History of the Bench and Bar of California r.^^-m;^" With <>;, ,i p ^H mki^.i m.m Sf i^ih -\>.o:vm* » M 'mJ^ 'iff'!-! iKk\ t^^ > <». 1^ yp c >£ r'#^^ ^fX i"- 1i< *"'M' K . * v4' r>^. ^^ Mk m ^%f. mt '}m . f ^1 lf#^ Kim Mmf fcil'i! THE LIBRARY OF THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES SCHOOL OF LAW HISTORY OF THE BENCH AND BAR OF CALIFORNIA EDITED BY J. C. BATES BENCH AND BAR PUBLTSHING COMPANY PUBLISHERS SAN FRANCISCO 1912 J •B .?/'•' L i5"2- HISTORY OF THE P.E\( TT AND BAR OF CALIFORNIA Photopraphs by BLSHXELL, San Francisco BOYE, San Francisco VAL'GHAN & FRASER. San Francisco RED BI.IFF STIDIO. Red Bluff HEMENWAY. Li.s Angeles MUSHET. Los Angeles STECKEL. Los Angeles STROM BERO, San Diego BR0CK-HK;GENS. Santa Barbara BREWSTER STIDIO, Ventura FIELD, Riverside BACON. lyong Beach SHIFORD, Redlands SIIAFFNER, San Bernardino JAMES, Visalia SHINKLE, Woodland WILCOX, riiiah Press of FILMER BROTHERS ELECTROTYPE CO. San Francisco A WORD IN ADVANCE. THERE is perennial interest in stories of the achievements of lawyers. One cannot read of the history of the Continental Congress, of the origin of a single state in the Union, or of the development of any commonwealth, w^ithont coming upon stories of bench and bar. California is not an exception to this sweeping statement. Even before the lawyers and their technical ({nibbling came, there was a well-defined order in the community of pioneers, in mining camps, and mountain fastnesses. Bret Harte, Dan De Quille, Sam Davis, Mark Twain, Arthur McEwen, and scores of less famous writers have woven fascinating stories around those rude scenes where primitive men dealt with outlaws. No matter how rude the civilization, especially among English- speaking people, some form of quasi-legal procedure springs up. The eloquent Bishop tells us, in his First Book of the Law, and else- where, that law is the order that pervades and controls the universe. It is for this reason that all communities struggle to administer it in some form or other; hence stories of bench and bar, anecdotes of contests, interpretations, and the culmination of the ambitions and intrigues of men. When we think of Patrick Henry, of Choate, Webster, CUw, Calhoun, Hamilton, Voorhees, Ingersoll, Henry Clay Dean and other men eminent in statesmanship and oratory in the nation, it is to recall stories of bench and bar, for their great achievements, their training, and all their development were at one time or another in the atmosphere of courts. The young man who reads Emerson's statement that the dream of youth and the most serious occupation of manhood is in the search for great men, will find that search oftenest rewarded, in the fields of brilliant achievement, in the arenas offered by courts of law. As the life, liberties, property rights, bequests, sacred wishes of the dying, and passions and intrigues of the living find their theater in the contentions of litigants, the intellectual combats of astute and eloquent lawyers, and the calm decisions of judges, whose motto was that justice be done, so the student of human conduct finds the note of joy and pain, of anxiety and care in the biographies of lawyers and the stor}- of their triumphs and defeats. In the land of the argonauts history has been rich in incidents that the historian and the reader alike should find botli valuable and entertaining. 4 // / >• 7 (} i: I (' A L AVitli few I'XiH'ptioiis tlie liistory nf the hciu-li ami the bar ol" California has been free from taint. Its reettnl will compare favor- ably with that of other states, even of old and staid eoninionwealths. Despite the jokin^r of hnmorists and vandeville performers, there is little justification for the reproach that has often been east on the leiral profession, yet such retleetions have frequently, perhaps almost always, been east on the profession. In the days of Lonirfellow it was said of his father that he was an '* honest lawyer." The writer came to the l)ar forty-six years airo and soon became accjuainted with all the profession then at the l)ar. including: the "leiral giants." He recalls that one of the honorable members of the profession, wiio afterward served for eleven years on the su- preme bench, once spoke to him as follows: "I have found in my experience at the bar and on the bench that the legal profession is the most honorable profession there is. and I will make no excep- tions.*' An ex-chief justice of the United States said of Daniel Webster : "It is impossible to overestimate the support the court receives from the arguments of Mr. Webster. In his arguments, fidelity to the court is as conspicuous as fidelity to his client. It was not client first and conscience afterward, but duty to both, one and insep- arable." There was one traitor among the disciples of old. but exceptions should not prevail against the general rule among the legal pro- fession any more than others. The object of every attorney, the same as that of the judge, should be to promote justice and thus keep up the standard. "Justiee is the greatest interest of man on eartli. It is the litigant that holds civilized societies together. Wliere her temple stands, and so long as duly honored, there is the foundation of social secur- ity, general happiness, and the improvements and progress of the human race." As expressed in verse : In life's legal battles for nuin and for right. Let this be our motto — keep justice in .sight; 'Tis justice man lives for. that justice prevail Our forefathers battled and never did ipiail. GOLD CHANGES THE LAWS. IT was really the discovery of gold and the great rush of American population that transformed California into a modern state, governed by American rather than ^lexican customs and laws; for without the sturdy pioneers there would have been much delay in the development of the legal system that followed and has developed into what we have to-day. Though ]\IexieD had lost California, in fact, the old customs lingered here and there, the atmosphere of the state being like that of the great republic to the south. And after the rush of gold there was a rapid process of law-making, in the sense of establishing cus- toms that had the sacredness of legislative enactment. In later years, molded largely by the hand of Stephen J. Field, the mining customs became the definite laws of the state, applying to that large and romantic industry that made its development possible. Xo history of the bench and bar, no history, in fact, of any of the early or recent activities of California, would be adequate without at least brief reference to the influence of the gold era on the destinies of the California of a later day. The Power of Gold. So long as men shall covet wealth under an industrial system that makes money the key to power, the historj^ of the accidental discovery of gold in far-away California will appeal to mankind with the weird and luring freshness of romance ; and the history of the finding of the first tiny particles by the discoverer of 1848, the story of the ingots first made in the far west, and of the "dust" first used — the strange fact that men actually feared that the precious metal would become as common as iron — all this must ever remain the great romance of the nineteenth century. It was the romance that made an empire of a wilderness, turned the heads of sturdy men in all countries, and worked wonders with many humble families. And when law, the universal molder of humane society, began to bring order out of chaos, when a great state was finally evolved from the mining camps and great rancheros, it was found that hundreds of formerly lowly persons had been lifted to lordly power. The Cap of Fortunatus. so to speak, had been placed on the heads of the paupers of only a few years before. The history of the bench and bar has much to do with the evolu- tion of society in California. Without law, properly administered, a vast area such as California would have fallen prey to all sorts 6 HISTORICAL of outlawry; for however Imiu'st ami t*«irt'fiil tin* pii)in*i*rs miirlit have been, aud however satisfaetory their rude system of adminis- teriu": justice niiirht have been under primitive conditions, trouble would have arisen with the complications of property, the complex relations of an advaneiui: eivilization. and the ireneral development of resources. Drumhead Courts. Drum-head courts in tlie woods answered the erude ne«'ds of routrh-and-ready days, hut vast prolilems arise wlieii civilization advances to a i>oint of wealth ami eoniplieated activities. The marvel of the entrancinir and never tiresome story of early California, of the discovery of jrold and the struirtrles of the com- munity to administer justice, lies partly in the fact that .so many fjenerations had passed before anybody really learned that the bri«:ht particles so often seen were really gold, and that it remained for a humble millwright to discover, quite by accident, in the glit- tering gravel of a tailrace, that which had lain hidden through the ages of Spanish exploration, and which was destined from the moment that ^Marshall saw it to revolutionize the history of men and countries, to give California a vast and complex system of mining laws and property holdings. January 24. 18-48. must ever remain the date wlien James W. ^larshall beheld a sight that made possible the civilization of the state of the argonauts, preceding the laws and customs, the tradi- tions and anecdotes of bench and liar that make tliat porti(tn of the history of California. Where the Law^ Failed. It is with regret that one I'eatLs of the fate of Sutter, on whose property gold was di.scovered. He was plundered again and again, and the courts were powerless to give him redress. The di.scovery of gold caused a stampede among his emphiyees, who Hed into the mountains in search of the precious metal, took his hor.ses. and left his crops to rot for want of harvesters. His cattle were left to the mercy of thieves. Sutter also caught the gold fever and set .some two liundred of the Indians that remained with him to digging gold, but his enterprise, on the American River, was unsuccessful because it eost too much to produce the output. Gold-hunters were generoiLsly fed at his table, thousands of them, as they pushed on to the mines. Some $60.0(K) worth of his stock was stolen, but he got no reimbursement. Timber and grass were cut and carried away; he was deprived of his timlx'r and lands, "under new HI STOBICAL 7 laws" and circumstances, and, strangely, he was never able to get redress in the courts. Sutter Runs for Governor. In 1851 he ran for governor on the Whig ticket, but was defeated, whereupon he retired in comparative poverty to his farm, a small, un- disputed possession on the Feather River, with the empty title of general of militia as his comfort. However, the state did grant him a pension of $250 a month, in recognition of his services. The pension was stopped in 1868, but Sutter went to Washington and struggled for twelve years to get com- pensation for his lands. In this quest he was unsuccessful, and he died in poverty in June, 1880. Thus, not only did the early laws fail to stop the hand of plunderers or make redress for their invasions, but the national law- makers failed to make restitution for the damage done by those who invaded a private citizen's rights and stole his propert.y in the days of old, the days of gold, the days of '49. This condition is not to be wondered at when the reader reflects on what happened in California — in San Francisco, in particular — even after the adoption of the sovereign law of the land. Even in this era of supposed order, the people of San Francisco were con- fronted with problems of disorder and anarchy that led to the forming of the famous vigilance committees that became noted in the history of the early days. Lawyers at the Helm. In an entertaining article, entitled "California's Gift to Civiliza- tion," by President David Starr Jordan, of Stanford University, that distinguished scholar says: "The lawyers. I am told, took the leading part in the development of California for the first twenty years of her life as a state, reluctantly yielding that place in later days to the man of affairs." Work of Good Lawyers. "It was the influence of good and honest lawyers that brought about the use of the English language in the early courts and re- placed the Civil Law of Roman origin by the English Common Law. Prominent in this work, so important in the legal civilization of Cali- fornia, was Elisha 0. Crosby, in 1850. Not less important was the exclusion of slavery, accomplished largely at the bar, backed by public opinion and by the moral force of Thomas Starr King and others of California's great moral teachers." Perhaps no one name in the history of California's jurisprudence stands out more conspicuously than that of Stephen J. Field, by rea- son of the high place he occupied in the national supreme court, as 8 HIS TO i: I (' A I. wt'll as l)y till' preiloiuiiiatiiiir J>art Ik- took, prior to liis promotion to federal place, in the affairs of the state itself — ami lastly, by reason of his trreat (piarrel with .Tudire Terry. \vli.» was .slain as the de- nouement oi that lon«5 ami l)ittt'r fend. Field s Great Part. Associated with the name of Fit'ld. iiowever. are sueh accom- plishments, in California. ;us the e.stahlishment of community prop- erty, the change of what were originally unwritten mining customs into mining laws, and the development of the Code of Civil Procedure, which, following closely the model of New York, made common law pleading a thing of the past. Field, with a keen hrain and a clever insight, being also a man of education and studious habits, careered at a formative era in the history of the Golden State, exerting a pow- erful influence on the civilization of his time. Others whose names are especially honored in memory are too numerous to mention at this moment, but among the conspicuous may be mentioned Lorenzo Sawyer. John B. Felton. Oscar L. Shafter. Samuel L. "Wilson. Hall McAllister, Joseph P. Hogue. William T. Wallace. John T. Doyle. Eugene Casserly. Nathaniel Bennett. John Garber. ITenry ?>. ITiLditon. and W. H. E. Barnes. President Jordan ascribes much of the success of Leland Stanford, as war governor, and David Broderick. as anti-slavery leader, to the advice and co-operation of good lawyers of sound mind and patriotic impulses. lie says that it is j^robably true that good lawyers had much to do with California's self-restraint in the period before Congress gave a system of laws to the newly acquired territory, and in the beginning of the "War of the Rebellion. This self-restraint has been aptly called, by Professor Al>l)ott. "one of the finest examples in American history." It was fortunate for those who lived in the troid)lous times of early California that really good lawyeiN were at the helm. A good lawyer has been defined as one who lives a clean life, lends a hand in the public service, and works hard and dies poor, with his debts paid. Nathan Abbott says that a great lawyer, if he be a lawyer merely, "is not much more than a great actor, lie may be popular, with his name on every tongue, but he is not a moral force, and unless a man is at heart a moral man he cannot be said to be a factor in civiliza- tion." California's early leaders at the bar were broad-gauged men. men who rejected the definition of the advocate who said: "In office and court I am my client: elsewhere, I am myself." Such lawyers are never great figures in tlie development of a rational, well- founded civilization. HISTORIC AL 9 The Old Regime. It is not out of place to gianee backward for a moment at the old regime and get an idea of conditions that existed at the time of the founding of the first settlement under modern laws, rather than under the ^Mexican system, combined with the government of the padres. It should be borne in mind that the ^Mission Dolores, of San Fran- cisco, was started on the bank of a lagoon and was consecrated by the building of an altar and the celebration of the first mass, June 29, 1776. a date almost coincident with the ringing of the tocsin that sounded freedom in Philadelphia and for the continental states. As the early missions had a close contact with civil government and the administration of law, it is well to review the work that was going forth in early days at San Jose. The mission of Santa Clara was founded on January 12, 1777, three months after that at San Francisco. On November 29, 1777, the town of San Jose, or El Pueblo de San Jose, was founded, having been selected as the spot for the town by reason of its rare beauty. In the spring of 1777 Governor Felipe de Neve had noticed the haunting beauty of the country surrounding the Santa Clara Mission, and it was he that selected the site of San Jose as an eligible one for the pueblo, or village. Settlers Attracted. Inducements were at once offered to people to go from the Pre- sidio of San Francisco, and each settler volunteering was given some oxen, cows, horses, sheep, and goats. Sixty-eight pioneers thus founded the pueblo of San Jose. In this humble way the very first authorized settlement in the state had its beginning, being the first town to be created and ruled under civil government alone. From the start the settlers were granted all the rights and immunities belonging to the provincial pueblos under Spanish laws. Los Angeles was started under the same regime, and it was the second city established under civil law, the date of its creation being September. 1781. To the old mission fathers, however, belongs the credit of beginning the colonization of California. In spite of some just criticism for the training they gave the Indians, their interference with marriages, etc., their memory is entitled to the honor of great work along the line of obedience to law. In the early work of the fathers there was considerable dissatis- faction among the people. It was complained that the priests, while teaching morality and obedience to law, interfered with the laws of nature by interdicting the marriage of white persons. By their ad- vice, soldiers were not permitted to marry without the consent of 10 HIS T O i: I C A L the Spanish sovereign — and the priests always advised airainst the giving of such consent. It is said that thoy preferred the docile Indians to the uncertain tempered whites. A number of colonists came from Spain, however, hut Ihey were ecimpelled to buy their lauils from the fathers. Spanish Rule Outlined. No account of the beginnings of things civil in California would be adequate without some reference to the conditiou.s that prevailed under Spauisli rule. Old Spanish archives have yielded a succinct account of these primitive conditions. ^Mr. Edmund Randolph, a California pioneer, made a careful study of these documents in ISGO. visiting the office of the surveyor-general for that jturpose. He found many interest- ing facts that may be sunnnai'i/.ed briefly for tlie i)urposes of this work. It appears tliat all functions, eivil ami military, judicial and economic, were united. primaril\ . in the person of the commandante of a presidio, in due subjection to his superior, and so on. up to the king, an autocrat whose person was represented and whose will was exerci.sed through officers in every part of his dominion. California being a part of that dominion. In the archives of California may be found what was know n as a reglamento. which is a set of regulations governing the Califor- nians. Its headline announces that it is for the governing of the presidios, the promotion of the erection of new missions, and for the populating and extending of the establishments of ^lonterey. This remarkable document was drafted by the governor in 1779, sent to ^ladrid. and api)rove(l liy the king in 17S1. It pi'onudgates a royal reglamento for the governing of all presidios of the kingdom, with such small variations as the peculiar circumstances of California required — a true colonial system of control. The manner in which i)ueblos were founded is niveii in detail. Kacli settler was jiei'initted his })uil(ling lot and sowitig Held of two hundred varas stpiare. the whole together to have a common for w<»od. watei". and i)astni'a'_'c ; alsr in iray di-ess. as do ne«ri"oes and many other native races. Their ho.spitality to stranirei*s was remarkable. The tradesmen who settled amonj; them fonnd them honest, if slow, in the .settlement of their accounts. Conditions may he surmised Avhen it is recalled that hides were still tlie eurrency of the comitry. It was an event of the day when ships arrived from the eastei-n ports of the Tnited States. Natives a Free People. The natives were a careless, free people, fond of sports, not ambitious of worldly ^M>ods. and Liiven somewhat to Lramiu'r. The arrival of a ship from the east was an event in the life of the com- munity. By 1846 the white population of San Francisco was about two hundred souls, chietiy colonists of an adventurous spirit. Their reports of conditions must have been favorable, for by 1847 the population had increased to two thousand, including small settle- ments around the bay. The city itself had only about seven hundred population. Spanish customs, the Spanisli laii^uaire. and tlie Span- ish ideas of courts, judges, the autliority and sanction of law were common in those days. So far as litigation att'ecting domestic relations is concerned. we have it on good authority that men and tlieir wives were not in the habit of quarreling to any great extent. In short, the domes- tic lives of the people were probably an example to their visitors. The women were not of loose morals, though the men, given to pec- cadilloes and horseracing. sometimes wandered considerably from the teachings of the hoh- fathers. Church-going on Sundays was an almost universal custom. After the congregations were dismissed, however, horseracing was connnon. Card-playing, singing, dancing, and other amusements were tlie inevitai)le refuge during Sunday afternoons. The fandango soon followed their devotions, and they took great delight in the game of monte. Old Lawyers Were Popular. Lawyers in the early days i)artook of the character of the popu- lation, being "good fellows" in the sense that they knew outdoor sports and were good riders, good hunters, good anglers. Tuthill. the nntst interesting of nU the eai'ly writei-s on liist(»i'ieal matters. says it was a poor man who owned less than a dozen horses, but he who owned a real saddle was indeed a man of wealth. But such a saddle! It was elaborately made and artistically carved in every detail. Many a wi-etch. tempted to steal this invaluable treas- HISTORICAL 15 lire, was hanged for his criminal folly. A miscreant who dared to trifle with such a piece of property as a saddle had no escape from the anger of the outraged public. Few lawvers had the temerity to make much of a defense in such a case, if the evidence had anything like the semblance of truth— and spurious cases of the kind were indeed few. The characters who were likely to commit such grave offenses were pretty well known and suspected to such an extent that their stay in a community, even if their crimes did not find them out. was usually brief. Rodeo Drew Lawyers. A great event in the early days, and one that attracted crowds of professional men as well as others, was a rodeo, or annual round- ing up for branding cattle. For this purpose the animals were driven or herded together in bunches, then branded. Each owner's brand was deposited with the alcalde, whose judicial and advisorv powers were almost absolute within the field of his jurisdiction. An attempt to steal cattle was as serious an offense, almost, as could be committed. Like horse-thieves in Missouri, cattle-thieves in California usually ended their lives in their boots. Few lawyers were ever successful in defending men suspected of such crimes." There was no such thing known as trying to move a jury to sympathize with an erring thief of this description. Whether he had a nuither or grandmother living, one who prayed for her erring son. who was white-haired or otherwise, he usually met his fate at the hands of a jury steeled ag-ainst such crimes. Indeed, he was fortunate to escape with the verdict of a regular jury, for a sterner method was common in those days of rude justice. There was one exception to this statement. It is estimated that clever Indian thieves stole more than ten thousand horses from Californiaus be- tween 1827 and 18-17. Bands of Indian thieves of this character roamed the country. Their custom was to eat the flesh of the annuals they stole. This was perhaps the cause, originallv. for the great bitterness that developed against horse-thieves and cattle- thieves. Before the Conquest. Tuthill tells us that many of the settlers who arrived in Cali- fornia between the years 1826 and 1846 became leaders, some of them prominent in the professions as well as in commercial and political life. As many as two thousand lived in Upper California in 1846. many of them being trappers. A large number of them retired from their hardy pursuits and took part in civic affairs. le U I ST <} I! I C AL The annals i>f those early years abound in stories of virtue, eouratre. skill, and remarkable pcnvei-s of endurance. The men who adopted the constitution and founded the commonwealth were in no sense weaklintrs. They were lovers of liberty and law. although equal t() the emergencies of a land witliout those organized modes of administering it that characterize an advanced civilization. I'nfortunately for the native Californians. unfortunately, also, for the good name of the country, all men were not of the generous, law-respecting type. There were vagabonds and (luarrelsonie men among the early settlers, and at times they caused much tnuible and delayed the coming of good feeling l)etween the natives and the new population. It was this situation in {lart tiiat caused stern methods and substantial, rather than ethical, justice to be admin- istered in many instances. Hair-splitting not Known. Such stories as modern writers have written about some hair- splitting of judges coidd not have been suggested in the olden days, when even judges looked to justice and the spirit, rather than to the letter, of the law. Ambrose Bieree's charming fable about the supreme court justice and the drowning man could never have been drawn from primitive conditions in California. According to the distinguished author's version, an associate justice of an eastern supreme court was sitting by a river when a weary traveler ap- proached and said : "I want to cross. AVould it be lawful to use this boat? " "It would." was the reply; "it is my boat." The traveler thanked him. and. pushing the boat into the water, embarked and rowed away. But the boat sank and he was drowned. "Heartless man!" said an indignant spectator. "Why did you not tell him that your boat had a hole in it .' '" "The matter of the boat's condition." said the jurist, "was nnt brought before me." This recalls the story of a young lawyer from the east. who. with academic polish, sought to practice law in the early days of California. Ilis mind was full of definitions. He knew the rule in Shelley's Case, all about shifting uses, contingent remainders, and the definitions of law itself. lie could (|Uote Hooker's Ecclesiastical Polity, and knew tliat the law had her seat in the l)osom of (}od. that her voice was the harmony of the world. The first client who came across his threshold asked. "What's the law governing hogs?" The next man wanted to know something about mines. The voung HISTORIC AL 17 man floundered. He knew nothing about practical affairs, polished as he was in the field of definitions. Pretty soon the client looked out of a window, gave a shrill whistle, and in came a red-shirted, heavily booted, grizzly-looking man of some iorij years of age. Over his shoulder was a shovel, his hands Avere soiled — but he was a practical lawyer and gave the advice required, without hesi- tation. The story, whose location is lost in the blur of years, may have been a fictitious creation, but it gives a good idea of the conditions of early California. EARLY (OrRTS L\ CAIJFORNIA. "jVTOT loDfj after ^lexieo won her iiidependenee from Spain, the 1 ^ old Mexican states known as Sonora and Siualoa were formed into two territories, known as the Calif ornias — Upper and Lower. These two territories constituted the sixth judicial circuit of the Mexican Republic. Alta California, which means upper, became the California of to-day. It was then one of the judicial districts of the sixth circuit. At Rosario. as early as 1828. a court was establislied. with Jose Joatiuin Aviles as judire. but no court was established for Upper California. An ecclesiastical court, presided over by Padre Jose Sanchez, then president of the missions and vieai- foraui'. took care of the early contentions of litigants. This vicario foraneo was the direct representative of the bishop of Sonora. This arrantrement lasted until December 29. 1836, when a new law was made by Mexico. Under this statute the alcaldes were irranted jurisdiction over certain cases known to the civil law. To use civil law terms these cases were those of conciliation, oral litiiration. and preliminary proceedings, Ixtth civil and criminal. In June. 181:5, the question of organizing a sort of superior court was seriously considered. This trilninal was to consist of two judges, or minLsters, as they were called, also an attorney-general. The court, of course, had two chambers. In each capital of a partido there was to be a tribunal of inferior jurisdiction. It was to be a court of first instance, presided over provisionally by the first alcalde where there was a town coun- cil. In other instances, a justice of tlu^ peace was to have control. "War with the United States really interrupted matters judicial to such an extejit that the sy.stem hat! no fair trial, so the transition from old to new methods was sudden, after the wai-. American occupation and control, with annexation, ended old methods. It should be said that the first administration, of a military type, was in many ways highly satisfactory. Military officials won honor by the wa.v they administered the law up to the lime that civil government anil more formal tribunals wei-e established. Military Administration. Colonel Richard B. ^la.son was the first military governor. lb- was in power from ]May 'U. 1847. until April 13. 1849. It was his firm belief that the military power should always renuiin subor- HIST OBI C AL 19 dinate to the civil, as announced hy George Washington when he was a young man in the Continental Army. With these views soundly imbued in the very fiber of his nature, he was both popular and etficient. He appears, from all accounts, to have been a man of excellent judgment and sound character. Although he might have become despotic, he was always kind and broad-minded. He ordered that all cases should be tried by juries. In civil cases these juries consisted of six -members; in criminal, of twelve. An instance of the way Governor ]\Iason wiped out what had grown to be a scandal, is cited by Hittell, in his History of California. It seems that there had been complaint for a long time that special privileges had been granted to the clergy of the Catholic church, as under the ecclesiastical era of history. In November, 18-17, a remarkable test came before the governor. It seems that Father Real, of Santa Clara, was sued for a breach of contract. He pleaded that he was an ecclesiastic, and therefore not amenable to the judgment of what the civil law had termed a profane court, a worldly tribunal. The })lea had been usual in California for so many generations that it seemed almost a bit of profanation to question it; but the matter was referred to Governor ]Mason. He quickly decided the case against the priest. He said he did not know just what peculiar privileges had been enjoyed by clergymen in the past, but he felt sure that when a priest entered into a secular bargain he had departed from his religious calling. In the case at bar, it appeared the bargain had been made with a worldly man, a citizen. The making of that bargain, held the governor, placed the priest on an equality with the citizen, and he should be required, like everybody else, to have his cause tried by the secular court and to abide by the terms of his agreement. The decision put an end to what had begun to lead to many disputes and considerable bitterness of feeling. The incident is said to show the character of Mason, whose memory was long revered by those who knew him. An Important Administration. General Bennett Riley succeeded Governor Mason, and his ad- ministration was destined to play an important part in the judicial histor}- and forms of i)rocedure of the state. Judge E. W. McKin- stry once paid Governor Riley the high compliment of saying that he was a brave, level-headed man, and not a constitution monger. 20 // / N TO I! I ( A A Tile jialjze said: "lie niiplovtMl williout osti'iitat ion. and sui'n'iidfn'd without delay, such eivil powei's as were tlinist upon liiiu hy an extraordinary eonil)iiiat ion of eii-einnstances." On June ^. lf>4!>. (iovenior Kiley issued tlu' nu)st important proclamation of his administrati<»n — one that crdied for the cleetion of a su])erior court of four .)U(1l:<'s and a fiscal, a jud.Lic of iii-st in- stance for each district. alealdevS. and justices of the peace. John W. (Jeary was eiiosen first alcalde of San Francisco, the election takiuir place on August 1. 184!). He got all the votes cast in San FraJicisco. whicli amounted to lolli. Frank Turk was chosen second alcalde. It will he noticed that in the cases of Mason. Geary, and Turk, the names of streets in San Francisco attest the popularity of the men. Peter 11. Burnett was chosen from San Fi'ancisco and San Jose as one of the judges of the superior court. The other three were Pacificus Ord. Lewis Dent, and Jose M. Covarruhias. Fred- erick Billings was then appointed attorney-general (or fiscal) by Governor Riley. William B. Almond was also ajipointed a judge of a special court of first instance only, with civil juristliction only. Almond's peculiarities were remarkable. It is said that he had no respect for lawyers and their ([nibbling. He had an idea he could see through any case at a glance, and wIumi he had nuide uj* his mind concerning a fact, a law. or a case, he was as unalterable as the laws of the ancient Persians. Learned opinions, judicial precedents, lawyers' speeches, and all forms of technicality seemed to rouse his anger, llittell says Almond waved aside, as simple matters, (picstions that would have pu/zled a ^lanstield or a Marshall. Other Odd Conditions. In the early stages of jiwisprudcnce in ( 'alifoiMiia. man\' methods were in vogue. The foi-m of justice conformed moi'o or less to the state of civilization in the particular district under the jurisdiction of county I'ourts. which also liad jurisdiction in such si>ecial cases as the leiris- lature might p^o^^de. The legislature, as authorized by the constitution, selected S. C. Hastings, chief justice of the supreme court, with Henry A. Lyon and Nathaniel Bennett as associate justices. On the thirtieth day of March. 1850. the legislature, after divid- ing the state into nine judicial districts, elected the district judges. On April 5th. after the election of a superior court for San Fran- cisco, the legislature elected three judges for it. Those first chosen for these positions were : O. S. "Witherby. for the first district ; Henry A. Tefft. for the second district : John H. Watson, for the third dis- trict ; Levi Parson, fourth district ; Charles X. Creaner, for the fifth district : James F. Thomas, sixth district ; Robert Hopkins, seventh district ; William R. Turner, eighth district ; and W. Scott Sherwood, for the ninth district. P. H. ^lorse was elected chief judge. Hugh C. ^lurray and James Caleb Smith, associates for the superior court of San Francisco. Old Amendments. Amendments to the constitution of 1849. which were ratified on the 3d of September. 1862. reorganized the .supreme court by increas- ing its members to five judges. Their terms of office were at the same time extended from six to ten years. They were, by the new provision, given appellate jurisdiction in cases of equity, also in all cases of law involving title to real estate. Cases in which the value or demand of property' in litigation amounted to three liundred dollars also came under their jurisdiction, as did eases arising in probate courts, criminal cases amounting to felony, where questions of law alone were involved. Power was given this tribunal to issue writs of mandamus, cer- tiorari, prohibition, and habeas corpus. Under the constitution of 1840 the supreme court failed to get any original jurisdiction. The state, under that instrument, was divided into fourteen judicial districts, with power reserved in the legislature to make such alterations, from time to time, as the public good might seem to require. Such alterations could not be made, however, except by a two- thirds vote of the members of the legislature. In addition to juris- diction in cases of equity and law. the district courts and the judges thereof were, by this enactment, authorized to issue writs of habeas corpus in behalf of persons held in custody in their respective dis- tricts. HISTORIC A L 23 Original jurisdiction for the count.y courts was given in many cases, among those being matters of forcible entry and detainer, insolvency, actions to prevent or abate nuisances, special cases and proceedings not otherwise provided for, and several phases of criminal procedure that were to be provided for from time to time by the legislature. Appellate Jurisdiction. These courts also had appellate jurisdiction in cases arising in justices' courts and some other inferior tribunals. Under the same law, county judges were given the power to hold probate courts and perform such duties as might be prescribed from time to time re- garding probate capacities. They were also given the right to issue writs of habeas corpus in their respective counties. It should be remembered that neither the constitution nor its amendments provided for any salary to be paid the judges of these courts. The compensation for these servants was to be determined from time to time by the legislature, wnth the provision that the pay should not be either increased nor diminished during the term for which any judge had been elected. After the first amendment of the constitution of 1849, Silas W. Sanderson, Lorenzo Saw.yer, John Currey, Augustus L. Rhodes, and Oscar L. Shafter were elected justices of the reorganized supreme court. These were learned and able men. and those who survived for any length of time after the expiration of their terms of office Avere much respected by the community. One of those who held the esteem of the comnumity during a long period of years was Honor- able John Currey, who was a prominent figure in San Francisco during many stormy times of later history. He ahvays took a vital interest in public afPairs. Judge Rhodes was also highly honored by the people after the expiration of his term of office. Justice was administered by the courts thus constituted for a period of seventeen years, with the minimum of complaint. Like all other human institutions, however, the system of course developed a few objectionable features, as a result of which a number of changes were imperatively demanded. Sundry opinions prevailed as to how these changes might be effected with the maximum of benefit and the minimum of evil. The view prevailing among most of the members of the bar was decidedh^ against any very radical change of the judicial system then prevailing. l)ut when the constitutioual couveution met in 1879, it was found that a majority of its members were in favor of many •2i HI STO EI C A L new provisious. There had been niiieh political agitation, which ripened this view to the point that about as many changes as could be thought of were demanded. Judicial System Revised. In accordance with the prevailing view, tiie judiciary was rather severely dealt with. The supreme court was still further enlarged in membership, seven judges instead of five being provided for. A decided revolution was in the appointment of five commissioners, given power to examine and give opinions in cases referred to them by the supreme court. The terms of the judges were extended to the period of twelve years and their salaries were fixed at six thousand dollars a year. The court was divided into two depart- ments, but arrangements were made for frequent sessions in bank to consider such cases as are regarded of .sufficient importance to justify this procedure. It was provided that the concurrence of all the judges in a department was made necessary for a judgment therein, and in bank the concurrence of four judges was made necessary. As the beginnings of things judicial always give one a better idea of their later developments, it may be worth while to dwell a little more in detail on the sweeping effects of the constitution of 1879. wliich organic document has figured conspicuously iu later judicial and political history. One of the remarkable and much discussed provisions of the new constitution, caused, no doubt, by judicial delays and some impatience on the part of the people, dealt with the method of rendering judicial decisions. Delay of justice is a denial of justice in many cases. This provision of the constitution was that all de- cisions made in bank or in a department be made in writing, stating the grounds therefor. Many complaints had been made because of delays in the de- cision of causes luider the old system, so the framers of the new constitution, impatient over these delays, tried very hard to correct the evil by providing that no judge of a superior court or of the supreme court should, after the first day of July, 1880. be allowed to draw or receive any monthly salary unless he should sub.scribe to an affidavit before an officer authorized to administer oaths that no cause in his court had remained undecided if it had been sub- mitted ffjr decision for the period of ninety days theretofore. In the light of subsequent developments it may be said that the purpose of the makers of the constitution, and especially the motive HISTORICAL 25 of those who tried to liasteu the decision of causes, was doubtless good. ]\Ir. Henry H. Reid, a lawyer prominent in San Francisco for many years, said the founders doubtless had in view Shakespeare's soliloquy, put in the mouth of Hamlet, regarding the law's delays, or they remembered the provisions of Magna Charta, wherein King John undertook that he would neither sell nor deny nor defer right or justice to anyone. Some Harsh Provisions. It was the opinion of those who went into the situation care- fully that the application of the provision was a little unreasonable as applied to the supreme court. Justice Stephen J. Field made an unanswerable argument to the effect that the rendering of tedious written opinions in all sorts of cases would not only lead to an elephantine library, but to a great cost bill as well. The provision thus adopted by the makers of the constitution were rather unnecessarily drastic, said Justice Field, because the provision that all decisions must be in writing, with reasons fully stated for each case, made it almost impossible for the judges to decide cases as rapidly as required in that portion of the measure which punished the judges of the supreme court by withholding their salaries. It may now be said that a careful survey of the situation, made by those who studied the situation with care after the immediate heat and glamour of the occasion had passed, led them to the con- clusion that the salary provision w'as probably well taken as to the superior judges, but the wisdom of the same provision, applied to the supreme court, was at once questioned, even bitterly assailed. The trial courts were not required to give written reasons for their decisions nor to render their judgments in writing. This exemption made the ban less onerous in their case than in the case of the higher court. Sweeping Changes. Perhaps the most important change made by the constitution of 1879 was the sweeping revolution that applied to the remainder of the judicial system, few fragments of which survived the new instrument 's provisions. Old courts of original jurisdiction, except those of justices of the peace, were swept entirely away. A superior court for almost every county in the state was organized to take their place. By these provisions, all cases then pending in the district courts, county 26 HI STOFIC A L courts, probate courts, anil all other inferior tri])unals. except those of justices of the peace, were sent to the new court. By an extension of the provisions of the revolutionary law. all cases in which the old courts had exercised jurisdiction were thence- forth to be brought, heard, and determined in the new superior courts. Tender this old provision, the superior courts as we now know them obtained extensive powers — powei*s that, in some of the older communities of the United States, are exercised by separate tribunals. In fact, the growth of later years caused the superior courts to assign criminal cases to one department, in cities, probate cases to another, juvenile cases to another, and so on. The superior judges were given the power to perform all the duties of all previous judges, in cases theretofore known at common law. both civil and criminal. As a chancellor the superior judge was given power to apply all the rules and remedies known to equity jurisprudence: he was to perform the functions of spiritual courts as to wills, estates of decedents, matrimonial cases, and special proceedings. In the absence of federal legislation, and under the old state bankruptcy law. he had power to deal Avith insolvency, which power was generally exercised until the adoption of the federal law some years later. Considering the labor involved in the performance of all the duties of the superior courts, it must be conceded, says ]\Ir. Reid, after a review of the work of the intervening j-ears. that the admin- istration of justice in the courts of California has been much better than was freely prophesied would be the case. Those who made the evil prophecies feared that the duties would be beyond the power of the judges. These forebodings, be it known, were usually in- dulged in b,v those who bitterly excepted to the sweeping changes made by the new constitution. One of the sweeping jirovisions of the new instrument was that which made superior judges ineligible to any other office or employment during the terms for which they were elected. Their salaries were also made i)ayable. one-half by the county, one-half by the state. To Remove Judges. Another provision of far-reaciiing scope was that which au- thorized the legislature to remove all judges of superior courts and all justices of the supreme court for malfeasance in office. Under these provisions, laid down with emphasis in the convention, this removal may be etfected bv tiie concurrent resolution of l)oth houses HISTORIC AL 27 of the legislature, adopted by a two-thirds vote of each house. A copy of the complaint must be served on the judge complained of and an opportunity given to him to be fully heard. A very sturdy attempt was soon made by a disappointed liti- gant, who thought he saw his chance to obtain the removal of two justices of the supreme court, but he failed in his effort. There may yet be times when this summary method of getting rid of judges will be called into action, but many of the older lawyers still maintain that it is a dangerous expedient, more likely to be used to remove a judge who is unpopular than one who is ignorant, dishonest, or unjust. This reminds one of the fact that in recent years there has been a great deal of agitation regarding that part of the recall movement that has to do with the recalling of judges. In this connection, although not bearing directly on the political history of California, the words of the immortal statesman and orator, Daniel Webster, might be recalled with profit by the student of the times. In discussing questions similar to those now upper- most in the public mind concerning the judiciary — although he spoke in Massachusetts at a constitutional convention — he said, in part : Daniel Webster's Views. "The judiciary is composed of few persons, and those not such as mix habitually in the pursuits and objects which most engage public men. They are not, or never should be, political men. They have often unpleasant duties to perform, and their conduct is often liable to be canvassed and censured where their reasons for it are not known, or cannot be understood. It is the theory and plan of the constitution to restrain the legislature as well as other depart- ments, and to subject their acts to judicial decision whenever it appears that such acts infringe on constitutional limits. Without this check, no certain limitations could exist on the exercise of legis- lative power. The judge is bound by his oath to decide according to law. The constitution is the supreme law. Any act of the legis- lature, therefore, inconsistent with that su[)reme law, must yield to it; and any judge, seeing this inconsistency, and yet giving effect to the law, would violate both his duty and his oath. But it is evident that this power, to be useful, must be lodged in independent hands. If the legislature should, unhappily, be in a temper to do a violent thing, it would probably take care to see that the bench of justice was so constituted as to agree with it in opinion. There is nothing, after all, so important to individuals as the upright ad- ministration of justice. This comes home to every man; life, liberty. 28 // / N T () 1! IC AL reputation. i)roperty — all depend on this. No sjrovernmeut does its duty to the people which doe.s not make ample and stable pro- vision for the exercise of this part of its powers. Nor is it enough that there are courts that will deal jiistly with mere private ques- tions. AVe look to the judicial tribunal for protection against illegal or unconstitutional acts, from whatever quarter they may proceed. The courts of law. independent judges, and enlightened juries are citadels of popular liberty, as well as temples of private justice." The dangers so eloquently portrayed by Webster before the !Massa- chusetts constitutional conventicui. as to the independence of the judiciary — dangers which President Taft and others have since pointed out during contests with those who would recall the judiciary by the popular vote — were not at that time merely academic or imaginary questions, but were of that practical char- acter that men of the Websterian intellect often seem to have the power to foresee. It was so in ^Massachusetts. Judge Loses Place. The reality of these evils was soon shown in events in the history of the Old Bay state, when a judge was deprived of his office, simply for the reason that he honestly executed a law of the United States that chanced to be much disliked by the Massa- chusetts legislature. Recurring to California's constitution of 1879. it may be said that, in spite of many merits and some demerits — as the people have since that time perceived — it was ratified and went into opera- tion in 1880. There have been attempts to overcome some of the objectionable features of the instrument since those early years. Mr. Reid. writing of the constitution, aptly says that the prophecies of those who were in favor of the instrument, as well as the predictions of its enemies, have not come to pass. The re- sults, as might have been expected, have not been such as were confidently predicted either by its friends or its foes. The millen- ium has not dawned on California since those times, nor has the country been plunged into chaos. A people with the traditions and experiences of self-government may be interfered with now and then, retarded in their progress and interrupted in their happiness by vicious or imperfect laws, as by tyrannical rulers, but there is usually a way out of the trouble. Practice softens the rough places, circumvention patches the defects, and in the end the evils do not become so great, in a free eountrv. as mieht be looked for in advance of administrative prac- HIST OBI C A L 29 tice. In most instances, in California, substantial justice has been attained in one way or another, and its people are prosperous and happy. During more than sixty years of vital history the people of California have demonstrated the truth of this statement again and again. It may be said that the legislature and the courts, as well as the people, have, as a rule, united heroically and helped one another to perfect a system, as far as possible, by which the community itself would be protected, on the one hand, and the individual, when charged with crime, would be properly heard before being con- demned. Old Work Reviewed. After a careful survey of the early legislative and judicial his- tory of the state, including the constitutional convention of 1879 and its results, it must be said that the masses avoided the infliction of punishments so severe as to beget sympathy for the accused rather than for the accuser. California has no share in the re- proach of the ferocious system of the English common law and of the blue laws of early New England, systems that have been de- nounced, especially in their weak portions, as the most objectionable that a civilized community could institute for the government of a people. Calif ornians really united heroically in one brave en- deavor to perfect a system that would stand the test of time. That the system has failures, as have all other human systems, none can deny — but no other state of the Union can show a more systematic struggle to realize worthy ideals than that of California from the earliest times down to the present day. A WONDERFUL OLD ( ASE. IX all the years of court history in California there has never been a ease so remarkable as one that caused much excitement among the people in the spriuof of 1850 — a criminal case that caused world-wide comment by reason of its strange donoueraent, an outcome confessedly stranger than fiction. Just at this stage of the general story of the bench and bar, it may be well to give the main outlines of this wonderful old ease of circumstantial evidence — perhaps the most wonderful, all things considered, in all juridical history. As intimated, this case arose in San Francisco in the spring of 1850, when the brand of justice administered was of the stern, simple sort that belonged to the period when the masses wanted punishment meted out to all whose hearts were void of social duty, yet when the innocent had what was known as a "square chance." An authentic account of this remarkable case was written by Messrs. T. A. Barry and B. A. Patten, contemporaries of the stirring events of that more than eventful spring. The following account is paraphrased from their ancient narrative, part of which is used almost as they wrote it. This remarkable case of mistaken identity, which puzzled the public and the lawyers alike, is that of one Thomas Berdue. who was arrested and charged with a murderous assault on a man of the name Jansen. of Jansen. Bond & Company, the assault having been accompanied by the robbery of their store on Montgomery Street. No Case Like It. None of the old lawyers or judges can remember any case in the annals of California approaching this one in the remarkable ele- ments of mystery, resemblance, and dramatic termination. The circumstantial confusion and minuteness of resemblances, in fact, form one of the most interesting chapters in the story of the law itself. The general outlines of this story, though familiar only dimly to a few of the old San Franciscans who still linger, is unknown to most of the lawyers of to-day. even in vague outline, though it was published in considerable detail throughout the world at the time of the remarkable trial itself. The remarkable particulars, the facts of the case — stranger than fiction — would, if in romance, be deemed highly improbable, if not foolishly overdone. HISTORICAL 31 Berdue was arrested for the attempted murder of Jansen aud the actual burglariziug of the store, then taken to the bedchamber of ]Mr. Jansen, who was then supposed to be in articulo mortis, and recognized by the injured man as the villain who had assaulted him. The news of the complete identification caused much excitement, but the angry crowd that haunted the places where Berdue was taken was not allowed to wreak its vengeance, the sentiment being to "see the case through" and discover just how far the wretch in custody would go toward denying what seemed positive evidence of his guilt. Another man was taken to the bedside of Mr. Jansen, in com- pany with Berdue, but the wounded man unhesitatingly pointed out Berdue as the person who had tried to kill him. The accused man was at once remanded to the jail, then in the old Graham House, on Kearny Street. He was there tried for the crime, and without delay, b}- the exasperated citizens who sought to right the grave wrong, because they no longer trusted the regularly consti- tuted authorities. Oddly, in spite of the positive evidence and of many circumstances that seemed to make it clear, the jury thus rudely summoned failed to agree. The citizens then assembled, much wrought up by passion, for the declared purpose of hanging the accused man. They were restrained by the military until cooler counsel prevailed. The delay, however, plunged Berdue into still deeper ditfi- culties. He had, during the delay, been recognized as the murderer of Sheriff Moore, of Anbury, California. He was taken there to be tried, and after a very hasty hearing of the case he was speedily convicted and sentenced to be hanged. Evidence Seemed Complete. There seemed not the slightest reason to doubt that the wretch was not only guilty of murdering and robbing Sheriff Moore, but the sentiment grew strong that he was the man who had, in a similar manner, robbed and tried to kill Mr. Jansen. Had he not been identified as the criminal in the two striking instances at bar? Was his own appearance not so odd that mistake was next to im- possible? Men who swore they had known Berdue in Australia (though it transpired that he was never there in his life), and men who as positively swore that they had worked with him for a long period in the mines of California, swore also without the slightest doubt that Thomas Berdue was in reality not Berdue at all, but a man of the name Stuart. 32 HIS'LO RIVAL It was argued that those men were nut likely to be mistaken, and the men themselves laughed at the idea that there could be the sliy:htest doubt in their identification. The jirisoner. aecoriling to the testimony of everybody, as was proved afterward, was a very peculiar looking man — tall, inclined to stoop: his beard was remarkably black, long, and pointed, but his hair was of a rieh brown eoloi'. tine and wavy. It reached below his eollar. Then he had j)ersonal marks and jxH-uliarities accom[)anying the other remarkable points of ideiitilication. lie had lost a joint from one of his fingers. lie also had a little slit in one of his ears — a scar over the left eyebrow. His eyes were black, glittering, and restless. According to the testimony of everybody, Stuart's nose was aiiuiline. as was the prisoner's nose — and he had a defiant way of raising his head and looking around him. In the gait of Stuart, as in that of the prisoner at the bar, there was a marked peculiarity — a long, measured step, or stride, like a man pacing the ground as if measuring it. or. possildy, a sugges- tion of military training. It was argued that the witnesses could not be mistaken in every point of their identification. The prisoner was in reality, therefore, the man they had known, and not Berdue at all, that name being manifestl\- a created one, the refuge of a guilty, cornered wretch. With all these peculiar marks of identity and traits of char- acter, which were emphasized and agreed upon by every witness, how could there l)e even a remote chance of error? Therefore, ]Mr. Thomas Berdue, alias Stuart, was promptly, con- denmed to be hanged, and was given only a short time for his final preparations. Here comes the strangest feature of all. Another Crime Committed. While Berdue awaited his sentence to be executed, there lay in the harbor of San Francisco an English merchant ship which had brought a cargo into poi't and was al)out to sail for her home in England. The captain's wife was on board with him. One night .soon after the arrival of the vessel, and while Berdue was in cus- tody, tht're was a disturbance aboard the ship. It ha])pened just after the crew and all others had liirncd in for sleep. They hearil a sound as of some one pacing the deck. After listening for a few moments without hearing any further disturbance, both the captain and his wife ceased to give the matter any further attention; but presently, hearing an unusual movement HISTORICAL 33 in the cabin, the captain stepped forward to learn the cause, where- upon he was knocked dow^n by a slungshot, the same weapon, it appears, that was used upon Mr. Jansen, for the assaulting of whom Berdue had been originally arrested. The brave wife of the captain was grappling with the would-be murderer before he could turn from his victim to his mission of robbery. The wife's sudden appearance was an unexpected dilemma for the assassin, so he attempted choking and slungshotting her, but she clung to his hands with a tenacity and strength that finally defeated him. In her desperation she screamed so loudly that an alarm was quickly given, assistance promptly came, and the villain was soon in the hands of the Vigilance Committee on Battery Street. This was the real Stuart ! He was undoubtedly the murderer of Sheriff Moore and the robber of Jansen. The people were be- wildered when they beheld the double of Berdue. When he was brought into the daylight the morning after his arrest the public could scarcely realize that he was not the man, the identical wretch who had already been tried and condemned to death at Auburn, for the murder of Sheriff Moore. When Berdue, who was absolutely innocent of all for which he had stood accused and been condemned to die, w^as placed side by side with the Australian convict and undoubted murderer, the resemblance was so remarkable that everybody, even Berdue and Stuart himself, gave way to a sense of amazement that God had made two creatures so much alike, so identical in the peculiarities by which men distinguish one person from another. One of the witnesses in the case described that resemblance as simply awful, particularly in view of the awful consequences that it had barely failed to bring about. Resemblance Minute. Not only was this resemblance minute as to stature, complexion, similarity of hair — soft, long, brown, and waving over the shoulders — and long, black, pointed beards; but each had lost the same joint from the same finger of the same hand; each had the peculiar little slit in his left ear; the same shaped scar over the left eyebrow^ ; and when they stepped, there was the same remarkable peculiarity in their gaits. The physiogomist could see the aquiline nose, the very black eye, and the habit of lifting the head to look around ; but in Berdue 's eyes, the disciple of Lavatar could not see the cold, wicked, cruel glitter noticeable in Stuart's eye, nor the devilish expression of his mouth and nostrils, as if he defied the world and its moral codes. 64: n I S T 7i* / C A L The differences in the appearance of the men were so minute, however, that even those of the shrewdest j)owers of observation hardly noticed them at the outset of their comparisons. When Stuart was ordered to be brouirht out for his sentence, the guards led him forward from his cell in the corner of the Vigi- lance Committee-room to a spot not far from the judge's seat. It was readily noticed that the i)risoner was taller than either of the guards, being a powerfully knitted man as well, so his arms were pinioned behind him. His black, piercing eyes glanced on every side as he was led through the throng of anxious, indignant, and surprised men to the open space in front of the judgment seat. The guards halted with their prisoner directly before that seat, whereupon the prisoner fastened his gaze on that calm, yet solenui, face, with an intensity that was almost painful. Breathless silence prevailed for a brief time. The judge's voice then broke the silence by pronouncing the prisoner's name and proceeding with the usual form. Stuart's crime was recited, and it was ordered that he be taken forth within two hours and hanged by the neck until dead. He was exhorted to make his peace with God, if possil)le. through the several priests who were in attendance. When the judge's Avords broke the silence that had enveloped the multitude at that awful moment, as the murderer paused to hear his doom. Stuart started, lifted his head defiantly, then stood like a marble statue until the last word of the sentence was uttered ; but the burning eye of the condemned man was never averted for a moment from the face of the man who was pronouncing his doom ; yet, by an indescribable sort of flash, it seemed to be continually taking in everything else in the room, as if his sight and his atten- ti(»ii were in some mysterious way divided — fascinated by some ol)ject from which he could divert neither his ga/e nor liis thought. He was looking at Berdue. A Watchful Prisoner. While watclifid and intensely eonscious of every movement and sound around him. like some ferocious beast of prey, surprised and angry because he was in captivity, maddened in a sullen way because of his fetters, keenly alert with the forlorn hope of escape, intensified by the desire to destroy liis eai)tors. tliere was never the evidence of a single gleam of sorrow or i-epentanee in that almost inhuman face. HISTOlilCAL 35 At the close of the sentence, when the guard turned the pris- oner back to the corner of the room, where the priests awaited his return, he strode forward wath that peculiar step, characteristic of and so nearlj- fatal to his remarkable double — but his features could not assume inditference. His eyes seemed to look everywhere, as if taking in every detail of expression in the faces of those assem- bled. He noticed the slightest movements near him; and recoiled from them with an apparent mingling of fear, entreaty, and de- fiance- — his manner being like that often seen in hardened char- acters w^ho await death at the end of the rope or at the end of a volley fired b}' soldiers. Within the time named by the judge, declining with scorn all spiritual consolation, Stuart was led down the stairs from the Vigilance Committee-rooms to the street, and escorted by hundreds of armed men to a little pier on Market Street, the spot where lie was to expiate his crimes. The rude gallows had been improvised upon a derrick nsed for loading lighters. Stuart is Hanged. The rope was placed around his neck by the stern executioners of the judgment of that rude court of justice, after somebody had removed his black, broad-rimmed hat and placed it on his head so as to cover his face and hide the contortions of the death struggle about to ensue. The man who had thus placed the hat then pressed the prisoner's hand and said, "Be firm, old boy. It will soon be over. ' ' At an agreed and familiar signal the tall, silent figure of the man of crime and mystery was suddenly and violently pulled against the outstretched arm of the derrick by hundreds of willing hands that grasped the long rope that led from the gallows to the rear ranks of the brass band — a band that marched and played as the orderly mob led to his doom one of the vilest outlaws that ever came from the penal colonies of Great Britain to the shores of California. Circumstantial Evidence Doubted. For a long time after the trial of this remarkable case it was difficult to induce juries, when these bodies were regularly consti- tuted, to give proper weight to circumstantial evidence, evidence that, in its completeness, is always regarded as the strongest pos- sible. 36 HISTO li' ICAL Lawyei*s who have studied the history of remarkable cases of eireumstantial evidence, eases slathered from all parts of the world, unhesitatingly say that notliiny; in tlie annals of any other conntry has surpassed, if indeed any ease has equaled, the remarkable re- semblances, in the minutest details, that characterized the persons of Stuart and Berdue in the days of early California. It was surely a strange freak of nature tliat made two men so much alike that it required rare discernment to enable one to say that one was not the other, as if both had beeu east in the same mold, then marred and scarred bv similar accidents and misfortunes. THE COMMONWEALTH ORGANIZED. SOME facts regarding the judicial and -constitutional develop- _ ment of California between 1846 and 1850 may prove of deep interest, more particularly because the state is unique in the history of the states of the American Union in the method of its organization — a state sui generis, so to speak. California stands alone, as an old writer on the subject has said, in the history of political governments and the growth of commonwealths in the United States. It is for one thing the only example wherein a people, far from similar in characteristics or homogeneous in origin and habits of life, living unrestrained lives in an unorganized territory, have, of their own free will, and in accordance with the light of their own wisdom and under the direc- tion of their own impulses, organized and put into permanent, and for the most part successful, operation, without anarchy or disorder, a prosperous state. This was at the close of the year 1819, during the feverish gold excitement following Marshall's remarkable dis- covery of January 24, 1848. Not a Toy Affair. It should be remembered that the experiment of self-govern- ment thus successfully launched was not a toy affair in a limited territory ; for the boundaries of California consisted of more than seven hundred miles of frontage on the Pacific Ocean, containing a population estimated at between 175,000 and 200,000 persons. It is true that the population was largely of the Celtic and Anglo- Saxon types, yet it should be remembered that this hurriedly assem- bled population also consisted of people from almost every quarter of the globe. As has been aptly shown by Samuel Holladay, for many years an able and conscientious lawyer of San Francisco, it was a time of profound peace. Most of the population had arrived since the recent discovery of the rich gold mines that turned the world's eyes toward the w^est. Of course this discovery had electriiied the com- merce and stimulated the imaginations of the world. In the ab- sence of rapid means of communication the imaginations of those abroad wrought wonderful pictures of the life on the Pacific Coast, a life of which they knew almost nothing. Another odd circumstance, especially wdien considered in con- nection with the founding of a state, is that the great majority of the people had no abiding intention of making the far Avcstern 38 III STO 7i' IC AL empire their permanent home. The fact that the country had re- cently passed from the possession of ]\Iexico to that of the United States no doubt caused many to look upon it as a land more or less alien to their hopes, ambitions, and preferences as to the way of life. Xow that California is known as a wonderful a^rricultural state, it seems remarkable that the great versatility and productiveness of the soil were so long unknown. If her gold was long hidden, so were her natural resources, for many old letters and records indicate that the masses took California for a land of barren lands and wild animals rather than a region susceptible of great agri- cultural development. Those who began the earnest investigation of agricultural pos- sibilities finally realized that the grains of the tields and the fruits of the earth would thrive in the Golden State, if properly cultivated and given water. All this, however, was long before the dawn of the present rational method of developing agricultural possibilities in countries that at first blush do not seem fit for the plow of the liusbandman. Resources not Known. The substantial agricultural and horticultural developments of which the later days have been very proud did not attract much attention until after the marked decline of the gold excitement became manifest. The simple habits of the sparsely scattered population did not require much of that ministration given by courts, and the rough- and-ready way of dealing summary justice prevented the need of many trials in the regular courts. In a sense, the people were too busy with big out-of-door events to stop and pay much heed to such things as courts of law. Little time or money was lost in litigation, and whenever a judgment was reached, even in the regular courts, it was executed with a promptness woi-thy of emulation, to a certain extent, by the people of later times. It may be said that the adoption of a constitution by a sparse population of this character, a population collected from many parts of the world — a population of all degrees of intelligence and custom.s — was one of the remarkable features of the days of gold. a feature that made the whole procedure unique in the history of American commonwealths, if not, indeed, in the history of world movements of similar character. In the autumn of 1840. as heretofore said, the constitution was adopted by a vote of tliis heterogeneous population of male voters. HISTORICAL 39 Among the electors were many who had only recently arrived, and there was almost no restriction on the franchise. It is remarkable, in one way. that the framing and adoption of the organic law came of the people's own motion, without the slightest dictation from federal sources as to what that document should contain. The idea of state organization, however, had long been uppermost in the minds of those dwelling on the soil — at least, it had been in their minds almost from the moment of their arrival — and they wanted direct government instead of territorial probation. In this ambition they had the tacit consent and encouragement of President Polk and President Taylor successively, also of their administrations. This idea was most naturally imparted, of course, by the executive to his immediate subordinates, though no sign of dictation or of leading in the movement could ever be found in the memory even of the oldest citizen or in any of the records deposited in early archives. Many Provisions Remain, It might be noted that the substantial features of the old con- stitution remain to this day, despite the many changes of 1879, which failed to carry away the framework, which was mainly the product of the American mind, this in spite of the fact that many of the prominent persons then living in California were from other parts of the world. It should be said that there were few attempts to inject foreign notions, as those from far-away countries naturally deferred to the American spirit, about which they had doubtless heard much before their immigration to this country. The choice and master spirits in the governmental work were recently arrived from "the states," though there were a goodly number of native Californians in the convention, also in the early legislative sessions that followed. The members of the convention were strongly imbued with the ideas of patriotism, for the love of liberty and law duly admin- istered was a part of their mental fiber. ^larked devotion to the spirit of the Declaration of Independence has been traced as a strong characteristic of the sentiments in the minds of the builders on the Pacific slope. Next to the fundamental ideas of religion, one might say. the leaders felt allegiance to the federal constitution. Though a lately acquired territory, California was really as much a part of the Union, or at least of American soil, as were any of the original states that struck for liberty in the days of Wash- ington. Californians yielded nothing on the score of patriotic ideals to any of the states east of the great Sierra range. 40 El S TOBICAL In the minds of the framers of the constitution there was not the slightest doubt that the state would finally, even speedily, become a member of the Union. The men who held these views and took steps to form a state were representative citizens in every good sense of the phrase. They who formed the original community were composed of lawyers, physicians, merchants, traders — in short, men from all ranks and conditions of life. That they were strong men may be .judged by the fact that the weaklings remained at home in those sturdy days, while men of daring became the pio- neers, therefore the builders. Though the surroundings were rude, the ideals were old — at least as old as Bunker Hill, if not harking back to ^Magna Charta. Founders were Experienced Men. Some of the early founders had already discharged political duties in their eastern homes. Under these circumstances, it is not to be wondered at that the constitution they drew up was such as sensible men might be expected to draw up anywhere — anywhere so long as the vivid memory of strong ideals might remain to guide them. In short, the leaders of the convention had a comprehensive idea of the importance and plan of the great work committed to their hands. There has now and then been some criticism and much com- ment of a favorable nature on the boldness of the framers of the organic law. There was nothing hesitating, experimental, or un- certain in their procedure. They did not prepare a simple sketch or tentative outline of what they wanted in the way of a state government, and send it to Washington to be either neglected and carped at. as in the case of New Mexico about the same time, but drew up the framework of their government and went to work as if they meant business from the start. They planned their funda- mental law and went about their task fully equipped, full-panoplied to go into operation as such, and be admitted into the Union or not. as Congress might desire at its leisure. They organized their state and went to work, with nnich earnestness, at the problem of government as it presented itself to them. A State is Born. California became a state instantly, and upon the meeting of the governor, the senate, and the assembly, and being sworn into office. General Riley, the military governor, in December. 1S49. resigned all claims as governor. Ever since that moment California HISTORICAL 41 has exercised the complete functions of a state, though it was not formally admitted into the Taiion by act of Congress until the 9th of September, 1850, which has been celebrated for many years as Admission Da}'. It has always been regarded as a fortunate circumstance for the people of California that three successive presidents of the early histor}' of the territory — Tyler. Polk, and Taylor — and their cabinets, during the period when the change from IMexican rule took place, took the initiative, in a broad-minded way, and co-operated with the peo]ile in their ambition for self-government under the rules and regulations of modern statehood. President Taylor's reply to resolutions of inquiry directed to him by Congress, in which he was asked as to the status of atfairs in California, remains a clear, candid, fully responsive, frank, and characteristic document of American history. Early Day Courts. No one can read of trials in these early days without coming upon circumstances and incidents that give rise to laughter. It is hard to realize that law, as we now know it, w^as nonexistent. It was the formative period in state history. The old had not fully died and the new had not come to light. The laws of a great area, applying to a large number of human beings, cannot be changed in a day. One or two incidents sometimes tell a plainer story than pages of description. Some unique proceedings took place in the courts of these early days, especially in the transition period referred to. Mr. Hollada}' gives an example of a divorce case that probably breaks the record for oddity. It seems that a married couple had applied to an alcalde somewhere in the northern part of the state for a divorce. There was much confusion as to whether there was any way to handle the case. To get light on the subject, the alcalde consulted General Kearny, for military power still had sway. General Kearny was then in control at the presidio. The general advised the alcalde that the husband and the wife each should choose an arbitrator. The two arbitrators thus chosen were to select a third, and the three arbitrators, in the presence of the alcalde, were to hear what both parties to the suit had to say regarding their grievances, then decide whether the parties to the suit, naming them, should be separated for three, six, or twelve months, or sepa- rated at all. The wisdom of Solomon, as the narrator of the inci- dent remarks, could not have excelled that judgment. 42 // I STO K ICAL To resume the main uarrative. it should be said that ou ^Tay 28, 1847, General Kearny appointed (Jeorjie Hyde alcalde for the district of San Francisco, in place of Edwin Bryant, who had re- signed. Mr. Hyde, soon after his appointment, was elected alcalde by a vote of the people. ^lunicipal elections were ordered at sundry times and plaees thereafter for prefects, sub-prefects, and otluu- officers. It was also soon ordered that some of the elections be set aside for irregularities. On July 14. 1847, (Tovernor Mason appointed John Foster alcalde for the district of San Juan, which embraced the ranches of San Juan. San Luis, and Pala, in Upper California. Governor Mason's Proclamation. On August 7, 1848, GoveniDr ^lason, colonel of the First Dragoons and governor of California, made a public proclamation ratifying the treaty of peace and reconciliation between the United States and Mexico, by which Upper California was formally ceded to the United States. The proclamation says that until a regularly organized terri- torial government should be an accomplished fact, the civil officers should continue in the regular exercise of their functions, and that when vacancies might occur, they would be filled b}' regular elec- tions held by the people. This shows that the spirit of self-govern- ment was predominant, even in the mind of a military man. "When California found herself a part of the territory of the United States, yet without any fixed legal system, the alcaldes, or judges of the first instance, prefects, and others in some of the larger settlements were of course confronted with perplexing problems. These officers were almost comi)ellecl by necessity to exercise their previous functions as they had done before, and in conformity. as nearly as possible, to the Mexican laws and customs with which they and the people had long been familiar. Of course these laws were still iniamended and unrepealed, and were therefore not changed by the transfer of title from ]\Iexico to the United States. Frequently the places of native officers were soon filled by settlers from the eastern states, while in the mines there Avas a large class of the population, after the mining rush was well on. and the miners naturall}^ appointed their own alcaldes from among their friends of the communit3\ With the aid of a jury, the alcalde, when demanded by litigants, tried all sorts of mining suits, criminal cases, and other causes, in HISTORICAL 43 conformity with proper court procedure as nearly as they under- stood it. For the most part the law was so administered that jus- tice usually came rather quickly, in the spirit, for the most part, of fairness and apparently to the satisfaction of the community where it was administered. The student of history will readily note that there were some exceptions to the jury practice of the calm, collected kind that often prevailed, these exceptions being noticeable in some of the mining camps, where capital punishment was summarily visited on certain criminals, as told, for example, in some of the paragraphs preceding this immediate narrative. Scarcely less harsh penalties than judgments of death were sometimes visited on criminals with- out the formality of a deliberate trial. It was to prevent acts of this character that alcaldes, at times, administered some severe means of correction. People are Delighted. There w^as much rejoicing when the constitution of the United States, as a firm safeguard of civil rights, was extended over Cali- fornia. This event, reassuring to the timid and gratifying to all, took place by proclamation on the thirtieth day of May, 1848, being the date on which the treaty with Mexico was finally con- summated. From that moment the inhabitants of far-away California en- joyed all the blessings and benefits resulting from the best form of civil government that the ancestors of those now living in the United States were able to devise. A large part of the population of California was composed of Mexican citizens, but the better class of them soon fell willingly under the mild sway of laws that were somewhat strange to them. It was not long before they understood that a spirit of fairness lay beneath the new forms of procedure, and that an honest purpose prevailed throughout the state. As a result most of the Mexicans became good and obedient citizens under the new regime. Of course they longed now and then for old times, as, indeed, did others; but the things they missed were not the old laws so much as the old customs, the ancient free and rather easy life. Idyllic Life Popular. One of the most prominent of the older lawyers regretted to see the transcontinental railroad nearing completion, perhaps, for 44 HISTORICAL a reason similar to the reasons that endcaretl the old residents to the past. "We have a happ.v and peaceful empire here," he said, "hut trouble, competition, new modes of life, and sterner ideals will hi-eak up the dreams and liappiness of our idyllic, if somewhat isolated, life." It .should be noted that events of vital importance were trans- piriuiT in California about the time of the transition from the old to the new system of jurisprudence. To uo back to February 12, 1S49. for example, one will come upon some stirring' events. On that date there was a great mass meeting of the citizens of San Francisco for the avowed purpose of establishing a government, although of a temporary character, for the district of San Fran- cisco. They said that circumstances prevailing rendered such action justifiable, logical, and proper in the light of patriotic motives. What was known as the legislative assembly of San Francisco thus began. Among its fifteen members were several whose talents were of the very highest order, the best class of men ever known in California. These select men went at their task with earnest and just motives, which fact has never been ((uestioned; nor has there ever been any ground of real complaint that they were in any way disloyal to the United States, or that the federal government had not intended to do all in its power for them. In default of the proper number of officers there were chosen three magistrates, a treasurer and a shei-itf. Tlie population of San Francisco at this time numbered aliout two thousand, at least early in the spring; but by July it had grown to at least five thousand. In the midst of these turmoils and discussions for the pui'pose of orgaiiiziuL;' civil govei'niuent tlici'c occurred an event of great importance to the jurisprudence of those early times. General Bennett Riley came to California on April 12. 1848, aboard the "Iowa," and on the following day he receivetl Colonel ]\Iason, the acting governor of California. Clash Narrowly Averted. Both of these tlistinguished military men knew of the deter- mination of the public to organi/.e a government. They knew also of the pi-cpai'ations that were then under way. and (Jeiieral Riley awaited with nnudi patience tin- ai'i-ival of lu'ws concei-ning con- gressional action. On learning of the tliii-d failui'c to pi-ovidc for tlie civil i^Dveru- ment of California, the 'general issued a pi'oclaination. dated July HISTORIC A L 45 3rd, defining what he understood to be the legal condition of affairs in California and pointing out the course which he deemed advisable to pursue in order to procure a better political and civil organiza- tion, adapted to the character and condition of the country. In this proclamation the following important provisions were contained: "In order to complete this organization with the least possible delay, the undersigned, in virtue of the power in him vested, does hereby appoint the first of August next as the day for hold- ing a special election of delegates to a general convention and for filling the offices of judges of the superior courts, prefects, sub- prefects, and all vacancies in the offices of first alcalde, or judges in the first instance, alcaldes, justices of the peace, and town coun- cils." General Riley, meantime, had been informed of the existence and force of San Francisco's legislative assembly, which had by that time begun to assume more extended powers. The assembly, however, did not recognize any civil power as residing in the military office held by General Riley. Accordingly, his proclamation appointing a day and place for the convention provoked considerable opposition. The San Fran- cisco legislative assembly, which had become the leader of the settlers' movement, began a pretty vigorous assertion of what it deemed its undoubted rights. "It is the duty of the government of the United States to give us laws," ran the proclamation, "and when that duty is not properly performed, one of the clearest rights we have is to govern ourselves. ' ' The assembly even went so far as to recommend a general con- vention, regardless of the military proclamation, this to be held at San Jose on the first Monday of August, "with enlarged discre- tion to deliberate on the best measures to be taken, and to form, upon mature consideration, a state constitution and submit it to the people." People are Denounced. About the time that this address was made public, Governor Riley issued a proclamation that might, under some circumstances, have led to a great amount of trouble, particularly as the attitude of the settlers did not differ very far from open defiance of the regularly constituted military powers of the federal government. Happily, however, the trouble was averted. This proclamation, dealing with the popular movement, declared that the people de- claring themselves the legislative assembly of the district of San 46 HI STOEIC A L Francisco, were an illegal liody that had wantonly nsiirped powers vested wholly in the Congress of the United States. The proclama- tion warned all persons not to countenance the illegal and unau- thorized body, either by paying taxes or supporting or abetting their ottieers and attempts at government. For a time it appeared as if the legislative assembly had taken an attitude of rash detiance. but this was not true in fact so much as in appearance. At heart there was no intention of doing much more tiian "barking." as an old lawyer of the period said some years later. It so fell that the people on the one hand and the acting gov- ernor on the other had now arranged for a constitutional convention, the dates and places, however, conflicting, to say nothing of the separate points of view. Opposing theories, which may for con- venience be termed the settlers' theory and the administration's theory on the question of the legal status of California from the time of the ratification of the treaty with Mexico till the adoption of the state constitution, had been defined and defended in the territory itself. The vital question for a time was, "Which side shall give way without trouble?" The people, it appeared in the last analysis, were not sticklers for their alleged rights — at least not to the extent of desiring any serious conflict. Their main desire was to see an organized govern- ment witli as little delay as possible. The end was the main consideration in the minds of the public; *he means proved to be merely secondary propositions. When situations present such phases, compromises are always made easy. It was for such reasons that indications of satisfaction and the desire to acquiesce in General Riley's plans began to manifest themselves immediately and with much good will. Oddly enough, the first satisfaction was expressed at San Jose, where the indica- tions at first pointed to defiance. Other districts followed rapidly, falling into line and accepting the San Jose view. San Francisco in Line. San Francisco soon fell into line without any further effort to interfere. The legislative assembly vicwftl Avith liopefulness the improvement of the situation and cheerfully recommended the pro- priety of the proceedings at the time and place mentioned by Cxcn- eral Riley in his proclamation, "and acceded to by the people of some other districts.'' which were then referred to by name. It HISTORICAL 47 seems that this was not deemed a surrender of principle, but rather a waiving of means for expediency. The assembly still refused, in a sort of formal, technical way, to recognize any rightful authority to appoint times and places as residing in General Riley. But the downfall of the assembly, which had remained loyal to the last to its conceptions of duty, as well as active for what it had conceived to be policies for the welfare of California, was an event that took place on July 19th following. This ended one of the most interesting and remarkable controversies in the history of community development in the United States. The election of delegates to the convention roused great in- terest in every district. This was the result, in a large measure, of the special efforts of Generals Riley and Smith, and Thomas Butler King, prominent in the history of those times. Those Californians residing in the southern portion of the state showed great cordiality. Even the miners, busy as they were, found time to turn aside and nominate suitable candidates for the offices in their sections. Matters of pre-eminent importance to the judicial history of California took place early in 1850. The start of a really impor- tant era in state history began at the first session of the legislature, which was convened on December 21, 1849. At the very outset of this session Governor Peter H. Burnett, a lawyer then lately arrived from Tennessee, after clearly declaring that he had given the subject much attention, recommended the adoption of a state code. He enumerated the causes that had led him to his decision, pointed out the beauties of the civil law, referred to the fact that some southern states had gone along smoothly under that system, and recommended as follows : First, the definition of crimes and mis- demeanors, as known to the common law of England ; second, the English law of evidence; third, English commercial law; fourth, the Civil Code of Louisiana ; fifth, the Louisiana Code of Practice. The governor took occasion to amplify his views in a somewhat exhaustive explanation. Among other things, he said: "These codes will be found to combine the best features of both the civil and the common law, and at the same time they will be seen to omit many of tlie most objctionable portions of each." Continuing his discussion, he said: "The Civil Code of Louisi- ana was compiled by the ablest of American jurists, and it contains the most extensive references to authorities. It has undergone ma- 48 HISTORICAL terial changes for the last twenty years. For its simplicity, brevity, beauty, accuracy, and equity it is perhaps uneqiuiled. Civil Law Advocated. "Its provisions almost entirely relate to general subjects, rather than to local and would be quite applicable to the condition and circumstances of tiiis state. The civil law. the basis of the Louisi- ana Civil Code, aside from its mere political maxims and so far only as it assumes to regulate the intercour.se of men with each other is a system of the most refined, enlarged, and enlightened principles of e(iuity and justice. So great a proportion of the cases that must arise in our courts for many years to come must be decided by the principles of the civil law. that the study of its main features will be forced upon our judges and members of the bar. ''The Civil Code of Louisiana, being a mere condensation of the most valuable portions of the civil law. would greatly lessen the labors of our jurists and practitioners; and from the simplicity and yet comprehensive nature of its provisions, a general knowledge of the leading principles of the law might the more readily be dif- fused among the people. A sufiEicieut number of copies of both the Civil Code and the Code of Practice could be procured in Xew Orleans, at a much less cost than it could be published here." Senator David S. Douglass, of Stockton, on the first day of February following, who was to be some years later the Know Nothing secretary of state, presented a petition to the senate, from certain members of the San Francisco bar. praying that the legisla- ture retain, in its substantial elements, the system of the civil law, as proposed by the governor, in preference to the English common law. .J(»hn AV. Dwiiielle headed the petition. He was an unusually studious and able man. destined to win considerable reputation later in both law and literature. He was then only thirty-two years of age, and hailed from Xew York. Committee Gets Petition. The petition was read, ordered to be ju'inted. and promptly referred to the Committee on Judiciary. Another lawyer recently from Xew York — Horace Hawes, the author of San Francisco Con- solidation Act — in his inaugural address as prefect of the district of San Francisco, delivered before the town council, in September. 1849, had remarked that the laws enforced in this country, when // ISTO RI a A L 49 well understood, might not be found more adequate to the purposes of good government than had generally been supposed. The civil la-vv, already strongly established on the field of action, and thus powerfully recruited, had apparently a secure tenure in California, but a week before this petition came into the senate, the Honorable John C. Brackett, of Sonoma Comity, introduced in the assembly a resolution providing that the Committee on the Judiciary be in- structed to report to the house a brief and comprehensive act sub- stantially enacting that the common law of England and all the statutes and acts of parliament, down to a certain reign, or to some designated year of a certain reign, — laws of a general nature, not local to that kingdom, excluding, if deemed advisable, any named statute or any certain portion of any named statute, which common law and statutes should be found not repugnant to or inconsistent with the constitution of the United States, or of this state, and statute laws that are now or that may be hereafter enacted— shall henceforth be the rule of action and decision in the state of Cali- fornia. On motion of the author the resolution Avas laid on the table for consideration. To end the whole matter, it was not long before a petition, embracing the principles of the resolution and indorsing the common law, was adopted. The members of the bar of San Francisco then numbered about one hundred, most of whom were earnestly in favor of the common law system and its methods of procedure. There was much discussion of the proposition, and the merits of the two systems were strongly contrasted in a report drawn by the Honorable Elisha 0. Crosb}-, of Sacramento, though Nathaniel Bennett, of San Francisco, and T. A. Vermeule, of Stockton, were also on the Committee. There was but one opinion developed, and that was favorable to the common law, so the decision was quickly made. Common Law Adopted. The report set forth that the question of the adoption of one or the other system was one of the most important questions that had confronted or ever would confront the members of the bar and the people of the state. It was premised that nobody had any purpose of foisting the body of either the civil or the common law on the people of California, because both of the old systems present principles and doctrines, political, civil and criminal, wholly inconsistent with the American ideal. 50 H I STO R I C A L It was shown that in every state in the Union the harsh pro- visions of both the civil and the common law had been swept away by legislative enactments. The committee pointed to the fact that in the domestic relations the civil law was serionsly at variance with the ideals of the people of the United States, regarding a husband and his wife no more seriously, in their domestic relations, than if they were in some commercial partnership. There was no idea of community property, and .some of the obligations and duties enumerated were foreign to American notions and to modernity. Coming to the age of majority" in males, another odd circumstance was found. Twenty-five years, instead of twenty-one. was the age. and there were a number of odd parental and filial obligations follow- ing that age. There were a number of singular provisions regarding the sale of property — the doctrine of lesion, for example — whereunder a pur- chaser might come into court several years after a transaction and lay a claim that the property was not as represented. Such ''Indian trading" would not appeal to the people of a western state, where men made firm decisions and stood by their word and their judg- ments. In conclusion, after enumerating many points wherein it would be almost impossible to harmonize the system advocated in the origi- nal resolution, it was recommended that the common law of England, as received and modified "in the United States: in other words, the American common law," be adopted as the fundamental unwritten law of California. The measure thus recommended took full effect on April 12. 1850. VIOLENCE AND CRIME REBUKED. "I" T has been said that the mills of "the gods grind slow, bnt I wonderfnlly fine." Perhaps no country, no city, no event in American history more dramatically illustrates this saying than does the history of San Francisco during the reign of disorder that led to the activities of the community as Judge Lynch. It may be well to digress here for the purpose of giving a pretty full account of the remarkable events and conditions that confronted the pu])lic soon after the adoption of the organic law of the state, and before the orderly processes had gained sufficient strength, celer- ity, and certainty to please the public and punish crime. The people of San Francisco and other portions of the new com- monwealth — but of San Francisco in a marked way — suddenly found themselves face to face with questions of disorder and problems of anarchy that led to the formation of the famous vigilance commit- tees that have furnished the theme for much discussion by editors, historians, and students of social development for more than sixty years. Often these students go back to the example that gave San Francisco her unique fame because her early citizens administered a form of rude justice, regardless of the slow and uncertain processes of the courts. Even the severest critics of the lynching methods that prevailed when Judge Lynch rode the circuit admit that much falsehood has gone abroad regarding the social life of California as a whole during the first decade after the discovery of gold. Few persons can get a true picture of the conditions that prevailed from about 1851 to, 1857 in and around San Francisco — conditions caused to a large extent by the sudden influx of hard characters from all parts of the world, especially from England's Australian penal colony, descendants of the old Botany Bay fiends. Lynch Law's Stronghold. It is known to all who have made a careful examination of the question that lynch law now and then ruled the mining camps without warrant, and often with a recklessness amounting to crime, as Charles Howard Shinn, the eminent Californian author, has pointed out in his work dealing with those days; that mobs dealt from suddenly improvised courts quick and summary judgment on the misdeeds and alleged misdeeds of men, but it is not so generally known that the provocation, in many instances, was so great as to move even the 52 II I SI E IC AL most conservative citizens to indorse the irregular proceedings of those perilous times. It must be remembered that the regular i)r()fesses of the law in the administration of justice were so slow and luisatisfactory that self-defense seemed to the public to demand something of this char- acter. Farther along in these pages it will be shown that the Vigi- lance Committee of 1856. like that of 1851, was severely and boldly criticised, even during its operations, by a prominent journalist. citizen, and defender of the courts — Mr. James O'Meara. He was a pioneer and an active spirit in public affairs during this era of turbu- lent deeds. But the situation has now and tluii been so grossly misrepre- sented as to put the early settlers of the city and the founders of the state in the light of desperadoes, and it is to correct some of these impressions, as well as to hold the committees responsible in the judg- ment of history for such of their delinquencies as really existed, that the subject is introduced at this time. Aside from this, the inter- ruption of legal processes and the unique situation resulting justly belong to the story of courts and lawyers. It might be held a consolation to those members of the committee who still live, to their friends, descendants, and defenders that the calm and far removed judgments of some of the greatest students of history, as well as of many editors the world over, now incline, in a way. to justify much of what was then done oft'-hand, while the people as a whole were suffering to the point of keen exasperation from very gross evils. 'Sir. Charles James King, who still lives in San Francisco, has written a clear and entertaining account of the famous Vigilance Committee of 1856, which was organized to avenge the death of his father, owner and editor of the " San Francisco Bulletin." Charles J. King's Story. ^fr. King has kindly permitted *' Bench and Bar" to use parts of his manuscripts interpreting the events of those turbulent days, deeds intertwined with history in such a way as to be of great value to the student of early times. Of course his view is that of a strong defender of the acts of the committee. He could not. of course, argue otherwise than that so great an outrage, so cruel a deed as one that left him an orphan, merited speedy punishment of that drastic nature that has usually overtaken the known perpetrators of known crimes of the character of murder. HISTORICAL 53 Following" our summary of I\Ir. King's graphic description of the stirring and unfortunate events that robbed him of his father and the community of a strong, loyal citizen, we shall present the other side of the shield, the ease made by the late James 'Meara, hereto- fore mentioned. The double statement will give the reader an impartial point of view in the sense that two w'riters of marked and contradictory opinions will have put their pictures on the canvas for inspection, just as prosecution and defense have each a day in court in the actual experiences of procedure. This method will give a fair portrayal of one of the most thrilling stories of the early days — the story of San Francisco's struggle to establish respect for the law and bring the violators of that law to justice. It is really necessary to go back almost seven years, for the nucleus of later events found its origin just after the pioneers be- came acclimated, counting those of 1849 as pioneers, according to the limit set by the Society of California Pioneers. Uprising of "'The Hounds." The first uprising of any importance was in July, 1849, when a band of strangely short-sighted ruffians called "The Hounds," who gave themselves this odd nomenclature, organized, as they pretended, for "self -protection" in the mining districts of the state. They an- nounced that they M'ere opposed to cheap foreign and native laborers. To carry out their alleged plans they established headquarters in San Francisco, where they impudently, and with much system, as- sumed the task of "regulating society." Now and then they committed deeds of great violence, such as tearing down the tents of the Chileans, beating inoffensive persons, and carrying away the goods and merchandise of others by force. July 15, 1849, fell on Sunday, and on that day the Hounds be- came unusually bold in their crimes. Returning from a picnic in Contra Costa County, they boldly marched through the principal streets of San Francisco to the Chilean quarters, then at Clark's Point. There they tore down tents, beat the owners and occupants, plundered them, and even fired maliciously upon their unarmed and frightened victims. The fair-minded public, already wrought up over past offenses, was at once fired to the greatest indignation. It was not long before the alcalde called a public meeting, invited to assemble at Ports- mouth Square, afterward famous by reason of Robert Louis Steven- 54 III STO n ICAL son's association with it, and tliL-n a popular spot with San Fran- ciscans. Brannan a Leader. At that memorable meeting Samuel Brannan. a hot-tempered leader of the times, addressed the crowd. He urged that it was neeessarj- to do something radical, and that out of the usual order, to suppress the Hounds. In truth, everybody knew that the purpose of the meeting was to take decisive measures against that organiza- tion. This sentiment was so well known that many of the members of the Hounds had already begun to take their flight, or to prepare to leave San Francisco on a moment's notice. The wise ones, alarmed at the state of public opinion, got out of the way. As an evidence that feelings of humanity and generosity pre- vailed at the meeting where summary means were being arranged. a generous fund was subscribed for the relief of the plundered Chil- eans. Thirty brave men enrolled themselves as special constables to make a man-hunt for the band of Hounds. The constables must have been pretty busy, for before night twenty of the miscreants had been arrested and locked up in the United States ship "Warren." there to await trial by the members of the committee. The defendants were in fact tried before a popular judge and ten of them were found guilty, but the judgment of the court was never put into execution. The result of the raid and conviction was effective, however, for it broke up the organization of the Hounds. Just here one obtains a clear idea of the unsettled condition of society, particularly when it is remembered that the Hounds, during the period of their unbridled audacity and strength, were in the habit of visiting stores when they pleased and taking whatever they desired, this without any thought or pretense of intending to pay therefor. Old citizens have often told the writer that these ruffians had the habit of walking away with merchandise, saying, in an impudent and even threatening tone, ''Charge these goods to the Hounds." It is not remarkable, in view of these facts, that there was a glad, even an enthusiastic, response to the call to suppress this organi- zation as speedily as possible, even if violence might result from the suppression. The doctrine of an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, yea, the mining-camp idea of ridding the community of "bad eggs," was popular over all the city at that moment, for many had felt and all had feared the violence of the cowardlv organization. HIST III C AL 55 Desperadoes in Sand Dunes. It is of more than passing interest to recall that these desperadoes were permitted to live in the sand-dune region, though they were known to be criminals from New York and sundry Australian ports. That they themselves feared the popular verdict, in spite of their lack of fear of the law itself, was shown by their precipitate flight toward San Jose when they finally realized that the public conscience had experienced an awakening and that retributive justice, aided by the great law of self-defense, regardless of constitutions and statutes — regardless, too, of whether the common law or the civil law pre- vailed — was likely to pursue them. It should be explained that disasters caused suspicion to rest on the Hounds, in the first instance. There had been a great fire in San Francisco in December, 1849. The burned district was soon rebuilt, however, and comparatively few persons were sorry that such a visitation had afflicted the city. There was a second fire on March 4, 1850. Losses were great, for the disaster destroyed $3,000,000 worth of stores and warehouses containing goods, wares, and merchandise that were sorely needed. Strangely, a third fire occurred on June 14, and on September 17, 1850, there was yet another serious blaze. By this time the public were becoming suspicious that incendiaries were at work. It was at once believed that the Hounds or their allies were responsible for these multiplying disasters. On June 22, 1851, there came another great fire that destroyed many residences. It is known in history as the poor man's fire, by reason of the great suffering it caused among people in straitened circumstances. Now, from the outset of these events many persons believed that the fires were the malicious work of desperate criminals who desired to plunder the public during the conflagrations. Aside from the fires, there began to be many mutterings that criminal wretches, organized in defiant bands, were allowed to go unwhipped of justice. All of the pioneers with whom the writer has ever talked unqualifiedly said that conditions were very bad. In a history published by jNIr. Anton Roman, founder of the "Over- land" and friend of Mark Twain, although he was not the author of it, appear some remarkable statements as to the conditions then existing. Population Grows Fast. The writer of that history says, in part, that the rapid influx of immigration, of which 36,000 were estimated to have entered San Francisco during the year, the loose state of public morals and of government, rendered San Francisco a perfect pandemonium. 56 // / >? T li I C A L The author yives tlu' t'oUowiiiy iiirture of conditions that \o\\g harassed the public and finally led to the organization of the first Vigilance Committee, that of 1851: "The sun rose upon vessels from every port, discharging their cargoes of misci'llancous wares and people. All day it ])eheld the masses of humanily crowding the long wharves, tilling tlie streets, struggling, battling, drinking and gambling wildly; looking with unpitying eyes on a corpse covered with blood, joking with the nuir- derer, or hurrying him with frantic execrations to the jail. "And at night the scene was scarcely less strange. ]Mcn wan- dered up and down the sandhills, eagerly seeking shelter; or gath- ered in the brilliantly lighted saloons, or. perhaps, beggared and for- lorn, lay thinking of home, or breathing out their last sighs un- heeded." This is a remarkable picture of the forbidding conditions that existed in San Francisco at the time of the organization of the Vigi- lance Committee that first brought the city's lynch-law methods to the attention of the world, even though the news was carried by the slow processes of ox-teams and ships that rounded the Horn. To resume the storj- in the language of the author : •'This Avas the daily and nightly life of San Francisco and of the distant mining camps. Still, withal, there was some good in Cali- fornia ; her treasures were not all scjuandered in vice. Among so many it would have been strange indeed if no man of wisdom and worth could be found. There were a few. and these became the saviors of San Francisco." Of course it will be concluded that this writer was a vigorous defender of the methods and work of the Vigilance Committee. He concludes his graphic account as follows: "Early in 1851 the glaring abuses of the city government of San Francisco again attracted attention; and not even the excitement caused by rumors of the discovery of great values of gold at Gold Blutif's and elsewhere could turn the public fi'oin their local duties. Crime w^as Rampant. "Robberies and murders were far too frequent and too openly winked at by those in authority to admit of longer delay. ^Nlore than five thousand peojile collected around the ("it\' llall. declaring that murder should no longer go unpunished. For thirty-six hours the excitement continued and the mol) constantl}- increased in num- bers. A jury was impanelled, several men were arrested, tried, and sentenced to be hanged. They were, however. sutVered to escape." HISTORIC AL 57 This presentation makes a pretty strong case in favor of the deeds of the people, who thus defied the regular processes of the law be- cause those processes for some reason failed to mend conditions. But hear what this historian still further says: "Two or three months later the Vigilance Committee again took the power into their own hands. Daily murders, robberies, and incendiarism they considered demanded their interference with the slow and lenient processes of the law." During the period of the failure of the courts to cope with condi- tions, crime in its wildest and most brutal forms held its own, and more than its own, in the city of the argonauts. On February 19, 1851, a merchant of the name Jansen, heretofore described in the chapter dealing with the remarkable case of Berdue and Stuart, was assaulted, wounded, and robbed. It was believed that two men had perpetrated the crime. The public and the press were indignant, for the crime was the culmination of a long chain of like iniquities that had gone unpunished. The reader will recall, however, that the account of the Berdue- Stuart affair gives more details of the procedure than necessary here to present. The "Alta," then a leading newspaper, speaking of these events, said in a strong and defiant editorial: "How many murders have been committed in this city within a year? And who has been hung or punished for these crimes? Nobody. How many men have been shot and stabbed, knocked down and bruised, and who has been punished for it? How many thefts and arsons, robberies, and crimes of less note, and where are the perpetrators? Gentlemen at large, citizens, free to re-enact their outrages." When it is said that the "Alta" was cautious and generally regarded as the most conservative publication in California, one may understand somewhat the temper of the times and the provocations that had been so patiently endured by the people. But this agitation bore fruit. The arrest of the two men suspected of the Jansen out- rage was the occasion of the organization of a mob that tried to seize the prisoners in the courtroom, take them to a post, and hang them forthwith. In view of the strong circumstantial evidence, and of Jansen 's identification of Berdue as the man who assailed liim (though Berdue was not the man), it is remarkable that the accused man escaped. A Miraculous Escape. The fact that he did escape was due less to the temper of the crowd outside than to the indecision of the jury and the timely inter- ference of the militarv arm of government. The sober mental atti- 58 HISTO li I C A L tude and the calm reflection did not come to the high-tempered multi- tude until the remarkable denouement that showed them what a regrettable crime would have been theirs if they had hanged Berdue. Looking back to those days, it is remarkable that the crowd was restrained until the military forces arrived, for there was a stubborn tight by the mob. which tried to overpower the prisoners' guards, who were tirm in the protection of the men given into their care. But the desire for popular justice grew very fast, and by the next day the Vigilance Committee was formed. The episodes of the Hounds were remembered, and it was believed that a citizens' organization, headed by determined men. would be able to banish criminals and that peace would prevail. The weakness of tlie committee's cause at that moment lay chiefly in the fact that the supposedly guilty Berdue was really an innocent man. The work of the committee went on, notwithstand- ing this one remarkable case, for there were many cases where no such question could arise. On June 8, 1851. a call for a committee of safety was pub- lished in the "Alta." It is now well known that the author, then not known to the public, was Mr. R. S. Watson, who admitted the authorship sometime afterward. On June 11th the movement for tliis organization had become so popular as to have the quasi-indorsement of the "Alta" and of many of the best citizens of San Francisco, those who were known to have a great respect for law and order and an abiding antipathy to crime. Let this fact be remembered w'henever there is an in- clination to criticise their unusual procedure. They were working under unusual circumstances. The "Alta" remarked at that time: "We understand that quite a large party banded themselves together at the California engine- house for the purpose of punishing incendiaries and other crimi- nals." There was no direct indorsement, but the editor took pains to explain that the meeting was not a mere mob. Self-defense Methods. As indicating the way that law was administered at that time — the great law of community self-defense, rather than formal law of procedure — it might be said that a common thief of the name Jenkins was tried and convicted by the committee, which consisted of more than 184 prominent men. HISTORICAL 59 The trial took place between 10 o'clock and midnight. The prisoner had been discovered in the act of stealing a safe on Long Wharf, on June 10th, and the verdict to hang him — eighty or more men being on the jury — was unanimous. Two hours after the finding of the verdict Jenkins was hanged. Here comes a remarkable fact. On June 12th the coroner's jury brought in a verdict that blamed two or three men of the com- mittee for causing the death of the prisoner by irregular processes. As showing the kind of material of the committee, it should be said that a public and openly printed statement was promulgated, bearing the signatures of the one hundred and eighty-nine promi- nent citizens, and in this remarkable statement every signer freelj^ confessed, without any equivocal expression or phrase, that all whose names were signed were equally implicated in the hanging of Jenkins. With public opinion in such a state, nothing ever came of the confession, which was regarded as one to be proud of rather than one to make apologies for. There was no sentiment worth reckon- ing with that would either have strongly blamed or tried to prose- cute the committee. In fact, any kind of attempt to prosecute would have been a farce. The example is one of the most striking in histor,y of the impossibility of enforcing a law that runs against public sentiment. It should be borne in mind that during June, July, and August this large committee was busy with similar w^ork. It was this com- mittee that caught and hanged the true Stuart, as heretofore nar- rated, and drove many ruffians and "Sydney coves" from the state. In August, however, the committee barely missed an open col- lision with the authorities, but diplomacy averted the trouble, and the object lesson of the committee's great work is said to have been a wonderful deterrent influence to criminals. It certainly made a deep impression on the minds of the public at large and unified the sentiment for self-protection. A study of the social evolution of San Francisco compels the conclusion that the work of the first Vigilance Committee made possible the organization and labors of the second, the famous com- mittee of 1856. It is remarkable that the lessons of '51 were for- gotten by criminals within five years. A Second Committee. Many of the members of the first organization became leading spirits in the second — men like William T. Coleman, a master spirit in both organizations. 60 HI ST GUI C A L By the autumn of 1855 San Francisco began to realize that much of her social life was still crude, if not positively wicked and criminal. During 1855 there had been, it is said, more than five hundred homicides in the city, and it has been maintained that the law proved itself absolutely powerless to punish those who had committed gross crimes against life and society. Everywhere upright citizens denounced these deeds, though few were found with courage enough to cause them to denounce the criminals by name. Though it may be true, as AYilliam H. ^lills, a former brilliant editor, has somewhere said, that any community that is obliged to establish a vigilance committee thereby indicts itself for many sins of omission, the other and more startling truth remains that in the ease under discussion ballot-box stuHfiug and other forms of corruption were exasperating to a degree diflfieult of appreciation at this late day. One should understand that the best business men were not in a mood to blame themselves for the existence of grave wrongs. They forgot that if juries were bad it was often because the eager desire to make money absorbed the time and activities of men who dodged .iury duty and by so doing paved tlie way for bribery. Iniquity in High Places. Tliat there was much iniquity in high places was doubtless true — and some of this the lionest citizen was put to liis wit's ends to remedy, yet it cannot be gainsaid that honest and able men like Judge Hager and District Attorney Byrne were in office — and one of the offenders who paid the penalty in 1856, under popular jus- tice, was at the time awaiting trial in Judge Hager's court, when the committee seized him and assumed superior jurisdiction. This is probabh' the boldest instance on record concerning ultra vires, so to speak, in behalf of the committee. A clear-voiced call to rectify existing evils came through the *'San Francisco Bulletin." then edited l)y a former banker of the name James King, or James King of William, as he signed his name and was generally known. ^Ir. King established his paper in October, 1855, and so vigorous and popular was his policy that several enlargements were required within a few months. The paper was circulated over all of the state, and King was generally looked upon as a brave deliverer of the people who boldly spoke words long overdue. Though his HISTORICAL 61 utterances made him popular with the best people, he was plotted against by the wricked. The crisis that finally cost him his life and plunged the com- munity into the perplexities of the Vigilance Committee days came in May, 1856, when King was shot down in the street by James Casey, then an editor, a supervisor, and a man of much political power. Six days later King died of his wounds, whereupon the great Vigilance Committee of 1856 was organized for much important business. The story of its remarkable career, as told by Mr. Charles James King, a surviving son of the martyred editor, is given in the following pages. Mr. King has made a life study of the events that culminated in the killing of his father when he was a mere child. His account is unique and interesting. Though somewhat long, it is reproduced in the essential por- tions, because it gives a view somewhat out of the usual owing to the fact that the author's father was murdered by the popular Casev, who was later hanged bv the committee. A PICTURE OF VKULAXCE COMMITTEE WORK. THE son <»f tlu' inartyi-iHl editor of tlic old "San Frant'iseo J^uUetiu" begins his aecouut by saying that the history of the two famous vigilance committees — 1851 and 1856 — have no parallel in American history, particularly since the leaders were men who loved liberty, justice, and Ihr s(iuar(' deal. lie cites the fact that both et)mmittees were composed of Ameri- can citizens. ind)ued with the love of country, accustomed to forms of law. and with that crystallized idea of the centuries that all men are created equal, as expressed in the fundamental declaration of American liberty. Properly to understand the conditions that demanded such ac- tion as the organization of a vigilance committee in an American city, by Americans, he maintains that the impartial student must look closely to the causes that brought about the uprising of those who had always been loyal to the traditions of their country. These conditions are recited in detail, substantially as in the preceding pages of this work. Mr. King then shows the conditions that existed, as he saw them in his boyhood, for he was only a youth in 1856. He lived through those exciting times, his memory and attention having been so keen in the days of his youth that he still carries vivid impres- sions of those stirring scenes that cost the murderer of his father his life. Mr. King was only seven years old when he arrived in San Francisco in May, 1851. By 1856 he was old enough to com- prehend quite clearly the meaning of all he saw, especially as he had heard the older committee discussed until he knew much about its workings. All that ]\li-. King remembers of his father is contined to the five years between the work of the two committees. To quote JNIr. King: "I could not have l)een witli him more llian 1 was. even had I known how few the years were to be in which I was to see him. Every moment I could spare from my school duties I chose rather to be with him than elsewhere. AVhen he was a banker I rode on )ny pony after school each aftci'iiooii to l)e with him at his bank on the corner of Commercial and ^Montgomery Streets, and was beside his buggy on each afternoon on his way to his home, then on Jones Street, between Lombard and Chestnut." HISTORICAL 63 Mr. King says his father used to tell his friends that the young son was the most thorough reader of the "Bulletin." "I used to read all the advertisements, news, and editorials," he continues, "and often discussed the situation with my father." Hounds Described. After describing the misdeeds of the Hounds and the con- ditions that led to their undoing, he gives an extract from the con- stitution of the earlier Vigilance Committee, as follows: "Whereas, it has become apparent to the citizens of San Francisco that there is no security for life and property, either under the regulations of society as it at present exists, or under the laws as now administered ; therefore the citizens whose names are hereunto attached do unite themselves into an association for the maintenance of the peace and the good order of society, and the preservation of the lives and the property of the citizens of San Francisco, and to bind ourselves, each unto the other, to do and perform every lawful act for the maintenance of law and order, and to sustain the laws when faithfully and properly administered; but we are determined that no thief, burglar, incendiary, or as- sassin shall escape punishment, either by the quibbles of the law, the insecurity of prisons, the carelessness or corruption of police, or the laxity of those who pretend to administer justice." Mr. King says that the signal for the assembling of the com- mittee, when necessary, was to give three taps on the bell of the old California Fire Company. The first alarm rang out in the night of June 10, 1851, in the ease of the man Jenkins, who was caught stealing a safe at Long Wharf. The safe contained a large amount of mone.y, but the amount would have cut no figure. For a time after his capture he looked for rescue at the hands of his confederates, but he was duly arrested and found guilty of the various charges. He was hanged at half-past 1 the next morn- ing, as set forth in a previous part of this narrative. A remarkable circumstance is the fact that the Reverend T. Dwight Hunt, pastor of the First Congregational Church, in a ser- mon that was suggested by the execution, used the following re- markable language : "I cannot censure a people if, having been long and needlessly outraged by a gang of villains, they rise in their sovereign majesty and quietly seize upon, try, condemn, and execute one, even though they have to set aside the authority they dare not trust with the 64 // I STO A' / C A L culprit. It is sometimes necessary to the existence of society tlnis to be its own lawyer, judge, and executioner." This rt'inarl'Cahlf statement is pi-ohahly the Ix'sl possible l)arom- eter of the better public opinion, it should be remembered that this was a man of the cloth, a man familiar with all the conditions surroundini;- his pulpit, and he must have l)een a man of much courage to make so strong- ;i statement in public. Stuart is Hanged, James Stuart was hanged on July 11. 1851, for the murder of a sheriff, as told in the story of the remarkable Berdue case. Other hangings followed in (piick order. Wliittakei- and ^IcKenzie, two other murtlerers, were hanged on August 24th of the same year. The committee then disbanded, after issuing sentences of banish- ment against thirty known desperadoes. The second Vigilance Connnittee, that of 1856, was composed almost Avholly of those who had served in 1851. It was a much larger body of citizens than its predecessor, wielding a greater influence in the years that followed, as the cause leading to its formation had to do with the foundation of society itself. In fact, the very existence of the city as a place in which to remain with safety, to live and rear families, was at stake in these perilous days. Mr. King says: "The n.[)rising of the pe()j)le in this committee could not have been a revolution in the usual sense of that word, as it was unlike any that ever took place before. All other revolu- tions were a separation from the government, and because of op- pression and wrongs iiiHieted on the sufl'efiiig peo[)le that caused them to absolve themselves completely from the yoke that oppressed and form a new state or nation. "This was a nmvement of the citizens 1o enforce the law which those to whom this ])ower was delegated had Tailed to cai'ry out. It was, therefore, a transcendency of the law rather than a violation of it. To comprehend the situation it may be said that the judiciary of the state was held in too many instances by men from the crim- inal element, or men in complete sympathy with tlieiii. as shown by tlieir own unlawful acts. "A few illustrations will suflice: Xed Mcdowan, who had served a term in the Pennsylvania state prison, upon ari-ival here pro- ceeded to have himself made one of the judges of tliis city. "Hugh ^Murray, a corrupt and immoral man, Avas another; William H. Almond, through Ins friends, the 1 Founds, as the roughs were called, obtained a similar appointment. One J. Hardy, judge HISTORICAL. 65 of the sixteenth judicial district, was indicted by the grand jury for the murder of Samuel T. Newell." Terry's Career. It must be admitted that this indictment looks pretty strong, but Mr. King follows it with the following remarkable statement: "David S. Terry was another striking instance of how the judiciary of California was disgraced by the conduct of some of its leading members. Terry stabbed Stephen Hopkins, of the Vigi- lance Committee, and afterward killed David C. Broderick in a duel. In later years he followed Chief Justice Stephen J. Field around the state in the determined attempt to kill him, but this was frustrated by a deputy United States marshal, who had long been detailed to shoot Terry if it became necessary to protect the person of the chief justice. Nagel was too quick for Terry. "In the old days the most gigantic frauds imaginable were boldl}- perpetrated on the people at the polls. "The citizens voted, but their votes were not counted. The Vigilance Committee afterward discovered that the ballot-boxes had secret drawers in them in which the votes that were counted were deposited, but it usually required several days to have all the returns in. It was always noticed that those from the twelfth ward were several days late in being handed in, and the ward could always be depended on to deposit sufficient votes to elect the party in power ; although to do this it was necessary to record more votes cast than the resident population of that ward numbered, includ- ing men, Avomen, and children. "The leader in the manipulation of the polls was James T. Casey, supervisor and editor of the 'Sunday Times.' He had been elected supervisor without even going through the form of a nom- ination, all through the methods shown above. All officers, there- fore, in the city and county of San Francisco and all the appointees under them owed their election to Casey. "So long and shamelessl}^ had this state of affairs continued that lie felt that he owned the city, and had no fear that, in an emer- genc}', he could count on the support of all those who were in- debted to him for their places, together with their friends, who were numerous. "Crime, in the intervening years between the first and the second Vigilance Committees held high carnival, and the wrongdoer easily secured immunity from his acts; so that the citizens soon learned that there was no protection for either life or property. 66 HISTORICAL "In walkin«j: the streets of the city peaceful men usually took the middle of the road instead of the sidewalks, in order to pro- tect themselves so far as possible from the unexpected attack of the assassin. And so year after year this state of affairs occurred, until it is said that in the year 1855 the number of murders com- mitted in this state was 535, and that onh' seven of the perpetrators were executed by the oflScers of the law. Arson, robbery, and other crimes were of constant occurrence, and so seldom was puni.shment inflicted that the law was held in contempt. Men felt, as they looked upon one another, as they learned of some fresh outrage, that the courts could offer them no protection at all. because they would not. King Edits " ' Bulletin. ' ' "On October 8, 1855. the "Evening Bulletin' appeared with James King of William, my father, as its editor. He boldly attacked corruption in high places, and was in a short time, through the city and in the mountains and valleys of California, recognized as the champion of the people's rights. The 'Bulletin' became eagerly sought for each day for tidings of the warfare it was waging in their behalf. On the other hand, the paper had not been three months in existence before it became universally understood that it was war to the knife between it and the shoulder-strikers. One side or the other was now bound to go down. It was a struggle for the rights of the people that has never had a eounterpart in the history of our land. "On November 17, 1855, General William II. Richardson, the United States marshal, was murdered by a notorious gambler of the name Charles Cora, wlio was instigated by Belle Cora, a pros- titute whom he had taken to a place of amusement, and whom the virtuous ]\Irs. Richardson had oft'ended by simply conducting herself as a lady. "Cora, after mutual friends had persuaded the general to let the matter pass and take a drink with Cora as an evidence of set- tling the dispute, turned in a brutal manner and killed Richardson as he unsuspectingly followed in the act which he thought would close the affair, "The gifted Colonel Baker, who afterward lost his life at Ball's Bluff, was severely censured in those days for using his forensic eloquence in defense of Cora and succeeding in getting a disagree- ment of the jury at the first trial. Forty thousand dollars had been raised by Belle Cora and her associates to defend Charles Cora. HISTORICAL 67 and no hope was entertained by the people that his dastardly crime would be punished. "The party in power, flushed by long-continued success in cheating the people at the polls and running the courts to suit them- selves, felt no uneasiness about the final acquittal of Charles Cora. And now they determined to reach out for one more victim. That victim was the editor of the 'Bulletin,' James King of William. In council of these plotters it was agreed to cast lots to see who would do the shooting, and the lot fell to James P. Casey. He thought he had an easy job. To the many who were indebted to him for office or place he felt he could confidently turn for support, and the courts gave him no concern. ''He never dreamed of the uprising of the citizens, and felt that with the people's champion under the sod he would be free to con- tinue his course with none to say him nay. The patience of the people, however, had now reached its limit, as the events following the plot to assassinate James King of William soon showed. Casey 's Enemy Busy. "A man of the name Bagley, who had had a falling out with Casey, sent on and secured the documentary evidence which showed that James P. Casey had served out a term in Sing Sing prison. Armed with these, he carried them to the editorial rooms of the 'Bulletin.' "James King of William, commenting on these papers, said in the 'Bulletin' of May 15, 1856, 'that the fact that Casey had been an inmate of Sing Sing prison, in New York, is no offense against the law^s of this state, nor is the fact of his having stuffed himself through the ballot-box as elected to the board of supervisors from a district where it is said that he was not even a candidate any justification for Mr. Bagley to shoot Casej^, however richly he may deserve to have his neck stretched for such frauds on the people. These are acts against the public good, not against Mr. Bagley in particular; and however much we may detest Casey's former char- acter, or be convinced of the shallowness of his promised reforma- tion, we cannot justify the assumption by Mr. Bagley to take upon himself the redressing of these wrongs.' "That was sufficient for Casey. He determined now upon the assassination of James King of William, and it was an open secret among his friends that the shooting would come off that afternoon. "Thomas S. King, James King of William's brother, who usu- ally walked home with him, happened to be in Natchez Gallery, on 68 11 1 STO h' I C A L Clay Street, having his pistol cleaned, when he heard of it, and immediately started to prevent it. but arrived too late. The shot had been fired. Casey had called at the editorial rooms of the 'Bulletin' to see James Kintj of William. Instead of attacking him then and giving him a fighting chance for his life, he simply found fault with what had been said in the 'Bulletin.' and upon being asked if it were true, and retorting that he did not want such things printed a])out liim. he was shown the door and left muttering revenge. "Then, in a cowardly maunei". he made all the arrangements for his attack and escape, and. hiding himself behind one of the wagons of the I'acifie Express Company, standing at the corner of Mont- gomery and Washington Streets, he waited for liis victim to appear on the usual route he took on going home. Casey Fires Shot. "As he stepped upon the sidewalk Casey quickly approached him from the wagon and fired the fatal shot without giving any warning. Seeing he had infiicted a mortal wound, he retreated to a convenient hack in attendance with three of his favorite friends awaiting him, each of whom had his own revolver drawn to defend the murderer from any attack that might be made by the crowd that soon gathered, and was driven to the jail, where his friend, David Scannell. the sheriif, was ready to protect him with all the power that the city government could muster in his defense." Mr. King then tells of the experiences of Dr. W. 0. Ayres, who chanced to be near at the time of these stirring events. He says that the doctor had an active part in trying to apprehend the mur- derer, and in some personal memoirs, written some little time after the event, the medical man says: "A carriage was standing at the entrance to Dunba)* Alley, at the rear of the police office. It was undoubtedly about to start. I sprang on the steps and just as I did so Dave Scannell's pistol was stuck directly in my face. I looked in and saw Casey on the seat with Scannell. with his pistol pointed out of the opposite window. The driver .started his horses and I was thrown to the ground, but was on my feet in an instant and away with the crowd who were pursuing the carriage at full speed, yelling, with every breath, 'Hang him! Kill him!' The horses, of course, were too swift-footed for us. but we all, however, knew their destination — the county jail. The building, on Broadway near Kearn}', was then at an ele- vation of about eight feet above the level of the street, which had HISTORICAL 69 been graded down to that extent. On the bank above stood every one of the most noted gamblers and shoulder-strikers in the city. Their faces were well known to me — Charley Dnance, Dan Aldrich, and a host of others. There they stood; a dangerous looking com- pany quietly looking down on the crowd that filled the street and surged back and forth with intense excitement. How came those men to be there? I have no doubt that they were there in position when the shot was fired and James King of William bowed. I was waiting for the first pistol shot, which I well knew would be the prelude to a fearful scene of bloodshed, when a man rushed past me and began scrambling up one of the posts of the balcony directly at my back. I saw it was Thomas S. King, brother of James King of William. Frenzied Man Talks. "He at once began a harangue of almost delirious frenzy, and after only a few words, he shouted out, 'Who will go with me and drag the murderer of my brother from the jail?' He could not utter another word. The fierce and savage yell, 'I,' 'I,' 'I,' from hundreds of throats was perfectly' deafening, and the revolvers came out like magic, ready for sharp service. "Thomas S. King leaped to the ground, and started with a rush, but he had not crossed half the breadth of Broadway before he stopped, and at the same moment the crowd began to grow quiet. Someone had touched his back and whispered, 'The Vigi- lance Committee has organized.' " Mr. King tells of his own experiences, following this event. He says he had gone out to the Presidio on that afternoon to get some shrubs for his garden, at Mason and Pacific Streets. While en- gaged in planting the shrubs he noticed a number of persons enter- ing the King home. They came in such unusual numbers that he hastened to see what could be the matter. He was told that his father had been shot. Those who were trying to break the news to his mother did it so gently that she did not at first realize how serious the situation was. Griffin Dobson, a colored man who had been a porter at the office of the stricken editor, told Mrs. King that her husband had been shot in the arm, but the young son immediately reasoned that if his father had been shot in the arm only he would then be home, so he called Dobson aside and asked him for more details. He learned that the wounded man was then at the office of the ^ Pacific Express Company. 70 HISTORICAL Without saying anything as to his purpose, he left the room and hurried down to the express office. When he had reached the corner of Kearny and Washington Streets he saw hirgo crowds gathered on ^lontgoniery Street. He continues thus: ''A policeman who recognized me asked if I wanted to see my father, and I answered that I did. He then piloted me through the crowd and I finally reached my father, who was unconsciinis on a mattress on the floor of the express company's office. ''Here among strangers I awaited anxiously by his side for the arrival of my mother, who in the meantime had been apprised of the true condition of affairs. After good counsel as to what to say to my brothers and sisters, and after some directions as to what to do in arranging some of the household affairs in my mother's absence, she bade me go home. I did so, returning early the next morning, and was present when they removed my father to ^[ont- gomery Block. "During the days that intervened I was in attendance to go upon any errand and attend to sucli things as ni}- mother needed. Vigilance Men Meet. "The Vigilance Committee formetl on the night of ^Nlay 14, 1856, temporarily in the rooms of the Society of California Pioneers on Washington Street, opposite the Old Plaza. Some two thousand signed the roll that night. The next morning larger rooms and accommodations were obtained on Sacramento Street, near Front, and the following notice appeared in the morning papers: 'The Vigilance Conimittce' was the heading, and the notice ran: 'The members of the Vigilance Committee in good standing will please meet at lOoi^ Sacramento Street this day. By order of tlie com- mittee of 13.' "New fortifications were at once erected l)y filling gunnybags with sand and planting cannon to defend the place. It was called Fort Gunnybags. In less than three days five thousand names had been enrolled as members. "These were men drawn from the business coniiiuinity and those who had the interests of the city at heart, and were as loyal a band of patriots as the world has ever known. The 'London Times' said of them upon their disbanding that they had shown sufficient ability to found a state organization — a nation — if cireumstances had de- manded its exercise. "On the enrollment of meiiihers eaeh man took a number and was known bv it instead of his name. William T. Coleman was HISTORIC AL 71 number 1 and was elected its president. Number 33 was Isaac Bluxome, the secretary. "Turn Verein Hall, on Bush and Stockton Streets, served as an armory, and the members, being divided into companies of one hundred men each, w'ere thoroughly drilled by competent officers. "A lot of 5,000 flint muskets, in good order, belonging to Mr. George Law, stored in a warehouse, were at once hired by the committee. The committee, for convenience, was divided into four departments, as follows : grand marshal, commissary, medical, and police ; and was organized into four regiments of infantry number- ing ten companies each and two battalions of cavalry, three batteries of flying artillery, one marine battery, one pistol company. No one received any pay except fifteen of the police force of three hundred. Org-anization is Expensive. "Notwithstanding this, the expenses necessarily incurred in maintaining this organization were very large, amounting to $250,000, which sum was raised by voluntary subscriptions among the members and those who sympathized with them in the noble work in which they were engaged. "When the news of the assassination of James King of William was flashed over all the state, the strongest expressions against the outrage came from the mountains and valleys of California, with the offer of any help that might be needed by the committee in the way of more men and more means. "James King of William was shot on Wednesday, May 14, 1856. He lingered until Tuesday, the 20th, when he died. "In the days that followed the organization of the committee and during the months that it was in existence, the most exciting events followed in rapid succession. Before the committee had taken any action the scouts brought word that the Hounds and their friends and sympathizers, calling themselves the Law and Order party, who might w^ell have been dubbed the Law and Murder party, were determined to do all in their power to prevent Casey and Cora from being taken by the Vigilance Committee. They went so far as to threaten to burn down the city if such a thing were attempted. "Fearing that they might be called upon for an accounting in case the committee should be able to control the affairs of the city, and flushed by the success with which their party had managed so long to defy the administration of justice, these men were de- 72 // I STORI C A L terinincd to do all they could to ruin San Francisco and keep it subject to their power. "On the next day, the IGth of ^May. it was discovered that a plot had been forinecl to call out the state militia. ''Governor J. Xeele^' Johnson was in town, staying' at the Ocri- dental Hotel. Word was sent to William T. Coleman that tlie gov- ernor wanted to see him. "An interview took place which seemed to settle matters, the governor at its close slai)pinii' Coleman on the back and saying, 'Go ahead, but get through as soon as you can.' Sherman on Scene. "Later in the evening the governor called at tiie rooms of the committee with William T. Sherman, afterward famous in the Civil War as General Sherman. Coleman noticed from the governor's actions that he ignored his previous interview and started in anew on the subject. The governor said that they had come to see whether matters could be amicably settled. Coleman replied that outrages were of common occurrence, the people having been de- frauded of their rights at the ballot-box, and citizens often having been shot down in the streets ; and he declared that no redress was afforded by the courts. He said the public Avould endure it no longer. The governor urged that the law be permitted to take its course, saying that tliere was no need for the people to tn)-ii into a mob. "]\Ir. Coleman em{)hatieally stated that the governor liiinsdf knew that the organization was not a mob; that it was a govern- ment within a government, pulsating under tlie ))oisonous effects of unrebuked villainy. "After a long (lis(;ussion it was finally agi-eed tliat the ^'ilzilan(•e Committee shouhl have a special guard stationed at the county jail, which was to be withdrawn aiul due notice given to the governor before any overt act shoidd be undertaken by the committee. "W. T. Sherman was api)ointed major-general of mil ilia, and the governor issued a proclamation declaring San Francisco in a state of insurrection. Sherman soon resigned his commission in disgust, and in his memoirs he distorts the truth so much as to make his work, so far as histoiw is concerned. 1hor(»ugliIy nni-e]i;il)le and valueless. "Besides endeavoring to enlist the state militia against the Vigilance Committee, the effort to get the United States troops at the Presidio and Fort Point, under Geiu'ral Wood, jiiid the Pnited HISTORICAL 73 States Xavy, under Captain Farragut, to interfere, proved equally futile, as did the appeal of Governor Johnson to President Pierce. ''On Saturday, May 17th, the Vigilance Committee in force moved to their headquarters at Fort Gunnybags, and had a large bell placed at the top of their building to call the members together when wanted for an instant emergency. "They had hardly reached their quarters before the governor's party circulated the statement that the committee had determined on no overt act. This incensed the committee to that extent that it determined to have no further communication with the governor. The time for action had now come. The guard at the county jail was removed and the governor was notified of the action taken. "Marshal Doane was notified to call out the entire membership and have them in attendance at 8 o'clock the next morning, which was Sunday, ]\Iay 18th. Colonel Olney, in command of sixty men Avho had seen service, was delegated to watch the jail. "They came in at half-past 10, in citizens' dress, armed with pistols, and so scattered as not to attract attention. Committee's Maneuvers. "The main body of the committee was maneuvered so as to march in ditferent ways, and upon reaching the block that sur- rounded the jail make the juncture so complete that at exactly ten minutes past 12, when the order to ground arms was given, they should all come down at the same time. The plan was carried out exactly, and a cannon loaded to the muzzle was aimed at the door of the jail, and a man with a lighted fuse stood ready, should the command be given to fire. "The marshal then approached the jail and demanded first that James P. Casey be delivered up. Upon this being reported to Casey, with the added statement that if he were not delivered up they proposed to fire upon the jail, he turned to Scannell and asked him if he could not defend it. Scannell replied that there were thousands of men in front of the jail and that it would be useless to oppose them. "Coleman and Truett, from the War Committee, then de- manded the surrender of Casey. "Casey, fearing that he would be immediately executed, asked leave to speak ten minutes. Upon being assured that he would be protected, he was taken out and placed in a carriage with Coleman and Truett. Upon his appearance a murmur ran through the crowd, but the hand of Coleman, raised, produced a silence through- 74 HISTORICAL out the ranks, unbroken in the march to the heacl([uarters of the committee. "A force had been left at the jail and notice was given the sheriff that the committee would soon return for Cora. This was done, and after some delay at the jail Cora was also snrrondered and taken to Fort Gunnybags. "The 'New Yoi-k Herald.' commenting on this event, said: 'We cannot read the account of the taking of Casey and Cora from the scoundrels' sanctuary — the county jail — without a thrill of admira- tion for the nerve and coolness of the armed citizens.' " Some of the incidents of the days of execution are worth not- ing. It was known that most of the Vigilance Committee members were opposed to violence in civic life, detesting reckless gambling, drinking, and the reign of crime, so they were often called ultra- sanctimonious. It is related that a friend, seeing the committee march with a victim, remarked to his friend on the sidewalk: "When you see these psalm-singing Yankees turning out Sunday you can just reckon there's h — 11 to pay." Excitement Intense. ]\rr. King says: "The excitement, which became intenser each day. reached its climax on Wednesday, May 20th, Avhen it was announced that James King of William had died. Thousands viewed his remains, which lay in ^lontgomery Block, and the city was draped in mourning. "In these times Casey and Cora were given wliat was considered a fair trial, having counsel of their own selection. They were promptly found guilty and hanged. "Cora was somewhat of a fatalist, and from the moment that Casey assassinated James King of William he began to feel that he had no chance of escape. He felt that his doom was sealed. "He said, however, that if he had been as abh' defended on his first trial as he was (by Smiley) before the committee, he be- lieved he would have been acquitted by the jury that then tried him. "The funeral services over James King of William Avere held on Thursday, May 22d. He was buried at Lone Mountain Cemetery, now known as Laurel Hill Cemetery. As the funeral procession left the Unitarian ehureh. which Avas then on Stockton Street, be- tween Clay and Sacramento, Casey and Cora were hanged from the rooms of the committee on Sacramento Street, between Front and Davis. HISTORICAL 75 "Cora made no remarks whatever, but Casey was greatly agi- tated and made a talk. He exclaimed several times, 'I am no murderer. I did not intend to commit murder. Oh, mj' mother! My mother ! ' "There were many hard characters which the Vigilance Com- mittee soon banished from the city. The execution of these men had a deterrent influence for a long time and caused a great flight among the Hounds and their friends. The committee arrested some men and took them to Fort Gunnybags until they could have a convenient method of sending them away. Among these was a man who was known as Yankee Sullivan, who. having been deprived of his usual allowance of liquor, committed suicide on May 31st, the cessation of his customary indulgence having unseated his reason. With a knife wound inflicted on his arm he accomplished his exit from life. Many persons were thereafter banished by order of the Vigi- lance Committee, upon penalty of being hanged if they should ever return. The committee afterward, when good government was re- stored under the People's party, revoked their orders of banishment. Trouble Made Later. "Of these, Billy Mulligan and Charles P. Duane created con- siderable trouble some years afterward. Bill Mulligan was shot by policemen sent to arrest him on Dupont Street. He proved so dan- gerous a character that they were compelled to shoot him. Charles P. Duane proved to be even a more desperate man. He killed one or two men more and made the boast, which history proved, that he would never be hanged. "The so-called Law and Order party were continually endeav- oring to do all they could against the committee. They succeeded in obtaining at Sacramento some six cases of arms which were shipped on the schooner 'Julia' to San Francisco. "Two notorious scoundrels, members of the Law and Order party, were deputized by that body to take charge of them on the passage. On the night of June 20, 1856, John L. Durkee, of the Vigilance Committee, with twelve chosen men, succeeded in capturing the schooner from her custodians — Maloney and Phelps — and transferring her cargo to the headquarters of the Vigilance Committee." Mr. King then continues his interesting narrative of particulars as follows : "In tlie meantime Maloney and Phelps having visited all the saloons, making threats against certain members of the Vigilance 76 IIISTORI C A L Committee, ■whom they swore tliey woultl slioot on siylit. Sterliiiii' A. Hopkins, with four men, was sent to arrest tlu'ni. anil meetinj? with more resistant-o than was expected, he sent for reinforcements. ■"When again approaching the heachiuarters of the Law and Order i)arty a pistol was accidentally discharged and Judge David S. Terry, of the supreme court of the state, who had aided and abetted the Iloinids and their followers, the Law and Order jjarty. all he could, turned suddenly upon Hopkins and stabbed him with a large bowie-knife. He then escaped with his friends to the rooms above the place. "The bell of the Vigilance Committee Avas sounded and quickly the head(puirters of the scoundrels was surrounded, and Terry was captured and taken to the rooms of the committee. "If Hopkins had died the murder of Broderick some time thereafter would not have taken place, and California would not have been further disgraced by the high-handed conduct of a judge who ought to have been a good citizen instead of the character he proved himself to be, as shown l)y the following sentence of the Vigilance Committee, after Hopkins' tinal recovery and Terry's trial, pronounced : Terry Discharged. " 'That David S. Terry, having been convicted after a full, fair, and impartial trial on certain charges before the Vigilance Com- mittee, aiul the usnal penalty in their power to afflict not being applicable in the present instance. " 'Therefore, lie it declared the decision of the Connnittee of Vigilance tliat tlie said David S. Tei'ry l)e dischai-ged from cus- tody; and also resolved that in tlu' opinion of tlu^ Committee of Vigilance the interests of the state imperatively demand that the said David S. Terry should resign his position as judge of the supreme court. " 'Resolved, that this resolution be read to David S. Terry, and that he be forthwith discharged from the custody of the Committee of Vigilance on this being ratified b}^ the board of delegates.' "The release of Terry created such intense excitement that, for his safety, the Executive Committee sent him to Sacramento on the steamer 'Adams,' and thus closed the Terry incident. "One would have supposed tliat the most daring nuirderer would have hesitated to have eoniniitted any otlnu" like ci'ime during the existence of the \'igilance Committee. "It was reserved for Joseph Hetherington. who had killed other men, to deliberately kill Doctor Randall at tliis time. He was im- HISTOEl C A L 77 mediately arrested, as was also Philander Brace, a cold-blooded assassin, who had made away with quite a number of men in years preceding, and had never been punished for any of his murders. "After a fair trial, in which these men were both convicted and found guilt}', they were on July 29, 1856, hanged by the Vigilance Committee. "On August 14, 1856. just three months after their organizing, the committee disbanded and Fort Gunnybags disappeared from view. A public procession through the streets of the city was made by the members of the committee, in which there were nearly six thousand men in the ranks. "The 'New York Times,' on learning of the disbanding, spoke as follows: 'It is due to these Vigilance Committees, both the first and the second, to say that in no one instance have we discovered any abuse of their authority. We cannot learn that either of them hanged any person who did not richly deserve hanging.' Committee is Unique. "The Vigilance Committee of San Francisco is not to be com- pared with any of those sudden outbursts of frontier towns that have sometimes taken place in the history of our country. They are deserving of the highest praise for the manner in which they per- formed their work. ■ "Nearly fifty years ago this noble band of men risked their lives and pledged their honor, one to the other, to transmit to those who should follow them, a pure government, and for several years succeeding, under the rule of the People's party, no city in the Union was better governed than San Francisco. "Later, beginning with the Civil War and other events that followed, the two great national parties again managed to divide the attention of the voters; and the good work done by the com- mittee was soon effaced by the success of one or the other of the two political parties that held sway over elections throughout the land." Continuing his interesting narrative, he says: "A people who had to contend against the obstacles of nature, the wild beasts of the forest, and the wilder denizens of the howling wilderness, hav- ing wrenched liberty from their oppressors, pushed out as pioneers to people and settle the great heritage their prowess had secured to them. "In their struggle with wild beasts and the Indians, they had learned to be expert marksmen, for it was often if not always their 78 // ISTOEl C A L life or that of the beast or the Indian who came siuUlenly upon them. "It was this that led them to be sure of their aim. and that told so fearfully under Jackson when the tiower of the British Army were almost annihilated in their onset against these yeoman. "All honor, then, to these heroes who showed, onh* as an Amer- ican population could show, how to pioneer a city out of the con- ditions into which San Francisco had fallen, into that which to the student of history shall encircle them Avith imperishable frlory for the success that crowned their etforts. The Case of Immigrants. "As we realize that in 1903 almost a million imigrants came to New York harbor, and that in the last month of that yedv 35,000 came to San Francisco, let us echo the universal California sentiment relative to the class of men we desire to welcome to our golden state, as expressed so eloquently in the halls of national legislation by one who lies buried in Laurel Hill Cemetery, as fol- lows: 'I Avould see its fertile plains, its sequestered vales, its deep blue canyons, its furrowed mountains dotted all over with American homes; the abode of a free and happy people. Avith the sweet voices of tiaxeu-haired children, and ringing with the joyful voices of the maiden fair, soft as our clime and sunny as our skies. Like the homes of New England, yea. better and brighter far. shall be the homes to be builded in the wonderland b.v the sunset sea. The homes of a race from Avhich shall spring the flower of men, to serve as models for the mighty world, and be the fair beginning of a better time.' '■ It should be said that the view in favor of the A'igilance Com- mittee and its methods has not always fully obtained. The late James O'^NIeara. a ])ioneer journalist, was always a defender of the Law and Order party, which opposed the Vigilance Committee, although he never belonged to either organization. Despite ^Mr. King's strong opinion, it should not be forgotten that there have been two views of the work of the Vigilance Com- mittee of 1856. almost from the very first days of its organization. Though ]\Ir. King has presented the popular side (piite fully, it might be said in justice to the memory of Cora that a jury, com- posed in large part of highly reputable citizens and merchants, failed to find him guilty, and a second trial was hanging over his head at the very moment he was tried and convicted by the Vigi- lance Committee. HISTORIC AL 79 The late "Deacon" George K. Fitch, a journalist for many 3'ears, and one of the owners of the "Call" and the "Bulletin" of San Francisco from the old days, said to the writer of this sketch, in January, 1904: "The killing of United States Marshal Rich- ardson was never clearly accounted for as to details. Of course Cora killed him, but whether the men quarreled has always been unaccounted for, and was much of a mystery during the trial." A Coin is Flopped. Mr. William M. Hinton, for many years one of the prominent publishers and printers of San Francisco, also a supervisor during his last years, and the patron and publisher of the first edition of Henry George's "Progress and Poverty," said to the writer, in December, 1903: "The facts concerning Cora's conviction by the Vigilance Com- mittee, interesting as they are, have never been published. The late auditor, Thoiuas Smiley, of San Francisco, defended Cora be- fore the Vigilance Committee, he being a member thereof in good standing. Mr. Smiley once told me that there was a tie vote as to the guilt of the accused man. A member of the committee said, 'Suppose we settle it by the flopping of a half dollar,' and Smiley is my authority for the statement that the committee then flopped the coin. The throw was against the accused man, and Cora was hanged on the chance verdict of the coin!" Mr. George K. Fitch, who knew of this version, said he did not doubt the word of either Smiley or Hinton, but it w^as hard for him to understand such procedure, which he deemed too trifling for a serious case. He maintained that the members of the Vigilance Committee were honest and conservative men. Perhaps no higher tribute has ever been paid to the Vigilance Committee than these calm words of the famous old editor, uttered many years after the stirring scenes of those times. Coming to Mr. O'Meara's criticism, and preliminary to quota- tions from his interesting manuscripts, it might be said here that he stoutly maintained that all published accounts of the committee 's work were by friends or members of that organization, and did not show a correct appreciation of the conditions of law and order that prevailed in the courts of the time, which he alleges admin- istered justice under honest judges. As for himself, he maintains that he was never either a member of the committee or of any opposing organization, being free to make such criticism as facts might lead him to indulge in. For the Law and Order Society, 80 HISTOIil C A L of which William T. Sherman was afterward president, he had. how- ever, high respect, indorsing: and favoring its work. Of the main subject he speaks as follows : O'Meara's Plain Words. ''First, as to the cause or pretense for the organization of the Vigilance Committee: It is declared by its ex-members and sup- porters or apologists, that it was absolutely necessary, for the rea- son that the law was not duly administered, that the courts, the fountains of justice, were either corrupted or neglectful of their duties; that juries were packed with unworthy men in important criminal cases : that there Avere gross frauds in elections, by which the will of the people was defied and defeated, and improper and dishonest men. some of them notorious rogues, were counted in and installed in public office ; and that there was a class of turbulent offenders who had the countenance, if not the support, of judges and officials in high places, and who felt themselves to be above or exempt from the law. '"Tennyson has well remarked that there is no lie so baneful as one that is half truth. So it is in respect to these alleged reasons for the organization of that Vigilance Committee. It is not true that the courts were corrupt, neglectful or remiss. Judge Hager presided in the fourth district court, and his integrity and judicial qualifications or judgments have never been questioned or im- peached. "Judge Freelon presided as county judge; the same can be re- marked of him. There was no material fault alleged against the police court. It is true, however, that in imj)ortant criminal cases, and sometimes in civil suits, the juries were packed. But why? I Avill state : merchants and business men generally had a great aversion to serving on juries, particularly in important criminal cases, which are usually protracted, and the juries were kept in comparatively close condition, because tlieir time was toi> valuable and their business required their constant attention. They pre- ferred, therefore, to pay the fine imposed, in case they Avcre unable to prevail upon the judge to excuse them. "Jury fees were inconsiderable in comparison witli tlitMr daily profits; but it was the loss of time from tlieir business which mainly actuated them. Fees Would Pay Board. "Yet these fees were sufficient to pay a day's board and lodg- ing, and to the many who were out of emploj'ment, serving on a HISTORICAL 81 jury was the means to both. There is iu every large community a class known as professional jurymen — hangers about the courts, eagerly waiting to be called. "There were men of this kind then; there are more than enough of them still loitering about the courts, civil and criminal. San Francisco is not the only city in the United States in which defendants in grave criminal cases have recourse to every con- ceivable and possible means, without scruples, to procure their own acquittal, or the utmost modification of the penalty, by proving extenuating circumstances, or that the indictment magnifies the crime. "This was true of 1856, here, as elsewhere in the land; it is equally true now. Had the merchants and solid citizens drawn as jurors fulfilled their duties to the cause of justice, to the con- servation and maintenance of law and order, they would have had no cause or pretense for the organization which they formed." This criticism reminds us of the one heretofore quoted from the late William H. Mills' letter on the subject. He was for many years famous as land agent of the Southern Pacific Railroad Com- pany and editor, for many years, of the old "Sacramento Record- Union." He always held that the existence of the Vigilance Com- mittee was an indictment against the community itself. But to recur to the words of ]Mr. O'Meara, he says: "The initial fault was attributable to themselves; the jury- packing they complained of was the direct consequence of their own neglect of that essential duty to the state, in the preservation of law and order; and they cannot reasonably or justly shift the onus from themselves upon the courts." Probably there is not extant an abler defense of the courts and constituted authorities as they then existed than in the words just quoted and those which follow, from Mr. O'Meara, who continues as follows : "Concerning the frauds in elections; yes, there were gross, outrageous frauds at every election ; repeaters, bullies, ballot-box stuffing, and false counts of the ballots to count out this candidate and count in the one favored of the 'boys.' Committee Had Knowledge. "More than one member of the Vigilance Executive Committee had thorough knowledge of all this, for the verj^ conclusive reason that more than one of them had engaged in these frauds, had not only participated in them directly or indirectly, but had actually 82 HISTORIC A L proposed theni; employed the persons who had committed the frauds, and paid these tools round sums for the infamous service." These words are probably the strongest indictment that has ever been drawn against certain members of the Vigilance Com- mittee by any conservative critic who was within close range of the circumstances and in possession of supposed tirst-hand knowl- edge of the facts and conditions of the times. If this criticism be correct, it simply shows the extent to which human nature may be perverted when self-interest overthrows the higher faculties of the mind. ^Iv. O'Meara continues as follows: "The reward of these em- ployers and accessories both during and after the frauds was the office coveted; and the 'Honorable' prefixed to their names Avas as the gilt which the watch-stuffer applies to the brass thing he imposes on the greenhorn as a solid gold watch, "Out of the committee, of the Executive Committee, the de- tectives of that body might have unearthed these honorable and virtuous purifiers and reformers ; with them, perhaps, others whose frauds w^ere no less wicked and criminal ; but in business transac- tions, and not in political affairs. "One of the Executive Committee had served liis term of two years in the Ohio state prison for forgery; here in San Francisco he had, during two cit}' elections, been the trusted agent and disburser of a very heavy sack in the honest endeavor to secure the nomination and promote the election of his principal to high office; yet this pure man was one of tlie advisers and associates of the committee, and became singularly active in pressing the expatriation of the very 'ruffians and ballot-box stuffers' he had patronized and paid. He had learned that 'dead men tell no tales.' "This pui'e character did not stand alone in his experience of penal servitude, as 'birds of a feather,' and he was uiuler a neces- sity of exemplifying Lord Dundreary's bird, to go into a corner and flock by himself. "That sonic turbulent offenders, and lar^clx- too many of thcin. defied the law, is likewise true. But that tliey were countenanced or favored by the judges is utterly without truthful foundation. "And it is remarkaljb- tliat. of all the men hanged or expatri- ated by the committee, only two had ever been complained of or arraigned before the courts for any crime of violence ; not one of them all had been either acquitted or convicted, accused or sus- pected of theft, robbery, or other felony. HISTORICAL 83 Some Other Strictures. "This is more, as I have stated, than can be said of some of the forty-one members of the Executive Committee. And among the members of the rank and file of the 5,000 or 6,000 men enrolled upon the lists of the committee — of native or English-speaking citi- zens or residents — there were scores of scoundrels of every degree, bogus gold-dust operators, swindlers and fugitives from justice. "Of the members of other nationalities — some of whom had not been in the country long enough to acquire a knowledge of Eng- lish — I have no occasion to pass remark ; but the fear of communism and disturbance, from the increase of its incendiary votaries in our country, east and here, cannot be lessened or composed by the recol- lection of the conduct of many of the same nationality who then swelled the ranks of the committee's troops. "Saturday, November 19, 1855, the community was startled by the report that General Richardson, United States marshal, had been shot dead by a gambler. "The shooting occurred on the south side of Clay Street, about midway between IMontgomery and Leidesdortf Streets. The fatal shot was fired by Charles Cora. Cora was a gambler, yet he did not look the character. He was a low-sized, well-formed man ; dressed in a genteel manner, with no display of jewelry or loudness ; was reserved and quiet in his demeanor ; and his manners and con- versation were those of a refined gentleman. I first saw him at the Blue Wing, a popular rendezvous for politicians, on Montgomery Street, east side, between Clay and Commercial Streets, and my impression then Avas that he was a lawyer or a well-to-do merchant. "General Richardson was a morose and at times a disagreeable man. He was of low stature, thick-set, dark complexion, black hair, and usually wore a bull-dog look. He was known by his intimate friends to be a dangerous man as a foe, and he always went armed with a pair of derringers. The Thursday night prior to the shooting General Richardson and Colonel Joe C. McKibben, afterward a member of Congress, were at the Blue Wing in company. "After midnight Richardson went out for a moment on the sidewalk. A man passed him, made a jocular remark, and entered the saloon. Richardson followed him into the saloon and asked of Perkins his name. Richardson had been drinking heavily. Mc- Kibben prevailed on him to start for his home. It was on Minna Street, not far from Fred Woodworth's, just above Jessie Street. 84 HISTOmCAL Angry Over Insult. "Joe aeeonii);uiied him most of the way. Kit-liardson spoke to him of an insult he had reeeived from 'thai fellow Carter' — as he seemed to think the name to be — and declaretl liis pui-pose to make him answer for it. "]\IeKibben knew Cora, and that Cora was the man to whom Richardson referred; but he likewise knew enough of Richardson not to correct him. ami Id him believe that Carter was the name, in the hope that iu his condition he would either not think of the occurrence the next day or woidd not be able to recooiiize Cora if he did. "The following Saturday afternoon a party of us — Joe ]\Ic- Kibben, John Monroe, clerk of Judge Hoffman's court. Yj. V. Joice, Pen Johnston, Josh Haven, and m^'self — were in the Court Ex- change, corner of Battery and Washington Streets. "Richardson came in while we w^ere there and was in drinking humor. He became sullen, and as we all knew his nature, it was (piietly agreed among us that we would leave and try to get him away. He was devoted to his wife, whom he married in San Francisco. McKibben and I accompanied him on his way home. going as far as the old Oriental Hotel, within a few blocks of his residence. There he insisted on a 'last drink,' when we left him — he to go straight home. "It turned out that he did not. He brooded over the insult of Carter, as he still called Cora, and made his way to the Blue Wing to find him. l^nfortunately he found Cora there. He called him out, and, as one man will lead anotlier by his side, walked with him around the corner into Clay Street, halting just in front of the store of a French firm — I do not recall the name — and so managed as to put Cora on the iron grating of the sidewalk, inside, with his back 1o llie brick wall of tiie store. "Cora had not the slightest idea that Richardson had taken offense at his remark on Thursday night, for it was in no wise offensive or insulting, but simply a bit of ordinary pleasantry, and, therefore, he was not aware of Richardson's object in asking him to come out from the saloon. Demanded Cora's Life. "But nuiny of Richai-dson 's intimate friends, who felt his death keenly, were at that time disposed to the extreme penalty of the law upon the man who shot him, after due reflection and delibera- tion, came to the conclusion, that, under the circumstances; stand- HI STOEIC AL 85 ing as he was placed before Richardson, who stood with his hands in his pockets, and a derringer in each pocket, forcing his demand upon Cora, the latter had one of two things to do — either to kill Richardson or allow Richardson to kill him. "There were not many on Clay Street near the fatal scene, but the discharge of Cora's pistol soon brought several to the spot. Richardson's body was carried to the side-door entrance on Clay Street, into the drug-store then on that corner of Montgomery Street, and there hundreds viewed it. "Cora was taken in charge by Dave Scamiell, the sheriff. After that episode the excitement increased every hour and many urged the summary hanging of Cora. Scannell had duly prepared for all this, and order was preserved, although several hundred men formed in line and proceeded to the county jail to force their way in, seize Cora, and hang him forthwith. "Sunday morning the excitement had diminished in spirit of violence, but had increased in volume and disposition to bring Cora to justice. Several prominent lawyers, the personal friends of Richardson, had already volunteered to assist in the prosecution of the man who shot him." Subsequent events show that it was difficult indeed during that turbulent period to obtain a lawyer to defend Cora, and when one was obtained he tried hard to get out of the contract, owing to the pressure of public sentiment. Mr. O'Meara continues his account as follows : "The application of some of Cora's friends to several of the most noted criminal lawyers in the city, with a heavy fee for defense as the consideration, was in many instances declined. Cora had one to his support, however, who proved more successful in engaging counsel than his other friends. This w^as the woman known as Belle Cora, keeper of a notorious resort, with whom Cora lived. "She was rich and possessed of indomitable spirit. She was devoted to Cora. In this connection I will relate that which Gov- ernor Foote imparted to me and J. Ross Browne, during a trip to Oregon late in the summer of 1857. Belle Cora Pleads. "It was substantially this: Belle Cora herself had gone to the law office of Colonel E. D. Baker to engage him as counsel for Cora, and had succeeded. The fee was to be $5,000; one-half this sum was immediately paid to him. She then applied to Governor 86 HISTORICAL Foote to eugatjo him to assist in the ease. He deelined. ])ut assured her that he should not appear for the prosecution. In a few daj's, on account of tlu' intense popular feeliuii to\vai-d Coi-a. and also because the law partner of Colonel Baker liad strenuously ob- jected to his acting as counsel for Cora, as it would greatly dam- age their professional business and their per-sonal standing in the community. Baker called upon Governor Foote and requested him to see Belle Cora and apprise her tiuit she nuist employ some other counsel; that he felt that he must Avithdi-aw from the case — the .$2.r)()(> already paid would be iTturned to her. "To extricate his professional brother from his unpleasant situation. Governor Foote consented to undertake the disagreeable mission. The woman was imnu)val)le in her determination to hold Colonel Bakei- to his engagement, and she intimated in terms not to be misunderstood that she was determined that he should fulfill his obligations. "Colonel Baker was a num of dauntless courage in meeting and coping with dangers of human ([uality; but he was in constant fear at sea, and it seems that there was another quality of peril which overmastered his intrepid spirit. "When Governor Foote related to him the result of his mission, he advised the Colonel to see the Avonuiii liimself. Colonel Baker did go, Governor Foote accompanying him. "The governor said he had never witnessed such a manifesta- tion of a woman's power and irresistible influence. Belle Cora "was inspired to the height of heroism in her devotion to Cora, her pur- pose to secure his acquittal and prevent his sacrifice. "She appealed, implored, begged Colonel Baker to stand by his engagement. AVhen he nuitle no response and seemetl not to yield, she commanded that he must, he should. She would double his fee. She would have him appear as Cora's counsel, even if he did no more than sit in court with Cora near him. and speak no word at all. But go on in eourl and have it known that he was Cora's counsel, he must. She was inflexible in this; and when the day of trial came, Colonel Baker did appear with Colonel James A. Mc- Dougell, Colonel James Frank Tilford, as counsel for Charles Cora, and it was at that ti"ial that C'olonel Baker made the most eloquent and extraordinary argument of his life, in a criminal case. "It was not a packed jury in Cora's case. Care had been taken to impanel only good, respectable citizens, some of whom a short time after- ward became members of the Vigilance Committee, and in a greater or less degree participated in the seizure of Cora from the county jail, and in his condemnation and execution. HIST OBI C AL 87 Merchants on Jury. ''Three of the jury were prominent Front Street merchants. Notwithstanding all the feeling against Cora, the popular, unrelent- ing prejudice, and the great preponderance of the foremost legal minds of the San Francisco bar in his prosecution — Alex Campbell, General Williams, and Colonel Sam Inge, the United States district attorney to assist in the prosecution, the jury disagreed, and among the jurors who held out against a verdict of murder were three Front Street merchants and others of equal high standing in the community. Cora was held for another trial, and it was while awaiting this that he was seized by the Vigilance Committee, taken to their rooms, and hanged. "The excitement consequent upon the killing of Richardson did not culminate in the formation of a Vigilance Committee similar to that of 1851. but it influenced the public mind in that direction. It was the piling of combustibles which required only the electric spark to fire and heat to consuming flame. "There were still in the city a round number of the early Vigi- lance Committee which had ridden San Francisco of the Sydney thieves, some who had also suppressed the Hounds — and they were prepared again to meet violence and lawlessness with the strong- arm of organized public force, and the quick, sharp vengeance of the lex talionis. "The occasion soon came. On May 14, 1856, between 4 and 5 o'clock in the afternoon, James T. Casey shot James King of William on Montgomery Street, at the corner of Washington. He fired only one shot. King was facing Casey when he fired; he immediately staggered and fell. "The crowd gathered in a very few moments. Casey was taken into custody and Sheriff Scannell hastened him to the county jail in a hack. The crowd followed and clamored for his life ; they wanted to hang him at once. Then followed the organization of the Vigilance Committee, made up in part and mainly directed by members of the Committee of 1851. Profit by Fraud. "And the burning fact remains incredible that among the mem- bers of the Executive Committee were some who had themselves obtained office by bribery and corruption, by calling into play the stuffing of ballot-boxes and by all the infamous and wicked means which were at that time practiced. SS HISTO B I C A L "Among the members was a felon who had served his time in the Ohio state prison: another still livinir at tliis writing, and a highly respectable ehnreh member, who i)r(>fesses holy horror of frand. had in early years colluded with his brother to get posses- sion of valuable wharf property, of which the brother was agent and care-taker by appointment of the owner, who had returned to his home in the east to be gone a year. "The scheme of these brothers was a fraud of villainous con- ception, but it was clumsy and therefore failed. On his return the courts restored the property to the rightful owner. I might go on and point out other members of the Executive Committee who had committed deeds which, had they been duly brought to answer in the courts, would have put upon them the felon's brand and the con- vict's stripes, in some instances; in others, pilloried them as rogues and swindlers unwoi'tliy of trust and not fit for respectable associa- tion. "But were one to trace the career of several others of that body, the tracks would be through the sloughs and avenues of turpi- tude and crime and finally to self-murder. It was as bad — it could hardly have been worse, except in numbers, proportioned to the greater numerical force — as the vigilance rank and file. "It is against reason and sense to expect that in a body of 5,000 men there will l)e none who are not good and honorable; that there will be no base and disreputable characters, rogues and scoundrels. Therefore it is not strange that of the committee's entire force so man}- were of the vile stamp, notorious gold-dust operators who robbed the honest miner of his pile by bare-faced frauds; mock- auction sharpers, high-toned frauds and swindlers of low degree; and others who neither toiled nor spun, but feasted and fattened. "All these found in tlie i-anks of the eoniiiiittee their own security from the judgment of incarceration or banishment, en- forced in the case of others less culpable than themselves. But the onus rests upon theP^xecutive Connnittee — who constituted the head and the front of tlie grave offending of the very laws they usurped; they were the counselors and administrators, the accusers and arbiters of the fate of their powerless victims. "Theirs was a tribunal organized to convict — they were the prosecutors, the .jurors, tlie judges from wliose fiat of condenuia- tion there was no appeal. "Arrest meant death or banishment. The accused were prose- cuted by the promoter or participant with tliem in the charged offense or crime, and convicted l)y the verdict nf some who had HI STOKIC A L 89 been accessories, and these were often the most strenuous for con- viction. It is a rule of law that the accuser shall come into court Avith clean hands. "Ignoring this just rule, and in defiance of law, in usurping the seat of justice, the Executive Committee gave opportunity to several members to compound for sins they were inclined to ; they sat in judgment on those whose testimony in any court of justice would have turned the tables and wrought the conviction of their accusers, prosecutors, and judges. Only a Few Guilty. "Of course these strictures do not apply to the greater number of the Executive Committee — to only about half a dozen of its members. The committee was composed mainly of honorable men. deservedly high in the community, in every walk and relation of life. They doubtless acted from a conscientious sense of duty, and neither intended usurpation of the law, violence to justice, nor any wrong whatever. "They believed it incumbent upon them to reform what they re- garded as the maladministration of public affairs, .and to cleanse the city of the corruption which existed — as it has existed and always will exist in popular communities, agreeably to the sentiment of Jefferson that cities 'are scabs upon the body politic' "And with the best of motives they believed that the organiza- tion of the Vigilance Committee was the better and surer remedial agent to these wholesome and commendable purposes. But their action was akin to that of the thousands of citizens who refrain from voting at primary elections, where the seed is planted that Mdll produce its kind in the fruiting of the day of the final and determining election, and subsequently complain of the incompe- tency or dishonesty of the incumbent whose election is largely at- tributable to the neglect of these very citizens to make it their special care that only good and qualified men shall be elected at the primaries." Mr. O'Meara has uttered some strong words in defense of Casey. He says Casey has always been wrongly described as a ruffian and villain of irredeemable depravity — desperate to the last degree. He maintains that Casey was a young man of intelligent and rather prepossessing face, being in his habits inclined to fine clothes, but neither flashy nor gaudy in attire. His eyes were blue and large, and his record in the office of assistant county treasurer, where he handled a large amount of money, is said to have been 90 HISTORICAL clear, and his atlniinistration compares favorably with that of any who have succeeded him. Ca^ey not Vicious. Durinrr his career in ^au Francisco, says O'Meara, Casey had never been accused of any crime and had never been suspected of any offense involving moral turpitude. Ballot-box stuffing was charged to his account, also fraudulent counting in the election, and there may have been some foundation for each charge, but there were members of the Executive Committee who had been asso- ciated with him in these very wrongs, and at least one of them, says O'Meara, had gained a place of much profit therefrom. He says it will serve to state the offense for which Casey was sentenced before he left New York. He had. the same as many other young men. taken up with a girl whose chastity had been ruined by an- other, and hired and furnished an apartment for her. The two lived together as husband and wife, but finally quarreled and sep- arated. "In his hot temper one day." says the narrator, "he saw her upon the street, and instantly the thought flashed upon his mind that he would go to her apartment and have the furniture taken from it. He still kept the key to the door, hired a wagon, and car- ried out his determination. The landlady supposed it to be all right, as he had paid the rent in advance, and she was that much the gainer. "Casey took the furniture to a second-hand dealer, sold it, and kept the money. As he bought it. he held that it was his to sell. An hour or two later the girl arrived and the landlady told her what had happened. It appeared that in taking the furniture Casey had also taken a few articles that belonged to the girl, probably by mistake, but she hastened to the police court, made a charge against him. He was arrested, and in spite of his defense was convicted. The sentence was eighteen months in Sing Sing prison. He served his time and came to California. "This was the damning record that James King of "William liad threatened to publish in the 'Bulletin.' " Facts not Published. The facts in the case were not i)ublished, says ^Ir. O'^Ieara. but only the fact of the indictment, the conviction, the sentence. and the sentence to pri.son. ^Mr. King had been told all this by a man who was clerk of the court and was cognizant of all the HISTORIC AL 91 facts. He was a prominent Broderick man and hated Casey, who had left that wing of the party and joined the other wing, and sought by this means to blast Casey's reputation. Casey was morbidly sensitive on the subject. He had been told that Mr. King intended to publish the matter, and early in the afternoon of the shooting he called on the editor at his office and Avarned him to desist from the publication. King gave no heed to the warning, and the matter appeared in the "Bulletin" that day. Casey was thereupon exasperated to madness. He armed himself, watched for King on Montgomery Street, but did not conceal himself. It was King's invariable custom to leave his office, a small, one-story brick building, which long occu- pied Merchant Street, at the foot of Montgomery, soon after the paper was issued. Casey saw^ and hailed him. The distance be- tween him and the angry man was probably about forty feet. Some witnesses swore that Casey shouted, "Prepare yourself!" and fired. King reeled and fell on the sidewalk. He had frequently made notice in his paper that any whom he denounced in his columns had the choice of adopting their own mode of recourse, named the route he usually took to and from his otfice, with the significant hint. "God help anyone who attacks me," defying that method of redress. Casey took him at his word. King was borne to the Montgomery Block, as heretofore stated, where he soon died. Mr. O'Meara maintains that there is ample evidence that the work of the famous committee of 1856 was not free from bias, "pulls," and like weaknesses of mankind. He cites the fact that in the county jail at that very time was Rod Backus, a young man of good family, a cousin of Phil Backus, a man of considerable prominence in mercantile and social life. Rod Backus had shot and killed a man whom he had never seen until a moment before he shot him, a dozen paces distant. It was a cold-blooded murder, without excuse, extenuation, or palliating circumstances. Rod Backus was a frequent visitor at the house of one Jennie French. As he came to visit her one evening at dusk she was standing at the doorway, at the head of the iron stairway, which led to the entrance of the second floor. On the opposite side of Jackson Street Avas a man. As Rod met her she said, "Rod, that fellow has insulted me ; shoot him." At the Avord, Backus drcAV his pistol and fired, after Avhich the man fell dead. Backus had in- fluential friends among business men and politicians, so the coroner 92 HISTORIC A L held an inquest. A jury to hold Backus blameless had been ob- tained, but they overshot their mark, and the thing was too bare- faced. Murdered Man Respected. The murdered man was a Cierman. much respected among his people ; but at last Backus had his crime reduced to a small degree and to a short term — three to five j'ears in San Quentin prison. This easy let-off did not satisfy him. for he wanted a verdict of ae(iuittal. and expected still to get it. Accordingly he appealed his case, and while in the county jail waiting the decision of the supreme court on his appeal, they had seized and taken Casey and Cora. Backus was not molested. Nevertheless his fear of conse- quences impelled him to withdraw his appeal, submit to his sentence, and serve his term at San Quentin. lie even begged to be taken there at once, and he was taken there. The explanation made by the committee leaders for not taking him was that the law had already passed judgment in his case, and it was not the purpose of the committee to interfere with the judg- ment of the courts. The explanation was puerile and inconsistent with the decision in the case of Cora, who was also in the hands of the court and awaiting another trial. In conclusion. ]\Ir. O'^NIeara thus pays liis respects to the com- mittee: "Colonel E. D. Baker had defended Charles Cora at the first trial, as I have heretofore related. He was positive and un- reserved in his denunciation of the committee. "Whether he was ever threatened with ari-est. I do not know; l)nt lie afterward went into one of the northern interior counties and practiced his pro- fession until September, when he entered into the Presidential cam- paign as chief orator for the Fremont party, and in November re- turned to his i)ractice in San Francisco." The Vigilance Committee disbanded their military force late in August. The Executive Committee held to them for future emer- gencies, but ceased their meetings. Fort Gunnybags was disman- tled. In concluding this sketch it may be well to say that during the trial of Cora there was no definite reference as to the nature of the dispute between him and General Richardson at the time of the fatal shot. On the authority of the late Oscar T. Shuck, a prominent legal writer, Cora was a sober man. while (ieneral Rich- ardson was drinking and in a quarrelsome mood the night before the killing. HISTORIC A L 98 Baker's Fame Grows. The fame of Colonel E. D. Baker grew rapidly after his able de- fense of Cora. His speech in that defense is one of the great for- ensic efforts in the history of the California bar. Here are sub- mitted two extracts from that effort: "The profession to which we belong is, of all others, fearless of public opinion. It has ever stood up against the tyranny of monarch, on the one hand, and the tyranny of public opinion, on the other; and if, as the humblest among them, it becomes me to instance myself, I may say with a bold heart, and I do say it wuth a bold heart, that there is not in all this world a wretch so humble, so guilty, so despairing, so torn with avenging furies, so pursued by the arm of the law, so afraid of death — there is no wretch so steeped in all the agonies of vice and crime that I would not have a heart to listen to his cry, and a tongue to speak in his defense; though around his head all the wrath of public opinion should gather and rage and roar and roll, as the ocean rolls around the rock. And if ever I forget, if I ever deny that highest duty of my profession, may God palsy this arm and hush my voice for- ever." The Colonel here went into an exhaustive analysis of all the evidence. Among other things, he said: "Mrs. Knight swears that Richardson had an arm raised. Two others, for the prosecution, say he had not. Remember that the raising of his arm is life or death to us. If Cora killed him when his hands were down, it is murder ; if there was a struggle it was different. I believe Richard- son was brave. I don't believe the man lives who, twice in one day, could back Richardson against the door, put a pistol to his bosom and hold it there while he, Richardson, cowered like a slave. Is there no moral law to be observed? Is there no correspondence in the nature of things? Did Richardson, as Mrs. Knight says, raise his arm? Did he, as Cotting says, have his arms pinioned? "Now, before you go one step further toward a conclusion you must be satisfied on this point, and you must all agree upon it. Again, a pistol, cocked, was found near his hand. Now, I want to utter a word on which eternal things may depend. I ask you, was that pistol drawn before Richardson was shot? Can you be- lieve he stood up in that doorway for four minutes, with a pistol cocked, and say he was unarmed? IMr. Cook may have been mis- taken, but whether he was or not, the pistol was there, the knife was there. They were drawn; he drew them; they were drawn 94 HISTORICAL in combat; and. being drawn, it justified tlio utmost extremity of arms before men or angels." An Eloquent Close. After a still further analysis of the evidence Colonel Baker reached his peroration, and said: "That a woman should, in adver- sity and bitterness, in sorrow and crime, stand by her friend in the dungeon, on the scaffold, witli her money and tears and defiance and vengeance all combined, is hunum and natural. This woman is bad; she has forgotten her chastity — fallen by early tempta- tion from her high estate; and among the matronage of the land her name .sliall never be heard. She has but one tie, she acknowl- edges but one obligation, and that she performs in the gloom of the cell and the dread of death ; nor public opinion, nor the passions of the multitude, nor the taunts of angry counsel, nor the ven- geance of the judge can sway her for a iiionu*nt from her course. If any of you have it in your hearts to condemn and say 'Stand back! I am holier than thou,' remember Mary Magdalene's name written in the book of life. "I feel prouder of human nature. I have learned a new les- son. Hide him in the felon's grave, with no inscription conse- crated to the spot ; and when you have forgotten it and the memories of the day have passed, there will be one bosom to heave a sigh in penitence and prayer, there will be one eye to weep a refreshing tear over the sod, one treml)liug hand to plant flowers above his head. Let them make tlie most of it. I scorn the imputation that infamy should rest on liim for her folly and lier sins. Let them make the most of it, and wiien the Great Judge of all shall con- demn — when, in that dread hour, you and I and she shall stand at the common tribunal for the deeds done or aimed to be done at this day. — if this be remembered against her at all. it will be lost in the record of a thousand crimes perpetrated by high and noble souls. Let a man who feels in his heart no type of such traits of goodness, of truest courage in darkest destiny, let that man be the first to put his liaud to tlu' bloody verdict. As to Public Opinion. "There is public ()i)inion now; there was no such thing as genuine public opinion at tlie time of the homicide — it was bastard. It is now calm, intelligent, relenting, determined, and just. If you mean to be the oracles of this public opinion, in God's name speak! If you mean to be priests of the divinity which honest HISTORICAL 95 men may worship, answer ! If you are the votaries of the other, you are but the inflamed Cassandra of a diseased imagination and of a prurient public mind. If of the former, I bow at your feet, in honor of the mysteries of your worship. Against this man the public press, so potent for good, so mighty for evil, inflames and convulses the public mind and judgment. There is not one thing they have said that is in accordance with truth and justice ; there is not one version they have given that is based on testimony and facts." Now that the reader has had a pretty full account of the posi- tions held by the friends of both sides of the famous controversy as to the powers and prerogatives of the two famous vigilance com- mittees of San Francisco, especially of that of 1856, he may judge whether the men of the olden day were right or wrong, whether they were justified wholly or partly in their struggle for social order in the wonderful era that followed in less than a decade after the discovery of gold. The most noted event following the abandonment of the Vigi- lance Committee was the organization of an independent political party by a number of those who had been members of that commit- tee. The late Deacon Fitch, long owner of the "Bulletin," once said to the writer that the purpose of that political party, as stated by its founders, was to "rescue the city of San Francisco from the clutch of irresponsible men." The conclusion of their deliberations was the organization of what was known as the People's Reform party. It has been main- tained by some of the more bitter opponents and critics of the Vigilance Committee that the new Reform party was really organ- ized for the purpose of protecting those who had been members of the Vigilance Committee ; but Mr. Fitch, who was probably a fair-minded observer of the events of those times, did not credit this view. He maintained that the ultimate fruit of that party's work was to give San Francisco the best government of any city in the United States. A Party is Born. In August, 1856, at a public meeting held in front of the Ameri- can Exchange, in San Francisco, Ira P. Rankin was elected chair- man of the new organization. Resolutions declaring the unfitness of the old political parties were speedil}^ adopted. About twenty young men, among whom were J. B. Thomas, E. H. Washburn, Louis McLean, Frederick Billings. A. B. Forbes, and T. 0. Larkin, were appointed a committee to draw up resolutions 96 HI ST HI C A L recomniendinir tlie election of leg:islators pledfred to reform, aiul it was made jiart of their duty to iioniinate city and county officers. It is said that the persuasive eh)(|uence of E. II. Washburn was instrumental in enabling: the committee to carry out its reform work. In a short time it named a ticket that won at the polls. The county officers it elected are said to have lieen patriotic and efficient. To this fact and the viy:ilance of the awakened public sentiment may be attributed the infrequeney of corruption in the economic reign which followed. So eager was the desire to save the public funds that the judges of the nisi prius eourt were reminded, wlien they asked for stoves for their courtrooms, tliat fuel was not needed in a land of perpetual summer. One of the immediate effects of the new regime was the swift and ci'rtain administration of justice in the regularly constituted courts, and a marked decrease of crime. There were not many policemen, but they are said to have been efficient and were well backed up by enlightened public sentiment; also by judges who were not afraid to give criminals long term sentences. Under the reform movement almost every expense connected with the administration under the city government was less than under the sparser population of the older daj's. As the city of San Francisco thus set a good example in prosperity, showing a remark- able recovery from the excitement and uncertainty of earlier years, so, too. the state itself ])rospered. and the world ])eheld the spectacle of a mighty empire of pioneers righting the ship of state at a time when some of the severer critics were maintaining that California and chaos were fated to be synonymous. Professor Josiah Royce. of Harvard, who wi-otc a charming history of California for a specified era. has aptly said that a race has grown up, under the reign of law and as the outcome of these early struggles, and that the race is characterized by peculiar quali- ties of strength and weakness. He thinks the genesis of society in the Golden State accounts foi- nuich of the free Anierieanism. the disregard of old customs, antl tlu' fi-cc-licaiied gciiei-osity of the native Californians. Prosperity is Result. It was not many years after the Vigilance Committee work before the social order was well established tliroughout all Cali- fornia, and her industries went forward under a systematic and enlarged scale. The fruits of the early struggles of the pioneers are thus being reaped by the generation now living. The lessons HISTORIC AL 97 of these struggles are to be the final reward of futurity, although the administration of the laws under regular methods has long been an esta])lished fact, and the aberrations of 1851-56 may now be said to be little more than a memory. Reforms in legal proce- dure have gone on steadily. They are now being agitated through- out California, as throughout the United States, but the extent to which the iK)pnbn- will may yet impress itself upon the courts and the laws tliemselves is within the field of prophecy rather than of history. ]\Iany ([uaint and interesting stories concerning the first jus- tices who held the scales in California have been told from time to time, and some of them have been circulated the world over, have found their way into novels and plays. Biographers, county historians, newspaper men, and others have often collected these "yarns" of the olden days. In no instance have we seen a much better collection than that gathered by E. S. Harrison in his History of Santa Cruz County. We are indebted to his charming volume for the substance of many of the following incidents, some of them drawn from the territorial history of the state. ^Ir. Harrison found the records of Alcalde Blackburn a source of good material. Alcalde Blackburn was a prominent jurist in the earl,y days, although no one has ever accused him of having known much of the technical side of law. It should l)e borne in mind that Blackl)urn careered at a time when there were neither codes nor statutes, so he had to render many of his decisions without the aid of the doctrine of stare decisis or other precedent. If there were precedents elsewhere, he did not know of them or care for them. It is probable that the Civil Codes of Justinian had a greater influence on the minds of the early justices than did the rules of the common law, for the Spanish influence predominated. The Old Alcaldes. The inference from the old dockets of Alcalde Blackburn is that he was not influenced very much b}" either civil or common law. Common sense, the dictates of his own judgment, a familiarity with Holy Writ, and a few homely axioms seem to have ruled him in many of his decisions. He had more respect for and knowledge of the laws of Moses than of either those of Blackstone or Jus- tinian. 98 11 1 STO R I C A L Among the stories verified by Mr. Harrison may be cited the following incidents, the first being taken word for word from the alcalde 's records : It appears that on November 27, 1847, at Alcalde Blackburn's office, Alexander Kodriquez sued one Casember for a civil injury. The defendant, a boy. was proved to have maliciously sheared the mane and tail of tlie plaintiff's horse. The magistrate sen- tenced him to have his own head shaved in front of the office before the public. This sentence was duly carried out. Under date of June 16. 1848. an entry shows that Andrea Sunigo was up for breach of peace and the malicious stabbing of an Indian. The case was duly heard and the defendant was found guilty. The sentence was that he be banished from Santa Cruz for one year. In a misdemeanor case the defendant was found guilty. The sentence was "a number of lashes on the ])are back." with the end of a riata "well put on." Another odd record from this quaint old volume of the alcalde's is where a husband invokes the aid of the alcalde to force his wife to live with him. After a careful hearing of the evidence the al- calde's conclusion was that they should "settle their own differ- ences. ' ' Another interesting entry discovered in the old record is as follows, omitting the names of the jurors: Territory of California Magistrate's Office, vs. Santa Cruz, Feb. 10, 1848. Trueman Trueman. Kobbery. Defendant accused of robbing an individual named Brock. Tried by a jury. Verdict : That the defendant shall immediately receive twelve lashes on his bare back, well laid on. and be banished from this jurisdiction forever; and if ever found here again, be hung by the neck until dead. (Signed) W. BLACKBURN, Alcalde of Santa Cruz. In the same book is another entry under date of July IHth. a case wherein the defendant was found guilty of perjury. The punishment was fifty lashes and l)anishment. with tlic warning that he would have to suffer the penalty of being hanged if he should ever be found within the jurisdiction of the alcalde atiain. A Great Hog Case. One of the odd stories of those times, but as yet unverified by the discovery of the record, pertains to the ever-present and hu- HISTOIilCAL 99 morous liog and the succulent garden into which he so often breaks on mischief bent. This story shows that one of the parties to the suit owned a garden. Of course the trouble began when a neighbor's pestiferous and hungry hog broke through the enclosure, regardless of the statutes in such case made and provided. And once therein he ate his fill, remembering well the location as a preventive of future starvation. The hog repeated the offense so often that the owner of the garden lost his temper and decided to execute the lex talionis; so in a fit of temper he ended the hog's career and dragged the carcass off the premises. Another person living in the vicinity, believing in economy and having a tooth for bacon, concluded that it would be good policy to utilize the meat forthwith. He did not believe in the wasteful policy of leaving the dead animal a prey to coyotes and other beasts of the forest. With this "put money in thy purse" philosojihy uppermost in his mind, he soon had the fat in his own larder. But there was a day of reckoning coming to him. The owner of the hog at once brought an action against the owner of the garden for the value of the animal, and the evidence was undisputed before the alcalde, who took much pains to give his views. He conceded the right of the owner of the garden to defend his property to the extent of using force and arms (the alcalde said "vi et armis") if necessary to preserve the potatoes and other vegetables that were peacefully growing therein. The magistrate, however, thought that there would be genuine equity in giving the owner of the hog a judgment for its value, since something should not be taken for nothing. But there was another element to be reckoned with — the fellow who ate the hog; so the wise alcalde assessed damages and coiu^t costs against the beneficiary who waxed fat on the bacon. Be it known that this lover of pork was never a party to the suit, but the lasso of the court, like the drag-net of the deep-sea fisherman, knew no limits of that kind. Judge Gaffey's Humor. In later years many hnmorous incidents came to light while Judge Gaffey was in power in Santa Cruz County. Being a witty Celt, he never lost an opportunity to catcli the humorous phase of even the driest situation. Some of the stories that originated in Judge Gaffey's court, like some of those from Alcalde Blackburn's record, have been revamped and adapted to other countries and courts, l)ut they were born of California's atmosphere. 100 HI ST () i: I (' A L \ iiKirc oriiriiial. iiioi'c uciiial. or iiiorc Imiiiorous justice prob- iil)l\' lu'ver lu'kl office than .ludtie (Jaft'ey. who at'tei-ward became prominent in the hc('t-.sii<:ai- indiislry of Calitor-nia. "When lie presided over the justice's couiM at Watsonville, he entertained a hijrliei- i-e>iard for justice and e(piity tlian for the technical features of the law. and if he ever missed the Irishman's opi)oi't unity to jxTpct ivitc a harmless joke, even when pi-esidini;- in his court with an effoi'l at di.<:nit\". it is not i-enicmhered by those wlio had business with that coui't. One of the stoi'ies told of his court is that he once had l)(>fore him a man accused of violating;' the uame law of the state by catcli- iuiT youn^' fish. The cross-examination ran somet liiiiL; like tliis: "How do you know that the fisli wei'c youii.u''' "Because Xk^ry small." was the answei'. "'Then I suppose you think a minnow is a youni;' fish and a whale an old one?" "A whale is a warm-blooded animal, not a fish at all." iii- teri'uptetl the court; "do not mislead the witness." Finally the judjic said he thought he could shorten the pro- ceedings by deciding' that the best way to tell the age of a fish is by its smell. Once two Italians came to .rud<:i' (latVey to have liim (b^ter- mine which was the owner of a cow. 'i'he judii'e took great pains to hear i.'\vv\ detail of the testimony. With minute particulai'ity he viewed the sjjots and brands of the animal. The Italians were eager to know what so much interest could mean, foi' tlie judge was unusually atti'acted by the bi-and. They wei'e not long in doul)t. for the coui't said: "This cow is miiu'. for it beai's my hi'ands and is markecl just as it was when a calf. I lia\-e often won- dered who stole it. I)i-ive or lead it over to my house, either one or both of you. go home and the case will be ended. The statute of limitations has i-un against the thief, but I am much obliged to you for feeding the calf while the statute was woi'king against the prosecution." The Sign Language. Another Italian case is worth i-eciting. Two Italians had been fighting viciously, but neither knife nor pistol was used in the melee. One had chewed the other's thumb viciously, but in doing so he had contracted a vei-y mournful looking eye. Kach had the other arrested for assault aiul l)attery and both wei-e im- patient foi- the case to go on. Hut another case was under way HISTOBICAL 101 when they appeared, so they were asked to wait. The case was prolonged beyond expectations and the excitable Italians grew im- patient. The case had not been finished when the hour set for the hearing of theirs arrived. The courtroom was crowded, the day was hot, and the justice was sitting near a raised window in order to get some fresh air. The Italians were outside. One of them, growing eager and seeing that the .judge was close to the window, stepped close thereto, attracted the attention of the judge, and pleadingly held up his mutilated thumb. The judge put up his right hand, open, and motioned the sup- pliant away. A moment later the other Italian appeared just where his antagonist had been, attracted the attention of the justice, and pointed to his black eye, as if to plead for redress. Just as he had done in the other instance. Brother Gaffey held up his right hand and motioned to the pleading man to go away. The motions were misunderstood by the two litigants, as the secpiel will show. The Italians Disappear. The Italians began to study the sign language. By a common impulse they came to the conclusion that the judge meant five dol- lars, as his hand had plainly displayed five fingers. They soon caught the attention of the judge again, Avhereupon each deftly laid a five dollar gold piece on the table, which was close to the window, and both departed, feeling that the judge had held them equally guilty and fined each five dollars. One of the most amusing incidents during the reign of Judge Gaffey has to do with the man for whom Watsonville was named — John H. Watson, a man much beloved by the people, because he was of the free-and-easy type that never counted the money he lent or borrowed, never thought of either borrowed or lent monej^, never expected the one nor paid the other — one of the last of the old-time, easy-going Californians who meant neither discourtesy nor dishonesty. He was genial, warm-hearted, and intelligent. He liked the old Spanish custom of leaving "guest money" in the room of the visitor. If the guest were short of funds, he was supposed to help himself, and under no circumstances was the money left ever counted after the visitor's departure. Watson w^as an attorney, and he figured in many humorous incidents in the early days of jurisprudence, the days that shortly followed the admission of California to the Union. ]02 HISTORICAL 111 oiie of these cases a prisoutT was up for stealing a horse. It was evident that he had no money, so the judge appointed Mr. Watson to defend him. *'0f course I am an officer of this court." retorted Watson, "and iiiu.st obey, but your Honor has made some remarks that indi- cate that a lawyer will have a hard time relieving the situation. Possibly the defendant is beyond legal relief and had better plead guilty." "Not so bad as that." said the judge, '"and I desire you to do the very best you can for the defendant. Even the humblest is entitled to every iiossil)le relief and to the best legal advice ob- tainable under the circumstances." "As I know nothing about the case." said Watson. "I should like the privilege of consulting with my client for about fifteen minutes, for which purpose I ask your Honor to kindly let us withdraw to your chambers." "That will be proper." said the judge, adding. "Mr. Watson, you will please advise your client what is the best course you think your client should pursue. ^leantime the court will neither adjourn nor take a recess." The judge really meant this as a hint that the state should be spared the costs and trouble of a trial, and he thought Watson would naturally be glad to escape the trial by advising his client to plead guilty. "Thank you. your Honor." responded Wat.son. addintr. "As I take the case reluctantly. I shall advise my client what I deem the best course for him to pursue." Defense Wins Case. After fifteen minutes the judge began to wonder what sort of a defense client and attorney were planning. At the end of twenty minutes a bailiff was sent to knock at the door of the chamber and notify the attorney that the time had elapsed. To the surprise of the judge and his bailiff, as well as to the amusement of the spectators, nobody was to be found except Wat.son. "Where is the prisoner. Mr. Watson?" asked the judge. "I think he is taking your Honor's advice." retorted Watson, "imparted by me. Your Honor asked me to tell him the be.st course to pursue, and it required less than a minute to see the advantages of one that lies in a northwesterly direction up the canvon. The last I saw of him he was following my advice." HISTORICAL 103 William F. White, whose prominence in politics made him a noted fi^inre in California history for many years, has related many incidents and anecdotes in his book entitled "Pioneer Times." The first story in his book has Per Lee, the first .judge of Santa Cruz, Peter Tracy, the first county clerk, and a bright and efficient young attin-ney. believed to have been the late "Bill" Stowe as principal characters. Stowe had a case before Judge Lee. He had prepared it with minute pains, especially his speech for the jury. He had even declaimed it at the seashore. The evidence was all in, and the ambitious Stowe was in the middle of his oration, whereupon the judge interrupted him, saying, "Mr. Stowe. I have an authority wdiich I desire to consult and to which I now invite the attention of the officers of this court and the attorneys in this case in particular." Quietly looking down from the bench he said to the clerk, "Pete, pass up that authority." Peter at once withdrew from under his desk a large demijohn and several glasses. The judge invited the attorneys to come up and consult the authority, telling Mr. Stowe that he knew he must be dry. as he had overexcited both himself and the jury, and telling the other attorney that he needed some sort of con- solation, as it was evident that he was about to lose his case. The treat then became general, and the jurors were invited up to "wet their whistles." Judge Gives Views. After the second roinid of drinks the judge remarked to the jurors, "I believe, boys, you are going to give this case to Stowe." The jurors unanimously agreed that such was their feeling. Turning to ]\Ir. George Crane, attorney for the lost cause, the judge said, "That being the case, George, there is not any need to go further, as that would simply mean loss of time ; besides I see it is dinner-time. Let's have one more appetizer and call it off for the day." Turning to Stowe. he said: "Bill, save the rest of that big speech for some other jury, as it is foolish to waste ammunition on a jury that has already decided the case." Frank Alvinza was then sheriff. He has said that Stowe fur- nished a basket of champagne for the dinner at the hotel. Jurors, attorneys, and the judge were the guests of the victorious attornev. 104 // / N T i) H I C A L Stowe waited for two yt'ars l)efort' he could use tliat spcccli. but wheu he was elected speaker of the assembly of the state lie used it. Auother ^rood story concerning Judge Gaffey's court has to do with the day wheu the last of a series of baseball gauu's was to be played — a game that had created wouderful intei-cst in exci'v household in Watsonviilr. The IloUister and Watsonville baseball clubs were scheduled to play the tinisliiu^- ^anic in a (dosely eon- tested series, but .ludiie (Jatf'ey's couil was tangled up \\itli an important case at the sauu' time. This was an awkwai'd predica- ment. l)ut baseball won. as the result shows. The two clubs were tied in their struggle for tlie i)ennant. and this game meant everything. The good people of Watsonville aban- (b)ned l)usiness and vwvy other l\ind of pleasure except watehing baseball, each one hoping that the home town would succeed. The inexorable recjuirements of the law seemed to thwart the last hopes of jurors and litigants, as the case before Justice Gaffey was being untluly pi-olonged. Finally the testimony was all in. antl Julius Lee was in the midst of a rhapsody, nearing the peroration of his address i)efore the .jui'v. when the huz/.ahs of the multitude were wafted iii1i> the courtroom fi-om tlu' baseball grounds. With those huzzahs came the notes of the village brass band, i)laying some lively music of victory. This made the jury more impatient than ever for freedom. Want to See Game. One of tlie jui'ors. a prominent citizen, took advantage in a rhetorical pause in Mi-. Lee's address, and while the attorney was sipping some water, pr'eparatoi-y to aiu)tlier eX])losion. tliis juroi'. rising calmly, said : "Julius, 1 wisli you would cut her short. I want to see the baseball game and I think all the other boys on the jury are eager to see it. Besides, I've got twenty dollars bet on our boys. You are holdiim the stakes, ain't you. Bill." this last I'enuirk being ad- dressed to the justice. Justice Gatt'ey admitted thai he was stakeholder and suggested tliat, with the consent of the attorneys, the l)ench. the bai-. tlie jurors, litigants, and spectators might .see an afternoon of unalloyed fun. Court was adjourned without further delay. After a careful .study of original documents, old anecdotes, and stories of uncouth coiii-t manners. Mv. Hubert Howe P>aiieroft. the eminent historian, concludes that cf)urts of justice in early Cali- HIST EI C A L 105 foriiia, notwithstanding these laughable yarns and many others re- lated by him. were equal, if not even superior, to those of any other new country or border settlement since the days of Justinian. He says, in part: "Anything that courts of .justice could do anywhere, or under any circumstances, good or bad, ours could achieve; yet I may safely say tliat the .pidges, as a whole, were honest men ; and while frequently neither educated in law nor spe- cially fitted for the positions, they were far above the average mag- istrates in general intelligence and practical judgment. On the supreme bench, and presiding over the district and county courts. particularly in the cities and more thickly jiopulated parts, have been from the first occupation of th(» territory by citizens of the United States until the present day. as abl(» and erudite jurists, broad and enlightened intellects, as might be fouud elsewhere eitlicr in Europe or America." He says that some of the judges were dissipated, but most of them were of sterling honesty. During the lawless times there were sitting on tlu' judicial ])enches of California meu whose purity of life and character was never for a moment questioned. Many incidents of a humorous character and of rare historical value were narrated in the old newspapers. The tiles of these give the student a more detailed idea of the people, a clearer idea of the atmosphere than can be obtained elsewhere. The "California Star," which was published at Yerba Buena, abounds in incidents that reflect the spirit of the courts aud the times. Smoking in Court. Under date of January 9, 1847, the following letter from a crit- ical citizen is of interest at this late day : "Among the many good rules adopted hy our late alcalde, and broken by the present one, is that against smoking in the court- room, and this, too, is practiced almost wholly by the judge and his clerk, who are more than half their time puffing forth clouds of smoke from their long pipes, greatly to the annoyance of all persons having business in court, particularly those who are not in the habit of smoking. I would ask whether it looks very dignified for a judge to be delivering a decision in an important case, with a cigar in his mouth. ])ausing evci-y half-minute in bis adtlress to give a pulf or two." A careful examination of newspapers and correspondence among persons who lived in California at that time will slunv that many crude liabits persisted for many years after 1817. JOG HISTORICAL In his intt'i'i'sliim- voluiiic ciititlrd "Inter I'ociila. "" Mi-. Bancroi't relates tliat the t"olh)wiiiut me Ihar." Judge: "It is not ;i l)ailal)le case. sir. and — " Pi'isoner. interru])! ing : "1 know it is a baihd)b' case: 1 am a lawyei" if 1 am dressed in buckskin. You can't put me in that calaboose, sir." ]\Iagistrate : "Stop, sir! Sto])! You will liave to go to prison if—" Prisoner: "I go to prison? No, sir! And you can't put me in thar." Magistrate: "Yes, sir. We'll see!" Prisoner: "I'll see, and' if you go to put nw in tiuit thai- calaboose 3'ou cain't live in this place. Yes, sir, I know you and you are a rascal — " ^Magistrate: "Be silent, sir! Will you heai- nu'?" Prisoner, in a high fever: "Yes. sir. I'll heai- you: you are no gentleman! V(»u cain't put me in that |)rison : you are a villain. Don't you dare to |)u1 me in that |)rison. 1 never was in prison yet, and if you i)u1 me thar and want to live, you had oeltei- leave this place !" The judge, says Mr. Baiu-i-oft. who was not tit for the eitu'r- gency and who did not lik<' the as])ect of the case, would have set the prisoner free without sending him to jail, had it not been that the citizens and Ihe town conm-il interfered and foi'ced the judge to send the man to the calaboose. Tliere were many odd incidents of this character, not only in country places, but in San Francisco and the larger places. It is said tliat Judge Almoiul. of San Francisco, who had been a peanut vender, succeedecl in a remai"]\ab]e wa\' in his ambition to have a HISTORICAL 107 court of his own. This court had many remarkable features, most of them based on the eccentricities and hard common sense of the judge, the absence of salaries, and the general desire for coin. Judges shared with clerks, constables, sheriffs, and all other officers, due compensation for their fees, which they fixed them- selves. It seems the business of conducting a court was largely a speculation, like running a hotel or a store. The court was con- ducted for the purpose of making money, even when the judgments were based on an honest effort to administer the law right. Of course, the position was valued solely for what it could pay. In order that its decisions might be lawful, certain appointments and elections were necessary. These were obtained as the exigencies of the times demanded. Recurring to Judge Almond, it is related that an attorney once came into his court, courteously removed his large hat, which was worth two or three ounces of gold, and carefully placed it on the tioor in front of the judge's bench. Hat in the Way. The judge, who was for the moment absorbed in the details of the case before him, noticed the hat, but thought it was a new cuspidor, so he used it for that purpose, chewing tobacco freely as he spat. Finally the owner of the hat, seeing its plight, carefully moved it a few inches, thinking that the judge would understand that he had made a mistake and apologize for his blunder. The eye of the judge, however, noted the movement and his puckered lips unerringly sciuirted the juice to the new spot. This exasperated the owner of the hat so much that he approached the bench, cursed the judge, and shook his fist in his honor's face. This demonstration roused Almond to the gravity of the situ- ation and he joined with the spectators in a roar of laughter over the occurrence. Almond's great peculiarity was that he had no use for lawyers and no patience with their speeches and motions. But he was upright, quick, and usually reached his decisions without much hesi- tation. He believed in dispatching business rapidly, and it is said that he could dispose of matters of grave import, cases tliat held other courts for days, Avithin half an hour or an hour. When a little exhausted or vexed, it is said, he had a habit of raising himself on his tiptoes, whereupon he would say, "The court's dry and court's adjourned. Let's all take a drink." ]0S HISTOFICAL It was customai'v tor tliis unirown. an iinpiident and egotistical oflfendiM*. was called from the mayoi'"s dock. "Who are you.'"' demanded the mayor. "The son of a sea cook." was his reply. "What is your name and business?" "I am a sea lawyei-. 1 sliijjpcd before tlie mast as a matter of form, but practiced law in the forecastle during ail the voyage." "Were you recognized l»\ the captain.'"' "Yes. ;it)out as nnu'h as y(Ui are by tlu' people." " Wluit have you to say for yourself.'"" denuinded the mayor. "1 deny your jurisdiction." exclainu'd tlie prisoner, "for your court has no legal existence." "Have you no other defense?" asked his honor. "Yes. I am a friend of Bill Lewis and Billy ^NFulligan." "This nu\n is mad," exclaimed the mayor. "I will send him before the county jndge to see whether he is insane." HISTORICAL 111 "You will find I am not insane." "Silence, sir!" thundered the mayor. Such scenes were frequent in most of the courts. Bumptious persons were in the habit of demanding all sorts of things, pretend- ing to great attainments and ignoring court orders. It is interesting to recall that the illustrious Stephen J. Field Avas an alcalde when a very young man. his jurisdiction being at Marysville. Many humorous stories are told of his experiences. Perhaps his first case gives as good a picture of the times as one might find by searching libraries. The learned jurist who afterward became chief justice of the supreme court of the United States tried his first case while walk- ing along the streets, as he used to tell his friends in Washington. Tried on the Street. "A well-known citizen was riding a horse which he had just bought," said Mr. Justice Field, "and he was confronted by an- other prominent citizen who maintained that the horse was his and had been stolen. Both citizens agreed to leave the decision of the ease to me without the formality of a trial in court. I had just been elected alcalde, duly qualified, and they wanted to give me ni}' first ease. I heard the disputants where they stood and decided in favor of the man afoot. The horse was immediately surrendered and the fee of an ounce of gold at once became mine." A crowd had assembled in the street. After the decision they adjourned to a near-by saloon and all had a drink. It is not said, but is believed, that the young alcalde joined them in this potation. An odd case was reported from Badger Hill. At the request of both prosecution and defense in a case, the contestants agreed to settle their dispute in a fisticuif. the victor in that contest to be the winner of the legal battle. The alcalde removed his coat, waved back the crowd, and commanded, "Gentlemen, get out of the way; stand back. If the gentlemen to this suit want to effect a compromise, it is none of the business of this court." The defend- ant was soon so pummeled by the prosecutor that he was glad to make his peace and pay the costs, several ounces of gold, besides the damages. So many amusing incidents have been told of the courts of old that there is really an embarrassment in the selection of those Avhich should be reproduced. One of the most remarkable stories of the days of gold has to do with a remarkable character who w^as always known as Philosopher Pickett, a name he is said to have 112 HISTORICAL given himselt'. He lived at iSutter's Fort and was an old. positive character who afterwai-d t1;/ured in nianv sti'ikin.i; incidents else- where in the state. He was for a long time a merchant at Sntter's Fort, and there he had occasion to shoot and kill a man. prohaljly in self-defense, or snch was the final opinion of the commnnity. The trial was nnique. The first alcalde of the place, a man of the name Bates, was in duty bound to proceed with the case against Pickett by having him i)laced under arrest, but as Pickett was a man of very (ecentric character and positive views, a good shot and a hard tighter. Bate<^ became alarmed and resigned his office. Whether a threai was ever made by Pickett is not in evidence. Progressive citizens then called on the second alcalde, a man of the name Fowler, anil tiemanded that he put the suspected man under arrest and go forward with the trial, as failure to do so Avould reflect on the community. Fowler was overcome with stage fright and immediately resigned. It was then that there entered upon the stage one Samuel Bran- nan, afterward famous in San Francisco. lie knew not the meaning of the word ''fear." having eliminated the word from his vocal)u- lary early in his youth. Brannan proclaimed that he was not afraid of Philosopher Pickett or the evil one himself, so he called a meeting of the citizens and took steps to have an alcalde elected. Tlu-re was not any great amount of material. Xobt)dy wanted the job. so Brannan finally took it himself. It was soon concluded tiuit oiu' alcalde would be enough for the town, under the circumstances, as the people did not care to tro into the alcalde business in a wholesale way. Prosecutor is Chosen. The next puz/.ling ])rol)lem was to elect a pi-oseeuting attorney, but there was a dearth of candidates. Xol)od\- wanted tliat .iob. as every person nominated declined and suggested tlie name of an- other who in turn resigned. This so disgusted Brannan that he declared himself willing to accept that office also. He was enthu.siastically elected thereto. A sheriff was then elected, the philosopher was made a prisoner, the jury was impaneled, and the trial was soon under way. When Pickett was brought into coiu-t liiMiman asked him to be kind enough to disarm, as \\r was in no danger. So he deposited HISTORICAL 113 his revolvers and bowie-knives on the table in front of the alcalde's bench. Close to the weapons there was an ample supply of brandy, in a pitcher, also a pitcher of water. As the trial proceeded the goodly sized pitcher of brandy disappeared pretty fast, but it w^as noticed that there was almost as much water as at the outset. Judge, witnesses, prisoner, jurors, and attorneys drank freely. One of the perplexing questions discussed by his honor and the attorneys was this: When a man is being tried for murder in a courtroom, regularly constituted, is it proper for gentlemen to smoke in the room? As everybody present was eager to smoke, there was not much delay in making the wish father to the decision. Precedent was easily discovered. The overpowering influence of precedent was seen in the custom of Californian women, who were accustomed to smoke at bull-fights, executions, and funerals. In summing up the case, Brannan said: "As it is agreed that it is perfectly proper for women to smoke at executions, of course the men may properly smoke during a trial that might or might not lead to an execution. Let the smoking proceed unconfined. " And everybody and his neighbor relit his pipe. As the trial proceeded, equity, in its ])roadest form, was sought, and the technicalities of the law itself were shunned. The alcalde announced, however, that it would not be right to proceed without some attention to formalities. Judge and Prosecutor. After a time the judge began to argue for the prosecution. The prisoner at the bar was guilty and should be punished, even hanged. "Hold on, Brannan!" said Philosopher Pickett. "You are the judge; you should not prosecute me." "Yes, I know I am the judge," exclaimed Brannan, "but I am also the legally chosen prosecuting attorney." Without further parleying, Brannan, in his capacity as prose- cuting attorney, began to address himself as alcalde, directing his remarks also to the jury. At the conclusion of Brannan 's address Pickett arose, took a good horn of brandy, and delivered a strong, eloquent, and convinc- ing speech, being a man of rare endowments, despite his erratic conduct at times. ]14 HISTORICAL The trial lasted until pretty late in the niprht: the jury dis- persed, for in those days it was not the custom to eonfine jurors while deliberating on a ease. The (juestion arose as to what disposition to make of the de- fendant. It was sutrirested that he be confined. l)ut there was no place in which to contine him. "Then put him in irons." said the alcalde, hut it is not believed that the remark was serious. "We've got neither irons nor prison." said the sheritf. The alcalde then called the ayes and nays as to whether the prisoner be admitted to bail. The ayes won. whereupon the pris- oner was permitted to gather up liis weapons and depart for his own home. The next day the jury was called together, but it disagreed. A new trial was soon called and Philosopher Pickett was set free. Another incident illustrating how justice was administered in early times arose in San Diego, where a murder trial was under way. A negro was tried for killing an Indian, and the jury was composed almost entirely of Americans. They found the prisoner guilty of manslaughter. lender the law. their duties ended with this verdict, for they were without power to name the punishment. As there was no tribunal at hand to mete out the punishment, it was decided that the prisoner be given one hundred lashes and one year at hard labor with ball and chain. In this way the ideas of jurors, in those crude days, were carried out. the jurors using their common sense, regardless of constitutional authority. They strove to deal such punislnnent as they thought tit for tlu^ crime. Miners are Ambitious. It is related that the Stanislaus miners, eager to keep up with other localities in the matter of punishment, and desiring to have what might seem the semblance of courts, elected one of their members a justice of the peace. After this tril)unal was established, it was soon visited by a blustering traveler who said he was a lawyer. He had much fuss and feathers in his make-up. and this offended the miners and their justice. This lawyer hinted that the tribunal's head did not have the intelligence and knowledge of law to enalile it to deal out justice. The justice replied in terms that were severe, also profane. The lawyer then said that the tribunal was taking advantage of its position to insult liim. and that if his lionor would take H I S T F I C A L. 115 ten steps from the hench he would come face to face with well- merited chastisement. Now, it so happened that the head of the court was in his element at the four-fisted game, so the invitation was accepted with- out delay. "If you Avill come out," said the lawyer, "I shall take pleasure in giving- you a good beating for your impudence." The justice at once rose coolly from the bench, met his chal- lenger at the appointed place, tweaking the lawyer's nose as a teaser as he passed that individual, and then drubbing him in the yard until he was satisfied to return to the court and finish the case. That was the only time that the traveling lawyer ever at- tempted to reflect on the intelligence of a tribunal in a miners' town. It is related that two miners — Timothy Loker and Amber John — had a dispute that was to be settled in the court of George Kelsey, in Washington, California. Kelsey was a raw-boned Missourian and an honest alcalde. The friends of the disputants persuaded them that miners' jus- tice should be good enough, and that the alcalde in the round tent should not try the case ; so it was thought that the only way to settle the dispute was to burn powder over it, one to defend, the other to attack, the mine in dispute. Dignity Trampled upon. The news of the contemplated rifie settlement reached the alcalde, along with some reflections on his ability. Kelsey felt that his dignity was trampled upon. He called the litigants before him and addressed them after this fashion : "Now here, boys, you Tim and John, just a word from the court before you go out to settle your fight; and I want to say that you can take your troubles to any mills you want to, to be ground out to suit yourselves, but you have put me in here and have appeared before me. Now, John, I'm going to pull off my coat and give you a sound thrashing before you go out to settle that case out of my court, for you've insulted me. I'm a big- hearted fellow that's been elected because I'm square; I'm no trickster and don't know no law, but as long as I'm alcalde here I'm going to deal out that kind of justice that suits me, and if it don't suit you, then you go and elect another man, but I'm insulted and the court must hold up for herself. Get ready for your medicine." j16 HISTOKICAL Just at this moment somebody put a quantity of whisky on the table and everybody drank freely, after which the case was amicably continued without the punishment threatened by the alcalde. Good words finally took the place of blows, and the plain- tiff won his case. Old-time lawyers often tell of a dis«rraceful court row that occurred at ^larysville in 1850. Cruel words, fines, arrests, tlireats, and other unseemly conduct characterized the feud. Knives were brandished and weapons were drawn by judtres seated on their benches in open court. The mob finally took the matter in hand, marched from the court of one .justice to another, amid cheers and groans, carryinir pistols. Finally the mob dispersed, the matter was settled, and nobody was hurt. This recalls the fact that it was connnon in the early days for judges and lawyers to become involved in l)itter disputes, call one another liars, carry revolvers, and shake their fists at one another. So far as this goes, similar procedures have characterized some of the bitterly tried graft cases in San Francisco in recent years. One of the noted cases was that of Laura D. Fair, tried for murder in the killing of a prominent citizen. The feature of that case was the presence of a large number of demonstrative women, who applauded and otherwise made a disturbance to .show their sympathy with the defendant. The judge found it necessary to fine a number of women for this offense. Women are Fined. Among these wonit-n were Emily Pitt Stevens and a Mrs. Booth, both prominent in San Francisco history. The feature of the case was that as fast as the judge would fine a woman the defendant would thank him and say, "I'll pay that fine." An unusual dia- logue here followed. The judge assessed a fine of twenty-five dollars against each one. "I'll pay the fines," said the defendant. "You'll have to draw heavily on your purse to pay all these fines." said the judge. "Oh. I've got it." retorted Miss Fair, adding, "I do not think, your Honor, that these ladies understood the law." "Oh. they'll understand it better now." replied the judge. It is said that in Nevada City, in 18.12. there lived a man known as Uncle Zeke, whose other name was never known until he was elected to the office of justice of the peace. H 1ST Pi I a A L 117 During' the trial of a man for stealing a horse it became known that the justice's name was Ezekiel Dougherty. "I don't see what you want of any witnesses," exclaimed the rude old Uncle Zeke, addressing the defendant's attorney. "May it please your Honor," said the attorney for the pris- oner, "the object of the testimony- I propose to offer is to prove the good character of the accused." "What in hell's the use to prove his good character when he's already proved to be a horse thief?" roared the justice. The attorney argued that the theft had not been proved and that it was a presumption of law, a presumption always existing, that a man is supposed to be innocent until proved guilty. "Speaking of presumptions," said the impatient Uncle Zeke, "it is also a presumption of law that a justice of the peace is not bottomed with cast-iron. You may go on with your speech, but I'm goin' out for my toddy right noM'." It has been remarked that these were the times when justice and juleps were often administered by the same hand. Irate Judge Resigns. One of the odd cases of California came before Justice Gordon, of Yolo County. One John C. Murphy stole Gordon's horse, where- upon the magistrate sent the constable for the prisoner and pro- ceeded to try him forthwith. There were no delays in the trial, for the justice was in earnest, so the prisoner was sentenced to be hanged that afternoon. It was with great difficulty and by an appeal to his sense of fairness that the sentence was not carried out ; but finally the old fellow was persuaded to send the case to another magistrate, on the ground that he should not act as witness, complainant, judge, and jur.y. In the other court the defendant was set free. This so angered Gordon that he forthwith resigned, swearing that he would never again act as judge in a court where he could not deal out genuine justice. It is said that a magistrate of the name Springer, in Eldorado County, believed he had a right to grant divorces, so he divorced a couple one afternoon in order that the woman might permit him to perform the ceremony that united her to another man that night. It was a practice in the early courts to charge up costs and collect them on the spot. "Settle up now and get the lowest prices possible," was the motto, and gold-dust was plentiful in the courts. 118 HISTORICAL One alcalde sentenced a prisoner to pay three ounces of gold, receive forty lashes on his l)are back, and pay the costs of the suit, all for insultintr the court. Similar sentences were far from infrequent. One of the remarkable early justices of Califoruia was John W. Champ, of the town of Washington. He lived among and well knew the oystermen of the beach, where the j)opulation was very much opposed to the technicalities of law. He was himself a mus- cular man. sixty-five years of age.- but Avell preserved and able to take care of himself in a physical encounter. Champ was very fond of rye whi.sky. was a good "mixer," and, in his rough manner, he united considerable wisdom with a desire to do justice, even though his methods were crude. Being from Vermont, however, he had the cunning of the New Englander and was frequently able to extricate himself from difficult situations. It Avas common for constables and others about town to meet, when whittling and loafing, and their eonversation would run some- what as follows : "Old Champ has ju.st got in a new lot of good whi.sky. boys. Let's go up to court and try it." Sample Judge's Whisky. "That suits me." one of the others would say. and they would approach the judge's quarters, where all would drink their fill. "Order in court!" the judge would exclaim of a suddenness, directing the constable to cry at the door. One of the remarkable cases of the early days in Champ's court was against a man of the name Bowman, who was believed to have been a menace to the oystermen a thief, and a trickster. They called him a pirate, and the people did not want him. He was called into court one time by the constable, who tapped him on the shoulder, saying. "Old Champ wants to see you." Bowman had no idea he was being summoned by legal process, so visions of a good drink and a friendly visit filled his mind. "Well, what have you got to say for yourself?" demanded the judge. "Nothing much. Judge, except that I'm awful dry. Pass out some of the juice." "Whisky!" exclaimed the judge, apparently angered at the familiarity. "What have you been doing, you scoundrel? An- swer, sir ! " "What do you mean. Judge, a joke?" HISTORICAL 119 "Guilty or not guilt}', sir?" roared the judge. ' ' This is pretty rich. Judge. Not guilty. Ha ! Ha ! You always were a pretty good joker, Champ; but say. Judge, I'm drier 'n a codfish. Pass her out." "Say, look here, I'll codfish you! Don't you know you're a sittin' on trial?" "No, I didn't know I was arrested. Who arrested me; what am I held for?" "Why, you big lubber, the constable — Dutch Charley. Didn't you show him that there paper, Dutch?" ■ "Yes. I did, Judge." "That's a damned lie; I haven't see any paper," exclaimed Bowman. "Order here! Order here!" exclaimed the judge, adding, "Say, Dutch, give him -that there paper, and tell him he 's arrested in the name of the United States." The paper was handed to Bowman. It ran as follows: "You are hereby commanded to leave the bay within twenty- fiive hours or receive twenty-five lashes, and may the Lord have mercy on your soul. John W. Champ, justice of the peace." Bowman protested, exclaiming that this seemed to be more like a Vigilance Committee notice than anything else. He wanted to know what crime he was accused of, who had accused him, etc. The judge exclaimed, "Why, man, you are accused of every- thing by everybody- on the bench — but particularly you stole old man Russell's money, and you're a pirate and a red-rover." "I'd like to know my accuser, would like to meet the witnesses, and have a fair trial." "Now, look here; we don't want no witnesses in this here little matter. You know damned well what you stole, without any wit- nesses tellin' you. As for who brought the charge, I brought it myself, you scoundrel — and I know just what you've got to do, and that's the end of the whole business." With this explanation the judge exclaimed, "Court's adjourned." Bowman was forthwith taken to a vessel that lay in waiting and was shipped to Astoria, with a warning never to return. Thus ended what is known as the famous Shoal Water Bay case. Many humorous stories are told of Judge Rogers, who was a jurist in San Jose in the early daj^s. He could not speak Spanish, though there were many Spanish cases before him. Once it became necessary to sentence a Mexican horse-thief to be hanged. There was some difficulty in communicating the judg- 120 HISTORICAL ment of the court to tlu> prisoner. Tlic clerk of tlic eourt was thor- ouirhly versed in the Si);uiish huitruaii-e. so lie was asked to tell the prisoner what the sentence of the court was. As he was a man of exceedingly nervous temperament, he demurred and almost had a chill when asked to communicate so gloomy a message. The judge then undertook to tell the prisoner the outcome of the trial. He used pantomimie in(4lio(ls. first ordering the prisoner to stand uj) for sentence. "You have been tried, damn you." exclaimed the judge; "j'ou have been found guilty, savvy.' Say. Mr. Clerk, what's the Span- ish of this? Well, you catch the end — finis, finite." Seeing doubt in the mind of the prisoner, the judge pulled out his handkerchief, twisted it around his neck, and imitated a man being choked. Mexican Understands. The ^Mexican's face lit up. He understood and would meet the situation with fortitude, so he repeated the gurgling sounds of a strangling man. as if to reas.siire himself that he understood. "Yes." he finally said. "I catch fin'ish. eh.' That's nothing. Thank you." "There will be no fee — you are welcome," said the judge. A number of interesting stories are told of the way business was dispatched by the early judges. The nisi prius courts of the early years had their own way of transacting business, celerity sometimes being the rule, especially among judges who rode the circuits. The late A. P. Crittenden had many stories at his tongue's end. One of them gives a picture of the way Judge E. W. ^McKinstry dispatched business M'hen he rode the circuit. ]\lr. Crittenden had oeeasion to visit Santa Rosa, wliei'e he tried a case before ]\IeKinstry. in 18,")."). during tlie first day of the district court. The Honorable E. \V. McKinslry dispatehed business in that court with uni(|ue promptiu'ss. It seems that tlie houi' i'i»r the con- vening of court was 10 o'clock. On the day in (piestion a large number of attorneys, witnesses, and litigants had gathered. Judge McKinstry arrived fi-oni an adjoining count \\ traveling on horse- back. He promptly dismounted and hastily scanned the calendar. He looked over some twenty-five complaints, consuniint:- fifteen or twenty minutes in silence. He then said : "Gentlemen, please take note of the time. There is a clock on the wall. o|)posit(^ the liench. Now. these complaints seem to HISTORIC AL 121 be regular on their face, therefore not subject to dilatory proceed- ings, demurrers, and motions. Attorneys will be allowed five min- utes by this clock in which to withdraw motions and demurrers. In the event that attacks prevail, the costs will be assessed to the losing party, the plaintiffs; but if the motions and demurrers are lost, there will be a twenty dollar cost assessed to the person making the move that loses." A wonderful hustling among the attorneys followed, and in less than the five minutes dilatory motions and demurrers began to be withdrawn in great haste, as the court had asked dispatch and the fine helped to make good the request. Delays not Favored. Every case was soon down for regular trial and dilatory motions were unpopular during the entire session. Had dilatory motions prevailed, as in some other courts, there would have been a dela}^ of not less than three months, as sessions were delayed until the next regular term. An odd story is tokl of the way a court injunction became operative in a remarkable ranch ease in Bodega, Sonoma County. It appears that the district court had prohibited a large number of persons from cutting timber from the property of one Jasper O'Farrell. The injunction seemed like an infringement of rights, so the neighborhood lu4(l a mass meet- ing and recorded its protests. Several hundred settlers were pres- ent, led by a noisy chairman. The common sentiment was that air, water, land, and timber should be absolutely free. They deter- mined to use force, if necessary, to prevent the injunction from becoming effective. It so fell that shortly after this meeting the chairman of the anti-injunction movement was arrested for horse-stealing, a crime held in greater contempt than murder. As soon as it became pretty generally known that the evidence was pretty strong against their leader, the movement died a natural death. The accused man was driven from the country, the settlers disbanded, and the injunction became effective. Throughout this narrative of early courts and their })roceedings there have been numerous references to cases where prisoners paid the death penalty for grand larceny, robbery, and similar offenses, but particularly for horse-stealing, cattle-stealing, and like oft'enses. In most of these cases the sentences were without reference to any statutory law, being the work of vigilantes. It should not be inferred, however, that all this death-dealing work was without the 122 HI STOEI C A L sanction of statutory law. for tliere was a statute permitting' the death penalty. It was in force for some years. The same miners, woodsmen, and pioneers who believed in the death penalty made the law sanctioning it; or it was their sentiment tliat made the law possible. It must be realized that the antipatliy to tliicvery was very great among the old-time settlers. Early Law Severe. The early law provided (1851) that any person found guilty of grand larceny miglit be punished by imprisonment in the state penitentiary for from one to ten years, or by death, as the jury might decide. In tlie case of a man named Tanner, who appealed to the supreme court, that body upheld the law. sentenced him to death, but at the same time criticised the statute as unreasonable. It said tliat it regretted that tlie legislature had considered it neces- sary to retrograde and make the death penalty applicable to such cases, but it must construe the law. not repeal it. It thought the experience and wisdom of later years liad nuule such severity un- necessary, but it was not making, only construing, the law. It seems that the (piestion of the invalidity and unconstitu- tionality of the law was not discussed. In a number of cases, how- ever, the highest tribunal was asked to pass on the question of the right of a man to escape the death penalty. At Marysville, in April. 1852. a man of the name George Tanner was tried in the quarter sessions for grand larceny. He had stolen 1.500 pounds of flour, a (juantity of potatoes, a few barrels of meal, a keg of powder, and some other staples. The entire property taken was valued at $400. During the impaneling of the jury one of those under exam- ination objected to the law. saying he could not conscientiously vote to hang a man for stealing. The district attorney challenged the man on the ground that he was not a proper citizen for jury duty, and his challenge was sustained. After the court excused the juror, an exception to tlic i-uling was taken, the jury was chosen, and a verdict of guilt.w with tlu' (h-ath penalty as the piuiishnitMit. was found. The prisoner was promptly sentenced to l)e hanged, wliereupon his attorneys appealed the case to tlie district court, which con- firmed the judgment. An appeal was then taken to the supreme court. The case was there heard and thorougidy argued before the highest tribunal in the land. General "William Walki-r. who became famous in latei" years, participated in the argument. The HISTORICAL 123 supreme court found, reluctantly, that it had to confirm the judg- ment of death. In spite of a petition for rehearing, the sheriff of Yuba County was ordered to carry out the sentence of the court, and on the twenty-first day of July the prisoner was executed. It is curious to recall the fact that while the old criminal law did not permit a man to be imprisoned for grand larceny for a period longer than ten years, yet it authorized the jury to decree that he might be put to death on the scaffold. The leeway from ten years to death was pretty liberal, yet there were many cases in which the death penalty was decided upon by juries. Three Were Hanged. Mr. George Congdon, of San Francisco, says he was once present at Stockton, where more than three thousand persons had assembled to see three men hanged at one time for stealing cattle. This was in the year 1852. The hanging was not by a mob. but the men had been regularly indicted and tried in a lawfully con- stituted court of justice. Colonel R. P. Ashe, father of Porter Ashe, afterward a state senator, was sheriff of the county, and as such had charge of the execution. The law of the state which prescribed the deatli penalt.v for both grand larceny and robbery was passed in 1851. The punish- ment was from one to ten years in prison, or death. The second session of 1851 was that at which the law was passed. Governor •John ]\IcDougal signed the bill, and it remained the law of the state until April, 1856, at which time it was amended. The juries were authorized to make a distinction between the crimes of robbery and grand larceny, so that robbery was punish- able by imprisonment for not less than one year, but grand larceny was made punishable by fourteen years' imprisonment, the court in all instances, and not the jury, being the sole judge as to the length of the term. The Know Nothing legislature of 1856 was the father of this law. which was approved b.y Governor J. Neely John- son, the Know-Nothing governor. The degree of penalty for grand larceny was for many years the same as prescribed by the statute of 1851. In recent years a number of journalists and others have agitated the death penalty for burglars, highwaymen, footpads, and other criminals of that character. On the other hand, a number of sentimental women and others have been trying to repeal all 124 HISTORICAL death penalties, on the jrronntl that life should not be taken be- cause it is too sacred. Against this arLTUiiicnt it lias been a])ly held that life has often been appraised too highly, and that it is sacred only when made sacred by the person enjoying it. It is said that the British Colonies, with a population of ■45.000.000. record only 500 murders a year, while the United States, with 90.000.000 population, instead of having the 1.000 murders that should preserve the proportion, has 12.000 annually. Hanging Stops Crime. The significant fact is shown that the Britisli system })uts eighty- five per cent of the murderers to death, while in the United States less than one per cent pay the penalty of their crimes with their lives. England hangs its Dr. C'rippens within three weeks after they are arrested for wife murder, even though they be American citizens; the United States preserves the Porter Charltons. after they have murdered their wives and buried them in trunks in Lake Como. Italy, covering them so thickly with red-tape that the executioner's blade never finds their necks. It is facts like thc^se that recall the old law that whoever sheds num's blood. 1)\- man shall his lilood be .shed. It should be saiil that at the time of the death i)enalty for robbery in California, society was not thoroughly organized, and .stern measures for protection were needed. There were not many courts, jails, and penitentiaries. The spectacle of justice as a ter- rible avenging angel was doubtless a strong deterrent influence. John G. Jury has well said that men of widely divergent types were huddled into California in the early days. The outca.st from a foreign land, the professional criminal, might occupy the same room or eat at the same table with a young man from a refined home in the east. Great and unexpected tragedies sometimes resulted and society was swift in punishing the culprit, regardless of refine- ments and technicalities. They would have enjoyed the story of the lawyer who started tf> present twelve reasons why his client slionld not be required to obey an order of court. The lawyer was tech- nical, so he proceeded to argue astutel.\-. beginning mildly, prepara- tory to his strongest reason. "There are eleven reasons leading up to the strongest one for his nonappearance." said the lawyer. "Cut out the eleven reasons leading u[) to the strongest one." said the judge, "and give us the twelfth." HISTORICAL 125 "The twelfth reason is that he is dead." said the lawyer. "Make it the first reason, strike out all the others, and excuse the defendant," said the judge. The old lawyers were simple in their methods with the pioneer justices, who knew little law but were long on common sense. Mr. John G. Jury has written an interesting account of the application of lynch law in California, particularly in some of the more exasperating forms of that remedy. One of the remarkable cases occurred in January, 18-49, when several men were put to death at what was then known as Hangtown, now Placerville. Five Robbers Caught. Five men had been caught in the attempt to commit larceny and robber}'. If their past record had not bobbed up to confront them, it is probable that they would have lived through their punishment, but the ghost of the past was their undoing. At that time feeling ran very high against thievery in general, and particularly against grand larceny. In fact, the killing of a human being, if there were the slightest semblance of a quarrel, and except in eases of premeditated, cold-blooded murder, was not regarded as so serious as the stealing of horses, cattle, and pro- visions. At the time in question there was no court in the town, hence a provisional judge and jury were called into being without delay. Proceedings were apparently conducted with considerable delibera- tion and in a fairly orderly manner, the })urpose being to follow as closely as the citizens could rememl)er in the path of regularly constituted courts. Finally a sentence was duly rendered that the prisoners be given thirty-nine lashes each. The community seemed satisfied, and the prisoners would undoubtedly have escaped with this punishment had it not been for the fact that about that time three or four other charges were presented against three of the men, who were charged with having committed robl)ery and attemjiting to commit murder on the Stanislaus River during the previous autumn. This discovery infiamed the community. It was thought un- necessary to go to the trouble and expense of sending the prisoners to Stanislaus County, so a new procedure was held. All miners in the town, some two hundred in number, were called as a jury. They heard the evidence and at once sentenced all the unhappy prisoners to be hanged. 126 lUSTOmCAL TluTo was only one man in tlu' entire assembly that protested against the death sentence, maintaining that the proeeedintrs were irregular, as a trial had already settled the matter. So bitter was the feeling that the protestant was warned that lie, too. would be put to death if he did not desist from his objections. The prisoners were taken out forthwith and put to death. Would Hang Defender. Lieutenant E. Ci. 13utt'um was the man whose voice was lifted in l)ehalf of the doomed men. The attitude of the miners toward liim was prompted l)y impatience and the desire to rid their com- munity of men with bad records. They thought they had given the prisoners as fair a trial as could be arranged under the cir- cuuLstances. and after its culmination they were impatient of all obstacles that stood in their way. Mr. Jury concludes that, although the punishment devised for the prisoners Avas merciless and swift, yet the surroiuidings and attempts to follow legal forms show that it was the beginning of orderly proceedings, rather tliaii llic origin of chaos. The regard for law was evidenced in the adherence, imperfect and pre.puliced though it was. to those forms and methods of procedure with whicli the citizens were already more or less familiar. One of the other remarkable cases of the olden times was that which occurred at Ford's Bar, in the year 18-1:9. Ford's Bar was on the middle fork of the American River. By the spring of that year it had acquired the unenviable reputation of being one of the worst places in California and absolutely the toughest town on the river. A drunken row liad taken place l)etween two residents of that l)lace. and one of the participants in tlie melee was struck with a crowbar, the blow being so vicious that the miner was knocked into the river, whereupon the other followed and the two fought madly in the water and were almost drowned. Of course each had friends and a general combat was nai'i-owly averted between the friends of the men. If such a row had started the camp Avould have been half depopulated. Cooler counsel and good judgment finally prevailed, and it was decided to take steps to pi-event such scenes in the future. After the matter was settled the miners began to realize that their own safety and reputation demanded some general under- standing in the community. They wanted to i)revent llie recur- rence of similar scenes. HISTORICAL 127 A few simple rules were adopted to insure peace and quiet in the camp. Under the simple rules thus provided it was set forth that certain offenses thereafter occurring be heard by a jury of three persons. Soon thereafter an odd ease arose, one that tested the juridical knowledge and skill of the improvised court. A tinker and his neighbor had a fight and the tinker was ar- rested for attacking his neighbor with a bottle. The man whom he struck drew a knife and defended himself by inflicting several wounds on the tinker. Both men were arrested and brought before Alcalde Graham, who was the leading spirit in matters judicial in the camp! Tinker Goes Free. It is amusing to read that the tinker, although the aggressor in the fight, was acquitted because there was no specific law against using a bottle as a weapon. That judge might have become a mas- ter of red-tape in later times. His antagonist was found guilty of unlawfully drawing a knife, because that offense was held to have been expressly legislated upon by the community's judiciarj' com- mittee. The decision of the alcalde met with much opposition and was far from popular in the camp, for such refinements as those he drew were unpopular. Another ease worth noticing is that of one John Smith, who became involved in a quarrel with the proprietress of a saloon, during which he was fatally shot by the woman's husband. Means were taken to carry out the lynch law proceedings in this case, which took place at Columbia, in Tuolumne County, October 10, 1855. The evidence showed that the husband of the woman, who had suddenly come from another place into the bar-room, saw the fight. Believing his wife to l)e in peril, the husband. John Barclay, fired the shot that killed Smith. James W. Coftroth, a popular man in the camp, and recently elected to the state Senate, had been a great friend of Smith's, so his rage knew no bounds when he realized what had happened. He demanded the application forthwith of the lex talionis. He at once organized and dominated the movement that demanded the blood of the slaj-er. Coffroth insisted that vengeance be meted out to Barclay with- out delay. He stirred his fellow-citizens to a frenzy of wrath by making a speech extolling the virtues of his dead friend and de- nouncing his slayer. But he insisted that nothing should be done 328 II I ST () III (' A I. •without the formality of a trial, ami then' was some pretense of fairness, althougrh nobody seems to have been in the proper frame of minil to irive the accused man a fair hearin«r. Barclay was in jail already, but that place was surrounded by a laro:e mob. The ,iud«re. marshal, and so-called jury of fair persons were called into attendance. The iron doors of the bastile were forced open and the prisoner, who had hoped to make his escape through the crowd, was seized and carried away while the mob yelled for his life. Coffroth appeared at the so-called trial as jiroseeutor. A man of the name John Oxley was defendant's attorney. He was a man of .strong character and noble impulses, but he had no chance to do much on that occasion. Life is Taken, Tile old law tliat demands an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth, also a life for a life, was invoked, also the (quotation that he who .sheds man's blood shall suffer death at the hands of man. Despite the protests of Oxley and his appeals to the crowd, with the prophecy that their course would bring disgrace on the community. Barclay was found guilty and told to make hasty prep- arations to meet his (Jod. He was told tliat lie must die at the rope's end without delay, and his appeals to his neighbors were in vain. Sheriff J. M. Stewart tried in vain to rescue the pris- oner, but he was driven back by the crowd, and tlic unfortunate man was taken out and hanged witliout delay. So eager was the crowd for his life that the prisoner was swung up witliout the customary pinioning of his hands, so that he struggled frightfully and tried to save his neck with his hands. One of the most remarkable and disgraceful cases of these times was the hanging of a Mexican woman, despite the pleas of noble men who insisted that this procedure was an outrage. At Downieville, on July 5. 1851. a ^Mexican woman known as Juanita was hanged for stabbing a popular Scotsman to death, although the evidence s)?emed to prove that he had insulted her. also that at the time of the homicide he was exhibiting violence. following up threats and misconduct of the night before. In vol- ume HI. page 307. of his History of California. Hittell gives an interesting account of this case, one of the most disuraeefnl in the history of the state. According to his account, the ([uan-el that resulted in the killing was the sequel of a Fourth of July celebration. John B. HISTORICAL 129 Weller, Avho afterward became governor of the state, was billed to deliver an address. A large crowd had congregated to hear him, the settlers and miners having gathered from a large area in the immediate neighborhood. Toward evening, and after the main exercises of the day were over, the crowd became pretty drunk, and when darkness came upon it a large number of merrymakers started through the streets, howding and beating on houses like a band of savages. The}' had little regard what they did or where they did it. Woman's Home Attacked. The home of the Mexican woman known as Juanita, where a countryman of hers lived — the woman conducting a monte table — was one of the places where the human storm seemed to reach its climax. The place was attacked with reckless abandon and great hilarity. One Jack Cannon, a Scotsman of powerful physique, seems to have been acquainted with the woman, or such was the im- pression given. He made a great deal of noise and disturbance. The next morning he visited the place and it w^as reported that the purpose of his visit was to apologize for his conduct and pay for any damage done by him the night before. If such was the pur- pose of his visit he was not diplomatic. He possibly blustered, after the manner of certain wild and woolly western men, and the flame that flickered w^hen he arrived became a good-sized conflagra- tion in a moment. According to the evidence of a number of wit- nesses, it seems improbable that Cannon was bent on a peaceful visit. But whatever may have been the object of the visitor, nego- tiations had not proceeded far before he called the woman a vile name, seeming to seek trouble rather than reconciliation. The woman suddenly disappeared, leaving the noisy visitor talking with her friend. On her return she held one hand under her apron, or behind her. The evidence was not clear. Suddenly she dashed forward with great celerity and plunged a dagger to the heart of the burl}' Scotsman, who fell dead at her feet. Swiftly the news of the homicide spread throughout the camp, and a large crowed was soon gathered. They were still under the effects of the dissipation of the day before, and their excitement led them in a direction that demanded vengeance for the deed of the woman, particularly as Cannon had been known as a jolly good fellow. 130 II I STOlx'ICAL Tho woman Hed Iroiii lier liome and tried to gain protection at the saloon of one Crayeroft. but her appeals were useless. She liad unloosed the fury t)f the savage aiul must pay llu' jx'nalty. The body of Cannon was exposed in a tent near by and this served to intiame the passions of his old friends, just as the body of an Indian brave, exposed to his people, inflames the fury of tile red man to insane jiassion. Woman is Seized. In si)ite of all i)r(>tests. the erowtl soon seized the wc)man and carried her to the stand where the previous patriotic exercises had been carried on. There was a pretense of going- through the fonnality of a trial. A so-called judge and jury were summoned without delay, the attorney for the i)eople was chosen, and the formality of appoint- ing an attorney to defend the woman was carried out. in order that the proceedings might look like a scpiare deal. There was not much for the attorney for the jirosecutioii to do. because judge, jury, and witnesses were oidy too eager to reach the decree that meant the death of the woman. But the attorney for the defense had a ditificult problem before him. He was treated harshly and could do little for his cause. He did not try to justify' the killing, for that would have iuManu'd the ci-owd. He argued that the hanging of a woman woidd be a disgrace, and his argu- ments to that end were so forcibly put that some of the leaders of the mob felt that his remarks reflected on tlu'ir honor, so they kicked over the barrel on which he stood pleadiiii:. His hat and spectacles flew off and it was with dit'liculty that iw escaped man- handling. A Dr. Aiken then interceded, tt'stii'ying that the woman was about to become a mother and that the enonnity of the lianging under contemplation would be doubly great, involving the murder of an innocent child. Other doctors Avere called in and they denied this statement, wherenixm tlu' nn)b jeered the fii'st doctoi- and howled for the woman's life. Even without the opinion of tlio other doctors, there is littb' doubt that nothing couhl have saved the woman from the fni-y of the mob. It was not tlu' viclini's day in coui't. foi- the ci-owd would suffer no opitosition to the bloody plans already arranged. The end devoutly to ])e wished l)y that rude jury soon came. After a very slu)rt ])arley. which could not i)e called deliberation, the jury returned a verdict of guilty. ^Vithont a iiionn-nt 's delay HI ISTORICAL 131 the judge thus chosen sentenced the woman to be hanged forth- with. The unfortunate victim of this frenzy of violence was al- lowed only one hour in which to prepare for her death, and ar- rangements were made without delay to hang her in sight of the multitude. The scaffold was improvised by placing some planks in such a way that they would project over the bridge, being lashed with ropes to the timbers of the structure, the rope running to the upper part of the bridge. Sharp on the minute set for the hanging the woman was forced to march to the place of execution and steadied as she walked onto the plank. The rope was placed securely around her neck, the victim herself lifted her back hair from around her neck so that the noose could be adjusted snugly against the tiesh while several thousand bloodthirsty spectators witnessed the scene. She took otf her hat and handed it to some of her friends, bidding them good-bye as she did so. She then felt the rope beneath her long black hair, as if to make certain that it was thick enough and securely tied so as to prevent any blunder in the swift work of the moment. Then a white handkerchief was fastened over her face ; her hands were securely pinioned behind her ; and two naen, each with an ax, stepped behind her, ready to cut the lashings and knock the platform from beneath her, so she might have a clear drop of four feet, with a jolt sutficient to break her neck. A pistol shot was the signal that had been agreed upon for the simultaneous coming down of the two axes. Crash went the pistol, the two axes struck the ropes simultaneously, and the body of the Spanish Juanita swung lifelessly over the bridge. No case of lynching in California ever caused so much bitter criticism at home and abroad. From that date forward the organ- ized forces of society took aggressive steps to see that the law was administered without undue process or mob violence. Weakness of Lynch Law. This ease was a revelation of the fundamental weakness of lynch-law proceedings, showing that haste, the absence of delibera- tion, and the yielding to unbridled passions made savages of white men, dulled every sense of ])ity and humanity', and made nu^bs as furious as packs of hungry wolves. The hanging of this woman was the greatest of all obstacles to the abolition of regular court procedure, proving an argument in favor of the systematic pro- cesses of the courts. 332 IIISTOIUCAL 'Slv. Jury concedes the honesty of purpose of those who took the law into their own hands, and admits that the technicalities and delays of modern procedure are responsible for mu^h of the distrust with the law to-day as they were, at times, in the early days : but the absence of courts was the fundamental weakness of tlie times, f^ven tlie faults of some of the pioneers illustrate the zeal which they put into their lives. One of the most remarkable murder cases of early days oc- curred in Santa Clara County, when ^Irs. Fieldiufr Wills, a young rancher's wife, cruelly slain — reason never known — by a Spaniard who was afterward slain by his neighbor, who believed he had a right to end such a life without the formality of a trial. The woman and her husband lived on the side of a mountain some five miles east of San Jose. The husband, on his return home on ^larch 6. 1854. after a day spent in San Jose, where he had er- rands to attend to and purchases to make, discovered that his wife had been stabbed to death, and the corpse was sitting in the door, the key of the house having been placed in her right hand and the body propped np by the murderer, as if to grimly welcome the hus- band. The circumstances pointed to the fact that a Spaniard living in the neighborhood was the guilty man. The fact that the suspect had suddenly disappeared led to the corroi)oratiou of the first sus- picion. A search was made for the culprit, but before it could be thoroughh' organized, hunger and thirst drove him into the open. On the night of April 2d he came from his hiding place in the mountains to the ranch of one Ricardo Higuera. who saw him stand- ing by a fence, although he did not at first know who the visitor was. The owner of the ranch demanded "Who's there?" and when the answer came, although no name was mentioned. Higuera recog- nized the voice of the suspect, who then sought to conceal him- self by stooping so as to hide liis real height. This was sufficient for Higuera. who forthwith fired upon the inti-iulcr and the sus- pected murderer lay dead by the fence. Higuera 's first shot did not quite end tlie life of the man. so he deliberately loaded his Aveajxni and fired directly into the head of the suspect, inflicting a wound that at once ended life. Legal Proceedings Simple. The legal proceedings following give an excellent idea of the way the conrts proceeded in those days. The next morning Hi- HISTORICAL 133 guera visited the justice of the peace and told liim what had hap- pened the night before. The legal machinery then began to move. The justice visited the spot, saw the body, took in the surround- ings, and made a note of all that had happened. This was Justice Allen. After deliberation he concluded that there should be a jury to pass on the occurrence, so he caused one to be impaneled. It was then thought best to bring the body to San Jose so that wit- nesses might see it. A number of them were speedily examined. Both Spanish and American witnesses identified the body as that of a person whom public opinion had designated as the murderer of the woman. The name of the murderer proved to be Duarte, so an inquest was held by Justice Allen, and the jury decided that the man had come to his death from gunshot wounds inflicted by Eicardo Higuera, and that his victim was the person sought as the murderer of Mrs. Wills, the perpetrator of high crimes. For the reason that the rancher fired the fatal shot under the conviction that it was his duty to rid the world of such a person as the suspect, there were no proceedings against the man who brought him to his death. Another of the old cases in Santa Clara County occurred at Gilroy on May 12, 1855, when a man of the name Kelly, who had stolen a number of horses, was quietly taken out by the people and hanged. There was no noisy demonstration, only a systematic pro- cedure leading to the scaffold. In view of the prevailing inse- curity of life and property and the frequent depredations on prop- erty, it was decided that the county could well spare the criminal class. In taking justice into their own hands in the Kelly case, the mob worked without violence or noisy demonstrations. The vic- tim was told, in low tones, that he must prepare to meet his God without delay. After this the proceedings were soon over. OLD MlM\(i LAAV AND A[1MX(; CISTOMS. ''■^TIK siukleii tliscovery of «r()lcl in California l)rou^ht a uniciup I situation in the law applyinir to the valuable metals and to ininintr in ireneral. The suddenness of a discovery that revo- luti()ni/t'(l tile worhl's way of tliinkin^- hrouulit odd situations in the courts. Careful students of the situation liave lon^- nv^o concluded that the miners and prospectors at tiie outset of their activities Avere simply trespassers on the public lands as a.L'ainst the govern- ment of the Ignited States. There was no law to guide, restrain, or protect them, as a writer on mining law has shown, so they decided to make their own laws. These early men had little or nothing to fear from the military authorities. They seem to have triumphed over every obstacle and to have shown themselves etiual to the occasion. ''Finding themselves far from the legal traditions and restraints of the east." says the report of the Public Land Commission of 1880. ''in a pathless wilderness, under the feverish excitement of an industry as swift and full of chance as the throwing of dice, the adventurers of 184!) s})ontaneously instituted neighborhood or district codes of regulation which were simply designed to protect a basic possessory ownership. Ravines and river-bars Avhich held the placer gold were valueless for settlement (U- liome-making. ])ut were splendid stakes to liold for a few shoi't seasons and gaml)le with for wealth or ruin. "In the absence of state and federal laws ade(iuate to meet the novel iiulustry. and with the inbred respect for equitable ad- justment of rights between man and man. whicli is the inheritance of centuries of P^nglish common law. the miners sought only to secure equitable rights and jirotection from ro])bery by a simple agreement as to the maxinniin size of a claiin. trusting with a well-founded confidence that no machinery was necessary to enforce their i-cLiulations. other than the rougli blows of ])ublic opinion. "Tile gold-seekers were not long in realizing:- that most of the dust which had worked its way into the sands and liars and distrib- uted its precious particles over the bedrocks of rivers was derived from solid quartz veins which were thin sheets of mineral mat(^rial included in the foundation rocks of the country. "Still, in advance of any enactment by legislature or Congress, the common sense of the miners, which had pi-oved strong enough HISTORICAL 135 to govern with wisdom the ownership of i^lacer mines, rose to the question of lode claims and decreed that ownership should attach to the thing- of value, namely, the thin sheet-like veins of quartz, and that a claim should consist of a certain horizontal block of a vein, however it might run, but extending indefinitely downward with a strip of surface on or embracing the vein's outcrop, or the placing of necessary machinery or buildings. Under this theory the lode was the property and the surface became a mere easement. The California Theory. "This early California theory of a mining claim, consisting of a certain number of running feet of vein, with a strip of land covering the surface right to the claim was the obvious foundation for the federal legislation and present system of public disposition and private ownership of the mineral lands west of the ^lissouri Eiver. Contrasted with this is the mode of disposition of mineral- bearing lands east of the Missouri River, wdiere the common law has lieen the one rule and where the surface tract has always carried with it all minerals vertically below^ it. "The great coal, iron, copper, and zinc wealth of the Rocky ^Mountains has all passed with the surface title, and there can be little doubt that if California had been contiguous to the eastern metallic regions and its mineral development progressed natu- rally, with the advance of homemaking settlements, the old common law precedents would have governed its w^hole mining history. "But California was one of those extraordinary historic excep- tions that defy precedent and establish original modes of life and law. And since the developers of the great precious metal mining of the far west have for the most part swarmed out of the Califor- nia hive, California ideas have not only been everyw^iere dominant over the field of industry, but have stemmed the tide of federal land policy and given us a statute book with English common law in force over half the land and California common-law ruling in the other." In discussing the conditions that existed in the early years of mining. Justice Field of the supreme court, speaking when a justice of the supreme bench of the United States, in Dennison v. Kirk, 98 U. S. 453, sa.ys: "The discovery of gold in California was followed, as is well known, by an immense simmigration into the state, which increased its population within three or four years from a few thou- sand to several hundred thousand. 13(i HISTORICAL Uncle Sam Owned Lands. "The lands iu wliieh the precious metals were found belonged to the United States, and were unsurveyed, and not open by law to occupation and settlement. Little was known of them further than that they were situated in the Sierra Nevada jMountains. Into these mountains the immiirrants, in vast numbers, penetrated, oc- cupying the ravines, gulclies. and canyons, and probing the earth in all directions for the precious metals. ''Wherever they went tliey carried witli them the love of order and the system of fair-dealing, which are the common characteris- tics of our people. In every district which they occupied they framed certain rules for their government. ])y which the extent of ground they could severally hold for mining was designated, their right to such ground secured and enforced, and contests between them were either avoided or determined. "These rules bore a marked similarity, varj'ing in the several districts according to the extent and character of the mines, dis- tinct provision being made for different kinds of mining, such as placer-mining, quartz-mining, mining in drifts, or mining in tunnels. "The3' all recognized discovery, followed by appropriation, as the foundation of the possessory title, and development by work- ing as the condition of its retention. And they were so framed as to secure to all comers, within i)ractical)le limits, absolute equal- ity of right and privilege in working the mines. "Nothing but equality would have been tolerated by the min- ers, who were practically the lawmakers as respects mining on the public lands in the state. The first appropriator was held every- where to have, within certain well-defined limits, a better right than others to the claims taken up; and in all controversies, except as against the government, he was regarded as the original owner from whom title was to be traced. . . . These regulations and cus- toms were appealed to in controversies in the state courts, and re- ceived their sanction ; and properties to the value of many millions rested upon them. For eighteen years, from 1848 to 1866. the regu- lations and customs of miners, as interpreted and molded by the courts and sanctioned by the legislation of the state, constituted the law governing property in mines and in water on the public mineral lands." Mr. Yale's Views. 'Sir. Gregory Yale, author of an interesting book called "Min- ing Claims and Water Ritrhts." contends tliat the earlv mininir laws HISTORICAL 137 were not the spontaneous creations of the pioneers who came to Cali- fornia after the discovery of gold. He holds that the early placer diggings of California were populated by miners from ]\Iexico and South America, and that these dictated the system of work pursued by the Americans. He also maintains that the Americans, with few exceptions, men from the mines of North Carolina and Georgia, also from the lead mines of Illinois and Wisconsin, w^ere almost wholly inexperienced in this branch of industry. He also insists that Cornish miners were quick to spread themselves throughout the state, and, largely by their experience, practical sense, and in- dustrious habits aided greatly in bringing the mining code into definite shape. ]Mr. John F. Davis, a well-known California lawyer of the older generation, writes as follows on this subject, taking issue with Mr. Yale: "With all deference due to any opinion expressed by Mr. Yale, it appears that he has in this chapter failed sometimes to dis- tinguish between the practical work in mining taught the pioneers by their ^Mexican, Chilean, and Cornish associates, and their com- rades from the southern gold and western lead states, and the fram- ing of rules and regulations. ''The hints and suggestions on the pan and rocker and long torn and sluice do not necessarily include instructions on a code of mining in a situation absolutely as novel to the persons from whom they learned how to mine as it was to the pioneers them- selves. "The mining land in North Carolina, Georgia, Illinois, and Wisconsin is all held under principles founded on the common law of England. Nor is it necessary to hold with Yale and General Halleck that the Mexican system was the foundation for the rules and customs adopted, for in the manner of lode claims that system is the direct antithesis of the California system, the former recog- nizing vertical claims to the exterior boundaries, and the latter recognizing the extralateral rights. The mere fact that the IMexi- can system recognized discovery as the source of title and develop- ment as the condition of holding it need not cause us to jump to the conclusion that in these respects the rules and customs of Calif or- nians were a conscious imitation of the Mexican system, especially when the two systems are noticeably dissimilar in other points. A Natural Result. "In a region where the only title could be possessory, possibly temporary, under the law, what other arrangement in these re- ]3S HISTORICAL spects than the one adopted conld have suu^e.sted itself to the jMoneers ? May it not lie simply aiiotlier illnstration of the faet tliat. with tile saint' pi'(>l)h'ins and the same cnviiMnnicnt the liunuin inind has. in different ages, ari-ivt-d at the same practieal solution? pjven the idea of the story of the Jumping Frog of Calaveras need not necessarily be deemed a conscious imitation of its Boeotian pro- totype." ;Mr. Ilittcll tells us. in his History of California, volume III, page 252. that it was not uncommon to fix the size of the claim as ten feet square; that it was only in vei-y rich gromul that this (juan- tity was found to be sutficicnt. In poorer localities, or where ground had once been partially worked, the size was usually one hundred feet square, though thei-e were many variations according to circumstances — the idea in each case being to aflford every man a fair chance to accumulate wealth, and with this object in view to give him as much gi-ound as he could i)ossibly use. "The lu^xt provision — and it was an important oiu' — was that the claim could oidy be held while it was being reasonably worked. It was usual to provide that wlien a claim was taken up. stakes should be driven at the corners, or Avritten notices of api)ropriation l)osted up. or an entry made in a record-book open to the public; and sometimes several of these nuides. or others e(|nally effica- cious, were required; but in all cases the fee of the buul was re- garded as belonging to tlu^ government, and no person could ac- (juire any ownership beyond the mere use for mining purposes. and that only while l)eing so used. "A very common condition was that a certain amount of work should be done within a certain specified time — sometimes a cer- tain amount every week during the mining season; or otherwise that the claim was lial)le to l»e taken u|) by soiiiehody else. So. also, if a person went away without leaving his tools or some othei- understood evidence of his intention of retiu-ning and resuming work. "Here again it was the sjinie ])i'inci])le of tlie eipuility of every num in his riglit to any e(iual chance with his fellow; on the one hand securing him in his possession and the fruits of his labor, but on the other hand offering to each of his fellows the same privilege if he failed to make use of them. Fundamental Points. "The condition under which claims could be held and the cir- cumstances under which they could be forfeited, together with the HISTORICAL 139 size of the claim, and the manner of settling disputes, constituted the chief point and basis in what were known as the mining laws or mining customs. There were of course variations in different localities. In most cases the first discoverer or locator in a mining region was entitled to more ground than any other miner, generally to twice as much; and in many cases special provisions were made about sales and the purchase of claims and the authentication of bills of sale, which were the nsual instruments ])y which claims were conveyed. "Obviously no customs or laws could be ad()i)ted without some kind of consensus or consent on the part of the mining eonnnunity. This was at first generally merely the agreement of the particular company or camp, which might have its own separate and distinct rules and regulations, different from their neighbors; but by de- grees meetings of the miners of different camps and at length of the whole neighborhood were held, nntil finally it became common to form what are known as mining districts, embracing large tracts of territory, and to adopt laws applicable to and eft'ective through- out the whole territory so included. . . . And there were a great many hundreds of them, nearly every bar, flat, and gulch having its separate rules. Their jurisdictions were frequently changed, some consolidating into large districts and others dividing into smaller ones — the changes depending chiefly on the character, as to homogeneousness, or otherwise, of the mining regions embraced and the convenience for the miners of access to the place of meet- ing. ' ' In a very interesting work on the mineral resources of the west, Mr. Ross BroAvne made a report, in 1867, describing the na- ture of the regulations prevailing among the miners. ]\Ir. Browne found it was impossible to obtain a very complete collection of the regulations, and that they were so numerous that they would fill a volume of a thousand pages. He found that not less than five hundred mining districts existed in California, two hundred in Nevada, and one hundred each in Arizona, Idaho, and Oregon. Each had it own set of written regulations, customs, rules, or laws. The main ob.jects of the regulations were to fix the bound- aries of the districts, the size of claims, the manner in which they should be marked and recorded, the amount of work necessary to secure the title, and the circumstances under which claims might be abandoned and opened to occupation b}' new claimants. lie savs: 140 HISTORIC A L Size of the Districts. "The districts do nut usually contain more than a hundred square miles, frequently not more than ten. and there are in places not less than a dozen within a radius of ten miles. In lode mining the claims are often two hundred feet lon^' on the hxle : in placers, the size depends on the character of the diutiinus and the amount of labor necessary to open them. In hill diggings, where the pay- dirt is reached by long tunnels, the claim is usually a hundred feet wide, and reaches to the middle of the hill. Neglect to work a placer claim for ten days, when it can be worked, is ordinarily con- sidered an abandonment. "The regulations in the different districts are so various, how- ever, that it is not possible to reduce them to a few classes com- prehending all of their provisions." Chief Justice Beatty, of the supreme court of California, in making a report for the Public Land Connnission many years ago, took the ground that when placer mining began in California there were no laws regulating the size of claims or the manner of hold- ing and working them, and local regulations by the miners them- selves became a neces.sity. These were adopted, not because the subject was too complicated or difficult for general regulation, but because they were needed immediatel}' as the sole refuge from anarchy. He says that the first and most important matter to be regu- lated, of course, was the size of claims, and the first miners' rules contained little else than a limitation of the maximum amount of mining ground that one miner might hold. Speaking more in de- tail. Chief Justice Beatty says: "That being determined, he was often left to take possession of his claim and work it as he pleased. It thus appears that the location of a mining claim Avas noth- ing more nor less than the taking into actual possession of a lim- ited quantity of mining ground, and this was accomplished by simply marking its boundaries and going to work inside of them. But in taking possession of their claims, miners sometimes failed to mark their boundaries as distinct or do as much work on them as later comers who were there to secure claims for themselves thought essential; hence arose those disputes and violent conflicts of which we read. The Next Step. "The next and tiiial ste[) in the development of miners' laws, accordingly, was the rei:ulation of the mode of marking the bound- HISTORICAL 141 aries ' or otherwise designating- the boundary or extent of the claims, and the quality or quantity of work necessary to hold them. As a fence around a claim was utterly useless, four stakes at the corners, or two stakes at the ends of the river boundary of a placer claim were usually allowed to be a sufficient marking of its extent; but in this connection a written notice, descriptive of the claim, and containing the name of the owner, was sometimes required to be posted on the ground and recorded by the district recorder. Then, as it was frequently impossible to continue work upon a claim on account of scarcity or superabundance of water, and as miners were often driven from the vicinity of their claims by the severity of the winter season, the rules went on to prescribe the minimum number of days of work per annum by which a claim could be kept good, and the maximum of time during which a miner might absent himself from his claim without being deemed to have forfeited or abandoned it. "In rare and exceptional instances miners may have attempted to extend their regulations to other matters than those mentioned, but I risk nothing in saying that the above statement embraces the essence of the miners' law of the Pacific Coast in the placer claims. After these regulations had been for some time in force the discovery of veins or lodes of gold-bearing rock, and to them the law of the placers was adopted with the least possible change. "First, the size of claims was regulated by allowing so many feet along the vein. "Second, the mode of making out or designating the claim was prescribed. "ThiT-d, the amount of work necessary to hold it. Laws are Modified. "The principal modification of placer mining law as adopted to lode claims was upon the second point. The placers were located as surface claims and were thus marked by stakes at the corners, notice and record, when required, being deemed of minor impor- tance. In lode claims these conditions were reversed. The exact course or strike of a lode was seldom ascertainable from the crop- pings at the point of discovery; and as the claim was to so much of the lode in whatever direction it might be found to run, with a strip of adjacent surface, taken for convenience in working the lode, and as a mere incident or appurtenant thereto, it was found to be impracticable to mark the claim by stakes at the surface, and hence the notice and record came to play a more important Hl> 11 I ST () U I (' A L part ill tlie desi^aiatin^^ of a claim. It canic. in fact, to he all-im- portant, locations of lode claims beinrr eomnionly made by placing a notice in rcasonal)lt' pi-oxiniity lo the point at which the lode was discovered or exposed, stating that the undersigned claimed so many feet of the vein, extending so far and in such direction or directions from the discovery point, together with the amount of ad.jacent surface ground allowed by the rules of the district. "The notice so posted liad the effect under the rules of hold- ing the ground described a certain length of time, commonly ten days, within which time it was necessary to have the notice re- corded in tin- district i-eeords in ordei" to keep the claim good. This was all that was required under the head of marking or desig- nating the locality and extent of the claim, and it was thereafter held simply by doing the prescribed amount of work. This was the California minei's' law." In 1851 Stephen .J. Field, who was then a iiieml)er of the As- sembly, representing Yul)a County, becanu' the instrunu'ut that molded the mining customs into law. Field introduced ami had passed what has been known as the i*ractice Acts, section ()21 of which, since re-enacted as section 7-48 of the Code of Civil Procedure, wrote as follows: "In actions respecting mining claims, proofs shall l)e admitted of th(^ customs, usages, or regulations established and in force at the I)ai- or diggings, em])raeiiig such claims : and such customs, uses, or regulations, when not in conflict with the constitution and laws of this state, shall govern the decision of tlie action.'' This was the first statutory law that formally recognized the customs of the miners and ineoi-jioi-ated tlu'ni into tlie law of the state. The act of April V-\. ISHO. i-elating to the conveyance of mining claims, also recognizes the lawful rules and i-egulations of the mines in the several ininiiig districts of this state, and is the only othei" I'ecogiiition of the i'\des and customs in California. |)i'ior to the federal mining law of lS(i(i. Chief Justice Sanderson, in lS(i4. in construing section G21 of the Practice Act, in the case of Morton v. Solandx) Copj)er ]\Iining Company. 2() Cal. '^^'^i . said: "These usages and customs were the fruit of the times and denumds of comnumities who. though living under common law, could find therein no clear and well-defined rules for their guidance, applicable to the new conditions by which HISrO R I C A L 143 they were surrounded, but were forced to depend upon remote analogies of doubtful application and unsatisfactory results. Hav- ing received the sanction of the legislature, they have become as much a part of the law of this land as the common law itself, which was not adopted in a more solemn form." From those early times down to date the courts of California have always given the rules, regulations, and customs of the min- ers full recognition, and a great part of the law consists of a sum- mary of the chief points that then obtained among the miners. (ALIFORMA'S (ODE UF LAWS. C^ALIFORXIA has the unique distinction of being the first Eng- j lish-speaking state to introduce a code of civil procedure. Before the laws of California were codified, there was con- siderable agitation of the question. Governor Leland Stanford hav- ing recommended the codification and the appointment of a code commission, as early as January. 1863. and following that recom- mendation, on December 9th of the same year, with a stronger reference to the necessity of codification, wliieh he presented in his annual message. But so far back as 1860 the Honorable P. C. Johnson, of Ama- dor, introduced into the Assembly a bill to provide for the prepara- tion of a code of laws for the state. It met with coldness and did not pass either house. By November, 1865. Attorney-General John P. ^IcCullough. in an official report, argued against any attempt to codify the laws of California unless the very best talent should be employed. So the matter rested for some years, but on April -t. 1870, Governor Ilaight approved an act passed at that session for a commission to revise the laws. This had been introduced into the Assembly by the Honorable T. A. Slicer, of Nevada County. Creed Haymond Active. Creed Haymond. for many years attorney for the Southern Pacific Railroad, also prominent in politics, was chairman of the first Code Commission of California, and has often been dubbed the father of the code. He and his associates formulated the first complete code of laws ever adopted by any state in the Union, or by any people who speak the English language. It might seem that the Practice Act. introduced by Judge Field early in the fifties, was an earlier codification than that of Creed Haymond's Commission, but investigation shows that the work of Field was not original codification in the sense now under discussion. The Field Act was drawn almost wholly from the Prac- tice Act of New York, with some modifications; but New York was not a code state at that time, nor has it since adopted a civil code or followed California and some other states in its reformed procedure. The codes of California went into effect January 1. 1873. J. C. Bureh and Charles Lindley were on the Code Commission with HISTORIC A L 145 Creed Haymond, although Mr. Lindley resigned before he really got into the service. The work occupied almost three years and was done for the most part by Creed Haymond himself. A copy of the original, in Mr. Raymond's handwriting, is still preserved. In answering a political opponent who had criticised the codes, Mr. Haymond once said: "He does me much honor in the assertion that Creed Haymond made the code. It is the growth of the world's civilization, not the work of any one man or set of men." The late Oscar T. Shuck says that in the same speech Haymond gave considerable information as to the forming of the code and that its details should form an interesting part of the history of the state. He said in part: Committee Sees Work. "Before their adoption, the codes were submitted to an ad- visory board selected by Governors Haight and Booth, consisting of Charles A. Tuttle, of Placer, and Sidney L. Johnson, of San Francisco. Mr. Tuttle, a lawyer of large experience — the reporter of the decisions of our supreme court — was particularly qualified for the position and gave to the discharge of his duties on the board his undivided attention. Mr. Johnson, a ripe scholar, learned in both the civil and the common law, brought to his labors a mind rich in accomplishments, exact and critical. After a careful exam- ination of the work they gave it their unqualified approval and indorsement and heartily recommended its adoption." Before their adoption the Civil and Penal Codes, also the Code of Civil Procedure, were submitted to a joint committee of the two houses of the legislature. This committee was composed of W. W. Pendegast, James T. Farley, James Van Ness, A. Comte, Jr., C. Gr. W. French, and F. E. Spencer, who gave to the codes a thorough examination, and, in elaborate reports, their approval and indorsement. The following is an extract from one of the reports on the subject: "Your committee believe that the system of law embodied in the codes prepared by the Revision Committee is more perfect than that prepared by any other state ; and it would be well for the honor of California if by the action of the present legislature it should adopt this great work, thus setting an example which will be speedily followed by all her sister states, adding new laurels to the fame she has already justly acquired, and at once becoming, as has been remarked, not only a law-giver to the thousands within her borders, but to the millions who are to succeed them ; and by 146 IflsrORICAL force of luT example, to not only the vast population of th.' Paeitic Coast, but to the millions of citizens of other states who will soon follow in her footsteps. Then, when the laws in all the states in this irreat federation are harmonious and in .sympathy with each other. California, havin^r made the first advance toward this high aim. will be entitled to the tirst post of honor and gratitude of the whole country." Chairman Edward Tompkins, who was in the Senate at the time and a member of the Senate Judiciary Committee, also recog- nized as one of the best lawyers in California, said, on the passage of the Civil Code, which was the last one of the four to be finished, that he was satisfied that he had been Avrong in his skepticism. He said in part : Thanks the Commission. "As there will be no other opportunity. I desire to say a few words in relation to the bill now before the Senate and the work of the commissioners, of which this is the final result. Those sen- ators who were here two years ago will remeiid)er that I was not an advocate of the organization of the Code Commission. Past experience had taught me that it was a dangerous experiment, and that the chances were that we should have as its fruit large sal- aries and expenses to pay. and then an added uncertainty rather than any definite rule to aid us afterward in the administration of justice. Having entertained these ideas. I have watched the labors of the Commission with perhaps more interest, and certainly not with any stronger disposition to be pleased thereby than would otherwise have been the case; and I desire now. in justice to the Commission and to myself, to say that I was entirely mistaken in the ideas which I entertained in regard to the organization of the Commission, and that, on the contrary. I now believe that they have done their work faithfully, wisely, and well, and that altliough there will be errors (doubtless some great ones, as who coidd do such a work and not leave traces of human infirmity behind them?), yet I believe, as a whole, it is the greatest and best step forward that the state of California has taken toward a perfect system of laws, and therefore, with as much earnestness and sincerity as two years ago I used in opposing this movement. I now second the motion that the rules be suspended and llie hill ])asse(l l)y the Senate without further delay." Later. (^Jovernor l^ooth appointed Sti'phen J. Field. Jackson Temple, and -Inhn Dwinelle a commission to make a thorough ex- amination of the code. The names of these gentlemen were sug- HISTORICAL 147 gestecl by the judges of the supreme court, and after some months in the work, they made the followino- report: Codes are Praised. "We found the four codes — the Political Code, the Penal Code, the Civil Code, and the Code of Civil Procedure — as prepared by the Commission and enacted by the legislature, perfect in their analysis, admirable in their order and arrangement, and furnishing a complete code of laws, the first time, w^e believe, that such a result has ever been achieved by any of the Anglo-Saxon or British races. It seems inexplicable that those peoples who boast of being the most fully imbued with the sentiments of law, have left their laws in the most confused condition, resting partly on tradition, but for the greater part scattered through thousands of volumes of books of statutes and reports, and thus practically inaccessible to the mass of the people. That California has been the first of this class to enact a complete code of municipal law will add not only to the prosperity of her people, but redound to her honor as a state." The importance of the making and adoption of this code was even better appreciated abroad than at home. Great lawyers throughout the United States took great interest in Avhat was accomplished by the Californian Commission. David Dudley Field, whose own labors had amply fitted him to be a judge of such w^ork as that of the Commission, praised the achievement. On ]\Iarch 18, 1872, he addressed a telegram to the Commission, as follows : "All honor to you for your great work accomplished. It will be the boast of California that, first of English-speaking states, she has set the example of written laws as the necessary complement of a written constitution for a free people. "DAVID DUDLEY FIELD." Japanese Like Codes. While the Code Commission was engaged in its work, a depu- tation of educated Japanese lawyers visited California, and on their return to Japan they took with them copies of the codes, portions of which were later incorporated into the laws of Japan, and these form a part of the broad legal and political reforms that have cul- minated in constitutional liberty in that country. Letters of com- pliment and appreciation were addressed by the Japanese authorities to the commissioners. 148 HISTORICAL Mr. Shuck says: "AYheii Creed Haymoud died it was remem- bered that it had been his wish to perfect the code system of California — to take in all the laws that had been enacted since the adoption of the code, and distribute them where they properly belong, and extend their provisions more in detail — to make such a set of codes that henceforth all legislation upon the subjects treated in them should be strictly confined to amendments." The principle enunciated by the first Code Commission has been largely carried out in subsequent legislation and the work of other commissions. It is to-day in the minds of the best lawyers to make the work of future legislative bodies harmonize with the codified laws of the state. THE GREAT PIOT S FUND CASE. ONE of the most remarkable cases that ever originated in Cali- fornia is that known as the Pions Fund litigation — a claim made for large sums dne the Catholic Church by the Mexican government. In his highly entertaining book called "The Old Missions of California," George Wharton James gives an interesting account of this suit, the genesis of which runs back to early days in the Spanish history of the Pacific Coast. His words are so much to the point that some of them may be quoted, as follows : "It is singular how hidden things come to light. Nothing more clearly exemplifies this than the history of the pious fund of Cali- fornia. The person who brought this history to light is John T. Doyle, a fine old gentleman. It was a personal joy when he kindly consented to outline the story of the original founding of the fund ; its various vicissitudes up to the time of its confiscation by Santa Anna, the Mexican dictator; the modern discovery of the claim that the Catholic Church of California had upon it; the presenta- tion of that claim ; the various obstacles met in furthering it ; the award by Sir Edward Thornton, the umpire appointed to decide the case ; the payment of more than $900,000 by Mexico in conse- quence of that award. Then the failure of Mexico to pay the annual installments of interest implied in that award; the various efforts made to secure diplomatic action upon it in Mexico by our State Department; the final submission of the case to the Hague Tribunal through the efforts of Secretary John Hay ; and the final award. Here indeed was history at first hand." It was well known from the earliest times that such a fund existed, but it seemed exceedingly difficult to find much definite information concerning it. The legislators of California — those of the early days — did not know of Palou's and Gigedo's and Ra- mirez's reports and of the letters and reports of Galdez, all of which have become familiar with the later critical students of the history of the great fund. The lack of knowdedge caused them to make a discouraging report ; but Mr. Doyle and others w^ere determined to see the case to a successful conclusion. Mr. Doyle's Work. In 1853 Mr. Doyle, who was associated with the Honorable Eugene Casserly, was prosecuting before the United States Land Commission a petition of the Right Reverend Joseph A. Alemany. 150 H I S T O R I C A L bishop of ^Monterey. DiiriniL' the presentation of the case he made a wonderful discovery that led finally to the successful termination of the case. Mr. Doyle tells of tin* brinirin«r to him of a packa«re of papers which the Reverend Joseph Alemany had found in the church's safe. "He thought they probably related to the mission pious fund and asked me to look them ()vt'r carefully and see if there was any justification of basis foi- a claim airainst the T'nited States for tlio recovery of the fund." It transjiired tiiat the jiapers were a i)art of the correspondence, in a cramped hand, on flimsy paper, that seemed to be very dilap- idated, beintr also fastened totrcther. woman fashion, with a needle and thread. After careful examination the papers were found to be tlie correspondence between Don Pedro Ramirez, the commissioner who had held the funds in trust, at the time they were confiscated, the government, and some others. Ramirez appears to have been a conservative man of business habits, for he had made out a com- plete list of the property transferred and had required a receipt from the government official to whom he relinquished his charge. Mr. Doyle says the matter was dropped for the time being, but in 1857 he had an opportunity to go to New York and go into the case more fully. After consulting with Mr. Casserly. and giving him an outline of the case, he thought it well to go ahead with it if his partner agreed with him. There was an agreement to this end and the work went forward. Before he had gone very far in the investigation of the pious fund case. INIr. Doyle found himself working hard to accumulate additional information concerning that remarkable controversy formulated in favor of the church. He said he was on the alert at all times for information, to which purpose he read every scrap of Mexican history he could find in regard to the events of the old times. He gradually accumulated, sometimes from the most unexpected places, the materials of the interesting history he has since given to a number of libraries — matters relating to a remarkable section of ecclesiastical history. History is Interesting. The historical phases of the case became so deeply interesting to him that the information accumulated very fast; but it seemed to him that the pleasure derived from the study of the case was to be about the only reward. HISTORICAL 151 About this time affairs in Mexico became so entangled, one revolution following another, that the settlement of private claims seemed the most remote thing imaginable. ]\Ir. Dojde even ceased to examine the treaties at the conclusion of each session of Con- gress, and the bishop, as well as all his associates, had almost dis- missed from his mind all hope of recovering anything from the pious fund. Mr. Doyle's associate in Washington was absorbed in other affairs, so he paid little attention to the fact that he and Mr. Doyle had been retained in the ease. INIr. Doyle himself says that he had almost neglected to pay any attention to the proceedings, so hopeless did the prospect of success appear. Mr. Doyle once spoke as follows concerning the great case : "On March 27. 1870, I took up a New York paper and by luck fell upon a paragraph saying that the 30th instant would be the last day for presenting claims to the Mexican and American Commis- sion, then sitting in Washington. I was away from San Francisco at the moment and no conveyance could be obtained until the next day. The pious fund ease in my charge had so long appeared a hopeless thing that I had not even observed that a claims convention had been agreed on between the two governments. I hastened to the city the next morning, got a hold of the convention of July 4. 186!), and read it carefully. Demands presentable under it were limited to damages resulting either to persons or property, committed by either republic on the citizens of the other since the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo, February 2, 1848. It was clear that the original seizure of the pious fund, and taking it into the public treasury in 1842, could not be made the subject of reclamation under the convention. Looks for Remedies. "I read it again with a mental inquiry." says Mr. Doyle, "which ran like this. 'Is it possible that we are utterly without remedy?' The time for deliberation was passed; my client, the vicar-general, knew nothing whatever of the matter, was busy at Washington, obviously oblivious to the whole situation. I had to decide on my own responsibility immediately. I decided to aban- don all claim for the property of the fund, take Santa Anna's decree of October 24, 1842, as a purchase and sale of it at the price and on the terms indicated in its text, and claim damages for nonfulfillment of the contract by payment of the interest ac- crued since the treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo. 352 HISTORICAL ■'I telegraphed to Washiugtou. outlining the claim in this form, and announcing ray desire that it might be filed with the Cora- mission, and l)y the following Wednesday I had the satisfaction of learning that my message had been received and understood and the claim presented in time." ^Ir. Doyle in due time prepared a memorial of his claim as required by the rules of the Coraraission and incorporated the his- torical matter with the papers in the case, adding a pamphlet of sixty-eight pages containing extracts from hLstorical works in Spanish. French, German, and Italian, all in support of the allega- tions of his memorial, the same being raade a part thereof. The historical proofs were overwhelming, not only as to the object of the fund itself, and the subscriptions to it. but particular donations of great magnitude. The Honorable Caleb Cushing, Avho represented Mexico before the Commission, demurred, but his demurrer was never passed upon. After considerable delay ^Ir. Doyle began to fear that the life of the Commission would expire before it reached decision, and with- out any further delay he examined witnesses, filed their depositions, and took every possible step to obtain and preserve evidence. A point of great materiality but difficult of establishment was the text of the Marquis of Villa Puente's deed, because of the large value of the property donated ($400,000) as well as by the exhaustive definition of the purposes of the trust. He finally got the evidence before the Commission, and Mr. Cushing, as counsel for ^lexico. argued the case on its merits. It is admitted that his ability and attainments were remarkable. "While his conclusions differed very greatly from those of ]Mr. Doyle, the latter highly appreciated every point made, and realized that he had a remarkable antagonist in the field. Opinion Elaborate. To come to a final decision the Commission delivered an elab- orate opinion, eacli writing an elaborate statement of his own views. The case went before Her Britannic ^lajesty's minister at Washington, as umpire, and the victory seemed in sight, and when it had reached that stage many persons were willing to aid Mr. Doyle. The case was argued before him by ^lessrs. Doyle, Casserly, P. Phillips, and Nathaniel Wilson, whom Mr. Doyle had retained to assist him. He says he never entertained a doubt as to the results at the hand of a publicist of the rank and distinguished abilities HISTORIC AL 153 of Sir Edward Thornton. The decision justified his confidence when at last it was rendered in November, 1875. ]\rr. Doyle thought that the equal division of the fund between Upper and Lower California — the one a sterile mountain chain with a population under 30,000, the other a great and growing state with a population of half a million — and the denial of interest on installments in arrear, scarcely fair, but on the w^hole the victory was remarkable. Sir Edward, in fact, admitted that he was moved somewhat by the poverty of Mexico and he wanted to be merciful. Mr. Doyle finally was awarded a goodly sum. Sir Edward determined that the sum annually payable by ]\Iexico to the church of Upper California for interest on the pious fund was the half of $86,160.98, and he awarded to Upper California twenty-one years' income at that rate, which amounted to $904,700.79, all of which was paid by Mexico in accordance with the terms of the award. At the conclusion of the proceedings Mr. Doyle bound into volumes as many copies of the printed proceedings in the ease as he could gather up and deposited them with public libraries for the information of the public. (iREAT lIMiKiATlON lUTTLES. 1.\ \ ir\v (»f the rnpitl iii.-itcfial (Icvrlopiiiciil of Califonii;! ;m(l ttic entire west, p.-irt iciil.-ii'ly those sciiii-iii'id regions lli.-it have been either reelaiiiied or iii;ule ti'eblx' valu.ihle by irrigation, it is interesting and iierinane to the subject of legal history to recur to some of the ])attles that were wa- rii)ai-ian riuhts. irri- •ration and similar subjects. The late Ilonoi-able ('. ('. Wi-iuht. of ]\Iodesto and Los Anjieles. known as the father of the ii-ri '.nation laws of California, had won- dei'ful abilit\" in eonsti'uctive legislati(»n. and his knowlediie of tlie irrigation laws, the battle foi" them, and kindred matters, were remarkable. The following account of the long fight for the irri- gation of lands is summarized frt)m Mr. Wright's manuscripts on that sul)ject : fn 1884 a great legal battle was fought ovei- tlu^ respective rights of riparian proprietor-s and those who sought to divert the water from the natural streams and apply tlu^m to irrigation. Tin- agitation of this (pu^stion tinally culminated in tlu' famous case known as Lux v. Haggin. in tiu' sujjreme court of California. The question there presented was, as set forth by the court, Can a private corporation divert the waters of a watercourse and thereby depi'ive the iMpai'iaii |)i'(»])i"ietors of their use of the sanu'. witluuit compensation made or tendered to its propi'ietors .' Court Renders Decision, in answer to this vital (pu'stion. the coui't held: First, that the owners of land by or thi-ough which a watercourse naturally and usually tlows have a right of i)roi)erty in the waters of the stream. Second, this property may be taken for a pid)lic use, just com- pensation being tii-st made or paid into court. Water to supply farming neighl)orhoods is a public use, and it is for the legislature to determine whether, in the exercise of the power of eminent domain, it was necessary or expedient to ])i'ovide further legal machinery foi- the approi)riat ion and duv c()m|)ensat ion of private rights to the How id' i-uiining streams and dislribut ion itf llic water thereof to public users. Third, but one [)riva1e person caiinol lake pn>i)er1y IVom an- other, either for the use of tlu' takei- or for an alleged ])ublie use, without an.\- comix'tisation made oi' teiidei-ed. Fourth. I'ipai'ian owners in;iy i-easonably use the water of a stream foi' j)urp<»ses of ii-i-igat ion. HI STOEI C A L 155 Decision Discourages. Under the terms of this decision of riparian rights, it was felt for a time that irrigationi interests in California had suffered severely, and the best thought of the state was directed to some solution of the problem as to how waters needed for irrigation might be diverted and appropriated for irrigation purposes. Such was the legal situation. The contestants in the case herein cited, subsequent to the ren- dering of the foregoing decision, settled all their differences by compromise, which rendered any further controversy between them unlikely. The respective sides had represented contending forces, and when the plaintiffs and defendants in that case had settled their differences, those whom they had also represented were at a loss to know what course to pursue in the premises. The right of a private corporation or other land owner to divert the waters of a watercourse for irrigation purposes had by this decision been denied. The statutes prior to this time had apparently authorized such diversion. A title of our Civil Code provided that the right to the use of running waters, lying in a river or a stream, might be acquired by appropriation, provided that the appropriation were for useful or beneficial purposes. The simple process by which this diversion might be made con- sisted in the requirement that a notice should be posted in a con- spicuous place at the point of intended diversion, and that the claimant should state therein the amount of water claimed by him; the purposes for which he claimed it. and the place of intended use ; the means by which he intended to divert it, and the size of flume, ditch, pipe, or aqueduct in which he intended to divert it, and that a copy of the notice must, within ten days after being posted, be recorded in the office of the recorder of the county in which it was posted. After taking these preliminar}- steps the claimant was reciuired to begin work within sixty days, which work he was required to prosecute diligently and uninterruptedly to completion, unless tem- porarily interrupted by snows or rains. It had been thought, prior to the decision of Lux v. Haggin. that these provisions of the statute authorized the appropriation of water for irrigation purposes in California, and that the doctrine of riparian rights, as defined in this case, had no existence. 356 HISTORICAL The Current Belief. It may be said that it had becoim' tlie curreiit belief anion*,' the lawyers as well as the laymen of California that the statutory enactments heretofore referred to were suffieient authority for the diversion and use of waters of any stream as ajjainst any and all riparian claims. The future welfare of the state seemed to depend upon the right to use all available water for the purposes of irrigatit)n. This remarkable Lux v. Haggin decision seemed to put a new pliase on the irritration situation. The rijrht to have the water flow in its accustomed channel to the sea. according to the common-law doctrine, it was thought, did not exist. ]\rany important irrigation enterprises had l)een launched ; large canals and other works essential to the diversion of water had been constructed to various portions of the state. In many in- stances these systems had been operated for a sufficient length of time, before this decision was announced, to have acquired a right to the use of the water theretofore diverted by them by prescription or statute of limitations. Some of the largest irrigation systems of the state were so pro- tected. But while vast amounts of money had been expended in the building up of such systems, the area supplied by the water supplied by them was insignificant when compared with the entire area requiring irrigation. It might be safely said that not one-twentieth part of the irri- gable land in California had been supplied with water for irrigation purposes at the time this decision was announced. When we speak of irrigable land, we mean lands that were scarcely wortli having unless supplied with water for irrigation. Such is the character of the land throughout the great San Joaquin Valley, except in favored spots lying along the bottoms of certain rivers. The same statement might well be made of the lands in the great Sacramento A^alley, which are for the most part of little value in their natural state. The conditions in Southern California, especially in the vicin- ity of San Diego, were even worse, this because of the desert-like character of the surroundings. California was essentially an irri- gation state. Its lands were scarcely worth the government price unless they could be supplied witli water for irrigation. It is true that the coast lands, such as are found in parts of Ventura, San Luis Obispo, Santa Cruz, Santa Clara, Napa, and Mendocino coun- ties, do not in general require water for irrigation. The rainfall in these localities is generally in excess of the rainfall in the in- HISTORICAL 157 terior, and the added dampness by reason of proximity to the sea renders them reasonably profitable for agricultural purposes M'ithout the artificial use of water for irrigation ; but the great pre- ponderance in area was situated as noted above. How this might be supplied with irrigation, within the limits of the decision in Lux V. Haggin, was a problem to be met. Neighborhood Rights. The court had decided that farmning neighborhoods were en- titled to exercise the right of eminent domain — in other words, that water to supply these neighborhoods was a public use, and that this public use authorized the invocation of the right of eminent domain. But how should this be accomplished? The farming neigh- borhoods consisted of an aggregation of farmers, each of whom was a private individual, whose interests were separate and distinct from those of his neighbor, and a single farmer was not authorized to join with his neighbors in a common cause of action, because their interests were distinct and separate, and therefore the exer- cise of the right of eminent domain did not lie within the reach of either the single farmer or of the many farmers. The court, it will also be seen, had significantly suggested that it was for the legislature to determine whether, in the exercise and power of eminent domain, it was necessary or expedient to provide further legal machinery for the appropriation and due compensa- tion of jDrivate rights to the flow of running streams and the dis- tribution of the water thereof to public uses. No other recourse seemed possible under this decision than the organization of these farming neighborhoods into public corporations, having the sem- blance of municipalities, who would thereby become possessed of the right of eminent domain in behalf of any interest which they, as such public corporations, might have. When the legislature of 1887 met such was the existing condi- tion. Vast areas of land in the San Joaquin Valley, which might be made exceedingly profitable with irrigation, were without the needed supply, and without the means of acquiring it. It was absolutely beyond their reach, for the reason that any attempt to take it from the streams would be met by riparian claims, and it was beyond their reach for the further reason, in many in- stances, that an organization could not be perfected which would be sufficiently powerful to command the funds with which to con- struct the needed works. 158 H I S I- () U ICAL Such beinj? the eonclition. the irrigation law of California was suorurested as a solution of the problem. It atTorded to the farming neighborhoods the opportunity of organizi.ig themselves into public corporations wherever the need might exist, and of uniting to the end that they might divert the waters of any stream to supi>Iy their lands with needed irrigation. The Law cf 1887. Inasnuich as this was the tirst attempt to meet the situation under the decision of Lux v. Haggin. it will be interesting to note what the features of this act were, and some of the efforts that were made to aj)ply it. and with wliat success. As a means of availing tliemselves of the provisions of the district law, a farming neighborhood might present to the board of supervisors of a county a petition signed by not less than fifty freeholders who should be owners of land susceptible of one mode of irrigation from a common source, and l)y the same system of works. It was required that this j)etition. together with a notice of its presentation, should be published at least two weeks before the time of its presentation, and that it should set forth and particu- larly describe the ])oundaries of the proposed district, and shoultl contain a prayer tliat the same might be organized into a district under the provisions of said act. It was also required that the petitioners should accompany the petition by a good and sufficient bond to be approved by the board of supervisors in double the amount of the probable cost of organizing such district, conditioned that the petitioners would pay all costs in case such organization should be effected. This provision was of the greatest importance. The ob.ject of it was to empower the board of supervisors, whenever a petition might be presented to them, to employ all necessary engineering talent to determine the feasibility of the district asked for; as to whether it had an ample water supply ; as to whether the lands were so situated tliat the entire area would be benefited l)y irrigation; whether the cost of the .system woidd be such as the land owners would be able to meet. and. generally to determine the feasibility from the standpoint of profit to be realized from the organization of the district. The l)oard of supervisors was empowered to determine every fact nfr-cssjiry to be determined as to whether or not the petition HISTORICAL 159 should be or should not be granted, and the cost of determining this question was properly placed upon the petitioner. In case the petition should be granted, of course the expense would be met by the district organized; but in case the petition should be denied, or if. having been granted, the farmers failed to organize it, the cost would be met by the petitioners. This provision afiforded ample means of avoiding any mistakes in the organization of a district, and if the boards of supervisors throughout the state had faithfully carried out its provisions, in accordance with its spirit, no mistakes would ever have been made. No districts would have ever been organized unless they had pos- sessed an ample water supply. No districts would ever have been organized, the lands of which were not susceptible of irrigation, by one system and from the same source. None would have been organized where the cost of constructing the works exceeded the amount which the farmers could afford to pay. The act provided for the holding of an election in pursuance of an order of the board of supervisors, in case they should deter- mine that the district was feasible, and if at the election two-thirds of all the votes cast were in favor of the organization of the dis- trict, it thereby became a public corporation authorized to do the very things which it had been denied the individual to do, or the private corporation to do, by the decision of Lux v. Haggin. Boards Provided for. The act provided that such a district should have a board of five directors, an assessor, a collector, and a treasurer, officers corresponding to those of any other public corporation in this state. It was also provided in detail what their duties and func- tions and powers should be ; how these offices might be tilled in case of vacancies, and for regular elections for the election of officers. A district, by means of such organization, became possessed of all powers essential to carry out the objects for which it v>^as formed. The first duty consisted, of course, in determining what works were needed as a means of diverting and supplying waters essential to be used. Having determined what works were essential, it provided that plans and specifications of such works should be prepared, and should be adopted by the board of directors of the district. To meet the exact conditions created by the decision of Lux V. Haggin, the act provided that the board of directors should have the right to aeciuire. either by purchase or condemnation, all J60 HI STOlx'I C AL lauds and waters and otlier property necessary for the construction, use, supply, niaintenanee. repair, and imj)rovement of canals and works, inc-luding canals and works constructed aiul being con- structed by private individuals, lands for reservoirs for the storage of needful waters, and all necessary appliances. Thus it was thought to entirely overcome the difficulty which had been met with in the decision of the case of Lux v. lliigi^in. The farming neighborhoods had been granted the right to acquire the privileges of eminent domain, to organize themselves into a public corporation with the right to avail themselves of the laws of the land. They had also been given the power to choose from such neighborhood five officers who should control all the affairs of tlie district ; they had been given the power to select an assessor who sliould assess their property; a collector who should collect neces- sary assessments, and a treasurer who should be the custodian of the funds. It presented, indeed, a case of home rule in the last degree. For the purpose of constructing irrigation works, the board of directors were authorized to cause to be prepared plans and specifications for all needed works, and to determine the cost thereof. Having determined the ({uestion, they were authorized to call an election at which should be submitted the question whether or not the bonds should be issued in the amount necessary for the completion of the works. Bond Provisions. Complete provision was made for the issuance of bonds: the time for whidi they should run; how payment therefor should be provided, to the end that upon the final payment the district would own unincumbered a complete system of works, whereliy it might for all time be provided with water for irrigation, had at the bare necessary expense of constructing its works. In short, it provided for the organization of farming neigh- borhoods into municipal corporations witli a single purpose. It differed from other public corporations in no other feature. It was given no extraordinary power; no power not exercised by other public corporations. Counties, cities, and towns from time imme- morial had exercised without challenge all llu' powers conferred on irrigation districts, and many others in addition ihcrrto. HISTORICAL 161 Subsequent History of the Act. The law having been enacted, the people of the state, in sundry localities, proceeded to organize under its provisions. Very many districts were organized; some advisedly and some inadvisedly. The safeguards provided to insure only the formation of such dis- tricts as should be only practicable in their operation were ignored by boards of supervisors in many instances, and districts were allowed to be organized by such boards without a single inquiry as to the conditions surrounding them. In many instances districts were permitted to be organized that had no water or the opportunity of obtaining any. In other instances impracticable schemes were allowed to be consummated, whereby the lands included within the border of a proposed district were either not susceptible of irrigation at all, or not susceptible of irrigation by water from the same source, or by the same system of works. Of course, in such instances, failure necessarily followed. These failures were charged to the district law, instead of to the maladministration of it. The fight against the validity of the law was vigorous and pro- tracted. The holders of large bodies of land were opposed, as a rule, to its enforcement. Land speculators were determined not to pay irrigation assessments on extensive bodies of lands which they held for speculation onlj', and which they could not hope to subject to a system of irrigation. The bankers of the state, as a rule, were firml}^ set against the law. because many of them held large bodies of land which they had been compelled to take on mortgages and trust deeds. They were in no position to provide their lands with irrigation be- cause they simply held them as a speculation, or as a means of making good the money which they had loaned upon them. Capital Fights Law. In this manner almost unlimited capital was engaged in the attempt to have the law declared invalid. After a long battle, and notwithstanding the fact that these herculanean powers were ar- rayed in opposition to the law, it passed through all the courts, and was finally determined to be constitutional by the supreme court of the United States in a remarkably exhaustive and well-written opinion. The best example of the practical operation of the law may be seen in the large districts known as the IModesto District, the 162 IIISTORI C A L Turloc'k District, and Alta District. The tirst two named are situ- ated mainly in Stanislaus County. The California irrigation district law constituted a new de- parture in the field of irrio:ation. and was the first ever made to mold into form a system for farming neighborhoods, the sugges- tion of which grew out of the famous case of Lux v. Haggiu. The controversy over the validity of this law, formed after much study by the late Honorable C. C. Wright, whose account has been so largely used in the foregoing, was continued with unabated vigor until tlic decision by the supreme court of the United States, which was read November 16, 1896. That decision determined that the irrigation of arid lands un- der the California district law is a public purpose, and that the water thus used is put to public use. The great point to be gained was that of furnishing farming neighborhoods with the right of eminent domain. This was fully accomplished by the district law, since, as construed by the supreme court of the United States, the use of water for irrigation purposes by farming neighborhoods constituted a public use. To reach this end required more than eight years of litigation, and during all this time anything like sj^stematic operation of the law was impossible. Furthermore, the contention over the validity of its provisions resulted in the impossibility of selling bonds by irrigation districts, and work thereunder was wiioUy susi)ended until such time as confidence could be created under the full de- termination by the court that such irrigation districts were valid. Success at Last, No general attempt to operate the districts throughout the state was ever undertaken, but in the several localities which we have pointed out they have been operated and are now being operated with great success. The district law may well be deemed an important event in the history of litigation, law-nuiking, and irrigation in California, and its future is likely to be attended with very important results. As the districts already operating show the practicability of its pro- visions and the high utility of the law as an economic measure, it will undoubtedly grow in favor and become operative in many portions of the state where little attention is now paid to it. While controversy over the law continued, irrigation by other means did not languish. Systems already begun were enlarged and the areas already begun were increased in a marked way. HISTORICAL 163 In conclusiou, it may be said that the Wright law, which was patiently formulated by one of the former able lawyers of the Los Angeles bar, who was unfortunately cut short in his career by death, has stood the test of the years and the scrutiny of the best lawyers in the land, including the supreme court of the United States itself. Modesto, the former home of the author of the bill, has been the scene of some of the bitterest contentious that have ever come by reason of the irrigation law. At present the machinery of the irrigation law is working smoothly. Questions concerning assessments, the issuance and sale of bonds, and the proper proceedings in general are much better understood than at the outset. But the great factor in the success of the irrigation law is one that has not taken place in the courts, but in the fields where alfalfa and sundry profitable crops have been made certain and multiplied in productivity by irrigation w^aters, which have made what were formerly desert lands as rich as the valleys of the Amazon. Incidents in the Los Angeles Courts. Like all other parts of California, Los Angeles has contributed its share of humorous incidents, especially incidents that occurred in the early alcalde days. It is impossible to narrate many of these stories in detail, as they are too numerous, but a few will indicate the spirit that prevailed in the old times, when the oil had not been placed in the joints of the great legal machine — in fact, when the machine itself might be said to have lain unas- sembled. On November 12, 1838, a citizen complained to the political superior that an alcalde had appropriated his cattle and fined the sufferer, repenting later and returning the cattle but not the hides. The petitioner was eager to have the fine remitted and the hides or their value returned. It is not known just what happened, but the value of all property involved was under fifty dollars. The governor referred the case to the first alcalde, along with the petition and exhibits. The case was referred from one alcalde to another, from pre- fect pro tem to governor pro tem, until the papers were almost worn out or had become musty and dust-covered. There is no record as to what disposition was finally made of the case. It was not transferred to the American courts after American occupation. It seems odd to read that in Los Angeles, so late as 1840, one Cornelio petitioned that he had been imprisoned for debt and his ]G4 II I STO h' IC AL orchard was alxmt to lu' taken from liim. altlu)u,i;li he asseverates that debt is not a prison ott'ense. "We read that the matter reached the <:-overnor. wlio usually attended to all sueh eases. It seems exeeediuiily odd to read that the governor orders the judtre who aeted to nuike a written re- port of what oeeuri-ed. "suppliMuental to his vei'hal report." The judge finally reports that he had much ])ity for the pris- oner, but a point of ethics had prevented him from aetiim'. as two brother judges had already sentenced the i)risoner. The Judge Explains. The judge explained, howevei-. thai lie had mercifully per- mitted the petitioner's brother to take jxtssession of his orchard and harvest therefrom sufficient fi-iiit lo pay the creditors of the imprisoned man. Tliis was done out of eonsideralion for tlie pris- oner's family, it was explained. The governor finally made this uni(iue order: "Let the judge make Cornelio Lope/ understand that prop- erties are respected whenever the debts conti-acted by tiie owners do not accuse them; that a judge may imprison a debtor; that the prisoner should not make use of subterfuges, making a merit of imprisonment; also that prisoner waits patiently antl submissively the result to wliidi he has given cause." The judge curtly reported that he had promptly complied with the governor's instructions and that the "prisoner understood and remained infomned and subject to wliat may i)e ordered." The records do not show how long the unfortunate owner of the orchard had to "remain submissive and informed" before he gained his liberty, but an old rumor says the apples had long been made into cidei*. the cider had long l)een ■"hard."" and many events had taken {)lace in the world before Cornelio again saw tlie light of day except through prison bars. In 1S40 a petitioiH'r comj)lains that he has been tletained in jail three days "for an affair of a lioi-se in dis[)ute." He accuses Don Felii)e Lugo, the judge in (luestion. by saying, "which gen- tleman has not deigned to decide the matter." The prefect orders that tlie jndizc wlio tried the case "will proceed to (b» justice." The jmbjc i-cported thai Ihe petition made by the pri.souer was "more owing to iiis violent-e than to any jus- tice on his side." The petitioner was forced to await dilatory pro- ceedings. The result is not rejxirted. but it is l)elieved that the eomi)laining jietitioner lost his cause. IIISTOBICAL. 165 In an old Los Angeles ease a citizen, in referring to eondnct of a judge, which conduct displeased the citizen, says: "I cannot but be surprised at the extreme facility with which that judge at- tacks the inviolable rights due to all citizens." This shows that some citizens, even in those old days, had the spirit of the recall in their mind, or at least the roughshod pre- liminary criticism. One of the best stories that has come to light regarding con- ditions existing in Los Angeles at a date much later than the stories heretofore told is that narrated by INIr. J. A. Graves, for- merly of the San Francisco, then of the Los Angeles bar, but now a banker. It is best told in his own language, as presented in a delightful address entitled "Reminiscences of the Early Bar of Los Angeles," which he delivered before the members of the Los Angeles Bar Association on October 15, 1909. It runs thus, but the quotation marks are omitted : Becomes a Judge. By one of those peculiar political accidents that are constantly taking place, Don Pedro Carrillo, a native Calif orni an of distin- guished family and appearance, but without legal knowledge or training, was elected justice of the peace in Los Angeles. Mr. Graves describes him as having been grossly ignorant of the law and aggravatingly dense in powers of understanding — in- tensely stupid and beyond hope of redemption. He had his courtroom in the second story of a brick liuilding, immediately north of the Cosmopolitan Hotel. The courtroom was reached by a wooden staircase outside of the building, which was owned by the Vigilante, Signoret. Carrillo was not very prompt in paying rent, and when ninety days' rent became due, Signoret took off the lower step of the staircase ; ninety days later he took otf another step, and again another, so that at the time I am speak- ing of, it was quite an acrobatic feat to gain access to Don Pedro Carrillo 's court. But the judge was ingenious. He got several strong boxes and improvised steps in lieu of those that were taken away. When he was departing from his daily labors, he passed the boxes up to his constable, who stored them in the courtroom, after which he was obliged to shin his way to the foot of the stairs. The next day, with the justice's assistance, the constable mounted the stairs, passed out the boxes, and the justice then ascended to his court- room. lee HISTORICAL His office was run on the fee system, and he was a great stickler for his fees. He would swear a witness, then say, ''Hold on a minute! Let me charge up that oath." "When duly entered in his register of actions, he would allow the attorneys to proceed. One day he discovered that interpreters were entitled to pay for their services (interpreting was usually from Spanish to Eng- lish, or vice versa), so he did the interpreting and allowed himself pay for it, charging it up to the litigants. There was at this time a woman who ran a ])eauty parlor in the city. She liad a magnitieent head of hair, which she wore, when on the street, in a single braid of rare beauty. It reached far below her waist. Her beauty apjioalod to the justice, as the sequel will show. A Long Examination. She was arrested for eml)ezzlement, and I became her attorney. The preliminary examination was tediously stretched out to con- sume several days. With true Castilian grace, each day, Don Pedro conducted the defendant, with great gallantry, to the top of the improvised stairs, always apologizing for their condition by saying that he was having them repaired, and tliat the carpenter must be on a drunk. There was absolutely no evidence on which to hold the fair defendant, and I moved for a dismissal of the charge for lack of evidence. After the argument on the motion Justice Carrillo shook his head and said that it was a most important matter, as the rights of the state were involved ; that considerable incriminating evidence had been introduced ; and that the good of the nation could be preserved by promptly punishing people charged with crime, and that innocent people were seldom so charged. But he would give the matter his serious consideration before doing anything either way. Two days later, meeting him on the street, I asked him to come and liave a drink with me. He put his arm in mine and said, as we started for the saloon, "Graves, do you know that case of yours is making me gray-haired? It causes me lots of trouble and worry. Why, I work on it every night. Do you see, I have my book now, taking it home to study." I naturally expected to see some pondero\is treatise on crimiiud law, as he pointed to a law book under his arm. AVhen we reached the saloon he laid the law book on the bar to light the ever-present cigarette. Without appearing to be inquisitive, I got hold of the work, and beliold. it was not a work on criminal law or anything HISTORICAL 167 pertaining to such a case as that under consideration, but a well- thumbed first edition of the Political Code of California ! Gets an Opinion. The matter ran along for some time, and finally he met me on the street, took me aside, and said, "Graves, I'm going to grant your motion, and the district attorney is very hot at me about it, so I have found great difficulty in writing out an opinion that satisfies my mind and will do me credit. Now, would you object to writing an oj^inion for mef Have it ready to-morrow, so I can copy it, then read it the next day." I readily assented, got him out an elaborate opinion, quoted him latin maxims, cited cases, reviewed the evidence, and wound up by declaring the evidence of the prosecution utterly insufficient to justify holding the defendant, dismissing the charge against her, and exonerating her bond. I gave it to him, but he complained that it was too long for him to copy, but I explained that it would not look well in my writing. After much grumbling he wrote the opin- ion in a perfect hand such as was common among the Spanish people in those times. He delivered it from the bench with fine elocutionary effect and much dignity the next morning. He then had it published in all the daily newspapers. Some months later he became ambitious and wanted the nom- ination for county judge. If anyone disputed his qualifications, he would refer to the opinion he had so carefully copied from my man- uscript. He would say, in a surprised and oflf-hand way, "What! Me not qualified ! You just go and read my opinion in that embez- zlement case that all the papers published." Mr. Graves says he has never been able to make up his mind whether the famous Hall McAllister or the almost equally famous Samuel M. Wilson was the greater lawyer. Both were at the San Francisco bar when he first remembers the things that were going on in 1873. Like all others who have ever attempted to describe these two eminent men deservedly called legal giants, he admits that both had the elements of greatness. Both were handsome men, although Wilson was the smaller and less imposing appearing of the two ; but he was a better business man and perhaps a safer guide, even if he did lack in oratorical powers, possibly in power of statement. He was keen in analysis and seldom failed to see through a cause. 168 // / N T O r.l C A L ^Ir. Graves says that he himself was oiiee at a luncheon at which Hall ^McAllister was i)resent. along with a number of other legal lights. During the meal Mr. MeAlli.ster asked Graves whom he regarded as the coming lawyer of Los Angeles. "Stephen ]\I. White." was his reply. ]MeAllister seemed to regard the answer as ridiculous and the person making it as a dreamer. This nettled Graves, who said. "I would as soon intrust the defense of my life, liberty, or property to White as to you. Mr. McAllister, although I am well acquainted with your spb'iulid abilities and high standing here." Changes His View, Some three months later ^McAllister wrote to Graves referring to the discussion at the luncheon, withdrawing his remarks, and adding that he had met Mr. Wliite in some litigation in the United States court, where he had learned to respect his abilities. Mr. Graves afterward learned that White had ''waxed*' Mc- Allister by having an important bill thrown off the calendar with- out leave to amend. lie says he always admired McAllister for his frank acknowledgment of his erroneous opinion of ^Fi-. White's abilities and character. It is the opinion of ^Ir. Graves that the Honorable John B. Felton was far more scholarly than either Wilson or ^FcAllister. He was very fond of such authors as Rabelais, the great French satirist. Graves says he seldom heard Felton make a speech in which he did not quote something from that famous author. "Felton was an extremely intelligent-looking man." says Mr. Graves. "He was of medium height and compactly built. His hair and beard were of a yellowish tinge, his countenance open, eyes large, expressive, and entertaining. When he looked at you. he took you in. as it were, and seemed immediately to know all about you. Every subject presented to him met with the same instant comprehension. He was a delightful entertainer, a good story- teller, and a good listener. "I made his acquaintance in an endeavor to collect a bill from him. He finally paid it when I caught him with the money, just as he said he would, the first time I ever interviewed him. We became fast friends. "When I went to San Francisco to be examined before the supreme court for admission to the bar. I met Felton. who expressed great pleasure at seeing me again. I had been in Los Angeles for some months. HISTORICAL mj "He took me to dinner and afterward to his office, where he examined me as to my legal attainments, and talked law to me nntil 11 o'clock that night. When we parted he told me he would come up to the courtroom the next morning to see how I got along. I really hoped he would forget the promise, but sure enough, as I took my place in the class, I saw him come in and take his seat. I was really more afraid of him that of the supreme court. A Slight Digression. "Digressing a little, I will relate an incident that occurred during that examination. A member of the class with whom I had gone to college some years before, arose, and, addressing the court in a peculiar voice, 'If your Honors please, may I make arrange- ments in advance with the clerk for my certificate of admission, as I live at San Luis Obispo, and must return to-day?' "Judge Wallace smiled upon him and, with great unction said, 'You may make any arrangements you please with the clerk, sir.' The young man thanked him and paid the clerk ten dollars, took the oath of office under stipulation that it was to be dated the next day, and departed. Although this young man was a good lawyer and had passed an excellent examination, it appeared that his name did not appear in the papers the next day as one who had passed a successful examination. In fact, he was the only man in the class who was not admitted. "I saw Mr. Felton frequently during the next few days and then returned to Los Angeles. I think it was in February, 1877. but a few months before his death, that I met him on Spring Street, in this city. He was suffering from gout and diabetes, and was shuffling along in carpet slippers, not being able to wear shoes. He was rejoiced to see me. I abandoned my office and spent three delightful days with him, during w^hich time I played the host. "I showed him all the wonders of our locality. We discussed law, politics, religion, and literature, and I had never known him to be in a more vigorous frame of mind. I saw him safely to his train and we parted. He knew that the hand of death was upon him and that he should probably never see me again. Shortly afterward he died. He was a man of brains, possessing a wide field of in- formation. He had read everything worth reading and some things that were not. "As a lawyer he stood in the front rank of that great Cali- fornia bar that has seldom had its equal in any state. His antago- nists were all giants, but lie was a match for anv of them. He 170 HISTORICAL had no business ability and no faculty of savintr money after he had earned it. so he died comparatively a poor man. ''The following story is told of him: A man to whom he was indebted was onee in his office when he received a very large fee. lie congratulated Felton. and said, 'Now, I suppose you're going to pay me that note.' 'Xo. my friend,' said Felton. waving the check before liim. 'this is for pleasures yet to come.' " Creed Haymond's Career. ^Ir. Graves iiives some interesting reminiscences of Creed Hay- mond. who was for many years one of the most prominent lawyers of California — brilliant, successful, and as contradictory as the winds in his attitude toward corporations. At one time Raymond advocated that the public ousht to tear up the tracks of the Southern Pacific Railroad Company. l)ut when he became a state senator he made a powerful plea in their behalf, and later became and remained their attorney until his last illness. According to Mr. Graves. Avho frequently recites his reminis- cences to members of the bar at Los Angeles, George AV. Tyler, the notorious old lawyer of San Francisco, was probably the most trick}' member of the profession in California. It was he who "passed a gold brick" to General W. H. L. Barnes, in the Sharon case, by inducing the general to pay $25,000 of Sharon's money for something that proved to be only a trap in which to catch Barnes and Sharon. James G. Eastman, also one of the old and brilliant lawyers of early San Francisco, who was associated with Tyler for some years, used to tell the following story on the wily Tyler, who could not be trusted in anything: In the daj^s when stage robbing was not considered so seriously as to-day, or at least when lawyers, some of them, took long chances with the gentlemen of the road, two highwaymen had held up a stage and obtained $15,000 in gold. Of course thej' publiclj' protested their innocence, but Eastman and Tyler got them aside and probed into possibilities. When they finally took the case under investigation, as the}- announced, they went out, as they said, to gatiier evidence of their client's inno- cence. The allegation was tliat this gold had been stolen from the Well-Fargo expre.ss box. "While protesting their innocence to the public, they confessed to Eastman and Tyler that each had buried $5,000 of the money and each had spent a large portion of the third $5,000. HISTORICAL 171 One burial of coin took place near Sacramento, the other near Marysville, and of course this buried treasure was to constitute the fee, if the attorneys appeared in the case. The problem was hoAv to get the gold. It soon developed that the apprehension of the prisoners was due to the fact that they had grown hilarious while proceeding to spend the $5,000 which was not buried ; but Tjder and Eastman found enough of it left to serve as a retainer. Finds his Coin. Eastman went to Marysville and dug up his $5,000, as agreed with his associate. Under the terms of the agreement. Tyler was to dig his fee from Sacramento soil. After a few days Eastman received a telegram from Tyler expressing sorrow that he had been disappointed of his hopes and he desired to meet his partner in San Francisco. At that meeting Tyler bore a more mournful expression than a minister who had just attended half a dozen funerals. AVith tears in his eyes — he was a good actor — he confided to Eastman the sad fact that he had been utterly unable to locate his share of the loot. Eastman, moved by the story of his companion's hard luck, acquiesced in the request to divide his "find" with Tyler. Many years afterward Tyler criticised Eastman for being "too easy" in money matters, and confessed to him that he had readily found the $5,000. Both defendants, however, w^ere sent to the peni- tentiary. The unseemly wrangling that often disgraces courts in these days, as in the so-called graft cases in San Francisco, was suddenly ended in a celebrated case that was tried before Judge James G. Maguire when he was superior judge many years ago, in San Fran- cisco. There had been much bitterness between Hall McAllister and John I. Bergin, who had a sharp tongue and probably the best mem- ory for cases of any man at the bar. "These men had been getting closer and closer to the danger line," said Judge Maguire, in telling of the trial some years later, "and it seemed prett}^ evident that one or the other would soon be calling his antagonist a liar. I had tried in vain to calm them, but each day found them drawing closer to the firing line, so I went into my cloister and devised a way to end the trouble. 172 7/ ISTO I! I C A L Seeking a Remedy. ""When court was called to order the next raoruincr I said: 'Gentlemen. I have tried in vain to prevent you from addressing each other in lantruat^e more fit for a bar-room than for a court, .so I have decided to make a rule for the guidance of counsel in this cause. In order that the order may not be misunderstood I have caused it to l)e typewritten. The clerk will hand each attorney a copy of it.' "The rule simply .stated that neither attorney should address the other directly, but any messages should be delivered to the judge, who would convey it to the other attorney. All went well for a few hours, messages being passed through my mouth. Finally little Bergin said. *May it please your Honor, will you kindly tell the distinguished gentlemen tliat his word in this matter is no bet- ter than that of a common liar.' I at once responded. 'To a.sk the judge to deliver such a message is contempt of court. I fine you $100.' The fine was paid forthwith, with the remark. 'It is worth that much to say what I think.* ^McAllister said. 'May it please your Honor. I am so pleased to see a stingy man disgorge, that you may invite the gentleman to indulge in the vain luxury of using his tongue all day at a hundred dollars a sentence.' " Some of the peculiar entries made in old court records at Los Angeles are exceedingly amusing, as may be seen by a few ex- cerpts. In one case, for example, the record shows that judges did not care much whether they held court oi" not. "A feast day hav- ing intervened." runs the entry, "the proceedings are suspended." In another cause about that time, one of the parties accounted for the nondelivery of the documents in the case, as previously or- dered, by alleging that although he came to deliver it. he found the court closed on account of too much rain. In the same case the following entry appears: "Owing to serious engagements of the court to-day. the proceedings are herebj' suspended." A little further along in the case is this entry: "The court now being somewfiat at leisure, the expediente will be re- ceived." Be it known that all these references to the court really meant the judge, and the engagements referred to were his per- sonal, not judicial, engagements. Some Humorous Entries. Many of the most humorous entries were in conciliation courts such as existed before the American reuMUie. In one of those HISTORIC AL 173 causes the parties to the controversy agreed to appoint arbitrators (judges) to decide the matter. Their agreement of arbitration contains the following: "And the belligerent parties impose upon themselves a fine of two hundred dollars, Avhich shall be paid by the one who protests or proposes another suit which may override the sentence which may be given by the arbitrating judges." In their final sentence the arbitrating judges found a sum due from defendant to plaintiff, and allowed interest at the rate of two and one-half per cent per month. Another interesting case is where one of the parties alleges that a certain judge has exceeded his jurisdiction. After quot- ing what was alleged to be the law on the subject, he says: "Since the prescriptions of said law do not admit interpretation, it must be supposed that the honorable judge read it mechanically, since he has wished to take to himself attributes of a higher authority. We must therefore be convinced that the conciliation judge has not acted in conformity with the laws in force, but that through ignorance or malice he has acted in the matter with too much par- tiality. This proceeding, your excellency, does not onl}" trample upon our social compact, but it also ridicules supreme government and wounds persons and authorities that must be respected and conciliated by reason of the privileges to them imparted by law." In an interesting case wherein the defendant had made some insinuations as to the bankruptcy and other shortcomings of the plaintiff, the plaintiff relies in a way that gives a wonderful picture of the reckless use of language permitted in legal papers in those days, his reply being in part as follows : "Even if I wished to answer in the same manner in which the preceding coarse and disreputable writing is formed, my prin- ciples and good education do not allow it. It seems, your honor, that the addition of my first writing has been treated with the utmost contempt by the court under your charge, as proved by the effrontery by which the opposing party, absolutely deviating him- self from the question, continues insulting me with nonsense and proverbs such as Sancho Panza would not be capable of spouting out when talking with Don Quixote, and lastly I repeat to you my prayer in this particular, making you responsible for the results that may ensue for not listening to me in justice, because my op- ponent does not respect our being before a tribunal that must be re- spected. ' ' 174 // / .<^ T J! I C A L An Odd Direction. In direetinp: the detViulant to answer, the court says: ''And the belligerent parties are cautioned to stop all personalities and Hisults or the corresponding fine will be imposed." ^Ir. Graves had a high opinion of the ability of Hall McAllister, whom he describes as one of the greatest lawyers he ever met in San Francisco. As heretofore said, however, he was never able to say whether lie thouglit McAllister or Samuel ^l. Wilson the more powerful at the bar. He describes him as a tall, well-built, large-framed man of tine appearance, who always wore a frock coat and high hat. It was his habit to be clean-shaven daily and his clothing was spotlessly neat and clean. His manner was kindly, his bearing dignified. He looked like an actor, although when one knew him to be a lawyer he seemed to fulfill the ideal of that char- acter in his every appearance. ]\rr. Graves says: "He was a wonderful advocate, equally good before a judge or a .jury. In his argument before a jury he called upon the treasured stores of his well-filled brain, and by the magic of his honeyed tongue, he aroused the emotions of the human heart and touched the innermost chords of human sympathy. Jove-like, he hurled his thunderbolts of scorn, contempt, and ridicule. Broad in his views of life, in touch with every element of human thought and action, he reached into the innermost recesses of the juror's mind and played upon liis faults and foibles with the same grace- ful ease that a skilled musician uses in drawing sweetness from some favorite instrument." A number of those who knew McAllister well have never said that he was an orator. Under the popular definition, he was not, but when one analyzed the subtle manner of his method, his diction, his logic, and the entire presentation of the case there was no doubt that he wr>)ught wonderful results by so exju-essing emotion as to excite emotion in otliers, which is an (»1(1 definition of eloquence. A Wonderful Talker. Mr. Graves often heard him. and he concludes tliat he was a man of magic speech. Continuing his deseriiition. he says: "]Mc- Allister was an orator, but not of the Fourth of July or public- speaking class. His oratory was of a legal nature. It partook of that great and honorable profession to which he had so assiduously devoted his life. The beauty of liis language, llie purity of his diction, the wonderful scope of his l)oundless knowledge, filled liis listeiuM's Avith breathless rapture. He was earnest and forcible in HISTOBICAL 175 his manner, respectful in his bearing to the court, jury, and his opponents. "He would sometimes talk for days to one juror, never for one moment faltering until he felt that he had won him to his view of the ease. The California reports show that his practice embraced every possible question that the eccentricities of litigants and the peculiarities of our laws gave rise to. No man ever more nearly approached him in manner, diction, grace, and general charm of delivery than did John Garber, who became prominent in Cali- fornia later. Either of them would address a court by the day, and their arguments, when presented in printed form, would read like the well-considered legal opinion of a master-minded judge." Joseph P. Hoge was one of the great characters of the old days. He w^as an old man in 1873, but was hale and hearty. In fact, he was not a judge until after he was seventy years of age, al- though this seems almost incredible to those who knew him so long only as a judge. His former title was "Colonel." From Buckeye State. Judge Hoge Avas an Ohioan and had received a classical educa- tion at Jefferson College, Pennsylvania. He went to Ohio after he was graduated and was there admitted to the bar. Courtesy, with a fund of rare information, and the equipments of a gentleman, were always granted to be among his sterling assets. He became prominent in politics and was a member of the Constitutional Con- vention that framed the present constitution. He bitterly opposed all radical influences. Before he came to California he was a member of Congress from Galena, 111., being a Democrat. He sat as a member in both the 28th and the 29th Congresses. His political career thus ran from 1843 to 1847. Hoge and Wilson (Samuel M.) were law partners in Galena for some 5'ears, but they came to California together in 1853 and prac- ticed together until 1864. Colonel Hoge's life was active politically and professionally. He was the leader of the Democracy. He was elected judge of the superior court of San Francisco in the fall of 1888 for a full term of six years from January 1, 1889, but he died in his office on Au- gust 14, 1891. at the age of eighty years. Samuel M. Wilson. Samuel M. Wilson, the illustrious father of Russell J. and M. S. Wilson, was one of the greatest lawvers that ever came to 176 HISTORICAL California. As heretofore said, he was intimately associated for almost a lifetime with Judge Joseph P. Hoge. the two having been early friends in Ohio, of which they were natives, and afterward legal associates, in partnership at Galena. Illinois, at the time that Mr. IToge was a member of both the 2Sth and the 29th Congresses. ^Ir. Wilson was born at Steubenville. Ohio, in 1S24. He had the misfortune to lose his father when only four years of age, but he fell into good hands, so that his breeding and education were not neglected, but carefully provided for. although he had to deliver many sturdy blows in his own behalf early in life. At the Grove Academy, which he attended for several years, he received the elements of a very good education, although he never won a diploma, being compelled to stop and win his own way from time to time, having the physical strength and courage to do so. His tirst law studies were pursued in the oftiee of General Samuel Stokeley. also a prominent member of Congress, as was his later associate from Illinois. Here young Wilson proved himself a careful and enthusiastic student of dogged perseverance. He was not given to over-enthusiasm or emotion, but pursued a dogged pur- pose to succeed, being aided by an indomitable will and a logical mind. But while he was studying law. he also pursued his other studies, particularly Latin, some English classics, history, and the sciences. He was admitted to the bar and practiced for some time at Steubenville, when Colonel Hoge. who was then in Congress from Galena, invited him to Galena and offered him a partnership, which he accepted in 1845. Although Colonel Hoge was almost fourteen years older than Mr. Wilson, the friendship between them was remarkable, having begun in Ohio many years before, where that friendship and association had been made even more intimate by the marriage of ^Ir. "Wilson's brother to one of Colonel Hoge's sisters. Enough of Criminal Law. An interesting incident in ^Mr. Wilson's life is the fact that he became district attorney at Galena by the resignation of the regu- larly elected officer. His experience in the criminal law at that time sufficed him for life, for he did not like it and would have nothing to do with it. This early determination that he should shun it was possibly responsible for the laying of the foundation for a wonderfully successful and lucrative civil practice for the remainder of his life. HISTORICAL 177 "The criminal law business I had to attend to during the frag- mentary term," said Mr. Wilson to a friend, "surfeited my ambi- tion, if I had ever had such ambition, to be connected with criminal cases." The old Galena firm of Hoge and Wilson removed to San Fran- cisco in 1853, while the lure of gold and the activities of the pio- neers were still the great features of social and commercial life. This firm continued in business until 1861, during all of which time the offices of the firm were in the historic Montgomery Block, one of the monuments that survived the disaster of 1906. After the dissolution of the firm, Messrs. Hoge and Wilson «vent their respective waj^s. ]\Ir. Wilson formed a partnership with his brother, David S. AVilson. This lasted only two years, being broken up by the return of David to Iowa, where he was soon elected circuit judge. In 1866 Mr. A. P. Crittenden became associated with Mr. Wil- son, and the firm of Wilson & Crittenden was prominent in San Francisco until the death of Mr. Crittenden, in 1870. From 1870 until 1874: Mr. Wilson had no partner, though he often retained Judge W. W. Cope to aid him in his business. Mr. Wilson and his second son, Russell J. Wilson, became part- ners in January. 1874, and the firm of Wilson and Wilson was in business without any further change than the admission of another son — Mr. M. S. Wilson — until Mr. Samuel M. Wilson's death. No lawyer in San Francisco ever enjoyed a better practice than did Mr. Samuel M. Wilson, who represented a large number of wealthy persons and strong corporations during a long era of active litigation. He was the attorney for a large number of min- ing companies, for Wells-Fargo, for banks and safe deposit com- panies, and other concerns that took an active part in commercial affairs during the many years of Mr. Wilson's career. He also frequently appeared as one of the attorneys for the Central Pacific Railroad Company in important suits. A Great Lawyer. It is the opinion of those who met him in the courts, or who knew his methods and power from observation and general knowl- edge, that he was one of the greatest lawyers and most indefati- gable workers — methodical and patient — that ever appeared before any tribunal in California. The late Oscar T. Shuck, who had many facilities for observing the great lawyers of the early days, says : 178 HISTORICAL "With the aid of his sous he wielded liis immense practice without difficulty. Although perfectly unassuming, he had every possible confidence in his own capacity." He seems to have been a man who knew things and knew that he knew them, being absolutely certain before he embarked on a sea of litigation. He often opposed the giants of the eastern bar unaided and won his cases even more frequently than he lost them. He disliked hazardous suits and was cautious about the ground on which he fought. He often met them in the supreme court of the United States. He equipped himself in complete armor, having a large, carefully selected library, which he chose for utility. No larger library was ever collected, in the early days, than his. There is no doubt that he possessed what is known as a well- balanced legal mind, fine judgment, and wonderful energy. To his natural equipment he added constant study, making law his jealous mistress, as Coke advises its votaries to be. In addition to loving his occupation and the science of the law, he had rare capacity for work. His habits were exemplary and he led an honorable, blameless life. A Great Cross-examiner. The late A. J. ]Marsh. the great court reporter who established the Marsh system of shorthand, paid a wonderful tribute to INIr. Wilson, whom he pronounced the greatest cross-examiner he had ever seen, unless he excepted Durant, the famous associate of Choate. The Boston cross-examiner was perhaps no greater than W^ilson, whose mind seemed to travel far ahead of the witness and lead the man on the stand to the most startling and unexpected conclusions and contradictions, if that man were either dishonest or stupid. Mr. W^ilson was always known as a tireless worker. He per- haps made the most thorough preparation of every phase of his case of any practitioner at any bar. He never boasted of this fact but once, when, goaded by dilatory motions, he made a remark that sheds much light on his methods and his feeling of absolute confidence in his conclusions. In a suit in 1880, he said, in response to somebody's motion based probably on the theory that Wilson was as superficial as the other lawyers in the case: "I make thorough i)reparation of my cases. I have analyzed this case and I know just what the plaintiff will be permitted to prove under each count. If this amendment is allowed. I mav desire to demur; I mav move to strike out; I HISTORIC AL ' 179 may answer. I prepare my cases, so that when I come into court I may be able to assist both court and jury." It was methods such as this remark suggests that caused Wil- son to bring victory to so large a proportion of his clients in a life of hard-fought legal battles among men who were not pigmies. He appeared before the supreme court of California more frequently than did any other lawyer during his career, possibly more fre- quently than any lawyer will ever appear in the future. He died after a brief illness, on July 4, 1892, and was almost sixtjMiine years old. He had been in his office the day before, and had attended the meeting of the Bar Association the evening before his death. All things considered, no man can say that a greater lawyer ever practiced at the California bar. Samuel M. Wilson may de- servedly be called one who was a giant among giants. An Important State Case. One of the most important cases ever decided in California or by the supreme court of the United States affecting California was that involving the title to the Yosemite Valley. By an act approved on April 2, 1866, an act is ratified by which the governor had been authorized to appoint eight commissioners to govern the Yosemite Valley and the Big Tree Grove, near Mari- posa. By the former act the state of California became vested with full title to the cleft or gorge known as the Yosemite Valley, to- gether with the land within the boundary described in the act, in- cluding, as before said, the Mariposa Big Tree Grove, famous over all the world by reason of the vast age of the sequoia gigantea growing therein. The commissioners hold this property, under legal decisions, for the uses and purposes mentioned in the act creating the grant, and the supreme court of California, in the case of F. F. Low, as governor, H. W. Cleveland, et al., commissioners, vs. J. M. Hutch- ings, cited in the 41 California Reports, page 34, the opinion having been written by Mr. Justice Crockett, from which no dissent was made, declares that so long as the powers of the commissioners remain unimpaired and the trust remains in force under which the state holds these lands, the right of the commissioners to their pos- session cannot be resisted, and declares that the attempt of the state legislature to make a grant of a portion of these lands to the defendant Hutchings would be an open and flagrant violation 180 • H 1ST OEl C A L of the trust in wliieh these lands were conveyed to the state, and therefore void. This was regarded as an important decision at the time and created much interest and discussion. The supreme court of the United States, at the December term. 1872. on an appeal taken by Hutehings, cited in 15 Wallace, page 77. ]\rr. Justice Field having delivered the unanimous opinion of the court, sustained the decision of the supreme court of California, that the act of Congress of June 30. 1864. granting the ^Mariposa Big Tree Grove and the Yosemite Valley to the state of California, pa.ssed the title of those premises to the state, .subject to the trust specified therein, and to be held "for public use. resort, and recreation, and bo inalien- able for all time." Whatever changes were afterward made in the relations of the state toward the federal government in no way affected the sound- ness of the decision, which was an important one in the history of Californian litigation many years ago. The case is believed to be unique in American history, at least in some of its essential details. Views on Street Railrcads. .Much of the litigation of recent years, as well as the discussion of problems affecting the public interests, grew out of conten- tions between street railway corporations and the public. The ex- ten.sion of the public desire to control the means of transportation has caused much bitter discussion, and some of the great cases of recent years have had to do with the fundamental principles of railway control. The late Luther McKissick. who was employed as special coun- sel by the government in some famous litigation against the Stan- ford estate, uttered some advanced views in his day. In the library of ^Fr. [McKissick was found a brief that was never filed by reason of a compromise in the suit for which it was prepared, but it is interesting as an evidence forerunning the drift of more recent tendencies to note that that brief took the position that, as railways are public highways, the municipality should have a right, without dispute, to the use of the tracks, under an applica- tion of the law of eminent domain. Principles Contended for. The brief indicates legal anticipation of economic changes. "It was not prepared by me," said Mr. McKissick. "but by a lawyer, aided bj' a student of economic problems. The two made H ISTO L' 1 C A L 181 thorough investigations of the labor and industrial situation, in conjunction with the legal problems, and their very clever conten- tion was the result." The brief, which later cites many authorities, opens as follows : "Under modern social conditions strikes, boycotts, lockouts, and other economic diseases are multiplying with increasing fre- quency. Federations of labor on the one hand and great combina- tions of capital on the other discourage the middleman, disarrange industry, and plunge societ.y into bitter strifes. "Though the courts originally regarded strikes as unlawful conspiracies, the,y now grant not only the right to strike, but to employ pickets. One result of such decisions is that strikes are now conducted as great industrial wars, being directed by national commanders. "While these signs of social maladjustment midtiply, the class struggle predicted and agitated by socialists seems to come closer every day. Thoughtful men who are neither millionaires, labor agitators, nor socialists naturally begin to ask where this strife is to end. The stern capitalist of courage may call for state militia or federal troops when the public peace is overthrown, for ex- ample, during a street-car strike, and a president of the determina- tion of a Cleveland, ignoring an Alt geld 's gubernatorial protest, protects Chicago's street-cars by sending an escort of Uncle Sam's soldiers. Thereupon the socialists and the public ownership party demand municipal ownership, and with every new strike there is renewed discussion. Thousands of writers and speakers travel over the old roads that lead nowhere, and each outbreak finds the problem as far from solution as ever. Must the strife always con- tinue? Must the remedy forever remain a mystery?" The attorneys then explain that they agree with Captain W. II. Ashby, one time a lawyer in San Francisco, but later of Beatrice, Nebraska, that OAvnership of the highway — the track itself — should be vested in the government, whether federal, state, or municipal, and that the ownership and operation of cars fall within the prov- ince of private industry. They cite the fact that the late M. J. Becker, chief civil engineer of the Panhandle system, pronounced the plan of joint operation of trains over a publich' owned track, a practical scheme. It was contended that several companies for- merly operated over a track near Columbus, Ohio, and each com- pany leased its right of way over the road, with the privilege of using it, at specified times, in conjunction with other companies. 182 H I S T () n IC AL It miyrht be difficult to find a parallel example to this brief, its peculiarity being that it minorles economic analysis, industrial tendency, and legal decisions in its ar^'ument. For example, the authors of the brief say that they agree with Professor Seligman, of Columbia University, that "it is possible to advocate government ownership — especially municipal owner- ship — of some forms of property, without incurring the imputation of socialism; and if the right line of demarkation is drawn, there is a field for public ownership, in co-operation with private in- dustry in the operation of street-cars in cities." The attorneys responsible for the brief then say it is their purpose, with the indulgence of the court, to go far afield, so to speak, and look into historical, ethical, and economic principles. ''We purpose," they say. "to analyze the problem of public ownership, as applied to street-car management and the question of the rights of the public, and to show that the public ownership of the highway itself, as distinguished from the public ownership and operation of the cars, is consistent with the modern system of industry, now conducted along the conservative and recognized lines of individualism. In other words, a city may justly own the iron highways within its territory, may also own the power plants by which cars are moved, and may charge track toll and power rentals to competing operating companies, all this without interfering with the rights of private capital, and without over- throwing the present economic system of industry. This distinction preserves the rights of ail classes, and overcomes the objection that municipal operation would involve the hiring of a vast army of men." In view of the Geary Street, San Francisco, situation, wherein the city always seems to have some sort of battle on with the street railway companies, it may be useful, from a historic as well as from a legal and economic view, to quote a little more in detail from the odd brief that, though never formally filed, was in reality a part of the legal thought in California almost a (juarter of a century ago. It may be said that ]Mr. Justice Norman P. Chipman at one time held, as a layman, that the best solution of the railway problem itself — applying that word to every kind of rail highway — would be some such distinction as should recog- nize the difference between rolling stock and highway. To come back to the brief, here are some of the vital points set forth in the language of these who wrought so long ago: HISTORIC AL 183 "It is now generally recognized by economists that government may 'properly do what the private individual cannot do, will not do, and ought not to do.' [Seligman.] The private ownership of any kind of a highway, the exclusive use of that which of right belongs to the public, this comes fairly within the limitation of what private individuals and corporations ought not to do. ''The supreme court of the United States has decided several times, as have the supreme courts of many states, that railways are public highways. In the case of the Pensacola Telegraph Company (96 U. S., page 1), Chief Justice Waite held that gov- ernment has the undoubted 'power to make a government mon- opoly of the management of railways and the telegraph, and to appropriate to its use the existing lines of both.' "Under the law of eminent domain private property must, under the compelling force of public demand, be surrendered, after just compensation, for the benefit of the majority. Every person who has ever seen a condemnation jury at work knows what may be accomplished when a railroad company, in its quasi-public char- acter, needs a man's farm for its switch yards. "In some of the earlier legal battles defendants who opposed the right of railways to condemn their lands argued that rail- roads were private ways because they were so operated that none but their owners could use them, and because every vehicle not owned by the company was barred from the railroad ; but the courts have uniformly held that railroads are public highways whose privileges are granted for a time to companies, subject, always, to the superior rights of the public ; and that if railroads do not exist by public necessity, the titles by which the companies hold many of their franchises can be set aside as absolutely null and void. Judge Jere Black announced this doctrine with singular force and clearness. "Though the cases cited pertain largely to interstate railroads, the principle and the reasoning apply with even greater logic to the case of street railways in modern cities, where interruptions of traffic by the ill-arranged affairs of private owners inflict sharp and disastrous inconvenience and losses upon the public. Highways Belong to All. "Highways are of great antiquity. They existed in ancient Egypt, in Peru, and in Ceylon, where they reached a high degree of perfection. In Judges we find accounts of highways and by- ways, and Rome's Via Aurelia and Flamminian Way are as famous 184 // / N 70 7?/ C A L as the military roads of Caesar's day. Alexander von IInnil)oldt speaks of the niarvelons roads of tlie Ineas. mountain hi<:h\vays over the Andes, eoustrneted by forgotten generations. But whether we read of ancient highways in India, or of those described in Exodus or in the annals of excavated Troy, or even of the appear- ance on the highway of the chariot built by Erichthonius at Athens 1486 years before Christ, we find one condition — that highways were always owned l)y the people, and from the earliest times (down to the invention of the railroad) both civilized and savage men have always guarded their highways from private ownership. Whether a bridlepath or a chariot way. the road always remained the heritage of the multitude. ^leii of all races, in all ages, have had the right to pass and repass over the public thoroughfares, which have been open to men, women, and children whether walk- ing, driving, or riding. Horses, mules, asses, oxen, camels, ele- phants, dromedaries, reindeer. Arctic dogs and even African cs- triches ridden by jet black owners, have been free to travel over the highway, as free as the snow-skaters of Lapland or Holland, as free as an Oriental palanquin bearer or a modern chautfeur racing through the highways of an American city. With the advent of railroads the public was ruled off the track; Then began our monopolies and our strikes, interrupting land locomotion with mod- ern vehicles. "A study of the history of highways shows that a compre- hensive definition characterizes them as such modifications of the surface of the earth as will enable it fitly to receive that vehicle furnished by the civilization of the era. The path of a nomad and the steel rails of a modern trolley system are inherently a free means of land locomotion. The franchises and special privileges granted to owners of steel highways mark the first overthrow of the right of the public to use the roads. It is interesting in this connection to note that the first charters issued to American rail- roads made it plain tliat the exclusive right to own and operate trains on the highways was denied. The selling of exclusive fran- chises was a later invention of the money kings who made the rail- road era of modern civilization in America. Public Must Own the Track. "The restoration of the highway to the public is the remedy for the evils that come from strikes, because the track is the key that enables the owners of street-car lines to lock out the public and dictate the terms under which men will be hired to operate HISTORICAL 185 ears. Take the track from the magnate, and the giant that makes it possible to block our commerce while he fights with unions is tied and helpless. Abolish private ownership of the rail highway, permit the operation of cars by competing companies, and the problem is solved. "It is clear by all the legal authorities that in temporarily abandoning their right to build railways the state governments merely delegate to their transient agents — the railway companies — the right to carry on a great public necessity. By parity of reason- ing we may substitute city for state, street railway' for steam rail- way, and argue that the frequency of strikes and the paralysis of industry by the stopping of street-car service justify the condemna- tion of the street-car tracks, wires, and power houses under the law of eminent domain. That step once taken nobody could ever again bar the public from its right of locomotion in modern vehi- cles, over modern highways. "The fact that private companies have bought our highways in almost every American city is an evidence that public officers have never clearly understood that cities might have declined to go into the business of operating street-cars and still have retained the absolute right to say who shall operate them, and that none shall prevent their operation so long as anybody owns a car. Even if it be deemed wise to limit the general use of tracks to one or two companies, the right to allow almost unrestricted access dur- ing emergencies should always be retained by the public. "The character of the railway is such as to make it imprac- ticable for everybody to run his own vehicle thereon, but it is possible to permit a limited number of operating companies to compete over a track owned by the public ; it is possible to say that no highway shall ever be sold to anybody or permitted to earn money for any corporation. To preserve the freedom of the masses the highways of every character must be as remote from private ownership as were the wagon roads over which the pioneers crossed the continent in '49. The track itself must forever remain free from the clutch of monopoly." OBITLARY. HALL MCALLISTER. It seems to be the general belief in Cali- fornia that Hall McAllister, all things con- sidered, was the greatest lawyer in all the west, and that we shall not see his like again. He was not the greatest in all regards, but his faculties were so developed, his gifts were so various, that it may be said that he had more of the elements of greatness than any man of his time or since his time possessed. Hall McAllister was born in Georgia in 1826 and came to San Francisco in 1849. He began the practice of the law in August, 1849. He applied himself to his profession with great earnestness. Having a wealthy and indulgent father, he never suffered from poverty or the fear of want. He was courtly, popular, and of an honorable disposition, so his practice grew fast as soon as his abili- ties were known. There was no let-down in that practice until jtist before his death in 1888. He was often consulted by other lawyers. Judge E. D. Sawyer once re- marked that McAllister was equally good in all kinds of cases. John Garber paid him a rare tribute, after his death, by saying he adorned every subject he ever touched, and that his intellectual capacities knew no limit. Though a logical, busy man, he had a vein of humor in argument, in cross-examination, and in his general intercourse with men. His manners were pleasant. He had a habit of taking down all the evidence, or the main points, in his own writing. It seemed to make an impression on his mind, so he could recall it in argument. He was a careful cross-examiner. In the management of a case he was logical, patient, and never rat- tled. He thought and moved fast for a man of his powerful physique, but there was no suggestion of undue haste. He was so polite and courteous that he won court, jury, and witnesses. His intellectual processes were unhampered by hesitation. In achievement he was brilliant. STEPHEN M. WHITE. The Honorable Stc'ijlien M. White is now generally regarded as having been one of the most eminent of California's native sons. His death, on February 21, 1901, in his forty-eighth year, cut short a career of statesmanship, oratory, and fame at the bar that might, under the circumstances of a long life, have made him international fame. The Honorable Stephen M. White was born in San Francisco, January 19, 18.53, his father having been a San Francisco mereliant. White, Senior, however, soon removed to the Pajaro Valley and engaged in farming. The hopeful son thus had much early experience in agricultural pursuits. As he grew older, the boy attended a private school in Santa Cruz County, but his father and his father's sister, both persons of good mind and educa- tion, had much to do with molding the career of tlie brilliant young man. Being a devout Catholic, he went to St. Ignatius College, San Francisco, for a time, then attended Santa Clara College, from which he was graduated in 1871. He was admitted to the bar in 1874. He almost at once removed to Los Angeles, where he soon took a leading place at the bar. Prior to being admitted he had studied and had much experience at Watson- ville and Santa Cruz, so that he was familiar with court practice. He was district attor- ney at Los Angeles from 1883 to 1885, his career there being noted for industry and ability. He soon began to take an active interest in politics, having been a firm Democrat. He campaigned the state several times and at- tracted attention, for he was a close reasoner, a man of pleasing personality, possessed a pow- erful and resonant voice, and a well-trained mind. As set forth elsewhere in this volume, he attracted the favorable attention of Hall McAllister, the eminent lawyer, when he met and defeated that Nestor of the bar in the United States courts in an important case. He was elected United States senator in January, 1893, and served his full term of six years. During his term he fought long, hard, and successfully for the $3,000,000 ap- propriation for the deep-water harbor at San Pedro. Having always taken an active in- terest in the Chamber of Commerce and in civic affairs, he was able to discuss business and economic problems in conjunction with the appropriation. Xo battle ever fought for a cause involv- ing the welfare of California or any part of it was ever more gallantly and ably fought than was Mr. White's long and able conten- tion for this harbor appropriation. After his death there was great sorrow throughout California. Bar associations, the legislature, the mayor of Los Angeles, and the mayors of cities sent telegrams of condo- lence to his bereaved widow, and resolutions of sympathy were adopted by sundry organ- izations. Leaders of the bar in Los Angeles and elsewhere were of the opinion that death had taken the most brilliant lawyer and statesman of California. His mind was ad- mirably equipped for all occasions, and he was wise, tactful, logical, and thoroughly in- formed. He was a many-sided and greatly beloved man. OBITUARY 187 AUGUSTUS LORING HART. One of the remarkable California lawyers of his time was the late Augustus Loring Hart. He was in reality and in the strict- est sense a genius as a lawyer. He was at the same time a profound lawyer and a bril- liant advocate — qualities rarely found com- bined in one person. He was born in the state of Indiana, on the eleventh day of September, 1850, and died at the age of fifty-one years in the city of San Francisco, on the thirtieth day of June, 1901. Accompanied by his father, the late Judge James Hart, of Colusa, and his uncle, Hon. A. L. Rhodes, ex-Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of California, now re- siding at San Jose, the subject of this sketch came to California in the fifties. After graduating from the San Jose Institute, a well-known college of the early days, he took up school-teaching before he had reached the age of his majority by a number of years. He later took up the study of the law under Judge Lawrence Archer, at San Jose, and when twenty-one years of age was admitted to practice law by the Supreme Court. At the age of twenty-four years he was elected on the Republican ticket as Dis- trict Attorney of Colusa County, although that county was then the banner Democratic county of the state. He built up a lucra- tive practice in Colusa and adjoining coun- ties, having been retained on one or the other sides of all the important civil and criminal litigations in the courts of Colusa and neighboring counties until the year 1879, when, at the age of a little over twenty-nine years, he was elected as a Republican Attor- ney-General of California. He was the first Attorney-General elected after the adoption of the Constitution of 1879, and there were many difficult legal problems upon which he was required to give opinions growing out of the radical changes the new organic law had wrought in our system of government. It is a notable fact that the Supreme Court almost invariably supported General Hart's interpretation and construction of the new constitution. Among the important questions handled by the young Attorney-General was the one involving the power of the state, under the new system of railroad taxation inaugurated by the new constitution, to assess such cor- porations through the State Board of Equal- ization. The precise question involved need not be stated here, it being sufficient to ex- plain that the railroad companies took the matter to the United States Supreme Court and the cases there presented were known as the "Railroad Tax Cases." General Hart, in behalf of the state, argued those cases in that court at Washington, and arrayed against him on the other side were the late Roscoe Conkling, of New York, and the late Geo. F. Edmunds, of Vermont. A writer, speaking at the time of General Hart's argu- ment in those cases, said: "So brilliantly did the young lawyer plead his cause that George C. Gorham, in his paper, the 'Washington Republican,' complimented him and recorded the fact that Senators Conkling and Ed- munds and even members of the Supreme Court themselves had spoken in praise of his remarkable effort." Among his notable forensic achievements were his victories in these cases: People v. Jeffries, charged with murder; the felony case against a well-known state officer charged with embezzlement. General Hart demonstrating the innocence of his client in the last mentioned case by showing conclu- sively a conspiracy to fasten upon his client the crime of a deputy in the latter's office; the cases of murder against certain strikers in the railroad strike of 1904, each of his clients having been acquitted in the Superior Court of Yolo County; the celebrated land ease of Paly, Heilbron & Company, involv- ing thousands of acres of land. The trial of the last mentioned case consumed over three months' time, the result being, after the case had been taken through all the state and federal courts, that General Hart secured a judgment finally confirming the title of his clients. General Hart left a widow and three chil- dren- — two sons and a daughter. Mrs. Hart is a daughter of Hon. Wm. Beckman, former State Railroad Commissioner, and now and for many years President of the People's Savings Bank of Sacramento. General Hart's sons, A. L. and Fred B., are graduates of the University of Califor- nia and of Hastings Law School. The first named is practicing law in Sacramento and the last is located in Reno in the practice. General Hart also left surviving him four brothers and four sisters. The brothers are: Judge E. C. Hart, of the Third Appellate Court; T. R. Hart, a practicing attorney in Sacramento; Dr. A. C. Hart, a prominent physician and surgeon of Sacramento and Dr. W. C. Hart, a well-known dentist in the city of San Francisco. JOHN GARBER. After Hall McAllister and Samuel M. Wil- son, .Tohn Garber was by common consent hailed as the leader of the bar of San Francisco. In all-round qualifications, in in- tegrity, oneness of purpose, power of state- ment, and the essentials that make a great lawyer, he was second to none. He was a student of intense habits, given to severe analysis, introspection, and that concentra- tion of mind that really shortened his life. Mr. Garber settled in San Francisco in 1S57, having arrived from Virginia, his native state. 1S8 OBI TV A If Y He practiced in California until 1S70. when he went to Nevada, where he had a brief but brilliant career, being elected a jus- tice of the supreme bench of that state. He resigned after a service that ran for about two years and returned to San Francisco. The firm was for a time Garber & Thornton (Harry Thornton), and Thomas B. Bishop was taken into the firm in ISSU. In 1887 Colonel Thornton withdrew. In 1890 the firm became (Jarber, Boalt & Bishop. In 189.') Mr. Charles S. Wheeler entered the firm. Later the Honorable Eugene R. Garber, who had been a superior judge, became a mem- ber. Then L. M. lloefler, G. C. Earl, and William Rix became associated. The Honor- able Eugene Garber died some years after this association. Mr. Bishop was called by the same power, and then the head of the firm answered the same summons. By several test votes it was the almost unanimous opinion of the bar of the state that ex-Judge John R. Garber was the great- est lawyer in California. In forensic discus- sion he exhibited uniform strength and clear- ness, never seeking spectacular methods. He had read all the great decisions, mastered the text-books, and had a legal mind seldom equaled among lawyers. He was sincere, and his life was an example of courtesy and personal honor. He was born at Staunton, A'irginia, and had the training of an engineer. He excelled in logic and mathematics, so when he essayed the law his powers of reason- ing were well matured. As a mining and corporation lawyer he had few equals in the world. He was also famous as a cross-exam- iner, and his speeches read like text-books. WILLIAM T. WALLACE. Honorable William T. ^Yallaee, who was long one of the foremost lawyers of Califor- nia, was born at Lexington, Kentucky, on March 22, 1828, and died when well beyond eighty years of age. He came to California in 18.50, settling at San Jose, where he mar- ried a daughter of Governor Peter Burnett. During his long career he was prominent as District Attorney, Attorney-General, Superior Judge, Justice of the Supreme Court, of which he was also Chief Justice, and as a member of the San Francisco Board of Police Commissioners. When Mr. Wallace arrived in California he was in poor health, suffering from tubercu- losis, being a thin, pale young man. He grew, however, to be a man of tremendous size and robust health. He was a hard worker, profoundly acquainted with law, his- tory, and the world at large. His greatest fame probably rests on his career as Superior Judge in San Francisco, which was long after he had been on the su|)renie bench. He had charge for many years of the criminal de- jiartmcnt and was a terror to evil-doers. It was his custom to sentence burglars and foot- |)ads to terms as long as the law allowed — forty years or more. During his incumbency, word wmt round the world that San Fran- cisco was a dangerous town for criminals and there was a dearth of crime. He was a thorough believer in the deter- rent effect of caj)ital punishment and had no ])atience with maudlin ideas regarding crim- inals. In sentencing desperate criminals to be hanged he often gave them terrible lec- tures on the awfulncss of their deeds, then calmly, firmly consigned them to the gallows without a qualm of conscience or any senti- mental regret, feeling that he had performed his duty honorably. He was Attorney-General from 1856 until 18.jS, Justice of the Supreme Court from 1870 until 1880, being Chief Justice for six years, the longest period of any other incumbent except Justice Beatty. W. H. L. BAENES. W. H. L. Barnes, a man of large physique, classical education, splendid abilities, and wide experience the world over, was certainly for many years one of the great lawyers of San Francisco — possibly ranking with McAl- lister, Wilson, and others in some of their strong points, and outranking them for elo- quence. He had a superb voice, a varied vocabulary, and a grace that was all his own in forensic effort. He was born at West Point, New York, in February, 1836. his father having been an officer of the regular army. William H. L. Barnes was educated at Yale and was graduated in 18.3.3. He stud- ied law at Springfield, Massachusetts, with the Honorable Reuben A. Chapman, who later became Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Massachusetts. Before completing his legal studies he joined a Xew York law firm. He later formed a law partnership with Jo- seph H. Choate, who later became ambassa- dor to the court of St. James. When the war broke out he entered the army. Con- tracting illness he left and came to California in 1863. He joined with the Honorable Eugene Casserly, and they were associated in business until 1869, when Mr. Casserly be- came United States senator. During many years succreiling he had a great law practice. He broke the Horace Hawes will, won honor in the Crusader cases, and was prominent in many of the great causes of his day. He was a versatile man, and when the Mercan- tile Library was once in financial trouble he appeared as the heroic figure in "Roseular rights. He not only opposed tiie Constitution in the Convention, but went before the people on the same mission. In 1882 he was appointed .Judge of the Superior Court of Sacramento County, In 1884 he was nominated for the ensuing term, being elected by a large majority. In 1886 he was elected as Justice of the Supreme Court. After serving his full term of twelve years, he was elected for a second term of the same length. Although formerly a Whig he be- came an ardent Republican and took a j>romi- nent part in the politics of his party. He was a hard worker, a man of literary qualifi- cations, and a splendid raconteur. His many opinions, scattered throughout the California reports during his term of office, are vigorous ami clearly written. .Justice McFarland wrote many literary papers and was often heard on the rostrum as a lecturer. In pri- vate conversation he was witty, full of rem- iniscences, and fond of telling of the customs and people of early California. He and Will- iam H. Mills, for many years land agent of the Central Pacific, were great friends, and used to talk for hours of old times. WILLIAM T. BAGGETT. W^illiam T. Baggett, a slight, wiry man of southern accent and manners, was unique among lawyers. He followed journalism for some years after he had been a practicing lawyer, and even almost until the time of his death he was part owner of a law journal. He was born on December 16, 1850, in Missis- sippi. After receiving a good common school education he took up the classics and the law, and was admitted to tlie bar in Tennessee in 1863. Hearing the call of the west, and hav- ing some friends in San Francisco, he made it his home in 1877 and lived there until his death. In 1878 he issued the Pacific Coast Law .Journal, and the year thereafter the Law .Journal, in association with Messrs. Schofield and Stockwell. In a few years from that time, in addition to his Jjaw .Jour- nal work, he was the editor of the "Daily Examiner" of San Francisco. He was also part owner of that paper. By 1883 Mr. Bag- gett began to apply himself to the practice of the law, which profession he liked and at which he was successful. He was con- nected with some cases of great importance, either alone or in conjunction with others. He was always deemed a scholarly, careful practitioner. He was a far-sighted man. a good judge of human nature, and thoroughly familiar with the technical points that often arise in great cases. His briefs were remark- ablv clear and exhaustive. He excelled in OBITUARY 191 mining cases, and obtained one of the great- est judgments, in money value, ever recorded in California, in the Noreross case, the title of which was Fox v. Levy. He was one of the best known lawyers of his day, although a modest, retiring man. JOHN H. BOALT. Honorable John H. Boalt, who became a noted lawyer at the San Francisco bar, was born at Norwalk, Ohio, on May 29, 1837. He was graduated from Amherst College and de- cided early in life that he would make mechanical and mining engineering his pro- fession. He was a hard student, full of am- bition, so he went to Heidelberg, Germany, and spent two years at the famous Frieburg Mining School. After completing his educa- tion at these institutions he spent some months in traveling throughout Europe, hav- ing m mind the perfection of his knowledge of his profession before returning to Amer- ica. After returning to the United States he selected Nevada as the scene of his activities, but it was not long before mining engineer- ing lost its attraction for him. He longed to get into what seemed to him the wider and more interesting field of the law, which proved to be the vocation of his life. His knowledge of mining and mechanical engineer- ing was of inestimable value to him in many intricate suits involving such matters. He not only began the practice of the law in Nevada, but early in his career filled an un- expired term as judge. He was soon re- garded as a man of wonderful learning. He came to San Francisco in 1871 and soon formed a law partnership with M. M. Estee, which existed until 1879. He then retired for two years and traveled with his family in Europe. He opened an office alone on his return. In 1879 he formed a partnership with John Garber and Thomas B. Bishop. This firm was regarded as one of the strong- est firms in the west. Mr. Boalt was a man of fine disposition and striking appearance. He was fond of discussing economic ques- tions, Chinese immigration, and similar prob- lems, but devoted himself quite assiduously to the practice of the law with the firm that always had a large clientage. R. P. CLEMENT. R. P. Clement, who was long a prominent lawyer and somewhat active in politics and civic affairs, came to California in 18.53. He was in partnership with others for a time, but practiced much of the time alone. He began his western career with considerable success at Virginia City, where he prospered during the flush times of the Washoe. He was in partnership there with Dighton Cor- son, a prominent attorney and afterward a Justice of the Supreme Court of South Dakota. His San Francisco career was a long and suc- cessful one, however, and he was in reality one of the strenuous fathers of the Golden Gate Park idea. He was a member of the Board of Supervisors and took an active part in everything that forwarded the interests of the park. As a lawyer he was prominent in his service for the San Francisco Gas Light Company for eighteen years, following Gov- ernor Haight in that office. In politics, busi- ness, and every other relation of life he was a clean, progressive citizen. He was born in New York, in 1826, Perhaps his chief fame will be his record in the matter of Golden Gate Park. He hammered for many years on the idea of an expansion of Golden Gate Park to the ocean. The two-hundred foot boulevard was his idea. He was also a great friend of the public school system, and in fcivor of giving San Francisco one of the best public school departments in the Union. ANTON MORGENTHAL. Anton Morgenthal, who was born in Sax- ony, Prussia, in 1850, came to the United States in 1871 and to California in 1879. He was educated at Hamburg, Germany, St. Louis, Missouri, and the Hastings Law Col- lege, San Francisco. After completing his law course he was admitted by the Supreme Court. His professional career was one of great activity from the start. He had a large library and maintained excellent offices in the Flood Building. He was a man of quiet habits and sincere nature. He was a member of several clubs, and American Legion of Honor. WILLIAM M. PIERSON. William M. Pierson, a prominent lawyer in San Francisco for some years, devoted much of his attention to the study of literature and science. He was deemed one of the ablest amateur astronomers in the United States and often lectured on that subject. Not only did he deliver lectures on the popular phases of astronomy, but he wrote papers for tech- nical journals on the more recondite forms of the science. He was admitted to the bar in 1862, and after a well-sustained practice for thirty-eight years he was still in his prime, battling hard for a large number of clients. He was born in Cincinnati, February 3, 1842. His parents were Joseph D. and Catherine (Taylor) Pierson. His childhood was passed in New York City, but in his tenth year he went with his parents to California, via Cape Horn, landing in San Francisco July 4, 1852. He studied law in the offices of Nathaniel Bennett, Annis Merrill, and Henry H. Haight. He formed a partnership with Mr. Haight and this continued until the latter became governor, in 1867. Mr. Pierson dabbled in politics for a time, serving as a senator from 192 11 1 T U A I! Y San Francisco from lS7o until 1S7S. The political game, however, was never to his liking. His most important case, perhaps, was one that involved the estate of Senator James G. Fair, also some large bank cases. He i)racticed law for a few years with Rob- ert Brant Mitchell, who afterward became a broker. HENRY E. HIGHTON. Henry K. Jligliton was one of the remark- able lawyers of San Francisco for a long period of years, during which he was en- gaged in some of the most important cases ever tried in California. Mr. Highton was born in England, but he became one of the pioneer lawyers of San Francisco, using the word as applying to those of the early fifties as well as to the '49ers. He was born in Liverpool. England, in 1886, and much of his early training was obtained in that country and city. He began his legal studies under his father. an eminent man. The foundation was well laid, thoroughness being the prime essential. Although the elder Highton was never a lawyer, yet he was a man of vast experience and broad education, so he saw that the training was perfect. Father and son settled in Wisconsin when the boy was ten years of age, but the two came west in 1849. where the young man followed mining for six years. His experiences in the mines jiroved of inesti- mable value to him in later years in many suits involving definite knowledge of mines. He located in San Francisco in 1856, being then only twenty-one years old. He served as a newspaper reporter for a time, under Frank Soule. Later he devoted himself to the study of the law and was admitted to the bar in 1860. He was associated for a time with Oscar L. Shaffer, after which he went to Sonoma for a time. He soon returned to San Francisco and was successful during a long career. He was not a specialist, but a suc- cessful lawyer in all-round lines, even in criminal law. He preferred intricate com- mercial cases and once kept books for three years in order to learn the intricacies of the business world. Delos Lake once said that a legal opinion bearing Highton's name had as much weight with him as a closely reasoned opinion of the Supreme Court. He often wrote briefs for other lawyers. It was he who successfully defended Isaac M. Kal- loch, who killed Charles De Young. He also successfully defended A. B. Spreckels, who shot and wounded M. H. De Young, of the "Chronicle." He was also successful in win- ning a great case wherein a man of the name Hayes had been arrested for assaulting Den- nis Kearney, the noted sandlotter. His argu- ment in the case was ingenious and attracted world-wide attention. He was engaged in scores of the most important civil trials dur- ing his time — the Blythe case, and many other will contests and business suits. REUBEN H. LLOYD. Reuben H. Lloyd was a typical American, although born in Ireland. He came to Cali- fornia when a young man, in 1850, and be- came identified with large interests, both legal and social, before he ended his long career of industrious labor. The law was his jealous mistress, for he never married. At one time he held the highest post in Masonry in the United States. He was educated in San Francisco. In 1857-58 he studied law with McDougall & Sharp and was admitted in 1859. McDougall withdrew from the firm when he became United States senator and Sharp & Lloyd continued to practice together, until the spring of 1S76. Mr. Sharp did not long survive, and Lloyd became associated with Francis G. Xewlands, the firm being Lloyd. Xewlands & Wood. When Mr. New- lands removed to Nevada the firm of Lloyd and Wood continued for many years — in fact, until the death of Mr. Wood. He prospered in business and died leaving a comfortable fortune, most of it to friends, charities, and fraternal orders of which he had been a mem- ber. He never used tobacco and never touched any kind of liquor in his life. He never changed his office but twice in more than forty-five years. He retained his resi- dence at 1010 Folsom Street, where his mother had lived with him and where he had grown to manhood, although he could have bought valuable jiroperty elsewhere. He was a hard worker, possessed a large library, and was deemed one of the cleverest members of the bar in his dav. ANNIS MERRILL. Annis Merrill was one of the patriarchs of the California bar, although he was ex- cessively modest when it came to assuming any such distinction. He was born on Sep- tember 9, 1810, and was hale and hearty, with much keen appreciation of the world and its affairs, at the age of ninety, which was in 1900, although he lived for several years after that date. It seems odd to write that he had almost retired from business in 1866, although he often took a sort of active interest in cases with the Honorable Eugene Casserly and others at that time. His career was in many ways remarkable. From 1836 till 1842 he was a professor of Latin and Greek in an Illinois college. He came to San Francisco in 1849 and used to say he earned and obtained $20,000 that very year. He was a friend and adviser of the famous William Sharon, whom he declared was always a misunderstood man. honest, and the foe of all sorts of hypocrisy. Sharon once had OBI TV A R Y l\r.\ desk-room in Mr. Merrill's law office. Mr. Merrill was noted for clear reasoning and hard analytical work in a case. He was es- sentially a principle lawyer of the Daniel Webstej class, having less respect than most of his brethren for the doctrine of stare decisis. He believed in thorough prepara- tion and in integrity, which latter attribute he held essential to any real success at the bar. In his life and character he was an example of an able and honest man wlio ever held the profession in high regard. CHAKLES N. FOX. Honorable Charles Nelson Fox, who was a Justice of the Supreme Court of California in 1889-90, was born in Michigan in March, 1829. His parents were poor and he had to work hard and study after his labors in order to get his first ideas of the rudiments of education. He had to walk two or three miles to the little sehoolhouse where he first studied. He divided his time between school life and farm work until he was fifteen years of age, as was common in his age and locality. He went to Ann Arbor University at an early age, determined to struggle hard to work his way through the institution. The only course opened to him was a classical one. He pursued it for two years, became ill, and abandoned it. He then went into a printing office, learned the trade, and finally became a country editor. General Lewis Cass took an interest in him, and through his advice young Fox became a public speaker for the Democratic party. This was m 1848. At the age of twenty-one he was made Chief Deputy in the office of Recorder of Deeds at Ann Arbor. He was later elected City Eecorder and served as ex-officio Mayor for a short time. Later he began the study of law, being employed for a time by the Bradstreet Commercial Agency. He was admitted to the bar in 1856. In 1857 he followed his family to California and settled near San Mateo. He soon became attorney for the San Francisco and San Jose Eailroad Company. He was also retained for the people against the Spring Valley Water Company in its fight to get a foothold in San Mateo County. Later he gave consider- able attention to criminal law. He was one time district attorney of the county. He declined to be a judge of the old district court. He was a member of the legislature during the first session after the adoption of the new constitution, and was a member of the Judiciary Committee of that body, and of this he was chairman. It was a hard job and he devoted much time to it. Every measure that he declared unconstitutional was afterward declared to be so. His work on the Supreme bench during his brief ap- pointive term was characterized by tireless W'Ork. Fi)r twentv-five years before he became a justice he held his office in San Francisco. He was regarded as the ablest constitutional lawyer on the bench and in the state because of his unerring foresight. He seemed to know just how courts would rule. MILTON A. WHEATON. Milton A. "Wheaton, who was famous as a patent attorney for more than a third of a century, where he made a record in San Francisco, was born in New York, in 1830. He received his education in his native county and at Hamilton College, graduating in 185i. He lost his father when he was less than eight years of age. He left college in order to accompany an uncle to California, arriv- ing in San Francisco, by way of Panama, in 1853. He began his career as a wood- chopper for a steam mill. He teamed, freighted, and did all sorts of odd jobs until the fall of 1855, when he began the study of the law in earnest, at Sacramento, in the office of Carter & Hartley. He began the practice of his profession at Suisun, in 1857. He remained there and handled a general business — largely land titles, however — for eight years. His fame as a land lawyer was very great, but he abandoned that for patent law, having a mechanical turn of mind. In fact, he himself patented a can- heading machine, from which he realized $20,000. He began his career in San Fran- cisco in 1865. Almost at once he devoted himself to patent law practice. He won earlv fame in that line of cases and, in the busiest days of his career, was often called into cases over all the United States. His famous Spaulding Saw Cases were for a time the most remarkable in the courts, and he won against some of the ablest men in the country — men like Hall McAllister. In some of "the greatest patent suits of his day he won victories alone, over strong competitors. In his later years he was in partnership with I. M. Kalloch, son of Isaac S. Kalloch, once mayor of San Francisco. JAMES T. BOYD. James T. Boyd, who was prominent as a leading lawyer of San Francisco for more than fifty years, was born in New York City in November, 1825. After studying his pro- fession in the east for a few years he came to California in 1851 and w^as admitted to the bar soon thereafter. He joined the old firm of Janes & Noyes, of San Francisco, making titles to real property his specialty. In 1854 the firm of Janes, Noyes, Barber & Boyd was formed, followed by Janes, Lake & Boyd, then by Boyd & Morrison, and later by Crane & Boyd. Then there came Mc- Cullough & Boyd, then Cope & Boyd, Fifield being added later. Mr. Boyd, like his friend ]94 oniTiAh-y Reuben H. LUnd. luver married. He ac- quired a comfortable fortune in real estate litigation, probate matters, and kindred lines. He was regarded as a master in his day. WILLIAM H. FIFIELD. William H. Fifield, who was for many years associated with the best lawyers in San Francisco, was born in Jackson County, Michigan, in 1843. He was graduated from Ann Arbor in I860, after which he followed his profession at Jackson, Michigan, where he studied and practiced in a small way with Honorable Austin Blair, war governor of the state. He attended the Ann Arbor Law School after this experience. He came to California over the Isthmus, in 1868, opened a law office in San Francisco that autumn, and followed his profession until he died. He was president of the San Fran- cisco Bar Association in 1S9«: and 1S99. JAMES WILLIAM TAGGART. Born February 24, 1859, in Parkersburg, Virginia. Son of George W. and Eliza (Hines) Taggart. Married June 15, 1887, to Katherine E. Payne. Educated in the public schools of Virginia and West Virginia College. Moved to California 1881 and was admitted to the bar of this state in 1885. He was for several years Judge of the Su- perior Court of Santa Barbara. At the time of his death in July, 1910, he was Associate Justice of the District Court of Appeals for the Second District of California. He was prominent in lodge affairs, being a mem- ber of the Masonic order. Knights of Pythias, and B. P. O, E. He was for some time in- structor and lecturer in the College of Law of the University of Southern California. DAVID PATTERSON HATCH. Born November 22, 1846, in Dresden, Maine. Son of Eben and Margaret F. (Patterson) Hatch. Married in 1874 to Ida Stilphin. Graduated from Maine Wesleyan Seminary and Female College in 1871; University of Michigan Law School in 1871-72. Admitted to the bar of Minnesota in 1872, and prac- ticed in that state until he moved to Cali- fornia in 1875. Elected District Attorney of Otter Tail County, Minnesota, in 1874. Ap- pointed Judge of Santa Barbara County, California, in 1880 and re-elected to that office in 1884 and again in 1886. During the latter term he resigned and moved to Los Angeles to engage in the general practice of his profession. At the time of his death in Februarv, 1912. he was in partnership with W. E. Lloyd and F. L. Hunt. He was the author of "Scientific Occultism," a text-book of the Christian Hermic philosophers, "The Blood of the Gods,'' a book on temperance, and several others. His writing displayed broad learning, diligence in the accumulation of material, and skill in construction and arrangement. As a .iudge he was character- ized by an earnest elesire to render, justice, and by reason of ability and integrity, he commanded the respect and admiration of the community. PERCY RIPLEY WILSON. Born February 2u, 1^54, in Athens, Ohio. Son of Horace and Caroline A. (Hunt) Wil- son. Married in March, 1880, to Emily Alice Sandes. He was a graduate of Michigan University, and attended University of Leip- sic (Germany), 1877-79. Admitted to bar of Ohio in 1S75 and California in 1"^S4. Moved to California in 1SS2. From 1SS6 to 1900 he was in partnership with Robert X. Bulla. From 1900 to the time of his death, on De- cember 30, 1909, he practiced alone. En- dowed with mental faculties of unusual grasp and acuteness, strong power of analysis and clearness of conception, he was fit to cope with the most complicated legal prob- lems. Although his powers were great and his prospects of distinction bright, he will be best remembered for those qualities of the heart which endeared him to his friends. Association with him was a privilege, which inspired the mind, cheered and gladdened the heart. FRANK GARRETT. Born September 14. 1869, in Leavenworth, Kansas. Son of Robert and Mary Ellen (Cobb) Garrett. Married November 16, 1899, to Sara G. Dickenson. Graduated from Hamilton College in 1892 with degree of A.B., and received his law degree from University OBITUARY 195 of Michigan in 1895. Moved to Los Angeles in 1895 and was at that time admitted to the bar of this state. Mr. Garrett was in partnership with Walter F. Haas, under the firm name of Haas & Garrett, for a number of years, and at the time of his death, which occurred April 23, 1911, he was a member of the firm of Haas, Garrett & Dunnigan. He was a member of the Masonic fraternity, and au active member of the Los Angeles County Bar Association. EDGAR EUGENE SELPH. Born December 3, 1860, in Salem, Oregon. Son of William and Julia Cvnthia (Chitwood) Selph. Married October 31", 1886, to Lulu B. Gwinn. Educated in the public schools of Oregon. Attended McMinnville College from 1880 to 1885. Admitted to the bar of Oregon in 1890 and California in 1897. Moved to California in 1896 and engaged in the gen- eral practice of law in Los Angeles, specializ- ing in mining law. Deputy Attorney-General from 1906 to 1907. This office he resigned in the latter year to accejat the office of Justice of Peace, which position he held up to the time of his death on February 10, 1909. Mr. Selph was a prominent member of the Masonic order and took an active part in all civic affairs. He was one of the organ- izers of the Los Angeles Temple Baptist Church. PHILIP G. GALPIN. Mr. Galpin was born in Buffalo, Xew York, February 3, 1830. At the age of five years Philip changed his name, on his own motion, from Philip Galpin Gleason to Philip Gleason Galpin; and from that time on resided with his uncle and was brought up by him as his son. Mr. Galpin graduated from Yale in the class of 1849, entered Yale Law School, studied in the office of Charles E. Ingersoll and that of Henry B. Harrison, afterward Governor of Connecticut, and was admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of that state in 1852. He removed to Ohio and began practice at Findley. Two years after, on a visit to New York, he was offered a jiart- nership by Eobert G. Pike, which he accepted, and remained in practice for some years in the firm of Pike & Galpin in Wall Street. He came to California on business of that firm in 1857, and remained here for two years to argue a case on behalf of the heirs of Franklin C. Gray, on appeal to the Su- preme Court, known as Gray v. Pnlmer in the Ninth District of California. Winning this, he returned to his jDartner in New York. He again temporarily returned here in 1861. In 1865 Mr. Galpin again reappeared temporarily in California, being still engaged in practice in New York, and brought several suits for the heirs of John Hall of Philadelphia, who claimed large tracts of San Francisco. In 1S6S Mr. Galpin traveled in Europe, and then resumed practice in Wall Street. In the year 1875 he came to California to remain, having on previous occasions continued his residence and business in New York. Since 1875 he has tried numerous cases, some of which will be found in almost every volume of the Supreme Court Reports of this state. After a residence here of one year, his first partnership was formed with John B. Har- mon. This lasted until 1881, when the strong, leading combination was begun by John T. Doyle, William Barber, Mr. Galpin and H. D. Scripture, under the style of Doyle, Bar- ber, Galpin & Scripture. CREED RAYMOND. Mr. Haymond was born in Beverly, Ran- dolph County, Virginia (now West Virginia), April 22, 1836. He came to California in 1852. Soon after arriving in this state, in 1852, being possessed of some means, he en- gaged in mining, packing, merchandising and ditching, on a large scale, in the northern part of Sierra County. For a year and a half he carried Wells, Fargo & Co.'s mails. He con- tinued in business until 1859, when he entered into the study and practice of the law with Honorable James A. Johnson, afterward Lieu- tenant-Governor of this state, and Judge Alexander W. Baldwin, afterward United States District Judge of Nevada. In the legal profession his upward flight was re- markable, carrying him to the highest point then achievable within the first year of his new life. The position thus early gained he never lost. His reputation widened as time passed by, until it became more than na- tional. His later arguments, especially, deal- ing as most of thenl did with the broadest questions of constitutional law, engaged the study of lawyers and statesmen in every part of the world. Mr. Haymond was for a long time Colonel of the First Artillery Regiment, National Guard of California. He was Captain of the Sierra Grays, a Sierra County militia com- pany, and took his command into service in the spring of 1860, under Colonel Jack Hays, against the Indians of Nevada, after the Pyramid Lake massacre. In this cam- paign against the Indians, Captain Haymond was lightly wounded. Two severe battles were fought; one on the Truckee, and the other on the Carson, below Wadsworth. This broke the power of Chief Winnemucca. Mr. Haymond was appointed tide land com- missioner by Governor Haight, to settle ques- tions as to the tide lands of San Francisco, but did not serve, and L. L. Bullock was ap- pointed in his stead. He served two sessions in the state Senate, being elected in 1875 from Sacramento Countv. In that bodv he 19(3 () 111 r r A /.' y achieved ilistinction .-is a s|it'al\er and \v than hx-al. He was born at Hatcsville, Arkansas, Mardi 6, 1842. His early education was received at private schools of his native town. He studied law alone, without assistance or in struction, while acting as Deputy Sheriff of Lassen County. He came to California in 18;'59. He served for a time as Deputy Sheriff of Lassen County, was Judge of the County Court of that county from ]87(l to 1872," was admitted to practice in the District Court in 1872 and in the Supreme Court in 1876. He removed to Los Angeles in 1878, where he practiced law until the time of his death. His mental equipment contained every faculty essential to professional success. Thoroughly grounded in principles, he was eipially well versed in i)recedents. He was not a "case lawyer." Kvery (picstion j>re- scnted to him was first considered, and the results of his studies classified, according to general rules, and his opinion or argument illustrated and fortified by citation of de- cided cases, lilessed with a memory of re- markable retentiveness, he had at command an apparently exhaustless supjtly of j.rinci- ples and ])rccedents. The facts of his cases were thoroughly un- derstood, carefully analyzed, grouped in logical order. His arguments were simple and direct. Never losing sight of the ques- tiiin und(M- discussion, never straying from tlie jiatli, nor led astray by minor questions, he jiroceeded directly to his point. Each proposition was developed, and its relation to the main question made to appear. Opponents' arguments were met fairly and without evasion. His characteristic methoassages, not intended for effect, but employed as the appropriate vehicles of his thought, dis- OBITUARY 197 played an English style formed by a critical knowledge of the classics. Although at his best when arguing ques- tions of law, he was almost equally powerful before juries. Not claiming the oratorical graces which are supposed to be most ef- fective with jurors, he impressed them by his sound common sense, power of reasoning, and force of character. A careful, conservative counselor, a skill- ful draughtsman of business papers, his work as an "oflfice lawyer" was of the same high character as his forensic achievements. Every matter presented, whether involving litigation or not, received the most careful thought. In the examination of witnesses he was skillful, his questions being adapted to elicit- ing the information desired, and not compli- cated or confusing. In cross-examination he was fair, not in- dulging in "bullying'' tactics, nor asking un- necessary questions for the mere sake of con- fusing a witness. His objections to questions were stated with clearness and precision. He did not make numerous objections, and his objections were made upon what he considered valid grounds, and not for the purpose of embar- rassing opponent or witness, or confusing court or jury. CHARLES A. TUTTLE. Charles A. Tuttle was born in Genessee County, New York, November 10, 1818. He attended Hobart College at Geneva, belonging to the class of 1844. He moved to Milwaukee, Wisconsin, in 1845, and was admitted to the bar in that year, and practiced his profes- sion there until earlv in 1849. In the same year he left Milwaukee with a party of iive, and arrived in Placer County, California, in October, 1849. Mr. Tuttle engaged in min- ing on the American Eiver, and after about a year, returned to Milwaukee, and in 1851 came back to California with Mrs. Tuttle. After making an unsuccessful attempt at merchandising, he opened a law office at Michigan Bluflf, in 1853. Leland Stanford was the Justice of the Peace of that place at that time. In 1856 Mr. Tuttle moved to Auburn, the county seat. In 1853 he was elected a member of the state Senate, and represented Placer County during the first memorable Gwin-Broderick contest. He became a Republican almost at the organization of the party. He was chair- man of the Republican state convention held in 1859, and was an elector on the Republican ticket for 1860, and as such stumped the state. In 1863 he was appointed Reporter of the Supreme Court, and held this office until 1867. He was afterward appointed as one of the commissioners on the revision of the codes, in company witli Sidney L. Johnson. He de- clined an appointment to the bench, and also as a regent of the University of California. In 1867 he was elected a member of the Assembly, and served in the session of 1867- 68. In 1871 he was reappointed as Reporter of the Supreme Court. Mr. Tuttle's industri- ous life ended in 1888 at Auburn. His name is indissolubly connected with the history of the state. He was a man of the strictest in- tegrity and absolutely fearless in the defense of what he believed to be right. He was not an eloquent talker, but was possessed of a wonderful reasoning faculty. He was always interesting because of his earnestness and sincerity. His logic was of the very best. He was a student, and had the faculty of communicating to others the results of his researches. He was particularly kind and encouraging to young practitioners, and there are many able lawyers who will always have a kindly remembrance of Charles A. Tuttle. CLARENCE R. GREATHOUSE. General Clarence R. Greathouse, practically prime minister for many years of the king- dom of Corea, resided ancT practiced law in San Francisco from 1870 to 1S86. He was associateel first with Louis T. Haggin, son of' James B. Haggin, then with William M. Stewart, next with Gordon Blanding, and from 1881 to 1884 with Mr. Blanding and Honorable Wm. T. Wallace. He was an editorial writer on the "Examiner" in 1885- 86. In 1886 he went to Yokohama, under ap- pointment of President Cleveland, as United States Consul-General for Japan. At the close of his four vears' term in that office, 198 OBI Tl'A RY the Corean government secured his services as foreign adviser. He achieved a high repu- tation for wisdom in council during the troubles that afterward afflicted that country. Rev. George Heber Jones, a missionary in Corea. said in an interview with the San Francisco "Call" of March 31, ISt)?, that Cien- eral Greathouse had been instrumental in in- troducing judicial reforms in that country which put an end to a long era of corruption and cruelty. General Greathouse was a near relative of Lloyd Tevis. He registered as a voter in San Francisco on August 8, 1871, as a native of Kentucky, then aged twenty-seven years. He died in the Corean capital, la- mented V)v the king and people, on the 21st of October, 1899. EDWARD J. PRINGLE. When it is said that Kdward .1. Pringle, a man of character and knowledge, began the practice of the law in San Francisco in 1854, it may be surmised that he was an influential figure at the bar. Mr. Pringle was born in South Carolina in 1826 and was graduated from Harvard in 1845, Following his grailuation he traveled abroad for a few years, then came to California, where he formed a partnership with John B. Felton and A. C. Whitcomb. This association con- tinued until 18(34. In later years he was as- sociated with Robert Y. Hayne until the latter went on the bench. Mr. Pringle went far into the study of Spanish and Mexican land grants and came to be an authority on that subject. He had been appointed a commis- sioner of the Supreme Court only a few months before his death, which occurred on April 21, 1899. EDWARD EVERETT POWERS. Mr. Powers was born December 2, 18o9, in Winnischiek County, Iowa. Son of John Emory and Ruth Ann (King) Powers. Moved to California in 187U. Married December 31, 1886, to Clara Hoeber. Educated in the high school of Quincy, Plumas County, California. Attended Hastings Law School, from wiiich he received degree of LL. B. in 1886. Admitted to the bar of California in 1886; later to the United States Circuit and District Courts. Commenced to practice his i)rofession in Los Angeles, alone, until 1901, when he formed partnership with C. F. Holland, under the firm name of Powers & Holland, which continued until his lamented death in April, 1912. Member of the Board of Education of Los Angeles, 1889-91. WILLIAM S. DAY. Born March 14, 1848, in Smith County, Tennessee. Son of Hcnrv D. and Martha W. (Kerley) Day. Married August 20, 1876, to Helen A. Frick. Educated in the common schools of Illinois, and in seminaries at Jones- boro and Carbondale, Illinois; later receive*) legal education in the same state. Ad- mitted to the bar of Illinois, by the Supreme Court, June, 1874. Member of the Illinois legislature, 1886-87, Admitted to the United States Suj)reme Court of the state of Illinois in 1882. Moved to California in 1887, and was admitted to the bar of that state in that year. In 1896 was appointed Superior Judge of Santa Barbara, and elected to that office in 1898. Elected District Attorney of Santa Barbara in 19(i6, and continued the practice of his profession in that city until his death, which occurred February, 1012. He was a member of the Masonic, T. O. O. F. and P.. P. O. E. fraternities. GEORGE STROTHER HUPP. Moving to California in 1850, Mr. Hupp commenced the practice of his profession in White Pine, Nevada, where he gained con- siderable fame, in partnership with John Graber, in the able way in which he handled some of the largest mining cases in that vicinity, and where he continued in the prac- tice until 1866, when he moved to Nevada City and practiced alone. After a period of two years he removed to Los Angeles, and remained active until his lamented death, which occurred in 1884. He was a man of considerable eloepieuee, and was much sought after, having the reputation of being one of the best autliorities on mining law. J. W. P. LAIRD. Born in Mt. Carroll, Illinois, in May, 1844, lie received his education in the common schools of his native state, moving to Cali- fornia in 1851, where he later commenced the study of the profession in which he was destined to spend his life. He was admitted to the practice in Inyo County in ISSO, anel shortly thereafter was elected District At- torney of that county, serving with con- siderable credit until 1887, when he was ai)pointed Registrar of the United States Land Office in Indei)ondence. He continued in that office until 1901, when he was elected to the California legislature. In 1903 he was elected District Attorney of Kern County and was the incumbent of that office until 1910. For man}' years he practiced in Bakersfield, and commanded the respect of all those with whom he became associated, and his death, which occurred on July 29, 1911, was mourned by all those who had ever met him. He was an able lawyer, ])ainstaking, and honorable, and a credit to the profession he had so long graced. OBITUARY 199 JOHN GREENLEAF NORTH. Born September 16, 1855, in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Son of John Wesley and Ann Hen- drix (Loomis) North. Married December 3, 1878, to Augusta C. Nourse. Received his education in the public schools of Minnesota, New York, California, and Tennessee. At- tended high school in Syracuse, New York. Admitted to the bar of California, April 10, 1894, and immediately began the practice of law in Eiverside, where he continued to practice until the time of his death in Lon- don, England, January 9, 1910. Mr. North left for London, England, in December, 1909, to be present at the taking of deposi- tions in the ease of the Bank of California V. Matthew Gage. He was a member of the Natiojial Geographical Association, National Forestry Association, the Los Angeles Bar Association, Commonwealth and Olympic clubs of San Francisco, Sierra Club, Automo- bile Club of Southern California, Southwest Society of Archaeological Institute, Masonic order. Knights Templar, K. of P., Landmarks Club and Sequoia League; two years presi- dent of California and Forest Association. Mr. North was one of the strongest men, in- tellectually and professionally, in Southern California, and a man of great enterprise and business capacity. He was a man possessing the strongest and purest friendship. JOSEPH NAPHTALY. This prominent member of the bar arrived in San Francisco in 1856 and at once began his legal studies, afterward attending Yale. His success, although not great at first, was immediate, and he won a large clientage. He was born at Gostyn, Prussia, in 1842, and was educated at a French gymnasium at Ber- lin. By 1867 he was prospering in the firm of Crockett, Whiting & Naphtaly. Paul Neu- mann joined the firm after Mr. Crockett be- came a member of the Supreme Court. In 1872 the firm was Naphtaly, Friedenrich & Ackerman. The firm made a specialty of land and probate business and represented the sheriff, the public administrator, and .other clients of that character. Mr. Naph- taly was a close reasoner and a hard worker. JUDGE ROBERT ROBINSON. Born May 6, 1818, at Conneaut, Ashtabula County, Ohio. Married November 8, 1840, to Louisa 'Harper, of the same place. Went im- mediately from Conneaut to Aurora, Kane County, Illinois. Licensed as attorney and counselor of law by the Supreme Court of Illinois. In 1846 he moved to Shulsburg, Lafayette County, Wisconsin. Was elected County Clerk, and practiced law there until 1850, "when he crossed the plains to Sacra- mento, California. During the year 1852 he was associated with H. O. Beatty, father of Chief Justice Wm. H. Beatty, in the practice of law. Elected as a Whig a member of the 4th Session of the Assembly from Sacramento Countv. In 1853 he became a member of the firm of Crocker (E. B.), McKune (John II.) & Eobinson (Robert), from which Mc- Kune later retired to become District Judge. In 1858 he was elected and served as County .Tudge of Sacramento County for a term of four years, after which E. B. Crocker and he again formed a copartnership, and continued together (except for a periocl of six months), until the formation of the Central Pacific Rail- road Company, when they w^ere both employed and acted as counsel of said company until the retirement of Crocker, when Judge Robinson 200 (> in T r A h'Y became chief counsel for that company, as well as the Southern Pacific and Contract and Finance Company, and remained in that posi- tion until disabled in 1SS4. In lS(i-J he was appointed Provost Marshal for the Midiile Dis- trict of California by President Abraham Lin- coln, and held the office until it was abolished. Was offered the appointment of United States Circuit Judge by President Johnson, wliich he declined. November 80, istio, was appointed Adjutant-General of California, by Governor K. F. Low, serving as such for six months, when he resigned. He was also appointed by Governor Leland Stanford Commissioner for California, to meet the Commissioner of Xevada for the purpose of establishing the boundary line between California and Xe- vada. Judge Robinson and Judge F. B. Crocker sustained all the burdens of the Cen- tral and Southern Pacific Kailroad Companies in their formation and early legal experi- ences. He was considered one of the ablest lawyers of early California. He was a mem- ber of Sacramento Lodge, A. F. & A. M. and Sacramento Lodge I. O. O. F. He died in San Francisco September 29, 1894. Lamar, Missouri, where he practiced for a number of years, and was also interested in banking and title business. In 1870 he moved to Washington Territory and located in Olympia. He organized and managed the first bank in the Northwest Territory. In 1874 he returned to Missouri on account of impaired health, and in 1886 settled in Los Angeles. He was the father of Russ Avery of the law firm of Avery & French, Los Angeles. In 1868 he married Nellie Townsend Fox. Four children survive him. Mr. Avery took an active part in the business life of this community, having been for a number of years a director in various Vianks. and at the time of his death he was president of the First National Bank of Farniington, New Mexico. He was largely interested in other business enterprises. Was a life member of the Southern California Acaelemy of Sciences, and took a special interest in all movements for civic betterment. He was a man of strong personality, scrupulous integrity, in- flexible honesty, and of unusual keenness of perception and wisdom of judgment. In pol- itics he was a Progressive Republican. WILLIAM H. AVERY. Born in Auburn. Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania. April 1. 1886. Died January 20, 1912. Mr. Avery received his early edu- cation in the country schools for three months each winter and passing his vacation of nine months working on a farm; later he attended oberlin ( (lilege and thereafter became a dis- trict school teacher. Mr. Avery joined the army of Argonauts that marched to Pikes Peak in 18.o9. He commenced the practice of law in Ef- fingham, Illinois, in 1863; later he moved to RICHARD DUNNIGAN. Born August 4, 1852, in St. Marys, Indiana, and the early years of his life were spent on a farm near that city. He obtained a com- mon school education and afterward com- pleted a course in one of the eastern univer- sities. He then began the study of law in the office of Senator Voorhees, in Terre Haute, Indiana, and was admitted to the bar of Indiana in 1867. His health becoming impaired, he removed to Los Angeles in 1883, and practiced contin- uously until the time of his death, .Tune 9, 1905." in that city. In 1896 he formed part- nership with his son, H. L. Dunnigan. Mr. Dunnigan was attorney for many years for tiie estate of Senora Maria Esperitu Leonis. one of the notable estates of South- ern California, over which litigation has been in j-rogress since 1889. He was a man of large jirojierty interests and in politics a slauneh Democrat. He always took an active part in city and state political matters. He was a member of the Catholic Knights of Columbus. He was a great student, and has established a number of principles in Califor- nia law, notable of whicli are "Homestead and Riparian Rights'' and "Statutory Homestead."' H. T. LEE. Died April 3. 1912. Majur Lee had been an important figure in the development of Los Angeles during the last thirty-five years. Wherever he went jirinr to coming here, he won respect and renown. Born in Glen Cove, Long Island, New York, July 28, 1840, he passeel the first sixteen OBITUARY 201 years of his life in acquiring a splendid home education and the instruction which could be obtained from the foremost private schools. He entered Lafayette College, Eas- ton, Pennsylvania, in 1856, graduating with the degree of A.B. in 1860. At the outbreak of the Civil War he was professor of Latin, English and mathematics at Lafayette College. He left his faculty chair and helped to organize a company of lancers. This type of mounted force was found unavailable and the lancers were soon merged into the Fourth New York heavy artillery. Later the regiment served as in- fantry and was in all the terrific battles fought by the Army of the Potomac. He became an aide-de-camp to General Abner Doubleday and shared with his chief the dangers of the battle of Gettysburg. Aide-de-Camp Lee went back to his old regi- ment at the close of the war and was later mustered out with the rank of major. He entered Columbia Law School, New York City, receiving his LL.B. in 1869. He practiced law in New York until 1876, and just before he came to California married Miss Josephine Mason Moir. He settled in Los Angeles in 1877. For many years he was prominent in church and charitable organization work, being chan- cellor of the Episcopal Church for the diocese of Los Angeles. He formed a law partner- ship with J. R. Scott under the firm name of Lee & Scott. Later the firm name was Lee, Scott & Chase. They were special coun- sel for the city of Los Angeles in the long water litigation and became widely known authorities orr water law. GILBERT DWIGHT MUNSON. Gilbert Dwight Munson, the oldest son of Colonel Horace D. Munson, was born in God- frey, Marion County, Illinois, September 26, 1840. In 1846 his parents removed to Zanes- ville, Ohio, where he was educated in the public schools, certificated as a teacher at the age of seventeen, taught school and be- gair the study of law. At the beginning of the Civil War he en- listed as a private soldier in the Fifteenth Ohio Volunteer Infantry, and took part in many battles and campaigns during the war, took part in the final grand review at Wash- ington, and by frequent promotions attained the official rank of colonel. At the close of the war he returned to Zanesville, resumed his law studies, attended the law school of Columbia University, and was admitted to the Ohio bar in 1867. From the latter date to 1894 he was actively engaged in the prac- tice of law in the courts of Muskingum and adjoining counties, and, from 1894 to 1899, served as Common Pleas Judge in the Eighth Ohio .Judicial District. In 1900 he removed to Los Angeles, Cali- fornia, and there associated himself with Henry A. Barclay under the law firm name of Munson & Barclay, which partnership con- tinued until his death on the 21st day of May, 19 IL Scrupulously conscientious and patriotic, he was held iir high estimation by lawyers, suit- ors, clients and people generally. WALTER J. TRASK. Walter J. Trask, the son of Kiah B. and Mary Jane (Dunton) Trask, was born in South Jefferson, Maine, on July 6, 1862. He received his education at Nichols Latin School, Lewiston, Maine, and at the Water- ville, Maine, Classical Institute. He was, in 1886, admitted to the bar in St. Paul, Min- nesota, and in 1890 moved to Los Angeles, California, where in 1893 he associated him- self with Honorable John D. Bicknell until 1897, when the firm of Bicknell, Gibson & Trask was formed, which latter firm was af- terward, in 1903, merged with that of Dunn and Crutcher, under the firm name of Bick- nell, Gibson, Trask, Dunn & Crutcher, which, on the retirement of Judge Bicknell, contin- ued under the firm name of Gibson, Trask, Dunn & Crutcher. Mr. Trask died at his res- idence, 1321 South Figueroa Street, Los An- geles, on the ninth day of May, 1911. He was twice married, and left surviving him his widow, Victoria H. Trask, and an only child, Caroline B. Trask, the issue of his first marriage. He was independent in poli- tics and irever sought or held any public office. He left, as one of the best monuments to his memory, the reputation of being an able and conscientious lawyer. .Judge C. E. McLaughlin paid the following tribute to Mr. Trask: "It has been charged against our profes- sion that mental training and habits indulged make cold the heart and dulls our sympa- thies. We who are brought in contact with many lawyers know that this charge is as un- founded as it is uncharitable; that lawyers, as a rule, are generous, whole-souled men whose human impulses are quickened rather than stifled as we read the pages of human life with all of human weaknesses exposed in daily routine of professional work. "It is therefore fitting that this body turn for the moment from prosaic labor, to indulge in sentiment and voice regret that the voice of one pre-eminent and loved will ne'er again be heard. The passing of Walter J. Trask deserves a tribute from heart and voice and pen of those who knew his sterling worth and loved him for his admirable traits of character. "When I first met Walter Trask at one of the Los Angeles clubs my mental comment when the parting moment came was, 'A splen- did gentleman!' Later, when we met in the forum and in a business way, that comment 202 OBIT r A E y was, 'A splendid lawyer!' Anon, discussing economic problems involving weal of those whose bread is moistened by the sweat of toil, my comment was, 'A great and generous heart!' "When I heard of his death I seemed to feel there was a hush in the courtrooms of California; that tears were falling and broken voices were lamenting the departure of a giant from the bar. '•Before that Great Tribunal where the Master sits in judgment. His Son, the advo- cate for all mankind, our friend has made appearance, and we feel and know has heard the words. 'WoU done.' fall from the Master's lips, the final judgment upon his life, his work, his future. When death laid his icy finger upon the brow of Walter Trask, the light of a great intellect went out, and a great soul went on its way to solve the prob- lems of eternity. That icy touch ne'er chilled more manly heart, nor closed more kindly eye." WILLIAM E. PARKER. Born in Columbus. Indiana, November 26, 1S72. Son of Alexander and Mary (Polk) Parker. Early education received in the pub- lic schools of his native city and Orange, California, to which place his parents moved in 188.3. Later he attended Occidental Col- lege, from which he graduated in 1895 with degree of A.B. After a course in the Univer- sity of Michigan. 1897 and 189S, he read law in the office of E. E. Keech, Santa Ana, Cal- ifornia, until his admission to the bar of California by the Supreme Court in 1899. From that time until 1901 he was a member of the firm of Keech & Parker, at Santa Ana. From 1901 to 1903 he was associated with the firm of Bicknell, Gibson & Trask, in Los An- geles, and from 1903 to 1906 he was associ- ated with Eugene S. Ives, with offices in Tucson, Arizona, receiving a certificate to practice in Arizona during the year 1904. In 1906 he formed a partnership with Adolfo Ybarra, under the firm name of Ybarra & Parker, with offices in Guaymas. Mexico, and Los Angeles, California, specializing in cor- poration, mining and railroad law. In 1907 he was admitted to practice before the courts of Sonora. Mexico. This partnership contin- ued until his death, which was sudden and unexpected, following an operation in a Chi- cago hospital on June 13, 1912. Mr. Parker had built up an extensive Mex- ican practice during the six years' association with Senor Ybarra. He was known and highly respecteil throughout the state of So- nora, and had a wide acquaintance in all the principal citifs of Mexico. Besides being the attorneys for the Southern Pacific of Mexico, Ybarra & Parker were also retained by many of the large mining and commercial com- panies operating in Sonora, and in this con- nection Mr. Parker's exttnsive knowledge of the Spanish language, cultivated from his youth, stood him in good stead. During Mr. Parker's association with Hon. Eugene S. Ives at Tucson, Arizona, he was connected with some of the most important litigation in the territory, and made a host of friends. He was a member of the California Club, Jonathan Club and Bar Association of Los Angeles; the Old Pueblo Club, Tucson; Blue Lodge of the Masonic order and Scottisli Rite, Tucson; the Shrine, Phoenix. Mr. Parker is m;iiirned by a widow, Mrs. Harriette X. Parker, and four children. In his passing Southern California has lost Her best known and most successful practitioner in Mexican law and a man of the highest integrity. ROBERT HENRY FAUNTLEROY VARIEL. Kobcrt Henry Fauntleroy Variel, one of the best known attorneys of the Los Angeles bar, died March 3, 1905'. Mr. Variel was born November 22, 1849, a scion of an olys7 ; Boys' High, 1890;" Hastings College of Law, 1893, from BIOGRAPHICAL 209 which lie graduated witli the degree of B. L. Admitted by Supreme Court of California, May ]8, 1893; United States Supreme Court, April 9, 1900; also admitted to all federal courts. Was three years with the National Guard of California. Member of firm of Cross, Ford, Kelly & Abbott, 1895-96. From 1898-1902 Deputy Attorney-general of Cali- fornia. To date Attorney-general for United Railroads of San Francisco. Member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science and Academy of Pacific Coast His- tory. Member of the Bohemian, Elks, Trans- portation and Union League Clubs, California Lodge No. 1, F. & A. M., California Chapter No. 5, R. A. M., California Commandery No. 1, K. T., Islam Temple Mystic Shrine, and Stanford Parlor No. 79, N. S. G. W. Re- publican. CHAELES MAXWELL ACKERMAN, Residence, 531 Britannia Street; office, 323 Bullard Block, Los Angeles. Born in Wilkes- barre, Pennsylvania, August 31, 1875. Son of Emanuel A. and Elvira (Baker) Ackerman. Married Marie C. Browne July 19, 1899. Re- ceived his early education in the primary and high schools of Chicago, Illinois. Entered the Illinois College of Law September 1, 1897, and graduated May 31, 1900, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of Springfield, Illinois, in June, 1900. Practiced in Chicago until his removal to California in 1903. Admitted to the bar of California October 8, 1905, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Engaged in the active practice of law in Los Angeles since March 6, 1906, specializing in corporation and crim- inal law. Prior to his admission to the bar was prominently connected with the Chicago and Northwestern Railway in Chicago, Illi- nois. Member of the Mounted Hussars of Chicago for one year. Member of the Royal Arcanum, Masonic fraternities and Chamber of Commerce. Republican. ALEXANDER A. ADAIR. Residence, 1310 Orange Street; office, Lor- ing Opera House Block, Riverside. Born Au- gust 25, 1857, in London, Ontario, Canada. Son of John and Rose (Aird) Adair. Mar- ried June 13, 1882, to Jennie E. Knight. Educated in the public and high schools of St. Mary's, Ontario, Toronto Normal School, and University of Toronto, Canada, receiving degree from the latter institution of LL. B., June 10, 1887. Admitted to the bar in Os- goode Hall, Toronto, in May, 1882. Prac- ticed his profession in Stratford, Ontario, until June, 1888, when appointed by the gov- ernment of that state as crown attorney for Muskoka and Parry Sound, in Ontario. Lived in Bracebridge while serving in that office, until October, 1890, when he resigned posi- tion, moving to Riverside, California. En- tered into partnership in that city with W. A. Purington, with whom he practices his pro- fession to date. President of National Bank of Riverside since its organization in 1906. Republican. CHARLES FRANCIS ADAMS. Residence, 4253 18th Street; office, 832 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born Novem- ber 7, 1880, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Son of John P. and Mary Agnes (Tierney) Adams. Moved to California in 1884. Mar- ried Agnes Cecilia Kendrick, September 4, 210 BIOGFAPII IC AL 1911. Received his early education in the public schools. Entered the University of Califoruia, graduating from there in 1906 with the degree of B. L. Attended Hastings College of Law during 190 Building, Los Angeles. Born in Evans ville, In- d i a n a, January 20, 1871. Son of George and Eliza- b e t h (Daescher) Adank. Married September 15, 190G, to Rose Ella O 1 sen. Attended the public schools of Evansville, In- d i a n a, and S c h i e r s, Canton Gr r i sons, Switzer- land, and Kan- tonschule. Chur, Canton Grisons, Switzer- land, 1885-86. Attended Commercial Col- lege, Evansville, Indiana, 1887-88; Indiana University, at Bloomington, Indiana, 1892- 95; University of Leipzig, Germany, 1895- 96, and the University of Indiana, from which he graduated, receiving the degree of A. B. in 1894 and the degree of LL. B. in 1895. Admitted to the bar at Indianapolis, In- diana, June 4, 1894. Practiced law in Evansville, Indiana, 1896-99, when he moved to California. Engaged in insurance and real estate business in San Francisco, Mexico and Los Angeles, 1899-1909. Ad- mitted to practice in Los Angeles January 25, 1909, since which time he has continued in the practice of his profession alone to date. Member of the Delta Tau Delta fraternity and the Indiana University Alumni Association. Republican. H. M. ALBERT. Residence and oflSce, Colusa. Born near Columbus, Franklin County, Ohio, October 12, 1851. Son of John M. and Sarah (Baldwin) Albery. Married December, 1881, to Flor- ence Hatch Kirk. Educated in the common schools of Ohio and Iowa. Admitted to the bar in the Supreme Court at Columbus, Ohio, March 7, 1876, and began practice in Colusa, California, the following year. In 1878 he formed partnership with W. F. and J. W. Goad, under the firm name of Goad, Albery & Goad, continuing same until 1881, when the firm dissolved. Was District Attorney of Colusa and Glenn counties from 1886 to 1888. Admitted to the bar of California, March 6, 1889. and was elected Superior Judge -'.f Colusa County in 1896, which office he holds at the present time. Democrat. WILLIAM ATKINSON ALDERSON. Residence, 1227 Leighton Avenue; office, 207 South Broadway, Los Angeles. Born in St. Charles, Missouri, October 1, 1856. Sou of Benjamin Ames and Mary L. Baker Alderson. Moved to California in 1900. Married January 1, 1907, to Maude W. Web- ster. Educated in public and private schools St. Charles, Missouri, West Nottingham Academy, Maryland, and Lafayette College, Easton, Pennsylvania (class of 1878). Stud- ied law in office of T. F. McDearmon, St. Charles. Admitted tc the bar of Mis- souri October 1, 1878; New York, 1894; Cali- fornia, 1903. Member of Masonic order, K. of P. and Loyal Order of Moose. JOHN KING ALEXANDER. Residence, Salinas; office, 163 Main Street, Salinas. Born in Brandon, Mississippi, Oc- tober 8, 18-39. Son of Benjamin F. and Caroline W. (Hiveley) Alexander. Moved to California in 1854. Married Sarah B. Carothers, August 2, 1865. Attended the public schools of Jackson, Mississippi, and Sacramento, California, graduating from the latter in 1859. Studied law in Sacramento in the offices of George R. Moore and Harri- son & Estee. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia October 7, 1862. Began the practice of law at Sacramento. Entered into partner- ship with Geo. R. Moore, under the firm name of Moore & Alexander, which continued until 1868, when he formed a partnership with Hon. John W. Armstrong, under the firm name of Alexander & Armstrong, which 211' p, I o n i: A r II I c A l continuca until 1870 wluu lie w:is elected Distru-t Attorney of Sacramento County, serving until 1872. Shortly after formed partnership with Hon. A. C. Freeman under the firm name of Freeman & Alexander, whic'ii continued until his removal to Salinas, in 1S74. Elected Judge of Monterey County in 1S79. serving until 1881, after which he continued in the practice (if his profession alone until 190(5. when he became associated with his son. Roy Lamar Alexander. Ad- mitted to the United States District Court November 17, 189S. Member and P. M. of Salinas Lodge No. 204. i". iV A. ^\.. of Salinas Chapter. No. o4, R. A. .M.. and P. H. P. thereof, an.l P. Patron Reveille Chapter O. E. Star. ( liairnian of tlie Masonic Hall As- sociation since its organization. Vice-presi- dent of the First National Bank. President of Monterev Count v Bar Association. Democrat. HARRISON B. ALEXANDER. Residence. -Ihi Soutli I'lower Street; olfice, Hall of Records, Los Angeles. Born in Natick. Massachusetts, July 27, 1872. Son of Edmund K. and Harriet E. (Babcock) Alexander. Married on May 17, 1904. to Alice E. Scott. Educated in the public schools of Massachusetts and California, and later attended the I'liiversity of California. Admitted to the bar of California in 1899. Appointed Deputy City Attorney of Los An- geles in 1907, and served until the follow- ing year, the same year being appointed Deputy Prosecuting Attorney. Deputy Dis- trict Attorney since 1907. Member of the I'nion League Club and Masonic fraternity. Re]'ubiican. ROY LAMAR ALEXANDER. Residence, Salinas; office, lO;! Main Street, Salinas. Born in Salinas, California, .lune 20, 1877. Son of John King and Sarah B. (Carothers) Alexander. Married Annie E. Patton, June 18, 1902. Educated in the Salinas jiublic schools and California College. East Oakland. Studied law in the office of his father, J. K. Alexander, and Alexander & CSardner, in San Francisco. Admitted to tiie bar of California December 20, 1903. Commencfd the jiraetice of law in Salinas in association with Hon. Chas. B. Rosendalc. and subsequently with his father, John K. Alexaniler. Ajipointed Deputy District Attor- ney in June, 1911. Member of the B. P. O. E. (is now Exalted Ruler), and W. O. W. fraternities. Democrat. EDWARD HORACE ALLEN. Residence, llHo (Jar field Avenue, S o u til Pasadena; ffi c e, (i tl .') E X- c h a uge Building, T> (I s Angeles. B o r n April 27, 18 8 7, in West Newton. Indiana. S o n of ,Tisse J. a n d .Jessie (Jes sup) Allen. Moved t o California in 1887. Educated in the public schools of C a 1 i f o r nia. (i r a d uated from l^ n i V e r s i t y of Southern Cali- fornia, College of Law, in 1909 with degree of LL. B. A.l- mitted to the bar of Indiana, 1908; California, 19(19, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Member of firm of Morgan, Allen & Richard- son until 191(1. In Ai)ril. 1911, formed part- nership with Henry Brown, under firm name of Allen & Brown, which continues to date. Member of Phi Delta Phi, B. P. O. E., and Metropolitan ( lul>. Ke]iulilican. J. A. ALLEN. Residence and otlice, \'isalia. Born in Hampshire, Kane County, Illinois, September 10, 18.57. Son of Aaron G. and Sarah (Lan- fear) Allen, ^larried Nettie V.. Lawrence May 6, 188."). Educated in the public and high schools at Eigi7i. Illinois, and the Elgin Academy, from which he graduated in 1877. Attended the University of Hlinois for three years. Read law with Honorable John W. Ranstead, at Elgin, Illinois, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois, by the Supreme Court, in 1884. Moved to California in May, 188.5, and was admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court, in August, 1887. Com- menced the jtractice of law in Tulare County in December, 188G, and continued until De- ceml)er, 1898, when he removed to Visalia, wiiere he continued in the practice of his pro- fession to the time of his ai>pointment as Superior Ju Chester Avenue, Bakersfield. Born in Ne- vada City, California, May 13, 1875. Son of Thomas and Catherine Jane (Cruickshank) Allen. Married April 26, 1905, to Edith Mayuard. Graduated from Lincoln Night Grammar School in 1895. Admitted to the bar of California, December 13, 1899. Social- ist. ARVID G. ALM. Besidence, 223 S. Beaudry Ave- n u e ; office 525 Higgins Building, L OS A n'g e 1 e s. Born May 5, 1878, in Sweden. Son of L. G. and Anna S. (Kallberg) Aim. Educated in the Dublic schools of Minnesota; High Scliool of Minne- apolis; University of Minnes otfl ; g r a duating from Angus tana Col- lege, Rock Island, Illinois, in 1903, with degree of A. B. Attended Law Department of North- western University. Admitted to the bar of Illinois, 1906, and California, 1909. Prac- ticed law in Chicago, Illinois, until 1907, when he moved to Kingman, Arizona, where he was engaged in mining for a short period. Formed partnership on January 1, 1912, with F. M. Shepard, under the firm name of Shepard & Aim, which continues to date. Member of Masonic order. Order Vasa and Swedish National League. Democrat. FISHER AMES. Residence, 2933 Pacific Avenue; office, Pacific Building, San Francisco. Born in New Hampshire, February 8, 1844. Moved to California in 1870. Graduated from Dart- mouth College. Admitted to the bar of New York May 10, 1870, and to the bar of Califor- nia the same year. Assistant in the office ot Honorable W. C. Burnett, City and County Attorney for eight years. Member of the Board of Education, 1876-77; of the Board of Fire Commissioners, 1887-92. Democrat. HOMER G. AMES. Residence and office, Anaheim. Born in Madison County, Iowa, No- vember 29, 1877. Son of Arthur W. and Sarah A. (Walker) Ames. Moved to Cali- fornia in Novem- ber, 1887 Mar- r i e d Harriet W e n t s April 14, 19 10. Attended the public schools of Santa Ana, California, and the U n i v e r s i ty of California, grad- uating therefrom in 1901 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court in April, 1901, and later to United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the prac- tice of law in Santa Ana, in October, 1901. Deputy District Attorney of Orange County, 1903-6. In September, 1908, appointed Ref- eree in Bankruptcy for Orange County, by Hon. Olin Wellborn, United States District Judge. Formed partnership with Hon. Richard Melrose, in January, 1910, under the firm name of Melrose & Ames. Appointed City Attorney of Anaheim, in March, 1911, which office he continues to hold. Member of the Knights of Pythias, B. P. O. E. and I. O. 0. F. fraternities. Democrat. WILLIAM ALEXANDER ANDERSON. Residence, 4nl ,1 Street; office, City Jus- tice's Court, Sacramento. Born February 25, 1846, in Mineral Point, Wisconsin. Son of Hartford and Susan (Atkins) Anderson. Married September 8, 1880, to Mary Cad- well. Moved to California in 1849, and re- ceived his education in the schools of this state. Attended Folsom Institute, and later Santa Clara College. Studied law in Benicia Law College. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in Sacramento, April, 1866. From that date until 1868 he served as County Auditor, after which service he became asso- ciated with George Cadwalader, with whom he i^racticed until 1879. City Attorney of Sacramento from 1875 to 1887. Member of Assembly, 1893. In 1899 appointed Police 214 BIOGI! A P1I IC A L Judge of Sac raiiuMito. in which office tinues to serve to datf. I\('i'u!ili<;iii. WILLIAM H. Residence, Venice; Block, Los Angeles. ANDERSON. office, 330 Stimson Born December 31, of Superior Court of Ventura County. Cali- fornia; also with Messrs. Andrews Brothers of Norwalk, Ohio. Admitted to tiie bar of California in October !1. 1S94, to the United 1866, in Memphis. Tennessee. Son of James A. and Louisa (Trent) Anderson. Married to Jessie Calhoun in 189."). Received his early education at Texas common schools. Attended the Southwestern University at Georgetown. Texas. Came to California in 1886. Admitted to the bar of Texas; to the bar of the state of California in 18S9; United States Supreme Court in 1897. Mem- ber of Jonathan and University clubs. Re- publican. HENRY PARKER ANDREWS. K'o^idciico and office. Red Bluff. Born May 4, 1861, in Marion. Missis s i p p i. Son of William Penn and Sarah A. (Smith) A n d r e ws. Mar- ried December 26, 18 9 3, to Lillie Gay. Early edii- cation was ob- tained in public schools of his na- tive state, until 1881, when he at- tended Marion Academy for six months. Studied law^ at odd times while engaged in other work, entering the office of C. G. Grace, in Meridian, Missis- sippi, July, 1881, where he remained until August, 1S82. Admitted to the bar of Missis- sippi at Quitman, August 21, 1882, later mov- ing to California, 1888. Served as District Attorney of Tehama County, California, from 189.'5 to 1899. Democratic nominee for At- torney General of state of California in 189S; defeated by Tirey L. Ford. Attended all Democratic State Conventions since 1896. Member of Vesper Lodge 84, F. & A. M., I. O. O. F. and Red Bluff Foresters of Amer- ica fraternities. Member Executive Com- mittee Woodrow Wilson League. Democrat. LEWIS W. ANDREWS. Residence, 274 Andrews liuuievard; office, 1100 Union Oil Building, Los Angeles. Born April 22, 1869, at Mt. Vernon, Missouri. Son of Lindley M. and Elizabeth W. (Gor- ton) Andrews. Moved to California in 1889. Married Abbie Crane January 21, 1892, at Saticoy, Ventura County, California. At- tended high school, and graduated from the Scientific Department of the Northern Illi- nois Normal School, Dixon, Illinois, in 1887. Read law with Hon. B. T. Williams, Judge States Circuit and District Courts in January, 1908, and to the United States Supreme Court February 20, 1911. Associated in the prac- tice of his profession with Hon. Thomas O. Toland, in Ventura, California, from May, 1895, until October, 1900, when he removed to Los Angeles. He is now associated with Hon. Thomas O. Toland and Cedric E. John- son, in general practice. Was the first sec- retary of Throop Polytechnic Institute, Pasa- dena, California; also instructor in history. Member of California and Union League Clubs, Los Angeles. Republican. WILLEDD ANDREWS. Residence. 12.")S West 30th Street; office 230 Ex- change Building, Los Angeles. Born in Little Rock, Arkansas, N o V e m I) c r 17, 1883. Son of Carl and Florence (Marsh) Andrews. M a rried Septem- bcr 23, 1911, to Helen .1 u s t i s S t c k e r. At- tended public schools of Little Rock, Arkansas, New Orleans, Louisiana and Los Angeles, California, and for two years the Central University of Kentucky, 1898-99, and graduated from the University of Southern California (Law Department), receiving the BIOGRAPHIC AL 215 degree of LL. B. in 1908 and the degree of LL. M, in 1909. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles, June, 1908, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Practices in Los Angeles to date. Specializes in corpora- tion law. Attorney for Night and Day Bank and Title Guarantee and Trust Company. Served First Trooj^ Cavalry, Louisiana Na- tional Guard, 1900-2 in New Orleans, Louisi- ana. Member of the College Men's Associa- tion of Southern California, Sigma Alpha Epsilon and Theta Nu Epsilon fraternities. Republican. HENRY JAMES ANGELL. Residence, 407 South Hope Street; office, 407-408 Security Building, Los An- geles. Born Jan- uary 15, 1878, in the town of Rich- mond, Washingtou County, Rhode Is land. Sou o f James Phetteplace and Lillias (Geer) Angell. Married June 2, 1906, to P r e c i 1 1 a Ham- mond, of Somer- ville, Massachu- setts. Moved to California June 11, 1906. Educated in the public schools of Hartford, Connecticut, and Providence County, Rhode Island, and Bryant and Strattou Business College, Providence, Rhode Island. Finished academic studies and took all college studies under private instruct- ors. Graduated from Boston Law School on June 5, 1906, with degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California October 22, 1906, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Engaged in the general practice of law alone to date. Member of Knights of Pythias. Republican. H. M. ANTHONY. Residence, San Francisco; office 372-376 Monad- nock Building, San F r ancisco. Born in San Francisco, April 11, 1872. Son of Edward Taylor and Carrie Augusta (Han- f r d) Anthony. Married to Mil- dred A. Goffe, August 15, 1908. Received his edu- cation from the San Fran cisco grammar schools, Lowell High School, and graduated from the University of California in 1895 with the degree of Ph. B. Was admitted to the bar in San Fran- cisco in 1901, since which date he has prac- ticed his profession in this city. Spanish- American War Veteran, Scottish Rite Mason, Member Bar Association. HORACE HILARY APPEL. Residence, 1132 West 28th Street; office, 421-423 Bullard Building, Los Angeles. Born in Tucson, Arizona, November 3, 1862. Son of Nathan B. and Victoria (Torrey) Appel. Moved to California in 1876. Married April 2, 1902, to Alba St. Cyr Bennet. Attended the public schools in Tucson, Arizona, until 1876. Entered St. Mary's College, San Fran- cisco, and graduated therefrom in 1880. Ad- mitted to the bar of Arizona in 1886 and to the bar of California in 1887. Formed part- nership with C. C. Stevens in 1887, under the firm name of Stevens & Appel, continuing until 1889, when the firm name was changed to Willis & Appel, this partnership continuing until 1893, since which time he has been as- sociated in many cases with Chas. Silent, Alex Campbell, S. O. Houghton, Stephen M. White and Ex-Governor Henry T. Gage. Member of the Southwest Society of Archaeo- logical Institute of America, Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce and the California and Arizona Pioneers. Member of the Gamut Club. Republican. HARRY RUTHVEN ARCHBALD. Residence, 1137 Brent Avenue, South Pasa- dena, Los Angeles County; office, 422 Federal Building, Los Angeles. Born in London, Ontario, Canada, April 28, 1872. Son of George H. and Margaret S. (Tiffany) Arch- 216 /; / () <; i: A i- ii i c a l balil. ('aiiic to California in Hto.l. Marriod Mary Winyar SejitenihtT Ki. UMiG. Keceiveublic schools at Powney; from 1872 to 1876 attended the Los Neitos Valley Institute, at Downey, California, and in 1884 entered Emory College, Oxford, Georgia, graduating therefrom in 1888 with the degree of A. M. Read law in office of Ifaygood & Douglas, of Atlanta, Georgia, and during this period attended law lectures in Atlanta, Georgia. A. Hoover Street, Los Angeles; office, 63 2 Laughlin Building, Los Angeles. Born in 1 y m pia, Wash- i not on, August 23, 1872. Son of Will- iam H. and Nellie T. (Fox) Avery. M V e d to this state in 1886. G r a d uated from the Los Angeles High School in 1 8 9 0, University of California in 1S94, receiving the degree of B. L., and from the Harvard Law School, with the degree of LL. B., in 1897. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco in -June, 218 B I c, i: A I'll I (• A L obtained the degree of LL. B. iu 19li7. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, at Los An- geles, July 15, 1907, since whii-h date he has l>rafticed his profession iu Los Angeles. Member of the University Club of Los An- geles and Los Angeles Bar Association. Re- publican. WIIiLIAM SMYLLIE BAIRD. Resideme, '.'>'M iJrvau Street; urtieo, 418 Fay Building. Los Angeles. Born November 13. \S7'A, in Glasgow, Scotland. Son of Robert and Elizabeth (Watson) Baird. Moved to ar of Michigan in 1899 and to the bar of California in 1902. Began the practice of law in Salinas in 1902, with F. W\ Sargent, under the firm name of Sargent & Bardin, which continued until 1910. Formed partnership in October, 1911, with P. E. Zabala, under the firm name of Zabala & Bardin, which continues to date. District attorney of Monterey County 1906- 10. Democrat. ARTHUR. H. BARENDT. Residence. 749 Taylor Street; office. Mills Build- i n g, San Fran- cisco. Born Feb- ruary, I860, in Live rpool, Eng- land. Son of John E. and Isabella A. (Crowe) Barendt. Educated in the schools of Liver- pool and in Liver- pool College and Liverpool School of S c i e nee and Arts, Medalist in 1881, and Whit- wort h Scholar. In 1884 came to California. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in San Fran- cisco, December, 1897, and later to the fed- eral courts. Commenced the active practice of his profession immediately upon admission. In .June, 1909, appointed member of the Board of Health of San Francisco, which position he retains after illegal removal by Mayor Mc- Carthy and reinstatement by court. Presi- dent of the Iroquois Club. Democrat. DONALD BARKER. Residence. 601 South Burlington Avenue; office. Title Insurance Building, Los An- geles. Born in Can- a d a, March 1 3, 1868. Son of Will- iam and Margaret (Mite hell) Bar- ic e r. Moved t^ California in 1SS4. Married December l^"), 1896, to Carrie L. Pabst. Edu- cated in the pub- lic schools of Canada and the h i g h school of Lindsay, Ontario. Admitted to the bar of 222 BIOGRAPHICAL California. April, 189t). In 1897 formeil part- nership with Hon. Frank P. Flint under the firm name of Flint A: Barker, which continued until the election of Mr. Flint to the Senate in 1905, later forming partnership with Will iam A. Bowen, under the firm name of Barker \- Bowen. which continued one year, when the Hon. Wheaton A. Gray, ex-presiding justice of the District Court of Appeals, entered the firm and the name was changed to Gray, Barker & Bowen. In 1910 Carrold Allen, Henrv S. Van Dyke and L. W. -Jutten joined the firm, and in 1911 Hon. Frank P. Flint re- entered the firm, the firm name now being Flint, Gray & Barker. Member of the Cali fornia Club. Republican. CHARLES R. BARNARD. Kesideutc. 1-JUl Lucoruo Lauo; otiice, 10-11 Union National Bank Building, Fresno. Boru in Warrenville. Illinois, December 28, 1881. SJon of Robert R. and Elizabeth (Child) Bar- nard. Married Lillian O. Smith in 1907. Moved to California in 19u7. Attended High School of Centralia. Illinois, graduating m 1J599, and from the Iowa College Academy in 1900. Attended Iowa College, from which he received the degree of Ph. B. in 1904, and the degree of LL. B. from the Iowa State Uni- versity in 1907. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Iowa in June, 1907, and lo the bar of California in San Francisco, Sep- tember, 19137. Republican. WILLIAM A. BARNHILL. Residence, 213 Xorth Carondolet Street; office, 718 Pacific Electric Building, Los An- geles. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, Sep- tember 18, 1880. Son of Samuel S. and Julia Louise (Russell) Barnhill. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1896. Married to Frances Teresa Penglase, December 26, 1903. Early educa- tion received in the public schools of Kansas Citv. Graduated from St. Vincent's College, Los" Angeles, in June, 1899, with the degrees of B. S. and M. S. In June, 1902, he graduated from Hastings College of Law with degree of LL. B. Studied law in the offices of Garber, Boalt & Bishop, afterward with Bishop & Wheeler, San Francisco. Admitted to the bar of California in 1902, and associated with Bishop & Wheeler. In November, 1902, ap- pointed Chief Assistant United States Attor- ney, First Division of Alaska, with head- quarters at Juneau, which office he held for nearly seven years, when he was appointed United States Attorney for the same division. He resigned in 1910 and after practicing a short time in San Francisco removeil to Los Angeles and entered the firm of Gibson, Dunn & Crutcher. December, 1911. Member of B. P. O. E., L. O. O. M., Arctic Brotherhood, and Los Angeles Athletic Club. Republican. EDMUND D. BARRY. Residence, 229 South Orange Grove Avenue, Pasadena; office, 1024 Trust and Savings Building, Los Angeles. Born August 4, 1854, in Pittsfield Township, Washtenaw County, Michigan. Sou a. Born Auj^ust 26, 1862, in Trinity County, California. Son of Charles and Catherine J. (Mills) Bell. Married July 26. 1S9S. to Jessie Louise Dresser. Edu- cated in the loinnion and high schools of Vallejo, and studied law in the oflSce of Theodore Bell, of Napa. Admitted to the bar of California June 1], 1897, entering into ])artnershii) with his brother, Theodore Bell, which continued until December, 1902, when this ]iartnership was dissolved and the firm of Bell, York & Bell was formed, which con- tinued until 1906. Practiced under the firm name of York & Bell until January, 1907, since which time he has been in the active practice of his profession alone. Justice of the Peace for St. Helena from 1892 to 1895. Member of the X. S. G. W. and Loyal Order of the Moose fraternities. Democrat. FRANCIS VINTON BELL. Hesi.lence, 2078 Croon Street, office, 6 1 4 Mills Build- i n g, San Fran- cisco. Born in Y o n k e r s, New York, August 15, 18 5 3. Son of (ieorge Henry and Vj 1 i zabeth "(Jan- sen) Bell. Moved to the state of • alifornia in 1862. In 1900 married Kdwina Whitney. Attended City Col- 1 c g e; graduated f r o ni tlie Boys' High School and Heald's Business College. Was admitted to the bar in San Francisco Septimber 4, 1883. Managing clerk and read law in offices of W. H. L. Barnes, 1873-87. From 1887-98 practiced alone; 1S98-1906 was in partnership with "Gaston Straus, under firm name of Bell and Straus; 1906-9 in partnersliip under firm name of Bell, Straus & Atwood. Since Octo- ber, 1909, has continued the practice of his profession alone. From 1879 to 1883, 2d Lieutenant, 1st Lieutenant and Captain in 2d Eegt. Infantry, National Guard of California. Member of the Olympic, Commercial and Fly Casting clubs of San Francisco. Royal Ar- canum. Improvtd Order of Red Men and sev- eral different sportsmen's clubs. Republican. HARMON BELL. Residence, Piedmont, Oakland; office, Syn- dicate Building, Oakland. Born March 23, 1855, in Oakland, California. Son of Samuel B. and Sophia (Walsworth) Bell. Married in 1880 to Catherine Wilson. Studied law in the office of Dirlam & Layman in Mansfield, Ohio, and later in the office of Juilge Turner A. Gill of Kansas City, where he was ad- mitted to the bar of Missouri in 1880. Elected to the legislature from Kansas City for two years, and practiced law there until 1898, when he returned to California and commenced the ]»ractice of his ]irofession in San Francisco. From that period he has acted as chief counsel for the Oakland Trac- tion Company, Key Route and Realty Syndi cate, which has since been merged into the San Francisco-Oakland Terminal Railways. Senior member of the firm of Bell, Bell & Smith to date. Member of Masonic. B. P. O. ?]. and N. S. G. W. fraternities. Republi- can. BIOGRAPHIC A L 229 JAMES WARREN BELL. Residence and office, Bakersfield. Born August 2, 18 7 0, in New- fa urn e, Dyer County, Tennes- see. Son of Isaac T li (I lU) a s a n d J] 1 i z a b e t h S. (Smith) Bell. Moved to Cali- fornia, 188 3. Married June 30, 1906, to Alice C c k e r h a m. Educated in the liublic schools of Tulare County, I' a I i f r n i a. G r a duated from Stanford University in 1897, with degree of A. B. Studied law in office of Charles G. Lamberson, Visalia. Admitted to the bar of California, March, 1900; Alaska, September, 1900. Engaged in the practice in Nome, Alaska, 1900 to 1911, when he moved to Bakersfield, where he continues to date. City Attorney of Nome, Alaska, 1903. As- sistant United States Attorney of Nome, Alaska, 1908 to 1910. Member of Masonic order, F. O. E., I. 0. O. F., and Arctic Brotherhood of Alaska. Democrat. RICHARD B. BELL. Residence, 2928 Forest Avenue, Berkeley; office, Berkeley National Bank Building, B e r kelcy. Born in llarrodsburg, Ken tucky, June 17, 1870. Son of Thomas Clelland a n d Sallie M. (C n n r) Bell. Married June 15, 1898, to Mary E. Gait. Attended Georgetown Col- lege from 1890 to 1893, graduating in the latter year with the degree of A. B., and the Central University, Danville, Kentucky, Law School, 1894-9.5, under Ex- Governor J. Proctor Knott, of Kentucky, re- ceiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar at Harrodsburg, Mercer County, Ken- tucky, October 9, 1894, and commenced the practice of law with his father, Thomas C. Bell, under the firm name of Bell & Bell, which continued until 1899, when he moved to Louisville, Kentucky, and formed a part- nership with D. C. Saterwhite, under the firm name of Bell & Saterwhite, which con- tinued until 1901, when the firm of Bell, Felix «S; Cary was formed, and upon its dissolution in 1903 he moved to San Francisco, where he practiced until 1906, then for a short period in Oakland, since which time he has continued in the practice of his profession with offices in Berkeley. Democrat. NELSON WILLIAM BELL, Residence and office, Pasadena. Born Jan- uary 4, 1860, New York City. Son of Moly- neux and Ann F. (Jarvis) Bell. Educated in Williston Seminary, East Hampton, Massa- chusetts. Graduated from Yale College in 1883, with degree of A. B.; Columbia Law School in 1885, with degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of New York, 1885; Cali- fornia, 1891; and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. Moved to California March 26, 1886, and practiced law in Los Angeles until 1902, when he moved to Pasadena and became a member of the firm of Wright, Bell & Ward. Member of Los Angeles Bar Association and Masonic order. Republican. THEODORE A. BELL. Residence, Bellevue Hotel; office, 701-704 Crocker Building, San Francisco. Born in Viallejo, July 25, 1872. Son of Charles and Catherine J. Bell. Married April 23, 1899, to Anna M. Muller. Attended district school at Crystal Springs, and later the public school in Vallejo for three months. Admitted to the bar by the Superior Court of Napa County, July 25, 1893. District Attorney of Napa County from 1894 until 1902. Elected mem- ber of Congress, 2d District of California, 1903-4. Member of the Olympic Club. Past Grand Master I. O. O. F. of California; 230 Bi (), Title Insurance Building, Los Angeles. Born September 25, 1846, in Ashville, North Carolina. Son of Dr. James G. and Elizabeth Ann (Ball) Blackstock. Married September 25, 18G8, to Abbie Smith. Moved to Califor- nia in 1S75. Received his early education 'ii an academy in Xorth Carolina. Read law in Newport, Tennessee. Admitted to the bar of Tennessee in 1868; Missouri, 1870; California, 1875; later to the United States District Court of Southern California and tO' the L^nited States Supreme Court. Practiced law for three and one-half years in Warrensburg, Missouri. For thirteen years a member of the firm of Blackstock & Shepherd, Ventura. For ten years in partnership with F. W. Ewing, and for five years with Senator Orr. From 1905 to 1907 member of the California Bank Commission. From 1898 to 3902 mem- ber of the California Railway Commission. In 1906 he moved to Los Angeles, where he continues the jn-actice of law to date. From 1862 to- 1865 member of the First Regiment S. C. Artillery. Member of the Masonic bodies, Union League Club, Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. FRANK W. BLAIR. Residence, 1831 Western Ayenue; office, District Attorney's Office, Hall, of Records, Los Angeles. Born in Olney, Illinois, Feb- ruary 22, 1859. Son of Stephen A. and Mar- garet (Johnstone) Blair. Moved to Califor- nia in 1904. Married August 23, 1888, to Rose E. Pearce. Educated in the public schools at Olney, Illinois, Northern Indiana Normal School, Valparaiso, Indiana, and Union College of Law, Chicago, graduating in 1883. Admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1883; Nebraska in 1884; California, 1904. In 1908 was appointed Deputy District Attorney for Los Angeles County, which position he holds at date. Member of Masonic fraternity. Republican. ISIDOR D. BLAIR. Office, 128 Nortii Main Street, Los Angeles. Born at Cobb Neck, Charles County, Maryland, .January 8, 1869. Son of Francis and Fannie (Powell) Blair. Moved to California in 1903. Educated in the public schools of Charles County, Maryland, and Morgan College, Balti- more, graduating from latter institution in 1884, and graduating from the University of Michigan with degree of B. L. June 29, 1893. Admitted to the bar of Indiana by the Circuit • Court in the fall of 1893; by the Siipreme Court of Indiana, November, 1902; by the Superior Court of California at Los Angeles, September 11, 1903; United States Circuit and District Courts for Southern District of California, October 24, 1904; Department of the Interior at Los Angeles, April 24, 1912. President pro tem. University of Michigan Senate, 1903; also class marshal same years. Member of Holy Name Society, Los Angeles, Republican. ^ >. WILLIAM T. BLAKELY. Residence, 1431 Oak Street, South Pasadena; office 401—402 Henne Building, Los Angeles. Born October 19, 1872, in San Francisco. Son of Calvin and Caroline E. (Milleman) Blakely. Married December 14, 1901, to Martha E. Wil- kinson. Received his education in the schools of San Francisco and San Jose, California. Read law in office of Knight & Heggerty in San Francisco. Admitted to the bar of California at San Francisco, May 22, 1894, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of California. Commenced the practice of law in Los Angeles in 1894, and continued to 1898, when he moved to San Francisco, where he remained until 1900, when he returned to Los 234 BIOGEAPIIICAL Angeles where he practices to date. luherit- aiu-e Tax Ajipraiser to ilate. Member of the Masonic, I. O. O. F. I. O. F. and X. S. (;. W. fraternities. Member of the Los Angeles Bar Association. In 189G Financial Secretary for Yonng Men's Republican League of South- ern California. Republican. RAYMOND IVES BLAKESLEE. _ iv'csidcnc*, 622 W a s li i n g t o n Street, Alhambra; m c e, 3 4-306 M a s on Opera House Building, Tv s A n g e 1) e s. 1> o r n September 17. 18 7 5, in liridgeport, Con- necticut. Son of Cornelius and M a r y (Sanford) P> 1 a keslee. Mar- r i e d in 1906 to Ifelene M. Beers. M o V ed to Cali- f o r n i a, April, 1 9 7. Educated in the Brooklyn (X. Y.) High School. Attended Xew York Law School, 1897-98. Admitted to the bar of New York, 1907; California. 1907, and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Patent solicitor in Xew York City, 1899-1907. For three years in partnership with Hon. Tracy C. Becker, under the firm name of Becker & Blakeslee. Practices law alone at present, specializing in patent litigation. City attor- ney of Ocean Park, 1908. Member of City Club, Chamber of (ominircc and L. A. Athletic Club. JAMES H. BLANCHARD. Residence. 919 West Second Street; office, 91 Temple Block. Los Angeles. Born in Xiles, Michigan, December 6, 1S47. Son of .lonathan and Matilda A. (Ingraham) Blanchard. Moved to the state in 1873. Married on Sep- tember 30, 1884, to Lucy U. Shack- leford. Attende the Michigan Cni- versit}', receiving the degree of M. A. in 1870, and the degree of B. A. in 1872. Admitted to Supreme Court of Michigan in 1872, California Supreme Court in April, 1873, Los Angeles County District Court in 1873, and to the United States District Court of California in 1908. In 1874 became mem- ber of firm of Marshall, Gould & Blanchard; Gould & Blanchard, 1877, since which time practiced his profession alone. Prohibition candidate for governor of California, 1906. Prohibitionist. HIRAM ABIFF BLANCHARD. Residence, 8 4 4 M c K e n d r i 6 Street: office, 88- 89 Auzerais Build- i n g, San Jose. Born D e cember 24, 1874, in Mar- shall, Missouri. Son of George B. and E m e 1 i n e (Payne) Blanch- ard. Move d to California in 1893 and married Heu- r i e t t a Gardner, August 1, 1900. Atte nded li i g h school a n il busi- ness college and g r aduateil there- from respectively in 1893 and 1895. Admit- ted to the bar of California in San Fran- cisco, May 1, 1897, and to the United States District Court .Tune 19, 1909. Official Short- hand Reporter for Coroner, 1898 to date. Official Superior Court Reporter from 1899 to 1908, and resigned court reporting to attend to his regular legal jiractice. Delegate to all county and state Democratic conventions since 1898, and delegate to National Conven- tion in 1908. President of Y. M. C. A. Democrat. BIOGRAPHICAL 235 GUSTAV BERTHOLD BLANCKENBURG. _ Eesidence, 2239 Green Street; of- fice, Mouaclnock Building, San Francisco. B o rn May 24, 1886, in San F r a neisco. Son of Theo. J. H. and Marie E. (H i n r i c h s) Blanckenburg. At- t e nded Adams C s m p 1 itan G r ammar School and g r a duated from the Lowell High School, San F r a n c i sco, i n 190 3; from the University of Cal- ifornia in 1907, with the degree of B. L. Took post-graduate course at the University of (Jalifornia, receiving the degree of Juris Doc- tor in 1909. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia at Sacramento January 4, 1909. Com- menced the practice of law in association with Henry A. Jacobs, in May, 1909, and continues to date. BENJAMIN J. BLOCK. Eesidence, 3012 Pine Street; office, 8 5 Kearney Street, San Fran- cisco. Born April 7, 1878, in Baker City, Oregon. Sou of Isaac and Jen- nie (Fox) Bloch. Moved to Califor- nia in 1893. At- tended the public schools of Baker City, Oregon, Wichita, Kansas, and Boise, Idaho, Hoitt's School, Burlingame, Cali- fornia, graduating in 1895. Attended Stanford University, 1895-98, and Columbia Law School, New York, 1899-1902, when he received the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar in New York, July 8, 1902, and in California, August 12, of the same year. Assistant District Attorney, San Francisco, 1906-1910. Instructor San Francisco Eve- ning Law School, 1909. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN BLEDSOE. Residence, 750 D Street; office. Courthouse, San Bernardino. Born in San Bernardino, California, February 8, 1874. Son of Robert Emmett and Althea (Bottoms) Bledsoe. Married Katharine M. Shepler, December 25, 1899. Received his early education in the San Bernardino High School. Graduated from Stanford University in June, 1896, with the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of California, October, 1896, and commenced the practice of his profession under the firm name of Bledsoe & Bledsoe, which continued until 1901. Elected Judge of the Superior Court, San Bernardino County, in 1900, being re- elected in 1906, and continues to- hold that office to date. Democrat. RUSH MAXWELL BLODGET. Residence, 844 Dryden Street, Glendale; office, 3 3 0-331 Stimson Building, Los An- geles. Born De- cember 3, 1881, in Youngsville, Penn- sylvania. Son of Spencer Langdon and Carra Myrtle (Belnap) Blodget. Moved to Califor- nia in 1884. Mar- ried May 29, 1911. to Beryl Lorena French. Attended Bakersfield p r i- mary and gram- mar schools, and Kern County High School, graduating in 1899, and from the Leland Stanford Jr. University in 1907, receiving the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of this state at Los Angeles, July, 1907. Member of the firm of Watkins & Blodget since 1908. City Attorney of Huntington Beach, 1909-11. City Attorney of Stanton, 1911. Member of the National Guard for seven years. Member of the Masonic order, Odd Fellows, O. E. S., Rebecca, M. W. A., Acacia, and Delta Chi fraternities. Republi- can. HENRY GRATTAN BODKIN. Residence, 936 Hinton Avenue; office, 707 Equitable Building, Los Angeles. Born in Los Angeles, March 20, 1887. Son of John J. and Marian (O'Brennan) Bodkin. Received his early education in the public schools of Los Angeles County and city and later at- tended St. Vincent's College, from which he graduated in June, 1906, with the degree of B. S. Admitted to the bar of California at Los Angeles, August 24, 1910. Commenced the practice of law in association with .Joseph Scott, which connection continues to date. Member of Knights of Columbus. Republi- can. WILLIAM PATRICK BOLAND. Residence, 680 Carondolet Street; office, 512 Higgins Building, Los Angeles, Califor- nia. Born in 1886 in San Francisco. Son of 236 B I G R A r II I C A L Patrick and Annie (O'Sullivan) Bolauil. Etlu- lated in the i»ublio ?ihools of 8an Fraueisio anublican. LINDEN LEWIS BOONE. Residence, 257(t 1st Street; office. 401-402 Union Building, San Diego. Born i n Pike County, ^lis- souri, May 7, 18()2. Son of Benjamin F. and Nancy Margaret (Eastin) Boone. Married to Martha Scott. daughter of Col. Chalmers Scott, in 1909. Received his early educa- tion in local col- leges in Missouri, and later attended Christian Univer- sity, receiving therefrom the degree of A.B. Took post-academic course at the University of Virginia, and later took law course at St. Louis Law School. Admitted to the bar of Missouri, at Bowling Green. Missouri, in 1885, and moved to California the following year. In 1887 was appointed city justice for San Diego, and served for a period of about eighteen months. Since this time has been engaged in the active practice of his pro- fession, ^feniber American Bar Association. Attorney for the San Diego and Arizona Rail- way Company. Democrat. SHELDON BORDEN. Residence, 2.328 South Hope Street; office, 429 Stimson Building, Los Angeles. Born November 10, 1858, at Alabama. Son of Jo.seph and Juliet E. (Rhodes) Borden. Moved to California in 1868. Married Mar- gery Frances Burnett, February 2, 1886. Graduated from Hastings College of Law in 1884, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1884; United States District Court. September 12, 1887; United States Circuit Court, November 7, 1891. Member of Los Angeles County Bar Association, and Los Angeles Coiintry Club. Democrat. BIOGRAPHIC A L 231 WALTER BORDWELL. Eesidence, 2023 West 24th Street; oflSce, Hall of Records, Los Angeles. Born on a farm in Eckford Township, Calhoun County, Michigan. Son of Charles M. and Eliza (Ingersoll) Bordwell. Married Mary E. Wil- litts July 18, 1883. Moved to California in January, 1889. After attending the public schools of Michigan, Olivet College, Olivet, Michigan, and Eastman's Business College, Poughkeepsie, New York, and some years in business pursuits, he read law in the offiie of Samuel J. Kilbourne, Lansing, Michigau. Admitted to the bar of Michigan, by the Sujireme Court, October 11, 1888; to the ba:- of California early in 1889, and the federal courts the same year. Appointed a Judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County by Governor Pardee in 1885, and in 1906 was elected for full term, continuing to date. Member of California and Union League clubs of Los Angeles, State and Los An- geles Bar Associations, Chamber of Com- merce, and Municipal League. Republica'i. WILLIAM A. BOWDEN. Residence, 1028 The Alameda; office, Bank of San Jose Building, San Jose. Born in Cooperstown, New York, December 23, 1866. Son of Pierce and Cath- e r i n e (Grace) Bowden. Moved to California in 1876. M a r r ied December 12, 1894, to Alice I. Hobbs. Educated in the public schools of San Jose and Santa Clara College. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco, by the Supreme Court in August, 1886; United States District and Circuit Courts in June, 1894, in San Francisco, and admitted to jiractiee in the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, in San Francisco, in 1896. Admitted to practice in Supreme Court of the United States at Washington, D. C, December 19, 1902. Deputy County Clerk of the county of Santa Clara from 1888 until 1891. Member of the B. P. 0. E. and Eagles fraternities and Young Men's Insti- tute. Republican. J. W. BOURDETTE. Residence, Belmont, San Mateo County; office, Claus Spreekels Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in San Francisco, February 8, 1856. Educated in St. Ignatius College, San Francisco, and graduated therefrom in 1872. Studied law in the office of W. C. Burnett. Admitted by the Supreme Court to the bar ot California, at Sacramento, in 1890, prior to which time being Deputy County Clerk for ten years. Associated in the Law Depart- ment of the Southern Pacific Railroad Com- pany from 1890 to 1893. In 1893 associated in the practice of his profession with Col. E. F. Preston, which continued until May, 1905, since which time he has practiced alone. Member of the Olympic Club, San Francisco Bar Association, and B. P. O. E. fraternity. Republican. E. C. BOWER. Residence, 1121 S o' VI t h Hope Street; office, 709 Union Trust Building, Los An- geles. Born Oc- tober 18, 1849, ill Cuthbert, Georgia. Son of Hon. Isaac E. and A d a line (Breedlove) Bow- er. Married Oc- tober, 1879, to Harriet S, Baffin. Educated in the public schools of Georgia. Studied law in office of father in Bain- bridge, Georgia. Admitted to the bar of Georgia in December, 1868; California, 1886; and later to United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. Practiced law in Bainbridge, Georgia, where for two years he was in part- nership with Byron Bower, later practicing law in Blakely, Georgia, for ten years. In 1886 moved to Los Angeles, where he con- tinues the practice of his profession to date. Delegate to Democratic National Convention in St. Louis in 1876. Elected state senator for Georgia in 1877; Mayor of Blakely, Georgia, 1884. Democratic candidate for District Attorney of Los Angeles, 1894. Member of Los Angeles Bar Association, Masonic and Moose fraternities. Democrat. JOHN J. BOWIE. Residence, 2111 Pacific Avenue; office, Ne- vada Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, September 13, 1878. Son of Augusta J. and Elizabeth (Friedlander) Bowie. Attended Phillips Exeter Academy, New Hampshire, graduating therefrom in 1896 and from Hastings College of Law in 1900, receiving the degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, in San Francisco, in 1900, and commenced the prac- tice of his profession in association with the firm of Bishop & Wheeler. Enrored into 238 BIOGRAPHICAL partnership with Charles S. Wheeler, in Jan- uary, 1912. under the firm name of Charles S. Wheeler and .lohn F. Bowie, which con- tinues to date. Member of the University Club and San Francisco Bar Association. Republican. LELAND S. BOWEE. Residence. 1121 South Hope Street; office. 709 Union Trust Building. Los Au- i,Hdes. Born De- cember 24, 1SS2, ill Blakely, Geor- gia. Son of E. C. ;i n d Harriet (Datiiu) Bower, ^[oved to Califor- nia in 1SS(3. Edu- cated in the public and high schools of Los Angeles, and g r aduated from University of Southern California College of Law with degree of LL.B. in 1909. Admitted to the bar of California in 1909. Practiced his profession alone to date in Los Angeles. Member of the Masonic and B. P. O. E. fraternities and L. A. Athletic Club. Republican. DON G. BOWKER. Residence and office, Ventura. Born April 21, 187S, in Williams County. Ohio. Son of Homer G. and Belle (Bale) Bowker. Moved to California in 1899. Married May 20, 1909, to Ruth E. Blanchard. Educated in the public s.hools of Ohio and Ohio Wesleyan University. Studied law in offices of Hon. Robert M. Clarke of Ventura. Admitted to the bar of California, 190:?. Practiced law in Santa Paula for six months, when he moved to A'entura, where he continues the practice of law to date. Deputy County Clerk of Ven- tura County for two years. District Attorney of Ventura County since May, 1906. Mem- ber of Board of Education of Ventura, Masonic Order, Knights Templar and Knights of Pythias. Republican. ABRAM BERT BOWMAN. Residence, lOoo Ida Street; office, 208 M c X e e c e B u ilding, San Diego. Born Au- gust 2-t, 1876. in Glidden, I o w a. Sou of Samuel Thomas and Cath- erine (L a u c k) Bowman. M a r- ried July 23, 1902, to Edith Daven- p r t. Attended the public schools of Iowa and Mis- souri and gradu- ated from the In- d i a n a public schools in 1891. Moved to California in August. 1902, and entered the University of Southern Califor- nia, Law Department, graduating therefrom in June, 1905, with the degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in Los An- geles, June 21, 1905, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of this state. Commenced the practice of his pro- fession alone in San Diego and continued until July 1. 1910, when he entered into part- nership with E. E. Rodabaugh, practicing under the firm name of Bowman & Roda- baugh. which association continues to date, making a specialty in ]>atent. copyright and trademark law. Member of the 3d Regiment. Illinois National Guard, for several years. Member of the San Diego Bar Association. Republican. JAMES BOYER. Residence, 878 59th Street. Oakland; office, 370-376 Monadnock Building. San Francisco. Born October 4, 1875, in Breckenridge, Minnesota. Son of James Davenport and Harriet Bovor. Moved to California in 1885. Married October 19, 1901, to lona MacDonald. Received his early education in the grammar schools, and graduated from the Oakland High School in 1891. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, in San Francisco, August, 189C. Practiced law in Visalia. Tulare County, from 1896 to 1899. when he moved to San Francisco, where he continues in the practice of his pro- fession to date. Independent. BIOGRAPHICAL 239 DENIS EVARTS BOWMAN. Kesideuce, 316 North Broadway; office, Masou Buildiug, Los An- geles. Born No- vember 10, 1871, in Sidney, Maine. Son of Frank and Augusta (Heath) Bowman. Moved to the state of C a 1 i f o r n ia in 1910. Attended Oak Grove Semin- a r y, Vassalboro, Maine; Cob urn Classical I n s t i- tute, Waterville, Maine; Colby Col- lege, Waterville, Maine, receiving the degree of A.B. in 1893 and the degree of A.M. in 1896; later at- tending Columbia University and the Univer- sity of Pennsylvania. Admitted to the bar of Maine in 1900 and to the bar of California in 1910. and later to United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Practiced his profession alone to date. Prin- cipal of High School and Superintendent of Schools, Waterville, Maine. Latin Master of William Penn Charter School, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Member of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, and of the University Club of Los Angeles. Delivers lectures and ad- dresses on civic and educational topics. Au- thor of "Course of Study for Common Schools." JAMES D. BOYER. Residence, 409 West 2d Street; office, 7th floor of California Building, Los Angeles. Born .January 9, 1846, in Tompkins County, New York. Son of Thomas and Sarah (Griffith) Boyer. Moved to California in 1876. Married August 7, 1871, to- Harriet Hoffman. Educated in the public schools of New York and Michigan; Raisen Valley Seminary, Lenawee County, Michigan; East- man's Business College, Poughkeepsie, New York; Iowa Law School, Des Moines, Iowa. Admitted to the bar of Iowa, June 9, 1868; Dakota, September 10, 1868; Minnesota, February 12, 1872; and California, April 14, 1878. Practiced law in San Bernardino as a member of the firm of Waters, Swain & Boyer. Later in partnership with James A. Gibson, under the firm name of Boyer & Gib- son. Practiced law in San Franciseo' for several years, the last five of which was ixi partnership with his son, .James H. Boyer, under the firm name of Boyer & Boyer. En- gaged in the practice in Los Angeles to date. Private Co. "F," 12th Michigan Volun- teer Infantry, December, 1861. Sergeant Co. "A," 11th Michigan Infantry, February, 186.5. Brigadier General 1st Brigade, N. G. C, 1879-82. Member of K. of P., I. O. O. F. and G. A. R. Republican. CHARLES CALVIN BOYNTON. Residence, Ala- meda; office, Mills Building, San Francisco. Born July 13, 1874, in Rough and Ready, Nevada County, California. Son of John Calvin and Rose (Feist- c o r n) Boynton. Married June 11, 1899, to Florence Treadwell. R e- ceived his educa- tion in the public schools, Merced Academy, Oakland High School, Uni- versity of Califor- nia, and Hastings Law College. Admitted to the bar in San Franciseo in 1898, and in the federal and United States Supreme Courts. Became associated with Jas. F. Peck in 1900, and formed a partnership under the name of Peck & Boynton, in 1906, which association continued until the latter part of 1908, since which time he has practiced alone. Member of University of California Club and Commonwealth Club. Republican. NATHANIEL FORSYTH BRADLEY, Residence and office, Visalia. Born in Visalia, Tulare County, California, August 6, 1883. Son of Nathaniel O. and Virginia J. (Bequette) Bradley. Attended the grammar school at Visalia from 1892 to 1900; St. 240 BI OG h'Arn IC AL Mary's College. Oaklantl. Califoriiia. 1900 to 1903, receiviug the degree of A.B., and the Stanford University Law School, from 191)3 to 1907, receiving the degree of A.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of C'alitornia, at Los An- geles, in February, 190S. Commenced the practice of law in Visalia. May 1. 1908, with his father, and continues to date. Democrat. NATHANIEL O. BRADLEY. Reiublic schools of San Francisco, and Hastings College of Law from 1896 to 1890, when he received the degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, at San Fran- cisco, since which time he has jiracticed his profession alone. President of the Municipal Civil Service Committee, 1907-9. Democrat. ANDREW JAMES BRANAGAN. Residence. 75 l';iiiia>sus Axenuo; office, 1002-1032 Monadnock Building. San Fran- cisco. Born in San Francisco. California, October 19, 1883. Son of Christopher and Catherine E. (Ruddock) Branagan. Married in August. 1911, to Edna V. Raleigh. At- tended the Mission High School and the University of California, graduating there- from in 1907. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, in San Francisco, in 19t)9. Democrat. HENRY U. BRANDENSTEIN. Resident-o, (Jouyh street; ulliii'. :'.t)2 Mills Buililing, San Francisco. Born December 7, 1868, in San Francisco. Son of Joseph and Jane Brandenstein. Married January 2, 1905, to May Colman. Received his early education in the public schools of San Fran- cisco, and later attended Harvard College and Harvard Law School, from which he gradu- ated. Attended the University of California, and graduated in 1894 with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1894. and has continued in the active prac- tice of his profession alone to date. Member of the Board of Education in 1898; of the Board of Supervisors from 1900 to 1906. and of the Park Commission from 19efore the Supreme Court, in 1884. Elected Superior Judge of Solano County in 1884, and continues to hold that office to date. Granted Medal of Honor by Congress for meritorious comluct at Battle of the Wilder- ness, Civil War. Member of Knights of Pvthias, L O. O. F., B. P. O. E., M. O. L. L., a". O. U. W., and G. A. R. fraternities. Has been Grand Chancellor K. of P. and Deputy Comman Central Building, Los Angeles. Born August 10, 1884, Kitsap County, Washington. Son of William and Inga Christina (Johnson) Bull. Received his education in the public schools of Washington and California, and WILLIAM C. BURGESS. Residence, 320 Jayne Avenue, Oakland; office. First National Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in St. John, N. B., Canada, August 25, 1873. Son of Joshua C. and M. Helen (Noble) Burgess. Moved to Califor- nia in 1884. Graduate of grammar schools in Contra Costa County in 1890; Mount 246 BIOGU A PIIIC A L Tamalpais Military Academy iu 1894. Ad- mitted to the bar by the Supreme Court i:i 1.S98. Prai'ticed law in Placerville, Eldorado County, from 19l»0 to 19u9. Moved to Oaii- land and later to San Fraueiseo. Associated with K. X. Burgess Company as attorney and director from organization to date. JAMES MARK BURKE. Kcsid»'iiie a n d office, Vis alia. Born February 7. 1879, in Pfacor County, Califor- n i a. Son of Thomas and Mar- garet (McCarthy) Burke. Educated in the public scliools of Cali- fornia. G r a d u- ated from Uni- versity of Califor- nia with degree of B. L. in 1908, and received degree of .T. D. in 1910 from that institution. Admitted to the bar of California, 1910. Practiced law in Oakland until February, 1911, when he moved to Visalia, where he continues to date. Deputv District Attorney of Tulare County, California, since 1911. Supervisor of United States Census of the 3d Congressional Dis- trict of California, 1910. Member of Knights of Columbus, B. P. O. E. and Phi Delta Phi. Republican. CHARLES S. BURNELL. Residence, 'I-lsn West 2Sth Street; office, 300 B. F. Coulter Building, Los Angeles. Born in Elko. Nevada, September 21. 1874. Son of F. M. and Anna Loraine (Hoogs) Smith. Adopted by stepfather. Martin Bur- nell, in 1887 and took his name. Moved to California in .Tanuary 187.'). Married March 23, 1907. to Blanche' Tola Emery. Received his early education in the private schools in Sonoma and San Francisco. Graduated from the Trinitv School. San Francisco in 1890; from the Leland Stanford. Jr., University in 189.5 with degree of A.B. Took post- graduate course in law at that University in 1895 and 1896. Admitted to the bar of California in January. 1897. Member of the Masonic order and the Fraternal Brother- hood. Metropolitan and Stanford clubs. Re- fiublican. ALBERT GLENN BURNETT. Residence. Santa Rosa; office. State Capi- tol, Sacramento. Born April 9, 1856, iu Oregon. Son of Glenn O. ami Sarah M. (Rogers) Burnett. Married May 1. 1878, to Dora T. Hood. Moved to California iu 1860. Received his early education iu the public schools of California, later attending the Christian College, Santa Rosa. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco. Janu- ary, 1887. District Attorney of Sonoma County two terms— 1888 to 1892; Judge of the Superior Court of same county two terms — 1896 to 1906; Justice of the District Court of Appeal, Third District, from 1907 to date. Member of the Sutter Club of Sacramento. Republican. JAMES K. BURNETT. Residence, 143 Ward Street; of- fice, 3-4 Bank of San Luis Obispo Building, San Luis Obispo. Born on January 24. 1862, in San Luis Obispo County, California. Son of Wesley and Mary (Kennedy) Bur- nett. Married or. November 3. ISSH. to Susie E. Ray. Attended Reed Street School, San Jose, in 1875, and the University of the Pacific from 1876 to 1877. Attended the University of Southern California, 1882-1885. Admitted to the Supreme Court of California in San Fran- cisco, March 11, 1902, and to the United States Circuit Court in Los Angeles. March 1, 1909. Commenced the active practice of his profession in San Luis Obispo and tontin- ues to date. Member of Assembly. Califor- nia legislature, from 1897 to 1901. Member of the 1. O. O. F. fraternity. Republican. SAMUEL T. BUSH. Residence, 1317 Hyde Street; office, Monadnock Building. San Francisco. Born in Yokohama. .Japan. December 23. 1879. Son of Isaac and Theresa (Blass) Bush. Moved to this state in 1880. Married Febru- ary 16, 1902, to Rose Levy. Educated in the ]iublic and high schools of Oakland. Read law in the office of Frank J. Murphy. Ad- mitted to the bar December 14, 1904, at San Francisco. Member of the San Francisco Commercial Club. Independent. BIOGRAPHICAL 247 LEWIS FRANCIS BYINGTON. Residence, 1412 Post Street; office, Call Building, San Franeisec. Born in Downio- A'ille, Sierra County, California. Son of Lewis and Catherine (Freehill) Byington. Graduated from Santa Clara College in 1885, with the degree of B.S., and from Hastings College of Law in 1889, receiving the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California, at San Francisco, in 1889. Served three terms as District Attorney of the City and County of San Francisco— 1900 to 1906; the first District Attorney under the new char- ter. During his office he prosecuted and se- cured conviction of many of the most im- portant criminal cases in the history of San Francisco, including Cordelia Botkin for murder, and Martha Bowers for murder, which were both celebrated arsenical poisoti cases. Also prosecuted and convicted Leon Soeder, Sir Harry Westwood Cooper (for- gery), the Nolan gang for robbery, and also the murderers of Police Officer Robinson. Elected Supervisor of the City and County of San Francisco in 1898. Member of Na- tional Geographical Society. Member of N. S. G. W. and B. P. O. E. Democrat. ANDREW ARTHUR CALDWELL. Residence, 549 East Julian Street; office, 26-31 Rea Building, San Jose. Born in San Jose, January 25, 1881. Son of Thomas Bur- ney and Mary (Higginbotham) Caldwell. Attended the San Jose State Normal School, graduating in 1901, and the Stanford Uni- versity, receiving the degree of B.L. in 1905. Admitted to the bar of California, by the Supreme Court, in December, 1904, and the United States District Coairt. Republican. BERTRAM LEWELLYN CADWALADER. Residence, 2440 Jackson Street; office, Monadnock Bui Iding, San Francisco. Born February 4, 1875, a t Sacramento. Son of George ^ and Eliza Maria | (Bowen) Cadwal- a d e r. Received ' his education at Pensionnat Hac- cius, Lancy, Switzerland; Law- renceville School, from which he g r a d u a t ed in 1894; Yale Uni- versity, from which he received the degree of A. B. 1898, and later attended Hastings College of Law. Admitted to the bar in San Francisco, 1904. Secretary of Police Commis- sion of San Francisco, 1900-5. Secretary of Department of Electricity of San Francisco, 1900-4. Secretary of Chamber of Commerce of San Francisco, 1905. Secretary of San Francisco Real Estate Board, 1905-8. Secre- tary of Civic League of San Francisco, 1907-8. Member of the Alpha Delta Phi fra- ternity, Yale Chapter, Phi Delta Phi, Pom- eroy Chapter and University, Burlinganie, Olympic and Commonwealth clubs. Repub- lican. JOSEPH W. CALLAHAN. Residence, 1627 South Flower Street; office, 412-418 Higgins Building, Los An- geles. Born .Tulv 30, 1863, in Ricli- m n d, Virginia. Son of Dennis and Delia (Mc- Manus) Callahan. Married in 1892 to .Jane F. Keith (died in 1905) ; October, 1907, to Margaret Kier- stead. Moved to California, Octo- b e r, 1907. Edu- ciated in the pub- lic schools of Virginia and Illinois. Gradu- ated from Northwestern University in 1888, with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Illinois, 1888; New Jersey, 1895, and Cali- fornia, 1908. Practiced law in Chicago until 1893, when he moved to Newark, New .Jer- sey, where he was associated with the law firm of Coult & Howell for three years and was in partnership with Neilsou Abeel under 248 BIOGU A r II I (' A L firm name of Abeel &. Callahan for one year. In 1907 moved to Los Angeles, where he con- tinues alone to date. Republican. JOHN TYLER CAMPBELL. Residence and oftite, Santa Rosa. Born Sep- tember 9. lS43.;in Bowlinjj Green. Pike County. Missouri. Commenced the active practice of his profession in Kansas City, Missouri, and served as city attorney and prosecuting at- tornev of that citv. Moved to California in jiracticed alone. Elected District Attorney of San Joaquin County in 1877, in which office lie lontinueil for eight years. Member of the Boheuiian Club, San Francisco Bar Associa- tion and of the Masonic Fraternity. KEMPER B. CAMPBELL. Residence, 121G Crown Hill Avenue; office, SIO California Building, Los Angeles. Born .Tuly 5, 1881, in Adel, Dallas County, Iowa. Son of Dr. Solon B. and Carrie (Otter- 1874 and commenced the practice of his pro- fession in Santa Rosa, where he continues in the active practice of his profession to date. Served in the foreign service in China and Australia under President Cleveland's admin- istration. Member of the Masonic frater- nity and Knight Templar. JOSEPH CLAYBAUGH CAMPBELL. lirsideiKH". VX1'> (iough Stioot; otlico. Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in Oxford, Ohio, OctoVjer 31, 1852. Son of John Alex- ander and Ellen (Claybaugh) Campbell. Moved to the state of California in 1S7G. Received his early education under the tu- telage of his mother, and later read law with his uncle, Joseph Claybaugh, at Frankfort, Indiana. Admitted to the bar of Indiana in January, 1874, and to the bar of California in 1876. Commenced the practice of the profes- sion at Stockton, California, continuing there until 1889, when he came to San Francisco, and formed the firm of Reddy, Camjdiell and Metson. which continued until the death of Mr. Patrick Reddy, in 1900. The firm of Camp]>ell, Metson, Drew, Oatman & Mac- kenzie was then formed and continued until October 1, 1910, since which time he has man) Campbell. Attended public schools and high school at Adel, Iowa. Moved to California, 1893, and attended and graduated from the high school at Pomona, California, in 1899. In 1900 graduated from Williams' Business College, and later from the Browns- berger Home School, at Los Angeles. En- gaged in commercial pursuits until 1904, when he entered the Law Department of the University of Southern California and grad- uated therefrom in 1907, receiving the alumni gold medal for scholarship, and the degree of LL.B. In 1909 received the further de- gree of Master of Laws. Instructor and lec- turer on real property since 1910, and since 1908 instructor on torts and damages. Pre- siding .iudge of the practice court. Was electeart of 19j. Born Au- gust 19, 1881, Xew York City. Son of Anton and Mary (Husk) Cheroske. Moved to California, Oc- tober, 1910. Edu- cated in the com- mon schools of Wi s c n s in and graduated from the Milwaukee State Normal School in 1903. Received degree of LL.B. from the University of Minnesota in 1910. Admitted to the bar of Minnesota in June, 1910, and California, November 10, 1910. From 1908 to 1910, private secretary to the Hon. Edwin Ames Jaggard, Associate Jus- tice, Minnesota Supreme Court. In June 1912, formed partnership with Lee Riddle under the firm name of Riddle & Cheroske, which continues to date. Member of Masonic Or- der and City and Lawyers' Club. Repub- lican. ALLEN LAWRENCE CHICKERING. Residence, 621 Walsworth Avenue, Oak- land; office. Merchants Exchange Building, San Francisco. Born in Oakland, September 20, 1877. Son of William Henry and Caroline Amelia Clapp Chickering. Married Alma H. Sherman, May 19, 1903. Attended the Pitts- field High School, Pittsfield, Massachitsetts; Oakland High School, Oakland, California; Hotchkiss School, Lakeville, Connecticut; University of California, with the degree A. B., in 1898. Two years at Harvard Law School, and graduated in 1901 from Hastings College of Law with the degree of LL. B. Member of the firm of Chickering- Sc Gregory since 1903. NORTON PARKER CHIPMAN. Residence, 1431 I Street; office, Capitol Building, Sacramento. Born March 7, 1836, at Milford Center, Union County, Ohio. Son of Norman and Sarah Wilson (Parker) Chip- man. Married January 30, 1865, to Mary Isabel Holmes. Educated in the public and high schools of Iowa, and Washington Col- lege, Washington, Iowa. Attended Cincinnati, Ohio, Law School, graduating therefrom in 1859. Admitted to the bar of Iowa in Washington, 1859, and commenced the active practice of his profession in partnership with Joseph R. Lewis, which continued until the breaking out of the Civil War. Enlisted in Company "H," 2d Iowa Infantry, April, 1861. Served as 2d Lieutenant of that company and as Major of the regiment. Promoted to rank of Colonel and Adjutant A. D. C. on staff of Major-General Halleek, and assigned to duty as Chief of Staff to Major-Geueral Samuel R. Curtis, and later transferred to duty at Washington City, and served there until the end of the war. Appointed Secretary of Dis- trict of Columbia by President Grant. Elected delegate to Congress from that Dis- trict in 1871, serving two terms. Practiced law in District of Columbia until 1876, and later in Red Bluff, California, in partnership with Charles A. Garter. Appointed commis- sioner of Supreme Court in April, 1907, and served until District Court of Appeal was or- ganized. Appointed Presiding Justice by Governor Pardee of 3d District; elected and drew twelve year term. Director of the Cali- fornia Development Board, in which move- 260 B I OOIx A I' II I (' A L meut he is actively interested. Meiul)er of the Union League Club of San Francisoo, and the 8utter Club of SacranuMito, Cirand Army of the Hopublif and Loyal Legion, liepub- lican. ERWIN L. CHLOUPEK. K^'^ilUMU•l^ 4:?i Belvedere; oflU'e, Chronicle Build- ing, San Fran- cisco. Born in :\l:initowoc Coun- tv, Wisconsin, Oc- t<.l)er S, 187U. S(in of Joseph and Mary (Sullivan) » hloupek. Moved t(i California May 1. 19(14. Married (.11 May 14, 19(K), to Grace Brnck- niann. Attended country s c h o ol, Kossuth; Two Rivers High School and Mani- towoc High School of Wisconsin, and the University of Wisconsin from 1902 until 19().j, receiving the degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of Wisconsin June 20, 189.5; United States Circuit and District Courts for the Western District of Wisconsin, June 20, 189.5, and California, August 24, 1898. Mem- ber of the firm of Ellis, Merrill & Chloupek, at Green Bay, Wisconsin, from 1S97 until 1901, since which time he has continued the practice of his jirofession alone. Member of the 2d Wisconsin Infantry, Spanish-American War. Member of the Masonic fraternity and the Olympic Club. Kepublicaii. FREDERICK MINOT CURTIS CHOATE. Residence, 1888 West 22d Street; office, 320 West 1st Street, Los Angeles. Jiorn June 14, 1867, in Newark, Delaware. Son of Stephea Raymond and Sallie J. (Carter) Choatc Moved to California in May, 1908. Educated in the i)ublic schools of Delaware, West Ches- ter, Pennsylvania, State Normal School, Dela- ware College, and University of Maryland, Law School. Admitted to the bar of Mary- land, 1897; Washington, 19f)l; New York, 1902; California, 1908. Engaged in the prac- tice of law in Los Angeles to the present time. Dejnity City Prosecuting Attorney for Los Angeles since February, 1912. Nomi- nated for the Maryland Legislature in 1899. Memlier of Masonic fraternity and Metropoli- tan Club. T'rogressive Rejiuldican. WALTER CHRISTIE. Residence, 171(1 ^Larkct Street, Oakland; office. IIO.S Call Building, San Franciscc. Born in Albert Lea, Minnesota, November 27, 1SS.5. Son of Robert and Pauline (Ret- rum) Christophersen. Educated in the Ne- braska pul)lic schools, lS90-9(); Wisconsin public schools, 1896-97; Iowa public and high .schools. Moved to California June 1, 1900, and attended Oakland High School from 1900 to 1903. Entered the University of Washing- ton in 190.5 and the University of Californii in 1908. Admitted to the bar of California May 1,3, 1910, by the District Court of Ap- jieals. First Appellate District, at San Fran- cisco. Associated with l\ .1. Kierce since admission. Rejiulilican. CHARLES LEMUEL CLAFLIN. Residence and office, Bakersfield. Born m Lebanon, Van Buren County, Iowa, August 17, 1S.5S. Son of Ira and Hannah Wells (Richardson) Claflin. Moved to California September 1, 1880. Married Nellie Welsh May 7, 1884. Attended the public schools at Lebanon, Iowa, and later attended the Troy Academy for two years, at Troy, Iowa. Read law in the office of Ruthledge Lea at Keosa- qua, Iowa. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia August 1, 1881, and commenced the active practice of his profession in Modoc County. District Attorney of Modoc County, Califor- nia, 1883-84. Elected judge of the Sujierior Court of Modoc County in 1890 and continued in that office until 1897. Moved to Bakers- field in 1900, and continues in the active practice of his profession in partnership with Erwin W. Owen, under firm name of Claflin & Owen, to date. Repuldican. CHARLES CLARK, Residence, Carmel-by-the-Sea; office, 27 Theatre Building, San Jose. Born in Natchez, Mississippi, November 20, 1849. Son of John Taylor and Margaret (Nutt) Clark. Moved to California in December, 1873. Married March 28, 1877, to Emma Fowler. Received his early education by private tuition from his mother, and late* attended the academies and high schools of Kentucky and Mississippi. Admitted to the liar of California in .January, 187;5. Com- menced the ])ractice of his profession in Sail Francisco, continuing until 1884, when h-? moved to San Jose, where he continues to date, in the active practice of his profession. Democrat. DAVID CURTIS CLARK. Residence, Santa Cruz; office, 44 lo Pacific Avenue, Santa Cruz. Born in Illinois, .Tune 23, 18.57. Son of David Curtis and Martha Ann (Berry) Clark. Moved to California in 1S(53. ilarried in 1877 to Allie L. Crump. Attended the ])ublic schools and later gradu- ated from the Pacific ^lethodist College, at Santa Rosa, with the degree of B. A. Ad- BIOGRAPHICAL 261 mitted to the bar of California, at San Fran- cisco, September 8, 1898. City Superintend- ent of Schools from 1884 to 1906, and prin- cipal of the High School, Santa Cruz, from 1884 to 190(3. Mayor of Santa Cruz from 1902 to 1906. Member of the Board of Pub- lic Library Trustees of Santa Cruz from 1886 until 1902 and from 1908 to date. Chairman of County Committee from 1908 uutil present time. Democrat. OLIVER OREN CLARK. Residence, Glendale; office, 811 H. W. Hell- man Building, Los Angeles. Born in Cleve- land, Ohio, September 12, 1885. Son of Wallace Watson and Hetty Newton Clark. Moved to this state in December, 1902. Mar- ried October 6, 1908, to Fern Groonie Bynner. Attended the University of Southern Cali- fornia (Law Department), graduating June 18, 1908. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles in July, 1907. Formed part- nership with Frank C. Collier in December, 1907, under firm name of Collier & Clark in the general j^ractice of law, making a spe cialty of corporation law. President of Southern California Conference Epworth League for three years, and during 1907—8 president of Southern California Intercollegi- ate Oratorical Association. Member of the Federation Club of Los Angeles. Republican. WILLIAM CARTER CLARK. Residence, 53 Montecito Avenue; office, 812 Broadway, Oakland. Born October 13, 1869, in Foxcroft, Maine. Son of William Wallace and Amanda M. (Carter) Clark. Came to California in 1882. Received his education in the public schools of his native state and California, and attended the San Francisco Business College. Eutered the University of California and graduated therefrom in 1899 with the degree of Ph.B., later attending the Hastings College of Law. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco, June 13, 1900, and was engaged in commercial pur- suits until 1906, when he took up the active practice of his profession in Oakland and continues to date. Member of the Oakland City Board of Freeholders of 1910. Elected to the California legislature from the 50th District in 1910. Member of the Masonic, Knight Templar, and Scottish Rite frater- nities. Member of the Commonwealth Club of California. Republican. FABUIS M. CLARKE. Residence, San Francisco; office, Merchants National Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in Manchester, Indiana, June 10, 1853. Son of George W. and Lurinda (Wicks) Clarke. Attended the county schools of In- diana; Moore's Hill College, Indiana, from 1868 to 1871, and the Indiana State Univer- sity from 1871 to 1874, receiving the degree of LL. B. in the latter year. Admitted to the bar of Iowa in 1875. Associated with Brown & Campbell, of Davenport, Iowa, from 1876 to 1880. Admitted to the bar of Kan- sas, at Topeka. Practiced alone until 1891. Admitted to the bar at New York City in 1891. Practiced alone until 1905. Came to San Francisco, California, in 1906. Engaged in no business until he formed partnership with C. H. Kinsey, in 1910, under the firm name of Clarke & Kinsey, which continvies to date. Member of the Union League and Commonwealth clubs and of the Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. Republican. 262 ni OGRAPniCAL LUCIAN J. CLARKE. Kesidciiee a n d office. Poitorville. Horn in Colorado. 11, ISSi; Ciiirenee Marj;aret (Walker) -Moved Denver, March JSoii of .J. and .1 a n e ClarUe. to the state of Califor- nia in 1894. On September 7, 1909. married to Cyn- thia Cay. Gradu- ated from the I'niver s i t y of Michijrau in 1907, receivinjj the de- gree o f LL. B. Admitted to the V)ar at Los Angeles. September 2, 1907, when he fommenced the practice of his profes- sion alone to January 1, 1912; then moved to Porterville. California, where he continues the practice of his profession alone. Specializes in municipal bonds. Member of the Zeta Psi fraternity. Repul)licau. ROBERT M. CLARKE. Residence, I'.V.i'.i Kast ^lain Street; office. Courthouse. Ventura. Born in Ventura County. California, March 5, 1879. Son of Robert M. and Cynthia Edna Thurmond. Deceinl)er 27, 1900. Educated in the gram- mar and high schools of Ventura County, California. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia at Los Angeles by the Supreme Court. April. 19(10. and later admitted in the United States District and ( ircuit Courts of South- ern California. Member of the California Assembly. 1901-H. City Attorney of Santa Paula from 1901 until' 1906. Elected Judge of the Superior Court, Ventura County, in Xovember. 19(is, and continues to hold that office to date. ^lember of the Masonic fra- ternity. Knight Templar and Shriner. Grand Trustee the X. S. G. \V. and member of I. O. O. F. fraternities. Re])ublir;ni. WADE HAMPTON CLAY. Residence, 4G4 4th Avenue, San Francisco; office, .109 Pacific Building, San Francisco. Born September 7, lS(i7, Farmington, Mis- souri. Son of Wade H. and Mary E. (South- erland) Clay. Married September 7, 1S93. to Grace Meacham. Educated in the public schools and in the Baptist College of Farm- ington, ^lissouri. Moved to California Sep- tember 7, 1S9.3. Admitted upon examination by the District Court of Appeals, Novemb';r 2(5, 1907. Continues in the active practice of his profession alone. Republican. FRANK C. CLEARY, Residence, 2839 Webster Street; office, Le- gal Department, Southern Pacific Co., Sau Francisco. Born April, 1S()2, in San Fran- cisco, California. Son of Patrick and Julia Tarjiey Cleary. Received his education at St. Ignatius College, San Francisco, from which he graduated in 1S80, with degree of Master of Arts. Studied law in the offices of Garber, Thornton & Bishop from 1880 to 1883, during which time he attended Hast- ings College of Law, graduating therefrom in 1S83, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1883. From 1883 until 1890 he was associated with D. M. Delmas. He later became a member of the firm of Bull & Cleary. He practiced his pro BIOGRAPHICAL 26a fession alone from 1S94 to 1896, and then entered into partnership with A. L. Hart, formerly Attorney-General of California, prac- ticing with him under the firm name of Hart & Cleary, until the dissolution of the firm in 1900. He thereafter again jiracticed alone until June, 1910. Since that time he has been a member of the legal department of the Southern Pacific Company. Member of Knights of Columbus. URIEL THURSTON CLOTFELTER. Residence, 7.31 Eampart Street; office, 409 Kerckhoff Building, Los Angeles. Born Au- gust 4, 1870, in Nebraska. Son of Daniel C. and Sophia A. (Grove) Clotfelter. Married October 11, 1900, to Helen A. Smith. Re- ceived his early education in the public schools of Tulare County, California, having moved to this state in 1875. Graduated from Vanderbilt University in June, 1893, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted tO' the bar of Tennessee in 1893, and to the bar of Cali- fornia, in Sacramento, in the same year. Commenced the practice of his profession at Visalia, California, immediately upon his ad- mission, continuing there until June, 1900, when he removed to Los Angeles. Practiced in that city for one j'ear, when he was ap- pointed Assistant Attorney for the Atchison, Topeka, and Santa Fe Railroad Company. Republican. JOSIAH W. COAN. Residence, Salinas; office, 25614 Main Street, Salinas. Born in Carlisle, Pennsyl- vania, .January 25, 1859. Son of James H. and Mary E. (Alesworth) Coan. Moved to California in December, 1870. Married Au- gust 22, 1886, to Susan Rowley. Graduated from common schools of Eddyville, Iowa. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California, in San Francisco, April 28, 1891. Began practice of his profession in Monterey County, where he continues to date. Democrat. VIVIAN JOHNSON COBB. Residence, Hotel Melrose; office, 612 Cali- fornia Building, Los Angeles. Born April 25, 1885, in Lincolnton, North Carolina. Son of Theodorus H. and Ellen Vivian (Johnson) Cobb. Educated in the public schools of Asheville, North Carolina; Horner Military School, at Oxford, North Carolina; Mount Hermon School, at Mount Hermon, Massa- chusetts. Attended Princeton University from 1905 to 1907; University of Virginia Law School, 1907, graduating therefrom in 1909, with degree of B. L. Shortly after moved to California, where he was admitted to the bar of California, at Los Angeles, January 21, 1910. Member of the City Club of Los Angeles. Republican. WILLIAM HENRY COBB. Residence, 54 Commonwealth Avenue; office, Humboldt Bank Building, San Fran- cisco. Born August 18, 1860, at Clermont, Fayette County, Iowa. Son of Rev. William and Emma (Jubb) Cobb. Married to Edith S. Humphrey, July 11, 1906. Educated in the common schools of Iowa; Upper Iowa University, 1875-77, and the State University of Iowa, from which he graduated in 1883 with the degree of A. B. Graduated from the same University in 1886 with the degree of LL. B. Moved to California in 1883. Admitted to the bar of Iowa, June, 1886, and to the bar of this state in 1889, since which time he has continued in the active practice of his profession alone. Member of the Cali- fornia legislature in 1899. Attorney for City Auditor of San Francisco, 1901-5. Office of Attorney-General since 1906. Member of Masonic fraternity. Republican. GEORGE IRA COCHRAN. Residence, 2249 Harvard Boulevard; office, Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Building, Los Angeles. Born in Oshawa, Ontario, Canada, July 1, 1863. Son of George and Catherine Lynch (Davidson) Cochran. Attended the Tokyo Business College, Tokyo, Japan; Collegiate Institute, and the University of Toronto, at Toronto, Canada. Admitted to the bar at Toronto, Canada, as a barrister-at-law in February, 18S8, and to the Supreme Court of California in the same year. Actively engaged in practice of law in Los Angeles until March, 1906, un- der firm name of Cochran & Williams, now Williams, Goudge & Chandler. President of Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company. Member of Los Angeles Citv Charter Commis- 264 BIOGRAPHICAL sion in 1893. Trustee of State Normal School, Los Angeles. Member of the Civil Service Commission of Los Angeles. Member of Re- publican County Central Committee. Author of articles on ta.xation and advocate of taxa- tion reform. Trustee of the Los Angeles Y. W. C. A. and Y. M. C. A. Trustee and Treas- urer of the University of Southern California since 1892. Attorney for Los Angeles Clear- ing-House in panic of 1893 and thanked by that body for services. Member of California, Jonathan, University, Los Angeles Athletic, Los .\ngeles Country, Union League and Fed- eration clubs of Los Angeles, and Pacific Union and Bohemian clubs of San Francisco. JAMES W. COCHRANE. Resideme. :221i^ .Seott .Street; oflBce, oH"- .508 Hearst Building, San Francisco. Born May 29, 186S, in Newark, New .Jersey. Son of Michael F. and Anne (Fitzgerald) Coch- rane. Married December 22, 1890, to Lizzie G. Atwater. Moved to California in 1869 and receiveractice of law in San Diego in partner- ship with D. C. Collier and Sam F. Smith, under firm name of Collier & Smith, which continued for one year. 1902-3 practiced alone in Prescott. .\rizona. In 1903 removed to Los .\ngeles, practiced in partnership for a period with John W. Kemp under firm name of Kemp & Collier. In 1907 organized the law firm of Collier & Clark, which continues to date, he being the senior partner. Spe- cializes in probate and corporation law. Member of the Jonathan Club, Los Angeles. Member of Masonic fraternity. Republican. WILLIAM COLLIER. Residence. 1497 Lime Street. Riverside: office, Riverside, California. Born Feliruary 11, 1845, near Village of Birmingham, Van Buren County, Iowa. Son of David aud Lydia Ann (Lindsay) Collier. Married Octo- ber 29, 1872, to Elia J. Doolittle. Educated in the public schools of Keokuk. Lee (-ounty, Iowa, and in ^lonmouth College. Warren County, Illinois, graduating from the latter in 1869. Admitted to practice by the Dis- trict Court of Iowa, at Keokuk. September. 1870. In 1872 entered into partnership with I. H. Craig, practicing for eight years. From 1880 until 1884 was member of the firm of Craig, Collier & Craig. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1884, locating at San Diego the following year, where he practiced under the firm nanu' of Collier & Collier for about one vear. From 1892 to 1900 member of the firm of Collier & Evans, at Riverside; from 1900 to 1908, member of the firm of Collier iV: Carnahan; from 1908 to 1911, of the firm of Collier, Carnahan & Craig. In April, 1911. he again formed partnership with H. H. Craig, and continues the practice of his pro- fession to date. Served as 6th Corporal in Company "C," 45th Iowa Infantry, during Civil War. Republican. BIOGRAPHICAL 267 JAMES E. COLSTON. Kesid ence, Southern Club; office, 437-438 Pa- cific Building, San Francisco. Born in Ashville, St. €lair County, Ala- bama, July 29, 1 S 7 9. Son of Aaron and lihoda A. (Turner) Col- ston. Moved 1 California in 1902. Educated in pri- vate schools and by private tutors. Read law with P. G. Bowman, Bir- mingham, A 1 a- bama, and .John Goss in San Francisco. Admitted to the bar in California upon examination, May 13, 1910, and has practiced his profession since. Inspector of insurance accounts. Member of Southern Club. Socialist. FRANCIS MARION COLVIN. Residence, Oakland; office, Foxcroft Build- ing, San Francisco. Born in Oswego County, New York, March 21, 1870. Son of John C. and Susan B. (Wallace) Colvin. Married Grace S. Montgomery in 189'5. Received his education in the Leonardsville Academy, New York. Commenced teaching school at East Winfield, New York, and later in Ne- braska and Washington. Attended the Northern Indiana University and graduated from that institution, later entering the Law Department of Yale University and gradu- ated therefrom in June, 1905, with the de- gree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in 1906 and commenced the active practice of his profession and continues to date, practicing alone. Member of Masonic fraternity. Republican. WILLIAM M. CONLEY. Residence and office, Madera. Born in Mariposa County, July 17, 1866. Son of Matthew and Margaret (Ryan) Conley. Married Emma Bedesen of Merced, July 19, 1893. Educated in the public schools of Merced County and graduated from Stockton College in 188.5. After spending four years teaching school in this state he took up the reading of law in the San Francisco Law Library and was admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, on examination before the state Su- preme Court, January 7, 1891. Practiced his profession at Madera until 1893, when he was elected to the Superior Court bench on the creation of the new county of Madera, and has been re-elected at each succeeding elec- tion, serving at date. Member of B. P. O. E., F, O. E., K. of P., W. O. W., and Past Grand President N. S. G. W. Democrat. DANIEL MARION CONNER. Residence and office, Lindsay, Tulare County. Born near Marion, Grant County, Indiana, March 12, 1843. Son of Lewis and Orpha (Reeves) Conner. Married June 9, 1886, to Nettie Marie Joues. Education re- ceived in the district schools of his native state. Studied law in 1871. Admitted to tho District and County Courts in 1876; Superior Court of Alameda County, 1881; Supreme Court, November 26, 1S81. Elected Justice of the Peace of Washington Township, and 268 BIOG RA I'll I (' A L served one year — 1S80-S1. Commenced prac- tice of his jirofession in Oakland, moving to Livermore. Alameda County, in 1SS2. In February, issit, he was appointed Court Cam- niissioner of Alameda County, and moved to Oakland, i-ervinji for a period of two years. In ISiH he founded and edited the "Ilayward Review." anil located there, being also ap- jiointed City Attorney far the city of Hay- ward. From 1S96 to 1897 he maintained offices in Oakland and Pleasantou. and from IS97 to 190(5 at Pleasantou and Livermore. In February, 1906, he remove«l to Lindsay, where for two years he editetl the "Lindsay Gazette." Served as Delegate to Republican County Convention in April, 1906. Ap- pointed Justice of the Peace of Lindsay Townshiji, and entered upon the otKce Decem- ber S, 1906. Nominated and elected by the Republican, Democratic, and Prohibition par- ties in November, 1910. On the incorpora- tion of the city of Lindsay was appointed Judge of the Recorder's Court, which office, with that of Justice, he holds to date. Served through the Civil War from May 19. 1861, to May 15, 1865; as Orderly Sergeant, being in command of Company "K," First Indiana Cavalry, during the last year of tho war. Member of the Grand Army of the Republic and I. O. O. F. fraternity; also of the Lincoln-Roosevelt Republican League of Tulare County. Republican. NATHANIEL PAERISH CONREY. Residence, 163.3 Rockwood Street; office. Courthouse, Los Angeles. Born June 30, 1860. in Franklin County, Indiana. Son of David La Rue and Hannah (Jameson) Conrey. Moved to this state in February, 1884. Mar- ried November 21, 1890, to Ethelwyn Wells. Attended the ].ublic schools of Shelbyville, Indiana. Graduated from Indiana Asbury University, receiving the degree of A. B.. In 1881, and the degree of LL. B. from the University of Michigan in 1883. Admitted to the l>ar by the Supreme Court of Califor- nia, at Los Angeles, October 14, 1884, and to the United States Circuit Court for the Southern District of California, January 9. 1888. City Attorney of Pasadena from 1886 to 1887. Member of the Board of Education of the City of Los Angeles from 1897 to 1898. Member of the Assembly from 75th District, 1899-1900, since which time he has been Judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles. Member of the Masonic fraternity and of the Union League and University clubs of Los Angeles. Republican. ALBERT JOSEPH COOGAN. Residcme. 74s Oakland Avenue, Oakland: office. Merchants Exchange Building, San Francisco. Born in Oakland, December ^, 1883. Son of Timothy Christopher and Mary (Watson) Coogan. Graduated from the Oak- land High School in 1902; University of Cali- fornia, with the degree of B. L., in 1906, and Hastings College of Law in 1908, receiving the degree of LL. B. Af Directors of the Society of California Pio- neers 1896-1909, and President of that Soci- ety from July, 1898, to July. 1899. Grand Master of Masons in state of Iowa, 185.5-56, Knight Temjilar. Royal Arch and Scottish Rite Mason, having received the 33d degree. ROBERT HAKMER COUNTRYMAN. Residence, 1707 Octavia Street; oflice. Mills Building. San Francisco. Born in Philadel- phia. Pennsylvania, September 11, 1864. Son of George anpublican. HARRY THORNTON CRESWELL. Residence. 2412 Webster Street; office, Ad- dison Head Building, San Francisco. Born in Eutaw, Greene County, Alabama. Son of David and Gertrude (Thornton) Creswell. Moved to California in 1870. Educated in a school conducted by Prof. Henry Turtwiler, at Greene Sjirings, Hale County, Alabama. Admitted to the bar of Nevada in 1874, and to the bar of California in 1888. District At- torney of Xye County, Xex.ida, lS75-7(). State Senator of Nye County, Nevada. 1877- 80. District Attorney of Lander County, Nevada, 1881-8(5; City Attorney of San Fran- cisco, 1893-98, when lie resigned and became a member of the law firm of G;irber, Creswell & Garber. Appointed Police Commissioner of San I'rancisco in 190G and resigned in 19(17. Democrat. WILEY F. CRIST. Residence, 121 mont; office, 24 Francisco. Born vember 3, 1878. (Fowler) Crist Moiiticollo .\veiiue, Pied- Montgomery Street, San in Victoria, Illinois, No- Son of P. A. and Mary Married to Frances Warner, Felininrv 1.1, 19(i9. .Moved to this state in 1904. Attended public and iugli schools ami Columbian (now (ieorge Washington) Uni- versitv, from which lie received -the degree of LL. B. in LS9S and LL. M. in 1899. Ad- mitted to the bar at Olympia, Washington, .raiiuary 17, 1902. Admitted to California, 19(i4. Connected with tiie firm of Ballinger, Ronal & Battle, Seattle; and with Francis BrowiK 11 of Everett, Washington. From 1904 until October, 1911, alone, when he formed a partnership witii Albert L. John«on, under tiie firm name of Crist Si .Tohnson, which con- tinues to date. Mendier of tlie Bar Associa- tion, Presidio Golf Club. Keiiublican. ^La- sonic fraternity. JOHN ROCHE CRONIN. Residence and oflice. iienici.-i. Horn No- veudier 1, 1873, in Ireland. Son of .Tohn and ]Marv (Roche) Cronin. Moved to Cali- fornia in :May, 1889. Married October 14, liliil, to Klliiior J. Farlev. Attended the iia- BIOGRAPHICAL 277 tional schools in Ireland, and the Lincoln Evening School in San Francisco, graduating therefrom in 1903. Admitted to the bar of this state by the District Court of Appeals in Sacramento July 20, 19U8. Entered into partners'hip with C. F. Stewart, practicing under the firm name of Stewart & Cronin, with ottices in Fairfield, Vallejo, and Benicia, in 1909, and continued until 1911, when Mr. Stewart moved to Santa Rosa. Continues in active practice of his profession in Benicia to date. Elected to the office of Assembly- man from Solano County, 20th District, in November, 1908, and again in November, 1910. Eepublicau. AVON H. CROOK. Residence, 171.5 Pacific Avenue; office, Mills Building, San Francisco. Born July 2(3, 1874, in San Francisco, California. Son of W. C. and Mary (Whitfield) Crook. Ed- ucated in St. Joseph's College, Sydney, N. S. W., and later entered University of Michigan, where he studied law, graduating with degree of LL. B. in 1902. Admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of the state of Michigan, June, 1902. In July, 1902, admitted to all courts having jurisdiction in Hawaii. In May, 1908, admitted to all courts of Ca:ii- fornia. Commenced the practice of his pro- fession in Hawaii, which continued until 1908, when he moved to San Francisco, and has since practiced alone in that city. Repub- lican. WILLIAM B. CROOP. Residence, Merced; office, Courthouse, Merced. Born January 12, 18.52, in Tunkhan- noek, Pennsylvania. Son of Peter S. and .Tulia (Sleagle) Croop. Married September 1, 1886, to Grace M. Beecher. Received his education in the public schools of his native state and later attended Wyoming Seminary at Kingston, Pennsjdvania. Taught school in Pennsylvania for seven years, moving to Cali- fornia in 1877 and teaching school in Merced until 1S98. Was admitted to the bar of this state by the Supreme Court in 1904. Commenced the practice of his profession in .January, 1907, in Merced, and continues in active practice to date. Elected Justice of the Peace in November, 1910, and continues i]i that office at the present time. Member County Board of Education from 1894 to 1898, and elected County Clerk, during which period he studied law. Member of the I. O. O. F., W. 0. W., and Masonic fraternities. Demo- crat. 278 BIO Gil A }' H I C A L PETER J. CROSBY. Residence, llaywanl. Alaiiieila County; office. 1007 '2 Broadway, Oakland. Born in Centerville, Alameda County. California, March 1, 1872. Son of Edward and Mary (Sullivan) Crosby. Married June 30. 189(3, to Agnes L. Haley. Attended the Center- ville grammar schools. Oakland High School and the University of Michigan. Admitted to the bar of California, in San Francisco, December, 1895. Commenced the practice of law in Irvington, California, in 1898, where he continued until 1899, when he moved to Hayward. Entered into partnership with Gibson & Woolner, in Oakland, in 1903, which continued until 1906. when the firm was dissolved. Practiced alone until February 1, 1910, when he entered into partnership with Geo. H. Richardson. Republican. CHARLES W. CROSS. Residence, J.j>1 Versailles Avenue, Ala- meda; office, Balboa Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in Syracuse, New York, May 28, 1848. Son of Aaron and Mary .Jane (Rose) Cross, Educated in Illinois public schools and Northwestern University. Was admitted to the Supreme Court of Illinois in Ottawa, Illinois, in 1870. Practiced in Illinois to 1872; then removed to California and re- sumed practice in 1875. Admitted to Supreme Court of California, in Sacramento, California, in 1875; United States Supreme Court in Washington, D. C, in 1885. Practiced in San Francisco since March, 1886. Xow mem- ber of firm of Cross & Xewburgh, making a specialty of mining rights. CHARLES CONOLY CROUCH. Residence, Ken- s i ngton Park; ffi c e , 324-326 Keating Building, San Diego. Born in Keota, Iowa, .Tanuary 9, 1876. Son of Levi Ben- ton and Susie W. (Chesney) Crouch. Married June 4, 1901, to Iva M. Johnson. At- tended Pawnee City, Nebraska, public schools, and Pawnee City A c a demy, and later Fremont Normal School, Fremont, Nebraska, and the University of Nebraska, from which he received the de- gree of LL. B. in 1900. Admitted to the bar of Jowa in 1901, to the bar of Washington in 1906, and to the bar of California in 1907. Member of the law firm of Crouch & Crouch, Los Angeles, and San Diego. Lec- turer of Chicago Correspondence Sciiool of Law on "Employer's Liability Laws." Spe- cialty, the law of accidents and damages. Awarded a gold medal for oratory while in University. Member of the University Club of Los Angeles. Nonpartisan. RALPH HERBERT CROSS. Kesidence. (I.")!' K;ist liitli Street, Oakland; office, 645 Mills Building. San Francisco. Born in Sacramento County. September 4, 1S74. Son of John Francis Cross and Sarah Jane (Meserve) Cross. Married October 1, 1900, to Maud E. Lutts. Graduated from Sac- ramento County public school, May. lS9ti; Au- burn Grammar School, May, 1891. In Au- gust, 1891, he entered the Academy of California College (East Oakland), and com- pleted the three year Preparatory Course and the four year College Course in May, 1897, receiving degree of A. B. During tlio last year in California College he completed the first year of Hastings Law School and gradu- ated from there in May, 1899, receiving the degree of LL. B. of the University of Cali- fornia. While in law school studied in the office of Hilborn & Hall, and was admitted to the bar in May, 1899. Republican. GEORGE W. CROUCH. Residence, L o s Angeles; ffi c e , 3 15 Laughlin Build ing, Los Angeles. Born in Delta, Iowa, De- cember, 1, 1879. Son of Levi Ben- ton and Susie W. (Chesney) Crouch. A t tended high school, P a w n e e C i ty, Nebraska, the University of Nebraska, College of Law, and th(> U n i V e r s i ty of Michigan, Colleg;' of Law. Admit- ted to the bar of California at Los Angeles, July 17, 1906. In partnership with his brother, Harry H. Crouch, under firm name of Crouch & Crouch. Engaged in the practice of law in Los Angeles, making a specialty of personal in- jury cases and street law. Democrat. HARRY H. CROUCH. Office, Homer Laughlin Building. Los An- geles. Born in Delta, Iowa, September 29, 1882. Son of Levi B. and Susan W. (Ches- ney) Crouch. Moved to California in 1904. Graduated from Pawnee City High School, BIOGRAPHICAL 279 Pawuee City, Nebraska, June, 1900. Taught in the schools of Nebraska for two years. Graduated through the American Correspond- ence School of Law, Chicago, Illinois, with de- gree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar at Los Angeles, August 24, 1910, since which date he has been a member of the firm of Crouch & Crouch. Member of the Los Angeles Athletic Club. SAMUEL EUGENE CROW. Eesidenee, Santa Barbara. Born July IS, 1860, in Ashland, Illinois. Moved to Ne- braska in 1860. Left Nebraska in 1875, traveling in covered wagon as far as Tucson, Arizona; from there to California on horse- back, arriving in San Diego County in the spring of 1876. Educated in the public schools of Nebraska and California. At- tended Hastings Law School in San Fran- cisco for one year, after which lie studied law in the offices of W. C. Stratton, now deceased, in Santa Barbara. Admitted to the bar of San Luis Obispo County in 1884; shortly af- terward to the bar of Santa Barbara County; to the Supreme Court of California, April 10, 1901, and later to the United States Cir- cuit Court and United States District Court of Southern California. Practiced law in Santa Maria until 1889, when he moved to Santa Barbara, where he has lived to the pres- ent time. Justice of the Peace at Santa Maria, 1881-82. Appointed Superior Judge of Santa Barbara County by Governor George C. Pardee, in January, 1907. In 1908 elected to that office for the full term of six years. Member of the California Bar Association. Republican. LETUS N. CROWELL. Eesidenee, 1000 Haight Street, office, Russ Build- ing, San Fran- cisco. Born in G r angeville. Kings County, California, A p ril 21, 187.5. Son of Abner Buel and Mary (Kanawyer) Crowell. Married Leona Lewis o n S e p t e m ber 26, 1905. Graduated from H a n f o r d G r a mmar School in 189.3; Hanford Union High School in 1896. Entered the University of California in 1897 and gradu- ated in 1900 from the Law Department des- ignated Hastings College of the Law. Was admitted to practice in 1900 in this state and to the federal courts in 1901. Entered into partnership with his brother and started in the practice of his profession in Hanford, Cal., under the firm name of Crowell & Crow- ell. Upon decease of his brother one year later he continued his practice alone in Han- ford until April, 1906, when he moved to San Francisco and has since been practicing law in San Francisco alone. Member of the Ma- sonic fraternity. Republican. LEWIS CRUICKSHANK. Residence, 12 7 West 25th Street; office 702 Fer- guson Building. Born March 15, 1884, in Sheffield, England. Son of .Tames F. and An- n i e (G i n g e 1 1) Cruickshank. Married June 21, 1905, to Grace D. Hendrick. E d u- cated in the pub- lic schools of Banffshire, S c o t- land; Lincoln High School. Santa Monica; and graduated from the LTniversity of Mich- igan, Law Department, 1908, with degree of LL.B. Moved to California in 1896 from Banffshire, Scotland. Admitted to the bar of Tennessee in 1907; Michigan, 1908; Califor- nia, 1909; and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. Practiced law alone in Los Angeles until January 1, 1912, when he formed part- 280 BI OG R A PTT J r A L nership with W. K. SoRelle, uiulcr the firm name of SoRell & I'riiickshank, which oon- tiuues to (Into. Moiiiber of Masonic order, Michifjan Alunini Association and Craftsman Club. Democrat. GEORGE EDWARD CRYER. Residence, ;5Si;:2 Ingrahani JStroet; ollice, 517 Merchants Trust Building. Los Angeles. Born in Waterloo. Nebraska, May IH, 1S75. Son of John B. and Elizabeth (CJrauge) Cryer. Came to California in ISS.j. Married Isabel G. Gay, September 6, 1900. Received his ed- ucation in the public schools of Los Angeles, completing in the University of Michigan in 190.3, graduating with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to practice in the state of Michi- gan in 1903; to California and the United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California the same year. First Sergeant Comi>anv "G," Seventh California Volunteer Infantrk', 1S98. First Assistant UniU^d States District Attorney for the Southern District of California for the year 1911, and resigned February 1, 1912, to accept the appointment of Assistant City Attorney for Los Angeles. Member Knights of Pythias. Assistant editor Michigan Law Review, 1903, representing California. Republican. O. K. GUSHING. Residence, 37 7th Avenue; oflice, First Na- tional Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in 1865, in Virginia City, Nevada. Son of John M. and Anne M. (Kennedy) Gushing. Married in 1899 to Ida G. Griffin". Educated in the public schools of California. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco in 1895. Commenced the active practice of his profession in 1896, as a member of the firm of Muliany, Grant & Cushing, which partner- ship was dissolved upon the death of Michael Muliany in 1903. In 1908 he entered into partnership with his brother, C. S. Cushing, jiracticing und(>r the firm name of Cushing 6: Cusliiiig, wliiiii continues to date. Democrat. GEORGE ROGERS CURTIN. Residence, H o- tel Victoria; o f- fice, 20214 South H r o a d way, Los Angeles. Born S e p t e m b er 18, 18 85, in Elniira, New York. S o n f Andrew a n d Ellen (Rogers) Curtin. Moved to California in 1903. Educated in E 1- m i r a Free Acad- e m v; Manzanita Hall", Palo Alto. Graduated fro m U n i V e r sity f Southern Califor- nia College of Law in 1911 with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1911, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Practices law in Los Angeles alone to date. Member of Phi Delta Phi fraternity. Demo- crat. JOHN T. CURTIN. Residence, 428 West 2d Street; oflice, 326 West 1st Street, Los Angeles. Born July IS, 1878, in Ontario, Canada. Son of Joseph and Ellen (Heaphey) Curtin. Moved to Califor- nia in 1903. Graduated from Ottawa Col- BIOGRAPHICAL 281 lege, CaDada, in 1897. Admitted to the bar of California January 16, 1912. Engaged in general practice in Los Angeles to date. Member of Troopi "C," lltli Eegiment, United States Volunteer Cavalry for two years dur- ing the Spanish- American War and Philip- pine insurrection. Member of K. of C, B. P. 0. E., Y. M. I. and United Spanish War Vet- erans. Republican. CHARLES STUART GUSHING. Residence, 1141 Taylor Street; office, First Xational Bank Building, San Francisco. Born December 28, 1867, in San Francisco, California. Son of John Morland and Anne M. (Kennedy) Gushing. Married August 10, 1903. Educated in the public schools of Married in 1887 to Eicula M. Warner. Re- ceived his education in the public schools of California, and was admitted to the bar of this state in 1886. Commenced" the practice of his profession in association with S. M. Buck, of Eureka, where he continued in the practice until his removal to San Francisco in 1902. In that year he associated with Hon. J. M. Gillett, which continues to date. Elected Judge of the Superior Court, Del Norte County, in 1898, and served until 1902. CHARLES PRYDE CUT TEN. Residence, 16 Commonwealth Avenue; of- fice, Humboldt Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in Eureka, California, May 8, 1875. California and Oakland High School. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in San Fran- cisco, January, 1891, and commenced the active practice of his profession. Immedi- ately entered law office of Michael Mullany and Wm. Grant, and in 1893 became associ- ated with those gentlemen under the name of Mullany, Grant & Cushing, which association continued till the death of Michael Mullany in 1903. O. K. Cushing joined the above firm in 1896, and since 1908 O. K. and C. S. Cushing have been associated together under the firm name of Cushing & Cushing. Mem- ber of the San Francisco Bar Association and the Bohemian Club. Democrat. FLETCHER ARNOLD CUTLER. Residence, 3990 Washington Street; office, 506 Crocker Building, San Francisco. Born in Tuolumne County, California, in 1863. Son of Thomas and Sarah L. (Buck) Cutler. Sou of David Page and Katherine (McGrath) Cutten. Married September 18, 1906, to Marjorie V. Barnes. Attended the Eureka Grammar School, 1883-91; Eureka Academy, 1891-93; and graduated from Stanford Uni- versity in 1899, receiving the degree of A. B. in law. Admitted to the bar June, 1901, before the California Supreme Court Commis- sioners. Practiced law in Eureka in partner- ship with T. H. iSelvage from 1904 to 1909, w^hen he became a member of the Emreka branch of the firm of Gillet & Cutler. Moved to San Francisco June 1, 1911. Member of the Assembly in California legislature, 1907, 37th Session. Member of California Senate 1909-11, 38th and 39th Sessions. Appointed chairman of Finance Committee, 1911. Mem- ber of Hold-Over Committee, which drew California Bank Act in 1908. Appointed at- torney for California State Commission in Lunacy, June 1, 1911. Member of Union League Club. Republican. 0«9 BlOGIi A Fine A L ALFRED DALTON, JE. Resitleiu-e. 20U3 L 8treet; office. Labor Temple, Sacramento. Born October 21, 1S58, in Benicia, California. Married in 1885 to Hannah Newmark. Educated in the public schools of Benicia, Califoruia, until thirteen years of age, when he engaged in the print- ing trade. For fifteen years was publisher of "New Era," Benicia, Solano County, 1880 to 1895. From 1895 to 1900 published "The News," Martinez, Contra Costa County, and from 1902 to 1905 was employed in the State Printing Office. Admitted to the bar of Cal- ifornia in Sacramento, 1905. Commenced the practice of his profession immediately after admiss^ion in Sacramento, California, and con- tinues in active practice to date. Member of N. S. G. W., Knights of Pythias, Masonic fraternities, and Typographical Union. Re- publican. FRANCIS HERBERT DAM. Residence. l^OO Shattuck Avenue, Berkeley: office. Pacific Building, San Francisco. Born in Wheatland. Yuba County, California, Jan- uary 17. 1874. Son of Cyrus King and Frances Leoni (Scott) Dam. Married June 29. 1904, to Inez Shippee. Attended the Academy of California College in Oakland from 1890 to 1892. Received the degree of A. B. in 1896 from the University of Cali- fornia. From 1897 to 1900 attended Hastings Law College, obtaining the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of this state May 28, 1900. prior to which he studied law in the offices of "W. S. Goodfellow and Garrett W. McEnerney. Republican. EUGENE DANEY. Residence, 2131 Albatross Street; office. First National Bank Building, San Diego. Born October 11. 1862. in Bordeau.v, France. Son of Michel and Marguerite (Dutruch) Daney. Moved to California with parents in 18(55, and received early education in public schools of San Francisco. Later entered Hastings College of the Law, graduating therefrom with class of 1885, receiving de- gree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia June 1, 1885, in San Francisco, and immediately commenced practice of his pro- fession in that city. Moved to San Diego, November, 1887. Appointed Assistant Dis- trict Attorney of San Diego County the fol- lowing year, serving for three years. Police Commissioner of the city of San Diego, 1896- 1900. Is at present time director and attor- ney of First National Bank of San Diego; also trustee of San Diego County Law Li- brary. Member of the Cuyamaca and Uni- versity Clubs of San Diego, the American Bar Association, California State Bar Asso- ciation, and San Diego County Bar Associa- tion (three terms president of the latter); Past ]\raster Silver Gate Lodge, No. 296, F, & A. M.; Past Noble Grand Sunset Lodge, No. 328, I. O. O. F.; Past Exalted Ruler San Diego Lodge B. P. O. E. Republican. REES PRICE DANIELS. Residence. 447 Eddy Street; office, 953 Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born November 29, 1848, in Merthyr Tydfil. Wales. Son of Rees and Ann (Thomas) Daniels. At- tended the public schools of Pennsylvania, later entering the Law Department of the BIOGRAPHICAL 283 Coliinibian University of \Yashinston, D. C, i-eeeiviug the degree of LL. B. in 1885, and in 1886 receiving the degree of Master of Laws from the University of Georgetown, Wash- ington, D. C. Was admitted to the bar of the Supreme Court, District of Columbia, June 1, 1886; Pennsylvania, August 19, 1887, and Washington, September, 1887. Moved to California in 1903 and was admitted to the bar at San Francisco, August 11, 1903, and con- tinues to date. ARTHUR J. DANNENBAUM. Eesidenee, 2611 California Street; office, Pacific Building, San Francisco. Born July 6, 1876, in Gilroy, California. Son of Joseph and Adele (Loupe) Dannenbaum. Married June 4, 1902, to Alice Haas, at New Orleans. Received his earlv education in the public October 22, 1910. Attended public schools of Doylestown, Pennsylvania, in 1870-72; Smith's English and Classical Seminary, Doylestown, Pennsylvania, in 1873; State Normal, in West Chester, Pennsylvania, schools of San Francisco, and later attended the University of California, graduating therefrom in 1898 with the degree of Ph. B. While at that institution participated in two intercollegiate debates between the University of California and Stanford. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1899 and immediately commenced the active prac- tice of his profession in association with Myer Jacobs, with whom he continues to date, making a specialty of probate and commercial law. Member of the Masonic fraternity, 32° and Shriner. Republican. BARTON DARLINGTON. Residence, 214 North Olive Street; office, 525 Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born in Hudson, St. Croix County, Wisconsin, Novem- ber 13, 1858. Son of Francis and Mary (Allen) Darlington. Moved to this state, Februarv 23, 1887. Married Lela A. Monroe 1878-80, taking optional course, preparatory to study of law. Studied law in the office of Monaghan Bros., at West Chester, Pennsyl- vania, and was admitted to the bar of Penn- sylvania June 26, 1885; Wyoming in 1886; California, 1888. Practiced law in West Chester, Pennsylvania, for one year, when he removed to Cheyenne, Wyoming, where he practiced until 1887, when he moved to Los Angeles, where he has practiced alone to date. Member of Company "I," 6th Regiment, National Guard of Pennsylvania, 1882-86. Member of the Municipal League and City Club of Los Angeles. Democrat. G. A. DAUGHERTY. Residence, Sa- linas; office, Mon- t e rey County Bank Building, Salinas. Born near Coshocton, Ohio, August 15, 1861. Son of John and Eliza- beth (Dickie) Daugherty. Moved to C a 1 i f o r nia, 1884. Married Emma Littlefield March 7, 1889. Attended the pub- lic schools and Muskingum Col- lege of Ohio, grad- uating in 1884 with the degree of B. S. Read 2S4 r.ioG n A p n ic a l law in the office of Hiram I). Tuttle, in Salinas, California. Adniittoil to the bar of California in San Francist-o in 1888. Began the jirartice of his profession in Salinas, en- terinjj into partnership with Hiram D. Tuttle, under the firm name of Tuttle & Daugherty, which continued until ]S9(l, when Mr. Tuttle moved to San .lose. In 1S91 formed partner- ship with Judge J. K. Alexander, under the firm name of Alexander & Daugherty, which continued until 1897. Now associated witli C. F. Lacey, under the firm name of Daugli- erty & Lacey. United States commissioner since 189(i. Member of the Union League Clul) of San Francisco. Republican. CHARLES CASSAT DAVIS. Residence, lliuO Ingraiiam Street; office, 448 Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, October 5, 1851. Son of Timothy J. and Caroline M. (Cassat) Davis. Moved to California in 18So. Educated in the public schools of Cincinnati. Graduated from Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, 1873, with the degree of A. B. Degree of A.M. in 1876. Graduated from the Colum- bia College, Law School, New York, 187.5. Admitted to the bar of Ohio in 1875; New York, 1875; and California, 1885. Member of the Ohio House of Representatives, 1879- SO; also of the .lonathan and University clubs. Republican. EDWIN A. DAVIS. Office, Pacific Mutual Building, Los An- geles. Born .Tune 30, 1839, in Genesee, New York. Son of Thomas and Sarah (Randell) Davis. Moved to California in 18(39. Mar- ried .January 1, 1865, to Emogene W. Wag- goner. Educated in the ])ublic schools cf New York and New York State Normal Col- lege. Graduated from Hamilton (N. Y ) College in 1867 with degree of LL.B., and in 1883 received degree of A. M. from Tuft's College, Boston, Massachusetts. Admitted to the bar of New York in 1867; California, 1869, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of California. Com menced the practice of law in Colusa, Cali- fornia, as member of the firm Eastman & Merrill. This firm continued for eight months, when he moveointed, by President McKinley, to be an associate justice of the Supreme Court of the Territory of Arizona. Was reappointed by President Roosevelt, and served in that ca- pacity until April, 1905, when he retired from the bench and re-entered the practice of his profession at Los Angeles, California, being now actively engaged therein. Served au appointive term during 1909-10 as judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County. Delegate from Ohio to the National Republi- can Convention of 1896, and served one year as vice-chairman of the Republican State Central Committee of that state. Member of the Union League and Federation Clubs of Los Angeles and the Overland Club of Pasadena. Is a thirty-second degree Mason and a Shriner. Member of the Order of Knights of Pythias. Member and Trustee of First Presbyterian Church of Pasadena. Republican. HENRY H. DAVIS. Residence, 1101 Masonic Avenue; office, Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born September 27, 1860, in Exin, Germany. Son of Max and Dora Davis. Moved to California in ISCS and received his early education in the practice of his profession, which continues to date. Member of the Masonic fraternity, York and Scottish Rites, Shrine, Knights of Pythias, B. P. O. Elks, Foresters of America, A. O. LT. W. and of the Bar Association of San Francisco. HIRAM G. DAVIS. Residence, 16 Chenery Street; office, 421 Mechan- ics' Bank Build- ing, San Fran- cisco. Born in Davisburgh, Mich- igan, July 21, 1861. Son of John C. and Sarah (Griswold) Davis. Married Rebecca Johnson in 1890. Moved to Califor- nia in 1894. Re- ceived his early education in the public schools of Michigan. Grad- uate of the Law Department of the Univer- sity of Michigan at Ann Arbor in 1890. Ad- mitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the state of Michigan in 1890; Supreme Court of the United States at Washington, D. C, 286 BIOGl! A PIIIC A L April 27, 1893; Supreme Court of the state of California on the 11th day of May, 1894. Was Democratic candiilate for Congress in the oth District of California in 190G. Mem- ber of the B. P. O. E. No. 3. San Francisco, Loyal Order of Moose No. 26, San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, Home Industry League, Rough Riders, Down Town Associa- tion. Democrat. JOHN F. DAVIS. Residence, 14;!<> Masonic Avenue; office, 1-104 Humboldt Bank Building, San Fran- cisco. Born dune 5, 18.39, on Angel Island. Marin County, and received his early educa- tion in the public schools of San Francisco, and later graduated from Harvard College, Cambridge, Massachusetts, receiving the de- gree of A.B. in 1S81. Studied law at the Hastings College of Law% University of Cali- fornia, whence he graduated in 1884, and was admitted to practice in this state the same year. Appointed .judge of the Superior Court of Amador County by Governor Markham, and afterward served a term as state senator, representing the 10th Senatorial District, at that time comprising the counties of Amador, Calaveras, Alpine, and Mono. Appointed Code Commissioner for the state of Califor- nia, by Governor Pardee in 1902, and held that office until October 1, 1907. Member of the Harvard Club of San Francisco, Bohemian Club. Commonwealth Club, Greek letter fra- ternity of Beta Theta Pi, and of the Order of the Native Sons of the Golden West. Mar- ried to Lillian Parks of Jackson, Amador County, Octo])er 26, 1897. Moved his law office from Jackson, Amador County, in 1902, and continues in the active practice of his profession in San Francisco. LE COMPTE DAVIS. Residence, '27')') Raymond Avenue: office, 600 Bryson Block, Los Angeles. Born in Mercer County, Kentucky, May 1, 1S6.5. Son of Henry Clay and .losephiue (Le Compte) Davis. Married Edith Gilman April 1.3, 1908. Attemlt'd public schools in Kentucky and graduated from Center College, Kentucky, in 1894, with the degree of B. A. Read law un- der Jacobs and Breckenridge of Kentucky. Admitted to the bar in Kentucky in 1888 and the Supreme Court of California in the same year. Appointed Deputy District Attorney in Los Angeles County. Member of the firm of Davis tSc Rush, which continues to date. Has tried many im]tortant cases, amongst which were the Land Fraud Case in Portland, Ore- gon, and the McNamara Case in Los Angeles. Democrat. SAMUEL McCLEIiLAN DAVIS. Residence, 1225 French Street; office, Santa Ana, California. Born August 8, 1861, in Indiana, Pennsylvania. Son of McLain and Caroline I. (Mahan) Davis. Married Sep- tember 30, 1896, to Mabel Keith. Educated in State Normal Scliool. Indiana, Penn- sylvania, from which lie graduated in July, 1879, with the degree of B. E. Graduated from Princeton University in 1883 with the degree of A. B., and in 18S6 with the degree of A. if. Admitted to the bar of Minnesota April 13, 1888, Commenced the practice of his profession in Minneapolis, Minne.sota, which continued until April 30, 1901. From 1896 to 1898, practiced in partnership with Paul Pierce, Minneapolis, Minnesota. Moved to California in 1901, and was admitted to the bar of that state, July 1, 1901. Elected BIOGRAPHIC AL 287 District Attorne}- of Orange County, Cali- fornia, January 1, 1907. March 1, 1912, formed partnership with E. E. Keech, under the firm name of Keech & Davis, which con- tinues to the present time. Member of Cali- fornia and Santa Ana Bar Associations, and Masonic fraternity. Eepublican. CHARLES W. DAVISON. Eesidence, 668 Delmas Avenue; office. City Hall, San Jose. Born in New Hampton, Iowa, July 30, 1874. Son of Lorenzo B. and Esther J. (Annabel) Davison. Moved to California, November 10, 1894. Married Maude L. Welch, December 24, 1902. Graduated from WILLIAM HENRY DAVIS. Residence, 2600 Wiltshire Boulevard; office. Pacific Mutual Building, Los Angeles. Born October 8, 1868, in Clinton, Oneida County, New York. Son of Judge Edwin A. and Imogene (Waggoner) Davis. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1869. Married March 19, 1896, to Berthe Samm. Educated in the public schools of Marysville, California, and Berkeley Gym- nasium, Graduated from University of Cali- fornia, with the degree of B. L., in 1890. Studied law in the offices of his father, Judge E. A. Davis, in Marysville. Admitted to the bar of California in 1892, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts, and practiced law in Los Angeles until 1899. Executive Secretary of Governor Gage of California from 1899 to 1903. Attorney for the Board of State Harbor Commissioners, from 1903 to 1909. Practiced law in San Francisco until 1909, when he moved to Los Angeles and became general counsel of the Pacific Mutual Life Insurance Company of California, which office he holds to date. Member of the Bohemian Club of San Fran- cisco, Sutter Club of Sacramento, Los An- geles Country and Los Angeles Athletic clubs, Midwick Country Club of Pasadena, and Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. New Hampton High School, June 10, 1892. Attended Valders Normal School, Decorah, Iowa, 1893-94; Kent Law School, San Jose, California, 1894-95. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court December 24, 1895. Later to the United States Dis- trict Court at San Francisco, October 23, 1899, and to the United States Circuit Court at San Francisco, July 1, 1907. Enlisted May 8, 1898, in Company "E," 7th Regi- ment, California United States Volunteer In- fantry of the Spanish-American War, and served until close of war. Elected city j^ws- tice of San Jose, 1902, and re-elected 1906. Elected Mayor of San Jose in 1908, and re- elected in 1910, which office he now holds. Department Commander of California United Spanish War Veterans, 1905-6, and Great Sachem of California Improved Order of Red Men, August, 1910, to August, 1911. Repub- lican. WALTER C. DAVISON. Residence, 13;>4 West Ninth Street; office, Suite 4-5 Covert Building, Riverside. Born in Columbus, Ohio, August 14, 1886. Son of Tom C. and Laura A. (Rose) Davison. Moved to California April, 1906. Married Lois B. Glass October 26, 1911. Educated in the pub- lic schools of Chicago, Illinois, and Omaha, Nebraska, graduating from the high school in 288 HI OG li'A I'JJ 1 C AL the latter city. anlican. REGINALDO FRANCISCO DEL VALLE. Residence, 3.108 Soutii Figueroa Street; of- fice, 611-612 Lankersbim Building, Los Ange- les. Born December 15, 1854, in Los Angeles. Son of Ygnacio and Ysabel (Varela) del Valle. Married September 2, 1890, to Helen M. White Cayatile. Educated at St. Vin- cent's College, Los Angeles, 1867-71. Gradu- ated from Santa Clara College in June, 1873, with the degree of B. S. Admitted to the bar of California, April, 1877; later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Sodthern California, and to the United States Supreme Court in 1893. From 18S9 to 1895 in jiartncrship with M. E. C. Munday. under the firm name of Del Valle & Mun.lay. From 1904 to 1905 in partnership with Judge Fin- layson, under the firm name of Del Valle, Finlayson & Metcalf. Engaged in the gen- eral practice alone to the present time. Elected to the State Assembly of California in 1879; re-elected in 1880. and in the same year was Presidential Elector. Member of the California Senate, 1882 to 1886, during which time he was President pro tem. Chair- man of the Democratic State Convention in Los Angeles in 1888. Nominated for Lieuten- ant-Governor in 1890. Chairman of Commit- tee on Resolutions of State Convention in Fresno. Chairman of Democratic State Con- vention in San Francisco in 1894. Member of Board of Public Service in Charge of Water Department of Los Angeles to date. Democrat. WILLIAM HARRY DEHM. Residence, 1027 Valencia Street; office. 403 Califor- nia Building. Los Angeles. Born March 10, 1877, in Havana, Illinois. Son of J. F. and Anna (M e n k o) Dehm. Moved to California in 1888. Married August 1 7, 1910, t Myrtle Glenn. Educated in the public schools of Illinois and San Diego, California. Graduated f r om University of Califor^iia in 1905 with degree of AJi. Read law in offices of Bicknell, Gib- son, Trask, Dunn & Crutcher, Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California in 19<)6 and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Associ- ated in the practice of law with Earl Rogers to date. Member of ^lasonic Order and Moose. Republican. DELPHIN MICHAEL DELMAS. Residence, Los Angeles; office. Bank of Commerce Building, Nassau and Cedar Streets, New York City; 724 Trust & Savings Building, Los Angeles. Born in France, April 14, 1844. Son of Antoine and Coralie Delmas. Married April 7, 1869, to Pauline Hoge, of San Francisco. In 1855 entered Santa Clara College, from which he graduated in 1862 with degree of A. B. Received from the same University the degree of A. M. in BIOGRAPHICAL 291 1863, and of Ph. D. in 1901. In 1865 re- ceived degree of LL. B. from the Law De- partment of Yale College, being at the same time admitted to the bar of Con- necticut. In 1866 was admitted to the bar of California. In May of that year com- menced the practice of law in association with Honorable B. D. Murphy, in San Jose. Eemained in that city for about sixteen years. In 1883 moved to San Francisco, where he practiced his profession until the great earthquake of 1906. In 1867, was elected District Attorney of Santa Clara County. Regent of the University of Califor- nia, 1884 to 1892. Delegate-at-Large to Dem- ocratic National Convention at St. Louis in 1904. Practicing in New York and Los An- geles at the present time. Member of Law- yers' and Yale clubs. New York. Author of "Speeches and Addresses," 1901. Democrat. WALTER J. de MARTINI. Residence, San Francisco; oiEce, 550 Mills Build- ing, San Fran- cisco. Born No- vember 2, 1870, in S noma County, California. Son of Paul and Maria Ausonla (Boitano) de Mar- tini. Married August 24, 1902, to Clotilde S. Chichizola. Grad- uated from the public schools in Contra Costa County, later at- tending Santa Clara College, from which he graduated in 1893 with the degree of A.B. Attended University of California, Law De- partment, and graduated therefrom in 1898. Admitted to the bar of California in 1898, and also admitted to the United States Circuit and District Courts. Commenced the active practice of his profession alone, continuing until 1905. From October, 1906, until Octo- ber, 1908, was manager and cashier for the Columbus Savings and Loan Society. In Jan- uary, 1909, resumed the active practice of law in partnership with John O'Gara, prac- ticing under the firm name of O'Gara & de Martini, which continues to date. Appointed Assistant County Clerk of Contra Costa County in 1893, serving until 1895. Secre- tary of Democratic Municipal Convention in 1903. Director Columbus Savings & Loau Society, and president of the "La Voce del Popolo," the oldest Italian newspaper pub- lished in the United States. Member of Native Sons of the Golden West. Democrat. WILLIAM DENMAN. Residence, 3399 Pacific Avenue; office. Mer- chants Exchange Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco in 1872. Son of James and Helen V. (Jordan) Denman. Married April 4, 1905, to Leslie Van Ness. Received his education from the Clement Grammar School, 1881-85; the Old Lincoln Grammar School, 1885-86, and graduated from the Lowell High School in 1889. Graduated from the University of California in 1894, later taking a course at Hastings College of Law, finally entering the Harvard Law School and graduating therefrom in 1897 with the degree of LL.B. Member of the Phi Beta Kappa Society. Admitted to the bar of California in 1898 and commenced the practice of his profession. Assistant Professor of Law and 292 BIOGRAPHICAL Lecturer, Hastings' College of Law, and Uni- versity of California from 1902 to 1906. Bet- ter known for connection with maritime litigation arising out of the sinking of "Rio de Janeiro," explosion of "Progreso," and sim- ilar oases. In 190S organized campaign for nonpartisan election of judges; the law being enacted by legislature in 1911. In 1910 drafted charter amendment for nonpartisan majority election in San Francisco and organ- ized campaign for its passage. In 1911 formed i>artnorship with George Stanley Ar- nold, under the firm name of Dcuman A: Arnold. General j)ractice and maritime cases. Member of the University, Pacific Union, Uni- tarian. Commonwealth and Sierra Clubs. Member of the Bar Association. JOHN DENNISON. Residence, 4.3u Custer Street; office, 904- 906 Higgius Building, Los Angeles. Born in Jones County. Iowa, April 23, 1S70. Son of John and Matilda (Campbell) Denuison. Married July 2. 1S95, to Nettie Jewel. Moved to Ciilifornia in 1906. Educated in the public schools of Iowa and Lenox Col- lege, Hopkinton. Iowa, graduating in 1S91 with degree of B. S. Read law in the office of Rickel & Crocker, Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Admitted to the bar of Iowa in 1895; Cali- fornia, 1908, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. Member of the firm of Dennison & Towner to date. Member of A. F. & A. M. Democrat. FRANK E. DENSMORE. Residence. l-3ti7 West 7th Street; offic«?. Courthouse, Riverside, California. Born Au- gust 18. 1869, in Independence, Inyo County, California. Son of Sanford A. and Elizabeth E. (Cofer) Densmore. Married January 1, 1894. to Nellie L. Craig. Early education received in the public schools of Inyo County, and later finished at the Inyo Academy. Served five years in the United States Land Office at Independence, as receiver of public monev. Admitted to the bar of California May 4, 1891; Nevada. February 12, 1894; and later to the United States District Court of Southern California. In 1906 was elected Judge of Superior Court of Riverside County, and continues in that office to date. Member of B. P. O. E.. I. O. O. F., and N. S. G. W. Republican. FRANK R. DEVLIN. Residence. Vallcjo; office, Fairfield. Born at Windsor. Ontario County, Canada, Octo- ber 27, 18ti7. Son of Charles M. and Mary (Cotter) Devlin. Married June 11, 1902, to Agnes G. Erb. Moved to California in 1870. receiving his education in the Vallejo pub- lic and high schools; graduating from the latter in 1884. Served in the United States Xavy from 1888 to 1891. At one time clerk to Rear-Admiral Charles E. Clark, of "Ore- gon" fame. Admitted to practice in the Supreme Court at San Francisco, August S, 1893. District Attorney of Solano County, 189.5-1903. Member of state legislature, 36th and 37th Sessions, from Solano County, 20th District. Elected superior judge of Solano County, November. 1908, for six year term. Resigned from the bench six weeks after assuming the position, on account of death of George A. Lamont, with whom he had been closely associated, at the solicitation of former clients of Mr. Lamont. The first state president of Lincoln-Roosevelt League of California. Chairman of Republican State Convention at San Francisco, August, 1910 — the first state convention under direct pri- mary system. Practices his profession alone to date in Vallejo and Fairfield. Vice-presi- a i: A r II I (' A L 1S79, in Sacramento, California. St>n of John and Mary Jeanette (Ureman) Didion. Re- ceived liis early education in the public schools of Sacramento, later attendinjj the I'niversity of California, and receiving there- from the decree of A.B. in UH)I, and the degree of LL.H. from Hastings College of Law. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco in 1903, and became associated wi*h Charles E. Xaylor, which continued un- til liKiii. Practiced alone from that date un- til llXis. when he became associated with E. J. Baumberger. which association continues to date. Assistant Registrar of Voters for Sacramento County, 1S9S, 1900, and 1902. Member of the Native Sons of the Golden West fraternity. Kciuiblican. HENRY CLAY DILLON. Residence, GS-l Benton Boulevard; office, 414-417 International Building, Los Angeles. Born November 6, 184(5, in Lancaster, Grant County, Wisconsin. Son of Patrick F. and Cynthia (Charles) Dillon. Married June 20, 187(5, to Florence Hood. Attentied the com- mon schools and Academy, Lancaster, Wiscon- sin, and Business College, Chicago. Gradu- ated from Racine College, Wisconsin, in 1872, with tile (i, in Sutter County, California. Son of James G. and Annie (Powell) Dow. Married Lizzie Harrell, July 3, 1889. Graduate of the Oakland Grammar and High School; also the University of California, from whith he graduated in 1889 BIOGBAPHICAL 297 with the degree of Ph.B. Was admitted to the bar, by examination of the Supreme Court of California, November 10, 1890, when he began the practice of his profession. In 1903 associated himself with H. A. Powell, under the firm name of Powell & Dow. Ee- publican. JOSEPH OSCAR DOWNING. Residence, 727 Kamjiart Street; office, 136 H. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born in Huntingdon County, Pennsylvania, Novem- ber 27, 1872. Son of John W. and Annie E. (Cannon) Downing. Moved to' California in 1887. Married December 17, 1909, to Ellen R. Emery. Educated in the public schools of Pasadena, California, and University of Cali- fornia, Berkeley, graduating in 1900 with the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in April, 1901. Republican. FRANK C. DREW. Residence, 1193 Sherman Street, Alameda; office, 523 Balboa Building, San Francisco. Born May 31, 1861, San Jose. Son of John R. and Marv Frances (Dowling) Drew. Married Helen P." White, April 7, 1900. Graduate of the Lincoln Primary and Grammar School and and Boating Clubs, Red Men, Eagles, N. S. G. W., exempt member of San Francisco Typo- graphical Union 21, Touring Club of France. Democrat. GEORGE WILLIAM DRYER. Residence, 9th and Burlington Streets; office, 701 American Bank Building, Los An- geles. Born in Placerville, Eldorado County, California, February 12, 1881. Son of John Lewis and Mary L. (Alexander) Dryer. Educated in the- public schools and high school of Santa Ana and Stanford Univer- sity, from which he received the degree of A. B. in 1902. Read law in the office of L. H. Valentine, of Los Angeles, for one year. Post-graduate course in Stanford University in 1903-4. Admitted to the bar of California, at San Francisco, March 16, 1904. In 1908 formed partnership with S. P. Mulford, under the firm name of Mulford & Dryer, w^hich continues to date. Member of the Masonic fraternity. Republican. MICHAEL CALHOUN DUFFICY. Residence, San Rafael; office, 500 Fourth Avenue, San Rafael. Born December 26, 1839, in County Roscommon, Ireland. Son of Boys' High School. Was admitted to the bar in San Francisco, 1903. At once entered the firm of Campbell Metson & Campbell, which in 1906 was changed to Campbell, Metson & Drew, and in 1909 to Metson, Drew & Mackenzie. Official Shorthand Reporter, Department 11, Superior Court. Member of the American Geo- graphical Society, American Esperanto Asso- ciation, French Phonetic Association and Cali- fornia Historical Society. A member of the Bohemian, Family, Press, Dolphin Swimming Francis and Alicia (Lane) Dufficy. Married in Marysville, California, February 2, 1863, to Edwiua O'Brien. Attended school in New Orleans, imtil 1855, when he moved to Cali- fornia, traveling via Panama. Admitted to the bar by Supreme Court of California, Jan- uary 9, 1894, prior to which he was engaged in commercial pursuits in this state. Studied law in the office of Judges L. J. Ashford, and Francis L. Hatch at Marysville, California, from 1857 to 1863. Commenced the active 298 BIOGR A PTIIC A L practice of his profession upon admission to the bar, and continues to date. Elected Jus- tice of the Peace of Marin County, and served two terms, from l'^^0 to li>ii2. Dem- ocrat. DENNIS MAXWELL DUFFY. Residence, 19u7 Leavenworth Street, San Francisco; office. Mills Building. Born in Austin. Nevada, April 2.3, 1S79. Son of Phil- lip and Catherine (Maxwell) Duffy. Moved to the state of California in 1S9.S. In Feb- ruary. 1902, married Grace Blossom. Gradu- ated from the University of Nevada with degree of B.A. in 1898, and Hastings College of Law, with degree of LL.B. in 1901. Was admitted to the Supreme Court of the state of California in 1901. Commenced the prac- tice of law alone to 190.'), when he became associated with Hiram W. Johnson, which continued until Mr. Johnson's election as Gov- ernor of the state of California, .January, 1911, later being associated with Hiram W. .Tohnson, .Jr., which continues to date. Republican. H. B. DUNCAN. Residence, 12 2 Sycamore Avenue, ITollywood; office, 5117-508 H i ggins Building, Los An- g e 1 e s. Born in Pittsburg, P e n n- svlvania, Septem- ber 2, 1875. Son of Thomas H. and Nancy (Sweeney) Duncan. M o ved t o California i n 19 8. Ma rried Elizabeth Pendle- ton, March 16, 1908. Early edu- cation received in the public schools of Pennsylvania. Attended -high school in Chicago. Studied law in the otKce of United States Attorney C. B. Morrison. Chicago, and attended night law lectures at John Alarsliall Law School and Kent College of Law, Chi- cago. In Los Angeles received private in- structions under Kemper B. Campbell, of the faculty of University of Southern California College of Law. Admitted to the bar of Cal- ifornia, January 21. 1910; to the United States Circuit and District Courts for the Southern District of California, February 10, 1910; to the same courts for the Northern District of California shortly after. Contin- ues practice in Los Angeles, specializing in Sherman anti-trust matters, interstate com- merce matters, and corporation law. Special Agent United States Department of Justice, Washington. D. C, 19(i5 to 1910. Special As- sistant to United States District Attorney for Southern District of California, 1910 to 1911. Member A. F. & A. M. Republican. FRANK CLARK DUNHAM. Residence, 8 7 5 Summit A v enue; office, M e t c a 1 f Building, 99 E. C o 1 orado Street, Pasadena. Born April 1, 1884, in Estherville, Iowa. Son of Henry Ad- dison and A n n a Belle (Low) Dun- h a m. Moved to California J u n e. 19 8. Ma rried A m y L. At wood. Jun'e 2 2, 191(). Graduated from the Iowa City Academy in 1904, from the University of Iowa, with tlie degree of B. A., June, 1908, and from the University of Southern California, College of Law. June, 1910, receiving the degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, at Los Angeles, July 23, 1909, and in the same year to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Associated in the office of Valentine and Newby from 1909 until August, 1911. Appointed Justice of the Peace for Pasadena Township, Los Angeles County. August 1. 1911, which office he con- tinues to hold to date. Member B. P. O. E. Independent. BOUTWELL DUNLAP. Residence. San Francisco; office, First Na- tional Bank Building, San Francisco. Born November 14, 1S77, in Sacramento, California. Son of William and Sarah Jane (Robinson) Dunlap. Graduated from College of .Social Sciences, University of California, in 1901, with degree of B.L. ; from the Catliolie Uni- versity of America, Washington. D. C. in 1905, with degree of LL.B., and in 1910 received de- gree of LL.^r. Also attended Georgetown Uni- versity, Washington, D. C. Admittetl to tlie bar of California at San Francisco, January, 1907, since which time he has engaged in the ac- tive practice of his profession in that city. Nominated for Congress, First California Dis- trict, 1904. Consul of Argentine Republic at San Francisco, 1909. and continues to date. In charge of Consulate of Uruguay in San Francisco, 1909. Honorary Historian of Sac- ramento Society of California Pioneers; Na- tional Historian of Kappa Sigma fraternity; Recording Secretary of California Genealog- ical Society; member of Committee of Bar Association of San Francisco upon Reform of Civil and Criminal Procedure of State of California (rejiort published, 1910). Author of several historical studies; .joint author (with Robert Ernest Cowan) of "Bibliogra- phy of Chinese Question in the United BIOGRAPHIC AL 299 States" (San Francisco: A. M. Eobertson, 1909) ; and contributor to sporting and agri- cultural periodicals upon breeding of race- horses and history of racing. Member of So- ciety of Colonial Wars. Fellow of American Statistical Society. Member of American Political Science Association, Virginia His- torical Society, California Genealogical Soci- ety, and American Historical Association. Member of Kappa Sigma and Delta Chi frater- nities. Member of University Club, Army and Navy Club, and Press Club, San Francisco. WALTER F. DUNN. Eesidence, 135 East White Oak Avenue; office, 232-234 American National Bank Building, Monrovia. Born in San Francisco, California, April 28, 1881. Son of John P. and Mary L. (Mahoney) Dunn. Married May 9, 19*^08, to Helen F. Laverty. Educated WILLIAM ELLSWORTH DUNN. Eesidence, 917 West 28tli Street; office, 718 Huntington building, Los Angeles. Born August 2, 1861, in Douglas, Michigan. Son of George E. and Ellen V. (Dickinson) Dunn. Married January 3, 1883, to Nellie M. Briggs. Graduated from Allegan, Michigan, High School, and attended Preparatory School, and one year at Law School, University of Michi- gan.' Moved to California in 188.5, and has been practicing in Los Angeles, from 18S7 to date. Member of California, .lonathan, Los Angeles Country, and Bolsa Chica Gun clubs. Eepublican. PETER FRANCIS DUNNE. Eesidence, 3905 Clay Street; otlice, Crocker Building, San Francisco. Born December 29, 1860, in San Francisco, California. Son of Peter and Margaret (Bergin) Dunne. Mar- ried June 28, 1898, to Annie C. Haehulen. in the Duarte Grammar School, California, St. Ignatius College, San Francisco, Mon- rovia High School, Monrovia, California, and the Stanford University, graduating from the latter in 1904, receiving the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles, June 21, 1905, and later to United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the active practice of profession in Monrovia, continu- ing to date. Secretary Democratic County Convention in 1908. City Attorney of Mon- rovia, California, since 1909. President of the Monrovia Board of Trade, 1910-11. Member of Knights of Columbus, W. 0. W. and Granite Club, Phi Delta Phi and Kappa Alpha fraternities. Democrat. Eieceived his early education at St. Ignatius College and graduated therefrom in 1878 with the degree of Master of Arts, Later attended the University of California and graduated in 1881 with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1882 and immediately commenced the active practice of his profession, engaging in general practice. General attorney for the Southern Pacific Company from 1904 to 1911. Member of the firm of Morrison, Dunne & Brobeck since its formation in April, 1911, to date. Member of the Pacific-Union, Olympic, Commonwealth, and San Francisco Golf and Country clubs. Member of the San Francisco Bar Associa- tion. Eepublican. 300 BIOGRAPHIC A L HARRY L. DUNNIGAN. Resideui-e. 311 East Aveuue, 2S; office, ('oulter Buililing, Los Angeles. Born in Terre Haute. Indiana. June 9, 1873. Son of Richard I. and Maria L. (Adams) Dunnigan. Married to Virginia T. Thorpe in 1901. Moved to California in 1SS3. In 1S92 en- tered St. Vincent's College, where he re- mained until 1S94, receiving degrees of A. B. and A. M. Studied law in the office of his father. Richard I. Dunnigan, with whom he was in j'artnership until 1905. Admitted to bar of California April 21. 1896. Formed l>artnership in 1906 with Walter F. Haas and Frank tJarrett, under the firm name of Haas. Garrett & Dunnigan. continuing until 1911. when the firm was dissolved on account of the death of Mr. Garrett. At present prac- tices his profession as member of the firm of Haas & Dunnigan. Member of State and Los Angeles Bar Associations. Democrat. RICHARD ARTHUR DUNNIGAN. Residence, 1246 Alta Avenue; office, 517 Exchange Building, Los Angeles. Born in Terre Haute. Indiana. November 5. 1SS2. Son of Richard and Maria L. (Adams) Dunnigan. Moved to the state in 1888. Ed- ucated in Los Angeles grammar and high schools, Woodbury Business College and the University of Southern California. Admitted to th.' bar August 26, 1910, and later to the L'nited States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the prac- tice of law in Los Angeles, and continues alone to-day. Member Los Angeles Athletic and San Gabriel Valley Country Clubs. Re- publican. TRUSTEN POLK DYER. Residence, La Cresceuta, Los Angeles; of- fice. 90.3-11 Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Born in Warren County. Missouri, May 27, 1S56. Son of George Washington and Mary Anne (Philpot) Dyer. Received his early education at common schools, and later at the Central Western College of Warrenton, Mis- souri, and the Baptist College in Louisiana, Pike County, Missouri. Read law and taught in the schools of Missouri for two years, later attending the Law Department of the Wash- ington University, at St. Louis, Missouri. Admitted to the bar of Missouri in 1875 and later to the Court of Appeals of that state. Admitted to the bar of California October 13, 1898, Washington, 1888, United States Cir- cuit and District Courts, Southern District of California, December 23, 1898. Associated in the practice of law in St. Louis with his uncle. Colonel D. P. Dyer, now United States District Judge cf St. Louis. In 1888 removed to Los Angeles. In that year moved to Seattle, Washington. In 1*^S9 formed partnership with Judge Richard Osborn. under firm name of Osborn & Dyer, until .Judge Osborn's elec- tion to the Superior Court bench, when he formed partnership with Edward Craven, un- der the firm name of Dyer & Craven, which continued until 1896, when he returned to Los Angeles. From 1886-87, City Attorney of St. Louis. In 1889 member of the Constitutional Convention of Washington, taking an active part in forming the present constitution of that state. In 1891 elected for a terra of four years to the Senate of the state of Washington, and was president pro tem. Member of the National Guard of Missouri. Member of the Masonic bodies, Knight Tem- plar and Shriner. Specializes in commercial law. Repiil)!ican. BIOGRAPHICAL 301 WALTER VINSON DYSART. Eesidence, Los Angeles; office, 512-516 Laughlin Building, Los An- geles. Born in Danville, Illinois, May 30, 1881. Son of Joseph and Abbigaile (Vin- son) Dysart. Moved to Califor- nia October, 1910. M a rried Decem- b e r 18, 1905, to Maybelle C. Fox. Graduated from the Wesleyan Uni- versit}-, Law De- partment, Bloom- ington, Illinois, with degree of LL.B. in 1901. Admitted to the bar of Illinois, 1901, Cali- fornia, 1910, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. In 1901 became associated with Col. Geo. T. Buckingham, of Chicago, under firm name of Buckingham & Dysart, which con- tinued until December, 1906, when he moved to Danville, Illinois where he practiced alone until his removal to Los Angeles. In October 1910, acquired the law practice of Arthur L. Hawes in Los Angeles, and continues his practice to date alone. Elected to the Gen- eral Assembly of Illinois, 1906. Member of the Illinois National Guard, 1898. Repub- lican. GUY CHAFFEE EARL. Residence, 10 McClure Street, Oakland, California; office, Shreve Building, San Fran- cisco. Born May 7, 1861, in Tehama County, California. Son of Josiah and Adelia To- bias (Chaffee) Earl. Married Ella Jane Ford, November 15, 1888. Graduated from the Oakland High School in 1879, and the University of California in 1883, with the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar August, 1886, by Supreme Court of California. Was Deputy County Clerk of Alameda County from October, 1885, to January, 1887. As- sistant District Attorney of Alameda County from January, 1887, to January, 1889. Asso- ciated with Samuel P. Hall from 1889 to 1895. Thereafter was partner of Thomas B. Bishop, Charles S. Wheeler and others until September, 1900, since wliich time he has con- tinued the practice of his profession alone. Was State Senator from Alameda County for four years from January, 1893. Ap- pointed Regent of the University of Califor- nia, April, 1902. Chairman of Finance Com- mittee of the Board of Regents. Member of Claremont Country Club, Bohemian Club, and Faculty Club of the University of California. Republican. GUY W. EDDIE. Residence, 342 West Avenue 59; office, 326 West 1st Street, Los Angeles. Born April 2, 1878, in Guadaloupe, California. Son of James L. and Georgia (Brayner) Eddie. Married June 18, 1905, to Maria Theresia Park. Educated in the public schools of California. Graduated from the University of California in 1901 with the degree of B. L. Studied law in the offices of Works, Lee & Works, 1901-2. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in 1902. Member of the firm of Eddie & Thompson, 1903^5. City Prosecutor of Los Angeles to the present time. Member of the Executive Committee of Roosevelt Progres- sive League of Los Angeles County. Presi- dent of the Arroyoside Progressive League. Member of the American Political and Social Science Academy, Masonic order, N. S. G. W., Los Angeles Press Association, Good Saints of Los Angeles and Anandale Country, Sev- erance, Union League and Metropolitan clubs. Progressive Republican. EDWARD DARNALL EDWARDS. Eesidence, 1837 J Street; office. Temple Bar Building, Fresno. Born January 23, 1846, in Liberty, Missouri. Son of Pressley N. and Naomi (Darnall) Edwards. Married Anna Finch August 29, 1870. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1876. Attended the country school of Liberty, Missouri, and later entered the William Jewell College, Libertv, Missouri, continuing until 1861. Served in the Civil War for a period of four years and returned to college, where he remained from 1865 to 1867, when he commenced the study of law in office of Dixon & Hough, of Memphis, Ten- nessee. Admitted to practice in all the state 302 BIOGRAPHICAL courts of Tennessee at Union City, in 1S6S. Practiced law in Union City until 187o. when he nioveil to San Francisco, California. Ad- mitted to the Supreme Court of California in 1865. Also admitted to practice in tlie fed- eral courts of Memphis, Tennessee, and Cali- fornia. City Attorney of Union City, Ten- nessee, 1869^70. District Attorney of Fresno County, 1883-84. Member of the Masonic and B. P. 0. E. fraternities. Democrat. LE ROY MALLORY EDWARDS. Residence, 444 Kiugslev Drive; office, 814 H. W. I Tell man Build- ing. Los Angeles. Born .Tuly 9, 1883, ill Santa Ana, ( alil'oniia. Son of Phigene E. and Sarah (Leffler) Edwards. M a r- ried to Lillian Moore, Novem1)er 4, l&OS. Edu- cated in the gram- mar grades and high school of Los A 11 g e le s, a n d graduated from Stanforer, 1911. Since this date has continued the practice of his ]irofessiou alone. Member of the Commomvealth (iul). Democrat. HENRY EICKHOFF. Residence, 1650 Lail oftiec, Bakersfield. Born March 1. 1S59, in Nicaragua. Son of Will- iam H. and Elizabeth Jane (Miller) Emmons. Moved to California in 1862. Married May 18. 1887, to Margaret J. Wooden. Educated in the public schools of California. Studied law in office of George D. Shadburne, San Francisco. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia May 16, 1882. Practiced law in Chico until 1888, when he moved to Siskiyou County, where he remained until 1893. when he moved to Bakersfield. where he continues to the present time, in partnership with Rod- ney J. Hudson, under firm name of Emmons & Hudson. Specializes in railroad rates. Member of Foresters of Amerira. Democrat. HARRY ALBERT ENCELL. Residence, 921 East 24th Street; office. 401-407 First National Bank Building, Oak- land. Born in Hannibal. Missouri, .Tune 8, ISSO. Son of John N. and Alberta (Colston) Encell. Moved to California in 1891. Mar- ried July 12, 1909. to Marjorie Howe. From 1886 to* 1891 attended the public school of Hamilton, Missouri. From ls91 to 1897 the public schools of California. From 1897 to 1901, the High School in Los Angeles, and from 1902 to 1907, the University of Cali- fornia, from which he received the degree of B. S. in the latter year. Admitted to the bar of California, in San Francisco, in April, 1908. Practicing since 1908 in Oakland. As- sociated with Robinson & Robinson. CLAIRE ENYEART. Residence, Los Angeles; office. 810-821 California Building, Los Angeles. Born February 3, 1879. in Holt County, Missouri. Son of Cyrus H. and Florence (Buck) En yeart. Moved to California in 1S95. Re- ceived his education in Tulare High School, California. Graduated from the University of Southern California. College of Law. :n 1904, with the degree of LL.B.. and in 1909 BIOGRAPHIC AL 305 received the degree of LL.M. Admitted to the bar of California in 1904. Formed part- nership with Charles R. Holtou in 1911, which continues to date. Member of the Masonic order, Los Angeles Bar Association and Met- ropolitan Club. Republican. JOHN MORTON ESHLEMAN. Residence, El Centro, Imperial County; oflSce, 833 Market Street, San Franeis'io. Born June 14, 1876, at Villa Ridge, Illinois. Son of William Jacob and Elizabeth (Kelly) Eshleman. Married September 6, 1906, to Elizabeth Ledgett. Graduated from the Uni- later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the practice of law in Los Angeles. After two years moved to Riverside, where he con- versity of California with the degree of B. A. in 1902, and M. A. in 1903. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco in 1905. Commenced the practice of his profession in San Francisco, and continued until April 18, 1906, when he removed to Oakland, and prac- ticed there until April, 1907. Now practic- ing in El Centro, under the firm name of Eshleman & Swing. Chief Deputy Labor Commissioner 1904-7. Member of the Assem- bly from Berkeley, 1907. District Attorney of Imperial County, August, 1907, to January, 1911. Member of Railroad Commission, Jan- uary 1, 1911, to date (president of the Com- mission). Republican. MIGUEL ESTUDILLO. Residence, 335 14th Street; oflSce, 6-8 Covert Block, Riverside. Born September 20, 1870, in San Bernardino, California. Son of J. A. and Adelaide (Robidoux) Estudillo. Married February 22, 1903, to Minerva Cook. Educated in the public schools of San Diego and Santa Clara College. Admitted to the bar of California at Los Angeles in 1896, and tinues the practice of law to date. Delegate to National Irrigation Congress at Boise City, Idaho, from California, 1906. Chairman of California Delegation at National Irrigation Congress at Sacramento, 1907. Member of the California Legislature, 1905-7. Member of the Senate, 1909-11. Chairman of Ways and Means Committee, 1907. Chairman of Election Laws Committee, 1909-11. Chair- man of Prisons and Reformatories, 1905-7. Captain Company "M," National Guard of California, elected December 11, 1911. Mem- ber of the Union League and Jonathan clubs of Los Angeles, Riverside Country Club, B. P. O. E. and N. S. G. W. fraternities. Repub- lican. PERRY EVANS. Residence, 2799 Piedmont Avenue, Berke- ley; office. Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco', November 4, 1877. Son of Oliver Perry and Nora M. (Ryan) Evans. Married Florence Gibbons August 23, 1911. Graduate of the Pacific Heights Grammar School, 1892; Lowell High School, 1895; University of California, with the de- gree of B. L., 1899; Hastings College of Law. with the degree of LL.B., 1901. Was ad- mitted to the bar, in San Francisco, May, 1901, since which time has been engaged in practice of his profession. Democrat. WILLIAM E. EVANS. Residence, 109 Orange Street, Glendale; office, 824 H. W. Hellman Building, Los An- geles. Born in London, Kentucky, Decern- 306 BI OG li A r H I C A L ber 14, 1876. Son of Perry M. and Viua (Jones) Evans. Married April IS, 1907, to Cecil C. Smith. Came to California in 190it. Received his education in the rommon schools of Kentucky and the Sue Bennett Memorial College. London, Kentucky. Admitted to the bar of Kentucky in 1901; California and the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California, January 1, 1910. Member of the firm of Johnson & Evans, London, Kentucky, 19U2-6; Williams & Evans, same city, 1906-10; Jones & Evans, Los Angeles, since January 1, 1910. City Attornev of Glendale, California, since May 1, 1911.' Member of F. & A. M. Republi- can. CHARLES HOWARD FAIRALL. Kesidence, Los Altos, Santa Clara County; office. 009 Balboa Building, San Francisco. Born March 9, 1S67, in White Cloud, Kansas. Son of William and Harriet (Grumley) Fairall. Moved to this state in 1895. Mar- ried January, 1900, to Ellen Horan. Early education received in the public schools of Kansas, and later attending Washburn Col- lege, Topeka, Kansas. Studied law in Kansas and was admitted to the bar of Kansas in 1889; Colorado, 1890, and California, 1895. Commenced the practice of law in Goodland, Kansas, practicing there for a short period, when he moved to Cheyenne Wells, Colorado, where he remained until 1895, at which time he moved to San Francisco, practicing there for a short period and moved to Stockton, California, where he fjracticed law for two years in partnership with B. C. Carroll and one year with Thos. H. Breeze, returning fo San Francisco in 1906, where he has con- tinued in the practice of his profession aloue to date. Republican. FREDERICK COLE FAIRBANKS. Kesidence, 217 Oaklawn Avenue. South Pasadena; office. Exchange Building. Los An- geles. Born in Indianapolis, Tn- ■ liana, June 14, JsSl. Son of (.'harles Warren and Cornelia (Cole) Fairbanks. Married to Helen Scott in 1906. Edu- cated in Phillips Exeter Academy and Princeton Uni- versity, graduat- ing from the latter in 190.3, with degree of B. A. Studied law at George Washington University, Washington, D. C, in 1903-4. Moved to California in 1908. Studied law in the University of Southern California, 1908-9. Admitted to bar of California in 1909, and commenced the practice of his pro- fession in Los Angeles in partnership with K. K. Parrot, practicing under the firm name of Fairbanks k Parrot, which continued until 1910. Is at present time associated with Porter, Morgan & Parrot, Los Angeles. Member of American Academy of Political and Social Science, Knight Templar, Scot- tish Rite. '■^'2.°. Shriner. Kepultlican. ELDRIDGE C. FARNSWORTH. Residence and office, Visalia. Born in Mariposa, California, Sep- tember 12, 1860. Son of Calvin E. and Ann I. (Me Cready) Farn> worth. Married to Cora Madge McLaine, June 27, 1888. Graduated from the Law De- partment of the University of Cal- ifornia (Hastings College of Law) May 26, 1SS4, re- ceiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California, June 2, 1884, and to the Supreme Court of the United States .January 13, 1902. District At- torney of Amador County in 1888. Commenced the practice of his profession in Amador County in 1885, continuing there until 1890, when he moved to Visalia, and has continued in the practice there to date. Democrat. JAMES E. FENTON. BIOGRAPHICAL 307 Residence, Sau Francisco; oflSce, 1406 Glaus Spreekels Building, San Francisco. Born April 6, 1857, in Scotland County, Missouri. Son of .James D. and Margaret (Pinkerton) Feuton. Moved to Oregon in 1865, and re- ceived his education in the common schools of that state, and later attended the Chris- tian College, Monmouth, Oregon, from which institution he graduated in 1877 with degree of A. B. Studied law in the oiEce of Judge William M. Eamsey of Salem, Oregon, and was admitted by the Supreme Court of Ore- gon in 1882. Engaged in educational work as principal of academies at Bethel and Eu- gene, Oregon, from 188-4 until 1890. Com- menced the active practice of his profession in Eugene, Oregon, remaining there for a short jieriod, when he removed to Spokane, Washington, and practiced in that city until 1899, being elected in 1892 District Attorney of Spokane County, Washington, and holding that office one term. Admitted to the Su- preme Court of the United States and to the federal courts in the Ninth Circuit. In 1899 moved to Nome, Alaska, and practiced in that place until 1902, when he moved to California, and was admitted to the bar of that state in January 12, 1903. Continued in his practice alone until June, 1906, when he moved to Seattle, Washington, remaining there until 1908, when he went to Portland, Oregon, and became assistant counsel for the Southern Pacific Company, in association with his brother, W. D. Fenton, chief counsel for that company. Remained in that posi- tion until February, 1911, when he returned to San Francisco, where he continues in the active practice of his profession. Member of the San Francisco Alaska Club. LOUIS FERRARI. Residence, 627 Castro Street; office, 510 Me- chanics Building, San Francis c o. Born in San Fran- Cisco, February 10, 1879. Son of Columbus and Anna (Zanardi) Ferrari. Married October 12, 1910, to Alice E. Crowe. Atte n d e d the public schools of S a n Francis c o, Lowell High School, graduat- ing therefrom in 1897, and from Stanford University in 190], receiving the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court at San Francisco, in June, 1901, and continues in the active practice of his profession alone to date. Assistant District Attorney, 1904-6 and 1908-10. Lieutenant Junior Grade Na- val Militia of California. Member of the Olympic Club. Democrat. FRED FETTE. Residence, 225 North Olive Ave- nue; office, 707- 708 International Bank Building, Los Angeles. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, Decem- ber 13, 1879. Son of Frederick and Anna (Schmidt) Fette. Moved to this state in 1883. Married Gertrude G. Grant Decem- ber 13, 1905. At- ten d e d country school at College- ville, Sau .Joaquin County, California, 1884-94, the grammar schools of Stockton until 1896. Studied law under Arthur H. Ashley. Admitted to practice in California, March, 1902, and appointed Dep- uty District Attorney immediately upon ad- mission. Entered into partnership with M. J. Henrj', under the firm name of Henry & Fette, practicing in Stockton. In 1903 re- moved to Tuolumne County. Moved to Los Angeles in 1906, and continues the practice of his profession to date. Member of Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce, Y. M. C. A., City Club, Los Angeles County Bar Associa- tion, and B. P. O. E. fraternity. Republican. CHARLES MARRON FICKERT. Residence, 1840 Van Ness Avenue; office, Kohl Building, San Francisco. Born in Keru County, California, in 1873. Son of F. W. and Mary (Glynn) Fickert. Graduated from the Stanford University in 1898, and received the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of California, in Los Angeles, October 14, 1899, and associated in the office of the Honorable E. R. Taylor until 1903, when he was ap- pointed Assistant United States Attorney, and continued in that office until 1905. Elected District Attorney of San Francisco in 1009, and has been re-elected each term, continuing to hold the office to date. Mem- ber of the Union League, Olympic, and Bohe- mian clubs, and B. P. O. E. fraternity. Re- publican. FRANK GRAHAM FINLAYSON. Residence, 500 Gramercy Place; office, Courthouse, Los Angeles. Born in Beudigo^ Australia, March 24, 1864. Son of James Ross and Elizabeth (Goodsir) Finlayson. Ar- 308 BlOGliA P IIIC AL rived in California in 1867. Married Agnes Thayer, of Los Angeles, July 10, 1895. Edu- cated in the grammar and high schools of San Francisco. CI rn dilated from Hastings Law School in 1S8.5 with degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1885, and to the United States Circuit and District Courts. From 1885 to 1886 member of firm of Ladd & Finlayson, San Francisco. From 1887 to 1896 member firm of Finlayson iV; Finlayson, Los Angeles. Member of Cali- fornia Assembly, 1893. Assistant United States District Attorney for Southern Dis- trict of California, August, 1895, to July, 1896. Elected Judge of Superior Court in Los Angeles County, serving since .January, 1911. Member of Masonic Order, Scottish Kite, University, Jonathan and Union League clubs, Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. Member of every charter revision committee for Los Angeles' from 1900 to 1911. Author of "Finlayson on Street Laws." Eepublicun. THEODORE RANDOLPH FINLEY. Kesidence and office, Santa Maria. Born in Santa Eosa, California, June 3, 1854. Son of William Howard and Anna J. (Maze) Finley. Married October 31, 1888, to Margaret Mearns. Attended the public schools of Stockton and high school at Modesto, Santa Rosa College and Hastings College of Law, from which he received the degree of LL.B. in 1884. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1884, T'nited States District, United States Circuit, and T'nlted States Circuit Court of Appeals. Began practice in Modesto, moving to Red- ding in 1887, where he practiced until 1895, when he moved to Santa Maria, where he continues in the practice of his profession, alone, to ilate. Member of the Masonic, Knights of Phythias and B. P. O. E. frater- nities. Democrat. HOWARD J. FISH. Residence, 4 4 South Marengo A v e n u e, P asa- dena; office, 3 6 Stimson Building, 1j o s Angeles. Born in Ha m- burgh, Erie County, New York. s'onofMil ford and Hannali (C 1 V i n) Fish. Married September 23, 1905, to Alice Freeman Vail. Prepared for col- lege at private and public schools of Pasadena and at the University of Southern (.'alifornia. Graduated in Scientific Department of Yale University in 1893 witli the degree of Ph.B., and graduated from the New York Law School in 1895. Admitted to the practice in New York state July 19, 1895, and to the bar of California the following year. Member of the California, Citj' and Annadale Country Clubs. Member of the Board of Trade of Pasadena and Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. MAURICE J. FINKENSTEIN. Residence, 718 Sunset Boulevard; office, 510-5 1 2 Merchants Trust Building, Los An- geles. Born in Omaha, Nebraska, May 8, 1882. Son of Joseph Finken- stein. Moved to the state of Cali- fornia in 19 1. (Jraduated from the Omaha High School in 18 9 9 and from the Uni- versity of South- ern California in 19 It), receiving the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar at Los Angeles, in January, 1909, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Assistant Superintend- ent and General Claim Agent of Los An- geles-Pacific Railroad Company from 1902-3. Formed ])artnership with Minor Tjce ^loore under firm name of Moore & Finkenstein in 1909, which continues to date. Commercial practice and pays special attention to frauds and personal injury cases. Member Los An- geles Bar Association and Masonic order; Past President of B'nai B'rith. Republican. BIOGRAPHICAL 309 RAY HARTLEY FITZGERRELL. Resideuce, 314 West 4th Street; office, 731-733 Title Insurance Building, Los An- geles, California. Born September 8, 1887, in Fitzgerrell, Illinois. Son of Andrew Jack- son and Martha Emily ("Willis) Fitzgerrell. Received his early education at the Colton, California, High School, graduating there- from in 1906. Attended the Illinois Wes- leyan Law School in Bloomiugton, Illinois, from IftOG to 1908. Moved to California in September, 1910, and attended the University of Southern California, at Los Angeles, graduating therefrom in June, 1911, with the degree of LL.B. Was admitted to the bar of California June 19, 1911; Department of the Interior, United States Land Office, Los An- geles, California, June 19, 1911, and to the District Court of the United States on the same date. Commenced active practice of his profession immediately upon admission. Re- publican. WILLIAM ANDREW FISH. Residence, 1153 Main Street; office, Court- house, Red Bluff. Born June 14, 1864, in Tehama, Tehama County, California. Son of Lafayette and Jennie (Carter) Fish. Mar- ried October 22, 1885, to Mary Custer. Re- ceived his education in the public schools of his native state and later engaged in com- mercial pursuits at Corning, California. Ad- mitted to the bar of California September 8, 1898, and commenced the active practice of his profession in Red Bluff. In 1895 was elected County Clerk of Tehama County, serving until 1906, when he was elected Dis- trict Attorney of Tehama County, and re- elected in 1910, thereby holding that office to date. Member of the Masonic, I. 0. O. F., B. P. 0. E. and Knights of Pythias frater- nities. Republican. T. I. FITZPATRICK. Residence, 9 2 8 Oak Street; office. Chronicle Build- ing, San Fran- cisco. Born March 3, 1876, in San Fran c i s c o . Son of Timothy and Mary ( G i b - bons) Fitzpatrick. Educated at St. Ignatius College and Hastings Col- lege of Law. Ad- mitted to the bar o f California a t San Francisco, De- ciember 29, 1897. From 1900 t o 1906, deputy in office of District Attorney Lewis F. Byiugton. Member of the firm of Fitzpatrick & Greely to date, having formed the partnership in July, 1906. Past Presi- dent of Stanford Parlor, K S. G. W. Direc- tor of the Olympic Club of San Francisco, 1905 to date. President of the Pacific Ath- letic Association, from 1904 to 1907. ROBERT MULLEN FITZGERALD. Residence. Oakland; office, Oakland Bank of Savings Building, Oakland. Born January, 1858, in San Francisco. Son of Edward and Catherine (Mullins) Fitzgerald. Married De- cember, 1902, to Laura M. Crellin. Received his early education in the Oakland High School and later attended the University of California, graduating therefrom May 23, 1883, with the degree of LL.B. The same year was admitted to practice by the preme Court of the state. Commenced Su- the active practice of his profession in 1883 in 310 BIOGRAPHIC A L Oakland, and continued there until 1900, when he moved his ottice to San Francisco. Practiced in San Francisco as a member of tiie firm of Campbell, FitzgeraM, Abbott & Fowler, and uixm that firm being dissolved, again entered into partnership in 19n,j with Carl H. Abbott, practicing under the firm name of Fitzgerald & Abbott, which con- tinues to date. Member of the first Board of "Works of Oakland in 1889, and member of the State Board of Prison Directors from 1895 to 1905. Delegate to the National Democratic Convention, lS.SS-1908 and 1912. Grand President Native Sons of the Golden AVest, 1891-92. Member of the Bohemian, Pacific-Union, Athenian and Claremont Conn- try clubs, and of the H. P. O. K. fraternity. Democrat. - EDWARD J. FLEMING. Eesidence, 718 Wliittier Street, office, 315- .317 H. W. Hellman Building. Los Angeles. Born March 28, 1872, in Cambridge, Massa- chusetts. Son of Peter and Margaret (Cole- man) Fleming. Moved to California in 1875. Married March 27, 1898, to Gertrude Dennis. Edutated in the public schools of Los Angeles county and Pomona College. Studied law in offices of P. C. Tonner, Pomona. .Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1894; later to the Ignited States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California and United State Circuit Court of Appeals. Practiced 1 jw in Pomona as member of firm of Tonner & Fleming, 1894-97. City Attorney of Pomona, 1899-1901. Moved to Los Angeles, 1902. Deputy District Attorney of Los Angeles county, 190.3-7. Prosecuting Attorney of Los Angeles, 1907-8. ^Mendier of firm of Ilun- saker, Britt & Fleming, 1908-10. Member of firm of Fleming & Bennett, 1910-12, since which time engaged in practice alone. Ex- pert on E.xtradition Laws. Member of K. of P., Maccabees, W. O. W., Los Angeles Bar As- sociation, Ciiamber of Commerce, Union League, and City and Federation clubs. Re- publican. WILLIAM STUART FLEMING. Resi.leiM-.'. 17 lit .1 Street; ollii-e. 227-229 Forsyth Building. Fresno. Born April 24, 1877, in Napa County, California. Sou of William and Margaret Elizabeth (Stuart) Fleming. Married March 21, 1902, to Lo- raiue Uhlhorn. Received his education in the public- schools of Napa City, and Oak Mound Academy, Napa. Studied law in the office of John T. York of Napa, and was admitted by the Supreme Court of California in 1898. Commenced the practice of his profession in Napa, coTitinuing until 1899, when he entered the office of Honorable M. M. Estee, of San Francisco, remaining there until September, 1900. when he went to the Hawaiian Islands. Admitted by the Supreme Court, Territory of Ha%vaii, in September, 1900, and became at- tached to the United States Attorney's office for the District of Hawaii until the sum- mer of 1901. Chief clerk to the law firm of Fitch & Thompson. Honolulu, 1901-2. Prac- ticed independently in Honolulu from 1902 to April, 1903, when he was appointed Deputy Attorney-General and continued as such until March. 1907, when he resigned to practice in Shanghai, China. Admitted to the United States Court of China, April, 1907, and con- tinued in the practice there until January, 1912, when he returned to California and re- sumed his practice in Fresno, where he con- tinues to date. Special counsel of the United States Government, in China, from .Tune, 1910, to October, 1910. BERNARD J. FLOOD. BIOGRAPHICAL 311 Residence, 333 Sauchez Street; oflfice, City Hall, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco May 7, 1879. Son of Bernard and Mary E. (Smith) Flood. Married June 26, 1907, to Charlotte M. Burns. Eeceived his education in the public schools of San Francisco, and at the Sacred Heart College. Attended St. Mary's College, Oakland, and graduated therefrom May 27, 1897, with the degree of LL.B. Professor of Greek and Latin at Sacramento Institute, Sacramento, until his admission to the bar of this state, June, 1901. Studied law in the offices of Scott & Dooling of Hollister, California, and Lennon & Hawkins of San Francisco. Associated with the latter firm until January, 1902, when he was appointed Deputy District At- torney under Lewis F. Byington, and con- tinued in the same office under William H. Langdon. In 1906 elected Justice of the Peace for the City and County of San Fran- cisco, and was re-elected in 1911, and con- tinues to hold that office to date. Member of the Olympic Club and the Alumni of St. Mary's. Member of the Native Sons of the Golden West and Foresters of America frater- nities. Eepublican. WILFRED PERLEY FOGG. Residence, Altadena; office, 222 I. W. Hell- man Building, Los Angeles. Born in Readfield, Maine, October 6, 1859. Son of Dana Board- man and Charlotte Vance (Packard) Fogg. In 1880 married Olive Marian Hoffses (deceased), and June, 1896, married Abbe Tappan Hodge. Moved to California in 1909. Received his early education in the public schools of Ken- nebec County, Maine, and Maine Wesleyau Seminary, Kent's Hill. For four years there- after received instructions from private tutor. The next three years were devoted to the reading of law in the office of Judge Emery O. Bean at Readtield, Maine, and for some three years following was a member of the editorial staff of the "Daily Kennebec Jour- nal" at Augusta, Maine. Admitted to the bar of Maine by the Supreme Judicial Court at Farmington in 18S6. Shortly after be- came associated with Hon. Philip H. Stubbs at Strong, Maine, which continued until 1891. Admitted to the bar of Nevada in 1906; California, May, 1912; Massachusetts, 1904. From 1891 to date interested in corporate enterprises as organizer and attorney. When in native state was attorney for Maine Cen- tral Railroad Company, Wiscassett & Quebec Railroad Company, Franklin & Megontic Railroad Company, Umbagog Pulp & Paper Co npany, Otis Falls Paper Company, Forster Toothpick Corporation, East Coast Land Com- pany, and Hollingsworth & Whitney Com- pany. Organized and incorporated (June, 1910), at Los Angeles, the Southern Invest- ment Company, of which he is president. Member of American, Maine, Massachusetts and Nevada Bar Associations. Author of "History of the Republican Party" (1884). Republican. CLARA SHORTRIDGE FOLTZ. Residence, 253 South Normandie Avenue; office, Merchants Trust Building, Los Angeles, Born in Indiana. Daughter of Elias W. and Talitha Cumi (Harwood) Shortridge. Mar- ried .Jeremiah D. Foltz. Educated by private tutors; Howes Seminary, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa; Hastings Law School of University of Cali- fornia. Studied law in offices of her father, and in the offices of J. C. Black and C. C. Stephens, San Jose. Admitted to practice in the courts of California and New York, federal courts and United States Supreme 312 BIOGRAPHICAL Court. Mrs. Foltz was the first woman ad- mitted to practice law in California. En- gaged in the general practice of law in Los Angeles to the present time. Specializes in probate and corporation law. Advocated consistently and persistently woman's suf- frage. Drafted first resolution for submis- sion of question to the people to amend the constitution. Deputy District Attorney, Los Angeles County, two terms — the first woman to serve as such in the world. President of Votes for Women's Club of California. Mem- ber of Southern California Woman's Press Club. California State Bar Association, State Board of Charities and Corrections, Board of Trustees of State Normal School, etc. Re- publican. FBANK SUMNER FORBES. Residence, 2S38 North Grifiin Avenue; office, Room 11, County <'ourthouse, Los Angeles. Born in Brooks, Maine, .January 10, 1862. Son of .\lmon S. and Barb:\ra Ann (Rich) Forbes. Married September 2:i, 1887, to Cora E. Gardner. Graduated from Bates College, Lewiston, Maine, in 1885 with de- gree A. B. and from Oberlin Theological Semi- nary in 1888, with degree of B. D. Post- graduate course at Harvard College in 1894 and 189.5. Attended the Southern California University Law College, and graduated there- from in 1908, with degree of LL. B. Pastor of Congregational Church in Ogden, Utah, 1890-94. Pastor of the Congregational Churches at Santa Barbara and Los Angeles, California, during 1888 to 1908. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles, Au- gust, 1908, and commenced the active prac- tice of his profession immediately upon his admission, continuing until January. 1910, when he was elected judge of the Justice Court of Los Angeles, and holds that office to date. Member of the Citj', Federation and Metropolitan Clubs of Los Angeles, Phi Delta Phi, Los Angeles Bar Association, and Masonic Order. Reiuibliran. HENRY L. FORD. Residence, Eureka; office, 2.33 K Street, Eureka. Born in Xoyo, Mendocino County, California. May 15, 1860. Son of Henry L. and Martine (Yugera) Ford. Married Nel- lie V. Woodlee, May 1, 1899. Educated in the public schools of Humboldt County. Studied law under the direction of Honorable J. J. De Haven. Admitted to practice in the Superior Court of Humboldt County, Califor- nia, April 25. 18S7. Admitted to practice in the District Court of Appeal, Third Appel- late District, of California, June 5, 1911. L'nited States Commissioner for the North- ern District of California. Socialist. TIREY LA FAYETTE FORD. Residence, 3Suu Clay Street; office. 623 Balboa Building. San Francisco. Born in Monroe County. Mi^^souri, December 29, 1857. Son of Jacoli Hariisdn and Mary Winn (Aber- nathy) Ford. Married February 1, 1888, to Emma Byington. Moved to California Feb- ruary lo! 1877. Attended district school of MonVoe County, Missouri, and high school of Paris, Monroe County, Missouri. In 1880 entered the law office of Colonel Park Hen- shaw, at Chico, and in 1882 was admitted to the bar of this state. Elected District Attorney of Sierra County, 1888-92. State Senator' from the 3d Senatorial District 1892- 96. Appointed attorney for the State Board of Harbor Commissioners, which office he held until elected Attorney General of the state in 1898. In 1902 retired from this office a few months before the expiration of his term "in order to take charge of the BIOGBAPHIC AL 313 legal department of the United Kailroads of San Francisco, and continues as general coun- sel to date. Member of State Board of Prison Directors, 1905 to date; American Humane Association, American Academy of Political and Social Science, and National Geographical Society; Pacific-Union, Bohe- mian, Union League, Press, Southern Trans- portation, and Commonwealth clubs; San Francisco Bar Association, Presidio Golf Club and Sutter Club of Sacramento. Republican. WILLIAM FRANCIS FORD. Residence, 1715 Lenox Avenue; oflSce, 625- 626 Story Building, Los Angeles. Born in Nevada, August 28, 1872. Son of John D. and Catharine Ford. Married Sue Gertrude Myers in 1903. Moved to California in 1902. Attended the public schools of Nevada until 1884; All Hallows College, Salt Lake City, Utah, until 1887, and later the Notre Dame University (Literary and Business Course), the University of Michigan (Literary), and the University of Georgetown, Washington, D. C, from which he received the degree of LL.B. in 1896. Admitted to the bar of Utah, Salt Lake City, June 29, 1896. Assistant Attorney for the De Lamar Mining Company, of Salt Lake, 1897 to 1899, when he moved to the state of Washington as local attorney for the Republic Mining and Milling Com- pany. Entered the general practice o.f law at Manila, Philippine Islands, in 1901, and returned to Los Angeles in 1906, continuing in the active practice of his profession to date. Member of the University Club of Salt Lake. Republican. WILLIAM JOSEPH FORD. Residence, 454 West 41st Place; office, Dis- trict Attorney's Office, Hall of Records, Los Angeles. Born in Oakland, California, Au- gust 2, 1877. Son of John J. and Mary B. (Mahoney) Ford. Married November 29, 1906, to Maud McCarthy (deceased). Edu- cated in the public schools of Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California October 10, 1899; and later to United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Sec- retary of Judiciary Committee of the state Senate, 1907. Assistant Prosecuting Attorney of Los Angeles, 1907-9. Deputy District At- torney Los Angeles County, 1909-10. Assist- ant District Attorney from January, 1911, to date. Republican. EVAN JOHN FOULDS. Residence, 1160 Clay Street; office, Flood Building, San Fran cisco. Born in San Fran- cisco, August 26, 1888. Son of John Evans and Mary A. (Frick) F ulds. Married to Leigh Stafford, August, 1911. Re- ceived his educa- tion at the Ber- keley High School, University of California (B e r - keley), and Hast- ings College of Law, graduating therefrom in May, 1911, with the degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California May 17, 1911. Attorney in the law department of the South- ern Pa.cifi& Company, and continues in that office to date. Member of the Phi Alpiha Delta fraternity. EDWIN LYCURGUS FORSTER. Residence, 2901 Pacific Avenue; office, Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in San 314 BlOG Vi A P II I C AL Francisco. January 21, 1867. Son of Peter Bernard and Laura C. (Bert) Forster. Mar- ried Luella M. Smith. Received his educa- tion from the ShotweU Pi imarv School, Valen- cia Street Grammar School and by private tuition, later graduatinjj from Ha.^Jtinjfs Col- lege of Law. Admitted to the bar at Sac- ramento, California, in 1S90. Has been prac- ticing alone since 1890. Member of the Masonic fraternity. Democrat. WILLIAM H. FRANCIS. Oftice, McXeece Building, San Diego. Born Jan- uary 29, 1843, in Ingham C o unty, Michigan. Son of Alfred and Eliza (Garrison) Fran- cis. Married in 1872 to Mary A. Sutton. Moved to California Febru- ary 2, 1887. Edu- cated in the pub- Hc schools of Michigan. Ad- mitted to the bar f Michigan i n 1872, and to the bar of California in 1887. Practiced law in Mason, Michigan, for one year, when lie moved to J>ankfort, Michigan, where he formed partnership with L B. Woodhouse under the firm name of Francis & Woodhouse. For a number of years practiced law in San Diego and Escondido. In 1906 returned to San Diego as County Clerk of San Diego County, which office he held until January 1, 1911, since which time has been engaged in the general jiractice of law. Prosecuting At- torney of Benzie County, Michigan, two terms. Member of Michigan Legislature, 1878-80; Senate, 1884-86. For three years member of Second Michigan Cavalrv. Mem- ber of B. P. O. E., G. A. K., and Chamber of Commerce. Republican. W. WIRT FRANCIS. Office, San Di.-go. P.orn August 31, 1878, in Frankfort, Michigan. Son of William H. and Mary Ann (Sutton) Francis. Moved to California in 1885. Married July 9, 1908. to Rhoda K. Requa. Educated in the public schools of Michigan and California. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1910. Deputy District Attorney of San Diego County since October, 1911. Deputy Countv Clerk San Diego County from 1907 to 1911. Rei)ublican. IRVING HORACE FRANK. Residence, 1827 Vallejo Street; office, 1215 Merchants Exchange Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in San Francisco, June 24. 1882. Son of Nathan H. and Charlotte Elizabeth (Petterson) Frank. Attended Boone's Uni- versity School, University of California and Hastings College of Law. from which he grad- uated in 1909, receiving the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco, May, 1909. Commenced the practice of law in partnership with Xathan H. Frank, under the firm name of Frank k Frank, which continues to date. NATHAN H. FRANK. Residence, 1827 Yalle.io Street; office, 1215 Merchants Exchange Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in San Francisco, June 3, 1858. Son of Jacob and Eva (Myer) Frank. Mar- ried September 19. 1881. to Charlotte Eliza- beth Petterson. Received his early educa- tion at the Suisun public school, and entered the University of California in 1873. graduat- ing therefrom in 1877 with the degree of Ph.B. Entered the Columbia Law School in 1877, and graduated with the degree of LL.B. in 1879. Admitted to the bar of the state of Xew York in 1879, and entered the firm of Wheaton & Scrivner, which partnership con- tinued until 1881. when he entered the office of Milton Andros and after a few years en- tered into partnership with him, practicing under the firm name of Andros & Frank until 190f). Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia July, 1879. and now practicing his profession in association with his son, Irving H. Frank. PAUL FLAMINIO FRATESSA. Residence. 899 Berlin Street; office, Hearst Building. San Francisco. Born in Switzer- land. Canton Ticino, May 17, 1883. Son of Charles and Celestina (Sonogini) Fratessa. Moved to California July 27, 1885. Mar- ried Julia Marcella Glennon, June 22, 1904. Graduate of South End School in 1897. At- BIOGRAPHICAL 315 tended Prof. Grau's School and Kent's Law School during 1907-8. Admitted to the bar at examination held by District Court of Ap- peal on November 18, 1908, and became asso- ciated with the Arm of Keane & Finch. Member of the legislature, 1907-8. Practic- ing alone to date. Member of the San Bruno Avenue Improvement Club, Foresters of Amer- ica and California Council, No. 880, Knights of Columbus. Republican. BLAKE FRANKLIN. Office, Pacific Mutual Building, Los An- geles. Born May 3, 1878, in Macomb, Ill- inois. Son of John H. and Irene (Hudgins) Franklin. Educated in the public schools of Washington, D. C, and Illinois. Attended Knox College. Graduated from the Law De- partment, George Washington University, in 1904, with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia in 1906; New Mexico, 1911; California, 1912. Assistant At- torney of Pacific Mutual Insurance Company to the present time. Eepublican. JOHN D. FREDERICKS. Residence, 258 North Uiiiini Avenue; office. Hall of Records, Los Angeles. Born in Bur- gettstown, Pennsylvania, September 10, 1869. Son of Rev. James T. and Mary (Patterson) Fredericks. Married to Agnes M. Blakeley in 1896. Attended public schools of his native town, and Trinity Hall Military Academy, Washington, Pennsylvania., 1882 to 1886. Entered Washington & Jefferson Col- lege 1886; meniber of class of 1801. Moved to California, where he taught in Whittier State School for three years. Meanwhile read law, in Los Angeles, Admitted to bar of this state at Los Angeles, in 1895. Served as Adjutant, 7th Regiment, Cali- fornia Volunteers, during Spanish-American War. Commenced active practice of his pro- fession in Los Angeles in 1895. Appointed Deputy District Attorney of that city, 1899. Elected District Attorney, 1902, and re- elected in 1906 and 1910. Chief counsel in famous oiled roads case in 1906. Prosecutor in McNamara brothers case, which he headed in behalf of Los Angeles County, in 1911. Member of California Club, University, Union League, City Federation, Los Angeles Country and Automobile clubs of Los An- geles, Chamber of Commerce, Fraternal Brotherhood Forester, and Masonic frater- nities, California State Bar Association and Los Angeles County Bar Association. Re- publican. ARTHUR MONROE FREE. Residence, M o u ntain View; ffi ce Courthouse, San Jose. Born in S a n J ose, Janu- ary 15, 1879. Son of George A. and Ellen E. (Little- field) Free. Mar- ried November 11, 1905, to Mabel C a rolyn Boscow. G raduated fro m the Santa Clara G rammar S c hool in 1893 and the Santa Clara Higli School in 1896. Attended the Uni- versify of the Pacific, 1896-97, and Stanford University, receiving the degree of A. B. in 1901 and" the degree of LL.B. in 1903. Ad- mitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California September 16, 1903. City Attorney of Mountain View, California, from 1904 un- til 1911. District Attorney of Santa Clara Countv from January 1, 190-6, to date. Mem- ber of the Masonic fraternity, B. P. O. E.. and N. S. G. W. Member of the Grange and Union League clubs. Republican. EDWIN W. FREEMAN. Residence, 3825 West Sixteenth Street; office, 509-511 Homer Laughliu Building, Los Angeles. Born October 1, 1860, in Galesville, Wisconsin. Son of Hon. George Y. and Ann Stroud (Hollingshead) Freeman. Moved to California, February, 1887. Married Maude Fauver in 1890, who died in 1895; married again in 1904 to Carrie Stone. Educated in the public schools of Wisconsin and Gales- ville University. Studied law in the office of his father. 'Admitted to the bar of Wis- 316 BIO Gil A P II IC A L oonsin in December, 1SS6; in California in 1887, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts. Practiced law in San Bernardino, California, in partnership with the late .Turil, 1S92. Conimeuced thfi practice of law in Kiversiile in ls93 and con- tinues to date. District Attorney of River- side County for one term. Member of Ma- sonic order. Democrat. JAMES NORRIS GILLETT. Re^■illeuce, '24'A7 I'iodmont Avenue, Berke- ley; office, Fir^t National Bank Buildinjj, San Francisco. Born in Viroqua. Wisconsin, Sep- tember 20, IStifl. .Sou of Cyrus F. and Jane (Norris) Gillett. Moved to California in 1884. Married May 9. 1898, to Isabella Erzyraber. Graduate of the Sparta, Wiscon- sin, Hiyh School. Admitted to the bar at Sparta. Wisconsin, in October. 18S1. Com- menced the practice of law in Eureka. Hum- boldt 'cuuty, and continued there for twenty- five years, for some time being associated with Judge F. A. Cutler, under the firm name of Gillett & Cutler. Commenced the practice of law in San Francisto in January, 1911. State Senator from 1897 to 1902, 5Sth and 59th Sessions of Congress, and Governor of California from 19tl7 to 1911. Member of the Union League, Bohemian and Pacific Union clubs. Republican. OREL M. GOLDAHACENA. Residence, 2449 Jackson Street; office, 4 Columbus Avenue, San Francisco. Born Murphy's Camp, <'alaveras County, California, July ::i. 18.57. Son of Miguel and Paul- ine (Echaverria) (loldaracena. Mar- ried Anita Fon- tana March 27, 1888. Graduate of the public schools of Los .\ngeles, Franciscan Col- lege, Santa Bar- bara, and Univer- sity of Pamplona, Province of Navarre, Spain. Admitted to the bar at San Fran- cisco August 17, 1886. Engaged in the busi- ness of buying and selling real jiro])erty and in the general jiractice of the law. From July, 1899, to December, 1909, was Consul for Spain in San Francisco. Since 1908 until present date Consul for Uruguay in San Fran- cisco. Was knighted a chevalier of the Or- der of Isabella by the king of Sjiain on the .3d of April, 1907, with the Grand Cross. Member of Stanford Parlor No. 76. N. S. G. W., Parfaite Union Lodge No. 17. A. F. & A. M., and Past High Chief Ranger of the Ancient Order of Foresters. Republican. FRANK J. GOLDEN. Residence, Oakland; office, 802-804 Hewes Building. San Francisco. Born in Napa, Cali- fornia. June 3, 1877. Son of Patrick and Mary E. (DriscoU) Golden. Married to Ber- nice M. Naggs, September 13, 1898. Re- ceived his education in the i)ublie schools 'jf Xapa County and of San Francisco. Was admitted to practice in all the courts of California, April 7, 1906, and to the Supreme Court of the United States, April 22, 1909. Commenced the active practice of his profes- sion immediately upon his admission and con- tinues to practice alone. Member of the San Francisco-Alaska Club, Knights of Pythias and N. S. G. W. fraternities, and of the San Francisco Bar .\ssociation. ARCHIBALD SAMUEL GOLDFLAM. Residence, 11.31 Elden Avenue; office, 305 Merchants Trust Building. Los .\ngeles. Born Tulv 4, 1S89. in St. .Joseph, Missmiri. Son of Sam and Sarah TFeltenstein) Gold- flam. Moved to California in 1908. Gradu- ated from the high school, St. .Joseph. Mis- souri; Yale T'^niversity, with degree of LL. B., in 1910. Admitted to the state bar, at Los Angeles, August 24. 1910. and later to T'nited States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Associated with Judge Henry C. Dillon until .June. 1911. since whifh date ])ractices in Los Angeles alone. Member of B'nai B'rith fraternity. Republican. HEIM GOLDMAN. Residence, San Francisco; office, 346 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in Rock Island, October 2, 1882. Son of Isaac and BIOGRAPHICAL 327 Leua (Solinsky) Goldman. Moved to Cali- fornia July 1, 1909. Received his early edu- cation in the grammar and high schools of Kansas City, Kansas. Entered the Univer- sity of Kansas and graduated in 1907 with the degree of A. B. and 1909 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar in Topeka, Kansas, June 28, 1909, California, July 24, 1909. Commenced the practice of his profes- sion in San Francisco, continuing alone to date. Eepul)lieau. RICHARD S. GOLDMAN. Residence, 2121 Buchanan Street; office, First National Bank Building, San Francisco. Born August 11, 1SS9, iu San Francisco. Son of Bernard and Hattie (Levy) Goldman. Received his education in the public schools of San Francisco and later in life attending the University of California, graduating in 1909 with the degree of B. L. and from Hast- ings College of Law in 1911. Admitted to the bar in San Francisco, April 30, 1911. LOUIS GOLDSTONE. Residence, 2207 Fu 1 tio n Street; office, 817 Hum- boldt Bank Build- ing, San Francisco. Born July 17, 1871, in San Francisco, Call f ornia. Son of Samuel J. and Sarah Jeanette (O d e n h e i mer) Goldstone. At- tended the public schools of Denver, Colorado, and San Francisco. Gradu- ate of the Lowell High S c ho 1 in 1 S >S 8; University of California in 1892. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California, August 8, 1893; Supreme Court of Hawaii, February, 1898; United States District Court 1901, and United States Circuit Court April, 1905. Since 1893 has been engaged in the practice of law in San Francisco. Democrat. HUGH GOODFELLOW. Residence, 2727 Garber Street, Berkeley; office, 430 California Street, San Francisco. Born in Oakland, California, November 12, 1880. Son of W. S. and Alice R. (Annott) Goodfellow. Married December 20, 1905, to Sarah Jane Downey. Attended Franklin Grammar School until 1892; Mt. Tamalpais Military Academy, 1892-93; Alameda Uni- versity Academy, 1893-97; University of California, 1897-1901; Columbia University, 1901-2, and Hastings College of the Law, 1902-5, whence he graduated with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California on examination in September, 1903. Ap- pointed Deputy District Attorney of Alameda County in May, 1905, serving until August, 1906. Entered' into partnership with his father, W. S. Goodfellow, and Charles P. Eells, practicing under the firm name of Goodfellow & Eells, in November, 1907, prior to which he was associated with the firm. This partnership continued until 1910, when W. H. Orrick entered the firm, the name being changed to Goodfellow, Eells & Orrick, which continues to date. Member of the University, Bohemian, Olympic, Mer- chants Exchange, and Claremont Country clubs. Re]Miblican. WILLIAM SCOTT GOODFELLOW. Residence, 745 5th Avenue, Oakland; office, 430 California Street, San Francisco. Born September 16, 1850, in Auckland, New Zea- land. Received his education in the Edin- burgh Collegiate School, high school of Edin- burgh and at the University of Cambridge, re- ceiving the degree therefrom of B. A. in 1872 (belonged to St. Peter's College). Called to the bar by the Inner Temple, London, in No- vember, 1873, and moved to this state the fol- lowing year, being duly admitted to the bar of the state in 1875. Commenced the active practice of profession alone, continuing until 1885, when he entered into partnership with John R. Jarboe, and Ralph C. Harrison, prac- ticing under the firm name of Jarboe, Har- rison & Goodfellow, which partnership con- tinued until 1890, when Mr. Harrison went on the bench of the Supreme Court. Prac- ticed alone until 1901, when he entered into partnership with Charles P. Eells, practicing 328 BIOGRAPHICAL under the firm name of Goodfellow & ?>lls, and in Xovember, 1907, Hugh Goodfellow en- tered the firm. This partnership continued until 1910, when W. H. Orrick entered the firm, the firm name being changed to Good- fellow, Eells & Orrick, which continues to date. President of the San Francisco Bar Association, for two terms. Member of the Pacific Union, Universitv, Olympic, and Bo- hemian clubs. Republican. BEN GOODRICH. Residence. 1844 South Flower Street, Los Angeles; office. 530 Wilcox Building, Los An- geles. Born September 23. 1839, in Grimes County, Texas. Son of B. B. and Serena (Caruthers) Goodrich. Married Maj- 17, 1865, to Mary F. Terrell. Received his edu- cation at Austin College, Huntsville, Texas. Admitted to the bar of Texas at Anderson, Grimes County, in 1865, and practiced there until 1877, when he removed to Sherman, Texas, entering into partnership with Cap- tain W. B. Brack. Moved to Tombstone, Ari- zona, in 1880, and in 1890 moved to San Diego, California, forming partnership with W. J. Hunsaker and E. W. Britt. Moved to Los Angeles in 1892, and remained until 1902, when he returned to Tombstone. Arizona. In 1911 he returned to Los Angeles, and has continued in active practice of his profession since. In 1884 was elected Treasurer of Cochise County, Arizona. Democrat. J. W. GOODWIN. Residence, Redwood City; office. First National Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in 1864, in San Francisco, California. Son of James P. and Harriett (Baker) Good- win. Married to Ada M. Norris in 1891. Ciraduated from the University of Michigan in lS9i>, receiving the degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, in San Fran- cisco, in 1891, and immediately commenced the active practice of his profession alone, continuing until 1904. Entered into partner- ship in that year with Burke Corbet, under the firm name of Corbet & Goodwin, which continued until January 1, 190(5, and upon the dissolution of this partnership, retired from the active practice of his profession. Mem- ber of the Pacific T'nion ami Boheminn clubs. GEORGE BASIL GORDON. Residence, Glendora; office. 44ii Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born August 7. 188 1, in Columbia, Tennessee. Son of Hugh T. and Anna (Nicholson) Gordon. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1888. Received his early eilucation in the public schools of Los Angeles. At- tended the University of California from 1902 to 1906. Graduated from Yale University iu 1908, with degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1909. Entered into part- nership with his father, Hugh T. Gordon, with whom he continues the practice of his pro- fession to date, under the firm name of Gor- don & Gordon. Member of the Masonic order. Acacia Fraternity of the University of California, and of the University Club of Los Angeles. Independent. HUGH GORDON. Residence, Glendora; office, 44u Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born Xovember 19. 1884, in Columbia. Tennessee. Son of Hugh Taylor and Anna (Nicholson) Gordon. Moved to California iu ISSS. Educated in the i)ub- lic schools of California. Graduated from th-i University of California, with the degree of B. L.; Harvard Law School in 1912. with de- gree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in September, 1911. Member of the firm of Gordon & Gordon to date. Member of Masonic or Hester A. F.iniswortli. Second marriage to Nettie Eatun in 1898. Received his early education in public schools of Santa Clara County; Vinson lialor's Col- lege, San Jose; State Normal School, San Jose, and later the Alabama State University of Law, grailuating with the degree of B. L. in 1887. Admitted to the bar in Alabama in 1887; California, 1887. Has practiced alone to date with exception of one or two short partnerships. Member of the legislature from Merced County, from 1891 to 1895. Speaker of the Assembly of California and ex-oflRcio Regent of the State University, from 1893 to 1895. Building and Loan Com- missioner from 1897 to 1901. Director of the State Hospital at Agnews from 1894 to 19(tO. Chairman of the Democratic State Conventions hebl in the years lS9tj to 1904. Chairman of the Democratic State Central Committee from 1S94 to 1896. Member of the Olympic, Union League and Conimon- wealtii iliibs. Democrat. WILL DANIEL GOULD. Residence, 1553 Baxter Street; office, 82- 85 Temple Block, Los Angeles. Born Sep- tember 17, 1845, in Cabot, Vermont. Son of Daniel and Betsa (Smith) Gould. Moved to California in February, 1873. Married June 26, 1875, to Mary L. Hait. Educatetl in the public and high schools of Cabot, Vermont; academies at St. .Johnsbury and Barre, Ver- mont. Graduated from University of Michi- gan in 1871 with degree of LL.B. Studied law in office of Hon. Charles H. Heath at Plainfield, Vermont. Admitted to tlie bar of Michigan, 1871; Vermont, 1871; California, ls72, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California and to tlie United States Supreme Court. For three years member of the firm of Mar- shall, Gould & Dunkleberger. Later in part- nership with .Tames H. Blanchanl, under the firm name of Gould & Blanchard, for several years. Member of militia of Vermont, 1863. Superintendent of Schools of Cabot, Vermont, 1866. Princi[)a] of high scJiools at Pas- sumpsic, Marslifield, and Plainfield. Vermont. Member of Masonic order and K. of P. frater- nity. Democrat. THOMAS F. GRABER. Residence, 2037 Durant Avenue, Berkeley; office, 906 Broadway, Oakland. Born August 15, 1848, in Lockport, Niagara County, New BIOGRAPHICAL 331 York. Sou of Charles Lofixis and Aurelia (Potts) Graber. Moved to California iu March, 1876. Married Ada Botsford, Sep- tember 26, 1877. Attended Ann Arbor High School (classical course), graduating in June, 1S71, and the University of Michigan (Latin scientific course), from which he graduated in June, 1875, receiving the degree of B. S. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco, August 22, 1882. Commenced the practice in Oakland immediately upon admis- sion, and continues in the practice, associated with C. L. Colvin, since January 1, 1885. Trustee, City Clerk and City Attorney of Berkeley at different periods prior to 1900. Member of the Masonic fraternity and I. 0. O. F. Republican. MAURICE GRADWOHL. Residence, 938 Pine Street; office, Pacific Building, San Francisco. Born in California, March, 1859. Educated in the San Franeisco' public scliools. Business College, University of California, and Hastings College of Law. Admitted to the bar of California in Saii Francisco in 1883, and has continued the jirac- tice of his profession to date, making .i specialty of civil, corporation and probate law. Member of the Knights of Pythias fr.(- ternity. Republican. RALPH F. GRAHAM. Residence, 335 North Comstock Avenue, Whittier; office. District Attorney's Offieo, Hall of Records, Los Angeles. Born in Mei- cer County, Illinois, April 30, 1866. Son of James C. and Ann Eliza (Westfall) Graham. Moved to California in 1904. Married No- vember 24, 1887, to Alice R. Winger. Edu- cated in the public schools of Illinois and the Kansas Normal School at Fort Scott, Kansas, Read law in the office of E. J. Salmon, New- ton, Iowa. Admitted to the bar of Iowa, by the Supreme Court, May, 1898; California, by the Supreme Court, 1904. City Attorney at Whittier from 1904 to 1906, and 1908 to 1911. Appointed Deputy District Attorney of Los Angeles County, December, 1911, which position he holds at date. Member of K. of P. and Knights Templar. Republican. THOMAS FRANCIS GRAHAM. Residence, 2368 Vallejo Street; office. City Hall, San Francisco. Born in St. Paul, Min- nesota, November 4, 1867. Son of Thomas F. and Mary (Burns) Graham. Moved to California in July, 1871. Married to Helen Loretta McNulty, February 14, 1893. Re- ceived his education from the public schools. Admitted to the bar December 24, 1894, in San Francisco. Appointed Assistant Prose- cuting Attorney in 1894. Prosecuting Attor- ney in 1897. Elected Judge of the Police Court in 1898 and Judge of the Superior Court in 1900. Member of the Olympic Club, Order of Eagles, Knights of Columbus, Wood- men of the World, Cosmos Club and Young Men's Institute. Reimblican. WILLIAM GRANT. Residence, 296S Washington Street; office, Merchants National Bank Building, San Fran- cisco. Born September 2, 1862, in San Fran- cisco. Son of John and Elizabeth Augusta (Nelson) Grant. Married September, 1910, to Hildergarde Zimdars. Educated in the public schools of San Francisco, ami later attended the Law Department of the Uni- versity of California, from which he gradu- ated in 1884, with degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to tlie liar of California in 1884. Admitted to practice in all courts having jurisdiction in this state and Supreme Court of United States. Associated in the office of Michael Mullany in 1884, and formed part- nership under the firm name of Mullany, Grant & Gushing, which continued until 1903, when the firm name was changed to Gushing, Grant & Gushing, and which was dissolved in 1908. Entered into partnership with J. B. Zimdars in 1908, under the firm name of Grant & Zimdars, which continues to date. Member of the Bohemian, Olympic, Common- wealth clubs, San Francisco Bar Association, and the Society of California Pioneers. In- dependent. JOHN CARLETON GRAY. Residence and office, Oroville. Born Febru- ary 2, 1837, in Dresden, Lincoln County, Maine. Son of John L. and Lydia (Carleton) Gray. Married July 3, 1901, to Katherine Hecker. Received earlv education in schools of native 332 B I o a I,' A r n I (' A i. state, ami prepared for college in Vassalbovo and Watt'rville Academies. Entered Water- ville (now Colby) College in lSo9, remaining two years. Studied law in the office of Judge A. Libbey, Augusta, Maine, until June, 18G3, when he moved to California. Admitted ber, 1S9.'), when the partnership was dissolved and a new firm formed under the name of Fox & Gray, which continued up to the decease of Judge Fox, May 2, 1904. En- tered into partncrsiiip with L. C. Leet, under the firm name of (Jrav & T.eet. which was to the Second Judicial District Court in 1867. Taught school in Butte County un- til 1872, when he commenced active practice of his profession in Oroville. Admitted to Suj)reme Court in 1873, and to the United States Circuit Court in 1882. Formed part- nership with John Gale, practicing under firm name of Gray & Gale from 1878 to 1881. Formed partnership with Warren Sexton, practicing under the firm name of Grav & Sexton from 1881 to 1891, and from January, 19(19, to September 19(19, under the firm name of (Jray & Gray. Deputy District Attorney of Butte County, 1872-73. Member of the California Assembly, 1873-74. Elected Dis- trict Attorney, 1886. Elected Superior Judge, 1891, and serves in that office to date. Mem- ber of Delta Kappa Ejisilon fraternity. Ma- sonic and I. O. (). F. fraternities, and the T'nion League Club of San Francisco. Re- I)ublic,'ni. ROSCOE SPAULDING GRAY. Residence, 1921 T.-]egi;,i,li Avenue, Oak- land; office, 719 r'rocker Building, San Fran- cisco. Born April 7, 18.37, in Carroll County, Illinois. Son of Calvin and Abigail North (Spaulding) Gray. Moved to the state in 188.J. Married May 12, 1887, to Mary Fox. Received his education at the public schools of Geneva, Allen County, Kansas. Admitted to the bar in San Francisco, August 5, 1890, becoming a member of the firm of Fox, Kel- logg «S: Gray, which continued until Septem- dissolved in June, 1906, and the firm of Gray & Smith formed, that being dissolved in Sep- tember, 1908, when he entered the Insurance Commission of California. Member of the Commonwealth Club, American, California, San Francisco, and Oakland Bar Associations, Republican. S. A. D. GRAY. Residence, 18o2 West 4.)th Street; office, 635-636 Chamber of Commerce Building, Los BIOGRAPHICAL 333 Angeles. Born Julj' 17, 1860, in Ramsey, Illinois. Son of R. H. and Emily (Hal'l) Gray. Moved to California November 2, 1902. Married January 19, 1904, to Eugenie M. Key. Attended' Southern Illinois State University, Oarbondale, Illinois, 1882-84. Studied law in the office of his brother. J. M. Gray, of Decatur, Illinois. Admitted to the bar of Illinois, 1896; California, 190.3, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Practiced law in Decatui", Illinois, until 1897, when he moved to Peoria, Illinois; then to San Fran- cisco in 1902, where he remained until 1906, when he moved to Los Angeles, w^here he continues to date. Member of Modern Wood- men of America and Modern Brotherhood of America. Democrat. FRED HENRY GREELY. Residence, Marysville; office. Hall of Rec- ords, Marysville. Born in Galena Hill, Cali- fornia, July 5, 18.56. Son of Justus and Margaret (Rideout) Greely. Married Octo- ber 5, 1879, to Lettie Bost. Received his early education at the Marysville High School, from which institution he graduated, and later attended the Wesleyan University, Connecticut. For two years in the class of 1880. Secretary of Buckeye Mills for ten years. Director of Sperry Flour Company seven years. Studied law in the office of W. H. Carlin of Marysville, and was admitted to the bar of California on March 13, 1900. Commenced the practice of his profession in association with W. H. Carlin, which con- tinued until about September, 1901, since which period he has been engaged in the active practice of his profession alone. Elected District Attornev for Yuba Countv in 1907, and continued in that office until 1911. Elected to the Senate in 1889, and elected Mayor of Marysville in 1886. Served seven years on the State Ohico Normal Board, having been appointed by Governor Markhain. Was appointed Registrar of United States Land Office in 1903 and held that appointment until 1906. Was appointed Recorder of Yuba County in December, 1910, and took office the following January, con- tinues to hold that appointment to date. Member of the Native Sons of the Golden West fraternity, and was Grand President of that order in 188.5. Republican. BRECKINRIDGE D. MARX GREENE. Residence, 11 Hillside Court; office, 400 First National Bank Building, Berkeley. Born in San Francisco, California, December 19, 1884. Son of E. B. and Frances (Rosen- berg) Marx. Married Florence E. Davidson, March 7, 1907. Attended the Salisbury School, Salisbury, England, from 1892 to 1899, and Harvard University, graduating therefrom in 1906 with the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco, November 18, 1908. Practiced alone until 1910. Assistant City Attorney of Berkeley, 1910-11. City Attorney of Berke- ley to July, 1911. City Attorney of Pitts- burg, Contra Costa County and Town At- torney of Antioch, from .January, 1910, which offices be continnes to bold to date. Mem- ber of the Harvard Club. KENNETH MILTON GREEN. Residence, San Mateo; office, Mills Build- ing, San Francisco. Born July 25, 1887, in Oakland, California. Son of Milton J. and Kittie C. (Brock) Green. Educated in the public schools of California, and later at- 334 BlOGIi A I' II I (' A h tended Stanford University, (iiadiiated from the Kent Law School, in San Frani-isco, in 1909. witli the degree of J. D. Admitted to practice by the Supreme Court of California, in San Francisco, in 1909. Junior member of the firm of Green, Humphreys & Green. Member of the Masonic and N. S. G. W. fraternities, and of the Southern Club, of San Francisco. Kepublican. MILTON JAMES GREEN. Kcsidence, San Mateo; otlice. Mills Build- ing, San Francisco. Horn September S, 1S58, in Oroville. Butte County, California. Son of James and Catherine Gomber (Moore) Green. Married November 19, 1S84, to Kittie C. Brock. Kducatcd in the jniblic schools of Admitted to the bar of California in 1901, and commenced the practice of his profession, asi^ociated with his father, in Solano County, and was (dected District Attorney of that county in 19U1, continuing until 190<5. Moved to San Francisco in 1909. and continues in Oroville, <''alif(»rnia. Head law in the oflicc of P. O. Hundley, Oroville. and George M. Shaw. Oakland. Admitted to practice at the bar of California in the Supreme Court in 1.S90. and later in the federal courts. Senior member of the firm of Green, Humplneys «S: Green. Served as Referee in Bankruptcy, San Francisco, for twelve years, retiring in 1910 to engage in the |)ractice of his profes- sion. Memljer of the Masonic fraternity and of the Southern and Union League clubs of San Francisco. K'eiuililir;iii. THOMAS TINGEY CRAVEN GREGORY. Residence, San Francisco; office, Alaska Commercial Building, San Francisco. Born October 4, 1878. in Suisun, California. Son of Judge .lohn M. and Evelyn Tingey (Craven) Gregory. Married to Gertrude Mar- tin, April lo, 190H. (Jraduated from Stanford University in 1S99 and took post-graduate work until 19nl in the Staiifoicj Law Sciiool. tlie aoti\(' practii-e of his profession. Presi- dent of the Vallejo Northern Railroad Com- pany and the Sacramento and Woodland Rail- road Company. Member of the Bohemian, Olympic, Commercial, and Commonwealth rlulis of San Francisco, the Sutter Club of S:icramento, the Masonic fraternity. Beta Theta college fraternity and Knights Tem- jilar. DiMiiocrat. WARREN GREGORY. Residence, l'>eikeley; (jIUcc, ^lercliants Kx change Building, San Francisco. Born in Contra Costa County. California, Se|)tember ;iO, 18(51. Son of Munson and Laura (Knox) (iregory. Married Sarah McLean Hardy, April 20, 189(5. Received his early education at Oak Grove public school, of Contra Costa County. In 1880 entered the Boys' High School of San Francisco, graduating in 1888. Attended the ITniversity of California from 1S88-87, graduating with the degree of A. B.. and from tlie Hastings Law Scho(d in ISSKI, receiving the degree of liL. B. Ad- initteil to the Supreme Court of California .It San Francisco in 1890. Admitted to courts of Oregon and Alaska, United States Supreme Court and all federal courts of the Ninth Circuit. Practiced his profession in partnership with W. H. Chickering, uniler the firm name of C'hickering & (iregory, since 1900. Member of the Pacific-Union, Univer- sity, U^nitarian, Mountain and (!iilf clubs. Re- |)uli]ican. BIOGRAPHICAL 335 CARLOS P. GRIFFIN. Eesideuce, Chapman I'ark, Marin Couuty; office, 704 Pacific Buildiug, Sau Francisco. Born July 19, 1874, in Shelbyville, Indiana. Son of Leander and Martha F. (Paul) Griffin. Moved to this state in 1876. Married Flor- ence Bowling in 1902. Eeceived his educa- tion from the Oakland High School, gradu- ating in 1893; University of California, Col- lege of Mines, with the degree of B. S., in 1901, and from the National Universit}^ iji 1905, receiving the degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar at Washington, D. C, June 29, 190.5; California, at San Francisco, Sep- tember 24, 1906. Commenced the practice of his profession and continues alone to date. Eepublican. WILLIAM GOODELL GRIFFITH. Residence, 1736 Olive Avenue; office, 4-o Howard Canfield Building, Santa Barbara. Born in Rushville, Illinois, February 9, 1867. Son of Reese H. and Susan P. (Stebbins) Griffith. Moved to California in January, 1895. Married June 15, 1899, to Clara Fran- ces Hardy. Attended the public schools of Illinois; Rushville Normal School, and Col- lege of Law of Illinois Wesleyan University', at Bloomington, receiving the degree of LL. B. in 1891. Admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1891, and to the bar of California in 1897. Practiced law in Chicago until he moved to Santa Barbara, since which date he has prac- ticed his profession alone. Eepublican. LEWIS AUGUSTUS GROFF. Eesidence, 67S Irolo Street; office, 717 Trust and Savings Building, Los Angeles. Born in Wooster, Wayne County, Ohio, De- cember 31, 1841. Son of Augustus and Elizabeth (Troutman) Groff. Married April, 1868, to Mary Ellen Gregory. Attended the jmblic schools of Washington Township, Henry County, Ohio. Read law at Napoleon, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar of that state in 1867. Commenced the practice of his profession in Toledo and was appointed As- sistant United States District Attorney in 1868. Moved to Lincoln, Nebraska, in 1870, and admitted to the bar of that state. Elected Police Judge of Lincoln, Nebraska, in 1872. Moved to Omaha in 1877 and formed the law firm of Groff, Montgomery & Jeffrey. In April, 1887, appointed Judge of the Dis- trict Court of Nebraska in Omaha. Ap- pointed Commissioner of the General Land Office of the United States in 1889, and re- signed, owing to ill-health, in 1891. Moved to California upon his resignation and com- menced the active practice of his profession in Los Angeles, continuing until March, 1900, when he was appointed Postmaster of that city. Resumed the practice of his profession in March, 1903, and continues in active prac- tice to date. Dean of the College of Law. University of Southern California, since its inception, and instructor in "Mining" and "Agency Law" to date. Member of the Cali- fornia Club. FREDERICK GROS. Residence, 1330 Magnolia Av- enue; office, 813 H. W. Hellman Build- iug, Los Angeles. Born July 2, 1874, in Delphi, Indiana, Son of Christian and A. (H u r 1- burt) Gros. Mar- ried October 18, 1906, to Anne Se- veir. Educated in the public schools of Indiana, and g r aduated fro m the Hanover Col-' lege in 1896 with degree of A. B., and in 1899 graduated from Columbia Uni- versity with degrees of A. M. and LL. B. Ad- mitteti to the bar of Indiana, 1899; Arizona, 1902; California, 1906, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Engaged in the bank- ing business in Phoenix, Arizona, for some time. Practices law in Los Angeles alone to date. Member of Masonic order, Scot- tish Rite, Shriner, Los Angeles Bar Associa- tion, and University Club. Eepublican. WALTER T. GUNN. Residence, 4409 Russell A V e n ue, Hollywood; office, 505-507 Laughlin Building, Los An- geles. Born June 4, 1879, in La Salle C unty, Illinois. Son of Luther V . and Alice (Rogers) Gun n. Married in 1904 to Yina Dayton. Ed- ucated in the pub- lic schools of Il- linois. Graduated from Greer C o 1 - lege, Illinois, in 1889 with degree of B. S. Attended University of Illinois, and graduated from Illinois Wesleyan Law School in 1901 with degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar of Illinois, 1901, and Cali- fornia, 1911. In 1903 formed partnership with John W. Keeslar, under the firm name of Keeslar & Gunn, which continued until 1911, when he moved to Los Angeles, where he continues the practice of law alone to 336 LI U U KAl'U ir AL date. Specializes in oil and mining law. Member of Masonic order, K. of P., B. P. O. E., and for three years member of the Illinois Na- tional Guard. Assistant State Attorney of Vermilion County. Illinois, 19it3-9. Master in Chancery I'nited States Circuit Court, Eastern District of Illinois, 1904-11. Ee- publican. CHARLES EDMUND HAAS. l\i siiU'iK e, 12 7 Francis Avenue, Hollywood; office, 526 M e r c h a n ts Trust Building, Los Angeles. Born April 15, 1S73, in Moniteau County, Missouri. Son of John B. and Carolina (Bruere) Haas. Moved to C a 11 - f r n i a May 30, 1884. Married April IS, 1907, to Lotta L. Boyden. E ducated i n t h e public schools of Missouri and Los Angeles. Graduated from the Los Angeles High School in 1893; Mun- son Shorthand School, 1894; Stanford Uni- versity, 1898, with degree of A. B. At- tended post-graduate course of Law Depart- ment of George Washington University, 1905. Admitted to the bar of California, April 10, 1900. Associated with Loewy & Gutsch at San Francisco for one year. From 1904 to 1906 was connected with the State Depart- ment, Washington, D. C, and Congressional Library. In 1907 was appointed Deputy City Attorney, which office he holds to date. Member of the Los Angeles Bar Association, Kappa Sigma fraternity. Masonic order, Uni- versity and Stanford clubs, and Current Event Club of Holh'wood. Kepublican. JOHN BRUERE HAAS. Residence. Al hambra; o ffi c e, 411 M e r c hants Trust B u ildin^r. Los A n g e 1 e s. Born in Los An- geles, November 21, 1885. Son ot John B. and Caro Una (B r u e r e; Haas. Graduated from the Los Angeles High School in 1902. Attended Los An- geles Y. M. C. A. E ngineerin^ School in 1906. Received the de- gree of LL. B. from the University of South- ern California, College of Law, in 1907, and degree of LL. M. in 1908. Admitted to the bar of California by the District Court of Appeal at Los Angeles July 1. 1907, and to the United States Circuit and District Courts for the Southern District of Cali- fornia the same date. Shortly after admis- sion formed partnership with T. .\. K. Mc- Gowen, under the firm name of McGowen & Haas, which continues to date, specializing iu probate work. Attorney for the Los Angeles Chinese Board of Trade, Chinese League of Justice and Consolidated Chinese Societies. Member of Ramona Parlor, N. S. G. W., Los Angeles. Editor of "Blue and White," Los Angeles High School Annual, 1902. Past President of Alumni Association, University of Southern California, College of Law. Re- publican. WALTER FRANCIS HAAS. Residence, 920 Alhambra Road, Alhambra; office, 302 B. F. Coulter Building, Los Angeles. Born November 12, 1869, Moniteau County, Missouri. Son of John B. and Lena (Bruere) Haas. Moved to California May 30, 1884. Educated in the grammar schools of California, Missouri, and high school, Los Angeles. Read law iu the office of Houghton, Silent & Camp- bell. Admitted to the bar of California .Vpril 7, 1891, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts and Circuit Court of Ap- peals. Commenced the practice of his profes- sion in Los Angeles in partnership with Hugh W. Duncan, under the firm name of Duncan & Haas. This partnership continueril, 1911, was appointed gen- eral counsel, which position he fills at pres- ent date. Memlier Los Angeles Bar Associa- tion. Republican. DANIEL MARION HAMMACK. Residence, 14 4 South 55th Av- enue; office. 724— 728 American Bank Building, Los An- geles. Born in Mercer Conn ty, Tllinois, in 1848. Son of Ephraim and Maranda El- len (M o s e 1 e y) Hammack. Moved to this state in 18 8 8. Married I s abella Stewart in June, 1873, at Monmouth, Tlli- nois. Attended the district schools and graduated from Monmouth (^Illi- nois) College with the degree of A. B. in 18G9, and A. M. in 1873, and trustee of that college for several years until removal to this state. Read law with Stewart & Phelps at Monmouth, Illinois, and admitted by the Supreme Court of that state in 1870. Com- menced the practice of his profession at Oquawka, Henderson County, Illinois, remov- ing to Burlington, Iowa, in 1872, and re- 7naining until 1888, practicing under the firm names of Blake & Hammack, Hammack, How- ard & Virgin, and 1). M. & N. S. Hammack. In 1888 removed to San Diego, California, and practiced there under the firm names of Collier, Hammack & Melford and Hammack & .Terauld. Moved to Los Angeles in 1901 and practiced alone until the admission of his son, Daniel Stewart Hammack, in 1908, under the firm name of Hammack & Ham- mack, which exists to d'ate. State Attorney for four years in Burlington, Iowa. In 1886 was elected judge of the newly established Superior Court of that county, but the court not being jnoperly established, did not take office. Attorney for the Board of Supervisors and City Attorney of San Diego County, 1891-92. Captain of militia comi>any of San Diego during the Spanish-American War. Dean of the Los Angeles College of Law, 1902-5. Member of Masonic fraternity, Fed- eration Club of Los Angeles. Jefferson Club and Democratic League. Democrat. BIOGRAPHICAL 339 DANIEL STEWART HAMMACK. Residence, 5421 L o n g fellow Street; office, 722 American Bank Building, Los An- geles. Born in Burlington, Iowa, May 11, 188 3. Son of Daniel Marion and Isa- b e 1 1 a M cKamy (Stewart) H a m- m a c k. Married June 2, 1910, to Margaret C. Fales. Attended the c o ni in o u schools in San Diego C u n t y, National City High School, two years; and graduated from Occidental College Academy in 1901 and from Occidental College in 1905, receiving the degree of A. B. Later attended Princeton University and graduated with the degree of A. B. Studied law in the office of his father, D. M. Hammack, and admitted to the bar of California July, 1907; later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Since admission has been associated in the practice of his pro- fession with his father, practicing under the firm naine of Hanrmack & Hammack. Mem- ber of Minute Men of San Diego County dur- ing the Spanish-American War; also of the City, Federation and Jefferson clubs of Los Angeles, Princeton Club of Southern Cali- fornia and Knights Pythias fraternity. Dem- ocrat. PERCY VERNON HAMMON. Residence, 4 7 2 C u s ter Avenue; office, District At- t r n e y's Office, Hall of Records, Los Angeles. Born in Spring Hill, Iowa, Au- g n s t 2 8, 18 7 3. Son of John Cal- houn a n d Emma E. ( S t u d 1 e y ) Hammon. Moved t o California i n 18 9 5. Married April 22, 1908, to Mabel L e n ore Adams. Educated in the public schools of Kansas, graduating from the high school at Topeka in 1895. In California, later, took up study of law, and after a course in the University of Southern Cali- fornia graduated in 1907 with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California by the District Court of Appeal for the Second District at Los Angeles in 1906, and to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts for the Southern District of California the same year. Member of Board of Education of Los Angeles, 1903-5; City Council, Los Angeles, 1905-7; State Assem- bly from 75th District, 1907-10. Appointed Deputy District Attorney Los Angeles County, 1907, continuing to date. Member of the P. & A. M., B. P. 0. E., K. of P., M. W., I. O. P., Fraternal Brotherhood, K. & L. of S., Metropolitan Club, and Los Angeles County Bar Association. Professor on "Crim- inal Law and Criminal Procedure" in Uni- versity of Southern California from 1907 to date. Republican. J. WALTER HANBY. Residence, 1315 West 41st Street; office, 541 Cham- b e r of Commerce Building, Los An- geles. Born July 16, 1872, in Visa- 1 i a, Tulare County, C a 1 if or- nia. Son of Jon- athan Waldo and Mary E. (Peck) Hanb}'. Married June 24, 1900, to Gertrude Gunter. Educated in the g T ammar schools in Los Angeles. Graduated fro m the Los Angeles Business College. Received life diploma from the State Board of Edu- cation, December 5, 1905. Read law in the office of White Smith, of Bishop, California; also Judge W. A. Lamar, of Independence, California. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia in Los Angeles, April 7, 1903. City Attorney of Bishop, California, 1903-5. Ad- mitted to the bar of Nevada, September 19, 1906. Later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. District Attorney of Lyon County, Nevada, 1906-8, when he removed to Los Angeles. From 1908 to 1900 in partnership with S. A. D. Gray, under firm name of Gray & Hanby. From 1909 to 1910 in partnership with A. H. Wycoff, under firm name "of Wycoff & Hanby, since which time he has practiced his profession alone. Member of the Ma- sonic and Knights of Pythias fraternities. Democi'at. ALBERT K. HANCOCK. Residence, 161 Hart Avenue, Santa Mon- ica; office, 220 Bullard Building, Los Ange- les. Born February 26, 1852, in Memphis. Tennessee. Son of Captain A. S. and Sarah J. (Ball) Hancock. Moved to California, 340 B I G li A 1' II 1 C A L February, 190<5. Married, October 4, IST"). to Corinne Duke. Eiluoated in the i)ri- vate schools in Memphis and Saulsbury, Ten- nessee. Read law in the office of Judge Addison H. Douglass, Memphis, Tennessee. Admitted to the bar of Tennessee, 18S8; fed- eral courts of Tennessee District, 1891; state courts of California, 1906; federal courts of California District, 1911. Began practice of his profession in Memphis, Tennessee. He formed partnership with George Elliott, un- der firm name of Elliott & Hancock; later with J. E. Bigelow, under firm name of Big- elow & Hancock; later with W. K. Boston, under firm name of Hancock & Boston; there- after with William Messick, under firm name of Hancock & Messick, which continued until his removal to Los Angeles, California, Feb- ruary, 190(), when he formed partnership with James W. Lawrence, under firm name of Hancock & Lawrence, January, 1909, con- tinuing to the present time. Member of the Tennessee Senate, 190.3-4. Member of Ma- sonic order. Knights of Bythias, U. R., Sr)ns of Confederate Veterans, Y. M. C. A. Dem- ocrat. BYRON CALVIN HANNA. Residence, Venice; office. Hall of Records^ Los Angeles. Born in Kansas City, Missouri, January 2,-1887. Son of Bhil K. and Flor- ence E. (Townsend) Hanna. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1891. Married October G, 1908, to Fannie L. Lange. Graduated from the Uni- versity of Southern California with the de- gree of B. L. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia by the Appellate Court, at Los Angeles, January 2, 1908. A]ipointed City Attorney of Ocean Bark. .Tuly 1, 1908. and continues to date. Appointed Chief Deputy District Attorney of Los Angeles County, Fel)ruary 1, 1911, which continues to date. Member of the firm of Thorpe & Hanna. since December I, 191(1. Member of the Masonic and Elks fraternities. Republican. JAMES M. HANLEY. Residence, 4u7ij D e 1 m a r Street ; office, 612-614 Mechanics Bank B u i Id i n g, San Francisco. Born in 1875 in San Francisco. Son of Daniel M. ami Mary J. (Sulli van) H a n 1 e y. Married in 19 03 to Stella M. Hail. Educated i n t h e public schools o f San Fran cisco and the Sacred Heart Co liege. Attended the University of California, Law I),'piirtment, and graduated in May. 1897, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in May, 1897, and continues in the active practice of his profession alone to date. Elected Assembl.\nnan in 1899 from the 32d District of San Francisco. Assistant District Attorney for the City and County of San Francisco from 1900 to December, 1909. Member of the Knights of Columbus and Xative Sons of the Golden West fraternities. Democrat. CHARLES F. HANLON. Residence, Cosmos Club; office, .501 Blielan Building, San Francisco. Born January 19, 1856. Educated in the colleges of San Fran- BIOGRAPHIC A L 341 ciseo, graduating from St. Mary's College with the degree of A. B. in 1875. Bead law in the office of John M. Burnett, and was admitted to the state supreme and federal courts of San Francisco, July 11, 1878. Ad- mitted to the Supreme Court of the United States at Washington, D. C, in 1885. Attor- ney for the estates of the late Colonel Peter Donahue and Colonel J. Mervyn Donahue, and had entire management of same. Chief counsel and director for many years of the San Francisco and North Pacific (Donahue) Eailway Company. Member of the National Guard, Company "G." Major and Brigadier- General on General Dimond's staff for four years, on the staff of Governor Stoneman and afterward on the staff of Governor Bartlett. Member of the Cosmos, Cercle de I'Union, Olympic, San Francisco, Commercial and Press clubs, California Bar Association, Bar Association of San Francisco, and of the San Francisco Art Association. Democrat. JOSEPH EDWARD HANNON. Eesidence, Sun Gabriel, Los Angeles County; office, 530 Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born April 20, 1868, in San Jose, California. Son of Jeremiah C. and Elizabeth (Carr) Hannon. Eeceived his early education in the public schools of Los Angeles County and St. Vin- cent's College, Los Angeles. Eead law in the office of Judge George H. Smith, beginning in 1893. Admitted to the bar of California in 1895; later to the United States Circuit and District Courts for Southern California. In 1897 formed partnership with Judge Smith and C. F. McNutt, under the firm name of Smith, McNutt & Hannon. In 1900 Judge Smith withdrew and the firm of McNutt & Hannon, then established, continued to the death of Judge McNutt, May 31, 1912. Mem- ber of the Newman Club, Knights of Colum- bus, Native Sons, Y. M. I., and Los Angeles Athletic and San Gabriel Valley Count rv clubs. Democrat. HARRY WEBSTER HANSON. Residence, 1202 East F r a nklin Avenue; office, 729 H. W. Hell- man B u i 1 ding, Los Angeles, Born in Chilli- c t h e, Missouri, September 1, 187 2. Son of Henry W. a n d Mary (Marsh) H a nson. Moved t California i \\ 19 2. Married D ecember 23, 1898, to Mary C. Kelly. Educated in the public schools of Henry County, Iowa; Howes Acad- emy, Mt, Pleasant, Iowa. Graduated from the State University in Iowa Citv in 1897, with the degree of Ph.B. and LL.B., in 1898, as president of his law class. Won first honors in two interstate debates for this in- stitution. Admitted to the bar of Iowa, 1898, District and Supreme Courts, and United States District and Circuit Courts of Iowa; California, April, 1903; United States Circuit and District Courts, Southern District of California, September, 1903. President and Trustee of Hollywood Public Library. Member of the Delta Sigma Eho and Masonic fraternities. Eepublican. ELMER HARDESTY. Eesidence, 1158 East 39th Street; office, 529 Higgins Building, Los An- geles. Born Feb- ruary 2, 18 7 '3, i n Oregon City, Oregon. Son of Solomon W. and Margaret E. (Sconce) Har- clesty. Moved t o California in 1900. Married in 1908 to Anna Wolf. Educated in Bishop Scott Academy, Port- land, O r e g on. Eead law in office of Senator George C. Brownell, Oregon City. Admitted to the bar of Oregon, June 1, 1895; 342 BI OGI? A r 11 I (' A L California, June 2, 1902, ami later to United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. Practiced law in Oregon until he moved to San Francisco, California, where he was a member of the firm of Fitch, Har- desty & Campbell. In 190.3 he moved to Los Angeles, where he practices alone to date. Member of K. of P. and I. O. F. fraternities. Republican. DICK FOYE HARDING. Residence i\\\A office. Santa Ana. Born .Tuly 10, ISUO. in Hloomingrove. Ohio. Sou of Newton and Eleanor (Johnstone) Hard- ing. Married Sejitember 1-3, 18S1, to Mary ("lark. Moved to California in 18S4. Re- ceived an academic education in Galion, Ohio. Graduated from the State University of Iowa in 1S81 with degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Iowa. ISSl; California. 19(i9, an 1 later to the Uniteubli< an. CARLOS S. HARDY. Resideuct-. K:^^t Hollywood; office, 22S-232 Exchange Building. Los .\ngeles. Born in Minden. Louisiana. September 23. lS(;(i. Son of Charles L. and Elizabeth (Ratcliff) Hardy. Attended the T'niver^ity of Texas, Chicago Law Schotd and the Illinois College of Law. Admitted to the bar in Austin, Texas, June, 1886, and jiracticed until 1892, when he re- moved to Chicago, and practiced there from 1894 to 1910. Moved to Los Angeles in 1910, and continues the practice of his profession to date. Republican. GEORGE M. HARKER. Residemc. 2ti() South Bciituii Way; office, 52.3 Byrne Building Los Angeles. Born Au- gust 23, 187.3, in Vienna. Illinois. Son of Oliver and Siildie (Bain) Harker. Married Jessie Reynolds. March 11, 19o3. Moved to this state April 20, 1908. Received his early education at Southern Illinois, Normal Uni- versity, grarofession in Vallejo, and from 1889 to 1893 was Assistant District Attorney of So- lano County. In 1893 was appointed City Attornev of Vallejo and held that office till BIOGRAPHICAL 343 1899. Superior Judge of Solano County, ap- pointed by Governor Pardee, in 1905, and was elected to that office in 1907. Since his retirement from the bench has been engaged in the general practice of his profession. City Superintendent of Vallejo schools, 1892- 94 and 189.5-97. Member of the Masonic order, Knight Templar, Shriner, I. 0. O. F., I. 0. F., B. P. O. E. and X. S. G. W. frater- nities. Republican. CHARLES KEAN HARPER. Residence, 1401 Jones Street; office, 874 Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born April 4, 1876, in San Francisco. Son of Henry Payler and France Ellison (Tobiasj Harper. Married May Allennette Townsend, November 9, 1910. Received his early educa- tion in the grammar schools of Oleander, Fresno County, graduating in 1891. Attended the State Normal School, San Jose. 1892-93; High School of Eureka, 1896-97; Oakland High, 1898, and the University of California, 1900. Studied law in the office of Jordan & Brann. Admitted to practice in April, 1906. Was associated with Jordan, Rowe & Brann until February, 1908, when he entered into partnership with the firm of Rigby & Rigby, which continued until February, 1909, since which time he has continued the practice of his profession alone to date. Republican. JOB HARRIMAN. Residence, 1207 Maryland Street; office, 921 Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Born June 1.5, 1861, in Clinton County, Indiana. Son of Newton S. and Elizabeth (Miller) Harriman. Married November, 1893, to Theodosia Gray. Received early education in the public schools of Indiana, later attending Butler University, at Irvington, and Colorado College, at Colo- rado Springs. Admitted to practice in the state of Indiana in 18'8.5 by the Superior Court. Moved to California the following year. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court in 1898, and by the United States District and Circuit Courts. Socialist. ROBERT HARRISON. Residence, San Francisco; office, 519 Cali- fornia Street, San Francisco. Born in No- vember, 1842. Received his early education in the common schools of New York. Supple- mented by a finishing course at Ft. Edward Collegiate Institute in 1865. Entered the Albany Law School, and in 1867 graduated from the University of Albany with the de- gree of LL. B., and was admitted to the bar of New York. Moved to San Francisco the same year and was admitted the following year to the bar of this state. In 1869 re- ceived the appointment of Assistant United States Attorney for the District of Califor- nia, and later formed partnership with Frank M. Pixley, under the firm name of Pixley & Harrison, which association continued for five years. Practiced alone from that date, except for a few years' partnership with .lohn F. Swift and later with Darwin C. Allen. HEBERT M. HASKELL. Residence, 403 Magnolia Avenue; office, 507-511 First National Bank Building, Long Beach. Born July 16, 1870, in Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin. Son of Stephen Cleveland and Anna R. (Sowle) Haskell. M^arried August 29, 1904, to Jeunette M. Piper. Educated at the high school at Fort Atkinson, Wisconsin, and attended the University of Wisconsin (College of Letters) in 1893 and the College of Law in 1897. Admitted to the bar of Wis- consin, June, 1897, and to the bar of Califor- nia, June, 1909. Practiced alone in Long Beach to date. Member of the Masonic fra- ternity. Republican. SAMUEL M. HASKINS. Residence, 2624 Orchard Avenue; office, 718 Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles. Born in 1872 in Salt Lake City, Utah. Son of Thomas W. and Frances Emily (Austin) Has- kins. Married to Elisa Bonsall in 1902. Moved to California in 1887, where he at- tended Los Angeles High School until 1889. Graduated from the University of California in 1893, with the degree of B. A. Admitted to the bar of California at Los Angeles in 1895, where he commenced the active practice of his profession, and continues same to date alone. Democrat. MARTIN CARROLL HASSETT. Residence, 172o Vallejo Street; office. Fox- croft Building, San Francisco. Born October 344 BIOGU APIII C A L 27, 183S, in County Tipperary, Ireland. Son of Patrick and Mary Ann (Maher) Hassett. Came to the United States in 1S49 and re- ceived his education in the public schools of New York and Keesville Academy, Clin- ton County, New York. Studied law with Hewitt & Watson at Keesville, New York, and with Judge Beckwith & Sons of Platts- burg. New York. Admitter;utiiT. I>oiiioriat. ABRAM CARUTHERS HART. Residence, 1506 Orange Street; oflBce, 411 American Bank Building, Los Angeles. Bora in Nashville, Tennessee, December 17, 1887. Son of .John Winslow and Fannie (Caruthers) Hart. Graduated from Warner Public School, Nashville, Tennessee, in 1898. From 1899 to 1900 attended Fogg High School, Nashville, Tennessee, and 1901 to 1902. Los Angeles High School. In 190.3 graduated from the Los Angeles Business College (one year course in shorthand and bookkeeping). From 1907 to 19t)8 attended the University of Southern California. From June 3, 1909, to date, associated in the oflSce of Shankland ^- Chandler, of Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California, in Los Angeles. September 27. 1911. Kei-ubliran. AUGUSTUS LORING HART, JR. Colusa, California, January 17, 1877. Son of A. L. and Mary (Beckman) Hart. Mar- lied to Irene Ivy Kodenl>augh in May, 1909. Received his education in the Sacramento High School, and later attended the Univer- sity of California, receiving the degree of A. B. in 19(X» and the degree of LL.B. from the Hastings College of Law in 1902. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in May, 1902, and commenced the practice of his profession in partnership with Herman T. Miller, prac- ticing under the firm name of Hart & Miller, being located in San Francisco. The partner- ship was dissolved in 1904, and he continued alone until 1909, when he removed to Sacra- mento and entered into partnership with W. T. Hume, whi.h continues to date. Repub- lican. ELIJAH CARSON HART. Residence, 2.j03 K street; office, State Cap- itol, Sacramento. Born September 9, 1'85C, in the state of Nevada. Son of James and Sarah Owens (Ca\nns) Hart. Married to Adaline M. Vivian, May 20, 1878. Received his education in the public schools of Colusa, and studied law in the office of his brother, A. L. Hart, of Sacramento. Admitted to the bar of California in 188.5, and the following year was elected City Attorney of Sacra- mento, serving in that office until 1888. Elected to the California Assembly in 1888, and was again elected City Attorney of Sac- ramento in 1892. Elected to the Senate in 1892, and in 1896 was elected to the superior bench, continuing in office until 1902, when he was again re-elected. Served up to Jan- uary, ]9n7, when he assumed the duties of Judge of the District Court of Appeal to Residence, 2218 H Street; office, People's which he was elected at the preceding gen- Savings Bank Building, Sacramento. Born in eral election and continues in that office to BIOGRAPHICAL 345 date. Member of the Sutter Club of Sacra- mento and B. P. O. E., Bed Men, Knights of Pythias, and Eagle fraternities. Repub- lican. SAMUEL ROBERT HART. Residence, 6191/0 H Street; office, 9161/2 7th Street, Sacramento. Born, March 22, 1858, in San Jose, California. Son of James and Sarah Owens (Cavins) Hart. Married July, 1906, to Mae Stephens. Received his education in the public schools of Colusa, and preme Court of Iowa, in April, 1870, Supreme Court of California in July, 1873, and the Sapreme Court of the United States and to later engaged in farming and commercial pursuits. Studied law in the office of his brother, General A. L. Hart, at Colusa, and later in the office of Judge Frazier of the same city. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia in Los Angeles in 1888, and commenced the active practice of his profession in Fresno the following year, continuing in that city until 1904, when he removed to Sacra- mento and has been actively engaged in his profession to date. Member of the Native Sons of the Golden West fraternity. Re- publican. WILLIAM HENRY HARRISON HART. Residence, Palo Alto; office, Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born in Yorkshire, England, January 25, 1848. Educated in the public schools of Iowa and Illinois. Enlisted in the army January 2.'?, 1862, and honorably discharged February, 1866. Studied criminal law in the office of Judge W. E. Leffingwell, of Lyons, Iowa, commercial law in the office of the Hon. A. R. Cotton, of the same city, and real estate and corporation law under Boardman & Brown, of Marshaltown, Iowa. Admitted to the County Courts of Iowa in 1868, District Courts of Iowa in 1869, Su- the United States Court of Claims, Wash- ington, D. C, in December, 1874. Appointed City Attorney of De Witt, Iowa, 1870-71. Moved to the state of California in 1873 and elected Attorney-General of the State in 1890, serving until 1894. Continues in the active practice of his profession to date. Specialty, mining, probate and corporation law. Mem- ber of the G. A. R., Geo. H. Thomas, Post No. 2, of San Francisco, Masonic and I. O. O. F. fraternities and California Bar Association. LOUIS M. HARTWICK. Residence and office. Orange. Born in Mishawa- ka, Indiana, Feb- ruary 14, 1848. Son of William M. and Mary L. (Wight) Hartwick. Married Alice A. Tuller, D e c e m be r 17, 1871. Attended Hillsdale College in 1865-66, and the University of Michigan, gradu- ating therefr m March 30, 1870. Admitted to the bar by the Circuit Court of Lenawee County, Michigan, March 15, 1870, and to the Su- preme Court of Michigan, March 2, 1871. Admitted to the United States District and Circuit Courts of Michigan, October 25, 1900. 346 BIOGRAPHIC A L Move«l to California in 1904. and was ad- mitted to the United States District and Ciriuit Courts of California, December 5, 1904. Admitted to practice in the state courts of California by the District Court of Appeal. November KJ. 19()."5. Specializes in probate and collections. Appointe.l Prose- cuting Attorney of Oceana County, Michi- gan, in 1SS2. Elected in 1S9:2, and served until lH9o. Circuit Court Commissioner of Oceana County, Michigan, from 1S81 to 1883. Citv Attorney of Orange. 1906 and 1907. Member of Board of Trustees of High School and President of Orange ( hamber of Com- merce; also of the Masonic. ()racticed alone. Pres- ident of Indejiendciit Rci.ubli.an Movement in Taylor campaign in 19o7. Assistant City Attorney of San Francisco from 1908 to 1911. in charge of litigation with public service cor- jiorations. Member of the Commonwealth. Unitarian and Commercial clubs, and Sons of the American Revolution. Republican. EUGENE A. HAWKINS. Residence, (501 King>^lcy Drive; office, 712 Title Insurance Building, Los Angeles. Born March 16, 1871, in Americus, Georgia. Son of Eugene A. and Mary Ann (McCleskey) BIOGRAPHICAL 347 Hawkins, and grandson of Willis A. Haw- kins, distinguished lawyer and at one time a judge of the Supreme Court of Georgia. Married March 16, 1893, in Galveston, Texas, to Elmina L. Landes. Educated in the com- mon schools of Georgia. Studied law in his father's office and at the University of Vir- ginia. Admitted to the bar of Texas, 1895; United States Supreme Court, October 24, 1899, and to the bar of California, February 28, 1910. Practiced law in Galveston until 1910 as a member of the firm of Davidson, Minor & Hawkins, and later of Davidson, & Hawkins, until Mr. Davidson's election as Attorney-General of Texas in 1903, since which time he has practiced alone. Moved to Los Angeles in 1910, where he continues the practice of law. Agent and attorney of Galveston City Company, 1897 to 191*0 (this company owned and laid out Galveston in 1838). Member of California Club, Ma- sonic order, Scottish Rite, 32°, and Shriner. Democrat. J. W. HAWKINS. Residence, 111.5 Twelfth Street; office. First National Bank Building, Modesto, California. Born at Hollister, California, May 22, 1880. Sou of X. A. and Emma (Chase) Hawkins. Married Ora Stephens, December 2.5, 1905. Educated in the Woodland public and high schools, and the University of Michigan Law School, graduating from the latter institution in June, 1904. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, in San Francisco, in 1904, and formed partnership with father N. A. Hawkins, now Superior Judge of Yolo County. Practiced his profession under the firm name of Haw- kins & Hawkins until March, 1905, when partnership was formed with Hon. W. O. Minor at Modesto, and upon his retirement the firm was dissolved. Continues in the active practice of his profession alone to date. Vice-president of the Modesto Title Abstract Company. Republican. NICHOLAS A. HAWKINS. Residence and office. Woodland. Born in Missouri, May 31, 1856. Son of Nicholas and Margaretta M. (Frazier) Hawkins. Married July 25, 1879, to Emma E. Chase. Moved to California in 1860. Received his early education in the public school at Hol- lister, later taking a course of study at Hol- lister Business College. Attended Gilroy High School, and later entered the Pacific Methodist College at Santa Rosa, graduating in 1877, with degree of A. B.; received addi- tional degree of A. M. in 1880. Entered Al- bany Law School, graduating in 1879, with degree of LL.B. Admitted to practice in District Court of San Benito County in Au- gust, 1878. Admitted to the bar of state of New York, in Supreme Court, on May 26, 1879; California, in Supreme Court, on .Tuly 15, 1879. Served as District Attorney of San Benito County, 1881 and 1883; re-elected and served from 1885 to 1887. Member of legislature from Yolo County, 36th and Extra Session, 1905 and 1906. Elected Superior Judge of Yolo County in 1908, and fills that office to date. Democrat. THOMAS EDWARD HAYDEN. Residence, San Francisco; office, 830-832 Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born in Bleeker, New York, in 1868. Son of Charles C. and Maria (Howells) Hayden. Graduated from Pulaski Academy, New York, in 1885, and from Hamilton College, 348 BIOG RAPniC AL Xew York, in 1S91, receiving the degrees of A. B. ami A. M. Tooli post-graduate course at Stanford University in 1901-3. hav- ing moved to this state in 1900. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco in 1903. and commenced the practice of his pro- fession in partnership under the firm name of Hayden. Alderman & Oakford, which con- tinued until 1907, since which time he has practiced alone. Assistant District Attorney in 1908-9. President of the Board of Educa- tion of San Francisco in 1909. Member of the Iroquois and Commonwealth and Xew Yorkers' clubs and San Francisco Association for the Study and Prevention of Tuberculo- sis. Democrat. DESIDERIUS F. J. HAYEK. Residence, Ho- tel Acacia; oflSce. 6 2 Lankershim Building, Los An- geles. Born in Budapest, Hu n- gary. November 29. 'l^fi7. Son of Francis and Bar- oness Helen Clara (d e H a m r y) Hayek. Arriv e d in California No- vember 31, 1905. Earl y education received in the Gymnasium in Vi- enna, until 1882. After arrival in Los Angeles attended University of Southern California, College of Law, graduating in 1909 with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court. January 19, 1909. Curator and librarian for Agassiz As- sociation, Xew York City, and lecturer on botany and kindred subjects, 1890 to 1894. Member Metropolitan, City and Federation clubs of Los Angeles. Republican. EVERIS ANSON HAYES. Residence, Eden Vale; office, First National Bank Building. San Jose. Born in Waterloo, Wisconsin, March 10, 1855. Son of Anson Everis and Mary (Folsom) Hayes. Married Xellie Louisa Porter in 188-1 (deceased), and Mary Louisa Bassett in 1893. Attended Water- loo Graded School until 1873. when he entered the University of Wisconsin and in 1879 gradu- ated with degree of LL.B. and in 1882 received the degree of B. L. Admitted to the bar at Madison. Wisconsin, June 21, 1879. Commenced the practice of law at Madison, where he con- tinued for three years, then moved to Ash- land, Wisconsin, and practiced there for three years, removing to California in 1887. Admitted in California in 1888. Joint pro- prietor with his brother, J. O. Hayes, of the "San Jose Mercury"' and the "Evening Her- ald." Member of the 59th, 60th, 61st and 62d Congresses of the United States. Repub- lican. JAY ORIiEY HAYES. Residence, Eden Vale; oflSce, First Xational Bank Building, San Jose. Born in Waterloo, .Jefferson County. Wisconsin, October 2, 1857. Son of Anson Everis and Mary (tolsom > Hi'.yes. Moved to California in 1887. Marrieil June 16, 1Sh5, to Clara I. Lyon. Educated in the public schools of Waterloo. Wisconsin, and the Uni- versity of Wisconsin, from which he gradu- ated in ISSO with the degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar at Madison, Wisconsin, September. 1879. Practiced at Madison. Wis- consin, in partnership with his brother, E. A. Hayes, from September, 1879, until May, 1882. when he removed to Ashland. Wiscon- sin and formed a partnership with Col. John H. Knight, his brother joining the firm in 1883. Continued in this partnership until 1886, when he retired from practice to en ^age in iron mining on the Gogebic range in Mich- igan and Wisconsin, and has devoted most of his attention to that business since. Was Alderman of the city of Ironwood. Michigan. Member of flxecutive Committee of Republi- can State Committee of California from 1902 to 1910, being Vice-chairman for four years. Life member of Wisconsin State Historical Society. Member of L'nion League Club of San Francisco. Masonic fraternity. 32°, and L O. O. F. Republican. JOHN E. S. HEATH. Residence. South Pasadena. California; office. 728-730 H. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born Xovember 5, 1871. in Ugde'i, Iowa. Son of Benjamin A. X. and Eui)hemia G. (Shaw) Heath. Married Harriet M. Allen February 26, 1899. Moved to this state in 1902. Attended the State University of Iowa. Admitted to the bar at Des Moin-;s, Iowa. May 15. 1895, and to the bar of Cali- fornia at Los Angeles, October 19. 1904. Re- publican. JAMES CHARLES BACON HEBBARD. Residence, 3124 Washington Street; office, 714 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born April 11. 1854, in Charlestown Village, Province of Quebec, Canada. Son of James Josiah and Charlotte (Bacon) Hebbard. Moveil to Cali- fornia in 1862. Married Gertrude E. Gates. Received his early education by private tui- tion; 1867-69, Xevada City High School; 1869-72. St. Augustine's College. Benicia, California. Admitted to the bar in Sacra- mento, May, 1879; United States Circuit and District Courts, 1884. .lustice of the Peace of San Francisco, 1889-91. Judge of Su- perior Court of San Francisco, 1891-1909. BIOGRAPHICAL 349 Major of National Guard of California and Military Instructor at San Mateo, 1872-79. First Lieutenant Company "B," City Guard, National Guard of California, 1880-81. Cap- tain of Seattle Eifles, Washington Territory, 1883-84. Member of editorial staff of "Se- attle Evening Herald," 1883-84; also of San Francisco Press and Olympic clubs, B. P. O. E. and F. & A. M., fraternities. Republican. J. H. HEINEN. Residence, Van Nuys, California; office, 317 Trust and Savings Building, Los An- geles. Born May 7, 1867, in Water- loo, Iowa. Son of Henry and Anna (BrocK) Heinen. Married Septem- ber 21, 1891, to Eda L. Lane. Re- ceived his educa- tion at Tilford Academy, Vinton, Iowa, from 1888 to 1889. Admitted to the Supreme Court of Iowa, October 4, 1899, and com- menced the practice of his profession in Iowa Falls, Iowa. Admitted to the Supreme Court of Louisiana, May 9, 1904, and practiced in Jennings, as a member of the firm of Heinen & Lucas, from October, 1901, to August, 1906, when the firm was dissolved and he practiced alone until August, 1908. Thereupon he entered into i>artnership with J. 0. Modisette, practic- ing under the firm name of Heinen & Modisette, specializing in corporation, real estate and pro- bate law. Moved to California in 1911 and was admitted to the bar of this state April 22, 1912. United States Commissioner of South- western District of Louisiana, 1906-9; City Attorney of Jennings, Louisiana, 1905-11. Director of the Calcasieu Trust and Savings Bank of Lake Charles, Louisiana, and Vice- president of the First National Bank of Van Nuys, California. Member of Masonic order, Blue Lodge, Chapter, Commandery, Shrine, and B. P. O. E. LYNN HELM. Residence, 2653 Ellendale Place; office, 923 Title Insurance Building, Los Angeles. Born October 29, 1857, in Chicago, Illinois. Sou of Henry T. and Julia F. (Lathrop) Helm. Mar- ried Annie Horlock, April 26, 1887. Attended Lake Forest Academy, class of 1875, and Princeton University, class of 1879, receiving the degrees of A. B. and A. M. Admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1881. Moved to Cali- fornia in 189'6 and was admitted to the bar the same year. United States Circuit and District Court, Southern District of Califor- nia, in 1897; United States Supreme Court, in 1903. Member of the firm of H. T. and L. Helm in Chicago from 1881 to 1896. Referee in Bankruptcy of Los Angeles since 1901. President of the Los Angeles Bar Association in 1909. President of the California Bar Association in 1911. Member of the Execu- tive Committee of the American Bar Associa- tion, 1909-11. Member of the California, University, Los Angeles Country and Los An- geles Athletic clubs. Democrat. E. S. HELLER. Residence, San Francisco; office, Nevada Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, January 2, 1865. Son of Moses and Emily (Vickelsburg) Heller. Married April 26, 1899, to Clara Hellman. Received his early education in the grammar and high schools of San Francisco. Attended the Uni- versity of California, receiving the degree of B. S. in 1885, and Hastings College of Law, graduating in 1889 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1889. Associated with Arthur Rodgers for a num- ber of 3'ears. Formed partnership with Frank H. Powers in June, 1896, under the firm name of Heller & Powers, continuing until 1905, when Sidney M. Ehrman was taken into the firm, which continues under the name of Heller, Powers & Ehrman to date. Member of the Masonic fraternity. Democrat. 350 i; I () (7 1: A r n ic A l CHARLES B. HENDERSON. Rcsidonce, :i7.>:i Vallojo Street; ullit-e, Royal Insurant'e BuiMiiiK. San Francisco. Born June S, 1S73, in 8an Jose, California. Son of Jefferson ami Sarah W. Henderson. Married April S. 1901, to Ethel Smith. Edu- (•ate('rni<'e ( '. and (Wood) Married 1!)1(), to A. Knoll. Gloved to Califor- nia in 1894, re- ceiving his educa- tion in the Rialto IMildir schools, and S a n Bernardino High School. Kn- tered Stanford University, from which he graduated in 19(18, with degree of A. B. Admitted to jiractice at the bar of California, July 21, 1908. in the Second Appellate Dis- trict Court. Commenced the jiractice of his juofession alone. On February 1, 19(i9, en- tered into partnership with Frank T. Bates, under firm name of Bates & Hodge, which continues to date. In June, 19u9, entered District Attorney's ofliice as second deputy, l)eing api^ointed Chief Deputy in Januar\', 1911. Member of the B. P. O." K. and Delta • hi fraternities. Kei)ul)lican. BEVERLY L. HODGHEAD. Residence, 17 lo Euclid Avenue, Berkeley; oflice, Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born near Lexington, Virginia, March 21, 1S(5.3. Son of Rev. Alexander Lewis and Mary Klizabeth (Moore) Hodghead. Moved to California in 18S1. ^Married Xellie M. Eckles, June 5, lS9-^. Attended the Uni- versity of California, and in 1891 graduated fr&m Hastings College of Law. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California, June, 1891; Supreme Court of the United States, October, 1894. Democrat. LUDWIG MATHIAS HOEFLER. Residence, 13U Haight Street; office, Cali- fornia Pacific Building, San Francisco. Born in Adrian, Lenawee County. Michigan, August 18, 1858. Son of John Philip and Mary Eliza- beth (Hoffman) Hoefler. Moved to California in 1878. Married December 2o, 1889, to Emma .M . Altcinus. b'ec{'i\t'd his early edu- c.ition at Adri.'in. ami later graduated from the Hastings (oll.'gc of Law in 1882. Ad- mitted to the bar at San Francisco, California, May, 1SS2. Associated with ami practiced respectively under the firm names of Garber, Thornton & Bishoj), (Jarber & Bishop, Oarber, Boalt & Bishop, Bishop & Wheeler, Bishop, Wheeler & Hoefler, and Bishop, Hoefler, Cook ic HarwoDil, the latter firm i-ontinuing to date. BIOGRAPHICAL 355 JAMES P. HOGAN. Eesideuce, 70S West 9th Street; office, 408 Hernie Building, Los An- geles. Born May 21. 1884, in Pnehlo, Colorado. ISon of George H. and Mary A. (Mc- C a b e) H g a u. Moved to this state, September, 1884. Educated in St. Mary's Col- 1 e g e, at St. Marys, Kansas, and St. Vincent's College, at Los A n g e 1 es, from which he received the degree of B. S. in 1904, and the degree of M. S. in 1905. Graduated from the University of Southern California in 1907. Admitted to the bar of California at Los Angeles, July 15, 1907. Practices his pro- fession alone in Los Angeles to date. Mem- ber of the Young Men's Institute, Knights of Columbus lodge, and Los Angeles Bar Asso- ciation. Eepublican. CHARLES HENRY HOGG. Eesideuce, Sau Francisco; office, 920 Phelan Building, San Francisco. Born December 30, 1869, in Booneville, Kentucky. Son of Henry C. and Martha (Marion) Hogg. Married Jan- San .lose, and graduated from Stanford Uni- versity, receiving the degree of B. A. in 1893. During 1893-94 studied at Harvard Univer- sity, and graduated from the University of Michigan in 1895, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in August, 1895, and commenced the active practice of his profession in San Jose, continuing in that city until 1903, when he removed to San Francisco and continues in the active practice to date. Appointed Assistant District Attor- ney of Santa Clara County in 1898. MemVjor of the Masonic and B. P. O. E. fraternities. Eepublican. EDWARD HOHFELD. Eesidenc(\ Alamed; ing, San Francisco. ; ofilice. Crocker Build- Born May 9, 1875, in Oakland, California. Son of Edward and Eosa (Hillebrand) Hohfeld. Attended the University of California and graduated there- from with the degree of A. B. in 1898, and uary 15, 1911, to Genevieve Haigh. Eeceived his early education in the public schools of Kentucky, and moved to this state in 1884. Attended the University of the Pacific at from the Harvard Law School in 1907 with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1907 and commenced the prac- tice of his profession in association with Mastick & Partridge, continuing until 1909, when he became associated with the firm of Morrison, Dunne & Brobeck, and is a partner in that firm to date. ^Member of the Harvard Club. GEORGE W. HOLLISTER. Eesideuce, 1922 Broadway, Alameda; office, Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born October 16, 1865, in Waupun, Wisconsin. Son of Levi J. and Lj^dia M. (Dodge) Hol- lister. Married December, 1887, to Maud Doty. Moved to California in 1894. Ee- ceived his education in the public schools of Wisconsin and Kansas. Studied law with Hon. B. F. Bonhani and Hon. W. H. Holmes. Admitted to the bar of Oregon, October, 356 B I (t a i: A I' II I C AL 1S92, auil after praeticiujj for a short period iu Salem moved to San Francisco, entering into jiartnership with A. E. Yerex. Practices his i>rofession alone to date. Member of Masonic fraternity. Ke|nil>lican. CHRISTOPHER FRANKLIN HOLLAND. l:,.M.|.'n.-.'. 12:?9 l)clav.;irc Driv-"; office. 2U7 Bullard lilock. Los An- geles. Born Octo- l.or !'. lS(il, in T.orrion County. ^Michigan. Son of Henry R. and lictsy (Stoughton) Holland. Moved to California iu ^^^it. M a r r ied Aj.ril 1, 1S9.J, to 1^ o u ise Deleval. Kilucated in the jiuldic schools ot Michigan. Grad- uateil from Hast- ings College of Law in IsSO with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California. lH>iG, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the practice of law in San Diego in 1888. Formed jiartnership with Judge John R. Aitken unartnership was dissolved in 1890. Moved to Cripple Creek, Colorado, where he remained one year, when he located in Los Angeles and formed partnership with E. E. Powers, under the firm name of Powers ar of California jn July, 1908. and for three years was associated in the legal department of the Southern Rail- way, at Washington. D. C. Returned to Los Angeles in November. 1911, and since that date has been in active practice of his pro- fession alone. Admitted to the United States Supreme Court, October 9, 1911, at Washing- BIOGFAPHICAL 359 ton, D. C, ami to the United States Com- merce Court, October 2, 1911, in the same city. Republican. GEORGE RAY HORTON. Residence, 7 5 4 V a lencia Street ; office, 24.5 Douglas Building, Los An- geles. Born in M a rengo, Iowa County, Iowa, De- cember 14, 187.5. Son of John Mil- ton and Kate Ann (Morse) H o r ton. Moved to Cali- f o r n i a, April 5, 18 8 5. Ma rried June 5, 1902, to Jessie Balch o f Los Angeles. Re- ceived his early education in the grammar schools of Ontario, California, and later took the preparatory course at Clareniont, California. Graduated from Pomona Col- lege in 1898 with degree of A. B, and from the University of Southern California, College of Law, in 1908. Began the study of law in the office of former United States Senator Flint, Los Angeles. After admission to the bar of California, July, 19€6, became associated with the law firm of Flint, Gray & Barker. Entered into partnership with Robert P. Jennings in June 1907, which partnership continues to date, under firm name of Jennings & Horton. From IS'99 to 1906 engaged in editorial work on Los Angeles daily newspapers. Minute Clerk of Senate, California Legislature, Ses- S"ion of 1907 and part of 1909. Deputy Dis- trict Attorney for Los Angeles County, 1907- 10. First Assistant United States Attorney for the Southern District of California, 1910- 11. Since February, 1911, to date. Chief Trial Deputy District Attorney for Los An- geles County (assisting in the McNamara murder cases). Member of the University and Metropolitan clubs, Los Angeles Cham- ber of Commerce, Los Angeles Coainty Bar Assoiciation, Thirty-second Degree Mason, Shriner, Knights of Pythias, D. O. K. K., Woodmen of the World, and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. President of Castaline Com- pany, which manufactures a type-casting ma- chine, of which Mr. Horton is part inven- tor. Republican. RUFUS WILLIAM LANDON HORTON. Residence, 163.3 West 2oth Street; office, 210 Henne Building, Los Angeles. Born Sep- tember 2, 1861, in Niles, Michigan. Son of Richmond Barney and Anna Mary (Smith) Horton. Moved ^to California May 1, 1887. Married Mildred Kurtz. Julv 15, 1896. Edu- cated in the common schools and high school of Wauseon, Ohio, and afterward in Dallas College, Dallas, Texas, where he commenced the reading of law and finished in the office of Judge Lucien Shaw, now of the Supreme Court of California. Admitted to the bar at Los Angeles, California, April 2, 1889, and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Prac- tices his profession alone in Los Angeles to date. Member of the School Board of the city of Los Angeles, 1899; Los Angeles Bar Association, California, City and University clubs, and of the Masonic fraternity. Au- thority on real estate and lien laws. Joint author of mechanic's lien law of 1911. Re- publican. LOUIS HORWITZ. Residence, 1100 Jackson Street; office, 933 Pacific Building, San Francisco. Born in London, England, in 1860. Son of Heinrich Horwitz. Married in 1890 to Emily Bevar. Received his early education in private schools in London, England, and graduated in 1879 at London University. Moved to California in 1909, and admitted to the bar of this state in February, 1910. Member of the San Francisco Bar Association. EDWARD TOMPKINS HOUGHTON. Residence, Berkeley; office 1305 Merchants Excliange Building, San Francisco. Born in Oakland, California, February 26, 1871. Son of R. E. and Almeda (Ketcham) Hough- ton. Married April 3, 1900, to Clarisse de S. Sheldon. Attended the Clement Gram- mar and Boys' High School of San Francisco, Boone's Academy, Berkeley, and the Uni- versity of California, from which he received 360 /;/ (> a i: i /'// 1 c a l the degree of A. B. in 1893, aii.l Harvanl I'liiversity, ret-eiving the degree uf A. B. in 1S94. Admitted to tlie l»ar of C'alifurnia at San Franeisi-o, May "J, 1S9(). Associated with liis father. R. E. Houghton, from the date of liis aditiission until h\'l>rn:nv. lsit9. when he became a member of the firm of Houghton & Hougiiton, vvliicli continues to date. Member (.f the Bohemian, Harvard, and Merchants Ex- change cluhs and City <'lub of Berkeley. Dem- ocrat. ROSCOE EUGENE HOUGHTON. Residence, Hotel Stewart; office, 1305 Merchants Exchange Building, San Francisco. Born April 20, lS4n, in Lincoln, Maine. Son of George Washington and Nancy (Bradbury) Hougiiton. Moved to California in ISGti. Married in 1.S70 to Meda Ketcliam. Edu- cated in the common and liigh schools of Massachusetts. Read law in the office of Barstow & Tomi>kins from 18(5(5 to 1868, when he was admitted to the bar of California. Practiced alone from 1S(5S to 1899, when he formed partnership with his son, E. T. Hough- ton, under the firm name of Houghton & Houghton, which partnership continues to ilate. Member of Second Massachusetts In- fantry, during Civil War. Member of Unitar- ian and San Francisco Commercial clubs, and Crand Army of the Kepubiic. Reiiublican. FREDERICK WILHELM HOUSER. Kosiilcncc, lul2 North (iarlield Avenue, Al- haiiibra; office. Courthouse, Los Angeles. Born in Johnson, .Jones County, Iowa, April 1.5, 1871. Son of Justus C. and Martha (Rodman) Houser. Moved to California April 2U, 1S86. Married Sara I. Wilde, Janu- ary 1, 1903. Educated in the grammar and high schools of Los Angeles. Graduated from the University of Southern California, College of Law, with the degree of LL. B., in 1900. Admitted to the bar of California in 1897 and to the United States Circuit and District Courts shortly after. Member of the firm of Houser & Wilson from 1901 to 1908; Morton, Houser & Jones, 1903 to 1904; Mor- ton & Houser, 1904 to 1907. Member of the California State Assembly, Sessions of 1903 and 1905. Elected Judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County-, 190(5, continu- ing to date. Member of the Masonic order and Jonathan Club. Instructor "Private Corporations" in University of Southern California, College of Law. Republican. ROBERT L. HUBBARD. Residence and office, Los Angeles. Born in St. Joseph, Missouri, Sejitember 27, 1862. Son of Robert G. and Mary A. (Dennelaback) Hubbard. Married September 19, 1898, to Cora V. Donlin. Educated in the common and public schools of his native state. Ad- mitted to the bar of ('olorado in Denver, Sep- tember 3, 1895. Commenced the active prac- tice of his profession in Denver, antl moved to Colorado Springs in 1897. ("ounty Judge of El Paso County, Colorado, 19iil. Prac- ticed in Nevada from 19ti7 to December, 1910, Moved to Los Angeles December, 191(1, and continued the active ])ractice of his jirofes- sion. Member of the Masonic fraternity and B. P. (). v.. Democrat. ROY GAGE HUDSON. Residence, 421(5 Terrace Street, Oakland: office, Balboa Buil.ling, San Francisco. Born in Milton, Wisconsin, March 21, 1877. Son of Lisle and AUie E. (Moon) Hudson. Moved BIOGRAPHICAL 361 to this state in 1898. Married Ivy M. Clymo, December 15, 1902. Graduate of the high school of Mankato, Minnesota, in 1896, and the State Normal of Mankato, Minnesota, in 1897. Entered the Hastings College of Law, graduating from there in May, 1901, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar in San Francisco, May, 1901. Practiced in San Francisco from 1901-5; Alaska from 1905-6, in charge of W. H. Metson's office in Nome, Alaska. Eesumed the practice of law in San Francisco in 1907, and continues to date in association with Metson, Drew & Mackenzie. Professor of Medical Jurisprir- deuce in College of Physicians and Surgeons in San Francisco. Member of Alpha Delta Sigma fraternity. Eepublican. RODNEY J. HUDSON. Residence and office, Bakersfield. Born Februai-y 20, 1857, in Napa County. Son of I), and Frances (Griffith) Hudson. Married in 1884 to Panthea B. Boggs. Educated in the public schools of California and the Uni- versity of Michigan. Graduated from Cum- berland University in 1880 with degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1880. Engaged in the practice of law in Bakersfield to date, in partnership with E. J. Emmons, under the firm name of Emmons & Hudson. District Attorney of Los An- geles, 1880-82. Superior Judge of Lake County, 1883-94. Democrat. WILLIAM GEORGE HUDSON. Eesiidence, Monterey; office, Rowe Building, Monterey. Born in Pajaro, Monterey County, California, .June 27, 1877. Son of William G. and Luella D. (Kittredge) Hudson. Married February 24, 1906, to Virginia Zabala. Edu- cated in the public schools of California and Stanford University, from which he gradu- ated in 1901, receiving the degree of A.B. Admitted to the bar of California in De- cember, 1901. Began the practice of law in Watsonville in January, 1902, moving to Sali- nas in 1903. Appointed Assistant District Attorney of Monterey County in 1903, serv- ing until 1907. Moved to Monterey in 1907 and formed partnership of Treat, Hudson & Martin, which continues to date. Member of the N. S. G. W. and B. P. O. E. fraternities. Republican. ARTHUR J. HUGHES. Residence, 1020 Kensington Road; office, 407 International Bank Building, Los An- geles. Born May 11, 1882, in Barneveld, Wisconsin. Son of John W. and Mary (Roach) Hughes. Married February 22, 19li, to Osa Copeland. Received his early educa- tion in the public and high schools of Wis- consin. Graduated from the University of Georgetown (Law Department) in 1907, with degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Wisconsin, July, 1907. In 1909 moved to Los Angeles and was admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia. Continues to practice in that city to date. Member of Masonic fraternity. Re- publican. E. HUFFAKER. Residence, 4100 P e n n i man A v- e n u e; office 2 6 2 Bacon Building, Oakland. Born in Wayne County, K e ntucky, Janu- ary 14, 1862. Son of He n r y Clay and Margaret Ann (Shearer) Huffaker. Moved t California i n 18 8 3. Married Jennie Bean O c- t o b e r 2, 18 9 5. Graduated f r o m the M o n tieello High School i n 1888; K. W. C. College, Kentucky, in 1892, and from Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, in 189i5. Studied law under pri- vate tutors, among whom was the late Henry E. Highton, and later attended Hastings Col- lege of Law for two years. Received the degrees of A.B., A.M. and B.D. Admitted to the bar of California in San Pranciseo in 1902. Has been engaged in the practice of his profession alone to date. Republican. CHARLES FRANKLIN HUMPHREY. Residence, .".569 Washington Street; office, 708 Metropolis Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in Belleville, Kansas, November 23, 1871. Son of James Cobbin and Anna Sophia (Counter) Humphrey. Married January 16, 1900, to Elizabeth Warren. Attended Belle- ville High School, graduating in June, 1889: Kansas State University for three years, and the Kansas State University, Law School, receiving the degree of LL. B. in 1894. Ad- mitted to the bar at Lawrence, Kansas, in June, 1894. Member of the Bohemian, Union League and Olympic clubs. Knights Templar and Masonic fraternity. Republican. WILLIAM PENN HUMPHREYS. Residence, 3540 Washington Street; office, 339 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born September 11, 1871, in San Francisco, Cali- fornia. Son of William Penn and Mary (Stincen) Humphreys. Married February 22, 1905, to Paula Ze'ile Wolflf. Attended tho Spring Valley Grammar School and Urban Academy, and in 1892 graduated from the University of California, receiving the degree of Ph. B.; in 1893 from Harvard College, 362 H I O G R A r II 1 C A L with the degree of A. B.. ami in 1S96 from Ilastinjjs College of Law, receiviug the de- gree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar. at San Francisco, in May, H9rt. Member of the firm bar of Illinois, March, IJMU. Commenceanish-American War, Masonic order (Blue Lodge and Chapter), Spanish-American War Veterans, Union League and Los Angeles Athletic clubs, and Los Angeles Bar Associa- tion. Republic.-in. Specializes in real prop- erty and corporatiiin law. REUBEN GAY HUNT. Kesidence. ;'.()!' loth Avenue; office, 342 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born May 15, 1881, in San Francisco. Son of Aaron Bas- com and Alice Caroline (Pickle) Hunt. Mar- ried Terese Agnes Raphael, July 16, 1908. Graduated from the University of California, with the degree of B. L., in 1902, and the University of Michigan in 1906, receiving the degree of B. L. Admitted to the state of Michigan, at Ann Arbor, June 14, 1906, and to the state of California, at San Francisco, November 26, of the same year. Practicing alone since February, 1909. Member of the Union League Cjnb. b'ciinldicau. BIOGRAPHIC A L 363 GLEN E. HUNTSBERGER. Eesideuce, 168 Kingslej- Drive; office, 61-i Story Building, Los Angeles. Born January 23, 1882, in Lyons, Nebraska. Son of George E. and Sarah Ann (Kessler) Huntsberger. Moved to this state in 1900. Married Sep- tember 5, 1910, to Lorraine Stanford. Grad- uated from the High School at Lyons, Nebraska, June, 1899. Attended Preparatory School of Bellevue College, Bellevue, Ne- braska, for one year; Occidental College, and Stanford University, graduating in 1905 with the degree of A. B., and from the Harvard Law School, June, 1910, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California at Los Angeles, January, 1911. Eei^ublican. GEORGE STROTHER HUPP. Residence, 14-5 South Grand A v- enue; office, Union Oil Building, Los Angeles. Born December 13, 18 7 3, in Nevada C i t y, California. Son of George S t !■ o t h e r and R a c li e 1 (Cross) Hupp. Graduated from the Los An- geles High School. Studied law in the offices of Judge W . W . Cross f Visalia. Admitted to t h e bar of California in October, 1894, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Specializes in constitutional law. Member of Masonic or- der, L O. O. F., N. S. G. W., Los Angeles Bar Association and Los Angeles Athletic Club. Democrat. ARTHUR CURTIS HURT. Residence, 1344 .5th Avenue; of- fice, 704 Mer- chants Trust Building, Los An- gel e s. Born in Elkin, Nonth Car- olina, August 1 0, 187 9. Son of John Carter and Miaimda (Koontz; Hurt. Ma rried Maud Poyas A u- gust 10, 190 8. Came to Califor- nia in June, 1906. From 1885 to 1897 attended the public schools o f Elkin Township, North Carolina; 189^ 1899 attended the Yodkin Valley Institute at Boonville, North Carolina; 1899 to 1901 at- tended the Peabody College, Nashville, Ten- nessee; 1901 to 1903, University of Nashville, where he received the degree of A.B; 1904 and 1905 attended summer sessions of University of Chicago. Entered Law Department of the University of Southern California in the sum- mer of 1906 and continued to the spring of 1907. Read law in the offices of Q. T. More- land, Fort Worth, Texas, and Benjamin E. Page of Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California January 21, 1907, when he became associated with the firm of Patton & Page; later with Benjamin E. Page. Since 1910 has been member of the firm of Chamberlain & Page. Professor of Latin at the Polytechnic College, Fort Worth, Texas, 1903 to 1905. Pro- fessor of History and Political Economy in the same institution, 1905 to 1906. Member of Knights of Pythias. Democrat. ARTHUR C. HUTSON. Residence and office, Woodland, California. Born November 16, 1871, at Knights Landing, California. Son of W. S. and Sarah (Lauge- nour) Huston. Married September 2, 1896, to Elizabeth Browning. Educated in the public schools of his native state, and in Hes- perian College, at Woodland. Admitted to practice at the bar of California by the Supreme Court, January 16, 1895. Com- menced the active practice of his profession in Woodland, immediately upon admission, and engages in a general practice in that city to date. Democrat. HARRY LYLE HUSTON. to Residence and office. Woodland. Born Au- gust 18, 1879, in Woodland, California. Son of Walter S. and Sarah (Laugenour) Huston. 3«)4 ij I o a i: A I' Ji 1 c AL Marrien ailmission, and continues to date. District Attunioy of Yolo County from 1904 until 190(1. Member of tlio Masonic and X. S. G. W. fraternities, Denutcrat. AURELIUS WINFIELD HUTTON. U'esidence, 1704 Ocean Avenue, Santa M o n i c a; ofH c e, T e ni p 1 e lilock, Los Ange- les. Born ,Tuly 23, 1S47, in Hopewell P. O., Greene County, Alabama. Son of Aquila D. and E 1 i z abeth Hannah (Tutt) H u tton. Moved to California Feb- V u a r y 1.5, 1869. Married to Kate Irene Travis, Feb- r u a r y 2 4, 1874. Received his edu- cation in tiie common schools of Greene County. Alabama, 18.j4-o7, and Gainesville. Sumter County, Alabama, 1857-63. Cadet at I'niversity of Alabama. 1863-65. Began tlie study of law in the ollice of Blis.s & Snedecor at Gainesville, Alabama, January, 1866, to September, 1S67. Attended the ITniversity of A'irginia. Law l)ej)artment, 1867-68, graduat- ing with the degree of B.L. Admitted to the l)ar by Supreme Court of Alabama, Janu- ary, 1S()9, and to the Supreme Court of Cali- fornia, .lanuarv 17, 1870; United States Dis- trict and Circuit Coairts, March 27, 1878, and United States Supreme Court at Washington. D. C, March, 1903. Entered into i)artner- ship with Henry M. Smith, and in 1884 W. H. Clark joined the finn, which association was dissolved when H. M. Smith w-as ap ]>ointed to superior bench of Los Angeles County. All the members of the firm even- tually became .judges of the Sujjerior Court. After retirement from the bench he formed ]>artnership with Olin Wellborn, which ex isted until the latter was aj)pointed as United States District Judge of Southern District, of California. In 1903 his nephew, Gesner Williams, was taken into ])artnershi|) and is now associatearticipated in the Civil War, 1863- 65. City Attorney of Los Angeles, Califor nia, two terms December, 1872, to December. 1876. Snperior Court Judge of Los Angeles County, February, 1M.S7, to January, iMSVt. In 1.SS9 was a|>pointed by court United States Attorney, pro tem., for Southern District of California, and served for a period of six months. Appointed in 1S9(! as special coun- sel for United States in the Ltata cases, wliicli grew out of the difficulties in Chili. Member of the T. O. O. F. fraternity since Sep- tember, 1871; United Confederate Veterans .\ssociation of Los Angeles, and two terms Major-General of Pacific Division of United Confederate Veterans. Member of Los An- geles Bar Association and President of the Alabama Society of Los Angeles for four years. Democrat. GEORGE HOWARD HUTTON. Kesidence, 927 North 2d Street, Santa Mon- ica; office. Courthouse, Los Angeles. Born August 5, 1870, in Drummond, Canada. Son of Joseph Andrew and Harriet Ann (Bridge- man) Hutton. Moved to California in 1897. Married to Dolores Egleston, September 22, ISOT. Attended Hamline University, St. i'aiil. Minnesota, from 1S89 to 1893, and the I'niversity of Minnesota, Law Department, 1892-94. Admitted to the Supreme Court of Minnesota, .\pril, 1895. Assistant Attorney for the Minneapolis and St. Louis Railroad until his removal to this state. Located in Santa Monica. Elected .judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County in 1906 for a term of six years. Elected jjresiding judge of said court. May 1, 1911. Member of the Masonic ami Knights of Pythias fraternities. K'epublicaii. FRANK SUTHERLAND HUTTON. Hesideiice, :!Sl(i Oakwood A\(Miue; office. Coulter I'.uibiiiig. Los Angeles. Born Febru- BIOGRAPHICAL 365 ary 4, 1882, at Las Vegas, New Mexico. Son of Hamilton and Nellie (Kelby) Hutton. Married Seistember 26, 1907, to Elizabeth Grace Pirtle. Moved to California in April. 1883, and received his education in the public schools of Los Angeles and the University of Southern California, Law Department, gradu- ating therefrom in 1904 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California m Ajjril, 1904, and to the District and Circuit Courts of United States, February 20, 1907. Formed jiartnership with D. A. Schweitzer iu December, 1905, which continues to date. Member of the Union League and City clubs and of the Los Angeles Bar Association. Re- publican. WINSLOW PAIGE HYATT. Eesidence, 60S E. Eilgeware Road; office, 209 W. P. Story Building, Los Angeles. Born March 6, 1860, in Ashland, Greene County, New York. Son of Nelson Fanning and Mary (Briggs) Hyatt. Moved to California in No- vemlaer 24, 1886. Married Marie Antoinette Palmateer, April 30, 1884. Attended public and high school at Mattewan, New York, until 1878. Read law in the office of .J. Hervey Cook, at Fishkill-on-Hudson for two years, from 1878 to 1880. Attended Albany Law School, Albany, New York; Law Department of Union University, May, 1880, graduating May 27, 1881, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of New York in Albany, May 28, 1881. Practiced law in Port Jervi's, Orange County, New York, for five years. Moved to California in 1886 and was ad- mitted to the bar of California in that year. Practiced law in Pasadena, California, from 1886 to 1890, since which date he has con- tinued the iiractice of his profession in Los Angeles. Deputy District Attorney of Los Angeles County, 1888-89. Eleven ' years in the National Guard of California. Member of Veteran N. G. C. Association, City and Metropolitan clubs. Chamber of Commerce, I. O. O. F., Knights of Pythias and Fraternal Order of Eagles. Eeiiublican. SIDNEY SAMUEL HYTER. Residence, 1241 Lake Street; office, 711- 71.5 American Bank Building, Los Angeles. Born July 10, 1886, in Wever, Iowa. Son of Horace E. and Vesta Alice (Williard) Hyter. Educated in the public schools of Wever, Iowa, and High School of Ft. Madison, Iowa. Graduated from the University of Iowa, with the degree of A. B., in 1909, when he moved to California. Graduated from the Univer- sity of Southern California, College of Law, with the degree of LL. B., in 1911. Admitted to the bar of California, June, 1911, and later to' the United States and District Courts oi' Southern California. Associated to date with .ludge Leon F. Moss, in Los Angeles. Mem- ber of the University Club. Republican. RICHARD INGALESE. Residence, 612 South Burlington Avenue; office, 830 H. W. Hell- man Building, Los Angeles. Born in Savannah, Geor- gia, April 15, 18i63. Son of W il 1 i a m an d Siusan (Prender- gast) Wade. Mar- ried November 11, 18 9 6, to Mrs. Isabella Robins. Moved to Califor- nia in 1904. Eiarly education in the public schools at Savannah. Graduate from Ury House, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1878; from St. Paul's School, Garden' City, L. L, 1880; from University of Virginia with degree of B. A., 1883; Columbia College Law School, New York, with degree of LL.B., 1885. Ad- mitted to the bar of Georgia, 1885; Nebraska State and United States Courts, 1886; Illinois, 1889, and United States Courts in that state, 1891; California, 1904. County judge of Douglas County, Nebraska, 1887-89. For three years, 1889-91, associated in i^artnership at Chicago with James E. Kelly, under firm name of Ingalese & Kelly, specializing in mining law. Member of University, Union League and Knickerbocker clubs of Los An- geles (Vice-president of latter, 1911-12), and 32° Mason. Author of "History and Power of Mind" (1902), "Cosmogony and Evolution" (1904). Republican. 366 /; / () a i: A r II ic A L WILLIAM G. IRVING. Kesidence and office, Riverside. Born May 16, 1870. in Kingston, Canada. Son of Will- iam and Kliza ((Jago) Irving. Moved to California in ISSS. Kducated in the publu' schools of Canada. Crraduated from Univer- sitv of Queens College. Kingstoii, C.mada, in 1894, with degree of B.A. Studied law in offi- ces of Purington & Adair, Riverside California. Admitted to the bar of California, October, 189(5, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. In 1910 formed jiartnership with C. L. McFar- land. under firm name of McFarland & Irving, which continues to the present time. Referee in Bankruptcy of Riverside County for four vears. City Attorney of Riverside since July, 1911. For three years member of 14th Bat., Princess of Wales Own Rifles. Democrat. JAMES L. IRWIN. Residence, I'nioii League Club; office, 7U6- 707 Equitable Savings Bank Building, Los Angeles. Born in Mt. Clemens, Michigan, November 16, 1884. Son of dohn and Ellen (Devaney) Irwin. Moved to this state Sep- tember 1.5, 191)6. Graduated from the Mt. Clemens High School in .Tune, 1902, and from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, in Jnne, 19n.'5, receiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Michigan, June 20, 1905, and to the bar of California November 5, 1906. Since his admission has practiced law in association with Jo«e])h Scott. Mem- ber of the Knights of Columbus, B. P. O. E., Union League, and Hibernian Celtic clubs. Rejinblican. J. L. C. IRWIN. Residence and office, Hanford. Born February 19, 1S71, in Johnson County, Nebraska. Son of Isauc and Jane (Leather man) Irwin. Moved to Califor- n i a, D e cemlier, 1894. Married February 2^^, l.ti)2, to Elizabeth .lobes. Educated i n the public schools of Ne- braska. Studied law in office of brother, Rowen Irwin, Hanford. Admitted to the bar of California in 1899, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Practiced law in partnership with brother, Rowen Irwin, in Hanford, until 1903, since which date he is engaged in the ])ractice alone. City Attorney of Hanford, 1908 to 1909. Elected District Attorney of Kings County in 1906. Reelected in 1910. IMember of K. of P., I. D. E. S., Modern Wooilmen and Redmen fraternities, and Kings County Bar Association. Democrat. DAVID A. JACOBS. Residence, 618 South Grand Ave- nue; office, 127 South Broadway, IjOs Angeles. Born in Bolivar County, Missis- sippi, November 2;{. 1882. Son of George R. a n d A n n i e (Clark) Jacobs. Moved to this state in 1907. Attended the University of Missouri fro ni 1899 to 1901, re- ceiving the de- gree of B. S., and degree of LL.B. from University of Mississippi in 1906. Admitted to the bar at Los Angeles, March 4, 1907, since which date he has prac- ticed alone. Member of the A. O. U. W., Knights of Sierras and San Gabriel Valley Country and City Clubs. In 1908 member of Central Cnmmittec of the DiMiiocr.-itic League. Democrat. HENRY A. JACOBS. Residence, 2S:^.l Clay Street; office, 401-40.5 >roiiadn()ck BuihVmg. San Francisco. Born BIOGRAPHICAL 367 in California, October 4, 1874. Married June 7, 1905, to Paula Weil. Received his educa- tion in the grammar and high schools and the University of California. Admitted to the bar of California, May, 1908, and imme- diately commenced the active practice of his profession and continues to date. Member of the Union League and Commonwealth clubs, Masonic and N. S. G. W. fraternities, Commercial Law League of America, and San Francisco Bar Association. Republican. HOWARD SCOTT JACOBS. Residence and office, Hanford. Born in Visalia, California, November 2, 1875. Son of Justin and Anna Mary (Lowber) Jacobs. Married April 30, 1901, 'to Mary Elizabeth Manning. Attended the public schools of San Francisco and Lemoore, California, and High School in San Jose, graduating from Hastings College of Law, with the degree of LL.B., May 17, 1899. Admitted to the bar of California, May 19, 1899, by the Supreme Court. Commenced the practice of law in Hanford, California, and continues alone to the present time. District Attorney of Kings County, California, from 1903 to 1907. City Attorney of Hanford for four years. Member of Kings County Bar Association, L O. O. F., K S. G. W., and W. 0. W. fraternities. Re- publican. WILLIAM ROGERS JACOBS. Residence, corner Washington and Oak Streets; office, 1018 Trust and Savings Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born in Yolo County, Cali- fornia, June 6, 1858. Son of Isaac William and Almira Elizabeth (Martin) Jacobs. Mar- ried in 1886 to Sadie E. Kelley. Attended public school in Yolo County, and graduated from the Hesperian College at Woodland, Yolo County, with the degree of B. S., in 1880. Entered Hastings College of Law and graduated therefrom in 1884. Admitted to the bar of California in May, 1884, and later to the United States District Court. Began practice of law in Tulare County in 1885, con- tinuing there until 1890, when he moved to Fresno and practiced there until 1892, then removing to Stockton, where he practiced un- til 1910, in partnership with C. L. Flack, un- der the firm name of Jacobs & Flack. Re- moved to Los Angeles, where he continues in the practice of his profession alone to date. District Attorney of Tulare County from 1889 to 1891. Democrat. GRANT JACKSON. Office, 918 Security Building, Los Angeles. Born in Petaluma, California, June 13, 1869. Son of William and Mary C. (Francis) Jack- son. Attended the common schools of Lom- poc and Santa Barbara, California. Studied law in the office of W. C. Stratton at Santa Barbara. Admitted to the bar of California, October 11, 1891. Practiced law in Santa Barbara until 1902, when he moved to Los Angeles, and continues in the active practice of his profession to date. Member of the Union League and Gamut clubs. Republican. CHARLES LEWIS JAMES. Residence, 580 52d Street, Oakland; office, 1007-1011 Call Building, San Francisco. Born December 17, 1882, in Lampton County, Ontario, Canada. Son of William and Sophia (Whitelaw) James. Married Decem- ber 17, 1908, to Claire A. Tewsley. Moved to 368 /; / (> (; i: A V 11 I (' A L California in .Tune. 1900. Reeeivea his edu- cation in public schools of Ontario and Manitoba, gra.luatinjr from the Alameda Business foHejre in \m-l. Admitted to the bar in San Francisco. April (5. ll'OtJ. Asso- ciated with .Ichn W. Bourdette and Co). E. F. Preston, anil subsequently with Bourdette \- Bacon. Now associated with .John W. Bourdette. Republican. FRANK JAMES. othee, Born Residence, ^l(^<) Pasadena Avenue; .529 Douglas Building. Los Angeles. March 16, 1S63. in Fulton, Schoharie County, New York. Son of Thomas Henry and Eliza- beth (Noxon) .Tames. Married February 16, 1SS6. to Harriet Bouck. Educated the common schools an.L Schoharie Academy, New York. Was admitted to the bar of New York May 7, 1886. Moved to California in No- vember, 18S8. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia. October 14, 1890. In .January, 1912, organized the firm of .James, Smith & Mc- Carthy, of Los Angeles, which continues to date. * Member of California Assembly, 1900-1. Author of "Liens of Mechanics." Member of < hamber of Commerce and .Jona- than and 7. Educated in the jmblii" and high schools of Evanston, Il- linois; private school in Berlin. Germany, and New Preston, Connecticut, and in 1902 received the degree of LL.B. from the Yale Law School ami the degree of LL. M. in the following year. Admitted to the bar of Il- linois in 1906. Attorney for International Harvester Company, 1904-6. Admitted to the bar of California in 1907. Member of the firm of Craig. Wood & Jones, Pasadena, in 1907. Practiced alone in Los Angeles 190S-12. Formed j>artnership with .Tames S. Bennett in February, 1912, under the firm name of Jones & Bennett. Member of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, the Overland. Annandale Country and Midwick Country clubs of Pasadena, the University and Athletic clubs of Los An- geles, and the Graduates' Club of Xew Haven. Connecticut. Republican. HOWEL JONES. Residence, :w>i West ll'th Street; oflSee, 410 Byrne Building, Los Angeles. Born in the Rocky Mountains, on the old California emi- grant trial, March 8th, 1868. Son of Riey I), (a California forty-niner; and Ann (Howells) Jones. Married to Malvine Chris- tensen. May 2ii, 1>S99 (deceased). Received his education at the Michigan University and Boston University. Admitted to aii courts having jurisdiction in the state of California, and to the Sujireme Court and all courts of law and ecpiity in Michigan, .Tune 3, 1899, and to the Supreme Court of the Ter- ritory of Utah on the .5th day of October, 1S99; to the Circuit Court of the United States for Massachusetts District. December !.■). 1891; to the United States ( ourt of <"laims, January 2.j, 1>s92, and to the United States Supreme Court. December 2raetice of his profession he has been associated with the following firms: .Tones & Avery, Morgan- ton, X. C.; Cocke & .Tones, Ashville, X. C; .Tones «S: Wad ham, San Diego; .Tones & Xewby, Los Angeles; Knight & .Tones, Los Angeles. District Attorney of San Diego, 1S91-92. As- sistant District Attorney, Los Angeles. 1899- 1903. Vice-president of the X^'ational Guard Association of the United States for several BIOGRAPHICAL 375 years. Secretary of the North Carolina State Senate, 1874-76. Secretary of the North Caro- lina State • Constitutional Convention, 1875. Representative of Buncombe County, N. C, Legislature, 1884-86. Served as a private in the Confederate Army and after the war was appointed Adjutant-General of North Caro- lina in 1877, and reappointed successively for twelve years. Member of the Archeological Institute of America, and the Southwest Society. Editor and proprietor of the Char- lotte, N. C, "Daily Observer," 1872-74. Man- aging editor Raleigh, N. C, "Daily News," 1876-78. Author of a series of sketches of California battles. In 1898 raised a regiment of cavalry in Southern California for service during the Spanish-American war, of which regiment he was elected colonel. Member of Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. MATTISON B. JONES. Residence, Los Angeles; otiice, 823-825 H. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born in Laurel County, Kentucky, June 15, 1869. Son of Hiram J. and Permelia W. (Black) Jones. Married January 3, 1900, to Nettie Ewell Smith. Moved to the state of Cali- ber 17, 1895, and to the Court of Appeals of Kentucky at Frankfort, January 1, 1900; to the Supreme Court of California April 9, 1901; United States Circuit and District Courts at Los Angeles, March 30, 1903, and to the United States Circuit Court of Ap- peals at San Francisco, October 5, 1909. In January, 1900, commenced the practice of law alone in Los Angeles. Formed partner- ship April 1, 1905, with E. B. Drake, under the firm name of Jones & Drake, which con- tinued until August 1, 1909. Practiced alone until January 1, 1910, when he formed part- nership with W. E. Evans, under the firm name of Jones & Evans, which continues to date. Alternate Delegate at Large from California to the Democratic National Con- vention at Denver, Colorado, in 1908. Lec- turer on "Advocacy" in College of Law, Uni- versity of Southern California. Member of University, Jefferson Democratic and Wood- row-Wil'Son-for-President clubs. Member of the Masonic order^ Knight Templar and Scott- ish Rite; also Sigma Chi fraternity. President of the Southern California Baptist Convention in 1911. President of the Board of Trustees of the University of Redlands, California. Democrat. fornia January, 1900. Educated in the public schools of Kentucky. Attended the Agricul- tural and Mechanical College of Kentucky, at Lexington, Kentucky, from which he graduated with the degree of A.B. in June, 1894. In 1898 and 1899 took post-graduate course at this in- stitution. From 1896 until 1898 taught in Will- iamsburg Institute, Williamsburg, Kentucky, and from 1898 to 1900 in the Agricultural and Mechanical College (now University of Kentucky), at Lexington, Kentucky. Ad- mitted to the bar at London, Kentucky, Octo- CORNELIUS HUGHES JORDAN. Residence, 940 North Benton Way; office, II. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born in Carthage, Tennessee, September 30, 1877. Son of John Beverley and Semanthia D. Sneed Jordan. Married Emily Gertrude Smith in November, 1905. Moved to Califor- nia in 1906. After completing a course in Geneva Academy, Carthage, Tennessee, de- voted four years to the study of languages and higher mathematics under private tutor- ship of Prof. John A. Reubelt, Carthage, Ten- nessee. Attended the law department of George Washington University, Washington, D. C. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court in 1906, and to the United States Circuit and District Courts in 1907. Member of the firm of Works & Jordan. Democrat. WILLIAM H. JORDAN. Residence, 2396 Pacific Avenue; office, Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, September 3, 1849. Moved to California in 1859. Received his education in Brayton School of Oakland, Free Academy of Norwich, Connecticut, and Yale College, from which he received the degree of A. M. in 1888. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in 1885. Senior member of the firm of Jordan, Rowe & Brann, May, 1906, to date. Member of the Board of Education of Oak- land, 1881-85. Elected Assembly from Ala- meda County in 1884 and re-elected in 1886. Republican. 376 liU) a i: AV n ic a l JOEL SAWTELL JOSSELYN. ResiileiH-e. I'(il7 Aetna St root . Hoikole\ ; oftire, 2().S-2(»4 riiion yaviiiys Hank BuiMinj;. Oaklaiul. Born in San Fraiuisro. Oitobor 19, ISti.i. Son of Benjamin Franklin and Jose- jihine Amelia (Bledsoe) .losselyn. Married Sei)temV)er 9, 1902, to Carrie E. Andrews. at Ihieajio in 1S92, and returned to San Fran- cisco the followinjj year. Atlmitted to the l)ar of California in"lS9.") and to all courts Received his early education in the grammar schools of San Francisco, graduating there- from to the Boys' High School, and was a member of the class of 1887 of the University of California. Admitted to the bar of CaU- fornia in San Francisco January 7, 1897. Practiced law in Santa Cruz and San Joaquin counties prior to opening an oflHce in San Francisco, where for several years he acted as attorney for large corjiorations, removing to Oakland after the fire. Secretary of Har- bor League of Oakland from 1907 to 1909. Re- publican. THOMAS CYPHERT JUDKINS. Residence, 2441 Webster Street, Berkeley; office. Mills Building. San Francisco. Born in Eugene. Oregon, November .■^, 18.59. Son of Edward A. and Celinda (Gillette) Judkins. Married January 1, 1888. to Roberta Lee Cal- vert. Attended the State University of Ore- gon and graduated in 1883 with the degree of B.S. Engaged in Washington City, D. C, in newspajier business until 1887, when he moved to San Francisco and became night manager of the Associated Press, continuing until 1890. Moved to Fresno and purchased and edited the Fresno "Daily Republican," continuing until 1892. Aiii)ointed Secretary of California Commission at the World's Fair having jurisdiction in this state, and con- tinues in the active practice of his profession alone to date. Member of the San Francisco Bar Association. Republican. GROVER CLEVELAND JULIAN. Residence and office, Woodland. Born July 12, 1885. in Greene County, Missouri. Son of Dr. Alj.he- us H. and The- resa (McMinn) Julian. Moved to California in 18 9 2. Attend<-d common s c hools in Lassen County, and g r aduated from Woodland High School in June, 1906. Stud- ied law in the office * f H n. Charles W. Thomas at Woo. Hand. Admitted to practice December 9. 1907. by 3d District Court of Appeal, at Sacramento. Practiced his profession in Susanville, California, from February, 1908, to July. 1911. as member of the firni of Rankin & Julian. Moved to Woodland, Julv. 1911. where he became asso- ciated with Charles W. Thomas and Charles W. Thomas, Jr.. and continues to practice to date. Has practiced in inferior. Superior. Appellate and Supreme Courts, United States BIOG BAPHIC AL 377 Land Ofltiee and Department of Interior. Served as Deputy District Attorney of Las- sen County from March, 1908, to December, 1910. City Attorney of Susanville, from Au- gust, 1909, to July, 1911. Member of I. 0. O. F. and Foresters of America fraternities. Democrat. HENRY GARFIELD JORGENSEN. Eesidence, Pacific Grove; office, Monterey. Born in Pendleton, Oregon, August 14, 1883. Son of P. and Nancy Theresa (Fitzgerald) Jorgensen. Moved to California in 1892. Married Delia Mae Hull August 17, 1909. Graduated from the San Jose High School in 1903, and received the degree of B. A. from Stanford University in 19U7. Admitted to the bar by the First District Court of Ap- peal, November 18, 1908. Commenced the practice of law in Monterey and Pacific Grove in September, 1909, and continues alone to date. Appointed City Attorney of Pacific Grove in January, 1910, which office he still retains. Appointed City Attorne}" of Monterey, July 1, 1911. Republican. FRANK KARR. Residence, 694 Harvard B o u 1 e- vard; office, 432 Pacific Electric Build i n g, Los Angele s. B o r n Fe b r u a r y 1 8, ]87o. in He y- worth, Illinois. Son of Henry Al- len and Martha Elizabeth (Sto- rey) Karr. Mar- ried October 29, 1904, to Dora Von Ordstra n d. R e- ceived his early education in the public and high schools of Heyworth, Illinois, and later at the Illinois State University, 1902-4. Moved to California in 1898 and attended the Stan- ford University until 1901, when he was ad- mitted to the liar of this state on June 12th of that year. City Attorney San Pedro, 1902-6. Attorney for Southern Pacific Com- pany, at Los Angeles. Assistant Chief Coun- sel for Pacific Electric Railway Company. THOMAS KENTON KASE. Eesidence, Los Angeles; office, 716 Mer- chants Trust Building, Los Angeles. Born in Illinois, March IS. 1873. Son of Spencer Metlar and Elizabeth (Summers) Kase. Moved to California in 1888. Received his education at the public schools of Napa County and Hastings College of Law. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in January, 1895. Commenced the i)ractice of his profes- sion in that year in San Francisco, and has practiced alone continuously to date. Helped to establish escheat law, and by legal pro- ceedings, about 1902-3, secured transfer from numerous banks of large deposits to the credit of the state school fund. Specializes in corporation law. Member of the Masonic and I. O. O. F. fraternities. Republican. WILLIAM WALLACE KAYE. Residence, 2229 B Street; office, 37-40 H o p k ins Building, Bakers- field. Born June 26, 1869, in River- side, Iowa. Son of Jesse I. and An n a Louise (K ling) Kaye Married Angus t 10, 1895, to Fan- nie B. Minton. a n d moved t o Calif r n i a the same year. Re- ceived his early education in the Iowa City Acad- emy, and later at the Iowa State University, of Iowa City, graduating therefrom in 1893 with the degree of A.B. Entered Hastings College of Law and received the degree of LL.B. in 1898. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in May, 1898, and commenced the practice of his ])rofession in association with .Judge Curtis H. Lindley of San Francisco, 378 BlOG li A I' II I C A L coutiuuing until 191)1. Moved to Bakersfield iu that year and rontinues in the active prac- tice of his profession to date in partnership with Alfred Siemon, under firm name of Kaye & Siemon. Engaged in editorial work on Rose's Notes V. 8. Reporter in 1900. Member of the Masonic order. Knight Tem- plar, and Shriner. Specializes in mining and oil law. Re]iul)lican. ARTHUR KEETCH. Residence. lIUo :Moiitcrcy Koad, South Pasadena; office, District Attorney's Office, Hall of Records, Los Angeles. Born in Bir- mingham. England. March I.3. 18(57. Son of "William and Louisa (Hawkes) Keetch. Mar- ried Amber M. Yates, August, 22, 1902, at Denver, Colorado. Moved to California in 1903, after attending the public schools of England. Graduated from the Law Depart- ment of Lake Forest University, in 1893, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1903. Appointed Deputy Dis- trict Attorney for Los Angeles County in 1907, which position he occupies at date. Member of F. & A. M., Union League and Metropolitan clubs of Los Angeles. Republi- AUGUSTIN C. KEANE. Residence, 2248 California Street; office, Hearst Building, San Francisco. Born June 3, 1883, in San Francisco, California. Son ot Dr. George B. and Theodosia (Carter) Keane. Educated in the public schools of San Francisco and attended the L'niversitv of California from 1901 to 1906. Engaged i'". journalism for a period of five years. Studied law at the Kent Law School and was admitted to the bar of this state in May, 1911. Commenced the practice of his ])rofession immediately upon admission ami continues to date, associated with (!eorge B. Keane and Paul F. Fratessa. Member of the Press, Commonwealth and Civic League of Improvement clubs of San Francisco and the San Francisco Bar Association. Rejiublican. GEORGE BERNARD KEANE. Residence. 8 o Union Street; of- fice, Hearst Build- i n g, San F r an- ciseo. Born Feb- ruary 26, 187"). in San F r a ncisco. Son of George B. and Theodosia .1. (Carter) Keane. Attended the Powell St reet School, F e bruary 26. 1881; Emerson Primary Sc h o o 1, March, 1884; W a s hington Grammar, June, 1 887; Sacred Heart College, June, 1892, and Hastings Col- lege of Law, June, 1895. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco, December 2o, 18&o. ^Member of Native Sons of the Golden West, Red Men and Druids fraternities. State Sen- ator, California 23d Senatorial District. 190.5-9. Republican. WILLIAM T. KEARNY. Residence, 134.3 Cole Street; office, 828 Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born in Tuam, Ireland. January It), 1867. Son of M. P. and Sara (Roche) Kearny. Came to this state in 1869. Married Theodora Will- iams in 1893. Received his education from the Santa Cruz public schools, later taking a special law course in Hastings College of Law. Admitted to the bar. in San Francisco, in October. 1898. Postmaster of Santa Cruz, under President Cleveland from 1893 to 1897, when he began the jiractice of law in Santa Cruz, where he continued to practice until 1899. Moved to San Francisco in 1900. Democrat. GEORGE H. KELCH. Residence, 331 Iowa Avenue, Hollywood; office, suite 447, Douglas Building, Los .An- geles. Born in Pekin, Illinois, May 8, 1876. Son of Francis J. and Elizabeth (Bitzel) Kelch. Moved to this state in 1892. Mar- ried Margaret Marwell, June 30, 1909. Edu- cated in the public schools at Pekin, Illinois, and the X'^niversity of Southern California. Was admitted to the state bar at Los Angeles, BIOGRAPHICAL 379 June 16, 1906, since which date he has been actively engaged in the practice of his pro- fession. Eepiiblican. EUGENE E. KEECH. Eesideuce and office, Santa Ana. Born April 16, 1856, in Bock County, Wisconsin. Son of Jonathan and Martha (King) Keech. Married 1S84 to Amelia Boyle. Educated in the public schools of Minnesota; National Normal Univer.sdty, Lebanon, Ohio; Glasgow bar of the state of New York in May, 1905, and practiced in New York City. Moved to California in 1906, and admitted to the bar of California in that year. Member of Los An- geles Bar Association. Eepublican. SHELDON GAYLORD KELLOGG. Eesidence, 2864. Broadway; office, 801-804 Crocker Building, San Francisco. Born De- cember 13, 1857, in Leon, Cattaraugus County, New York. Son of Austin Luke and Lucina Normal School. Studied law in office of Judge Eitter, during which time he taught mathematics in the latter institution. Taught for three years in National Normal Univer sity. Admitted to the bar of Kentucky, 1887; California, 1888, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. Practiced law alone in Santa Ana, until March 1^, 1912, when he formed partnership with S. M. Davis, under the firm name of Keech & Davis, which continues to the present time. Specializes in water law. Attorney for Anaheim Union Water Com- pany, Santa Ana Valley Irrigation Company and Santa Ana Eiver Development Company'. Member of Santa Ana Board of Education, Orange County Bar Association, Chamber ot Commerce, and Sunset Club. Eepublican. EDWARD E. KELLEY. Eesidence, 1706 West 38th street; office, 516-.517 Exchange Building, Los Angeles. Born in New York City November 22, 1878. Attended Ursinus College, Collegeville, Penn- sylvania, from which institution he graduated in 1901 with the degree of A. B. Graduated from the New York Law School in June, 1904, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the Bush (Sackett) Kellogg. Married November 21, 1900, to Annie Grant Sheppard. Attended the public schools of New York state; Cham- berlain Institute, Eandolph, New York; Wes- leyan University, Middletown, Connecticut, gradfuating in 1878 with the degree of A.B. and in I881I receiving the degree of A.M.; University of Leipsic, Germany, for two years, where he took up the study of the Roman Law. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Michigan and before the federal courts at Detroit in 1881. Admitted to the Supreme Court of California in Octo- ber, 1883'; later before the federal courts at San Francisco, and before the United States Supreme Court on October 16, 1905. Com- menced the practice of his profession in 1881 at Detroit, Michigan, removing to San Fran- cisco in 188i3. During his practice he has been associated with the late William F. Gibson, the late Alexander G. Eells, and with Edwin T. Cooper. Member of the San Fran- cisco Election Commission, 1900-2 and presi- dent of same in 1902. Trustee of San Fran- cisco Public Library from 1901 to date. Member of San Francisco Civil Service Com- mission, 1909. Member of the Unitarian, 3S0 B 1 G r A rn J r A l Union League, Commonwealth and Chit Chat clubs, and San Francisco Bar Association. Trustee of Unitarian Churdi. Kepublican. FRANK P. KELLY. Residence. San Francisco; oUice, 211 Flood Building. San Francisco. Born January 7, lSo4, in Philadeli"hia. Pennsylvania. Re- ceived part of his education in the schools of his native state and moved to Sacramento. California, in lS(i7, engaging in newspaper and printing pursuits until lSS-1. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles in Septem- ber, 1884, and the following year was ap- pointed Assistant City Attorney, serving in that office until 1886. In 1888 was elected District Attorney for Los Angeles County. Moved to San Francisco in .Tanuary, 1893. to take the position of attorney in all criminal ca.scs for the Southern Pacific Company, which position he holds to date. ROBERT W. KEMP. Resilience, 14"21 La Veta Terrace; office, 31.5 Grant Building, Los Angeles. Born in Shasta County in 1S72. Son of John B. and Mary (Mac.\rthur) Kem]i. Educated in the public schools of Shasta County and the Berkeley High School. Attended Jlastings Law School from 1S94 to 189fi. Admitted to the bar of California October 20, 1896; later to the United States Circuit ami District Courts ot Southern California and to the United States Circuit Court of Ai)j)eals. Practiced law alone in Los Angeles until February, 1903, when he formed partnership with .J. M. Davis and Charles \. Post, which continues to date. Member of Masonic bodies, B. P. O. E., and Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. WILLIAM TAYLOR KENDRICK. Residence. 219 South Kastlakc Avenue; office. .")2 with his brother, D. P. Kendrick, which continued for one year. Member of the firm of Kendrick & .\rdis to the present time. Democrat. WILLIAM KENNEDY. Residence, 691 Kingsley Drive; office. 600 I. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born in Lee County. Iowa, September 1, 1S48. Sou of Lewis G. and Mary (Newson) Kennedy. Married June 17, 1874, to Alice M. Proper. Educated in the public schools of Iowa and Howe's Academy at Mount Pleasant, Iowa. Graduated from the Law Department of the University of Chicago. Studied in the office of Hon. .John F. Lacey, Oskaloosa, Iowa. Ad- mitted to the bar of Iowa in 187.5. In 1903 remove, 1863. Son of .loiin and Annie (U'Lough- !m) Kierce. Mar- r i e d M a rtha E. S h rman, Febru- a r y (j. 1S94. Re- ceived his educa- tion in public schools iu Solano C o u n t y fro m 1 809-79. 'in the interim attended school at St. Gertrude's Academy, and St. Joseph's School, San Francisco. Entered St. Mary's College in 1879, graduating with the de- gree of A. B. June, 1882, later receiving the de- gree of M. A. Admitted to the bar in Sacra- mento, California, May 2, 1887. Member of the firm of Wheaton. Kalloch & Kierce from November. 1890, to July, 1897. After the dis- solution of this firm he entered into partner- ship with R. W. Gillogley, under the name of Kierce & Gillogley, which association contin- ued until July, 1907, since which time he has ].racticed by himself. Member of Press Club. Elks, X. S." O. W., Y. M. I., Bar Association. Democrat. FRANK EMMETT KILPATRICK. Residence and office. Hanford. Born Octo- ber 23. 1884, in San Rafael. California. Son of Samuel William and Lillie (Barker) Kil- jiatrick. Married Martha Mildred Hecker. Edu- cated in the public schools of California and Kent Law School. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in 19(18. Practiced law in San Francisco, alone, until 1909, when he moved to Hanford, where he continues in the general jiractiee of his jtrofession to the present time. City Attornev of Hanford to date. Member of B. P. O." E.. X. S. G. W.. W. O. W., K. of P., Kedmen and Kings County Bar Association. Republican. ARCHER KINCAID. Residence, llo Hamilton Street; office, 10 Broadway, Redwood City. Born iu Redwood Citv, ifav 24, ls(i9. Son of Harvev and Lucy Allelic (Turner) Kincaid. .\tteuded grammar school at Redwood City until 1880. and Uni- versity of the Pacific, at College Park, from 1886 to 1891. Entered Stanford University in 1891, and graduated in 1892 with the de- gree of A. B. Entered Hastings College of Law in 1892, graduating therefrom in 1895 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California, May 21, 18i).5. C'ommenced the practice of his pro- fession in 1890, and continues alone^ to date. City Attorney of Redwood City from 1896 to 19ii7. Democrat. ANDREW JACKSON KING. Residence, 412 North Breed Street; offic.^. .■)22 California Building. Los Angeles. Born Febniary 9, 1833. in Dahlonega, Lumpkin County, Georgia. Son of Samuel and Martha (Mee) King. Married December 21, 1862, to Laura Cecelia Evertsen. Educated at the grammar school of Helena, Arkansas, and later by private tutorship studied law under Benjamin Hayes. Admitted to practice in the District Courts of the 17th Judicial Dis- trict, October, 18o9, having moveil to this state in Augvist, 1852. Has been in the ac- tive practice of his profession continuously ever since his admission and at various i>e- riods member of the following law firms: Morrison «S!: King; McConnell & King; Mc- Connell, King & Whiting; and Whiting, King & White. Is now associated with his son, C. E. King, in the practice of his profession. In 18o9 was elected member of the legisla- ture from Los .\ngeles County, ami in 1866 elected City Attorney for Los Angeles, which office he held until his appointment as county judge of Los Angeles County in 1868 by Gov- ernor H. H. Haiglit. Fininded and eecializes in land eases. Member of .Tonathan and City clubs, Chamber of Commerce, and Los Angeles Bar Associa- tion. Democrat. EDWARD THOMAS LANNON. Residence, 3.52s 1st Street; office, 511-512 Union Building, San Diego. Born in Alex- andria. Virginia, September 13, 1881. Son of John David and Johanna Valentine (Reddy) Lannon. Married September 26, 1911, to Alice Mannix. Received his early education in Potomac Academy, Alexandria, Virginia, and later attending the I'niversity of Vir- ginia. Grailuated from the University of Colorado, with the degree of B. A., in 1905. and the degree of LL. B. in 1907. Admitted to the bar of Oklahoma, September 7. 1907. Moved to California in 1909 and was admitted to the bar of this state April 19, 1909. En- tered into jiartnership with John B. Mannix in 1911. and commenced the practice of his ]irofession in San Diego, continuing to date. Member of B. P. O. E. and Knights of Col- umbus. Demoi-rnt. BERNARD PIERRE LAPACHET. Residence, 1.524 Fell Street; office, French Bank Building, San Francisco. Born Febru- ary 18, 1878, in San Francisco, California. Son of Pierre and Camille Leonie (Pelle) Lapachet. Married April 25, 1905, to Mary A. Kenny. Attended Washington Grammar School until 1S92; Boys' High School, 1895, and Healds Business College in the same year. Admitted to the bar of California be- fore the Supreme Court at San Francisco. June 12. 1901. Admitted to the District Court of the United States of the Northern District of California, July 28, 1902, and the BIOGRAPHICAL 389 Circuit Court of the United States, Ninth Judicial Circuit, August 9, 1904. Continues in the active practice of his profession, prac- ticing alone. Member of Board of Directors of the French Hospital, 1904-6; Eepublican County Committee, 1910-12; Bar Association of San Francisco, and the Commonwealth Club. Eepublican. WILLIAM BRANSON LARDNER. Residence and office, Auburn. Born near Niles, Michigan, December 12, ISoO. Son of Lynford and Sarah Keegan (Moore) Lard- ner. Came to California September 28, 1872. Married January 11, 1881, to Jennie Mitchell. Received his education in the public schools of Michigan and Iowa. Graduated from Cornell College, Iowa, June, 1875, with the degree of B. S., and from the Iowa State Uni- versity, Law Department, June 19, 1877, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Iowa by the supreme court, June 20, 1877; United States District Court, Iowa, June 29, 1877; Supreme Court of California, Novem- ber 12, 1877; United States District Court, Northern District of California, June 21, 1899. Was in partnership with E. F. Burns for about eight years. Balance of the time he has practiced alone. Elected District At- torney of Placer County in 1880 and served until 1883. Member of the Assembly, Cali- fornia Legislature, from Placer County, 1900-1, and State Senator from Placer and El Dorado County, 1902-5. Served as Court Commissioner of Placer County for several years. Life member of the Pennsylvania Historical Society. Member of the Tahoe Club of Auburn, California, Chamber of Com- merce and Trustee of the Common and High School and Public Library. Director of Agri- cultural Fair, Placer County. Member of the State Bar Association, Masonic fraternity, I. O. 0. F., and Improved Order of Eed Men. Republican. EMILIO LASTRETO. Residence, 1827 Jones Street; oflQce, 509-11 Chronicle Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, February 25, 1869. Son of Luigi Felix and Charlotte (Parrain) Las- treto. Married June (!, 1906, to Goldie Cuf- field. Attended Washington Grammar School, San Francisco, graduating in May, 1SS2, and the Boys' High School, from which he gradu- ated in 1885. Admitted to the bar by the Sujireme Court of California at Sacramento, May 5, 1892, and the United States Circuit and District Courts, December 23, 1898, and has continued in the active practice of his profession to date. Member of the Olympic Club. Past President of the N. S. G. W., Past Sachem Improved Order of Eed Men. Eepublican. JAY MONROE LATIMER. Residence, 632 Hayes Street; office, 312 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in Le Eoy, Ohio, August 12, 1875. Son of J. A. and Mary Elizabeth (Leonard) Latimer. Moved to California in 1908. Graduated from the Le Boy High School. Attended the Wayne Normal School and Business College one year and the University of Washington from 1899 to 1900. Studied law in the offices of Hon. A. D. Licey, Medina, Ohio, and was admitted to the bar in Nome, Alaska, June 20, 1900, and later to the bar of California. Engaged in the practice of law in Montana until 1900, when 390 BlOG R A r II IC AL he joined the rush to the Alaska gold field and took up extensive placer niining pros- pects and also maintained a law practice. Now engaged in general practice of law in San Francisco, specializing in corporation and probate law. Was candidate for United States District Attorney under President Roosevelt at Xome, Alaska, in 1902, and at Fairbanks. Alaska, 1908. Member of the X. S. G. W.. Knights of Pythias. Rej)ublican. D. H. LAUBERSHEIMER. Residence, 1.37 East Avenue 43; oflScc, Douglas Building. Los Angeles. Son of Anton and Lucy f( hapinan) Laubersheimer. Born in 1S7.J in Wilmington, Los Angeles County. Married in 1905 to Mary Babcock. Educated in the public and high schools of Los Angeles. Attended the University of California. Stud- ied law in the offices of I. B. Dockweiler. Admitted to the bar of California in 1898 and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. En- gaged in the general practice of law in Los Angeles to date. Member of Civil Service Commission of Los Angeles for four years; also of Los Angeles Bar Association, N. S. G. W., and University and South Coast Yacht clubs. Republican. ALEXANDER DOUGLAS LAUGHLIN. Resi.l.Mir,.. i-ii; \\\...t iiid Street; ofTice, Laughlin Building, Los Angeles. Born in Yolo County, October 7, 18.54. Son of .Tohn Mack and Matilda (Faught) Laughlin. Mar- ried September 21, 1886, to Mary J. .Johnson. Received his education in the public schools of Sonoma County, Sotoyome Institute at Healdsburg, Green Valley Grammar School and tile Pacific Methodist College. Studied law in the office of Johnson & Henley at Sant^ Rosa, California. Admitted to the bar of California July 20. 1879, and later to United States Cir- cuit and District Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. Practiced law in Santa Rosa until December, 1902, when he moved to Los An- geles, where he has continued the practice of his profession in association with E. W. Free- man. Democrat. JOHN KOLB LAW. Residence, 12(i9 Canal Street; office, Merced Security Savings Bank Building, Merced, Cali- fornia. Born .January 19, 1841, in Darlington, South Carolina. Son of Ezekiel Augustus and Sarah P'lizaljeth (Mclver) Law. Attended private schools and St. John's Academy, Dar- lington, South Carolina. Entered the South Carolina Military Academy in January, 1859, taking the first year of the course at the Arsenal Academy at Columbia, the remainder of the course being at the Citadel Academy in Charleston, South Carolina. Was one of a detachment from the corps of cadets from the Citadel Academy assigned to duty on Morris Island in Decemlier, 1860. Helped to build the "Star of the West" Battery, and was on duty in this battery when the steamer, "Star of the West," carrying United States troops to reinforce Fort Sumter, was fired on in January, 1861. Returned to academy and resumeil studies. Served with General Beau- regard's corps. Confederate Army of the Potomac, in August, September and October, 1861, and with General Lee's Army in Septem- ber, 1862, on staff of General E. M. Law. Was severely wounded in battle of Sharps- burg (Antietam). Graduated from the South Carolina Military Academy in April, 1863, BIOGRAPHIC AL 391 being disabled by wound from active duty in the field. Served as enrolling officer in Dar- lington and Williamsburg, South Carolina, until close of the Civil War. Kead law with his father (Judge E. A. Law). Was admitted to the bar by the Sujjreme Court of South Carolina, at Co'lumbia, November 28, 186G, Supreme Court of California, July 12, 1869; United States District and Circuit Courts of California, January 16, 1878, and the Supreme Court of the United States, January, 1902. Married December 18, 1866, to Miss Mary L. James. Commenced active practice of his profession in copartnership with his father, under the firm name of Law & Law, which continued until 1869, when he removed to California. Taught in private and public schools in California until November, 1872. Resumed the practice of his j^rofession in Jan- uary, 1873, locating permanently in Merced where, with the exception of about ten years spent on the bench, he has continued in the active practice to date. Superintendent of Public Schools of Merced County, July, 1873, to March, 1874. Elected District Attorney of Merced County in 1875, serving a full term from March, 1876, to March, 1878. Elected judge of the Superior Court of Merced County in November, 1890; re-elected in November, 1896, serving until April 27, 1900, when he resigned from the bench and resumed the practice of law. Was the Democratic nom- inee for Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the state of California at the general election in November, 1902. THOMAS CHALMERS LAW. Residence, corner 21st and Alameda Streets; office, Main Street, Merced. Born September 24, 1849, in Darlington, South Carolina. Son of E. Augustus and Sarah Elizabeth (Mc- Iver) Law. Married to Julia J. Washington, August, 1894. Received primary education at private schools in home town. Attended Kings Mountain Military Academy, York- ville. South Carolina, two terms. Attended University of Virginia one term — 1869 to 1870. Admitted to bar of California, in Merced, November 20, 1879. Admitted to practice in United States District Court, Su- perior Court, June 1, 1880, Supreme Court, May 4, 1891, and Circuit Court of United States, Ninth Judicial District, September 4, 1893. Member of Masonic fraternity and Knights of Pythias. Democrat. OSCAR LAWLER. Residence, 646 New Hampshire Avenue; office, 526 Security Building, Los Angeles. Born April 2, 1875, in Marshalltown, Iowa. Son of William T. and Margaret (O'Connor) Lawler. Married Hilda Erode, June 17, 1901. Educated in the public schools of Iowa. Moved to California in October, 1888. Read law in the offices of Ersldne N. Ross and George J. Denis, of Los Angeles. Admitted to practice at the bar of this state, April, 1896. Served as United States Attorney for the Southern District of California, December, 1907, to April, 1909. Appointed Assistant At- torney-General, Department of Interior, April, 1909, resigning May, 1911, since latter date has practiced alone at Los Angeles. Member of the California and Jonathan clubs of Los Angeles. Republican. WILLIAM PATRICK LAWLOR. Residence, 545 Powell Street; office. Hall of Justice, San Francisco. Born in New York City, September 17, 1854. Son of Patrick and Eliza (Maher) Lawlor. Re- ceived his education in New York City, and moved to this state in 1877. Studied law in the office of Rhodes and Barstow, of San Francisco. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia, and immediately commenced the practice of his profession, continuing until 1898, when he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court. Elected to that office in 1900, and re-elected in 1906, continuing to hold office to date. In 1904 served as Chairman of the Democratic Committee. Member of the Olympic, Bohemian and The Family clubs. Democrat. JAMES WETHERBY LAWRENCE. Residence, 983 Elden Avenue, Los Angeles; office, 220 Bullard Block. Born in Tully, New York, August 9, 1846. Son of James R., Jr., and Helen (Wetherby) Lawrence. Married June 23, 1873, to Mary Sidle. Came to Cali- fornia in 1905. Received his education in tho public schools of Syracuse, New York, and Hamilton College, Clinton, New York, from 392 B I G R A P II I C A L \vhi4h he gra.liiate.l in ISliS with the degree of B. A. Admitted to practice in Xew York state in lS(i9; to the Minnesota courts, 1S70, and while in Minneapolis. Minnesota, was ad- mitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States in 1S84. Continued prac- tice in Minnesota until coming to California, and admitted to the California courts in 1909. District Attorney for Hennepin Countv. Min- nesota. lS7l'-7(). Member of Park Board Com- mission. Minneapolis. Chairman of Minne- sota Democratic State Central Committee, 1888-89. Formed partnership with A. K. Hancock in 19(i9. which still continues at this date. Member of Chi Psi fraternity, of Ham- ilton College. Masonic order and B. P. O. E. Democrat. JOHN ROSE LAYNG. Kesideuce, 1522 T h 1 r d Avenuo; office. 215-216 Tajo Building, Los Angeles. Born S e p t e m ber 25, 1875, in Atchison, Kansas. Son of Chas. Anderson and Harriet Rog- ers (Potter) Layng. Moved to California in 1886. Educated in the public and high schools of Los An- geles and attended the University of Southern Califor- nia from 1895 to 1896. Attended the Law Department of the Universitv of Southern California. 1898-1901. Admitted to the bar of California, April 10. 1901, and later, United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Associated with Title Guarantee and Tru.st Company and Title In- surance and Trust Company of Los Angeles, 19ni-:i. Practices his profession in Los An- geles to date. Specializes in fire insurance law. Member of Masonic order. Union League Club, and Los Angeles Bar Associa- ti^on. Charter member of Troop "D," Cav. X. G. C. Republican. ABRAHAM POWELL LEACH. Residence, Pleasanton; office. Security Bank Building, Oakland. Born Julv 27. 187.3, in Valle.io, California. Son of Frank Alea- nion and Mary Louise (Powell) Leach. Mar- ried JVbruary 6. 1901, to Freda Curdts. Graduated from the Oakland grammar and high schools, and later attendelar fraternities, and Shriners. Member of New York State Society of Southern Cali- fornia, charter member of California Com- mandery of Foreign Wars, of which he served as Judge Advocate and Vice-commander. Director, first historian, chancellor, and mem- ber of the council of the Society of Colonial Wars in California. Director from 1S94 to date and Vice-president of California So- ciety Sons of the Revolution. Director of Murphy Oil Company, Whittier, California, and City and County Bank of Los Angeles. Member of the I'nion League Club. Los An- geles. Attorney for the late E. .1. Baldwin's estate, and actively participated in the litiga- tion. Owns the G. Wiley Wells Law Library, one of the largest private law libraries on the Pacific Coast. Republican. BRADNER WELLS LEE, JR. Residence, 1105 South Hope Street; office, suite 820 H. W. Hellman Building. Los -An- geles. Bom in Los Angeles, California. .Tanu- BIOGRAPHICAL 395 ary 20, 1886. Son of Bradner Wells and Helena (Farrar) Lee. After attending the public, schools of Los Angeles he entered Har- vard Military School (Los Angeles), Septem- ber 23, 1902, graduating in June, 1907. En- tered Stanford University in September, 1907, completing a four year pre-legal course with class of 1911; then entered and became a mem- ber of class of 1913 at the University of Southern California, College of Law. Passed examination before the District Court of Ap- peal, Second Appellate District, of California, for admission to the bar of California, and admitted to practice July 18, 1912, and to the United States District Court, July 22, 1912. Associated with his father in the practice of law. Member of Delta Kappa Epsilon and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. Republican. CHARLES A. LEE. Residence, 2538 Benvenue Avenue, Berkeley; oflSce, Foxcroft Build- ing, San Fran- cisco. Born Jan- uary 4, 1865, in Toledo, Ohio. Son of Ira E. and Mary E. (Tolman) Lee. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia, in the Su- preme Court, 1898. Commenced the active practice of his profession im- mediately u p o n admission, and continues alone to date. KENYON FARRAR LEE. Born in Los Angeles, California, February 28, 1888. Son of Bradner Wells and Helena (Farrar) Lee. Associated with his father in practice. Married Hazel Barlow, of Los An- geles, June 25, 1912. After attending the public schools of his native city, entered Har- vard Military School (Los Angeles), Septem- ber 23, 1902, from which he graduated ia June, 1908; entered Stanford University Sep- tember, 1908, with the class of 1912.' The following three years were devoted to the pre-legal course at Stanford University, and from this institution he went to University of Southern California, College of Law. Passed examination before the District Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District of Cali- fornia, January 17, 1912, and was admitted to practice, and JaniKiry 29, 1912, was admitted to practice before the United States District Court for the Southern District of California; July 5, 1912, was admitted to practice before United States Circuit Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit. Member of Delta Kappa Epsilon and Phi Delta Phi (legal) fraternities, and Los Angeles County Bar Association. Republican. J. F. LEICESTER. Residence, 2125 California Street; oflfice, California Pacific Building, San Francisco. Eesid 820 H. ence, W. Huntley Apartments; office, suite Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born December 18, 1865, in Bath, England. Son of Rev. Morton A. and Susan (Marshall) Leicester. Received his education at Bed- ford Grammar School, Bedford, England, and Vickery Naval Academy, Portsmouth, Eng- land. Moved to California in 1887, and studied law in the office of A. N. Drown. Admitted to the bar of California in 1894, and continued his association in A. N. Drown's office until 1899, when the partner- 396 BIOG h' A 1' 11 IC AL ship was foriiietl of Drown, Leicester \' Drown, comprised of A. X. Drown, J. F. Leicester ami W. X. Drown, which firm con- tinues to ilate. Republican. S. F. LEIB. Kesiileiu-e. ^■;in Jose; ortii-e, 508 First Na- tional Bank Building, San Jose. Barn in Fairfield County, Ohio, in 1848. Son of Joseph and Clarissa (Allen) Leib. Married December M, 1874, to Lida Campbell Grissim. Attended the University of Michigan at Ann Arbor and graduated in Marih. 1869, in whicli year he came to California and located at San Jose. Became a partner in the firm of Moore & Laine, the firm name being changed to Moore, Laine & Leib, and upon D. M. Delnias joining the firm, the name was changed to Moore, Laine, Delnias & Leib, this partnership being dissolved about 1880. Elected Judge of Superior Court of Santa Clara County in 1903. ARLEIGH FRANCES LEMBERGER. Residence. 2ony Fulton Street, Berkeley; office, (is Post Street, San Francisco. Born in Seattle, Washington, May 13, ISSO. Son of Jaques Frank and Eunice K. (Dickson) Leniberger. Moved to California in 1884 and received his education in the Los Angeles primary, grammar, and high schools. En- tered the University of California in 1899, and received the degree of A. B. in 19t)2. In 1908 was graduated from Harvard Law Col- lege with degree of LL.B. Admitted to prac- tice in California by the Supreme Court, Oc- tober, 1908. Associated in the practice of his i>rofession in 1909 with J. A. Marsh, which association continues to the present time. Member of the Masonic fraternitv. EDGAR COLEMAN LEVEY. Residence, 1988 Bush Street; office, 842-850 Pacific Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco. August 4, 1881. Son of J. Coleman and Theresa (Kuttner) Levey. Graduated from Adams Cosmopolitan School, June 19, lS9t), and Lowell High School in 1899. At- tended the University of California, receiving the degree of A. B. May 12, 19(i3, and the de- gree of LL. B. from Hastings College of Law, May 16. 1905. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia May 25. 1905. Associated with W. H. Linforth from SepteniV>er, 1905, until January, 1906; formed partnership with George M. Lip- man, October 1, 19o6, under the firm name of Levey & Lipman, which continues to date. Republican. DAVID LIVINGSTON LEVY. Residence, 3005 Jackson Street; office, 659 Mills Building. San Francisco. Born August 4. 1888. in San Francisco. Son of Eugene W. and Rebecca (Livingston) Levy. Received his early education in the "Henry Durant Primary School, San Francisco, 1893-98; Ham- ilton Grammar School, San Francisco, 1898- 1900; Lowell High School, San Francisco, 1900-4. Attended the University of Califor- nia, 1904—8, receiving the degree of B. L., and in 1908-11. Hastings College of Law, receiv- ing the degree of LL. B. Commenced the ]>ractice of his profession in San Francisco, October, 1909, and in 1910 became associated with Joseph C. Campbell, which association continues to date. HARRY LINCOLN LEWIS. Residence. 2045 Hobart Boulevard; office. 711-712 Merchants Trust Building, Los An- geles. Born in Chicago, Illinois. January 17, 1869. Son of George Harland and Frances Maria (Whitney) Lewis. Married June 5, 1892, to Dorothy E. Wilson. Attended the puV>lic schools of Illinois, Massachusetts and Xew .Tersev; X'ew York Universitv, I^aw School, 1S97-98, and later the Y. M. C. A., at Brooklyn, X'ew York. Moved to California in 1905, and attended the University of Southern California, Law Department, gradu- ating in 1909. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in July, 1909. and continues the practice of his profession to date. Republi- can. ARNOLD W. LIECHTI. Residenee. San Framisio; olliee. IM Sutter Street, San Francisco. Born at Winterthur. Switzerland, December 15, 1869. Son of Carl and Anna (Loosli) Liechti. Married August 1, 1903, to Annie E. Shier, of Pioche, Xevada. f^ducated in the public schools in Winterthur. Canton Zurich; in the secondary schools in Langnau, Canton Berne; in the School of Technology, Winterthur, Switzerland and BIOGRAPHICAL 397 University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas. Came to California in August, 1895. Ad- mitted to the bar of Kansas in April, 1893, at Wichita, Kansas, and read law in the of- fices of Harris & Vermilion of that city un- til 1895, when he associated with the office of Fox, Kellogg & Cra}', in San Francisco. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1896. From 1898 to 1907 he practiced his profession alone, moving to Goldfield, Nevada, in the spring of 1907, where partnership was formed with George Spriugmeyer, and practice was continued under the firm name of Liechti & Springmeyer. Appointed Assistant District Attorney of Esmeralda County, Nevada, 1909- 10. Member of the Masonic fraternity, Com- monwealth Club, B. P. O. E. and Olympic Club, San Francisco. Eepubliean. EMIL LIESS. Kesidence, 32 Beaver Street; office, 609-611 Humboldt Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in Germany, October 31, 1864. Son of Heinrich and Maria (Bindel) Liess. Moved to California October 19, 1892, and married Frieda Edelmann, April 24, 1895. Educated in the grammar and high schools at Weimar and Eisenach, Germany, from 1871 to 18S2. Admitted to the bar of California, September 10, 1902. Socialist. School, Cincinnati, 1870; the Cincinnati Col- lege, from which he received the degree of LL. B. in 1872; Harvard College, 1876, from w^hich he received the degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the Supreme Court of Ohio, at Columbus, in 1879; Court of Appeals in New York, 1880. Practiced Law in New York City from 1880-94, under the firm name of Bettens & Lilienthal. Moved to San Fran- cisco in 1894 and practiced his profession alone from that date until 1909. Formed partnership under the firm name of Lilien- thal, McKinstry & Eaymond in 1909, which firm exists to date. Vice-President of San Francisco Bar Association. IRA S. LILLICK. Eesidence, 1111 Pine Street; office, 607 Kohl Building, San Francisco. Born in Santa Clara County, California, September 18, 1876. Son of Henry Godfrey and Nancy (Schell) Lillick. Married October 28, 1908^, to Stella Wakefield Jarvis. Attended Santa Clara High School and the Stanford LTniversity, re- ceiving the degree of A. B. in 1896. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1897 in San Francisco, and continues the active prac- tice of his profession to date. Member of the Union League Club, and San Francisco Bar Association. Republican. JESSE WAEREN LILIENTHAL. Eesidence, 2(t27 Sacramento Street; office. Flood Building, San Francisco. Born in New York, August 2, 1855. Son of Max and Josephine (Nettre) Lilienthal. Married De- cember 16, 1886, to Lillie S. Bernheimer. Moved to California, 1894. Eeceived his early education at the Woodward High ROY A. LINN. Eesidence, 1660 Eockwood Street; office, 526 Merchants' Trust Building, Los Angeles. Born in Monmouth, Hlinois, June 21, 1886. Son of E. C. and Louise (Seeberger) Linn. Moved to California in 1911. Educated in the public schools of Monmoutli, Illinois, graduating from the High School in 1904. 398 Bi OG I! A rmc AL In 190S graduated from Monmouth College with degree of A. B., and in 1911 from Yale Law School with degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Connecticut, June 20, 1911; Cali- fornia, November 27, 1911, and to the United States District Court for the Southern His- trict of California, January 29, 1912. Dcputy City Attorney of Los Angeles since November 27. 1911. Kepuhlican. WALTER H. LINFORTH. Residence. Menlo Park; ollice, Chronicle Building. Sau Francisco. Born in San Fran- cisco. November 10, 1869. Son of Edward H. and Ellen (Clarke) Linforth. Married September 4. 1904, to Josephine Payot. Edu- cated in the jmblic schools of San Francisco, and studied law in the otlice of Henry E. Highton, acting as managing clerk until 1892. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court in Sacramento, November, 1890. Entered into partnership with Grove L. .Tohnson and George E. Whitaker, practicing under the firm name of Johnson, Linforth & Whitaker for a short period. Practiced alone until 1911, when he entered into partnership with B. A. Herrington, which continues to date, practicing under firm name of Linforth & Herrington. Member of the Union League and Olympic clubs, and of the San Francisco Bar Association. Republican. GEORGE MORRIS LIPMAN. Residence, 14:^2 Stoiner Street; otlico, 812- 8.50 Pacific Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, September 25, 1879. Son of Morris and Rosalie (Hirschfield) Lipman. Received his education in the public and high schools of San Francisco and later Kent Law College. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco June 15, 1904. Practiced alone until October 1, 190(5, when he entered into partnership with Edgar C. Levey, under the firm name of Levey & Lii)man, which continues to date. Republican. MEYER LISSNER. Residence and ullico, Los Angeles. Born .Tune l(i, 1871, in San Francisco. Son of liOuis and Mathilda (Block) Lissner. Mar- ried Ermine Greenliood. Attended the jiub- lie schools of San Francisco and Oakland, Oakland High School, and later the Los An- geles Law School. Admitted to the bar at Los Angeles April 18, 1899. Commencoil the practice of law in partnership with Edgar W. Camp in 1899, under the firm name of Camp & Lissner, which continued until 1905, since which period he has practiced alone. Member of the Los Angeles Athletic and Union League clubs. Republican. WARREN E. LLOYD. Residence, 1H4 West T w e n t y- third Street; of- fice, 906 Central Building, Los An- geles. Born in Nebraska City, Nebraska, Febru- ary 28, 1869. Son of Lewis ^Marshall and Sarah Eliza- b e t h (Br amcl) Lloyd. Moved to California in 1SS7. Married February 16, 1898, to Caro- line Alma Good- man. E d ucated in Neosho, Mis- souri, Collegiate Institute, 1880-86; Ventura High School, 1892; University of California, Berkeley, 1892-95, graduating with degrees of B. L. and M. L.; University of Berlin, Ger- many, 1895; University of Munich, Germany, 1896"; Fellow Yale University, 1896-97, receiv- ing the degree Ph. D. in Philosophy. Admitted to the bar of California in 1899; to the United States Circuit and District Courts for the Southern District of California later Superior Court of Whatcom County, Washington, about 1900. Formed partnership with Judge I). P. Hatch at Los Angeles, November, 1908, under firm name of Hatch & Lloyd. Janu- ary. 1911, the firm became Hatch, Lloyd & Hunt, by the addition of Fred L. Hunt. Feb- ruary, 1912, the firm was changed, owing to the death of Judge Hatch, to Lloyd, Hunt. Cheney & Geibel, the new members being Harvey B. Cheney and Martin E. Geibel. BIOGRAPHICAL 399 Member of Delta Upsilon fraternity, Univer- sity Club of Los Angeles, and Los Angeles Bar Association. Lecturer on "Constitu- tional Law and Philosophy of Law" in Uni- versity of Southern California, Law School, Los Angeles. Published, in 1908, "Psychol- ogy, Xormal and Abnormal." Democrat. MAX LOEWENTHAL. Eesideuce, 1833 South Flower Street; of- fice, 414 "Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Bom in Germany, October 15, 1858. Son of Eev. Henrj- P. and Natalie (Schoenberg) Loewen- thal. Married July 7, 1889, to Laura Meyer. Came to California in 1868. Received primary education in the public schools of Germany and Sacramento. Graduated from the University of California in 1881 with degree of A. B., and from Hastings College of Law in 1884, with degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted the same year to the Supreme Court of California, and later to the United States District and Circuit Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. Came to Los Angeles in 1886. In 1903 formed a partnership with George J. Denis, which continues to date. Member of American, California and Los Angeles County Bar Associations, I. O. B. B. & University Club. Democrat. PERCY VINCENT LONG. Residence, 425 Lake Street; office, City Attorney's office, San Francisco. Born in Sonora. Tuolumne County, California, March 26, 1870. Son of William Giles and Mary Jane (Linekin) Long. Married May 30, 1900, to Emma B. Sexton. Educated in grammar school of Haywards, Alameda County, California, and Oakland High School. Admitted to the bar of California at Los Angeles, October 10, 1892. Deputy Clerk of the Supreme Court from 1891 until 1895. Justice of the Peace, San Francisco, 1901-3. City Attorney of San Francisco, 1904 to 1905 and 1908 to 1913. Member of the Bohemian and Commonwealth clubs, and N. S. G. W., Masonic, Scottish Rite, and B. P. 0. E. fra- ternities. Republican. STEPHEN G. LONG. Residence, Long Beach; office, 407- 410 First National Bank Building, Long Beach. Born October 1, 1864, in L o u i s v i 1 le, Kentucky. Son of Spencer C. and Cornelia (G a n o) Long. Married October 1, 1890. Received early education in pub- l i c schools f Louisville, K e n- tucky^ later enter- i n g Bethel Col- lege, Rnssellville, Kentucky, from which institution he gradu- ated in 1883, with degrees of A. B. and M. A. in 1885. Attended University of Virginia, 1883 to 1886, receiving degree of B. L. Ad- mitted to i^ractice in Circuit Court of Logan County, Kentucky, in 1885. Admitted to the bar of California, in the Supreme Court, in 1888. Commenced active practice of his pro- fession alone, locating in Los Angeles, where he practiced law for eighteen months alone. Then formed partnership with Frederick Baker, under the firm name of Baker & Long. Afterward formed partnership with Judge S. B. Gordon, under the firm name of Gordon & Long, which continued for three years, when a ijartnershii^ was formed with Frederick Baker, under the firm name of Long & Baker, during which time he moved to Long Beach, where he continues the practice to date. Served as City Attorney of that city four years, of two years each. Specializes in municipal law. Member of Masonic and Knights of Pythias fraternities, also of Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. CHARLES FAYETTE LOTT. Residence, 1407 Montgomery Street; office, 610 Bird Street, Oroville. Born in Pember- ton, near Mount Holly, Burlington County, New Jersej', on July 1, 1824. Son of Charles Francis and Edith Newbold (Lamb) Lott. Educated in private schools of Missouri first attending day school in St. Louis, and later St. Charles College. In 1840 entered the 400 B I G I! A P II I C A L University of St. Louis, ami grailuated there- from in iS45. Admitted *o practice in the state of Illinois. June o. 184S. by the Supreme Court of that state, and was associated in the oflSce of Charles Oilman until his removal to California the following year. Located in Hamilton, California, in the winter of 1850, and remained there in the practice of his pro- fession until December, 1S53, when he moved to Bidwell's Bar, the county seat having been moved there, and continued in the prac- tice until 1856, when he moved to Oroville, the county seat having been moved to that town. Since that period he has been in the active practice of his profession in Oroville. Served in the Senate of California in the od and 4th Sessions of the State Legislature in 1852 to 1854. In 1870 was elected judge of the 2d Judicial District, comprising the coun- ties of Butte. Tehama, Plumas and Lassen, and continued to serve in that office until 1876. Member of the Masonic fraternity and Knight Templar. Democrat. DAVIS LOUDERBACK. Residence, \-T2 Geary Street, Sau Fraiuisco. Born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, February 29, 1840. Son of Davis and Sophia Susanna (Anderson) Louderback. Married to Frances Caroline Smith in 1873. Received his educa- tion in the public schools of San Francisco. Read law in the office of Hall McAllister. Admitted to the bar of California, June, 1861, and commenced the active practice of his profession in association with .Judge John Satt^rlee, which continued until he was ap- pointed Prosecuting Attorney for the city of San Francisco. Held this office until 1872, when he was elected Police Judge of San Francisco, and continued until 1880. Con- tinued the practice of his profession, prac- ticing alone, until his retirement in January, 1909. Member of the Masonic. Knights of Pythias, and T. O. O. F. fraternities. Repub- lican. HAROLD LOUDERBACK. Residence. 1222 Geary Street; office. 420 Merchants Exchange Building, San Fran- cisco. Born Januarv 30. 1881, in San Fran- cisco. Son of Davis and Frances Caroline (Smith) Louderback. Graduated from the BIOGRAPHIC A L 401 Clement Grammar School, December, 1896, Attended Lowell High School for a short period and later Livermore Union High School. Graduated from the University of Nevada in June, 1905, with degree of A. B., and from Harvard University in 1908 with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the Massa- chusetts bar at Boston, Massachusetts, Febru- ary 21, 1908, and to the bar of California August 24th of the same year. Commenced the active practice of his profession Sej^tem- ber, 1908, and practiced alone until March, 1909, when he became associated with the firm of Mastick & Partridge, which continued until April, 1911. Since that date he has been attorney for the Surety Department of the Pacific Coast Casualty Company. Cap- tain of 4th Company, Coast Artillery Corps of California, 1911 to date. Member of the Harvard and Army and Navy clubs. Repub- lican. IRVIN CHARLES LOUIS. Residence, Alhambra; office, 410 H. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born De- cember 8, 1885, in Kewanee, Illinois. Son of Simon and Ada (Cheverton) Louis. Moved to California in 1908. Educated in the pub- lic schools of Illinois and graduated from Lewis Institute, Chicago, 1903. Received the degree of A. B. from the University of Michi- gan in 1906, and degree of LL. B. from the University of Southern California, College of Law, in 1909. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in 1909, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. In April, 1910, formed part- nership with A. M. Strong, which continues to date. Member of the Masonic order. CHARLES H. LOVELL. Residence, Piedmont, Alameda County; ofiice, Nevada National Bank Building, San Francisco. Born August 15, 1863, in Albany, New York. Son of Robert H. and Mary Ellen (Thompson) Lovell. Married Decem- ber 21, 1888, to Lillian B. Howell. Received his education in the schools of his native state, moving to California in 1870. Studied law in the ofSce of Samuel M. Wilson and Russell J. Wilson, and was admitted to the bar of this state in San Francisco in 1890. Admitted to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1897. Admitted to the firm of Wil- son & Wilson in 1901, the firm then consisting of Russell J. Wilson and Mountford S. Wil- son. Russell J. Wilson died May 1, 1905, and the partnership has since been continued by the surviving partners, under the same firm name. Member of the San Francisco Bar As- sociation and of the Athenian and Common- wealth clubs. EDGAR A. LUCE. Residence, 1744 Second Street; office, 206 Mc- Neece Building, San Diego. Born May 20, 1881, at San Diego, Cali- fornia. S n of Moses A. and Adelaide (Mant- auia) Luce. Grad- uated from San Diego High School in 1899, and from Stanford Univer- sity, May, 1905, with degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, June 22, 1905, at Los Angeles. Ap- pointed Deputy City Attorney of San Diego, 1909-10. Candidate for District Attorney of San Diego County, 1910. Is engaged in the practice of his profession as a member of the firm of Luce & Luce to date. Member of the University Club, N. S. G. W., and B. P, O. E. fraternities, and the San Diego Bar Association. Rejiublican. MOSES A. LUCE. Residence, 1744 Sec ond Street; office, McNeece B u i 1 d i ng, San Diego. Born i n Payson, Adams County, Illinois, May 14, 1842. Son of Chris- topher S. and Sarah G. (Pottle) Luce. Married December 20, 1870, to Adelaide M a ntania. En- tered Hillsdale College in 1859, r e m aining until 1861, when he en- listed for the Civil War. Re-entered college in 1864, graduating in 1866, with the degree of A. B., and in 1872 received the degree of A. M. Graduated from the Albany Law School in' 1867, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court at Albany, New York, in May, 1867; in the Supreme Court at Springfield, Illinois, in 1868; in the United States Circuit Court in 1871, and in the District Court of San Diego County, July, 1873. Moved to California in 1873, and was admitted by the Supreme Court of California in 1877. Served three years in tlie 4th Michigan Infantry, 1861-64. Elected 402 BIOGRA P H I C A L iudge of County Court of San Diego, 1S75-S1. in 1898 the firm of Luce & Sloane was formed, continuing until June, 1911, since which time he has engaged in the active prac- tice of his profession under the firm name of Luce & Luce. Member of Masonic bodies and Knights Templar. Republican. JOHN WESLEY LUTER. Ko-idence, 1710 ^V e s t Sixth Street; office, 64-5 South Hill Street, Los Angeles. Born in Mobile, Alabama. Novem- ber 21, 1882. Son of William H. and Margaret J . (Fairley) Luter. Educated in the grammar and high schools of native state, 1890-95, and Barton Acad- emy. Mobile, Ala- b a m a^ 1895-99. Served as clerk of the First National Bank of that city in 1900, taking business course of study in Mallison's Business College, Atlanta, Georgia, the fol- lowing year. From 1901 to 1906 studied law in Spragiie's Law School, also serving as stenographer and as chief clerk in engineer- ing, traffic and transportation departments of railroads in southern and western part of the United States and Mexico. Moved to Cali- fornia in October, 19t)6, when he commenced the study of law in the office of Judge Wm. A. Chenev. Admitted to practice in state court, July 23. 1909, at Los Angeles, and to the United States Circuit and District Courts October 4, 1909. Maintains offices in Los Angeles. Connected with Los Angeles Gas and Electric Corporation. Honorary member of Mobile Rifles. Member of Masonic bodies, Los Angeles Bar Association, and of Xopeia and Knickerbocker clubs. Patron of Orpheus Club. Democrat. EDWARD DEAN LYMAN. Residence, 2429 Juliet Street; office, 4(!3 Wright & Callender Building, Los Angeles. Born in Virginia City, Nevada, November 5. 1881. Son of Dean Briggs and Anna Louise (Dunlap) Lyman. Married April 5. 1905, to Eva Marian Wheeler. Graduated from Reno High School, Reno, Nevada, 1899. Entered Stanford University, graduating therefrom in 19(14, with the degree of A. B. Graduated from the University of Southern California, College of Law, in 1910, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles, January, 1909. Commenced the practice of his profession immediately upon admission in Los Angeles in the office of Lee & Chase until 1911. Formed partner- ship with C. W. Chase and Eugene Overton, January, 1911, which continues to date. Member of the Phi Delta Phi and the Sigma Alpha Epsilon fraternities, California and Los Angeles Country clubs. Masonic bodies, Shriner, Knights Templar, and Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. EDWARD J. LYNCH. Residence. 20S9 Golden Gate Avenue; office, 1012-1013 Mills Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in San Francisco, California, August 19, 1877. Son of Michael M. and Cecilia (McFarland) Lynch. Married to Benvenuta Grady, November 19, 1907. Grad- uated from the Mission Grammar School in 1S92, and the Lowell High School in 1895. Read law in office of W. F. Herrin. Asso- ciated with Southern Pacific Law Depart- ment, for five years. Admitted to the bar, June 12, 1901. Attorney for Public Admin- istrator of San Francisco, 19t)6-7. Prac- tices alone to date. Delegate to state and local republican conventions several times. Member of the Transportation and Ariel Rowing clubs. Knights of Columbus, N. S. G. W., and B. P. O. E. fraternities. President of the Pacific Association of Amateur Oars- men. Republican. PHILIP B. LYNCH. Residence, 910 Sonoma Street; office, 324 Georgia Street, Vallejo. Born in Vallejo, California, June 28, 1S72. Son of Philip Bernard and Mary Ann (Ryan) Lynch. Mar- ried October 26," 1898. to Minnie M. Clyne. BIOGRAPHICAL 403 Attended the parochial and public schools of Vallejo and later St. Joseph's Academy, Oak- land, and Santa Clara College, graduating therefrom in 1889. Admitted to the bar of California by the Third District Court of Ap- peals, in Sacramento, June 24, 1907. Member of the Board of City Trustees of Vallejo, 1900^2. President of Merchants' Association of Vallejo, 1900-1. Mayor of the city of Vallejo from 1902 to 1904. CHARLES W. LYON. Residence, Venice; office, 212 Exchange Building, Los Angeles. Born in Los Angeles, September 13, 1887. Son of James Henry and Laura Emma (Simpson) Lyon. Married Nancy P. Janney, September 21, 1911. Edu- cated in the public schools of Los Angeles and San Francisco. Studied law in the legal department of the Title Insurance and Trust Company, Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California in 1910. Republican. SAMUEL STEPHEN McCAHILL. Residence, Berkeley; office, Balboa Build- ing, San Francisco. Born in Warren County, Iowa, April 9, 1882. Son of Mathew and Catherine J. (Donovan) McCahill. Moved to California in April, 1902. Attended the grammar schools of Warren County, Iowa, and later the Drake University of Des Moines, Iowa. Received the degree of LL. B. from the University of Southern California in 1906, and the degree of LL. M. from Yale University in 1908. Admitted to the bar in Los Angeles January 16, 1906. With the Title Guarantee and Trust Company until 1907. Associated with the firm of Titus & Creed to date. Republican. HARRY STEPHEN McCALLUM. Residence, 1227 West 24th Street; office, 210 Story Building, Los An- geles. Born July 1.5, 1857, in Fair- field, Iowa. Son of John James and Mary Ann (Bates) McC a 1- lum. Moved to California in 1907. Married June 17, 1900, to Mary Jane Boyd. Edu- cated at the gram- m a r schools at Washington, D. C, and Omaha, Nebraska, and preparatory school of Tabor College, Tabor, Iowa. Aclmitted to the bar of Utah by the Supreme Court in 1892, and continued practice in Salt Lake City until 1897, when he removed to Houston, Texas, and was admitted to jn-aetice in that state. Admi-tted to the bar of Oregon in 1899, and practiced in Baker City for three years fol- lowing. After giving six years' attention to mining operations he returned to the practice of law and was admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in 1909. Chairman of County Repub- lican Committee, Alturas County, Idaho, 1884-85. Chairman of County Liberal Cen- tral Committee, Salt Lake County, Utah, 1888-94. President of Oquirrh Club, a polit- ical organization of Salt Lake City, 1894-96. President of Vermont Square Improvement Association of Los Angeles and of the United Improvement Association of the S. W., of Los Angeles, and Vice-president of Federated Improvement Association, 1910-12. Rejiubli- can. NEIL STEERE MCCARTHY. Residence, 825 West 32d Street; office, 529 Douglas Building, Los Angeles. Born in Phoenix, Arizona, May 6, 1888. Son of James and Mary (Enright) McCarthy. At- tended the parochial school in Phoenix from 1894 to 1896, public schools, grammar depart- ment, from 1896-1899; parochial school, 1900; public grammar school, 1900-03; high school, 1903-7; University of Michigan, 1907-10, graduating in that year with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of the state of Michigan, at Lansing, Michigan, June 28, 1910. Moved to the state of California and was admitted to the bar at Los Angeles in the same year and later to United States Dis- trict Court of Southern California. Member of the firm of James, Smith & McCarthy since .January, 1912. Member of the Knights of Columbus and Young Men's Institute. 404 BIO G R AL' 11 IV AL HERBERT S. G. McCARTNEY. Kesi.kMu-o, 'XW West Istli Street ; olH.-e, District Attorney's Otlic-e, Los Angeles. Born ill Springfield, Illinois, October 26, 1SG5. Son of Robert J. and Margaret S. (Greenwood) :MiCartney. Married Alice G. MeCaldin, in 1896. Educated in the common schools of his native town, and graduated from the high school of Maryville, Missouri, in ISSS. Moved to California in 1889, and admitted to the bar of (.'alifornia, in Los Angeles in 189o. In 191)2 elected to the Assembly and re- elected in 1904. Appointed Deputy District Attornev in 1905 and continues to hold that position to date. Appointed member of the State Commission of Revenue and Taxation from 19(1.1 until 1909. Elected to the State Senate in 19i!(j, from the 38th District, ^fem- ber of the Masonic fraternity. Republican. H. H. McCLOSKEY. Residence, Salada P.eacli; oflico, lll-± Crocker Building, Sau Francisco. Born April 7, 18G1, at Yreka, Siskiyou County. Son of John H. and Margaret (Harrison) Mc- Closkey. Married Januaiy 1, 188.5, to Emily M. Parinton. Received his early education in the public schools of Merced County. Ad- mitted to the bar February 7, 1885. Practices his i)rofession alone to date. Republican. VERNON CLARE McCOLLOUGH. Hesiileuce, 1111 South Alvarado Street; office, 610- 611 Title Insur- ance Building, Los Angeles. Born in Wichita, Kansas, .lanuary 20, 1886. Son of Dr. A. M. F. and I']mma A. (Mc C 1 e vathan) M c C o 1 1 u g h. Moved to Califor- nia in 1892 and attendqd the Har- v a r d M i litary School, Los An- gel es (1900-3), the University of Southern Califoniia (1903-4), Stanford Uni- versity, Palo Alto (1905-8), and the Univer- sity of Southern California, Law School, from 1908 until his graduation, in 1910. Studied law in the office of E. W. Freeman of Los Angeles, and was admitted to the bar of California, September 27, 1911, since which period he has been engaged in the active practice of his profession. Secretary to date of the following companies: McColIough In- vestment Company, California City Land Company. Alvarado Oil Company, and the .iacob Rancho Water Company. Member of tiie University Club, Masonic and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. Republican. FRANK D. McCLURE. Residence, 1250 Magnolia Avenue; office, 319-323 Douglas Building, Los Angeles. Born July 11, 1871, in Freemont County, Iowa. Son of Erastus B. and Harriett (Brittan) McClure. Moved to California in 1884. Married June 1, 1896, to Angle C. Xugent. Received his early education in the public schools in Tulare County. Graduateil from the Stockton Normal School, Stockton. In 1894 received the degree of B. S. from Valparaiso University, Indiana, ami in 1896 received the degree of LL. B., admitted to the bar of Indiana in 1S96, and to the bar of California the same year; later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Now practicing alone, specializing in corporation, oil, and mining law. Member of the Masonic order. Repub- lican. RALPH CLINTON McCOMISH. Residence, 553 North 4th Street; office, 43-45 Knox Block, San .lose. Born in Nolo, Pennsylva- nia, August ."I, 1877. Son of Nel- son and Martha Jane (Davis) Mc- Comish. Moved lo Cal i f o r n i a in 18 9 9. Attended the public and high schools of Tniliaiia and latiM- Indiana Norma 1 School, graduat- ing in 1897. At- tended the Leland Stanford Jr. University, receiving the degree of A.B. in 1903, and the degree of LL.B. in 1905. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco, March 16, 1904; United States Circuit Court, January 25, 1909; United States District Court, De- cember 2, 1908. Deputy County Clerk of Santa Clara County, January 1, 1906, to December 31, 1907. Commenced the practice of law in San Jose in partnership with Will M. Beggs. Janu- ary 1, 1908, under the firm name of Beggs & McComish, which continues to date. Member of Company "F," 5th Pennsylvania A'olunteer Infantry, iii 1898. Member of the B. P. O. E. and Masonic fraternities. Republican. BIOGRAPHICAL 405 PAUL JOHN Mccormick. - Eegidence, 1638 Cimarron Street; office, Hall of Justice, Los Angeles. Born in New York City, New York, April 23, 1879. Son of Daniel Joseph and Katherine Mary (Corcoran) McCormick. Moved to Califor- nia in 1887. Married June 26, 1908, to Mary Josephine Redmond. Eeceived his education in the Sisters' School at San Diego and the public and grammar schools of the same place; All Hallows, Salt Lake City, 1891- 92; St. Ignatius College, San Francisco, 1892-93; public schools in Los Angeles, 1893- 94; Los Angeles High School, 1894-98. Ad- mitted to the bar at Los Angeles by the Supreme Court of California, April 30, 1900. Also admitted to practice into the federal courts of Los Angeles. Assistant Librarian of Los Angeles County Law Library from 1898 to 1903. In civil practice "in Los Angeles with Max Loewenthal and alone from 1902 to 1905. Appointed Deputy District Attorney of Los Angeles County in 1905, serv- ing until July, 1910, when he was appointed Judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, being elected to the same office in November, 1910. Member of the JTniversity, Newman, Union League, Metropolitan, and Knickerbocker clubs of Los Angeles, Los An- geles Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles Countv Bar Association, Elks, Knights of Columbus, I. O. F., M. W. of A., and Y. M. I. Professor of "Criminal Law and Procedure" in the Department of Law of University of Southern California. Republican. CLIFFORD McCLELLAN. Residence, 320 Frederick Street; office, 410 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born Sep- tember 23, 1872, in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Son of R. Guy and Mary Louise (Baldwin) McCIellan. Moved to this state in 1873. Graduated from the Bay District School, Ala- meda County, in 1888. Graduated from the Berkeley High School in 1891, and from Hastings College of the Law in 1896, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar in 1896 at San Francisco, Cal. Associated with R. B. McCIellan, under the firm name of McCIellan & McCIellan, which continues to date. Secretary of Republican County Com- mittee, 1900-4. Chairman Cami^aign Com- mittee, 1909. Member of the Union League Club, B. P. O. E., California Society, Sons of the American Revolution. Republican. ROBERT BRUCE McCLELLAN. Residence, Keystone Apartments; office, 410 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born August 12, 1870, in San Francisco. Son of R. Guy and Mary L. (Baldwin) McCIellan. Married February 18, 1911, to Sophie Singer, of St. Louis, Missouri. Educated in the pub- lic and high schools of San Francisco and Berkeley and Hastings Law School, 1889 to 1892. Read law in the office of his father, R. Guy McCIellan. Admitted to the bar of California in 1892, when he entered into part- nership with his father, R. Guy McCIellan, under the firm name of McCIellan & Mc- CIellan, which continued until the decease of his father in 1896, when he formed partner- ship with his brother, Clifford McCIellan, under the firm name of McCIellan & McCIel- lan, which continues to date. Candidate for Superior Judge of San Francisco County in 1902 and 1910. Member cf Stanford Parlor No. 76, N. S. G. W. Republican. 406 BIOGPi APHIC AL WILIilAM D. McCONNELL. Kesidence, 109 South Hiii Street; office, 609-610 Chamber of Commeroe BuiUling. Los Angeles. Boru June 24, 1S66, in Indiana. Son of George and Elizabeth (Hunter) Mc- Connell. Educated in the public and high schools of Indiana. (Jraduated from Law De- tice in the Superior Court of Tehama County, California, in 1SS6. Elected District Attor- ney of Tehama County in the fall of 1S86, and served three terms, ending January 1, 1903. Admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of California in 19t)3. Since his admis- sion to the bar has practiced continuously partment of Valparaiso University, Indiana, May 31, 1893, with degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of Indiana, 1893; Illinois, 1893; California, October 15, 1901, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California, and L^nited States Circuit Court of Appeals for Ninth District. Practiced law in Galesburg, Il- linois, until 1898. Engaged in the practice of law in Los Angeles to date. Member of Company "C," 6th Regiment, I. X. G., at Pekin and Spring Valley. Illinois, during the riots of 1894. Served with the 3d U. S. V. Engi- neers, in 1898 and 1S99, at Havana and Mantanzas, Cuba, during the Spanish-Ameri- can War. Member of Masonic order and Metropolitan and Knickerbocker clubs. Re- publican. ALEXANDER McKEAN McCOY. Residence and office. Red Bluff, Tehama County, California. Born in Clark County, Missouri, June 9, 1852. Son of Joseph and Jane (McKean) McCoy. Moved to Califor- nia in 1876. Married December 2, 1885, to Hattie Muth. Attended Pleasant Hill Acad- emy, Clark County, Missouri, La Grange College, La Grange, Missouri and Christian University, Canton, Missouri, from which he graduated in June, 1874, with the degree of A.B., and later received the degree of A.M. from the same institution. Admitted to prac- in Tehama County and other counties and m the Supreme Court of the state and in the federal courts. Member of the firm of Mc- Coy & Cans since 1900. Member of the Ma- sonic and I. 0. O. F. fraternities. Democrat. LON STEPHENS McCOY. Res idence, 986 Gramercy Drive; office, 532-528 A m erican Bank Building, Los An- geles. Born in Orange. Cali- fornia, February 12, 1886. Son of John Craig and ]M a r J- 11 e s t c r (Rush) McCoy. Received his early education in Los Angeles Grammar Scliools, and for two and one-half years attended the Los Angeles Mili- tary Academy, later the Harvard Military School, and completed his education by at- tending the University of Southern Cali- fornia. Admitted to the bar of California at Los Angeles, July 22, 1908, and later to the L'nited States Circuit and District Courts BIOGRAPHICAL 407 of Southern California. In January, 1910, formed partnership with Ewald E. Selph, under firm name of McCoy & Selph, which continued until January, 1911, when he be- came a member of the firm of McCoy, Selph & Richards, which continues to date. Province President Phi Delta Phi fraternity; Member of the N. S. G. W., University and Los Angeles Athletic clubs. Republican. ALFRED F. MacDONALD. Residence, Ocean Park; office, 600 Bryson Building, Los Angeles. Born in Denver, Colorado, in 1889. Son of Frederick H. and Alice A. (Abbott) MacDonald. Moved to California in 1906 and received his education in the jjublic and high schools of Los Ange- les. Graduated from the University of South- ern California, Law Department, in 1912 with degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1910; United States Circuit and District Courts for Southern District of California in 1911, and practices in associa- tion with the firm of Davis & Rush to date. Republican. DONALD MITCHELL McDONALD. Residence, 3 2 1 South Bunker Hill Avenue; office, 411-416 San Fer- nando B u i Iding, Los Angeles. B r n January 7, 1840, in Toronto, Canada. Son o f Hon. Donald and Frances (Mitch- ell) McDonald. Married February 16, 1863, to Jane Morrow (deceased 1876); June, 1870, to Elizabeth Jane Hen ry (deceased Decemiaer, 1900). Educated by private tutors; Upper Canada College, 1849-56. Studied law in offices of McDonald Brothers, of Toronto, 1857-62. Admitted to the bar by the Law Society of Upper Canada as barrister at law, 1862, and received degree of barrister of law. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1889 and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Com- menced the practice of law in 1863 in Toronto, in partnership with Theodore Henry Spencer, under the firm name Spencer & McDonald, which continued for two years. Later mem- ber of firm McDonald, Badgers, Strathey & Nellis for six years. Moved to California in 1889, where, in Los Angeles for two years, he was a member of the firm of McDonald & Shaw, and one year with McDonald & Wynn, since which time he is engaged in the practice alone. Specializes in corpora- tion law. Member of Huron Rifles, Canada, I. 0. F. and A. O. F. Democrat. RICHARD HAYES McDONALD. Residence and office, 261 Pierce Street, San Francisco. Born in Sacramento, California, August 28, 1854. Son of Dr. R. H. McDonald and Sarah Mariah (Whipple) McDonald. At- tended the public schools of New York City, 1870-71. Studied medicine at Jena Univer- sity, Germany, i874. Graduated from Hop- kins Grammar School, 1875. Entered Yale University in 1877, receiving the degree of A. B. in 1881, and the degree of A. B., Harvard University. Treasurer of California State Board of Silk Culture in 1885. Admitted to the bar of California, 1898, since which date has been practicing alone in San Francisco. Member of the California Geographical So- ciety, and California Pioneer Society. In- dependent. ROBERT W. McDONALD. Residence, 585 North Hill Street; office, 207-208 Slavin Building, Pasadena. Son of Marshall and Elizabeth (Scott) McDonald. Born December, 1868, in Beaver County, Pennsylvania. Married in 1895 to Estelle Cor- son. Moved to California in 1897. Educated in the public schools of Pennsylvania. Stud- ied law in offices of Judge Waldo M. York, Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, April 9, 1901, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Appointed Assistant City At- torney of Pasadena, July, 1901. This office he resigned in 1906. Shortly afterward was appointed Police Judge of Pasadena and Jus- 408 B 1 a n A riiic a l tice of the Peace of Pasadena Township. County, New York. Son of Asa ami Eliza- Elected to office of .Instice of Peace in 1907. v,eth (Aytes) McDonald. Moved to Califor- Re-elected in lf>ll for a term of four years HJa in 1903. Married in 1S73 to Bessie Viola and still acts as Police .Imlue for the city of Dwight. Educated in the ]>ublic schools of New York State. Graduated from Bing- hampton Academy. Prepared for College at Cortland Academy, New York, and Cazanovia Seminary, New York. Graduated from Al- bany Law School, Albany, New York, in 18(i7 with the degree of B. L. Admitted to the bar of New York State, May, 1867, and to the bar of this state and the United States Circuit and District Courts in 1905. Prac- ticed law in Binghampton, New Y''ork, until he moved to Los Angeles, where he continues to the present time. Elected District At- torney of Broome County, New Y^^ork, 1874; re-elected to that office, 1877, serving two full terms. Sergeant in Company "K," 179th New Y'ork Infantry during the Civil War, and was captured at Petersburg, Virginia, October 1, 18()4, and held as prisoner of war jn Libby Prison, Richmond, Virginia, and Sailesbury, North Carolina, until March, ISfio. "Was honorably discharged at the close of the war, at Elmira, New York, June, 1865. Re- publican. ELMER R. Mcdowell. Residence, 9 2 1 Gramercy Drive; office, 408-416 A m crican B a n k Building, Los An geles. Born July 26, 1871, in Free- port, Illinois. Son of Elmer K. and Elizabeth Caroline (Baker) McDow- ell. Received his early education in the public schools of Illinois. Moved t o Calif orni;i i n 1893. Graduated from the Law Col- lege of the Uni- versitv of Southern California in 1906 with tiie degrP*^ of LL. B., and in 1909 with degree of LL. M. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in .luly, 1906, and for a short jieriod was in partnership with Charles E. Haas, but on the dissolution of that partnership prac- ticed alone and so continues to date. Mem- ber of the University and Union League and Gamut clubs. President of the Metropolitan club and member of tlic Knights of Pythias, Masonic, B. I'. <). K. .mil 1. O. O. F., frater- nities. Republican. DANIEL McFADZEAN. Residence, Los Angeles; office, (5(19-61 1 Cliam- Residence and office. Visalia. Born in 1867 ber of Commerce Building, Los Angeles. Born in Ontario, Canada. Son of William and July 20, 1845, at North Fenton, Broome Jean (McNeil) McFadzean. Married in Pasadena. Instigator of the [ilan of admin- istrating a cure for drunkards at the expense of the city. Member of Los Angeles Bar As- sociation, Masonic order, Scottish Rite 32°, K. O. T. M.. W. O. W., and Pasadena Board of Trade. Regent Ro.val Arcanum. Repub- lican. THEODORE F. McDONALD. BIOGEAPniC AL 409 1893 to Nell Owen. Educated in the public schools and Collegiate Institute of Canada. Studied law in San Francisco. Moved to California in 1888. Admitted to the bar of California in 1893. Member of the firm of Roth & McFadzean, in Visalia, until 1906, when he became member of the firm of Power & McFadzean, which continues to date. City Superintendent of Visalia schools for four years. District Attorney of Tulare County for eight years. Member of Ma- sonic order. Democrat. GILBERT A. McELROY. Eesidence, Wes- ton ia Apartments; office, 431 I. W. Ilellman Building, Los Angeles. Born January 13, 1875, in Fremont County, Iowa. Son of James A. and Flora E. (Mann) McElroy. Moved t California i n 1902. Married July 3, 1904, to Bright Wallace. Educated in the jiublie schools of Iowa, Iowa City A c a d e m y , and State University of Iowa. Received the de- gree of LL. D. in 1907 from Law Department of the National University, Washington, D. C. Admitted to the bar of Nevada, 1904; Dis- trict of Columbia, 1907; California, 1911, and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Prac- ticed law in Ely, Nevada, 1907-11. Sincu 1911 has been associated in the general prac- tice of law with E. G. Kuster. Member of 50th Regiment Iowa Volunteer Infantry dur ing Spanish War.' From 1S99 to 1906" mem- ber of 17th and 13th U. S. Infantry, resigning as First Lieutenant in 1906. Captain of Uni- form Rank, K. of P., in Nevada. GARRET WILLIAM McENERNEY. Residence, 2S98 Broadway; office, 1277 Flood Building, San Francisco. Born in Napa, Cali- fornia, February 17, 1865. Son of .John and Margaret Gunoude McEnerney. Married Au- gust 20, 1896, to Elizabeth, daughter of John S. and Ellen Barrett Hogan (died September 25, 1900) ; April 14, 1903, Genevieve, daughter of Will S. and Josephine Armstrong Davis Green. Educated in the public and private s&hools at Napa, 1871-78; Sacramento (Cali- fornia) Institute, conducted by the Christian Brothers, 1878-80; St. Mary's College, San Francisco, 1880-81, graduating with the degree of B. S. in 1881. Studied law at Napa from 1882 to 1886, with Spencer & Henning. com- posed of Dennis Spencer and W. F. Henning. Admitted to practice in the Superior Court of Napa County, February 17, 1886; Supreme Court of California, March 1, 1886. Removed to San Francisco February 22, 1886, and has resided there ever since. Employed in the law offitce of David McClure, 1886-89, In law partnership with Dennis Spencer, under the firm name of Spencer & McEnerney, 1889-92. Member of law partnership of Maxwell & McEnerney, with George H. Maxwell, 1892-93, From 1893 to 1895, in partnership with John A. Stanly, George R. B. Hayes and Henry W. Bradley, under the firm name of Stanly, Hayes, McEnerney & Bradley. Since 1895 has prac- ticed alone. Attorney for State and San Francisco Boards of Health from 189(3 to 1899. Regent of University of California since 1901. Member of the Pacific Union, University, Bo- hemian and Olympic clubs, of San Francisco. Democrat. MICHAEL JOSEPH McGARRY. Residence, 2123 Estrella Avenue; ofiiee, 530- 531 Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Born April 13, 1872, in Chicago, Illinois. Son of Daniel M. and Margaret (MeCaughan) Mc- Garry. Married May 10, 1898, to Mary Eva- line Quinlan. Moved to California in 1881. Received his early education in All Saints Parochial School, Chicago, Illinois; St. Vin- cent's College, Los Angeles; Clongowes Wood College, Dublin, Ireland, and graduating in 1894 from Notre Dame University, Notre Dame, Indiana, with degree of B. L. Ad- mitted to the bar of Indiana June 21, 1894, and to the bar of California October 9th, of the same year. Member of B. P. O. E., K. of C, Newman Club, and A. O. H. Repub- lican. 410 BIOGliAPIIIC AL C. L. McFARIiAND. Eesidence and office. Riverside. Born September 22, 1871. in Galesburg, Illinois. Son of John and Mary (Leavenworth) Mc- Farland. Moved to California in 1882. Mar- ried .Tune 1. 190.5, to .Tean A. Henderson. Educated in the public schools of California. Graduated from the University of California with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1897, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. In 1910 formed partnership with W. G. Irving, under the firm name of McFarland & Irving, which continues to date. Member of the Masonic order, Scottish Rite, Shrine, Knights Templar, and B. P. O. E. Republican. CHARLES McGAVIN. Residence, 111.3 South Magnolia Avenue; office, 601 I. W. Hellman Building, Los An- geles. Born in Sangamon County, Illinois, January 10, 1874. Son of .Tames and Mary (Farley) McGavin. Moved to California in 1912. 'Married February 21, 1912, to Anna Ford Johnson. Educated in the public schools of Springfield and High School of Mt. Olive, Illinois. Read law in the office of Orendorflf & Patton, Springfield, Illinois. Admitted to the bar of Illinois, .Tune, 1897; United States Supreme Court, March 1, 1906; California, May, 1912. Assistant City At- torney of Chicago from 1903 to 1904. Mem- ber of Congress from Eighth Illinois District, 1905 to 1909. Republican. JAMES SUMNER McGINNIS. Residence, 3-54 North 5th Street; office. Farmers Union Building, San Jose. Born in Tuscarawas County, Ohio, October 31, 1863. Son of John F. and Susan (Dotts) McGinnis. Married Edith Forrest in 1891. Attended the Western College, at Toledo, during 1881-82. Admitted to the bar, at Lincoln, Nebraska, in 1891. Moved to Cali- fornia and was admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in 1891. Commenced the practice of law in San .lose iu 1S92, and continues to date. PRANK McGOWAN. Residence, 206 Haight Street; office, Hum- boldt Bank Building. San Francisco. Born in Steilacoom, Washington. September 4, 1860. Son of Terrance McGowan and Ann (Rig- ney) ^McGowan. Moved to California in 1862. Married to Lena Blum September 28, 1889. Received his education in the public schools of San Francisco and Humboldt County, and l)y private tuition. Admitted to the bar in San Francisco. .Tanuary 8, 1883. Practiced law in Humboldt County until 1896. Has been engaged in practice in San Francisco since 1890. Now a member of the firm of McGowan & Westlake. Assemblyman 1887- 89 of Humboldt County. Senator from 1889 to 1897, Humboldt and Del Norte counties. Presidential Elector, 1900. Republican. T. J. K. MacGOWEN. Residence, 2628 Castro Street; office. 410- 412 Merchants Trust Building, Los Angeles. Born in Albany, New York. June 20, 1884. Son of P. F. and Elizabeth (Kennedy) Mac- Gowen. Moved to California in 1884. Graduated from the Pasadena High School in 1901, and attended the University of Southern California, Law School, graduating with the degree of LL.B. in 1907. Admitted BIOGRAPHIC A L 411 to the bar June 16, 1906, at Los Angeles, and later to the United States Circuit Court of Northern District of California and United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. Member of the firm of Mac- Goweu Sc Haas to date. Republican. GEORGE A. McGOWAN. Eesidence, Keystone Apartments; office. 3i02-304 Bank of Italy Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in Areata, Humboldt County, California. Son of P. Henry and Martha Jane (Whaley) McGowan. Married to Irma Ellis Abercrombie, March 12, 1908. Attended the public schools of this state, and later took a business course at the San Francisco Business College. Studied law in the office of Henry E. Highton, and was admitted to the bar of this state by the Supreme Court, December 29, 1897. Commenced the active practice of his profession alone, continuing until 1906, when he entered into partnership with Alfred L. Worley, under the firm name of McGowan & Worley, which continues to date. Admitted to all courts having juris- diction in this state. Member of the legisla- ture, 1905-6. Chairman of the Republican County Convention of San Francisco, 1905. Chairman of the San Francisco delegation in the Assembly, and as such handled all the emergency legislation following the disaster of 1906. ' Member of the Masonic and N. S. G. W. fraternities. Republican. MILES WILSON McINTOSH. Eesidence, 910 Steiuer Street; office, 725 First National Bank Building, San Fran- cisco. Born September 27, 1866, in Milo, Piscataquis County, Maine. Son of Elislia and Helen M. (Wilson) Mcintosh. Married December 12, 1900, to Netta C. Lawrence. Educated in the public schools of Maine, and Business College of Portland, Maine. Ad- mitted to the bar of the state of Maine, at Dover, Piscataquis County, Maine, Septem- ber 26, 1889. Elected County Attorney for Piscataquis County in 1890; re-elected in 1892 and again in 1894. Moved to California in 1895. Engaged in active practice of his profession in San Francisco to date. Repub- lican. ROBERT MAURICE McHARGUE. Residence, Penn- sylvania Avenue, Colton; office, 412 3d S tr e e t , San Bernardino. Born August 2, 1883, in P u 1 a ski County, Kentucky. Son of S. A. and Tecie Jane (Phelps) McHargue. Mar- ried August 30, 1911, to Katie Sue M r r i s. Grad- uated from Dudley High School at Lexington, K e n- tucky, June, 1900. Attended Ken- tucky State Uni- versity, 1900-2. Graduated from the Law College of Southern California University, June, 1907, four years after moving to this state. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia at Los Angeles, July 1, 1907, and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Com- menced the active practice of his profession immediately upon admission in Los Angeles, continuing to practice in that city until December, 1908, when he moved to San Ber- nardino. City Attorney of Colton, 1910-12, Appointed Deputy District Attorney of San Bernardino County July 1, 1911, and continues to serve in that office to date. Member of the Masonic fraternity and San Bernardino County Bar Association. Republican. PETER GEORGE McIVER. Residence, 10 9 Church Street ; office, 4 City Hall Block, Redlands. Born October 24, 1864, South Cove, V i c toria County, Nova Scotia. Son f Angus .John and Christy (Me- 1 v 6 r ) M; c Iver, M a r r ied August 18, 1891, to Amy Rhodes. Edu- cated in the public school at South Cove, V i c t r ia County, Nova S c tia. Studied spare time for about law at home durinw- 412 B I G R A I' II I C A L four years, and later attended Kent Law School in San Francisco. Graduated from that school in June. llHiS. Admitted to the bar of California at Los Angeles, before the District Court of Appeal, Second Dis- trict, July 22, 190S. Commenced the prac- tice of law in Redlands, California, in 1908, and has sinee practiced his profession in that city alone to date. .Justice of Peace of Redlands since January, 1911. Member of Odd Follows fratiTiiity. Kcpuhliraii. GEORGE LEMUEL McKEEBY. Residence. 13 9 North Vine Street. Ho lly- wood; office 616 California Build- ing. Los Angeles. Bom December 2.3, 1878. in Ventura, California. Son o f Judge Lemuel Clarke and Carolina Augusta (S a m p s on) Mc- K e ebv. Married J u 1 V* 19 9, to Anna F. Hubbell. Educated in the Los Angeles High School, and stud- ied law in the office of his father. .Judge L. C. McKeeby. in IjOs Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California April. 1897. and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Practiced law in partnership with his father, under the firm name of McKeeby & McKeeby, until May. 1899, when he enlisted and became Second Lieutenant. Afterward promoted to F^rst Lieutenant of Battery "D." 1st Battalion Cal- ifornia Heavy Artillery, serving in the Phil- ippine Islands until .July, 1899. In October of that year he resumed his practice in part- nership with his father. In 1902 appointed Assistant United States Attorney, which of- fice he held until 1906, when he resumed the practice of his profession. In 1912 formed jiartnership with .lames B. Redd, under the firm name of McKeeby & Redd, which con- tinues to the present time. Member of Union League and L. A. Athletic clubs. B. P. O. E.. Los Angeles Bar Association, Masonic bod- ies. Knights Templar and Shriner. Past President of Romona Parlor, X. S. G. W. Republican. JAMES WILFRED McKINLEY. Residence, 508 West Adams Street; office. 4.32 P. E. Building, Los Angeles. Born April 24, 1857. in New Castle, Pennsylvania. Son of August Samuel and Harriet Xewell (Simp- son) McKinley. Married Lillian Elder Oc- tober 7, 1886.* Moved to California in 18S.3. Attended the public schools of New Castle from 1S65 to 1876; the University of Penn- sylvania, 1876-77; the University of Michi- gan, 1877-79, receiving the degree of B. S. in 1879. Admitted to the bar of Pennsylvania, at Xew Castle, September, 1881. Moved to California in 1SS3 and was admitted to prac- tice in that year. Formed partnership with J. F. Hutton. under the firm name of Hutton & McKinley, which was dissolved in 1884. Associated with W. T. Williams in 1886, un- tler the firm name of Williams & McKinley. Appointed Judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County, serving from 1889 to 1897. Associated with M. L. Graff from 1897 to 1899. Elected City Attorney of Los An- geles for two years, beginning 1883. Chair- man of Republican Delegation to National Convention at Chicago in 1904. Chairman of Republican State Convention at Santa Cruz in 1906. Member of the California, Jonathan and University clubs of Los An- geles and of the Union League and Uni- versity of California Clubs of San Francisco. Attorney for the Southern Pacific Company and chief counsel for the Pacific Electric Company. Republican. CHARLES SUMNER McKELVEY. Residence. 1913 L'nion Avenue; office, 606-607 Cit- izens N a t i n al Bank B uilding, Los Angeles. Born February 17. 18 5 9, in Sparta, Illinois. Son of Samuel Wyley and Theresa '(M c- Guire) McKelvey. Married May 3*0. 1887. to Elizabeth Gaud. Moved to California Decem- ber 6, 1887. Edu- cated in the pub- lic schools of Sparta, Illinois. Graduated from Knox Col- lege, Galesburg. Illinois, in 1884 with degree of A.M. Attended Law Department of Washington I'niversity. St. Louis, Missouri, 1886. Admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1887; California, 1888. and later to the I'nited States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California, and United States Supreme Court. Commenced the practice of law in 1888 in Santa Ana. Moved to Los Angeles in 1898, where he engaged in the practice alone until 1911, when he formed partnership with A. W. Sorenson, under the firm name of McKelvey & Sorenson. which continued until January 1, 1912. Captain of Company *"L," 8th Regiment Infantry, N. G., 1884-87.* Mem- ber of California legislature. 1895. Major N. G. C. for two years. Member of Masonic order, and K. of P. fraternity. Republican. BIOGRAPHICAL 413 CATHERINE ANNA McKENNA. Eesideuce, 5 3 West Twenty-first Street; office, 356- 358 Wilcox Build- i n g, Los Angeles. Born in Taunton, M ass achusetts, August 30, 18 7 5. Daughter o f .lames and Han- nah (M ahoney) Hickey. Married John Irving Mc- Kenna September 10, 1906. Ee- moved to Calit'or- n i a in 1902. At- tended p u blic schools of Col 0- rado, and graduated from State Normal School at Greeley, Colorado, in 1896. Taught school five years following. Studied law with her husband. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court January 17, 1912, receiving credit of ninety-nine per cent on examination, and the first woman to be admitted to practice in this state since the passage of the suffrage amendment. JOHN IRVING McKENNA. Residence, 5 3 West Twenty-first Street; office, 356- 358 Wilcox Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born in Santa Barbara, Califor- nia, April 3, 1873. Son of John and Anna (Keegan) McKenna. M a r- r i e d C a therine Hickey September 10, 19 6. A t- tended the public schools f Santa Paula, Ventura C u nty, Califor- nia, and Santa Paula Academy and High School; later the University of Southern California. Studied law in the office of Jones & Weller, Los An- geles. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court in Los Angeles, April 10. 1900; to practice before the United States De- partment of the Interior, December 28, 1901; to the District Court of the United States for the Southern District of California, April 26, 1902; to the United States Circuit Court, Oc- tober 28, 1904. Commenced the practice of law in Los Angeles and continues alone to date. Served in the National Guard of Cali- fornia for fifteen years. Captain of Company "F," 7th Regiment, for five years. Served in the war with Spain as Second Lieutenant of Company "E," 7th California Volunteers. Re- tired with rank of Major in N. G. C. with ten year service medal. Past Commander of the United Spanish War Veterans. Member of Modern Woodmen of America, Major in Uni- form Rank. Republican. BENJAMIN LOUIS McKINLEY. Residence, 1657 Washington Street; office. United States Attorney's Office, Postoffice Building, San Francisco. Born July 26, 1874, in San Francisco. Son of Benjamin Frank- lin and Mary Alice (Daly) McKinley. Re- ceived his early education in the public schools of San Francisco, and graduated from Clement Grammar School in 1888. From 1888-93, attended St. Ignatius College, grad- uating Avith the degree of Bachelor of Arts in the latter year, the degree of Master of Arts being conferred in 1908. Graduated from Hastings College of Law with degree of LL.B. in 189'6. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco, M&j, 1896; to the United States District Courts, August, 1896, and to the Supreme Court of the United States, March, 1901, the same year being admitted to the United States Circuit Court and the United States Circuit Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit. Was for a period of five years associated in the practice of his pro- fession with Elijah B. Cutler, severing that connection to accept present position of As- sistant United States District Attorney for Northern District of California, which office he has held since July 26, 1901. Promoted to office of First Assistant, Januarv 1, 1911. Member of Young Men's Institute, B. P. O. E.. N. S. G. W., Knights of Columbus, Alumni Association of St. Ignatius College, the New- man Club, and others. Republican. 414 B I G R A PH IC A L JAMES STEWART McKNIGHT. Kesideuee, 4240 South Flower Street; of- fice, 401-402 U. \V. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born November 15, 1883, in Green Bay, Wisconsin. Sou of Joseph and Kath- erine A. (Blasuis) McKnight. Moved to California in 1896. Educated in the Los Angeles grammar and high schools. At- tended Occidental College in 1904. Gradu- ated June 18, 190S. from the University of Southern California. College of Law, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California June 22, 1908. Member of Los Angeles Athletic Club and Phi Delta Phi fraternity. Republican. ALEXANDER CAMPBELL McLAUGHLIN. Residence and office. Yuba City; born De- cember 12, 18.57, in New Germantown, Penn- sylvania. Son of Ephraim and Lucinda Ann (Campbell) McLaughlin. Married June 9, 1885, to Hattie C. Harden. Took scientific course at Shippensburg, Pennsylvania. Normal •School, and graduated from that institution. Studied law in the office of Judge Barnett of New Bloomfield, Pennsylvania, and moved to California in 1884, being admitted to the bar of this state in 1887. Commenced the active practice of his profession in Yuba City, and continues in the active practice to date. In 1892 was elected District Attorney of Sut- ter County, California, and held that office until 190.3, in which year he was elected to California Assembly from Sutter County. Principal of schools of Yuba City from 1889 to 1892. Member of the Masonic and I. O. 0. F. frateriiitios. Republican. CHARLES EMMETT McLAUGHLIN. Residence. 1930 22d Street; office, People's Bank Building. Sacramento. Born in La Porte, Plumas County, California, in 1861. Son of .John and Mary (.John) McLaughlin. Married November 18, 1890. to Evalina Ben- ner. Education received in the public schools of California. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in Quincy. Plumas County, June 20, 18S7, before the Superior Court. Elected District Attorney of Plumas County, serving from 1886 to 1890. Admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of the state in Sacra- mento. November 11, 1889. Elected Judge of Superior Court of Plumas County. 1896-1905. Associate Justice of District Court of Appeal, 3d District. 190.5-6. President of the Cali- fornia State Bar Association. 1911. Grand President of Native Sons of Golden West, 1904. President of Quincy Western Railway, Sacramento Country Club, and Sacramento Swimming Baths Company. Appointed by Governor Johnson member of commission to select site for State Reformatory for first of- fenders. Member of B. P. O. E. and N. S. G. W. fraternities and Sutter Club of Sacra- mento. Democrat. JOHN J. McMAHON. Residence, 519 Maple Avenue; office, 412- 415 Higgins Building. Los Angeles. Born August 31, 1882, in Wethersfield. Connecticut. Son of .James and Ivatherine (Taft) Mc- Mahon. Received his education in Wethers- field High School, moving to California in October. 1903. and in 1907 entered the Uni- versity of Southern California, College of Law. graduating in 1911. with the degree of BIOGRAPHICAL 415 LL.B., and degree of LL.M. in 1912. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in June, 1911, and later to United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California, and is now engaged in the active practice of his profession in Los Angeles. EDWIN T. McMURRAY. Residence, 235 Sth Avenue; office, 717 Bal- boa Building, San Francisco. Born August 23, 1876, in Woodland, Yolo County, Cali- fornia. Son of Thomas Graham and Helen Theresa (Hadley) McMurray. Attended grammar school at Woodland, and later graduated from the San Jose High School and Hastings Law College in 1901. Admit- ted to the bar, at San Francisco, May 22, 1901. Commenced the practice of his pro- fession in San Francisco and continues alone to date. HERBERT LEMUEL McNAIR. Residence, 1012 Beacon Street; office, 501 P. E. Building, Los Angeles. Born August 5, 1867, in Tecumseh, Michigan. Son of David and Lucinda (Sharp) McNair. Edu- cated in the Tecumseh High School and grad- uated from the Columbian Law School, Wash- ington, D. C, 1888, with the degree of LL.B., and received the degree of LL.M. in 1889. Admitted to the bar of the District of Colum- bia in 1889; Colorado, 1890; California, 1909; United States Supreme Court, 1903, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. In partnership for seven years with J. M. Downing, in Aspen, Colorado. Afterward with E. C. Stimson. In 1898 moved to Denver, where he practiced his profession until 1908, when he moved to Los Angeles, where he continues alone to date. WILLIAM THAYER McNEELY. Residence, 3858 Larissa Drive; office, 918- 920 Title Insurance Building, Los Angeles. Born July 20, 1879, in Oakland, California. Son of Malachi Tolan and Persis (Thayer) McNeely. Married June 12, 1907, to Anna M. Gustafson. Educated in the common schools of California. Graduated from the University of California, Law Department, with the degree of B. L., in June, 1910. Ad- mitted to practice in all courts of the state of California, .June 20, 1910. Republican. FREDERICK WILLIAM McNULTY. Residence, 2049 Devisadero Street; office, 319 Chronicle Building, San Francisco. Born in Table Bluff, Humboldt County, California, March 7, 1881. Son of Jerry and Bertie (White) McNulty. Attended the Fortuna public and high schools, Eureka high and later Drake University, Des Moines, Iowa. Entered Stanford University and graduated therefrom in 1910 with the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of California at Sacra- mento, by the Appellate Court, July 13, 1910, since which date he has practiced alone. Republican. PAUL H. McPHERRIN. Residence, 1551 Orange Street; of- fi c e, 10 1 7-1023 Union Oil Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born November 11, 1876, in C 1 0- rinda, Page County, Iowa. Son f William and Fan nie (Harris) McPherrin. Mar- ried December 15, 190 4, to Lulu Cooke. Attended public schools o f Iowa and Ne- b r a ska, graduat- ing in 1898 with the degree of L.B. from Nebraska Wesleyan University and from the University of Ne- braska in 1900, receiving the degree of B.L. Admitted to the Supreme Court of Nebraska in 1900, and to California April 16, 1902, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Practiced law in Los Angeles, associated with Hon. Ed- win A. Meserve. Member of the Jonathan Club, Los Angeles Bar Association and Phi Delta Phi fraternity. Republican. 416 BIOGEAVIllCAL HENRY CLAY McPIKE- Residence, 127l» l->anklin Street. Oakland; office. Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born June 25, 1857. in San Jose, California. Son of John Miller and Mary (Crane) Mc- Pike. Attended Napa Collegiate Institute, 2saj>a City. California, in 1874; California Military Academy, Oakland; St. Helena and Vineland public schools, Xapa County, 1875, and Hastings College of Law, from 1878 to 1881, graduating in the latter year with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of this state at Sacramento, Novem- ber 10, 1879. Practiced in San Francisco until April. 190fi, when he moved to New York City and jiracticed there for one year, assisting in the defense of Harry K. Thaw. Returned to San Francisco, and continued the practice of his profession here. In partner- ship at various times with Edgar F. Preston. Peter F. Dunne, Joseph .T. Dunne and D. M. Delmas. Assistant United States Attorney. Northern District of California, from Decem- ber 20, 188fi. until March .31. 1888, when he resigned. Member of the Lawyers' Club of New York City and San Francisco Bar As- sociation, Democrat. JOHN COBB MACFARLA.ND. Residence, 264-1 Portland Street; office, 1021 Trust and Savings Building, Los An- geles. Born in Lincoln, Nebraska. February 14, 1885. Son of John D. and Nannie (Cobb) Macfarland. Moved to California in 1900. Attended Harvard Military School, Los Angeles, and later Stanford University, where he graduated with the class of 1907, and received the degree of A. B. Attended Harvard Law School. Admitted to the bar of California in February, 1910. Member of the Los Angeles County Bar Association and University Club. Republican. LAURENCE MACOMBER. Residence, 3 6 4 Palmetto Drive, Pasadena; office, 505-506 Security Building, Los An- geles. Born in Boston, Massachu- setts, May 21, 1885. SonofCJeo! A. an d H a r riet (Osgood) Macom- ber. Moved to this state, 1899. Married in 19 8 to M a i d e Wall. Educated at Throop Polytech- nic Institute, Pas- adena, California. Ut(i6. and Stanford University, 1906-9. Ad- mitted to the bar of California at San Fran- cisco, April 14. 1909; United States District and Circuit Courts, Southern District of Cali- fornia. February 20, 1911. Associated with Judge S. C. Denson. San Francisco, 1908-10. Member of the California Bar and San Fran- cisco Bar Associations, 19r9-10; also of the City Club of Los Angeles, Valley Hunt Club of Pasadena, and the Phi Delta Theta frater- nity. Republican. JAMES WISEMAN MACDONALD. Residence, 2625 South Figueroa Street; of- fice, 509-512 Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Born in 1866 in Mazomanie, Wisconsin. Son of Allan and Eleanor (Wiseman) Macdonald. BIOGRAPHIC A L 417 Married June 23, 1892, to Jane Boland. Parents moved to Wisconsin from tlie High- lands of Scotland in 1853. After his father's death in 1869, went to England with Ms mother, remaining there until 1891. Edu- cated in Grant School, Burnley, Lancashire, England. Moved to California in 1891. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1892, and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. En- gaged in the general practice of law in Los Angeles to date. Legal adviser for the Catholic Bishop of Monterey and Los Angeles. Former lecturer on "Corporations" at the University of Southern California, College of Law. Trustee of the Los An- geles Bar Association, 1905-6. Member of Knights of Columbus; Newman and Cali- fornia clubs. Republican. STEWART F. MACFARLANE. Eesidenee, 1515 South Hope Street, Los An- geles; office, 433 Douglas Building, Los An- geles. Born in Wanape, Pennsylvania, April 7, 1874. Son of Stewart and Mary A. (Fair- less) Macfarlane. Married Saidee E. Ellis, June 15, 1899, and moved to California in the same year. Graduated from the Phillips Andover Academy in 1897, and from the New York Law School in 1899. Admitted to the bar at Los Angeles in October, 1899. Practiced his profession in Los Angeles to date. JAMES A. MACKENZIE. Residence, 2402 Steiner Street; office, 523 Balboa Building, San Francisco. Born in Stockton, California, December 2, 1877. Son of Rev. Robert and Lydia (McLeod) Mac- kenzie. Married October 4, 1902, to Maud Sparks. Attended the Urban School and Boys' High School, San Francisco, and gradu- ated from Princeton University in 1899 with the degree of A. B., and later attended the University of California (Law Department). Admitted to the bar of California, March, 1900, and practiced his profession for two years in the office of Wm. M. Pierson, and later in partnership with Francis V. Keesling, under the firm name of Keesling & Mackenzie, which continued until 1904.. In 1905 practiced in partnership under the firm name of Camp- bell, Metson & Campbell, which continued until 1907, when the firm name was changed to Campbell, Metson, Drew, Oatman & Mac- kenzie, which continued until 1910, when the firm name was again changed to Metson, Drew & Mackenzie, which continues to date. Mem- ber of the Bohemian, University and Olympic Clubs. Republican. I.AFAYETTE JACKSON MADDUX. Residence, Modesto, California; office, Courthouse, Modesto. Born August 14, 1854, in Missouri. Son of John Parker and Serena (Gibson) Maddux. Married February 3, 1879, to Mary Blythe Simmons. Moved to Sonoma County, California, in 1857, and re- ceived early education in public schools of that state. Attended Pacific Methodist Col- lege of Santa Rosa, 1872 to 1876. Entered Harvard Law School in 1876, from wiiich he graduated in 1878, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California December 15, 1879, and to the United States District and Circuit Courts. Commenced the practice of his profession in Winnemucca, Nevada, where he remained for only a short time, re- moving to California in 1880. From 1880 to 1881 partner with J. C. Simmons, firm name of Maddux & Simmons; 1885 to 1886 partner of J. R. Kittrell, firm name of Kittrell & Mad- dux; 1887 to 1888 partner of W. E. Turner, firm name of Turner & Maddux; 1900 to 1901 partner of C. A. Stonecifer, firm name of Maddux & Stonecifer; 1905 to present time, partner of Parker S. Maddux, firm name of Maddux & Maddux. Located at Modesto, where he practices to date. Elected District Attorney of Stanislaus County in 1902, in which office he serves to the present time. Member of the Harvard Club of San Fran- cisco and B. P. O. E. fraternity of Stockton, No. 218. Democrat. FRANK DELINO MADISON. Residence, San Rafael; oHice, 1101 Kohl Building, San Francisco. Born in San Fran- cisco, April 18, 1867. Son of John Henry and Kate N. (Cooke) Madison. Married Grace I. Pierce, June 12, 1894. Graduated from the Grammar School in 1881 and High School in 1884. Entered Hastings College of Law in 1889 and graduated in 1892. Admitted to the bar of California in 1892, and studied law in 418 BlOG li A r Jl IC A L the otiice of K. S. IMllsbiiry t'roin 1SS9 to lS9(i, when he beoaine a member of tlio firm, under the name of Pillsbury, Madison & Sutro, whii-li continues to date. Member of Pacific I'nion Chib. Republican. JAMES G. MAGUIRE. Residence. I'l.":.' Uroderick Street; office. Hund)oldt Bank Building. San Francisco. Born in Boston, Massachusetts. February 22, 18o;i Son of Felix and Catharine Maguire. Moved to California in ]8o4. Married March 6, 18S1. to Louisa J. .Joyce. Educated in the public schools and privjitc scliool of ,Tosei)h K. Fallon, of Watsonville, California. Taught school for a year and a half. Ad- mitted to the bar of California on January 14, 1878. Elected to the state legislature from San Francisco in 187.1, serving during twenty-first session. Elected judge of the Su|)erior Court in 1882 for a term of six years, and on leaving the bench practiced law for four years and was elected in November, 1892, as a Democrat to National House of Representatives. Re-elected in 1894 and again in 1896. Nominated for governor on Democratic ticket in 1898. Since leaving Congress has been in active practice of his profession in San Francisco. "Was in ]iiirt nership with Jas. L. Gallagher, under the firm name of Maguire & Gallagher, from January, 1899, until January, 190.3, and with J. T. Haux, Carl E. Lindsay and E. G. Barrett, from June, 1904. until June, 1908, under the firm name of Maguire. Lindsay, Haux & Barrett. Advocate of Single Tax. and is president of the Single Tax League. Democrat. DAVID F. MAKER. Residence a n d office, W a t s o n- V i 1 1 e. Born i n "Watsonville, N o- vember 10, 1 8 (3 6. Married Marie E. Bruegel, June 2 'A, 1807. p]ducated in the public schools of Wat sonville. Santa Cruz, and Sacramento, Cali- fornia, and later the University of Michigan, gradu- a t i n g therefrom in 18 9 5 with de- gree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar by the Suprenu' (Hurt of California in the same year and to the United States Dis- trict Court and United States Circuit Court. City Attorney of Watsonville from 1893 until 1903. Member of the B. P. O. E. and Mystic Shrine fraternities. Rei>ublican. KIRBY SMITH MAHON. Resideiicc and office, ^'ul)a City, Sutter County. Born in Dyersburg, Tennessee, Sep- tember 2, 1862. Son of William Jackson and Phoebe G. ("U'ood) Mahou. Married May 20, 1891, to Elizabeth A. Rennie. At- tended public school in Tennessee and on arrival in this state, December, 1875, at- tended public schools in Gilroy and Merced five years. In November, 1881, entered Pa- cific Methodist College at Santa Rosa, grad- uating on May 20, 1885, with degree of Ph. B. In 1886 entered law office of S. .1. Stobler, at Yuba City, where he studied for eight months. Admitted to the bar of Sutter and Yuba counties, August, 1888. The same month was nominated for office of District Attorney of Sutter County on Democratic ticket and was successful in the fall election; re-elected in 1890. Upon the expiration of this term coinmenced practice of his pro- fession at Yuba City, with Lawrence Schil- lig, present District Attornej' of that city, which jiartnership continued until January, litii;!. Klected Judge of Superior Court of Sutter County in November, 1902, and again in November, 1908, in which position he serves to date. Democrat. SETH MANN. Residence. 2(i2(i Union Street; office, 1203 IMcrchants Exchange Building, San Francisco. Horn in Randolph, Massaciiusetts, June 29, 1S{;(I. Son of Levi and Abb}'' Allen (Spear) INIann. Moved to the state in I860. Mar- ried Maud L. D.-uiltoii June 24, 1890. Re- J BIOGBAFHIC AL 419 ceived his early education iu San rrancisco public schools and later graduating from the Boys' High School in 1877, and from the Uni- versity of California with the degree of A.B. in 1881. Read law in office of Jos. P. Hoge. Admitted to the Supreme Court of Califor- nia, at San Francisco, iu 1883. Later to the United States District Court and United States Circuit Court at San Francisco and to the United States Commerce Court and United States Supreme Court at Washington, D. C, in 1911. Attorney for the Pacific Coast Jobbers and Manufacturers Association and the Traffic Bureau of Merchants Ex- change. Chairman of Democratic State Cen- tral Committee, 1898-1900. Member of the Bohemian, Commonwealth, Family, and San Francisco Commercial clubs and Masonic fra- ternity. Democrat. J. E. MANNING. Residence San Anselmo; o ffi cf., Pacific Building, San Franc isc o. Born in Oakland, October 3, 1874. Son of Andrew and Mary (Ke- h e ) Manning. Rec eived his early education in the public schools and later entered Sacred Heart Col- lege of San Fran- cisco. In 18 9 1 entered St. Mary's College and grad- uated in 18 9 2. Entered Hastings College of Law in 1892 and received the degree of LL.B. in 1895. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1895 and commenced the active practice of his pro- fession in association with Fisher Ames. In June, 1898, engaged in active service in the Spanish-American War. Upon his leaving the service, entered into partnership with Fisher Ames, which continues to date, under the firm name of Ames & Manning. Member of the N. S. G. W., Western Spanish War Veterans, and Elks. CHARLES McFERSON MANNON. Residence and office, Ukiah. Born Octo- ber 12, 1876, in San Luis Obispo. Son of J. M. and Mattie A. (Clark) Mannon. Married July 31, 1903, to Eva L. Bramlet. Received his early education in the grammar school of Ukiah and later attended Boone's I^niver- sity School at Berkeley. Attended Stanford Univeriyty and graduated therefrom in 1898 with the degree of A.B. and later from Hast- ings College of Law with the degree of LL.B., in 1900. Admitted to the bar of California in May, 1900, and commenced the active practice of his j^rofession in San Fran- cisco, associated with John H. Dickinson, which continued until January 1, 1903, when he moved to Ukiah. Entered into partner- ship with his father, James M. Mannon, prac- ticing under the firm name of Mannon & Mannon, which continues to date. In 1909 appointed City Attorney of Ukiah, and con- tinues to hold that office. Member of the Masonic fraternity and Knight Templar. Republican. 420 BIOGL'A /' // IC AL JAMES MILTON MANNON. Kesiaence ami office. Ukiah. Born in Brown County, Ohio. Son of Robert and Eliza (McFei-son) Mannon. Married Sep- tember S. 1S75, to Mattie A. Clark. Received his education at Russelville, Ohio, High School, from 18G-i-6.'). and the Bloomingburg, Ohio, Academy, iu ISGG. Attended Lebanon, Ohio, iri'tate Normal School iu 1S66, and con- tinued there until the following year. Moved to California in 1873 and was admitted to the bar of this state in San Luis Obispo Oc- tober 3, 1S81, and to the Supreme Court of California, in San Francisco, November 9, 189L Commenced the active practice of his profession in Ukiah, in December, 1881, and has jiracticed there continuously to date. In January. 1903, entered into partnership with his son, Charles M. Mannon, practicing under the firm name of Mannon & Mannon. and making a specialty of corporation business. Electeil District Attorney of Mendocino County. California, in 188G, and served until January. 1889. Elected Judge of the Su- perior Court of Mendocino County in 189G, and served until 1902, inclusive. Founder and Vice-president of the Savings Bank of Mendocino County and Chairman of the Re- publican Count}' Central Committee, Mendo- cino County, for several years. President of the Board of Trustees, Ukiah City, from May, 1892. to May, 1896. Treasurer of the Men- docino State Asylum (now Mendocino State Hospital) from 1891 to 1895, inclusive. Mem- l>er of Union League Club of San Francisco and Masonic, I. O. O. F., and K. of P. fra- ternities. Republican. JOHN BAPTIST MANNIX. Residence. 2244 2d Street; office, 511-512 Union Building, San Diego. Born February 17, 1843, in Ballybunion, County Kerry, Ire- land. Son of Timothy and Johanna (Scau- lon) Mannix. Married May 15, 1873, to Mary E. Walsh. Moved to the United States in 1854; California in 1888. Educated in the ))ublic schools of Delaware, Ohio, and Ohio Wesleyan University, from which he grad- uated in 1864 with the degree of A. B. and in 1867 received the degree of A. M. Studied law in Cincinnati under Hon. Bel- lamy Storer and in the Cincinnati Law School, from which he graduated in 1866, re- ceiving the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Ohio and to the United States Circuit and District Courts for the Southern District of Ohio, in 1866; California in 1888, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Prac- ticed law in Cincinnati until 1888, during which time he was member of the firm of Mannix & Cosgrave, subsequently Mannix ^: Moorman. In 1888 moved to San Diego, whore, since .January 1, 1912, he has been a member of the firm of Mannix & Lannon. Member of Knights of Columbus, University Clul) of San Diego, Newman Club of Los Angeles, and California Bar Association, ex- president San Diego Bar Association. Inde- pendent. GEORGE CURTIS MANSFIELD. Residence, 117 Hudson Avenue; office, 514 Trust and Savings Bank Building, Los An- geles. Born May 20, 1885, in Boston, Massa- chusetts. Son of George F. and Lucy E. (Curtis) Mansfield. Married February 9, BIOGRAPHIC AL 421 1910, to Elizabeth Hudson. Educated in the Prince Grammar School, Boston; Boston Latin School; graduating in May, 1907, with A. B. degree. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, July, 1909. Practices his profession in Los Angeles to date. Member of Union League Club. Eepublican. WALTER D. MANSFIELD. Residence, Fairmont Hotel; office, 1212 Merchants Exchange, San Francisco. Born February 11, 1860, in Napa, California. Son of J. M. and Ellen G. (Estabrook) Mans- field. Married February 14, 1883, to May M. Stansbury. Early education received in the schools of this state; University of Califor- nia, Class of '81, Law School, and Harvard Law School, Class of '83. Admitted to prac- tice by the Supreme Court of California and by the United States Circuit and District Courts in 1887, and by the Supreme Court of the United States in 1907. Associated with Joseph Kirk as one of the attorneys for the Board of Trade of San Francisco from 1887 to 1903. Entered into partnership with Nathan H. Frank in 1903, which continued until 1910. In 1910 entered into partnership with Milton Newmark, jn-acticing under the firm name of Mansfield & Newmark, which continues to date. Member of the Pacific Union, The Family, San Francisco Fly Cast- ing, Empire Gun, Exposition City Gun, and Marin Golf and Country clubs. Member of the Chamber of -Commerce. Democrat. EDMUND TECUMSEH MANWELL. August 22, 1889, to Ellen Gertrude Scott. Received his education in the public schools of this state, and was admitted to the bar of California in September, 1908, in San Fran- cisco, by the Supreme Court of California. Commenced the active practice of his pro- fession in Wheatland and removed in 1906 to Marysville, where he continues to date, practicing alone. Was elected to the Califor- nia legislature and served in the session of 1905. In 1906 was appointed City Superin- tendent of Schools of Marysville, and held that office until 1911, being also County Su- perintendent of Schools from 1906 to 1911. Elected District Attorney for Yuba County in 1910, taking office in January of the fol- lowing year, and continues to hold that office to date. One of the founders of the Lincoln- Roosevelt Republican League in the State of California. Member of the Masonic. I. 0. O. F., N. S. G. W., Loyal Order of the Moose, Elks, Rebeccas, and Eastern Star fraternities. Republican. JOHN ALFRED MARSH. Residence, Jordan Avenue; office, 807 Fox- croft Building, San Francisco. Born Febru- ary 6, 1871, in San Rafael, California. Son 7th Street; office, Court- Born August 19, 1868, in Placer County, California. Son of George W. and Margaret (Alford) Manwell. Married Residence, 412 house, Marysville of Henry Francis and Julia (Delano) Marsh. Married October 30, 1910, to Gertrude Joseph. Educated in the public schools of San Rafael and San Francisco, the Boys' High School and the University of California, graduating from the latter institution in 1893 with the degree of B.A. Attended Hastings College of Law two years. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California in 1S94. Commenced the practice of his profession in San Francisco in 1894. Member of T'nion 422 BlOG R A r II I C AL Leaj^ue Club ami the Masonic frateruity. President of Motor Car Dealers' Association. Treasurer of California !^tate Highway League. Republican. ABRAM M. MARKS. Residence, :U lit .lacksun Street; office, ol9 Kohl Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, November 5, 1881. Son of Man- heim and Adelaide (Morris) Marks. Re- ceived his education from the San Francisco schools and Kent Law School. Admitted to the bar in San Francisco, December 18, 19ii:{. Commenced the practice of law in association witli Albert .lacoby and Henry Corson, under the firm name of Jacoby, Corson & Marks and continued until 1906. Moved to Sacra- mento and practiced with the firm of Devlin & Devlin during 1908, when he entered into partnership with F. L. Lawrence, under the firm name of Lawrence & Marks, which con- tinued until February, 1909, when he moved to San Francisco. Republican. HENRY FOSTER MARSHALL. Residence, San Francisco; office, Hewes Building, San Francisc o. Bo r n November 2 .5, 18 6 8, in Brookline, Massa- chusetts. Son of Henry N. F. and Alice L. (Whit- tlesey) Marshall. Moved to Califor- nia in 1890. Mar- ried November 23, 1892, to Olive Lilian McLaugh- lin. Educated in the Boston public schools, Roxbury Latin St-hool, Boston, Polytechnic Institute, Brooklyn, New York, Military Academy, Chester, Pennsylvania, Laurenceville (N. .J.) School, and Princeton L^niversity. Admitted to the bar of ('alifornia in San Francisco, in November, 1908. Prior to his admission in California served nine years with the Unite»i West Bclievue Drive, Pasa- dena; office, 607-611 American Bank Building, Los Angeles. Born in Lockport, New York, .Tune 11. 18.19. Son of Benjamin DeForest and Catherine Russell (Woods) Marshall. Removed to California in 1903. Attended the public schools of Buffalo, New York. Graduated from Worcester, Massachusetts, High School in 1877; Brown University, with degree of A. B., in 1881, and degree of A. M. in 1884; Harvard Law School 1882-83. Ad- mitted to the bar of Massachusetts in 1885; California, 1903. Served as Assistant United States Attorney for Massachusetts from 1891 to 1894. Repiiblican. HUMPHREY MARSHALL. Residence, 414 Sou t h Grand Avenue; office, 7 3 Californ i a Building, Los An- geles. Bo r n in Louisville, K en- tucky, March 2, 1 8 8'.5. Son of Humphre y and Virginia (Cruteh- fie 1 d) Marshall. Moved to this state in August, 1910. Graduate d from the Louis- ville High School in 1903; .Tefferson School of Law in 1907, receiving the degrees of B.A. and LL.B. Admitted to the bar at Louisville, Kentucky, in May, 1907. Practiced law in partnership with his father, under the firm name of Mar- shall & Marshall, for two years. Admitted to the bar of <'alifornia December 12, 1910. Practices law in Los Angeles to date. Mem- ber of the National Guard of Kentucky, Bat- tery "A," 1902-4. Postmaster in Panama Caiial Zone, 1908-9. Member of the Metro- politan Club. Republican. CARMEL MARTIN. Residence, ^lonterey; office, Rowe Build- ing, Monterey-. Born in Carmel Valley, July .'). 1879. Son of .John and Elizabeth (Hislop) Martin. Attended the public schools at Monterey; State Normal School, San .lose; Santa Clara College and the University of Michigan, receiving the degree of LL.B. in 1907. Admitted to the bar of Michigan .Tune lo, 1907, aneen associated with Hon. James W. Mc- Kinley in general practice. Eepublican. C. ELLIOTT MILLER. Residence, 1227 New Hampshire Street; office, 529 Higgins Building. Lo s Angeles. Born, 1 S G 9, in Richmond, O h io. Son of Rev. John Quincy A dams and Jennie E. (Crump) Miller. Married in 1S91 to Mary E. Scheu. Moved to Califor- nia in 1906. Edu- cated in the pub- lic and high schools of Ohio. Studied law in the offices of Hon. S. B. Taylor of Toronto, Ohio. Admitted to the bar of California, January, 1911, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Engaged in the general practice of law in Los Angeles, alone, to date. County Assessor of Jefferson County, Ohio, for one term. Mayor of Toronto, Ohio, for five years. Member of Masonic order and Junior Order United American Mechanics. President of Ohio Society of Los Angeles sin<<:' H'ln. Republican. JOHN HENBY MILLER. Residence, Granada Hotel; office, Crocker Building. San Francisco. Born in Lynch- burg. Virginia, August 26, 1854. Son of William A. and Margaret A. (Henry) Miller. Married Susie Jones November, 1906. Moved to the state in 1875. Graduated from the Richmond College, at Richmond. Virginia, with the degree of A.M. in 1874. Taught school in Virginia one year, after which he came to California and taught in the public schools in Shasta County; also taught private pupils in Latin and Greek, studying law at night. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco in January, 1879, b}' the Supreme Court after an examination in open court. Entered the office of Pringle & Hayne as a clerk, where he remained for one year. Then opened of- fices of his own, afterward going into part- nership with J. P. Langhorne, under the firm name of Langhorne & Miller and later as partner in the firm of F'stee, Fitzgerald & Miller. Now practicing his profession under the firm name of Miller & White, making a specialty of ]iatent law. Member of Mechan- ics' Institute. American Society of Interna- tional Law. Bohemian and Cosmos clubs of San Francisco, and Lawyers' Club of New York. Independent. KENTON A. MILLER. Residence. 1302 Gramorcy Place; office, 60-4 Merchants Trust Building, Los Angeles. Born October 31, 1869, in Ironton, Ohio. Son of Anderson and Elizabeth (Wickline) Mil- ler. Married October, 1898 to Vetrice Wil- son. Educated in the common schools of his BIOGRAPHICAL 429 native state and in Ohio Weslyan Univer- sity, graduating from the latter institution in 1894. Eead law in tlie offices of Anderson & Miller. Admitted to tlie bar of Ohio in 1897, and practiced in Ironton, Ohio, under the firm name of Miller & Miller. Moved to California in 1905, and admitted to the bar of that state in Los Angeles in 1906, and United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. In 1907 formed part- nership with Judge George H. Smith and W. W. Phelps, under the firm name of Smith, Miller & Phelps, which continues to date. Elected City Attorney of Ironton, Ohio, in 1900, serving until 1904, prior to which he was Assistant District Attorney of Lawrence County, Ohio (1898-1900). Member of the California and Union League clubs. Chamber of Commerce, Masonic order. Knights Tem- plar, Shriner, 32°, Knights of Pythias, and B. P. O. E. fraternities. Eepublican. E. E. MILLIKIN. Eesidence, Jonathan Club; office. Title In- surance Building, Los Angeles. Born October 5, 1871, in Titusville, Pennsylvania, and re- ceived his education in the public schools of his native state. Moved to California in 1895 and was admitted to the bar of the state upon arrival. Practices his profession as a member of the firm of O'Melveny, Stevens & Millilvin to date. ROBEE,T WILLIS MILLER. Residence and office, Hanford, Born September 5, 1847, in Willow Hill, Illinois. Son of John and Mary (Kennedy) M i 1- ler. Moved to California in 1880. Married in 1880 to Mattie Morri- son. Educated in the public schools of Illinois. At- tended University of Illinois. Ad- mitted to the bar of 1 1 1 i n ois in 1874; Minnesota, 1876; Superior Court of California, 1880; Supreme Court of California, 1885. Practiced law in Illinois until 1874, when he moved to Minnesota, where for two years he taught in the schools of that state. Practiced law in St. Paul and Minneapolis, Minnesota, until 1880, when he moved to Northern California, practicing his profession at Eureka two years; Crescent City, eight years, and Santa Eosa, ten years. In 1904 he moved to Hanford, where he continues the general practice of law to date. Member of Masonic order. Republican. EDWARD R. MILLIKEN. Eesidence, 815 Stevenson A v e- n u e; office, 1 Union Savings Bank Building, Pasadena. Born December 9, 1881, in M a y n a r d, M a s s a c h usetts. Son of Charles E. and Mary F. (Eed- ing-ton) Millikeu. Married March 4, 1909, to Elizabeth B. Smyth. Edu- cation received at M u nt Hermon B ys' School, Mount Hermon, Massachusetts, from which he graduated in August, 1900. Entered Po- mona College, Claremont, after moving to California, in 1900, and graduated from that institution in June, 1904, with degree of A. B. Graduated from the Law Department of Stan- ford University, May, 1908, receiving degree of J. D. Admitted to the bar of California, in Los Angeles, July 22, 1908, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the prac- tice of law in Pasadena and continued to date. Member of B. P. O. E. Eepublican. HENRY EDMUND MILLS. Eesidence, 1604 Seventh Street; office, 908- 910 American National Bank Building, San Diego. Born June 24, 1850, in Montrose, Pennsylvania. Son of Bartlett H. and Delia (Halsey) Mills. Married Emma B. Sprague in 1877. Graduated from Shurtlefif College, in Alton, Illinois, June, 1869, receiving de- grees of A. B. and A. M. Graduated from the St. Louis Law School in 1871, with degree of LL. B. Admitted to practice in the state of Missouri, at St. Louis, July, 1871. Practiced his profession in St. Louis until 1896, when he moved to California. Member of the firm of Mills & Fleteeraft for ten years. Later in partnership with Lee W. Grant until re- moval to San Diego. Admitted to the bar of California in 1896, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. Practiced law in San Diego in partnership with Ered O'Farrell to date. Author of ''Mills on Eminent Domain." HOMER CURTIS MILLSAP. Residence, 1460 West Adams Street; office, 621 San Fernando Building, Los Angeles. Born May 10, 1881, in Des Moines, Iowa. Son of Albert and Mallissa (Shepherd) Millsap. Married in December, 1908, to Bess P. Chaney. Moved to California in 1898. Graduateth Street; office. Courthouse. Los Angeles. Born in Rumford, Maine, December 23, 1849. Moved to Califor- nia in December, 1890. Educated in the pub- lic schools of Boston. Massachusetts, and Har- vard College. Admitted to the bar of Kansas and California; United States Supreme Court November IS, 1890. Judge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County since 1905. Re- publican. WILLLA.M C. MONROE. Residence, L o s Angeles; office, 7 6 C a 1 i fornia Building. Los An- geles. Born in Freeport, Florida, January 11, 1879. Son of William A. and Medora (Mr C r a nie) Monroe. Married i n A u- gus t, 19 11, to Mary ,1. Cassiday. Attended the Law Depart ment of the University of Virginia in 18 9 9 to 19 1, and re- ceived the Jeffer- son Literary Society Medal for oratory in 1900. Received the honors of the University in oratorical contest. Admitted to the bar in Tallahassee, Florida, in 1902. Practiced law in Pensacola, Florida, alone to 1911, when he moved to Los Angeles. California. Admitted to the bar of California in 1911, and continues in the active practice of his pro- fession to date. Member of the Sigma Alpha Bpsilon, Knights of Pythias, and Red Men fraternities. Democrat. JAMES P. MONTGOMERY. Residence. 1620 8th Street; office, ! Bacon Building, Oakland. Born March 1865, in Oakland, Alameda County. Son BIOGRAPHICAL 433 Zachariah M. and Elleu (Evoy) Montgomery. Married to Eita CI. Madden, Xovember 33, 1910. Attended the Christian Brothers Col- lege in Oakland, St. Ignatius College, San Francisco, Santa Clara College, Santa Clara, and the University of Georgia, graduating therefrom in 1888 with degree of B.S. and the further degree of B.L. in 1889. Admitted to the bar of California in 1889 and com- menced the practice of his profession in part- nership with his father, in San Diego, prac- ticing under the firm name of Montgomery & Montgomery, continuing until 1891, when he moved to Los Angeles and continued in the practice there until 1897. In that year he went to the Klondike and was engaged in mining pursuits until December, 1907. Resumed the active practice of his profes- sion in Oakland in 1908, and continues to date. Member of the San Francisco-Alaska Club and the Knights of Columbus and B. P. O. E. fraternities. Democrat. ELMER I. MOODY. Residence, 6 i 8 Arroyo Drive; of- fice, 216 Chamber of Commerce Building, Pasa- dena. Born i n E d g e r ton, Mis- souri, February 4, 1879. Son of W. J. and Elizabeth (Crane) Moody. Moved to Califor- nia in 1898. Mar- r i e d Carolyn C. M a chin, October 15, 1903. A t- tended the public schools of St. Jo- s e p h, Mis souri, and the State Normal at Edmond, Oklahoma. Admitted to the bar of California at Los Angeles, October 15, 1901, and later to United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Member of the firm of Goodrich & Moody of Pasadena, from Janu- ary 1, 1902, until 1903. Practiced alone to 1907. Connected with the firm of Simpson, Moody, Noyes & Simpson from 1907 to 1908; of the firm of Simpson, Moody & Simpson from 1908 to date. Member of the Overland and Annandale Country clubs, Los Angeles Bar Association and of the Board of Trade. Director of the Security National Bank of Pasadena. Republican. WILLIAM THOMAS MOONEY. Residence, 259 Lisbon Street; oflSce, 615 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in Bloomfield, Sonoma County, October 16, 1873. Son of Thomas and Nora (Gleeson) Mooney. Attended the district school of Bloomfield for a few j-ears, later completing the grammar school course at Petaluma, then entering the Petaluma High School, from v/hich he gradu- ated in 1892. Entered the University of California, graduating therefrom in 1899 with the degree of Ph. B. Appointed principal of the Etna Union High School in Siskiyou County, and then principal of the Siskiyou County High School, where he remained for two years, then entering the Harvard Law School, receiving the degree of LL. B. in 1906. Admitted to the bar in California January 21, 1907, at Los Angeles, and to the United States District and Circuit Courts April 30, 1910, at San Francisco. Began the practice of his pro- fession in 1908 at San Francisco, in associa- tion with R. H. Cross which continues to date. Democrat. FRED H. MOORE. Residence, 3811 Maplewood Avenue; office, 600 Bryson Building, Los Angeles. Born Sep- tember 15, 1883, in Detroit, Michigan. Sou of Charles J. and Emma C. (Hill) Moore. Married in 1907 to Rose B. Griggs. Educated at the grammar and high schools at Spokane, Washington, and later attended the Univer- sity of Michigan from 1902 to 1906. Studied law in the office of Judge Thomas Burke of Seattle, and was admitted to the bar of Washington in 1906. Practiced in Seattle in association with the firm of Burke, Shephard & McGilora for one year, when he moved to Spokane and became associated with the firm of Danson & Williams. Formed partnership with B. T. Tustin, practicing under the firm name of Tustin & Moore for one year. Moved to California in 1910, locating in Los Angeles, where he continues in the practice of his profession in association with the firm of Davis & Rush to date. Member of the Metropolitan, Liberal, and Alemic clubs and of the Los Angeles Bar Association. GEORGE H. MOORE. Residence, 1321 West 7th Street, G 1 e ndale; office, 429 Stimson Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born i n Pesotum, Illinois, Oct ober 30, 1875. Son of Sanford W. and Louisa (Thorn- hill) Moore. Moved to this state in Nov em- ber, 1902. Mar- ried Ana stasia Powell, February 1, 1911. Received his early e d u c a- tion in public schools of Crittenden, Illinois, later attending 434 BIOGRAPHICAL the Central Normal College at Danville. Indi- ana, from which he received the degrees of B.S. and A.B. in 19<_n, and the University of Illinois, receiving the degree of LL.B. in 1902. Admitted to the bar of the state of Illinois. June. 19<32. and to the bar of California in 1903. Commenced the practice of law in Riverside. California, in partnership with O. €. Boggs. under the firm name of Boggs & Moore until November, 1903. when he re- moved to Los Angeles and became associated with Herbert Cutler Brown, of Los Angeles, where he remained until 1906, since which date he has continued the practice of his profession and is now associated with Shel- don Borden. Member of the University Club of Los Angeles. Republican. MINOR LEE MOORE, Residence, 13.54 Fifth Avenue; of- fice, 5 11 Mer- chants Trust Building, Los An- g e 1 e s. Born i n Waco, Texas, De- c e m b e r .5, 1876. Son of Daniel Mil- ler and Sarah Elizabeth (.Jones) Moore. Moved to Call f ornia De- cember 13. 19 8. Married to Jannie Elder August 3 0. 19 0. Educated in the public schools f Waco, Texas. Entered the Baylor University, Waco, Texas, in 1896. Graduated with de- gree of B.A. in 1900. Read law in office of Prendergast & Sanford of Waco, Texas. Admitted to the bar of Texas, March 24, 1903; California, December 1.5, 1908, and later' to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Com- menced the practice of his profession in Waco, Texas, from 1903 to March, 1907, when he moved to Farmerville, Louisiana, where he became associated with .T Walter Elder, under the firm name of Elder & Moore, continuing to 1908. Associated with M. J. Finkenstein, under the firm name of Moore & Fiukenstein to date. Commercial practice, and pavs special attention to frauds and per- sonal "injury cases. Member of Jefferson Club. Democrat. PEYTON H. MOORE. Residence, 745 South X'nion Street; office, 920-922 Security Building, Los Angeles. Born March 15," 1S76, in Birmingham, Ala- bama. Son of William W. and Mary Lou (Robinson) Moore. Received his education in the public schools of his native state. En- tered Alabama Polytechnic Institute, gradu- ating therefrom in 1894, with degree of B.S. Entered University of Alabama, graduating in 1899, with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Alabama, in Montgomery, 1900. Coinmenied the practice of his profession in Birmingham, Alabama, in 1901, continuing until 190S, when he moved to California, and was admitted by all courts of that state. Member of the firm of Campbell & Moore to date. Democrat. STANLEY MOORE. Residence, corner 20th Street and 6th Av- enue, East Oakland; office, Balboa Building, San Francisco. Born in Oakland, California, June 9, 1880. Son of A. A. and Annie (Hall) Moore. Received his early education in the public schools of Oakland, and later attended the University of California, grad- uating therefrom in May, 1901, with the de- gree of Social Science. Admitted to the bar of California in December. 1901, and com- menced the active practice of his profession in Oakland, being appointed Deputy District Attorney of Alameda County in 1902 and resigning the following year to move to San Francisco and enter his father's office, with whom he practices in partnership to date. Member of the Claremont Country Club. Republican. FRANCIS D. R. MOOTE. Residence, Sierra Madre; office, 830 H. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born in Citv Creek Canyon, near San Bernardino, Juiie 5, 1879. Son James M. and Elizabeth M. (Ross) Moote. Married June 22, 1908. to Mabel L. Graves. Educated in the graded BIOGRAPHICAL 435 schools at Cucamonga and Ontario, Los An- geles High School; Chaffey Agricultural Col- lege. Read law in the office of Tanner & Taft. Admitted by the Supreme Court of California, at Los Angeles, October 15, 1901; Circuit and District Courts of the United States for Southern California, 1906. In 1902 formed partnership with James W. Mays, under the firm name of Mays & Moote, which continued one year. January 1, 1910, formed partnership with Force Parker, under the firm name of Parker & Moote, which continues to date. Republican. EDWARD F. MORAN. Residence, 2617 Pacific Avenue; office, Mo- nadnock Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, November 14, 1867. Son of Edward and Rose (Cox) Moran. Married in 189'5 to Rose Claiborne Hillard. Received his education in the public schools of San Francisco, and in private institutions. In 1881—85, First Lieutenant and Quartermaster, Second Artillerj', N. G. C. Chief Examiner, Civil Service Commission, in San Francisco, January, 190O, to August, 1905. Civil Ser- vice Commissioner of San Francisco, August, 1905, to January, 1908. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco, September 14, 1904, and before the United States Dis- trict and Circuit Courts of the state. Presi- dent of Civil Service Commission in San Francisco in 1907. Attorney for Auditor of the City and County of San Francisco, 1910, to date. Charter member of San Francisco Press Club. Member of Olympic Club, San Francisco Bar Association, San Francisco Chamber of Commerce, and Native Sons of the Golden West fraternity. VINCENT MORGAN. Residence, 13 5 North Coronado Street; office, 5 2 Exchange B u ild- i n g, Los Angeles. Born November 2 0, 18 8 2, in Los A n geles, Califor- nia. Son of J. C. Morgan. Edu- cated in the pub- lic schools of Los A n geles. Gradu- ated from the U n i V e r s ity of Southern Califor- nia, College of Law, in 19 9, with degree o f LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1909, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Formed partnership with Frank M. Porter and Kent K. Parrot under the firm name of Porter, Morgan & Parrot, which continues to the present time. Instructor in "Elementary Law," "Domestic Relations," and "Code Pleadings" in the University of Southern Cal- ifornia, College of Law, Member of Metro- politan Club and N. S. G. W. Republican. ALFRED J. MORGANSTERN. Residence, 2143 2d Street; office, 718-720 Timken Building, San Diego. Born April 30, 1869, in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Son of Jaccvb and Henrietta (May) Morganstern. Moved to California in 1890. Married in 1889 to Katherine Donnelly (deceased December, 1897); February 24, 1902, to Bertha Edging- 436 BIOGRAPHICAL ton Strouse. Kdiu-ated iu the public schools of Pittsburg, Pennsylvania; high schools of St. Paul, Minnesota. S>tu II IC A L luM- of the firm of Morton. Pruitt & Goodrich, and senior member of Morton, Riddle, Hoilzer A: Morton. Senior member of the firm of Morton, llollzer & Morton to date. Received Democratic nomination in 7th District of Los Anjieles for Congress. In 190G, ])emocratic nominee for Attorney-general of California. Civil Service Commissioner of Los Angeles, 1907 to date. President of this Commission since February, inn. Member of Jefferson, Los Angeles City, Rotary, and Covina Coun- try clubs. Texas and Dixie societies, B. P. O. K.. Masonic, W. O. W.. Fraternal Brotherhood, Women of Woodcraft and Loyal Order of Moose. Democrat. MONTAGUE T. MOSES. Residence, 2480 Sutter Street; office, ;11S Hewes Building, San Francisco. Born in C i n c i nnati, Ohio, April 11, 1 S o 0. S n o f Simpson P. and Li/.zie (Tucker) Moses. Educated in Was hington, D. C, and gradu- a t e d from the Law Department of the Columbian (now George W'ashington) Uni- versity, receiving the degree of LL.B. in June, 1872. Admitted to the bar of the District of Columbia in 1872, and of California in 1877, having moved to this state the previous year. Com- menced the practice of his profession in part- nership with James L. Crittenden, under the firm name of Crittenden & Moses, which con- tinued until 1882, from which period until 1888 he practiced alone. Entered into part- nership with Chas. A. Sumner in 1888, under the firm name of Sumner & Moses, which con- tinueil until 1904, since which date he has practiced alone. Past Head Consul of the Woodmen of the World. Editor of "The Pa- cific Woodmen," November, 1907, to date. Democrat. MARKS PRENTICE MOSSHOLDER. Residence, 1303 Thorn Street; office. First National Bank Building, San Diego. Born June 23, 1884, in Oceola, Nebraska. Son of W. J. and Jennie (Prentice) Mossholder. Married March 21, 1907, to Katherine Shultz. Educated in the public and high schools in San Diego. Studied law in the office of his father. Admitted to the bar of California January 21, 1907. Practiced law in partner- ship with his father, W. J. Mossholder, and liis brother. K". P. Mossholder, in San Diego to ilatc. Rcpuldican. LEON FREMONT MOSS. Residence, 1241 Lake Street; of- fice, 711 American Bank Building. Los Angeles. B o rn September 12, 1861, in Ful- ton County, Illi- n i s. Son of Geo rge Walk'M- and Mary J. (Grigsby) Moss. Moved to Los An- geles, February 2, 1887. Married Fffie Florence Willard. Attended High School in Cuba, Illinois; Va!- pariso rnivcrsity and the University of Iowa. Admitted to the bar of the state of Colorado in 1880. Practiced law since admission ex- cept two years on the bench. Judge of the Su])erior Court of Los Angeles County, 1909- 10. ^Member of California Club and Los An- geles Country Club, and Masonic, I. O. O. F. and B. P. O. Y,. fraternities. Republican. RUSK PRENTICE MOSSHOLDER. Residence, 2008 5th Street, San Diego; office, First National Bank Building, San Diego. Born April 4, 1889, in San Diego. Son of William J. and Jean (Prentice) Moss- holder. Educated in the public and high schools of San Diego. Studied law in the offices of W. J. Mossholder and Marks P. Mossholder. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia September 25, 1911, and commenced the practice of law in partnership with W. J. anil Mark P. Mossholder, which continues to date. Repul)lican. WILLIAM J. MOSSHOLDER. Residence, 2008 5th Street; office, Fir.-,t National Bank Building, San Diego. Born August 27, 1857, in Martinsburg, Ohio. Sen of Squire Humphrey and Mary P^liza (Robin- son) Mossholder. Married September 20, 1S81, to Jennie Prentice. Graduated from Nebraska W^esleyan University, Lincoln, Ne- braska, with degree of Ph. B., and the Law Doi)artment of the State University of Iowa, with degree of LL. B., in 1881. Ail- mitted to the bar of Iowa June 22, 1881; Nebraska, 1881; California, 1886; United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California, December, 1911, and to the ITnited States Supreme Court, January 11, 1912. Practiced law in Oceola, NebrasKa, from 1881 until he moved to California in BIOGRAPHICAL 439 1885. Engaged in the practice of law in San Diego to date. Member of Board of Education of San Diego for five years. Mem- ber of Masonic bodies. Eepiiblican. JOHN G. MOTT. Residence, 2629 Portland Street; office, 426 Douglas Building, Los Angeles. Born in 1874 in Los Angeles. Son of Thomas D. and Ascension (Sepulveda) Mott. Educated in Notre Dame University, Indiana, graduating in 1896 with the degrees of LL. B. and L. B. Graduated from Catholic University of Amer- ica, in 1897, with the degree of LL. M. Ad- mitted to practice in the state of Indiana by the Supreme Court in 1896. Member of the firm of Mott & Dillon to date. Member of California Bar Association. Republican. LLOYD WALKER MOULTRIE. Residence, 619 Rampart Street; office, 918 Security Building, Los Angeles. Born Decem- ber 28, 1868, in San Jose, California. Son of Joseph Addison and Elizabeth Barnet (Walker) Moultrie. Married Susan Frances Edelen, April 18, 1900. Educated in the pub- lic and high schools and the University of the Pacific, later attending Emerson Institute, at Washington, D. C, and the University of Michigan, from which he received the degree of LL.B. in 1890. Admitted to the Supreme Court of Michigan in 1890 and to the Supreme Court of California in the same year. City Attorney of Fresno in 1895. Member of the legislature in 1897. Member of the Jonathan, University, Los Angeles Athletic, Country and City clubs of Los Angeles. Shriner. Democrat. LYMAN IRVING MOWRY, Residence, 1716 Vallejo Street; office, 604 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Born April 8, 1848, in Woonsocket, Rhode Island. Son of Lyman and Mary Ann (Whiting) Mowry. Moved to California May 18, 1854. Married April 13, 1905, to Elizabeth J. Gunn. Attended public schools of San Francisco and Harvard University, Law Department, from which he graduated in 1870, receiving the de- gree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of the loth District Court, San Francisco, in 1870; Supreme Court of California, 1879, and the Supreme Court of the United States, 1891. Practices his profession alone to date. Mem- ber of the Union League Club. Republican. OSCAR C. MUELLER. Residence, 2115 Harvard Boule- vard; office, 404 Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born in Denver, Colo- rado, September 7, 1876. Son of Otto and Nettie K e 1 1 e Mueller. Moved to Califor- nia in 1880. Mar- ried September 5, 1900, to Ivy S. Schoder. Attended public schools of Los Angeles, and Occidental College, 1 a t er taking a special law course in the University of Vir- 440 /; lOG u A r n i c a l ginia. Studied law two years in the office of the late Judge W. H. Wilde. Admitted to the Supreme Court of California in 1897 and to the Supreme Court of the United States Oc- tober. 1907. Commenced practice of law in 1S9S as an associate of Hon. C. C, Wright. Practice is largely confined to probate matters and corporation law. Served two terms as director of Chamber of Commerce, and the same ])eriod as trustee of Los Angeles Bar Association. Member of Masonic bodies — both Yorke and Scottish Bite — the American and Los Angeles Bar Associations, and the Jonathan, California and Los Angeles Athletic clubs. Republican. S. P. MULFORD. Residence, lOijG South Hill Street; office, 701-703 American Bank Building. Los An- geles. Born August 26, 18.50, in Cincinnati, Ohio. Son of David and Sarah Ann (Vail) Mulford. Married August 26, 1885, to Helen B. Farrar, daughter of Captain William M. in 1883, where he again resumed the jtractice in 1886, and has continued to the present time. For the last two years has been practicing under the firm name of Mulford & Dryer. Specializes in corporation and ]irobate law. He is now a member of the Los Angeles County Forestry Board, Los Angeles Bar Association. Chamber of Commerce, Masonic bodies; Knights Templar, Shriner, Jonathan, City and Federation clubs; and Phi Gamma Delta fraternity. For many years trustee of First M. F. Church of Los Angeles. Repub- lican. MARTIN E. COOKE MUNDAY. Residence. 334 West 23d Street; office, 615- 616 Lankershim Building, Los Angeles. Born February 21, 1856, in Sonoma County, Califor- nia. Son of Beverly Broaddus and Elizabeth (Cornett) Munday. Married December 17, 1876, to Pemelia Linville. Educated in the public schools of Sonoma and Petaluma; Bap- tist College, Petaluma, and Petaluma High Farrar (deceased), late of Cambridge, Ohio. Educated in the public schools of Ohio and graduated from the Ohio Wesleyan University of Delaware, Ohio, with degree of A. B., class of 1876. His wife, Helen B. Mulford, gradu- ated in same class. Studied law in the offi-'os of Col. M. C. Lawrence, Marysville, Ohio. Was admitted to the bar by Supreme Court of Ohio in December, 1878; to Supreme Court of California in 1886, and by the United States Circuit and District Courts of California in the same year. Practiced law in Marysville, Ohio, for two years, in j)artncrship with his preceptor. Col. M. C. Lawrence, under the firm name of Lawrence & Mulford, after which he moved to Columbus, Ohio, where he continued his profession until he located in Los Angeles School. Studied law in the office of Hon. George Pierce of Petaluma. Principal of Cloverdale High School, 1873-74; Petaluma Grammar and Primary School, 1874-83. Ad- mitted to the bar of California Superior Court, 1882; Supreme Court of California, 1886, and at the same time to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Northern California; Southern California, 1887; United States Cir- cuit Court of Appeals, 1893. City Attorney of Petaluma, 1S82. Practiced law in Sonoma County in partnership with .Tohn P. Rodgers, under the firm name of Rodgers & Munday, 1882-88, when he moveil to Los Angeles and formed partnership with R. F. del Valle, under the firm name of del Valle & Munday, which continued for ten vears, since which time he BIOGRAPHICAL 441 has practiced alone. Member of legislature from Sonoma, 1885-86; also of Masonic order and N. S. G. W. Democrat. J. G. MUNHOLLAND. Eesidence, Long Beach; ofiices, 622-626 Homer Laughlin Building, Los Angeles; First National Bank Building, Long Beach. Born June 4, 1884, in Bloomington, Illinois. Son of John H. and Myra (Snedekar) Munholland. Moved to California in 190.3. Married June 20, 1906, to Lulu M. Macduff. Educated in the public schools of Iowa; Harvard Military School, Los Angeles. Studied law in the office of Frank Bryson, Los Angeles. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1911, and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Member of the firm of Schenk, Swaffield & Munhol- land to the present time. Member of the Ma- sonic fraternity, B. P. O. E., and Union League Club. Eepublican. JOHN MUNRO. Eesidence, 253 South Griffin Avenue; office, Bryson Building, Los Angeles, California. Born in Canada, November 2, 1874. Son of James T. and Christina (Eobertson) Munro. Moved to this state in 1900. Married October 26, 1910, to Jane Harris. Attended the public schools of Canada, Ottawa Collegiate Institute, Canada; Queen's University, Kingston, Can- ada, graduating in 1897 with the degree of B. A. Post-graduate course at Manitoba Uni- versity, Winnipeg, Canada, in 1898. In 1904 graduated from the American College, Wash- ington, receiving the degree of LL.D. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1906. As- sociated with Harris & Harris, 1906-7; Gen- eral Johnstone Jones, in 1908. Practiced alone during 1909. Senior member of the firm of Munro & Eobertson in 1910, since which date he has continued the practice of his pro- fession alone. Member of the Masonic bodies, 82°. Democrat. FRANK J. MURASKY. Eesidence, 1330 Page Street; office. City Hall, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, November 7, 1864. Son of William and Ellen (Eearden) Murasky. Married Eose M. Stan- ley September 2, 1889. Graduated from St. Mary's College in 1883, with the degree of A. B,. and from the Santa Clara College, re- ceiving the degree of Ph. D. Admitted to the bar of California at San Francisco in 1887. From 1887 to 1898, with the exception of two years, was in partnership with James F. Smith, under the firm name of Smith & Muraskv. Justice of the Peace of San Fran- cisco County, 1888-90. Elected Judge of the Superior Court in 1898, and re-elected in 1910. Member of Knights of Columbus, B. P. 0. E., N. S. G. W., Y. M. I. and Cosmos Club. Dem- ocrat. JOSEPH L. MURPHEY. Residence, 840 Burlington Avenue; office, suite 720 Story Building. Born February 19, 1849, in Lanesboro, Susquehanna County. Pennsylvania. Son of John and Joanna Mur- phey. Married May 19, 1888, to Augusta Asher. Educated in the public schools of New York and Alfred University. Admitted to the bar of New York in 1873; Kansas, 1878; Colorado, 1878; California, 1884; and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California, and to the United States Supreme Court, October, 1908. Is asso- 442 BIOGRAPHICAL ciated with H. L. Poplin, ^foiiiber of Los Angeles Bar Association. Kepul)iit'an. CHARLES MURCELL. Residenio. 2049 Sth Avenue. East Oakland; offiee, 927 Broadway. Oaklaml. Born July 10, 1S63, at Kouud Harbor, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland. Sou of Charles and Maria (Woodford) Muri'ell. Married Sejiteinher 8, 1S92, to Martha Ada Kroschall. Rei-eived his early education at the grammar schools of Twillingate, Notre Dame Bay, Newfoundland, and later took special course in the Commer- cial School. Attended St. Peter's Academy of the san^e city, and graduated therefrom in 1879. Studied law under T. O. Crawford and T. S. Gray of Oakland, and was admitted to the bar of California March L3, 1901. En- gaged in the Oakland Police Department prior to this date, and up to 1906, when he com- menced the practice of his profession in Oak- land and continues actively to date. Ad- mitted to the T^nited States District Court February 1, 1910. Member of the Loyal Or- der of Moose fraternity. Rojiublican. JOHN MURPHY. Residence, 200 West 42d Street; office, 425 Byrne Building, Los Angeles. Born at Iowa Hill, Placer County, California, April 4, 1861. Son of James and Julia (Murphy) Murphy. Pearly education received in the public schools of Placer County, and completed by a course in Heald's Business College, San Francisco, 1885-86. The next twelve years were spent in active mining, and in 1898 he took up the study of law, part of the time being spent in the office of E. E. Milliken, in Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court in April, 1900, and to the Cir- cuit and District Courts for the Southern Dis- trict of California a few years later, engaging in general ]>ractice alone. Republican. ALEX MURDOCK. Residence, 1010 Washing t o n Street; office, 957 Broadway, O a k- land. Born in Scotland. Septem- ber 20, 1S5S. Son of Alex and Jane (Duthie) Mur- dock. Moved to this state in 1889. Admitted to the bar at San Fran cisco in Decem- ber, 1895. Com- menced the ]>rac- tice of law in San .lose, later form- i n g partnershi]) with John W. Johnston in Sacramento, Cali- fornia. Removed to Oakland in 1899. Con- tinues the active practice of his profession to date. Republican. ROBERT B. MURPHEY. Residence, Am- erican Institute of Bank ing Club, 625 South Hope Street; office, 536 Douglas Building, Los Angeles. Horn March 27, 1SS7. in Piueville, (ieorgia. Son of Walter Edgar and Lizzie Ella (Biv- iiis) M u r p h ey. Moved to Califor- nia in 1907. Edu- cated in the pub- lic s c h Is of Americus, Geor- gia, and High School, Phoenix. Arizona. Attended the Uni- versity of Arizona, 190.5-7. Graduated from Stanford University in 19t)8 with degree of A. B., and received degree of Juris Doctor from that institution in 1910. Admitted to the bar of California in 1910, and at the same time to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Has been engaged in the ])ractice of law in Los Angeles to date, officing with Isidore B. Dock- weiler. Member of Delta Chi legal fraternity. Democrat. BIOGEAPHIC AL 443 LOUIS WESTCOTT MYERS. Eesideuce, 2115 Lemon Grove Avenue; office, 513 O. T. Johnson Building, Los An- geles. Born September 6, 1872, in Lake Mills, Wisconsin. Son of Jesse Hall and Elizabeth (Wescott) Myers. Moved to this state in 1897. Married November 27, 1901, to Blanche Brown. Graduated from the Lake Mills High School in 1889; University of Wis- consin in 1893, receiving the degree of B. L. in that year, and the degree of LL. B. m 1895. Admitted to the bar of Wisconsin in 1895; Illinois, in the same year, and to the bar of California in 1898. Commenced the practice of his profession in Los Angeles in 1898 and continues alone to date. Eepubli- can. MILTON A. NATHAN. Eesidence, 105 Tenth Avenue; office, Chron- icle Building, San Francisco. Born in Colusa, California, February 22, 1879. Son of Philip and Louise Florence (Lyons) Nathan. Mar- ried July 19, 1903, to Martha Goldberg. Ee- ceived his education at the Lincoln School and Boys' High School, of San Francisco, later taking a special course at Hastings Col- lege of Law. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California at San Fran- cisco, September 14, 1900, since which time he practiced continually at San Francisco. Admitted to the Supreme Court of the United States at Washington, October 24, 1904. Noncommissioned officer in Company "F," 1st Eegiment California, United States Volunteer Infantry. Awarded a special con- gressional medal of honor on recommendation of President McKinley. President of the Cal- ifornia Volunteers Association and Judge Ad- vocate Department of California United Span- ish War Veterans, 1911-12. Member of the Masonic, Native Sons, Knights of Pythias and Spanish War Veterans fraternities. Eepubli- can. CHARLES ELWOOD NAYLOR. Eesidence, San Francisco; office, 426-428 Sheldon Building, San Francisco. Born in Chester County, Pennsylvania, April 29, 1852. Son of Benjamin and Sarah (Taylor) Naylor. Moved to the state of California in 1874. Married November 28, 1878, to Ella Fenn. Attended the public schools of New Jersey and high school in Pennsylvania. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco in 1897. Com- menced the practice of law in San Francisco and continued alone to date. Specializes in admiralty and corporation law. Member of the Bar Association of San Francisco, Me- chanics' Institute, Geographical Society of America, Union League, Commonwealth, Olympic, Loring and Unitarian clubs, and Chamber of Commerce. Eepublican. BURREL D. NEIGHBOURS. Eesidence, 3040 Hoover Street; office, 401 Cham- ber of Commerce Building, Los An- geles. Born near Downey, Los An geles County, C;il ifornia, December 1, 1876. Son of Allen W. an d Elizabeth (Me- Cann) Neighbours. Married December 28, 1909, to Edith F. Euthard. At- tended the Galli- tan Public School of Los Angeles County, from which he graduated in June, 1892. Graduated from the Shorthand Depart- ment of Woodbury's Business College, June, 1896. Bead law in the office of Anderson & Anderson, of Los Angeles, from April, 1898, to 1901, when he was admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia. Associated with the office of Anderson & Anderson until February, 1904, when he prac- ticed alone until 1908, after which he formed partnership with Frank P. Sproul, under the firm name of Neighbours & Sproul, which con- tinues to date. Member of the Masonic, I. O. O. F., W. O. W., and Moose fraternities. Vice-Dictator of Los Angeles Lodge No. 386, Loyal Order of Moose of the World. Demo- crat. 444 BIOGEAPHICAL EDMUND NELSON. Residence. ;iMi ^>l^t St not. Dakland; office, 26 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Born November 11, 1S79, in Alpine County, Cali- fornia. Son of Ole and Ellen E. (Edmunds) Nelson. Married June 16, 1910, to Florence G. Hammond. Taught school in Calavaras continued in the practice of his profession alone. City Attorney of Santa Cruz. 1895- 19lM). Member of the Board of Education of County for four years. Entered University of California in 1903. Graduated from Hast- ings College of Law in May, 1907. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco in May. 1907. In office of W. F. Williamson until March, 1910. Xow practicing independently. Prac- tice largely civil and probate. Member of Calaveras Parlor No. 67. X. S. G. W., Oak- land Lodge No. ISS, F. & A. M., Sierra and Commonwealth clubs and the Bar Association. Republican. WILLLAM PRICE NETHERTON. Residence, 96 Riverside Avenue; office, People's Bank Building, Santa Cruz. Born in Pacheco. Contra Costa County, California, De- cember 7, 1861. Son of John Smith and Matilda A. (Estes) Xetherton. Married March 2, 1885, to Margaret M. Glassford. Received his early education in the public schools of Contra Costa County, and later iu the high school of Oakland. Admitted to the bar of California, January 9, 1894; United States Circuit Court, 1898; United States District Court, 1899. Practiced in Santa Cruz. Entered into partnership with H. A. A'an C. Torchiana in October, 1906, under the firm name of Xetherton & Torchiana. which continued until 1911, since which time he has Santa Cruz since 1910; also of I. O. G. T., I. O. O. F., X. S. G. W.. and Maccabees fra- ternities; Democrat. HENRY NEWBURGH. Residence. 540 Broderick Street; office, 818- 820 Balboa Building. San Francisco. Born in Petaluma, California, S^eptember 14, 1876. Sou of Edward and Fannie (Kusiel) Xew- burgh. Attended the Petaluma grammar and high schools. Columbian I'niversity, Washing- ton, D. C. and the Hastings Law College, from which he received the degree of LL.B. Admitted to Supreme Court of California at San Francisco in 1896, from which date he has been engaged in the practice of the law in the city and county of San Francisco. Formed partnership in May, 1907, with C. W. Cross, and continues iu the practice of law to date. Member of the Masonic, Odd Fel- lows and B'nai B'rith fraternities. Republi- can. NATHAN NEWBY. Residence, 1657 Gramercy Place; office. 444 Wilcox Building. Born September 30, 1868, near Hertford, Xorth Carolina. Son of Xathan and Frances Catherine (McMullau) Xewby. Married March 20, 1901, to Lucy Pearl Putnam. Moved to California .Tuly 18, 1895. Received his early education in the pub- lic schools of Xorth Carolina and Hertford Academy, graduating from the Law Depart- ment of the University of Virginia on .June 27, 18.SS, with the degree of B. L. Admitted to the bar of Xorth Carolina in 1889. and to the l>ar of California. For six years prac- BIOGRAPHICAL 445 ticed law in Swain Connty, in partnership with A. M. Frye, under the firm name of Frye & Xewby. From 1901 to date in part- nership with L. H. Valentine, under the firm name of Valentine & Newby. Member of the Los Angeles Bar Association and California Archeologieal Association. Democrat. GURNEY ELWOOD NEWLIN. Eesidence, 737 West 28th street; office, Title Insurance Building, Los Angeles. Born in Lawrence, Kansas, November 11, 1880. Son of Thomas Elwood and Laurie (Hadley) Newlin. Moved to California in 1886. Ke- ceived his early education in public schools geles Athletic and Harvard clubs, of Los An- geles, and Bohemian Club of San Francisco. Commissioner from California on Uniform State Laws. Eepublican. MILTON NEWMARK. Eesidence, Berkeley; office, 1212 Merchants Exchange Building, San Francisco. Born in Sacramento, California, August 12, 1876. Son of Joseph S. and Helen (Levinson) Newmark. Educated in the University of California, graduating in 1899, with degree of Ph. B., and receiving degree of M. L. in 1902. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1904. Com- menced the practice of his profession in asso- of Whittier, California, 1888-92, and later in Whittier Academy, 1892-96. Graduated from Los Angeles High School in 1898, and at- tended Haverford College, Haverford, Penn- sylvania, 1898-1900. Attended University of California in 1900, and graduated with the degree of B. L. in 1902. Entered Harvard University Law School in 1902, receiving the degree of LL.B. in June, 1905. Admitted to the bar in San Francisco, California, Septem- ber 14, 1904, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern Dis- trict of California. Commenced the practice of his profession in Los Angeles, in the office of Percy R. Wilson, until January, 1907, when he was appointed attorney for Los Angeles Pacific Eailway Company. Ap- pointed general counsel of Los Angeles Paci- fic Railway Company, March, 1910, resign- ing March, 1911, to attend to his general practice. Lecturer in Medical Jurisprudence of University of California, Department of Medicine, 1910-11. Member of American, California, and Los Angeles Bar Associations, California, Los Angeles Country and Los An- ciation with Nathan H. Frank, and later with the firm of Frank & Mansfield, which con- tinued until 1905. In 1905 associated with H. V. Brandenstein, which continued imtil 1908, when partnership was formed with the firm of Frank & Mansfield, continuing until 1910, when it was dissolved. From 1910 to date he has practiced his profession in part- nership with Walter D. Mansfield, under the firm name of Mansfield & Newmark. Member of Bar Association of San Francisco and Com- monwealth Club. Eepublican. EARL NEWMIRE. Eesidence, 1935 Tennessee Street; office, 809-811 San Fernando Building, Los Angeles. Born in Iowa, September 4, 1888. Son of Charles and Ola (Cutshall) Newmire. Moved to California in 1903. Attended Wilton Jet. High School, Wilton Jet., Iowa, 1902-3; Mis- sion High School, San Francisco, 1904; San Pedro High School, San Pedro, 1905-6, and the University of Southern California, 1906-9, receiving the degree of LL. B. in the latter 446 BIOGRAPHIC A L year. Read law in the office of Frank James ifrom 1907 to 1910. Admitted to the bar of California, at Los Angeles, September. 1909. In 1910 formed partnership with Isador Morris, under the firm name of Xewmire & Morris, which continues to date. For a period in 1910 was acting Deputy District Attorney of Los Angeles County. Counsel for the Legal Aid Society of Los Angeles and other charitable organizations. Secretary of Purity Election League, 1910. Specializes in law of water rights. Member of Good Government organ- ization; City Club and League of .Justice, Foresters and Moose fraternities. Republi- can. ALLEN PENFIELD NICHOLS. K»'>i"leiice and office, Pomona. Born A ]) ril 1, ISUT, at Burling- ton, Vermont. Son of Benjamin S. and Lucy H. (Pen- fiold) Xichols. Married July 2, 1891, to Elizabeth Adgate. Received early education in the private and jiublif schools of lUirlington, Ver- mont, until 1S85, when he entered the University of Vermont, and re- mained until 18h7. In 1890 and 1891 at- tended the Yale Law School, receiving de- gree of LL.B. at that institution in 1891. During the years of 1887 to 1890 he studied law in office at Pomona, and attended lectures in Los Angeles. Admitted to practice in Fair- field County. Connecticut, in June, 1891; to the bar of California in August, 1891; United States courts, at Los Angeles, in 1898. In 1891 he located at Pomona, and in 1903 en- tered the firm of Xichols & Pitzer, under which name he continues the practice of his profession to date. City Attorney of Pomona for one term. Director and attorney for First National Bank of Pomona; also attorney for Land and Water Companies, Salt Lake Rail- road, and other corporations. Member of the Masonic fraternity. Knight Templar, 32°, Scottish Rite, and Shrint-r, the B. P. O. E., and .Sigma Phi College fraternity. Repub- lican. RAY E. NIMMO. Residence. 1473 West 46th Street; office, 32(5 West 1st Street, Los Angeles. Born March 24, 1882, in Troy, New York. Son cf Charles A. and Angeline (Coon) Nimmo. Married July 2, 1908, to Mazie H. Earle. Educated in the public schools of Troy, New York; Troy Military Academy; Albany La.v School of Union University, Albany, New York, from which he graduated in 1903 with degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of New York in November, 1903, and California in March, 19(i8. From 190.5 to 1907 in ]>art- nership with Frederick C. Filley, under the firm name of Nimmo & Filley, in Troy, New York. United States Commissioner for Northern District of New York, 1906-7. Moved to Los Angeles in 1908. Assistant City Prosecuting Attorney for Los Angeles since December, 1910. Member of Union League and City clubs, Roosevelt League and Masonic order. Republican. ERNEST E. NOON. Residence, Lex Villa, A r t e s i a ; office, 829-830 California Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born in Santa M n i ca, October 7, 1887. Son of Michel and Bertha E. (Dixon) Noon. M a rried Adelaide E. Ludden, No- vember 20, 1910. Educated in the grammar schools at Santa Monica and Artesia, Cali- fornia. Attended University of Southern California, College of Law. and studied law in the offices of F^arl Rogers and P. W. Schenck from May, 1907. continu- ing until 191)9. Associated with P. W. BIOGRAPHICAL 447 Sehenek from that date until April 1, 1911, when he commenced the general practice of his i^rofessiou alone, which continues to date. Admitted to the bar of California, January, 1911; United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern District of California the same year. Member of the Los Angeles Ath- letic Club, Los Angeles Bar Association, and Masonic fraternity. Republican. EDWARD J. NOLAN. Residence, 1205 Highland Avenue; office, 433 Douglas Building, Los Angeles. Born May 10, 1888, in Rochester, New York. Son of Peter and Margaret (Purcell) Nolan. Moved to the state of California in 1904. Attended the St. Vincent's College for three years, and the University of California Law School for three years, receiving the degree O'f LL. B. Admitted to the bar at Los An- geles, .June 24, 1911. Rei^ublican. LUCIETIA HOGAN NORMAN. Residence, 332 N rth Dillon Street; office, Bryson Block, Los Angeles. Born in .lacksonport, Wis- consin, March 21, 1871. Daughter of Emanuel and Pauline (Bishop) Norman. Moved to California in December, 19 6. G r a d u ated from the University of Southern Cali- fornia in July, 1910, with degree of LL.B. Admit- ted to the bar of California at Los Angeles in July, 1909, and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Prac- tices law alone to date. JOHN CHARLES NORTH. Office, Title Insurance Building, Los An- geles. Born in 1880 in San Francisco. Son of John G. and Augusta C. (Nourse) North. Married in 1907 to Marie B. Watkins. Edu- cated in the public schools of California. Graduated from the University of Southern California, College of Law, in 1904, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1904 and later to United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. Deputy District Attorney of Los Angeles County for six years. Member of Los Angeles Bar Association and University Club. Republican. RICHARD LOOMIS NORTH. Residence and office. Riverside. Born Jan- uary 30, 1886, in Riverside. Son of John Greenleaf and Augusta (Nourse) North. Educated in the public schools of Riverside and University of California. Graduated from University of Michigan in 1911, with degree of B. L. Admitted to the bar of Michigan in 1911; California, 1911. Engaged in the general ])ractice of law in Riverside to date. Republican. ALBERT M. NORTON. Residence, 511 Western Avenue; office, 737 Consoli- dated Re altj' Building, Los An- geles. Born June 25, 1879, in Los Angeles, Califor- nia. Son of Isaac and Bertha (Greenbaum) Nor- ton. Married No- vember 27, 1904, to Myrtle Prenz- lauer. Educated in the public and high schools of Los Angeles, later entering the Uni- versity of Southern California (Law Depart- ment), from which he graduated in 1901, with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the state courts of California in Los Angeles, October, 1900, and later to the United States District and Circuit Courts. Commenced the practice of his profession in Los Angeles sliortly after admis- 448 BIOGRAPHICAL sion. Now member of firm of Trask, Norton & Brown. Secretary of Los Angeles Democratic County Central "Cominittee. 1902; Chairman of same, 190S-12. and Vice-chairman of Dem- ocratic State Central Committee, 1910-12. Member of the Concordia Club of Los Angeles and Native Sons of the Golden West. SAMUEL GORDON NORTH. Residence, 274(1 1st Street; office, 719-720 Timken Building, San Diego. Born Novem- ber 8, 1885, in Clayton, New Mexico. Son ol; Dr. Samuel I. and Eliza (Gordon) North. Married February (i, 1911. to Christene Cam- eron. Graduated from New Mexico Military Institute, June, 1906. Entered Washington and Lee University, Lexington, Virginia, Sep- tember, 190(5. Entered the Law Department of that institution September, 1908, receiving the degree of LL. B. in June, 1910. Admitted to the bar of California, at Los Angeles, Sep- tember 27, 1911. Practices law in San Diego to date. Democrat. BARTHOLOMEW S. NOYES. Residence, Oakland; office, Mills Building, San Francisco. Born February 6, 18-39, in Brooklvn, New York. Son of Moses G. and Mary C. (Skaats) Noyes. Moved to the state in 1877 and married Agnes Mooar, .Tune 23, 1897, daughter of Rev. George Mooar of Oak- land. Received his education in the public schools of Brooklyn, New York, and through private tuition and later taking a special law course at Harvard. Admitted to the bar at Boston, Suffolk County, Massachusetts, in 1882, and at San Francisco in 1882; later to all courts having jurisdiction in this stato. Commenced practice in 1882 alone and con- tinues to date, specializing in commercial and (•oration law. Republican. ALFRED MARSHALL NUCKOLLS. Residence, .34.3 Walnut Street; office, 417 Ifumboldt Savings Bank Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in Mendocino County, California, September 7, 1872. Son of James Nathaniel and Biddy (English) Nuckolls. Received his early education in the jiublic schools of Men- docino County, and later attended the Uni- versity of California and Hastings College of Law, graduating in 1903 with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco in 1903, and continues in the active practice of his profession to date. Member of the Commonwealth Club. CHARLES HENRY OATMAN. Residence, l^s.l C\ay Street, San Francisco; office, 1213 First National Bank Building. Born at Sacramento, .January 20, 1802. Son of Dr. Ira E. and Villitta (Cornell) Oatman. Attended Sacraiiiento i)ublic schools and grad- uated from the Sacramento High School in ]s77. Entered the l^niversity of California in 187S, graduating from that institution in 1SS2 with the degree of Bachelor of Philos- ophy. Studied law with Chief Justice Beatty and .ludge S. C. Denson at Sacramento, and admitted to the bar, at Sacramento, May, 1884. Practiced his profession at Sacramento from May, 1SS4, to January, 1898. Member of the firm of Beatty, Denson & Oatman during 1SS7-S8, which firm was dissolved upon .Judge Beatty becoming Chief Justice. Member of the firm of Denson, Oatman & Denson from .lanuarv 1, 1898, to April 1, 1900. Practiced alone from April 1, 1900, to January 1, 1902. Associated with the firm of Campbell, Metsoa BIOGRAPHICAL ^¥J & Campbell during the year 1902 and member of the successive firms of Campbell, Metson & Campbell, Cam^ibell, Metson & Drew, and Campbell, Metson, Drew, Oatman & Macken- zie, from January 1, 1903, to September, 1910, when the firm dissolved. From Septembei', 1910, to date has continued in the active prac- tice of his profession alone. Independent. JOHN P. O'BEIEN. Kesidence, 972 Eddy Street; office. Mills Building, San Francisco. Born February 13, 1864, in San Francisco, California. Son of Martin and Katherine (Kelly) O'Brien. Mar- i-ied December 14, 1892, to Teresa Anson. Eeceived education in the jiublic schools of San Francisco. Read law in the office of D. M. Delmas, and with the firm of Jordan & Bull, in San Francisco. Admitted to the bar of California, November 14, 1887, and later to the United States District and Circuit Courts and Circuit Court of Appeals. Commenced the practice of his profession in San Francisco in partnership with E. L. Campbell, which con- tinued until 1897, when he moved to Tuolumne County, where he practiced for six years. Returned to San Francisco, j^racticing alone until February, 1906, when he removed to Ne- vada. Admitted to practice in that state, and appointed Judge of the Southern District of Nevada, May, 1907, serving term of two years. Head of the Law Department of Gold- field Consolidated Mines Company until 1910, when he returned to San Francisco. Resumed the practice of his profession in that city, which continues to date. Member of B. P. O. E., and Knights of Columbus fraternities. Democrat. GEOFFREY C. O'CONNELL. Residence, 625 South Hope Street; office, 426 Douglas Building, Los Angeles. Born in 18 8 2 in Killarney, I r <■ land. Son of Da;i iel Jame s an Frances Shin'' Lawler O'Connell. Moved to Califor- nia in 1906. Edu- cated at Mt. St. M a ry's College, Derbyshire, Eng- 1 a n d. Received degree of A.A. in 1899 from Oxford University. Attended University of Southern California, College of Law. Admitted to the bar of California in 1908. Practiced law in El Cen- tro, California, for one year, when he moved to Los Angeles, where he continues to date. Deputy District Attorney of Imperial County for one j^ear. Republican. JOHN HENRY O'CONNOR. Residence, Downey, Califor- nia; office, 711 Merchants Trust Building, Los An- geles. Born in Downey, Califor- nia, February 13, 1883. Son of Pat- rick and Jane (Henry) O'Con- n r. Attend e d public schools of Los Angeles County, and St. Vincent's College, from which he gr a d u a t e d in 1904, with the de- gree of A.B., and from the University of California in 1909, receiving the degree of LL.B. Instructor at St. Vincent's College from 1905 to 1907. Studied law in the office of H. C. Dillon, 1908-9, and was admitted upon examination by Court of Appeals, Sec- ond District, at Los Angeles, January 19, 1909, to the United States District and Cir- cuit Courts, January 25, 1909, Formed part- nership with H. L. Lewis in August, 1909, under the firm name of Lewis & O'Connor, which exists to date. Member of the Phi Delta Phi fraternity. Republican. 450 BIOG R A P 11 1 C A L JOSEPH T. O'CONNOR. Rcsideiue, l!(i4() luoi'ii Stiiot; ulliie, 9(14 Morchaiits Ext-haiijjo Building, 8au Francisco. Born in San Framisco. June 19, 1S74. Son of .John and Margaret (Kearney) O'Connor. Ktlueated in the i>ublic schools of this state. Entered the University of California, gradu- ating therefrom in 1S91J, with the degree of B. L. Attended Hastings College of Law. re- ceiving degree of LL. B. in ]>>99. Admitted to the bar of California, May, 1.S99. RICHARD O'CONNOR. Ke.sidence. 977 Pine Street; ullite. First Na- tional Bank Building, San Francisco. Born January 7, 1SS2, in San Francisco. Son of Richard and Mary (Hurley) O'Connor. Grad- uated from the University of California with the degree of B. L. in 1904 and from Hastings College of Law in 1906, receiving the de- gree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco May, 1906. Member of the Univer- sity of California and Bohemian clubs. ROBERT ALVA ODELL. Residence, 1710 Le ^foync Street; office, 910 California Building, Los Angeles. Born August 19, 1882, at Port Byron, Illinois. Son of Robert Neilson and Sarah Eliza (Ward) Odell. Moved to this state in 1903. Married Alice Fern Sutley, September 20, 1904. Educated in juiblic schools of Rock Island County, Illinois, Molinc High School, Illinois, and the Gustus Business College of the same city. Entered the University of Southern California, College of Liberal Arts, 1903-4; and the College of Law, from which he graduated in .Tune, 1905, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the liar of California, .lune 2\, 1905, and later to the United States District and Circuit Courts. Associated with the firm of Tanner, Taft & Odell since ad- mission and now member of the lirm. Dele- gate to Republican County Convention, Los Angeles County, 1908. Member of Los Aa- geles Bar Association and Instructor in Col- lege of Law, University of Southern Califor- nia; member of the Sigma Chi fraternity. Re- publican. SAMUEL WILLIAM ODELL. Residence, 356 Palmetto Drive, Pasadena; office, 912 California Building, Los Angeles. Born November 4, 1864, in Hamjiton, Rock Island County, Illinois. Son of John Price and Sarah (Neilson) Odell. Married Decem- ber 27, 1888, to Clara Morgan. Educated in the common schools of Illinois and Iowa and Port Byron (111.) Academy. Graduated from Blooniington Law School of Illinois, Wesleyan University in 1887, with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Illinois, 1887; California, 1898, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. Engaged in practice at Port Bj'ron, Illinois, for one year when he moved to Moline, Illinois, where he practiced from 1888 to 1893, except for an absence of one year in Santa Cruz, California. Moved to Los Angeles in 1903. Became member of the firm of Tanner, Taft & Odell in 1904, which continues to date. City Attorney of Moline for one term. City Attorney of Santa Mon- ica, California, for one term. Lecturer on "Commercial Law" at Potts Business Col- lege, Pasadena, California. Author of "Sam- son," "Delilah" and "Altantians" (books for young people) and romance of "Athura." BIOGRAPHICAL 451 Member of Masonic order; Los Angeles Bar Association; Pasadena Board of Trade; and Westside Congregational Church of Pasadena. Progressive Republican. THOMAS EDWARD O'DONNELL. Residence and office, Hollister. Born in Hollister, June 25, 18S0. Sou of Thomas and Sarah (Moran) O'Donuell. Married January 8, 1908, to Amelia Breen. Graduated from the Hollister High School in June, 1897. Ad- mitted to the bar of California by the Appel- late Court, at San Francisco, October 13, 1909. Democrat. WILLIAM T. O DONNELL, Residence, 912 Georgia Street; office, Far- ragut Theatre Building, Vallejo. Born July 15, 1869, near the town of Benicia, Solano County. Son of John and Ellen (Kelly) O'Don- nell. Received his early education in the pub- lie schools of Solano County, later entering St. Augustine Military Academy at Benicia, from which institution he graduated. Immediately following his graduation from St. Augustine's he was appointed by the Secretary of the Navy as bookkeeper at the Mare Island Navy Yard, and in 1903 was promoted to the posi- tion of Chief Bookkeeper and continued in the government service as such until April 30, 1909. Admitted to the bar of California at San Francisco, December 9, 1902; to the Supreme Court and all United States courts having jurisdiction in California. Was elected to the office of City Attorney of the city of Valle.io on March 7, 1910, and reap- pointed City Attorney by the City Council on July 1, 19li, and continues to hold that office to date. Member of the B. P. O. E. and Royal Arcanum. FRED O'FARRELL. Residence, 1645 Second Street; office, 909 American National Bank Building, Sau Diego. Born October 12, 1874, in Taylor- ville, Illinois. Son of W. M. and Ellen (Shain) O'Farrell. Married December 25, 1906, to Winnifred Geer. Graduated from •San Diego High School, June, 1894. Later read law in the office of John D. Works. Ad- mitted to the bar of California at Los An- geles, April, 1896, and at the same time to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. For a number of years was associated with Hon. W. T. McNealy. Since January 1, 1911, has been in partner- ship with H. E. Mills, under the firm name of Mills & O'Farrell. Member of San Diego Bar Association, B. P. 0. E., Masonic bodies, 32°, Scottish Rite. Republican. JAMES E. O'KEEFE. Residence, Kensington Park; office, Mc- Neece Building, San Diego. Born in Niagara County, New YoTk, October 22, 1878. Son of Maurice and Margaret (Rhonan) O'Keefe. Married October 31, 1906, to Ida B. Mosher. Received his early education in the schools of Grand Rapids, Michigan. Graduated from Detroit College of Law in June, 1901, with the degree of LL. B., and received the degree of LL. D. the same year. Admitted to prac- tice at the bar in Lansing, Michigan, June, 1901. Practiced law in Grand Rapids until he moved to California in 1906, and was ad- mitted to the bar of this state in 1906. Practices his profession in San Diego to date Independent. 452 BIOGEAPHIC A L WILLIAM BRAYTON OGDEN. Kesideuce, Hol- lywoo d, Califor- nia; office, 428 Exchange Build- ing, Los Angeles. 1 lorn August 26, In7H, in Athol, Tri n c e Edward I Ounty, Ontario. Son of Wm. Nor- man and Mary L. (Rice) Ogden. T^Ioved to the state in 19 7 and married Alta Mav Swartwout, .Tune 18, 1911. At- tended the Chi- cago public schools, ^tate Preparatory School of Color- ado, University of Colorado (College), Uni- versity of Colorado (Law School), graduating in 189() with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar April 2.5, 1896, state of Colorado; May 2, 190(5, state of Nevada, and to the state of California February 6, 1911; and all Vjureaus and branches of the Department of the Interior, Washington, D. C, May, 1901. Secretary of County Central Committee of the Republican party in Boulder County. Colorado, 1896-1901.' County Attorney of Boulder County, Colorado, 19u2. In 1909 and 1910 was member of the firm of Ogden & Stickney, at Goldfield, Nevada, specializing in mining, business corporation and United States land laws. Member of the American Mining Congress and the Sierra Madre Club. Rejiublican. HENRY WILLIAM O'MELVENY. Kesiik'iice, :!2.">(i Wilshiio Boulevard; oftice, Title Insurance Building, Los Angeles. Born in Central City, Marion County, Illinois, Au- gust 10, 1859. Son of Harvey Kilpatrick Stuart and Anna Wilhelmina (Rose) O'Mel- veny. Married May 28, 1887, to M. A. Schilling. Educated in Los Angeles High School, from which he graduated May 28, 1887, and later attended the University of (^'alifornia, graduating in the class of 1879. Admitted to the bar of California, in Los An- geles, October, 1881. Served as Deputy Dis- trict Attorney under Stephen M. White in 1884. In ])artnership with J. A. Graves in 188.5, and in 1888 James H. Shaukland joined the firm, the firm name being Graves, O'Mel- veny 6: Shanklaud, which continued until 1904. Practiced alone until 1906, when he entered into ])artnership with Henry .T. Stevens. E. E. Milliken, entered the firm in 1907, the name being changed to O'Melveny, Stevens & Millikon. which continues to date. JAMES MOXLEY OLIVER. Residence, 247.5 Prince Street, Berkeley; office, 487 Monadnock Building, San Fran- cisco. Born May 1, 1874, in Contra Costa County. Son of Gibson R. and Charity M. (Seymour) Oliver. Early education received in public schools of Contra Costa County, 'alifornia, the Oakland High School and the University of California, in the class of 1898. Admitted to the bar in San Francisco, De- cember, 1900. Practiced law in Oakland from January, 1901, to September of that year, when he removed to Marin County. As- sociated with Albert M. Johnson in San Francisco, April, 1906, to June, 1907, and formed the partnership of Oliver & Hoar, which was dissolveeriod of three years the University of Michigan, receiving the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Michigan by the Supreme Court, April, 1868, and by the Supreme Court of California, 1869. Formed partnership the same year with the late Judge William P. Daingerfield, which continued until his election as Judge of the 12th District Court, January 1, 1876. Prac- ticed alone until August, 1877, when he be- BIOGRAPHICAL 453 came a member of the firm of Robinson, 01- ney & Byrne, which continued until 18S4. Continued to practice his profession under the firm name of Olney & Byrne from 188 J: until 1886. Member of the firm of Olney, Chickering & Thomas, 1886-92. Practiced and later with the firm of Page, McCutchen, Knight & Olney, which continues to date. Director and general attorney for the West- ern Pacific Railway Company. Attoruej' for the Regents of the University of California. Trustee of Hastings College of Law and Di- alone until 1895, when Warren Olney, Jr., was taken into partnership. Later J. M. Mannon and J. R. Pringle became members of the firm. Enlisted in Third Iowa Infantry May 21, 1861. Served continuously until Au- gust 15, 1865, mustering out with the rank of captain. Mayor of Oakland from April, 1903, to 1905. Member of military order of the Loyal Legion, Grand Army of the Re- public, San Francisco Bar Association (ex- president), and Claremont Country Club. Ex- president of the Unitarian Club, and member of the Berkeley Club and the University Club of San Francisco. WARREN OLNEY, JR. Residence, 2702 Dwight Way, Berkeley; oflQce, Merchants Exchange Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, October 15, 1870. Son of Warren and Mary Jane (Craven) Olney. Received his early educa- tion in Oakland public schools. Entered the University of California in 1887 and graduated in 1891, with the degree of A. B. Entered Harvard University in 1891 and graduated in 1892, with the degree of A. B. Entered Hastings College of Law in 1892, and graduated in 1894, receiving the de- gree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in June, 1894. Commenced the prac- tice of his profession in association with War- ren Olney, then in the firm of Olney «& Olney, and then in the firm of Olney, Pringle & Mannon. Practiced alone for a short period, rector of California Title and Trust Company. Member of the University, Unitarian and Sierra clubs of San Francisco, and Claremont Country Club, Faculty Club of Berkeley and Sutter Club of Sacramento; also of Beta Theta Pi college fraternity. Viee-])reHident of San Francisco Bar Association. Republi- can. HAROLD F. ORR. Residence a n d office, Ventura. Born March 26, 1888, i n Ventura. Son of Orestes and Ella (Com- stock) Orr. Edu- cated in the pub- 1 i c and h i g li schools of V e n- tura. G V aduated from the Univer- sity of California in 1909, with de- gree of B.L. Stud- ied law in the of- fice of his father, Orestes Orr, Ven- tura. Admitted to the bar of California in 1910. Associated with Orestes Orr, in Ventura, in the practice of law to date. City Attorney of Ventura, April, 1911, to date. Member of N. S. G. W. fraternity. Republican. 454 BlOGl! A PHIC AL ORESTES ORR. liosidoiice and onitc, V 11 t lira. Born Doc'Oiiibcr .l, 18.17. ill W a y n o (' o uiity, Illinois. Soil of Oasselnian .1 n d Marietta I \V i 1 1 e t t) Orr. Moved to Califor- nia in LS7S. Mar- r i e d March 20, 1SS3, to Ella Coin- s t ock. Educated in the p ii 1) 1 i c schools of Illinois. Studied law in the office of Williams & Williams. Ad- mitted to the bar of Calif uniia iu IS-S2 and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. Commenced the practice of law in Ventura in partnership with L. F. Eastin under the firm name of Eastiu & Orr, which continued until 1885, when he was elected District Attorney of Ventura Countv. This office he held until 1890. For three years was in partnership with N. Blackstoek, under the firm name of Blackstoek & Orr, since which time he has practiced alone. Member of California Senate, 1893 and 189.1. Member of I. O. O. F. and B. P. O. E, Ee- publican. WILLIAM H. ORRICK. Residence, :i.l7 \'ernoii Street, Oakland; office, 43(1 California Street, San Francisco. Born in Oakland, December 5, 1878. Son of Oliver S. and Mary Frances (Scott) Orrick. Attended the I'niversity of California and later the Hastings College of Law. Admitted to the bar of California iu May, 1903, and was associated with the firm of Bishop, "Wheeler & Hoefler until 1901. Practiced alone until .Tiily, 1910, when he entered the firm of (ioodfellow & Eells, the firm name being changed to (ioodfellow, Eells & Orrick, which continues to date. Member of the Claremont Country .iiid University clubs. Re- publican. FRANK FREDERICK OSTER. Residence, San Bernardino; office, San Ber- nardino. Born in Sparta, Monroe County, Wisconsin, June 3, 1860. Son of Michael Peter and Magdalene (Titus) Oster. Moved to California in 1886. Married in 1891 to Elsie McDonald. Graduated from the Sparta High School in 1878; University of Wisconsin in lss2, with the degree of B. L. Read law with the firm of Morrow & Masters, at Sparta, Wisconsin, and was admitted to the bar of Wisconsin in 1885. Elected to the conibine.l offices of Justice of Peace and Police Judge of the City of Sparta in 1885. Served one year and resigned in 18S6, moving to Colton, California. Ajipointed first City Attorney of Colton in 1S8S, and served until 1892. Elected District Attorney of the county of San Ber- nardino in 1892 and moved to San Bernardino in January, 1893. Formed jiartnershij) with W. J. Curtis January 1, 1890. Elected Judge of the Sui>erior Court of San Bernardino County in 1885, and continuing to hold that office to date. Member of the Masonic order, B. P. O. E., and Knight.s of Pythias fraterni- ties, and Jonathan and Union League clubs of Los Angeles. Republican. FREDERICK GRANT OSTRANDER. Residence and oflice, Merced. Born Octo- ber 8, 18(51, in Snelling, Merced County, Cali- fornia. Son of Harvey J. and Lydia A. (Wheeler) Ostrander. Married June 27, 1883, to Sarah H. Ellery. Received his education in the jiublic schools of Berkeley, later attending the I'niversity of California ami grailuating in the class of 1883. Served as court reporter of Merced County from 1886 until 1891. Ad- mitted by the Supreme Court to the bar of this state in April, 1896, prior to which he was admitted to practice by the Superior Court. Commenced the active jjractice of his profession in 1891, in Merced, and in 1892 was elected District Attorney of Merced County, holding that office until 1900, when lie resigned and was appointed Judge of the Superior Court for unexpired term of one year. Moved to Fresno in 1902 and entered into partnership with Lewis H. Smith, prac- ticing under the firm name of Smith & Ostrander, which continued until 1906, when he returned to Pierced aiul has remained in BIOGEAPTIIC AL 455 the practice alone to date. General counsel for the Yosemite Valley Railroad and local attorney for the Atchison, Topeka & Santa Fe Railroad, San Joaquin Light and Power Company, and the Yosemite Transportation Company. Member of the N. S. G. W., B. P. O. E, and W. O. W. fraternities. Member of the San Francisco Bar Association. Repub- lican. GEO. E. OVERMYER. Res idenee, 31 Short Way, South Pasadena; office, 5 2 7 Byrne Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born in North V e rnon, Indiana, X V e m b e r 28, 187 6. Son of David and Alice (Hicks) Over- m V e r. Married Eflfie M. Neil, Au- gust 10, 1904. At- tended high school at Topeka, Kansas, and the Kansas State Uni- versify for a period of two years. Admitted in Topeka, Kansas, September, 1902, and studied law in the office of his father prior to his admission. Entered into partnership after admission and practiced until his father's death, January, 1907, under the firm name of Overmyer & Overmyer. Practiced alone thereafter for a period of one year and moved to California, April 8, 1908. Continues alone in the active practice of his profession to date. Member of Metropolitan Club. Democrat. EUGENE OVERTON. Residence, 651 North 23d Street; office, 403 Wright & Callender Building, Los Angeles. Born May 11, 1880, in Fort Grant, Arizona. Son of Gilbert E. and Jane D. (Watkins) Overton. Married Georgia Caswell in 1907. Educated in the grammar and high schools of Los Angeles, graduating from the latter in 1899. Read law in the offices of Lee & Scott, Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California, in Los Angeles, 1902. Member of the firm of Chase, Overton & Lyman, which continues to date. Member of Good Govern- ment Organization and California club. Re- publican. ERWIN W. OWEN. Residence and office, Bakersfield. Born April 19, 1873, in Caldwell County, Missouri. Son of .Josiah and Sarah C. (Cramer) Owen. Married in 1903 to Anna Lege. Educated in the public schools of Texas; National Normal LTniversity, Lebanon, Ohio, and University of Texas. Admitted to the bar of Texas and California. Member of the firm of Claflin & Owen to the present time. Postmaster of Eagle Pass, Texas, 1898 to 1906. Elected County Treasurer of Maveric County, Texas, 1908, which office he resigned when he moved to Bakersfield. Member of Masonic order. Republican. PAUL OVERTON. Residence, 1233 West 39th Street; office, 6 4 5 South Hill Street, Los Angeles. Born March 18, 1879, at Willis, Texas. Son of Col. James Frank and Mary L. (S t u r g e o n) Over ton. Edu- cated in the pub- lic schools of Texas, and in 1895-96 s t u died 1 a w a t Washing- ton, D. C, under Jus tices Harlan and Brewer. Graduated from Cornell University in 1900 with degree LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Texas in 1900; California, October, 1902; and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. Prac- ticed law in San Antonio, Texas, until 1902, when he removed to Los Angeles and became associated with Dunning & Craig, attorneys for Wholesalers Board of Trade of Los Ange- les, until 1903, when he was appointed Assist- ant Attorney General of the Philippine Islands. This office he held until 1904, when he returned to Los Angeles and became asso- ciated with the Los Angeles Gas and Elec- tric Corporation. Assistant general counsel of that corporation to date. Vice-president of Cornell University Club of Southern Cali- fornia. Member of University Club, Los An- geles Bar Association, and Masonic bodies; 32° Scottish Rite, Shrine, and Senior Warden of West Lake Lodge No. 392, F. & A. M. 456 BIOGEAPH I C A L MADISON TOWNSEND OWENS. Ki'>i.leiHt-'. 10 7 North Friends Av- e n u e ; office, R e i (1 e r B I ock, Whittier. Born in A p o llo, Pennsyl- V a n i a, April i;^ 18 5 2. Son of Samuel and Eliza- beth (Townsend) Owens. Received his early educa- tion in the Water- 1 o High School, Iowa, from 1869 to 1872, and there- upon attended the S t ate University of Iowa, graduat- ing theiefrom June IS, 1878. with the degree of LL.B. Admitteil to the Supreme Court of Iowa and United States Circuit and District Courts for Iowa, June IS, 1S7S. County At- torney of Black Hawk County, Iowa, for five years. Member of the City Council of Waterloo, Iowa, for two years. Moved to California in 1SS8, and admitted to the bar of that state April 4th of the same . year. Elected Police Judge for the city of Los Angeles in 1889, serving until 1899. Moved to Whittier in 1900 and appointed City Attor- ney for that city and served for about one year. Member of Staff, Governor of Iowa, 1884-88, with the rank of Lieutenant-Colonel. Ap- pointed Major and Signal Officer, First Brigade, X. G. C, October 7, 1889. and organ- ized the signal corps in May, 1890, and was in command thereof for about ten years. In April, 1912, he was appointed by Governor Hiram W. Johnson Judge Advocate-General of the National Guard of California, with the rank of Colonel. President of the Board of Library Trustees from 190(5 to date, and President of the Trustee section of the Stafe Library Association of California. Member of the National Geographic Society and American Academy of Political and Social Sci- ence, Los Angeles County Bar Association, Jonathan Club of Los Angeles, Masonic or- der. Knight Templar (Past Commander of Los Angeles Conimandery No. 9), Shriner, As- sociate member of the Military Service Insti- tution of the T'nitod States. Republican. BENJAMIN E. PAGE. Residence, 765 South Pasadena Avenue, Pasadena; office, 704 Merchants Trust Build- ing. Los Angeles. Born October 16, 1877, in North Haven, Connecticut. Son of Benjamin M. and Cornelia (Blakeslee) Page. Married March 1, 1906, to Marie Markham. Received his early education in the ]iuV)lic schools of Pasadena, having moved to this state in 1887. •Graduated from Stanford University, with the degree of A. B., in 1899, and received the degree of LL. B. from the Columbian Uni- versity in 1902. Admitted to the bar of New York in October, 1902; California, April, 1903; United States Supreme Court, 1911. Commenced the ]>ractice of his profession in association with the firm of Bicknell, Gibscn (SL- Trask, and later in association with the late Clarence A. Miller, which continued until .Tan- uary, 1904, when he entered into partnership with Mr. Miller, which continued until May 15, 1906. Entered into partnership with Josejih R. Patton, December 1, 1906, whieh continued until 1910. Engaged in general practice alone to date. Member of the Cali- fornia club and Los Angeles Bar Association. Repuldican. EOGER SHERMAN PAGE. Residence, 2226 Michigan Avenue; oflBce, 314-316 Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born in Austin. Minne-ota, .July 1, 1875. Son of .Judge Sherman and Hattie (Adams) Page. Moved to California in 1SS2. Married Lora Yariel in 1904. Graduated from the Los An- geles High School in 1S96. Studied law in Los Angeles. Admitted to the Supreme Court of California October, 1898, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern District of California. Practiced law in Los Angeles alone to date. Member Masonic order. Republican. ■WnLLIAM FLEET PALMER. l^esidence, 1534 Ingraham Street; office, 504 Pacific Electric Building, Los Angeles. Born .January 18, 18 6 2, in Clinton C unty, Indiana. Son of Judge Tru- m a n Henry and Margaret Ann (Moore) Palmer. Mar ried October 15, 1889, to Flor- ence E. E w i n g. Educated i n t h e public schools o f Frankfort, I n d i- a n a. A t tended St. Louis Law School of Washington Univer- sity one year. Studied law in his father's office. Admitted to the bar of Indiana, .Jan- uary 17, 1883, and to the Riverside. Califor- nia, Superior Court. 1893; to the bar of the state of California, 1906, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Souihcrn California. Practiced in partner- ship with his father, under the firm name of Palmer ic Palmer, of Frankfort, Indiana until the death of Judge Palmer in November, 1904, except one year in Riverside, Califor- BIOGRAPHIC AL 457 nia. Practiced his profession since 1906 in Los Angeles. Prosecuting Attorney 4oth Judicial Circuit of Indiana, 1896 to 1898. Member of Indiana National Guards for many years. Counsel since March 1, 1911, for San Pedro, Los Angeles & Salt Lake Railroad. Member of First Christian Church of Los Angeles. Democrat. WARREN M. PALMER. ' Residence, 1428 Twelfth Street; office, 142 I. O. O. F. Building, Santa Monica. Born October 23, 1870, in Iowa. Son of Abram and Ruth E. (Caldwell) Palmer. Married February 14, 1894, to Myrtle Moseley. Edu- cated in Iowa Falls High School in 1887. Attended Cornell College, Mount Vernon, Iowa, for a period of three years. Graduated from Ellsworth College, Iowa Falls, Iowa, in 1893, receiving degree of B.A. Read law in the office of S. M. Weaver, Justice of Su- preme Court of Iowa. Admitted to ':he bar of California, May 5, 1905, in Los Angeles. Commenced the practice of his profession alone in Santa Monica, and continues active practice to date. Served as Mayor of Webb, Clay County, Iowa, 1900-1. Member of I. O. O. F. fraternity and of Miltonian Literary Society. Republican. FRANK MERSHON PARCELLS. Residence, 318 Lee Street, Oakland; office, 941-943 Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born March 19, 1867, in Newton, Jasper County, Iowa. Son of Charles Bennett and Anna Louise (Mershon) Parcells. Married to Mary S. Shreve, November 12, 1903. Moved to California in 1879, and graduated from the Oakland High School in 1885. Attended the Universitv of California and received the degree of Ph.B. in 1892. Entered Harvard Law School and received the degree of LL.B. in 1895. Admitted to the bar of California in August, 1895, and has continued in the active practice of his profession since that date. President of the Board of Directors of Oakland Free Library and Museum. Member of the Commonwealth Club and of the San Francisco Bar Association. Republican. SAMUEL HOLLINS PARDUE. Residence, 1412 Sec ond Avenue ; office, 6 2 Fergu- son Building, Los Angeles. Born S e p t e mber 19, 18 8 6, in Clarks- v i lie, Tennessee. Son of John Will- i a m and Lillian Barbara (Hollins) Pardue. Married July 22, 1908, to A m a nda Carney Turnley. E d u- cated in the pub- lic schools of Clarksville, T e n- nessee, and moved to California in 1900. Attended tlie L( s An- geles High School, University of Michigan and the University of Southern California, from which institution he graduated on June 16, 1910. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles, July, 1909. Member of the University and City clubs of Los Angeles. Republican. KENT KANE PARROT. Residence, 2302 Juliet Street ; of- fice, 502 Exchange Building, Los An- geles. Born at Kennebunkp o r t, Maine, M a v 2 2, 18 8 0. S o'n o f William Joseph and Georgette Gray ( G r u b b ) P a rrot. Married October 22, 1905, t o Mary Also p. Received early ed- ucation in e m- m o n schools o f ^Boston, later en- tering Phillip's Exeter Academy, at Exeter, New Hampshire. Attended Bridgton Academy, Bridgton, Maine. In 1907 he moved to California, and entered the LTniversity of Southern Califor- nia, College of Law, receiving degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in 458 B I Cr R A P n I C A L 1909. engaging in the practice of his pro- fession in partnership with F. C Fairbanks, uniler the firm name of Fairbanks & Parrot, until 1910, when partnership was formed and continues to date under the firm name of Porter, Morgan & Parrot. Member of Los Angeles Bar Association. Kepublican. FORCE PARKER. Residence, Venice; office, ^iin H. W. Hell- man Building, Los Angeles. Born in Roch- ester, New York, January 31, 1S66. Son of George Tan and Permelia Jane (Marsh) Parker. Moved to this state in December, 19(>any and other corporations. Prohibition. CORNELIUS W. PENDLETON. Residence, 1310 St. Andrews Place; office. 307 Douglas Building, Los Angeles. Born January 4, 1 8 .5 9 , in X e w York Citv. Son f William H . and Margaret A. (Carothers) P e n - dleton. Mar ried July 12. 1886. to Elizabeth Brower. Educated iu the public schools in the city of Xew York, Xew York College, and Brown University of Providence, Rhode Island, whence he graduated in 1881. Studied law in the office of the Honorable John K. Alexander, of Salinas, Monterey County, and in the office of Thomas L. Carothers. of Ukiah. Admitted to the bar of California in Sacramento, Octo- ber 14, 1884, and commenced the practice of his profession in San Francisco, continu- ing until 1885, when he moved to Los Angeles. Court Commissioner of Los Angeles County in 1*<9.3 continuing in that office until 1895. Member of the California legislature, elected from the 71st District for the 30th, 31st and 34th Sessions, and Speaker of the Assembly in last session. Elected to the State Senate, 3.5th and 36th sessions. Appointed Collector of Customs in February, 1907, and reap- pointed in 1911, continuing to hold that office to date. Member of the California, Union League, Los Angeles Country, and San Gabriel Valley Country clubs. Union League Club of San Francisco, and the Masonic fra- ternity. Shrine, and B. P. O. E. Republican. CORNELIUS W. PENDLETON, JR. Residence, 1310 St. Andrews Place; office, 307 Douglas Building, Los Angeles. Born October 28. 1888, in Los Angeles. Son of C. W. and Elizabeth (Bower) Pendleton Educated in the public schools of Los An- geles. Graduated from Harvard Military School in 1906. Graduated from the Univer- sity of California in 1909, with degree of A. B., and iu 1910 graduated from the law school of that institution with degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in January, 1911. Member of Alpha Delta Phi fraternity. Republican. CLARENCE BRAIDEN PENN. Residence, 238 Cahuenga Street; office, 526 Merchants Trust Building, Los Angeles. Born in Abingdon, Virginia. February 28, 1880. Sou of George Edward and Estelle (Gilmore) Penn. Moved to California in 1906. Mar- ried Kathleen White .January, 1906. Edu- cated in public and private schools of Vir- ginia, University of Virginia, and Washington and Lee University. Admitted to the bar r.f California in 19(i7. Appointed Deputy City Attorney September, 1910. which position he occupies at date. Member Los Angeles Bar Association. Democrat. JOHN ALBERT PERCY. Residence, 943 A-hbury Street; office, 1113 Claus Spreckels Building, San Francisco. Born February 4, 1871, in Illinois. Son of •Tohn Albert and Hannah Mary (Miller) Percy. Married Anna A. Smith February 10, 1904." Moved to California in 1875. Gradu- ated from the High School of Salinas. June, 1S8S; Universitv of the Pacific, with the de- gree of A. B., *in 1891, and A. M. in 1896, and from the University of Michigan in 1893, receiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar in the state of Michigan, June, 1893, and to the bar of California September. 1893. Practiced in San Jose from 1893 to 1895; in San Francisco from 1895 to present date. Member of the firm of Pierson & Mitchell from 1896 to 1900. DARIUS ENOCH PERKINS. Residence, 725 Xorth Willis Street; office. Ill Xorth Church Street. Visalia. Born in Warren County. Missouri. October 18, 1S6S. Son of Henry P. and Virginia Taylor (Moorv>) Perkins. Moved to California in 1869. Mar- ried October 13, 1891, to Maud Harrell. At- tended the public schools of Tulare County; Visalia Xormal School; Sackett School at Oakland, and the University of California in 1889. Admitted to the bar of California in September. 1S96. Practiced law in Visalia to date. Democrat. GEORGE R. PERKINS, JR. Residence, iJdii Geary Street; office. 1607 Chronicle Building, San Francisco. Born in Chicago, Illinois, June 12. 1881. Son of George R. and Emma D. (Widger) Perkins. Married December 6, 1911. to Stella M. Shane. Graduated from the Lincoln Grammar School. San Francisco, in 1895, and from Lowell High School in 1898. Entered the Universitv of BIOGEAPniCAL 461 California, graduating therefrom in 1902, with the degree of A. B., and from Hastings Col- lege of Law in 190-1 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1903, and commenced the practice of his profession alone. Served as Assistant District Attorney in the office of the District Attorney of San Francisco, 1910-12. In 1911 became associ- ated with the firm of Carroll Cook & William Hoff Cook, with whom he continues to prac- tice to date. Member of Masonic fraternity. Republican. HAROLD D. PERRY. Eesidence, Oakland; office. Merchants Na- tional Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, March 18, 1884. Son of George Henry and Laura E. (Dray) Perry. Married Anna M. McArthur, April 15, 1909. Educated in the public schools of Alameda, School, Van der Naillen College in 190.5, later entering Hastings College of Law of the University of California in 1908, gradu- ating in 1911 with the degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar by the District Court of high school, Anderson Academy, and Poly- technic Business College of Oakland. Ad- mitted to the bar of California by the Dis- trict Court of Appeals, First District, in San Francisco, April 20, 1911. Studied law in the office of Geo. H. Perry, and in other offices. Member of Fruitvale 'Lodge No. 336, F. & A. M., N. S. G. W., Unitarian Club of Ala- meda, Commonwealth Club of San Francisco and Bar Association of San Francisco. Ee- publiean. RAYMOND PERRY. Residence, 1350 5th Avenue; office. Mer- chants National Bank Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in San Francisco, April 3, 1887. Son of George H. and Laura E. (Dray) Perry. Married to Inez W. Reed, November 6, 1909. Educated in the Everett Primary School, Haight Grammar School, Alameda High Appeals, May 17, 1911, and entered into partnership with his brother, H. D. Perry, practicing under the firm name of Perry & Perr,y, which continues to date. Member of Commonwealth Club. WILLIAM C. PETCHNER. Residence, 5121 Echo Street; office, 732 Title Insurance B u i 1 d- ing, Los Angeles. Born Ma y 15, 1870, i n Bryant City, Wyoming. Son of Francis and Anna (O'Con- n o r ) Pet chner. Moved to C a 1 i - fornia in the fall of 1870. Mar- ried in 1896 to Mary Oxby. Evlu- cated in the com- mon schools and business c o 1 lege of California. Studied law in the offices of York & McLachlan and Judge D. P. Hatch, of Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California in April, 1895, and later United States Circuit and District of Southern California. Associated with .ludge D. P. Hatch for ten years, with O. A. Trippett for two years, and with Myron Westover for some time. Practices law in to the Courts 462 BIOGRAr II I V AL Los Angeles alone at this time. Specializes in corporation law. Member of the Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. HENRY GORDON PETTIT. Kosiilonce. 120.5 Blanche Avenue, Tropieo; office. itlO-919 California Building, Los An- geles. Born in London, England, May 1, ISSo. 8on of Robert Walter and Sarah (White) Pettit. Married August 2;i. 1907, to Margaret Grundy. Educated at the Ongar Grammar School. England; Walthamston Technical School, England, and the University of South- ern California, College of Law, from which he graduated in 1909, receiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles, June 21, 1909, and later to United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Associated with Tan- ner, Taft & Odell to date. Member of the Knights of Pythias. Republican. JOHN PHELPS. Residence, Ol'.j Loomis Street; office, 632 lio.iier Laughlin Building, Los Angeles. Born December 12, 188G, in New Orleans, Louisiana. Son of William Augustus and Mary Matilda (Morrison) Phelps. Attended the public schools of Los Angeles until 1889; St. Vincent's College until 1906, re- ceiving the degree of B. S.; Stanford Uni- versity, 19U9, and the University of Southern California, College of Law, receiving the de- gree of LL. B. in 1911. Admitted to the bar at Los Angeles, California, June 19, 1911. Member of the University and Annandale Country clubs and Phi Delta Phi. Democrat. WILLIAM WALLACE PHELPS. Residence, Los Angeles; office, 207 South Broadway, Los Angeles. Born April 21, 1869, in Red Wing, Minnesota. Son of William Wallace and Sarah (Mann) Phelps. Married to Agnes Gordon Handy, in 1898. Edu- cated in the public schools of his native state, and at Michigan University, Ann Arbor, Michigan, receiving LL. B. degree in 1891. Graduated from Law Department of Yale University in 1894, receiving degree of D. C. L. Admitted to the bar of Michigan, in Ann Arbor, Michigan, 1892; to the bar of California, in Los Angeles, 1906. En- gaged in active practice of his profession in Chicago, Illinois, In 1906 he moved to California, where he became a member of the firm of Smith, Miller & Phelps, of Los Angeles, in which firm he continues his prac- tice to date. Member of Masonic order, Shriner, Knight Templar, and B. P. O. E. fraternities; also of Union League Club and Chamber of Commerce of Los Angeles. Re- publican. DIXON LAWRENCE PHILLIPS. Residence a ii d office, Hanford. Born June 1 2 , 18.58, in Yazoo City, Mississipjii. Son of Seaborn Moses and F.milv C. (Walker) Phil- lips. Moved t California in De- cember, 18 7 2. Mar ried Decem- ber 28, 1882, to Florence C. Mil- ler. Educated in the public a n d private schools of Mississippi and California. Stud- ied law in the office of Sayle, Tupper & Tujt- per, Fresno. Taught in the public schools of Fresno County for two years. Admitted to the bar of California, June 16, 1879, and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. En- gaged in the practice in Fresno until 1881, when he moved to Hanford, where he con- tinues to date. Member of Hanford School Board from 1887 to 1890. City Attorney of Hanford from 1891 to 1894.' Trustee of Kings County Law Library since 1894. President of Kings County Bar Association. Appointed Superior Judge of Kings County in 1898 by Governor Budd. Member of Knights of" Columbus and B. P. O. E. De- livered lectures on "The Legal Status of Women in California." Democrat. LEE ALLEN PHILLIPS. Residence, 4 Berkeley Square; office. Pa- cific Mutual Building, Los Angeles. Born August 24, 1S71, in .\shtoii, Illinois. Son of BIOGRAPHICAL 463 Milton Eaves and Maggie Elizabetli (Wet- zel) Phillips. Moved to California in Au- gust, 189J:. Married Catherine CofRu, Decem- ber 19, 1895. Educated in the public schools of Iowa; Simpson College, Iowa, and re- ceived degree of A. B. from Southwest Col- jSTational University, Washington, D. C. Ad- mitted to practice before the bar of the United States Supreme Court, January, 1889, and admitted to the bar of California, No- vember, 1889; also in the Appellate Division of the Supreme Court of New York, 1901; lege, Winfield, Kansas, in 1892, and degree of A. M. from that institution in 1894. At- tended Law Department of University of Kansas for one year, and in 189-1: received degree of LL. B. from De Pau University. Admitted to the bar of Indiana in 1894; California, 1894, and to the United States Circuit Court at the same time. Commenced the practice of his profession in Los Angeles in partnership with George I. Cochran and W. J. Williams, under the firm name of Cochran, Williams & Phillips, which con- tinued until 1907, when he was appointed associate counsel of Pacific Mutual Life In- surance Company, which position he holds to date. Third Vice-president of Pacific Mu- tual Life Insurance Company. Member of Phi Gamma Delta and Delta Chi fraternities, California, Los Angeles Athletic, and Los Angeles Country clubs, Bohemian Club of San Francisco, and Yosemite Club of Stock- ton. Eepublican. LOUIS ERNEST PHILLIPS. Residence, 2416 Eansomo Avenue; offices, 513-515 Union Savings Bank Building, Oak- land. Born January 11, 1867, in Speedsville, Tompkins County, New York. Son of Robert Augustus and Annie E. (Boyer) Phillips. Mar- ried July 7, 1909, to Elsie M. Courrier. Edu- cated in Glenwood Institute, Howard County. Maryland; Stalcup School, Alexandria County, Virginia; Curtis School, Georgetown; Spencer- ian Business College, Washington D. C., and United States Circuit Court of Nebraska, 1902. Practiced his profession in San Fran- cisco as a member of the firm of Clement & Phillips from 1892 to 1893, and from 1893 to 1897 as a member of the firm of Phillips & Henderson. Subsequently, from 1903 to 1905, practiced as a member of the firm of Phillips & Adams. Served four years as United States Special Attorney, and four years as United States Commissioner. Candi- date for Congress, 4th Congressional Dis- trict of California. Member of the Repub- lican County Committee of San Francisco. Repeated visits and several years abroad, contributing to Washington and California publications on travel and sociological sub- jects. Member of Masonic order. WILLIAM THOMAS PHIPPS. Residence, Ben Ali, Sacramento Count}'; office, Bryte Building, Sacramento. Born March 2, 1859, in Chariton County, Missouri. Son of James S. and Mary (Elliott) Phipps. Married April 29, 1885, to Mary E. Mayhew, Attended the public schools of his native state until April, 1878, when he moved to Cali- fornia; and attended the schools of Yuba City for one year. In August, 1880, en- tered Hastings College of Law, graduating in June, 1883, with degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, May 28, 1883, and immediately commenced the prac- tice of his profession in partnership with M. E. Sanborn, in Yuba City, California, 464 BlOG i: A ril IC AL which continued until the firm was dissolved in 18S7, since which time he has practiced alone. In 1891 located in Marysville. where he remained until 1899. On November 2, 1S99, removed to Sacramento, where he con- tinues active practice to date. Member of Masonic fraternity and Knight Templar. Ke- publican. FRANK PIERCE. Residence. 719 Cataliua Street; office, 808- 809 Hibernian Building. Los Angeles. Born April 3, 1857, in Londonderry. A^ermont. Son of Alvah Warren and Lucy (Allen) Pierce. Married January 2, 1888, to Mary H. Aver Graduated from Burr & Burton Seminary, Manchester, Vermont, in 1877; Williams Col- lege, 1881. Admitted to the bar of Utah in 1886. Member of the firm of Pierce, Critchlow & Barrette. Member of the Utah legislature, 189U-94; Utah Constitutioual Con- vention 189.0. First Assistant Secretary of the Interior in the cabinets of Presidents Roosevelt ami Taft, November 1, 19t37, to June 1. 1911. Mason. H. A. PIERCE. Residence. 131:2 Ilalldale Avenue; office, 204-20.5 Fay Building, Los Angeles. Born in Derby Line. Vermont, March 2, 1839. Son of John Frary and Abigail (Fisk) Pierce. Moved to California in 1857. Married in 1871 to Helen Corwin Fisher (deceased) and in 1905 to Nellie Allee. Educated at Newbury, Vermont. Admitted to the bar in the Dis- trict of Columbia in lS(i3. and continued the jiracticc of his profession there for six years. Admitted to practice before the United States Supreme Court in 1866. Moved to California in 1S57. Engaged in the practice of law in Los Angeles to the present time. Appointed Township Justice in Los Angeles in 1903. serv- ing until 1911. Member of the Los Angeles County Bar Association and Masonic order. GEORGE M. PIERSON. Residence, 9 3 5 D e 1 Marte A v - enue; office, 811 H . W . Hellman Building. Los An- geles. Born in Toppka, Kansas, :\larch 29. 1887. Son of Barak S. and E 1 i z abeth B a iley (Mercer) Pierson. M o ved t California i n 188^7. Graduated from Pa sadena High School i n 1 9 G and Uni- versity of South- ern California in June. 1910, with the degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, at Los Angeles. August 1, 1910, since which date he has been associated with the firm of Col- lier & Clark. Member of the Y. M. C. A., Metropolitan and Why Clubs of Los Angeles. Republican. JOSEPH ELMER PIPHER. Residence. Hil^ 27tli street; olHce. 426i2 J Street. Sacramento. Born in December, 1876, in Monticello, Illinois. Son of Alonzo T. and Mary Josephine (Myres) Pipher. Moved to California in 1879. Married Feb- ruarv 14. 1900. to Louise Mason. Received BIOGRAPHICAL 465 his education in the public schools of Modesto, California, and studied law in the offices of L. J. Maddux and P. H. Griffin, of Modesto, and in the office of Wilbur F. George, of Sacramento. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia January, 1898, in San Francisco, and commenced the practice of his profession at Sacramento, in partnership with Charles C. Holl, practicing under the firm name of Pipher & Holl, which continued until 1899. Appointed Deputy District Attorney of Sac- ramento County in 1899, continuing until 1903. Member of the court reporters' staff from 1903 to date, and continues the j)rac- tice of his profession in partnership with J. V. Hart, practicing under the firm name of Hart & Pipher. Appointed Court Commis- sioner in 1902 and continues in said office to date. Member of the Sutter Club of Sac- ramento, and the Masonic and B. P. O. E. fraternities. Eepublican. LOUIS CHARLES PISTOLESI. Eesidence and office, Sausalito', Marin County. Born January 1, 1866, in San Fran- cisco. Son of Joseph G. and Rosalie (Com- ponstania) Pistolesi. Married to Rose M. Reed, April 29, 1889. Educated in the public schools of San Francisco and at Heald's Busi- ness College. Admitted by the Superior Court in 1888 and by the Supreme Court in 1891; later to the United States District and Cir- cuit Courts and Circuit Court of Appeals. Commenced the active practice of his profes- sion in San Francisco, continuing until 1909, when he removed his office to Sausalito, where he remains in the active practice to date. City Prosecuting Attorney of San Francisco, 1891-95. City Attorney of Sausalito from 1901 to 1903. Trustee of Sausalito in 1903 and re-elected in 1908. Elected Supervisor oi: Marin County in 1904 and re-elected in 1908. Member of the N. S. G. W., Eagles and Moose fraternities. Progressive Republican. RUSSELL K. PITZER. Residence and office, Pomona. Born in 1878 in Iowa. Son of Samuel C. and Alice (Kelly) Pitzer. Moved to California in 1893. Married in 1905 to Flora A. Sanborn. Edu- cated in the public schools of Colorado. Graduated from Pomona College, with the de- gree of A. B., 1900; Hastings Law School, with the degree of LL.B. in 1903. Admitted to the bar of California in 1903. Member of the firm of Nichols & Pitzer to date. Republican. G. M. PITTMAN. Residence and office, San Bernardino. Born October 28, 1886, in Oro Grande, San Bernardino County, California. Son of Dr. H. and .Josephine (Monterey) Pittman. Edu- cated in the public schools of San Bernardino. Studied law in the office of Byron Waters, San Bernardino. Admitted to the bar of California. For six months in partnership with Raymond Hodge, since which partner- ship has been engaged in the practice alone. Deputy Sheriff of San Bernardino County, 190.5-6. Deputy United States Special Indian Officer, 1905-6. Police Judge of San Ber- nardino, 1910. Justice of Peace of San Ber- nardino since January. 1911. Deputy Coroner of San Bernardino since January, 1912. Mem- ber of Co. "K," 7th Reg., X. G. C, B. P. O. E., P. A. P., K. of P., San Bernardino Bar As- sociation, Royal Highlanders, and Grand Tuna of Golden Neptunes. Republican. JOHN A. PLUMMER. Residence, 1135 North Center Street; .office. Courthouse, Stock- ton. Born Octo- ber 17, 1858, in Marshall County, Iowa. Son of Joseph and Mary (Farquhar) Plum- mer. Married De- cember 25, 1883, to Belle Cady. Edu- cated i n public schools of native state, and at Friends' A c a d e- my. L e Grand, Iowa. Read law in the office of Hon. J. W^ Nevada. Admitted to the 1886, and to the bar of C United States District and 1892. Commenced practice . Dorsey, of Elko, bar of Nevada in alifornia, and the Circuit Courts in of his profession 466 BIOGFA P H I C A L at Elko Couuty, Nevada. Elected District At- torney of that county, serving two ^-ears, 1890-92. Moved to Stockton, California, in December. 1892, entering into i)artnership with J. M. Kile, under the firm name of Kile & Plummer. which i-ontinued until 189S, when he became a member of the firm of Plummer & Dunlap. Dissolved jmrtnership in 19.06, since which time has practiced alone. Ap- pointed .ludge of the Sujierior Court of San Joaquin County, April, 1910, and elected to that oflice the following fall for term expir- ing 191.J. Member of Knights of Pythias. Rei)ublican. WILLIAM GUSTAVUS POAGE. Residence and office, Ukiah. Born in John- ston. Missouri, March 21, 1869. Son of Simeon C. and Amanda (Brockman) Poage. Moved to California in 1876. Married Ella Laughlin, March 21, 1899. Attended the pub- lic schools of California, and in 1891 entered the University of California, where he contin- ued for two years, with one year in Hastings College of Law. Admitted to the bar of Cal- ifornia by the Supreme Court in San Fran- cisco, January 9, 1894; United States District Court, May' 21, 1906. Citv Attorney of Ukiah froni 1894 until 1899." District Attor- ney of Mendocino County from 1899 to 1902, since which time he has continued in the I>ractice of his profession. Member of the Civic League and Chamber of Commerce. Democrat. EMIL POHLI. Residence, 18;'> Dclniar Street; oflico, 604 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born Novem- ber 12, 1862, in Gossan. Canton Zuerich. Switzerland. Son of Henry and .\nna (Egli) I'ohli. Received his early education in the common schools of his native countrj-, and at the Red Cross Seminary, at Unterstrass. Zuerich, Switzerland. Came to the United States in 1881. Took special course in Eng- lish studies at Northwestern College, Naper- ville, Illinois, and was assistant professor in the German Department of that institution in 1882. Arrived in California in 1SS3, where he engaged in educational and other pursuits until 1891, when he was appointed official shorthand reporter of one of the departments of the Superior Court of the city and county of San Francisco. Married Kate A. Jacoby in 1891. Admitted to the bar of California in December, 189-5, and later to all the fed- eral courts in the state of California. Prac- ticed alone until 1903, when he entered into partnership with J. K. Webb, ex-Judge of Fresno County, under the firm name of Webb & Pohli. After the dissolution of this firm in 1904 he practiced alone, with the exception of two short periods, until January 1, 1911, at which time he became associated with the firm of Lindley & Eickhoff, which association continues to date. Member of San Francisco and California Bar Associations. FRANKLIN TRACY POORE. Residence, 1740 Pacific Avenue; office, Mills Building, San Francisco. Born March 5, 1882, at Ft. Bidwell, Modoc County. Son of James Waterman and Zonetta (McCrerry) Poore. Married Emma Marcella Brown, April 8, 1911. Received his education in the public and grammar schools of Modoc County, graduating in 1898. Has been associated with Edwin L. Foster and Robert M. Moody before and since admission to the bar. Admitted to the bar before the District Court of Appeal, First Dis- BIOGRAPHIC A L 467 triet, at San Francisco, July 31, 1906, since which time has practiced his profession alone. JOHN D. POPE. Residence, 1.327 Vermont Avenue; office, 526 Stimson Building, Los Angeles. Born in Ross- well, Georgia, February 17, 1838. Son of Micajah and Harriet (Bruce) Pope. Married to Grace Sinims February 22, 186.5. Moved to California in 1890. Educated in private schools in Georgia. Entered the State Univer- sity at Athens, in 1857, and graduated in 1859 with degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of Georgia in I860; to the federal courts in 1865; to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1870; to the bar of Missouri in 1873, and to the bar of California in 1890. Judge of the Superior Court, Atlanta, Georgia, 1868-70, when he resigned. Apj^ointed United States Attorney General for the state of Georgia, 1870 to 1872, when he resigned and removed to St. Louis in 1873 and continued practice until re- moval to C'alifornia. Republican. FRANK M. PORTER. Residence, 2663 Orchard Avenue; offi c e, 5 2 E X- c li auge Building, Los Angeles. Born August 15, 18 5 7, in Wiscon- sin. Son of Clin- ton H. and Mary (Monroe) Porter. Moved to Califor- nia in 1887. Mar- r i e d August 10, 18 9 3. Educated in the public sc h 1 s of Ran- dolph, Wisconsin. Graduated from Univ e r s i t y of Wisconsin in 1881, with degree of A.B., and from the Law Department of that Institution in 1883, with degree of LL.B. In 1909 he received the degree of LL.M. from the College of Law of University of Southern California. Ad- mitted to the bar of Wisconsin, 1883; Cali- fornia, 1888, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. Practiced law in Madison, Wiscon- sin, from 1883 to 1887. For four years mem- ber of the firm of Porter & Ollis, and for one year member of the firm of Richmond & Por- ter. Practiced law alone in Los Angeles until 1910, when he formed partnership with Vincent Morgan and K. K. Parrot, under the firm name of Porter, Morgan & Parrot, which continues to date. Dean of College of Law, University of Southern California, 1904 to date. Lecturer on "Evidence," "Wills," "Bailments," "Carriers" and "Personal Prop- erty." Member of American, California and Los Angeles Bar Associations, Chamber of Commerce, and University, Metropolitan, Sunset Gun, City and Casa la Roca clubs. Republican. ROBERT CUSHMAN PORTER. Residence, 3234 Pacific Avenue; office, 1700 Clans Spreckels Building, San Francisco. Born in Martinez, Contra Costa County, Cali- fornia, April 23, 1875. Son of Charles Bruce and Annie (Williamson) Porter. Received his education from the public schools of San Fran- cisco and later grailuating from the Harvard University, with the degree of LL. B., in 1898. Admitted to the bar of California in October, 1898, and continues in the active practice of his profession, practicing alone. Member of the Commonwealth, University and Harvard clubs. Republican. CHARLES A. POST. Residence, 4236 South Figueroa Street; of- fice, 315 Grant Building, Los Angeles. Born in Indiana in 1871. Son of Charles P. and Mary A. (Davis) Post. Received primary educa- tion in public schools of Indiana. Attended Valparaiso College from 1891 to 1894. Moved to California in 1894, and attended Los An- geles State Informal School. Upon completing course, taught in the Los Angeles public schools, at Palms, for five years. Admitted to the United States Circuit and District Courts of California in 1903. In 1903, formed partnership with J. M. Davis and Robert W. Kemp, practicing his profession, which con- tinues to date. Member of Knights of Pythias. Re})ublican. 468 BIOGRAPHICAL CHARLES NICHOLS POST. Resilience, I'.ilo U f^treot; ofliee. Court- house. Sai-ramento. Born March 14, 1856, in Rolling Hills, Eldorado County, California. Sou of Albert V. V. and Cornelia M. (Alniy) Post. Married to Nellie M. Shepherd March 25, 1880. Received his ediu-ation iu the pub- lic schools of Sacramento and Folsoni, Cali- fornia, and studied law iu the office of Colonel Creed Hayniond, of Sacramento. Admitted to the bar of California in November, 1879, and served as Deputy Clerk of the Supreme Court from 1880 to 1883. Entered into piart- nership with Henry Edgerton in 1883, prac- ticing under the firm name of Edgerton & Post, which partnership was dissolved in 1885. Elected Justice of the Peace for the city of Sacramento in 1885, and continued in that office until 1S89. when he was appointed City Attorney of Sacramento and served in that office until 1891. Practiced alone from that period until 1895. when he was appointed Assistant Attorney-General, which office he iield until 1907. In this year he was ap- pointed Judge of the superior bench by Gov- ernor Pardee, and in 1909 was elected to a full term of six years, continuing to hold that office to date.' Member of the B. P. O. E.. Native Sons of the Golden West, and Knights of Pythias fraternities, Society of the Sons and Daughters of Pioneers, Sacra- mento .Atliletic and Northern California Ken- nel clubs, and Capital City Wlicclmen's Club. Republican. JOHN ABBOTT POWELL. Residence, 4505 Myrtle Avenue; office, 1132 Title Insurance Building, Los Angeles, Cali- fornia. Born February 21, 1884, in Rosen- dale, Wisconsin. Son of John W. and Martha (Abbott) Powell. Married June 23, 1909, to Nina A. Sheldon. Attended Ripon College, Ripon, Wisconsin, and received the degree of A. B. in 1905. Attended Columbia Univer- sity, New York, and received the degree of .\. M. in 190(i, and the further degree of LL. B. in 1907. Moved to California in 1907, and was admitted to the bar of this state in Los Angeles, in .lanuarv, 1908. Republican. JEREMIAH HARRISON POWELL. Residence, 1225 Westlake Avenue; office, Title Insurance Building, Los Angeles. Born November 5, 1889, in Richmond, Kentuiky. Son of Charles S. and Ella Lee (Harber) Powell. Received early education in the pub- lic schools of Kentucky, preparing for college in Riciimond pre]iaratorv school. Attended Kentucky State University, 1905-7. Gradu- ated from the Law Department of the Uni- versity of Michigan, with degree of LL. B., in 1910. Admitted to the bar of California, January, 1911 and the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Practiced in Los Angeles to date. E. B. POWER. Residence, 1526 Masonic Avenue; office, 1212 Hum- boldt Bank Build- i n g, San Fran- cisco. Born in Nevada City, Ne- vada County, Cal- ifornia, Nov em- ber 22. 1870. Son of Frank and Elizabeth (Kent) P wer. ^Married M i n erva Lester, December 18. 1895. Graduated from high school in J u n e, 18 8 9. Admitted to t h e bar by tlie Supremo Court of California, in San Francisco, .Inly 21. 1891, and to the Supreme Court of tlie United States. October, 1911. District Attorney of Nevada County, California, from 1899 to 19<12, Deputy Attor- ney-General of the state of California, from January, 19(i:!. to 1907. Assistant Attorney- General (if the state of California, from July, 19(17. to date, ^^ember of the Masonic fra- ternity, B. P. O. E.. and Past President N. S. (J. W." Republican. NEAL POWER. Residence, San Frautisco; offit-e. Mills Building, San Francisco. Born October 30, 1S72. Washington, D. C. Son of James d'Alton and Mary (Murray) Power. Moved BIOGRAPHICAL 469 to the state of California in 1887. Eeceived his education in the public and private schools of the District of Columbia, St. Ignatius Col- lege, San Francisco; Georgetown University, Washington, D. C, receiving the degree of A. B. and LL. B. in 1895-97, and the degree of LL.M. from the Law School of the city of New York, in 1898. Admitted to the bar at New York in 1898; San Francisco in 1899, and to the United States Supreme Court in 190.3. Practicing alone at San Francisco since 1899. Member of the University and Olympic clubs. MAURICE EDWARD POWER. Residence and office, V i s a 1 i a. Born December 14, 1860, in Santa Clara County, Cali- fornia. Son of John and Mary A. (W e 1 c h) Power. Married June 14, 1897, to Nellie Kil- breath. Educated in the public schools of Califor- nia; H a r m o n's Academy, Irving- ton and Santa Clara College. Studied law in the offices of ,J. B. La- mar, San Jose. Admitted to the bar of California, Au- gust 5, 188.5, and later to the United States Circuit aud District Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. Practiced law alone in San Jose un- til 1888, when he moved to Visalia. January, 1891, formed partnership with W. H. Alford, under the firm name of Power & Alford, which continued until 1898. In 1906 formed part- nership with Daniel McFadzean, under the firm name of Power & McFadzean, which con- tinues to date. District Attorney of Tulare County, 1891 to 1894. Member of Company "B," Fifth Infantry, N. G. C, for eighteen months. Member of B. P. O. E. and I. 0. 0. F. fraternities. Democrat. FRANK H. POWERS. Residence, 2714 Steiner Street; office, Ne- vada National Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in Calaveras County, September 25, 1864. Son of Aaron Hubbard and Emma Louisa (Sweasey) Powers. Married October 15, 1891, to Jane M. Gallatin. Received his education from the public schools of Sacra- mento and later graduating from the Uni- versity of California, with the degree of B. S. Admitted to the bar at Sacramento, No- vember 9, 1886, when he commenced the prac- tice of law in Stockton. Removed to San Francisco and formed partnership with J. N. Young, under the name of Young & Powers, which partnership continued until June, 1896. He then formed the firm of Heller & Powers, and in 1905 Sidney M. Ehrman joined the firm, which became Heller, Powers & Ehrman. Member of the legislature of California in the 31st Session of 1895. Member of the Bohemian, University, Army and Navy and Commonwealth clubs. Republican. JAY E. POWERS. Residence, 7 2 12 Sou t h Bonnie Brae Avenue; of- fice, 207-2(;9 Bul- la r d Block, Los Angeles. Born December 7, 1887, in Los Angeles. Son of Edward E. and Clara H. (Hoeber) Powers. Educated i n t li e public and h i g h schools of Los Angeles; Univer- sity of California, 1908-10; Hast- ings Law School, 1910-11. Admit- ted to the bar of California, July 18, 1911. Member of Powers & Hatton until April, 1913, when he became member of the firm of Powers & Holland, which continues to date. Member of Los Angeles Athletic Club and Zeta Psi fraternity. Republican. FRANK F. PRATT. Residence, Union League Club; office, 412- 417 Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Born November 30, 1869, in Chicago. Son of Al- bert H. and Mary Adelaide (Fay) Pratt. 470 r.ioG i: A r Ji 1 c AL Educated in the Chicago public and high schools, and later attended the Lake Forest Tniversity, graduating from the Law De- partment in lS9o, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Chicago, ^L1rch 2(5, 1S95, and commenced the practice of his pro- fession alone, being also engaged in finan- cial promotion work in New York and Lon- don. Moved to California in 1903, and was admitted to the bar of that state at that period, practicing alone until 1904, when he entered into partnership with Grove E. Wal- ter, under the firm name of Walter & Pratt, until 190.^. I'pon the dissolution of this firm he entered into partnersiiip with Howard E. Reach, under the firm name of Pratt & Reach, wiiii-h association continues to date. Mem- ber of the Union League. Metropolitan, Knickerbocker, and Gamut clubs, and of the Masonic. B. P. O. E. and Loyal Order of the Moose fraternities, also of the Los Angeles County and State Bar Associations. Repub- lican. FREDERICK A. PRESTON. Residence. 3itot> Masi-ot .Street; office. 701 California Building. Los Angeles. Born Au- gust 21, 1S72. in Grinnell. Iowa. Son of S. S. and Amelia (Wilde) Preston. Married February 24, 1909, to Lorena M. Weber. Educated in Grinnell College, 1890-93. En- tered the State University of Iowa, gradu- ating from the Law Department, with degree of LL. B., in 1901. Admitted to the bar of Iowa, June, 1901, and immediately com- menced the practice of his profession in part- nership with his brother, Judge Byron W. Preston, which continued until 1903. when the firm was dissolved. Partnership was then formed with Horace W. Gleason and contin- ued until 190S, when he moved to California. Admitted to the bar of California in the same year, since which time he has engaged in gen- eral practice alone to date. Member of K. of P. fraternity. Republican. I. H. PRESTON. Residence, 2146 La Sallo Avenue; office, (ilO Laughlin Building. Los Angeles. Born in Car- roll County, Illinois. February 27. 18.59. Son of J. R. and Amy M. (Stewart) Preston. Mar- ried October 28, 1886, to Lillie M. Morrison. Moved to California in December, 1882. Educated in Rock River University and Uni- versity of Pacific. Studied law with Waldo M. York. Admitted to the bar of California October, 1892, and to the United States Cir- cuit Court shortly after. Member of the Masonic order. Repulilican. WILLIAM JAMES PREWETT. Residence and office. Auburn. Placer County. Born in Tehachapi, Kern County. California, January 27, 1878. Son of .Tames E. and Emma Jane (Crow) Prewett. Mar- ried Mabel Lardner. April 23. 1904. At- tended the public schools at Auburn and High School at Sacramento, and later the Univer- sity of the Pacific, at College Park, near San Jose. Admitted to the bar of California, in Sacramento, by the Third District Court of Appeals. June 24. 1907. Commenced the prac- tice of law in Lincoln, Placer County, July 23, 1907, and continue. Married Lillian L. Bel- cher, December 21, 19ln. Graduated from the University of Southern California, College of Law, in 1909, with the degree of LL.B. BIOGRAPHICAL 479 Admitted to the bar of California, in Los An- geles, June, 1909. Deputy District Attorney of Los Angeles County, to date. Eepubliean. JOHN" EVAN RICHARDS. Eesidenoe, 338 South 10th Street; office. Courthouse, San Jose. Born in San Jose, July 7, 1856. Son of Eichard Evan and Mary (Hamilton) Eichards. Married November 23, 1881, to Mary Westphal. Attended San Jose public schools from 1861 to 1872, and the L^niversity of the Pacific, College Park, from 1872 to 1877 (Classical Course), gradu- ating in the latter year with the degree of B. A. Entered University of Michigan (Law Department) in 1877 and graduated in 1879, receiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Michigan, April 2, 1879, and to the bar of California, July, 1879. Com- menced practice of his profession immediately at San Jose. During the years of 1895 to 1899 maintained law office in San Francisco, continuing in the general practice of his pro- fession until his appointment to the Superior bench on September 6, 1907. Elected full term in 1908, since which time he has con- tinued in the office of Judge of the Superior Court in and for the county of Santa Clara. Lecturer at the University of Pacific on "History" and "Rhetoric" and "Law" from 1885 until 1889. Writer upon various sub- jects, literary and historical, in prose and oc- casional verse. Member of the Masonic, Knights of Pythias and Native Sons of the Golden West fraternities. Eepubliean. ROBERT W. RICHARDSON. Residence, 3041 Key West Street; office, 228-229 Central Building, Los Angeles. Born September 29, 1851, in Mil- lersburg, Ken- tucky. Son of Edward Henry and Mary (Ken- nedy) Eichardsou. Married October 15, 18 7 2, to Martha J. Halli- burton. G r a du- ated from the grammar schools of St. Louis, and read law in the office of Hon. J. B. Upton, of Bolivar, Missouri. Admitted to the bar of Missouri, at Bolivar, on October 20, 1887; Nebraska, 1889; California, November, 1905, and later to the United States Circuit and District Court of Southern California. Mem- ber of the firm of De France & Eiehardson, in Omaha for several years; later with Blair & Eiehardson until removal to California. Con- nected with the United States Agricultural Department, as Special Eoad Commissioner, for four years. Moved to California in Sep- tember, 1905, and entered into partnership with George C. Martin in June, 1907, prac- ticing under the firm name of Eiehardson & Martin, which firm was dissolved in Novem- ber, 1910, since which time he has practiced his profession alone. President of the Fed- eration of State and Provincial Organizations of Southern California. Member of the Los Angeles County Bar Association. Eepubli- ean. LEE RIDDLE. Residence, Long Beach; office, 902-904 Hig- gins Building, Los Angeles. Born in De Witt County, Texas, April 16, 1863. Son of Joseph and Margaret (Vice) Eiddle. Married to Viola Lucas, December 25, 1892 (deceased), and Lucile Gott, July 25, 1905. Principally edu- cated in the common schools of Texas. At- tended the University of Texas, 1886-87. Ad- mitted to the bar of Texas at Granburv, Hood County, March 29, 1888, and to the Supreme Court of Texas, April 12, 1892, at Austin. Ad- mitted to practice by the 2d District Court of Appeals of California in Los Angeles, Febru- aiy 28, 1910; to the United States District Court, Southern District of California, in Los Angeles, March 2, 1910, and to the United States Circuit Court the same date. In 1889 he formed partnership with Judge George W. Eiddle, under the firm name of Eiddle & Eid- 4S0 BIOGFAPII IC AL die, which continued for one year. Entered into partnership with T. O. Martin, in 1892, practicing under the firm name of Riddle & Martin, located at Granbury, Texas, the part- nership being dissolved in November, 1898, when he was elected District Attorney for the 29th Judicial District. Re-elected to the above office for second term. Formed part- nership under the firm name of Riddle «S: Morris at Granbury, Texas, March 30. 1901, which partnership was dissolved March 30, 1903. Candidate for Democratic nomination for Congress of the 12th Congressional Dis- trict of Texas in 19o2. Removed from Gran- bury to Stephenville. Texas, April 1, 1904, and formed jiartnership with Judge J. B. Keith, under the firm name of Riddle & Keith, which continued until May, 190(5. Vice- president of the First National Bank of Stephenville, 1903 to 1904, President of this institution until 1905. Continued to practice law after resigning from this bank in the same city until December. 1909, when he moved to California, to enter the firm of Morton, Riddle & HoUzer, the firm name being changed January 1, 1911, to Morton. Riddle, Hollzer & Morton, which continued until Janu- ary 1.1, 1912, when he formed partnership with O. E. Smith, under the firm name of Riddle & Smith, until the death of Mr. Smith on April 28, 1912. Formed partnership June 1, 1912, with Sebald Cheroske. under the firm name of Riddle & Cheroske. Member of Texas Legislature, 1891-1892. Democrat. THOMAS CALDWELL RIDGWAY. Residence, 2t)21 Mcnlo Avenue; office, 308- 310 H. W. Hellman Building. Los Angeles. Born in Shawneetown. Illinois. October 21. 1878. Son of Geo. A. and Sarah (Caldwell) Hidgway. Married Grace R. Rowley in 1910. Attended the public schools of Washington, D. C, Corcoran School of Science of Wash- ington, D. C, and the Columbian University, Law School, from which he graduated in 1S99 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar at Honolulu, Hawaii, in August, 1899. Practiced law in Hawaii for six years. Moved to California in 1905, and was ad- mitted to the bar in that year, and to the United States Supreme Court on December 10, 1908. Member of the Los Angeles Bar Association and Masonic order. Republican. STANISLAUS A. BILEY. Residence. 175 Belvedere Street; oflace, 514- 520 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco May 5, 1880. Son of James •). and Ellen (Dempsey) Riley. Attended the public schools of San Francisco. 1885-96, later entering St. Ignatius College, from which he graduated with the degree of A. B. in 1900, and the degree of A. M. in 1905; Hastings Law College in 1903. receiving the degree ot LL. B. Admitted to the bar at San Fran- cisco May 16, 1903, and practiced continu- ously to date. Democrat. JOHN HENRY RIORDAN. Residence. 219.") Devisadero Street; office. At- t o r ney-General's Office, San Fran- cisco. Born in Salinas City, Cali- fornia, September 28, 1886. Son of Thomas J. and Madge (Sheeliy) R i r d a n. Re- ceived his early education in the Salinas City pub- lic schools. E n - tered Santa Clara College in 1901. receiving the de- gree of B. A. in 1905, degree of M. A. in 1906, and the de- gree of LL. B. from the University of Cali- fornia in 1909. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, in San Francisco in 1909. Associated in the office of Francis J. Henev from 1906 to 1910, and with Charles W. Cobb, 1910 to 1911, Member of Law Faculty of Santa Clara Col- lege. Apjiointed Special Assistant to State Attorney-General, June 1. 1011. ALBERT PAXIL RITTENHOUSE. Residence. Los Angeles; office, suite 223- 227 Byrne Building. Los Angeles. Born May 26, 1844, in Bloomfield, Jefferson County, Ohio. Son of James and Rebecca (Bell) Rittenhouse. Married April 9, 1884, to Eliz.a BIOGRAPHICAL 481 G. Eeynolds. Received his education in the public schools of Ohio, and Franklin College, Harrison County, Ohio. Admitted to the bar in Ohio, April IS, 1869; Missouri, October, 1871; Iowa, October, 1877; Nebraska, July, 1881; Colorado, 1882, and California in Octo- ber, 1904, in which year he moved to Cali- fornia, and has been engaged in practice since that date. Served as Private 180th Ohio Eeg., Vol. Inf., 1864-6.5. Representative Mis- souri Legislature, 1864-6.5. Judge 8th Ju- dicial District Colorado, 1887-88. Represen- tative Colorado Legislature, 1890-91. Dem- ocrat. EMMET C. RITTENHOUSE. Residence, 84 Myrtle Avenue; office, 88 ipacific Avenue, Santa Cruz. Born in Lattys- burg, Wayne County, Ohio, September 8, 1878. Son of Ruben B. and Margaret Ann (Martin) Rittenhouse. Moved to California August 12, 1900. Married September 8, 1906, to Josephine J. Parker. Attended the public schools of Surry County, Virginia, from 1886 to 1889; Ashland, Ohio, 1890, and the City of Ashland, from 1890 to 1899, grad- uating therefrom in the latter year. Entered Stanford Universitv in 1900 aiid received the degree of A. B., May 18, 1904. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco, Janu- ary 20, 1906, and commenced the practice of his profession in San Jose in partnership with W. P. Netherton, practicing until Sep- tember 8, 1906. Practiced alone until Novem- ber 1, 1907, when he entered into partnership with .1. L. .Johnston, which continues to date. ROBERT P. RIVERA. Residence, 226 South Broadway; office, 300-302 Equitable Building, Los Angeles. Born Sejitember 15, 1876, in California. Son of .J. M. and Genevera (De Lugo) Rivera. Received his education in the public schools of Los Angeles and graduated from the Uni- versity of Southern California in June, 1911, receiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles by the District Court of Appeal, July 24, 1911, and practiced his profession as a member of the firm of Rivera and Gates to date, making a specialty of corporation and criminal law. Member of T. O. 0. F. Republican. JOHN LLOYD McCULLOUGH ROBBINS. Residence, 2203 Sacramento Street; ofl&ce, Merchants Na- tional Bank Build- ing, San Fran- cisco. Born Oc- tober 22, 1875, in Suisun, Solano County, Cali- fornia. Son of Renel Drinkwater and Saditha (Mc- Cullough) R b - bins. Ma rried Mary Cowl, Feb- ruary 6 , 1906. Attended the pub- lie schools of Sui- sun, and" later prepared for University of California at Hop- kins Academy, Oakland, from 1891 to 1893. Graduated from the University of California in 1897, receiving the degree of Ph. B., and from Hastings Law College in 1898. Ad- mitted to the bar at San Francisco, Septem- ber 8, 1898. Assistant Attorney-General of Hawaii during 1900. Associated to date with Gavin McNab. Member of the Pacific, Union League, Bohemian and Burlingame Country' clubs, the Lawyers' Club of New York, and Masonic order. Republican. HOWARD ROBERTSON. Residence, 157 Wilton Drive; office, 526 Merchants Trust Building, Los Angeles. Born in Salt Lake City, Utah, July 31, 1877. Son of Reuben H. and Catherine F. (McCom- mie) Robertson. Moved to California in 1884. Educated in public and private schools of Los Angeles. Read law in Los Angeles. Ad- mitted to the bar of California October 15, 1901, and the District Court for the Southern District of California September 15, 1904. Continued in general practice alone until April 25, 1905, when he was appointed Deputy City Attorney, and at the present time is Chief Deputy City Attorney. Member of the Los Angeles County Bar Association. Secre- tary of Board of Governors Museum of His- tory, Science and Art of the County of Los Angeles. Republican. 482 niOG R A /' // / C A L RICHARD FELIX ROBERTSON. Residfucf. ■J.-iit Main Strei-t. J-.»s Gatos; office. First National Hank Building. San Jose. Born in Mazatlan. Me.xico. October 12, 1863. .Son of Kichartl Lew ami Canuta (Hedeza) Robertson. Moved to California November, 1S63. Married Cassie Shannon January 5, 1S87. Educateil in the public schools of San Francisco and by ]»rivate tutors. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco, September 8, 1898. City Attorney of Los Gatos from 1898 until 1905. Practicing in San Jose since 1901. Republican. DUDLEY W. ROBINSON. Kcsi.lciu-o, 4 1 \Vi'st Orange Av- enue. M o u rovia; office. (i37 Bryson Building. Los An- geles. Born Sep- tember 18, 1881, in Wash ington, 1). C. Son of II e n r y D. a n d Kmma L. (Raun) Robinson. Moved to California, Jan- uary, 1908. Mar- rien. Admitted to practice at tlie bar of California, .lanuary 4, 1897, by the United States District and Circuit Courts, and by the United States Circuit Court of Appeals. Prac- ticed law alone in San Francisco, until 1902, wlien he became a member of the firm of Sul- livan & Sullivan, which continues to date, under the firm name of Sullivan, Sullivan & Theo. J. Roclie. Democrat. TUDOR S. RODGERS. Residence, 360 Alameda Drive; office, 530 Granger Block, San Diego. Born October 4, 1885, in St. Paul, Minnesota. Son of Welling- ton J. and Mary R. (Tudor) Rodgers. Mar- ried Edna May WHiite in 1899. Attended Hartford, Connecticut, public schools. Moved to California in 1899 and graduated from the University of Chattanooga, Tennessee, Law De- lyaitment,'^ with the degree of LL.B, and at- tended the University of Southern California in 191I2-:?. Admitted to the bar of Tennessee, October 2, 1911, and to the bar of California, in Los Angeles, October 23, of the same year. Practiced one year in Chattanooga, Tennessee, associated with .ludge C. R. Evans. In 1911 he formed jiartnersliip with Hon. James E. Wadham, under tiie firm name of Wadham & Rodgers, until January 1, 1912, when T. B. Cosgrove joined the firm and it then became Wadham, Cosgrove & Rodgers. Republican. BIOGRAPHICAL 485 EARL ROGERS. Eesidence, 2040 Xorth Vermont Street; oflBce, suite 401 California Building, Los An- geles. Born November 18, 1870, near Buffalo, New York. Son of Lowell L. and Adela A. (Andrus) Eogers. Moved to California in 1872. Married in 1893 to Hazel Belle Green. Educated in Ashland (Oregon) Academy; St. Helena Academy, St. Helena, California; Syracuse (New York), University. Studied law in the oflSces of Judge W. P. Gardiner, Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in 1897. Engaged in the general prac- tice of law in Los Angeles to date. Special- izes as a trial lawyer. Contributor of various legal subjects to magazines. Democrat. HENRY JOSEPH ROGERS. Kesideuce, 9 8 Oak Street, Oak- larrd; office, 375 Sutter Street, San Francisco. Born in New York City, August 7 , 18 8.". Son of Franklin a n d Annie (La- tour) Rogers. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1S9."!. Educated in t li e Oakland High S c h ol, Boo)ie's University Acad- emy, and the U n i V e r s i ty of California. On editorial staffs of San Fran- cisco "Examiner" and "Call" from 1904 to 1910. Admitted to the bar of California at San Francisco, February 22, 1910. Admitted to United States Circuit Court October 4, 1911. Appointed Special Prosecuting At- torney of Trinity County in Thomas P. Hay- den murder trial. May 22, 1911, associating with District Attorney Horace Given of Trinity County, and District Attorney Robert Duncan of Mendocino County. Chief Deputy County Auditor of Alameda County from 1907 to 1909. Entered the legal department of the Spring Valley Water Company May 1, 1912, and continues in that office to date. Member of the Masonic fraternity, and B. P. O. E. Eepublican. MERLE J. ROGERS. Residence, corner Buena Vista and 1st Streets; office, 3-5 First National Banli Building, Ventura. Born in Yamhill County, Oregon, August 18, 1871. Son of Dwight G. and Carrie (Burton) Rogers. Moved to the state of California in July, 1894. Marricnl July 15, 1896, to Mollie B. Launer. Educated in the grammar schools of Oregon. Admitted to the bar of California, October, 1900. Prac- ticed in Ventura alone until 1902, when he formed partnership with Thomas O. Toland, which continued until 1910, since which time he has continued in the practice of his pro- fession alone. City Attorney of Ventura, 1903-11. Democrat. HENRY HOWARD ROSE. Residence, 2286 West 22d Street; office. De- partment 3, Police Court, Los Angeles. Born November 27, 1856, in Taycheedah, Fond du Lac County, Wisconsin. Son of Henry Fon- taine and Mary W^ard (Howard) Rose. Moved to California April 12, 1888. Educated at St. Paul's School, and High School of Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, graduating in June, 1875. Admitted to the bar of Wisconsin August 8, 1881; Supreme Court of that state January 10, 1882, and to' the bar of California, October 5, 1889. Police Judge of Los Angeles from March, 1905, to date. Member of Masonic fraternity. Eepublican. LOUIS HEATON ROSEBERRY. Eesidence, Los Angeles; office. Security Trust and Savings Bank, Los Angeles. Born in Oakland, California, February 5, 1880. Son of James S. and Emma Jane (Adamson) Eoseberry. Received education in grammar and high schools of this state, and in Stan- ford University, graduating from the latter institution in Class of 1903, with degree of A. B.; Law Department of Stanford Univer- sity, 1898-1904. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, December 14, 1904, and later to United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California, and commenced practice alone at Santa Barbara. Moved to Los An- geles, January 15, 1912, to serve as counsel for Securitv Trust and Savings Bank of that 486 BlOG I! A I' II 1 C A L city, in which position he serves to date. At- torney for State Board of Health of Los Angeles, to which office he was appointed by Governor Hiram W. Johnson, September 12, 1911. for a term of four years. State Sena- tor. 33d District, November 4, 1908. Dele- gate and Chairman to v^ious Republican conventions. Specializes in trust law. Au- thor of "California Employers Liability Act (1911)." Member of National Geographic Society and B. P. O. E. and N. S. G. W. fra- ternities. Rt'iaiWit-aii. LEO M. ROSECRANS. Residence!, UII21-. West Pico street; oflQce, 434 Title and Insur- ance Building. Los A n ji e 1 e s. Born April 16, 1888, in Belmond, Iowa. Son of William find Kate (Finch) Kosccrans. Edu- cated in the pub- lie schools of Tnwa. Graduated from St. A'incent's College in 19ii.s, with degree of A. B.. and in 1911 re- ceived degree of M. A. from that institution. In 1911 re- ceived the degree of LL.B. from University of Southern California, College of Law. Admitted to the bar of California in 1911, and at the same time to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Prac- tices law in association with Fred Arnoldy to date. Member of Company "C," N. G. C. Grand Rector Y. M. I., and President of Los Angeles Council of Y. M. I. Member of Knights of Columbus fraternity. Republican. ELIAS V. ROSENKRANZ. Residence, lliii;{ riiin.-yh ania Avenue; office, 921 Higgins Building, Los Angebs. Born in Warsaw. Russia. December 27, ISST. Son of Jacob and Olga (Hurwitz) Rosen- kranz. Moved to California in 1906. At- tended grammar school in New York City; High School of Commerce, New York Cit.v. until 19(16. Graduated from the Stanford University, with the ijej-ree of A. B., in 191ii; University of Southern California, Law School, until 1912. graduating with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California September. 1911; United States District Court for the Southern District of Califor- nia, 1912. Meinl)er of the law firm of Harri- man. Ryckmau & Tuttle from 1911 to date. SAMUEL ROSENHEIM. Residence. jIj Biikor Street; office. Chron- icle Building, San Francisco. Born Novem- ber 17, 1S63. in Portland, Oregon. Son of A. and Pauline (Schwab) Rosenheim. Mar- ried September 18, 1891. to Fannie Meyer. Moved to this state in 1876. having received his early education in Portland, Oregon. Adniitteii to the bar of California, in San Frantisco. in 1889. and received his practical legal training in the office of Rothschild & Ach, of San Francisco. His practice is mainly in commercial law, and represents many large coriiorations. Practices alone to date. Member of the Concordia Club. Traffic BIOGEAPIIICAL 487 Bureau, Merchants' Association, Masonic fraternity, and Independent Order of B'nai B'rith. Eepubliean. since which time he has practiced his profes- sion alone. Member of the B. P. 0. E. and I. O. O. F. fraternities. Eepubliean. ALBERT ADOLPH ROSENSHINE. Residence, 2298 Baker Street; office, 839-8415 Mills Building, San F r a ncisco. Born September 23, 1S82, in San Francisco. Son of Adolph and Eliza- beth (Fi-ank) Eos- enshine. Attended the i)ublie schools of San Francisco, Lowell High school, and Uni- versity of Califor- nia, graduating in 1904 with the de- gree of B. L. and from Hastings College of Law in 190.5, receiving the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco, May 21, 190(1. From 1904 to 1906 studied law 'in the office of J. B. Reinstein, and in 1906 began the practice of law in the same office, which association continued until the death of Mr. Reinstein, on April 16, 1911. Member of the University of California Club, Doric Lodge No. 216, F. & A. M., and San Francisco Scot- tish Rite. Republican. EUGENE MAXIMILIAN ROSENTHAL. Residence, 457 North 4th Street; office, Rea Build- in g, San Jose. Born May 31, 1864, in San Fran Cisco. Son of Max and C e c i 1 i .1 (Gruening) Rosen thai. Married May 31, 1885, to E a y Alexander. Received his edu- cation from the public and high schools of San Jose. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia at Los An- geles, April 4, 1893, and to the United States District, United States Circuit and United States Circuit Court of Appeals. Commenced to practice his profession in San Jose in partnership with Jackson Hatch, practicing under the firm name of Hatch & Rosenthal, which continued until 1898. Elected Justice of the Peace in 1898 and served until 1902, ERSKINE MAYO ROSS. Residence, 3189 Wilshire Boulevard; office. Federal Building, Los Angeles. Born in Cul- pepper County, Virginia, June 30, 1845. Son of William Buckner and Elizabeth Mayo (Thorn) Ross. Moved to California in June, 1868. Married Inez H. Bettis (deceased), May, 1874, and Ida Hancock, June 1, 1909. Early education received in private schools in Virginia, followed by a course in Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia. Studied law in Los Angeles, and admitted to the bar of California in the fall of 1869. Immediately formed partnership with C. E. Thom, which continued until 1879. That year he was elected a Justice of the Supreme Court of California; in 1883 re-elected Justice of the Supreme Court. October 1, 1886, re- signed from the Supreme Bench and resumed practice in partnership with Hon. Stephen M. White. In January, 1887, appointed United States District Judge for the Southern District of California. February, 1895, was appointed United States Circuit Judge for the Ninth Judicial Circuit, which position he still holds. Democrat. JOHN G. ROSSITER. Residence, 106 Belief ontaine Street; office, Boston Building, Pasadena. Born in 1855 in Fort Howard, Wisconsin. Son of Allan F. and Margaret (Gormley) Rossiter. Moved to California in May, 1887. Married in 1897 to Mary A. Parker. Educated in the public schools of Wisconsin. Studied law in the 4S8 BIOGE AFJIIC AL offices of Metcalfe & McLai-hlan. Pasadena. Admitted to the bar of California in 1S!>9 and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Prac- ticed law in Pasadena alone to date. Mem- ber of the Masonic order. Knights Tenijdar. Shriner, K. of P., I. O. O. F.. Pasadena Board of Trade and Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. JOSEPH ROTHSCHILD. Residence, 2415 Washington Street; office, 1101-1108 Chronicle Building. San Francisco. Born October 5, 1S57. in San Francisco, Son of Henry and Hannah (Mossheim) Roths- child. Married July 31, 1907, to Hannah K. Tauber. Educated at the public schools of San Francisco, and in 1879 graduated from Yale College. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Connecticut, Supreme Court of Cali- fornia, and to the Supreme Court of the United States at Washington, District of Columbia, in 1895. Commenced the practice of law in San Francisco, alone, immediately upon his admis- sion to the California bar, until March, 1911, when he became senior member of the law firm of Rothschild, Rosenheim, Schooler & Miller. Member of the Board of Education, 1889-90. Ex-president of the Democratic County Committee of San Francisco. Vice- president and Acting Chairman of the Demo- cratic State Central Committee from 19ii2 to 1906. Member of the Masonic fraternity. Past Orand President B'nai B'rith. Past Presi- dent Free Sone of Israel, and N. S. G. W. Member of Concordia and Yale Clubs and President since its organization of the South of Market Street Improvement Association and Member of the Executive Committee of the Civic League, Member of the Executive Committee of the Greater San Francisco Committee. Democrat. PURCELL ROWE. Residence, Mti Clayton Street; office, 965 Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born in Essex County. Virginia, August 2S. 1863. Son of John G. and Margaret (Purcell) Rowe. Married to Sarah E. Martin in February, 1890. Moved to this state in 1894. At- tended the Randolph Macon College. Ashland, Virginia; Military Institute, Lexington, Vir- ginia, and University of Michigan, Ann Ar- bor. Michigan, graduating with the degree ot LL. B. in 1S93 and LL. M. in 1894. Admitted to the bar. at San Francisco, August. 1894. Has practiced in San Francisco since admis- sion. ^Member of the Union League, (Jom- monwealth and Unitarian clubs. Knights Tem- plar and Masonic fraternities. Republican. JUD R. RUSH. Residence, Sierra Vista; office, 600 Bryson Building, Los Angeles. Born in Green County, Pennsylvania. March 9, 1865. Son of John L. S. and Dorcas (Parcell) Rush. Received his education in the common and high schools of Iowa and studied law while serving in office of Justice of tlie Peace. Admitted to the bar of California in 1893, and commenced the active practice of his pro- fession in Los Angeles. Entered into part- nership with Le Compte Davis in 1895, prac- ticing under the firm name of Davis k Rush, which continues to date. Member of the Gamut Club. Los Angeles Bar Association. B. P. O. E., Masonic fraternity and Shriner. Democrat. BIOGRAPHICAL 489 SAMUEL B. RUSSELL. Eesideuce, Mill Valley; office, Pacific Build- ing, San Francisco. Born in Leavenworth, Kansas, May 27, 1870. Son of Samuel David and Ann Gertrude (Brown) Russell. Moved to California in July, 1875. Attended the grammar schools of Placer County from 1878 to 1880. and grammar evening school in San Francisco, 1890 to 1892. Later took a special law course at the University of California, 1906 to 1909. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, in San Francisco, in August, 1897, and has continued in the practice of his pro- fession alone to date. Republican. J. H. RYCKMAN. Residence, 4707 Budlong Avenue; office, 921 Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Born in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania, in 1858. Son of Alonzo and Sarah Agnes (Patty) Ryckman. Married in 1894 to Rosa E. Meyer. Obtained his education by personal study and read law in the offices of Hon. Silas M. Clark, Justice of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, and Hon. James A. Hunter, of Pennsylvania, 10th Judicial District. Ad- mitted to the bar at Greensburg, Pennsyl- vania, in 1882. For twenty years practiced law in Wyoming and Utah, and moved to California in 1909, locating in Lo« Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California in 1910, and entered into partnership with Job Har- riman. Edward W. Tuttle, and E. V. Eosen- kranz, which continues to date. Socialist. ELMER GUY RYKER. Residence, 153 Parkside Drive, Claremont, Berkeley; office, Security Bank Building, Oakland. Born in Springfield, Missouri, Sep- tember 9, 1871. Son of T. C. and Mary R. (McCarty) Ryker. Moved to California in 1896. Married Maytie Prather March 24, 1897. Graduated from the high school in Springfield, Missouri, in 1892, and from the University of Michigan in 1896, receiving the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar, by the Supreme Court of Michigan, at Ann Ar- bor, Michigan, in 1896, and to the Supreme Court of California in San Francisco, in Sep- tember, 1896. Republican. STUART M. SALISBURY. Residence, Los Angeles; office, 401-411 Trust and Savings Building, Los Angeles. Born in Ohio, September 14, 1885. Son of Dr. Samuel S. and Anna (Brown) Salisbury. Moved to the state of California in November, 1886. At- tended the public and high schools of Los Angeles; Pomona College; graduating from Stanford University in 1907 with the degree of A. B. Attended Harvard Law School from 1907 to 1909. Admitted to the bar of California, at Los Angeles, .January 21, 1910. Commenced the practice of law in Los An- geles. Associated with E. E. Hewlett to date. Republican. MAURICE SALZMAN. Residence, 1332 W e s 1 1 a ke Ave- nue; office, 526 Security Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born in Spring- field, Arizona, Oc- tober 2, 1885. Son of Max and Nata- 11 e (Schram) S a 1 z m a n. Re- ceived his early education at St. Matthew's Mili- tary School, i n San Mateo, and attended Los An- geles High School in 1903, graduat- ing in 1906. Entered the University of Cali- fornia in 1906 and continued until 1908, when he entered the University of Southern Cali- fornia, and graduated therefrom in 1911 with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles, June 19, 1911, and at the same time to United States Cir- cuit and District Courts of Southern Califor- nia, and practices his profession in associa- tion with Oscar Lawlor, to date. Member of the Masonic fraternity. SAMUEL MARKS SAMTER. Residence, 3970 Clay Street; office. Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in St. Louis, Missouri, July 18, 1875. Son of Marks and Augusta (Fischer) Samter. Moved to Cali- 490 BIOGRAPHIC A L. fornia in 1S92. Graduateil from the public schools of Memphis, Tenuessee; Memphis In- stitute, and Leildins Collejje, iu 1^91. Ad- mitted to the bar by the iSujireme Court of the state of California. ,lune 10, 1902. Was associated with law firm of Reinstein & Eisner from 1S92 to 1S9S. when the firm was dissolved; thereafter with J. B. Reinstein until the latter's death in 1911. JACOB SAMUELS. Residence, 320 Mai)le Street; office. G3U Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco. June 16, 1867. Son of Julius and Esther (Blackman) Samuels. Attended the grammar schools of San Francisco until 1880; Boys" High School, 1883; University of California, 1887, and the Hastings College of Law, 1890. Admitte.l to the bar June 24, 1890. Prior to his admission studieil law in the office of Morrow & Stratton. and \Vm. M. Pierson. Since his admission has j>racticed alone. Republican. MARCUS LOENE SAMUELS. Residence, San Francisco; office, Pacific Building, San FVancisco. Born in Oakland, (.'alifornia, and received his education in the public day and evening schools of that city. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco September, 1907. and to the Su- preme Court, Cnitetl States District and Cir- cuit Courts, and all state courts. Commenced the active jiractice of his profession asso- ciated with Philip I. Manson, which con- tinued until January. 1910, when Mr. Man- son retired from active practice. I'pon this association ceasing he continued his practice alone, and continues to date. Member of the Masonic fraternity, Independent Order B'nai H"rith, and San Francisco Bar Association. Republican. OSCAR SAMUELS. Residence, 228 8th Avenue; office, 630 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born May 13, 1878, in San Francisco. Son of Julius and Esther (Blackman) Samuels. Married Dixie C. Stew- art. August 1, 1906. Graduated from the Lowell High School in May, 1894. Attended the University of California, 1894-95. Stud- ied law in the office of Jacob Samuels from 1895 to 1897. Engaged in commercial busi- ness until 1903, when he again resumed the study of law. Admitted to the bar May 11, 1905. Republican. MILES EDWARD SANBORN. Residence and office, Yuba City, Sutter County. Born in Polo, Hlinois, November 1, 1852. ' Son of Abram J. and Elizabeth E. (Gemmell) Sanborn. Married April 15, 1884, to Frankie M. Luckcy, of Polo, Illinois. At- tended the district school near Polo from 1859 to 1869. Entered L'nion College of Law, Chicago, Illinois, in 1873, and received the degree of LL.B June 5, 1884. Admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of Illinois October 20, 1874, at Ottawa, Illinois; Su- preme Court of California, May 16, 1885, at Sacramento; United States Circuit Court, January 3, 1901, at San Francisco. Served as City Attorney of Duulap, Iowa, in 1876, and District Attorney of Sutter County 1882- 87. Republican. AUSTIN ALANSON SANDERSON. Residence. San Francisco; orticc, ( alifornia- Pacific Building, San Francisco. Birn in Watkins Glen, Xew York, January 4, 1848. Son of Alpheus and Sallie Clauson (White) Sanderson. Moved to California in 1880. Married November 25, 1S72, to Ella Reding- ton. Received his eilucation by private tui- tion. Admitted to the bar in Trenton, Xew Jersey, in 1879, and to the bar of California in 1880. Judge of the Sujierior Court of San Francisco from January, 1890, to January, 1896. Since his retirement from the bench has been engaged in the practice of law. Member of the Union League Club. Demo- crat. JOHN ALONZO SANDS. Residence, 2031 Prince Street, Berkeley; office, 304 Oakland Bank of Savings Build- ing, Oaklanil. Born in Oskaloosa, Jefferson County. Kansas, February 21, 1863. Son of John Dempster and Ella Luella (Boucher) Sands. Married to Pauline L. Ballard. De- cember 28, 1892. Attended the grammar schools of San Jose, Reno, Nevada, and Lin- don, Kansas. Graduated from the San Jose BIOGRAPHICAL 491 High School in 18S1; UBiversity of California in 1889, with the degree of Ph. B. Admitted to the bar of California in May, 1891. Con- tinues the practice of his profession alone to date. THOMAS A. SANSON. Eesidence, 1617 South Marengo Avenue, Oneonta Park, South Pasadena; office, 827 Walter P. Story Building, Los Angeles. Born in Blairstown, New Jersey, May 31, 1869. Son of Thomas A. and Seraphine P. (Adams) Sanson. Married Eva S. Tufts, November 14, 1S94. Moved to California July 1, 1909. Received his early education at the public schools of Blairstown from 1875 until 1880. Attended Blair Presbyterial Academy, Blairs- town, New Jersey, from 1880 to 1885; New York Business College, 1885 to 1886; Prince- ton College, 1886 to 1889, and the Albany Law School, 1889 to 1890, receiving the degree of LL.B. in the latter year. Admitted to the bar of New York, May 8, 1890. Assistant United States Attorney, District of Indian Territory, from September, 1890, to April, 1893. Engaged in general practice to date. Member of the Masonic fraternity. Knights of Pythias and B. P. O. E. Republican. EDWIN WILLIAM SARGENT. Residence, 621 St. Paul Street; office. Title Guarantee and Trust Company, Los Angeles. Born August 15, 1848, in Oregon, Wisconsin. Son of Croydon and Lucy (Hutchenson) Sar- gent. Married Ella Barr of Sterling, Illinois, August 30, 187(). Moved to California in 1871. Educated in the High School of Evansville, Wisconsin, and State University of Wisconsin, 1868-70; Graduated from the Law Department of University of Iowa in 1874, with, degree of B. L. Practiced in Denison, Iowa, from 1874 to 1879; moved to Atchison, Kansas, and continued until 1886, when he removed to Los Angeles, and has been engaged in practice continuously to date. General attorney and Vice-president of the Title Guarantee and Trust Company of Los Angeles from 1895 to date. Member of Masonic order. Knight Templar, Shriner, Los Angeles County Bar Association, and Jonathan, Los Angeles, Los Angeles Athletic, and Annandale Country clubs. Republican. FRANCIS W. SARGENT. Residence and office, Salinas City. Born in California, September 21, 1870. Son of An- drew Jackson and Julia (Moffitt) Sargent. Married October 24, 1899, to Mary Watson. Attended the public school at Mokelumne Hill, Calaveras County, California, for five years, and at Jackson, Amador County, for three years, graduating therefrom in 1888. Entered Santa Clara College in August 1890, and graduated June 3, 1895, receiving the de- gree of B. A. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia at San Francisco, March 12, 1903. Entered into partnership with J. A. Bardm, which continued until January 1, 1911, when he formed partnership with J. H. Andressen, which continues to date. Assistant District Attorney of Monterey County, California, from January 1907, to January, 1911. Dis- trict Attorney of Monterey County, Califor- nia, since January 1911. Democrat. WILLIAM H. SAVAGE. Residence, 105 Orizaba Street; office, Sepul- veda Building, San Pedro. Born in Limer- ick, Ireland, in 1843. Son of Michael and Ellen (Kelley) Savage. Married to Cath- erine Hartnett in 1907. Received his early education in the public and high schools of Boston, Massachusetts. From 1861 to 1865 served in United States Navy. Moved to California, and enlisted in United States Army, where he served until 1874. Admitted to the bar of California, in Los Angeles, in 1879; Arizona, 1882. Commenced the practice of law in Los Angeles in 1879 until 1882, when he moved to Bisbee, Arizona, where lie practiced until 1887. Returned to Cali- fornia and located in San Pedro, where he continues alone to date. Served in the Sen- ate of California, 1905 to 1911. Republican. JAMES GUSTAVE SCARBOROUGH. Residence, 2679 Menlo Avenue; office, 215 Coulter Building, Los Angeles. Born in Kisst- chi, Natchitouches Parish, Louisiana, June 23, 1862. Son of James W. and Sarah (Rutland) Scarborough, Married October 4, 1SS7, to Florence Pendleton. Came to California in 1885. Educated in Waco University, Waco, 492 B I G Ti A 1' II I C A L. Texas; Howanl College, Marion, Alabama, graduating in June, 1883, with the degree of A. B. Read law in the office of Flint & Anderson, Waco, Texas. Admitted to the District Court of Texas, at Waco, June 26, 1884; Sni)reme Court of Texas, February 4, 1885; Supreme Court of California, April 8, 1886; United States Circuit and District Courts for the Southern District of California a few years later. In 1900 formed partner- ship with W. M. Bowen, at Los Angeles, which continues to date, engaged in general )iractice. District Attorney for Orange County. California, 1893 to 189.5. Member of tiie Jonathan Club and Los Angeles Bar As- sociation. Democrat. HENRY C. SCHAERTZER. Residence, Cor- nelia Hote;! A p artments; office 90 0-9 06 Humboldt Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, ^ray 3, 1869. Son (if John A. and P.arbara (Gels) Schaertzer. Mar- r i e d Amelia Plaiiz, June 27, 1 8 9 1. Attended the public schools of San Francisco and Lincoln Evening School, (Commercial Department), graduating from the latter in 1886. Attended lectures at Hastings College of Law, San Francisco, from 1888 to 1890. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia by the Supreme Court, at Sacramento, May 4, 1890; to the bar of the United States Circuit Court of Appeals and Circuit and District Courts of this Circuit and the United States Supreme Court in 1908. Devoted en- tire time to practicing law in San Francisco. Member of the American Academy of Politi- cal and Social Sciences, and the National Geograpiiical Society. Past President of the Native Sons of the Golden West. Past Na- tional Councilor of Junior Order United American Mechanics. Past Master of the F. & A. M. Past Commander of the Golden Gate Commandery, Knights Templar, and member of the Masonic fraternity. Repub- lican. FRED HAYES SCHAUER. Residence, 2411 Batli Street; office, Howard Canfield Building, Santa Barbara. Born in Washington County, Kansas, July 29, 1882. Son of Samuel and Eva E. (Hayes) Schauer. Married March 9, 1909, to Bessie Turner. In 1888 he moved to California, and received his early education in the public schools of tiiat state. Graduated from Santa Maria High School in 1898, and from Santa Bar- bara High School the following year. Gradu- ated from Occidental College, Los Angeles, in 1903, and attended the Law School of George Washington University from September, 1903, to June, 1905. Attended Stanford Law School for a short time. Admitted to the bar of California, July 17, 1906. Employed in the House of Representatives, Washing- ton, D. C, 1903-5. Secretary of Republican County Central Committee, 1906-7, 1909-10. Appointed De]>uty District Attorney of Santa Barbara County, November, 1910, which office he holds to date. Member of the Board of Trustees of Occidental College since May, 1910, Probation Committee of Santa Barbara County, and Kniglits of Pythias fraternity. Republican. PAUL W. SCHENCK. Residence, Owen Ajiartments, Los Angeles; office, 622 Laughlin Building, Los Angeles. Born in Albion, Micliigan, August 18, 1874. Son of Alonzo and Amanda (Wadsworth) Schenck. Married October 8, 1907, to Gene- vieve W. Kittrelle. Attended Lake Forrest University, Chicago, Illinois, graduating from the Law Department in 1898, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Illinois in 1898. Practiced in Chicago, Illinois, until 1901. Moved to California in 1901, and ad- mitted to the bar of this state in that yeai-, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts. Member of the firm of Schenck, Swaffield & Munholland. Special- izes ill criminal law. Democrat. FRANK SCHILLING. Residence, 1370 Hayes Street ; office, 860-862 Pa- cific Building, San Francisco. Born June 18, 1864, in Theinheim, G e r- m a n y. Son ot Ludwig and Kun- igande (W i r t h) Schilling. Moved to the state of Cal- ifornia in March, 1888. Married April 18, 1897, to Katherine K i d- ney. Received his early education in the public schools of (u'rmany, 187()-7(). Graduated from Schule of Lohr, on the Main, August, 1881; Hurle- Seminar of Wurzberg-on-the-Main, 1883. AtteiKled St. Joseph's College at Tentopollis, Illinois, 1887-88. Admitted to the bar in San Francisco, October 30, 1895, and studied BIOGRAPHICAL 493 with the late E. Percy Wright, 1901-04. Member of the firm of Schilling & Diviny (Thos. M. Diviny), practicing law since 1895. Major Commanding First Reserve Militia, Rifle and Revolver Club of San Francisco, Secretary of Inter-party Conference, which framed the first primary Election Law of Cali- fornia. Founder of the United States Protec- tive Association for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children and Animals. Member of San Francisco Bar Association, W. O. W., and National Union. Republican. FRANK C. SCHERNSTEIN. Residence, San Rafael; office. Mills Build- ing, San Francisco. Born December 3, 1872, in New York. Received his education in San Francisco. Engaged in mercantile pursuits prior to his admission. Admitted to the bar of California in San Francisco, November 6, 1911. Commenced the active practice of his profession immediately upon admission, in San Francisco, and continues to date, prac- ticing alone. LOUIS J. SCHINO. Residence, Merced, California; office, Ped- reira Building, Merced. Born in Groveland, Tuolumne County, California, January 28, 1883. Son of Michael P. and Maria (De Fer- rari) Schino. Edvicated in the Merced County grammar and high schools, and a graduate of Stanford University in the class of '03. Admitted to the bar of California January 6, 1909, at Sacramento, in the Third Appellate District Court of Appeals, and has actively engaged in the practice of his pro- fession up to the present time. Was a member of Company "H," 6th Regiment, N. G. C, for three years during Spanish-American War. Member of Merced Fire Department for nine years; also member of Merced Improvement Club. Democrat. JOHN SCHL£GEL. Residence, 319 Gramercy Place; office, 811 H. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born June 2(5, 1880, near Abi- lene, Dickinson County, Kansas. Son of L e n- ard and Anna Mary (Tisch- hauser) Schlegel. Married June 26, 1906, to Ethel E. Freeman. Moved to California in 1887 and gradu- ated from the public schools of Los Angeles County and later from the Los Angeles State Normal School. Attended the University of Southern California, Law School, and gradu- ated therefrom with degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles, July, 1909, prior to which he was engaged as principal of various educational institutions in California. Commenced active practice of his profession upon his admission, and continues to date. Member of the Metro- politan Club, Masonic fraternity and W^ood- men of the World. Republican. BERT SCHLESSINGER. Residence, 3918 Clay Street; office. Mutual Savings Bank Building, San Francisco. Born 494 B 10 G n A r 11 1 C A L. in Birmingliani. Hii^laiul. Ajiril in, isti."), ami moved to this country at an early age. Ke- eeiveil bis early education in the public schools and later attended Hastings College of Law, graduating in ISSo. with the degree of LL.B. Coninienced the active practice of his profession in San Francisco and contin- ued until 1895, when he was appointed Assist- ant United States Attorney, and held that appointment until 1S9S, when he resigned tu resume '..is private pracrice. Was subse- quently em]>loved by the government as spe- ci;il counsel in the San Francisco Mint eases. Elected two terms to the California Assembly from the 3Sth district. Member of the Press Club, Masonic fraternity, and of the San Francisco Bar Association. Democrat. MILTON L. SCHMITT. Eesidence. lit^d California Street; otlice, 460 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Born February 4, 1877, in San Francisco. Son of Maurice and Ella (Lewis) Schmitt. Married February 12, 1000, to Helen Alex- ander. First attended tlio public scliools of San Francisco and later graduating from the Boys' Tiigh School, T^niversity of California, and in 1899 from Hastings College of Law. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco, May, 1899. Studied law in the office of Najihtaly, Freidenrich & Ackerman while attending law school, and since then has been associated with that firm, and with 1). Freidenrich, its surviving partner. Elected ^fember of the Assembly of California Legislature in 1908, and re-elected in 1910 as Representative of 40th District. Republican. ALBERT SCHOONOVER. Residence, 2G70 Third Street; office, Scripps Building, San Diego. Born at Bonaparte, Iowa, February 10, 1S70. Son of Isaac E. and Margaret J. (Veager) Schoonover. Married •July ."), 189."?, to Emma S. Green. Educated in tlie common schools of Attica, Indiana. Fntered the office of his father, Isaac E. Schoonover, where he read law in 1887. Ad- mitted to the bar of Indiana, February 9, 1S91. Moved to California October 23, 1903, locating in San Diego. Member of the Ma- sonic, B. P. O. E.. and Knights of Pythias fraternities. Democrat. ANDREW ROBERT SCHOTTKY. Resilience, 28 Steiner Street; office, 1040 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born August 17, 1887, in Savannaii, Georgia. Son of Theo. and Frances (Klein) Sehottkj'. Moved to tlie state of California in 1895. Received his early education in the gran\mar and high schools of Los Banos, California, later grad- uating from Hastings College of Law, receiv- ing the degree of LL.B., in 1910. Admitted to the bar in 1910, since which date he has been associated with ('has. C. Boynton. Member of tlie rniversity Club. Democrat. FERNO J. SCHUHL. Residence, 1800 Laguna Street; oflSee, 24 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Born March 3, 1889, in San Francisco. Attended public schools, Gretcher's Private School and law school in San Francisco. Admitted to practice April 28th, 1911. Admitted to prac- tice in the Ignited States Circuit Court, August 26, 1911, and to the United States District Court, September 18, 1911. Member of the Executive Committee of the San Fran- cisco Civic Club; also of Mount Moriah Lodge Xo. 44 of A. F. & A. M., San Francisco Scot- BIOGRAPHICAL 495 tish Eite No. 1, 32d degree Islam Temple (Mystic Shrine), San Francisco. Past Presi- dent of the Native Sons of the Golden West, Bay Citv Parlor. CARL SCHULTZ. Eesidence and office, 5(iO South Hope Street, Los Angeles. Born in Germany, De- cember 27, 1850. Son of Fritz and Henrietta (Heuer) Schultz. Moved to California in 1901. Married Ellen Greenwood, March 23, 1903. Educated in the public and high schools of Germany and the University of Berlin. Attended North Carolina Law School, Ashville, North Carolina, from 1899 to 1901, and Southern California Law School, Los Angeles, California, 1902-3. Eead law in the office of Judge Davis, of Ashville, North Carolina, for fourteen months. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, October 20, 1903, in Los Angeles; United States Circuit and District Courts of the Southern District of California in 1911. President of the Naturopathic Institute and Sanatorium of California. President of the Association of Naturopathic Physicians of California for four years, having previously served as secre- tary for five years. Served in the German army from 1869 to 1873, with rank of 1st Lieutenant during the Franco-German War. Studied medicine in Germany and elsewhere, receiving the degrees of M. D., N. D., D. 0., D. C. and M. E., and other honors. Member of the Knickerbocker Club and the I. O. O. F. fraternity; also the Physicians and Surgeons Association of America. CLEVELAND SCHULTZ. Eesidence, 6 i 6 West 41st Street; office, 807-808 California Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born October 31, 1886, in Hay s, Kansas. Son of Henry C. an d Louisa (Lajie) Schultz. Marriei August 2, 1906, tu Jennie Shire. Moved to Califor- nia January .3, 19 10. Educated in the public schools of Kansas and High School of Chicago, Illinois. Graduated from Illinois College of Law in Chicago, in 1909, with de- gree of LL. B. For some time in legal department of I. C. E. E. in Chicago, Illinois. Admitted to the bar of C'alifornia August 24, 1910. Engaged in the general practice of law in Los Angeles. Member of Foresters, Moose, and Masonic fraternities. Socialist. JOSEPH SCOTT. Eesidence, 984 Elden Avenue; office, 707 Equitable Savings Bank Building, Los An- geles. Born in Penrith, Cumberland County, England, July 16, 1867. Sou of Joseph and Mary (Donnelly) Scott. Moved to California June 30, 1893. Married Bertha Eoth, June 6, 1898. Eeceived his education at St. Cuth- bert's College, Ushaw, Durham, England. 496 B I G E A r II I C A L. Matriculated London University, England, .liine, 1SS7; gold medalist of his class. Taught as Senior Professor of Rhetoric and English Literature at St. Bonaventure's Col- lege, Allegany, New York, 1890-93, where degree of A. M. was conferred; Ph. D. was conferred by Santa Clara College, California, 1907. Admitted to the bar of California, in Los Angeles, April, 1894; and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern District of California, and also to the United States Supreme Court. Member of the Los Angeles Charter Revis- ion Committee, 1902. Vice-President Board of Freeholders to draft City Charter, 1912. President of the Board of Education, 1904-11. A jtioneer in espousing the principle of non- jiartisanship in the public schools. E.K-Pres- ident of the Los Angeles Chamber of Com- merce, now serving his sixth year as Director, Vice-President Southwest Museum. Honor- ary Vice-President of the Panama-Pacific In- ternational Exposition Company. Member of the California Delegation to Congress that successfully fought for San Francisco against Xew Orleans for the World's Fair in 1915. Past State Deputy Knights of Columbus. Member of the Los Angeles Bar Association, State Bar Association, American Bar Asso- ciation, California, L'nion League, Sunset, Newman, Los Angeles Athletic, and Celtic clubs. Republican. JAMES WALTER SCOTT. Residence, 530 37th Avenue; office, 916 Nevada National Bank Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in South New Berlin, New York, .July 2, 1879. Son of Rev. "Walter and Sarah .Tane (Pugsley) Scott. Married Gertrude E. Merrill in 1906. Entered Harvard College in 1S97, and studied there three years. Principal of the High School of South Wind- sor, Connecticut, from 1898 to 1900. Re- moved to California in 1903. where he en- tered Hastings College of Law and graduated in iMay, 1906, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1906, and commenced the practice of his profession in association with Myrick & Deering, which continues to date. Member of the Press Club. WILLIAM SEA. JR. Residence Mill Valley; office, 653 Phelan Building. San Francisco. Born November 10, 1883, in Sau Francisco, C a 1 i - fornia. Son o t William and Anna Helen ( .Jordan ) Sea. Married •Tune 22, 1910, to Lorena Florence Barnes. Edu cated in the gram- mar and high schools of San Francisco. E n - tered Hastings College of Law, from which he graduated May 13, 1908, receiving degree LL. B. Began to read law in the offices of Messrs. Maguire, Lindsay, Wyckoff, Houx & Barrett. February, 1905, in which offices he became chief clerk after the fire of April 18, 1906. Admitted to the bar of California, January 18, 1907. Continued his association with above firm until May, 1910. Associated with Samuel T. Bush until July 1, 1911, when he commenced the practice of his profession alone, which continues to date. Candidate for office of Justice of the Peace, primary election, in August. 1910. Member of legal fraternity of Phi Delta Phi. Repuldican. JAMES M. SEAWELL. Residence, 236 Cole Street; office, City Hall, San Francisco. Born in Indian Territory, Fort Gibson, January S, 1836. Married in 1863. Entered Harvard University in 1853 and graduated in 1855, with distinction; later entered the law school of the L^niversity of Louisville, Kentucky, and graduated there- from in 1857 with the degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of Pennsylvania, December, 1858, and commenced the practice of his pro- fession in Philadelphia. Admitted to the Supreme Court of California in 1861. Asso- ciated with the office of Shafter, Goold & Dwindle, and later became a partner of .Tames ^fcM. Shafter, continuing until 1871, from which time he practiced his profession alone until elected Judge of the Superior BIOGRAPHICAL 497 Court, in November, 1892, and continues to date, having been re-elected each term. Member of the University and Harvard Clubs and Military Order of the Loyal Legion. Democrat. EMMETT SEAWELL. Eesidence, Santa Eosa; oflEice, Courthouse, Santa Rosa. Born in Yountville, Napa County, California, April 5, 1862. Son of William Neely and Sarah A. (Rickman) Sea- well. Married March 20, 1892, to Ida S. Graiter. Received his education in the pub- lic schools of Vineland, Napa County, and Santa Rosa, California, graduating from the Pacific Methodist College of that city in May, 1887, with the degree of A. M. Admitted to the bar of California at Sacramento, in 1890. Elected District Attorney of Sonoma County in November, 1892, and was re-elected in 1894, serving until the expiration of his term in January, 1898. Elected Judge of the Supe- rior Court in and for the County of Sonoma, California, in November, 1902, and was re- elected in November, 1908, continuing to hold said office to date. Democrat. LOUIS SEIDENBERG. Residence, 3653 Jackson Street; office. Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in New York City, June 18, 1860. Son of Harris and Augusta (Bush) Seidenberg. Moved to Cali- fornia in August, 1876. Married October 20, 1885, to Hannah Frankenberg. Educated in the public schools of Chicago, Illinois. Ad- mitted to the bar June 13, 1900, at San Fran- cisco. Entered into partnership with George M. Davis in March, 1903, under the firm name of Seidenberg & Davis, which exists to date. Member of the B'nai B'rith and the Independent Order of Foresters of America fraternities. Republican. JOHN R. SELBY. Residence, 2650 Scott Street; office, 1201 First National Bank Building, San Francisco. Born September 19, 1880, in Mayville, North Dakota. Son of William A. and Adelia (Watson) Selby. Married April 17, 1907, te Sadie Corbet. Attended the public school of Grand Forks, North Dakota, later entering University of North Dakota, 1896, from which he graduated in 1900 with degree of B. A. Admitted to the bar in the Supreme Court of North Dakota, June 14, 1904, and commenced practice of his profession at Grand Forks, North Dakota. In 1905 moved to San Fran- cisco, where he was admitted to practice in October of the same year. Associated with Burke Corbet, with whom he formed ])artner- ship .January 1, 1907, practicing under the firm name of Corbet & Selby to date. Mem- ber of Masonic fraternity. Republican. EWALD EDWARD SELPH. Residence, 2317 West 31st Street; office, 522 Ameri- can Bank Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born January 18, 1888, in Sheridan, Oregon. Son of Edgar Eugene and Lulu B. (Gwinn) Selph. Moved to California in 1897. Attended public schools of Califor- nia, Pasadena and Los Angeles high schools, Los An- geles Polytechnic High School and University of Southern California, from which he received the degrees of LL.B and LL.M. Admitted to the bar of California at Los Angeles, June 21, 1909, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Formed partnership with L. S. McCoy and Charles H. Richards, under the firm name of McCoy, Selph & Richards, which continues to date. Member of the Uni- versity Club and Masonic order. Republican. CHARLES BENJAMIN SESSIONS. Residence, 115 7th Avenue; office, Balboa Building, San Francisco. Born March 24, 1851, at Georgetown, South Carolina. Son of Thomas Solomon and Jane Elizabeth (Davies) Sessions. Married to Rosalind Boeh in 1882. Attended the private schools in his native state. Entered Wofford College, Spartanburg, South Carolina, and graduated in 1874, receiv- 498 BIOG RAP n IC AL ing degree of A. B. Studied law iu the of- fices of Wilson & Dozier, Georgetown, South Carolina, and later in the office of R. H. Taylor, Virginia City, Nevada. Admitted to jtractice in the state of Colorado in 1S80, at Denver. Moved to California in 1SS9, and was admitted to the l)ar of California iu 1S99. Democrat. JAMES PATRICK SEX. Residence, 231 Park Avenue; office. Bank of San Jose Building, San Jose. Born in San Jose, April 7, 1S75. Son of Peter and Mar- garet (Kenny) Sex. Married Nellie G. Ward. January "29, 19t"). Attended St. Joseph's Col- lege, San Jose, and Santa Clara College, re- ceiving honorary degree of Ph. B. from latter institution in 1909 and the degree of LL. B. in 19ln. Studied law in the office of W. A. Bowden. Admitted to the bar of California, April 27. 189(j. and the United States Dis- trict Court, August 3, 1909. Appointed Dep- utv District Attorney in 1903. serving until 19(17. when he was appointed First Assistant District Attorney, serving until October, 1911, at which time he resigned to take up the practice of law. Lecturer on "Criminal Law" in Santa Clara College since 1909. Member of the Loyal Order of Moose and the Y. M. T. Democrat. ARTHUR McARTHUR SEYMOUR. Residence, 1605 H Street; office. Bryte Building, Sacramento. Born in Sutter County, California, on December 16, 1864, son of Henrv O. and Elizabeth Mc Arthur (Osborn), Sevm'our. ^larried to Mabel Boyd on Janu- ary 17, 1893. Received his education in the public schools of Sacramento, and later at- tended the University of California, receiving the degree of Ph. B. in 1891. Studied law in the office of C. H. Oatman of Sacramento, and was admitted to the bar of this state in November, 1S92. Member of the firm of White, Hughes & Seymour from 1892 to 1896, then a member of the firm of Wliite & Sey- mour until 1901. In 1902 elected District At- torney of Sacramento and served until 1907, practicing his ]>rofession alone until 1910, when he became associated with Archibald Yell, which association continues to date. Democrat. GEORGE DAVID SHADBURNE. Residence, 904 Devisadero Street; office, Humboldt Bank Buil>ling, San Francisco. Born June 13, 1842, in Brenham, Texas. Son of William Henry Harrison and Eliza Miranda (Wheeler) Shadburne. Moved to this state June 13, 1868. Married June 1, 1867, and July 1, 1905. Received his early education at St. Mary's College, Kentucky, completing the course in 1861, when he en- tered the Confederate army and served un- til the final surrender. Last two years of the Civil War was Confederate Chief of Scouts. Was twice wounded, twice captured and twice made his escape while Confederate Chief of Scouts, and caused the capture of Grant's beeves, 2.4S(i head, in 1864. Granted the cross of honor by the Daughters of the Confederacy. Admitted to the bar before the Supreme Court of Louisiana, February 19, 1867, by the California Supreme Court, Octo- ber 22 1873, and has ever since been in active practice of his profession. Member of the Southern Club. Democrat. BIOGRAPHICAL 499 JAMES HORTON SHANKLAND. Eesideuee, 715 West 2Stli Street; office, 411 American Bank Building, Los Angeles. Born in Nashville, Tennessee, August 12, 1846. Son of Alexander Beatty and Sarah E. (Scovel) Shankland. Married April 26, 1874, to Louise Fowler. Moved to California De- cember 20th, same year. Educated in the public schools of Nashville; Crocker School, of White's Creek Springs, near Nashville, Tennessee; University of Chicago, and Brown University, from which he graduated in June, 1869, with the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of Tennessee, June 6, 1870; Supreme Court of California, in San Francisco, Febru- ary 24, 1874; United States Supreme Court, March 18, 1892. Member of the firm of Graves, O'Melveny & Shankland, of Los An- geles, for sixteen years, and since 1901 in partnership with Jeff. P. Chandler, under the firm name of Shankland & Chandler, which continues to date. From 1878 to 1888, attor- ney for the San Francisco Board of Trade. President for one term of the Los Angeles Bar Association. Member of the State Bar As- sociation, California Club, and Theta Delta Chi fraternity. Republican. WILLIAM CRITTENDEN SHARPSTEIN. Residence, ]-'34.j Benton Street, Alameda; office, 801 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, July 9, 1863. Son of John Randolph and Catherine (Crit- tenden) Sharpstein. Moved to the state, Sep- tember 7, 1864. Married May 8, 1887, to Nellie S. Thompson. Attended San Francisco public schools from 1869 to 1875, St. Matthew's Hall (Private), San Mateo, 1875-79; San Francisco Boys' High School, 1879-82, gradu- ating in May, 1882; Hastings College of Law, in 1882, graduating in May, 1885, with the degree of B. L. Admitted by the Supreme Court, at San Francisco, May, 1885, at which period he was in the office of McAllister & Bergin. Moved to Tacoma, Washington, in 1886, where he engaged in the practice of his profession until February, 1900, when he re- turned to San Francisco. Member of the Commonwealth Club. Democrat. MICHAEL F. SHANNON. Residence, 8 3 Victoria Park ; office. District At- torney's office, Hall of Records, Los Angeles. Born in Los An- g e 1 e s, July 28, 18 8 7. Son of Michael and Ellen (Holmes) Shan- non. Married Oc- tober 21, 1911, to Agues Brown. Educated in pub- lic schools of Los Angeles and at- tended the Uni- versity of Mich- igan, from which he received the degree of LL. B. in June, 1909. Admitted to the bar of Michigan at Lansing, June, 1909, and to the Supreme Court of California in the same year. Associated with Hunsaker & Britt, Los Angeles, July, 1909, to January, 1910. Private practice during 1910, as member of firm of Meyers & Shannon. Appointed Dep- uty District Attorney for Los Angeles County, January 1, 1911, and continues to date in charge of prosecution of felonies com- mitted within the city. President of South- ern California Alumni Association of Signa Alpha Epsilon (1912). Member of B. P. O. E. (Lecturing Knight 1912-13). Union League Club, Michigan University Alumni Associa- tion of Southern California, Chamber of Commerce. Associate Editor of Michigan Law Review, 1909. Republican. LUCIEN SHAW. Residence, Hermosa Beach, Los Angeles; office. Supreme Court Chambers in Wells- Fargo Building, San Francisco. Born March 1, 1845, Vevay, Indiana. Son of William and Linda (Rous) Shaw. Married July 29, 1873, to Hannah J. Hartley. Received' his early education at the common schools of Indiana, later attending the Vevay High School for six months, and later graduating from the Indian- apolis Law College in 1869. Admitted to the bar at Indianapolis, in March 1869; in Cali- fornia, to the Superior Court of Fresno 500 BIOGRAPHICAL County, January, 1SS4, and to the Supreme Court in ISSo. Practiced law at Fresno, January, 1884, to July, 1886; at Los Angeles, from July, 1886, to March, 1889. Appointed Judge Superior Court of Los Angeles County, Cal., March, 1SS9, elected full term in 1890 and re-elected full term 1S96. Elected Asso- ciate Justice Supreme Court in 1902, which otHce he continues to hold to date. Member of California and Union League Clubs of Los Angeles. Union League and Cosmos Clubs of San Francisco, and the Sunset Club of Los Angeles. Member of the Bar Associations of Los .\ngeles and San Francisco and of the Masonic fraternity. Kepublican. VICTOR E. SHAW. Kesidence, 27uu Severance Street; office, In- ternational Bank Building, Los Angeles. Born December 15, 1857, in Pettis County, Missouri. Son of Barnett J. and Sallie Glenn (Barberry) Shaw. Married October 24, 1SS2, to Mary L. Parker. Educated in the public schools of Saline County, Missouri, until 1S72, when he moved with his parents to Oregon, where he attended Willamette University, Salem, Oregon, 1S75-7S. Graduated from the University of Michigan in 1880, with de- gree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Mis- souri, in Sedalia, in 1880, where he engaged in the practice of law with Hon. William S. Shirk, until his removal to San Diego in 18SS. Admitted to the bar of California in that year. Associated in the practice of law In San Diego with Harry L. Titus until 1906, when he was elected Associate Justice of the District Court of Appeal. Second District, which oflBce he holds to date. City Attorney of Sedalia, Missouri, 1881-83. Member of the Masonic order, B. P. O. E., Cuyamaca, San Diego, California, and Los Angeles Country clubs. Bepubliean. FRANK SHAY. Residence, Saratoga, Santa Clara County; office. Flood Building, San Francisco. Born November 18, 185.5, in Brockport, Monroe County, New York. Son of Peter and Mary (Murphy) Shay. Moved to the state in April, 1S60. Married February 1.3, 1877, to Elvira Julia Bell. Received his early education in the public schools of Sacramento, graduating from High School in 1872 and Pacific Business College of San Francisco in 1873. Official Court Reporter, District Court, Virginia City, Nevada, 1873-74. Legislative rei>orter of Sac- ramento "Record-Union," 1875. Entered the law department of the Central Pacific Rail- road Company, San Francisco, in April. 1876. Private Secretary to Leland Stanford, 1879-85. In law department of Southern Pacific Com- pany, 1885 to present time. Attended Hast- ings College of Law, 1886-89, graduating with the degree of B. L. Admitted to the Sujireme Court, San Francisco, 1889, and the United States Circuit Court, 1889. Member of the National Guard of California, 1878. On staff of Brigadier-General McComb. rank of Major, 1879-80. Staff of Major-General Barnes, rank of Lieutenant-Colonel, 1881-83. Vice-president of Geological Society of Cali- fornia. Republican. WALTER FRANCIS SHELLEY. Residence, 2400 Bellevue Avenue; office, 1106 Cen- tral Building, Los Angeles. Born in London, England. May 24, 1872. Son of A. C. and Miriam (Dawes) Shcllev. Married January 27. 1892. to .Jennie B. Hop- kins. Educated in the Birkbeck Uni- versity. L n d on, from which he graduated in 1S91, and St. Stephen's College, London. Moved to California in 1S92. Attended Uni- versity of Southern California, Law School, and studied law in the office of the General Attorney for Idaho, Union Pacific Railway Company, at Pocatello, Idaho, and later asso- ciated in the legal department of the Santa Fe Railway, in Cleburne. Texas & Southern Pacific Company. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angeles, July, 1909. and to all courts having jurisdiction in this state. BIOGRAPHICAL 501 Continues in the active practice of his pro- fession, making a specialty of corporation law. Author of "Municipal Government," "Los Angeles Aqueduct," and "Los Angeles Harbor," etc. Secretary of Los Angeles Aqueduct since 1906, and Secretary of the Bureau of Harbor Improvement. Associated with and also Private Secretary to Lieu- tenant-General Adna R. Chaffee, U. S. A., re- tired. Member of the City Club, and Ex- President of the West Temple Improvement Association. Republican. WILLIAM CORTEZ SHELTON. Residence, American Institute of Bankers' Club; office, 1101 Hibernian Building, Los Angeles. Born October 18, 1882, in Union City, Tennessee. Son of William Thomas and Martha (Calhoun) Shelton. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1885 and received his education at the public school of Fresno and high schools of Palo Alto and San Jose. Attended the Stanford University and received the degree of A. B. in 1908. Admitted to the bar of California before the District Court of Ap- peals in San Francisco, March, 1911. Prac- tices law in association with T. E. Gibbon and Albert Lee Stephens, in Los Angeles, to date. Independent. JOHN W. SHENK. Residence, 3440 C41en Albyn Drive; office, .526 Merchants Building, Los Angeles. Born February 7, 1875, in Shelbourne, Vermont. Son of Rev. J. W. and Susanna C. (Brooks) Shenk. Moved to California in September, 1900. Married June 29, 1907, to Lenah R. Custer. Educated in the common schools of Nebraska. Graduated June, 1895, from High School, Omaha, and in June, 1900, from the Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio. Attended the Law Department of the Uni- versity of Michigan at Ann Arbor. Admitted to the bar of California in October, 1903. Later admitted to the United States District and Circuit Courts, and the United States Supreme Court. Began the practice of his profession in Los Angeles. In 1906 ap- pointed Deputy City Attorney. In 1908 First Assistant City Attorney. From 1910 to the present time City Attorney for Los Ange'les, having been elected to a second term Decem- ber 5, 1911. Member of Company "K," Fourth Ohio Volunteer Infantry. Saw ser- vice in Porto Rico during Spanish-American War. Member of the Masonic bodies, 32°, Shriner, B. P. O. E., Union League Club, Chamber of Commerce, and Beta Theta Pi and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. Republican. FREDERIC M. SHEPARD. Office, 525 Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Born in 1862 in Woodstock, Connecticut. Son of Gilbert W. and Elizabeth B. (Guild) Shep- ard. Married in 1901 to Rose A. Glenson. Graduated from New York Evening Law School in 1892 with the degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to the bar of New York in 1893; Illinois, 1895; California, 1909. Member of the firm of Shepard & Aim since January, 1912. Member of the Masonic and K. of P. fraternities. Republican. WILLIAM EDGAR SHEPHERD. Residence and office, Ventura. Born June 30, 1842, in Fairfield, Iowa. Sou of Thomas and Sarah J. (Edgar) Shepherd. Moved to California in ] 873. Married December 7, 1907, to Ella Hall. Educated in the public schools of Iowa and Hull Academy, O s k a- loosa, Iowa. Studied law i n the offices of S. A. Rice, Oskaloosa, Iowa. Admitted to the bar of Iowa in 1866; California, 1879, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Member of the firm of Lacey & Shepherd for six years in Oskaloosa. From 1889 to 1902 with Black- stock & Shepherd, Ventura, since which part- nership he has practiced alone. Editor of Ventura "Signal" from 1873 to 1879. City Attorney of Ventura for several years. Post- 502 B lOG H A V II IC AL master of Oskaloosa, Iowa, for five years. Member of Company "H," Third Iowa Infan- try, L'nion Army, and of G. A. R. Democrat. ALBERT JAMES SHERER. Residence. 9S() Arapaliue Streot; oftico. Ti'it Higgfins Building, Los Angeles. Born in Wisconsin. March 27. 1872. Son of Rudolph and Elizabeth (Snvder) Sherer. Married to Alma C. Conkfin, February 22, 1899. Received his education in the grammar school of Conipton, and Los Angeles High School. Graduateil from the University of California in 189.5, with the degree of Ph. B. Studied law in the office of Judge Curtis D. Wil- bur, in Los Angeles, until his admission to the bar, in Los Angeles, in 189(i. Com- menced the active practice of his profession alone, and continues to date. Member of Masonic fraternity. Republican. EDWARD T. SHERER. Residence, 643 New Hampshire Avenue; office, 114.5-1147 Title Insurance Building. Los Angeles. Born February 16, 1877, in Santa Barbara. California. Son of Rudolph and Elizabeth Sherer. Married November 6, 1902, to Mayme B. Roberts. Educated in the Temj)lar. Scottish Rite, 32°, Shriner, Chamber of Commerce, Los Angeles Country Club, California Bar Association and Los Angeles Bar Association. Director of First National Bank of Compton. Vice-president of Citi- zens" Savings Bank of Compton. Republican. ROBERT MONTGOMERY SHERIDAN. Residence, Ventura. Born .July 3, 1SS6, in San Francisco. Son of Edwin M. and Vic- toria (Comstock) Sheridan. Married April 27. 1912, to Phebe S. Willoughby. Educated in the public schools of California. Gradu- ated from the University of California in 1909 with degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1911. Member of K. of C. and N. S. G. W. fraternities. Republican. PETER J. SHIELDS. Residenic. 27ih> M sticot; office. Court- house, Sacramento. Born in Sacramento County, California, April 4, 1862. Son of .John and Elizabeth (Bowe) Shields. Mar- ried to Corolee Wilsey. August 1, 1901. Attended the country public schools until fourteen years of age. Attended private school of Christian Brothers, at Sacramento, four vears thereafter. Admitted to the bar public and high schools of California. At- tended Stanford University, 1898-99. Read law in the office of Judge A. W. Hutton, Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California October 16, 1899, and later to the United .States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. For one year associated with Burk. Shepherd & McGilvry of Seattle. Washington, since which date he has been engaged in the general practice of his profession in Los An- geles. Member of Masonic order, Knight of California, at Los Angeles, in 1884. Dep- uty State Librarian in Law Department of State Library. Secretary of California "Com- mission for the Revision and Reform of the Law." Assistant editor of American Deci- sions, under the late A. C. Freeman. Re- engaged in i)ractice of his profession in Sac- ramento in 1898. In November, 1900, elected Judge of Superior Court of Sacramento County for an unexpired term, and re-elected in 19(12 and 19(t8, there1)y holding office to BIOGRAPHICAL 503 date. Was twice Trustee of the California State Library in 1884, and again in 1896, and Private Secretary to Governor Budd from 1897 to 1899. Secretary of the State Agri- cultural Society in 1899, and President of the State Dairy Association. President of Cali- fornia Livestock Breeders' Association. Greatly interested in agricultural education, and was the cjiief influence in the creation of State Experimental Farm and School of Agriculture at Davis. CLEMENT LAURENCE SHINN. Residence, 2326 West 9th Street; office, 301 American Bank Building, Los Angeles. Born in Sullivan, Illinois, November 20, 1879. Son of William H. and Cora (Randolph) Shinn. Moved to this state in 1887. Married August 5, 1909, to Alice Janet Gamble. Educated in the public schools and Occidental College of Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia, April 9, 1901. Commenced the practice of law in that year and continues to date. Republican. FRANK HAMILTON SHORT. Residence, 2125 Calaveras Street; office, Fresno National Bank Building, Fresno. Born September 12, 1862, in Shelby County, Missouri. Son of Joshua Hamilton Bell and Emily (Wharton) Short. Married to Emma Packard (deceased) in 188.5 and to Nellie Curtis March 7, 1897. Received his education in the common schools of Missouri and Nebraska, moving to California in Novem- ber, 1881, and attending jirivate school in Fresno. Admitted to the bar of California in 1886 and by the Supreme Court in 1889. Commenced the active practice of his profes- sion in Fresno immediately upon admission, and since that date has maintained a gen- eral practice without partnership. Counsel for the Fresno Canal Irrigation Company and other irrigation, power and transportation companies. Attorney for the Fresno National Bank. Delegate to Republican State Conven- tions from 1884 to 1908 and National Re- publican Convention from 1896 to 1904. Served as Yosemite Commissioner from 1899 to 1907, and trustee of the Normal School at San Jose from 1898 to 1902. Member of the Pacific Union, Bohemian and Union League clubs, of San Francisco, and of the Sequoia and Country clubs of Fresno. Re- publican. SAMUEL M. SHORTRIDGE. Residence, Menlo Park; office, 517 Chron- icle Building, San Francisco. Born August 3, 1861, in Mt. Pleasant, Henry County, Iowa. Son of Elias W. and Talitha C. Shortridge. Moved to California in 1876. Educated in the public schools of Salem, Oregon, and San Jose, California, graduating from High School in 1879. Afterward received first grade cer- tificate, entitling him to teach in any public school in the state. Taught school at Ruth- erford, Napa County, and was later principal of St. Helena public schools. In 1883 he resigned to continue the study of law. Ad- mitted to the Supreme Court of California in 1884 and to all courts, state and federal. Practiced in San Francisco since admission. Member of the Bohemian, Union League, Olympic and Menlo Country clubs and of the Masonic fraternity. Presidential Elector from the Fourth District in 1888 and Presi- dential Elector at large for Wm. McKinley in 1900 and for President Taft in 1908. Repub- lican. GUY V. SHOUP. Residence, Los Altos; office, 828 Flood Building, San Francisco. Born in Bedford, Iowa, February 7, 1872. Son of T. V. and Sarah (Sumner) Shoup. Moved to California in August, 1888. Married June 5, 1906, to M. Adell Colliver. Received his education in the public schools of Iowa. Studied law in the office of Hon. Byron Waters, in San Ber- nardino. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court in April, 1893. Formed partnership with Mr. Waters, under the firm name of Waters & Shoup, which continued until October, 1894, when he moved to Boise, Idaho, where he practiced law until 1896, after which he returned to San Francisco and entered the Claim Department of the South- ern Pacific Company. Became assistant Land Attorney for the Southern Pacific Com- pany in 1901. Attorney for the Southern Pacific Company in Nevada in 1907, with 504 BlOG 7i' APni C A L offices in Reno. Appointed on general staff of Law Department of Southern Pacific Com- pan}-, with offices in San Francisco in 1909, where he continues to date. Eepublicau. JOHN FRANKLIN SHUMAN. Residence, 5S0 Vernon Street, Oakland; of- fice, Crocker Building, San Francisco. Born May 15, 1884, in Santa Maria. Son of John L. and Mary Elizabeth (Orr) Shuuian. Mar- ried September 10, 1910, to Sarah L. Drink- water. Graduated from the University of California in May, 1906, with the degree of B. L., and from the Harvard Law School in 1909, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California, Se[)tember, 1909, and became associated with the firm of Morrison, Dunne & Brobeck, with whom he continues to date. Member of the Masonic fraternity. PERSEUS L. SHUMAN. Residence, San Mateo Park, Burlingame; office, 627 Pacific Building, San Francisco. Born in Milton, Wayne County, Indiana, De- cember 2, 1851. Son of Henry Witman and Sarah (Roberts) Shuman. Married to Caro- line V. Ingels, October 20, 1875. Received his education in the schools of his native state, and was admitted to the bar of Illinois in Chicago in 1878. Upon his admission en- tered into partnership with Joseph H. Defrees, and practiced under tlie firm name of Shuman & Defrees, continuing until his removal to this state in December, 1896, the said part- nership being thereupon dissolved. Admitted to the bar of this state in 1907, and since that date has been in the active practice of his profession alone. ALFRED SIEMAN. Residence. 22UO Park Way; office, 38-40 Hopkins Building, Bakersfield. Born in Kil- born, Iowa, January 2, 1881. Son of William and Josephine (Porter) Sieman. Married Inez Bennett, .luly 14, 1909. Attended Whit- tier Friends' College, Whittier; Breckenridge High School, Breckenridge, Missouri; Univer- sity of Southern California, College of Law, and the Woodburn Business College, Los An- geles, for a short period. Moved to Califor- nia in 1902. Admitted to practice by the District Court of Appeals, Second Appellate District, Los Angeles, July, 1908. Moved '< Bakersfield, January 1, 1910, and formed part- nership with W. W. Kaye, practicing under the firm name of Kaye & Sieman, which con- tinues to date. FRANK M. SILVA. Residence, 208 Seminary Street; office, Napa. Born March 6, 1879, in Napa, Califor- nia. Son of Manuel and Elizabeth (McKee) Silva. Married to Elizabeth B. Strohl, Sep tember 23, 1908. Received his early educa- tion in Napa public schools and graduated from St. Mary's College, Oakland, in 1898, receiving the degree of A. B. Attended Hast- ings College of Law and graduated therefrom in 1903 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California, May 15, 1903, and associated with the firm of Bell, York & Bell from .lune, 1903, to January, 1905, since which date he has been in the active practice of his profession alone. City Attorney of Napa from June, 1907, to September 11, 1907, upon which date he was appointed Distri:'t Attorney of Napa County and continued in that office until January, 1911. Member of BIOGRAPHICAL 505 the Knights of Columbus, Young Men's In- stitute of Napa, B. P. O. E., Eagles, and N. S. G. W. fraternities. Democrat. SEWARD ADAMS SIMONS. Eesidence, 1107 Buena Vista Street, South Pasadena; office, 812-814 Security Building, Los Angeles. Born in Union Springs, Cayuga County, New York, November 14, 1859. Son of Nathan Carver and Susan (Adams) Simons. Married Grace Churchyard, Septem- ber 5, 1888. Moved to California in 1904. Attended grammar school at Butfalo, New York, from 1867 to 1872; High School, from 1872 to 1875, and the Cornell University, Ithaca, from 1875 to 1879, receiving the de- gree of A. B. in the latter year. President of his class. Admitted to the bar by the Su- preme Court at Rochester, New York, Octo- ber, 1881; California, 1904; United States Supreme Court, 1888, and United States Cir- cuit and District Courts at a later period. Commenced the practice of his profession in Buffalo. Member of the firm of Osgoodby, Titus & Simons from 1882 to 1884. Prac- ticed alone from 1884 to 1887, when he formed partnership with Supreme Court Justice T. C. White, under the firm name of White & Simons, which continued until . 1892, and from 1892 to 1895 continued the practice of his profession alone, entering into partnership with John S. Rockwell in 1896, under the firm name of Simons & Rockwell, continuing until 1900, when the partnership was dissolved and he continued alone until 1904, when he moved to Los An- geles, practicing law alone until 1907, when the firm of Simons, B. J. Bradner & J. Stewart Ross was formed, and continued until 1910, since which time he has continued alone. Member of the Civil Service Commission of Buffalo, New York, from 1885 to 1886. Mem- ber of the School Board of Buffalo, New York, for a number of years. Transfer Tax Ap- praiser of the State of New York from 1900 to 1903. Member of the Phi Beta Kappa (honor- ary), Theta Delta Chi (of which fraternity he was President of the Grand Lodge for two terms). Masonic bodies, 32°, Shriner, Jonathan and California clubs. Chamber of Commerce, and Los Angeles and California Bar Associa- tion. President of Cornell Association of Los Angeles. Specializes in trial work, insurance and corporation law. Lecturer on "Insur- ance" in College of Law of University of Southern California. Republican. CYRUS M. SIMPSON. Residence, 307 North Marengo Avenue; office, -214-218 Chamber of C m m e re e Building, Pasa- dena. Born in Eockville, Parke County, Indiana, December 9, 1844. Son of Matthew A. and Catherine (Ghormley) Simp- son. Married May 13, 1868, to Sarah A. Allen. Educated in the public schools of Indiana, and tu- tored by his father. Studied law in the offi- ces of J. H. Richards and J. C. Murray, lola, Kansas. Admitted to the bar of Kansas, 1877; California, 1889, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the prac- tice of law in lola, Kansas. From 1880 to 1885 was a member of the firm of Richards & Simpson. In 1889 he moved to Pasadena, California, where he has been a member of the firm of Knight & Simpson, Simpson & Willett, and Simpson, Moody & Simpson, the latter partnership continuing to date. Clerk of Allen County (Kansas) District Court from 1872 to 1880, during which time he was a member of the lola City Council for four years. Mayor of lola for one term and city attorney for two terms. From 1877 to 1886 Postmaster of lola and School District Treas- urer for three years. From 1890 to 1892 member of Pasadena Council. In 1892 mem- ber of California Assembly and member of Senate of California from .lanuary, 1895, to January, 1903. From 1861 to 1865 member of Company "H," Ninth Kansas Cavalry, Union Army. Member of G. A. R. and Pasadena Board of Trade. Republican. 506 BlOG h' A I' JI I C A L HAROLD GRANT SIMPSON. K'f^iilfiuo, 17 3 Pearl Street; otHce, 214-21S ('liaiiil>er of Coiii- 111 e r e Building, Pasadena. Born in lola, Kansas, April 22, 187G. Sou of Cyrus Mor- timer and Sarah (Allen) Simpson. Moved to Califor- nia in 1S8I). Mar- ried .Tune 7, 19U0, to Jeaunette El- 1 e a u . Attended the Pasadena High School from 1890 to 18 9 3; Throop Polytechnic Institute, 1894 to 1897, and Hastings College of Law, 1898. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, at Los An- geles, July 17, 1906. Entered into ])artner- ship with his father, Cyrus Mortimer Simp- son, in 1906, under the firm name of Simpson, Moody, Xoyes & Simpson, which continued until .January 1, 1907, when Mr. Xoj-es re- tired from the firm and the name was changed to Simpson, Moody & Simpson, which continues to date. Deputy Clerk of the Su- preme Court under Geo. W. Root, at Los An- geles, from 1899 to 1903. Member of the Masonic, Woodmen of the World, Maccabees, and O. E. S. fraternities. Republican. WILLLAM A. SLOANE. Residence, X and Ibis Streets; office, court- house, San Diego. Born in Rockford. Illinois, October 10, 18.54. Son of Hampton P. and Adeline (Grand-Girard) Sloane. Married in 1882 to Annie L. Kimball. Attended Grin- nell Academy and Iowa College, graduating from the latter with class of 1877, with de- gree of B. A. Admitted to the bar in su- preme Court of Missouri in 1879. Practiced his 7)rofession in Missouri two years. Moved to California in 1887. Elected .Justice of City .Justice Court in San Diego in 1898, serving two terms. Practiced law as member of the firm of Sweet, Sloane & ICesby, and later as member of the firm of Luce, Sloane & Luce. In May, 1911, was appointed Superior .Judge of San Diego County. Member of Executive Committee of Republican State Central Com- mittee. Republican. M. C. SLOSS. Residence, 3498 Clay Street; office, Wells- Fargo Building, San Francisco. Born in Xew York City, February- 28, 1869. Received his early education in the schools of San Fran- cisco, and prepared for college at Reid's School, Belmont, and graduated from Harvard Law School in 1893. Admitted to the bar of California in 1893. Member of the firm of Chickeriug, Thomas & Gregory until his elec- tion to the Su]ierior Court in S'oveiiiber, 1900. Held this office for a period of five years, when he was appointed to the Supreme Court, and has been twice re-elected. GEORGE HUGH SMITH. Residence, Uiiivorsity Club; office, 604 Mer- chants' Trust Building, Los Angeles. Born February 2, 1834, in Philadelphia, Pennsyl- vania. Son of Rev. George A. and Ophelia A. (Williams) Smith. Graduate of Virginia Military Institute, Lexington, Virginia, in the class of 1853. Served throughout the war be- tween the states in the army of X'orthern Virginia, C. S. A., first as f'aptain and then as Colonel of the 2.5th Virginia Infantry, but transferred in the winter of 1862-63 to the 62d Virginia Regiment, Mounted Infantry; then in Imboden's Cavalry Brigade, which he commanded through the closing campaigns of the war. Admitted to the bar in Virginia, in 1856, and afterward practiced his pro- fession in Washington Territory, Maryland, and California, and in the federal courts, in- cluding the Supreme Court. Moved to Los Angeles in .January, 1869, becoming a mem- ber of the firm of Glassell, Chapman & Smith, later Glassell, Smith & Smith. In 1907 formed partnership with K. A. Miller ami W. W. Phelps, under the firm name of Smith. Miller & Phelps, which continues to date. Member of the California Senate, 1877-88. Reporter of Supreme Court, volumes 54-62, inch Commissioner of Supreme Court, Cali- fornia, 1899-1904. .Justice of Court of Ap- peals, Second Appellate District, 1905-6. Colonel Smith is the author of the follow- ing works: "Right and Law," Chicago, Calla- BIOGKAPHICAL 507 filian & Co., 1877; "Critical Review of Modern Enolisli Jurisprudence," out of print; "Theory of the State," prize essay, published by the American Philosophical Society, Philadelphia; "Logic, or the Analytic of Explicit Reason- ing," G. P. Putnam Sons, New York and London ; "The Theory of Jurisprudence," pub- lished by the Victoria Institute of Great Britain, in "Transactions," Vol. 43. He is also the author of numerous essays on juris- prudence and logic, and on the law, published in the American Law, during the last twenty- five or twenty-six years, and among others the following: "The True Method of Legal Education"; "Logic and Its Uses — A Lawyer's View." The thesis of these works was written with the specific purpose of attacking Austin's theory of jurisprudence, then universally, or almost universally, recognized in England and in this country, and the author has had the satisfaction of living to see this theory uni- versally repudiated in both countries. It has, however, the author thinks, been succeeded in this country by a theory, or rather a prac- tice, which is even more objectionable; which is, that judicial decisions and statutes are the only sources of the law, but the thesis of all the works and essays enumeratecl above is equally applicable to this theory or practice as to that of Austin. It is, that in theory, the law, or rather the doctrine of rights and actions (which may be called jurisprudence), is but another name for justice or right; and that this has been recognized by all the great jurists of our law, and others, as the pre- dominating or governing principle in the ad- ministration of justice, without which the courts must be like ships at sea without com- pass. This is inserted at the request of the author, who, at the close of his career, after a practice of over fifty years, and more than forty in the state of California, feels himself at liberty to call the attention of his pro- fessional brethren to the unsatisfactory condi- tion of the law, and to the only principles upon which it can be reformed. Honorable member of the Victoria Institute of Great Britain, and member of the Los Angeles Bar Association; Confederate Vet- erans, and of the California and University clubs of Los Angeles and Cosmos Club of San Francisco. GRANT H. SMITH. Residence, San Rafael; office. Mills Build- ing, San Francisco. Born in Amador County, California, April 13, 186.5. Son of Horace and Jane L. (Churchill) Smith. Married Edith Newitt, November 6, 1S94. Received his early education in the public schools of Virginia City, Nevada, and Bodie, California, and later attended the Placerville Academy, from 1881 to 1883, graduating in the latter year. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of Nevada, .Januarv 7, 1890. Practiced law in Salt Lake, Utah, from June, 1890, to May, 1908, when he moved to San Francisco, where he continues in the practice of his pro- fession to date, making a specialty of mining and corporation law. City Judge of Salt Lake City, 1904-.5. Member of the Utah Code Com- mission, 1896-97; of the Utah Compilation Commission, 1907-08. He has been associated with the firm of Lindley & EicMioff for several years. Republican. GUY WHITMAN SMITH. Residence, Cupertino; office, San Jose. Born in Plattsmouth, Nebraska, August 10, 1871. Son of George S. and Annie (Whit- man) Smith. Moved to California in 1896. Married Grace Belknap, February 4, 1906. At- tended the grammar schools at Plattsmouth and Omaha, Nebi-aska, and the Bellevue Col- lege, Bellevue, Nebraska; later the Washing- ton College, Irvington, California, and Cotner University, at Lincoln, Nebraska. Admitted to the bar of California, in San Francisco, De- cember 4, 1903. Member of the California Legislature, 37th Session, from the .Tfith Dis- trict, in 1907. Republican. LOUIS H. SMITH. Residence, 951 Belmont Avenue; office, Forsythe Building, Fresno. Born November 3, 1872, in Peoria, Illinois. Son of John Bovd and Lueretia (Howell) Smith. Married to 'Maude E. Shepherd, April 18, 1899. Re- ceived his education in the public and high schools of Peoria, Illinois, moving to Califor- nia in 1889 and attending Stanford Univer- sil:v, from which he received the degrees of B.'a. and LL. B. in 1895. Admitted to the bar of California in April, 1896, and com- 508 B I G h' A r Jl 1 a A L Jiienced the practice of bis profession in Fresno, practicing alone until .lanuary, 1897, when he entered into j)artnership with Stan- ton L. Carter, practii-ing under the firm name of Carter & Smith, which continued for one year. Later practiced in partnership with Judge Ostrander, practicing under the firm name of Ostrander & Smith, since the dis- solution of which he has practiced alone. City Attorney of Fresno, 1897-99. President of the Chamber of Commerce of Fresno, 1906- 7. Delegate Republican State Convention, 1896 and 1900. Member of the Sequoia Club and B. P. O. E. fraternity. SAM FERRY SMITH. Kesident-e, 2-2-I 4tli Sticct ; dllicc. 1(19 Tnion Building, San Diego. B'tru in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, June 8, 1863. Son of John C^uincy Adams and Annie (Ferry) Smith. Married Hannah Hammond in 188-5 (de- ceased), and in 190.1, Helen Frost. Received his education in the public schools of Pitts- burgh, Pennsylvania, Colorado Springs, Den- ver, Colorado, ami San Francisco, California. Admitted to the l>ar of California in San Diego, in 1889; to the Supreme Court in 1892 and to the United States Supreme Court in 1908. From 1900 to 1909 member of the firm of Collier & Smith, since which date he has been practicing law in San Diego alone. ^Member of the San Diego Board of Educa- tion from 1898 to 1904. President of the Board of Library Trustees, San Diego, from 1907 to 1910. Member of the Cuyamaca and Jonathan clubs of Los Angeles, American and San Diego Bar Associations, Masonic order, Shriner, Knights Templar, Scottisli Rite. STANLEY J. SMITH. Residence, 12.1 Kempton Avenue; office, 1218 Broadwaj-, Oakland. Born in Dnwnie- ville, Sierra County, California, December ."^O, 1879. Son of Stanley A. and Anna Cliristine (Neilsen) Smith. Married June 19, 1907, to Genevieve M. Costa. Attended Downieville public school, graduating in 189.1; Oakland High School, 1898, and the University of Cali- fornia, in 1903, with the degree of A. B., and Hastings College of Law in 1905, receiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California, May 22, 1905. Commenced the practice of his profession in San Francisco, where he continued until January M, 1906, when he moved to Oakland, practicing alone until September, 1911, when he became a member of the firm of Bell, Bell & Smith, which continues to date. Member t.f tlic Athenian Club. Republican. WALTER E. SMITH. Residence, 3917 South Hill Street; office, 529 Douglas Building, Ijos Angeles. Born October 19, 1877, in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Son of Alonzo F. and Sarah (Watrous) Smith. Educated in the jmblic school's of Milwaukee and the Milwaukee Academy; later attended the University of Wisconsin. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1901 and entered the Law Depart- ment of the University of Southern Califor- nia, being admitted to the bar of this state in October, 1903, and later to all courts having jurisdiction in this state. Republican. WILLARD P. SMITH. Residence, 3710 Leighton Street, Oakland; office, 1700 Call Building, San Francisco. Born in Dunkirk, New York, September 20, 1866. Son of Henry T. and Helen E. (More) Smith. Married in*^ 1902 to Marion Hebard. M(v\o(l to the state of California in 1902. (;r;i(ln;itiM| fi-diu the Dunkirk High School, BIOGRAPHIC AL 509 1SS4; Amherst College, 1888, with the degree of A. B., and in 1900 received the degree of A. M.; Columbia University in 1891, receiv- ing the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar at Brooklyn, New York, February, 1890, and to the bar of California, at San Fran- cisco, in 1908. Practiced his profession in BuflPalo. Xew York, 1898-1909. From 1898 to 1908 junior member of the firm of O'Malley & Smith. Commenced the practice of his profession in San Francisco in 1908, since which date he has practiced alone. Eepub- lican. ALVA EDSON SNOW. Kesideuce, 232 J. Street; office, Forsyth Building, Fresno. Born October 13, 1861, in Mattapoisette, Massachusetts. Son of Har- vey and Bridget (Marron) Snow. Married December 10, 1891, to Dora P. Colson. Ee- ceived his education at Table Academy, Marion, Massachusetts, and at Tuft's College, Massachusetts, graduating in 1887 with the degree of A. B., and later attending Harvard Law School. Admitted to the bar of Massa- chusetts in 1889 and moved to California the same year, being admitted to the bar of this state immediately. Commenced the practice of his profession in San Francisco in associa- tion with J. Hermann and K. M. F. Soto, and continuing until December, 1890, when he re- moved to Fresno. Practiced alone until 1893, when he entered into partnership with G. C. Freman, practicing under the firm name of Snow & Freman, which association continues to date. Deputy District Attorney of Fresno, 1893-94, and elected District Attorney in 1895, serving until 1899. Member of the Board of Citv Trustees of Fresno from 1909 to .June 1, 1912. Mayor of Fresno to date. Member of the Masonic and B. P. O. E. fraternities. Republican. WILSON H. SOALE. ^ Eesidence, Oakland Avenue; office, 508-512 Chamber of Commerce Building, Pasadena. Born November 28, 1854, in Highland Countv, Ohio. Son of Peter and Sarah (Parks) Soale. Married February 28, 1905, to Carl Brake. Educated in the public schools of Ohio. Graduated from Copcland College, Hillsboro, Ohio, and attended the Cincinnati Law School. Admitted to the bar of Ohio, September, 1877; Indiana, 1885; California, 1909, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the practice of law in Bain- bridge, Ohio, and Chillicothe, Ohio. For five years in partnership with .Judge SafFord. In 1882 moved to Washington, D. C, where he was connected with the Pension Depart- ment of the Government, and in special ser- vice of that department in Terre Haute, In- diana, until 1885. For sixteen years in part- nership with Andrew Grimes, under the firm name of Soale & Grimes, in Terre Haute. Indiana. In 1908 moved to Pasadena, where he practiced alone until 1912, when he formed partnership with George P. Cary, under the firm name of Soale & Cary, which continues at the present time. Member of the Ohio National Guard in 1876; also of the Masonic order; I. 0. 0. F. and B. P. O. E. Acted as Special Judge many times during his pro- fessional career, and connected with many prominent civil and criminal cases. Eepubli- can. FRANK J. SOLINSKY. Eesidence, 2215 Durant Avenue, Berkeley; office, Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born in Chinese Camp, Tuolumne County, California, August 17, 1857. Son of C. W. H. and Mary A. (Sprague) Solinsky. Mar- ried November 27, 1882, to Winnie Syme. Received his early education in the public schools of Tuolumne County, the High School of Santa Cruz, and the University of Cali- fornia, graduating with degree of B. S. At- tended Hastings College of Law and received the degree of B. L. in May, 1881. Admitted to the bar of California June, 1881. In part- nership with Lieutenant-Governor John B. Eeddick from 1881 to 1895; and with Frank E. Wehe from 1902 to 1910, since which time he has practiced alone, and associated in many cases with his former partner, Frank E. W^ehe. Captain of University of Califor- nia Cadets. Elected District Attorney of Calaveras County, two terms — 1886 to 1890. Member of the Olympic and San Francisco Commercial clubs. Republican. 510 B I G h' A P JI 1 C A L WILEY EDWARD SORELLE. Kosiilence, Los Angeles; office, suite 702 Ferguson liuiltling, Los An- geles. Born April 11, 1860, at West Point, Texas. Son of Thomas Henton ami Bar- bara Ann Gordon ( K e n n e d y ) So- il e 1 1 e. Married Aj.ril 7. 1S9L', to Moselle Virginia ) (1 n (deceased, ISit;^). Educated i n the common schools of Texas and Knox College, Galesburg, Illinois. Graduated from the University of Michigan in ISSS with degree of LL. B.' Admitted to the bar of Michigan in 1888; Colorado, 1890; California, April 21. 1911, and United States Supreme Court, March 5, 1901. Practiced law in partnership with Julius Thompson, under the firm name of Thompson & SoRelle, in Eico, Colorado, and later with Edward Stimson, under the firm name of Stimson & SoEelle. In 1893 moved to Denver, Colorado, where he practiced his profession until December 15, 1910, when he moved to California. Since January 1, 1912, has been in partnership with Lewis Cruick- shank, under the firm name of SoRelle & Cruic'kshank. Specializes in mining and cor- poration law. ^[omber of W. O. W. Demo- crat. ANDREW WESLEY SORENSON. Residence. Pal- ace Apartments, 317 South Olive Street; office, 810-821 Califor- nia Building, Los Angeles. Born in Monticello, Miu nesota, December 13. 1882. Son of John and Mary Sorenson. Gra'l- uated from Monti- cello High School in 1902; Carlton College, Minne- sota, in 1906, with the degree of B. A. Attended the University of Minnesota, Law Dejiartment, and T'niversity of Southern California, Law Department, two years. Took one-half year post-graduate work at the University of Southern California, iloved to this state in UIII7. Instructor in Hudson High School, Hudson, Wisconsin, and also football coach for that institution in 1906-7. Instructor in Los Angeles High School and also football coach for that institution. 19(l7-S. Instructor in spe- cial work in Law Department of the Univer- sity of Southern California, 1908-9. Ad- mitted to the bar of California and United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California, January 25, 1908. Engaged in the general practice of law in Los Angeles to the present date. Member of ^letropoli- tan and Minnesota clul)s and Knights of Pvthias fraternitv. ROMULO MELITON FRANCISCO SOTO. Residence, ;il2" H a i g h t Street ; office. Royal In- surance Building, San Francisco. Born April 1, 1855, in Monterey Count y , Call foruia. S o n n i Jose Manuel and Maria (Perez) Soto. Married October 22, 1879, t o Susan Rosa- linda Duffy. Edu- cated in Santa Clara College, Santa Clara, f r o m whicii he graduated .June o, 1876, with degree of A. B. Entered Harvard Law School, graduat- ing June 27, 1878, with degree of LL. B. Studied law in the offices of Winans, Belk- nap & Godoy, San Francisco. Admitted to the bar of California, before the Supreme Court, July 16, 1879, and commenced the ac- tive practice of his profession in Salinas, Monterey County, December 5, 1879, which (■(uitinued until 1883, when he entered, into partnershi]) witli S. L. Cutter, under the firm iLinie of Cutter & Soto, with whom he prac- ticed until elected District Attorney of Mon- terey County in 1885. Removed to San Fran- cisco in August, 1887, forming partnershii) in that city with James Herrmann, under the firm name of Herrmann & Soto, whicli con- tinuc1. 1907, to Ada M. Crapnell. E d u - cated in the i)ub- 1 i c s c h o o 1 s of University of Utah. Utali. Attended the Private Secretary to General Agent of Santa Fe Railroad for two years. Studied law in offices of Hon. J. L. Rawlins, Salt Ijake City, Utah. Admitted to the bar of Utah in 1901 and California in 1904. Engaged in the gen- eral practice of law in Long Beach to date. Member of N. G. U. for several years. Vice- president and counsel of Maricopa Queen Oil Company. Member of B. P. O. E. WILLIAM A. SPILL. Residence, 1S9G North Raymond Avenue; office, Slavin Build- ing, Pasadena. Born November 21. 1S7(), in Min- eral Ridge, Trum- bull County, Oliio. Son of George and Martha J. (Will- iams) Spill. Mar- ried in 1901 to Minnie A. Big- gers. Educated in the public schools of Ohio. Gradu- a t 6 d from the U n i V e rs i t y of ^Michigan in 1896, with degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of Michigan, 1896; Ohio, 1S97; California, 1911. For a number of years editor of various Ohio newspapers. Practiced law in Warren, Ohio, until 190.5, when he moved to Cleveland, Ohio, where he remained until 1911, when he moved to Pasa- dena, where he continues to date. Judge of Municipal Court of Cleveland, Ohio, 1908-9. ^Member of Masonic order, 32° Scottish Rite, Knight Templar, Shriner, B. P. O. E., and T. O. 0. F. PATTERSON SPRIGG. Residence, 2066 1st Street; office, F i r s t National Bank Building. San Diego. Born ill I' e t e rsburg. A'irgiuia. Septem- Ikm- 17, 1860. Son (if .Tames C. and Lucy E. (Addi- son) Sprigg. Married on March 12. 1893, to Lil- lian C. Cullen. Received his early education ill the schools of Virginia. Tn 1873 moved to Wash- ington, D. C. Entered Columbian University in that city, graduating in 1SS3. with the degree of LL. B. Moved to California in .lanuary, 1887. Admitted to the bar at Wash- ington, D. C, in 1884; to the bar of California ill all the courts of that state, at San Diego, in 1887; to the Supreme Court of the United States in 1889. Is engaged in the active jiractice of his profession at the present time in San Diego. Member of the Cuyamaca riub. B. P. O. E., and the Knights of Pythias BIOGRAPHICAL 513 fraternities, aud San Diego Bar Association. Specializes in corporation law. Made special study of mechanics' liens. Represents many cori^oratious. Democrat. JAMES SINGLETON SPILMAN. Eesidenee, 25 Belleviie Avenue West, San Mateo; office, Marston Building, 244 Kearnc}' Street, San Francisco. Born near Weldoa, North Carolina, December 13, 1869. Son of James Singleton and Ida Daudridge (Whit- ten) Spilman. Married to Elizabeth Brewc Axxgust 20, 1898. Received his education .n the public and private schools at Sacramento, California, and read law in the office of Hon. L. T. Hatfield at Sacramento. Admitted to the bar of California, in San Francisco', Au- gust 12, 1892. Commenced the active prac- tice of his profession in association with the late E. L. Campbell, which continued until the latter's death in 1903, since which period he has jiracticed alone. FRED J. SPRING. Residence, 536 South Breed Street; office, 403 California Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born November 20, 1870, in Lon- don, Canada. Son of James and Maria (Plaxton) Spring. Moved to California in 1886. Married in 1890 to Minnie Friedgen. Attended Duluth, Minnesota, High School. Graduated fro m University of Southern Cali- fornia, College of Law, in 1905, with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1905 and later to the United States Cir- cuit and District Courts of Southern Califor- nia. Associated in the practice of law with Earl Rogers to date. Member of I. O. F., Moose and F. 0. E. fraternities. Republican. GEORGE DE FORREST SQUIRES. Residence, 219 .Jackson Street, Redwood City; office, Southern Pacific Law Depart- ment, San Francisco. Born in Racine, Wis- consin, October 17, 1855. Son of Ransome and Effie Jane (Babcox) Squires. Mari'ied to Minnie G. Phelps in 1873. Moved to the state December, 1873. Received his educa- tion in the common schools. Journalist, being connected with San Francisco news- papers from 1876 to 1895. Adjusting Attor- ney for the California Title Insurance and 'Trust Company, 1895-96. Admitted to the bar, .June, 1895. Member of the firm of Mc- Gowan & Squires, 1897-98; of Ellert & Squires, 1899-1902, which dissolved upon the death of ex-Mayor Ellert; of McGowan, Squires & Westlake, 1906-10. Attorney for tlie Southern Pacific Company to date. Clerk of Senate Judiciary Committee, Session 1895. Attorney for Sheriff Lackmann, 1903-4. Member of California Commandery, Knights Templar, Shrine, and Masonic fraternities, and Transportation Club. Republican. FRANK M. W. STAFFORD. Residence, 1820 North Normandie Street; office, 326 West 1st Street, Los Angeles. Born March 2, 1877, in Atchison County, Mis- souri. Son of Richard and Phoebe (Wilson) Stafford. Married January 24, 1900, to Grace Tate. Moved to California in June, 1909. Educated in the public schools of Missouri; Amity College, Iowa, and University of Iowa. Admitted to the bar of Missouri in 1900; California, 1910, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. Deputy City Prosecuting At- torney since 1911. Democrat. JOHN I. STAFFORD. Residence, 209 East Avenue, 57; offi-e. 727 H. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born September 27, 1870, in Vandalia, Illi- nois. Son of George N. and Mary D. (Beck) Stafford. Married in April, 19o"l, to Mary V. Muck. Educated in the public schools of Illinois. Attended the University of Indi- ana, at Valparaiso, Indiana, graduating in 1895, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to practice at the bar of Indiana in 1895; Mis- souri, 1904; California, 1905. Commenced the 514 Til OG li' A r II I C A L practice of his profes-sicn in Vamlalia, Illi- nois. Located in Modesto, where partnership was formed with P. J. Hazen, which con- tinued until 19u7, since which time he has practiced his profession alone in Los Angeles. Member of Masonic. Knijjhts of Pythias, and W. O. \V. fraternities. HARRY I. STAFFORD. Koiilence, 1637 Hyde Street; office. Grant Building, San Francisco. Born in San Fr a ncisco, California, July l(i, IS*^^. Son of Henry .L and Mar- g a r e t E. (Mc- »■ a n n) Stafford. Keceived his early education in the jiublic schools of San F r a n c i s CO, and later attended the Leland Stan- ford Jr. Univer- sity and Hastings College of Law, graduating therefrom in 1910, receiving the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California by the First District Court of Api>eals at San Francisco, in June, 1910. Read law in the office of Stafford & Stafford, and continues to practice in associa- tion with the above firm. Member of the Olympic Club. Democrat. WILLIAM PERRY LUCIEN STAFFORD. Residence, 4.56 Bixel Street; office, 316 Bul- lard Buil'linir. Ln« Angeles. Born June 20, ISoG, in Deansboro, New York. Son of David P. and Harriet A. (Walker) Stafford. Mar- ried December 21, 1881, to Clara Frances Proctor. Moved to the state in 1S96. Re- ceived his education in the Clinton Grammar School, New York. 1870; Whitestown Semin- ary, New York, 1S71-72, graduating in the latter year; Hamilton College, Xew York, 1872-76, when he received the degree of A. B., and in 1878 degree of A. M., and in that year that institution conferred degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Xew York in 1878; California. 1S96, and I.'nited States Cir- cuit and District Courts of Southern Califor- nia. From 1896 to 1900, in partnership with James S. Dougherty, under the firm name of Stafford & Dougherty, since which date he has practiced his profession alone. District Attorney of Orleans County, Xew York, 1887- 92. Member of the Executive Committee of the Republican ]iarty of Los Angeles County for a number of years; also of the University Club, A. O. U. W., Masonic and Iroquois fra- ternities and Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. HARRY CLYDE STANLEY. Residence. 643 East Channel Street; office, San Joaquin Building, Stockton. Born in Lewis, Iowa, December 1, 1877. Son of Horace ^L and Sarah (Upson) Stanley. Re- moved to California in 1879, where he re- ceived his early education. After a six months' course of study at Heald's Business College, of San Francisco, he studied law with John Goss, of that city, in 1900. At- tended the Law Department of Highland Park College of Des Moines, Iowa. 1902-3, and the Y. M. C. A. Law School of San F'ran- cisco for six months in 1905. Admitted to the bar of California by the District Court of Appeals, 3d District, .January 15. 1906. Republican. MILTON M. STARR. Residence, 425 South Fremont Avenue; office, 827 Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Born April 24, 1854, in Indiana. Son of John and Mary (Xethercutt) Starr. Married Octo- ber 31, 1893, to Lora Jamison. Roceive«l his early education in the public schools of Indi- ana, and attended Asbury University for two years. Studied law in the Law Department of the University of Michigan, and graeFial County, Califoj^nia, for one year, holding office of City itttorney of that place the last four montlis, then leaving Brawley to become as- sociated with his father, T. M. Stewart, at Los Angeles, since which tfme he has con- tinued the practice of his profession under ihe firm name, of Stewart & Stewart. Member of the DeHa Chi -fraternity and btanford Club of Los Angelas. Independent. THOMAS MEFFOED STEWART. Residence, loii9 Lucille Avenue; office. 3.34.3 Brad bury Building, Los Angeles. Born in Dayton, Ohio. August 27, 1847. Son of Henry Baldwin and Sarah Ann (Thomas) Stew- art. Married to Anna H. B u r- chasted Augtist 10. 1 8 7 »). Attenderl Dayton p u b 1 i c schools and Shurt- leflF College, Upper Alton, Illinois, from which he received the degree of A. B. in 1873, and the Xewton Theological Institute, Xewton Centre, Massachusetts, graduating in 187(i. Admitted to the bar of Idaho, at Blackfoot, in 1886. Member of the firm of Stewart & Dietrich, Blackfoot, Idaho, from 1891 to 1893; T. M. Stewart, Los Angeles, California, 1893-1909, and Stewart & Stewart, from 1909 to date. In general civil practice. Candidate for Chief Justice of Sujtreme Court of California in 1902 on Prohibition Ticket. Member of Los Angeles Bar Association. Prohibitionist. C. A. STICE. Residence, 1424 West Vernon Ave- nue; office, 724— 720 Bryson Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born August 2, 1S64, in Jackson- ville, Illinois. Son of Joshua E. and Sarah E. (Spires) Stice. Moved to ( ' alifornia in April. 1890. Edu- cated in the public and high schools of Illinois. At- tended the Uni- versity of M i s- s u r i, 1885 to 1888. Taught in the schools of Missouri from 1888 to 1890. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in 1896 and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. Member of Masonic order, Chamber of Commerce, Municipal League, City Club and Los Angeles Bar Association. Republi- can. JOHN CHESTER STICK. Residence, 1705 Bushnell Avenue, South Pasadena; office, 4 4 1-443 Citizens' National Bank Building, Los Angeles. Born January 29, 1S83, in Hanover, York County, Pennsyl- vania. Son of W. Chester and La- m a n d a ( R o h r- baugh) Stick. Married Ethyl B. Kohl, June 1,1911. Attended the jmb- 1 i c schools of yi a n Chester, Maryland, from 1889 to 1897; Glenville Acad- emy, Glenville, Pennsylvania, 1897 to 1900^ and St. John's College, at Annapolis, Mary- land, from 1900 to 1904, when he received the degree of B. A. Taught school in Xew York and Pennsylvania from 1904 to 1906. Studied law in the office of Hahn & Hahn, Los Ange- les, California, from November 2, 1906, to January 23, 1908, being admitted to the bar of California on that date; later to the BIOGRAPHICAL 519 United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the prac- tice of his profession associated with the firm of Hahn & Hahn, which continued until No- A'ember 2, 1910, since which time he has been practicing alone, making a specialty of cor- poration and probate practice. Member of the Masonic fraternity, Knickerbocker and City clubs, Los Angeles Bar Association, and Chamber of Commerce. Eepublican. JAMES ALLEN STIDGER. Residence, 54^/^ Carmelita Street; office, 628 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Born' in Canton, Oliio, July 20, 1837. Son of O. P. and Eliza (Hahn) Stidger. Attended Steu- benville College, Ohio, and graduated there- from in 1853. Moved to California in April, (Conners) Stidger. Grandson of Judge O. P. Stidgei', famous pioneer lawyer and editor. Married Edith May Cooper in September, 1899. Attended public schools of Nevada County, obtaining his later education by pri- vate tutors. Admitted to the bar of California 1857, and studied law in the office of Hawley & Williams, of Nevada City. Practiced in that city alone from 1869 to 1893, locating in San Francisco in 1900, at which time he en- tered into partnership with his son, O. P. Stidger, and continued the practice of his profession under the firm name of Stidger & Stidger, which association continues to date. Was an enrolling officer in the United States service in 1863, in Nevada County, and in 1863-6-t Assistant Sergeant-at-Arms of the Senate in Sacramento. Member of the Pio- neer Society of San Francisco and charter member of the Rough Riders of San Fran- cisco. Independent. OLIVER PERRY STIDGER. Residence, 541,4 Carmelita Street; office, 628 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Born in North San Juan, Nevada County, December 31, 1873. Son of James Allen and Maria in 1898. Associated with M. M. Estee and D. E. McKinley. Associated with his father, Judge James A. Stidger, to date, practicing under the firm name of Stidger & Stidger. Attorney for the Chinese Six Companies for term ending in 1909; for Chinese Chamber of Commerce, Chinese Merchants' Association and Chinese Republic Association. Member of the Masonic fraternity. Republican. HENRY ALBERT GUSTAVUS STIEGLITZ. Residence and office, San Pedro. Born in 1865 in Columbia, South Carolina. Son of William and Julia (Luhman) Stieglitz. Mar- ried in 1890 to Frances Biddle. Educated in Thompson's Military University, Columbia, South Carolina, and schools in Dixon, Illinois. Studied law in offices of Weil & Brandt, At- lanta, Georgia. Admitted to the bar of Georgia, October 18, 1889; Arizona, 1900; California, 1891; and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Associated in the practice of law in Atlanta with Dudley DuBoise, until Janu- ary, 1890, when he moved to Phoenix, Ari- zona, where he was associated with Henry Alexander. In 1891 moved to Los Angeles, and in 1893 moved to San Pedro, where he continues to the present time. City Attorney of San Pedro for ten years. Justice of Peace of San Pedro for four years. City Clerk of San Pedro for three years. Deputy District Attorney of Los Angeles County for some time. Organized San Pedro Fire Department. 520 LI UG R AT H LC AL Captain of Maricopa (Arizona) Light Guards. Member of B. P. O. E., F. O. K.. K. of P.. and Moose fraternities and Los Angeles Bar Association. Democrat. MARSHALL STIMSON. Residence, 1060 Kensington Road; office, SOl-802 Wright & Callender Building, Los Angeles. Born in Cambridge, Massachusetts, Maj' 21, 1876. Son of M. W. and Ella C. (Marshall) Stimson. Moved to this state in 18S9. Married April 27, 1904, to Mary Gor- don. Attended the Los Angeles High School, Harvard College and the Harvard Law School, graduating in 1900. Admitted to the bar at Boston, Massachusetts, in 1901, at Los An- geles, in 1903, and has continued the jiractice of his profession there to date. Chairman of the 7th District Republican Congressional Committee. Member of Masonic Order. Re- publican. GEORGE EDGAR STOKER. Residence. 173.3 Alcatraz Avenue, Berkeley; office, 1002 Merchants' Exchange Building, San Francisco. Born in Topeka, Kansas, April 16, 1871. Son of George Cookman and Celestine (Easter) Stoker. Married June 16, 1897, to Edith I). Isbell. Graduated from the Kansas State Agricultural College, Man- hattan, Kansas, in 1890, with the degree of B. S. ; from the Harvard L^niversity in 189.3, with the degree of B. A.; and was a student of Hastings College of Law in 189.3 and 1894. Admitted to the bar, at San Francisco, August 8, 1894. Commenced the practice of law at Topeka, Kansas, where he practiced from .January, 1895, to June, 1907, since which time he has continued the practice of his pro- fession in San Francisco in partnership with W. "W. McXair, under the firm name of Mc- Xair & Stoker. Member of the Harvard Club of San Francisco. BYRON r. STONE, JR. Residence, Alameda; office. Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in Oakland, April .3, 1877. Son of Byron Franklin and Ella (Wells) Stone. Married to Madeleine Blanch- ard in 1903. Received his education at the University of California, and was admitted to the bar of this state in April, 1911, con- tinuing in the active practice to date. In- dependent. RICHARD BERRYMAN STOLDER. Residence and office, Mariposa. Boin in California, March 27, 1863. Son of Anthony and Jane (Breeden) Stolder. Married Ada S. Hodges, June 14, 1911. Received his early education in the public schools of La Grange, Stanislaus County, later attending Hastings College of Law, from which he graduated in May, 1S8.J. Admitted to the bar bv the Su- preme Court of California, June' 1. 1885. Elected District .attorney of Mariposa County in 1888 and re-elected in 1890. Engaged in the practice of law in Mariposa until 1910, when he wai? again elected District Attorney, which position he holds to date. Democrat. GAILLARD STONEY. Residence, 3924 Jackson Street; office. 250 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Born in Xapa, California, April 28, 1868. Son of Thomas P. and Kate M. (Allen) Stoney. Married November 7, 1895, to Georgiana Mae- Donald. Craduatod from the Fniversitv of BIOGRAPHICAL 521 California in 1888, with the degree of B. A., and from the Hastings College of Law in 1891, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California at San Francisco, June, 1891. Served as clerk in office of Stanly, Stoney & Hayes until January, 1903. Assist- ant Citv and County Attorney under H. C. Cresweli, 1893-99. Member of the firm of Stoney & Stoney to 1901; Stoney, Eoaleau & Stoney, to date. Lieutenant-Colonel on staff of Gov. J. N. Gillett. Vice-president and at- torney for Title Insurance & Guaranty Com- pany to date. Member of the Bohemian and Presidio Golf clubs of San Francisco. Demo- crat. FRANK DEVELLO STRINGHAM. Residence, 27il(3 Claremont Avenue, Berke- ley; office, 630 Chronicle Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in Topeka, Kansas, December 9, 1872. Son of Theodore L. and Marie Louise (Poor) Stringham. Moved to this state in 1891. Married November 23, 1905, to Juliet W. Garber. Attended Washburn College, To- peka, graduating in 1890, and later attending the University of California, graduating with the degree of A. B. in 1895. Attended Hast- ings College of Law from 1895 to 1897. Prior to his admission to the bar was connected with the firm of Garber, Boalt & Bishop, and in 1890 was chief clerk of the City and County Attorney's office. City Attorney of Berkeley, 1909-1 1. From 1908\mtil the pres- ent time associated with the firm of Hillyer, Stringham & O'Brien. Republican. ZEBULON BROWNLOW STUART. Residence, 3 10 Vista Place; of- fice, 527 Higgins Building, Los An- geles. Born in Atlanta, Georgia, September 13, 186 2. Son of William H e n r y and Elizabeth W. (Scates) S t u a rt. Married to Mary M. Burton in 188.5. Received his edu- cation in the com- mon schools and at Spicelan d A c a d- emy, S p i c e 1 and Indiana. M o v ed to (.'alifornia in 1885 and was employed by the Southern California Railway as civil engi- neer. In 1889 studied law with Charles R. Gray and Col. A. B. Paris, of San Bernar- dino. Admitted to the bar of California in 1893, at Los Angeles, and later to all courts having jurisdiction in this state. In 1896 en- tered into ]iartnership with Charles R. Gray and Hugh Percy at San Bernardino and River- side, which partnership continued until 1897. In 1902 practiced his profession in Los Angeles in partnership with Hugh Percy, which con- tinued until 1903, when he temporarily gave up active practice. Re-entered into practice again in 1908, and has been continuously since that date, making a specialty of min- ing, water and corporation law. Member of the National Guard of California in 1887. County Surveyor of San Bernardino County from 1886 to 1889 and City Assessor of San Bernardino from 1889 to 1891. Member of Knights of Pythias, I. 0. O. F., Macabees and Loyal Order of the Moose fraternities. Re- publican. BERRY STURGEON. Residence, 501 Carleton Way; office, 403 California Building, Los Angeles. Born Octo- ber 24, 1881, in Bradford, Pennsylvania. Sou of John Calvin and Eda (Blakeslee) Stur- geon. Married November 23, 1910, tO' Ro- berta Glenn. Educated in the private schools at Erie, Pennsylvania, and at Bishop Ridley College, St. Catherine, Ontario, Canada. At- tended Stetson University, Florida, from 1900 to 1903, and read law in the office of A. E. Sisson, of Erie, Pennsylvania. Admitted to the bar of Pennsylvania in June, 1906, and moved to California the following year, be- ing admitted to the bar, January 22, 190S. Practiced in Los Angeles to date in associa- tion with Earl Rogers. Member of the Masonic fraternity. Republican. GEORGE ABRAM STURTEVANT. Residence, 31 Belmont Avenue; office. City Hall, San Francisco. Born in Franktown, Nevada, August 2, 1899. Son of James and Emma Eliza (Curry) Sturtevant. Married December 16, 1900, to Pearl Fine. Educated .00 B I G R A Fine A L at Ukiah Grammar School, 1S79-82; Washing- ton College, Irvington. California, 1883-84; Boone's Academy. April, 1884, to August of that year, and the University of California, graduating from that institution in 1889 with the degree of Ph. B. Admitted to this state, at Sacramento, in May, 1892, and commenced the practice of his profession at Ukiah. Janu- ary 19, 1893. Elected District Attorney of Mendocino County, serving from .January, 1894, to December, 1898. Deputy Attorney- General, January, 1899, to January, 1907. Assistant Attorney-General, January. 1907, to .Tune of that year. Appointed Superior Judge by Governor Gillett, June 30, 19(t7. and elected November, 1908, for a period of six vears. Member of the Cosmos Club and W. b. W. and Masonic fraternities. Ro])ublican. EUGENE D. SULLIVAN. Besideme. o4o4 Kith Street; ulhce, First Xational Bank Building, San Francisco. Born October 21, 1873, in San Francisco. Married August 19, 1908, to Anna Kerr. Educated in the public schools of San Fran- cisco, and later St. Mary's College, leaving that institution in 1889. Stu.lied law in the offices of Charles F. Ifanlon and Mullany, Grant & Cushing, .until his admission to the bar of California in 189S. Associated with the above firm until its dissolution in 1903. since which time he has been associated with the firm of Cushing & Cushing. Member of the California Assembly, 1899-1900. Member of the Knights of Columbus and Native Sons of the Golden West fraternities. JEREMIAH FRANCIS SULLIVAN. KesiileiH-e. 2iiii7 Paiiiii- Avenue; offiee, 1108 Humboldt Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in Litchfield County, Connecticut, Au- gust 19, 1851. Son of Michael and Margaret (Bohane) Sullivan. Moved to California in April, 1852. Married September 13, 1876, to Helen M. Bliss. Attended the public and private schools of Nevada County, California, until January 3, 18G2. Entered St. Ignatius College. San Francisco, and received the de- gree of A. B. in June 18. 1870, and degree of A. M. in 1872. Honorary degree of LL.D. conferred in 1905. Taught in St. Ignatius College, while studying law, 1872-74. Ad- mitted to the bar of California by the Su- preme Court in 1874. Began the practice of law, June 10, 1874, practicing alone. Member of the Board of Education of San Francisco from December, 1877, to January, 1880. Elected one of the first twelve judges of the San Francisco Sujterior Court in 1879. Drew term of five years, expiring December 31, 1885. Re-elected in November. 1884, for six years. Resigned August 1, 1889, to organize the firm of Sullivan & Sullivan. Now prac- ticing under the firm name of Sullivan & Sul- livan and Theo. J. Roche. Member of the Young Men's Institute and Catholic Fraternal Organization, also of the SaD Francisco Bar Association. Doinocrnt. MATTHEW IGNATIUS SULLIVAN. Residence. 92n Guerrero Street; office. Hum- boldt Bank Building, San Francisco. Born November 3. 1857, in Grass Valley, Nevada County, California. Son of Michael and Mar- garet (Bohan) Sullivan. Graduated from St. BIOGRAPHICAL 523 Ignatius College, San Francisco, in 1876, with the degree of A. B., and later received the degree of LL. D. Studied law in the office of his brother, Judge J. F. Sullivan. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in November, 1879. Engaged in the practice of law in San April, 1901, and to the state and federal courts of that state. In 1907, appointed Justice of the Peace of Los Angeles Town- ship, and elected to that office in 1910. Mem- ber of the Masonic, B. P. O. E., Eagles, I. O. F., K. of P., Modern Woodmen of Francisco alone until 1890, when he formed partnership with his brother, Judge J. F. Sul- livan, who that year resigned his office of Judge of the Superior Court of San Francisco. The firm was known as Sullivan & Sullivan until the year 1905, when Theodore J. Eoehe was admitted to the partnership, which be- came Sullivan, Sullivan & Theo. J. Roche. One of the supervisors appointed by Mayor Taylor in July, 1907, to succeed the members indicted during the Schmitz administration. President of Panama-Pacific International Ex- position Commission of the state of Califor- nia, appointed by Governor Johnson in 1911. Director and Vice-President of Mission Sav- ings Bank. Member of San Francisco Bar Association and Mission Promotion Associa- tion. Independent. JOHNSON WYATT SUMMERFIELD. Residence, 2283 Cambridge Street; office. County Courthouse, Los Angeles. Born No- vember 20, 1869, in Vernon, Indiana. Son of John Wyatt and Catherine Jane (Mc- Claskey) Summerfield. Married December 5, 1908, to Phoebe F. Labory. Educated in the public schools of California, to which state he moved in 1883. Entered the Uni- versity of Southern California, Law College, graduating in June, 1901, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California, America, and A. 0. U. W. fraternities, and Jonathan and Metropolitan clubs. Republi- can. CHARLES EDWARD SUMNER. Residence, 432 Ardmore Avenue; office, 1U17 Union Oil Building, Los Angeles. Born in Moneton, New Brunswick, Canada, March 4, 1860. Son of William H. T. and Elizabeth Charlotte (Thompson) Sumner. Moved to California in 1882. Married Elizabeth Me- serve, January 21, 1888. After attending the High School at Moneton, New Brunswick, took the law course in Boston (Mass.) Uni- versity Law School, graduating in 1881 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of New Brunswick, Canada, in 1881; Califor- nia, in 1883, and later admitted to practice before the United States Circuit Court and District Courts for the Southern District of California. Republican. WILLIAM ALVIN SUMNER. Residence, 432 Ardmore Avenue; office, 1017 Union Oil Building, Los Angeles. Born in Pomona, California, November 6, 18S8. Son of Charles Edward and Elizabeth (Meserve) Sumner. Educated in the public schools of Pomona and Upland; Harvard Military Academy; Pomona College. Graduated from the University of Southern California and received A. B. degree in 1912. Admitted to 524 BlOGli A I'll IC AL the bar of California. .Tamiary 17, 1912. As- sociated with E. A. Meserve to date. Re- publican. E. VINCENT SURE. Resilience, 'IV.Vl Vii>,'iiii:i Street. Berkeley; oflBce. Merchants" National Bank Building, San Francisco. Born April IG, 1S70, in Lon- don. England. Son of .Joseph and Elizabeth (Grabham) Surr. Moved to California in 1S84. Married. October 14, 1890, to Paula Krause (deceased), and August 15, 1903, to Mary Boyer. Educated at i»rivate boarding schools of Brighton. London, England, from 1877 to 1883, when he moved to California. In .Janu- ary, 1909, was admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in Los Angeles, afterward coming to San Francisco, where he practiced alone until November ]5, 1910. since which time he has been associated with Frank H. Gould. Social- ist. ROLAND G. SWAFFIELD. Residence, 1421 Locust Street; office, 620- 24 Homer Laughlin Building, Los Angeles; branch office. 531 First National Bank Build- ing, Long Beach. Born in Coldwater, Michi- gan, January 7, 1884. Son of Eugene M. and Celia (Nettieman) Swaffield. Moved to Call- formed partnership with John G. Mulliolland, under the firm name of Swaffield & Mulliol- land, opening an office in Los Angeles, and maintaining the two offices to date. Member of the L^nion League Club, and B. P. O. E. and I. O. O. F. fraternities. Republican. J. W. SWANWICK. Residence, 44(j South Buyle Avenue; of- fice, 706 American Bank Building, Los An- geles. Born November 16, 1858, in Perry County, Illinois. Son of J. J. and Eliza (Conn) Swanwick. Moved to California in 1S77. Married, 1894, to Henrietta English. Educated in the public schools of Illinois and St. Louis, Missouri. Admitted to the bar of California in 1884. For the past twelve years in partnership with Rusk Harris. Member of the Los Angeles Bar Association. Democrat. FRANK R. SWEASEY. Residence. 70 Puitula Street; office, 506 Crocker Building, San Francisco. Born in Eureka, Humboldt County, California, in 1875. Son of Richard and Annie M. (Wilson) Sweasey. Married .January 5. 1901, to Anna fornia in 1907. Married September 28, 1907. Graduated from Coldwater (Mich.) High School in 1902, and from the University of Michigan, graduating in 1906, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Michigan, June, 1906; California, November, 1907, and later to the United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Southern California. In No- vember, 1907, commenced the practice of law in Long Beach alone. On ^lardi 1. 1910. 13. McLeod. Studied Scientific Course in the University of California three years. Gradu- ated from the Law Class of the University of Michigan in 1900. Admitted to the bar of the state of Michigan in 1900; California in 1901. Has continued in active practice since said date, making a si)ecialty of maritime banking and corporation law. Attorney for Superintendent of Banks, 1909-10. Member of Commonwealth Club. BIOGRAPHICAL 525 ROBERT SWEENY. Eesidenee, 680 New Hampshire Avenue; office, 915 Title Insurance Building, Los An- g e 1 e s. Born in Spokane, "Wash- ington, July 9, 188 4. Son of Charles and Eme- line (O'Neil) Sweeny. Moved to California in 1910. Married Teresa Hauaway, May 12, 1906. Educated in public and priv- ate schools in the state of Washing- ton. Graduated from Notre Dame University (Indiana) in 1903, with degree of A. B., and from Harvard Law School in 1907, with de- gree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Massa- chusetts by the supreme court at Boston in February, 1906; to practice in Porto Rico by the United States District Court for Porto Rico in 1907; to the bar of California, Feb- ruary 29, 1912, since which time he has been following general practice. Was Receiver under the federal courts at Porto Rico from October, 1907, to July, 1909. Member Bohe- mian Club of San Francisco. Republican. CHARLES IBESON SWEET. Residence, 123i West 37th Drive; office, 309 Fay Building, Los An- geles. Born De- cember 1.5, 1869, in Long Eaton, England. Son of William Hales and Elizabeth (Evans) Sweet. Married July 21, 1902, to Flora Keller (de- ceased, November, 19 5); January 13, 1910, to Mary Dorothy Pinheiro, Educated in Wal- lasey G r a mmar School, Cheshire, England, 1882-86; Rev. D. Horace Townsend's Preparatory School, Brockley, Kent, England, 1886; tutored by Cambridge professor 1886-87. Read law in the offices of W. W. Erwin, S. E. Ferree, and Henry S. Mead of Minneapolis, Minnesota. Arrived in Canada in 1887, where for a num- ber of years he was engaged in agricultural and mining pursuits, four years of which time he taught in the schools of Canada. Ad- mitted to the bar of Minnesota in 1902, and California, May 12, 1905; later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of South- ern California. Practiced in Minneapolis, Minnesota, for three years in association with George S. Grimes and Jesse Van Valkenburg, Moved to California in 1905. Practices his profession in Los Angeles, alctoe, to date. Member of the Canadian Club, Masonic Order, Regent Sunset Council, Royal Arcanum, and an organizer of the first Los Angeles cricket club. Republican. GEORGE THOMAS SWEET. Residence, The Stratford; office, 516-518 Fay Building, Los Angeles. Born in South Atkinson, Maine, April 11, 1879. Son of John C. and Mary (Collins) Sweet. Received his education at Higgins Classical Institute, Charleston, Maine, college preparatory course, graduating in 1896. Entered Colby College, Waterville, Maine, in 1899, and graduated therefrom in 1903 with degree of A. B. Then followed the full course in Harvard Law School, which conferred LL. B. in 1907. That year he removed to California, and on .Janu- ary 22, 1908, was admitted to practice at the bar of this state by the District Court of Ap- peal for the Second District, and April 19, 1909, was admitted to practice before the United States Circuit and District Courts. Continued practicing alone until July 1, 1912 when he formed partnership with H. o! Wheeler, Jr., under the firm name of Wheeler & Sweet, which continues to date. March, 1912, appointed attorney for the Los Angeles Aqueduct Investigation Commission. Mem- ber of Harvard Masonic Club, University Club of Los Angeles, City Club of Los An- geles, Zeta Psi fraternity, Los Angeles Bar Association, F. & A. M. Contributed chapters 526 BlOGIi A J' It IC AL on "Bigaiiiv" ami "Bribery" to Encyclopedia of Procedure (Powell & 'Co., L. A., 1912). Republican. BENJAMIN PREWITT TABOR. Re;sideuce and office, Auburn, Placer County. Born August 17, 1852, in Hopkins County, Te.xas. Son of Dr. Isaac and Eobecca Prewitt Tabor. Married March 7, 1882, to Cora Eve- lyn Place. Educated in the common schools, the Lonsdale High School and Stale Norma! School of Rhode Island. Moved tO California in 1874. Read law in the offices of J. E. Hale and E. L. Craig, in Auburn, California. In 1877 attended the Law Department of Iowa State University. Admitted to the bar of Iowa, in June, 1878, and to the bar of Texas three months later. Admitted to the bar of California in 1886. In 1884 entered into partnership with Woods Crawford, practicing under tlie firm name of Crawford k Tabor until 1889. Practiced four years in Sulphur Springs, Hopkins County, Texas, as a member of the firm of Hunter, Putnam & Tabor. Served as Police Judge of Sulphur Springs, Texas, 1880-82. Member of the State Bar Association, L O. O. F. and B. P. O. E. frater- nities, Tahoe Club and State Central Com- mittee. Chairman of Placer County Central Committee, 190S. Democrat. JAMES DEACON TAGGART. Residence, 225 Andrews Boulevard; office, 1017 Union Oil Building, Los Angeles. Born in Santa Barbara, September 25, 1888. Son of James W. and Kathrine (Payne) Taggart. Educated in the public schools of Santa Bar- bara, graduating from the high school in 1904. The following year was spent at IMat- tliews' Military Academy, San Mateo. Grad- uated from Stanford University in 1909 with the degree of A. B., and from the University of Southern California, College of Law, in lin2, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California in 1911, and to the United States Circuit and District Courts for the Southern District of California during the same month, since which time he has been ]»racticing iiis profession in the office of Ed- win A. Meserve. Member of N. S. G. W. and Phi Delta Phi fraternities. Repul)lican. JOSEPH HAMILTON TAM. Residence and office. Bakers- field. Born in Woodbridge, San .Toaquin C o u n ty, California, April 8, 1860. Son of Joseph Harris and Sarah (Classford) Tam. M a r r i e d January 15, 190!ican. RICHARD ROBERT TANNER. Residence, 1517 4th Street, Santa Monica; office, California Building, Los Angeles. Born ill San .Tuan, California, March 30, 1858. Son iif .Vlbert Miles and Lovina (Bickmore) Tan- ner. Married February 1, 1894, to Sebaldina M. Bontty. Educated in the public and high schools of California and later studied law in the office of Blackstock & Shepherd. Ad- mitted to the bar of California by the Sui>e- rior Court at Los Angeles, July 14, 1885; Supreme Court of California, April .3, 1894; United States Circuit and United States Dis- trict Courts, May 27, 1S95, and to the. Ignited States Court of Ajipeals, 1S97. City .Attorney BIOGRAPHICAL 527 of Santa Monica from 1888 to 1901. Deputy District Attorney under District Attorney Prank P. Kelly "^from 1889 to 1901. SenioV member of the law firm of Tanner, Taft & FREDERICK HARRIS TAFT. Residence, 8anta Monica; office, 910-921 California Building, Los Angeles. Born April 4, 18.57, in Pierrepont Manor, New York. Odell, of Los Angeles. Maintains brancli offi- ces at Santa Monica and Pasadena. Member of the American Geographic Society, Gamut Club, Masonic order and I. 0. O. F. Repub- lican. CLAIR S. TAPPAAN. Residence, 3848 In graham Street; office, 433 Doug- las Building, Los A n g e 1 e s. Born i n Baldwiusville, New York, May 14, 1878. Son of Wallace and Fran- ces (McMechan) Tappaan. Moved to California in :901. Married Mary Darling, May 12, 1906. Re- ceived his educa- tion from High School, University of Michigan and Cornell University. Admitted to the bar at New York in 1900 and in California in 1901. Instructor in the College of Law, University of California, for the past eight years. Mem- ber of the Jonathan and University clubs and the Los Angeles Bar Association. Re- publican. Son of Stephen Harris and Mary Antoinette (Burnhani) Taft. Married Frances M. Welch, February 23, 1881. Moved to California in 1893. Received his education at Humboldt (Iowa) College, graduating in 1878, with the degree of A. B. Graduated from the Law Department of the Northwestern University, Sioux City, Iowa, in 1892, with degree of LL. B. Admitted by the Supreme Court of Iowa (Des Moines), " May 11, 1892. After ad- mission to the bar became member of the firm of Sawyer & Taft, Sioux City. Admitted to the bar of California in 1894 and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts. Moved to Santa Monica in 1893 and estab- lished the firm of Tanner & Taft in 1894, later the firm name being changed to Tanner, Taft & Odell, which continues to date. Served as City Attorney of Santa Monica, 1902-7. Member of the Union League Club, International Order of Good Templars, and Republican State Central Committee. Re- publican. CHARLES ROSCOE TAYLOR. Residence, 230 East Lake Avenue; office, W. W. Ford Block, W^atsonville. Born in Watsonville, August 16, 1880. Son of Charles Edward and Eliza C. (Waugaman) Taylor. Married February 22, 1909, to Charlotte M. Demartini. Educated at the common and high schools of Watsonville, graduating in 1898. Admitted to the bar of California at Sacramento, January 4, 1909. Republican. 528 BlOGBAPniCAL HARRIS W. TAFT. Residence, Santa Monica ; ittHio. California Building. Los Angeles. Born in Fort Dodge, Iowa, June 17, 18S6. Son of Fred H. and Frances M. (Welch) Taft. Moved to Cali- fornia in January, 1894. Married June 15, 1910, to Lucille Sharp. Educated in the pub- lic schools of Sioux City, Iowa, and Santa Monica. Graduated from Stanford Univer- sity with degree of A. B. 19(i7. Read law in the office of Tanner, Taft & Odell, becom- ing a partner in this firm in 1910. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in July, 1908, City Attorney of Santa Monica since Janu- ary, 1910. Member of the Masonic order and the Union League Club. Progressive Repub- lican. EDWARD EVERETT TAYIiOR. Resi.lcii.-c. Muiuuvia; utHcc. U:"." H. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born July 12, 1S6S, in Owosso. Michigan. Son of Ben- jamin Franklin and Louisa Jane (Sly) Tay- lor. Moved to California in 1900. Married Elizabeth J. Cowan, August 13, 190.5. Grad- uated from the Owo?so Michigan High School in 1887, and from the University of Michigan in 189.3, receiving the degree of Bachelor of Philosophv. .\dmitted to the bar at Los Angeles, .January 21, 1907. Practices law in Los Angeles alone to date. Member of the Union League and City clubs of Los Angeles. Republican. EDWARD K. TAYLOR. Residence. 142^ Lafayette Street; office, Alameda Bank Building, Alameda. Born in Elmira. New York, August 2, 1861. Son of William and Isabella A. (Kimberlin) Taylor. Moved to California in 1S(53. Received educa- tion in the public, grammar and high schools of Alameda; also attended Dover's Academy and took course of study at Heald's Business Col- lege. Entered the University of the Pacific, at Santa Clara, graduating in 1881, with de- gree of Ph. B., and four years later receiving degree of Ph. M. Graduated from the Law Department of University of California, with degree of LL. B., in 1886'. Admitted to prac- tice by the Supreme Court of California in 188.5. Commenced the active practice of his profession in Alameda immediately uj^on ad- mission. Served as City Attornej- of Alameda for fourteen vears — 1887 to 1901. State Sen- ator for Alameda County, 1899-1903. Presi- dent of Board of Freeholders, which made new charter for Alameda, and first Mayor of that city, 1907-9. Member of Republican State Executive Committee for six years. First vice-chairman during McKinley cam- paign. Active memVier of Good Roails Con- ventions. Attorney for Alameda Savings and Alameda National Banks for about twenty years. Continues the active practice of his profession in that city to date. Republican. MORGAN STUART TAYLOR. Residence, 2521 Central Avenue; office, 1401 Park Street, Alameda. Born August 27, 1847, in Washington, D. C. Son of William and Isabella Anne (Kimberlin) Taylor. Married May 27, 1885, to Emma Maude Haskell. Moved to California September 20, 1849. Educated in Cumberland Valley Institute, 1860-61; University of Pacific, Santa Clara, 1862-63; College of California, Oakland, 186.3-64. Admitted to the bar of California, in the Supreme Court, May, 1902. in the BIOGRAPHIC AL 529 United States District Court, April 30, 1907; in the United States Circuit Court, July 28, 1909, and in the United States Circuit Court of Appeals, May 12, 1910. Served as Judge of the Police Court of city of Alamedn, 1901-2. Eepublican. RUFUS THAYER. Eesidenee, 2173 Pacific Avenue; oflSce, 57 Post Street, San Francisco. Born in North- ville, Michigan, January 25, 1868. Son of Hiram and Almira (Wheeler) Thayer. Mar- ried Jrma Wheeler November 26, 1893. Graduated from the University of Michigan in 1891, with the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar of Michigan June 21, 1S94; Su- preme Court of the United States, .January -!•, 1904. Moved to Colorado Springs, Colorado, August 1, 1895. Member of the firm of Hall, Babbitt & Thayer, until 1905, and later of the firm of Hall & Thayer at Colorado Springs and Goldfield, Nevada, from 1905 until 1909. Moved to San Francisco in June, 1909, since which time has practiced alone. Member of the Pacific Union and Union League clubs of San Francisco and Jonathan Club of Los An- geles. Eepublican. S. JOSEPH THEISEN. Eesidence, 1088 Capp Street; office, 802 Balboa Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, September 23, 1867. Son of Jo'hn Joseph and Johanna Adoli)hine (Dressier) Theisen. Married September 19, 1908, to Eegina Kimmer. Graduated from the Valen- cia Grammar School in 1882; Lowell High School in 1885. Studied law in the oiEce of Marcus Eosenthal, and was admitted to the bar at San Francisco by the Supreme Court of CalifoTnia, May 21, 1890. From 1902 until 1906 practiced law in association with Fred H. Jung, under the firm name of Theisen & Jung, since which date he has practiced alone. Eepublican. MAX THELEN. Eesidence, 233-4 Bowditch Street, Berkeley; office, 833 Market Street, San F' r a a c i s c 0. Born in Rising C i t y, Nebraska, Octoijer 2, 1880. Son of E. and Fanny J. (Bayr- h offer) Thelen. Moved to Califor- nia in 1888. Re- ceived his educa- tion in the public schools of Califor- n i a , graduating from National City High School in 1895, and University of California in 1904, with the degree of B. L., and from the Har- vard Law School in 1906, reeceiving the de- gree of M. A. Admitted to the bar at Los Angeles, October, 1906. Associated with 01- ney & Olney from 1906 to 1907. Assistant attorney for the Western Pacific Eailroad Company, 1907 to 1910, and attorney for this company, 1910 to 1911. Attorney for State Eailroad Commission, April, 1911, to date. Major of the University of California Cadets, 1907-8. Secretary of Berkeley Lincoln-Eoose- velt Eepublican Club, 1908-9. Member of the Eepublican State Central Committee, Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, American Society of Inter- national Law, Commonwealth and University of California Clubs, and City Club of Berke- ley. Eepublican. JAMES RODERICK THOMPSON. Eesidence, Santa Barbara; oflice, 7 Thomas Building, Santa Barbara. Born in Golden- dale, Washington, September 18, 1881. Son of Eev. James and Frances Holland (Mack- enzie) Thompson. Graduated from the Col- legiate Institute, Salt Lake City, in 1900, and graduated from Princeton University in 1905 with the degree of B. A. Admitted tO' the bar of California in 1909, and associat?d with Oscar C. Mueller from the date of his admission until 1911, when he removed to Santa Barbara, where he continues to date. Eepublican. RAYMOND GEORGE THOMPSON. Eesidence, 620 Jackson Street, Pasadena; office, 731 Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Born in Murdock, Minnesota, March 23, 1886. Son of Charles W. and Jessie (Eedfield) Thompson. Married Hera E. Williams Au- gust 6, 1909. Moved to this state in 1901. Graduated from the Pasadena High School in 1906. Attended the University of California in 1906 and 1907; then took a two-year law course at the University of Southern Califor- nia, College of Law, during one and a half years of that time. Was clerk in the office of Hon. Edwin A. Meserve, Los Angeles. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, upon exam- ination, July 23, 1909, and to the United States District and Circuit Courts of South- ern California, November, 1910. Commenced the practice of law and continued alone until November, 1910, when he became associated with W. T. Craig, which continues to date, PRESSON WAVERLY THOMSON. Eesidence, 2227 West 29th Place; office, 517 0, T. Johnson Building, Los Angeles, Born in Knox County, Illinois, October 9, 1870. Son of Bresson Wheeler and Mary Susannah (Lapham) Thomson. Married in June, 1902, to Vera Margaret Bradshaw. Graduate of Yates City High School, Yates City, Illinois, in 1888; Knox Academy, Gales- 530 Bi OGF A rn I C A L burg, Illinois, in 1S93; Knox College, Gales- biirg, Illinois, receiving the degree of A. B., in 1897. Beeeivetl the degree of LL. B. in 1909 from the University of Illinois. Ad- mitted to the bar, in Illinois, in 1909, and to the bar of California in 1910. Practices his profession alone to date. HARRY M. TICKNOR. Residence, 655 North El Moliuo Avenue; office, Stanton Building, Pasadena. Born August 16, 1870, in .Jacksonville, Illinois. Son of Levi F. and Flora (Thompson) Tick- nor. Married October 17, 1896, to Florence A. Graham (deceased September 30, 1909). Educated in the public schools of Jackson- ville, Illinois, and graduated from the Uni- versity of Michigan in 1892 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Michigan, 1892; Illinois, 1892; Washington, 1893; Ter- ritory of Oklahoma, 19(17; State of Oklahoma, 1908*; California 1894, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Practiced for a few months in Jacksonville, Illinois, when he moved to Tacoma, Wiishington, where he practiced one year as a member of the firm of Ticknor »Sr Peer, In 1894 moved to San Francisco, where for two years he was a member of the firm of McfJowan & Ticknor. In 1906 movoauies. Democrat. HORTON L. TITUS. Office, 4tli and Union Building, San Diego. Born March 19, 1888, in San Diego, Califor- nia. Son of Harrv L. and Mary H. (Horton) Titus. Married April 25, 19lf, to Helen B. Boal. Educated in the public schools of San Diego and the University of California. Studied law in the office of his father, Harry L. Titus, San Diego. Admitted to the bar of California, .lanuary 11, 1911. Engaged in the genera] practice of law in San Diego to date. Member of the San Diego Bar Association; Phi Delta Theta, Coronado Country Club, and Masonic bodies. Honorary member of th«; Coast Artillery Reserves of San Diego. Re- publican. JOSEPH S. TOBIN. Kcsidonce, Burliiiyaiiic, Sau ^lateo County; office, Hibernia Biiiik P>uilding, San Francisco. BIOGRAPHICAL 531 Born in San Francisco, in 1S69. Sou of Eicli- ard and Mary A. (Regan) Tobin. Married to Mary Gray Dimond, October 29, 1895. At- tended St. Ignatius College, San Francisco, and Georgetown College, Washington, D. C, graduating therefrom in 1890, with the degree of B. A., and from the same university gradu- ating from the Law Department, with the degree of LL. B., in 1892. Admitted to the bar of California in 1892, and commenced the practice of his profession in partnership with his brother, Alfred Tobin, which continued until his brother's death in September, 1900. Continues the j)ractice in partnership with his brother, C. P. Tobin, practicing under the firm name of Tobin & Tobin. Member of the Board of Supervisors, San Francisco, in 1905; also of the University and Pacific-Union clubs. Democrat. EGBERT A. TODD. Residence, 1323 West 7th Street; office, 904-908 International Bank Building, Los Angeles. Born in San Bernardino, California, March 4, 1870. Son of Asa and Mary C. (Rhyan) Todd. Married July 12, 1898, to Minna F. Reinert. Educated in the public schools of Los Angeles County until 1887. Admitted to the bar of California October 20, 1903. Member of Los Angeles Athletic Club, N. S. G. W., and Masonic fraternity. Repub- lican. THOMAS O. TOLAND. Residence, 718 Kensington Road; office, 1100 Union Oil Building, Los Angeles. Born in Bluff Springs, Clay County, Alabama, Septem- ber 13, 1856. Son of James and Mildred Ann (Street) Toland. Moved to California in 1875. Married Carrie A. Fleisher, August 16, 1900. Received his early education in the schools and academies of Alabama. Attended one term (1874) at the Agricultural and Mechanical Col- lege, Auburn, and one term, the same year, at the University of Virginia, when he removed to California, and in .lanuary, 1875, entered the University of California at Berkeley, wl.ore he graduated with the class of 1878, and with the degree of A. B. This was followed with a law course in Hastings College of Law, which was ended in 1879. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court at Los Angeles and also to practice before the United States Courts, and December 15, 1910, was admitted to practice before the Supreme Court of the United States. District Attor- ney of Ventura County from 1893 to 1895. Member of California State Assembly, Session of 1897; State Board of Equalization, 1899 to 1903. Since 1910 has been associated with Lewis W. Andrews and Cedric E. Johnson in general practice. Editor of "Besom," the Uni- versity of California publication, during 1876, and editor-in-chief of "The Berkeleyan," 1S77 and 1878. Member of Masonic order, Shriner (Al Malaikah Temple, Los Angeles), I. 0. O. F., and Alumni Association U. of C. Demo- crat. H. A. VAN COENEN TORCHIANA. Residence, Fam- _ ily Club; office, Humboldt Bank Building, San Francisco. . Born in Java, D u t c h East Indies, De- cember 25, 1867. Son of William George and Baron- ess (Van Coenen) Torchiana. Moved to California in 1890. Married at Santa Cruz, Cali- fornia, to Cather- ine Geloudemans. Educated in the public schools of Amsterdam, Holland, and the Academy at Arnheim, Holland; later graduated from the College of Commerce, and Economics, at Ams- terdam, Holland. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California in 1900 and the Supreme Court of the United States. Formed partnership with the Hon. Albert Dickerman under firm name of Dickerman & Torchiana, at Watsonville, California, which continued from 1900 to ]905. In 1905 he formed partner- ship with W. P. Netherton, at Santa Cruz, un- der the firm name of Netherton & Torchiana, which continued until 1910. Entered into partnership with Fred S. Stratton and W. W. Kaufman in 1910, practicing under the firm name of Stratton, Kaufman & Torchiana, 532 BIOGRAnilC AL which continues to date. President of the Santa Cruz Chamber of Commerce, 1908-10, and President of the Santa Cruz County Com- mercial League, 1907-9. Member of The Family and Union League clubs, and Alumnus of the College of Commerce of Amsterdam, Holland. Republican. JAMES ROBERT TOWNSEND. Residcmc, :^:'.17 Oioau View Avonuo; office, 430 Bradbury Building, Los Angeles, Califor- nia. Born September 21, 1S.5S, in Staunton, Clay County, Indiana. Son of James Mc- Gready and Julia (Somers) Townsend. Mar- ried Mav 1, 1882, to Beulah Peauchette. Edu- cated in the common schools of Indiana. Studied law in the office of Perry & Town- send, Albia, Iowa. Admitted to the bar of Iowa in 1880, Indiana in 1881, and California in 1883, since which date he has been engaged in the exclusive practice of patents, copy- rights, and trademarks. From 188.5 to 1897 was member of the firm of Hazard & Town- send, and with his brothers, Alfred T. and Francis M. Townsend, under the firm name of Townsend Bros., until 1898. Upon the death of Alfred I., at that time, the firm continued with the surviving members until 19U5, sini^e which date he has practiced alone, '.ectiirev on "Patents" in University of Southern Cali- fornia. College of Law, from its inception. Writer of numerous poems (religious, social, and political subjects). Socialist. FRED ALDRICH TREAT. Eesidence, .1112 Pacific Street; onicc, liowc Building. Monterey. Born in Salinas, Cali- fornia. November 29, 1873. Son of Willard F. and Sophronia B. Treat. Married Henri- etta E. Watson, November 20, 1902. Gradu- ated from the Salinas High School in 1892. Attended Stanford University as special stu- dent from 1S93 to 1897. Admitted to fhe bar of California, August 2.5, 1897. Practiced in Salinas from 1,S97 to 1908. Associat"d with W. M. Pence first two years, thereafter asso- ciated with J. K. Alexander till .lanuary, 1903. Entered into ])artnership with C. Martin and W. Cr. Hudson in Monterey in February, 1908, under the firm name of Treat, Hudson & Martin, which continues to date. District At- torney for ilonterey County from 1903 to 1907. Republican. DUMMER KIAH TRASK. Residence. 1027 South Bo nnie Brae Street; office, 737 Consol- idated Realty B u i 1 d i ng, Los Angeles. Born in Cincinnati, Ohio, July 17, 1860. Son of Kiah Bailey and Mary .T a u e (Dunton) Trask. Moved to California in May, 1882. Married J u n e, 1887, to Ida C. Folsom, formerly of Jef- f e r s n, Maine. Received his early education in the common schools of .Jefferson and Alna, Maine; Nich- ols' Latin School, Lewiston, Maine, and Waterville Classical Institute, Waterville, Maine, from which he graduated iu 1881. Taught school several years in public schools of ;Maine and California, and was for some time principal of Stockton Business College and Normal Institute. Admitted to the bar of the state of California August 4, 1890. Commenced the practice of law in Los An- geles in October of that year. Appointed to the office of Superior Judge of Los Angeles County December, 1898, which office he filled, by subsequent election, until January, 1907. Senior member of the firm of Trask, Norton & Brown to the present time. Member of the County Board of Education of San .Joa- quin County, 1886-87, City Board of Educa- tion of Lo-s Angeles, 1893-94, Police Commis- sion of Los Angeles, 1909. Member of the University Club. Past Grand Chancellor (California) Knights of Pythias. Democrat. , EDWARD F. TREADWELL. Residence, 2901 P.rod(Mi(k Street; office, 1323 Merchants Exchange Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in Woodland, Yolo County, Cali- fornia, May 19, 1875. Son of William Brew- BIOGEAPHIC A L 533 ster and Adelaide Augusta (Kirk) Treadwell. Married March 30, 1900, to Eulila May Ayres. Graduated from the Hastings Law College, with the degree of LL. B., in 1897. Admitted to the bar in California, May 16th of that year; Xevada, 190S, and Oregon, 1910; also to the District Courts of California, Nevada and Oregon, the United States Circuit Court of Appeals of the eighth and ninth circuits, and to the United States Supreme Court. Associ- ated with the firm of Mastick, Van Fleet & Mastick from 1897 to 1907, when he became general counsel for Miller & Lux, Incorporated, which continues to date. Member of the Assembly of 1901-.5, and special session of 1906. Employed by Code Commission to assist in Code Revision, 1899-1901. Member of State Commission on Taxation, 190.5-9. Chair- man of Board of Trustees of Burlingame, Cal- ifornia, 1908-11. Chairman of Greater San Francisco Association, 1911. Member of Phi Delta Phi fraternity. Masonic bodies, and Union League, San Francisco Golf and Coun- try, and Commonwealth clubs. RICHARD BRYAN TREAT. Residence, 1114 Sutter Street; office, 1003 Crocker Building, San Francisco. Born Oc- tober 31, 1835, in Tallmadge, Ohio. Son of Richard Bryan and Amoret (Hutchins) Treat. Moved to California in November, 1876. Married Isabel Davis, June 24, 1882. At- tended the public schools of Ohio, and at Warren, Litchfield County, Connecticut, and Harvard Law School, graduating therefrom in 1859. Admitted to practice in all courts at Dedham, Massachusetts, in 1859; to all courts of Ohio in I860; United States Circuit Court, at Cleveland, Ohio, in 1862; New York Supreme Court in 1867; California Supreme Court in 1876; United States Courts, at Los Angeles, in 1887, and to all courts of Illinois in 1892. Practiced law at Modesto from 1877 to 1882; San Luis Obispo from 1882 to 1888; Los Angeles from 1888 to 1898, except an absence in New York city and Chicago about four years from 1889 to 1893. Moved to San Francisco in 1898, where he continues in the practice of his profession to date. EUGENE EDGAR TREFETHEN. Residence, 291 Jayne Avenue; office, 612 Oakland Bank of Savings Building, Oakland. Born in Oakland, January 11, 1875. Son of Eugene A. and Ada Stella (Van Syckle) Tre- fethen. Married August 31, 1905, to Georgia Van Voorhees Carroll. Reeceived his earlv education in the grammar and high schools of Oakland, and later attended the Ui'iversi<-y of California, graduating in 1899 with the degree of Ph. B. Studied law in the office of Chap- man & Clift until September 11, 1901, upon which date he was admitted to the bar of this state. Associated with the above firm vmtil 1902, when it was dissolved and he remained in association with M. C. Chapman until June 1, 1910, when he entered into partnership with M. C. Chapman, under the firm name of Chap- man & Trefethen, which continues to date. Member of Nile Club and of the Royal Ar- canum fraternity. Republican. CHARLES HENRY TRIBIT, JR. Residence, 3923 Elmwood Avenue; office, 526 Merchants Trust Building, Los Angeles. Born in Darby, Delaware County, Pennsyl- vania, November 18, 1882. Son of Charles Henry and Mary (Coltou) Tribit. Moved to 534 B I G R A I' JI 1 C A L California in May, 190S. Married September 3, 1911. to Minnie Mona Myers. Eduoatod in the public schools of Wilmington, Delaware, fol- lowing with course in the University of South- ern California, Law School, graduating in 1912 with degree of LL. B. Admitted to practice before the California Supreme Court and Dis- trict Court of Appeal and the United States Circuit and District Court for the Southern District of California at Los Angeles, January, 1911. From 1896 to 1906 with H. L. Evans & Co., bankers and brokers, Wilmington, Dela- ware. Since January, 1911, Deputy City At- torney of the city of Los Angeles. Member of Delta Chi fraternity. Republican. OSCAR A. TRIPPET. Kesideiu-e. 94:5 South Hoover Aveiuie; office. Coulter Building, Los Angeles. Born in Princeton. Indiana. March 6, 1856. Son of Caleb and Mary M. (Feutriss) Trippet. Moved to this state in 1887. Married No- vember 6, 1902, to Cora Larimorc. Received his education at the common schools, State Normal of Indiana, and the University of Virginia. Admitted to the bar of the state of Indiana in 1879, where he commenced the practice of law and remained there until July, 1887, when he moved to San Diego, where he practiced until 1901, at which time he moved to Los Angeles. Member of the firm of Trip- pet, Chapman & Biby. President of the Los Angeles Bar Association, 1911. Member of the Masonic order, and California and Uni- versity clubs. D(Mnncr:it. JAMES MORRIS TROUTT. Residence, 3300 Clay Street; office. City Hall, San Francisco. Born in Roxbury, Mas- sachusetts, December 20, 1847. Son of Hiram J. M. and Cordelia (Sherman) Troutt. Moved to California in 1853. Attended the jiublic schools of San Francisco and tiie city college, and later Harvard College, graduating with the degree of A.B. Admitted to the bar of California in August, 1874. Formed part- nership in 1877 with Ramon E. Wilson, under the firm name of Troutt & Wilson, which con- tinued until 1879. In 1881 became partner with Judge Jas. C. Cary, under the firm nam.' of Cary & Troutt, which continued for sev- eral years. First Assistant District Attorney in San Francisco, 1885-86. Elected Superior .Tudge in 1890 for the unexpired term of Judge Thomas K. Wilson, and re-elected for each successive term, holding that office to date. Member of the ilasonic, I. O. O. F. and A. O. U. W. fraternities. Harvard Club of San Francisco, and Cosmos Club, and San Fran- cisco and State Bar Associations. Reimblican. J. Z. TUCKER. Residence, 3576 Second Street; office, 920 5th Street, San Diego. Born in Wash- ington, D. C, August 19, 1867. Son of Charles C. and Mary A. (CowJes) Tucker. Married October 2, 1890, to Emma B. Frevcrt. Educated in the public schools of Washing- ton, 1). C, the Columbian University of th^t state, and by private teachers. Clerk in the office of the^ Secretary of the United States Senate, 1883-85. Moved to California in November, 1887. Read law in the offices of Conklin & Hughes. Admitted to the bar of California, April 4, 1892, engaging in a gen- eral practice of law to the present time. Member of the B. P. O. E. fraternity. Dem- ocrat. BIOGRAPHICAL 535 WALTER KIMPLE TULLER. Residence, Los Angeles; office, Title Insurance and Trust Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born in luka, Kan- sas, October, 1886. Son of L. B. and Lula (K i m pi e ) T u 1 1 e r. Married to Edna May Shep- pard, October 10, 1 9 8. Moved to California in 1899 and received his education in Po- mona High School, Pomona, Califor- nia, and Univer- sity of California, graduating with degree of B/l., in 1908. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in San Francisco, April, 1908, and later to United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the ac- tive practice of his profession in San Fran- cisco, continuing until February, 1910, when he removed to Los Angeles and shortly after- ward became associated with the firm of O'Melveny, Stevens «& Milliken, which associa- tion continues to date. Member of Los An- geles Bar Association and Phi Delta Phi. Republican. EDWARD WILLIAM TUTTLE. Residence, Hotel Balboa; office, 921 Higgins Building, Los Angeles. Born July 21, 1877, in Safford, Arizona. Son of Edward D. and Marietta L. (Robinson) Tuttle. Moved to Califor- nia in 1886. Mar- ried November 20, 1906, to Therese E. Straus. At- tended the San Jose High School from 1892 to 1895; Leland Stan- ford Jr. Univer- sity, 1896-97, and 1899-1900; University of Michigan, 1900-03, when he received the de- gree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Michigan in 1903, and California, at Los An- geles, in 1903. Formed partnership with Geo. E. Cryer, under the firm name of Cryer & Tut- tle, which continued until 1911, when he formed partnership with Job Harriman and J. H. Ryckman, under the name of Harriman, Rvckman & Tuttle. Author of numerous articles on various subjects in "Encyclopedia of Evidence" and "Standard Encyclopedia of Procedure." Lecturer on "Admiralty" and "Conflict of Laws" in the College of Law of University of Southern California. Socialist Candidate for City Attorney of Los Angeles 1911. Member of Elks and W. 0. W. fraterni- ties. Socialist. CHARLES ALBION TUTTLE. Residence, Auburn; office. Courthouse, Au- burn. Born in Oakland, October 26, 1878. Son of F. P. and Susan (Davis) Tuttle. Married October 17, 1905, to Edith Starr Glover. Educated in the grammar and high schools of Oakland and studied law in the office of his father. Admitted to the bar cf California in September, 1900, and com- menced the practice of his profession in asso- ciation with his father, which continued until November, 1906, when he was elected District Attorney of Placer County, which office he holds to date, having been re-elected in No- vember, 1910. Member of the Sutter Club of Sacramento and of the N. S. G. W., Masonic and B. P. O. E. fraternities. Republican. FRED PIERSON TUTTLE. Residence and office. Auburn. Born in Au- burn, California, September 28, 1857. Son of Charles Albion and Maria L. (Batchelder) Tuttle. Married Susan Hays Davis, December 19, 1877, and Cecilia Burk, February 23, 1899. Attended Yale College from 1875 to 1877, and Hastings College of Law, graduating there- from in June, 1881, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted by the Supreme Court of California at San Fi-ancisco, July 25, 1881. Practiced alone in Oakland from 1881 to 1883, when he 536 BIOGEAPniCAL moved to Auburn. There he formed partner- ship with his father, under the firm name of Tuttle & Tuttle, which continued until ISSS. Since 1906 in partnership with his son, Kaglan Tuttle. under the firm name of Tuttle & Tuttle. Captain of Company "D," Second In- fantry-, N. G. C, from 1890 to 1894. District Attorney of Placer County from 1887 to 1892. Member of the Tahoe Club and B. P. O. E., I. O. O. F., I. O. R. M., and X. S. G. W. fra- ternities. Delegate to National Republican Convention at Chicago which nominated Roosevelt. Republican. HIRAM D. TUTTLE. Residence, 463 South 2d Street; office, 317 Bank of San Jose Building, San Jose. Born in Iowa, October 5, 18.56. Son of Owen and Mary Ellen (Burns) Tuttle. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1873. Married June 29, 1881, to Lois F. Hiestand (deceased) ; June 9, 1906, to Annie Mulcahy. Graduated from the Watson- ville High School and Pacific Commercial Col- lege; also Hastings College of Law in May, 1881, with degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of California on July 25, 1881. Com- menced the practice of his profession in Salinas City in 1883. District Attorney of Monterey County from 1886 to 1889, when he moved to San Jose, where he continues in the practice of his profession to date. Appointed Judge of the Superior Court and served un- expired term in 1903 and 1904. Was in co- partnership with H. V. Morehouse from 1890 to 189.5, and with Joseph R. Patten from 1897 to 1902. Trustee of the State Normal School of San Jose. Republican. RAGLAN TUTTLE. Residence and othce, Auburn. Born in Oak- laud, California, December 13, 1881. Son of F. P. and Susan (Davis) Tuttle. Married .January 4, 1909, to Calla Claire Pedlar. Graduated from the University of California, with the degree of B. L., in 1905, and from Hastings College of Law in 1907. Admitted to the bar of California by the Appellat3 Court, Third District of California, June 4, 1906. Associated with the firm of Chickering & Gregory in San Francisco, and later prac- ticed in Auburn, California, forming part- nership with his father, F. P. Tuttle, under the firm name of Tuttle & Tuttle. Member of the Phi Delta Phi fraternity. Republican. WILLIS OLIVER TYLER. Residence, 8 3 1 San Pedro Street; ffi. c e , 325-326 Germain Building, Los Angeles. Born July 19, 1880, in Bloomington, Indi ana. Son of I. and Marv Jane (McCaw) Tyler. Moved to Califor- nia in .January. 1911. Graduated from the Univer- sity of Indiana in 1902, receiving the degree of A. B., and from the Har- vard Law School in 1908 with the degree of LL. B. .\y the pcoiilc Was joint author of Initiative, Kefcrendum and Recall Charter provisions. Organized Direct Legis- lation League of California. Has been its secretary since organization, and managed the state cam])aign of Y.)\\ for these consti- tutional amendmcMits. Republican. HAKRY SMITH UTLEY. Residence, 8.")4.") '2d Street; oHice, Court- liouse, San Diego. Born in Northampton, England, 18fi2. Son of William and Charlotte (Wickens) L'tley. Moved to California in 1886. Educated in the Northampton Gram- mar School and Cleveland College, Northamp- ton, England. Admitted to the bar of the Superior Court of California in 1889; Supreme Court of California, 189:?, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Assistant District At- torney of San Diego from 1895 to 1899. A|)pointed District Attorney of San Diego in 1909. Elected to that ofHce in 1911, which he holds to date. Member of San Diego County Har Association; Cu.vamaca Club and K. P. Republican. LEWIS J. UTT. Residence, 3558 6th Street; office, 41-1 Union Building, San Diego. Born November 3, 1878, in San Diego. Son of E. H. and Sarah M. (Gunn) Utt. Married December 12, 1908, to Florence J. Griffiths. Educated in the pub- lic schools of San Bernardino County. At- tended Stanford University. Studied law in the offices of Stearns & Sweet, San Diego. Admitted to the bar of California in 1907. Engaged in the general practice of law in San Diego to date. Assistant District At- torney of San Diego County for three years. Member of B. P. O. E., K. of P., Sons of Veterans, San Diego Chamber of Commerce. Civic Association and San Diego Bar Associa- tion. Republican. JOHN F. UTTER. Residence, San Francisco office, 1123 Hearst Building, San Francisco. Born near Indian- apolis, Indiana. Son of Abraham and Let- tus (Swank) Utter. Received his early edu- cation in the public schools of Ukiah and Little Lake, Mendocino County, and later at- tended the State Normal School at San Jose, graduating therefrom in 1883. Admitted fo the bar of California, in San Francisco, De- cember 24, 1895, and began the practice of law immediately after his admission. Super- intendent of the Schools of San Mateo County from 1887 to 1895. Republican. LOUIS H. VALENTINE, Residence, 916 S o nth Alvarado Street; office, Wil- cox Building, Los Angeles. Born November 13, 1859, in Coloma, El Dorado County, California. Son of William IT. and Laura J. (Croin well) Valentine. Married to Eliza beth Pearson. Kd u c a t ion re- ceived in the ])ub lie and high scdiools of Peta- luma, and later in BIOG RiiPUIC A L 539 the University of California, Law Depart- ment, from which he graduated in 1887, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to practice at the bar of California, in San Francisco, in 1887, and later to United States Supreme Court and all other federal courts, and all California state courts. Commenced the active practice of his profession m Los An- geles immediately upon admission, and has continued to practice here ever since. Mem- ber of the firm of Valentine & Newby since 1901. Assemblyman to State Legislaturi^, 1897-99, and served in Special Session, 1900. Appointed United States District Attorney for Southern District of California, Septem- ber, 1901, serving until January, 1906. Mem- ber of the Masonic, N. S. G. W., and I. O. 0. F. fraternities, and Union League, Federa- tion, and City clubs of Los Angeles. Eepub- lican. ALEXANDER HAMILTON VAN COTT. Eesidence, South Pasadena; office, 411 Kerckhoff Buildliig, Los Angeles. Born June 12, 1861, in Xew York City. Son of Joshua M. and Jane S. (Bvirch) Van Cott. Married September 21, 1891, to Grace V. Witbeck. Educated in the Polytechnic Institute, Brook- lyn, New York, Graduated from Columbia College, Law School, in 1880, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of IMew York in 1881, and California in 1900. Re- publican. HENRY S. VAN DYKE. Eesidence, 234 West Adams Street; office, Title Insurance Building, Los Angeles. Born in Oakland, in 1871. Son of Walter and Eowena (Cooper) Van Dyke. Married to Katherine Moulton in 1912. Attended the Los Angeles High School and graduated in 1889. Graduated from the University of California in 1893 with the degree of A. B. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California in 1894. Eepublican. WILLIAM MARTIN VAN DYKE. Eesidence, 222 West Adams Street; office, 40.5 Federal Building, Los Angeles. Born February 14, 18.58, in Areata, Humboldt County. Son of Walter and Eowena (Cooper) Van Dyke. Married April 9, 1889, to Annie Cora Taylor. Eeceived education in Miss Cleveland's private school, and in the Mission Grammar School, of San Francisco, until 1868. Attended Lafayette Grammar School and Oakland High School, Oakland. Gradu- ated from University of California, June 5, 1878, with the degree of A. B.; Hastings Col- lege of Law, May 30, 1881, with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia Se^Jtember 14, 1881. In December 1886, he was appointed Clerk of United States Circuit Court, Southern District of California. Served in that position until January 1, 1912. Ap- pointed Clerk of the United States District Court, Southern California, January 1, 1912. United States Commissioner since January 10, 1887. WILLIAM VAN FLEET. Eesidence, 202U Pacific Avenue; office, Post- office Building, San Francisco. Born in Ohio, March 24, 1852. Married April, 1877, to Isa- belle Carey, February, 1878 (^deeeased) ; Janu- ary, 1887, to Elizabeth Crocker. Eeceived his early education in the jniblic schools of Mon- clova and Toledo, Ohio, and in private schools. Studied law in the office of Judge H. O. Beatty, in Sacramento. Admitted to the bar of California, by the Supreme Court, April 15, 1873. Assistant District Attorney for Sacra- mento County, 1878-79. In partnership with late Judge Blanchard and later with Hon. Presley Dunlap, for a period. Member of As- sembly at 24th Session in 1881. State Prison Director, 1883-84. Elected Judge Superior Court of Sacramento in 1884, and re-elected in 1890, resigning in 1892, when he removed to San Francisco. Appointed by Governor Mark- ham, on April 25, 1894, as Justice of the Su- preme Court in place of Judge Paterson, who resigned, and was elected to fill unexpired term the following November, serving until 1899. Eesumed the active practice of his profession in partnership with E. B. and George H. Mas- tick, which continued until becoming United States District Judge. In August, 1S99, ap- pointed member of Commission for Eevision and Eeform of Law and served thereon until 540 BIOGEAPIIICAL July, 1903. Appointed Uuiteil States District Judge, April, 1907. Life ineniber of Board of Trustees of Hastings College of La\y. Re- publican. THOMAS CASEY VAN NESS, JR. Residence. Bohemian Club; office, 607 Kohl Building, San Francisco. Born in 1876 in San Francisco. Son of Lomas C. and Clara (Williams) Van Xess. Received his education in the Urban School and later at- tended the I'niversity of California, gradu- ating in 1S98 with the degree of Ph. B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, at San Francisco, in 1901. ALLEN D. VAN NOSTRAN. Residence, 107G West 6th Street; office, 327 Brad- bury Building, Los An g e 1 e s. Born May 21, 1876, m Schujier, Nebras- ka. Son of James W. and Emma E. (Pimperton) Van X o s t r an. Edu- cated in the pub- lic schools of Ne- braska and gradu- ated from Color- ado College in 1903 with the de- gree of S. B. At- tended the Den- ver University Law School in 19t36 and graduated with the degree of LL. B. Member of the Phi Delta Phi fraternity, Brewer Chapter. Admitted to the bar of Colorado in September. 1906, and commenced the practice of his profession in Denver, mo .•- ing to Rhyolite, Nevada, a few months later and formed partnership with J. V. Shaw, practicing uner the firm name of Shaw it Van Nostran. having been admitted to the V)ar of Nevada immediately upon his ar- rival. Admitted to bar of California in 1907 and to federal courts in this state in 1911. Continued in the practice of his profession lu Nevada until November, 1909, when 'jo moved to Los Angeles and formed a ])artner- ship with H. C. Dillon, which continued until June, 1910, since which date he has practiced alone, specializing in mining law. Lecturer in the Law Department of the Los An- geles Business College. Member of the Met- ropolitan r'hib. Republican. JOHN JAMES VAN NOSTRAND. Residence, 2964 Steiner Street; office, City Hall, San Francisco. Born March 21, 1874, in San Francisco, California. Son of Daniel Comstock and Annie (James) Van Nostrand. Married February 3, 1904, to Madaline Leahy. Educated in the public and high schools of San Francisco, and in Hastings College of [^aw, graduating from the latter institution in 1896, with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the liar of California in 1896, and commenced the practice of his profession in association with Judge Walter H. Levy, and later with the firm of Rothschild & Ach. Upon the dis- solution of that firm, he was associated with Henry Ach. Elected Justice of the Peace in 1902, and re-elected in 1906. During his in- cumbency was elected to the superior bench for the City and County of San Francisco, which office he holds to date. Member of the Corinthian and Olympic clubs, and B. P. O. E., N. S. G. W', Woodmen of the World, Foresters, Moose and Eagles fra- ternities. Republican. EDWARD B. VAN STEINBURG. Residence, 926 East 21st Street, office, 504 Stimson Building, Los An- geles. Born De- cember 10, 1885, in Vermont. Son of Thomas and Rachel (Kramer) Van Steinburg. Received his edu- cation in Ontario, Canada, and moved to Cali- fornia in January, 1907, studying law in the offices of Hahn & Hahn and J h n H. Fdlov, of Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar BIOGRAPHICAL 541 of California, at Los Angeles, January 7, 1912, and continues in the active practice of his profession associated in the office of John H. Foley. Republican, EDWARD VAN VRANKEN. Kesidenee, 113 East Acacia Street; office, Dis- t r i c t Attorney's office, Stockton. Born in Marys- V i 1 1 e, Yuba C u nty, Califor- nia, July 11, 1876. Son of E. and Maggie (Schmidt- ler) Van Vranken. First attended the Brothers" Schools in Oakland, and later was a pupil of the public grammar schools of this state, graduating from Washington Grammar School, near Clements, in June, 1894. From 189-1 to 1895 was a student at the San Joa- quin Business College. Studied law in the office of Hon. Frank H. Smith, of Stockton. Admitted to practice in this state, January 15, 190(3, by the District Court of Appeal. Commenced active practice of his profession, January, 3907, in partnership with O. B. Parkinson, which continued for one year. Practiced alone until April, 1909, when he entered partnership with John E. Budd, which continued until January, 1911, when he was appointed Deputy District Attorney of San Joaquin County, which position he holds to date. On March 22, 1909, w?;s appointed Prosecuting Attorney of the city of Stockton, completing the term of M. J. Henry, who re- signed. Secretary of the Eepublican County Central Committee to date, having been ap- pointed in 1908 and again in 1910. Republi- can. CLARENCE L. VARIEL. Residence, 1503 Wilton Place; office, 568 I. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born March 5, 1884, in Quincy, Plumas County, California. Son of Robert Henry Fauntleroy and Caroline (Vogel) Variel. Married Sep- tember 22, 1910, to Reba Smith. Educated in the grammar and high schools of Los Angeles, graduating from the latter in February, 1903. In 1903-4 attended Pomona College. Entered L^iversity of California in August, 1904, graduating therefrom in May, 1908, with de- gree of B. S. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in Los Angeles, August 24, 1010. Practices law in Los Angeles to date. Republican. ROBERT HENRY FAUNTLEROY VARIEL, JR. Residence, 2230 Michigan Avenue; office, 567-568 I. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born May 28, 1882, in Quincy, Plumas County, California. Son of R. H. F. and Caro- line (Vogel) Variel. Married to Greta D. Augustine, November 28, 1910. Early educa- tion received in the public schools of Los An- geles. Attended the University of California in Berkeley from 1902 to 1906*! Admitted to the bar of California, July 23, 1909. Member of Los Angeles Bar Association, Masonic and Phi Delta Theta fraternities. Independent. WILLIAM JAMES VARIEL. Residence, 123G Arapahoe Street; office, 1006 Wright & Callender Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born in Camp- tonville, Yuba County, C a 1 i- fornia, June 2, 186 1. Son of Joshua Hutchins and Mary Alexan- d e r (Casey) Variel. Married June 2, 1904, to Anita Page Kel- ley. Attended pub- lic schools at Camptonville and Quincy, California. Taught school about three years at Nelson Point and at Diamond Springs school districts. Entered University of California, August, 1883, College of Chem- istry, and received degree of Bachelor of Science in 1888. Taught school until April, 1901, studying law in his spare time, and ad- mitted in that month to the Superior Court of Plumas County, California, Supreme Court of California, May 4, 1891, and to the Supreme Court of the United States, November 3, 1902. Commenced the practice of law in Los Ange- les in 1891, alone, to 1893, when he formed partnership with W. H. Davis, under the firm name of Variel & Davis, which continued until 1894. From 1894 to 1903 was associated with E. H. F. Variel, when he formed partner- ship with H. M. Barstow under the firm name of Barstow & Variel until 1905. In 1906 he formed partnership with J. V. Hannon, under the firm name of Variel & Hannon, to 1907, since which time he has practiced his profes- sion alone. Member of the N. S. G. W. and Masonic order. Eepublican. ARTHUR L. VEITCH. Residence, 1506 West 46th Street; office, District Attorney's office, Hall of Record^?, Los Angeles. Born in Mayville, Michigan, 542 B I OGR APH IC A L July 5. 1S84. Sou of Arthur and Martha C. "(Choate) Veiteh. Moved to California I'.i 190U. Married July 5, 19ti9. to Gertrude Mesplou. Educated in the public schools of Mavville, Miihiyan. and Los Angeles High School. Graduated from the University of Southern California College of Law, in 1907 with the degree of LL. B., and in 190S the tlegree of LL. M. was conferreil. Admitted to the bar of California July 1, 1907, and to the United States Circuit and District Courts for the Southern District of Califor- nia the same year. Appointed Deputy Dis- trict Attorney for Los Angeles County May 1. 19(;9. continuing in such position to date. Member of Metropolitan Club. Republican- SAMUEL E. VERMILYEA. Residence, 689 Park View Avenue; oflBco, 900-902 Union Trust Building, Los Angeles. Born in New York, May 2S, 18.58. Son of Avery and Frances (Meade) Yermil- vea. Married to Minerva A. Doyle, March 2.5, 1890. Moved to California in 1897. At- tended the Academy of Rochester, Minne- sota, and the Law Department of the North- western University of Chicago, Illinois. :n 1889, from which he received the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Chicago, Illinois, June 12, 1889; Nevada, 19t30; Cali- fornia, 1897; United States Circuit and Dis- trict Courts of Nevada and Southern District of California. Practiced law in Chicago until August, 1896. Moved to California aufl opened an office in Bishop in 1S97. In 1902 established a branch office in Tonopah, Ne- vada, under the firm name of Vermilyea & Bartlett and later in Goldfield. under the firm name of Vermilyea, Edmonds & Stan- ley. Moved to Los Angeles in 1906, and in 1909 commenced the practice of his profes- sion alone in that city. Member of the Ma- sonic order and Phi Delta Phi fraternity. Democrat. ALEXANDER THEODORE VOGELSANG. Residence, 22.39 Valle.jo Street; office, 20 Montgomery Street, San Francisco. Born July 19, 1861, in Petersburg, Calaveras County. California. Son of John Henry and Anna M. (Vennigerholz) Vogelsang. Married Janu- ary 11, 1899, to Frances Johnson. Attended the public schools of Calaveras and San Joaquin counties; Stockton Business College and Normal Institute, graduating from the latter as accountant and first grade public school teacher. Entered Hastings College cf Law in 1883, graduating therefrom in 1886 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California iu 1886; Supreme Court of the United States in 1889; United States Circuit and Ignited States District Court at San Francisco. Coiii- menced the i>ractice of law in 1891, in part- nership with I. I. Brown, under the firm name of Vogelsang & Brown, which continues to date. President of the Board of Fish Commissioners of California from 1896 to 1901. Supervisor of San Francisco from No- vember 7, 1911, to date. HENRY R. R. VON BLOEKER. Residence, 1:^.56 Sixth Street; office, 920 Fifth Street, San Diego. Born December l"*, 1887, in Chicago. Illinois. Son of Henry C. and Id:i Wilhelmina (Birl< holtz) Von Blocker. Attended various grammar schools in Chicago. Illinois. G ra d u ated from Ogden S c h o ol, .January. 1903, and from Robert A. Waller High School, Feb- ruary, 1907. Entered the Law Department of Valparaiso University, Vali>araiso, Indi- ana, in September, 1907, graduating in .Tune, 1909, with degree of LL.B. Admitted to practice in the state of Indiana, and to Porter Circuit Court, Porter County, Indiana, Su- preme Court, and L'nited States Circuit Court of Indiana, in .Tune, 1909. Admitted to prac- tice in all courts of California by the District Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, at Los Angeles, January 24. 1910. Admitted to the L'nited States Circuit Court, Ninth Judicial Circuit, and to the United States Dis- trict Court for the Southern District of Cali- fornia, January 24, 1910. Since admission he has maintaineart- nership with Albert A. Kidder, Jr., April 13, 1911, under the firm name of Kidder & War- ring, which firm continues to date. Republi- can. HARRY BOOTH WASHBURN. Residence, 14.5 GarfieM Place, Hollywood; office, 314 Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born in Waverly, Ohio, July 29, 1880. Son of John W. and Eliza V. (.Tohnson) Wash- burn. Moved to this state in 1905, and Sep- tember 1, 1910. married Ida M. Walz. Grad- uated from the Ann Arbor High School in 1899; University of Michigan, receiving the degree of A. B. in 1903, and the degree of LL.B. in 1905. Admitted to the bar at Lan- sing, Michigan, .June 21. 1905, and Los An- geles. California. October 9, 1905. WILLIAM HARRISON WASTE. Residence. 2222 Dunint Avenue. Berkeley; office. Courthouse, Oakland. Born in Chico, Butte County, California, October 31, 1868. Son of John Jackson and Mary Catherine (Mcintosh) Waste. Married Mary J. Ewing. Attended the public schools of Butte County from 1873 to 1882; Los Angeles public schools, 1SS2 to 1883; Los Angeles High School, from which he graduated in 1887; L'niversity of California, from which he received the degree of Ph. B. in 1891, and the degree of B. L. in 1S94 from Hastings College of Law. Ad- mitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California. June 14, 1894. Practiced law alone until appointed .Judge of the Superior Court by Governor Pardee in 1905. Member of the Assembly of California from 1903 to 1905. Re]>ublican. JESSE FRANCIS WATERMAN. Residence, 640 Manhattan Place; office, Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born in Wal- doboro. Maine, August 4, 1858. Son of Will- iam Thomas and Lucretia Creighton (Fuller) Waterman. Married Judith M. Colburn, No- vember 8, 1887. Moved to California in De- cember of that year. Received his early education at country district school at Waldo- boro, Maine, and Waldoboro High School, graduating in 1876. Graduated from Bowdin College with the degree of A. B., in 1885, and from the Boston University, Law School, with the degree of LL.B., in June, 1887. Admitted to the bar of Massachusetts August 2, 1887; California, 1889, rnd later to the L'nited States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Practiced law in Los Angeles to date. Democrat. VICTOR T. WATKINS. Residence, 238 South Cahuenga Boulevard; office, 326-331 Stimson Building, Los Angeles. Born in Clarksburg, West Virginia, July 11. 1881. Son of John B. and Anna T. (Wilson) Watkins. Moved to California in 1886. Married to Alma H. Greene. August 15, 1908. Attended grammar school in San Diego; also high school for one year in San Diego and Los Angeles High School, from which he graduated in 1900; University of Michi- gan, Law Department, fall of 1902; Chicago Law School. 1903-4; Northwestern University, Law School, 1904-5, and Stanford University, Law Department, 190.5-6. Admitted to the bar of California, at Los Angeles, in July. 1906. Practiced alone, having offices with Anderson & Anderson, in Los Angeles, until BIOGRAPHICAL 545 May, 1908, when be formed partnership with E. M. Blodget, under the firm name of Wat- kins & Blodget, which continues to date. Member Los Angeles Bar Association. Re- publican. JAMES ALVA WATT. Residence, 126 Devisadero Street; office, 201 Sansome Street, San Francisco. Born in Louisville, Clay County, Illinois, May 13, 1862. Son of James Alexander and Elizabeth J. (McCabe) Watt. Moved to California in 1876. Married to Jennie T. McCollam, June 13, 1888. Graduated from the Lincoln Gram- mar School in May, 1878. Attended the Boys' High School, and later Hastings Col- lege of Law for two years. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California at Sacramento, May 15, 1893. Lieutenant-Col- onel and Judge Advocate, Division Staff, N. G. C, 189.5-97. GEORGE E. WEAVER. Residence, 1264 Jackson Street; office, 659 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born March 5, 1877, in Eureka, California. Son of Peter S. and Laura H. (Averill) Weaver. Educated in the public schools of California and Ore- gon. Graduated from the Oregon Agricul- tural College in 1898, with the degree of B. S., and from Hastings Law College in 1901, re- ceiving the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California, at Sau Francisco, in May, 1901. Associated with Joseph C. Camp- bell since 1905. Republican. JOSEPH J. WEBB. Residence, 2752 Filbert Street; office, .519 California Street, San Francisco. Born De- cember 9, 1878, in Salinas, Monterey County, California. Son of William H. and Augustias (Abrego) Webb. Education received in the public schools of Salinas, Monterey County, and later in the Law School of the Young Men's Christian Association of San Francisco. Admitted to practice at the bar of Califor- nia, September 14, 1904. Read law in the offices of J. J. Tanner and F. J. Heney iintil April 17, 1906, since which he has practiced alone to date. Member of the San Francisco Bar Association. Democrat. ULYSSES S. WEBB. Residence, 1512 Masonic Avenue; office, Humboldt Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in Flemington, West Virginia, Septem- ber 29, 1864. Son of Cyrus and Eliza Webb. Moved to California in 1888. Mar- ried to Grace Goodwin. Moved to Kansas in 1870 and received his education in that state. Admitted to the bar of California, and engaged in the practice of bis pro- fession in Quincy, Plumas County, in 1889. Elected District Attorney of that county in 1890 and re-elected in 1892, 1896, and 1900. Resigned as District Attorney in September, 1902, and was appointed Attorney General by Governor Gage, September 15, 1902. Elected to that office in November, 1902, and re-elected in 1906, continuing to date. Mem- ber of the Union League and Southern clubs of San Francisco, Sutter Club of Sacramento, and Masonic and B. P. O. E. fraternities. FRANK RUMRILL WEHE. Residence, 2421 Carlton Street, Berkeley; office, 847 Monadnock Building, San Fran- cisco. Born January 16, 1855, in Downieville, California. Son of Ferdinand Peter and Eu- doxie Marie (Gris) Wehe. Married June 18, 54t) BIOGBAnilCAL 1SS2, to Helen M. Hill. Received his educa- tion in the public schools. Studied law with Hon. P. Van Clief of Downieville, California. Admitted to Supreme Court of the state in May, 1890. Elected District Attorney of Sierra County in November, 1902. Formed partnership with F. J. Solinsky. in San Fran- cisco, July, 1902. under the firm name of Solinsky & Wehe, which dissolved in 1910, since which date he has continued the jirac- tice of his profession alone. Member of Berkeley Commandery, Knights Templar, Ma- sonic order. Native Sons of the Golden West, San Francisco Bar Association and Claremont Countrv Club. Democrat. EDWARD FRANCIS WEHRLE. Residence, 21.3 North Union Avenue; office. 32(5-330 Stimson Block, Los Angeles. Born April 10, 1S6S, in Rome, Iowa. Son of John and Mary (Fehrenbaeh) Wehrle. Moved to California in 1S97. Attended the Iowa Wes- levan Universitv and the Universitv of Iowa. graduating in 1S91 from tiie latter institution and receiving the degree of Ph. B. Gradu- ated from the University of Michigan, with the degree of LL.B., in 1S97. Admitted to the bar at Michigan in 1S97; California, 1898, and to Circuit and District Courts of the United States. Has practiced his profession in Los Angeles alone to date. Member of the Bar Association of Los Angeles and for a period trustee. Member of its Grievance Committee and Chairman of its Committee on Admission for some time. General Manager of Pan-American Mining and Milling Com- pany. Minas Prietas, Sonora. Mexico, 1893-9.3. Member of the California. .Tonathan, Automo- bile, Rod and Reel and the Surf Gun clubs of Los Angeles and B. P. O. E. fraternity. Democrat. ADOLPH C. WEIL. Residence, 21s.5 Pacific Avenue; office, 3(53 Russ Building, San Francisco. Born in Peta- iuma, California, January 8, 1876. Son of Moritz and Mary (Poehlmann) Weil. Mar- ried November 29, 1905, to Florence Greene- baum. Received his education from San Francisco jmblic schools and later attending the Univeisity of California, graduating from there in 1897, with the degree of Ph. B. and from Hastings College of Law in 1899. receiv- ing the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar in California, May 19, 1899; United States Supreme Court, May 17, 1910. Repre- sented Oil Men's Association in Washington, 1910, and now principally engaged in repre- senting oil interests. Member of the Masonic fraternity and Commonwealth Club. Repjib- lican. J. R. WELCH. Residence, San Jose; office, courthouse, San .lose. Born in Hlinois, Febinary 2, 1860. Son of James R. and Frances A. (Haycroft) Welch. Moved to California in 1881. At- tended the University of the Pacific, grad- uating in 1887 with the degree of Ph. B. Ad- mitted to practice by the Supreme Court of the state of California in 1>n89. In January. 1894, elected City Attorney of the city of San Jose, and continued until 1897, when he resigned to enter upon private practice. Elected Judge of the Superior Court of Santa Clara County in 1904; re-elected in 191n f.ir a term of six years. Republican. BIOGB APHIC AL 547 JACOB WEINBEEGER. Kesideuee, S a u Diego; office, 41(J American Na- tional BanJi Build- i n g, San Diego. Born January 4, 1S82, in Austria, Hungary. Son of Herman and Net- t i e (F 1 a s t e r) Weinberger. Mar- ried Blanche Ruth Solomon, June 11. 19(17. Educated in the public and high schools of Denver, Colorado. Graduated from the University of Colorado in 19U4r, with degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar in Colorado in 1904; Ari- zona, 1906, and California, 1911. Practiced law in Denver, Colorado, 1904 to 1906, when he moved to Globe, Arizona, where for four years he was iu partnership with F. ,T. Elliott, under the firm name of Weinberger & Elliott. In May, 1911, he moved to San Diego, where he continues to date. Assistant District At- torney of Gila County, Arizona, 1907 to 1909. Member of Arizona Constitutional Conven- tion, 1910; also of Masonic order, Shriner, B. P. O. E. and F. 0. E. Democrat. LESTER D. WELCH. R e s i dence. La Mesa; office, 51(i Timken Building, San Diego. Born in 1880 in Trav- erse City, Michi- g a n. Son of Clarence and Rose (Morgan) Welch. Married February 22, 1908, to Minui',^ E. Harper. Edu- cated in the public schools of Miehi- g a n. Graduated from the Univer- sity of Michigan in 1906, with de- gree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar and California in in Traverse City, ber, 1910, when he where he continues of Michigan in 1906 1910. Practiced law Michigan, until Octo- moved to San Diego, to date. Has made a special study of irrigation law. City At- torney of La Mesa, California. Member of Masonic Order, B. P. O. E., K. of P. and San Diego Bar Association. Republican. CHARLES WELLBORN. Residence, 401 West 31st Street; office, o26 Stimson Building, Los Angeles. Born in At- lanta, Georgia, July 12, 1867. Son of .Judge Olin and Lilly (Turner) Wellborn. Moved to California in 1887. Married Leila Jones, January 17, 1893. Educated in Prof. Groves' School, Dallas, Texas; public schools of Wash- ington, D. C, and Columbian Universitv, Washington, D. C. Admitted to the bar of California in Los Angefes, October 8, 1888, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Prac- ticed in partnership under the following firm names: Wellborn, Works & Jones, in San Diego; Wellborn, Parker & Stephens, San Diego; Denis, Lowenthal & Wellborn, Los Angeles, and Wellborn & Wellborn, Los Angeles, which continues to date. Member of the Police Commission in Los Angeles, 1910-11. Member of the California, Uni- versity and City clubs. Democrat. OLIN WELLBORN. Residence, 1300 West Adams Street; office, Federal Building, Los Angeles. Born .Tune 18, 1843, in Gumming, Georgia. Son of Chap- ley Booth and Mary Ann (Foster) Wellborn. Married August 23, 1866, to Lilly Turner. Received his early education in the common schools of Georgia, later attending Emery College, Oxford, Georgia, and University of North Carolina. Admitted to the bar of Georgia in 1866 and California. Practiced law in Atlanta, Georgia, until 1869, when he moved to Dallas, Texas, and was a mem- ber of the firm of Wellborn, Leake & Henry. Moved to California in 1887. Practiced in San Diego until 1893, when he moved to Los Angeles, where he continues to date. Represented the state of Texas in Congress four successive terms. Appointed Judge of the United States District Court of Southern California March 1, 189.3, which office he holds to date. Served in the Civil War as Captain of 4th Georgia Cavalry. Member of California Club. Democrat. JOHN JAMES WELLS. Residence, 10-3.3 Main Street; office, 642 Main Street, Red Bluff. Born in Lemhi County, Idaho, September 10, 1867. Son of James B. and Elizabeth H. (Tollev) Wells. Moved to California in 1868. Married No- vember 27, 1895, to Lulu Law. Received his education in the common schools of Red Bluff. Admitted to the bar of California by the Superior Court, Tehama Countv, Au- gust 27, 1892; to the Supreme Court,' Ajiril 28, 1897, and to the United States District Court November 14, 1898. Associated in the office of General N. P. Chipman from Novem- ber 10, 1890, to April 1, 1897, at which time he succeeded to the business. Continues in 548 BIOGRAPHICAL the active practice of his profession to date. Member of the Board of Library Trustees, Red Bluff, 1904 to date. Democrat. CHARLES LOCKE WELLER. Residence, 2997 Pacilic Avenue; oflice, Hall of Justice, San Francisco. Born at Sacra- mento. June 27, 1858. Son of John B. and Elizabeth W. (Brocklebank) Weller. Mar- ried March 5, 1889, to Bettie M. McMulliu. Educated at the private schools of Washing- United States District and United States Cir- cuit Courts of Appeals. Served as member of the 29th session of state legislature. Ap- pointed City and County Attorney, in 1891 and served for the year. Appointed Prose- cuting Attorney in criminal courts of San Francisco in 1S99. President and principal owner of the California Trout Farm, located at Inverness Park. Republican. H. W. A. WESKE. ton, D. C, and private academies in Hanover, and King William counties, Virginia. Stud- ied law under John B. Minor, the University of Virginia, and finished reading law in the oflSce of John P. Hoge, of San Francisco. Admitted to bar of California in 1880; United States Circuit and District Courts, 1887; Su- preme Court of the United States, Washing- ton, D. C, 1886. Assistant City and County Attorney of San Francisco, 1883-87. Assist- ant United States Attorney, 1887-90. Assist- ant District Attorneys 1900-6. Appointed Judge of Police Court, 1906. Elected to this office in 1907 and re-elected in 1911, which office he continues to hold. Member of the Native Sons of the Colden West, Fraternal Order "f Eagles and Cosmos Club. Democrat. GEORGE A. WENTWORTH. Residence, 24 Octavia Street; office, Monad nock Building, San Francisco. Born Septem- ber 1, 1862, in Valle.io, California. Son of John and Maria D. (Cummings) Wentworth. Married December 18, 1890, to Frances L. Miller. Attended the high school in Vallejo, and afterward took a classical course of four years. Admitted by the Supreme Court at Sacramento, May 6, 1884, and later to the Residence, 1029 Fourth Street; office. Ex- change Bank Building, Santa Rosa. Born Ajiril 26, 1877, in Luueburg, Germany. Son of Julius T. A. and Marie Elizabeth (Meyer) Weske. Attended public school in Germany for two years, after which he moved to Cali- fornia ill October, 1885, completing his edu- cation ill this state. Attended Pacific Heights School, San Francisco, 1886-88; pub- lic schools in Santa Rosa, 1888-89; private schools and college in Santa Rosa, 1889-95. Admitted to the bar of California before Su- preme Court, in December, 1898. Appointed Deputy District Attorney of Sonoma County in 1899, serving four years in that office. In 1903, he formed the firm of Webber, Butts & Weske, Santa Rosa, continuing his practice under the firm name until its dissolution. Formed copartnership with T. J. Butts, under the firm name of Butts & Weske, wiiich con- tinued until 1905, w^hen he engaged in the ]>ractice of his profession alone, and continues to date. Deputy District Attorney of So- noma County, 1899-1902. Member of Assem- bly, 14th District, 37th Session, 1907. Chair- man of Committee on Constitutional Amend- ments. Appointed Secretary and Treasurer of the California Home for Care and Training BIOGRAPHICAL 549 of Feeble-Minded Children in 1909 (now Sonoma State Home), and continues to fill that position to date. Secretary of Eepubli- ean Central Committee of Sonoma County from 1901 to 1907. Eepiiblican. THOMAS CHRISTOPHER WEST. Eesideuce, 1201 Walnut Street, Alameda; office, Phelan Building, San Francisco. Born in Orangeville, Ontario, Canada, April 28, 1868. Son of John and Laetitia Margaret (McConnell) West. Moved to California in 1899. Married to Maud Stanley Mishaw, April 4, 1906. Attended public and private schools of Canada and Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland, from which he received the degree of B. A., in 1887. Admitted to the bar of On- tario and Northwest Territories, of Canada, in 1889, and to the bar of California in 1898; to the Supreme Court of the Philippine Is- lands in 1899, and to all federal courts in the Pacific Coast states and Alaska and A'^ukon Territory, Canada. Prior to coming to Cali- fornia he practiced at Calgary, Alberta, in partnership with J. Bruce Smith, K. C, and .Tames Muir, K. C, under the firm names of Smith & West, and Muir & West. In 1901 he entered into partnership with Fernand de .Tournel, in San Francisco, under the firm name of West & de .Tournel, which continues to date. In 1898-99, was Assistant Judge Advocate's Department, U. S. A., at San Fran- cisco, and in the Philippine Islands from 1899 to 1901. Member of the Masonic frater- nity. Republican. CARL WESTERFELD. Residence, 1840 Van Ness Avenue; office, 8-54 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, December 11, 1869. Son of Louis and Minna Westerfeld. Married Clara Bell Douglas, June 27, 1906. Attended South Cos- mopolitan Grammar School until 1883; St. Matthews Hall, San Mateo, California, 1883- 85; Heald's Business College, 188-5-86. Pre- pared for university with private tutor, 1SS7- 88. Entered Yale University (Sheffield Scien- tific School), 1888; Yale College, 1890, gradu- ating in 1893, with the degree of A. B. Entered Hastings College of Law in 1893, receiving the degree of LL.B. from Uiat institution in 1896. Admitted to the bar of California at San Francisco, May 21, 1896. Entered the office of Delmas & Shortridge in 1895 and remained until 1897. Associated with D. M. Delmas from 1897 until April 1906, since which date he has continued his practice alone. Member The Family and Corinthian A^acht Clubs. , i MYRON WE STOVER. / Residence, 146 North Rampart Boulevard; office, 526 Merchants Triist Building, Los An- geles. Born in Clyde, Kansas, January 18, 1871. Son of Lorenzo and Julia E. (Hewins) Westover. Married to Selah S. Wyckoff, December 15, 1897. Moved to California in 1905. Educated in the public schools. Graduated from the University of Michigan in 1895 with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of Michigan at Ann Arbor in .Tune, 1895; state and federal courts of Mis- souri, at St. Louis, in December, 1895; Cali- fornia courts, in November, 1905. Attorney for Union Trust Company, St. Louis, from 1897 to 1900. Practiced in St. Louis until August. 1905. when removed to Los Angeles. Appointed Deputy City Attorney of Los An- 550 BlOG U A r 11 IC AL geles in February, 1911, serving at present time. Formerly of firms of Petchner & West- over and Waterman, Westover & Green. Member of City and Federation clubs, Uni- vard Club of Southern California, Los Angeles Bar Association, Chamber of Commerce, and X. S. G. W. Republican. LOUIS LE ROY WHARTON. versity of Micliigau Ahiiiuii Association, and Delta Chi fraternity. Member of Faculty of University of Southern California, College of Law 19(16-10, lecturing on "Commercial Paper." Re]iub]ican. HARRY GUENTHER WEYSE. Residciu-e, Santa Monica ; oflSee, 704- 70o Grosse Building, Los An- geles. Born in Los Angeles, .Tuly 27, ]sm. Son of .Ju- lius Guenther and Caroline Anna So- phie ( L a n g e ) Weyso. Marricil Alice Wolfskin Barrows, October 2, ISSS, and to Ysabel Wolfskill, October 19, lOos. Kdncated in the public schools of Los Angeles, 18(i9- 7.3; German private scliool, Los Angeles, 187?.- 76; Gymnasium Kutheneum, at Gera, Reuss; Senior Line, Germany; Harvard Law School, graduating with the degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar, at Los Angeles, October 14, 1899, and later to the District Court of South- ern California, and has engaged in a general practice there alone to date. Member of the California Assembly, 189.5. Member of the California and I'niversitv clubs and the Har- Residence, 2159 West 29th Place; office, .513 O. T. Johnson Building, Los Angeles. Born December 24, 1874, in Mercer County, Illinois. Son of Samuel and Aurilla B. (Merryman) Wharton. Moved to California in 1903. Graduated from high school in Aledo, Illinois, in 1892; from Knox College in Galesburg, Illinois, in 1898, with degree of B. S. Read law from 1898 to 1901, at Gales- burg, Illinois, having worked his way through each stage of his education independently of any assistance. Admitted to the bar of Illi- nois in 1901 and to the bar of California in 1904; later to United States District and Cir- cuit Courts. In 1901 was ajtpointed by .Judge C. C. Kohlsaat, Referee in Bankrui>tcy for Knox, Warren and Henderson counties, Illi- nois, which office he held until 19(13. On his arrival in Los Angeles was associated for a period with Judge Geo. H. Hutton, since which time he has practiced his profession alone. Chancellor Commander of Helmet Lodge, Knights of Pythias. Member of I'^nion League Club, and one of the founders of the T'ity T'lnb. Rejiublican. LOUIS N. WHEALTON. Residence, Long Beacli; olfice, First National Bank, Jjong Beach, California. I^orn in Chincoteague, Virginia, October 23, 1872. Son of Joshua W. and Xancy C (Lewis) Whealton. Married March 23,' 1896, to M. Annieta Gardiner. Educated in the grammar and high schools of Chincoteague, and graduated from the Western ^faryland BIOGB AFHIG AL 551 College, Westminster, Maryland, with degree of A. B. in 1892, and A. M. in 1897. Gradu- ated from tlie Johns Hopkins University, with degree Ph. D., in 1897, and the same year from the University of Maryland, with degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Maryland in Baltimore in 1897; to the bar of the states of Virginia and Pennsylvania, the same year; to the bar of New York State (in New York City), in 1899, and moved to Cali- fornia in 1906, being admitted +o ihe bar of that state in Los Angeles in 191U. Practices law in Long Beach to date. Member of Ma- sonic Order. Director of Long Beach Cham- ber of Commerce. Democrat. Bishop & Wheeler, which tirm continued until 1898, the name later being changed to Bishop, Wheeler & Hoefler. The latter firm was dis- solved October 1, 1904. Practiced alone until January 1, 1912, wlien he entered into part- nership with John F. Bowie, which continues to date, under the firm name of Charles S. Wheeler & John F. Bowie. Member of Board of Regents, University of California, 1902-8, and reappointed by Governor Johnson in 1911. Member of Pacific Union, Bohemian, University, Union League, Olympic, Univer- sity of California, Faculty, Country, and Commonwealth clubs, and -of the San Fran- cisco Bar Association. KeituVjlican. CHARLES S. WHEELER. Eesidence, iioithoast corner Sjiruce and Washington Streets; office, Nevada Bank Building, San Francisco. Born December 11, 1863, in Fruitvale (now part of Oakland), Alameda County, California. Married De- cember 3, 1887, to Lillian Marsh. Received his primary education in the public schools of Vacaville, Healdsburg, San Francisco, and Oakland. Graduated from the University of California in 1884, with degree of B. L. From 1884 to 1886 .attended Hastings College of Law. Admitted to the bar of California, at Sacramento, May 4, 1886, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts, and to the United States Supreme Court. In 1886 associated with John H. Boalt, which con- tinued until 1889, when he became chief clerk in the firm of Garber, Boalt & Bishop. Be- came a partner in said firm January 1, 1892, which partnership continued until 1896, when he entered into partnership with Thomas B. Bishop, practicing under the firm name of HENRY ORSON WHEELER, JR. Residence, 7 1 I Garland Avenue; office, 516-518 F. P. Faj- Building, Los Angeles. Born in Burlington, Ver- m n t, February 13, 1882. Son of Henry Orson and Elizabeth ( Mar- tin) Wheeler. Moved to Califor- nia in ] 9 n (1. Graduated f r o m the Burlington High School, Uni- versity of V e r- m o n t, receiving the degree of A. B., in 1904, and from the New Y'ork Law School, in 1906, receiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar in the state of New I'ork, July, 1906, and the state of Cali- fornia, November, 1906. Associated with Long & Baker, attorneys, at Long Beach, California, until the fall of 1907, when he moved to Los Angeles and continued in prac- tice. In July 1, 1912, formed partnership with George T. Sweet, under the firm name of Wheeler and Sweet, which continues to date. In 1911 he was appointed member of the Los Angeles Municijjal Newspaper Commission. Member of the Military Order of the Loyal Legion and City and University clubs of Los Angeles. Republican. GEORGE HARDING WHIPPLE. Residence, Berkeley; office. Merchants' Ex- change Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, December 17, 1869. Son of Hugh L. and Helen B. (Gardiner) Whipple. At- tended the Belmont School, Belmont; Uni- versity of California, from 1893 to 1897, re- ceiving the degree of Ph. B., and Harvard Law School from 1897 to 1900, receiving the degree of LL.B. in the latter year. Ad- mitted to the bar of California, at San Fran- 552 BIOGRAPHICAL Cisco, in 1900. Member of the firm of Chick- ering & Gregory since 190-3. Member of the University Club. Reiuiblican. GEORGE E. WHITAKER. Residence and ottice, Hakerstield. For a number of years in partnership with Mr. Rearden and with Grove L. Johnson and Walter H. Linforth, under the firm name of Johnson, Linforth & Whitaker. Engaged in the general practice of law in Bakersfield to the present time. FRANK RANDOLPH WHITCOMB. Kesidence, fc^tanfurd Jlotol; otHce, Si:ii-822 Foxcroft Building, San Francisco. Born in Indian Hill, Sierra County, California, November 22, 1857. Son of J. Baker and Cynthia Annie Goodrich (Cutter) Whitcomb. Educated in the public schools of San Fran- cisco; South Cosmopolitan Grammar School in 1870; Boys' High School, 1874; University of California, 1878, receiving the degree of A. B. and Hastings College of Law, obtaining the degree of LL. B., in 1881. Admitted to the bar by the Supreme Court of California in 1881. Commenced the study of law in 187S in the office of Stewart, Van Clief & Herrin. After admission from 1881 to 1889, was asso- ciated with Patrick Reddy. From 1S89 to 1896 in partnership with Chas. L. Tilden, under the firm name of Tilden & Whitcomb, since which time he has practiced alone. President of the McAlpine Gold Mining and Milling Company. In 1892 was originator and charter member of the Young Men's Dem- ocratic League of California. Member of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity, Knights Temi)lar and Commonwealth Club of San Francisco. Democrat. GUY C. WHITE. Residence, 875 Harrison Avenue; office, 434-43.5 Mc- N e e c e Building, San Diego. Born in Xew Hampton, Iowa, August 21, 18 7 3. Son of Frank K. a n d 'M. a r y (Siiepard) White. Received his early educa- tion in the schools of his native state, graduating fro m Clermont High School in 1 S 9 1 . Attended Iowa Normal School, Orlwein. Iowa, 1892-93. In 1895 graduated from the Law Department of Lake Forest University. Admitted to the bar of Illinois in October, 1895, and to the United States District Coui-t of that state the same year. Moved to California in April, 1908. In September of the following year was ad- mitted to bar of California, and to the United States Circuit and District Courts in Decem- ber, 1900. Practices his profession in San Diego to date. Democrat. JAMES EVANS WHITE. Residence, 110 Edgewood Av- enue; office, 729- 7 3 1 Monadnock Building, San Francisco. Born November 8, 1870, in Grundy County, I o w a. Son of Robert and Rosa (Zeran) White. Moved to Califor- n i a in 18 9 6. Married Novem- ber 16, 1904, to Lela Allen. R e- ceived his early education in the Rockford G r a m- mar and High Scliool of Iowa, graduating in 1889. Entered Cornell College, Mt. Ver- non, Iowa, graduated in 1895 with the degree of A. B., and from the Hastings College of Law in 1902, receiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar at San Francisco in 1902, and continues the practice of his profession alone to date. Member of the University of California and Commonwealth clul)s and City and State Bar Association. Republican. BIOGRAPHICAL 553 CARLOS GREENLEAF WHITE. Eesidence, 441 65th Street; office, 957 Broadway, Oakland. Born in San Francisco, December 11, 1878. Son of Carlos and An- nie Ella (Brown) White. Married to Verna Edgren April 25, 1906. Attended grammar and high schools of Oakland. Graduated from the University of California in 1904 with the degree of B. L., and the degree of Juris Doctor in 1906. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court Decem- ber, 1904; United States Supreme Court, April, 1908. Commenced the practice of law in 1905. In September, 1907, appointed Spe- cial Assistant United States Attorney. In July, 1909, again took up private practice of law. Republican. JEROME BAKER WHITE. Residence, 1378 Filbert Street; office, 709 Nevada Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in San Francisco, August 11, 1883. Son of Harlow H. and Nellie S. (Brown) White. Married July 10, 1906, to Lucille O. Kaiser. Educated in the primary, grammar and high schools of California. Graduated from the University of California in 1904, with degree of B. A. Entered Hastings College of Law, graduating in 1906 with degree of LL. B. Ad- mitted to practice at the bar of California, May, 1906. In 1904 he became associated with the firm of Heller, Powers & Ehrman, with whom he continues the active practice of his profession to date. Republican. RICHARD WHITE. Residence, 940 Third Street; office, 202-203 Waterland Building, Chico. Born September 5, 1857, in Montgomery County, Maryland. Son of Thomas H. and Mary Ellen (Gott) White. Married December 30, 1891, to Flor- ence Earll. Educated in the public schools of his native state, and St. .John's College, Annap- olis, Maryland, graduating in 1877, and in 1S88 receiving the degree of A. M. Studied law in Rockville, Montgomery County, Mary- land, in 1878-79, and at University of Vir- ginia in 1879-80. Admitted to all courts of Maryland, before the Circuit Court, at Rock- ville, Maryland, June 9, 1880. Moved to Cali- fornia in May, 1881, and was admitted to bar of that state in the Supreme Court, August 20, 1884. Admitted to United States District Court for Northern District, September 13, 1905, at San Francisco, and United States Cir- cuit Court, Ninth Judicial Circuit, for North- ern District of California, .July 13, 1908, at San Francisco. Member of N. G. C. from 1883 to 1890, serving as First Lieutenant on staff of California Eighth Infantry Regiment, during the last three vears. Member of the Board of Education in " Butte County, 1883-91, being president of that body in 1886-91. Appointed Deputy County Clerk of Butte County in 1885. Served as Assistant District Attornev of same, 1893-95. City Clerk of Chico, 1895-1903. City Attorney of Chico, 1903-07. In 1907 was elected City Judge of Chico, which office he holds to date. Chairman of County Demo- cratic Committee eight years, from 1896 to 1908. Member of Southern Club of San Fran- cisco. Democrat. JESSE MEIGS WHITED. Residence, 30 Belvedere Street; office, 411- 412 Nevada Bank Building, San Francisco. Born in Carlin, Nevada, November 20, 1876. Son of Jerry H. and Sarah J. dveyes) Whited. Moved to tiie state in 1893. Married May 15, 554 BI 00 Ix A ril JC A L 19(1(5, to Mary E. Bliss. Atteiuled the Lelaiul Stanfoni Jr." University, 1893 to lSi)H, anr(ivement Club nf San Francisco. Kcpiiblii an. THOMAS P. WHITE. Residence, ;ib3 West 2Sth Street; ollice, 4(i7 Chamljer of Commerce Building, Los Angeles. Born in Los Angeles, California, September 27, 1S8S. Son of Peter and Catherine (Clark) Wliite. Craeluated from St. Vincent's High School, Los Angeles, in 1904. Atti-nded St. WILLIAM KENNEDY WHITE. Residence, Inol Pint. Street; ollice, 723 Crocdver Building, San Francisco. Born June bl, 1S7S, in Oakland, C;ilifovnia. Son of Benjamin Franklin and Frances (Ballard) White. Kducate- San Francisco. (!ra> the Inate >ublic I'roni ;ch(»(ils of tiie Uni- versity of California in 19iiii with the de- gree of B. S., and in 19U2 received the degree of LL.B. from Hastings College of Law. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1902, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Northern California; United States Supreme Court, October 19, 1910; also ad- mitted to practice before the United States Patent Office. Formed partnership with John II. Miller, nnder the firm name of Miller & White, which ((intiiines to date. Sjiecializes in i)atent, trademark and copyright law. Member of the N. S. (i. \V. fraternity; Bo- hemian, University, and Olympic clubs, San Francisco Bar Association and the Patent Law Association of "Washington. Reiuil)lican. Vincent's College one year, and the University of Southern California, from wliicli he gradu- ated in 1911, reeceiving the degree of LL. Ji. Admitted to the? bar l)y the District Court of Appeals, Second Appellate District, June 19, 1911, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Member of the firm of Randall, Bartlett & White to dat(>. Delegate to Republican <'onnty Coincntion, Los Angeles County, ISMii. Member of Delta Chi fraternity. Financial Secretary of Los Angeles (^onncil. Knights of Columbus, and State President of ^^lung Men's Institute. Republican. RANDOLPH V. WHITING. Resilience, KlOl Pine Street; ollice. Monad- nock Building, San Francisco. Born in t^uincy, Plumas County, California, Novem- ber 3(), 1S70. Son of Fenfon Berkeley and Martha Jane (Mastin) Whiting. Married Mary R. Wallace, May 29. 1! Received his early education in the puhlic schools of Plmnas Coiiiity, and I'.owcn's .Vcadciny, P,(>rkeliy. Later attended the University of California, and graduated from Hastings Col- lege of Law in 189.3, with the degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California by the Su- preme Court, May, 1S9.3. Commenced tiie BIOGBAFH IC AL 555 practice of his profession immediately upon his admission, and continues alone to date. Assistant District Attorney of San Francisco from 19(10 to 1906. Editor of "California Decisions" and "California Appellate Deci- sions." Member of the San Francisco Com- mercial Club and Masonic fraternity. Demo- crat. FREDERICK EUGENE WHITNEY. Residence, 2 5 Telegraph A v - e n u e ; office, 957 Broadway, O a k 1 a n d. Born i n Farmington, Maine, November 2(5, 1850. Son of (ieorge W. and Violet ( Haynes ) Whitney. Moved t California i n 1877. Married to Edith Adams in 1884. In 18 6 8 graduated from State Normal School, Farming- ton, Maine; 1869, AVaterville Classical Institute, Waterville, Maine; 1873, Bowdin College, Brunswick, Maine, receiving the degree of A. B., and, 1876, the degree of A. M., and in 1882 the St. Louis Law School, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, receiving the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of St. Louis, Missouri, in 1882, and to the bar of Califor- nia, at San Francisco, the same year. Aide- de-camp with rank of Major on staff of Major-General Commanding National Guard of California, by Commission from Governor Stoneman, in November, 1884. Court Com- missioner of Alameda County for fifteen years. Taught school for fifteen years in Boston, Massachusetts, and at the Govern- ment University, Tokio, Japan, from 1878 to 1881. Member of the Republican State Com- mittee, City Central Committee, of Oakland, and State Central Committee. Republican WELLES WHITMORE. Residence, Oakland; ottice. Security Bank Building, Oakland. Born August 24, 1849, in Michigan. Son of Ezra W. and Caroline A. (Sanford) Whitmore. Married August 8, 1883, to Bertha Nusbaumer. Attended the University of Michigan and graduated there- from in June, "1875, receiving the degree of B. A. Moved to California in 1877, locating in Oakland, and was admitted by the County and District Courts in 1878, being admitted by the Supreme Court of the state, August 22, 1882. Commenced the active practice of his profession in Oakland, and was appointed Deputy District Attorney of Alameda County in April, 1879, continuing in that office until January I, 1883. Thereupon entered into partnership with Judge E. M. Gibson, which continued until January 1, 1886, when .Tudge Gibson was elected to the bench. Practiced alone until January 1, 1894, when he re-entered into partnership with Judge Gibson, which association continued until 1896, when the partnership was dissolved, and since that time he has practiced alone. Author of "Index California Reports," pub- lished in July, 1881. Member of the Union League Club, Masonic fraternity, and Knight Templar. Rejiublicnn. GUSTAVUS W, WICKLIFFE. Residence, 16(l2 Fleming Street ; office, 132 North Broadway, Los Angeles. Born January 16, 1869, i n Chattanooga, Tennessee. Son of Jerry and ('arrie (Dawson) Wick- liffe. Moved t o California in March, 1894. Married July 3, 1901, to Minnie C Mitchell. Re- ceived his educa- tion in the Chat- tanooga p u b 1 i c schools. Graduating from the Gilmore Street High School, May, 1888; Spencerian Business College, Washington, D. C, June, 1890, and Howard Law School, Washington, D. C., June, 556 B I G L' A r II I C A L 1S93, with degree of LL. B. Admitted to tlie bar of Tennessee, October, lSVt3; to the United States District and Circuit Courts of Tennessee, and to the bar of California, at Los Angeles, April 12, 1894. Commenced the practice of his profession in Los Angeles in 1901, when he moved to San Francisco, where he practiced until 190S, when he returned to Los Angeles, where he continues to date. From June, 1901, to 1907, dockage clerk with the Board of Harbor Commissioners in San Fran- cisco. Member of District of Columbia National Guard: also of the Civil League. Masonic order 32°. and Forester fraternity. Eepulilican. CURTIS DWIGHT WILBUR. Residence, 822 South Alvarado Street; office. Courthouse, Los Angeles. Born in Boonesboro, Iowa, May 10, 1867. Son of Dwight Locke and Edna M. (Lyman) "Wil- bur. Moved to California in 1888. Married Ella T. Chilson November 9, 1893 (deceased) ; Olive Doolittle January 13, 1898. Educated in the i>ublic schools in Boonesboro, Iowa, 1874-83; High School in Jamestown, North Dakota, 1883-84; United States Naval Acad- emy, Annapolis, Maryland, graduating June, 1888. Studied law "at home, 1888-90, and after admission continued studies in the office of Brunson, Wilson & Lamme, Los Angeles. Admitted to the bar of California by the Su- preme Court at Los Angeles, October 13, 1890, and to the United States Circuit and District Courts for tlie Southern District of California shortly after. United States Naval Cadet, 1884-88; Chief Deputy District Attorney for Los Angeles County, 1899-1903. Elected Judge of the Superior Court in 1903. Re- elected in 1909 for six years, presiding in juvenile and probation courts his entire term; also handling civil, criminal and probate mat- ters. Co-operated in drafting the juvenile court law, the law establishing the California Reformatory for First Offenses, and laws con- cerning the rel)ating of taxes. Member of A. O. U. W., I. O. F., and University, Union League and Sunset clubs. Republican. H. E. WILCOX. Residence. !San .lose; office, Safe Deposit Block, San Jose. Born in Maine Prairie, So- lano County, California, June 12, 18(51. Son of Harvey and Harriet D. (Demmond) Wil- cox. Attended the public schools at Maine Prairie and Dixon. Entered Santa Clara Col- lege in 1S74, and graduated in 1880 with the degree of B. A. In 1881 took post-graduate course in Ethics in same college. Studied law in the office of McKisick & Rankin, in San Jose. Admitted to the bar of Califor- nia, in San Francisco. January, 1883. Dep- uty County Clerk of Santa Clara County from 1883 to 1890. Commenced the practice of law in 1890 and continued alone until 1897, when he formed partnership with D. M. Bur- nett, which continues to date. JARVIS RAYMOND WILDER. Residence, 1108 Garfield Avenue, South Pasadena; office, 436-437 H. AV. Hellman Build- ing, Los Angeles. Born December 17, 1874, in Vassar, Michigan. Son of Jefferson J. and Janette (W a t e r- man) Wilde r. Married .January 2 9, 1902, to Georgia W. Pat- terson. Moved to California, August, 1902. Educated in the public schools of Michigan. Studied law in tlie offices of J. D. Burns of Kalamazoo, Michigan. For two and one-half years secretary to Judge Henry F. Severens, of Michigan, .\dmitted to the bar of California April 7, 1904, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Commenced the jiractice of law in Los Angeles, where he con- tinues alone to date. Member of Masonic order. Uniform Rank of the Knights of Pythias and Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. JOSEPH WOODS WILEY. Residence, 317 1) Street; office. Brower Building, Bakersfield. Born in Boone lOGKAPHICAL 557 County, Indiana, July 19, 1860. Son of Hugh K. and Mary Blair (Woods) Wiley. Married to Maud Lane, May 31, 1888. Moved to Call fornia in 1891. Attended Indiana State Uni- versity, Bloomington, Indiana, graduating June 9, 1886, with the degree of A. B. Stud- ied law in Indiana. Admitted to the bar of Indiana in May, 1889; California, October, 1891. Practiced law in Bakersfield to date. Eepublican. CHAELES J. WILLETT. Residence, 3 5 2 Xorth Los Robles Avenue; office, 309-313 Slav in Building, P a s a - dena. Born in Es- sex, Essex County, Xew York, June .1, 1849. Son of • loseph T. and Cornelia A. (Whal- on) Willett. Married H a 1 1 i e Crossman, May 13, 18 7 4. Moved to California in June, 1893. Graduated f r ni the high school at Grand Rapids, Michigan, in 1867. Attended the University of Michigan, receiving the degree of A. B., "in 1871, and the degree of A. M. in 1874. Admitted to the Circuit and Supreme Courts of the bar of Michigan, at Ithaca, January 8, 1877; later to the United States Circuit and District Courts for the Eastern District of Michigan; Supreme Court of the United States, November 9, 1891; Supreme Court of California, October 16, 1893, and later to the Circuit and District Courts of the Southern District of California. City Treas- urer of St. Louis, Michigan, for one term. Mayor of St. Louis, Michigan, for one term. City Attorney of St. Louis, Michigan, for several terms. Prosecuting Attorney of Gra- tiot County, Michigan, one term. Trustee of St. Louis, Michigan, School District, ten years. Regent of the University of Michigan, eight years. City Attorney of Pasadena, four years. Member of the Board of Education of City of Pasadena, seven years. President of that board six years. Member of the American Academy of Politi- cal and Social Science, National Statistical Society, National Geographical Society, Southwestern Society of the American Arche- ological Association, and Sons of the Revolu- tion; also of the Phi Beta Kappa fraternity, National Municipal League, Masonic frater- nity, 33°, Knights Templar, Shriner, Los An- geles Bar Association, Pasadena Board of Trade, and Tournament of Roses Association. Trustee and Vice-president of Throop Poly- technic Institute. For ten 3'ears President of Pasadena Hospital Association. President of Western Masons' Mutual Life Association. Past Grand High Priest of R. A. M. of Cali- fornia. Past Grand Master R. & S. M. of California. Past Potentate of Al Malaikah Temple of Las Angeles. Past Grand Patron of O. E. S. of California. Republican. ROBERT HAMILTON WILLEY. Residence, 2 3 2 Seventeenth Street, Pacific Grove; office, 252 Alvarado Street, Monterey. Born in New York City. New York, Novem- ber 18, 1852. Soil of John M. and Maria (Miller) Willey. Moved to California in 1871. Married March 1, 1877, to Susie C. Clark. Educated in English private and boarding schools. Entered the law office of Haj'cs, Stanley & Hayes, San Francisco, in 1872. Admitted to the bar of California by the County Court of Napa, August 20, 1877; Seventh District Court, Napa, October 1, 1877; Supreme Court of Cal- ifornia, July 19, 1879, and Texas Supreme Court, January 18, 1882. City Attorney for Monterey City from its incorporation in June, 1889, to July, 1911, when the city entered upon existence under new charter, which demanded of city attorney that he give the city his exclusive services. Democrat. C. B. WILLIAMS. Residence, 633 East Twenty-seventh Street; office, 223 West Second Street, Los Angeles. Born in New York City, April 4, 1849. Son of Thomas W. and Nancy (Brew) Williams. Married Katie Hunt, January 14, 1877. Moved to California in 1895. Educated in- the public schools of New York City, and graduated from the High School in 1868. Attended Mount St. Vincent's College, in the same city, and graduated in 1873. Took up the study of law in the office of his brother. Judge Thomas Williams, in New York City, and was admitted to the bar of New York state by the Superior Court in 1883 and also to practice in the United States courts. In 1899 was admitted to practice in the courts of Michigan. Established the Williams Law and Collection Agency in Los Angeles, in 1894, and continues at head of the corpora- tion to date. Member of Concord Lodge, No. 50, A. F. & A. M., New York City. Republi- can. DOS BIOGRAPHICAL ERNEST STANWOOD WILLIAMS. Residence. 2215 West 21st Street; office, 91S Title Insurance BuiKling. Los Angeles. Born in Oaklan.l. California. Sei>tember 12, 1876. Son of John Fisher and Maria Jane (Curtis) Williams. Married October 16, 1906. to Helen Ivers. Graduated from the San Diego High School in 189-3, and froni Stanford University in 1899, receiving the degree of A. B., and later attended the Har- vard Law School. Admitted to the }^)ar of California in April. 1900. Member of the Tniversity and City clubs. Republican. EVAN WILLIAMS. Residence. 210 Spruce Street; office, 1232 Merchants Exchange Building. San Francisco. Born Januarv 2-5, 1884, in Empire, Nevada. Son of Evan and Dora (Foster) Williams. Educated in the grammar and high schools of Carson City, Nevada. In 1900 entered the University of California, from which he graduated in" 1904. receiving the degree of B. L. Four years later graduated from Har- vard Law School, with the degree of LL. B. Adraitteil to the bar of California. April, 1909. and commenced the practice of his pro- fession in association with the firm of Chick- ering & Gregory. Member of the Claremont Country and University clubs. Republican. NORMAN WILLIAMS. Residence. 6.521 Pollard Street. Los An- geles; office. .307 Exchange Building. Born lu Hespeler. Ontario, Canada, August 31. 1S71. Son of William and Mary B. (Breunan) Will- iams. Married Gertrude E. Robson, Noveut- ber, 1903. Came to California in November, 1898. Early education obtained in the public and collegiate institutes in the Province -f Ontario, followed by course in liberal arts i:i Victoria I'niversity, Ontario, graduating with the degree of B. A. and honors in mo^lern languages in 1892. This was followed with a legal education in Ontario Provincial La^v School, Osgoode Hall, Toronto. Admitted -as a barrister at law of the Supreme Court '.f Judicature of the Province of Ontario, Sep- tember, 1S9S; California Courts, April, 189^'. Member of the firm of Williams, Goudge & Chandler to date. Re].ublican. WARREN LAMONT WILLIAMS. Residence. 4.jii1 .South Figueroa Street; office. Police Court, Los Angeles. Born in Lansing. Michigan, June 23, 1880. Son of Charles Brewster and Mary Kate (Hunt) Williams. Moved to California in 1890. Married Marie Theresa Hickok Dece-nber 31, 1910. Earatory school and tuition in a private school he en-, tered Alma College, Alma, Michigan, in 1905. and remained one year, his course of study being interrupted by the earthquake at San Francisco, where liis parents were residing and whence he returned. Shortly after he took up the reading of law in the office of D. M. Hammock, in Los Angeles, and was admitted to the bar of California by the Dis- trict Court of Apjieal at Los Angeles, July, 19(17. Apj)ointed Deputy Prosecuting Attor- ney for the city of Los Angeles, July, 1908; Police Judge, May, 1909, and elected to the same office in 1910, which position he fills at date, presiding at the University Station. Member of F. & A. M., B. P. O. *E., Union League and Knickerbocker clubs, Los Angeles County Bar Association, Los Angeles Chamber of Commerce. Republican. WILLIAM JAMES WILLIAMS. Residence, 244 Madeline Drive, Pasadena: office, 312 Exchange Building, Los Angelo.?. Born in Cavanville, Ontario. Canada, May 10, 1864. Son of William and Mary (Breu- nan) Williams. Moved to California in 1893. Married November 25. 1897, to Lena (J. Meade, at Washington, D. C. Educated in the public schools of Canada, graduatin:z from the University of Toronto in .lune. lS9(i. with the degree of LL. B. Admitted as a barrister of law and solicitor by the Lav.- Society of Upper Canada in 1890, and w.t^ a member of the law firm of Mulock, Tilt. Miller, Crowther & Montgomery from 1800 to 1893. Admitted to the bar of California. April 12. 1893; and later to the United States District and Circuit Courts of Southern Cali- fornia. In 1893 formed law partnership with George I. Cochran, which continued until 1906, when the present firm of Williams. Goude & Chandler was formed. Republican. BIOG B APIIIC AL 559 WILLIAM GOODWIN WILLIAMS. Residence, 2240 Blake Street, Berkeley; offiee, 950 Pacific Building, San Francisco, and Santa Cruz, California. Born November 23, 1871, in Richmond, Virginia. Son of Rev. William Goodwin and Sallie Ellen (Elsom) Williams. Received his early edneation by private tutorship until he entered McCabe's University School at Petersburg, Virginia, continuing there until 1887, and thereafter attending the following institutions: Ran- dolph (Macon) College, Virginia, 1887-90: Washington & Lee University, Virginia, 1893-94; University of Virginia, 1892-95, with degree of LL. B; University of Wis- consin, 1900-1; University of Marburg, Ger- many, 1903; University of Berlin, Germany, 1904"^; and University "at California, 1908-11. Was student and instructor at Richmond Col- lege, Virginia, 1898-1902, and received in latter institution degrees of B. A. and M. A. Admitted to the bar at Richmond, Virginia, in 1895, and to the bar of California, in San Francisco, in 1896. Practiced his profession in Stockton from 1896 to 1897, and spent the ])eriod of 1898 to 1904 in the east and in Europe. Returned to Stockton in 1904 and practiced there until 1907, when he removed to San Francisco, where he continues to date. In 1911 he opened a branch ofHce in Santa Cruz, California. In Se]itember, 1911, he ac- cepted position of professorship of law at Louisiana State X^niversity at Baton Rouge. WILLARD FORSYTHE WILLIAMSON. Ke^idonce, Piedmont; oHice, 5()1 Crocker Building, San Francisco. Born in Portland. Oregon, .Tune 24, 1872. Son of .Tames Monroe and Matilda (Snowden) Williamson. Moved to California in 1888. Married to Paula Rued, February 3, 1908. Received his educa- tion in the comn'on schools, Oakland High School, and the University of Virginia. Studied law in the office of Garber. Bodlt >i Bishop, and was admitted to the bar of this state in 1893, his association continuing in the above office until 1894. Since that period has been in the active practice of his pro- fession alone. Member of the Pacific-Union and Claremont Country clubs, San Francisco Bar Association, and the Masonic fraternity. Nonpartisan. FRANK R. WILLIS. Residence, 154 North .Johnson Street; office, Courthouse, Los Angeles. Born August 17, 1855, in North Adams, Massachusetts. Son of Albert L. and Laura P. (Pease) Wil- lis. Married March 8, 1882, to Letitia G. Allin. Received his earlv education in the high school at Jefferson, Greene County, Iowa, until 1876, and at Lennox College, Hopkinton, Iowa, in 1877. Graduated from the Iowa State Normal School in 1879. Attended the Law Department of the State University of Iowa, and graduated in 1881 with the degree of LL. B. Admitted to the bar of Iowa in 1881. Came to Los Angeles in 1883. Admitted to ])ractice in all the federal courts. Served as attorney to Public Administrator, 1886-88. Assistant District Attorney, 1894- 1902. City Attorney of Redondo, 1898-1904. Member of the firm of Davis, Rush & Wil- lis to 1909. Elected .Tudge of the Superior Court of Los Angeles County in 1909, which office he' holds to date. Lecturer on "Crimi- nal Law" and "Procedure" in the L^niversitv of Southern California, College of Law, for ten vears. Member of Masonic bodies; Scot- 560 BIOGRAPHICAL tish Kite, 32°, Shrine, B. P. O. E., Gamut, Union League and Sierra Madre clubs. Re- publican. WILLIAM HAMMOND WILLIS. Kosidenoe, loi X o r t h Johnston Street; office, 637 Bryson Building, Los Angeles. Born November 29, 1882, in Au- relia, Iowa. Son of Hon. Frank R. and Letitia G. (Allin) Willis. Moved to Califor- nia in 1883. Edu- cated in the Los Angeles High School. Gradu- ated from the U n i V e r s i t y of Southern Califor- nia. College of Law, in 1907. with the degree of LL. M. Post graduate of George Wash- ington University, Washington, D. C, 1908. Admitted to the bar of California in June. 1907, and later to the United States Circuit and District Courts of Southern California. Formed partnership with Dudley W. Robinson in December, 1908, under the firm name of Willis &: Robinson, which continued until May, 1910, since which date he has been en- gaged in the practice of law alone. Member of Metropolitan. University and Xopeia clubs, Chamber of Commerce and Los Angeles Bar Association. Republican. CALVERT WILSON. Residence, 1403 South Burlington Avenue; office. 3.50 Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born in San Francisco, April 18, 1867. Son of Thomas Frew and Marian G. (Calvert) Wilson. Married February 11, 1896, to Kathryne .J. Smith. Received his education in schools of Mexico. Canada, France, Ger- many, Philadelphia, Baltimore and Xew Or- leans. Received the degree of A. B. from the Georgetown University in Washington, D. C. Post-graduate course at Harvard Col- lege. In 1888 received the degree of A. M. from Georgetown University. Admitted to the bar of Arizona, at Tucson. April 17, 1888; and California. Assistant United States Attorney for Arizona, 1889-93. District At- tornev of Yuma County, Arizona, 1892-94. :Member of the California Club, K. of P. and X. S. G. W. fraternities. Democrat. CHARLES HAROLD WILSON. Residence, 2023 Broderick Street; office, 1017 Balboa Building, San Francisco. Born August 9, 1862, in Charlestown. Massachu- setts. Son of John Boynton and Mary Ana (Burches) Wilson. Married in 1898 to An- nette P. Godchaux. Received his early edu- cation in the public schools of Boston, and later attended Chauncey Hall School of that city. Studied law in the offices of Samuel Hill and P. M. Babcock of Minneapolis, Min- nesota, and was admitted to the bar of that state December 20, 1884, practicing in Min- nesota until .January, 1887. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1889, and was admitted to the bar of this state May 24th of that year, and later to all courts having jurisdiction in this stale. Admitted to the Supreme Court of the United States .January 8, 1900. Commenced the active practice of his profession imme,- diately upon his admission, and continues to date, practicing alone. Member of tho I'nion League Club and Masonic fraternity. Republican. CHARLES EDWARD WILSON. Residence, 706 Broderick Street; office, 1039 Mills Building, San Francisco. Born in Brad- ford, Maine, September 11, 1839. Son of Miles and Melinda (Kingsbury) Wilson. Moved to this state in 1867. Married Carrie A. Watson July 1. 18&9-fdeceased). Edu- cated in the common schools and academies of Maine, notably Hampden Academy. Ad- mitted to the bar of the Supreme Court of Maine, October, 1867; Supreme Court of California, 1868, and United States Supreme Court, October, 1898. Commenced the prac- tice of his profession in San Francisco in July, 1868. with Judge Robert Thompson, under the firm name of Thompson & Wilson, this partnership continuing for two years; then with S. X. Putnam, under the firm name BIOGRAPHICAL 561 of Wilson & Putnam, this partnership exist- ing for six years, and later with Geo. E. Otis, under the firm name of Wilson & Otis, for four years, since which date he has continued the practice of his profession alone. Served in the Civil War. 2d Maine Cavalry, for two and one-half years. Member of the Unitarian and Commonwealth clubs, Grand Army of the Rexmblic and Masonic frater- nity. Republican. EMMET HOMER WILSON. Residence, 1032 Grand View Street; office, 1146 Title Insurance Building, Los An- g e 1 e s . Born in Greeley, Colorado, January 15, 1876. Son of John Em- met and Josephine Elizabeth (Coch- ran) Wilson. Moved to this state in 18 8 2. Married October 7, 1907, to Grace Safford Humphrey. Attended the pulj- lie schools of Los Angeles County, 1886-91, and the Los Ange- les high school, 1891-94, graduating in the latter year. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia in Los Angeles, April 10, 1900, by the Supreme Court, and to the United States Su- preme Court, October 14, 1907. Commenced the practice of his profession in Los Angeles and continues alone to date. Member of the Board of Playground Commissioners of Los Angeles, 1904; Board of Education of Los Angeles, 1905-06 and re-elected in 1906, but resigned to enter City Attorney's office. Chief Deputy City Attorney, 1907-10. Mem- ber of the Gamut and San Gabriel Valley Country clubs, Chamber of Commerce, K. O. T. M., and Los Angeles Bar Association. Democrat. MOUNTFORD SAMUEL WILSON. Residence, Burlingame; office, Nevada Bank Building, San Francisco. Born May 26, 1857, in San Francisco, Califoi'nia. Son of Samuel Mountford and Emily Josephine (Scott) Wil- son. Married May 15, 1890, to Flora H. Car- roll. Received his education in the local schools of his native city, and later attended Yale University, receiving the degree of A, B. in 1879. Graduated from the Hastings College of Law (University of California) in 1882, receiving the degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted to the bar of California in 1882 and was admitted that year into the firm of Wilson & Wilson, then consisting of Samuel M. Wilson, Russell J. Wilson and Mountford S. Wilson. This partnership continued until June 4, 1892, when Samuel M. Wilson died, and the firm was continued by the surviving partners until 1901, when Charles H. Lovell was admitted into partnership. Russell J. Wilson died May 1, 1905, and the surviving partners continue to practice under the same firm name to date, maintaining a corporation, probate and civil practice. Member of the Pacific-Union, University, Bohemian, and Burlingame Coun- try clubs, and of the Academy of Sciences. HORACE S. WILSON, Residence, 445 Harvard Boulevard; office, 404 Wilcox Building, Los Angeles. Born De- cember 9, 1883, in Los Angeles, California, Son of Percy R. and Emily Alice (Sandes) Wil- son. Married Maybelle Harmon, June 8, 1909. Attended the Los Angeles grammar schools and Harvard Militarj' Academy, grad- uating in 1904; later attending Stanford Uni- versity for three years. Admitted to the bar at Los Angeles, July, 1908. Associated with his father, Percy R. Wilson in the prac- tice of his profession until his death on December 9, 1909. From 1910 to date asso- ciated with Oscar C. Mueller. Member of the California and University clubs. Republican. JOHN RALPH WILSON. Residence, 1712 Everett Street, Alameda; office, 57 Post Street, San Francisco. Born in Wilmington, Delaware, April 13, 1878. Son of Rev. Dr. John A. B. and Mary E. (Jeffer- son) Wilson. Married April 15, 1903, to Emilie M. Mason. Early education received in th'3 public schools of Delaware, Maryland, Vir- ginia, and New York states. Moved to Cali- fornia in 1896, and attended the University 562 BIOGBAPniCAL of Southern California three years. Studied law in the office of Col. U. Wiley Wells, Senator John D. Works, and Bradner W. Lee of Los Angeles, and later in the office of Judge E. J. Pringle and Henry E. Monroe, of San Erancisco. Adniitter (). F. and P,. V. (). K iif the N. S. G. W.. L O. fraternities. Democrat. Oakland High School in 1S87; Oak Mound, Napa, 1888-89, and later University of Cali- fornia, Law Department, graduating in 1892 with degree of LL.B. Admitted to the bar of California by the Supreme Court, in San Francisco, January 13j 1891, and commenced the active practice of his profession in San Francisco. Associated as law clerk in the firm of Tilden & Tilden until 1893, when he removed to Napa and continued his practice in partnership with Denis Si)encer, practicing under the firm name of Si)encer & York, which continued until Mr. Si)encer's death, in 1895. Practiced alone until December, 1902, when he entered into partnership with Theodore and Edward S. Bell, practicing under the firm name of Bell, York & Bell, which continued until 1906. Upon the dissolution of this firm he continued in the practice with E. S. Bell, practicing under the firm name of York A: Bell, which continued until January, 1907, since which date he has remained in the prac- tice alone. In 1894 was elected City Attorney of the city of Napa and served in that office MILTON K. YOUNG. Eesidence, G 2 1 Kenmore Avenue; office, 727 H. W. Hellman Building, Los Angeles. Born April 7, 1868, at Litchfield, Illinois. Son of Mat hew and Mary Ann (Levin) Young. Married Melissa E. Squires August 10,1893. Educated in the p u b 1 i c schools of Sedalia, Missouri. Gradu- ated from the (Cen- tral Business Col- lege of that city in 1885. Moved to California in 188G, and commenced the study of law^ in San Fran- cisco Law Library. Admitted to practice in the Supreme Court of California, July 25, 1892; United States District and Circuit Courts, October 24, 1898; Circuit Court of Appeals, April 1, 1899. Delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1908. Chairman of the Democratic Central Com- mittee, 1903-4. Member of the Los Angeles Civil Service Commission from 1906 to 1910, retiring as President of tliat Commission. Member of the first Consolidation Commis- sion which consolidated San Pedro with Los Angeles. Continues the practice of his pro- fession in Los Angeles to date. Past Ex- alted Ruler of B. P. O. E. Member of Los Angeles Bar Association. Masonic bodies, 32° and Shriner. Democrat. ROBERT YOUNG. Residence, 527 Carlton Way ; office, 301 Hig- g i n s Building, Los Angeles. Born in Canada, J a n u a r y 30, 18 5 8. Married Frances E m m a TTpson, Septem- ber 22, 1892. Re- ceived common school education i 11 New York City and the county district schools of Illi- nois, and later the High School of Rushville, Illinois. In 1881 entered the Law Department of the University of Michigan, BIOGRAPHIC AL 571 gnidiiatiug iu 1883 with degree of LL.B. Ad- mitted in the Circuit Court for Washtenaw County, Michigan, in 1883, and in the same year the Supreme Court of Michigan; to the Supreme Court of the United States, March 28, 1898. Practiced in Detroit, Michigan, from 1883 to 1900, when he moved to Los An- geles, California, and was admitted to the bar of that state in February, 1900, continuing the practice of his profession in Los Angeles to date. Served as private in the Detroit Light Infantry three years. City Attorney of Hollywood, California from November, 1903, to February, 1910. Appointed City At- torney of Inglewood, California in February, 1908, which office he continues to hold to date. Member of the Masonic fraternity. Special- izes in Municipal Law and Los Angeles Bar Association. Past Master of Hollywood Lodge No. 3.5.5. Eepublican. EDWARD RUSSELL YOUNG. Eesidence, San Marino Court, San Gabriel; office, -108 Story Building, Los Angeles. Born at Marshalltown, Iowa, September 10, 1876. Sou of William and Charlotte (Giflford) Young. Moved to California in 1889. Mar- ried May 1, 1907, to Belle E. Wiley. Eeeeived his early education in the public schools of Iowa, and high school of Los Angeles. Grad- uated from the University of Michigan in 1902, with degree of B. L. Admitted to the bar of Michigan in June, 1902, and California in July, 1902. Dejuity City Attorney for Los Angeles, March, 1907, to January, 1910. As- sistant City Attorney, June, 1910, to October, 1911. Eepublican. burgh, Scotland, December 14, 1840. Son of James and Jessie (Brown) Young. Came to America in 1854, and to California inl888. Mar- ried Lottie M. Gifford (deceased), January 4, 1870; Julia E. Miller, June 30, 1909. Edu- cated in the common schools of Edinburgh, Scotland. Took up the study of law iu 1869, in the ofifice of Mr. Holdridge, in Independ- ence, Iowa. Admitted to the bar of Iowa by the Superior Court of Buchanan County iu 1872. Was the first County Prosecuting Attor. ney for Werth County, Iowa. Practiced his profession in that state until his removal to California, where he was admitted to pfa'ctice in 1888 and continued actively until 1892, when he began a four year term as Township .Justice, to which he had been elected, and which expired in 1895. He resumed practice for the next four years, and again took the position of Township .Justice for th>3 term be- ginning with 1900 and ending with 1903. From 1904 to 1908 he carried on active prac- tice in partnership with his son, William H., under the firm name of Young & Young. From 1908 to 1911 he practiced alone, and the beginning of the latter year again took the office of 'Township Justice for a four year term, which expires in 1914. Is now the first Presiding Judge of the Township Courts of Los Angeles Township. Enlisted as Cor- poral of Company "A," First Dakota Volun- teer Cavalry, November, 1861, and served continuously through the Civil War until mustered out. May 9, 1865. Member of Grand Army of the Eepublic, Masonic order, Eastern Star, and Los Angeles County Bar Association. Eepublican. WILLIAM YOUNG. Eesidence, 2657 Normandie Avenue; office, County Courthouse, Los Angeles. Born in Edin- PEDRO E. ZABALA. Eesidence, Salinas; office, Monterey County Bank Building, Salinas. Born in Monterey, California, in January, 1867. Graduated from Santa Clara College in 1886, with the degree of S. B. Attended Hastings College of Law for two years. Admitted to the bar of Cali- fornia, August 5, 1890. Commenced the prac- tice of Law in Salinas in 1891. In 1905 formed partnership with .John .J. Wyatt, under the firm name of Zabala & Wyatt, which con- tinued until 1910, when Mr. Wyatt died and practiced alone until October, 1911. He then formed partnership with .J. A. Bardin. under the firm name of Zabala & Bardin, which partnership continues to date. Dis- trict Attorney of Monterey County from 1891 to 1899. Democrat. J. B. ZIMDARS. Eesidence, 2968 Washington Street; office, Merchants National Bank Building, San Fran- cisco. Born in Germany in 1870. Son of Otto E. and Frances M. (Thiesen) Zimdars. Married to Helen Grant Winn in 1906. 572 BIOGB APRIC AL. Moved to California in 1S79. and educated tion continued there and at Nome. Alaska, in the grammar and high schools at Modesto, until 1902. Practiced in Modesto alone about graduating from the high school in 1SS6. Ad- one year (1902-3), and then engaged his at- mitted to the bar of CaUfornia in San Fran- tention in newspaper and mining pursuits, cisca in 1896. and commenced the active prac- Eesumed the active practice of his protessiou ties of his profession alone, continuing until in April, 190S, in partnership with ^^ illiain 1S98. In that year associated with .Judge W. Grant, which continues to date, practicing un- E. Crews, at Juneau, Alaska, which associa- der firm name of Grant & Zimdars. UNIYERSIIT OF CALIFORNIA LIBRARY Los Angeles This book is DUE on the last date stamped below. LAW LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACIUTV D 000 322 461 5 University of Caiifomia SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 405 Hilgard Avenue, Los Angeles, CA 90024-1388 Return this material to the library from which it was borrowed. 41585 LAW WB'^ARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNU LOS ANGELES UC SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY D 000 322 461 5