; but that is a mistake. It is true that war is hardening to the finer sensibilities, but, nevertheless, if a man is unconscious of the danger of his undertaking, he is not apt to exercise the necessary precautionary meas- ures to insure his safety, and, consequently, fails in his mission. I can now look back and see how I might have done better. I commenced the business without hav- ing had experience, and, consequently, I had all to learn as I went along. At first I only ventured a short distance out. and thought I had done extremely well if I reached camp unharmed. I increased grad- ually the extent of my expeditions, until I succeeded in making trips of several hundred miles in length. An adaptation of means to the end to be accom- plished is of as much importance in scouting and spy- ing, as in any other branch of business. The very business itself is an evasion of what you really are, or assuming to be what you are not ; consequently, an evasion of the truth is often necessary to accom- plish the purpose. ' To be successful as a spy, it is absolutely necessary to be able to act an assumed character. The disguise of the individual and his plans of operations must be adapted to the particular time and place, and his success must depend greatly upon his address. Generals have frequently told me, before going out, how to address myself to the undertaking ; but, as it is impossible to know beforehand the cir- 390 THE GREAT AMERICAN cumstanccs under which one will be placed, it is necessary that a man be of ready address, in order to adapt himself to any unexpected state of affairs that he might find. Presence of mind, when suddenly and unexpected- ly confronted, is very essential. When a man in that situation is thrown off his guard, his condition can rarely be retrieved. A man should never lose confidence in his own case, nor despair of escape if captured ; if he does, his case becomes hopeless. Never was I in a situa- tion where hope entirely left me. A spy should have as little superfluous or unneces- sary conversation as possible. His information should mainly be derived from observation. I once came across a spy that G-eneral Grant had sent out, who was an inveterate talker. I was alarmed for his safety, and, as soon as an opportunity occurred, I said to him, "You talk too much. General Grant requires us not to talk." The fellow made fun of my advice. What became of him I do not know ; he never re- turned to our lines. Scouts sometimes get frightened ; I have been. So do commanding officers and enlisted men. I have known a Major-General to dodge at the whiz of a bullet, and a whole regiment to become stampeded by a runaway mule ! The best of men are sometimes the victims of fear. It should, however, be guarded against. I made a practice of getting all the information that I could, without exposing myself to the danger of SCOUT AND SPY. 391 recognition, concerning the different regiments in the Confederate service. It was often of great service to me to know where such regiments were raised, and who commanded them, and also what brigades, divi- sions, and departments they were in. The names and residence of prominent individuals were also of great service to me. A knowledge of the language and habits of the people, wherever a spy travels, is of great advantage. I have no idea that I would have succeeded as I did if I had not lived in the South before the war commenced. I have been very successful in managing scouting and forage parties. I attribute it to the fact that I always watched for myself and my men. I have known several officers and their details to get cap- tured because of depending entirely on the men to do the watching. Men become careless in such duties, and a surprise is often the consequence. In my travels in the enemy's country as a spy, I was very particular to observe the features of the country through which I passed whether wooded, cultivated, level, or hilly ; the condition of the roads whether hard, sandy, or wet ; the condition of the streams and their location whether fordable or not, and the manner of crossing and the nature of their banks. Also, the location of springs and wells, and the supply of water that they afforded. Such informa- tion is of great value to a commanding officer. There is great responsibility resting upon a scout and spy. If his reports are reliable, the commanding officer knows how to execute his movements success- 392 THE GREAT AMERICAN fully ; but if his reports are false, and the command- ing officer relies upon them as truth, the probability is that his movements will end in disaster, with a sacrifice of hundreds, and" perhaps thousands, of lives. It is far better for a scout, if he fails to accomplish his mission, to report it a failure, for, sooner or later, it will be found out. It is mortifying to fail in one's mission, but that is of little consequence compared with jeopardizing a whole army. I have several times failed to accomplish my mission, but my re- ports of such failures have always tended to increase the confidence of my employers in my reliability. Having finished my services for the Government, I am once more a citizen, engaged in the pursuits of civil life. I have " beaten my sword into a plough- share," and my bayonet into a "pruning-hook," and have become a resident of the ' ' Far West ;" and though I "became a changed man," and did not take for a better half "Miss Annie," nevertheless I am married and settled in life, and can look back with proud sat- isfaction upon the result of my labors. Now, reader, you have followed me in my humble career from the commencement of the war to its close, and you are able to discern with approximate cor- rectness whether the part I have acted, in sustaining the noble institutions of our great Republic, has been of any benefit, The war is now over. The flag of our country again proudly floats over the entire domain. Peace, prosperity, and the pursuit of happiness have taken SCOUT AND SPY. 393 the place of deadly strife. In place of teaching the art of war, we are now enlarging our commerce and friendly intercourse. In a few years the blackened trail of contending armies will smile with luxuriant harvests. We have the satisfaction of knowing that American liberty still exists ; that the institutions inaugurated by the hardships and sufferings of our forefathers, baptized with their blood, and consecrated by their prayers, are renewed and perpetuated. The prin- ciples that they struggled to maintain still live. The fires of patriotism that were kindled in the bosoms and flashed in flames of heroic valor at Lex- ington, Bunker Hill, Saratoga, and Yorktown, still burn in the bosoms of their children's children, and have burst forth in glorious illuminations of valor upon .such fields as Donelson, Yicksburg, Antietam, At- lanta, and Richmond. The heroes of this war have proved themselves worthy of their ancestry, and have baptized and con- secrated anew their precious inheritance by giving their best blood for its maintenance. Never were prayers more devoutly and fervently uttered, never did blood more freely flow, never was treasure more extensively lavished, or individual sacrifice more cheerfully borne, than in the war from which we have just emerged. Our children and children's children will look back upon our deeds of valor and sacrifice with the same feelings of respect that we cherish for the fathers of the Revolution, and the institutions which we have 394 THE GREAT AMERICAN perpetuated will be doubly dear to them for that second sacrifice. Let me here present my sincere and heartfelt thanks to the generous ladies of this Union, who have so nobly borne their part through the struggles of this great rebellion, and to those who so generously volunteered their services in administering to the wants of the sick and wounded in the hospitals, amid the groans of my bleeding comrades, torn by the shot and shell of the enemy, weltering in pools of blood, with fractured skulls and amputated limbs. May their beneficent labors never be forgotten, and may the emblem of our country ever float proudly over the graves that enclose them. Let us then watch carefully the treasures of liberty, and so use them as to invoke the smiles of Heaven upon our sacred trust, Let us acknowledge His di- recting hand, and, by strict integrity and adherence to the principles of truth, justice, and righteousness, prove ourselves worthy of the trust that we have re- ceived. Millions yet unborn, calling to mind the noble deeds of daring, arid the patriotic devotion of these heroes of the Grand Army of this Eepublic. who bore, in triumph, the star-decked emblem of our nation through the proud embattled hosts of the enemy, will rise up to bless the God of battles for such a noble ancestry, and will crown them with perpetual and immortal honors. CERTIFICATES AND ENDORSEMENTS OF THE GREAT AMERICAN SCOUT AND SPY, " GENERAL BUNKER" THE foregoing narratives here related arc facts that actually occurred in the experience of G. L. Rnggles, and many of these are as well authenticated as any facts in history. There has been no aim at making this a work of general history, but simply a narrative of personal experience, coupled with only so much of the general history of the war as is necessary to explain the cause of the events that transpired in his experience. Many of these are incidents of daring that are without parallel in the scout service, and reveal the interior of war as it is not seen in the gen- eral records of history. The following testimonials of the value of his services and the truthfulness of his reports will be read with interest : " HEADQUARTERS IST BRIGADE, 3o DIVISION', ) 17TH ARMY CORPS, December 1 1 , 1863. f 'I have known Mr. Ruggles since December, 18C1. I remember very well his first expedition as a spy, in June, 396 CERTIFICATES AND ENDORSEMENTS. 1862, when the 20th was at Grand Junction, then an ex- posed outpost, under command of General Leggett. " Since that time he has been continually employed on such duty, often on expeditions of extreme hazard. He has shown as much address as daring. Many a camp-fire has been enlivened with stories of his adventures, while commanding officers have set high value upon his reports. "I remember Mr. Kuggles as one of our best sharp- shooters in the war. His skill in this department, as well as in the scout service, often obtained him leave to go out from the line on somewhat independent duty. At Cham- pion Hills I gave him liberty to go with Company A, which was sent out as skirmishers to open the way for an advance, on account of his skill. " At the siege of Vicksburg, he had a special permanent permission to be among the sharp-shooters on the ad- vanced lines. On the clay of the general but unsuccessful charge in May, 1863, he was mainly instrumental in driving away the artillerists from two of the enemy's guns on the right of the Jackson road. "During the siege, his Henry rifle, presented to him by General Grant, was one of the marked pieces among the sharp-shooters of the 17th Corps. "M. F. FOKCE, "Brig.-Getil Vols., late Cohnd 20^ Ohio." " HEADQUARTERS, SD Dmsiox, I?TH ARMY CORPS, ) VICKSBURG, Miss., December 7, 1863. f "Mr. Ruggles (or 'General Bunker,' as he is better known) has acted as scout and spy for me on very many occasions since the early part of June, 1862. In this char- acter he has been remarkably successful, seldom ever fail- ing to satisfactorily accomplish the mission on which he was sent. CERTIFICATES AND ENDORSEMENTS. 397 " Many scenes of his life as a spy are intensely interest- ing. " At some future time, I shall probably be at liberty to relate a few incidents of considerable interest in his career, of which he himself is as yet ignorant. " M. D. LEGGETT, Brigadier- General." " MEMPHIS, TESTS., November 28, 18G3. "Captain E. C. Downs: " DEAE SIB, You wrote me some time since, inquiring as to the services of Mr. Buggies as a scout and spy for the Union army. In reply I would state that Mr. Buggies was a superior man for the work assigned him, and the infor- mation obtained through him of the movements of the enemy was always reliable. " In the discharge of his duties, he was active, energetic, and heroically brave. His gallantry in the service deserves honorable mention in the work of which you speak. " I am truly yours, "LEONARD F. Boss." " HEADQUARTERS 17xn ARMY CORPS, \ "DEPARTMENT OP THE TENNESSEE, " VICKSBURG, Miss., December 15, 1863. ' " To wliom it may concern : " This is to certify that Mr. Buggies has been employed by me at various times during the past year, and I have always found him brave, adventurous, and truthful. " His services as a scout have been very important, and he deserves well of the military authorities. "JAMES B. McPHEESON, Major- General." 398 CERTIFICATES AND ENDORSEMENTS. " ZANESVILLE, Omo, July 31, I860. ' It affords me pleasure to state that I am personally ac- quainted with Mr. Lorain Buggies, known in the army as 'General Bunker.' He belonged to my command, and I know he was regarded as one of the most intrepid scouts in the 17th Army Corps. He was in high favor with all our general officers, and I think rendered more efficient service in the capacity of scout and spy than any man with whom I am acquainted. He certainly deserves well of his country. " I never knew him to give false intelligence, and in his forthcoming work should recommend it as a truthful nar- rative of his personal adventures, many of which I am knowing to. " G. F. WILES, "Late Colond 78th 0. V. V. /., and Brevet Brig.-Gen'L" " CAUKOLTON, OHIO, June 27, I860. " I am glad to add my testimony to the reputation of ' Bunker' as a scout and spy. I believe him to have been the most reliable and successful scout in the Western army. "'Bunker' had the confidence of Lieutenant-General Grant and Major-Generals McPherson and Logan, which he earned by skilful labor during the campaign, and which resulted in the capture of Vicksburg and its garrison. " Yours truly, "B. F. POTTS, "Late Brevet Major- General U. S. Fds" " CARBOSDALK, ILL., July 1, 18G6. " I am well acquainted with Mr. Buggies, or, as we called him in the army, ' General Bunker.' He was certainly a very excellent scout, and performed great service in that branch of duties. He served as scout for me, as well as for many others, and at all times performed his part well ; ran CERTIFICATES AND ENDORSEMENTS. 399 great risks ; was not only a good scout, but one of the best sharp-shooters, perhaps, in the army. " Yours truly, "JOHN A. LOGAN." " WASHINGTON, D. C., July 9, 1865. "Major K C. Doivns: " DEAR SIR, In the work of which you speak, you are at liberty to refer to me concerning the value of the services rendered by Mr. Ruggles as a scout and spy. His reports were always reliable, and were held in high estimation by me. " Yours truly, "U. S. GRANT. 11 Lieutenant- General U, S. A" Such testimonials as the foregoing give the narra- tives contained in the preceding pages a reputation of reliability that cannot be doubted. Whenever a mission of great danger was to be executed, Mr. Ruggles was the man that was usually chosen to per- form it. His quick comprehension and heroic daring enabled him to address himself to the work, which he rarely ever failed to accomplish. Often the boldness of his designs proved to be the reason of his success. Yery few have equalled, while none have excelled, him in that line of duty. Many of the incidents in his experience are so wonderful, that without such endorsements as we have here presented, we might have been led to doubt. But with such an array of testimony every word is established. The paramount value of the book is its truthfulness. It will prove a valuable addition to any library. 400 CERTIFICATES AND ENDORSEMENTS. The following certificate was obtained, just as we were going to press, from the son of a well-known and honored citizen of Norwalk, who, while yet in youth, has risen, by energy and heroic bravery, from the rank of a teacher to a Brevet Major-General, and who stands forth to-day as a bold and intelligent defender of those principles for which he fought : " NEW YOJIK, October 25, 1868. "Brevet Major- General W. T. Clark: " GENERAL, We have been referred to you, by Dr. Asa Hill, of Norwalk, Conn., as one probably familiar with the military career of C. L. Ruggles, whose adventures as a scout and spy we are now publishing. Anything you may choose to furnish us on this subject will be most thankfully received. " With great respect, " Tour obedient servants, "OLMSTED & WELWOOD." " NORWALK, CONN., October 27, 1888. "Messrs. Olmsted & Wdicood: "GENTLEMEN, I know Mr. Kuggles, or "General Bunker," his army sobriquet ; have known him since the fall of 1862. His reputation as an excellent soldier and reliable scout was well established in the Array of Tennessee. " Ho ever had the confidence of his commanding generals in an eminent degree. " Yours, "W. T. CLARK, " Brevet Major- General, " Late Chief of Staff, Army of Tennessee:' UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. vx ^ 211995 Form L9-75w-7,'61(C1437s4)444 E 608 R84D7 1868