UC-NRLF
B ^ D33 DflD
EXCHANGE
DEC 11 1913
Ube mnipersitp of Cbtcaoo
FOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
THE LEGAL AND GOVERNMENTAL TERMS
COMMON TO THE MACEDONIAN GREEK
INSCRIPTIONS AND THE NEW TESTAMENT,
WITH A COMPLETE INDEX OF THE MACE-
DONIAN INSCRIPTIONS
A DISSERTATION
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE DIVINITY
SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(department of BIBLICAL AND PATRISTIC GKEEk)
WILLIAM DUNCAN FERGUSON
V
^ (.■■ I
Reprinted from
Historical and Linguistic Studies
Second Series, Vol. II, Part 3
(Copyrighted 1Q13 by the University 0/ Chicago)
Zbc Glntversit^ of CbicaQO
FOUNDED BY JOHN D. ROCKEFELLER
THE LEGAL AND GOVERNMENTAL TERMS
COMMON TO THE MACEDONIAN GREEK
INSCRIPTIONS AND THE NEW TESTAMENT.
WITH A COMPLETE INDEX OF THE MACE-
DONIAN INSCRIPTIONS
A DISSERTATION
SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF THE GRADUATE DIVINITY
SCHOOL IN CANDIDACY FOR THE DEGREE OF
DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
(department of biblical and PATjRISTIC GREEK)
WILLIAM DUNCAN FERGUSON
Reprinted from
Historical and Linguistic Studies
Second Series, Vol. II, Part 3
(.Copyrighted 191 3 by the University of Chicago)
Composed and Printed By
The University of Chicago Press
Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A.
INTRODUCTION
The inscriptions upon which this treatise is based are the Greek
Macedonian inscriptions. Thus far the Corpus does not contain all
of the Macedonian inscriptions. Dimitsas, having spent ten years
in making a collection of these inscriptions, published them in Athens,
in 1896, in two volumes entitled, 'H Ma/ceSovta. In this work Dimitsas
has included all inscriptions having any reference to Macedonian
affairs, regardless of the place to which the inscription itself belonged.
For our present purpose we make use of only those inscriptions which
had their origin in Macedonia, that is, only those which are geographically
Macedonian inscriptions.
This treatise is intended to present an inductive study of the legal
and governmental terms common to the Macedonian inscriptions and
the New Testament. The purpose of this investigation is to obtain,
from the usage of these words in the inscriptions, any available infor-
mation which may throw light upon their interpretation in the New
Testament. The object is not to make an exhaustive investigation
of the meaning and usage of these words in the whole field of Greek
literature, nor yet to carry the investigation into the New Testament
itself, but rather to furnish to the student of the New Testament some
additional data with which to approach his task of interpreting these
technical terms in the Scriptures.
The method has been to quote in Greek the statement in which the
word under consideration occurs; to indicate to what time and place
the inscription belonged; to give a translation or a paraphrase of a
sufficient portion of the immediate context to enable the reader to
understand the shorter passage quoted in Greek; and then to make an
inductive study of the terms selected, in every inscription in which they
occur.
Arabic numerals, unless otherwise specified, refer to the numbers
assigned to the Macedonian inscriptions by Dimitsas in his MaKcSovta,
and the Roman numerals refer to the divisions of this treatise. Under
each Roman numeral a single word, or group of closely related words,
is treated. The abbreviations used for names of authors are usually
from the list given by Liddell and Scott.
I wish to make special mention of my indebtedness to Professor
Ernest D. Burton of the University of Chicago. His discriminating and
212] o
270929
6 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
suggestive criticisms, so generously given, greatly stimulated my interest
and gave direction to my effort. His help has been so many-sided
that it is impossible to estimate its value. To Professor Edgar Good-
speed of the University of Chicago I also desire to express my thanks
and grateful appreciation for his pertinent suggestions on various
linguistic problems.
222
TABLE OF CONTENTS
PAGE
Bibliography 9
I.A.I^ovXrj II
LB. (3ovXcvTi]<i 27
11. ytpovaia 3°
III. ^^lo<i 38
IV. hiaOriK-q 42
V. BoyfJM 47
VI. 8oK€U) 50
VII. iKKXyjaia 54
VIII. »cAi;povo/aos 56
IX. KXrjpo<; 60
X. XtiTovpy(u), XtiTOvpyia 62
XL VO/U.OS 04
XII. tToXLrapxq^ 65
XIII. TTpaLTwpLOV 07
XIV. TTptafievw, rrpco-jSeia, TrpecrfitvTrj<i, Trp€a-l3vTepo<; .... 69
XV. cTTpar-tfyo^ 74
XVI. Ta/u-ietov 7"
223]
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Archdologische Zeitung. Berlin, 1880, pp. 159-61.
Boeckh, Corpus Inscriptiontim Graecanim. Berlin, 1828-187 7.
Bonner, Evidence in Athenian Courts. Chicago, 1905.
Buck, Greek Dialects. Boston, 1910.
Burton, The Politarchs in Macedonia and Elsewhere. Chicago, 1S98.
Corpus Inscriptionutn Atticarum.
Cousinery, Voyage dans la Macedoine. Paris, 1831.
T>Q\?,'sm2irm, Bible Studies. Edinburgh, 1901.
Dittenberger, Orientis Graeci Inscriptiones selectae, Vols. I, II. Leipzig, 1903-
1905.
Dittenberger, Sylloge Inscriptionutn Graecarum. Leipzig, 1883.
Dumont, Ephebie Attiqne. 2 vols. Paris, 1875, 1876.
Gardner and Jevons, Manual oj Greek Antiquities. New York, 1895.
Gilbert, Constitutional Antiquities of Sparta and Athens. London and New
York, 1895.
Goodspeed, Greek Papyri from the Cairo Museum. Chicago, 1903.
Goodspeed, Index Patristicus. Leipzig, 1907.
Grenfell and Hunt, Oxyrhynchus Papyri, Vols. I-IV. London, 1898-1904.
Hatch, Essays in Biblical Greek. Oxford, 1889.
Herwerden, Lexicon Graecum Suppletorium el Dialecticum. 1902.
Hicks and Hill, Greek Historical Inscriptions. Oxford, 1901.
Josephus, De Bella Judaico.
Journal of Hellenic Studies, VIII, 1887, 284, 362-63, 424-26.
Kaibel, Epigrammata Graeca ex Lapidibus Conlecta. Berlin, 1878.
Kennedy, Sources of N. T. Greek. Edinburgh, 1895.
King, Demosthenes, The Oration against Leptines. London, 1881.
Le Bas et Waddington, Voyage en Grece et en Asie Mineiire, Vols. II, III.
Paris, 1848.
Miiller, K. O., Die Dorier, Vols. I, II. Breslau, 1844.
Norton, A Lexicographical and Historical Study of SuiOrJKr). Chicago, 1908.
Pape, W ortcrbuch der griechischcn Eigennamen. 2 vols. Leipzig, 1884.
Ramsay, Paul's Epistle to the Galatians. New York, 1900.
Roberts, Introduction to Greek Epigraphy. Cambridge, 1887.
Schvirer, The Jewish People in the Time of Jesus Christ. New York, 1891.
Searles, Lexicographical Study of the Greek Inscriptions. Chicago, 1898.
Thumb, Die Griechische Sprache im Zeitdtcr dcs Hellenismus. Strassburg, 1901 .
Thumb, Haiuibuch der Griechischcn Dialekte. Heidelberg, 1909.
Westcott and Hort, The New Testament in the Original Greek, \'ol. II. New
York, 1898.
225] 9
I. A. ^ov\r\
(i) I
^A-yaBrj Tvxrj,
tTOus rjKT aTroypa<f)r]
e<^i;/?o)v TU)v i<f>rj(3ev<Ta.v-
TO)V VTTO Avcrt/Ao^ov A^i-
(J Siavov Tov i<j>TJ /3ap)(ov
Kara to Soyfia Trj<; /3ovA.^s.
The whole of- this inscription is extant, and the first six lines are
here transcribed. It reads as follows: "In the year 328 a register of
the €^17/801 who became efftrjfioL under Lysimachus the son of Abidianos
the c^T/ySapxos by the decree of the /SouAt;." Then follows a list of the
€<f>rifio(,.
This inscription was found over the entrance of the city of Bodena
(Edessa). Edessa was situated on a table-land between two projec-
tions of the Bermius Mountains, and was at one time the capital of
Macedonia.
Boeckh, reckoning the date found in the inscription (1. 2) from the
destruction of Corinth, gives us the year 182 a.d. as the date of this
inscription.
It here appears that the boys who became «<^i7/3oi were under the
control of an officer called 6 €<f>rjPapxo<i, and they were duly registered
as t<f>r)(3oL by a decree of the ^SovAi/ (cf. CIG, 256, 272B, 275, 276,
Heliod. 7, 8). The ftovXrj is the only official body here mentioned,
and it had authority to confer the rights of citizenship upon the youths
of the city. This may indicate that in some of the Macedonian cities
there was only one governing body in the city, as in the case of the
Sanhedrin in Jerusalem, or it may be that this particular matter, the
granting of citizenship to the young men was one which pertained to
the functions of the fiovXrj.
(2) 37
dW iXirjcrov ly^Ss is
5 vto(v)s avTOv 7r/3eo-/8[£]tttis kol ew^ais 7r[avTa)r ?
dyyeAwv [kuiJ TrpotprjTwv awo . .
fjLapTvpoiv ToTs croL dpe(Ta(r(L)
(iovXr]<; Koajxov dp.r)v.
227] 11
12 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
'Ev^aSc K£tT£ 'loxivvrjcrKr] Tov to — •
lO aJva7rav(Tafj.evr) iv Xpiaro).
The whole of this mortuary inscription is extant except for slight
mutilations. It is here transcribed from the middle of 1. 4 to the end
of the inscription. It was placed on the monument of a certain Cyprian
whose tomb had been destroyed during a persecution of the Christians,
and the part quoted above is in the form of a prayer by those who
erected the monument and who in some sense regarded themselves
as his sons. It reads thus: " but have mercy upon us as his sons because
of the supplications and prayers of all the angels and of the prophets
and of the witnesses to those things which are pleasing to thee, [and
deliver us from (kol pvaai ly/xas oltto)] the counsel of the world. Amen."
This inscription was found in the outer wall of a church in Bodena.
Its exact date is not known, but the phrase, dvaTrava-aixevt) iv X/sio-toJ,
marks it as belonging to the Christian era.
Since the last part of 1. 6 and the first part of I. 8 are wanting, the
exact relationship of the phrase, f3ov\rj<; Koa-fiov dfii^v, to the context
cannot be determined with certainty. In the New Testament the
word /SouAi/ almost invariably means "counsel," and KoV/ios frequently
denotes "men," or "the ungodly multitude." That the inscription
is of a religious character is evident. The opening words of the sentence
beginning on 1. 4, lXir}(Tov 17/xas, are used at the present time in the
liturgy of the Greek church. The dixrjv at the close of the sentence
is the word commonly employed in ending a prayer. The thought
expressed is that of petition or prayer. It thus appears that fiov\rj<i
is here used in the closing phrase of a prayer, and that it is an abstract
term having a usage parallel to that found in the New Testament.
In Luke 7:30, ttjv jSovXrjv tov deov denotes the counsel of God (cf.
Acts 2:23; 20:27, etc.). The (SovXrj in the inscription pretty certainly
denotes counsel, and probably Koa/xo's denotes the ungodly people.
According to this interpretation there seems to be a contrast between
the prayers and supplications of the angels and of the prophets on the
one hand, and the counsel of the world on the other.
(3) SO
'H /3ovXr] Koi [6 8^;u,os] XIoTrtAtov
'Zovfi^ov ve<j>Tepov.
The Avhole of this inscription is extant and is here transcribed. It
was found in the ruins of an old wall in Beroea, a city of Macedonia
22s
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 13
lying about seven hours south of Edessa, and twelve west of Thessa-
lonica. The date is not known, but the Latin name, no7r('A.tos Sov/a/^os,
points to the Roman period. The two following inscriptions (51, 52)
belong to the same place, and probably to about the same time.
In monumental inscriptions the name of the person or persons
erecting the monument, and the name of the person for whom it was
erected are usually given, while the verb of erecting or setting up is
often omitted. It here appears that the fiovXi^ and the 817/xos erected
a monument to noTrtAios 2ov/x./xos vewrepos. The term /SouAiy is used in
its technical sense referring to a civil body, the council of the city.
(4) 51
'H fiovXi] Koi ol ve'oi
K. HottlXXlov JIpoKXov 'lowta-
vov Tlvd(i)va Tov yvfJiva<n.ap)^ov
aXcLif/avra kol XovtravTa Si' oXrj^
5 rjfj.ipa<i ■rrav8r]iJ.€L.
The whole of this inscription is extant, and is here transcribed.
For place and date see I. A. (3). It reads as follows: "The Council
and the boys erect this monument to C. Popillius Proclus Junianus
Python the gymnasiarch who spent his time anointing and bathing
the boys throughout the whole day."
It is to be observed that the povXy and the veot are represented
as acting together in erecting a monument in honor of the gymnasiarch.
This is the only instance in the Macedonian inscriptions in which the
fiovX-q and the veot are thus associated. Elsewhere, such official
action is always attributed either to ^ povXrj kol 6 8^/aos, or to either
one of these bodies acting by itself. In this case, however, the boys
share with the (iovXrj in honoring the gymnasiarch, because in his
official capacity as superintendent of the gymnasia he had de\'oted
all his time to caring for the boys. This does not indicate that the
vc'ot had a political standing.
(5) 52
Bepota[t]a)V 17 fiovXr} Kal o [Srjfxo<;]
Tt . . . . a tov UToXifxaLov
.... TT^V Toiv (T€^a(TTiJiV
This inscription is in a badly mutilated condition, and is here tran-
scribed. It was found in a church in Beroea. It appears that the fiovXri
229
14 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
and the 8^/nos erected a monument in honor of the person whose name
is partly obliterated in 1. 2.
It is expressly stated that this is the ^ovki^ of the Beroeans. In
Nos. 50 and 52 8^/u,os has been restored by the editor. In No. 50 it
may have been originally 17 ^ovXi] koI ol ve'oi, as in 51:1, and in 52:1
there is also the possibility of such a restoration as ve'oi. These are
the only inscriptions found in Beroea in which the (SovXtj is mentioned,
and in each case it is used in a technical sense, denoting a political body.
The only unusual feature in its usage is its association with the ve'oi
in 51:1.
(6) 258
10 '^('1') TeXtvTUiv ovBi rJys
Kara TtjV fiovXrjv T€(i)/u,^s rffxiX-qcrtv,
16 tSo^ev T17 ISovXrj
TTjv Tov dvBpos (TefxvoTTjTa /c(ai) ^ovXtjoriv
6 lirifLtXy}-
26 T^S Twv Trf'i l3ovXrj<; 87/vapiwv AovKios
AovKpTjTLO'i Tlov6rj<i.
The whole of this inscription is extant, but only those clauses are
here transcribed which contain the term fiovX^. It was found at
Tzepikobon, a small town about five hours from Bitolia in Pelagonia,
and about one hundred and thirty-seven miles from Thessalonica.
The date (243) contained in the inscription if reckoned from the
Achaean era (146 B.C.) corresponds to 97 a.d.
Beginning at the middle of 1. 9, the inscription runs thus: " Inasmuch
as Philo both greatly honored his own native land, and when dying
lacked nothing of honor toward the (iovXrj, but left to it, by will, 1,500
denarii on the condition that from the interest accruing from it annually
the Council should celebrate a festive day in honor of OvcVtios BwXavos
to be held on the fourteenth day before the Calends of November, it is
decreed by the jSovAr; to accept the offer of Philo in the proposed con-
ditions written by him in the will, to receive the money, and, from the
interest on it, to celebrate annually the festal day, and not to spend any
of the principal for other need, nor to spend any of the interest except
as Philo who gave it had planned. The money was counted and the
curator of the (3ovXi^ received it."
230
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 15
Since the 8^/tos is not mentioned in this inscription, it may be
inferred either that the fiovXi^ was the only governmental body in
Tzepikobon, or that the matter in question — that of accepting a be-
quest — was one which belonged to the functions of the ^ovXi/ apart
from the 8^/mos. Coming, as it does, at the close of the first century
A.D., it is of first-rate importance in determining the authority of the
ISovX'^ in this part of Macedonia during the New Testament period.
It is seen that at Tzepikobon at this time:
a) The iroXiTapxai- convened the council (11. 5-6).
b) That money might be left by will (Kara BiaOrJKrjv) to the ^ovXr/ to
be expended for public purposes as directed by the testator.
c) That the ^ovXt^ had authority to accept such a bequest and to
carry out the required conditions.
d) The (3ov\-q had an officer who took charge of money committed
to it.
(7) ' 365
8 Kara to, ycvofitva vtto t^s KpaTLcr-
g [^V^ /8ou\]^s Ktti Tov Si^/Aov il/r]<f>t(rixaTa,
Only a part of this inscription is preserved, and the part which is
found is in a very fragmentary condition. A part of 11. 8 and 9 is
here transcribed. It was found in Thessalonica, and contains its
own date, 289 (1. 14), which corresponds to 143 a.d.
The name of the person who is referred to as having left to the city
of Thessalonica a legacy is partly defaced so that editors differ as to
whether it is the name of a man or of a woman. According to the
restoration of Dimitsas it was a woman who made the bequest (II. 5-6),
but according to Hogarth it was a man {Jour. Hell. Studies, VIII, 1887,
The inscription as we possess it is so fragmentary that it is hardly
safe to venture on a translation of it. Hogarth says: "It is too frag-
mentary to do more than conjecture that it refers to certain hunting-
grounds left by the will of one Herennius, either to the city of Thessa-
lonica or to some religious foundation therein, and the object of the
inscription would seem to be to record the terms of their future regu-
lation" {Jour. Hell. Studies, VIII, 18S7, 362). In addition to this state-
ment it is seen that these games were to be conducted, according to the
terms decreed by the PovXy and the SiJ/Aos, by those who were politarchs.
Then follow the names of the politarchs, the time of the year at which
the games were to be held, and the date of the inscription.
231
16 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
In Tzepikobon it is the ^ovXrj alone which is represented as receiving
money through a bequest. Here it is the ^ovX-rj and the 8^/aos acting
together who accept the money and direct the use of it according to
the terms of the Siad-qKr). This tends to show that the cities of Mace-
donia did not have a uniform political system. There is a difference
of forty-six years in the dates of these two inscriptions (258 and 365),
but when compared with other inscriptions, some of an earlier and some
of a later date, it is seen that the difference in time will not account for
the fact that at Tzepikobon there is only one political body mentioned,
while at Thessalonica there are two, the ^ovXrj and the S^/aos, exercising
precisely the same functions as those of the /SovXi^ at Tzepikobon.
The terms (TvvK\r)To<; (1. 5) and (SovXrj (1. 9) are used interchangeably.
(8) 668
aXXa Sc $(.o<i K€Xivu.
The whole of this inscription is extant, and the last two lines are
here transcribed. It was found in a church in Thessalonica, and bears
the date 1705 a.d. It is apparently an inscription of dedication at a
time when the church was repaired or rebuilt. It is stated in the
nscription that these things took place at the departure of the most
holy Ignatius from the island of Lesbos. The two lines which are
transcribed seem to be in the form of a provefb: "Men counsel one
thing, but otherwise God commands."
The use of PovX-q here is of value solely as showing what modern
Greek usage is. It has the same meaning as that which it usually has
in the New Testament, "counsel" or "purpose."
(9) 671
I "ESo^ev T^t (iovXrjL koI tu)i oijfXWL.
8 8cSo;(6ai TrJL ^ovXrjt Kal twi S-qfxojL.
17 avaypd\j/ai Se To8e to ij/-^<pLcrfw. tt^v
^ovXrjV eis TO (3ovX€VTrjpLOV.
20 *E8o^£V TTJl fiovXrJL Koi TW6 StJ/AWI
232
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 17
27 Se86)(6at Trji ^ov\i]i Kal twl Siifiwt
'H TToAts @€a<Ta\.ovcKiwv ^rjXtwv Trjt
46 jSovX^L Kal Tioi. 8-^ix(i)t ^atpuv.
The whole of this inscription is extant, but only those portions of it
are here transcribed in which the term {(SovXtj) under consideration
at this point occurs. It was found in Delos in 1885, and contains three
decrees. According to Dimitsas (Max., I, 565), it belongs within the
period 220-215 b.c.
FIRST decree
Because of the completeness and importance of this inscription,
and inasmuch as it affords a good illustration of the form and character
of many of these inscriptions, a translation of the whole of it is here
appended: "It is decreed by the /JouAt/ and the 8^/xos; Boulon the son
of Tunnon made the motion. Since Admetos while a Trpd^evo? (at
Delos) supplied many great necessaries to the temple and to the Delians,
both publicly and privately, always to whoever of the citizens chanced
to meet him, and in order therefore that the 8^/xos appear grateful to
as many as honor the temple, and have been publicly announced as
showing kindness to the ^ovXtj of Delos; be it decreed by the fiovXy
and the Brjixo<: to honor him with the sacred crown of laurel and with
two bronze images, and that the sacred herald proclaim him publicly
in the theater during the sacrifices to Apollo, and whenever the choruses
of boys contend let proclamation be made; and let the 8^/xos of Delos
adorn Admetos Bokros a Macedonian with the sacred crown of laurel
and with two bronze images on account of his reverence toward the
temple and of his good-will toward the 8^/109 of Delos, and let the /SouXt;
inscribe this decree in the council chamber, and let the sacred officers
inscribe it in the temple. Cynthiades the son of Teleson put it to the
vote."
SECOND DECREE
"It is decreed by the fiovXrj and the S^/^os. Boulon the son of
Tunnon made the motion. Since Admetos the n-po^evos supplied
many great needs to the temple and the 8t}/xos of Delos, both publicly
and privately, always, to whoever of the citizens chanced to meet him;
and in order therefore that the 8^/^05 appear grateful, to as many as
honor the temple and have been proclaimed for showing them kindness;
with good luck, be it decreed by the fiovXrj and the 8rjfxo<: to set up two
233
18 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
bronze images of the Trpo^cvos Admetos, the one in the temple and the
other in Thessalonica, and to set the one in the temple beside the altar
of the god of the city, and to inscribe upon the image this inscription;
'The 8rjfjio<i of Delos erects this to Admetos the son of Bokros a Mace-
donian, on account of his valor and of his piety toward the temple and
of his good-will for the S^fio? of Delos;' and to send an envoy who
when he arrives at Thessalonica shall hand over the decrees, and shall
require the 8^/ios of Thessalonica, since it is a friend and kindred of
the Srjfios of Delos, to give a place as good as possible for the setting up
of the crown and of the image of Admetos, containing the same inscrip-
tion which the 8^/xos set up also in Delos, and doing these things they
will show gratitude to the Srjfio^ of Delos. Cynthiades the son of
Teleson put it to the vote. Boulon the son of Tunnon was chosen
envoy."
THIRD DECREE
"The city of Thessaloniea to the ftovkr] and the S^ftos of Delos
greeting. Boulon who was sent an envoy by you, having arrived and
having delivered over the decrees by means of which you honored
Admetos the son of Bokros, and having come into the iKKk-qaia, and
making a speech in accordance with the things decreed, we accepted
these things in accordance with your wish, and of the decree in which
we submitted to the demand made by you we have sent you the copy
just as you see it. Sosipater the president, and the .... Menander,
Nicodemos, Philodemos, Hippias .... made a motion. Since Boulon
who was sent by the 8i}/u.os of Delos an envoy to the city (Thessalonica)
delivered up the decrees in which the 8^/mos, having advised to render
thanks to Admetos the son of Bokros on account of his good deeds,
has adorned him with the divine crown of laurel and with two bronze
images of which it was voted to place one in the sacred place beside
the altar of the god of the city, and to place the other in Thessalonica,
and the inscribing of the crown and the setting up of the image shall
be executed just as it was written in the inscription by the decree, and
they esteemed our city worthy affectionately to give to him as good a
place as possible both in accordance with the things decreed and with
the speech of Boulon; be it decreed by the fiovXr}, to commend the
8^/10? of Delos, because it gave thanks to the Thessalonian fellow-
citizens of Admetos when it crowned him on account of the good deeds
mentioned, esteeming him worthy of the things decreed, and be it decreed
that the one presiding over the contests pay for the inscribing of the
234
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 19
crown and for the setting up of the image on whatever place seemed
best to the members of the /SovXi/."
The first decree (11. 1-19) was passed by the )3ouX^ and the Srjfio^ of
Delos in honor of Admetos of Thessalonica who was a irp6itvo<; at
Delos. On account of his benefactions to the temple and to the people
of Delos it was decreed by the fiovX^j and the S^/xo? that the herald
should proclaim him in the theater during the games, and crown him
with the sacred crown of laurel, and the /SouXt; was to inscribe this
decree in their council chamber, and the temple officers were to inscribe
it in the temple.
The second decree (11. 20-45) is similar to the first, with two addi-
tions, the one concerning the placing of one of the images of Admetos
in the temple beside the altar of Zeus, and the other referring to
the choosing of Boulon to go as an envoy to Thessalonica with this
decree.
The third decree (11. 46-77) pertains to the receiving of the envoy
from Delos by the eKKXi/o-ia of Thessalonica, and the reply of Thessa-
lonica to Delos. It relates that Boulon the envoy from Delos had
been received at a meeting of the iKKXrjaia^ and that in a speech before
that body he had presented to them the request of Delos that they also
share in honoring Admetos. His plea was favorably received by the
^vXrj of Thessalonica, and they decreed that one of the bronze images
of Admetos should be set up in Thessalonica, and that the crown be
inscribed, in accordance with the request of Delos.
It is seen from this inscription :
a) That both of these cities, Delos and Thessalonica, possessed
a jSovXrj and a 8^/xos.
b) That the /3ovX>/ and the 8rjiJ.o<: of Delos passed a decree honoring
the irpolevos from Thessalonica for the services he had rendered to
Delos.
c) That upon the fSovXrj and the Srj/xo^ devolved the duty and the
right to decide where the decree should be inscribed, and the statues
set up.
d) That official matters between two cities were transacted by the
l3ovXrj and the S^^os of the respective cities, through the agency of an
envoy (Trpeo-^evxT/s).
e) That the man chosen as envoy was also a member of the PovXrj.
f) That the ^ovXrj of Thessalonica took the initiative and recom-
mended to the S^/txos that Admetos should be honored, but that the
final authority in dealing with the matter rested with the S^/xos.
235
20 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
(lo) 67s
26 BiBo^dai ATjTaicoi/ Trji jSovXrJL kol Twt BrjfxwL
The whole of this inscription is extant, but only the clause in which
the term jSovXi] occurs is here transcribed. It was inscribed on a large
stone slab, and was found in the village of Aivati, a small town four
hours north of Thessalonica, in Mygdonia. The date contained in the
inscription (1. 49) corresponds to 117 B.C.
The inscription records that the politarchs of the city of Lete, in
a wpo^ovXevfjui, proclaimed the Roman treasurer Marcus Annius a
benefactor of Macedonia and of their own city, and they erected to
his honor a stone slab in the market-place on which they placed this
inscription, because he had twice fought with them against hostile
invaders, and had in each case defeated the enemy. For this double
victory the ^ovXt^ and the 8^/xos voted to crown him, and to establish
in his honor a cavalry contest to be held once a year. Beginning at
the middle of 1. 36 it reads as follows: "Because of which be it decreed
by the ^ovXrj and by the 8^/u.os to praise Marcus Annius the son of
Poplius, the Roman treasurer, and to crown him with the olive wreath,
and to establish for him a cavalry contest, in the month of Aato-tos."
It appears that at this time Lete had local self-government, and that
here, as well as in Thessalonica, there were two political bodies, a
^ovXt/ and a S^ftos.
As to the relation of the fiovXrj to the S^|U,os, and their method of
conducting business, it is seen that the ^ovXt^ took the initiative (671 : 70,
675:2-3). The fiovXrj first held a meeting by itself, in which it took
any matter of business under its own consideration and formulated
a statement regarding it, which was then presented to the Srjfxos at a
joint meeting of the ^ovXij and the 8^/aos. This preliminary statement
was drawn up in the form of a resolution, and was called a rrpofiovXnfia^
and if approved by a vote of the 8^/ios it became an authoritative
decree. At Lete this wpo^ovXevfia was presented to the 8^/u,os by the
TToXiTapxai, a variation from the usage of Athens where the office of
voXtTdpxri<i did not exist. In Athens the vpo^ovXevixa. was usually
presented to the 8^/ios by the herald, and defended before the assembly
{(KKXr]<TLa, the joint meeting of the /SovXt^ and the S^/tos) by the man
who first made the motion in the fiovXrj (Cf. Gilbert, Greek Const. Ant.,
pp. 293-96).
The fiovXrj and the 8^/xos voted to grant certain honors to Marcus
Annius, the Roman treasurer, and to choose three envoys (7r/3£o-/?cvTai )
236
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 21
from among the (SovXcvtul (1. 49), who should convey to Marcus
Annius the proposal of the 8^/xos to honor him, and to urge upon him
the acceptance of these honors. They also provided for the writing and
the setting-up of this decree in a public place. In this case the writing
of the decree and the setting-up of the stele were to be in the hands of
the TToXiTapxai and of the treasurer of the city. Lete had its own
local treasurer, and the jurisdiction of the Roman treasurer seems to
have extended over matters of general interest, rather than to matters
of the local city government.
(11) 1130
3 Kara ij/i^ifyKTfia l3ov\rj<i kul brjfiov
5 SeSd^^ai TtJL ^ovXrj koI to* St^/xw
The whole of this inscription is extant, and the two clauses in which
the term /SovXrj occurs are transcribed. It was found at Thasos. The
exact date to which it belongs is not known, but according to Perrot
it is to be assigned to the period immediately preceding the time of
Alexander the Great (Dim., Max. II, p. 856).
It is a decree passed by the ^ovXr) and the SiJ/xos of Thasos praising
a certain Poluaretos and granting to him the rights of citizenship
because of his benefactions to the city of Thasos, and to the people
privately, while he was Trpo^evos at Thasos.
Beginning on 1. 2 it reads thus: "The Otvpol made the inscription
according to the decree of the ^ovXrj and the 8^/u,os. With good luck;
since Polyaretos the son of Hystias, being a Tr/ad^cvos and a benefactor
of the city, has been a good man toward the city of Thasos, and does
whatever good he can, both publicly to the city and privately to whoever
chances to meet him; be it decreed by the ^ovXiq and the 8^/aos to
praise Polyaretos the son of Hystias on account of his valor and of his
good-will toward the city of Thasos, and that Polyaretos be a citizen,"
etc.
It appears from this inscription that Thasos had a fiovXrj and a
^tJi.0%, three ap^ovre? (1, i), and three OfvpoC who inscribed this decree
(11. 2, 10).
(12) 1140
2w/Aa Koprj'i dpira^Oiv avrjXiKto evdaXei ojprj
irapOevov av9o<f>6pov Tvpj3o<; 08' eyKare^^ei.
ij/v)(r) 8* adavaTwv /JovXats €7rtSi;//,tds i(TTiv
a.(TTpOL^, Kat UpOV )((t)pOV €\€L pjOLKapLOV.
237
22 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
The whole of this mortuary inscription is extant. The first four
lines are here transcribed. It was found in Thasos. The date has
not been determined. The contrast between body and soul which
occurs here (11, 1-3) is found as early as Plato (Tim. ^2h-d). A trans-
lation of the portion which is transcribed is as follows: "This tomb
contains within it the body of a girl, a flower-bearing virgin, snatched
away in the tender bloom of immaturity. But the soul by the counsels of
the immortals is sojourning in the stars, and has a sacred, happy abode.''
Liddell and Scott refer to this inscription under the word av6o^6po<i
which they interpret as denoting a flower-bearer in a religious rite.
There is a contrast between awfrn (l.i) and ^vx-q (I.3). The contrast
is not only between the o-wfia and the "Auxv? but also between their places
of abode. The tomb holds the body of the maid, but her soul, by the
counsels of the immortals, is sojourning (cttiSt/zu-ios; cf. Ap. Rh.,
I, 827) among the stars, and has a sacred, happy abode. It thus appears
that this inscription is of a religious character, and that it discloses to
us the conception of the writers as to the existence of the soul after it
has left the body.
As the term /SouXi/ is here used it evidently means counsels, and is
used in an abstract rather than a concrete sense. The latter is usual in
the inscriptions. The usage of ySovXi; in this inscription is of significance
in its bearing upon its usage in the New Testament, because it is here
used in the abstract sense with a meaning similar to that which it has
in the New Testament, and because there is a certain influence or
authority attributed to the counsels (fiovXaC) of the immortals. A
similar conception meets us in the New Testament, where seven out
of the thirteen occurrences of fiovXrj are used of the counsel of God, and
to the counsel of God is ascribed an authority similar to that which
it has in the inscription. The fiovXrj of God has an ethical value, and
expresses an ethical principle, or standard of conduct for man. In
Luke 7 : 30 the vo/jukol are regarded as making a wrong choice morally
when they set aside the fiovXrj of God. In the inscription the ^ovXai
of the immortals are associated with the welfare of a soul, and deter-
mine its place of abode. The fiovXai of the immortals and the /SovAiy
of God are both related to the well-being of the soul.
(13) 1141
2 KaT[aJ \J/rjcf)L(TfJia [/SovX^s Kal Srjfiov.
Only a fragment of this inscription is preserved. There is not one
complete line of the original inscription left. The restoration of fiovXyj
238
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 23
in the line transcribed rests on good authority; it is supported by
comparison with other inscriptions. We are, however, not dependent
upon this restoration for the fact that there was a (3ov\il} at Thasos
where this inscription was found.
(14) 1369
21 Kai ofioaai Tov Sjiy/MOU ov av rj jSouA.?/ avyypdff>rj
Only a part of this inscription is found. There is no means of
telling how much of it has been lost, but only the latter portion of it
now remains. There is but one occurrence of the term fiovXrj in the
extant part of it. It was found at Thasos where it had been built
into the wall of a Byzantine church, and belongs to the year 411 b.c.
It records the revolutionary action of the oligarchical party which in
that year attempted, and for a time successfully, to overthrow the
government of the S^/ios (Thucyd. VIII).
It appears from this inscription that:
a) The oligarchy canceled all special privileges formerly granted
by the 8^fxos (11. 1-4).
b) Rewards were voted to those who had assisted in the revolution
(11. 4-5)-
c) The oligarchy restored to civic rights all those, who had been
exiled by the S^tio<i (11. 5-9).
d) It promised certain honors and immunities to anyone who
would contribute money to the city (11. 9-12).
e) Provision was made in this decree against a counter-revolution
by voting that this decree was to be permanent.
/) This decree was to be inscribed and set up in a public place
(11. 16-17).
g) Copies of the decree were to be inscribed and preserved (11. 17-19).
h) An oath of allegiance to the new government was demanded
(11. 19-21). The line transcribed above reads: "And whomever of
the 8rjfJio<: the /SovXt/ w^rite down shall take the oath." The S^/nos here
referred to (1. 21) was a nominal body of five thousand, created by
the oligarchy, but without any active part in the government. It
must not be confounded with the 8^/i.os mentioned in 1. 2, whose
authority was for a time set aside by the oligarchy.
The term /SovXry is here used with reference to the oligarchy, and
does not have the same connotation as in the other Alacedonian inscrip-
tions. This body which is here called a jSovX-ij was opposed to the
239
24
HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
democratic principles of government for which the ftovXij and the
8^/Lios of other Macedonian cities stood. It appears, therefore, that
the term /JouAtJ does not always carry with it a reference to the kind of
organization for which it stands. It may be applied to political bodies
representing fundamentally different conceptions of government. This
fact may be of importance in considering the different names by which
Josephus designates the Sanhedrin of Jerusalem.
In the Macedonian inscriptions the word fiovXi^, or some form of it,
is found in fourteen inscriptions, and in these it occurs twenty-two
times. In addition to this, the word ySovAevr?;?, which occurs in 744:1,
indicates the existence of a (SovXrj at Olynthus. In two of these inscrip-
tions (668:5; 1140:3) the plural number occurs \nth the meaning of
counsels or plans, and in 37:8 the singular number of the noun is found,
in a prayer, with the same meaning. In every other occurrence of
the word in the inscriptions it is used in its technical sense denoting
one of the civil bodies commonly found in these Macedonian cities,
Edessa (i, 37), Beroea (50, 51, 52), Tzepikobon (258), Thessalonica
(365, 668), Lete (675), Olynthus (744), and in two other cities which
Dimitsas designates as Macedonian, Delos (671) and Thasos (1130,
1140, 1141, 1369).
The time covered by these inscriptions which refer to the fiovXrj
extends from the latter part of the fifth century B.C. to the end of the
second century a.d., and probably later in several instances.
In the following table is given a list of those towns or cities in which
there is mention of a fiovXrj, the number of the inscription, and the date
of each so far as they are known. It will be seen that these cities extend
to every part of Macedonia, and, in point of time, the ^ovXrj is met
with, as a civil or governmental body in these cities during a period
of at least six centuries.
Name of City
No. of Inscription
Date
Thasos
1 1 130
1 II40, II41
I 1369
671
675
258
365
J I
} 37
50, 51,52
744
Preceding the time of
Alexander the Great
Delos
?
411 B.C.
220-215 B.C.
Lete
117 B.C.
Tzepikobon
97 A.D.
Thessalonica
143 A.D.
Edessa
182 A.D.
Beroea
During the Roman period
Olynthus
?
240
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 25
As to the functions of the (SovXt], members of it were frequently
chosen as envoys. At Lete the fiovXrj prepared the TrpofSovXtvfxa, but
the politarchs presented it to the SrjfjLo<: (675:2-3). In Edessa the
young men were formally registered as i^trj^oi by a decree of the (iovXrj
(1:1-6). In Tzepikobon the (SovXrj was convened by the politarchs
(258). It had authority to receive legacies bequeathed to it for the
benefit of the city. The /SovXr; had an officer who acted as treasurer
for it (258). Upon the fiovXrj, sometimes in conjunction with the
8rjfxo<i, rested the responsibility of erecting public statues, setting up
inscriptions, and in general, the care of public documents. They
themselves did not personally take charge of the writing and setting
up of inscriptions, or of the care of public documents, but they directed
the officers who did take charge of all such work.
Thus far we have been considering the functions of the fiovX-q, but
more often the PovXrj and the S^/xos are represented as acting together.
That the ^ovXij had functions distinct from those of the S^/xo? is seen
in the matter of their bringing forward a irpo/SovXcvixa for the considera-
tion of the Srifio^ (675:2-3), but for the most part they are mentioned
as acting together. They seem always to have been associated with
some city, but whether or not their jurisdiction extended beyond their
own local city is not known. They seemed to constitute the final
authority in all civil and political matters.
Two distinct usages of ^ovXrj have been observed in the inscriptions.
The one in which fiovXr] denotes counsel or plan occurs only in three
inscriptions (37:8; 668:5; 1140:3) of a religious character. One of
these (1140:3) is a modern Greek inscription, hence there are only two
instances of this usage which pertain to the New Testament period.
This usage finds a parallel in the common use of the term in the New
Testament. Not only is the meaning of the word the same in both,
but there is also this in common, that the literature in which they occur
is in both cases religious; in one of the inscriptions (37) it is pretty
certainly Christian religious ideas that find expression; in the other
(668) a Greek religious atmosphere forms the background in which
the usage occurs. The difference in the proportion of usages between
the inscriptions and the New Testament is to be accounted for by the
difference of their subject-matter.
The other usage is the one almost invariably found in the inscrip-
tions, that is, with a technical meaning denoting a political body.
The inscriptions are for the most part of an ofiicial character. They
contain records which are of interest to the public, and which are
241
26 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
generally given in a legal formula, and so the prevailing usage of iSouA.17
is, in them, technical.
To this technical Macedonian usage there is a parallel, partial at
least, in Palestinian usage where the chief governing body of the Jews
was called a jiovXr] (Josephus, B. J., II, xv, 6; II, xvi, 2; V, xiii, i).
Before reaching a final conclusion as to how far this parallel usage of
the term ftovXrj denotes political bodies of like character and functions,
it is necessary to examine the term (SovXcvTrjs, and also the terms
ytpovo-ta and avvtBpiov, names by which the governing body of
Jerusalem was designated.
242
I. B. PouXevT-qs
The word /SovXevri/s occurs four times in the Macedonian inscrip-
tions (671:77; 675:3,49; 744:1)-
(i) 671
Kai Sovvai tov ctti tous dycii>v[ajs rrji
75 fJifv avayf)a<f>^t tov arefftdvov kol Trapa .... Ttov i<t( ? )
TTjpo}v rrji avaSiaei Trj<; elK6vo<; ov av [tottoi/] 8d[^j;i]
Tots ^ouAcuTais
The most of this inscription is preserved. The part here transcribed
is sufficient to illustrate the usage of ^ouXcvtt;?. For the place and date
of the inscription, and for the translation and explanation of it see
I. A. (9).
It is seen, from the passage quoted, that the place for the setting-
up of the image was to be chosen by the /SovAevrai. Of the precise
significance of the term ^ouAcuti;? this passage affords us no clear
indication, but it is doubtless safe to assume that here as elsewhere
the term is an official designation denoting a member of the ^ovXij.
The members of the /SouAt/ of Athens were referred to by the term
fiovXtvraL (Arist. Pol. 45. 3). Much additional evidence might be cited
to show that, in Athens, /SouAcurr/s was the term commonly used to
designate a member of the fiovXij. In the Macedonian inscriptions
there are two instances which tend strongly to show that a similar
usage of the term obtained in Macedonia. In 675:2-3 it is stated that
the fiovXevTac drew up the TrpofiovXevfm. In Athens this was a matter
which pertained distinctly to the functions of the fiovXrj. There seems
then to be a high degree of probability that the fiovXtvraL here men-
tioned were the members of the fiovXij of Lete.
In 744:1 reference is made to the fact that a man was twice a
fiovXtvTT]<:. It is well known that in Athens a man was eligible for
membership in the fiovXrj only twice (Arist. 62. 3). The evident inten-
tion in the inscription cited was to show that Bat'/Jios had received the
honor of being appointed a /SouAcvttJs as often as it was permitted any
man to receive that honor. The usage of the term /SovAcurifs in Mace-
donia seems then to accord with that of Athens. In both places it
was used to denote a member of the ftovXrj.
243] 27
28 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
(2) 675
2 ArjraLuyv 01 Tro\t,Ta.p)(ai, 7r/30j8ouAcv(ra/x€-
VU>V TUiV (3ovXtVTU)V, CtTTttV.
49 Kttt elptdrjcrav -rrpf.crfii.vTaX Twv (SovXevTwv
*A8aios 'ASatou, Av(T(ov ^lXwtov, A/iwra? Aie'ou?.
The whole of this inscription is extant, but only the two clauses
containing the term /SowAcutt/s are here transcribed. For the place
to which it belongs and its date see I. A. (10).
In the first reference, quoted above, it is stated that "the ftovXcvrai
having drawn up the 7rpo/?ovAcv/xa, the politarchs of Lete made the
motion." That is, the politarchs introduced, by a formal resolution,
the TTpo^ovXevfjui at a meeting of the iKKXrjaia. In the latter clause,
"the envoys were chosen from the ySovAcuTat," These envoys were
delegated to convey to the Roman treasurer the vote of honor conferred
upon him by the ^ovXrj and the 8^/u.os of Lete. In the discussion of
the preceding inscription it was seen that a /SouXevtt;? was a member
of the /SovAiy. Here it appears that the ^ovXtj or its members, the
fiovXevTat drew up the wpo^ovXtv/jia and that they were chosen as
envoys for the city.
(3) 744
A. Bai/Sios, fiovXevrrji St's.
The whole of this inscription, consisting of five lines, is extant.
The first line is here transcribed. It was found at Olynthus in Macedonia.
The date is not known.
The man whose name appears in this inscription erected a monument
to the memory of his wife. As already pointed out the important
contribution which it makes is in showing that in Macedonia a man
might twice be elected a ^ovXcutt^s, and, by inference from this fact,
that it designates a member of the (iovXr].
It thus appears that, generically, the term has the same meaning
in the inscriptions as in the New Testament, but that the specific
meaning is different. In both cases it is an oflficial designation denoting
a member of a body having governmental functions. But whereas
in the inscriptions this body is the fiovXrj of a Greek city, in the New
Testament it is the highest legislative and judicial body of the Jewish
people, commonly called the Sanhedrin. It may perhaps be regarded
as most probable that the employment of jiovX-q in Josephus, and of
244
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 29
^ovX€VT-q<i in Mark 15:43 for the Jewish Council and one of its members
respectively, is not the reflection of a common usage in Jewish Greek
terminology, but a transfer to a Jewish body and one of its members of
a Greek term which in strict Greek usage had a similar, though not
identical significance, somewhat as if we today should speak of one of
the noXiTapxa-L of Thessalonica as the mayor of the city. And Josephus
may very well in this case be adapting his terminology to the common
vocabulary of his readers.
245
II. yipowici
The term ycpouo-ia occurs twice in the Macedonian inscriptions
(1410:7; 1411:1).
(r) 1410
AyaBrj Tuj(j/
Trjv d^toXoyoiTci-
TTjv dp;(iepe(av
Me/JLfj.iai^ 3eX\r]C-
5 vavfi 'AXc^avSpav to
aefivoTarov aw-
eSpiov T^s yepov-
<rias Tr]V firjTepa
The whole of this inscription is extant and is here transcribed. It
reads as follows: "With good luck, the most august vvvtSpiov erected
this monument in honor of the most noteworthy high priestess Memmia
Belleina Alexandra, the mother of the yepovaia, farewell."
In 1883 Mr. and Mrs. J. Theodore Bent discovered in Thasos a
triumphal arch in front of which there stood two pedestals. On the
southern base, on which a statue of more than life-size was placed, this
inscription was found. As to its date Dimitsas says: "dn/xet cis toi'
i8' . . . . y' alwva fi. X." (MaK., II, 965, n. 1410). E. L. Hicks
dates it within 212-17 a.d. {Jour. Hell. Studies, VIII, 1887, 424).
There is nothing given here to indicate that the ycpovona was
different, as respects its functions, from the ^ovXrj of the other inscrip-
tions. The earlier inscriptions found in Thasos designated the govern-
mental body by the term ftovXrj, even when that council was an oligarchy
similar to the ytpovaui of Sparta. Apparently the yepova-ta here
referred to is the same body that at an earlier period was called ftovXrj,
the two names being interchangeable at this time.
(2) 1411
2 H yepov<Tia
The whole of this mortuary inscription is extant, containing twelve
lines, in the second of which the term ytpovaria occurs. It belongs to
30 [246
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N,T, 31
the same time and place as the preceding inscription. The translation
is as follows: "With good luck. The yepovaia erected this monument
to Flavia Vibia Sabina the most noteworthy chief priestess and from
her ancestors incomparable, mother of the yepovcria, the first and only
one of those who from all time shared in equal honors with the members
of the yepouo-t'a."
Here again the ycpoxxria is exercising the functions which were
generally attributed to the /SovAi;, or to the (iovXrj and the 8^/i.os.
In Sparta the ycpovma was a council of twenty-eight members,
besides the two kings (Hdt. 6. 57; Plut. Lye. 5). Membership in it
was limited to a certain class, that is to persons possessing a good social
and financial standing, and the age required for admission to it was at
least sixty years (Plut. Lye. 26). Candidates for admission to it must be
KoXol Koyadoi (Arist. Pol. 2. 9, 22, 46, Newman's ed.). Membership
was for life. The body was not accountable to any superior authority, or
to the people for its oflficial acts (Arist. Pol. 2. 9; Plut. Lye. 26; Polyb. 6.
45. 2). In the middle of the fourth century B.C. Demosthenes, in writing
concerning the y€povaia of Sparta, pointed out that certain qualifications
were necessary for membership in it; membership in it was bestowed
as a prize, or reward of merit and that within the yepovaia itself all
the members shared equal privileges. Miiller compares the Council
of the Areopagos to the ytpovaia of Sparta — "Daher die Sittenauf-
sicht der alten Gerichte, wie des Areopagos in Athen, so der Gerusia
zu Sparta" (Miiller, Dorier, II, xi, 215). He also adds: "Die
Gerusia richtete alle peinlichen Klagen, wie auch die meisten, die
den Lebenswandel der Burger betrafen." A list of members of the
yepovaia is given by Le Bas in his Voyage en Grhce et en Asie Mineure,
p. 173a.
The yepova-ia had authority to pass sentence of death, and to it
as a court of justice all cases of murder were brought. Aristotle in
referring to the cases which come before the ephors for judgment says,
oi 8c ye'povTcs rots <^ovtKas (Arist. Pof. 3. I. lo). There is evidence for
the existence of a ytpovaria at Ephesus, Crete, Elis, and Cnidus.
Sometimes the terms ^ovXtj and yepova-ia occur in the same inscrip-
tion in such a way that it is difficult to decide whether both refer to the
same body, or whether they point to the existence of a ^ovXrj and a
ytpovaia side by side. Owing to the occurrence of both words CIG,
1 241 Boeckh concludes {CIG, I, p. 610) that they denote different
bodies, while Foucart regards the two as identical. In general, however,
the terms PovXr] and yt/oovcrta are used with reference to different
247
32 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
cities, and denote political bodies differing as to their organization
and possessing somewhat different functions.
During the Greek period the governing body at Jerusalem was
called a ycpovo-ta. In a letter written by Antiochus the Great to
Ptolemy in 200 B.C. the following reference to the ytpovaia occurs:
Koi fiera rrj^ yepov(TLa<; diravTrjaavTiDV (Jos., Ant., XII, iii, 3) — "Since the
Jews, on our first entrance into their country, showed their friend-
ship toward us, and when we came to their city received us in a splendid
manner and came to meet us with their yepouo-i'a." Antiochus V,
in a letter to the Jews in 164 B.C., sends greetings to the yepovata rdv
'louSatW (II Mace. 11:27): "King Antiochus to the yepovdia of the
Jews and to the other Jews, greeting."
The following quotations will illustrate the position of prominence
held by the yepovcrca and in part the functions which it exercised:
II Mace. 1 : 10: Kal ol iv rfj 'lovSat'a koX rf yepovaia kol 'louSas 'ApicrTojSovXw
— "And they who are in Judea, and the yepovaia and Judas, to
Aristobulus."
II Mace. 4:44: 01 Trefx(f}0£VTC^ Tpets avS/aes v-rro t^s ytpovo-ias — "the
three men who were sent by the yt/aovo-ta."
I Mace. 12:6: 'Iwva^av apxiepevs tov c^vous kol rj yepovaca — "Jona-
than the high priest of the nation, and the ytpovorCa, and the priests
and the rest of the people of the Jews, unto their brethren the
Spartans, greeting."
Judith 4:8: Koi ri ycpovaia Travros 8»//xou 'lapai^X — "And the chil-
dren of Israel did as Joakim the high priest had commanded them and the
y€pov(ria of all the people of Israel, who dwelt at Jerusalem."
Judith 11:14: TTjv a</)£(nv Trapa t^s ye/jouo-tas — "And they have sent
some to Jerusalem, because they also that dwell there have done this
thing, to bring to them the discharge from the yc/Douo-ia."
Judith 15:8: Kal 17 ytpovala twv vlwv 'lapayk — "And Joakim the high
priest, and the yepovcria of the children of Israel who dwelt at Jerusalem
came to behold the good things which the Lord had showed to Israel."
As early as Antiochus the Great the council at Jerusalem was known
as the ycpouo-ta, and took an active part in all political, and religious
matters of public interest. From 200 B.C., and possibly earlier, Greek
writers were accustomed to speak of this Jewish Council as the yepovaia.
The earliest definite reference to it is that of Antiochus in 200 B.C. It
is quite probable that this body at Jerusalem owed its organization to
the spread of Greek political ideas, and that the name yepovo-ia was
first applied to it by the Greeks, but on both of these points there is a
248
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 33
lack of trustworthy evidence. At all events, the name yepova-ta was
not peculiar to the Jewish people. The Spartans and other Doric
states had from very early times been familiar with a ycpoucna.
In the Septuagint the word yepouo-t'a has been used twenty-five
times as a translation for "'ppT , and once for "'321 , but this does not
imply that there was any such organization of the elders in the Old
Testament period as we find in the second century B.C.
In 200 B.C. when Antiochus the Great addressed a letter to the
ycpouo-ta at Jerusalem the terms fiovXrj and yepova-ta were both familiar
to Greek writers. The fSovXi^ of Athens and the yepovaia of Sparta
were two well-known political bodies, each having marked characteristics
of its own. The term of office in the ^ovXrj of Athens was one year, and
its members were subject to examination for their official conduct.
In the yepovaia of Sparta membership was for life, and was independent
of any other authority.
The ^ovKrj of Athens was composed of five hundred members
and a man was eligible for membership in it at thirty years of age
(Xen. Mem. i. 2. 35). As to the yepovaia of Sparta, a man must be at
least sixty years old before he was admitted to it, and the number of
its members was limited to twenty-eight. In other cities the number
varied, but it was always small. It appears then that the /SouXt; was
the more democratic organization, and the yepova-ia the more aristocratic
and exclusive.
That the governmental body at Jerusalem was, at this early date,
called a yepovaia seems to indicate that it was more closely related,
in its organization and functions, to the Doric yepovaia than to the
^ov\rj of Athens. The historical development of the Council at
Jerusalem tends to confirm this view.
About the middle of the first century B.C. a change seems to have
occurred in the name of this council. In 57-55 B.C. Gabinius divided
the whole of the Jewish tOvoi into live o-woSoi (B. J., I, viii, 5), one
of which was at Jerusalem. What Gabinius really did at this time is
more clearly stated in Ant., XIV, v, 4, where it is said that he divided
TO €dvo<: into equal parts or divisions and appointed live awiSpia, one
of which was to be in Jerusalem. The term aweSpiov is here applied
by Josephus to the council at Jerusalem, as well as to the other four.
This is the language in which Josephus describes what Gabinius did,
but it is not thereby necessarily the terminology of Gabinius himself.
We cannot therefore affirm that the council at Jerusalem was designated
as a avvfSpiov by Gabinius.
249
34 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
In 47 B.C. Hyrcanus II was reappointed iOvdpxrj<; of the Jews at
Jerusalem. In that year he summoned Herod from Galilee to appear
before the trweSpiov at Jerusalem to answer an accusation of murder
which had been made against him (Jos., Ant., XIV, ix, 3-5). Here,
for the first time, so far as can be learned, the term o-wcS/aiov is unmis-
takably used to designate the council at Jerusalem, formerly known
as the yepovaia, for it is uncertain whether Gabinius himself used the
term at the earlier date.
Elsewhere a-wiBpiov is frequently used to denote courts of justice.
Hesychius defines trweSptov by SiKaarTrjpiov. In Prov. 22:10, o-wc'Sptov is
used to translate y^ . In the Mishna, Sanhedrin I. 5, D^til'JJb nVnriDD
= " courts for the tribes." The employment of a-wtBpLov to denote
this council at Jerusalem may tend to show that there was a growing
emphasis placed upon the judicial functions of the Council. In this
connection it is important to observe that Le Bas et VVaddington {Inscr.
Ill, n. 1221) mention the ^ovXevrai and the trwcSpoi as two distinct
classes of officers. While, from the beginning of the first century
B.C. (TvveBpiov seems to be the usual name for the Council at Jerusalem,
yet it is not the only name by which it was designated. It was also
called the ytpowla and the fiovXrj.
The term yepovo-ta occurs only once in the New Testament (Acts
5:21), and there has been much difference of opinion as to its meaning
in that passage. The difficulty there arises from the fact that both
(Tvvihpiov and yepovma are used, connected by Kat. Either one of
these words, if occurring by itself, would be readily understood as
referring to the Sanhedrin. As it is, however, commentators are unable
to agree as to its meaning here. Some of the passages already quoted
under ycpovaia may afford some light on its meaning in Acts, which
reads: to avveBpcov koI Tratrav rrjv ytpovaiav roiv viwv IcrpafjX. A
phrase similar to the latter half of this occurs in Judith 15: 8, 17 ytpova-ia
Tciv vlwv 'la-parjk where it is evidently used as a designation for the
Sanhedrin. A somewhat similar phrase, referring to the Sanhedrin
is found in II Mace. 11:27, rrj yepova-ia Twv 'lovSatW. These phrases
show that so far as the form of expression in Acts is concerned, yepova-Mv
TWV vlSiv 'I(rparj\ may denote the Sanhedrin. Meyer, Stier, Afford
and others regard yepoucrta, in Acts, as a more general term than
crvviBpLov, and include under it elders who were not members of the
Sanhedrin. Lumby, in the "Cambridge Bible" series, takes o-we'Sptov
as referring to another and smaller council than the Sanhedrin. Wendt
takes both words as denoting the same council, with the Kat' as an
250
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 35
explicative. Schiirer thinks that both words certainly refer to the same
body, and that either kul is to be taken as an explicative, or that the
author of the Acts was mistaken in supposing that aweSpiov was a
less comprehensive term than ytpovaia. He inclines to accept the
latter view.
Inasmuch as it has been shown that awiZpLov was, at this time,
the name commonly used to designate the Sanhedrin, and that yepovaia,
in almost the same phraseology as that used in the New Testament,
was used to denote the Sanhedrin, there seems to be a high degree of
probability in favor of the view that both terms denote the Sanhedrin
in Acts. In addition to the above statement regarding the yepova-Ca
it is seen in the inscriptions (1410:7; 1411:2) that it was used to denote
the governmental body of a city as late as the beginning of the third
century a.d.
As respects the term o-uve'Spiov it is found only once in the inscrip-
tions (1410:6). For place and date and translation of this inscription
see II. (i). It may there have one of two possible meanings. Either
it was used to denote assembly in the general sense of that term, or
it was used in the technical sense denoting the governmental body of
the city. The former alternative, taking it in the more general sense,
is apparently the correct interpretation.
In the first mention which we have of crvvtSpiov as a name for the
Council at Jerusalem it is with reference to its exercising the functions
of a court of justice, and in later times it is used with increasing fre-
quency to designate a court of justice. In the New Testament it
occurs twenty-two times, and, in all but three instances, it is used of
the Council at Jerusalem in its exercise of judicial functions. Twice
it is used of the local courts (Matt. 10:17; Mark 13:9), and once it
occurs with the meaning of a session or a meeting of the Sanhedrin
(John 11:47).
Notwithstanding this almost uniform usage of the New Testament
it is seen that Josephus uses all three terms, /3ovX-q, yepovaia, and
a-vviSpLov to denote the Sanhedrin. Under the term fiovXij he refers
to it in (l) B. J., II, XV. 6: Koi fieTairepuf/dfJievos tovs T£ ap)(up€U
Kal Trfv ^ovXrjv. Here, Florus, the Roman procurator at Jerusalem,
sent for the priests and the ftovXrj to arrange terms of peace. (2) B. J.,
II, xvi. 2: iv6a Kal 'louSai'wv ol re dp\up{x<; dfia Tots SvvaTOis koL rj
(3ovXt) Traprjv Stiiovfiivr) tov ^aiXea. On this occasion the chief priests,
together with the men of power, and the fiovX-^ came to meet
Eang Agrippa and Neopolitanus, a Roman envoy, to present to them
251
36 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
their grievances against Florus. (3) In B. J., II, xiv. i, the local courts
are referred to under the term fiovX^. In B. J., II, xvii. i, the term
^ovXivrai is used with reference to the Sanhedrin. (4) In B. J., V,
xiii, I, the ypafifxarexk of the ftovXi] was put to death by Simon during
the war with Rome. This has an additional interest for us in the fact
that it shows the existence of the office of ypa/i/iarcvs of the fiovXrj in
Jerusalem.
The term ycpouo-ux occurs, at least, three times in Josephus: Ani.,
IV, viii. 16: at a/ax*^' ''"'^^ ttoXcwv . , . . , Kal ^ yepovcria .... 01
le/9ci9 Kal ol Acvtrai Kal 17 yepov<7ta t^? ttoXcws eKCtvi;?. This passage
states that if a murder had been committed, and the murderer
could not be found, that the apxaC and the yepovaia of the nearest
adjoining cities or towns were required to measure the distance, from
where the murdered man was found, to these cities, and the one nearest
to where the murdered man lay was then required to perform the follow-
ing rite: The icpets, the Aevlrai and the yepovaia were to wash their
hands over the head of a slain heifer, and publicly proclaim them-
selves innocent of the blood of the dead man. From this it appears
that each city had a -ycpovtrta, and that the yepovma in these cities
had to deal with judicial matters, and with religious rites. In this
instance the ycpovo-ta is represented as co-operating with other officers
in trying to determine who was responsible for the murder, but it is
not, strictly speaking, acting in a judicial capacity. In Ant. XII,
iii, 3, Antiochus is calling attention to the good-will shown to him by
the Jews, who with their yepovaia came out to meet him. The para-
graph in Ant., XIII, v. 8 is of special interest to us in this discussion
inasmuch as the ^ouX^ of Rome, the yepovma of Jerusalem, and the
yepov<Tia of Sparta are all mentioned. Two envoys (Trpeo-^cuTat),
members of the yepova-ia of Jerusalem, were sent to Rome in 144 B.C.
to renew a treaty made under Onias I, and they were to go on a similar
errand to Sparta. At Rome these envoys were received by the fiovXrj,
and at Sparta by the yepouo-ta. All three of these bodies, the /SouXi;
of Rome, the yepouo-ta of Sparta and the yepova-Ca of Jerusalem are
represented as acting in a political capacity, each having authority
to arrange treaties for their respective cities. The sending of this
embassy took place about a century before there is any explicit mention
of a orvviBpLov at Jerusalem, or more accurately, before the Council
at Jerusalem is called by that name. At that time yepouo-ta was the
common name for the Council at Jerusalem, and Josephus in describing
the event may be using the terms which were used in 144 B.C.
252
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 37
Josephus also refers to the Sanhedrin under the term <rvv(8ptov:
Ant., XIV, ix. 3-5, «i fJ-V trporepov KoxoKpiBurj tovto rradiiv viro tov
o-uvcSpi'ou. The authority to pass the sentence of death is here ascribed
to the (TvvihpLov of Jerusalem. In the two paragraphs following this
one the word awihpiov occurs eight times denoting the Sanhedrin of
Jerusalem, and once the plural is used with reference to the members
of the Sanhedrin. In Ant., XV, vi, 2, it is implied that the crwihpiov
at Jerusalem had authority to pass sentence of death upon a criminal.
In Ant., XX, ix, i, the word <rvvihpiov occurs twice, with reference to
its passing sentence of death upon James the Just. But it appears
that this sentence could not be executed without the consent of the
Roman procurator, Albinus, and it happened on this occasion that
Albinus revoked the sentence of death passed by the (rvviZpiov of
Jerusalem.
In Josephus, as well as in the New Testament, the term awihpiov
denotes the Sanhedrin acting in a judicial capacity, and never as a
legislative or civic body. This coincidence is all the more remarkable
inasmuch as Josephus uses other terms, /SovXi/ and yipovaia. to denote
the Sanhedrin exercising political or governmental functions. This
investigation tends to show that the term (rvvihpiov as it was employed
in the New Testament period to designate the council at Jerusalem,
was used with reference to it as a judicial body, and that when this
council was referred to as exercising civic or governmental functions
it was commonly called the fiovXri or the yipovcrCa. It seems to be
highly probable that from about the middle of the first century B.C.
the name <TvviZpiov became the common designation for the council
at Jerusalem, but the earlier name, ytpovala, still survived side by
side with the new, with perhaps a more distinct reference to its legislative
functions.
253
ill.
5t]|JL0S
The word S^/xos is found in sixteen of the Macedonian inscriptions,
and in these it occurs thirty-seven times, or including five restorations
by the editor, forty-two times. The following table gives a list of the
inscriptions containing 817/ios, the name of the city to which each
belongs, and their respective dates. In some instances the dates are
given only approximately, as the exact date cannot always be ascer-
tained. Further investigation may also change some of the dates
which are here accepted.
No. of
Inscription
Name of
City
Date of Inscription
50
Beroea
52
36s
Thessalonica
143 A.D.
371
Delos
220-215 B.C.
672
"
" " ■'
67s
Aivati
117 B.C.
847
Amphipolis
358-357 B.C.
927
a
Probably the early part of the Roman era
1080
Ocra
Uncertain, probably before the Roman period
1085
"
1130
Thasos
Before the time of Alexander the Great
1338
"
Between 42 B.C. and 27 B.C.
1339
<<
First century a.d.
1340
" " "
1369
411 B.C.
It thus appears that five of the cities of Macedonia had a ^^Ji■o^,
or seven if we, with Dimitsas, include Delos and Thasos, As to the
period of time covered by these inscriptions they extend from the last
part of the fifth century B.C. to the first half of the second century
A.D., and perhaps later.
In the treatment of the word ^ovXrj, the relation of the fiovXrj to the
8rjiMo<i was discussed. It there appeared that the fSovXyj had certain
functions pertaining to it as a distinct body, but that more often the
^ovXij and the SiJ/aos were represented as acting together in the transac-
tion of public matters. On other occasions official action is attributed
to the Srjfxo^ alone. The functions of the Srjfxoq in so far as they appear
in these inscriptions are as follows:
38 [254
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 39
1. The SrjfjLo<i was the highest political authority in city or state.
In 255:10-14 the action of the fiovKrj on this occasion seems to have
had the force of a motion or a proposition, according to modern ter-
minology. It was introduced at a meeting of the S^juos in the form of
a resolution, and carried with it the recommendation of the /SouAiy, but
it did not become an authoritative decree until the 8^/u.os had voted
upon it.
2. The S^/Aos had authority to pass decrees honoring benefactors
of the city (671:12-19).
3. At Thessalonica the 8j}/aos chose the place where the statue
was to be erected (671:38-41).
4. The S^/xos at Thasos (in 411 B.C.) had authority to grant exemp-
tion from taxation (1369: 1-2), and to punish by exile (1369: 5). These
decrees of the S^/u,os were repealed by the oligarchy in 411 B.C., but the
supremacy of this revolutionary body was of short duration. Reference
is here made to the S^/xos which was in Thasos before the oligarchy
was established, and not to the 8^/aos appointed by the oligarchical
5. The 8^/u,os at Amphipolis and Ocra erected monuments in honor
of their benefactors, at their own expense (927:4; 1080:2; 1085:1).
6. The S77/AOS of Thasos exercised both judicial and legislative
functions (1369).
The only suggestion as to how the 8^/xos was appointed is to be
found in Thasos (1369 ), where it appears that the ySovAiy was to make out
a list of those who should be permitted to take the oath as members
of the 877/Aos. Inasmuch as this took place during the revolution of
the oligarchy it cannot be assumed that this was the regular order of
procedure. It is seen, however, that the 8^/xos is always associated
with some city of which it is the highest governing body, and with
respect to the fiovXt^ they sustained the same relation to each other
in matters of government as the jSovX-q and the 8^/^os of Athens did
to each other. In Athens it is a well-known fact that the S^/xos included
practically all the citizens of the place. Every adult Athenian was
entitled to attend, and formed part of the body, as in a New England
town meeting (cf. Gilbert, Greek Const. Ant., pp. 285-90). The S^/aos
of the Macedonian cities was in all probability made up in this way.
The citizens thus legislated for themselves, and were not a representative
body.
From the usage of the term Siy/nos in the inscriptions certain facts
are obtained which have a bearing upon the meaning and usage of
255
40 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
this term in the New Testament. It occurs four times in the New
Testament (Acts 12:22; 17:5; 19:30, 33). In Acts 12:22 it pertains
to the city of Caesarea in Palestine; in 17:5 to Thessalonica in Mace-
donia; and in 19:30, 33 to Ephesus in Asia Minor. The Macedonian
inscriptions show that the cities of Macedonia were generally governed
by a body called 6 8r]fio<:. Reference is made in No. 365 to the 8^/«)s
of Thessalonica. Ephesus not being a Macedonian city is not mentioned
here, but there are other inscriptions which make mention of a /SovXi;
and a SrjfKK in Ephesus. Not only do the inscriptions show that a
political body called the 8^/xos existed in Thessalonica and Ephesus,
but they also afford some light as to some of the officers mentioned in
the New Testament.
The politarchs are associated with the high priest in such a way as to
suggest that they were colleagues, but that the high priest was in some
manner their superior officer. The statement is made (365) that certain
things were done for the /3ov\i/ and the S^/xos by the politarchs irepl t6v
apxi-€pea. Both the politarchs and the high priest were subordinate,
or subject to the authority of the S>//xos. They were both officers of
the city.
The accusation against Paul and Silas in Thessalonica was political.
They had violated certain civic laws and so were answerable to the city
tor their conduct. The intention seems to have been to bring them to
the S^/Aos for judgment, but failing to find Paul and Silas, they arrested
Jason, together with some of the brethren, for having given shelter to
Paul and Silas. Jason was brought to the politarchs for trial. Evi-
dently it was to the politarchs as public officers under the 8r}fio<; that
Jason was summoned. They were judicial officers of the S^/aoc, that
is of the Srjfio^ as a political body. There seems to be a strong proba-
bility that the term Si7;ao? in Acts 17:5 has its technical meaning denoting
a governmental body.
In favor of the technical meaning in Acts 19:30, 33 it is seen from
the inscriptions: (i) that one of the regular places of meeting for the
8^/xos was the theater (with Acts 19:29 cf. CIA, II, 378, 381, 392,
403, 408, 435, 439, 454, 468, 471); (2) that all matters of interest to
the city were to be disposed of, either at a regular session of the S^/ao?
or at a meeting specially called, in case of emergency (cf. Gilbert,
Greek Const. Ant., pp. 285-87); therefore the purpose for which the
S^/ios is assembled on any occasion was legislative or judicial; (3) the
usual name for an assembly of the S^/u,os was IkkXtjctui. (198, 255, 671).
The meeting of the 8^/xos in Ephesus is designated as an fKKXrjata,
256
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 41
but by implication an unlawful iKKXrjaia (Acts 19:32, 39, 41). In this
case we must understand that it was an irregular meeting of the 8r}/jLo<:,
not convened in any regular order.
Most of the reasons given for interpreting S^/xos in a technical sense
in Acts, chaps. 17 and 19 would apply to its usage in Acts 12: 22. The
data furnished by the inscriptions tend to confirm the interpretation
of S7JU09 in Acts as a technical term denoting a political body.
257
IV. 6ia6T|K'n'
(i) 128
'HpaKkCS-qi ' AcrKXrjTTia.-
80V tcpevs T^s deov
Kara St[aJ^7;[KTj]v ck-
cXtvatv.
The whole of this inscription is extant and is here transcribed. It
was found in Janitza (UiWrj). The date is not known, but there is
nothing in the inscription itself to suggest a late date.
The priest of the goddess provided Kara 8ui$riKYiv for something
to be done. In many of the Macedonian monumental inscriptions
the object of the verb is omitted when that object is the tomb or monu-
ment on which the inscription is written. It is more frequently omitted
than mentioned in such cases. In the above inscription the object
of the verb if stated would be some word or words concerning the erection
of the monument. There is no express mention here of the disposition
of property, though the natural inference is that when the testator
commanded that certain things should be done that he provided the
money necessary for doing it.
(2) 258
K(at) $tA.a)vos TOt) Kdvwvos ■noLrjua.fx.ivov X6yov<i 7re/o(i) M. Ovtriov <i>tAa)-
V09 Tov OcLOV K(al) Trpoo-avyctAavTos on K(at) 7rp(a(r]v) rrjv lavTOv 7raT/j(t8a)
(Teifi-qae /xcyoAws K(at) tcXcvtw ov8i •njs Kara ttjv /SovX-rjv Te(i)/A7}s rjfXiXi]-
aev, dXX' dcfyrJKCv avry Kara SiaOi^KrjV A': a<f>: e^' w Ik tu>v Kar iviavTov
f$ avTW y€LvofX€voiV TOKuiv rifxipav dyovcra OveTTLOv BwAavov eopraai/xov ev-
0i)(rJTaL Tij npo ScKaTeo-crapwv KaXavBoiv Noe/AjSptwv, iSoitv rrj fiovXrj tt^v tov
dvSpos aeiMvoTrjTa K[al) (iovX-qcriv aTroSe^aaOai iiri re rats wtt' arrov Kara Trjv
ScaOi^Krjv yeypaixfX(.vaL<; alpeaecriv to rapyvpiov Aa/Jetv /cat Kar' tviarrov ayctv
TTjV TOV OveTTLOV BoiXavov eopTaaip-ov tK twv tokwv rjfxtpav Kut p-r^rt Ton
irpoyeypap.p.€Vov K€<j>aXaiov airavaXiaKuv tl cts irtpav ■)(p(.iav p-yjTf- rov Kar
ivLavTov yivopivov tokov, dAA' d)5 6 Sows <J>tXwv rjOiXrjcrev, to Tapyvpiov
rjpi.6p.ri<jaT0 KoX TTapiXafif.v 6 CTn/xcAi^Tr/s t<ov ttJs ^ouAiJs Syjvapiwv Aovkios
AovKpi]Tio<; HovS-qi.
' For a thorough discussion of the tenn diad-fjKrj see F. O. Norton, Lexicographical
and Historical Study of Sto^ijKij.
42 [258
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 43
The whole of this inscription is extant, and from 1. 7 to the end is
here transcribed. For the place and date of this inscription see I. (6),
where a translation is also given of II, 9-26.
A longer portion of this inscription is here transcribed because it is
the best example of a Sta^i/Kv; found in the Macedonian inscriptions,
and its importance is enhanced by the fact that it comes so near to
the time when the books of the New Testament were written. From
it we learn that a certain man when dying left to the 0ov\rj, Kara SiadyK-qv,
1,500 denarii, on the condition that from the accruing interest an
annual festival was to be conducted at a stated time. The l^ovXij
voted to accept the money on the conditions named in the Siad-^Kr),
and to use it only as directed by the testator. Express mention is
made (1. lo) of the death of the testator, which is rather unusual,
although it is always assumed that the BiaOrJKr} becomes effective only
on the death of the testator. It is seen that at this time a man could
dispose of a part, at least, of his property to some person or persons
apart from his heir. Property might be transmitted by means of a
8uxdr]Krj. This bequest to the fiovXrj was conditional, and could be
used by the /SovXrj only by carrying out the conditions named in the
SiaOrJK-q. A similar transaction, so far as the city is concerned, takes
place today when a city accepts a gift from Andrew Carnegie agreeing
to fulfil the conditions attaching to the gift. The transaction between
the (BovXtj and the testator was not mutual. The testator took the
initiative, named the recipient or beneficiary, and the conditions attach-
ing to it, and his terms were authoritative.
(3) 281
TO. re-
Kva Tt^ySeptos) KAavStos TipoKXos, Ma^i/u,-
os KAavSto? Acai AtAi'a
6 TLpoKXa rj o"u/x)8ios Kara Sia^i^-
/cas,
Only a part of this inscription is extant, and only that portion of
it is transcribed which contains the term Sta^r/K?;. It was found in a
church in Mpeloboditsa which lies between Prilapos and Stobos. The
date is not known, but the Latin names indicate that it belongs to the
Roman period.
It is said in the inscription that, "Tiberius Claudius Phortius, having
done duty as a soldier in a praetorium, his children, Tiberius Claudius
259
44 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
Proclus, Maximus Claudius and Ailia Procla his wife erected [this
monument,] Kara Sia^T/Kas."
This is a monumental rather than a testamentary inscription.
The purpose of the inscription is to record the fact that the children
of the deceased had erected a monument to the memory of their father
who had been a soldier, but they did this in accordance with the com-
mands of their father as expressed in his SiaOt^kij. The matter of
erecting a monument to the deceased does not seem, in this case, to
have been left to the discretion of his heirs, but was made obligatory
upon them, by the testator in his SiaOrJKrj. The mention of the 8ui6rJKri
is then incidental to the main purpose of this inscription, and is not
a statement regarding the Sux^i/kt; as such.
The two sons and a son's wife are recorded as having erected the
monument. They were in all probability his heirs, although nothing
is said about the disposition of property. That would be aside from
the purpose of the inscription. The plural number of StadrJKrj, which
occurs in 1. 6, does not seem to differ in its meaning from the singular.
The two forms seem to be used interchangeably. That there was at
one time a difference between the singular number of StadrJKrj and
the plural number of it is altogether probable, but that difference is
not apparent in any of these inscriptions.
(4) 348
'lovXios {xal) ®r)iyovo^
UottXCw ^pov
riv- TU) TTttTpw-
<ti Kara rov d\tXov\ op-
c Kiaftov T^v 8ia6rj-
KTjs Tov fio}fibv
?KTt<7aV Kol TO. Bti-
a auTw «7rotiy(rav.
The whole of this inscription is extant, and is transcribed. It was
found in the house of Chrestos Sabba in Achrida, which lies to the north
of the earlier town of Lychnidus, which was the chief town of the
Dasaretae in Illyricum. The Roman names occurring in it indicate
that it belongs to the Roman period. It reads as follows: "Julius and
Theigonus for Poplius Frontinus their father built the altar and
performed the sacred rites according to the divine adjuration of the
Sia^i^KT/."
260
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 45
The purpose of the inscription seems to be to record the fact that the
sons have fulfilled their obligation to their deceased father, in accordance
with the solemn injunction imposed upon them in the SulOt^kyj. These
commands enjoined by the testator upon his heirs seem to have
authority, and are in all probability conditions which they must fulfil
before they can enter upon the inheritance, as in the case of the property
left to the fiovXi^ of Tzepikobon. They have the force of an authori-
tative command, and were not to be lightly disregarded by the son or
heir. This inscription tends to show that the sons were expected and
required to maintain the religious duties of the deceased parent, and
that a man might make provision in his Sta^i/Kr; for the perpetuation
of the obligations resting upon his family.
(5) 369
6 €K Sia6r]KU)v 'EpcvvtTov
Only a part of this inscription is extant, in a very fragmentary
condition. For a description of it, and for its place and date see under
I. (7) where an inscription referring to the same time and event is
described, or, more accurately perhaps, they are both copies of the same
original. See Jour. Hell. Studies, VIII, 1887, 362.
Although the details of this transaction cannot be obtained, yet
it is reasonably certain that a bequest was made in favor of the city of
Thessalonica, for the establishing of certain games. The preposition
« occurs here before BiaOrjKdv, instead of the more usual construction
of Kara with the accusative, but apparently with little difference in
meaning.
The word ButOrjKrj occurs in five of these inscriptions, in one of
which it is found twice. These inscriptions in which SiaOrJKr] occurs
either relate to the duties of children to their deceased parents, or have
reference to bequests made to some city, and so have a public interest.
They were not intended to set forth the Siadi^Kr} itself, or even to describe
it as such. They afford, however, considerable indirect evidence as
to the character of the Biad-qKrj.
There is only one explicit reference to the disposition of property
(258), and in that case mention of the bequest is made subordinate to
the purpose for which it was given. The main feature of the huiSrjKrj,
as here presented, is that it gives to the children or legatees certain
specific and binding commands which they are required to fulfil. It
has been seen that the children were solemnly adjured in the 8ia6r]Krj
261
46 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
to perform the sacred rites to their deceased father. I am uncertain
whether this expression implies that these rites were observed by the
sons as worship to their father, or whether it means that they per-
formed the rites for their father, in his interest. In two instances
it is the city which is placed under obligation to carry out the wishes
of the testator. There seems to be a strong probability that these
injunctions had in every case a religious significance, and had to do
with the perpetuation of the family life. The most noticeable feature
of the SLaOrJKTj as it appears in the Macedonian inscriptions is that it
always contains certain injunctions or commands which are to be exe-
cuted after the decease of the person who gave them, and that these
requirements are imposed without consulting the persons who are to
execute them.
The discussion of the difficult question as to what sense or senses
the word bears in the New Testament lies outside the scope of this
paper. It must suffice to remark concerning the BiadrJKTj of these
inscriptions:
1. That it is testamentary rather than contractual. It is not a
mutual compact to which both parties give assent, mutually contracting
to do certain things, but the act of one person giving charges to another,
or bestowing property on another, or both of these. The initiative
is always taken by the one person.
2. The thing enjoined in the SiadTQKrj is apparently always to be
executed after the decease of the testator. His death is seldom explicitly
mentioned, but is always assumed as the terminus a quo of the enjoined
act.
3. When property is bequeathed it may be accompanied by a charge
to be fulfilled, and in such a way that the commission must be accepted
in order to obtain the property (258). It is not clear that these injunc-
tions always have a relation to the obtaining of a bequest. The injunc-
tions laid upon children of the testator seem to be imperative, but
perhaps in all these cases some property is left to the sons.
4. The usage of the term had-qK-q in the inscriptions is similar to
its usage in the Old and the New Testaments in that the initiative is
always taken by one person. In the scriptures it is God who takes
the initiative, and in the inscriptions it is the testator. In both there
is some disposition made. It is also similar in that, in both, certain
duties are enjoined upon the children or heirs. The one making the
ZiadrjK-q always assumes the right to command, and to withhold his
bequest if the conditions attached to it are not fulfilled.
262
V. 86Y|Jia
(i)
6 Kara to Soyfxa Trj<; /?ouA.^s
For place and date, and translation of the inscription from which
this phrase is transcribed see I. (i). According to this inscription an
enrolment of the names of those who had become i4>r}(ioi during a
certain year was made by a 8oy/xa of the ^ovXrj. The term 8oy/xa is
here used in a technical sense, and denotes an official decree.
(2) 217
— firjSk 8oy-
fia Tivl 8180VI ■TTOXlTCiaS 7] )(^pij(T€-
WS TOiV Sr)IX.O(TLU)V,
'Eav 8k Trj . . . .
40 iro\iiTdp\r) Kul 8oy/i.a
. . . Srjfiocna,
45 TOVTO TO 86yfia I-
So^c Tu) SieVovTi
T^v iirap-
Xt-av lovvt'tt* Pov<f)Lvu) Slo.
All of this inscription is extant except the last four lines, of which
only a word or two remain, but the extant portion is badly mutilated.
Only the immediate contexts in which the word Soy/xa occurs are tran-
scribed. It was found in Idranitzi, and belongs to Orestis, which lies
about one hundred miles to the west of Thessalonica. Sakellarios
who first published it assigns it to the reign of Hadrian (i 17-138 a.d.).
It is a decree passed by the ttoXltul and the 7roA.iTa/Jxr;s regarding
the right of possession to certain lands, "concerning which those who
hold them in possession formerly made a compact giving them up and
handing them over to the state; but now the more powerful men of
the eparchy are driving out by violence the poor, which is not lawful
for them" (11. 9-18). The decree provides that the land shall remain
in the possession of the Orestae to whom it formerly belonged, and that
263] 47
48 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
"the politarch holding office for the year shall have charge of these
things, to cast out and to hinder those using violence" (11. 34-39).
Beginning at the middle of 1. 45 it reads: "this Sdy/na was decreed by
Junius Rufinus who is filling the office of eparch."
This Soyixa is an authoritative protest on the part of the people
against certain acts of injustice which deprived them of their lands.
It discloses the fact that the citizens had a right to legislate for them-
selves; the government was not in the hands of an aristocracy. LI. 39-
44 seem to provide against a decree which shall annul or in any way set
aside the decree passed by the politarch and the citizens.
(3) 258
3 8dy/x(a)T0S av(a)ypa<}>rj rrj id tov Aaiat'ov firjvo<i
The whole of this inscription is extant, and the phrase containing
the word 8dy/u,a is transcribed. For place and date of this inscription,
and a translation of a portion of it see under I. (6).
The line transcribed above relates that the Sdy/xa was inscribed on
the eleventh of the month Daisies in the year 243. By this Soyfia of
the PovXt^ a bequest to the city was accepted. The term Boyfw. is
here employed in its ordinary technical meaning, denoting an official
decree.
(4) 398
4 ovK i^vyov Sc 86yfia to
Toto'i /ttVots
The whole of this inscription is extant, but only the clause contain-
ing the term 86yfia is transcribed. It was found in the modem town of
KoXXi-KouAc, but where and when it was first written does not seem
to be known. It reads thus: "My parents called me Droson, always
rejoicing with gentle heart, but I knew a short light of life, and escaped
not the decree of the fates, and I passed seventeen years of life, but now
I lie in Hades sharing neither good nor evil."
Generically the term Sdy/ta seems to have the same usage here as
in the other inscriptions, but whereas in those it denotes the authorita-
tive decree of a governmental body, it here denotes a decree of the fates,
which is absolute and binding.
The term 8dy/xa is found in four of the Macedonian inscriptions,
and occurs six times in all. Twice it is used of a decree of the fiovXr}
(i, 258); once of a decree by the voXirai, and the TroXLrdpxrji (217);
264
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 49
twice with reference to a decree by an individual acting in an official
capacity (217 : 28-32; 39-41) and once it is used of a decree by the fates.
The usage of the term Soyfxa in the inscriptions is parallel to that
of the New Testament, in which it occurs five times, four times in the
plural number (Acts 16:4; 17:7; Eph. 2:15; Col. 2:14), and once
in the singular (Luke 2:1). In Luke 2:1 and Acts 17:7 the Soyfia is
issued by an individual, a ruler. In Acts 16:4 the decrees (Soy/xara)
are from the apostles and elders together with the whole church at
Jerusalem. Their action on this occasion is regarded by the writer
of the Acts as an authoritative utterance. A position of authority
over other Christians was ascribed to the leaders and the church at
Jerusalem. Specifically it is different from the authority attributed
to the ftovXyj of a Greek city, but generically, the authority ascribed to
the Soyfia is the same in both instances.
In Eph. 2: 15 the statutes referred to are those found in the Mosaic
law, which were currently regarded as coming from God through Moses,
and as possessing divine authority. When reference is made to the
decrees or statutes of the Mosaic code the plural denotes a group or
body of statutes, but when the reference is to the decrees of the elders
and apostles it denotes the several commands issued by them.
It appears then that underlying the usage of this term, both in the
inscriptions and in the scriptures, there is the idea of an authoritative
utterance. It is also a matter of interest to know that 8oy/na was not
used of decrees made by the Athenian iKKXrjoria. They were called
il/rj<{>t(TfxaTa.
265
VI. SoKCiO
198
3
Jlido^ev TT] povAij Kai tw oij/iw
6
[cJlTC <f)6pOV SoKCl TaTTeH/ TOI/ ^/AOV ttVT-
uc]a fxaXa,
18
eitrtlv 8e ITcpStV/ca oTt 8o»c€[t Stxa-
lov] eivai
32
*E8o^cv T17 ySovXg Kai Tti> 8i;/x,-
48
Ti[ av So-
le]^ [o^ijov eivai Trepl McdinvaCtav,
56
•ESa-
199
S
i8o$€ rrj fiovXrj Kai toJ
S^/iA<<> ....
217
2A «So^e TO) Tc TToXctTapx!?
KOt TOis TToXetrais 6fioyvu>fiovov-
<r»*
j^c TovTo TO Soyfta f-
So^e T<5 SieVovTi T^v iirap-
\ljav 'lovvim 'Pou<^tva)
255
4 "ESo^cv T^i ^ovXrJL Kai TWi S77/1WI,
12 OTt 80KC1 T^i jiovXrji eTraiycVai fie-
[v aijTov,
50 [266
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 51
16 cSofcV Tg ftovXig
TTjv Tov dvSpoc (TefivoTrjTa K(at) (iov\jj(riv
aTToSe^acrOai,
€K T^s 8oKOv<rrf<:
Td)(a. Tifjuat vKT}<i
671
I *E8o^<v T^i fiovXrji Kal Twt Sij/uih*
6
20
TTJi ^ovX^t Kal rm Srjfuar
Se8o;(dai
*E8oiev TTJi ftov\^i Koi Si;/x(Df
8eS6)(6ai
Koi T(Ol SrjlJL(tH
TTJi /SovX^i
27
Sovvai TOTTOV oyi
fitXrKTTOv Kal Tot« 3e8oyfiei/ois aKo\ov9o>i Sta-
70 AcyevTO? Kat BovAwvos- 8e8o;(da( T^i fiovkii-
77 T^i dvaflcVei t^s cikovos ov av [roirov]
S6[$r]i] TOis /SovXctiTats.
67s
36 At' o S«8o;(dai ArjToiwv rrji ftovXiji Kal Toit Sr;-
/iwt
742
22 .... «av d/xj0OT€pois Sok^
829
65 .... AOKCI 8c flOl
69 TovTo e/xot SoKci T^s dya^5 Tv\r}i ipyov civat.
77 "SiVfifiefirjKe roCwv ra hoKOvvra t^5
Kiitfiiji ravTrji irKfoveKTrjixara
267
52 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
847
1 *ESoCCV TO) St^/xoi
976
2 [*Ej8o;^(ro' rrji ^[o]v[X^t] koX roi 817/0101,
S3
oTi av 8oK€L dyad^ov aWo otl av Scoi'TaiJ
977
8
[*ESo]|cv [tjjJ ^ovA.J7 Kai tw St^/lio*
IS
[oTi SoKCt Trj pl^ovXrj,
II30
5
SeSd^^ai Tg jSovXy Koi to? Bijfxw.
13
TO. T£ Sogai/Ta aKvpa ccTo)
Inasmuch as the word Sokc'w occurs, for the most part, in a constantly
recurring formula it is not necessary for the understanding of its meaning
or usage to quote a larger context in each case, or to give a description
of each inscription in which it occurs. Under III. (2), where the context
is transcribed, an illustration of its common usage in the technical sense
may be found.
It occurs thirty-two times in the Macedonian inscriptions, and is
generally used of the expression of opinion in the sense of a public or
oflScial decree. There are however two other distinct usages of the
word in the inscriptions. These three usages are found as follows:
1. It is used with the technical meaning in referring to official acts
in the following inscriptions: 198:3, 6, 18, 32, 48, 56; 199:5; 217:24,
45; 255:4,12; 258:16; 671:1,6,20,27,69,70,77; 675:36; 742:22;
829:77; 847:1; 976:2; 977:8,15; 1130:5,13.
2. It is employed in impersonal expressions in which it does not have
the technical meaning, as in 829:65, 69, SokcT Se fioL, and </«>i 8oKet where
it is equivalent to "methinks," "it seems to me."
3. Twice it is used in referring to things with the meaning of "to be
reputed" or "esteemed" (352:2; 976:53).
When the word is used as in No. i above it is intended to denote
an act of authority which for governmental purposes has the force of
a law. It expresses an opinion which is public and official and not
private or personal. Such authoritative declarations are made by
268
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 53
some body, or individual, having the right, by virtue of his oflSce, to
issue such decrees.
These official acts or decrees may come from: (i) the /SouXt/ and
the 8f}fio<: (198:3, 6, 18, 48, 56); (2) the ^ovXt/ (255:12); (3) the S^/^os
(847:1); (4) the ToXiTapxT]^ and the TroXtrai (217:24); (5) an individual
ruler (217:45).
Of the three distinct usages in the inscriptions each has a parallel
in the New Testament. Generically, the usage of Sokc'w in Acts 15:22,
25, 28 is the same as that mentioned in No. i above. That an expres-
sion of so technical and legal a character should be used in the Acts
passage is of interest in indicating the attitude of authority which the
leaders of the church at Jerusalem assumed, or which the author of the
Acts supposed them to take. Yet it would doubtless be overpressing
this to make an exact equivalence between their authority and that
of the fiovXrj of a Greek city. Nevertheless, it does indicate, in the view
of the writer of the Acts, that the church at Jerusalem had assumed an
attitude of authority over the gentile Christians outside of Jerusalem,
A usage parallel to No. 2 is found in Acts 25: 27.
In Gal. 2:9; Mark 10:42 the word occurs with the meaning of
"to be reputed" or "esteemed" as in No. 3 above.
It thus appears that of the usages found in the inscriptions all are
paralleled in the New Testament, but that the proportion of usages
is very different. A usage occurring but three times out of sixty-two
instances in the New Testament appears in the inscriptions twenty-
eight out of thirty-two occurrences of the word. What might seem
from the New Testament to be an exceptional usage is shown by the
inscriptions not to be so at all. The difference in frequency is the natural
result of the difference in the character of the literature.
269
VII. iKKX-qaia
(i) 671
CO xo-i- TrapeXOovTO^ ci? t^v eKK\r](TLav Koi
StoAcyo'TOS oKoXovdw^ Tots €\l/r)<f>t.(TIX€VOl<;,
All of this inscription is extant. For a translation and description
of it, and for its place and date see I. A. (9).
On this occasion the envoy (TrpeafievTrj^) from Delos was received
by the iKKXrja-La of Thessalonica. The ckkXi/o-io. mentioned here was
composed of the /JovXiy and the SiJ/ios, and was a political body having
authority to legislate for the city to which it belonged.
(2) 889
9 opKi^ia ovv Tr)v tikoyrjfxevrjv rrj^
'Ap,<f>nro\i.T<i)v dytas €KK\ij(na'i i-TTKTKOTrrjv
The whole of this monumental inscription is extant. Only that
portion of it is transcribed which is immediately concerned with the
iKKXrjaCa. It belongs to Amphipolis (1. 4). From the reference in
it to the Trinity (11. 3, 5) it is evidently a Christian inscription, but its
exact date has not been ascertained. The translation of the whole of
it is here given: "Having lived the common human life with grace
and dignity, continually having made supplication to receive the hope
of eternal life from the great and life-giving immaculate Trinity, I
Liccon lie here. Therefore I adjure the blessed episcopate of the holy
church of Amphipolis and the highly favored clergy by Father, by Son,
and by Holy Spirit not to consent that any other person, in the future,
be buried in this my burial-place."
The term iKKk-qaca here denotes the church. This usage is the
one generally found in the New Testament, but rarely in the inscriptions.
In this case it is implied that the iKKkrfaca has some authority over the
burial-place, that it has power to grant or to withhold permission for
burial in certain places.
Both of the usages found in the inscriptions for the term iKKkrjaia
occur in the New Testament in widely different proportions. In one
hundred and eleven occurrences of the word it is used one hundred and
eight times with an ecclesiastical meaning, and only three times with
54 [270
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 55
the technical meaning, denoting a political body. In Acts 19:39 the
word iKKXrjaia is used with reference to a body having authority to
exercise judicial functions, and is referred to as an iKKXrjaia ivvofjio<;,
that is, having legal authority and conducting its business within the
requirements of the law. This iKKXrjata Iwo/aos is mentioned in
contrast to the iKKXrjaia then assembled in the theater at Ephesus
(Acts 19:32, 41), which was neither an €KKXr)aia Kvpta, nor an ckkAt/o-ici
(rvyKXr}To<;. That is, it was not one of the ordinary meetings of the
iKKXr](TLa^ nor a specially called meeting, and so the ypayLt/xareus regarded
it as an iKKX-qcria Avhich had not conformed to the legal requirem.ents
for such an assembly. The people had assembled in the theater without
being convened by any formal call, and disorder prevailed in the meeting.
In Acts 19:32, 41 the word cK/cAr/o-ta denotes a political body, but
implies that it was irregular in its proceedings, while in Acts 19:39
the reference is to the tKKXrjata in its regular order of procedure. It
is used with the technical meaning in both cases. Kennedy says,
"In the New Testament the usage of the LXX determined the sense
of the word, which is = the public gathering of Christians viewed
externally as met for a common purpose, or organized with a common
aim, or viewed from an inward standpoint as a spiritual corporation"
{Sources of N.T. Greek, p. 99). To this classification of the usage of
iKKXr]<TLa in the New Testament its usage in Acts 19:32, 39, 41 forms an
important exception. The usage in this passage is not derived from
the LXX, but from the usage common in Greek cities in that period.
Such a usage was current in Ephesus where this event took place.
271
VIII. KXT|pOv6(tOS
(i) i8o
7 El 8c 6 KXrjpov6fio<; 6 cynos
TTapairefXilfrj ti, Suxtu
T<j> ra/xtei'u* Trpoa-Tifiov Srjvdpta ij/v.
The whole of this inscription is extant, and the last three lines
are here transcribed, containing the term K\ripov6p.oi. It belongs to
Thessalonica. Its date has not been ascertained.
According to this inscription a certain woman, Aurelia by name,
built a tomb for herself and her husband, and made this demand upon
her heir: "But if my heir neglect anything he shall pay to the treasurer
a fine of 750 denarii."
It appears that a testator had a right to impose certain obligations
upon the heir, and to fix a certain penalty for the violation of any such
conditions attaching to the inheritance.
(2) 262
26 (K\rjp)ov6p.o)v p.ov
ovwv ■^ KX.r)po(vofALa)
This inscription is found in a badly mutilated condition. The
whole of the left side of it is worn off, so that it is impossible to obtain
any adequate impression of the subject of it. It belongs to Deriopos.
Dimitsas thinks that it should be dated in the later Roman period,
y .... 8' aiciva p.. X. (I, 307). Because of the words opviv and (3(op.6v
which occur in 11. 13 and 20, and which are associated with heathen forms
of worship, Dimitsas concludes that it was written before the introduc-
tion of Christianity into Deriopos.
If the restorations made above (11. 26-27) be correct, there is mention
made of heirs and of an inheritance, but the context is so imperfect
that no information can be obtained concerning them.
(3) 402
[cvopKt^w TOWS KXrjpo-^
v6p.OV<; p.OV TTttV-
Tas Tovs 0€ov<; fcji?
56 (272
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 57
lO Tr]v \r]v6v ravTrjv
(Tepov firjSev^a KOi-J
IJ.rjOrjv[^a]t.
Only a portion of this inscription is preserved. The lines transcribed
are from the middle of it, and contain the word under consideration.
The inscription was found written upon a sarcophagus outside of the
gate of Thessalonica. The date is not known.
According to this inscription a woman, while living, erected a temple
and built a tomb for herself, and left the following injunction: "I
adjure my heirs by all the gods not to bury any other body in this tomb."
This is another example in which a solemn injunction is laid upon the
heirs to keep the tomb of the deceased intact.
(4) 412
El Se Tis ToX/Ai7(r[e]i dvot^[ai], 8o)(r[ciJ rots
5 ejU,ois KXrjpovofjLOi^ 8r)vdpta /xvpia.
The whole of this inscription of five lines is extant, and the last
two are transcribed. It belongs to Thessalonica. The exact date is
not known, but from the Latin names (11. 1-2) it apparently belongs
sometime in the Roman period.
It reads thus: "Aurelia Marcia [built this tomb] for her dearest
husband, the most noble Linius Aelius Nicostratus, from the common
savings, for a memorial. If anyone shall dare to open it he shall pay to
my heirs a thousand denarii."
The exceptional feature of this inscription is that the fine for dis-
turbing the tomb of the deceased is to be paid to the heirs, not to the
treasurer or to the city as was usual at that time. This indicates that
the testator not only had the right to fix the amount of the fine to be
paid for disturbing his tomb, but that he had it within his power to
decide as to who should receive such money.
(5) 1220
c]u ct8a)5 KXrjpovofxwv tyjv (TnXrjafiocrvvrjv
c Kal KOLVov Oavdrov fivrjfJLoavvov ir poj3\ fTriov
The whole of this inscription of eight lines is extant, and 4 and 5 are
here transcribed. It was found in Thasos and belongs to the Roman
period. It reads thus: "Aurelius Philip the son of Philip of Abdera
while living built for himself and for his wife Antonia and for his children
273
58 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
[a tomb], well knowing the forgetfulness of heirs and foreseeing that
his memory would be left behind by a common death. But if any other
person wish to bury another body he shall pay to the city of Thasos
two thousand denarii, and to the sacred treasurer two thousand denarii
besides."
Whereas in many inscriptions of this kind a clause is inserted pro-
hibiting others from using the tomb of the deceased and adding a penalty
for the violation of this injunction, in this instance permission seems to
be granted to bury another body in the same tomb by paying for the
privilege or right. In the prohibitory clauses the fine is as high as
i,ooo denarii for disturbing the tomb, but here the amount named is
four thousand denarii. It is implied in this inscription that heirs were
often remiss in the performance of their duties in memory of the
deceased.
From these inscriptions it appears that certain obligations might
be laid upon the heirs by the person bequeathing the inheritance, and
that for failure to fulfil these conditions the heirs were subject to a
fine, the amount of which was determined by the testator. Others
also were liable to a fine for any desecration of a tomb. These fines
were payable to the city, the sacred treasurer, or to the heirs as the
testator directed. It seems to be implied, although not explicitly
stated, that the persons on whom an obligation is laid always receive an
inheritance.
In the New Testament the word kXi;/}ovo/u,os occurs fifteen times,
with the same meaning, generically, as in the inscriptions.
Christians are called ol Kk-qpovofxoi, "heirs of God" (Rom. 8:17),
"heirs of the promise" (Heb. 6:17), ''heirs of righteousness" (Heb.
11:7)," heirs of the kingdom " (Jas. 2:5). According to the New Testa-
ment, the basis of heirship is as follows: A son is an heir (Matt. 21:38;
Mark 12:7; Luke 20:14; Heb. 1:2). All children (rcKva) are heirs
(Rom. 8:17). Abraham's seed are heirs (Gal. 3:29). Justification
through the grace of Christ constitutes a man an heir (Tit. 3:7).
The fact that conditions attach to heirship is an element common to
the inscriptions and the New Testament. In the latter every man
might become an heir by complying with the conditions of the promise
given to Abraham. In the inscriptions the one thing most often empha-
sized is the obligation of the K\7)pov6fxo<i to fulfil certain conditions
devolving upon him as heir. When Paul insists that only those who
fulfil the conditions of heirship are truly heirs, he is making use of a
well-known principle.
274
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 59
The objection that God does not die and cannot, therefore, have an
heir, in any true sense of the word, arises from pressing the analogy
too far. The Christian, who is spoken of as an heir, can assume the
responsibilities of an heir and enter upon his inheritance without the
death of God taking place. This is a question not raised by Paul,
and it is a difficulty only to those who would press the comparison
into details which are not pertinent to Paul's use of the term.
The two indispensable elements are: the assumption of certain
responsibilities, and the receiving of an inheritance, on the part of the
heir. These two elements are found both in the New Testament and
in the inscriptions. The most important contribution which the
inscriptions make at this point is in emphasizing the ancient idea of
the right and authority of the person making the bequest to impose
upon the heir certain conditions which he must fulfil.
275
IX. KXllpOS
(1) 214
3 TiKTC 8' ivl KX[i;p]ots KepKCiVtov.
The whole of this inscription of six lines is extant. It was found at
Aiane, a town in the southern part of Macedonia, midway between
the village of Kozane and the river Haliacmon. Its exact date is not
known.
The first three lines read thus: " Menedemos was the husband of
Hadista, and Bouticos begot her. Aiane concealed her in death, but she
was born in the fields of Circinium. " In 1. 3 the phrase, m kAt//3ois,
is to be interpreted, "in the fields." (Cf. Dimitsas, Max., I, 223.)
Liddell and Scott, under the term kX^pos, cite Hdt. 9.24 in which the
KXrjpoi are called dypoi.
(2) 334
KXrjpov
Of this inscription only the fragment transcribed above is preserved.
It was found among the ruins of one of the churches in Achrida, but there
is not enough of the context remaining by which to determine the mean-
ing of kX^/90S.
(3) 889
6pKL^(i> OVV,
T^v cv\oyr}fiivT)v Trjs AfxtfunoXiTfov
dyta9 eKK\r](TLa<i eTTKTKOTrrjv
e Kal Tov Tavrr/s OeotfuXrj KXrjpov
The whole of this inscription is extant. For its place and date,
and a translation of it see VI. (2).
The author of this inscription solemnly adjures the blessed episcopate
(eTTKTKOTr^v) of the holy church of Amphipolis and the KXrjpov beloved
of God not to consent that any other body shall be buried in his tomb.
The meaning of the term xX^pos which best suits this context is "the
clergy," considered collectively. Examples of such usage are cited by
Sophocles in his Greek Lexicon of the Roman and Byzantine periods.
60 [276
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 61
The cases referred to are all of a late date: Caius 29 B (a.d. 210); Petr.
Alex. 448 B (a.d. 304); Anc. 3 (a.d. 314); Basil IV, 429 B (A.D.379);
Greg. Naz. I. 109 1 A (a.d. 390). Until we are able to determine the
exact date of this inscription, it will be necessary to place it not earlier
than the second century a.d., in order to give a suflScient length of
time for the development of the episcopacy in the church. The meaning
of K\^po<; in this inscription cannot be used as a proof that it was
employed in this sense when the New Testament books were written.
The usage of /cX^pos in this passage may, however, reflect an earlier
usage.
In Goodspeed, Index Patristicus, the following occurrences of KX^po?
are given: Tral. 12:3; Bar. 6:6; cit. Rom. 1:2; Mar. 6:2; Diog.
12 :gL; Eph. 11 :2; Philad. 5:1. It is also found in Justin Dial 97 :3;
113. 3; .4 /><?/. 35.5, 8; 38.4; Dial gS. 5; 104. i.
The word kX^^os occurs eleven times in the New Testament with
the following meanings:
1. It denotes the lot itself: Matt. 27:35; Mark 15:24; Luke 23:34;
John 19:24; Acts 1:26.
2. It denotes the object assigned or allotted: (a) an allotment
or office, Acts 1:17; (b) a portion or share, Acts 8:21; 26:18; (c) an
inheritance or portion. Col. 1:12 (cf. Isaeus 6:56). In I Pet. 5:3,
Twv KXrjptov should probably be classified under No. 2, but there is a
lack of decisive evidence as to the specific meaning of this expression
in I Peter.
Concerning the term /cX^/aos the inscriptions, Nos. 214 and 889,
seem to reflect a usage later than the time of the New Testament. In
889 kX^p©? has a distinctly ecclesiastical meaning as over against its
legal significance in the New Testament. In the phrase cVl »cXiJpois
the idea of its being an object assigned or allotted seems to have fallen
into the background, and it is there used as a general designation for
fields. Although in the New Testament xX^pos is used of various
objects, yet it is always with the idea that they have been allotted or
assigned in a technical or legal sense.
277
X. XtiToup-yco), XfitToup-Yia
(i) 247
01 XtiTovpyciTOMTav, 01 8i K€KTr)fi€voi fJLOVov Tot? ry
jri/3aA,Xo/xcvai? XciTovpyciai? virevOvvoi Icrraxrav Ti'va
Torrov (TTopvvaOai ras oSoir? koivu Staray/iaTi c8i;\o)(ro
. Xev(i> Kttt avravous erwTcActv v/tictv eis to dvaXw/iara
5 TO rpirov crvveicr<^€povTa5, 17 St avvciaiftopa. yevecdio diro
Tciv cv MaKcSovia ovTwv dvTavwv cvtut^citc.
Most of this inscription is preserved, as here transcribed. It is
seen that the upper left hand corner is worn, or broken off. It was
found near Bitolia, in the district of Lyncestis in Macedonia. Dimitsas
thinks that it belongs to the Macedonian era, before the time of the
Roman dominion (Max., I, 272).
The verb XtiTovpyetTwaav occurs in 1. i, but owing to the fact that
the upper left-hand corner is broken off, it is not known who performed
the services. Dimitsas suggests the following possible restorations for
the beginning of this line: "01 fxkv vo/xoi" ^ "01 fikv avopoi."
In 1. 2 the dative plural of Xiirovpyia occurs.
The services referred to here consisted in the leveling of the ways or
roads. The owners or masters (K€KTi//i.«Voi) were responsible for these
public services. This tends to show that certain persons in the com-
munity were under obligation to perform such services for the public.
This view is confirmed by a passage in Isaeus (7 : 5) in which three men
possessing large estates were required to Xtirovpytiv for the city. Cf.
Dem. 833:26. Thus the AciTovpyia does not seem always to have
been a matter of voluntary contribution. In some cases, at least, it
appears to have been obligatory.
(2) 1131
2 ayopavofn^(Ta<: koX iv
Tai9 oAAais dp\aL<i Kal XeiTopyiats
e7ri(/>av(t>9 iroXiTevo-d/Ltevos
The whole of this inscription is extant, and that portion of it which
contains the word under consideration is here transcribed. It was found
in Thasos, and probably belongs to the Roman period. It reads as
62 [278
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 63
follows: "Aurelius Herodotus the son of Paranomus twice was chief
of the magistrates, held the oflEice of dyopavo/xos, and with other oflBces
and services he distinguished himself as a citizen, living seventy-five
years. Farewell beloved " (11. 1-5).
The XeiTovpytai are referred to here as a part of the means by
which Herodotus gained for himself distinction as a citizen. The
context suggests that the services were voluntary on the part of Hero-
dotus, but there is no indication as to what these services were.
A parallel to the usage of these terms is found in the New Testa-
ment. The verb Aciroupycw occurs three times, and the noun Xttrovfyyia
seven times, with the following usages: to denote services rendered
(i) on behalf of the poor at Jerusalem; (2) to the Lord; (3) on behalf
of Paul, in personal ministration to his needs; (4) on behalf of the
people, through the priestly office.
In Rom. 15:27 the service is obligatory. In this passage the idea
of obligation to perform the services seems to be moral rather than
civic or legal as in 247.
In the Scriptures these terms seem to be associated with religious
services, and generally with the priestly function. In the inscriptions
this religious or sacerdotal aspect of the services does not appear.
Generically the terms have the same meaning in the New Testament
as in the inscriptions, but specifically they are used with reference to
different kinds of services. The idea that the kuTovpyiai are services
rendered on behalf of the people is common to both.
279
XI. v6(tos
(i) 349
Mo . <n;s 6 Tpr)y6pios [ravn/jv 0(£)<p (TK-qvqv cyeipas tov 6c6ypa<f>ov vo/xov
t6vrj TO, Mvtraiv cKSiSacrKct Travao^ws. "Etcktcok.
The whole of this inscription is extant and is here transcribed.
It was found in a church in Achrida, Macedonia, and belongs to the
year 13 12 a.d., at which time this church was rebuilt by Gregory.
It reads: "Gregory, having erected this tabernacle to God, teaches
all- wisely the nations of the Mysians the divinely written law."
The vd/xos is described as 6e6ypa<f>o<i, thus indicating that it is
thought of as a written law and as coming from God. The date of
this inscription is so late that this usage of vo/aos cannot be cited as
evidence for the usage of vo/xos in the first century a.d. It is, however,
interesting to observe that the usage of vofxo^ which is found here is
the one most common in the New Testament, where, with two excep-
tions, it occurs in the singular number, generally denoting a body of
statutes.
(2) 666
At fj.kv So^etcrai tuJ OtoTTTrj trplv TrXoKes.
2 vo/AOus CTKicSSeis fx\ov iyyeypafifievovi.
The whole of this inscription is extant, except parts of the last
two lines. It was found in a Greek church in Thessalonica, and the
lines transcribed read as follows: "The tablets given aforetime to the
seer had shadowy laws written on them."
The plural, vd/ious, which occurs in 1, 2 denotes individual statutes.
This usage of the term vd/xos is quite exceptional in the New Testament,
being found only in Heb. 8: 10; 10: 16, out of one hundred and ninety-
five occurrences of the word. There being but two instances of vd/xos
in the inscriptions, we should not be justified in entering into an extended
comparison of the word in the New Testament. As already noted,
the two usages of the inscriptions find a parallel in the New Testament,
one of the two being quite unusual in the New Testament, while the
other is the one most commonly found there.
64 [2
XII. TToXlTdpX'nS
For an exhaustive treatment of the term TroXirapx^? see The
Politarchs in Macedonia and Elsewhere, by Ernest DeWitt Burton.
Brief mention will here be made concerning the functions of the
TToXiTapxat, and their relationship to the ySouAi/ or governing body of
the city in which they held ofiice. In the Macedonian inscriptions the
noun TToXndpxrj'i occurs seven times (217:24, 36, 40; 258:5; 675:2,
48; 738:4), and the verb 7roAiTapx«w ten times (2:2; 248:6; 260:3;
364:1; 365:10; 366:7; 367:13; 368:1; 683:4; 886:4).
In 248 the office of iroXiTo.pxrj'i is mentioned as one of several offices
successively held by a certain man in the city of Lyncestis. This
man held the office of troXiTapxrfi and of Ta/u,uis at the same time. The
TToAiTapxai are represented as being subject to the command of the
^ovXri and the S^/aos (248, 258, 365, etc.). In Idranizi a Soy^a was
passed by the TroXira/oxT/s and the TroAtrai, and on the same occasion
the ■jroXiTapxq'i was enjoined to see that the hoy pa. was enforced (217).
The text is deficient at this point, but it appears as if the TroAtTtipxi??
were subject to a double fine (to the imperial treasury and to the city)
if he should in any way attempt to set aside the Soy/xa which had been
enacted.
It thus appears that the voXtTdpxrj'i was an officer of prominence
in the city, and that he exercised both legislative and executive functions.
In Tzepikobon the TroXiTapxai assembled the BovXevrypiov (258:5).
In Lete they introduced the TrpofiovXtvp-a in the (KKXrja-ia. The
TToXiTapxa-t and the treasurer of the city were commanded by the fiovXrj
and the 8fjp,o<; to inscribe the decree and erect the stele (675:2, 46).
In 365 the TToAiTapxai are associated with the apxt-^p^vi and both are
subject to the command of the /SovXi?. On this occasion the TroAirapxai
were the officers delegated to see that the decree was executed.
This is of special significance to us because it occurred in Thessalonica
where Jason and the brethren were brought before the TroAtrapx^t
(Acts 17:6-8) who seem to have been acting in a capacity similar to
that of the TroAirapx''* mentioned in the inscriptions. In the inscrip-
tions as in the Acts passage they appear as executive officers, a part of
whose duties was to see that the laws were enforced. It appears then
that the only mention of the TroXirdpxoit in the New Testament pertains
281] 65
66 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
to a Macedonian city, and that they were executive oflScers subject to
the /SouXiy or governing body of the city. They were responsible for
the maintenance of order and the enforcement of the law in accordance
with the statutes of the city in which they held ofl&ce. In Thessalonica
they were associated with the d/oxiepcvs and probably were subordinate
in authority to him (365).
282
XIII. irpaiTttpiov
(i) 281
Ti(/3cpiov) KAavSiov ^opriov, Overpavov
orpaTcvo-a/xevov iv TrpaiTiapiut
For place and date and translation of this inscription see III. (3).
Only a part of it is extant.
It is here asserted that Tiberius Claudius served as a soldier iv
irpaLTiDpiiti. The word irpaiTtapLov is simply a transliteration of the
Latin word praetorium, and is not found in the Greek earlier than the
first century a.d. To understand the meaning of this term in Greek
it may be necessary to consider its usage in Latin. The following are
the various possible meanings which have been assigned to it in the Latin.
1. The tent of a general (Liv. 10:33).
2. The official residence of the governor of a province (TertuU.
ad Scap. §3; Cic. Verr. 2, 4, § 28).
3. Any spacious villa or palace (Plut. Tib. 39; Juv. Sat. 1:75).
4. The camp of the praetorian guard (Pitiscus, Thesaur. antiq. iii.
174; Tac. Ann. 4. 2).
5. The praetorian guard itself {CIL, 3365).
6. The residence of the emperor at Baiae (cf. Hermes, IV, 102, 1. 2).
In the lines transcribed above (281:2) the term TrpaiTwpiov must
come under either No. 4 or 5, as the context seems to exclude the other
meanings. From the Latin inscriptions it is seen that the phrase,
miles in praetorio {CIL, 5777), refers to the soldiers of the praetorian
guard, and militavit in praetorio {CIL, 7328) is precisely analogous
to the expression o-TpaTcuo-a/Acvov iv irpaiTiopL*^. The Latin phrase
means that he served as a soldier in the praetorian guard. There is
then a strong probability that eV irpaiTtapCiu refers to the praetorian
guard rather than to the camp.
(2) 282
Ti(/8£pios) KAavSio? 'Poi)</)05 Ov-
trpavot iK TrpaiTw-
piov SpcucovTi TW
5 fxiviU
283] 67
68 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
The whole of this inscription is extant and is here transcribed. It
was found between Plethar and Troiak and belongs to the same period
as the preceding one. It reads: "Tiberius Claudius Rufus a veteranus
of the praetorium to the serpent which is here honored."
Here again the Latin inscriptions throw light upon the interpreta-
tion of the phrase « Tr/DatTtoptbu. The phrase veteranus ex praetorio
occurs sLx times {CIL, 3365, 5412, 5595, 7596, 10198, 10286). Here it
is used of a veteran of the praetorian guard. Following this analogy
the phrase, ck npcuToipiov, seems to indicate that Tiberius was a member
of the praetorian guard. It denotes the soldiers themselves, and not
their place of encampment.
This usage of the term in the Latin and in the Macedonian Greek
inscriptions affords some light on a much-disputed passage in the New
Testament.
In Phil. 1 : 13 there has been much controversy as to the meaning
of npaiTtapiov. Meyer and others contend that it refers to the camp
or barracks of the praetorian guard, while Lightfoot, with many others,
maintains that it refers to the praetorian guard itself. While the
inscriptions do not furnish conclusive proof on this question, they
tend to sustain the interpretation of Lightfoot in rendering it " praetorian
guard."
It should be observed as against Meyer in his Commentary on Phil.
(4th ed. of the German) that so far as the word itself is concerned or
its then current usage, it is not impossible that it might be used with
reference to the residence of the emperor. See the edict of Claudius in
the year 46 a.d.
Bais in praetorio edictum
Ti Claudi Caesaris August! Germanici propositum fuit
id quod infra scriptum est.
This edict of Claudius was issued at the town of Baiae " in praetorio,"
that is in the residence or palace of the emperor at Baiae (cf. Mommsen,
Hermes, IV, 102). For the fact that the emperors had villas or palaces
at Baiae consult Varr. R. R., iii. 17. 9; Seneca Ep. 51; Tac. Ann. xiv. 9.
284
XIV. -irpio-pcvo), -irpco-pcia, irp€o-p€«Tiis, 'Trp€o-P'UT€pos
A. Trpeafitvoi
(1) 248
2 wpcCT/Scucras cis ^€\<f>ovs iirl Tov Hvdiov,
The whole of this inscription is extant, but only the line containing
the word under consideration is here transcribed. From 1. 7 we learn
that it belongs to some city in Lyncestis.
Beginning at the middle of 1. 2 it reads: "Paulus Calidius having
gone as an envoy to Delphi to consult the oracle, having furnished
money to the city for the purchase of corn, having purchased corn in
a time of want, having been gymnasiarch at his own expense, while
holding the oflGice of treasurer and of politarch, having been esteemed
worthy by a decree of the council of the setting up of images and of
life-size statues, and while he was gymnasiarch being appointed a son
of the city both by the city and by the nation of Lyncestis, set up the
stele at his own expense."
This official visit as an envoy to Delphi is mentioned, among other
good deeds, as something of distinction, reflecting honor on the memory
of this man. While the object of his mission is not explicitly stated,
it is implied that he went there to consult the oracle on some matter
of interest to the public.
(2) 330
'AyaOrj Tv\r].
Aa(r(7api;Tioi Apv-
avra Ka[i]rrt'<i>vos
To\v TrpocTaTTjv
tf TT^pca-fitvaavra
Trposj TOV Kvpiov
AvT^OKpoLTopa
The portion of this inscription which is extant is here transcribed.
It was found in Achrida. It reads: " With good luck. The Dasseretae
[honor] Druas the son of Caepio the chief who went an envoy to the
lord emperor . . . ."
285] 69
70 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
The name of the person to whom the envoy was sent is broken off.
The object of his mission is not mentioned, but he was evidently acting
in a political capacity, going as an envoy for the Dasseretae to some
emperor. The verb Trpeafievoi is here used in a technical sense, denot-
ing an official action.
(3)
The word e7rp£cr/8(£)w(avT)o occurs in inscription 370, which was
found in Thessalonica, but the ends of all the lines are broken oft", so
that the inscription is wholly unintelligible.
The verb Trpea-zSevto has the same technical meaning in the New
Testament as in the inscriptions. It occurs only in II Cor. 5:20 and
Eph. 6 : 20, where Paul uses it in a figurative sense of himself as an envoy
of Christ. Here as in the inscriptions it denotes official action of a
representative. This usage of tt/jco-^cuw throws some light on how Paul
thought of himself as related to Christ in his work as a preacher of the
gospel.
B. -n-pea^tLa
(1) 37
c i>io(v)s avTOV 7rp£0'/3[£jiais Kal iv)(ai^ TT^avTwi'
ayyektav [kcu] Trpo<^r]TSiv
For the place, date, and translation of this inscription see I. A. (2).
The term Trpco-^ctais (1. 5) is co-ordinate with cv;(ats and is used in
a prayer, evidently denoting intercessions.
(2)
The accusative singular of the noun wpca-fScia occurs in a fragment
of an inscription (253) found in the region of Moglia, to the north
of Bitolia, but there is not sufficient context extant to enable us to
determine what the inscription was about. There is then only one
occurrence of Trpea^eca in the inscriptions in which its meaning is clear
to us.
The usage which we have found in 37 has no parallel in the New-
Testament. The word occurs in Luke 14:32 and 19:14. InLuke 14:32
one king sends a irpco-^cta to another king to ask him for peace. In
19:14 the TToXtrai send a rrpta^da to their own ruler. This usage of
Trpea^eia is in accord with that of the corresponding verb, Trpeo-^evw,
in the inscriptions.
286
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 71
C. 7r/occrj3crT^s
(1) 217
45 TOVTO TO Sdy/itt €-
So$€ Tw Sk'ttovti Trjv iirap-
\Lav lovviw Pou</>tVw 8ta
Toiv TTpeo-yScuToii/ TOV
For the place and date of this inscription see IV. (2). The whole
of the inscription is extant in a somewhat fragmentary condition. The
part transcribed above reads: "this decree is decreed by Junius Rufinus
who is governing the eparchy by the Trpeo-ySevTat."
As respects the irpco-^ScuTat they are acting in an official capacity,
and are subordinate to Rutinus the governor. They are executive
officers under the authority of the governor. Their office seems here
to have more or less of permanency. It is not limited to a single event,
and in this respect it is more closely related to the conception of the
office of ■npt(T^€.vrri% which Paul had when he called himself an am-
bassador of Christ.
(2) 671
36 dn-ooreiAai 8c koX wpea/ivTrjv
45 npto'fievrrjs elpWrj Tvvvoivos.
48 Trap' vfiwv aTTOO'TaXo'TOs Trpcafiivrov
58 aTTOCTTaXcis Trpt(TftevTr]<; Trpos rrjv noKiv
The whole of this inscription is extant, but only the phrases con-
taining the term -rrptcr^cvTris are here transcribed. For its place and
date, and a translation of it see I. A. (9).
The word Trpcc/ScvTi;? occurs four times, referring in each case to
the same man. Boulon was appointed a trpta-fie.vTri'i by the 8^/xos of
Delos (1. 57), to go to Thessalonica on a specific mission. He was
received in Thessalonica in the iKKXrjcria, and was permitted to present
to that body the matters contained in the decree. Having accomplished
his purpose, he returned to Delos with the answer of the iKuX-qarta.
He was not merely an official messenger whose duty ended with the
delivery of the document in his charge. He endeavored to present his
cause in as persuasive a manner as possible and so win the approval
and co-operation of the iKKXrfo-La.
287
72 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
Only one 7r/)e<r/3cuTi7s was sent on this occasion. The number of
men commissioned on an embassy was variable. In 675 there are
three, and probably also in 217.
(3) 675
40 iXtaOai 8* KOL 7r/>c(r)3evTas
4.Q Koi tipWrjcrav irptafievToi rStv jSovAevrwv
The whole of this inscription is extant, but only the phrases con-
taining the word under consideration are transcribed. For its place
and date see I. A. (10).
In this instance the TrptafitvTaC were chosen from the members of
the fiovXrj, and were three in number. They were chosen by the /JovAi;
and the 8^/ios and were commissioned to convey to the Roman treasurer
the decree of honor passed on his behalf, and to urge upon him the
acceptance of the honor.
The noun irpeo-ySevTT/s is not found in the New Testament in this
form, but Trp€(TfivTr]<i in Philem., vs. 9, is apparently the same word,
with this slight variation in spelling. In the original inscriptions as
in the original text of the New Testament, the words are without
accent, and would appear thus, irpeo-yScvri;? and Trpta-fivTtjs. The inter-
change of €v and V in Greek orthography is of common occurrence.
So far then as the accent and the orthography are concerned, there
is no reason for making a distinction between Trpcer/ScvTi/s in the inscrip-
tions and Trpco-jSvTrjs in Philem., vs. 9. See Hort., N.T., Vol. II, Appen-
ds, p. 136.
The TTpecT^evTaC seem to have been chosen from men of influence,
as in Lete, from members of the fiovXr). They were representative
officers and generally were appointed for some particular purpose
pertaining to the welfare of the people.
In the Epistle to Philemon when Paul designates himself as
irpearfivrrji it is under circumstances similar to that under which the
irp€<T(3evTai of the inscriptions held office. According to Paul's own
statement he is in the act of pleading for Onesimus when he uses this
title of himself. Orthography and accent are variable and cannot in
this instance be used as an argument to show that Trpeo-^vr^/s has a
different meaning from that of Trpeo-jScuri;?. It seems then to be clear
that ambassador is a possible interpretation of 7rp€(rfivrr)<i in Philemon,
or rather, that Trpeo-^SvTiys ("old man") is a transcriptional error for
Trp€a(i€VT-q<i.
288
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 73
D. ir/)£(r/SvT£p<K
(1) IIO
M.r]fi6pL0v Evytviov
■jr/3e(r)8vTC/oov
(2) III
Mrffiopiov
®eo8ov\ov K^al
EvTpoirtov irpeKrfivTfpov.
The whole of each of these inscriptions is extant, and is here tran-
scribed. They were found in Beroea. The Latin word firj/j-opiov
for fivrjfxeXov, and the word 0«o8ovXov both point to a late date for this
inscription, probably as late as the first century a.d.
It does not seem possible in these inscriptions to decide whether
fl-/oecr/3vTcpos is used as a noun or as an adjective. It may be used here
as an oflScial designation, or it may be an adjective referring to age.
(3) 1324
IlatitrTpaTO? Ktt^o-k^wvtos 7r/3£<r)8uTe[/3os
Ilat'crTpaTos KTT/(rt<^wvTos
vccjrcpof.
The whole of this inscription is extant and is here transcribed.
It was found in Thasos.
From the manifest antithesis of Trpe(rfivT€po<: and vtwrcpos it is
evident that both words refer to age. Two men of the same name,
Ilato-TpaTos, are distinguished by terms denoting their relative ages.
A striking parallel to this usage of ir/3tcr/8vTcpo« is found in I Tim.
5:1,2, and in I Pet. 5 : 5. Alford, Kiihl, and von Soden take irpco-ySuTcpo?
in these passages as referring to official position and not to age. The
above inscription affords us an example of these two words, 7rp£o-/3vrcpo?
and v£djT£/3os, used in contrast to each other where both words refer
to age. This tends to sustain those who interpret irptaPvrtpo'i with
reference to age in the scripture passages.
The almost universal usage of 7rpt(T^vT€po<: in the New Testament
is as an official designation. For an excellent discussion as to the origin
of this technical usage see Deissmann, Bible Studies, pp. 154-57, 233-35.
This official usage was comxmon in Egypt, and in all probability in
Asia Minor before the first century a.d. (Cf. Flind. Petr., Pap., II, iv,
6, 13^; CIG, 1417).
289
XV. o-TpaTTi-yds
(i) 346
^i\i7nro<i Movv-
C Tavov aveOrjKav
(TTpaTrjyw NtKt'a.
The whole of this inscription of six lines is extant, and the last
three are here transcribed. It was found near Lake Lychnidos in Mace-
donian lUyria. It reads as follows: "Epicadus the son of Genthius
and Philip the son of Mountanus set up [this monument] to Nicias
a crTpaTr;yos."
Only one man is mentioned as holding the office of arpaTrjyo'i, and
nothing is said as to his functions. This inscription seems to have
been inscribed to his memory by private individuals rather than by
the city.
(2)
The word orpaTTjyos occurs in inscriptions 622, 630, 631, 649, 650,
651, and 660. They were found at Thessalonica and belong to the
ninth century a.d., which is too late to be of value in this investigation.
At this late date the office seems to have been held by but one man,
and to have pertained to a city or province: that is, it was political.
(3) 675
12 €<^' ous Koi €KTrop€v6i[yT^oi ^^irov
UofiTrrjtov tov crTpaTrjyov kol Traparaiafiivov
fiCTo. t]<j)v IBlwv (TTpaTtayTCiv.
The whole of this large inscription of fifty lines is extant. The
portion transcribed illustrates the usage of o-Tparr/yds. For the place
and date of this inscription see I. A. (10).
The word o-T/oaTT^yds is here a military term, applied to the well-
known Sextus Pompeius, general of the army.
The inscription is in honor of Marcus Annius the Roman treasurer,
and in recounting the favors which he had done for the city of Lete,
and the enemies against whom he had fought in their behalf, reference
is here made to certain enemies, "against whom also Sextus Pompeius
the o-Tparr/yds went forth, and drew up in battle order with his own
soldiers."
74 [290
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T, 75
(4)
Reference is made to the o-rpaTT/yds of Thessalonica in inscriptions,
711, 714, 715, 716, and 717, but nothing is said as to the duties of his
office.
It appears then that the term o-T/oanyyo? is used to designate (i) a
military officer, (2) an officer of a city, (3) an officer of a province.
The third sense is common in papyri.
Unfortunately most of the inscriptions in which the o-TpaTrjyo^ is men-
tioned are very brief, and no reference is made in them to his functions,
except in the case of Sextus Pompeius. With this one exception the
form of the title seems to indicate that the office of o-rpaTT/yds pertained
to civic or political matters, rather than to military. It was not a
title limited to the designation of one particular office. In this respect
its use here is similar to that of arpar-qyo-i in the New Testament.
The word is used only by Luke. It occurs seven times in the plural
number (Luke 22:4, 52; Acts 16:20, 22, 35, 36, 38), and three times
in the singular number (Acts 4:1; 5:24,26). In Acts 5:26 the a-Tparrjyo^
of the temple goes with the iir-qpirat to make an arrest. In Luke
22:55 ^^^ (TTpar-qyoL of the temple are among those who come to arrest
Jesus. In the sixteenth chapter of Acts the (TTparrjyoC of Philippi
exercise judicial functions. The Kvpioi of a slave girl led Paul and
Silas to the a-TpaTTjyoL of the city for judgment. The o-Tpari/yot had
authority to beat, imprison, or set free, except in the case of Roman
citizens who could demand a formal trial.
In Latin the corresponding term praefectus is used in the same manner
as trrpaTiyyo's in the inscriptions. In neither case is the term limited
to the designation of a particular office. The functions pertaining to
the various offices were specific, but the term denoting the office was
general. This will account for the use of the word orpaTiyyos in the
New Testament, in referring to men holding different kinds of offices.
291
XVI. Ta|ii€iov
(i) i8o
y El 8e 6 K\rjpov6/i.o<i 6 €/ios
TrapaTrifuJ/rj Tt, Suxru
TO) rafiULw vpodTLfiov Srjvdpta. i/'v.
The whole of this inscription of nine lines is extant, but only the
last three lines are transcribed. For its place and date see VII. (i).
A certain woman erected a tomb for herself and husband and made
this provision: "but if my heir pass over anything he shall pay to
the treasury a fine of 750 denarii."
It is clear that rafiulov here denotes the treasury, in all probability
the treasury of the city.
(2) 413
4 8o)0-[£]i T<a Ta[ftji€t'a» *<f>.
Only the latter portion of this inscription is preserved, and only
a part of the last line is transcribed.
The extant portion reads : " but if any one, having opened the tomb,
dare to bury another without the consent of my wife, he shall pay to
the treasury five hundred denarii." It belongs to Thessalonica. The
date has not been ascertained. Money is to be paid to the ra/iietov,
that is, to the treasury.
(3) 420
3 ci 8c /i[7/, 8]wo-[e]t TO) Ta/i,[c]ta» vvkp €Ka(rTiy[s] \-qvov * . . . .
Only a small fragment of this inscription is preserved. It was found
in Thessalonica. The part transcribed is the only intelligible statement
in the extant portion. Reference is here made to the payment of a
certain sum of money to the rafiulov.
(4) 426
5 8u)orei T(S [UjpcoTaTO) rajueiui irpocrTtCfiov * p.v.
The whole of this inscription of five lines is extant, and the last
line is here transcribed. It was found in Thessalonica.
76 1292
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 77
A husband and wife built for themselves a tomb and made this
provision: "but whoever dares to bury any other person besides those
added in writing, he shall pay to the most sacred treasury a fine of
440 denarii."
(5) 447
3 ScdO'ci Tfa) KvpiaxtS rafieiw
Srjvdpva ttcvtc ^iXid&is.
The whole of this inscription of four lines is extant, but only the
last clause of it is transcribed. It was found at Kalamaria near Thessa-
lonica. It reads: "Gains Julius Eutychus, while living, built this
tomb for himself, and if any person, after I am buried, open it and
bury another, he shall pay to the imperial treasury 5,000 denarii."
This reference to the imperial treasury shows that the inscription
belongs to some time in the imperial period.
(6) ' 740
* fxvpia
The whole of this inscription is extant, but only the last two lines
are transcribed. It was found in Sokho which lies between Thessalonica
and Sirrhae. Dimitsas dates it about the first or second century a.d.
(Max., II, 602).
A certain man, Dionysius, erected a tomb for his son and provided
that if any other person should use this tomb for burial, he must pay
to the most sacred treasury 12,000 denarii.
(7) 781
4 SctfO'Ct TT/JOOTCt/XOU TW TafltLW * ,/5 KU.L Trj TToXtt ,/3.
The whole of this inscription of five lines is extant, and the fourth
line is transcribed. The inscription was found in Amphipolis, and
belongs to the year 205 a.d.
A certain man built a tomb for himself and his wife and on it he
wrote the following: "And if any other man shall dare to open [this
tomb], or to bury another body in it, he shall pay a fine to the treasury
of 10,000 denarii, and to the city 12,000 denarii." In this case the
Ttt/iictov does not refer to the treasury of the city, as one fine is paid
to the TapLulov and one to the city.
293
78 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
(8) 829
Eo"Tiv y€ Koi iiri Trj twv
avOpwTTwv <ru)Tr)pLa. to tolovto kol iirl tov icpwrarov ra/iuiov
15 ts dx^cAeta.
The whole of this inscription containing eighty-seven lines is pre-
served, except the first eight lines of it. Beginning at the middle of
1. 13 a line and a half is transcribed above.
In this inscription a protest is made against certain unjust practices
of the ruling classes in oppressing the common people, and it is asked
not only that their demands be granted, but that they be inscribed
and set up in some public place. In support of their protest they say
in the lines transcribed above: "Such a thing is for the safety of men
and for the advantage of the sacred treasury." In this instance the
interests of the sacred treasury are closely associated with the welfare
of men in general.
(9) 1220
7 ouTos BiixTtL Trj (daaioiv iroAci 8rjvdpia B
Kol Tw (e/}(uraTa( rafieia* oAXa Srjvdpia B.
The whole of this inscription is extant, and the last two b'nes are
here transcribed. For its place and date, and a translation of it see
VII. (5).^ ^
In this inscription, as in 781 above, money is to be paid both to the
Ta/Atctov and to the city.
This dissertation presupposes that we no longer regard the Greek
of the New Testament as an isolated language. Its sources are to be
found in (i) the Greek inscriptions, (2) the non-literary Greek papyri
of Egypt, (3) the current Greek literature of that period, (4) the Sep-
tuagint. In these four sources there is essential unity, with some
slight variations.
The Septuagint is in " translation Greek." It is the Greek in common
use at that time, with some modifications in construction conforming
to the Hebrew idioms which it translated. Ideas and concepts appeared
in the Hebrew Scriptures which were foreign to the Greeks, and so
new Greek words, in some cases at least, were formed to express these
new concepts. In other instances familiar Greek words were used
with a different shade of meaning.
294
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T. 79
In the non-literary Greek papyri the language of everyday life is
used. Many private letters have been found which preserve for us
the vernacular of the common people.
As respects inscriptions they were scattered over the whole area
of the Greek-speaking world, and are an important factor in showing
that the Greek spoken throughout the Roman empire was in the main
homogeneous. While they were written in the Greek then current,
they are probably farther removed from the spoken language than are
the non-literary Greek papyri. The inscriptions were intended for the
public, and so were more formal, more nearly in accord with the literary
usage of the time, than were the personal letters found in the papyri.
They were for the most part of a legal or technical character, and so
were expressed in a more formal manner than the spoken language.
The prose literature of that period might be taken as a sufficient
source for the New Testament Greek, were it not that it seems to be
pretty well established that writers of the New Testament drew more
largely from the oral language of the common people than did such
writers as Polybius, Josephus, or Philo. In this respect a closer parallel
to the Greek of the New Testament is to be found in the Greek papyri.
A wider range of usage may be obtained from the inscriptions than
from a single writer.
This treatise is concerned with only one of these sources, the Greek
inscriptions, and that from a definite geographical area. The inscrip-
tions from Macedonia are rather intimately related to the writings of
the New Testament. Some of the first gentile Christian churches
were founded in Macedonia. Some of the first epistles written by Paul
were to churches in Macedonia. Most of these inscriptions belong to
the time in which the Koiny was the current language, and are themselves
written in this "common" Greek.
In view of these facts it is evident that any lexical research in the
field of the inscriptions will have a bearing upon the language of the
New Testament. Those inscriptions which contain legal and govern-
mental terms are in the very nature of the case connected with oflficial
business, and such terms have almost invariably a strictly technical
meaning in the inscriptions. In the New Testament these legal and
governmental terms are generally used in a figurative sense, in religious
phraseology. It is not therefore to be supposed that there will be an
exact parallelism of usage in these two fields, but their figurative usage
in the New Testament depends for its significance upon the strictly
technical meaning assigned to the terms in literature which is mani-
295
80 HISTORICAL AND LINGUISTIC STUDIES
festly intended to be official and technical. In this respect it is hoped
that this investigation may, in some measure, make a contribution
toward a better understanding of the writings of the New Testament,
and that the word-index will be of value to all those who desire to make
further investigations in the field of the Macedonian inscriptions.
296
INDEX OF THE MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS
INDEX
eij3Xa/3«ts, 203: 16
aj8Xa/3ws, 203 : 1 2
ayad6%, 255:13; 675:4;
764:4; 1130:4
dyadov, 218:6
iyaBijt, 829:69
d7o»V, 469:5; 1090:3
ayad^, 1:1; 243 : 4; 262 : 1 ;
330:1; 342:1; 866:1;
1071:1; 1130:3; I141:
i; 1188:1; 1266:1;
1410:1; 1411:1; 1412:1
ayaeiji, 671:27; 848:1;
1364:1
dyae6p, 976:25, 50, 54;
1130:5
dyaBol, 976:10, 40
ayaOoTi, 43 2 : 2 ; 701:1;
976:29
a7aWs, 198:28
iyd\fia, 329:10; 669:6;
670:12
Ayav, 1172:3; 1413:4
aydvti, 674:1
dyyiXuv, 37:6
«7Y0J, 1364:5
iyios, 646 : 1 ; 701 : i ; 707 : 1 ;
840:1
aylov, 351:6; 646:3;
1585:1
d7fw»', 37:3; 363(9): 3
ayiois, 610:1
»7«a», 592:3; 889:4
47/0, 1108:4
dyiuTdrijs, 1109: 2
ay lurdrov, 591: 1
ay iUTdrji, 89 : 1 2
d7Xoto, 670: 14
d7X«iio-Ma, 329:19; 1172:3
dy\a6v, 1172:5
d7Xawi, 806:3
471-61, 46:11
dyopas, 675:46
299]
a7op<ifeti', 217:30
dyopavofi-flffai, 248 : 2 ; 1 13 1 : 2
dyopavo/jL-^iravTa, 1084:3
dyopavon{€v)ffayTet, 678:6
dyopay6iwv, 272:7
dyopaphfiui, 1364:10
dyopavbfxov, 1364:7
dyopaffiav, 248:3
dypltv, 763:4
dyxi-Oii^v, 1127:4
iyeii, 5:11
47ct;', 258:20; 1369:8
dyofi^vi}, 829:76
<i7'i»', 374:2
d7w»'«i, 675:40
d7cD»'tti, 671:74
d7wi'a, 675:39
dyuvi^uvrai, 671 : 11
d7wi't(rd^e»'ot, 374:5
dyuvoOeTT^ffavTot, 371:9
dyuPod^Tov, 55:8; 367:5
i-yWKOtf^TIJJ', 60:3; 373:8;
811:3,5; 812:2
45tti}s, 397:9
dSd^as, 116: 1
d3fX<^i}, 67:3; 689:4
ad€\<pijs, 363(10) :4; 909:
10
dSe\<f>v, 408:5; 436:3;
528:4; 888:2
d5€X0dj, 281:8
ddeK(p6i, 423:3
dS€\4>!^, 102:1; 254:6;
411:3; 436: 5, 8; 460: 2;
496:3; 547:3; 685:3;
688:2; 769:5; 786:2;
1007:7
ade\<t>ol, 506:1; 685:2
dSt\<poh, 160:2; 480:4
ddiKtiv, 198: 21
dSiKetffSai, 198: 21
dSAtijTij*-, 1172:13
dS6\ovs, 203: 16
83
dSoXwj, 203 : 1 2
d5(i)poit, 45 : 8
del, 671:4, 24
det/iviJcTTw;', 240:2
divaos, 241 : 2
dfjj^toj, 198:40
dfi/icvoj, 1127:4
d^dfarot, 403: 12
d^oi/drwc, 1140:3
dOiyiflt, 173:7
dtfXoOfTo, 362:7
AOvpov, 1172:9
af, 1161: 7
dtSfou, 1172: 15
d/dtov, 498:5; 1419:4
aWeptlais, 46 : 7
aWpT)*-, 1172:5
atfjMTOs, 106:3
of7o, 1 2 19: 1
aipi<Te<Tiv, 258: 19
alpoivTO, 855:8
alpeOi tire's, 1130: 15
4X[(]<rK«»^o(, 847:6
fipev, 787:2
dpafiivrj, 165:8
oiVwi', 787:3, 8
airlav, 671: 15
atrial, 829:81
ali/'tt, 329:7
aliiv, 74: II
alQvoi, 141 1 : 10
aiiifwy, 702: 2
aiui-fot;, 365:4; 889:2
alwviov, 418: 2; 789:5
aiuvloit, 829:3
dKaTdyvwaroif, 394:4
aK^paiov, IT. 2
dKoXoiJ^wi, 671:51, 69; 829:
38
dKOvw, 1419:7
dKHTJ, 670: 16
ditpos, 359:4
dKparri, 1369:15
84 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
Axvpov, 1369: 14
iKvpa, 1130:13; 1369:3
4X701, 1162:8
dXSriffKOirres, 329:4
d\«0oi/<r7;s, 2:1; 53:1
iXelipayra, 51:4
i\e^rjTr}pa, 257:7
iXevdfuvov, 1127:2
d\-i]dQ)i, 829:41, 47
oXi(ci)v, 590:7
iXiffKei, 63: 15
dWdfffftffOai, 763:14, 22
oXXaxoC, 829 : 30
dXXd, 5:9; 163:46; 198:46;
217:9; 329:6, 16, 22;
403:9; 477:3; 625:7;
742:21; 829:34, 39, 52,
74, 84; 1161:6; 1369:8;
1417:9, 11; 1419:7
^^^\ 37:4; 258:11, 25;
398:6; 403:18, 25;
498:6; 829:27; 1162:5;
1172:3, 13; 1369:14;
1413:4; 1419:9
AXXot, 670:7, 13
aXXoi;, 163:9, 32; 855:14
dxxo, 198:55; 255:18;
976:50
4XXot, 855 : 1 1 ; 1141:3
dXXai, 668:5
AXXwv, 742:15; 1142:10;
1320:2; 1369:7
AWoii, 675:39; 829:54
dXXat, 217:10; 829:51
dXXo, 217:43; 255:20;
668:6; 976:32, 43, 54;
1220:8
d\6xv, 165 : 1 ; 401 : 6
dXiJroty, 401 : 7
d\<puiv, 363:3
d/xa, 1110:5; 1172:9
dfielyovt, 198: 12
dfi^/jiWTuSy 172:8; 394:2;
457:2; 458:2
«M17»', 37:8; 909:8
O/il}T0U, 54:11
duotfii^v, 787:3
dixv^aKtiixdruv, 352:5
dfiv'XaKiwv, 363 : 6
dfxinuv, 363:4
duv/xovot, 361: 5
dn<t>l, 410: 2
dfut>6repoi, 199:3; 329:18
dp.<poT^poi.s, 5:10; 160:11;
742:22
ifupu, 76:3
dfidf/xv, 463:1; 517:1
&v, 198:26, 41, 44, 48
20o:6;363(5):4;37o:2
409:2; 410:4; 415:2
502:1; 743:4; 776:4
976:17, 45, 46,47, 50
1130:10, 11,13,15, 16
1141:4; 1321:3; 1369
9, 12, 14, 21
dvayicdj^ovffiv, 829: 28
dvayKaiot, 370: 12
dvayKaiov, 829:35
dyayKalui, 829:86
dvdyKri, 829:53
drayoptvffai, 671 : 10
dvaypaipiis, 675:47; 743:3
draypa(f>i, 258:3
dyaypaiprji, 671:75
dvaypa(f>-^r, 671:65
dviypa\f/af, 1130:2
dvaypa^ivra, 829:61
dvaypdfai, 256:6; 671:
16; 847:15; 1130:10;
1141:3
dvaypdtpc^atTa, 976:33
dvaypd\f'a»rei, 1369: 16, 18
dvaypa<pi}Pai, 675:45
dvaXdifiaffi, 62:6
dvfSelxOvs, 670:12
dva^ev^ai, 855:16
dvaOiatui, 248:5
dvapaipr}iJ.ivo%, 1364:3
dvaipeprifiivov, 1364:5
dvd\7]p.\f/iv, 829:29
dvaXritpOels, 612:2
dvdXw^ta, 1130: II
dyaXiifiara, 247:4
dcoj, 329:2, 13
dvOKTOI, 350: 2
dva^lus, 106:4
300
d»'airai;<ra;a^i'7;, 37:10
dftna'itffOai,, 401 : 5
dvaffrdaeus, 620:5
dvacrrdTovi, 829:4
dv^07jKe, 1085:4
dvidriKtv, 62:7; 213:4;
222:2; 248:8; 253:6;
335:9; 1186:2; 1373:2
dvddrjKty, 780:3
dvidijKav, 61:3; 88:2;
346:5; 823:2; 1187:2
dvidrjKOV, 229:5
dvidiTo, 520: 2
dvaOelvai, 671: 28
dvarldtjueiv, 126:8
dvfTpe<poy, 329:3, 14
dvSpaydOrffff, 116:3
dvSptlas, 675:35
dpSptlav, 670:8
dvdpidvrwy, 248:5
dvrjyeipov, 329: 18
dvi)yipe-n, 351:1; 355:1;
872:1
dvevifOit, 829: 21
dve^piie-q, 1369:2, 3
dwi;, 829: 29
dvevdt, 561:8
dvi}\lK(p, 1140:1
o-v-np, 255:13; 598:3; 764:
4; 1130:4
dvdp6t, 126:5; 218:6;
258:17: 340:3; 625:3
dvdpl, 15:3; 16:6; 27
3; 29:3; 39:3; 40:2
86:3; 95:3; 96:2
97:3; 100:3; 101:5
143:3; 147:3; 166:3
176:4; 179:4; 180:3
224:2; 262:7; 290:3
308:8; 331:2; 363(5)
3; 388:4; 390:2; 391
2;405:3;4i2:2;443:5
444:2; 445:4; 449:3
451:2; 466:4; 467:4
499:2; 524:1; 529:9
546:1; 547:2; 627:2
683:6; 765:2; 819:2
843:2; 845:2; 865:1
847:2; 1421:10
INDEX
85
ivSpa, 8:2; 98:2; 162:
3; 194:2
AvSpav, 687: 2
ivSpfs, 612:1; 976 : 10, 40
avdpdffiv, 976:29
ivdpas, 403:6; 743:1
a»do(popov, 1 140: 2
ivdo<t>6pov, 1134:3
av$p(I)irtvov, 889: 1
ivdpwiroi, 116:5
avdpd)iru)v,()6S:s; 829:14
dvdpdxovi, 742:4
dvftJjraToi, 367: 2
ivSwdrov, 221:4
^fiap^j-, 361:8
«"'{«, 475:5
ivirfv, 361 : 8
&vei<T0ai, 217:32
avlKTjre, 829:49
dv4iTTij<re, 434:6; 747:6
avicTt^crev, 747:5
dfaiTTdi, 46:9
ttw<7Topi}eijv, 355:4
dvot^ai, 412:4; 740:6;
781:3; 933:3
dwifas, 413 : 1 ; 447 : 2
ivol^, 89: 10
ayraftelfaadai, 589 : 7
dirra^'w*', 247:6
dj'Tttj'oiJj, 247 : 4
dcTt, 976:27, 44, 50;
1163:8
dvTfacrev, 214:4
dpTi^oXure, 363 : 5
dKTtYpa^^i, 829:49
dvrlypa<pov, 761:54; 933:3
dvTlypa<f>a, 1369:17
avriypaipai, 829: 13
dvTt7po0oi'(ii'i7S, 126:24
dvTi5/5oi>, 353:4
dyriXaPov, 397: 14
dwJIu, 499:4
«VX«, 5:2
ivw, 45: 10
avwrepov, 675:6
dvuvvfMutj 362 :8
«f^«^ 353:5
d{t0\07(iTOT0C, 1412:3
i^ioKoydtrdTT]!', 1410:2;
1411:4
A^ios, 180:5
d^tov, 198:49; 374:5;
671:3
d^nlxrei, 671:38, 53
d|iw9«/s, 248:5; 671:67
dtt<iAtaTt, 524: 2
df/ws, 671:3s
a^iuais, 829: 70
d{tw<r«a>», 829:66
dirayyM<ov<Ti, 977:13
d')ro7a)7i7V, 976: 17
dTTatda, 1 161 :4
diraXXa7efi, 1386:3
diraya\l<TKeiv^ 258:23
dTracT^ffoxri, 198:49
dira^, 361 : 7
dTapx^s, 1188:2; 1189:1
diraai, 1127:5
diroi'Tes, 280: 1
dirdvTuv, 978: 18
dTro»'Ta, 976:45
direXeiiSepos, 993:3; 1346:2
dTeXen^^poiT, 10:4
direXei/fl^pa, 905 : 2
fiTrep, 976:45
air6, 195:3; 198:30; 247:5;
248:1; 296:3; 506:3;
700:3; 740:6; 829:41;
829:56,64; 869:3; mo:
7; ii6i:i; 1338:3;
1411:5
dir\ 1162:5; 1411:10
d7ro/3«/3X:jKc05, 670:3
dTroypa<p"fi, i : 2
dirodei^oKTiV, 1130:11
diroSedeivy/xivot, 248:6
aTToSiKTaii, 1 131 : 2
diroS^^affdai, 258:18
dirode^dfjxvov, 675:43
diroSuxrei, 671 :37
aTToduxTovffiv, 675:42
diro5ovvai, 21 7: 41; 671: 59
dirod6vros, 671:49
dirodiaOai, 763 : 23
air^duKev, 671 : 59
airo5o0TJi, 976: 21
301
diroiKlai, 976: 50
dTTO/cXefoiiffi, 217:22
dnoK\r}pu64vr(jjv, 258:2
dir^KTdVfv, 675: 18, 30
aTToXiJi/'ovrot, 743 : i
diroXa/Serj', 889 : 2
diroXi/^iirdcoj^ej, 829:27
dTToXt/xirdvovrai, 829:50
dir6Xo7ot, 1130:14, 15
d7roX67oi»j, 1364:9
arreXvev, 1133:3
airo\4ari, 37:3
direW^ii/'a/ie^, 671:54
diropiai', 829:83
dir^ffxetXev, 1067:1
dWcr Xev, 932:3
diroffreiXai, 671:36
dTToo'TaX^i'Toj, 671:48
d7ro<rTaXe(s, 671:57;
675:4
dtroOiffTf, 776:6
diroOiaOai, 1305 : 2
dTTore^^vot, 776:4
d-n-or€\€<TOr)<Tbixiva, 369 : 5
diroTiTeLp.r)p.ivr)v, 217:38
dTTOTCT t/ixTj/ii^^otJ, 2 1 7 : 33
dTTor/vetv, 1329: 1
&\}/dp.evos, 1413:4
airoipalvei, 255:6
d-Ko^dip-ivov, 1 163 : 2
aTTOcpdlpfvai, 1172:10
•i^P*. 360:5; 362:10
<Ip7os, 671 : 12
dpyvplov, 126:10; 829:29
dpyvpim, 763:18
dp7yptoi', 248:3; 258:20,
25
dp7i;p6T;Xe, 362: 10
dpeLOTipy]v, 329:5
dpiaaai, ^-j-.-j
dptT^i, 221:4; 329:12;
378:8; 379:9; 401:3;
671:14,34; 746:6;8ii:9;
1071:4; 1122:1; 1130:6
dperriv, 165:7
dperQv, 670: 2, 5, 10
dperdi, 329: 1
86 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
dpiffTo J, 1128:2
ApiffTOv, 373:6
ipltrr-nv, 329:15
dpLffTOVs, 160: 7
ipKOVjJiivuVy 217:16
•jjpoffe, 214: 1
Hpirafft, 1 161: 1
i^pevai, 669:5
dpp-fiKTois, 623: 1
apftuxTTlai, 625:4
Apaeva, 1163:5
ipTi, 398:9; 1 161 : 1
<l/9X«^«»'> 217: 20
dpxv", 671:7
dpxds, 203:6
dpxaU, 1131:3
dpxteiri(TK6irov, ^^i : 12; 591:
2; 610:2; 622:5; 626:1;
697:2; 700:5
dpxiepareiovTOi, sg:y, 351:
10
dpx te/oews, 1136:5; 1145^2
dpxifp^<^^, 55'-7; 240:1;
812:7; 1109:4; 1132:1
APX««P^ 366:4
dpxtep^o, 365:10; 369:9;
373:7; 378:4; 379:4;
811:1, 3; 812:2
dpx'<^'""*7'^7'>') 747:2
dpx^'TfKTOi'ovvTOS, 678:9
dpXf't 200:5
M«'"n'> 365:12; 369:11
fipltts, 1131:1
dp^d/ievoj, 370: 22
dpxw»', 1147:19
ipXovTos, 53:3; 216:2;
255:2; 977:1; 1266:2;
1364:1
&PXOVT1, 629:4; 658:5
Apxcvrei, 976:45; 1 130:
11: 1141:5; 1369:4
apx^vrwc, 1130: 1
dpxovras, 976:46
dffKT^ffai, 670:8
A<r7ra<rd|«€»'0t, 675:41
dar-qp, 670:6
do-Toi, 563 : 5
d<ri}»'/(piTO»', 1411:6
dTo\o(^p6TO, 1172:13
dxAeia, 1369: i
dxAetov, 763:27
dreXiJi, 1369:12
drtXeFs, 198:9, 32
dT^ovra, 63:8
aC, 4:5; 1419:9
oi57aj, 1417:6
aS^ts, 362 : 2
aipiov, 255:19; 256:8;
976:38
aina5i\<}ni}v, 622:1; 872:4
airlKa, 198: 5, 6
auTO/cpdropoi, 351:8; 365:2;
367:5; 369:1
ouTOfcpdropa, 333:2; 590:
2; 829:66; 1089:1;
1408: I
avTOKpdropi, 366 : 2, 6 ;683 :i ;
829:1
avTOKparSpuv, 622:2
avTOKpdropas, 243 : 7
aixvi^f 670: 1
d<^aipoOj'Tai, 217:22
d0«X7706Taj, 976:20
d4>i]Kes, 3^9: 20
d0^/c€v, 258: II
d<p0iroi, 523:3
d(piep(t)0r], 607 : i
d^ivvijuevos, 671:36
d<ppd<TTOis, 353 : 1
dXttp'**? 262: 29
dxpdKTOu, 889:3
<iXP*, 208:3
pdffpov, 721:2
PdOpov, 670: 10
^d(?pwi', 355:1; 593:1;
611:3; 1286:2
/Safvwi/, 403: A, 3
e/3j;, 1172:6
6/31JS, 498:2
^e^a/xnivats, 806: 2
PapPapiKTJi, 670:4
pdpfiapov, 669:5
^ap^dpuv, 675:23
^dprj, 829:46
yt^apu)fie9a, 829:56
302
/SacrtXc/as, 278:4; 351:7;
355:5; 1108:5
/SaaiXe^ac, 806: 7
/Sao'IXetoi', 669: 2, 6
/SttfftXeiJj, 763 : 1 ; 840: i
/Sao-tX^wj, 351:6, 8; 831:
i; 849:1; 1124:3
jSaffiXe?, 885 : 4
^affik^a, 1124: 2
fiaaiKiwv, 622: 2
/9a(r(X(«c6s, 637:1; 648:4;
1361:1
/3a<riXt/coO, 622:4; 631:2;
647:5; 659:3; 717:1
/SacrtXtKv, 629:3; 630:2;
638:3; 639:4; 642:3;
656:1; 657:3; 658:3;
660:4; 707:2
/3a(riXi/cwv, 634:2; 635:3
jS^jSt/Xoj, 607:1
PeXrioOadai, 829: 12
piffT^, 663:4
^15X0^,647:7; 662:5; 663:6
yS/ov, 829: 22, 41
/Stdfetrtfai, 829:23
/3tofo/it^voi»t, 217:39
/3/ou, 1134:4; 1162:2;
1223:5
^IV, 310:1; 787:9
/Sioy, 116:1; 184:3; 195:3
/SkStou, 398:3; 401:7;
403 r.':7
fitor-^v, 563:3
fiLWffdffy, 598 : 1
j8t(i<raj, 410: 1
Pidaavri, 224: i
/SX(?7rwv, 625:8; 787:8
^X(j3«v, 675:25
^OTidelas, 208:3
^o-^dei, 63S : 1 ; 640 : i ;
642:1; 644:1; 647:1;
657:1; 658:1; 659:1;
660:1; 662:1; 663:1;
675:1; 708:1
/SotJ^tj, 636:2; 639:1;
719:1
fio-ndeiv, 589:7
fiorjdov/iivov, 829:70
INDEX
87
/So^eios, 548:4
/SouXeuT^pwj', 671:17; 682:
14
Pov\evT7iplov, 248:5
/Soi^XeuTi}!, 744: 1
/3oi/Xei/Tw>', 675:3, 40
ftovXevrais, 671:77
/Soi/XeuToO, 3gQ : 1 2
/Sot/XovTOf, 217:19
^ovXeffOai, 675 : 25
/3oi;Xi}, 50:1; 51:1; 52:1;
1369:21
^uX^J, 1:6; 37:8; 255:1;
258:27; 365:9; 976:31,
33; 977:14, 15; 1130:3
/SoX^i, 256:7
/SoXei, 976:49
^ouX^, 198:3, 32, 57;
199:5; 258:16; 977:8,
10; 1130:5
^vXiji, 255:4, 10, 12;
671:1, 8, 20, 27, 46;
675:36; 976:2
fiovXei, 671:70; 976:54
Pov\-^v, 198:26; 203:6;
258:11; 671:17; 976:
30
povXal, 668:5
jioiXwv, 671: 1
(iovXaU, 1140:3
fiovKuvoi, 671 : 70
^o6\Tiffiy, 258:17
Pov\6iJ.evoi, 976: 23
Pov\oivTo, 855 : 1 1
§ov\r]d^, 1220:6
/Spaxi/*-, 184:3
ppoTois, 1172:4
PpoTotfft, 403 : 4
ppv<nv, 1 361 : 3
^ufxiii, 262:22
pup.Qi, 671:31, 64
Pun6v, 262:20; 348:6;
363(5) :s; 386:6; 560:
3; 747:6
PuiMoHs, 374:4
70117, 46:8
Taiiys, 694:5
7o/i/3p6x, 89:6
ya/x^p^, 436:6; 483:4
7011/779, 1 1 72: 14
7«i^v, 1 163: 1
yifMV, 1162:5
7<ip, 76:3; 89:3; 106:4;
401:2; 403: A', 11; 829:
79; 1172:7
yeivofUvuv, 258:13
yfiva/xdvoLS, 1140:8
yeiruv, 1388:4
7evei), 403: A', 10
ytv^TTji, 1172:12
y^vrtfw., 1361:1
7^»'0i, 76: 2; 1130:8
yevijOtlffift, 1369:2, 10
7^»'i(f, 410: 2
7^po, 46 : 6
7e/)oi/<r/a, 1411 : 2
yepovaiaSf 14 10: 7
yepovffid^ovffiv, 1411:12
yv, 403: A', 2
yrjv, 217:21, 33, 38; 847:4
yridbfievov, 398:6', 2
yifdbffvvoi, 361 : i
7'^/3ao J, 4 : 6
7/7as, 625:5
yivav, 1163:5
ylyvrirai., 198:15, lO;
199:9
iyiyvero, 198:8, 30; 976:
47
yiyveaOai, 829:4
yiveffdai, 675:45
7eYoi'6Toi, 198: 17
iyivfro, 591:3; 700:5;
976: 10, 40
y^vnrai, 1130:11
yiviadu, 247 : 5
yevio^Oai, 769: 7
7f vA/xeTOj, 1392 : 2
7tvopi^coii, 258:24
7ej'6^aj', 397: 7
yfv6p.t)v, 397:10
7e>'6/zfva, 365:8
y€vop.ivovi, 261 : 8
7ev6/wij', 397:7
303
ytv6p.-t)v, 397:10
ytydyifTai, 1130:4
yvilxry, 909:3
y\a<pvpq., 670: 13
7XotKOTdT(j>, 1421 :8
y\vKel(/., 185:4
7Xi;/ci/, mo: 2
7Xi/iciiTdT77, 411 : 2
7Xi;(ci;t(£tt7, 30:2; 78:4;
85:2; 130:2; 175:3;
399:6; 415:2; 429:3;
462:1; 525:1
yXvKVTdTtp, 172:3; 179:
3; 210:2; 363(5): 2;
410:3; 411:3; 435:3;
467:4; 476:2; 532:1;
740:2
yXvKvrdroii, 414:2; 620:
3; 929:9
yvrjaioii, 1051:7; 1082:7
7»'t6/ii7J, 742: 21
yvd)p.r}v, 255:11; 977:14
yviifuii, 198:28
70 ml, 446:6
yoveSffi, 442:8
7ov«i/<rtJ', 299:6; 498:4;.
620:3
yvQffif, 829:67
yovTJei, 329:9
yovaiai, 1161 :5
ybvov, 625: 2
ybois, 1163:2
7pcl5oi'j, 427: 2
ypa/xfidruy, 1369:17
ypd^ixara, 829:61
ypaixiMTii, 976:31
ypannar^a, 256:7; 976:
33^ 49
ypapLfiaTotpvXdKiov, 368:8
iypanfJidrtve, 198:2, 4, 58
h/panpArevev, 976:5;
977:6
ypd^paro, 76:5
7po/i/iaTei/o>'TOj, 678:8
ypap-iMLTivbinuiv, 596:5
yfypann^yats, 258:19
ypayf/an^vovt, 198:39
yeypdiparai, 198:10
88 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
yvfivaffiapxoOvTos, 364 : 7
7ii^tvtt<ria/)X'}<''*5, 248:4, 6
yvuvafflapxof, 307 : $
yvfjLvaaidpxov, 1132:1
yvfivafflov, 216: 2
yv/ivaaloii, 1417:7
T"*"?. 48:6; 74:10; 134:2;
775:2; 823:2; 1135:1;
1336:1; 1418:2; 1419:2;
1594:4
yvvaK6i, 301:2; 413:4;
849:4
yvvaiKl, 78:5; 393:1;
399:3, 14; 401:2;
419:2: 429:4; 454:2;
457:1; 484:2; 494:2;
520:2; 543:2; 555:1;
665:2; 769:5; 815:3;
862:3; 1220:2; 1589:1
yvvaiKa, 72:2; 82:2;
130:2; 158:3; 221:4;
254:4; 1134:2; 1339:3
iSdt}, 46:6
Saifiovli^, 536:3
6a//uwv, 562:3; 1161:2
Salfiovei, 74:5
Salfiova, 498:6
SaKpv, 403: A', 2
SaKpiuv, 773:6
idifia(T(T€, 1127:1
iddfMCTfffv, 329:7
dd/jMpre, 46 : 2
dairdvi)v, 55:5
8d<(>vns, 671:9, 13, 61
5^, 502:2; 593:7; 668:6
669:6; 670:12; 671:12
17, 18, 36, 64; 675:8
18,35,45; 694:8; 740:4
742:11, 12; 747:7;775:2
776:4; 781:2; 806:5
811:4, 6; 829:22, 29, 33
36, 44, 59, 65, 75, 76, 85
847:10, 14, 17; 855:3
13, 17; 976:21, 22, 32
38, 45, 50, 52, 59, 60
1130:10, 12, 14, IS, 16
1141:5; 1220:6; 1295:2
1321:3; 1364:2, 4, 6, 8,
9, 10; 1369:1, 19, 22;
1418:2
5', 214:1, 3; 261:7;
362:2; 397:12; 398:6;
498:3; 561:7; 563:3,
4; 625:7, 26, 30;
697:4; 847:11; 1122:
4; 1130:9, ", 13;
1140:3; 1162:4, 8;
"63:2,3,5,7; 1298:2;
1369:9
^5et, 403 : 8
S^ovrai, 976:50
Seix^ds, 670: 1
Suva, 198:52; 1132:1, 3;
1369:23
Sftirvov, 743:15
5Atoi, 354:2
Sifias, 4:1; 1172:5
5^o«', 593 : 2
S^dopKe, 1163:8
S4ffiroivijs, 351:2; 592:4
5e<rir6T^, 213: i
devre, iiio: i
Seirre^ov, 371:5
Sevripq., 365:4
devT^pa, 198:53
3*^353:2
Si^aro, 1122:4
S^fos, 116:2
5ex6/xc^a, 829:35
iS^^aro, 46 : 5
o^wvrai, 198:56
SeV??, 829:67
diijTai, 742: 12
St6iJ.€0a,
idiovTO, 976:17
deofjiivoi^, 829:16
iSei^di^aav, 829:3
iS'^\u(xa, 247:3
iSrikdiffOLHiv, 829:38
577/iapxt«^s, 366:4
Sr]napxnc6s, 63:3
Srj/xttpx'K^s, 371:4
S^MOS, 50:1; 52:1; 198:29;
671:5, 12, 25; 671:33,
41, 59; 672:1; 927:4;
304
1080:2; 1085:1; 1338:1;
1339:1; 1340:2
Sefiot, 976:61
St/ihov, 255:17; 365:9;
369:5; '671:39; 671:
57; 675:5; 743:13;
"30:3; 1369:6, 21
Svfj-v, 198:3, 32, 57;
199:6; 255:4; 847:1;
1130:6; 1369:2
5r)fiu)i,, 671:1, 8, 20, 23,
28, 43, 47; 675:36;
743:5
d'^p.ot, 976:2
Srjfioy, 198:5, 6, 27, so;
255:10, 12; 671:7, 16,
35, 38, 70; 977:13, 15
i-f)n6<Tua, 217:41; 847:10,21
hr)fM<Tl(^f, 198: 10
Srifiofflwv, 217:5, 32
STjvap/wi', 258:27; 261:3
Sr}vdpia, 89:13; 217:42;
401:10; 409:3; 410:5;
411:6; 412:5; 415:4;
417:4; 419:7; 447:4;
475:7; 476:4; 503:3;
1220:6, 7; 1334:5
Srjra, 360:1
Sid, 198:22; 208:2; 217:47;
248:5,8; 261:9; 365:9;
369:8; 378:5; 379:5;
593:2; 671:67; 675:15,
25; 829:19, 33, 49, 57,
79, 81, 8s, 86; 872:2;
889:1; 1109:3; 1134:4;
1276:4; 1321:2
5i', 213:5; 671:49
Si^Pvv, 398:5
5ia/3oi^rou, 829: 25
5ia/36Xatov, 355:5
Siaypa4>iji, 1108:3
Siayuyi^v, 742: 15
510707(6*', 889: 1
SiaOriKij, 128:3
SiadriKTis, 348:5
SiaOi^Krjv, 258: 12, 19
SiadTjKuv, 369:6
S(.adTJKas, 281:6
INDEX
89
5ia/caT^X<"^f5t 217:11
SiaKiivvov, 363 (7): 4
Sia\ey4vToi, 671:51, 69
8taX«7roi/<ras, 370:20
Siatwvijt, 365:4
Siairpaxdv, 198:55
SiaTTvpq), 806:4
Siaffti}(Ta0, 403 : 10
SiaTayfJMTi, 247:3
Stdrafii', 217: 26
Siardyftaffiv, 829:68
SierfKeffav, 976:43
diareriXeKev, 675:6
Siarrjpifiaas, 675:33
Sia<p4poyTa, 930 : i
8ia<pfp6vT(i)v, 675:9
Siaxtiporopijffai, 198:5
8iSvfMovi, 160: 5
SlSwffi, 763:3, 18, 27
d(d6va(, 217:31
Sid6a(Tiv, 976: 22
5*i<ret, 401:3, 9; 410:5;
415:4; 418:4; 420:2;
426:5; 447:3; 475:7;
476:4; 740:8; 781:4;
1220:7; 1298: 2;
1315:1
S(i>ceTe, 370:8
56<roj, 932:4
tSoaav, 217: 13
tidwKe, 910:11; 1172:7
fSwKev, 763: 10, 25
Sodfiffai, 666 : i
5<i<ri, 363 (5):6; 411:5;
412:4; 413:4; 417:3;
419:6; 501:2; 776:7
Sovvai, 403:8; 671:39,
68, 74; 743:10; 976:
38; 1130:11
HduKe, 400:9
Sovt, 258: 25
SifTOi, 55:5; 399:9
deduK^vai., 829:69
SidoKTai, 370: 26
Sie^dneiTTTo, 1162:3
SUirovTi, 217:46
5ir]veKeU, 589:9
ditjveKoOi, 812: II
8iKd, 1361 :5
oiKaffdcrdu, 1130:16
SiKaadadwv, 1130:14, 15
biKd^eadai, 1364:9
StutdffwvTot, 1130:15
BlKaiov, 198: 18
SiKaldjv, 589:8
SiKonoaivrj, 701 : 2
8lKr), 403: 12
BIkijv, 403 :r', 4
Stj'ordrotcri, 45:8
S(69b;(>, 217: 23
5ijr\6o, 1162:3
Sti, 360:1; 744:1; 811:7;
"34:3
SiffffoTi, 1163:4
Slxa, 403 : A', 5
5i^3, 1 1 10: 1
S6yfjM, 1:6; 217:30, 40,
4s; 398:4
367^0x01, 258:3
8€Sod4v(i), 261 : 4
SoKH, 198:6, 18; 255:12;
829:69; 976:53; 977:15
8oKy, 198:48; 742:22
86^7)1, 671:76
8oKoiff7ii, 352: 2
SoKovvra, 829:77
fSofe, 199:5; 217:24,45
i8o^ep, 198:3, 32, 56;
255:4; 258:16; 671:1,
20; 847:1; 977:8
["E] 8ox<T€v, 976:2
SS^avra, i 130: 13
8e8oyfj.^voii, 671:69
8€S6x0a.i, 671:7, 27, 70;
675:36; 1130:5
86\ixov, 56:3, 5
86\os, 106: 1
iS6fji7]ei, 833: 2
86fMov, 498 : 2
861J.01S, 1 161 : 4
5<i|^s. 675:35; 840:1
86^av, 702 : 2
56^ay, 1161:3; 1162:9
SovXevdivrei, 126:6
JoOXos, 278:1; 670:22;
849:3
305
SovXov, 674: 2
SouXif), 63 1 : 1 ; 636 : 3 ;
638:2; 639:2; 640:2;
644:2; 647:2; 650:1;
651:1; 652:2; 654:1;
657:2; 658:2; 659:2;
660:2; 708:1; 1014:2
SoOXoi', 835: 2; 1364:6
8oi\rju, 125: 10
Soi\ti)v, 1369: 5
opaxiJ-cii<Tiv, 198:38
iSpaffev, 1138:2
Sp6fiov, 1163:3
86vaTai, 255:13; 1130:4
Svvavrai, 976:25, 58
Swd/xeda, 829:46
SvvdffOu, 1369:13
8}jva<Tdai, 829:39
Svvd/xevoi, 829:36
S6vr}rai, 255: 18
Svvt](T6fj.e$a, 829:59
Svyarwrepot, 217:16
8vvd(TT0V, 675:22
SvffdSXtov, 45 :4
8v<rl, 671 :9, 62
Svffip, 671 : 14
Svafuevioiv, 1127:2
Sia/xopov, 1 161 : i
8va-irev8^i, n6i :8
Svffirev$4i, 1162:7
8i(iu)<nv, 262: 16
Soipedj', 399:13; 400:11
Swpoj', 353:2
5wp', 1162:10
Supois, 45:8
^dv, 83:1
198:11
13, 19,
20, 24, 2
7; 208:6
217:39;
255:16;
401:8;
413:1;
417:2;
447:2;
475:5;
476:3;
740:4;
742:22;
829:55.
60; 977:
17
Wm. 198
:23, 56
iavTov,
80:1;
222:2;
258:9;
393 : I ;
434:3;
494:2;
542:3;
1134:2;
1175:3;
1220:3
eai/T^j,
162:3;
176:4;
194:2
; 288:4;
340:2;
90 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
404:2; 463:4; 466:4;
514:1; 687:3; io8i:j;
1411:8
eavry, 78 : 6; 80 : 2 ; 106 : 4 ;
205:4; 263:2; 283:2;
287:3; 399:2; 406:3;
418:1; 429:2; 434:2;
436:8; 447:1; 454:3;
462:5; 471:6; 475:4;
483:3; 488:4; 494:4;
522:1; 815:2; 817:2;
845:6; 1220:2; 129S: I
eavT^, 161:2; 179:6;
287:5; 390:3; 402:2;
427:2; 431:6; 444:5;
445:4; 449:5; 459:1;
465:6; 499:3; 509:1;
531:1; 691:5; 818:4;
845:3; 874:3
(avT6v, 82:4; 99:3; 675:
16
eatn-^v, 260:5
iavTwv, 395:3; 746:5;
813:7; 1412:6
(avToTt, 204:2; 217:10;
387:7; 394:1; 414:2;
417:1; 419:4; 426:2;
435:9; 455:3; 456:2;
493:5; 495:3; 496:3;
863:12
tavTovi, 281:7
iyelptt., 112:1
rjyeipe, 611 : 2
ijyetpep, 1417:9
iyelpas, 349:1
iyybvif, 409:2
iyyhvoii, 394 : i
iyKkfifidruv, 112:1
^7)caTaXi7re?i/, 829:39
fyxar^X". 1140:2
iyKitiixiov, 240: 1
*5o0os, 5:4
Idei, 360:3
(drj, 361:6
iSpa, 362 : 1
«p', 361:4
0i\rrr€, 208:6
r)d{\i)ffiv, 258:25
deX^TU, 1369:8
fBvo\j%, 248:7; 675: II
*6v-n, 349 : 2
tdos, 1380:7
(dov, 670: 10
te\ 361:7
(6u, 370:21
d, 83:2; 180:7; 198:51;
370:8; 420:2; 855:
17; 1172:5; 1369:1;
1417:6
«5^, 412:4
tid-^fiova, 1122:1
elSrJTf, 671:54
etddv, 398:4
eldires, 403 : 1 1
eiSivai, 365:6
eUoffrif, 410: 1
eiKOffrbv, 1163 :3
tiKbvuv, 248:4
tifi-f), 829:54
«A"7, 361:4
iarl, 397:4; 498:6
^<r-r\ 5:4
iffriv, 255:13; 397:5;
764:4; 829:13, 53. 71;
1140:3
etV/, 976:57
Tiv, 4:3; 116:3; 1364:4, 8
effTW, 200:4; 203:10, 13;
742:9; 847:22; 1130:
13; 1369:12
fdruv, 1369:6, 9
elvat, 125:10; 198:9,
49, 60; 255:17, 22;
829:38, 69; 847:11,
976:15,29,45; 1130:6;
1364:5. 6
idjv, 909:4
idlVTUV, 198:38
&v, 1130:4
6vToi, 593 : 6
€'?»', 214:1
?<»', 329:8
ivra, 671:38, 73
6vra%, 255:15
^6«'Tai, 1364:8
(ffKe, 401 : 2
fffffOfiivoici, 76:7
306
IV, 742: A', 6
elv, 363:4
etyeKev, 401:3; 829:25
etpijj-ijt, 675:33
els, 46:9; 173:2; 217:28,
42; 248:2, 3; 255:8, 10,
i9;258:23;279:6;329:2;
353:5; 396:4; 419:6;
607:1; 612:2, 4; 671:15,
16, 17, 18, 29, 30, 35, 37,
SO, 60; 672:4; 675:11,
20, 44,45; 740:5, 743:9;
749:9; 764:6; 787:2;
829:22, 27, 41, 55, 76,
78, 83; 1108:4; 1110:6;
1130:6, 11; 1334--3;
1369:16; 1417:10
is, 195:3; 198:25; 360:
5; 847:16; 909:7;
976:10, 38, 40, 41, 52,
59; 1369:18; 1419:6
eiffdyoyri, 763 : 29
ei<revidr]K€V, 5:8
eUrfKaxfv, 160:9
ei(r<pip€i, 666:4
etre, 198:6
el'wj, 1369: 12
iK, 16:4; 29:5; 62:5;
8o:i;87:i;i43:4;i49:2;
179:4; 180:2; 181:3;
198:1; 213:4; 222:7;
231:5; 248:4, 8; 258:12,
21; 260:5; 261:3; 282:2;
294:4; 299:7; 300:6;
352:2; 355:1; 363: (5),
3; 365:7; 369:6; 380:3;
403:6; 411:2; 412:3;
417:1; 419:5; 426:2;
429:3; 462:4; 463:3;
475:3; 476:2; 499:2;
536:6; 550:1; 560:2;
593:1; 611:3; 668:4;
675:31; 740:3; 764:4,
6; 786:4; 804:3; 811:7;
909:7; 927:4; 976:18,
20; 1069:2; 1080:3;
1085:3; 1087:1; 1089:3;
1130:8; 1135:3; 1141:2;
1286:2; 1348:5; 1588:3
^7, 198:35; 214:3; 742:17
INDEX
91
^KOffTOS, 198:39; 396:3
fKiffTov, 198:36
€Kd,ffT1)i, 420:2; 1364:8
^KaffTOV, 829:50
€KdcTOTe, 855:4; 976:45;
1364:7
fKdrtpov, 203:4
(Karipovi, 742:21
iKttTt, 1162:9
(K<xrbv, 363: (4), 2
iK^dWeiv, 217:37
f/c/3idfovTat, 217:17
iKy6vois, 763:12, 20, 29
iK8iddffK€i, 349: 2
i^edlKfffftv, 562 : 7
iicet^ 217:8; 299:7
^(ceivou, 29:5; 179:5; 181:4;
786:4
ixelvip, 29:6; 179:5;
786:5
iicetva, 217:18
iKfiae, 829:25
iKK\t)<rlay, 198:54; 255:11;
671:50
iKK\rifflai, 889:4
iKK\r}ffidffaTO, 217:1
^vXfiirwj', 675 : 10
iKir\i)poT, 112:3
iKirXTjpdv, 682: 12
iKiroptvdfii, 675:26
iKiroptvdivroi, 675:12
^{exAeo-e, 623:1
i^(Ti\ovv, 563 : 5
f(CTive, 562:3
^<(t6s, 933:4
AaTToOff^at, 829:23
^Xartvwi', 742:11
Aax^ffTous, 829:41
i\4riffov, 37:4
AeTjWj'Tts, 829:57
iXtiidepov, 275: 17
i\ev0^pav, 126:11
i\fvd€pw$el^, 207:3
^XXo/xTTTw/iaTa, 829: 78
Afl-ij, 670:11
AirfSoj, 1172:14
Air/Swy, 670:15
^Havr^, 410:4
ifjiavry, 409 : 2 ; 5 24 : 1 ;
1421:4
ifiidiv, 1172:6
inp-tvO), 742:23
ifiiripapjoVy 1122:2
^/iTTOi'erv, 217: 29
ifj,v6piov, 199:7
/i-, 4:3; 14:6; 45:6; 46:5;
106:1; 107:3; 109: 1,3;
112:6; 126:19; 155:3;
169:2; 180:5; 198:14,53;
209:3; 217:11; 247:6;
248:4; 258:5; 262:15;
278:5; 281:2; 329:15;
350:6; 362:7; 397:8,12;
398:4; 401:2; 403:5, 7;
420:1; 548:3; 589:2, 4,
5; 593:6; 610:1; 646:4;
670:15, 22; 671:10, 42,
63, 64; 675:10, 14, 19,
27, 29, 33, 39, 46;
679:5; 697:4; 701:1, 2;
763:5, 18; 769:2; 787:9;
801:4; 829:3, 17, 19, 26,
29, 58,60, 61, 75; 836:1;
855:7; 869:5; 872:5;
889:7; 976:28, 35. 36,
52; 1071:3; 1109:7;
1131:1; 1163:4; 1172:1,
4; 1218:2; 1369:3, 6, 8,
17, 22; 1374:2; 1419:1
<?M, 198:28; 763:11, 19
^1-^,214:3; 329:17; 363:4
ivayiffpiSv, 461:3
ivavrlov, 200: 2
ivvdrov, 1110:7
ivdrri^, gTj:S
(vdiKa, 362: 10
ivdo^ordrov, 607 : 2
fv86^us, 1086: 2
ivSoripu, 106: 2
fvecTiy, 993: 1
fpeica, 199:5; 855:10
iv€KtP, 165:4; 215:4; 221:
4; 378:9; 482:4; 671:
15, 34, 61; 672:2; 709:2;
746:7; 749:8; 811:10;
1130:6
^veiKfv, 5:3
307
it>tirid'r}fwdyTtS, 829:80
iv0a, 403:1; 561:7
ivOdSt, 3-j ig; 172:11; 184:
4; 403:22; 507:4; 562:
i; 597:4; 889:3; 909:5;
1007:4
^^^dS', 5:14
ivdiwv, 670: 10
iviavTov, 198:36
iviavrbv, 258:12, 20, 24;
370:20
ivUa, 1133:3
ivVOIMV^ 829: 15
ivoiKovvTOLi, 829: 13
ivox^ovvi, 829:81
ivb-x\-riC€v, 829:43
^voxXiJcrewj, 829:86
ivravdoL, 106:1; 108:4;
697:1
ivTtV^lV, 829:65
ivTipLOTdTUV, 206:3
ivToXali, 829:38
ivTOfiiSa, 447: 1
ivToirlov, 622:6
^«'TU7x<i»'ou(r»»', 671:4, 19
ivTvyx'^''''^'^'''-^^ 1130:5
ivTtr'lix'>y^^% 829:36
i^, 258:13; 288:4; 363:
(3) 6; 562:8; 589:8;
801:1,3; 977:18
iiaywyr)v, 742:13, 15
iidytLv, 198:37, 40; 742:13
iidyovva, 198:41
i^dyovTi, 763:30
i^eivat, 1141 :5
i^eXavvovrai., 217:4
ii-nnixlvoi, 670:5
iii\0V, 198:52
ii;ilvai, 217: 29
i^ov, 217: 18
i^65ov, 355:3; 668:2; 801:
2; 802:2, 4; 803:3; S04:
3; 872:3; 1109:5
^^65w»', 206:2; 1110:4
i^ovaias, 829:35
H^X°^i 802:3
ioprd<rip.ov, 258:14, 21
{0<r<f>6pot, 670:6
92 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
iTrayy(i\dfifvoi, 976:26
iiraivQai, 198:28
iiraiy4(rai, 255:12; 671:
71; 675:37; 743:5. S;
976:39> 56; 1130:6
iyraKovei, 403: 13
iriKovf, 403: 27
iirapxia^ 829:34
ivapx^^v, 217:46
^Topxeia". 675:32
6iropx»afVj 217:29
iirapxi-icuv, 217:4
trravC^at, 415:3
ivtl, 5:3; 46:11; 329:7;
675:3; 829:22,46,83
cTttSdc, 198:49, 52; 203:3
eveiSiJ, 198:59; 255:6;
671:56; 764:3; 1130:3
ive^Jjv, 401 : 7
iviJjv, 1369:14
errtpxofjJvuv, 829:40
ir4pxovTai, 829:27
i7rf^€\0il>i', 675:15
iirtpu.T^arj^ 1130:13
iirtpurr^ffai, 1130:12
ivi, 45:9; 61:9; 112:6;
149:3; 248:2; 253:5;
255:19; 258:18; 351:7,
12; 355:7; 367:5; 589:
8; 622:4, 5; 647:4;
655:3; 671:32, 74; 675:
5, 24, 26, 42; 716:5;
742:7; 743:13. u; 763:5.
9,31; 803:6; 829:13,14,
33,65,67,87; 848:7, 8;
976:37; 1108:5; 1188:2;
1189:1; 1266:2; 1364:1,2;
1506:1; 1574:1; 1585:1
^'t', 155:2; 261:7; 410:1;
742:5; 977:1; 1417:8
i<p\ 258:12; 675:12;
763:1; 764:1; 829:
20,51; 1163:7
iiri,ypa<priv, 671:41; 1329:4
iv^ypa^j/f, 482:5
iiridrjuovffi, 829:33
iTTiSriixovvTei, 829:25
iiridrifjiios, 1140:3
iiriSiSofiivuv^ 1348:5
iiridovi, 248:3
iiri\dfi\{/L, 45:11
iiri\eyop.iyr], 888:5, 3
iin\j)(T pioffvvqv , 1220:4
iinfieXfiai, 261 : 9
i■ln^i€K■^|<rovrat.^ 743:3
inifjiiKeffdai, 1364:7
iiritJie\ei(T0ai, 255:14
iiriiie\T)divTOi, 811 : XI
iwififXijTov, 213:5; 596:8
^TTiMeX'JTiis, 258:26
iirivfOffai., 829: 16
iiri^evufftffi, 829:80
iwlopKos, 562:3
iiriaKbvov, 355:5; 719:7
iiruTKOir-qv^ 889:4
^irecTTdTci, 198:4, 34; 255:5
iiriaroLTov, 848:8
iwKTTpaTfvffavTOS, 675:11
iiriavvaxO^y^''"', 675:21
iiriray-^v, 369:4
fvirdynara, 829:21
iiriTeKQyrai, 675:40
iviTe\eadr}<r6fieva, 365 : 6
iiriTT^dia, 829:52
iiriTrjdfluv, 829:44
iirir7}d€i6TaTa, 829 : 74
ivirifilat, 1347:3
iwLrpoiroi, 829:34
<fl-iTp6irw»', 829:55; 1110:5
^TTcreiJIaTo, 46:12
ivi.<f>avws, 1131 :4
ivi(pepotJi4v7)v, 675 : 23
iiri<(>ij«rdai, 829:45
iTrexei'POTovT^dT}, 675:48
irixOovLois, 1172:8
iiri\p-i)<t>'i.<na, 1130:13
iTe\f'iq(f>iaev, 671 : 19, 44
iTri\l/r](pl<Tai, 1130:12
iiro)voixa^ofi4vr]s, 804:2
iiri, 1172:2
iird)vvnov, 401 : 2
ivuvvfil-qv, 1413: 2
ipya^ofxivTi, 477:4
tpyov, 367:20
ipyov, 700:6; 829:69;
1067:1
308
ipyuv^ 670: 14; 675: 26
tpya-, 667 : 2
fp€KTna, 362:3
ipKiio, 912:1
UpKOi, 362:9
ipX((r0ai, 829:51
^X^', 1162:6
e\0ov, 976:41
e\4<T$ai, 675:40
i\dbvra^ 1419:11
i\-fi\veev, 829:65
i\ri\veivai, 829:83
iffdUl, 106:4
iffOLuv, 106:4
i<r6\6s, 909:4
iffd\6v, 1162:1
i<rxdri)v, 829:83
/(TX^Toiy, 362: 7
eraiptidpxov, 351:4
trepot, 402:13; 409:2; 410:
4;4i5:2,3;4i8:3;4i9:6;
475:5;476:2;502:2;sos:
i; 740:6; 781:3; 1220:6
irepov, 370:2; 402:11;
417:3; 426:3; 447:3;
476:2; 776:5; 781:3;
818:5; 889:6; 1220:6
eripav, 203:4; 258:23;
671:64
iripas, 386:9
ir-^TVixov^ 1419:5
«Tt, 198:12; 215:3; 253:3;
305:1; 475:6; 498:3;
590:4; 675:21,35; 1172:
13; 1220:2
€TOI, 370:22; 675:39; 802:
5; 1108:5; 1110:6
irov, 276: 1
eret, 112:6; 2o6:6; 208:3;
209:3; 349:2; 409:4;
492:6; 607:5; 668:1;
670: 22; 801: 4; 829: 75;
872:5; 1109:7
#T6a, 742:5
iruv, 12:2; 182:3; 220:3;
235:3; 237:2; 275:10;
281:3; 344:2; 435:4;
446:2; 469:6; 498:3;
INDEX
93
973:4; 993:2; 1007:3;
1051:3; 1082:3; 1162:
3; 1322:4; 1326:2;
1355:4
fr^tov, 403:3; 909:7;
1163:3
Ktovs, 2:1; 12:1; 43 :2
53:2; 124:6; 126:1
139:7; 147:7; 186:3
210:4; 258:4; 261:1
262:2; 279:3; 281:10
363: (37); 366:1; 386: 1
388:8; 393:2; 394:3
399:8; 404:7; 406:1
407:6; 409:3; 416:2
421:10; 422:6; 427:3
434:7; 449:7; 450:6
453:6; 454:4; 458:2
466:5; 528:7; 550:3
558:1; 593:6; 596:10
667:6; 675:49; 678:1
700:2; 746:10; 748:5
786:6; 787:9; 803:6
813:9; 814:5; 816:3
863:1; 909:1
?T»;, 126:8; 165:5; 172:7;
180:4; 198:17; 278:5;
386:11; 394:2; 419:2;
431:4; 458:1; 532:3;
710:2; 1131:5; 1347:6
•'■«^*, 351:12; 355:8
irtaiv, 1295:2
eS, 4:6; 855:17; 976:44
eirj/tPtardiTov, 803:3
erJSoK/aj, 351:5
tvtpyffflas, 89 : 7
(v€pytiriuv, 671:60, 73
evepyeTicffji, 421 : 7
evepyertTv, 671:6, 26
fvfpyeriidivTuv, 6S2 : 23
ei5«p7^Tijf, 255:1; 1130:4;
1369:11
tvtpyirijv, 1080:2
tifpy^rei, 675:39
(vepyirait, 976:30
(ixpy^Tiv, 1338:4; 1339:3
*ij(ppov, 1104:4
ti^wvovs, 855:13
(iOoKti, 1 1 40 : 1
{vdwiaOufv, 198:38
evKX^of, 1162: 10
ei5<cX<a, 1161 :3, 7
fvXoyrifji^vtjv, 889:4
eu/Kv^ws, 363 : 2
tivolai, 373:11; 671:15, 35;
672:4; 675:43; 682:17;
1130:6
eivolq., 710:2
fvvovxos, 561:5
eMSfi, 215:6
€i56X/3oio, 1163:5
tCnait, 1163:7
eC;rXoto, 1385: i
tvp^^V, 548:3
tvpiadai^ 255:17
tvpvv, 1172:9
eu(re^e/os, 253:7; 671:34;
672:3
evo-e/StSt', 1109:6
eiae^taTdTrjt, 359:9
tiifftfieffrdrov^ 351 : 7
eiJo-Xij^ivwi, 889: 1
eiJTtX^i, 666:3
«i>Ti;x«rTe, 170:7; 247:6;
280:1; 365:14; 369:13
tirTVxt<fTdroii, 829:3; 60
ewTi/xwi, 1382:8; 1410:9;
1412:8
tvtppdvat, 1380:8
tixppahuVj 262:15
ti<f>paver}Te, 1110:2
ti<pvQs, 116: 7
evxcipl<rTJi<T(v, 671:72
evxapi(TT-^<j-ovffiv, 671:43
evxapiarlas, 589:6
(vxdptffTos, 671:5, 25
tvxvt, 1170:1
fvx^v, 279:1; 1217:3;
1386:5; 1387:5
ei'Xa", 37:5
ttixofiat, 1419:10
eC|aro, 4 : 5
tvxif*«yoi, 829: 16
cv^d/tevof, 277:6; 1066:3
ctJ^d^evot, 61 : 8
•^XO*, 362:9
309
tiJ^i/Xwj, 675:31
i<l>i)Papxovvroi^ 2:^; 53:6
i(f)rjPapxoOvTo^, 216:3
i<f)'nPapxoi, 261:6
icji'flPapxov, 1:5
i<p-qPf6<TavTi, 406:9
((prj^iVffdvTOJv, 1 : 3
f<p7iPoi, 2:6; 53:9; 216:4
i<t>-flP<i3v, 1:3
i<f>TlPovi, 261:8
i(f>lfiepov, 1162:4
i(p6irtp0tj 669:3
iX^pi^v, 116:4
«X"*, 669:6
«X", 214:6; 370:3; 1140:
4; 1172:5
cIxo»', 666 : 2
e^X"', 116:6; 675:27
tx'?', 743:4
fx<", 401:5
<fx"^ 829:18, 39
fXw*', 675: 16
?XOi'<^*, 829:73
?XOU(Tav, 671:42, 68
ff«T«, 370:4
rcrxov, 562:5
iaxe, 1163:4
«<rxei, 362:3
f X w*", 5 : 10
€X*<''^«'» 589:8
im, 46:9; 116: I ; 198:55;
702: 2
faWv, 360:3
fw(rt, 287:6; 288:3; 308:
387:8; 435:10
ioiovci., 1172:8
fwB, 1369:12
fwv, 78:7; 287:3; 305
399:2; 406:3; 410
418:1; 421:2; 429
447:1; 454:3; 462
471:7; 488:5; 522
531:1; 740:4; 744
773:3; 781:2; 813
814:2; 973:5; 12^0
fwi, 434:2
12;
3;
94 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
j'-u)(ro,39:2; 139:5; 147:4;
161:3; 220:4; 340:2;
388:6; 402:2; 405:5;
407:4; 409:2; 427:3;
431:6; 444:5; 449:4;
451:3; 459:1; 465:6;
468:6; 475:4; 476:3;
499:3; 509:1; 517:1;
531:1; 628:2; 691:5
fworap, 212:3; 745:8
fii<ri7J, 475:6
fw»^», 2S4:7;466:5;494:
4; 925: 1
fwi^ei, 204:3; 414:2;
417:1; 426:2; 455:3;
493:5; 813:7; 863:1a
^uma, 82:4; 99:3
ftirrwi', 301:7; 445:5
^d)ffv, 390:3; 406:6;
430:5; 432:8; 694:
14; 874:3
^V<rd(Tv, 399:4; 453:4;
458:1
fl}(raj, 403:5; 1131:5
fi)<ro<ra, 172:10
fi}<ra»^», 431:3, 5; 532:2;
1347:5
^<ravra, 386:10
^■/iffayrat, 73:3
e^rffftv, 267:6
itnira, 172:5
iijldav, 829:56
f'?TWV, 112:1
fo^epoO, 360:4
il^uypd(pi}ffTij 803 : 2
iufp6.<f>ot, 112:5
^u)-fp6.<pov, 803:6
^uyptai, 675:30
fw^J, 74:6; 109:8; 169:5;
398:5; 670:16; 889:2;
1172:4
^uoiroiov, 889 : 2
fwo«, 5:4; 329:17
fwow-t, 1419 : 1
^uoicriv, 401 : 2
fw<rt», 393:2; 483:4; 496:
3; 824:3
fl, 1130:13; 1369:1
rryoifj-fvoi, 829:34, 53
Ttyovfi^vuv, 829:2, 55, 84
^5', 362:9
Vyvrijpa, 1127:4
HOeffiv, 165:8
il'Cdiwv^ 329:5
vi^p-ni, 1364:11
^f^ipV, 1369:9
Vt^P<t, 278:3
^M<^po, 803 : 5
iifidpav, 258:22
rjfiepQv, 126:14
Vfi^paii, 365 : 7
VfUpai, 51:5; 478:2; 675:
21; 829:26; 933:1
^irep, 829:12
■ijpdiiffffa, 917: 1
Vpvov, 429:2; 536:4
^pwj, 194:3
ijpuos, 747:3; 1326:1
7}pwc, 150:2; 204:2; 435:
i;493:5;5i3:4;533:i;
538:2; 784:3
^pwo, 19:5; 681:2
rjpuva, 380 : 2
^P"", 71:3; 82:5; 215:5;
870:2
i^puffi, 23:4; 434:5
^pwas, 72:3
^x', 5:9
6a\dnoi<Tiv, 1172:11
Oavdrov^ 1220:5
dd\{/€v, 694:4
idafev, 5:9; 1x72:1
iOaype, 5:6
$a<pdels, 909:8
TiOa/i/xai, 849:6
davfiLa<rT6s, 701 : 2
idfd<ra<rOe, 612:3
^ewi, 351:1; 355:1
^efou. 258:8
^etoj', 1126:6
^eta, 348:7; 829:60
Oelav, 829:57
delas, 829:49, 64
310
Beidrarov^ 829:66; 1408:1
ffeioTdruv, 222:6
0ei6Tr)Ti, 829:15
6i\yuVj 670:13
OtpMTiKbi, 374:2
6eiie\lovi, 829:40
^^/us. 1218:2; 1319:1
0e6ypa<pov, 349:1
6t60€v, 45 : 10
0t6irrri, 666: i
^€61, 1172:7
^eoO, 128:2; 200:4; 229:7;
670:22
tfev, 198:30; 284:1; 1348:
2; 1373:3
^e6«', 213:3; 1127:5
0e(£)>, 1339: 2
tfewK, 363 (3): 2; 829: 65
^eo?!, 88:1
^eoi/s, 402:4; 833:2
0fOT6Kov, 351: 2
$to<t>i\ri, 889 : 5
0epavelav, 829:74
0€pfiut>, 829:73
Ofcvfffiar, 4 : 2
0effirefflrjvT€, 362:3
^ei/pof, 1130:2; 1141:4
Ot^ktjv, 1103:2
0r}Klov, 1305:3
07j\v, 1218:1
0v^ffKeiv, 155:6
0avo'uaij, 165 : 2
0dvov, 563:4
Te0vQ<Ti, 479:5
reOpQaiv, 254:5
Te0vd)S, 909:6
Tf0ye{l)S, 397:15
0pdvoi, 361 : 1
0pS,ue, 362: 1
Opeirri), 19:4; 292:4
BpfifTT), 414:4; 485:2;
509:1; 773:2
OpevTol, 386:5
0pevTots, 432:3
tfpii'c, 362 : 10
Bvydrrip, 62:2; 427:1; 489:
4; 690:1
»iOroTp6j, 301:4; 340:4
INDEX
95
Bvyarpl, 27:3; 156:3
182:2; 220:2; 231:5
393:2; 422:3; 442:4
448:2; 452:3; 481:5
483:1; 494:1; 515:2
527:5; 330:4; 565:2
691:3; 746:4; 813:3
867:7
&jiyaTp\ 1172:1
Ovyar^pa, ;i:6; 86:4; 218:
5;387:2;437:S; 748:3;
i338_: 3; 1340:1
Ovyarpidy, 483 : 2
^i/<r/otf, 350:6; 563:5
larpelyr}, 521: 1
iarpoO, 619: 2; 713:2
Idlov, 81:3
'5fv, 15:3; 16:6; 21:3;
28:3;29:3;4o:2;77:3;
86:2; 96:3; 143:3;
163:2; 286:8; 290:3;
331:2; 388:4; 391:1;
405:2; 444:2; 556:1;
765:2; 843:2; 865:1;
909:11; 973:3
lSi<f, 182:2; 185:2; 399:
3;407:2;463:2;48i:s;
485:2; 509:1; 520:2;
679:3; 691:3; 862:2;
973:5; "30:5; 1414:2
Wioj', 98:2; 363: (3) 6
ISlrtv, 5:6
ldiav,S6:4; 99:1; 671:4.
23; 675:9; 829:67
idluiy, 16:4; 39:6; 55:6
104:3; 149:2; 213:5
222:8; 231:5; 248:4
260:5; 294:5; 300:6
380:3; 417:2; 429:3
536:5; 560:3; 675:14
811:8; 927:5; 1080:3
1085:4; 1069:2; 1087
i; 1089:3; 1135:3
1286:2; 1588:3; 1589:3
tidluv, 363 : (5) 3
ISlon, 39:7; 62:6; 124:4;
427:3; 435:10; 595:4;
628:2; 829:58
«/as,363:(3) 6; 675:35
829:30
ISiuriat, 829:45
lepariK^i, 590:4
Itpelas, 396 : 2
iepeit, 128:2; 1224:2
1392:2
Up4m, 61:9; 367:5; 763
i; 764:1; 848:7
lepoKi^pvKa, 671 : 10
t'epoirotoiJi, 671: 18
itpV, 1065: 1
UpQi, 671:3, 9, 22
tep$, 106:2
Up6v, 209:1; 671:6, 15
18, 26, 29, 30, 35
1130:10
itpd, 976:30
lepiv, 262:8, 24
Upoi, 976:36
lepuv, 371:7, 8
tepoi/s, 829:58
♦«/>«, 365:5; 371:7; 397:
II
lepurdrifi, 401:9; 411:6
415:4; 417:3; 419:6
426:5; 504:1; 829:14
929:13; i32o:8
iepdirarov, 1412:2
iepo(roXir/KT7;j, 749:2
l€po<t>ivTTi^ 441:5
iepo(pdyTriv, 1412:6
Uvai, 106: 1
iy]Tp6i, 1417:4
'iKefflav, 829: 15
iKfff laii, 806:8
iKavQs, 829:82
iKcoO/tac, 403: 10
rm, 45:10; 352:4; 671:5
25; 829:57, 61
«7r7r«iJT, 419: i; 920:2
iiririuVj 675 : 21
iiriroiaTpos, 178:8
IwitikSv, 675:39
liriroidrpov, 178:9; 363:
(8) 2
Ifirirou, 1222:8
t-irirov, 116:7
311
tirvuv, 675:18, 30
Ipii", 847:12; 1364:9
liraplOfjLui, 361:6
liTovoiJ.lau, 670:9
tffuip, 141 1 : 11
laropioypdipot, 112:3
tffxvffev, 829:42, 84
t<rMs, 1110:2
txvos, 909:3
Ka8\ 671:4, 23, 53, 59;
976:45
Kaffalperat, 370: 18
KaOdirep, 671:66; 763:9,
23; 976:63
Kadap6v, 1364:3
KadiSpa^ 362 : 2
Ka9iKa.<TTa, 203 : 19
KadiepeT, 112:5
Ka$Upuff€, 931:3
KaOeifUvovt, 855:6
Katfws, 456:3; 492:5
Kal, 1:8, 16, 17; 3:1;
9:2; 10:3; 16:4; 19:3;
21:2; 25:3; 27:2; 28:2;
34:2; 35:3; 36:4, 6;
37:S;38:2;39:2;42:2;
46:9, 11; 50:1; 51:
1,4; 52:1; 55:8; 58:2;
60:3, 6; 61:2, 5; 62:6;
74:4, 6; 77:4; 78:6;
79:1; 86:3; 89:2; 106:
3, 4; 112:4; 116:6, 7;
124:8; 125:3; 126:11;
146:2; 147:3. 4, 6;
156:1; 160:8, 10;
163:1; 172:9; 173:4;
179:6; 180:4; 181:3;
182:1; 183:3; 186:2;
195:3. 4; 198:3. 12,
13, 20, 21, 23; 198:32,
41, 51, 57; 203:7, 13,
17; 204:1, 3; 208:5;
209:2; 210:4; 212:3;
213:1, 3; 215:6; 217:
3, 8, 9, 14, 18, 20, 21,
22, 23, 25, 36; 217:37,
43. 49. SO, 51; 220:4;
96 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
223:1; 238:5; 242:3
243:5. 10; 244:2, 3
248:5, 7; 252:1; 254
I, 3, S; 255:4, 7, 8
9. 13, 15, 17, 18; 255
21, 22; 258:20, 22, 26
262:12, 13; 263:2, 3
281:5, 7, 9; 284:9
287:5, 3; 288:2; 289
i; 292:3, 4; 294:2
295:3; 300:1, 4; 301
3,5,6; 308:2,5,9, 10
11; 333:1; 338:3, 5
340:3,4; 346:3; 348
7; 351:1, 3, 5,6, 7, 8
351:9, 10, 12; 353:3
355:1, 3, 6, 7, 8
361:3; 362:5, 6, 7
363: (7)8, (8)3, (9)5
(10)3; 364:2, 5, 7, 8
365:3, 4, 5, 9; 366:1
367:5, 10, 19; 369:2,4
370:19, 22; 371:1, 2
6, 7,9; 373:7; 374:1
3, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 14, 16
374:18, 20; 375:1, 2
378:6; 380:2; 386:2
4, 8, 9; 387:4, 5, 7
388:5; 390:2; 394:1
395:1, 2; 396:1; 397
2; 399:2,5,14; 400:2
401:10; 403:27, 18
405:5; 406:4, 6; 407
3; 409:2; 414:1, 2, 3
416:1; 419:3,4; 421
4, 7; 423:2; 426:1
429:3; 430:9; 431:4
434:4, 5; 435:6, 9
436:3, 4, 6, 8; 437:3
439:6; 442:5, 7; 443:1
444:2, 5; 445:4; 446
4; 449:4,8; 450:2, 4
451:2; 454:3; 455:1
456:1, 2; 459:1; 461
4; 462:1, 5; 464:4
465:3, 6; 466:2; 470:1
3;47i:6;472:5;47S:2
476:3; 479:2,4; 480
2, 3; 481:3; 482:1;
483:2, 3; 484:3; 486:
I, 2; 488:4; 493:5, 2;
494:2,3; 495:3; 496:
I, 3; 498:6; 509:1;
514:1; 515:1; 522:2;
523:3; 524:1, 2;S3i:i;
535:2; 536:6; 547:1,
2; 555:1; 558:2, 3;
589:3,9; 590:1; 592:
4; 593:3; 595:3; 610:2;
625:1, 7;629:5;63o:3;
631:4; 636:3; 643:2;
647:6, 7; 649:3; 650:3;
652:6, 8; 653:6; 655:6;
656:3; 657:4; 660:5;
661:4; 662:6; 663:4,
7; 664:2; 670:3, 8,
9, 13, 14, 16, 19, 21;
671:1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 9,
10, 14, IS, 20, 22, 23,
25, 26, 28, 30, 32, 34,
35, 36, 37, 40, 42, 46,
48, SO, SI, 52, 55, 62,
65, 66, 69, 70, 71, 74,
7S; 672:3, 4; 675:1,
4, 6, 10, 13, 14, 15, 17,
i8, 23, 27, 28, 29, 30,
31, 33, 34, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40, 41, 42, 43,
44, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49;
676:1, 2; 677:1, 3;
678:1, 7; 682:20;
685:1; 687:1; 688:2;
689:4; 691:5; 695:1;
696:1, 3; 702:3; 703:
3; 708:2; 740:3; 742:
3, 7,9, 12, 15, 16, 17;
743:2, 6, 14; 744:3;
745:3, 7; 746:11; 747:
3; 748:1, 2; 749:3;
750:1; 752:1; 763:5,
9, 10, II, 12, 13, 14,
IS, 18, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 26, 27, 29, 30;
764:4; 769:4, 5, 6;
773:2, 3, 6; 776:1;
781:2, 4; 787:9; 801:
312
1, 2, 5; 802:1, 3
803:1, 2, 4, 6; 804: 1
2, 3; 806:2, 4, 7, 8
811:2, 4, 5; 812:10
813:6; 815:3; 816:1
2, 4; 818:2; 824:3
826:2, 4, 6; 829:10
II, 12, 13, 14, 15, 18
20, 21, 23, 26, 28, 30
31, 32, 34, 39, 40, 41
43, 47, 50, 55, 56, 58
62, 68, 72, 73, 74, 75
76, 80, 82, 84; 843:3
4; 845:2; 847:2, 5
6, 8, 13, 22; 848:3, 4
855:2,6; 862:2; 863
5, 11; 872:3, 4, 5
874:3; 889:5; 906:2
909:7; 912:3; 929:7
9; 931:2; 933:2; 973
4; 976:4, 8, 16, 24
25, 26, 27, 29, 30, 32
37, 40, 41, 42, 43, 44
49, SI, 52, 59, 62
977:8, 10, 13; 1013:3
1014:4; 1051:4, s, 6
1071:5; 1082:5, 6
1084:1, 3; 1085:2
1086:2; 1108:3; 1109
5; iiio:i, 2, 4, s, 7
1130:4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9
10, 13, 16; 1131:2, 3
1132:1, 2; 1134:3, 4
1136:5; 1140:4; 1141
3; 1162:7; 1170:1
1172:5, 14; 1186:2
1218:1; 1220:2, 3, 5
8; 1224:1; 1237:2
1291:1; 1321:2; 1329
2,4; 1348:2,3; 1364
7, 10; 1369:7, 8, 12
20; 1382:6; 1383:5
1386:2; 1408:1; 1411
5, 9; 1414:1; 1419:4,
5, 10
Kaipui, 675: 10
KaipoU, 829:11, 60
Kaipoh, 829:22; 1109:3
INDEX
97
KUKcDv, 398:8
Ka\avS(ov, 258:16; 365:13
iKdXeaav, 398:6', 2
KaX^ffai, 255:18; 976:37,
62
iK\-fidi)v, 16:1
KdXXtirej, 498:5
AcdXXet, 670: 7
K<£XXoi;j, 670:13
KaWi^poov, 1110:2
KaWiartfi, 829:71
KaWlffrrji, 675:33
/caX6i, 675:4; 1388:1, 4
Ko-^V^, 353:4
KOXWV, 398:7
KoXoi/s, 112:4
icaXws, 399:4; 829:72
Kdfx.\ 561:3
Kafidrutv^ 180: 2
''»^ 353:5
(cavStSdroj, 1013:2
KavoviKTJi, 930:5
fKapwlffarOj 4:4
Kapiuv, 262: 19
KotrtvvijTrji, 909:9
Ka<rTpo<pi\a.KOi, 592 : 7
Kard, 1:6; 128:3; 200:1
203:15; 229:6; 256:2
258:11, 12, 18; 281:6
348:4; 365:8; 369:4
593:8; 675:5, 11; 742:4
24; 802:5; 829:22. 35
889:5; 1109:3; 1130:3
kot', 7:4; 116:4; 213:5
217:35; 258:12, 20, 24
675:9, 39; 1161:3
1181:1
icoTa/3aX6»'Tej, 829:32
Kar-q'^d'yov^ 1 73 : 1
KaroS^X'?'''**, 847:18
Kara5/(C7jy, 1130:16
KareKoap/fiOrj^ 806 : 3
/carAiTTej', 562:9
KOTaXt^irdwi^ei, 923:30
Acar Autre, 403 : 1 2
Karafiivovrfs, 923:26
KarayayKd^eiv, 829:51
KarairX-qTTuv, 670:14
KaraffKevafftv, 429 : 2 ; 1 220 : 2
KOTatnceuddracra, 62:7
KaranKfuaatia, 682:13
K(na.(rr-fj(Tavrai^ 1369:20
Karared-^, 418:3
KardffTiTt, 476:4
KaTaOrJTai, 409:3; 447:3
Karad^vai, 976:35
KaTaTedijve, 475:6
KaradivTov, 976:36
AfttT^^ijKe, 1413: 1
KariO-qKev, 275:5
KaraTtdij vat. , 401 : 8; 447 : 2
Acara^^ff^ai, 401 :8; 413:3;
426:3; 781:3; 929:12;
1220:6
KaTi(pvyov, 829:86
KaTKpdlfjievou, 5 : 2
KaTa<l>$ifAevov, 694: I
KaraipOifi^vovs, 160:4
KaTacppovoOyrei, 829:46
/caretSf, 1162:4
KareireiyovaiVj 829:31
KaTt\r]\vdrifj.ev, 829:42
Kar^Xety, 855:7
Kar^X*"', 217:19, 28, 30
KOTfx^Mfot, 1110:1
KaroiKela-dai, 829:11
KaTwXi7a>pi}^i;, 829:85
ACttToxds, 217: 10
)roi/x<^<''''w, 562:4
K^, 76: 7; 222:3, 5; 620:2
Ktdv^, 1419: 1
(cAevtrtv, 229:6
Ke\ttjei, 668:6
^/cAeucrej', 128:3
iK^Xevffav, 829:38, 54
/ceXeueriys, 829:49, 60
Ktifiat. 5:14; 172:12; 398:
7; 403:1; 561:7; 562:1;
789:1; 909:5
Kttffai, 155:2; 180:5
Keiffdai, 829: 19
KtindvTj, 829:72
KetTa*, 107: 1
K^KtvdeVj 1162:2
K(0aXa^oii, 258:23
Kt^aXaTTtKoC, 593:6
313
K€<f>a\i^, 670:11
KTjXWoj, 670:4
K^iroj', 1364:5
<c^P, 76:4
Ki)pvx6tLs, 1369:11
Kivhvvevopjtv, 829:47
(c/j'Si'i'Of, 675: 27
iKixavey, 1 172: 13
Acefofei, 272:8
KeKKuapL^voy, 401 :6
xXeti'6*', 1127:5
xXios, 670:17
/cX^et, 625:3
K\r]povoixla, 262:27
K\ripov6fws, 180:7
K\-r]pov6nu)v, 1220:4
kXtjpo>'6mois, 412:5
kXi;po>'6/m)i'j. 402 : 2
(cX^pov, 334:1; 889:5
(cXiJpots, 214:3
K\-^<nas, 362:8
KeK\r)pov6ixTiKa. 477 : 3
^(cXTjpoiixW**', 763:6
icX/jfai^a, 1127: 1
)cXi;t6i', 1122 : 3
yva<t>ioi^ 34: i
KOipi-ndy, 402 : 8
KoifitiTTipltt), 889:7
Kotv^j, 670: 19
(coifoO, 812:7; 1220:5
KOIV^, 180:5; 247:3
fo^r, 1130:5
KOivTJi, 671 :4, 23
K0iv6v, 675:7; 742:12;
889:1
fcoivd, 63:9
(cotvo, 976:47
KOlfWI', 180:2; 412:3;
426:2, 5
KopL/jLepKLwy, 634:3; 636:2
k6vov, 803 : 2
»f6Twv,i43:5;4i2:3;4i7:
2;426:3;462:5
Kopdffiov, 363 : (3) 4
Kopaafou, 126: 13
Afopea^'^Te, 1110: 1
>^^pv^, 353:1
KOffnovfiai, 184:4
98 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
KOfffJ-toVS, 112:4
Ko<rfwv6\€i, 1132:2
k6<thov, 1 161: 7
KOV/xepKidpios, 1012:2;
1013:3
KovnfpKiapl<fi, 707 : 3
Kovpa, 329: 1
Kovpidltj, 76:6
Kparaiov, 351 : 6
KpaToittj, 592:3
Kpartiv, 1130:12
iKpdrrjcep, 675:17
KparLffTov, 611 :4
KparlffTTii, 365:8; 369:7
KparlffTifi, 412: 1
KpiruTTov, 927:3; 1086:1
Kp(0<Pv\6,KlOV^ 975:4
(cpr/to, 106:4
KiKpiKt, 675:24
KpivlSuVj 801 : 1
(CpiToO, 655:3
«P«t5, 653:5; 661:3; 662:
4; 663:5; 708:2
KpujnlSa, 362:3
Kpwf/e, 214:2
Kpv<f>dtl5, 403 : 2
KeKT^IitOa, 829: 17
KeKTTJiTdai, 763:13, 21
{KTi)(Tiix7iv, 403 : 6
KTeLvas, 562:6
«tV", 763:31
KTTjfflo, 912:4
KTlffews, 700:3
KTiffeie, 360: 1
KTlariji, 109:9
t'-^i^opoJ, 355 : 7
KTlT6pO)V, 872:4
KV^epir^TOV, 1385:4
»t05os, 4:4; 329: 17
Ki/KXaf, 670: 2
(cui/i^Yia, 365:6, 12; 369:
5, II
Kvpiai, 592:4
Kvpas, 592:5
KvpiaKV, 447:3
KupiciJett', 590:3
iKvplevaev, 675:18, 30
Kvplov, 668:4; 801:3, 4;
803:3; 804:4; 1110:4
KvpoO, 799:3
ifupfy, 109:1; 147:2;
451:2
*(i5pt€, 660:1; 708:1;
1014: I
KVpluv, 125:5
Kvploii, 763:12
KwXiJet*', 198:38'; 217:37
Ku\v6vTU)Vj 198:37
Kup-apxuv, 335 : 8
KiiflTI, 829:70
»c(i/i77i, 829:24, 77
KtO^S, 829:18 -
Kufiriv, 829:27, 81
KUfMt, 829:12, 51
^"X**", 4:6
XayAi'wi', 694:6
X<i*cwi', 669:6
XoXti', 1172:8
XiJ^ocTot, 855: 12
eXo/Sfj', 763 : 1 7
X(f/3w^«', 352:5
Xa/3er«', 258:20
Xa^civ, 353:1; 403 :r', 5
\ap6vT€t, 855 : 8
Xo^xTrpd, 670:18
Xa)U7rpoT<£Tou, 221:3
Xa/UTp^Tijo, 787:8
Xo/xirpwj, 670: 7; 806: 2
XoTO/ufay, 367:3
XoTpIwi', 362:4
Xdrptj*, 787:6
Xaxos, 561:6
Xiyoffi, 976:60
\lat, 371:6
Xetordros, 1369:18
XtTTwi', 1162:8
\el\f/ava, 362:9
\enr6nevos , 498:3
\€i(f>6els, 5 : 7
XetTovp7fats, 247:2; 1131:3
XtiTovpyelroxrav, 247 : i
\iKTpwv, 1172:3
Xewv, 360:6
Xi}7«, 403:11
314
^i?^*?, 173:1; 1419:12
\vy6v, 402 : 5 ; 409 : i ; 419 :
5;426:2;475:5;5o6:4;
522:2; 740:2,5
XtjviJi', 427:1
\lav, 806:3
\ieivvt, 976:37
\i0ivr]i., 256:6; 976:35
\ieiv7]v, 682:18; 847:6
\i0ov, 1 1 72: 2
X£^V, 184:5
\idov, 1369:16
\id(i)v, 116:4
Xifiivot, 976:20
XixoCcra, 710:3
Xtrpoi', 929: 15
Xo^tefrat, 855: 2
X670V, 666 : 5
X67e, 352:4; 353:2
\&yuv, 670:13
XoiixiKrji, 625:4
XotToO, 889:6
\oivol, 829:47; 976:28
Xotirwi', 370: 17
Xotiroi/», 829:36
Xotiri, 217:28; 839:21,59
XovrpoO, 46 : 1 2
\oi<TavTa, 51 : 4
Xi;7pdi', 1172:10
\vKi^avrcL, 410: 1
XvAcci/Sayrat, 360:5
Xi/»i7<raf, 16:3
X«Xi/ir»7;itat, 16:4
XiAjr?;*, 403 : A', 4
Xi/(r«)s, 1130:12
XiJirtv, 352:5; 787:3.9
\ihov, 435 : 7
IJUiKdpeffffi, 4:5
fxaKapiov, 802:4
juaKclpiov, 1140:4
IJ.d\a, 198:7
AtdX', 401:3
^oXXoy, 855:8
fiapudpivov, 1348:4
txdprvpa, 362:5; 643:2;
666:5
ptdpTvpei, 126:21
fiaprvpuiv, 37: 7
INDEX
99
naprvplav, 682:16
nayiffrpii), 653:3; 663:3
naffTiydffavra, 1364:6
fjArpuva, 1419: 2
tidT-ijp, 1163:7
A«»X'?^ 403:5
fidxm, 67s : 28
M^a, 363:9
neyaKofxdprvpos, 803 : i
fteyaXo/iapTvpwy, 833 : 3
fieyd'Kui, 258:10
M^ai, 396:12; 1135:2
HeydXov, 351:4
fieyd\i]s, 889 : 2
^leyciXaf, 671:3, 22
Atc7i<rToi/, 371:4; 625:3
fieylaarifi. 284:2; 335:2
liiyuTTov, 333 : 1
fieyicTTriv, 829:56
/xeylffTUP, 670:15
fieSlfivuv, 198:36
/ieiX^wf, 829: 24
Mefw, 83 : 3
tifxapri/iv, 4:5
■^/jL^Tfffey, 258: II
juAXwc. 106 : 1
A*^', 14:1; 116:1; 198:23;
208:2; 360:2; 370:19;
671:29, 30. 62; 675:6;
829:20, 35, 42, 72, 75;
976:63; 977:"
p-iveiv. 675:26; 855:10
nelvavrtj, 829:58
fiipoi, 548:2; 1x72:3
/jLcpdireffffi, 76:7
fxiffov, 829:19
'*«^*. 5:3; 37:3; 126:6:
195:3; 198:51, 53; 215:1;
262:18; 374:3; 401:8;
403:16; 409:3; 410:4;
418:3; 445:5; 447:2;
475:6; 499:4; 675:13,
14; 740:4; 742:21; 776:
4; 783:3; 807:3; 829:85;
976:30, 42; 1130:15;
1172:7
Mw'. 359:1; 675:20, 22,
43
M<^', 675:26
fjueraKivTjffaij 401 :9
fxtrdWoii, 869:4
fitTairiixxj/aaOdi, 675:25
p.iTt(TTiv^ 1130:9
tifTfitva.1, 1130:9, 16
MCT^X"', 670:4
fi€Ta.<Txova(Jiv, 1411:10
Her6-iri(T0e, 76:3
ft^Toxos, 398:8
fi^rpa, 403 : 26
nerpdff If, 295:6
McrpVei, 855:3
M^XPS 125:11
M^XP", 829:84
f"), 198:24; 217:38; 396:19;
675:25; 742:11, 19; 810:
1; 829:36, SO, 54; 889:6;
1141:5; 1369:13
fiyiS4, 198:22; 742:20; 829:
51, 52; 976:46; 1369:13
MijSeis, 1369:13
nvS^f, 198:15. 56
fxrjSevl, 1130:12
pLijS4va, 16:3
firtSe/Jilav, 829:32
fj-yidiv, 1412:7
lxr}KirL, 562:4; 829:38
Hrin6piov, 363 (7): I, (8): I,
(9):i, (10) :i
M'7»'ii, 147:7; 210:4; 242:6;
258:4; 596:10; 781:5;
786:8; 803:5
M'7«'^ 613:8; 614:4; 615:
3; 617:3; 618:3, 7;
619:3; 711:4; 714:3;
715:5,8; 716:3; 717:
3. 7; 718:3; 746:10;
1108:4
fi^«'«y, 109:7; 478: 2
firjvwv, 344:2
HVfas, 165:6; 180:4; 498:
3; 933:1
fxrjy/i, 278:2; 615:7; 616:7;
617:9
fJiV<^lv, 1163:4
/ni^Te, 198:21; 258:22, 24;
398: 7; 403: 23, 24; 1130:
12; 1369:7
315
M^T'/p, 275:9; 423: 2; 689:4
P-rjrpi, 300:5; 399:7;
407:3; 416:1; 430:6;
436:2; 459:1; 474:1;
486:3; 555:2; 679:4;
688:2; 771:3; 816:2;
888:2; 1051:6; 1082:6;
1414:2
M'JT^pa, 5:6; 745:8; 1410:
8; 1411:7
A"7'''^P', 1172:10
Hijripav, 403:10
fiir)Tp6-iro\ii, 373:2
^uijrpoTriXewi, 55:4
fi7jTpoiro\lTOVf 668:3
/ii/rpoiroX/TTjs, 836 : i
A"?X«»^, 847 : 20
ttiKp6i, 396:2
filv, 76:5
iuff06v, 1369:4
ulroii, 398:5
M*"*!, 1369: 10
Hvija-Oeit, 5:10
fivelai, 14:5; 15:4; 16:6; 28
4;29:7;3o:5;4o:3;43:3
44:5; 77:6; 79:2; 80:2
81:4; 85:5; 95:4; 97:4
100:3; 101:5; =143:6
146:3; 156:4; 158:4
159:4; 160:3; 174:6
175:6; 176:5; 177:3
178:10; 179:7; 181:4
182:2; 184:6; 185:3
186:3; 194:2; 210:2
238:8; 290:4; 294:5
300:6; 310:4; 386:6
394:3; 397:3; 399:7
407:4; 410:3; 413:2
432:5; 433:4; 463:5
468:10; 471:5; 473:4
477:2; 487:7; 489:6
499:3; 508:2; 517:2
518:2; 527:6; 529:7
530:5; 556:2; 565:3
679:4; 691:4; 694:15
696:4; 744:5; 745:9
776:3; 783:8; 867:8
973:6; 1174:4
100 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
/*v/oi,
395:4;
396:4;
409:2; 412:3;
430:6;
475:4; 476:3;
478:1;
514:3; 531:8;
537:3;
695:5
HVTJfM, 205:3; 434
6; 472:
4; 773:3
HvrjfieTov, 279:4;
338:6;
744:2
ttvrjfieiov, 562:8
fiv^firit, 8:2; 10: t
; 12:7;
27:4; 31:2; 39:
4; 73:5;
82:3; 93:2; 96:
3; 98:3;
99:2; 122:3;
130:3;
147:3; 150:3;
166:4;
170:5; 220:2;
222:8;
223:2; 224:3;
252:3;
254:7; 263:4;
264:6;
288:4; 301:8;
302:3;
305:2; 308:13;
331- -3;
341:3; 363:4;
388:6;
390:3; 391:2;
400:5;
403:17; 404:6;
405:3;
406:10; 408:9;
414:4;
421:8
422:4;
423:4;
428:2
435:7;
436:7;
439:7
443:5;
444:4;
445:6
449:5;
453:5;
465:5
479:6;
480:4;
481:6
484:4;
485:2;
486:3
515:3;
528:5;
534:5
536:4;
540:4;
547:3
555:2;
595:5;
596:3
627:2;
685:4;
686:4
687:3;
692:6;
746:9
748:4;
749:10;
750:3
765:3;
771:3;
786:3
813:3;
814: 14;
815:5
816:1;
817:3;
843:7
863:9;
865:1;
910:2
1051:7;
1082:7;
1172:15; 1347:6
; 1414:2
HU7]n6<nvov, 803:4
tMVt)tJMff6vt]i^ 165:3;
482:4
fivr)/x6(rvvov, 209:2
Mo^pay, 5:3; 1 172:
7
fU)ip\ 1 1 72: 13
fxoipuiv
, 1172:4
fioipufifn^ov, 1140:5
/iovax<5s, 624: i; 806:9
fioyaxov, 799:7; 801:5;
803:6; 872:6
(jLovaxoTi, 209:3
Atov7>, 806:5; 872:2
fiovoydvov, 702 : 2
fwvonaxlai, 365:13
fjAvos, 715: 2
fdvov, 5:4; 247:1; 810:1;
829:73
fi6vr]v, 1411:8
fiiva, 217:26; I162: 2
IJL6voiij 217:32
M*po>', 1419:6
ftdpffivov, 329:8
fwvffiKQj 224: 2
fj.6x6o<i), 787:3
fiiperai, 1419:4
fivplaiffi, 198:38
fivffTTjpluv, 106:3
IJLVffTai, 396: II
vads, 206:1; 351:1; 701:2;
801:1; 802:1; 803:1, 5
vci6v, 112:1, 6; 380:2
vavi, 198:41
pa&rov, 262:8
v€Kp6v, 666:4
viKVi, 909 : 5
fveip.€v, 1162:10
v^os, 5: 7; 107:2
v^ov, 802:6
viov, 681:2
vioi, 51: i; 811:1; 1084: 1
vetbrepoVj 50 : 2
veovpydv, 787:6
vewKbpos, 975: 2
vfuplif, 198:53
vfifiaai, 401 : 7
vffffov, 668:4
ivlKijfft, 675: 28
ylyvv, 416:2
vivrjv, 415:3
via6p.€vov^ 1 161 : 2
vbtfaai, 694:9
vbOov, 116: 2
316
pbfjiov, 349: 2
vb/xovs, 666: 2
voiffuv, 257:6
vvp.<pelov, 173:3
vifKpt], 161: 1
vvfKpoKbiwis, 1172:11
vvv, 198:12; 353:4; 589:6;
675:44; 806:9; 976:52
60
^evlas, 829:28, 32, 43
^evlav, 829:52, 54
^vvus, 401 : 6
873001', 366:6
byivos, 126: 14
6Se, 523:1
S5', 1140: 2
bdbv, 829:50
65oi/s, 247:3; 829:31
ddvpbfJLtvoi, 329:10
oUeiov, 671:39
oiKeluv, 829:56
oUelus, 671:68
olKov/xev, 829: 17
oUoyevis, 363 (3) : 7
oiKodo/xiarrjpiuy, 742:10
ofKip, 257:5
OlKOV, 363(11):!; 418:2;
682:15; 702: i; 719:4
OlKTpQ), 363:6
of/M)(, 670:3
ota, 45:8; 670:20
°^XV, 670:16
oixop-ivoLO, 45 : 5
olxofiivov, 694: 10
olxop-ivuiv, 203 : 16
oiwvoffKbiro^, 1347 : 2
(5Xt7apxi?7y, 1369:3
<5\/7o»', 398:3
6\o^, 76:4
SX17S, 51:4
6\ox<i/"s, 625:6
onai/jiocri, 403 : 2
d/ij-ii-jj, 1369:15
dfxbaai, 1369: 19
ofw^vytf), 352:3
bfiolus, 829:31
INDEX
101
inoKoyCjffiv^ iq8:23
6pap, 7:4; 213:5
6vofia^ 112:2, 3; 3q6:2
Sfofi', 397:5
ovdnaroi, 126: i
6v6fiaTi, 126:7; 126:20;
363(3) :5; 829:44
8irep, 829:47
StXwv, 675 :30
6T6«ei', 855 : 5
6iros, 976:46
Stws, 255: 16; 396:9; 401:5;
671:54, 66; 743:4; 829:
49
opw/xev, 353 : 5
tdjis, 361:8
Idovaa, 184:4
opuvoi, 60: 11
6pi(Tn<fi, 592: 2
6p(cif«, 889:3
6pK((r/x6v, 348:4
SpKOS, 203:14; 1369:13
SpKov, 1369: 15, 19
bppjuixivov^ 801 : 3
Spw, 262: 13, 18
^po'i, 1016: 1
dpMv, 829: 72
ipviji, 670:21
6p<paviK6v, 773:5
6p<pavS)v, 241:3; 299:4
offluv, 214:4
Srav, 671:11; 675:39
*T-t, 255:13; 258:9; 403:
11; 477:2; 671:42; 742:
11; 829:53; 976:8, 40,
41, 44, 48, 61; 977:15;
1369:14
5t\ 214:6; 361:4
ov, 46:5; 397:10; 670:4;
829:73;855:i2;i2i8:2,3
oW^, 45:6; 258:10; 498:7;
675:27; 1140:5; 1218:2;
1219: I
ovd\ 370: 12; 1140:5
ov5eli, 829:43
ovSevdt, 370: II
ouS^va, 675: 27
ovK, 217:18; 362:8; 397:9;
976:9
o{ik4ti, 45:5; 829:46
oiv, 671:5; 829:46; 889:3
oljvtKa, 1419:5
oivofxa, 5 : 13
oCttot', 361:8
ot/TTw, 498: 2
ovpav6v, 612:2, 3, 4
oCre, 829:43, 44; 1417:7
0ijT\ 1417:8
oCti, 1162:4
oCtoj, 351:1; 612:2; 803:5;
872:1; 1109:1; 1220:7
To&rov, 363(10) :3; 829:
68
TOVTO, 401:2; 536:4
TOlJTUtVj 742: 12
oCtwj, 370:2; 612:3
oi5x, 477:2; 562:3; 1163:1
ovxi, 5:4; 1163:8
6<ppa, 1419:12
6<pei\€ip, 1364:8, 9, 10
3xXoi;j, 675:26
irayyev^Tiji^ 360 : i
irayyovlj]^ 360:2
irddovi, 670: 20
vaiSloVj 126: 19
vfdUtu^ 126: 7
ireSiov, 220:3
iroi5/<^, 817:3
■jrai5a7a>7(J>, 73:3
iraiSiffKrii, 363(3): 6
iraly, 258: 18; 404:5; 1223:3
iraiSdi, 214:6
vaidl, 752:1
iTttiSa, 5:12; 1319:5
vaides, 1419:5
iraldui', 671 : 12
weSluiv, 36: 7
TttiSoj, 847:6; 1130:7
iratwvt'feTat, 1218:3
ir(£X7;s, 397: 10
ird'Kiv, II 27: 1
■?r(£XXoi, 829: 20
ird/xirav, 329: 5
ira»'a7foy, 702 :3
rrai'o7iwTciT0i», 351:11;
668:3
317
navapiffTos, 4:3
iravd-qftel, $1: $
iravSeuft^ 976:41
7rav5-)7/iioiis, 563: 5
Travei/ffe/SecrTdToi/, 593:3
TraveuTDxecTdToi/, 355:3
iro«'i}7i;pii, 829: 75
■rravrjyvpfui, 829:24, 25
ir<ivitp<jiTd,Tov, 355:5
iravoaioiTirwv^ 799:5
Trdvo-eTTTOi, 351:1; 355:1;
802:1
iravffiiTTov, 799:5
iraj'ffi^wy, 349: 2
irdKTOTe, 398: 2
-iravvTrtpaylov^ 351 : 2
irdvTwt, 855:7
iravi/cTTaTo, 403:3
vanaL^ 625 : 7
TrdiTTTOj, 763:8
irdiriroi', 745 : 3
iropd, 5:11; 126:4; 198:50;
255:17; 355:5; 671:57,
64, 75;675:24,4i; 682:3,
4, 19; 763:16; 829:2;
848:1; 889:2; 976:1^
21, 52; 1130:13; 1369:1
irap', 208: 5; 353: 5; 589: 5
irapayilvovrai., 829:31
napayevop-ivdiv, 682:9
irapaSoOvat, 675:34
wapairlofj 675:44
irapaKoK^a'ovffiy, 675:43
irapaKfxriv^ 1 16: 6
irapdKoiTiv^ 4:5
irapfKafiey^ 258:26
Trapaixovijs^ 1371:1
■trapav^nfr}, 180:8
Trapair^/i^at, 855: 15
iropaTTuXfSt, 548:4
7rapo7rwXiJ<j-as, 248:4
Trapaffiovpyov, 355:4
7rap6rd|aT0, 675: 28
Trapara^afiivov^ 675: 13
Trapaxwpouj'es, 217:14
irdpe5pov, 1162: 5
jTopwv, 799: 1, 4
irapdyra, 668:2
102 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
Trapbvri^ 675: lO
TrapoiitTTjs, 829:66
vapovaa, 592 : i
7rapefjLpo\i}i, 675 : 27
TToptv/SoXTji', 675:20
TTOp^lotJ, 806: 7
TrdpeXe, 363 : 2
iraptKdbvTos, 671 : 50
vap^XVi, 1364:7
napixdv, 363:6; 590:5;
829:28,31, 53, 59
:rop(<xo;^o, 255:8
Trap^X*"'^*', 829:54
Trap^crx'JTat, 671:3, 22
vapoStla, 341:5
jrapoSetra, 74:12; 83:4;
403 : 28
iropoSetr', 909: 2
iropoStrc, 169:9
irapoSeire, 79:3
irapoSiLTai, 16:7; 74:12
wapodlrfs ,169:7
vdpos, 1163:7
Tapox^i, 829:44
iray, 106: 2
wdo-i;!, 241:2; 351:12;
359:3; 746:7; 749:
8; 1122:1; 1126:4;
1371:1
irciffav^ 589: 7
Trdira, 109:8; 360:6;
1130:12; 1369:15
irdvT\ 403:13
irdvrei, i6: 7
irdvTW*', 1130:9
iro<ri, 403:4; 1589:2
iraaiy, 353:5; 498:2;
670:12; 675:7; 812:
8; 1172:8
TrdvTos, 402:3; 589:9;
670:13; 1369:19
irdffat, 106: 2
iraerrdSoj, 173 : 4
Traffrdv, 1162:5
TTOO'TtDi', 1 161 : 1
TratTTots, 1417:8
irdo-xetv, 847:7
jraTi)p, 230:4; 275:6, 7;
329:11; 748:4; 763:9;
1413:1
irdrep, 141 7: II
irorp6j, 5:7, 12; 178:5;
208:5; 261:9; 371:5;
404:4; 1163:5
Trarpf, 159:4; 163:3; 300:
3; 302:2; 366:7; 430:
3;444:3;46i:s;482:3;
489:5; 490:2; 506:2;
508:2; 679:2; 763:26;
826:4; 843:6; 1051:5;
1082:5
^arpt^, 348:3
naripa, 745:6; 1122:3
varpia, 1162:9
ndrpq., 682:15
Trdrprj, 397:12
ndrpijv, 1130: 10
vaTpiapxovPTot, 801:3
varpidpxov^ 622:3
TTarpiKltf}^ 660:3
TrarpiKolij 763 : 1 1
irdrpiov, 5:4
voLTplw, 670:5
7rarp/y, 397:4; 561:2; 562:2
warpLSos, 366:7; 371:5;
675:34
narpidi, 347:2; 403:2;
1161:7
woLTplSa, 258:10; 670:3;
1067:2
TraTpoiroirjTif, 286 : 7
irarpuio, 912: 2
rrarpifovs, 829 : 40; 1085 : 3
rrdTpwva, 58:3
irai/pous, 1127:3
iiraiffOLTOj 17:4
7roi}(ra(r^at, 1419:7
irava-ai.iJ.\ 1417:11
TTflduo'iv, 1130:10
weKdyovSj 5 : 2
ttAw, 361 : 1
TreX/wi', 829: 72
vtp.ir6vT(x)Vj 198:25
irefj.ir6fj.evoi, 829:30
irefj.irofj.4voiSj 829:55
318
ir4p.\pa,i, 198: 17
TT^/xi/'as, 829:67
Tefj,<p04vTai, 743:9
TT^VTjTtts, 217:17
iriv7)<n, 195:4
irevdepd, 443: i
irevOep^, 484:3
irevOepdv, 99: 2
irevOtpQVj 222:7
ir4v6inos, 141 7: 10
Wv^Tj, 45:3
vivdei, 329: 13
irepbwvTa, 1161 :3
Ttpi, 198:13, 14, 16, 26, 44,
49; 369: 8; 373: 10; 440: 2;
589:3; 743:10; 764:5;
829:67, 68, 76; 977:13;
1130:4
irepi^aWofiivuv , 217:9
irepi^XijOi^a-erai, 829:57
irepL^XeiTTov, 351:3
ireplfiXevTOv, 607: 1
ireptpdrjTos, 803 : 1
jrepteXi/Xii^^vat, 829 : 78
7repifl-Xeiy(ras, 1380:4
irepipavT-fipiov, 1186:2
irepiffffeCxravros, 550: i
irepirloVj 596: il
■jrept^awiis, 801 : 2
irepiiiffiop, 1419:3
iriKpop, 1140:5
irlvaKa, 747: 7
T/vet, 106:4
irlffcrrjs, 742:9
irlffTiVj 195: 2
iriffTol, 876: 1
irtaTais, 295 : 5
irtcTTuJs, 203: 12
TrXetcrrd/cii, 829:37
7rX«o-TO»', 829:33
TrXertTTa, 829: 28
irXelffTTjv, 675:8
irXewrrot, 829:45
'irXe/co, 370: 27
irXeidvwv, 675: 21
irXcoi'dKtj, 829:54
irXcoveKTij/xara, 829:77
INDEX
103
«7rX«ro, 561 : 2
fir\ev<Ta, 1380:9
tXt?", 742:11
ir\rfpuaavTa, 17:3
nXijpwffan^vuv^ 682 : 7
TrXoDffioT^pav, 829:82
TTveiJ/uoToi, 702:3
TTodds, 909:3
iir60Tiff€, 74 : 2
iro'^V, 787:6; 806:4
vodov, 195:4
noiu, 255:13
■jrowvfMev, 829:63
iroiovv, 262:32
^iroiow, 522:2
i-rrotti, 220:4; 272:9;
393:2; 816:3; 826:7;
845:3
TTOtef Tw, 200 : 7
iroterv, 198:54; 200:8;
976:21, 51, 61
vouiffdai, 742: 19
■jroioyjuej'Oi, 675:8
TToi/x^fOj, 790: 2
irotoy^aei'Ot, 682:16
iirolrjffa, 42:4; 262:21;
415:1; 769:3; 929:4;
973:5
€Volii<re, 81:4; 303:4;
558:2,5
^irofi/ffev, 14:1; 16:6;
39:7; 254:7; 283:2;
301:8; 402:2; 1082:8
iir6-i)<Ttv, 367:3
inoir)<Ta.v , 9:3; 281:3;
348:8
TTonjcraxrtv, 396:19
vot-flffavrei, 671:43
Troiri<rafi4voVy 258:7
7rot*c/Xo>', 787: 7
■7rotw«i'<ipx<"^, 806:5
TToXe/u/oKS, 675:28; 847:8
TToXe/iOJ', 355:8; 976:7, 58
noKiopKdfievoi, 976:8
ttAii, 366:7; 375:3; 683:
3; 1089:3; 1408:4
TToXewi, 53:2; 216:1;
248:7, 8;26i:2;338:5;
364:6; 675:41, 48;
811:5, 7; 829:72;
1130:4
T6Xor, 976:47; 1347:3
iro'Xet, 61:2; 213:1; 380:
3; 409:3; 410:5; 589:
4; 593:7; 675:9, 45;
781:4; 801:3; 976:35;
1130:14; 1220:7;
1298:2
ndXiv, 370:25; 671:58,
68; 764:5; 909:8;
976:41; 1130:4, 5, 6
ird'hi, 248:3; 776:8
iroXe<rt, 198:43
iro'Xett, 675 : 25
fl-dXe, 361: 1
iroXjTopxwj', 248:6; 258:5;
675:48
iroXirapxovPTa, 260:3
iro\firapxo'6vTuv^ 365 : 10;
366:7; 367:13; 369:9
iro\iTapxovvTUVj 2:2; 368 :
x; 683:4; 886:4
woXiTdpxou, 738:4
TToXtiTdpxv, 217:24, 40
TroXtirdpxv'', 217:36
iroXiTdpxoLi, 675 : 2
ToXiTtioj, 217:31
woXeirlas, 829: 71
iroXiT«f{t, 217: 15, 43
TToKiTevffdpLfvoSj 1131:4
iroX/TT/v, 1130: 7
n-oXirat, 1369 : 6, 9
TToXlTW)', 671:5, 24
iroXfiTu))', 217:3, 36
TToXfrots, 671 : 72
ToXeiratj, 4:3; 217:25
iroXX(£)c«, 829:13, 75, 83
iroXi5, 370:27
ttoXtji, 976:36
TToXXwj', 112:1; 217:3;
675:30; 787:3; 829:
41
iroXXovj, 403:6; 675:29
TToXXa'j, 671:3; 675:20
iroXXd, 217:8; 470:3
Tro\viqpaT€j 329: 1
319
iro\vdv6pu)nov^ 829:82
trdvif}, 806:4
Tr6v(i)y, 1419: 12
iroptvtffdai, 829 : 50
nopOfifijffai, 403 : i
irdpoiov, 361 :8
Trope, 360: 1
irop<pvpopd<pu)v , 439: 2
Wffn, 214:1; 401:4; 1419:4
TToVtv, 5:9; 1172: 12
Tro(r«if, 403 : 7
TOT^, 403 : 8
tot', 470:3; 546:3
TTpay/idTuv, 682 : 10
■rrpdynara, 675:5
Trpai.iro<riT(f}j 652:4
npaiToiplov, 282 : 2
TrpatTupl(f)^ 281 : 2
irpalrwpi^ 652:6
irpa'^ewj, 198:13
npanlatv, 398:3
vpaffii, 262:12
vpdffcruVj 675:34
Trpaxflero-i, 589:5
TTfirpay/x^vuv^ 675:38
Trpf (TjSe/aj', 253 : 4
irpefffidait, 37:5
Trpecr/SiJTepos, 1324:1
npffffivT^pov, 110:2; 111:3
7rpe<rj3€i/Ti5s, 671:45, 58
TrpecT-^ei/roO, 671:48
TrpeffPtvTT^Vj 671:36
TrpefffievTuVj 217:48
irpeff^evrds, 675:40
TTpfff^daavra, 330:5
iTTpeff^evaatrro, 370:4
npffffievaat, 248:2
trpia^vv^ 1122:2
7rp^<r/3etJ, 198:50; 743:6,
8; 743:14
7rpiji}vo'oii, 398: 2
i-n-pLaro^ 126:3
Tp/»', 360:2; 742:13
npivT^ivi, 246:4
7rp6, 258:15; 1385:3
irpoo/petric, 675:43
irpoeXdfjitvoi, 675 : 26
irpoPQvKevaap.4vwv^ 671 : 2
104 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
jtpoyoviKovs. 829:48
irpo7</i'W)', 675:35; 1411:6
irpoypdfiiJi.a(ni>, 829:68
vpoyfypafji.fi^vov, 126:12;
258:22
■n-poyeypa/ifi^vri^ 829:17
vpoedpos, 787:5
■KpoiSpov^ 801 : 2
trpoidpuv, 977:6
irpo4<TTtj, 562:8
■n-poelprjvrai, 671:7, 27
vpoei.prjfJLivas, 829:79
irpoeaiVj 363:6
irpoOvfjLos, 976:51
vpoOvp^i, 976: 25, 60
irpoiKa, 829:52
irpo'idvTt^ 670: 2
npo'CivTuv, 829:44
irpoiffTafieyoi, 675: 7
irpo'iffTo.ixivwVj 799 : 5
irpoKeiadai, 829:61
irpoKeift^vov^ 666:3
vpoKiifiivrtv, 353 : 5
-rrpoKei/jL^voii, 675: 19
irpoXiTTcr*', 829:48
irpoXiTTw)', 195:4
irpoKelipas, 403 : 2
Trpo\i\otva, 403 : 9
vpovo-fi<ra<rdai., 829:66
irpovoTtOels, 675 : 19
vpovoTjO^vruv, 675:47
irpovolq.^ 524: 2
jrpo'voioj', 675:8; 829:58
TTpovoovines, 299:2
irpo'levoi, 671:2, 21; II30:
3; 1327:2
irpoj^voi/, 671:29
irpo^evoc, 256:3
Trpo Tracra, 403 : 1 2
Trpo iroffij', 403 : 5
Trpos, 117:2; 125:10; 198:
26, 39; 362:6; 370:16,
2S;477:4;67i:58;672:2;
675:41; 682:5; 742:23,
25; 977:12; 1172:12;
1364:2
irpoffavyeikavTO^^ 258:9
irpocrdyeiu, 255 : 10
7rpo(r5^|eoi, 1418:1
irpoffede^dneda, 671 : 52
7rpoffefnrovov(n, 217:20
wpoff^pSev^ 1218:2
Trpocrij/ceVw, 198:15
vpoffTivT^s, 625:6
irpdffOe, 1419:8
vpoffKOfxl<rofj.€Vj 829: 16
irpoffTayfiara, 829:42, 85
irpoffraTTOvres, 198:43
irpocTTaTT;!, 1369 : 7
irpoffTaTou, 367:19
irpoffTdTTjv, 330:4
irpoffrdrai, 847:14
irpoffTetfiov, 415:4; 418:4;
426:5; 476:4
irpoarlfiov, 180:9
irpoffTifjUf)^ 776:7
irpoffTifiov, 83:3; 126:18
irpo<r(p4pei, 246:3
irpoiT^tXijs, 1131:5, 8; 1140:
9; 1167:1; 1169:1; 1295:
2; 1302:2; 1303:3; 1307:
I, 4; 1310:1, 3; 1336:2;
1345:3; 1365:1, 2; 1367:
i; 1595:2
irpoTe\ei;Ti5<ravTa, 260:4
irpdrepov, 217:12; 829:81;
976:61
Ttporipuv^ 1127:3
Trporipoii^ 198:31
vporipovs, 76:4
irpdroit, 976:30
irpo(/)a'(7«s, 829:79
vpo<p7]Tuv^ 37:6
7rpo(p0d(Tas, 45 : i
7rpo0tX^9, 1591 :3
Trpoxpij/iaTio-at, 198:55
irpoxoipeTv, 829: 22
Trpuraw^os, 255:3; 977:5
irpvraveioVj 255 : 19
iirpvrdveve, 198:3
iwpvTdveveVj 255:4
■7rp(i)T€KdiK({!j 636:6
irpuTodpovov, 355:6
Trpwrowrdpios, 648:4
irpuTOffiradapiov, 622:4;
631:3
320
TrpuToa-iradapiif), 630 : 2 ;
647:4; 650:3; 651:4;
695:4; 660:4
irpwTTjj, 359: 2
TTpWTOV, 410:2; 811:6;
1369:8
irptir»;c, 803:5; 1411:9
irpwra, 4:4
irpdrus, 365:15
vopeOd^vTei, 675:40
TTTii/xaros, 675:17
iri;KTeu<roJ, 16:2
TTuXi;, 592:2
«ri/'Xai, 1364:3
vvdiffdai, 76 : 7
iruTUixivT)^ 403 : 13
poSov, 169: 1
pv^trra, 806: 1
ffe^i,ap,ios, 610: i
ffe^dffniov, 590: 2
(reySoaroi, 60:7
o-e/Sao-ToO, 371:4; 427:3;
528:9; 1338:2
ve^affTifi, 492:6
ffe^affrdv, io86: 2
(re^oo'Twi', 52:3
<reipd, 670:17
irAaj, 669: 2
ffe/JLVov, 1294: 1
ffcfjivd, 1162:10
(re^poTaTTji, 222:4
<re|i»'oraTr;, 744:4
ffe/ivoTaTov, 1410:6
ffeixvdTTjra, 258:17
<re/xvwj. 72:3:453:5
(repair Iwvi, 451:1
<^Wa, 37:3; 76:2; 165:2;
404:4
<r^M', 482 : 5
(T^^wi, 611:4
ffitiKov, 833 : 2
o'tToi', 198:35
aK€va<rap.^vovs, 855:6
ffK-nfijv, 349:1
ffKTjvifj.a, 929: 12
ffKlpTTfUOV^ 669:3
INDEX
105
(TKnIiSfii, 666: 2
(TKor^Tjs, 360: 2
afiiKpdv, 1172:3
ffopov, 524:1; 1298:1
ffo<plT]S, 1 1 26: 2
ffwadapoKavdiSdros, 648: i
<rrrelpTi<Tii, 267:4
ffneiffaffOai, 742:22
(TirouSj, 806:4
(TTciSiot, 363(4): 2
ffTaX^vTttJ, 682:6
(TTar^ptti, 1 130: 14
aravpiiffeui, 352 : 2
iffre^ev, 675 : 23
iffTfvdxv^^, 1163:2, 6
ffrep^w, 719:3
arepiuffov, 702 : i
iffT^peffev, 1172:14
vri<pavi)<p6pov, 1134:5
(TTt^a'j'OV, 671:40, 65, 75
aTf(f>dv(i}i^ 671:9, 13; 675:
38
ffTi<pavov, 396:4; 675:45
are<pdvovtj 397 : 14
ffTe^avoi, 671: 12
{TTe^avoOrat, 1071:2
<rTe</)avw(rat, 671:8; 675:
37
ta<TTf<pdvuK€P, 671:61
(TT^ipOS, 397:8
ffr4<pavTa, 589:3
ffTTJdeffiv, 45 : 6
(TTijXtjj, 743:4
<rT7;Xi;i, 256:6
ffTij\tiv, 76 : 5 ; 248 : 9 ; 694 :
10; 847:16
"^Wp'fe, 363(11):!
ffTopvvffdaij 247 : 3
ffTpaTevfidruv, 371-8
iarpdrtvffev, 267 : 5
ffTparevffdfievos, 303 : 3 ;
419:2
arpar-nydpxv, 639:4
ffTparriyds, 255:6; 637:3
(rTparr^yov, 622:4; 43i-'4;
675:13; 7i4:7; 715:7;
716:2; 717:2, 6
<rTpoT777^, 346:6; 630:4;
649:4; 660:5
(TTpoTeYot, 976:39
(TTpaTTiyoy, 200:5
(TTpaTTjyol, 198:56
(TTpaTTjyovs, 255:15
arpaTidv, 976:40
ffTpaTiJI)Tr]i, 222:1; 419:1
ffTpaTtciroi/, 34 : 2 ; 615:2,
6; 616:6; 617:2
ffrpanQraij 829:80
o'TpaTJWTiDi', 675 : 14, 15
c-rpaTiwras, 675 : 24
cTTpaTtwTiKoO, 593:5
(TTpaTOTT^Swt, 675: 12
arpaToir^SuVj 829:19
ffrpufia, 1348:4
o'Ti;7»'os, 1 161 :4
arvyvdv, 1162:6
(j-icy^ei/e/oj, 740:6
ffvyxiopvaavra, 55:3
<ri/7xwp^<''«t, 889:6
avveKfX'^PVKti'fjitv, 671:53
<rvvi\aPiv, 675:30
ffvWTJ^Srjv, 370:15
ffv/i^dfTos, 675: 14
ffvfi^ios, 281:6; 479:3
o-ui/^fov, 35:3; 222:4;
363(8):3; 607:3; 664:2
(TUM/S/v, 85:3; 168:5; 175:
4; 238:4; 283:3; 287:2;
406:5; 453:3; 487:6;
545:1; 560:2; 692:5;
693:3; 814:3; 817:2;
929:7; 933:6
avvQlip, 478:1; 488:3;
781:2
ffvvpwv, 748 : 2
ffvp,^id)ffa(xa, 165:5
(TwavfjiaxovvTei, 976:42
cn/ft/uax^as, 742:23
avfi/j-axlf, 742:24
(Tvnnaxioii', 675 : 24
ffv/xfidxovi, 742:3
ffVfnr\^ov<ny, 1383:5
ffviiiro\iopK^(rovT€i, 976:42
ffvixiroffidpxv^, 1135:2
ffvvirpayiJMTevdfievoi, 3 : 2
(Ti/v, 403 : 2
ffvvayaySvTuv, 258:6
321
avvayofxivr)^ 829:75
ffvvaxO^vTOi, 675 : 1 1
avvaifjxxTi, 1162: 7
(7'u«'xixp^»n-€s, 675:41
ffvvdTnjpev^ 195:3
(TuvaTreX^o vTos, 675:22
<rvvbi€TroKiiJ.-rj(ra.v^ 976: 7
<rvvSt.eiro\4nf(rav, 976:53
(TVvdponTJs, 209:2; 351:3;
799:2; 801:2; 802:1;
804:3; 1109:3
ffvviSpiov, 1410:6
ffvveSpoi, 218: 2
avveiatp^povras, 247 : 5
ffvv€i.<T(popd, 247 : 5
(Tvvfpylas, 593:3
ffvvevapfffTovvrufv, 222:5
<T'i/i'£x^<'"''*'''*> 829:35
(Tui'exwJ, 198:54
(TUi^^eto, 439:1; 440: I
ffvvijdeiav, 829:85
ffvvijdei, 596:2
ffwdtaalrait, 284:4
ffvvofxalfjiovas^ 403:9
ffvvoirXov^ 562 : 5
o-uvreXefar, 702 : 2
ff'ucTeXetJ', 247:4
ffweriXovv, 829: 22
avvreKtadOxri, 671:66
ffvvidtTO, 363:4
<ri'(rT<£(rewi, 589 : 2
o-^aXefj, 1162:6
a(j>eTipav, 198:46
ff<f>6Spa, 370:28
<r0pa7fi, 646:2; 1015:2
ffwfjui, 46:8
ffupMTOi, 106:3
(rw/idrwi', 829: 74
ffwTTjpa, 60: 12; 1081:2
ffwrrjplas, 125:4
auiTTiplq., 829: 14
ffwrrjpiav, 353:4; 1108:4
aoiTTjplov, 1110:6
o'w^potriJi'ijs, 165:7; 401:3
autppoavvyjv, 670:8
rdXafTO, 1127: 1
ra/if^oi", 829: 14
106
LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
Tafutlif), 180:9; 413:3
ranelifi, 420:2; 426:5;
447:3; 740:8; 781:4;
1220:8
rafiieiiuv, 248:6
ra/ilat, 675:16
TfXevTijarda-ri^ 238:4
reXfvrQvTtj 300:4
TeXtvrrjtrai, 675: 11
TfXfvrTJffavTij 973:3
reXevTijffas, 83 : i
reXei/TT}*', 46:4; 417:2
raftiov, 364:6; 367:20; TeX^i/<rt, 742:16
368:5
Ttt/t/y, 401:9; 929:14
ra^iipXiav, 804:2
Taireti/ij, 246:1; 836:1
ripfvpiov^ 258:20, 25
fTerdxoTo, 198:31
Ttrayixivov, 198:40
TtTwytiAvifi, 198:47
Terafnivovi, 675: 16
Ta«5pou, 374:3
ra(l)-fiv, 461 : 2
Td</)ot, 89:1; 625: 1
rd^oi^, 160:13; 666:3
Td^V, 180:5
ri<t>ov, 89:10; 180
1161:6
Td^ouj, 1417:9
Td<ppoit, 396:8
To'xo, 803 : 6
re/xouj, 593 : 2
reip()ftevoi, 329:13
TeXerv, 198:30
reX^ojTos, 742: 14
TeX^<ravTt, 253:4
tAoi, 198:25; 743:4
xAea, 742:16
T(\4fffiara, 829 : 59
Ttpivbi, 625:6
t^Pm', 401:7
Ttpirviv, 787 : 7
ripftt, 670:11
Tt<rp.6v, 1417:4
T^rapTou, 366:5, 6
TtOfe, 401:4
TcO^ei', 180:2; 694:7
«7-ei;|ev, 710:1
tTeyfav, 789:6
T-fi/^oj, 160:11
re'xcijJ, 869:3
'■<^X»T7, 847:19
'■'5^27, 477:1
TfifxiuTdrov, 209:3
rrjvlKa, 563:4
reeijyai, 499:4; 675:46
682:18; 740:4; 889:7
Te&vdvai, 847:9
OiffBuv, 1369:16
6ipLevoi, 112:2
riKVv, 28:4; 31:2; 77:3; tt;/)©!^^^^^, 855:4
172:4; 174:5; 210:2; ?^i7<ca. 1298:1
400:5; 428:2; 431:3; TfOe<r<?at, 675:38
433:3; 435:2; 473:3;
534:4; 538:2; 556:1;
686:3; 695:4; 750:2
riKvuv, 21:3; 62:2;
Zi^'-3\ 401:9; 403:16;
445:5; 607:4; 783:3; TeKoiffT,, 172:5
°24:2 TT7K0;uej', 45 : 8
TiKvo^s, 42:3; 294:4; TeKoi5(rav, 643:2
434:4; 479:4; 676:1; W»c6, 1161:5
696:4; 769:6; 929:10; rex^rw, 396:16
^298:2 W-^oy, 1161:6
riKva, 122:3; 147:4; TtMw<rt, 671:6, 26
178:2; 181:3; 212:2; iTlp.r,(Tav,ioS^:i
281:3; 444:3; 547:1; TiMwvres, 3 : 7
^419:9 irein-rfffavTO, 21T.-}
iTfXenbevf, 803 : 5 Teifio,fi4yu, 282 : 4
322
T(./j.3,s, 1162:10
T«/i^«f, 126:15
Tt^las, 352:3
ret/ioOxo*', 1134:4
rtJ, 847:17
tIvuv, 799 : 6
rXdftopa, 1161:8
rXd/Mvat, 1163:4
rotovTo, 829:14
TOMiJTijs, 829 : 86
t6kuv, 258:13
TOKevffi, 397:13
TOKevffiv, 1140:8
ToX/ii}<r€(, 781:2; 933:3
ToXfi-Ziai^ 929: II
roXfi^ff-g, 401:8; 415:3;
426:3; 475:5; 502:2;
740:5
iTdXfirjaaVj 829:45
tSttos, 607 : 1
T6irwt, 675:46
T6Tro», 247:3; 399:10
t6<t ffovi, 397:12
rpow/fjj, 106:2
^P^c, 1122:4
irpi\j/aTo, 675:16
rpotpeluVj 5:9
^P<^«5, 387:7
rpiffoXpiov, 805:6
Tptrdrov, 1161:2
rpofUeis, 669:5
rpbirov, 829:17
rpotpT^v, 116:2
Tp6<pifios, 507:3
Tpo<pifj.il), 11:4
Tpv(t>-fiv, 829:74
ri^VXdfwcri, 977:11
rifi^iop, 215:4
ri//u^os, 160:8; 523:1
Ti//Li/3o>', 117:3
Ti5/i^ot, 1417:5
rinpois, 397:8
TliTTO*-, 352:1; 1108:3
TiJx'7S, 829:69
TI/X17, 1:1; 243:4; 262:1;
342:1; 671:27; 829:62;
1130:3; 1141:1; 1182:
i; 1217:2
Tl/XT?*-, 498:6
7-l)xOt, 4:6
INDEX
107
appiv, 1127:2
vyelai, 371 : i
iryialvfiv, 675:42
v5i, 203 : 2 1
ijdup, 62:5
vSd.TUv, 829:33
i'i6s, 5:6; 107:2; 248
7; 277:4; 461:2; 464
3; 470:1; 494:3; 514
1; 531:6; 561:4; 675
4; 752:4; 782:2; 1134:^;
1136:2
woC, 81:4; 214:4; 272:6;
301:3; 364:3
vlifi. 84:3; 204:1; 231:2;
254:3; 390:2; 406:8;
410:3; 493:4; 496:1;
740:2; 815:4; 973:3;
1348:1
vl6v, 12:6; 19:2; 72:2;
260:2, 4; 292:2; 811 :
9;8i2:5; 1124:3
i-wf, 450:3
viwp, 301:5
uiotj, 826:8
vidffiv, 1163:7
uiojJl, 37:5
v6i, 178:9
"v, 177:3; 1347:5
liirapxoy, 669: 2
virdrifi, 366: 5
iw^p, 125:4; 198:17; 217:
11; 420:2; 590:8; 1130:
12
vwfpaylai, 206:2; 355:2
iiirtpOe, 160:13
inr(p<pid\ov, 669 : 1
vwi]p€<Tlav, 829:55
\)vripiT-f)(xavroi, 592:6
virrjpiT'qffavTa, 386: 10
vinip€Tr)K6Ta, 855:9
i'T6, 126:6; 198:47; 207:
5; 217:3; 248:5; 261:
3; 365:8; 370:24; 374:
4; 401:7; 743:15; 976:47
w', 398:6; 1162: 6;i348:5
vToyeypaufxivot, 2:7; 53:9;
234:3
vvoKfifUyovs, 427: 2
vtroix^vtiv, 829:39
inroar(i\dfttvoi, 675:28
virovpytas, 590:4
viro<p^peiVj 829:36
varaTlriv, 694: 12
iiniuT'Tiv^ 670:20
vxf/lffTip, 6:1; 7:3; 38:4;
923:3
inZ-oO, 403:13
(paiSpQt, 806:3
(pavelreai, 76:3
(pavelrjSj 329: 16
(pav^ffTi^ 116: 1
i^dot, 173:8; 398:3
(peoy^u, 847 : 23
<pe6ytiv, 847 : 3
<p^pf>}, 361:6
<f>^PV, 1369: 10
(p^ptiv, 198:9; 829:46
^eO, 625:7; 670:15, 20
(pe'iyovTet, 1369:5
(p€vi6fie$a, 829:56
Hf^V, 1108:2
f<t>VfMv, 1413:3
ipd, 362:2
«pet, 361:3
etiras, 403 : 23
eiirav, 671:56; 675:3
elTre, 198:5, 34, 59. 60;
976:39
einev, 214:6; 255:6,
20; 671:2, 21; 764:3;
976:6; 977:8
el'^3, 1130:13
elireiv, 198:18, 27; 1 130:
12
(iir6vT0i, 742:13
(pddffavra, 829:68
(pdtv^opi' , 1172:6
<pdip.^vav, 1163:6
(p6ifx4voi<ri, 329: 15
tp06voy, 169: 2
<p6op3.i, 625:8
(pl\at<riv, 1162:8
(l)i\avSplai, 215:4
<pi\dv5p(f), 462 : 1
323
0iX^a>v, 195: 1
(piKlav, 200:8
(piXirjv, 742: 20
(fiiXioi, 401 :4
<t>i.\lii), 180:3
(piXodo^ias, 812: II
(piXo^fvlrjv, 195: 2
<pl\oi, 199:9
0(Xt7, 670:11
<pl\ov, 1419:8
(^fXijj, 403:27
^£XV, 11:5
<t>l\oi, 203:17; 234:5;
1419:7
<^fXa, 169:5; 1419:9
(piKoTifjila, 670:18
0iXoTt/x(ai, 675 :9
(piXorlfius, 1084:2
(piXoxp^i^fuv, 623:2; 799:6
tpiXrpoiffi., 561:4
iplffKifi, 363(5): 6
(p6pot, 1383:6
(f>6pov, 198:8, 30
<f)6povt, 829:21, 58
4>pd<rov, 625:7
(ppivti, 45:6
<(>p6vii<riv, 670:9
(ppovpQv, 675: 19
0i/XaKa, 666:4
0uX(iTTOVTts, 198:46
<f>v<T(us, 670: 18
0WS, 670:11, 16
(pQra, 1122: 1
0WTaj, 160:6
Xafpo;i, 74:11; 403, r':S
Xa?pe, 83:4; 194:3;
215:6; 362:1, 2, 10;
400:6; 403, B':5; 472:
5; 535:2; 536:6, 7;
541:3; 546:3; 673:3;
805:2; 850:3; 974:3;
1131:6, 9; 1132:3;
1135:3; 1136:5; 1140:
9; 1167:2; 1169:1;
1174:2; 1178:1; 1179:
2; 1180:2; 1182:2;
1216:2; 1289:3. 6;
108 LEGAL TERMS IN MACEDONIAN INSCRIPTIONS AND THE N.T.
1292:2; 1293:2; 1295:
2; 1296:4; 1297:2;
1299:2; 1303:3, s;
1303:4; 1306:2; 1307:
I, s; 1308:2; 1310:4;
1311:1; 1322:2, 6, 8;
1331:3; 1332:1; 1333:
2; 1336:2; 1343:2;
1345:4, 6; 1346:3;
1354:3; 1355:5; J365:
r, 2; 1367:1; 1417:3;
1424:4, 7, 10; 1425:3;
1428:3
XO.ipfr€, 16:7; 79:3; 169:
3, 4; 170:8; 215:5;
470:2; 870:2; 1389:3
Xa/pei;-, 92:3; 169:3; 671:
47; 814:4
Xiptv, 169:4
exipV, 1104:5
Xaipai, 123:2
XaXicarj, 671:9, 14, 62
XaXxds, 671:28
XOLfio<r6piov, 929:5
Xtt/)ti-6Mevor, 589:7
X<ip«, 523:3; 1108:1
X<ipn', 8:3; 10:5; 12:7
14:5; 15:4; 16:6; 21
4; 27:4; 38:4; 29:7
30:6; 31:3; 39:4; 40
4; 43:1; 44:6; 73:5
77:6; 78:6; 79:2; 80
2; 81:5; 82:3; 84:3
85:6; 87:3; 93:2; 95
4; 96:3; 97:4; 98:3
99:3; 100:4; 101:6
103:3; 104:4; 122:4
130:3; 143:6; 146:4
147:3; 149:2; 150:3
156:4; 158:5; 159:5
160:3; 162:4; 166:5
170:6; 174:7; 175:7
176:5; 177:4; 178:11
179:7; 181:4; 182:2
184:6; 185:3; 186:3
194:2; 208:5; 210:3
212:2; 220:3; 222:8
223:3; 224:4; 230:3
238:9; 252:3, 6; 254
8; 263:4; 383:4; 288
5; 290:4; 294:6; 300
7; 301:9; 302:3; 305
3; 306:9; 308:14
310:5; 331:4; 341:4
363(5): 4; 386:6; 388
7; 390:3; 391:2; 394
3; 395:4; 397:3; 398
3; 399:8; 400:6; 403
B':4; 404:6; 405, 4
406, 10; 407, 4; 408, 9
409:-'; 410:4; 411:3
412:3; 413:2; 414:4
421:9; 422:5; 423:4
428:2; 430:7; 432:6
433:4; 435:8; 436:7
439:8; 443:6; 444:4
445:6; 449:6; 453:6
458:2; 463:5; 465:5
467:5; 468:11; 471:5
473:5; 475:4; 476:3
477:2; 478:1; 479:6
480:4; 481:6; 484:4
485:3; 486:3; 487:8
489:6; 499:3; 508:2
514:5, 8; 515:3; 517
2; 518, 2; 521:6; 526
2; 527:7; 529:8; 530
S; 531:3; 534:6; 536
S; 537:3; 540:4; 547
3; 555:2; 556:3; 565
3; 595:6; 596:3; 627:3
671:59; 679:5; 685:4
686:4; 687:3; 691:4
692:7; 694:11, 15
695:5; 696:5; 744:5
745:9; 746:9; 748:4
749:10; 750:3; 765:3
771:4; 776:3; 783:9
786:5; 806:7; 813:4
815:5; 817:4; 819:3
824:3; 826:5; 829:48
843:7; 862:3; 863:10
865:1; 867:8; 909:11
910:2; 973:6; 1051:8
1082:8; 1175:5; 1347
324
7; 1373:6; 1414:3;
1415:2
X^P^", 169:4
XapiTUfi^vT), 807:1
Kexapirun^vTj, 805 : 2
K^X*"**", 1127:3
Xap«'"ri)pio»', 923:3
Xelp, 112:5
X"Pa, 1186:2
Xetpw;/, 675:29
x^x^«, 1172:5
X0ov6s, 195:3
X^o**', 1 1 72: 1
X'XtdSas, 447:4
Xi\Lovs, 1130:13, 14
X'X»a, 83:2; 103:7
XtXtixT'ToO, 1110:6
Xotpov, 1218:2
Xoprryftv, 829:29, 52
XopU, 976:32
XOP^*', 1172:9
Xopot, 671: II
XPV<^0ai, 198 : 19
Xpe/ttJ, 671:2, 21
XPe'a*', 258:24
Xpetij*, 498:6
XP'), 855:5
Xpij/idroi', 976:18
Xp-flP-o-ra, 200:4; 255:8;
976:12
Xpift'O-r', 847:21
Xp-^fMiaiv, 976:15
XpviJ-a-Ti^V, 1369:15
XPVf^arlaai, 198:52; 977:
13
XPflf'^O'ThavTos, 1109:3
XPVf^o-'Ti'i^f-iv, 266:2
XP^ffem, 217:31
XP^frtv, 829:18, 34
XPiJ^^Tj, 184:2
XPW"^", 171:2
XPV(^T-^pui, 1588:5
XPV<^r6v, 184:3
XPV<rri, 194:3; 850:2;
1132:3
XP7?ffT^, 1121:4
XPKTTiavwv, 1109:6
INDEX
109
Xp(>vov, 593:8; 675:6, 44;
1190:4
Xpdvoi, 976:28
Xpivoip, 829:44
Xpivovi, 589:9
Xpvffov, 670: 17; 929: 14
XPV<T at, 354:2
XpvcraTs, 806: 2
Xpv<rorpiK\-fivov, 655 : 2
XPfO-oOs, 1298:3
XpvffQv, 848:4
xWfta, 976:55
Xwpat, 198:22
Xwpoj', 198: 21
Xwp/s, 198:16; 401:8; 411:
4; 426:4; 500:1; 503:1;
742:21
Xwpfoi/, 1364:3, 5, 6
Xo>plu)i, 1364: 2
Xwp^w*", 62 : 5
Xdfploii, 217: II
Xcipv, 106: 2
Xwpov, 669:4; 1140:4
XcipTT?, 597:6
^euffd/xei/ot, 217:8
hp-t)(l>l<TaTO, 67 1 : 63
iTp7}<f>l<r6ai, 255:9 977:10;
1334:3
\j/7}(pl^i>)VTai, 198:45
i\prf<pifffi^v(i)v, 671 : 74
ifrj<fnfftt^va, 1130:13;
1141:6
xf/rjtpurna, 198:14, 16, 41;
200:9; 671:17; 675:42,
45; 847:17; "30:3;
1141:1; 1369:13, 14
a(pi(pi<TfMa, 976:55
fr]<pl<Tfji.aroi, 671:52, 67
xf/ri<f>l<rnaTa, 365:9; 671:
37, 49> 58
\l'7lf(f>2(n, 806 : 2
iZ-uxi^, 46:7; 403:12; 1140:
3; 1172:6
w7U7iw»', 694:5
w3e, 282:4
wpi^oi, 116:3
diffirep, 198:12; 670:6
325
m
U.C.BERKELEY LIBRARIES
CD^7Dsa^b7
O
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA I.IBRARY