IIl.MlV M. MAM.KY. DAVTR LIVINGSTONE. From a Photograph. , COIMUPZCZETIE. THE LIVES AND TRAVELS COVERING THEIH ENTIRE CAREER IN SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL AFRICA. CAREFULLY PREPARED From the most authentic sources, vir, : Livingstone's two large volumes, "South Afrita," and "The Zambesi Expedition ;" his " Last Journals" (edited by Horace Waller), the Reports of the London Geographi- cal Society, the works of their cotemporaries, and various other writings bearing upon the subject. A THRILLING NARRATIVE ^Utoentures, Discoveries, experiences cmb SUljiroements OP THE GREATEST EXPLORERS OF MODERN TIMES IN A WILD AND WONDERFUL COUNTRY, INCU'DING Livingstone's E?rly life, Preparation for his life-work, a Sketch of Africa as known before his going there, the entire Record of bis Heroic Undertakings, Hazards, Hardships, Triumphs, his Discovery by H. S. Stanley, Lis lonely Death, faithful Self-devotion of his nathe Servants, Return of the Remains, Burial, etc. ; the work taken up by Stanley ; the Three Great Mysteries of the Past five thousand years olved by Stanley ; concluding with a clear and concise survey of the continent touching its Agricultural, Commercial and Missionary promise, the Jiile mystery, etc., a* gathered from the works of Livingstone, Baker, Speke, Grant, Barth, etc. BY REV. J. E. CHAMBLISS. -K*- ' ' RICHLY ILLUSTRATED. BOSTON: DE WOLFE, FISKE & COMPANY, PUBLISHERS. Kaurl verting t.. Act f C.ngrt.., In tt jm IWl, Ij t..ti. I). C. PREFACE. MY task has been to write a book setting forth as clearly as possible the life-work of Dr. Livingstone, in its connection with the history of the African continent, and its bearing on thosy great issues involved in the redemption of that continent from gloom and barbarism. I have followed, as closely as the subject demanded, the books and journals of Dr. Livingstone himself, for his personal observations and adventures, and have availed myself freely of whatever I have found, in a wide range of works, in illustration of the character and customs of the people, the appearance and condition of the country, the habits of ani- mals, and have freely seized such facts of science and of general history as have seemed to have a bearing on my subject. Where I have drawn on the works of others, I have done so more for facts than for the form of putting them, and I have not been particularly careful in making quotations, that they should be literal, nor has it seemed important in a work designed fot popular patronage to make frequent mention of authorities. I have had at my command the most reliable sources of informa- tion concerning the things of which I have written, and while I am conscious that there are imperfections in the book, I have tried to make it a faithful record, a clear delineation of character, and a reliable witness in connection with the great interest* ia- 3 4 PREFACE. vlvil in the question of African civilization, as far as these matt-r- i-uld U- considered under the circu instances. If" t!i- n-tl r _" -t-- a tnu- ami lull conception of the work of I>r. Livi'.i;:-t>M' , <-it'hi- anything <>f his manliness, love for iijt-n, :ni'l /-.il ir < 'hri-t.ainl IK. -nines nmn- deeply interested in tin- i:r-.it i iit rjin--- "ii \vhii-h tin- deliverance of the millions .t' that n:ih:ijtp\ .Milip-nt trmn the dominion of igiioranee and Mlju-r-titi'iii aii'l \ i- < I|I-|H n.|-. il' he IIM-OIIKS onlv ;i little \vis<.T, nni -tnn^T. :md U-tt r, and nohler, through rwidinj; the lMM)k, I will U.- Hati-li tl. J. E. ('. CONTENTS. INTRODUCTION. Early Civilization in Northern Africa The Limit of the Ancient Civiliza- tion Theatre of Mythology Saracen Conquest Settlement of Soudan Mohammedan Failure. The Fifteenth Century (iilianez Passed Cape Ro- jador Portuguese Efforts on the West Coast Roman Catholicism The Failure England and France Richard Jobson Mnniro Park I)enhaia and Clapperton Richard Lander I>is)>cls the Niger Mystery Kingdoms on the West Dahomey, Ashantce, etc. Tl.e Cape Settlement Yaseo d; Gauia The Settlement of Natal by the English Lieutenant Christopher Abyssinia and the Nile Hruce and Dr. Beke The Nile Mystery us it Stands The Uiikiwicn Livingstone 17 CHAPTER I. BLANTYRR TO THE BAKWAINS. Noble Names David Livingstone Blantyre Home Traditions The Fac- tory Common School Latin Love of Hooks He Honest Flis Father Mother Scottish Poor Hothwell Conversion Missionary Spirit ( 'liina Medicine Astrology (ireek Theology Africa Thorough Prepara- tion 1S40 Leaves England (iocs to South Africa Condition of Country Cape Colony Cape Town Altroa Hay Port Elizabeth Ktirnman or Lat- takoo Dr. M oft at Northward .Studying Lair_rua r _re, etc. Selects Mata- bosa Settles Kindness to the Natives A Lion Encounter .loins the Bak wains ;;3 CHAPTER II. 18431850. The Hechnanas The Bakwains Sechelc His Conversion Hi- Difficulties The (iovernment Baptism of Sechelc < Yoss and ( Yown Ditliculties <>f the Work Belief in Rain-Makinu' Dr.uirht Nobl,. ( 'onduet The H..J.O Kindness to Livingstone Living-tone's Spirit The Boers Slavery Antagonistic Principles Boers Hate Livingstone Secln-le's Roistance Livingstone Accused His Ell'ects Destroyed (Joinc: Northward IV-ire to find the Lake 1'e-ireto see Sebituane Sekomi The De-crt Bu^h- inen Bakalahari Water Suckinir Across the Desert- -Difticuliies Salt Pan* The /ou-ja (Quakers of Africa Lake N\'ami Di-cov, r.-d The Lake Sebituane (Jnides Refused Sketch of the ZOIUM El.-phants Trees Fish Bayieye Kolobeng Again Home-life in Kolobeng 44 5 CONTEXTS. CHAPTER III. DEPKKT* AXI> K Journry u> thr Ij\kf ~I'wt tin- /^>uea Forests TtetM - -ItrrnnA thr /itiipt- I.akr Nkimii Air-iin H--IH-. nfM-vini; Sfhituane |ipnMtionof 'hicV Srl>it!i.inr' Mr*MMitrri Third Start Tin- < !d I'atli ItMTt av% Water ruiid Haiwjna (iuide to ihri'ho'- M.ik.i I..!.. M<-t. Srl.ituam- IVatli ..(" S. hiuuin.- I>isoiivTy ( tin- y_MiU-i Ilcttirii* t' t'ajn-- Srnili hi* Kainily t<- Kiitrliiii'l A N-\r T--r l'ii.l< rt.iV.rn Tarty -c H.-T of ti..- .i]- < iri-iua-.' T-rrit<-rv Kt!i-<-t !" Mi-i"ii \V i>rk Knru- lu an lr. M..ff;\t HIM* Tninthitnni Ijtiu'itt)<-ul- t)i---STvaiil S--iir-n |kult.il<> >-. h. 1. -, 'Imir >r|ipnt. Tin- < Mrx-h - M-itliwu lU-lii-f ID |minuKv of Cnuiitry . r >i CHAPTER IV. MVK \VI:I:K.- WITH M:KI:I.I:TT. Arrival at I.iny.nnti M.ik. .]..! TJn-ir I'.'li.'v W. !,-.,in.- i l.ivinwt-'iw >'*.!! i \fr>.ui l("|i-t:t!iiy Mn-tiiodiiviiiif'i liilli.ully I.i\ iiu'-intu 1 T- <>'.-, t.. Tr.'.d.- M:- l..ilH. r . M.ik..l..L. ld,-.t..| |t.;uiiy \!;!n!iin->s .T'l.V.'^ l.!V :!!. .!..'. I.. 'lr-|.\ I', thr |::ir>-ti- 'II.- S. ll uli.tU' till '( h..Kf P.- 1'ir l:...|.M ,-,-k. !.-'.u l-.\.s {..!].,- Jlnts aiid II. il- The F-r.JIuf.yr \ !i; |,, ^N^-.ut K:.l..n.M Ti.. >|.:.-l,d:-l l:i\,-r Th.- M..ka!.lkn D.r i ..t.tr.i.t i .itt!'- :ui t \\.ir l:.i|.,.U .it.ir.i.-i< I :1 1N \.. \(.,|iii- UK-rif 1:1 \(r.-\ Th. li.ir - V.ill. v 1. rl:!!lv M,.in:d^ I 'in, I -hln. n! Wxr \\.f.d 'I!,.- F.r-t Whi!.- M.in T, . lh.- I..-, K.i N., I'l..,-, |,, r a M i- . n 'Hi-- \\ iid-t ..f all l.im .did ii/.iri I'.T l.".iti'l" S.-ri'-u- Tin . Oiit.M !'..r -l..'irn.-y \..\. rn)~ r 1 1 th. 1 '.T K-.-ap.- fr-.m an K>j-i.4i.t lli< lli|.(--|...taiuu Arrival at S->hi-kc 7-1 CHAPTER V. Mi--!. -nary W. rk Wanting in H.diiri..ii Id< :u ' v l Ih.- l....v,il.-.. ll.|.|,.|..,laini Mr. < tin.inii.i; 1 . < II- i -f I. .'..., An. I. -.--. i, I.;,.,, r.,i,f.iv,-d :.-.!!. ..MI. \rw I.r, i:i.'v(,, t ,r\ \Vi.- Plan l.ilH.nta M.. ;..,:,,. I ,. .;. a:.d l.i-.n.div W..rk I l.ilu.nnTy ..f l> 1 I : .'.! f, I|r .,..,. I ;r .! A.-t in P..i!-.i.d.i II;.- l!'i!!.i:.. Hui,! P.-ill,!..andti.r.-.- I LI.- M.u.,t..,n T.- ! .-!..,.(.- I .,-l.i.- f Ank!. \\-.,,;-- A I"-- I .-r. I'. ,;:,. Huiu'.-r i>.,rk I r. >t. : > M- !> ,n. ( h.iriu- \ S.ddirr l!ii!..ndn !'.i-h- ! JJ.il !il. ; !y I',,!..,,. I, (..-uti.-nin, Mr.id-drr --!- t., MA;.- -A ,\ K :.!,.. .'. CONTENTS. 7 CHAPTER VI. TIIKOUWI LONDA. Reception at Shinte's Town The Introduction Private Intprvicw* Eti- quette of the Balonda Love for Mother* Slavery Theft Magic Lantern Rains Iron-works Flooded Plains A Charming Home Death and Desolate Villages Balonda Ideas of 11 Future State What to Preach to Heathen Troublesome Guide Burial <>f the Dead Marxians Sioux Patagouians Bechuanas Halonda Sunday with Quendende Heautil'ul Country The Lotembwa Katema Reception Provisions Presented Wisdom of Katema (,'attle Birds in Cages Birds and Beasts Birds and Spiders Human Spiders Fevers Again Xot much Impression Hero- ism of Livingstone Lake Pilolo Rivers Run Northward Mambari Trad- ers Influence on Border Tribes Demands of Pay for Passing Through Country Expected to Fight An Ox Given A Man Demanded Sickness of Livingstone Mutiny in his Camp Its Cure Men Repent The Quango at Last Bashange's Tax Cypriano di Abrue's Kindness Portu- guese Possessions Sweet Sleep Angels H>7 CHAPTER VII. Anxiety A Single Englishman Sickness Mr. Gabriel's Kindness Settle- ment of Loanda Portuguese Failure Two Things Unfortunate Mako- lolo at Work The Ship" a Town " Livingstone's Relapse Long Illness What Might have Been Slave Trade Slavery in Africa Grounds of Livingstone's Opposition Negligent Cultivation of the Soil Two Shil- lings ti Month Fetich Worship Portuguese Policy Ivory Trade Fn- paid Labor Mania for Litigation" Big Funerals " The Poison Ordeal Wild Animals Tfie Self-denial Looking Eastward Departure from Loanda Makololo Boastings The "True Ancients" A Remarkable Insect Ambaca Church or Jail Catholic Mistake Pnngo Andongo On the Road Difficulties of Ox-Riding Traders Beeswax and Elephant Tusks Liliputian Monster Descending from "Tola Mungongo " Cas- suuge Drunkenness The Quango Again IL'; CHAPTER VIII. LOXDA OR LINDA. Lessons of Experience Sansawe's Demands His Refusal A Blow on the Beard Revenge Changing the Tune Dandies and Belles Lizards and Snakes Seven Thousand Fowls for Ten Dollars Many Village Mania The Seasons Sister of Matiamoo An O.x or a Man Strategy Trial for Murder Street Fight Dish of White Ants Lovely Red of Flowers God in Nature A Noble Chief Shinte's Again The Leeba Lite Oneo More Buflalo Hunt Libontrf "Welcome Thanksgiving Service A Matrimo- nial Drawback Capsized in the Lecamhye Sckeletu in Full Dress The True Ancients in White Promising Opening Preparation for the Jour- ney Going Eastward Parting Words of Manure The Tribute of Faith- fulness CONTEXTS. CHAPTER IX. TIIK NEW EXPEDITION. 'n Kin TerriMe St>rm Two Hundred Men in Line The Niagara of Afrir*-- Virt.iria Fall Itainhow and Mujirrstitioa The liatoka- A Net- work of Ilivep---The K.\|>liuialion~ 'l'r.i>iiiii>n Tin- Firt White Man !tat<>ka < 'hief* !>atka UcbvU The KaMerti Kitlgv LonjfinR I" 1 "" l ^iet Uat'ika ti'ienMty A Uvrrpliuii Livingstone'* Touru^e Power of the (jil*-l - Ar ! U'hiu- Mi-ii -An Incident Mimionary Inllueurp Ani- maU - Ilu&tio Uird - l:hitn>oiT<>tt Hinl SoMirr Ant>- While AnU An K!-j'h.int Hunt !.; I'li.u.;'- < h.ir.u-:i-r Iniiian auii African C'utupared luwn the l>'!>it- ItiS CHAPTER X. Th.- Kafuf- I."iii:ii.- f..r Pt-.ii-.-- Xt-irrn \Vnr-hi| -Foreign Coull. r;n r ' fr.'iii II. :;l Tin' Native rt-.-uli.iri!: -tn-v ..f It.-f.iriii.-l r.-r-on, < Miitintied rH.-iidlin.-~- |V n-e itii-l Ki-.dii--" I'..rtii^:ji---- l.iit<-r|.ri.- >ilii.ili>.n ! /.uinli.. Al'tin- (ln<-e ..f ti.nu.- W..IP|. rful l.ilH-r.tlity Pain-in.' 1'i-r ( .TII l.ix iiur-t.ine'* h..rn.l A- T'.. iln- / ifiU i >:ind liivi-r < iaine Law * KI<-\ ati d lluu 1! ;. :. i ,S'<-ur,'i--- vi-rl|.iw nf the /..unl" -i A|i|irt-fiation of iiU>. | ss CHAPTER XI < IIH 1 1\ \ i<> TI.TI:. I>i-tri. t --f i hi- -..%.! A.-rii-ulmr.- .j'lir!i| ( ie. .'...'ii -a| I YatlirrH ;i|- r-'iti-m ali-.Mt I.i"ii. Tin- K"r.- A M--M ![*,! II Ij.fnl I'.i.-i* L..V. ri.in. MI ..f (In- l:.,:i>ai S.-le.-iini; i,..-|. M :. :....l 1 l.'iit Ti.r,-:i!.-n.-d Sltdd. -I, P.'r:tl.-,'Il,.-|lt r \ I, mil " \i. >r 1...1 W.ni.rin's Ki.-l.ts Tin- N-. ir. I.i-, I- ..f W..in:ili <. I ll'l-i ..Hi-. |:.id lliir.l.-rs Tlir l:'..:.-.r.. \i. I -.-.,', A ! . iitur- T.-rrild- 1 .1.. -. "iiit. -r Khiii...-.-r..i \:. .,-!'..- ..- < \\. .fd.-d V.-arnu- T.-t,- l.iv iM.--!..in- I -.iiia--iuled J. " M. .'.\ \ l:.!n. -j-.-.-t \ I'r .),..; N..I.1. I'.rtiin- Ur.v.il if \|. .. .-. r. \ /..I llr. -al. l.i.l k. . .(,!;. m Ml T.-l.- The >..iin-e of t;..- /.uu! ; I IIKI. ..M, I i,.- V .line i. f iln- p, .,-..%-. ry .'"" CHAr'TE R XII. i!.!* I ,..!! U . i,:,,/- >l.iv,- Tra.l.'. l^il I'.t- M. !'.! -ii|-. r-hl|..iii .|" '!(< 1 n/h-ll , .1 I < ...I \ it|in-,.fl...l.| I'n I \|,|.. .it.ti,---' v,ilin !),. >..il At.-ri. ull'ir. N. v lr.-l..l II. -t l.i..''.. l.:ii-ii ' 4Uie n| l'utu,,Ml*c 1 iillure CONTENTS. Leave* T-tp -Nynndf 1 * Stockade The Gorgp of Lnpntn Senna The Ijindeens or Zulus Misery of SemM--Surroimding Country The Shire KiliiiiuiR' Livingstone's Object HIM Theory of Minion Work Hit IIo|ie.H for Africa Arrival of tin- " Frolic" Disposition of Ivory Parts with his Followers Sckwehu In the Boats On Hounl the Ship Insanity and Death of Sekwebu Arrival at Mauritius l)t:ar Old England For- bidden Scenes Public Honors Tin: Single Desire 2-'J CHAPTER XIII. AT HOME. Meeting on January , r )th Egyptian Hall Splendid Assembly Speech of Ix>rd Mayor Speech of Hishop of London Speech of Sir Roderick Mur- chison Livingstone's Response Resolutions Subscription Travel* in England Public Enthusiasm Public. Meeting in Manchester Rc*olu- tions Pul)lic Meeting at Leeds Addresses and Resolutions Generous Rivalry of Cities an". Dr. Philpott, Master of St. Catharine'* Col- lege, Vice-Chancellor, in the chair. The building was crowded to excels with all ranks of the University and their friend*. The reception wa> -o enthusiastic that literally there were volley after volley of cheer*' LM3 CHAPTER XV. ACJAIN' IN ATKICA. Results of Efforts at Universities Universities Mi-sion Livingstone Ap- pointed British Consul Interview with the Queen Reasons for Accept- ing the Governmental Appointment Love tor hi* Mother Cart' of her Government Appropriation The Farewell Banquet Distinguished A- sembly Speeches Sir Roderick Murchison Livingstone's Add re. Arranurcmcnts Completed Members of the Expedition The >tcam Launch '! he "Pearl" The Departure from England Livingstone's Responsibility What the Government Expected Letters by the Way Arrival at the Mouth of the Zambesi JO CONTENTS. CHAPTER XVI. AKKIVAI. AT TKTK. anJ the- Ziunbtti Posterity's ApplauM The Explanation of the Th- K'i,'oiie Tin- Bur The Country Tiiniilitr >l" Natives- Tin- IVrtility f Soil Tl:<- Native' Curiosity Tlu-ir < 'ii|>iility Tin- Chan- tirl Thr Ivparturt- nf thr " iVsrl " The Kirt Work -Mu/Jtrn Kxcite- nirtt - Livmij-.t. >!!' ('ourajfr Mariano'* Cruelly TlivZului -ThrirTax Th-ir ( 'linrai-ti-r, H']>itality.-U-. -/ulu l-aMV.-r Sluipaiu'.i Thfliruve t'wti-r thr Ha"ta>> Hi'-|'ti"ti at St-ima Svnhor Ferraro Arrival at Teta " We will Slct-p Tu-UHjul." ............................................................... .- CHAPTER XVII. TIIK KKHl'.AllA.^A KAI'IDS. Thr jMurnpy t'> th*> KehrmlitiMi KetirnlxLsa ItntiL;- (ii-tu-ral A|i|x'ar:unx> Itrea'llh -I'rf^uri- f Watt-r -- I'i>rtu^u-x' l^nnrum i- iJ.iiiy.u lni|~i:iiMii> " I>rt-*'lful Koti^ii " Ni^'ht Cani|i Sr.-ti.--. A C:ini|i >lry I'in- M-TII- ini; t 'liinl'iii^ Still -Slct-ji of Kili:uili Makoltilo Pclriist Mount Mruti>i>w.i -A lVr|H-tti.il ll.irrivr Kcturn t-> Tctu >VIMJI^ HI Trlf Su|KTt:ti"M Tin- T<'a-hiin of Nsitun- H-ilim-Ks ( 'hri-ini.ix in . \frira Tin- ('limax <>f Al'unlitir Tin- Kniny SI-;UMUI The I'urtuijui'w KIVOUPW* A ,S:riou Matter The H 1|. f.r 1'i-vcr- Tin- Shin-. ............................ >( CHAPTER XVIII. Tin: SMIKI:. M"uth (.f (h<- Shiro I)iffioultii-s Vaiiih" Kiu;lihiMfln "Shire Valli-y Afri-MH Swani|> I.ivitu" < t"in-'H Art Mount Mornnil'iil.i Moiintain \ il- lii^'-- (hik.ui'li '!". Python, I'lir-u.-.l l.y :i IIull.il.. 'I'll.- iiikui' Shiji No N'oti- of Tiiin- "I'll'- MIU-I. i;in lli|i|Hi].-.t.iinMs I ra;iH - si.iri- M,irti-i \S.it. r (".! Kit.-t nni ..! I'iilm Tprs - !.|;t:..l -.f ([,,- Slur- An I'lihappy Oil. I" Villn^,- .,| ( 'tnl.i-a ( lul.i-a - - l.;ik.* >liirw : Syinji.ithy of I'-niN I hsrovi-rv of l.akr Shirwa Ill-turn t-. it..- >hi|. r.\|"--l;ti..!i t,, |.:ikc Nvii-Mi -Maiiu'nnjii Hill- \ ill.i-.' of ( ii...uit>.i Tiit- M.ui/.uij.i 1'. -o|iU- Agriculture <'otton Maiiutacturi-H Ir.'n'ir.- Nutivr Tra-l<- Tin- I'p|nT I.iji Hint; Ik-or I>rink iin; I'nuiki-ii Villa^'r* The Muavt- A^ain Faith Xra**a I)coviTtl Ill-turn to Ti-te.. >i CHAPTER XIX. i>,rr.l for ' >Mi."iti"ti Huy 1'rcj.aration" Market I'rir.-. nf T"lr- SinuiJ- ; ir MI iiirr, ".-JalTnrn ] ,\ .-n iiu' ' i:itln-rini."t l' uliar " 'I i-.i I'.trt.. ^ " M \K .1 .!, '(.;.., (.,,,,, f L.-avin/ 1- !' Tli.-ir <,.iin-. anil l.os., , I h- i'.;!!.! .(..urn. , |:. .- n, I.H^.II.': <,!;.I.'n T) 1( . Missi,. n .i"ii " Tluir Mi-.forl'im- \\ nr 1'r.-. .!.:.. '\\,< "t:\\-< Ir i ! l,:iV.- NT^'.MI Thr I.nkc Tritx'^ Sliii|THifH !' ,-:, <.{ Mr. J.: vi :.".!, nr . .1; i CONTENTS. 1 1 CHAPTER XX. THE BEGINNING OF THE END. Zambesi Expedition Unsatisfactory Zanzibar Trade from Zanzibar The Outfit Kovunia Bay Kinduny The Makonde Remarkable V citation Cutting' Right Valiantly Rage for Doctor-ship Mohammedan Influence Lying Guides Along the Hovunia Troubles with Followers (jum- C'optil Tree Extravagant Tattooing Top of the Fashion At Nyomano The Slave-Trade The Ma^oa A Woman Rescued Horrors of the Trade in Slaves Currency for Africa Extracts from Journal A Deserted Village A Model Town of Africa 345 CHAPTER XXI. APPROACHING NYAS8A. A Guest of Matnka The Waiyau Livingstone and the Arabs The Town of Moeuihe Iron Smelting Causes of Desolation Waiyau Described Livingstone's Desires Slave-Trade : Does it Pay ? Sepov sent back Mountains Springs Iron Approaching Nyassa Livingstone's Review of his Route The Watershed Geological Formations Kindness of the People The Single Curse An Example of Christians Inconvenience of being English Arabs as Settlers A Doubtful Question Settled Pota Mimba Around the Foot of the Lake No Earthquake Known Sites of Old Villages Brooks The First European Seen "God Took Him" Wikatani Finds Relatives Salt-Making Eighty-five Slaves in a Pen Work Honorable 372 CHAPTER XXII. ABOUT NYASSA. Geological Notes The Marenga Livingstone Preaching Pmall-Pox In- veterate Thieve-: Kirk's Range Love Token Black-haired Sheep Earthquakes A Toper Chief A Royal Escort Whoopimr-Cough The Hottest Month Methods of Fertilization No Animals Hows and Ar- rows Lip-Rinir A Prophetic Cow Iron Works Village of Smiths Alarm of Mazitu Native Furnaces Livingstone's Patience A Disagree- able Head Man Level Country Portuguese Travellers A Herd of I'.nf- faloes Industry Wild Figs A Formidable Stockade Trying News A Steady Faith 391 CHAPTER XXIII. A MONTH OF WANT. Days of Anxiety Manganja Blood Manganja and Waiyau Artisans N> live Agriculture Beautiful Scenery Iron Trade An Elephant Hunter Difficulties Carriers Livingstone's Love for Nature Memories No Food A Splendid Valley of Lilies Stockades Sunday at /eon- Rain- Making The Slave Idea in East Africa Hedges of Bamboo- Bark Cl.'th Huts for the Spirits of the Dead Contrast."; in Character Forests and Rains Beautiful Animals The Zebra very Beautiful The Loanirwa Bad for Worse The Babisa A Miserable Set Sorrows Multiplied A 12 CXJNTE.VT8. M'ipan.:- Frt*t Nyarniaii T ratling with n Woman I**** of h.iiit Hunting fitcvr-J //:.'! \y -Pvwlalf IjUiil -No Iln-.i.l Hunger I.M-.IJK- fnuu a hn Tti.- !..- of the Pog Mu^r.*.m All thr .Ur,/,,,,,< /....* -The W.-r-t "!" All l.ivin^'tiim-'-* (triiilciic.-ut --" U-ttl Hiliiii; Hunger' -Hi-ail* M t urrrijcy --The l'huiul>ev at l-a*t .- 4 ri> CHAPTER XXIV. KP.DM I.AKi: T<> 1.AKI1 (*hit.i|..\r,/ t' St-H-kailf An oflVrin^' Itequirvd Auilirarr with tli- ( lu.-f r-'.i"!.x t Intrixltirtion hitajiun^ii n ! :i-> > rj-r. r. r Ar.i> Trali-n I^-ttern S-nt Hmix- t^uiis liit.i|..uu'.i '< 1 In- ( h.- 1 ' * 1'nrdin; < httljApiK-arinuM- of Country Troul>li-M>uu- < u-ioins >!i'jK. :-'ii ni" tin- ( lu.-f A r'.uuiliiir 'I ru'k li^i-ru< ~> ii.r 1 r.iir - M... uni. A .1! II ..mi- < "hirf an. I .Jiii-i- Tin- M.M-uil.a The II .|... Ii,,ws aii-1 ATP-* -///)/* -KaoiiM' K ptimi A .iultil Tin- H.ihnu'u S, v-n- Him Arul- - rinti!iil..i - \ill.i-r A I.-MI- I) t -lay N-.inia I ii- Itaulim^n liu'n-lrii . < 'i].;..;i < li inn- Pull I.it'v Slavr-Tr.i-l.- l.ittli- Iliiu-i. A I..ir.-.- Sj'i'l- r -Ar ll.ir.i Krrrjitiuli at N*aiim' A Itri'lr in Stylr " I'iix- Ti|x. " " K'im!i.i Kuuiti.i" It-nr-i pc-i-rli-'ii Sl.ivi-ry (^iir-tinii Piili-n-ut \r. ili-,.. u th<- Mnn-li Aral. Tr.nl.-r- A r:inta-tic I'arl.v - I'oli my i.f >!,. -- iu Africa- -P.-lay-.- Ijikt- M.^-m at IJIM 4M CHAPTER XXV. A MMNMI \viiii CA-I:MJ;J:. M -r . I', r. ! f.,r <;,.,,). Kai. ,--! Al.iin.lan.-.- ,,f H-h Ir. I.a.-,-r.!a In- M.il .ii'l.i linr.-r < .i-.-n.l.. "- Vill.i-.- ( tr.i. i-ai-ly K- ,\ i-l \|..- N..I.-S |>. .in .(..inn.il /..in. Kin.-'- i'.'.l " I a -i nil"-." li - ' II.II.I.-I.T I >i-t<. m> I. .in. I ( l.uin- H.iM'i ^h ikin,- I..II.T i ' lir-ft'lui p....-ri|>t;vi- ][ -uiti. Sirkii'--. I.. a\.-- < us, niKr - N|..i: l!ll..| l,i:i S.ll.-h hi- ( .,!|||,.l!li..!l Hlll,,-.T Hilled .11 CHAPTER XXVI. .. In.lifT.-r.-i..-.- i harms ,,f M.,, r .. I.ak,- Son.rv- < .,\..t.,uiii. ^H -'I I,. < >,,U I ..... ,, | . irll ,.| K.il- M if. i. I . .! .1 1.,-iiu- with \t.,i. l.nin-. t.. in-'. In- \ i'. . i 11 ili i.. -..- i>. : ,-. ^ .u, k.. - .. i \ii..;i "'>'l I ' : 1 1 :. '. 1 ;;: - I ;. u. . !..IH ' I L.ir.ly . , ./ CONTENTS. 13 K i nd ness Mohamad Bogharib Hurting for Lake Bemba Discovery of the (ircat Lake Description of it Luke Surrounding Wanyamwp/.i Northward Again Commotion* Wur Delay* Keach Kubwabwnti Abominations of Slave-Trade Battle Evil* in Camp Wanyamwezi Women During a Buttlt Wearinea ChruUua, January 31st, lbo'8 476 CHAPTER XXVII. UJIJI. Severe Illness Thoughts and Memories Some Good in All Mohamad Bog- harib's Kindness Dr. Livingstone too 111 to Walk Sufferings in b-insr Carried Arrival at I'jiji Hardships Endured Disap|>ointnient< ioods Stolen I'jiji Products of the District Market-Place Wajiji's Saluta- tions 1 It-ad Ornamentation Formal Introductions Tattooing A Rcpr.-- sentative Wajiji Ornaments Superstition Superstitious Custom* !>- fusal to Carry Letters A Den of Thieves Thani bin Sucllim Manyuema Country Religiously Villanous? Hambarre Expert Hunters The Cireat Chief The Covenant of Peace How Arabs keep Covenants Mockery of Superstition " Liliputian Monsters" A Pygmean Battle Amazed at (inns Au Elephant Hunt Unsatisfactory -P3 CHAPTER XXVIII. MANYUEMA. ilnnyucma Country The Paramount Chief Independent Villages Living- stone's Object Leaves Hambarre Westward Splendid Scenery Vil- lages Architecture of Manyuema Character of the People Hidden Villages Curiosity of Villagers Evil Intluenee of Traders Prejudices Aroused Return to Bambarre I 'jiji Hood- -J-'ir/' llumlrrd dun.-' Liv- ingstone's Companion Sets out from Bambarre Second Time Appearance of Country Huts in Trees Elephant Traps Bloody Feuds Omnipresent Love Newly Married Couple Dreadful Swamps Timely Hospitality Promise of Letter Hindered Again Slave-Traders' Barbarities Dreadful Murders Katoma's Camp Deserted l>y Followers Three only Faithful Singing Frog A Nursing Fish Musicians Livingstone's Resolution Chumft, Susi and Gardner A Man Killed Meets Mohamad Boirharib A New Affliction Disappointment Return to Bambarre Long Sickness Manyuema Dreadful Cannibals Bloodthirsty Deliirht in Murder Thf Sakn Soko Hunt Soko and Leopard Soko and Lion "Soko is a Man'' Impatience Despondency Hope Revived Men and Letter Ar- rive from Zanzibar New Difficulties Trouble with New Men Another Start Conscience Clear His Plan His Longing A Young Soko On New Ground Charming Scenery Villaire Happiness Trials The Lualaba at Last 508 CHAPTER XXIX. FOUR MONTHS AT NYAN(i\VE. The Lualaba Abed and Hassani The Temper of the Traders Livingstone's Situation The Difficulty Writing Materials Nyantrwe Market- Wo men Old and Young The Market Scenes Eagerness tor Barter Indepen- dence of Women Ten Human Skulls Cannibalism DilEeuhv ui L'et- 14 CX)XTEXTS. tin* a C*noe Ironr Th Haku** A ('harartTitic Manoeuvre Baku as* Opinion of f tun* AruhV Mm of Huiiu-v A Fiendish Plot Du>;utiih X<> Aiuuiit? Won.lerful t'u Much to Iti-ar ~li-%olvrl to Kcturn Iiu|>ortuuitl l>y the Natives lKtcnnim-l Prvi.let}t-f in the Disap|>iiitiii :it Providence in nil Thinifs Preriou Ititfn-*tt A I>i"j>au-h -Jtuucs (innl"t Ht-niu-tt, Jr.- Henry M. SuuU-y CHAPTER XXX. Till: liF.MVKKANTK. Mr. Stanlry at Ziinzilmr St-Nvtiuir F<>llowi-n- African Currvnor Cnrifwitjr l'wati'ti<-'l "S|i'ki-'i F'uithl'uli " Umjanioyi* The Mriinn The I'Vun- tt'T of lUrl'iiriMii Tin- l(ul K.-<-.'p!i.iii at I!:i^aiii"V-> The .le-tiit Miwiion Mr. StJinlev'ti IIniiM> lir.-nt !'r<-|irnii"ti Mr. Stanley ami others The Route Selei-te'> CHAPTER XXXI. I'NYANYKMIiE. Tr.vliiioii* of I 'nynnixre/i Th A j|M-:iranee of the ( 'oiinlry- The Soil " F.ury M'liitit^" \ ill.i^i Tlie Wiiiiyuinwczi Sons of Hum I.4.\ers of M 'i.i.- \I:n.|.n F..II.IIP-S. f..r Display- Te:i-l't\rties Mtitroiily - li'-'Mn Maviiline Vanity Home Lite in I'nyaniwe/i The H.IV. 1!,.- l-'iirniture Diniiu' II. ill " Sweet I'.arth " l'..piilnr I'n-ju- ili. .-1 F--I "t \\.un :iuiwr/i l.imilv AfTeclioii Woman'* Mights I.ove :Mrl l.i- U" . in-. ,iin\f/i. their I'riiiniiieiiee < irrnt Travellers The " ( 'ar- r--r " ..( F!.iit A t"ri--:i \ :ir% iii^' ( harm-ter I 'nytinycinl>c ( i ntral 1'rovineo A r.'> " -ttli-iii-Tit Mr >t:Mi!i'v'i Keeejitinii Sii\(l hiii Siilim Stanley's II .'i-e M'linlie.-i.t ll'.H|.i!.ility Vi-itors fr-.ni T.,l>,,r;i 'l'.il>r.i Villnire A'I'. I.murv I'r.. iiiin. -tit Ar.il.s of Tal...ra Mr Stanley \'iMts Tal>rn "I li>- i .tui' il ,,f \\'ar \lirainlxi An I'nhappy Alhanee Siekness- I iiM.ite ..! 1 ny.uiyeirii>- I'll.- P..i!tle Array Di-.i>t. r nnl lletn-at <.la>l t-.'/'iit T.il.N > Turn- -I Th- " 1'lvini; 'arrivaii " A \\ ' |'iM-' l."\ -T < n r,. M ir"h \cini M:ui,',iri lir.in.l \'.< . -pt i. .11 ..'" ( li i. N A.I"llyTlllie 'I:.-- \ nun ..n:.i I'.-.ttl-- I n...rk.-l \n I iu|.res|,,:i \la-le Spleii-liil ( i.ime I'.. l . Dr. - II in:.:,.- 'I r..uM. -in < 'amp AUev.lt A Dns'llu! I'iol -Tr. .!!.!... \lr.ri .',* CHAPTLR xxxn. iiii MI:I.II\'.. 4ppr.v-h.ri.- I , h 'i-h.r It,' "pint ..f th. M,,,, " \ (,,,,H| Ife^rt" - A !. |'.i. v f i l,r,.'i.u, K.irli,.-- \l>i.-u f-r I'hriM I Ui.;i. ^ ..f M. r, A I -. -i |r, .! M .- ,1 ... -t. M it, II, . \n.l.ii>i-ii.|.- \ Th;r.| Deliver an- \ i,. -I "::,.,, N, V,: ,...i.,,-. The |.e..p:, r .| We.iry nn-l l:-lif CONTENTS. j.-j ferent Painful Reflections" Little Better than a Skeleton "Dreadful Di-.i|i|"imiim-ni The Good Samaritan Mr. Stanley'* Caravan " That 23d Day uf October " Gb*vrver Indifference ot' Livingstone to Danger A Charmed Lift Better judges A Midnight Encounter The Old Disease The Shores of Tanganyika Cotton Culti- vatedHunting a Business Ominous Silence Lake Liemba The Slave Trade Zoinbe Beneficent Disappointments Donkeys and the Tsetsi The Kalongosi Nsama and Casembe Flood and Flowers Beautiful Emblems A Flooded Country Great Hardships Fording Rivers Livingstone Carried by his Men Island Villages The Last Birthday Resolution Sufferings and Longings Six Feet Rain-Fall! Fishe Sinking Rapidly Utterly Exhausted Kindness of Muanazuwumba 'flu- Last Written Words Carried on a Kitanda The Last Mile The Last Words Death ,-J7 CHAPTER XXXV. BURIAL AT WESTMINSTER ABBEY. The Acknowledgment Anxieties of the Men The Council Ohuma and S-usi Chitambo's Kindness Native Honors to the Dead Hut where the Body was Prepared The Materials for Preparing the Body A Special OONTKNTS. M->um?r The F.mbalmnvnt Thr Invripiiun--- Pn-parnti-m f.-r rVpartinft I*rmjo of t'hiumb" Kouir of litr S<-v. rr Trial- Tin- l.uii|>ula Crowing An Old Servant An Arri>l-ui -N.iti<- Surj.-ry \u I'ufurtu- t:c Affair "--The Fight - The K-%u!u - Tin- l,\<-n-<- < ".;.:. ..;> t . t'latpi -- Th K.i! !!.: -i In the >lfl J'atli Tli- l.a'-v \.-vv >.....- Kuxier K.-iitr t t'nyanrrinhe The NVw* II---ivr! lti-M>liiii<>ii ! iii-- Men Jutiliahlr I.-o-|.ti..n A I>n-allul Su:ik>- - Arrsv.il al I 1 ... . The Pri-.-iou* Fn-ii:lit Tin? Kilwa lt-<--|'tii<-niir.i;,'t Illrnt.'. - !l-<-i'Ilt SUCI-'M-S nf Kxplrrp( Hi'Vivill i.f l!ili-n-t - < 'uii!ir!vi.il IMI jM.rt:>nii' - Familiar Trw of Ni A IT i. :i Tr. -|i- ic.il Africa < ifinT.il A j>fH-:ir:ii't* Simli African FoFvul* l.'iinUT \.x- j-.rt Ilxri-llfri'-.- of S..il ( ..tt..n. ( '..lli-c. !<.- Mint-nil !:-s..in-<-i - iani..ii.| Fi.-M< Tli.- Ivory Tr.i-lf -< nnm rn- ..f \V.-(t..:i-t Th,- Sl.iv,- Tri.l,- M :l k.i\ \V,,fk Slav.- Tr.i.l. t- ( ' -..-ilii-.l - >!:iv.-. r!a..ifi.-l >..uri. ..fill.- Tr.i.l.- t !:i-M!i.-,l Total Aiinua! Tratlic in ^l.ivr Tli'-orif. f-r Siip|.n-.i.-n Tin- Tfiilav.-ry ha li.i.l it- M i-..im - Tin- Nations Ai::tint It 1'n.vi ! :,.-.- in ll,- l:.-v..l.iti.. n Tli.- Nil.- I'.ak.-r- S|.,-k,- l.ix in-toiie \1.^: :. Tli- h'..rtu.-r >u>-, ,--..,.( i. -ncr.il Inilii.-iK-f -Tlie l'ri-.|Kvt CHARIER XXXVII. !\ '-rk:!!.' "ill I.i \ in /"t !!' ll. !.- ll.-lnrn <>I I.init. ii.in! I 'aiiirn>n, I: \. t-. I i,,-!.iii-i i.ri. I ''..,:.-i. .-.-.. n I, -.in A.-i-.-iii.t ..( i.i- l\|...li- . Mn.'i \|.-(. I.i\Hl-tf-t-tli-'- I'. -!> -11 If -:.! .1 .-urn. -\ I I .,. ,. w ; r ,l ,t- .1! !ii. .-%. rv 1. 1. 1' I.- !) |.i> -iti- ij. tut .mi. r- ii < iitti. l (.. |..ik<- I'M 1 1. -a n- 1,^.1 V"..!, K. I !,\ M-.-Ii:.- lr!.'~^ \.iTt..* I.-,:I|M I',-, -,.n.| >\,ti-lll : \\ t'-r 1 ..i.iiuiliii. .ili'.ii < >|~ -:. ii.- M|, t)n I ..ntilH lit It'M I. .i^l I., \\.--t \V. . Irrful M n. r.: \\.. t !tl> .. >!..( lr..n Vl.iii..l.int luiui. l'.\,-l- l-Ut' i.: ! \!n. A (ii<- ".i!\ II- j- t .r -i.|.|.r. --MU' .-l.n Ii.i'l.- GlH CHAPTER XXXVill. fc li: -\M' I I l:\KI i: '" I X ri.lMTIi iN. |-|.rr' . - ( -;.H.T;. -(-ij-. irl- 'i- < il.-'.i. - ..\.-ri-- iin- Msrn|H- fruin I'ni- - I . ! '! !. I': ...\.Tlr, of \| I, si 70; CHAr-TrR XXXIX. Ill M:^ \I- -!:l \ MI .- I A M.I V. II.. U..rk!ak.-n ll|. I.V Sljinl.-v M.ft- . ' i. I i.. ^:.irt ..ii an I' \ (> -iitioii t"^. thrr \S -.i k Th.- Ilir. L;I. .it MN -I. n.-s..!' ...| l.v >ir S.tinu. I ll.iK.r II,.- i l-\ *l.n,!.-\ I'll.- ti-.. I . tt. r> !, r. ( -! I'.innliiiH-ni . !. rm.n.'.l t,. |,r. --.-.-. I (ill Mi,|.-n t ar INTRODUCTION. Early Civilization in Northern Africa The Limit of the Ancient Civilization- Theatre of Mythology Saracen Conquest Settlement of Soudan Mohamme- dan Failure The Fifteenth Century (iilianez Passed (.'ape Uojador Portu- guese Kfibrts on the West Coast Roman Catholicism The Failure F.nghvii'i and France Richard Johson Mungo Park Denham an of the Medi- terranean were conspicuous in ancient civilization, the j tower and gl"ry did not {tenet rate the continent ; there wa* only a nar- row -trip of liirht fringing the sea and the river, back of it there wa- tin- m\ -t.-rion- and the unknown. The traveller who ventured into that background found him- self amoiiu' wild and wandering tril>es, who exhibited human nature under it* rudest and most repulsive forms. I f he journeyed far, there confronted him "a barrier vast and appalling endless {lain- of moving -and, wa-te and wild, without a .-limb, a blade of irra--, a -iirjle cheering or life-sustaining object.'' Victorious armif- turned !>a-k from the borders of the desert a- the limit of tli- po-. :!,].. and th- intervening tract of alternate rock and vall'-v and plain fnrni-hed tnanv of tlu>-e tabnlon- sJories which have e,,nie < 1 " \v ii to ti- in ela !< niea-ure and Iteconic :i grand theatre i it a:ieii-nt mvtliolnirv. Thither, a--ording to I)indnrus, the "ancient- relcm-d the earlv r- i_'!i ot' Saturn under the appellation ot' < )iir.!!i'i- or Heaven; the b-rth of .Inpiter and hi- mir-isu: bv Amalfhrca; - nee nf Titan- and their wars with the i:*U ; ( Vlielo. :_- l,,\-e for Atv- an-1 frantic ^r\>-\ for hi- fate." An-1 tin re \\ ' !' plaeed the lii.le..ii- ( Jorirou-. and the serjtentS hi--in;_' 1:1 t!ie hair of Melu-a. And thence came the -torie- of th"-e dreailt'ul AiM.a/on-, "gallant viraL'" 1 ^," who ravain 1 *! all the ], ^i..n and carried victorious arm-, ac<-oniing to the historian, into >. ria a;id A-ia Minor. P.II' tninj!'(| with -o much fable the ancient writer- had al-o o!nejn-f coneeption- of thi- region, and manv thin-j- mentioned I-'.' I b !' " 1"' M-, [)ioilnru-, and partic-ularlv bv Strabo. \\}\<\ \\rote n!t-rt!ie ll'iinan -wav wa- lullv e-talli-hed over Africa indicate that Create-! (-ire wa- u-e.l in trea-uring the ^-nip- of ki o\v!e<|ge \v!i;c!i (j.tf.'l up out of tl.e deeper wildernc-f bevond. Vet that i-."pt it- -ecret- -o jealon-lv that the dili'.eni'e .,f lu-'onan- aii'l tin i-a^erne-- of explorers and the { >'MT ( anuiin wi-re i ipiallv inefVeefnal in extending the ran^e of pree:,, knowl- irj % !,. -\-ond the nurrow confine-, on the north and a limited SARACEN CONQUEST. j) extent of western coast. The light struggled to penetrate the gloom, its blunted rays rested against an opacity, and rose ir towering brilliancy, and stood a while. flashing like a resisted sun, then paled and quivered and fell, and left the continent a heritage of darkness to the future. When the Saracen sway swept across from Asia, in whose social system such marvellous changes had been wrought, and established itself among the splendid relics and smoldering fires so readily surrendered by the effeminate descendants of the Greeks and Romans, an auspicious day seemed to be dawning on the continent, the arts and sciences were revived on that con- secrated soil. " Kven remote Mauritania, which seemed doomed to be forever the inheritance of a barbarous and nomadic race, was converted into a civilized empire, and its capital, Fex, be- came a distinguished school of learning." They introduced the camel from the sandy wastes of Arabia. Paths were opened through wilds which had hitherto defied all human effort, and a O trade in gold and slaves was formed with countries which had been unknown. By successive migrations these descendants of the prophet multiplied in Africa. Sanguinary disputes arose, and the ill-fortuned sought refuge on t!:e southern side of that scorching sea of sand which had arr'^ed the ambition of Cambvses and Alexander. There, in the .erritorv distinguished on our maps as Soudan, these enterprising travellers founded several flourishing kingdoms, which Europeans vainly sought to reach until within a comparatively recent date. They founded Ghana, boasting unrivalled splendor, whose roval master rode out attended bv obedient elephants and camelopards a king- dom which, after various fortunes as subject to Timbuctoo, Kashna, and Sa"katoo, came to be identified in the present Kano. And there was Tocrur, the Takror of Major Penman, the Sacka- too of our maps in that early day enjoying an extensive traffic with the people of the west, who brought shells and brass to bar- ter for foreign trinkets. Then came Kuku, the Bornou of to- day. Farther south was the ancient city of Kangha, famous tor its industries and arts, which modern historians have recognized in the city of Loggun, celebrated, by Major Denham, for its ingenuities, its manufactures, and its witty women. Along the southern borders of Soudan there were districts 20 MOHAMMEDAN FA I LI' RE. known as Wangara ami Un^am, mentioned confusedly by the early writers, whence the merchants are reputed t have derivni va>t rpiantities ot'nold. The progress rested against tlie Alpine ratiiro on the south, which divides Studan from (iuinea, and the dwellers in those, wild regions were hmnded as infidels, and the darkness which rej>ollet by the Arabians. ( ):i the ea-t the region- of Nubia and Abyssinia, which Grecian enterprise, had reached with ships, had received the name of Christ, and hostile e n-ed- can no inure touch than li^ht and darkness ; and there Ma- an unknown wilderness on the wot, there were despised infidi-U ii tin- south, and a hateil creel in Nubia and Abyssinia Mohammedan altars in the mid>t. The splendors >f thi-< foreign jin-'-nct' etintnttejn>ts uuiju- -tiniiiiblv ; .-.i p-nal lin-s arc bright, but i-arth is darker for iln'ir -jiare. l-'it!'ii! tli>rt- were ma'lc to explore tin- wt--f tVoin the inland c ; t i. -. S It It -ini !) t- were ejli \ it- invader-, and In-came intniHT be,-an~e it \\ i- a lirtle mure intelligent. The 11 !'e which j~ i,. ,t noiiri-ln n it -lioiiM ha\'e t--d. The eivili/ation uhi'h doe, nut a.-- imitate the Mirroundint; barbari-m mn^t ii-ill' (!_'. :, rate into it- -t iniMlaut. The -nn ii--!|' \\..u!d be luit h ill' \ -ui i amid the whirling realm- it it ibd nut c!nt ln> them all \\ ith it- ii-.\'n lirl_'htne-- and make them helper-*. L r i\:n'j a- they t"e- n-ive. A _'._ r r- --ion \~ the lau of e\i-ti -ii--< . 'I he in. ;li ;. nev .t' Moh Hiimedaii e;\-;li/at ion in A !'i ;.-;i \\.t- the pfop!n , \ i,;' its ij,.;i !.'!'. Tin proph'-ev a- onlv too tnn. '1 he ./lurvde- jiart'-l. and that \\hieh protni-ed to elevate Aln-a 1 i-ame its THE FIFTEENTH CENTURY. 21 toouhus: that which promised healing became a poison inflaming nml agonizing wherever it touched. The continent was involved in deeper darkness a festering barbarism which gave oil' to the world a tribute that cursed the giver and the receiver. While the Crescent was resting with daz/ling splendor over Africa, Europe was in that profound apathy which attended the '' decline of the Roman empire, the irruption of the barbarous nations, and the rude systems of feudal polity which were inau- gurated. There was absolute indifference to all matters pertain- ing (o science, discovery and distant commerce." Kven the naval efforts of Venice and Genoa extcnd'-d little farther than Alexandria and the Black Sea. Satisfied by the wealth and power to which they had been raised by this limited commerce, these celebrated commonwealths made no attempt to open a moru extended path over the ex-can. "About the end of the fifteenth century, the human mind began to make a grand movement in every direction, especially in religion, science, industry, and freedom. It eagerlv sought not only to break loose from that thraldom in which it had bjen bound for so many ages, but to rival and even surpass all that had been achieved during the most brilliant eras of an- tiquity. These high aims we peculiarly directed to the de- partment of maritime discovery. The invention of the compass, the skill of the Venetian and Genoese pilots, and the knowledge transmitted from former times, inspired all classes with the hope of being able to pass the ancient barriers and to throw light upon regions hitherto unknown." Portugal, whose kings were preeminent in intelligence and enterprise, was the first to nbev this new inspiration. Various circumstances conspired to fix the eye of Portugal on the western border of Africa as the choice field for research. The ancient expeditions had furnished vcrv limited and indefinite information of this coast, and' even the wonderful discoveries of Columbus in later vears hardlv excited greater surprise and admiration than the voyages which so rapidlv scattered the mists which had hung through all the past about the shores of Sahara, Senegambia, Guinea, and Lower Guinea. In 1433 Gilianez passed the Cupe Bojador, and Portuguese naviirators were not long in reaching the fertile regions watered 22 PORTUGAL'S EFFOHT. by the Senegal ami the Gambia; within forty years Portugal hat! made settlements :is far tl\vn as the Congo, and according to the ancient maxim which gives to the victors all countries eoncjuered from intidel nations, had received from the I*ojx> a grant of full dominion in all lands which should l>e discovered beyond ( 'aj>e liojador and in their farther progress eastward. The capital of iWui^uoe possessions, on the continent wa- fixetal>lishini; their sway. Baptisms were made by wholesale, which was the easier done IK-CUUS*' the ceremony includetl the putting of salt on tin tongue of the converts, and this was a commodity for a tjis\p of which many of* the ]>oor creatures wouli] have faced anv -oU of formula. The Con^o princes were particularly favorable for a time to the m w M -tern ; various coiirte>ie- were exchanged, whole nation^ wen- ( 'hristianixcd by contract, the freest >co| i was trivcn to the missionaries, and thoe worthio seemixl to have been really animated bv a vcrv devotctl and jwrseverilij; xe:il. Hut thev unfortunately put the presentation of Ix-ads, Airni I>-i, images of the Madonna, and saints, splendid pro- ci---!..!)-., ri<-li furniture, ami ^olcrmi festival.^ of the ehuri-h In- fore the doetri'ie> of the Bible. They >ou-lit to da//lc the eve Hither than iii~trti'-t the mind, to M-eiire an outward alle^ianee rather than an inward renewal. 'I he new convert.* viewed the fMHjM-l onlv a a Lrav and pom|Miu> p:i'j"_'an to interlrre with .-me of tln>~r barbarous en-torn-, N\!III fi were with them time-honored and f-acnil, though c>n- d'-innef] by the ehurch. The injiii-ition \\a- brought lo aid in the pronioti-.n of tint pricticrd pictv \\hich otiL'ht to h:ive In -en i.ii'_'ht ]>\ the failliful |>r-entat ion of truth and the eonvi MHMI of -onl-; \\:!|-, ai'o-<-, coinplieations multiplied. The IIH--IOII- iirie^ toi'i-il aii'l endiireil \\ith a hcroi-m worthy of truer princi- i.l.-, I. ut thev fiiil.-d. And the bank- <-f the ( t.n^o, e~|M-rialIv, \vb'-re tin ir -..Teatevt exertion \\a> jiiit forth, retain no Iran- or tradition of them. ENGLAND AND FRANCE. " Portugal passed under the yoke of Philip II. of Spain, ai.d under that influence l)ccnine involved in war with the Dutch, who had risen to the first rank as a naval jx-ople, and who-e splendid armaments successively stripped them of their uio.-t important possessions on the African continent as well as in the East Indies." In lO.'J'J, Klmina, their capital, the key to the gold coast, fell into the hands of these successful rival.-. But the splendid results which had followed so rapidly the revival of interest in maritime matters had attracted uni- versal attention to the ocean, and that vast trackle.-s realm l>ecame the theatre where unrivalled wealth and glory seemed to await the seeking. The gallant Hollanders soon found their proud mastership of the seas disputed by powerful rivals. England and France had come to the front in European affairs, and were already pressing forward in a jealous race to surpa.-s each other and all the past. For a while their settlements on the African coast were made with a view only to obtaining slaves for their new possessions in the West Indies. Soon there came wonderful reports of the gold-trade carried on at Timbuctoo. There was no hope of establishing a highway across the desert from the north, and a company was formed in England tor the purpose of exploring the Gambia, bv which thr geographical systems of the age warranted them in hoping to reach the glittering treasures. Richard Thompson, the first representative of this companv, after desperate engagements with the Portuguese, who still boasted their lordship over the region, fell bv the hands of his own men. But a better star guided his successor, Richard Jobson, who, while falling far short of reaching the far-famed Timbuctoo, won, perhaps, the glory of being the first Englishman who had an opportunity to observe the manner- and superstitions peculiar to native Africa. As he advanced, a new world seemed to dawn on him. All about him land and water were inhabited bv multitudes of savage animals. The enormous sea-horses sported in everv pool, herds of enormous elephants crowded to the shore, lions and leopards moved about among the trees in full view, and even-where there were mvriads of monkeys going through their eccentric evolutions. Armies of baboons marched along oecasionallv, and displayed their surlv tempers by horrid grimaces and angry gesticulations, as they 24 JOBSOX AND MUXGO PARK. watched the progress of the intruders. The ap|>earance ana customs of the human dwellers in the region were in keeping with the utter wildness, and many were the wonderful stories he had to tell his countrymen ot the kindnesses and cruelties, the fashions and lollies, the graces and hideousnos which he NI\V, and the strange things he heard. But the goal was not reached. Then, for a long time, the spirit of discovery, so far :is [HTtained to Africa, was dormant in England. And when it revived a little in \7'2O, it was only to be a,s>ured, by the ex- jMilition of ( 'aptain Stibbs, that the theories of reaching the interior bv the Gambia had been only a delusion. While the Knglish sought to ascend the (lambia, S'ticgal wa- the Niger to the French, the stream bv which thev hoped to rt ach the regions of gold. Thev founded the settlement of St. I/ mi.- in 1<>2(>, but little was accomplished until 1G97, when Siciir Drue wa- appointed director oi the company's aflairs, who made various journey- into the interior, penetrating as far as Bamboiik, distinguished still Ibr its mines of gold. Hut .-till then- remained the va-t blank on the map oi' Africa, and the fabulous -lories of wonderful wealth came floating up out o'.'the unknown, while the remote-t e\tremitie< of land in other (piarters of the globe were I* in^ brought under contribution to the general fund of knowledge and wealth. At length the African A-.-oeiation was formed in Kngland, aiid introduced a new era in African discoveries. Fir.-t, Mr. [/dvard.a born traveller, who had .-ailed around the world with ('aptain < 'ook, had lived in North America, and journcved to the remotest j>art- of A-ia, wa- sent out, ami dies-v-ion of a number of jn-ttv states, inanv of which eom|Hr-e aristocratic republics, turbulent, re-t!-ss, liean-. Hut a little inland there are found in this traet several powerful and well-organized kingdoms. Conspicuous among th-m i> I)ahomey, one of the strang->t kingdoms on the face of the earth. A kingdom which was U-gun in blood and cruelty, and whieh has maintained it.- exi-tenv a dreadful armv of Ama/ons. finding a Satauie solace for the enfori-ed scierifieis of their erliliate .-late in lilo. hardlv better than the Dahomev. South of' Daliotiiev, jn-t abovt- the equator, in I/iut-r ( iiiiii' -a, are t he Kans the cannibals oi I>n ( 'haillu and Mr. li-:i'li. wh-t-4- horrid barbari-m slnn-ks the blunte-t >t n-i- bilitif- in ivili/rd land-. A land \\lnTc even the grave atlbrds no -ei-uritv from the unnatural gluttony. A people "uho b;ir- t'-r th'-ir il< ad among them-el\ e- ; " the rivals of' the Niarn- Nfun in tho-e or^ic- :incl wild ilanec- on whieh Mr. Si-ltweni- fnrdi ha- ea-t -ii<-h vivid li-jht. A long llie s:une trai-t, a little baek from the i-ia-J, are the A-hiri, the ( aiiima, and various orher trib--, \\ho-c -trance eu-tom- enrieh the volume- of I >u ('haill'i. Th'-rf, too, js the fanioii- "A-hatr^o I.a:id." I'.: i_'ht' -r -jMit- are -,--n in the mid-t ot'the darkne*v-, : the li-^ht M[' ' 'hri-tianit v i- i>tabli-hed at varion- |Miint- along the eoa-t ; and '-oloni/ation t-nl -rjtri-' - ha\e taken a hold which j)r:n,-- grind i -n it - in t inn-. leaving tii' \\<-|.i'n eoa.-t. we upproaeh the ( 'a|M- of (Jod H..JH-, ai>"iit \\hi< h th ntendiii^ o-ian- in el \\i;h a rajr uLi'h :tj-i'i!!''l tin- -tout In art o! 1 >ia/ . ; \v l;o-<- |M-a-i-|ij| name d tii<- l-.ld -ui;; of' th<- ki!r_r ho I'oiild !-re-e' CAJ'K COLONY. 20 The Dutch, ever wide awake to the lx*t chances, soon sei/ d on the CajH* and began the settlement which has gradually "X- tendees of southern Africa, furnishing, besides a foos hold for the missionary, splendid opportunities to the sports- men, and a start ing- point for many of the most important ex- plorations. Associated with this |>oint we find the names of Hope, and Harrow, and Lichtenstein, who shed the earliest light on the habits and homes of the Hottentots and various ('a lire tribes. Hither came Campbell, and Trutter, mid Somerville, and Molfat, to deeds of love and heroism which have enriched the literature of missions. And hither, too, in later days came Livingstone, purj>osing in his heart to do only as other men had done; chosen of God to do a peculiar and unrivalled work, r uid lift the curtain on all the hidden region. While so much attention was being bestowed by European nations on the western coast, the eastern had remained either unknown or in the undisputed possession of the Arabs. In 14S9, when Vasco de (lama had rounded the Cape of Good Hope, he touched at Mozambique, Mozamba, and Milinda, where he found the Arabs ruling in all their Mohammedan bigotry. Cabrial visited Qniloa, and verv soon the power of Portugal had swept the ancient settlers from the delta of the Zambezi. They quiekly found their way up the river and established the forts of Sena and Tete, and ultimately the city of Zumbo, with whose ruins we will become familiar. From these settlements several journeys seem to have been made into the interior, extending some of them quite into the heart of the ivgion which came down to our time an unsiyhtlv blank. But only the dusty unexplored archives of the Portuguese intern- ment can reveal the now useless facts which were so jt-alou>lv concealed when they would have been welcomed bv the world. The same fatal policy which distinguished their ellbrts in the west brought speedy decay of power lien 1 likewise. A govern- ment, over anxious for gain and unscrupulous as to mea-ures. and a church with nothing better to give than bead- and cruci- fixes, and images, and solemn mummeries, can have no lasting glory. 30 T1IK KAST COAST. Tin- regions -outh of Mozambique remained almost unknoun until the establishment of the Kngli*li eolony at Natal. At a cum|aralively re, but at length Natal n>-e -o far above adversity a- to IKV eome jH-rhap- tin- nin-t desirable lield of emigration on tin- Con- tinent. The remarkable natural advantages have great Iv a.--i-ted tlie lalior of indu-try anl art in making this district tin- " FJv- ^illlIl " of Snith AlVi'-a. Tin- tril><-> who Mirroiind tin- beautiful horm-. and an-fullv iMiltivatMl li< Id- and blooming ^anlm- rlv reeoninifiided t< tin-in, tlx-v an- rat In r plea-ant neighbors, aflbrdinj; in tin ir ILT- nor.init- an ainjih- ti Id fur the philanthropist and (/hri-tian, and in tln-ir >tnin_'< -jM.rt- and rivalries entertainment unsurpassed. lint al'ti-r Natal had b < n made \<> bin oni a> a ro><-, tin-re >ti!I rrinaiin-d a '-..u-idfralilc c\t-nt ( ai)-"!uti darkiic--. All that \'a-t rc^mn lx*t \veeli Ab\s- >inia and tin- i-ijiiat'.r \\a- -till the land of liable'. Thi- " / -rrn im-'-'/iii'" " \\-.\- bc!i'\-.'d tn In- the ancient Iti'i/m (''uiniiinnnift'i'it t {> hav- 1 iind' r_ r "ii-- '_ r i'cat re\'olulins, to be jMrv-e.s-ed 1\ inde- p'-ndi-nt t ril- - (' < ialla- and Smimali-, and to term with aroma- tic-. 'piei-., nn ir!i, a!'**--, ivorv, ostrieh leather-, indigo, entton. ::nd nrh'-r \alu:il>!< article,- (!' commerce, vet it wa- .-till inn x- ,,!,!. Abiut the time that I>avid Living-tone \va> taking hi- lii>t I---"!,- in African life. Lieutenant Christopher, in ouninand i'i' the Ibiii'-ralilc La-t India ( 'ompany'- war-brii; " Tiu'ri-," t"i|e||.d at -cveral ji-iint- on tin- eoa-t, and made a few -Imrt )' illt' 1 !' \'- lilt' i the ri ill III 1"\'. Hut i he .jran-le-i realm- of wonder hen- wen- ju-t iM-^inn ab-.irli i II.H!, MI atJ-'tii i"ii. The inijuin -\' llrii'-e had been -et a-id . A -arch i tllle -Mirce of tlie Nile h:i,| -||e,-,-eded jlial till' tile I. 111]. I . Ni^-r.-i- the '_', -.-ind |. i <'']' in. And mailing tin- in-ii-e nearlv t iian aii v ! !n r < j ';-': in ". a- t If >-:\^< rip-- t< know \\ hat la\ be- I|.:if!i th.i! Va-l blal.L \\llicli i-strllded from tllf C;|]H- Colony to hotidan and from L"-.s-r vast treasures concealed there; there might lx> nations ea>ilv advanced in industrial interests. Philanthropy called for it : then- were undoubtedly untold wrongs crying to the world for redress : there were evils of ignorance and snjerstition which might be mitigate*!. Science called for it : her commission einbmces the whole world, and while there is a rock unbroken or a star without u name she must not rest. But, ino-t of all, religion called lor it Christianity there wen- in that region null- to be saved. The time hatl come, and a man mine tbr- wanl. little thinking of the future that lay Ix-fore him ; a man who.-e juv it w:ts to do what his hands might find to do. onlv doiirj :ill for ('hri-t; a man not sent but h-d, st p bv -tep. It is t!:i> man whom we will follow up and down in the deep shadows of that vast unknown; whose adventures we will ob- H-rvt- ; who~e toils mid sacrifices we will note; who^i- character we will .-tml\ ; and bv who<(.> wonderful ijnidnnee we will find out all the -trance, astoni^hini;, distressing, animating, pleti.sinj; and important things the land can reveal. The wonderful jonrnev* of which we will read covered :nanv thoii-:ii|il mile-; gt'iiorally thev will be found to lie in regions when- not the sh;ulo\v of a tnulitioli e\i-t~ of a while man's pn-enee l.-'ti.re. \\"e will find tribe- i ire-en ti in: everv pha-c <>t' unetvili/.ed lite. \\ e will find everv wild animal which !*- loir.", j.i the continent represented. \\'e will liinl st range and wotnlerful in-ect-, and dreadt'nl reptile^. \\'e will read of ruaniji- r'^'kinir with |M-stilenc*', deserts and tnic klc-ed a'_ r am-f the -tron^; coin- ^i;it :!i_' loii'_r-i-tabli-hed customs, and proji- m-rve ran-lully and ",ii"h \\e!l hi- life, we will be v. i-er and better than \\ e are, | M -i.|., the knowledge we -hall train of A ;.;--!. CHAPTER I. BLANTYIIK TO THK BAKWAINS. Noble Names Pavid Livingstone -Blantyre Home Traditions The Faot'cy Common School Latin Love of !5ooks--I?e Honest His Father Mother !?cotti!h I'oor Hot li well Conversion Missionary Spirit China Medicine Astrology (ireek Theology Africa Thorough I 'reparation IMII-- I,e:iv<-s Kir.'laml Cioes to Soutli Africa Condition of Country -Cape Colony ('ape Town Alijoa Hay Port Kli/.aheth Kuruinaii or Latlakoo Dr. Mortal Northward Studying Lanu'iiaLre, ete. -Selects Mataliosu Settles Kindness to the Natives A Lion Encounter Joins the Bakwains. TIIKIIK are names that live, and should live. Like the men who make them honorable, then; are names which do good, carrying light and strength. There are names about which systems, and histories, and ideal realms of wondrous beauty are; which incite mankind to lofty enterprise, and impart con- fidence and fortitude and zeal. There are names which honor A world's remembrance. It is well and creditable ibr the world that some men are never forgotten. JJnt of all, there is no life-work brighter and truer and loftier than that in the service of humanity, and the service of humanity is per- fected i-n the dignity of Christian effort. Amonsx the securest favorites of history, the worthiest are those who lived ti>r others, and loved and labored under the impulses of the gospel. Such a man was David Livingstone. Hi- child-lite was at Blantyre, by the beautiful Clyde, above Glasgow, in Scotland. He was born there in the year 1S13. The humble home enter- tained some proud traditions, treasured through ei^ht generations of the family. The young David listened with bounding heart ami growing spirit, while his grandfather told the histories and legends of the olden time. Culloden was in the storv. Ili.s great-grandfather fell there, fighting for the old line of kinirs ; and " riva Dark, 1 ' the family home, had been there. Old Gaelic song.s trembled off the lips of his grandmother, beguiling 33 " 34 nis PARENTS the ocial hours. There w:us the spirit of heroism in the home. A 'ul ainon^ tin- traditions there were tlmse of HIII;U- lar virtue ami integrity. He clas.-ed ilie dvin^ pn-vpt of a hardy an- birthright; he claimed it ; In- wa.- not proud of anything el-e. Hi- father wa.- a man of " uiillinehin^ hon.-tv," ami was employ..! l.y Monticth A: C'o., proprietor* of Blaiitvre Works in i -on\ -i yiii'j- vi-ry larjje sum- of 1 moucv from ( ila->jo\\ . and Itv the honorable kindness of their firm his inhfjritv was -o rewarded that hi> '! lining yeai> were >pent where he had lived, in ea.*e and i-onii-'i-t. He was a man who kept the heart- of hi- chil- dren. Hi- kindness and real love were >\\eeter to them than all that wealth -"im-times hotows as its peculiar irift. He l>roiiL'ht liis childp'U up ri'lij^ionsly ; it was in eonneetion with the Kirk of Scotland. It i- a Ix-autiful trilute nf lii- illu-tiions -.n: "Mv fatln-r d< -i rved rnv la.-tii)L r uratiiude and homage f r present i ii'_ r me from mv infancy with a continuously eon.-i-tenl piou- example. I revere his memory." The nioiher ot' the man appear- only, and pa->e- from the puhlie vie-.y. She wa- a ijuiet. loving, imlu-trioii-, -elt-di'iivin^, pr.ivin-j: nn-ther. (iod knou-- how to cho-e nioiher.- f'-r the cho- n men. Thi- mother \\a- the mother of a L't'eat and L'IMM! man. She \\a- a women who, l>v her \ irtue and modi -tv, ynd fortitude and eoiiraire, could l-ar a her" and m-pire him i'or hi- d--tin\-. "An :in\ioii- hoil-c-wife, ,-tri\'i;rj to make Inith end- mei-i," |i.iinil time and plaii 1 to e\i ri a true \\onian .- siii'/u! ir and mighty intlueuce upon her little \,\. \\ ( \\i!l Mot pp-ume to e-tiniat* 1 the magnitude d| thai inlliieiiee. \\ e will n-it -.iv h.',v rini'-h hi- home had to d.. uith the -in-nlar thou-hrfidne ai:d .li-tin-iii-h.-,! pp-c.,eit\ o|' the child ti..it t'.;;.,| ;i'! ,i:i\ ]otr_' in th tn i'. ''.\ ,\ n^'-toii \\a- p'lt into the lactorv. I'eople ..n-ht not ) a\il had KAUI.Y STUDIKS AND TA.STK.S. been in one of those schools. He must have been well advanced for his age. The impulse that his mind iviv the attractions of the threat University at (ila.-gow. JJoys in the neighlx>rhood ( .f great colleges have earlier and loftier aspirations perhaps. Anvhow we are informed that a part of J)avid Living-tone's first week's waives went for " litiddiman's Rudiments of Latin," and that he pre>.-cd the stndv ol' that lain/ua^c wiih jxx'uliar ardor, in an evening school, I mm eight to ten o'clock", during a number of years. '1 here are manv grown men w!i<, mourn over their ignorance 1 who.-e work does not liil fourteen hours a day. In those evening hours, with a little tired child-bod'.. Livingstone mastered the Latin language, and accomplished much in general reading. When he was Mxteen years o!-i, he was jnite in advance of his age. The diligence and sel'- COlltrol of the l>ov was the prophecy of the man. At this ear \' ajje, too, the peculiar tastes and talents which rendered 1: s subsequent life singularly successful and ve>tepirit was in him. This love of the new and eag-rne.-s fir travel were tempered and sanctified l>v an appreciation of the real and the u-eful. lie had delight in scientific books and experiments. The homo of his childhood was admirably adapted lor the development ol noble character. There was a population of nearly three thousand. The people were " good .-prcimetis of the Scottish poor," as he tells us liini-elt', " in honotv, morality and intelligence. ' '1 here were all sorts of people, of course; they were generally awake to all public (piestioiis ; their inter- est was intelligent; tin-re were -ome characters of uncommon worth; the.-c j>er.-ons iMt peculiar interest in the thoiiLrhtful, studious lad. There were near at hand manv spots hallowed iu Scottish lii-torv --- pots with venerable a-.-oriation-. The Scottish people love uM associations; they treasure the deal 3 KSMX AND MISSIONARY S1MKIT. memorial- of th- pa-t. 'J'h<- ancient domains of r>othwell stood with oj n do, ,; to thc-e re-pcct. d villagers. I>avid Livingstone \\a- < ne of The people, and loved the-e .MI-IK - ; he know their hi-iorv. :.!i ti.. i:- ..!! traditions \u re in hi- hear'.. .\ \oii:h, v,i:h the -pint of these as>oriati<>n- and surround- iaj-. ! :; 1 of -f.idy, \\i;h ahlltidant capachv, wanted oidv the t. 'tich of divine -race, and hi- In art would Ix.iuid t-i in-lilc -a'-ri- J'HT li.r < iii'i-: : h<- \\nuld tmt think of him-rlf. Tin- finn- canir. " I'!..- - !:a::j. . If "-ay-, " \va- like what inav !< -nppi>-4'd would la!.-- j !:.'. wTr it po--ili'n' t.. cur,, a rase of enlor-lilindm---." Th ::;.j : ia'i' :i "'' < i' >d'- I <\'>- \\ a- humiliating and com roll i HIT . 'lip- tri-. in -- oj ^rarc c !! '_'a _(< 1 hi- -jratit iid<- and aHi-ction ; tlic lulhic and ma'j'intiidi 1 oj it wa- iinanswcrahlc, and c-on-tniim-d him. I ;.'] \\a- no i-\pn--ion li-ii hini litit that o|' a lit' -jivcii 1:1 f'-'Mrn. !!' -javc him-cll' t" (J"d imniiiliatciv. Ilrdctcr- l:;ii,d t" L r !\'c him-t '.{' to t } }i> -athcn. lint it \\a-not AiV'n-a .-h h-- i!i..ir_'hl {'. Ilrv.a- not lik.- 1'ark hrdid n..t make > : ;i! pr-paratioii 1-r Africa. II-- look.-d t.. \\ard China; that i:iimf!i-c i-:;,j.irc - cni'd to l,--ckon him. lie -Mnli.il i'or ( 'hina and v\ i n! to A fri'-a. I ! i- -o in ( i. ., 1'- provideticr. S. .m.-tinic- {! h'.'i' -! titM'- (I.-- a pla.-.- i- attainehn\s-. him-i-ll" in lh> lny. ^ >!:,:: I.:\iiiL r - jl ' i!i- : : \\hoc\-er mini-t- !- to [!,. -on!- of the p, oph- ,.-!i ih.-m throiiL'!: th-ir l.odi. -. lie rea-. -n- d that II. c .:,:;.! i.. ?.. :.. d- -!r- d. a- a -j'ii'it i:a! t ;\< \i> r and !.- !p> r. v. oiill , -..-,] re-! ! ::::enti"ii I" the hnmMer intcr.-i-. k!.e -!. iii_r interview v. ith a l-rd: it i- la-i-r if the :,j-e !',!-: \\oii. ('hr:-! ] .:d i:iM'-h att--n::on \ th- ,);;-. ,,...-.;;;., ,.\ ,, ...;,',. >. . ha\ e all I he In -t and \\ i-c-t it' . l.i', iir_'-tone -Iiidi-d I:.- dicine in preparation t'.-r u..rk. 1 !'- lir-t 1 ""h ! ! him " ! p'\ :r . . ;| : . p. rpl- \in.r profiindit ie- ..f a-! r- .1- -.: \ : " ;,:,.! ; , , ! j], hi- iiiv> -ti-.'at i"ii \\ h> n. lo hi' \ oiithln! f:ii: - Tit-d '" ! p' r' !"'!-, :>.: d. in hi- "\\ n '.\ old-, I,:, ., .,.! (,, !,,,;, tou.-.rd lliii- --u! and 1 -. ?., tii'' !!: <(' ',!.' Klit'.ltholiialile l,llo\\ Icd-e AFKICA AND I'KEPAUATION. Ifi I!anlvre and Cambiiwlang, collecting shells and .-(OIK* long belbre iasLrow, and Pivinity with IV. Wardlaw, lv his own manu:;l laiM.r providing i'r his own education. Ii was a wonderful lo\-r of knowledge and wonderful love of ( 'hri>t Avhich strengthened his heart ibr such a work. ^ hat wonder that he expressed his delight, when at last he was admitted a member of a j>roie->io:i devoted to benevolence! How natural! 1 .' In: treasured ni"-t fondly the recollections of Blantvre bv t!ic ( 'Ivde, through ail of his wanderings! Jt was a sacrifice for such a man. Africa. ufl'ered nothing. It" asked for evcrvthing. There could never be a home there f>r him; there could never he one anvwhcre on earth. It is a serious thing to become a mis.-ionarv. ( hri-t h;'(l no home. The missionary eosnerf nearest to ( 'hi-i-t in hi.- s<'rvice, and he must come nearest to Christ in his sacrifice. Livingstone dil not go to Africa, to find out Africa. He went tin-re to carry Chri.-t to the ignorant and lo-t. The -'"-pel beinuj hi- mission, he remained lon^- enough in Knu'Iand to mistake that the intelligence of the t"ac'ner should be graded bv the advancement of the learner. The verv be-t jtreparation is desirable ibr the teacher of th" verv iLrnorant. I.inle children should have the mo-i aeeomplishcd teachers. P"n't send n novic-e in IVible truth to the heathen. (io<- all to pvr, a;id hut little t-- r-.-ive. Tln-iv i> ;_'ivat \\a-te in mi.-.-ionarv h'e. A laan d"e- \\i-.ly to -eik thop-u-h d. v 1- -pnient Ixfop.- - t- out on -mli \\nrk. Liyinir-tom- wa- a man with a r a-"iiah!e -- ! ntitie UnnwKil^c, ^i-..d imdi- al t duration, a .-ad-lit of throluu-y al! pervaded hv the ]"\- -!' <'hri-l and d. -. - "ii t-- humanity, \\ ith a deep- frit rail to the In ailu n. Th - - the nan uh-> left Kn-land for Afriea in I M". I!-' "Hi in l v l-'l. He \\ a- twrntv-iive \-ar- old v, hen he I- j.ui hi- LM'eat \\ork thei-e. It \\a- a lili- in flu- fiillm and '.;-';-, ty of ii- \ i_'(.r \\hieh h-- laid on ( i->d'- altar in th '/. - ! hiinianitv. Th- p-'i'ti-'ii of the heniLrht'-d ro!i:inii:t \\hi-h he >,].-:. 1 \'. s- mil "I inti-re-t and mv-trrv. Si- -i ; - of \\ - .;id< iful li rlili'v a d i mptin.r ri -i r\-./;r- i.f \\.ahh h.i-1 I- ; a l"n^ time \>< :\ tl ;:iii'.: iii the p-.pular niml. ( 'i\ iii/at i- n 1""L'(1 (a^ei'v t' .'. ard the h'.'ilh-n wildern---. Ae.'-iiin!-, all )i:-l- iinite, hi! jToLii-in-.', i-t' nation- wonhv of t!i- !r ^vmpatliv, liad ni"Y. ' . lit- Inarl- of ('hri-tian-. The ini--ionarii-. \\h.o had -jo. .. 1 !-.''. had hut little iiior-- than hi;:!t tlnir li: - - <-\ < r a-jain t T'.-- jl"oi:i. N-i-.v and th-'ii a nan \\"iild n-me out i.f th- >'.]- -hado\\-, attrarti-l hv their 1 -: i jht ti- --. Th'-e m- n 1 '. ! tii-- l.idd- n ualit. It \\a- lhat lii-1-1- n want \\hi-h i r! d - londlv !-, the h. art if Livin-j-toiie. Hi- Hi-hhui-1 v.a- "!-. erated to < hi-:-;. I !- i-.-ul-l ii"! a----- pi a -ervi---- . than hei-i'ie. He could ii"! im a-u iv h i- i '1 -' i-a- t ; :. hv ajipap : i - \ji--di'-ne\- and p r-onal -at'' Iv. 'I In- Kn^'i-h -.'i '.]>., ( 'aj-e had. in < i-- !'- pr"\ id- n--- . pr-\ id- -1 a i'- --tin-j- ! ; ' hr: - ' :!iit v -:! the n;i: '-rlaiiih d (i-rniorv. I.i^lil h::'-l :,.| .-!' darLn---; that wa- all.' Th- radia T-. . :'.!.'!.' .ii'/h t !, ::l""!i:. I .i\ in:'-!- -m r-j- 'i' -< d in t !.- ..: I : \\ . will llnd that hU U.-rk :i-iin. - lli- ! .' i:,!-.:,. h :\-- :!..- \vnrK !'< 'liri-ti:i:i / ah |: v '! . .. . :-!... M :h- uni-eei .._'n:/. -1 p >w r in all I he h -.-... M \- ;!, th- j"V- and I- .int.. - !' 1: m- CAPK TOWN AND Kl'UUMAX. -'.) and Western. CapeTown, where the missionary landed, is a eitv. It occupies a splendid amphitheatre; three lofty mountains describe an arc about it. There is Table Mountain, ri-ing nearly 10OO fret above the sea, Lion's Head and I>evil's I'eak. The eitv nestles in their friendly shadows, and look- at it-elf in the sea. There are .'1O.OOO inhabitants, all sort- of people, Hutch, English, Negroes, Malays, Hottentots, everything and nothing. The streets are straight ; thev cross at right angles; they are threaded by canals, along whose bunks there are rows of stately trees. The houses are flat on top; they have threat block stoops in front, where the inmates lounge in the evening. There are fifteen churches. Mohammedanism is there, watching most jealously the intrusion of' Christianity. There is a ^ood government, and the seet> may (juarrel >ecuiviv. Thev do it. It is a pitv. All hearts oiiuht to be united in saving the heathen. After a little while spent resting, Livingstone sailed from Cape Town around to Algoa P>av, and entered the country. It is well to look at it on the map; it will fix matters in the mind. On Algoa P>ay you will see Port Kli/abeth. This is a town of MOOO inhabitant-, an Knglish settlement, and the principal shipping-point for the eastern division of the eolonv. It is a door. Civilization goes in and out with its blessings and the return-. There is a return for all .-ervice. ('ivilixa- tion has adventured its wealth in the service of barbarism ; enlightened barbarism has always reimbursed civili/ation. The Church carries the gospel to the heathen at great co-t ; the heathen receive it, and strengthen the Church. The -un i<>-i.-> nothing bv lengthening its ravs. Leaving the bav and tin 1 easy sailing. Livingstone pn--ed on to the (iirthest inland station of' the Soeietv. Thi- -tati-.n is called Kuruman or Lattakoo. It was the headquarters of Hr. Moil'at, who had .-pent many years in that region; who-e book, issued thirty year.- airo, is full of' interest. Tin- ho-pita- ble home trave a noble daughter to be the companion of the ini.-sionarv e\ploi-er. Xow fullv on the ground. Living-ton.- e ; \-t about him with characteristic dclibvration and courage and xeal. It i- win n zeal is courageous and courage deliberate that irivat tilings are 40 .-Tl'DYINt; Tilt: LANCjr.UiK. a (i i>iiijili>lic<]. Quitting Knruman, and the ]>h-a-nres and encouragement- of home-faoes and home-words, he sought an ah-tde northward. There he denied him-elf all Kuro|ean M-ietv .-ix month-, that he might identify liim-elf with the native- and 1 aru their language, their cn.-toni-, their hahit> of mind, their law- and wav ot thinking. 'I he trile which hi had cho-rii v. a- that M-etjon of tlie I'eehnana- known a- lak- v. ain-. The future rewarded the .-acrihee he made and the tho-e mot/!.- of t -:1. the h-y \vhich nnlo-l-'d l'< >r him door after do..;- in hi- i-nh-Mtmciit wandering-. Ill- home in ihc-e ln--nth- \\a- at Liiiiliamlia ; it \\a- called th--n I .- \\< .le. lie j.;-oj il to make a tell lenient ther, ; hut \\hile he \\a- at -,---, d of th.- t- rri'.orv l>v one of tlio-.- n : .!i\ l - war- \\hich ari-e a'nio-i a- ir ' j!i 'in :v and nncxjM-eiedlv ami terrililv in harhar- .-';- eoiinrri ~ ; t - t he wild wind-. So atti r -onie journevings hither and thi;hir. he .-elected tli.- " lieaiitilul valley of Mataho-a." and remov. d to i' in 1 1.",. 1 ! ininiediately ideiitiiietl liim-elf thoroughly \\i f h the j.ei.p'.e. It v,a- hi- nature and hi- t hi . -rv I- - do -... '1 ],,- j-.-a] mt.-r, ~| \\ h:eh I:.- a'.!o\\..l him-'-Il' to eh, ij-li in cverythiirj \\!IP!I coneeni .1 tii--m i- the tni< -t exjilanation of tli'-;r regard tor him and 1 .: j-.-eiiliar intlin-iiee over th--m. 1 i' th-y were in \\ani. h- \\ < uid h, !p io jii-ovide for them; if th-y \\--re in dangi-r. In- u^nld h, !|, tod'-liv-r them. I f v, e v, ..u'd give medicine to a child. _'-,,- it a i"Vi!r-t. 11' )' !: that tho-r jieojile mn-t receive ii-h !:!." a ehiiil I - iv - in- dieiti--. I le mad- th. m like i,;..i i.\ j'ie !..ve h- Lore i!i m. manifi -ti d a-'-'ording to thiir i ..tup!-. 'i. n-i- n ; i!i n th-v \\-'ii!d h- ar him in m:iitir- \\h:eh - -:,-.,., ... a:..! d;-./:-. '-a!.!' . 'I'hi- -piril h d I" a \< r\ ri-'U- ...J'. ; time a!'- r 'li- -- !tl. lie lit at Mata!>"- an . ,';,, d jf enliar inter- -! latterly. The ];,-,- i. | 1. .. ,. -MI "I'arlv troii!ile-ome, \ - atnnn-j on nio-t |, ..i ..;!:. : : . ]. r . d t. . tl.. ir - ii 1 - : t il ' !-. and ! iMo-m.-d 1 lie m;-- iv ,.':!..' -itti. iti.,:, I ,.!(.' v i-iioie_di. \\ hen lh" killing of a -in.-!.- ,,..,. ,.( ,1,..;,- ;,,.;,;.!.. n. : di 1 -.- - v. --uld have r-Ii-v.-l t!i. m ,.ti; ,..e I 1- r ; l u-!:inei - the m;--i..narv h--a l< <\ a A LION KXCOrXTKH. p:irtv whicli ho gathered and went out to make a victim which should he a hint to the presumptuous marauders. A!'I< r several fiilnres, they at length discovered :i li<:i sitting !>ehiiid a .-mall hush on a rock. The deliberate aim of Livingstone reached i:*, mark, hut liud the effect of bringing the lion bounding \\\>:i liim. Quicker than it can he told, they fell tu_TtliiT t^> iln- ground, and growling horrihly the monster shook him furioii.-]y, inflicting eleven wounds on the upper part, of the arm, a;il crushing the hone into splinters. That w-Hind \vas (iod's mark placed on the man; it \vas that \vhich thirty years later M-rvt grasp of the hca.-i ; then he i! !! over his victim, dead. Livingstone had learned the language, had learned to ride an ox, had acquired some skill as a pede-- trian, and had learned the delights ot' lion-hunting. lie \va.-. prepared for his work, which was opening. The .-pirit wa> in him, and the mark was on him: now he might go into th:.- wilderness. lie attached himself to the JJakwain trilje. C'HAPTKU IT. TJ;<- r.r.-l:ll:i!;:l< Tl.-' FV'.Jfw .ill!- >. .-a, !,- Hi- <'., I] v. ;->. -M- IT- iMli.-uhu'* T!i-- I in\rrir:irii( r..:]'iim !" > -fl.rlf < ri- utxl I..\\M I >;!V. i,!m - |>.i.; I li> I'... r- "...\i!\ A;:- r:.- ::!-!. l'ri:i.-i f .:.- ll.H-r- H.u.- Li*:iiL'-i"ii.- .--!, 1. '- I;. -.-:.!.. |.ii .. -.-J - I::-. - h.-;....i (,. in- N.. ( :)...r.i I'.-; r . t.. u.-l th.- T!;I: I'.. <-lni:i:i:i- livf in a muiilrv i < in:irk:il ! I"!' it- I":iilty ;i!'l I'-rlilil v, :i I'liunt rv iilnnnxlin^ in li- r>\-. 1 !. \ an 1 ~ |>a- r: ..| lV"Mi tin- ( ':i|"- < 'ti!mi\ 1-v i!i- >ii' ins i i _; M"iinla;n-, \'..<\ 1.. \..nl ili,- ni.,un::ii:i- a pa-lmal tli-iri-I, \\lnn- I'.n-li- ii' ii ;,iii | 1 1. .1 . M!. :- li:i\ I In .r \\ a i I'll !'i!i_ \\ jiv. alnl \\'.\< r t !:< - (! ( ); in,'- riv< !' ; jii-l i>\i r ili-' < 'I'.in^,- :ir-- llir I'K liuaiia*. ('i t!i.- ],-!! d in. I. '.. !iii-!i i~ \\-!,i- ih-- Kalahari 1 ^ - r\ ; "ii t rijlit l.aii'l, v. lii-'li i- tin- i :i-t. li - I !i- < 'at;'r' l< rrili-n ami ..... '-iMtaiii". 'I !: !' '-liiiana- i .iinjir!-.' a iiuiiiln-r .i li'iln-, \','. , , ':.;, )X |ri\,- in'l'-|>'-ii'l-i)I I'.-'Tiarrlial aiitln-riiy. '!(,.-,- (;; ;[', _i;i, i':il!\ fllli-r ill :i'l\:i!i'' ".' lli-ir li' i J 1 1 1 ' '!'- Ml n . :;,i. !ii . it, ; [!. v iivM-!l iii' 1 !'- ::i '!'!'-. aii'l ] av pinri 1 :i' r. . .M . n : ; ii ' in. ; ! !,- v ar>- lii"l'i- a< ! \ a 1 1<- I in 1 in art-. '1 ;. . :' Tr :" r ami >!ini.-rvi! ! an a :at- ! \\ itli t 1 ;. -..- Il !\ , .if till- |" "|'l". 'I I" - -J' 11- SECHKLK'S CONVERSION. 45 sloiie w;is there, is about -')() miles from Kimunun. One linnilffd miles may not IK- despi.-ed, in u country \\herc all journevs must be undertaken with one's eye- open to tho dilliciilties of forests ami wild beaMs ami unfriendly people, ami where oxen convey you. The tir>t settlement, L'Od miles, in advance of tin: hardie.-t missionary ctibrt, wa.-> no in.-ig- nilicant matter. Matabosa, the mission station selected by Dr. Livingstone, is only a lew miles south of the ciiy of the chief. Seehele was chief. There is frequent mention of this man in the books of travellers in South Africa about that time. He stands out distinctly, in the meagre African hi.-tory which we possess, a noble specimen. He was a man of singular intelligence and liberality, and grasped with avidity the rudi- ments of reading and mathematics, and handled the.-e keys with a masterly skill, opening readily the avenues of knowl- edge. He received the Christian teacher with all cordiality, aid was greatlv delighted \\ith the beauties of the Bible. ! o long a time delaying to send his people the go-pel. "Mv tort - fathers!" he would exclaim, ''why did they not send them this \vrnl? They all passed away iu darkness/' () that the reproach o ( inactivitv mav be against us no longer! The " i.V. her- have ],''.s-ed awav in darkness!'' The children ! the ( 'liri-t ian \\'orld nitrst vindicate the name it bears, bv ari-in^ in the -pirit of the Master, ii'ivm'4 1 \\'ings to the -\vord. '['\\\< noble man was greatly embarrassed by the inc();np;'.ti- bilitv of the demands of Christianity with the cti-toin- "t' his country, and particularly with the relation- of a chi< f. There he -at, in the centre; ranged around him. circle after circle, were his subjects, in the ord'-r of their dignity or funily strength. The one bond -which pi-i-\-adcs the \vho] t - tribe js that ot' marriau'e. Th" chief bind- the .-tron'jvr of th.- under duels to himsilf by taking \vive-; of their famili---; the-" under chiefs in turn fasten yet humbler ianiilie-, to them in th" .-a me way, and -o on. The whole tribe is a family; the chief is the h- ad of the 40 CROSS AM) t'KOWN. family. Tic- missionary did not ntvd iu.-trnr: S-dielu coiuvrn- mg tin- inij roj.riety or .-infnlne.-.-. ol' xuue of hi- eii.-toins. Hi.-, own inteili-enee di-eoveivd his duty, and in the- hitu-rm->> ol' his struck- hi; rriitl : " < )ii ! I \\i-h\oti hail eome to this ronntrv lxt"iv i heeame l-lJtaiJghtl ill the me-he- of our rll-tolll-." llre v,a- a heathen ehief. The rhief- under him \\eiv idrnti- lied \\ith him and hound to him hy tin- \\ i\ - u h..m hr had tain n. It he ahandoiis jioly^amv he olli-nd.-. the under rhieli- he -hake- the \vhoh- triiie to it- c ireiinileivnee. T\\,, veal'.- and [tied ^vitll the-e dl liielll t ie- ; tile eolivie \v. re jH-riiiani nt ; the ,-aerihee .-tood laeiii'/ the -erviee. It w;is theoid and ever-ne\v < Yo.-.s auain-t the < 'ro\\ n. I>nrm_ r tlniM- t\vo year- and a half Se,-he!e CO-OJM rated \\!;h I >r. Living-tone li-artiiy, and manili -(,! mn -ii ( oiieern thai the _ r '-[M-l mi^l'l he aeee[,t,-d hyhis Jieojile. llnli'd. he Jiro]io-i'd t" introdnei! n in trn<- Alrie;;i -t\le. hv the la-h ol' hi- \\hiji. 'i hen. \\in-n di-eoiira'/ed from that method, he \\ondetvd a,.d L r rie\-( d that oniv in thi-, \\inre of a!i thinu~ he \\ould ha\e them imitate him, hi- [n-oplf ili-jiix d h;- example. At 1' n-jih the hmir ' ame ; the deei-ion \va- -:ri>n_ r . Seehe'a- a-ked lor haj>- ti-m, and, mtliii need cnliri-lv \>\ In- o\\ n i-onvi't ion- of riidit, hroLe a\\'av Iroia all tho-i- eii-tom- \\hieh he iirrn-ivcd to l.e inij't'ojier. I!'- -i-nt h<'ine ail of the \\i\-, - e\e.-j,t hi- lir-:. and u r a\ to hi r hi- heart ain-w in < hn-lian jiiii-it\'. 1 ii;- mti i !i r- eii'-e i.;' ( hri-'. lamt v \\ n h ] " '. jam\ i- oin- o| n -. mo-i iin|ojniiar f if nre- in A friea. I in I I he duvet m-- and n- arn- -- ol ( 'hn-t lan :i]>|iroaeh to (i..d, tip- -!tni'_ r :t-id" no; oi.lv o| th-ir -ii-;om-, lit it < ;' i iii ir -n|ii-r-t it ion-, i - a -t . . I L'l'' -il ( i' < 1 1 iheiiit \ . \\ ' eoti-j'ieiioii-lv a ni"i i/ the Uak \sam- \\a- t!ieir iailh in tin- art ' r |-o-,\i r of the ram-mak' !'. I heir i-oiin!r\ hordi r- 'i t :. . i -. n ; iVi ' Hieiit 1\ i in v if d \\ aii-r ; t he rain- are \\ it hholdi n ; I !.i P .n . mi n u ho ju'oie-- to i irin_ r ram ; t h> . ad nun !-! r m< < 1 1 t-ii. to i !,. ! m en [- ; I he\- elaim I he rain, i f it coini -. a- hro.i-ht l.v t ': in ; if ir d... - not eoine. t!" n lh- \ ar. !! -. " NO man i- e\ ]..,'. 1 to - |ee. . d in e\ e|-\- jiarl leiiiar matti r. N , , . 1 ,'. , . .n -a*. -, A -I. I e .. i t >r ram ; t he.- | .j-.-t. r to a i. t !i-- rain- d. . f.-r : l !.. \ ran:.'.: - ' . i ; th- \ - - t i . r.i i n -d. ". , : - ; i !,. \ -, , hi- ri:- dfine I-:. ' : :!,. v an in ii-.,ul,!, ; i\ t . \ think th. ir a:-- -:.-i- . : nin -.,. THE DROUGHT AND IIOPO. 4- During the three years the earlier years of Livingstone'* settlement there was ulnio.-t a continuous drought. Se<-li< !; had I >een a noted rain-doctor; no\v he would not do anything. They felt that Christianity was to account for their parched fit-Ids and famished herds and their own great Hilli-ring. Tin -y were slow to embrace Christianity. To Dr. Livingstone thfv would sav, "We like you its well as if you had been born nmonir us, but we wish von to -rive up that everlasting preach- * ing and praying. You see we never get rain, whil.-t lli<.-< tribes who never preach and pray have plcpty.'' Indeed, with such impressions, there is no diflieulty in eonipreheii lawie.--. Tliru^li all of their \tn-initv I r. Living-tone was treated kindly and wrought diligent 'v :; their enlightenment and siivation. Th- \\<-rk of vivi:i_' UP n i- indejM-ndeiit of their rumliti'in ; nn-n need the ;_' '-;! all th- time. I >r. I -i\ in:r-!"iif n-mjiii/.-d tin dilliriil- !:. -. 11.- k:n".v ilia: th'- ninvrtaiutv, tin- anxi-iv aiM.iit the* t!i[;i_ r ~ that jn-r;h. ihi- lawful i-oliritlldr alwitlt l""d. \va~ indird a M!_:I'Y hindiM:i--f tu In- >tie >.-;. llc'd.d l:'t -u-pi -nd hi> .-...:!.. I'li: h.- '_:!'' t!i |- -n:!'TT- hi- r-V!)ipathi->. It \\iil. ind.-<-d, In- \\. ', 1 \-, ii'ii tii" (liri-tian ditirchf- a'.vakc thi-r< 'i!,;!i!\ ! tin- i:ii:rt:!ii'-" !}' - - kiir^ direct Iv i h" inijir at hi-n, ii..t tialv i;i !,ii'r.\ ' \^f and in their Mriai li!r. I'M! in tin- r i iveremne \l.-.\-\ j. :;']!"' -, than eti-l'iin-, than want-. 'I hat "l"!ae!e \\ a- !;\ i;i: r . |: i-i'.'.. 1 i:-. it' ei\ ;!i/"d ; it eaii-d it-e!f human. h \\a- in !l :;: lil -!i .[ ; " '.' - II'-., ura :< 1 1'V nlir-lde e|\ lil/all"!l. 1 he < -'; .:: \T i:: 1 !-,!i . jii-; : \> -ri 1 1 -f I ! M I '.- -linair:-. \\ i re . , n pji-d - ': ! ', : -. 1'ii- ;' are p. ..ple kii'iv. n ;< ^ J!...!-- in < ajie ' \ ; '>'.. .' :::' a \ i'\' indti-! ri'iii-, h< >\\< '!'a! >le < la--. I n- -e ! '..'',<. i. 'I he lip in n tain- v. P- I'-rin' r! \ >> M j >\< <\ \<\' a I < I'- i, had In, n ' M-ell.d. The I',,, h;r:', :- 1'e- PKItSKrL'TION AND 1'KOVI IMINVF.. . J() voice. Tin* tribes hated slavery, but were degraded ],y it. It seemed inevitable. Soinc'tiines people would sell their chil- dren. The inevitable becomes tolerable. Besides the dc^rada- (iun, there was the constant trepidation and absolute insecurity. The sha Living! one'.-, work. ( 'hristianitv and the liners were enemies. 'I he Jlorr> were the enemies <>!' Livingstone; tliev did everything in their power to prevent him in everv undertaking. '1 lie mi lon.irv would educate the people; he cinaneipated their mind- ; they would become free and strong. Trade is the companion of Christianity in heathen countries. Traders follow missionaries; they I'ollowed 1 >r. 1 /milestone. These trailers sold trims and powder. The Boers were cruel to the weak, (herelbre thev wen; cowardly. Thev dnaded the trader because th'-v dreaded powder and intns. r i hey dreaded Livingstone, because they dreaded the trail"!'. '1 here could be no peace. And when, at last, Seehele aro-e in self-delence and killed the fir.- 1 Boers ev r slain by Beehuanas, Living-tone was denounced as (he insti^i- tor of their action. It was then that the Boers de.-troyed li is house, his books, his papers, his all. Thev wen: determined that he should not open the country. Thev set him five to do it, and (breed him to do so bv tearin:: 1 up his nest. They v,v e cruel to Livingstone, but (iod ^vas kind to Africa. "1 he mi sionarv could do not'.iint; under the Boers; he mn.-t L:'O norih- \vard. If he \veut northward or east \vard r we-t\vai'd. ih" wav he went would become a road, and the Irnit would .--iream i;; stron^t'i' and stronger, (lod's Spirit h:,d made the missionary ; (iod'- 1'rovitk'iiee wa> making the e.\plnrcr. Si-veral years h:id been .-pent battling with ihoe diHieulties. The labors f Pr. Livingstone had extended sever.;! hundred miles eastward from Kolobenj.:. lie had e-tabli-hed an in;i- mate friendsliij) with Seehele, and other Bechuan:i eh;< ('-, be-i 1 - gathering considerable information about the reirions bevond. ]>ut the beyond wa- across the desert. The desert AN';;- a diffi- culty. It was a heartless difficulty, but it was not human; i: was hi nted. '1 here were no Boers on the uth< r .-Me ; there were only h -athen, and the Lake Xirami. Thi- ;a'.e had lon^r b"eu an object of anxious curiusity to people inteivsiL'd ia Afi'li-un "0 THE DESEKT MUST RE CROSSED. matter^; and beyond Npimi, the home of a far- fa mod chief and an intelligent tribe promi^-d a most desirable footing for C'liri.-tituiitv. S-hitnane was tin- ehief of the Makololo. Se- biltiane \\a> a r-illv ;_'r-at man; hi< praise was on the li|>s of oth.-r ehirf- ; he \\a~ a _'< mi-oii- man. ] >r. Livingstone longed t' hno-.v him a:iak\vailis, al!rv>-.t b'-f.vt-'-n S.-<-ln-l- ami the lake, knew a route to it, but he v.'.uM ii"t i ii it. IH -aii-c he i'v of the lake r< -i'>n t-i IM.-.,!!),- aeeeible to the outside world. There was OM'V inn- tlnnvr to do. The deseri inu-i b- cro.--cd. In ilu- undertaking Liviip^sione \vas joined bv Mr. O> well and Mr. M iin - :r. - , both of them noted travellers. The formula- Son b.-fi.i'e them \v:t- one of peeuiiar interest, though ]! -uliarlv inho-jiitable. It \\ a- a de-<-rt that \\'as not a de.-ert. Then- \ - o:i!v one \\ant. That want was water. There are tr- - and vi iii - and LTra~-e-, and animals ami reptiles and people; !>!' i v- rvthiiiL', I'.'tn the men to the creeping vine, is warelnnt; i--.- r. The j,':u:!- -e;ireh downwanl, and send their roots !'.! !":! :i'!i the j -M'eiK-.l -inirec; thiV mu-t find mi>tlire, be- i-.i'i- ih ' -''-m t. !.;HJ!I :it the >nn. The animaN are >neh a- e::n ; I -. r ( r."d- v. i:h"Ut \\at'-i - . Their -;iL"a ( 'it v diseivers t! , I-'Urrtaiij-. :.;,! p"ojs \\hieh an- here and tin-re. 'I he >.'.'.:.'- are lln-hmeii and liakalahari. The l>n-li- r. t!.-- .! -.I-'. Tip- I'.iikalahari lovi- I'reednm. Tiny !'! ill lil'-de-e[-| \\hlehlhevhisl el-e\\ here ; tliel'e- -hit!.' d. - rt. Th- re are jil:int^ in thi< wilderness - t!ie p!-!, . ( .f t;.iiM!ain-. Thev bear ipiite a number ". !i:--!i ; r !:I!--d \ - . ;t!i a fool. relVe-hin^ IJijllid ; tlie-e \ buried t:ir l-e!ow tin- eril-t. Tln-v an- b< I ra\ . d 1 t'!. a- 'a ive a- a erou '- ipiill. 'I In re are va~t !' ' r::i- !"M- in -rue ve;ir-. I'\'r\- !i\ in:: thin^ ' - V\ ! Mil lhee abolllld. I 'ill! t hel'e \\ el'e I)ol |e . pnrtv v. a- there. Tin- human d \\ i !' r- > >t ' ; in ei .!! a!::i ' tin- 1- \\ \\at' nn-j-plaei s t !i<- d- ! ;' .' '',}. Mi'- u ' 'i:i' ;i li:t\ e a t!:ii:ij- unter tV'iin tli- -i- hidden pool-. ,: -.-. : f h th- ;r \ -- !-, ^^ hi- h are onlv BUSHMA2TS CAMP roil Tin: I.AKI: NOAMI. -> ostrich <"^-slirlls, \vith .'i small hole in them. They thru-t nno ctnl <>f a small iv<' tin- precious fluid, which pa.-vs Irom the moiuh, through another ned or lar^e straw, into the .-hell. Thus thcv improvise a punij). ^ lieu thcv have filled a num- ber of shells, thcv an 1 borne far awav from the spot to their home-!. Nnbodv finds \\ater by finding the Bakalahari. It. c existence is accounted their saciV<.! ire. 'i'hc iJusliiuan's scciiritv i- in \n< poi-uncd arrow-:, which he u-es with ureat cordialitv when occasion demand-- it. 'I h" JJnshmcn arc manly-looking and brave; the Hakalahari are moan-looking and timid. Tli<' weak and the strong, the hrav* 1 aiicl the timid, have e:ieh their reason for chosin^ this hoiii" ; thev find their interest^ identical, so thev live together. The Ijtishmen are hunters; the other- live on roots and fruits, and trade between the Irishmen and the world, with skin.s and tohaeei >. It was the 1-t of .Tune, Is 10, \vhen ^Fe-srs. Ijivingstone, ()-\\v!l and Murray lei't Kololx-n^r i\ }r the Lake \;j;ami. Mes- sengers had come from the chief of the lake count rv, whose name was Leehulatc-be, inviting ]>r. Liviir_r~tone to vi.~it him. Theso messeiiLi'i'i's had brouu'ht wouderlul accounts of the ivorv to l>e had there. Their account-; stimulated the Jiakwain guides, though thvv did not le>-eu the diiliculty of t!ie iourn'A-, because wa^osis could not proceed bv the route which thcvcamc. The pariv \vas iurnished with oxen and wau'on-; and ^uide-; and >ervaut<. \\ e can liardlv couvev an impression ot' the picture. 1'hev slowlv skirled aloni: the dr-eri, i'rom jiool to ]>ool. There wci'e a score of men, twentv hor>e<. and about eiu'htvoxen. They jiassed I>oatlonama and Loprpe. At Ma~!me, they lett the road which they h:id t'>l!o\\vd, and -tnic'k out northward, upon the dr-ei't. Tli-A- pi-e-~ed on to Svrolli. Ft was toilsonu 1 pro^rc--; th" deep sa;id coinpircd \vith the scorchinu' sun. Serotli wa- onlv a stiekinir-plaeo, and tliere \\a. ; ; the dclav ot' several dav< be! 'ore t!ie jiartv wa< retVr-hed bv its slow stream. There wa- nothiiiLT more remarkable tlria the impatience of a iruide, the herd- of wild animals, and di u:i- : <>n.s of Seko'ni, who sent messengers expressing the L r i'-'iite.-t anxiety r >4 M HOKOT-A AM) Till: /<)!(. A. nlxmt tin ru. ('njiiditv is a livjMK-nti 1 in Afriea and everywhere. S-k'-tui t' an <1 I,ivin_'.-;oiie \vmild lind the ivory : la- pivu-udtil to In- afraid !i i% would U- l..-t in tin- d< > -rt. At N> h"k"i-u our traveller- \\eiv rulcrtainifl uith a woiaVi- ful and harniin_r illu-iou. l > a--in-_ r out of a thi'-k Kelt of tive tla-n- 'our-: up"ii th< -ir vi'-\v what - < nn-d l" !> a 1" antifill lakr. 'I h-- .- !:i:r_'Min \\ a- ea- 1 . iri_ r a lvi iv ha/e o\ vr t he Mirfatr ; tla \\av--- \\.-ri-Mtii a- it' daia-in^ and ri|jli:i'j- : tla- ,-hadow.- of tin IP'- \Vi !' triii- a-< In- 1 . 1 hf rt'\vartl of th. ir t"il x-'-niril at liand. I '.'. v \vi-n- di-apji' untt-d on li;nlin_r that tin-re wa- no lak--, IM v.al'T oalv a '/ri-at .-alt-pan. 'I h" wonderful mirage liad d <-.;-,.d t!i'-:n. Over and o\'ra-lhi\ pa--' -d northuanl \V'-ri- th' ',' d'--i i\ i-d in the .-ana- manner. Tic 1 olij.-ri of the', (jil' -t " a- -:;!! iar av. av. At li-!;_'th th' \" -inick tlii- river X/nija, llouin-j- lv I!H- \ iiiaj<- of Hakani'--. l'!i- peopl,- of tla- villa-e in!'..rni'-d tla-ni that thi- ii'.hj.- riv-r ilov,-i-d from the lake. NOW. ih< n. lla-v had t! e tliP-ad an i; 1 .:- rr.ii s {Jtiali 1 . '1 liev had \'.ali-r: -ne-e-.> \va- :i inatti r on!v of davs and IIH-. \\hen ihev had pa--ed aloaj; ihis riv'-r n- arlv a hundred mile-, tin v met the lio-piiality < f '.he lak" rli'a-f. The tri'.'- had r-'-i-iv. d order- t-i jrivr to tl e lra\''-!!'-rs all di .-;p d aid, and < \p. ditr hi- advann- \\iih ail n-adin- --. Th'- Ilakoha \\ a- found to 1 r om- i.| i he mo-t mier- of Afri'-a." Th' ir prid'- i- in t heir ran"'-. A 11 day t la v de- li_'ht to -:ri!,r tip ir -npp!- 1 oar- in!" th-- lan'i!'iil \\atrr of tla-ir riv. r ; at ni_rhl tla-v \.,\-<- t" -!-. p in I la-ir 1"> ii-, -aii-ly 1-i-teia-d i:i iip -ri-iani. llr- ri v-r Taniunak'lr tlo\\- MI!" th" X"ii^a. i, a--' d i:- luoiilh; i! !l" v '. - d"\\ n ir-'in "a eoiuitrv 1 !""k-d of ihi- i ikr \\a- pi". : OIIIP d (o , aii j. .-.di. i; d;- '.vrv in S.-nthrrn Afri'-a. 'Ihi- p"int !nr ni -!,, 1 i : . t..vtoa!l th.- lov.ir jM.riion ot' (!; eontinent. and (..!,': i!.-i'. d ; ..'! !' t!,'- in!- P I "t' African Havi, wh:ir i! invit-d a d ;-! i: I. i -! in trad.. Tlii- di-r.-v- ,-y a iat-d th.- Tiii- I:!..- i - ' :. ' d !" In n' ar! v a hnndr- d mi!'- in eir- cu!;. :-::... I 1 a'-'U: t .', , , h;i:id r- d 1- t a! - .'. t In- h \ - ! of AI.O.VI; TIN: xor(;.\. .-,.-, the sea. The water is cold and soft, and fn-sh when lull; when very low, it is a little brack i-h. lint after so inueli toil, the main olijeet of Dr. Livingstone was not to he reali/.ed at this time. As we said before, while he was in fact an explorer, he had a loftier aim. He wa.- a missionarv. He desired to see Scbituane, l>ut Leehnlatebe uas unwilling that lie should go there, and refn.-ed guide.-, and .-ent an order to the liavieve to rcfu-e pa.-sage acro.-s the river. Lechulatebe was afraid of Sebituane, who had killed his father and conquered his territory long before; from whom, indeed, he hail himself been ransomed. The sea.-on wa- liir ailvaneed ; thev could not uo on. The party turned baek and pa-.-ed leisurely down the Zouga, Mr. ()s well having volunteered to 'wing up a boat from the Cape. On one side, the bank.- of the Zouga arise perpendicularly ; on the other, they slope away gracefully, clothed with grass. Along the-c gras.-y .-lopes the liavieve have const ruetcil pitfalls, in which to entrap the wild ani- mals, when thev come down to the water's edge to drink. Tlie-e traps are .so carefully concealed that everv now and then some of t'e [tartv would fall into one, though UHIILT all vigilance to avoid t.ieni. Hut not unfreijuentlv the sa^aeitv ol'the lordlv elephant is superior to this strate^v. The old one- h;ive been known to [.recede the rest, and carefully uncover everv pit be tit re allowing them to down to drink. These animals were l!und in ^reat numbers alon-j; the southern bank ot' the river. A beautiful antelope, feeding in vast herds, attracted much attention. It.- iitble appearance, with head uplifted. u-a/.iiiLr curiou-Iv upon the [tartv; its lull white brea-t ; it- lon^, curving antler.-; the splendid ability disj)laycd as it went bounding awav over the nnderurowth, were indeed eh:inninr. Magnificent tree- adorn ihe banks ; their shadows are on the jlassy surface. S-ime of ihese trees measure twenty leet in diameter. \ hev are crowned with splendid flower- of various line-. Their wonderful ever- green foliage, droo[)in<; fjraeefully, presents mo-t eliarmiii'j retreats. Thev are ;_ r rand. natural arbors. When the eye fall- from the.-e inaje.-tie view.-, and \vearii.- of he feeding herds and rest- upon the water, there mav be a ti-!i ju-t leaj)iiiLr into the hininir surlaee. The liayieye are ll-;.- 4 .*,', K"i."i;i:s. HO.MI: i.iri:. > .MICH, and eat what thev catch. Thev make- nets ; strangely i noii_di, too, tin -ir in t- ar<- not unlike our own. Thev show L'tvat dcxteritv in har|xionii)^ the hipjojM>tamus. Whcnonce tin-ir harlx-d hladi- ha- fixed it-ill' in their victim, he has only on.- of two thin-- t" do the l>oat mu-t U- sina.-hed or he must ll'-turning thu-, a- they w.-nt, 1 >r. Livingstone and his party reached KO]O!> n_-. Mr. <>-wdl having gone on toward the('a|>e. Tin' j'Hini-'V had b.-eii accomplished; \\hite men had looked mi tin- water ahoin which untaiinihle accounts had made them -u curi"U-. Tin-re had Leu hard-hip-, hut htimanitv had beep -'r\ed. Tie- uav wa- opened for < 'hri-tianitv. The inquiring 1 and _'vii'Toii- -vmpathi/cr- \\ith the ignorant and degraded u tho-.-dark fore-t- had received new inspiration. The in \\-ol fhi- di- -"Y'Tv had kindled a new intciv-t in Africa. The hard: mi--i:ri;'v d.-i ;d> d t" -p'-nd the winter with his lamilv in Koh,- ben_ r . HT it wa- not lo-t time. Hi> hands were lull. 1'eopl j'-ii'-r.t!!v hav a | r id-a of' the real liti- of tho-e nolde fe\ \\hom I i'id ea!!- to forsake the lei-lire and comfort of civilix.il ti'in tor tip' t'lil- arid iv-pon-ibilit ie- of' a fol'ei''n field. \\ hil. I thi- noli!.- man i- 'vaitm-j on tic \\mt r ram-, \\f mav look n upon ihi- li'itii'- \\hieh he ha- made. Alma! th'-onlv liieilit\ \\!i:eh Africa oilers the ardiili-ct who \\!''v- on tin- model- of rivill/f*] lite i- material. I lie holl-e uhi'-h In- hiiild- mu-t \' dearlv hoiijht \\ith man\ d::\-- ot % hard work. lit;- \\.a- emphatieallv -o o| a home ani"n^ the llak- w ain- ; h' '-ail -i- tln-\ , ho -,\ i-vr willing, have a ijiii r inaliilily to put t hiii _ r - - 1'iare. I >r. Li\ in-j-toiii- had to placet-very brick a: id 1" am v. i t h hi- "\\ n hand. A t't'-r t he I |oll-e collies t he ll Vlie_ r in it. '1 h'- romance "I" hard-hip I" conic- \a rv real in \a-ar-. It ;.;!-' ! trii'- henevolenci \',hi''ii lind- plia-ui''- in the want of all '.(.' o'| v I II- 'I I' 'I - i if ai'lv CX piTlenee. \\ e --mile ijlllt'' -crioll-lv x d:-. Livini'-i'itic '_'.iin_ r "lit \\ith a lai'L' 1 ' batch "I dmi^h .i!, I c!or ha- -cooped our i:i a _M'i i' anr hill. I h- ihles, and ever cheerful ai d resolute. We must see his noble wife gladly and proudly 1ml I. ing a hand with him in everything, if we would form a tri'e conception of the characters of the parties. And the man ris-.-s loftily indeed in our appreciation, while we observe the dignity and humility, the tenderness and the strength, the mecknes and the couraire of his life. C'll A PTKII I I I. [.(T!!ii-.t. .n-' ^ !!)! J. urn. y i .. t!..- l.a',..- I':i-. th,- /...nja !'..r.--l-- Tsi-t" li- r -. :':< / -iiiM I...,Kf V.'.'iiii ALSIMI 1 I..JM -, . I >. . ,:i_- >. t.i;u:in- (.tii'h-i S-.-ur.-l >i.-kn ft la!- If,:, I;. 'urn i.. K..1..K, i,/ "[.I" -ai-n f < 'lii.-S S-Situ.iii.-'- M.-.-n-.'i-r Ti.:r.| S:.rt Th.- < >;,i I'.uh I', -.-it (.!!.!.- \V:iti'l.-rs I i\f T.-rrtMr I'.i>- \\.ii.-r r..ui,.i U:m;ij..:i imi-i.- i.. i!,, ( 'I, ,.>. Tiu- M..X..;,. M. u S. in'.'i.iiii- I.-.it!i .f S. 'MIII.IU.- 1'i-M .,\, r\ "! th. /..unlx-i !t.-:urri- ! i -!["- S. ii.|< lii- r:tiitily t>i lin^i.uiM A N. T.'iir I ii'l.-l.ik. n I'.ir!v )..!!.Ti] !! .1 I'.TIM'T t'<-uji:ni|. ,,( ll,.- 1 a].. P.,.-'- ,.| l!.,- .IJM dn.jtn,' I.Tr;[.ry I. :!.[- ..!" \Ii--i. .11 \\..-k Kunnu.iii I 'r. M-l':.i; I'..!-!.- Tnn-l.iri..^ I.HM.MI ..-- \\.u-..! I;- r- I >i!V,.-Ill!l.'. -. n ..!.;- >.-,-iin -I >!.u;, N..r:ii I.i-.n I'.nlV.i!.. ^. .-I,. ! '- T-.-ir ; --r|..-ti:- '! !,. it-:ri.-l, M..i!.i.t,n I'.vli-f in (!..] >:ill I'.ilis K. ".'" fan :;!,.! l:,.iM- I.i \ :!,_-'. .M.'- K Mplip- - I r. i. ; - ;: i .11- 'I ! -;ii^ii';ir \'il. il.lv ( i\ iii . .1 i - \.i! i \ 1 1 inili r- I i.kii ai.-i -.i;:hy lulli-tnl A-l%;:i.'.- 'I'!,- \\ . y t,. tn: .:i. t!i- A\.- \\;M A;.'; 'Hi-- S ii.-lmroli I..i.y:iti:i M:iy :"',, I-'-.; ( 'ir.-u:i;i-Uic.ii ApiH-nr. an. . ..I" ' iin'.ry. I'i:. LIVIM;>'[IM: \\:H imt tin- iniin i-> fl!>:m> ii'-'l \\Ii-n inul- tijii..i. II.- !i:nl ili~i-.ivi-r-'l I.:iK'- N-anii, hut In- li:nl li"t -...[i S-hiniiui' 1 ; In' lia'l ii"t ^:iiii'l In- ^n-nt inilin-ncc t"r < '!i: :-t iani: v. II. \'.:i~ i!> i< nuiin-'l !M \\.>ulil \i\ rdin<|ili^ll hi- ji-.irjM,-,.. A----": 'lin j iv in April. 1 s "'' 1 . li- !"'_;:iii a -cr< .ml i"iinn-v ii'.rtlmanl. lin- IIIIK- > < \\> ! |"iin:ir!v lli' 1 |'!':!-il!'' ami -nijiilar mlii'i-l "I a \\'.uiati'- |i P -*!!'< a:ii"!i_ r <\j>l"r<-:'- "i Air. '-an ui!I-, ami tin 1 li- ] j.'. - !i. -- ami <_'! I'fillli' - "\ cliil-lp-M lna'l'- tli-- lilliil >< 1'ili^ <\-v. aj". r i- - in li!.'' a li"::.'-. 'I'!,:- tilm- tins l'"k a ni<.rr ea-'.'-iv !..!', aii'l i'i-J'-:t-l <>!" -tril.iti-j; a>T"-- tli-- (! - rt tr>in Hi : . '!: y ha.! .l-.n- h-l'-.n. I .iv in j - 1- :>.- .l.-i-l^l tn -o !,r .'i/ii V.- )', i:naii-v. a:.. t>.%\n. 'I h- i-hli-!' ih-iv, I .rtu.-h.-, r,,!,!', ..] I,'.! ,-, !f -., 1: -,.- h.-u !..:il. M !;. I!,'" -m-..- - ..f tli.- l).--..r i:, h r. .r;m-r \- : . jt:..l .h.-lar-.l hint-!!' -"iit. nt. K. i- liinj- l!i-- / i:.'a. t!.! lit- pai'\ .!-..--! it. L:\iiiL r '..:i.- .l.-i/air)/ !!.' il:!:i- ult\ v. hi. !i hr Iiii-hl kiA>N<; Tin: /'.) again have in proceeding if lie passed the ford ami depended on Lechulatelie to assi.-t liini at the lake. Seehele parted with thnii hen 1 , being anxious to meet that chief. The party then passed along the northern hank of the Zouga. Their progress was slow and laborious. The great trees stood so thickly that the wagon-road had to he made by cutting them down, and the multitude of pitfalls proved a terrible alllictioa notwithstanding all possible watchfulness. The oxen weru Kidlv unfortunate in combating with this diflieulty ; many of them were killed or crippled : for although the Jiayeiye were friendly to Livingstone's undertaking, and would gladlv uncover tlu- j>its, they could not be always aware of his approach. Thus wearily the party pivs.-ed on, until thev reached again the confluence of the Tamuuak'le. There a fresh barrier con- fronted them. There is a llv, ca!le ox for the home of Sebituane. The morning came ; with it eame disappointment. The stub- born chief had consented ; a protest was entered with which there could be no reasoning, which could not be bought over even by London-made gnus. The children both opened their eyes in the morning, their little bodies scorched with African fever. The servants soon were its victims. There could be no debating: only the desert air would cool the lire in those swollen veins. The second time the hero was foiled They returned to Kolobensr- r. TliK THIUI ATTF.M1T. When Sfluinane ln-anl of the attempt* "f Livingstone to rwieh him. In- immediately * nt hi- iiio^-niii r- to tin- ehief-, \viih j>n-^-iit-, ri-'|ti. -:nr_: t!i -MI to rvnliT all tin- a--i-tane- they eon'd to tin- mi i'-aarv. ll-'-nit thirteen brown eo\v t" L < hulatrlx', thirteen \\hit'- eo\\- t-> Si-kuini, and tii;rti<-n Mark o>\\> to Sfln-ii- ; l'i;t though th--i- ehit f- weiv all di-.-plv indebted to S-i)ituaiii-. and ^ r r-atlv d< pi-ndi nt on hi- d.-iiK n- \ . -o -jivat \va* tin ir nnv, il!i:i_'ii.--- t" havr tin- r inott-r r j i"ii- uf tin- font inrnt hr.ni'jht in!" "iita-'t \\ilh tin- \voHd otit-ilr that ihrv -till j>,-r- :-[ \< rv j>oiblfr manii'-r. I-.\'-n Sfhrle, \\-ho-.- {riciid>iit|i \\a- a tliiM'_ r o!' \car-, and liv-d l>\' hi- own r..n\-i-i--ion, tn. .] v advantage (' tin- ali-i-m-o "t I .: vm_'-!' >i)'- t allow all the mi^.-eii^er- of S hit naiie to ^o la--k without him. 'I he o|)[xi-itioii \\a- annovin^. it \\a- not vli-'-' >:ii'a_Mn_ r . \\'aii:;rj "iilv t-'T returning health, i!,i- pai-tv ri--unn-d th.-ir ti .ivi-!lin_ r trim and --t out on the third junrn.-v. \\ < little tl ink. v. ho MI .jiii.'tly talk ot' the li^ht ot' eis'ili/ai i->n and < lii'i-- tMiiitv -jireadiiiLr gradually <\. r the mtirc earih, h'>w -i"ii:!v t! < dark !!-- n>i-t- it. ho\v h. r"i<-a!!\ tin- jii"M. [- "t" k no\\ 1, -d-i- :4"\ L'"-j"l hojM 1 have -!n\<-n in t h- ir \\ "rk. 'I h-- lra--k \\:;- ai- ; it tl.'- -ann- a- in l'>rt:i'T |.'Urm-\-, a- far a- Nih"k"t-a. I' "in th ] it !. d aern.-.* a flat, hard eonntry .-evi-ral hnndi-d ni!'-, Th-' -alt |>an-, \\'hii-h -> tlioroii^hlv le-ci\',-d tin- di- - \.T-T in hi- ti;'-t \"i~it, and \\hieli an- found |int'- iVfjilentK' , ;hi- ln'oad |i!a;n, iiisit'- th-- att<-nt i> n of ih.- enn.n-. ll( <. t- .< a: I "in id a ^i'' at nnnil<-r "f \\ i-l !- and IH-VI r-failui j -|inn^-, a:!i"ir^ \\hi' h ihe Iln-hini-li \\ !' foninl a Irieiidln-r home than th'-d'-rt. 'I'll.-.- |.i-i-.'i.iii- f.iiintain- ha\'- th.-ir limit lhn_:!i. 1 '. \ .i:d t h- ;n a \'. id'- and < -h'-< -i'!- -- \\ a-t- n -i-I- \\ it h it- j>a--;\ - -. n ' !i ' !< ad\'aii' ' "t'th.- lr::vi-!l. r. I'.-f.r-' i-nt rin_ r on t!,'- d; - ' i! v - : ! .i \ .n-.: t "ii' -i-i-tuvd a I5:i-hman L r nid<- ; t h-- i r nnl. ni ...... ^'i '... Shulci diil ii"t i'\.-it.' thi-if h"ii - ; hi-v, a-a If : .' : ! i:f 1 < 'iii i -' lan: t v ! -1 !' :r_ r t h- n a n.an t"i' t lu- :i". \ ' !." [.art \' :-. 1\ tn> I t h.- d< -"la! :< m d. ; n d. T!.- -. h id '. i't all -i^n- '.)' !il'- in : ! - ! h i ud ! l.< in ; t h- .- . i- "iiii t !. i- id. T!f -:n_ f lr 1 1. ! "t vi'j'-ta'ioii sva- a (".'., iif.in-1 - : i''. " \"' a I'ird. :i '. an in-i-et, i-nhv Till: DKSKKT AM) THK CJIOMK. 01 ened the. view." Two .vs passed, then Sholto Ix-gaii !< wander; evcrv now and then In- would throw himself down, crving: " No water, all countrv only ; Sliobo .sleeps ; lie bnal.- down ; onlv country." How shall we picture the agonic- of those 1 days to the husband and lather? Such a wa-te ; a guide who-e mind wanders; the water in the wagons nearly exhaust' d t.'ie eliildren crying for thirst ; the silent emblems of inexpre.-si l>!e angni-h hanging on the eyelids of their mother. Four dav- pa-^ed. They laid down in. absolute helplessness, onlv |>ra\ i::.: for the morning which they trembled to see. The fifth dav, toward <'veniii^, some of the men returned to the \yapms \\ii!i a little of the preeioii^ liquid. No wonder it was esteemed (inayei\-e. At 1'anajoa, the son of the head man volunteered to ^iinle them to the ('hobe, in the country ot'Sebitnane. They had exchanged the dreary desolation for riyers and swamps and the fatal t.-et>e. To the oxen it was escaping fiimishinu 1 , but death by a slow and terrible poison. Singularly enough the bite of this fly does not harm human beings. The wild animals of the country teed in their midst unharmed ; so does the ass, the mule and the e;oat. The horse dies in a few days after being' bitten, and cattle are its hopeless victims. At the ( 'hobe Livingstone was met by delighted Makololo, who conducted them joyfully to their chief. Il is remarkable indeed to find such a man in the heart of \\i\< Inng-negleeted continent a- Scbituane. Jle \va- a speciman of' the p..ibli> African man which fully repaid the toil and dangers of' this lonn- juuniey. Through varied fortunes, almo.-t inee--ant \yars, lie iiad rcaelml the dignity of beiii^- perhaps the grrate-t chief in the coiinirv. With the loftiest courage lie blended a .-iliu'.llar depth of>\-|llj:;- thy and capacity lor \yinnin^ the heart- of his Mil'ject-. II:.- prai>cs were seundcd fir and near. The people wu!d .-:;\ " He has a heart. lie i.- wi-e. ' lb- \\a- delighteil by the vi-i: of the. missionary, and felt himself honored bv the confidence which was manifested in bringing his family, lint in the mid-i of his realixation of his long-eherislietl de-ii-e this e-reat chiei'i'i!! sick. Ijivingstone desired to treat him himself, but l.i in^ cau- i;-j SKIilTfANK S DEATH. tiotied that^ in tin- event >f his d-ath in that <-.i>e, the tribe would hiarne him, wa,- induerd t" do nothing. Sebituune had become jrn-itlv inU-rcMed in the ehildren of his vi-itor. \\ hrii he was living, he rai-ed him~elf and .-aid to a servant, "Take Kert to Miinkii ["IK- <-t hi- wive-J ami tell her to pve him >ome milk.'' Ihtx? were his la.-t words. The death < -f Seliit uaiie ajain disirrantred the plan< of Living- .-t.'ije. The ehii-f had pn mi-ed tr p with him through his ejiimtrv and -.!(( a .-uitaMe -pot f\n- a station. N-\v il would !> iicec--arv to ]'iit ii] \\ith emisiderable delav while a nie.-siLTt- ini^ht IK had {V"in his daughter, win: iliheliti-*! t lie chit !taiu-hi|>. Thi- time \\a- li!!'-d tij> l>v M'----r-. Livini;>:oiii' and ( )-\M II, l>v a tour to the norihea-t, when-, aftei travelling .-onie time, an a flat eoiintrv, vari-d ii: n- -uitai'- onlv I iy cii< rni"ti-. ant- hills elothed at intervals with t'lft-t.-; ot iniinosa' and niojiain-, benritijr the mark- of oeeA- n:d tl'."d-. th-V t'"lind the Xainlie-i in the centre M(' the eonti- in ni a iir-'ad and nollc- looking ri\ er. A mon-j the -\\ain | of tii.- /.ami.- ~i and th' ( 'ImU- were th.- home- of tl,.- Makololo. I I- ]- t> had tli" \\ rt-t'-hi-d t ra'li' in human th-h ! !t il- d L'rad- isrj -lime. 1 I,.- 'j:ii-nifii!~ !' liai/'- :md printfd et'ttun i"!d the -l->rv "1 ! !; h' -rrid t ratlie. \\'hili- tin- In art oi' I ,i\ in_ r -tTMie \\a^ \i-ani!!f_ r !'-r lh;- \>< [>\<-, \\\<- dftiU'ii \\a- appri -ai-liiu^. Had he n al'i' 1 Jo ei uiijili-te In- ti i -I j' nrii'-v. \i<- \\ .11 Id ha\ < I n on ill'- jr-'und iv-i-l th-- lir-; approa'-hi-- )' thi- d--tr"\- r. I In MaU- .:,,!, Iik,. ih- ir n.il.l.- ehi, t'. ,!, -p>,d the trade, and declared .ip \ had rit-ver un!;l then In-ard "I pi.^ij.- liciirj l"ii'jht and -"Id. Ind-'-d. in all AtVi'-a. il i- tl.'- l'-!!ninv \' 1 ,i\ iii'j-f >ne snd "tip -r- ;hat th<- |> r-"ii- -"Id ar- onlv ili- iapti\'e- \\iin h a M :' in i\ In !!. 1 1 i- a t Inn.: i;nh- aid i't ! hat a man - 1 !- hi- i'-.\ :i ' In Mn-n. T!." d- af h "!' S. Mil lain- and tin- iinln all hin- -- ot' tin M ak- >!'>! 'l' t !i" I'. I - I'll in i In <\ i .|' p- ::' ai ! la! " 'I - aln-'ll^ i::, -. I I.- i ' u a- in In .nn-. | i t c h. y >:< man d> !' r- - u . !' and .-in I'll i-n !" l.ijj land, and i ' urn i '! a d:- ' rn ! \\ !i n h mi. f nt iif"\ a > Ii! I f ot M. hi ?i ," i \i-cii: I'.n i.|' i hi- r. -..lurii.n in i" m iiis ir-l 'In < ,j..-. A1...UJ Aj.nl, 1 -.VJ, In- p!a- d hi- lanuly LOOKIM; FOK A JIOMK. ^ DM board a homeward-bound >hip, and hade them a farer-ell, which proved to be tor fivr long years. The di-tinel vbjeet in view was a central station in the continent, where u Mii.--ion minht be planted, 1'roin which Christian influence could 'adiate the entire land. For such an end, he gladly braved tK- forc- seen hardships and perils and endured a long forfeiture of the sweet .society of the dearest friends of' earth. Ho left the? Cape in the lumbering \vagon drawn bv ten oxen. The companions were " t wo ( hrist ian Bechuanas from K urn man, two Bakwaiu men, and two voting girls who had come from Koloheng as nurses lor the children, and were no\v returning.'' The partv in such style would be a novel si^ht indeed for many who road these pages. Think of starting in such fashion from New York to St. Louis; imagine the strange forests ; see ever and anon the animals which we look on with wonder through grated Itars walking freelv across the plains, or hound- ing through thick jungles. ^ here our towns and cities are, let there be only larger or smaller clusters of queer-looking huts of mud and straw; lor the; fashionable belles, and gallants, of our communities think of nude and duskv beings adorned oniv with odd-looking ornaments of rude metals. ]>ut we ca:i:r>t Imagine the thing. Ihis journey of Livingstone, destined to stretch aero-- Tie whole, continent, lay 1ii>t along the centre of the j)romontorv, inclining a little eastward. Nearer the capital the inhabitai ts arc niainlv of' Dutch and Krcneh descent. Africa too has hivn an a-ylum from religious persecution, (iod has allo\\-cd his people to be (////-/; forth "into all the world." At'i.'i- two hundred years on this shore the people are hardlv chan^'-d ; thev are hone.-t, industrious farmers, who have made a -tt-rile region moderately fruitful, though to the eve of our traveller it was uninviting. There were no trees crowning the dark brown hills, and the plains looked like the promises of' a desert. The names of the places which the party pa ed indicated that in some other time there were buffalo and eland- and eleMiant- roaming over this region. Tln-v have fled fro in the approach of civilization. These larmer- devote most of their attention to herds and flocks, and the climate i- peculiarlv favorable t'i their choice; though, alter you leave the Cape sonic di-tanee, G-} KFFWTS OF TKACHIXJ. there is a \vi~. ;m almo.st unsui- iMotmtuble barrier to the introdnetion of hot>e- into the remoter ur iviitral di-triet-. tJu.M l.etiiiv tin- party reaehed the < >raii'_ r e rivt r, \vhidi rnvssitl their n>ut- :-ome time hundred mil*--, from < 'ape Town, the !iiiit>iiiiiv oj tin- ioiiniev wa- n -lu-ved 1\ a va-t In nl ot >|>rinir- .' . I uiiek-, \\ lii'-h x'.-med to \>-- i!iciviii'_ r a\\a\ tr-'iu llu- Kalahari ;lt---Tt. 1 li>--- animal- an- -anl tn t*i-u.-:mvrrva.-t e.\- |>an -<.-., tin ir <|iii\ rnrj niotin!i ainl t" in^ antlrr.- jm-M-nt a view "!' -insular |M-;IU!\ . A'-i'"-- tiic < >r:i!ij.', ihcv ji:i~-rd ihrmiL'h lh<- territory of the ( iri'jiia .1 mi \i 1 raee, .-pniii^; of Duteh and I lott.-ntot parents. That taiiioij- ciiirt'tain who U-hav-il -o no!,!\ t.. \\ard the eoloiiv, a < iin-tian man nl whom iniieh i- -aid in " M"tVat'- Si--m-~ and I.alor- in South Alri'-a." rni'-d ih'--i- jeo|ili-. Anion-j t!u-e I iri'jiia- th're ar- inanv 1 ',. liiiana- living, and 1-oth tin- rai-es have rii-ii\. d nr.i'-h In 1:1 fit tniin ('hri-tian t'-a'hiirj. 1 >r. Livin-j-toni- \\a- a !ii!!<- tli-appointi d in their l:\e~. It i~ dilli- eult I"re\.n tho-v uh'i -peiid iiianv \'<-ar- ainouj; the heathen t' jnd_'i- tiiein l-tir!\-. It i- h.;rd!v to l.ee\j"'-ted that )>roii_di! out of' -ii'-h tie-gradation ti.('hri-t -h-aild ininieiliat< K a--:ii:i-- th'- pr-'j'- -rt ion and -vinnn-tl'V \\hi--h \\ < e\p.et \" ('hn-tian ehara'-t.T in onr land. < 1.r:-t tanit v ha-il-'iie inueh ! r t h- in. I h-- 1 liUiina in;--: on ha- thrown over the \\ hole t."!i t!i- air of en ih/at ion, ami nia-le knninian a retreat 1 oin th- i; .iih-ni-rn lnvi.nd. It lonnd the (Jri-jiia \\oinan e'-'rii-d on!\" \\liha l)ll!|eh of ] , : : ! i i . r - ! I'l 1 1 L r - h.'l II ^ I II L r iVolll her \\ai-t. a:id th-- -kin f an ant--lope thrown over h. r -h. .nltl--r- ; th-- i:.' n \\t-re -in'-and o\i|- \\;:h a m:\tnre of tat and oehiv, \\ : f ii i.;i'\ a ! 'A' -'JUT'- lli' - lie- ..( !i nip r t'>r an apron ; ihat \\ a-> t!i-:i- ' i:di"!-. < 'In i- 1 ianit \" In- ej^iju-d tln-f p "pi- an-i i tli'Iil '.. a't'll-l p !l;' !< 'U- llleetHIL:- I'- _' 11 ' a !'! \ . It lia^ _'..'! .i ** I ! ' > i! il to ! !i. p. i 'p!' \\ hi- h I !( \ l'e-]iee( . Sill i i\ , t '; 'M/li .r. i,. ! - . i!n par- ! li in v. it !i t h> - i- ! i--- a' !,"H,, , Wi in. i'. n ! ! .;-' ;!,- re-n!'- 'Ah:-h ini--ioiiar\ ell"!'!- havt T1IK HK( HUANA J.ANGt:A<; K. ().-, s in Africa. Ho hud at last completed tin- tran.-lation of tin.- Bible into the language of the liechuauas, and wa-> i-arrving it throii'di the. pros. lie found no written laninuurr to benin O I his undertaking with; he had fir.-t { produce, that, then accomplish the translation. The work reveal-, something of uncommon interest. Tins language posse.-ses wonderful copi- ousness, and vet provides fbr the expression of tin- I'miati n< li in fewer words than the(ireek Septuagint, und makes a much smaller volume than our Kuglish ver.-ion. During the delay at Kurumau they were surpri.-ed and grieved bv the coming of the wife of Sechele, reporting an attack of the Boers on the Bakwains, in which they fully gratified their cruelty and eagerness lor plunder, and vented a little of their rage against the missionary work by robbing the hou.-e of Dr. Livingstone. This outrage of the Boers raised a new barrier. It had so terrified the Bakwains that not one could be found who would risk himself in the company of Livingstone ; for besides their ci uelties, the Boers had made furious threats against the man \\ horn they charged with having taught the Bakwains to kill tl.em. Onlv after considerable loss of time and much searching !> succeeded in finding three servants, who he describes as b'ing "the worst possible specimens of those who imbibe the v.ees without the virtues of the Europeans. " These, with a c.'lored man named (Jeorge Fleming, who was induced to L r o v.ith him, made it possible to advance, and he left Kuruman on t.'ie l20th ot' November, and skirted along the Kalahari as be- fore. This time there was an abundant crop of' watermelons. This being the season just preceding the winter rains, the travellers were subjected to the peeuliarlv hot wind.- of' the desert, which they escaped in former travels. The partv reached the alllicted town of Sechele on the last day of IN-~) X< wonder that the heart of' Livingstone was grieved with the spectacle. Never had he witne-sed one so pitiable. The people were plunged in absolute mi.-erv. Little more could IT done than to give ihriu the svm])athy of' his full heart. These were the people amoim whom he had labored fir.-t. I Fe had lived in their midst. He had left them on'.v when the inter- ference of the Boers rendered hi.- work there enuiviv iimmicti- 6f> LlnNS AND .-Klil'KNTS. ruble. Sorrowfully etiou-jh In- left them to fo!lo\v the ilntv \\hieh calltil^hitu a^ain int> the wiMerne--. lit- found the well- at iJoatlanatna ami LOJM-JM' all dry, and |irfsse In- takes i- taken M atiMoii-!v ; l.iit tin- eoiuitrv in>m Kuruinan i- t iirn^iii^ \\itii all th"-e f>iv-i iiion-!' r- \\hieh have made the continent <>n> ol unti'l rl'nl intcrc-t. Il\ the YTv ii.iuitain <-t' LOJH |>c a lion- olio- -j>ran^ njioii tin- IIOPM- if Mr. ( )-\vcll, \\hit, liilliiiL: to the irr-'ini'l, \\:is oiilv .-aviil liv hi- lailhtiil d"^-. The livrna jT..\\l- ainoii-j the f. .|-i-t>; the l.iitlalo, t he ( lej.haiit , the u:iratl'e, tiie /.-lira, the tijer. all are IM-P-. All al-oiit Ma- hue ^reai liiiiuUr~ of iniee traee their .-u!ii. -rram an iioiii>, or rai-e the (nM-l... -kin^ little ha\eiH-k- t a-j;ain-t the iiidrmriit .-ea-mi. < )<. a-i"iiallv a~ thev \\.-nt they t'"iuul a lieaiit il'nl |orii,i.-> whi'-- hanl ~h- 1! i~ it- >',-iire ea-lle e\en uii'K T the teeth ol' the lin, ami a li'i \r eovet.-iii-ne to all \vho lovt- the hrailtifui ornament- \\hieh thev atlonl. All aln.nt Ma-hne there are ^reat iiiimli-r- of -er|M-nts. The>e arc a 'wiatetl ine\erv mind \sith the\irv \\i'r kill the rat- i- t" \- free of riiuke,. 'I'hei-e a i-i! i- a hnii-eh' >l<\ ti'ea-ni'e. S. 'ine of t he.-e I'eplil.-- al'e fearfllllv V'-nnlll' >H-. I he |>lf;ikho]tl I- a >jee|e> ] euliar! / -". Thi \ ap- -"metiine- ei^hl or ten tei-t \i\^ ; ami vi n v. if n il- IP a'l ha- 1" en eiil oil', t he la ML'- have In -en known t. ili-iil i-'iar |H.i-. ,n I'M- h"iir-. Th-- no^o- put -- 'lie, < >r .- rp> nt of a kiM, i- a -'>rt of (.nll'-aiMer \\hi--h imitale- \\ith \\ "if 1. rt'nl i \ a. ; .. -- the 1 ,'i at iif_ r of that animal ; and. niujiie-i loiiaMs , ! he n ;,!!:' -I !!!. the \\ j, k.-d, _-la--\ eve-., t he r more enlightened people.; for trnlv there can hardlv In; fitness jlr the responsibilities of lilc before our i- in some \\'i\v trained to eudure, or dares to do. Among the-o tribes juiothcr singular fact is, that no one knows his age, but measures his life onlv by the initiations into the national rite- which he ha.s wit nosed. Th^ Bamnngwato hills, in whose shadow the party passed nlong, rising nearly a thousand feet ahoye the plain vast masses of black basalt are scarred and split and everywhere present the traces of volcanic action. The soil lying in the in- terstices relieves the barrenness of the lava marks with pleasant foliage. All along were seen the chinks and cavities formed by the broken masses, which, slipping down, have caught and hang piled against each other, forming wild refuges tor the natives in time of war. Twenty miles beyond the Bamangwato the p:irtv reached Mr. Cummings' farthest station north. This gentleman outranked, by far, all hunters in Africa, and manv a wild and thrilling story is in his book, which has aroused the Ximrod spirit in the breast of youth. But the chase along our meadows and river banks of the bounding buck or cunning fox is a poor prepara- tion lor the terrific charge of an infuriated elephant: shrieking like a steam-whistle, his proboscis high in air, hi- divad-in- spiring tusks gleaming awfnllv, his enormous tread -baking the earth, he rushes on, trampling tinder loot every onpo-iti"- thiii" - : : II he must have nerve who stands, and skill who escapes. Beyond Letlachi they entered on a plain, where, lor sixtv miles, there was no water. Feeding here and there were seen vast herds of ( 'and-, and frei|iientlv they saw the sillv ostrieh. Hardly any occupant of these wild- en^au'es a deeper interest. Its very l!>lly is entertaining: the travc'ller ]>itie- and laughs, to see the creature, though fully a mile away, in extreme alarm rushing straight toward him. The poor bird seems to suspect that every passer-by is trying to circumvent him. and so invariably seeks safety by rushing aero-- the path, fivi[i:ently only a few yards or rods before the oxen. With enormous N \VI:F:I m:i> K;NOHAN< K. -tridts and a-toni-hin.: rapidity of motion, it rival- the fUvtost hor>e- in it- ra<-e l\>r life, while it- feet an- u-ed with retnark::h!e dexuriiv in warding oil' the do--. It- -ph-ndid coat of j^l> -\- l>laek, ami white-tipjM-d \\m_r-. tla-h in tin- siinljint', a.- it run-. with jKvuIiar Ix-.nitv. It- j;neh and tar-n-arhin^ vt-ion con-ti- tute-Y thi- -iir_ru!ar individual tin- -entinel of the plains, ami i:.- tiiiu-iv alarm i- the -i'_ r iial ir a ^t-m-nil -tatnjM-dc of all tin- pinii in si'_ r '.t. .MH.U: tic- \\cll- ..f M..;lat-a an- cln-t.T. <1 th- homes of liiiniepm- I'r.ikalahari, \\hit, though kindlv di-j>"-. !. and \\illini; ciioii_-h to li. ar the mi ionarv, \ven- vet -n \\reieln dl\ ignorant ami d- _Taded, -f infinite eonipa-.-ion :md -overei^n jjraee f<>r -ii|>jiort n h.- lali'-r- anioii'j- ihi-;n; rej>eatedlv, a- he \va- in tin ir mid- 1, hardiv an a||r-'iall' (!!<(( \\a~ rlKcrvel. I' \\a- a!nt< -t imjo--il'l-' l' -r t iie-.- jn or ereat'ire- t re-train their amii-eim it when h'- \\oiild kliet-l down to ]rav. 'I In v -a\\ ii" (Jod. aid the idea "t talkm ' to ;ui nn-e.-n leiiiL r ^\'a- ridii-nloti- I" ther '. >..:;ie i.t' t!i. -e trii).-- -re al-o|iitelv \\ a n t i ! i _' in the rein..!, t uj'jro:u-h' - ! nni-ie, and are \\i!re-ep.ee. Yet tht-e l,i-i||'_ r - U-iieVe in a < iod. I- it iti-tinef, .if i'|.- tuition i.f tin Sjiirit !' the Ili_'!ie-r, \\hieh l!l-l!'i;e!- t!|e||| t'> ]''.:]' eVel'V |lle\ [illeal'le ( ii -i C'T< IK e to a Supreme ]' in^ '.' 'llpv l.i lieve that th.-re i- a ( J<"1 : tln-v lo n<.t i;;i< lei -:,;,,] that lh \ Inav aj>j>roaeh him. 1 lie in I--K uiarie- ani'-nj th'- 1'.' ehnana tri!., - and th" < 'atlV- - have jl.iind no idol-, i: li'i- of \\ < 'i'- hi, no raver of anv --ort . 1 he idea < >t an ir .-!( MIL' \\i:h t he -!i'dite-t re-ard f"f it. -.- \: . ". the 'riiirn^- .'t' I.i\ in-j-i"lie hiv !"\\ard - -i;. dry' I...1 ef the \\ . , !,,.],,,. Thi- 1- the '.* !;,- :i'ain.:uid \ rv i^iiMtain remind- tin.- !.. ;'. i. f.i *:ii.:-tone jvrorl- tli.it "ii om of tin* : [!,'- t r ; '!;'!' v. a- a i-ahe !' -a't an ;n- ii and :, '!.. -I - ..f thi- de-, rt, are ] :nv ,. (1,,,-K- of 1 ia'".aii/ wati . I lie rielj WANT AND TKXDKUNI-XS. C'.\ curd produced from the milk of goats is held in high favor, a fit dish lor kinv matters as trilling as ever serve ft Xchokotsa wells, was to mock the thir-t their hitter, nitrate waters could not quench. At Koobe mat- ters wen 1 hardlv more promising; but it was onlv a promise, and might prove worthy. It \vas u drearv picture. There is romance in it viewed from our ensv chairs; but a wide iLt country, over which a whih 1 sultry glare spreads, relieved onK' by herds of scorched zebras and gnu-, with here and thei\ a thirsty bufl'alo standing with famished gaxc bent toward t'ic wells, which oiler to them onlv mud the ree"iit wallow of a huge rhinoceros it is hardlv a landscape to charm an cve- witne-s whose supply of water is spent. The well at Koobe was that rhinoceros wallow. Livingstone paused there fbr water for men and oxen, and looked about on that withered, sweltering scene. They could hardlv clear a space in the dirtv mortar in which the oo/iiiLC beverage mi^lit be culleeted. And there \rcre some days }<* thir-t ^ivat'T than their timid ; 'v held them close about the fascinating -jmt. ]',ut Li\-inu'-'oni wa- no hunter. lie was a nobler tvpe ol' man. There wa- t much of the spirit of Him \vho ^uidcth the sparrow's win^- and lep'deth the ravens to have plea-ure in killing anything. II'.- did -lot scruple to shoot an animal for fbod, but to kill tlierr. <"'! the sport he would not. The kindne^ of l\\< h>-at\ was manifested in the tender sympathy which refused even to pro- 70 M'tXVANA Ti:F.r>. vi'li- niitl'il l< ralo tam'-m-i of tin- In-pl- \vhi.-h -j-nlnTi-'l in i a-v ran_M- ..f tin- \\i-ll. It on.: lit to ! so a!\vav-. Wh.M-v r ;_'n.-- f'i'.li iii i-ivili/ril cr In-atin-n lain!- t-> n-j>r. -i n; < 'hri-t in pp--n(iii;_ r hi- 1:0- JM 1 outrht t U- aniniat'-'l \\i;h hi- \\oiuli-rfiil -piri; ot' t.-mlcrm--. It i- in -I im an to 1- toii-!n 1 ! . y tin- \\ - of a .!_;. It i- ina-- Iiaiiiliioii- to p'-pn-t tin- In !j>!t --in-- of a v,..r;a. <^uit:inu r thi- - < m-, tin- par; v pr. <1 iii>rth\vanl ai-p>-< tin- jT'-at Nt'.M t\\i- pan, am! n -;! uiult-r tin- >haili- of mn 1 of th<- an -a of i-a!--aiV"U- t ilia, \\ i:h it- -Si^li! rat p- : of -nil. Tin- t r- iimlt;-N\h 1. ram-in- tln\- r- -: -I. t hn f- t iVoin tin- -i-ouml, \va- i i.:'i.' \-ii\'.- I'-- I in cirfiunti n nrr. In all tin- f"i - 1 !- ami plain- of tin- ront tin-lit iioihimj cijual- tin- \vomli r in! \ ital i!\ of tin -< lm>\\ana in-.--. I .IN imj-tom- ilf'lan-il that In- "\\onlil l-a'-I-. o!n- o{' tin in a_'aii.-; a tlo/.-u ll-. ..!-." It n..-n ami l a-t - a- v, ln-n H - In a! I \va- linn ami Inaithlnl. It ina\ J ha\.- it- ntu ..(' l.ai'u -trip|"' >}]' vi ar 1''. v-ir, urn! \-iarl>v \iarit -"im -In-u v. . a\ . - ano'.ln co'it ;t:i.i ", r..p- if a':i-\s. '1 h>- llann - i;,av t\\nn- al'oiil r. ami -ar a:.l li!.n-!.<-n r : it \\ill m-t '!:.'. I >i\ Li\ nnj-ton' ti-iil',.- thi! In- -a'.V oin-ulllcll colil ilill-il -J 1'" v. 1 11 LT "1 hll^'.il, i-v. :i :.:':! it ha-1 U n - lit ilov, n, \\ hi!.- it !; ; v .-'. r. ;.!..-. 1 upon tin- .'p.uml. Tii'i'- i- onl\ on.- thimj- t" 1>- ilop.,- \\ !i h t In -in ; that 'I'!;-- na:i\.- -av. t!..- " lijhtnimj- hati-it," .< f iV'-r of ii - -had'-. :\: j'li-.-. t ra\ i-liinj; a f. \v inin-. tin- part\' .-. ! !;' th'- i:i' \ iiai } 1'iii-hlmn \M n- loillnl i: .. -;.- in i-\. ! - v P -\<- < '. l!ian tin n naim -aw' - i:! -.;, uj.o I-.-..- !o !;<.,, ami .l.-Tiu- i,. i t'i ' m!- " i'l-t \ ' i ." ::!' in 'I1J h tin ' !'' < 'J. Hi''. , \}' i", - al'ilinlan! ! v '.', ith v. at< : ; t h.i! I ii,' n -taml t'-r i-oiira'_'i-oi;-. I .-an - 1' . ' ii .. h< ri- MI A ! i i' a 1 1 > iii' nat i \ - i;. h i:-: inj a- i- -. t!i. ir i-i\ il- MlP.VHilir VIMTOK. 71 I/ed visitors. The Bushmen arc more expert in handling their peculiar weapons, because they have had long training; but if it is a question of eoolntss, of quietly approaching a fre.-h strong elephant, the eivili/ed man alwavs a.-tonishe- the native hv his apparent recklessness. Indeed, it seems to hi- the t< -ti- luonv of historv that pure courage is in the ratio of moral '.ulture. Animals lower than man, and savage men, mav 1*; ferocious ; eivili/ed man presents the nohlest models of courage. Spending a Sunday at Maila, our party passed on, to be in- vigorated hv the freshness ami lii'efulness at I'nku. \\ < mav imagine, if we can, the relief. For the dreary barrenness of Koobe, there were now spread all around the tall gr.>s waving in the bree/es like fields o'' golden grain, all the various flowers blooming splendidly, and c'Verywhen; the twittering- ol' bird- kept memorial of the rain which had revived the scene; while the game, independent of mean wells, keeping a goo.] di.-tancc, despised the harmless guns of the invader. Surclv it is alino.-t worth an experience in the desert to have the surprise and de- light of coming again to a world of life and beauty and jov. But it was hot. On the ground the thermometer marked lii-V! The water, on the surface, stood at 1<>O ; dipped from the bot- tom, it was pleasant. This v:as in March, is."). ,. Livingstone had left Kuruman in November, and was now some six hundred miles on his journey, though p:t--!ng mainly through familiar places. Passing on through a den-", bu>hv tra<-t, euttin:: their way with axes, the party wen- suddenlv arrested bv an cneniv ever lurking on the ibot>teps of travellers pas-iii'j through this region: lour of the party were down with lever, which, in three ilays, had sei/ed every one of the party except one J>akwain and Or. Living-tone. While lying in tin- j>lace nur-inLr the sick, one night a hyena appeared in the hi^h gru--. and frightened the oxen so terribly that everv one of them ru-hcd a\vav into the forests. Tlu> trusty -ervant had followed them, and after an absence of several days, with no other guide than his in-tinct, came driving up the whole herd of 1'ortv oxen. The progress now, burdened with the >i<-k atxl annoved with the convales- cent, obliged to cut a wav through the clo>elv Wedded live.-, be came exeeedin^lv laborious; l)ut ti'ood health backed the ncver- fiinching spirit of Livingstone. They were in the l^th degret> oi 5 latitude. The forest.- In-earne more and nioiv formidable. The privilfgv of almost every -tep mn-t l>e paid fur by valiant ser- viiv \\illi tin- axe. The mail Fleming \\a- van farther. Livingstone pre.-.-eil on. The In aw rains hail loaded th<- thick (ullage overhead, and tin- blows <>f the a\e brought a continual shower-bath. Attain they \veiv subje-t-d p> the anii<>yan<-c nf'a -taiujx-dr >!' tin- oxen ; tin- time a li"ii did tin- mi.-ehi<-f. The li<>!> in the re'jinii through which the jartv \va~ im\\ pa---iir^ are held in ;-h-<-k ly the jxu-H.iied aiTi>\\- !!' tin- r>n-hm< it. A- tin- ]Mi-\v th'-ia tn drv in tin ~un. Tl rtl'eet nt' thi- j."i-";i "ii nn n :n:d I a-t- i- alike terril'le. drivii.^ them t'ia |iertl-et iVen/v. The liu-hmen t"ld I >i. Li\ iiiL r -'"i'' rlieii- \\a\- <>t' enrin-_r t'lii- p..i-..M \\a> tn -j;i\e the \\i.iindel in: " the c-iiterpillar it-'-lf, mi\'d \\ilh fat, -a\ iiiL r . the \'-\\a \\aii t fit, and uheii it d"'- in it !;n.l it in the Imdv kill- tlie mai . \ve ^i\.' i; \\hat it \\ant-. and it i- ec.nt'-nt. p..--i!tl\ the. di-pi-d r.ii-hmen mav di-]nite the h"iiei'\'i |nr the ^lnr\ i," I Ium. It \\a- N';_'\\a. 'I h- \ h.-n! ct fueled aen>-- ijuile three hnndred mill- !' di-t n --iirj !\ tlat <-"iin!i-\, i'\ehaie:in-j < 'ii!\ alni"-t in~iltli ralile d -ert* \'< >r alnin-l iinpa--a- !! f"i-' -t-. ea- h in turn i-nlv t\\i nf thn-e timi- ri-lre-he,l li\ anvthinj- like lieaiit\". II"'.'. j"Vnii-K in-\vthe hen. ]..i.ke.i d..\\n !l-i;d ; d \\hit.- rhin>e.p- i!].. ,-. d a- !-- the -laj-- indilV' n-nt!\ a- a 1. !!. \\hd- da:., \ i-a -d 1-M?1 >'...- -..,] :I...Mt 'I'll. t!\ nnd. r the tr. -. Th. >ab 1 b.-.th - n.'d ! 1" I., j.t l\ nature, all ua--o pia'-'fnl. 1 h- v .r, n., I!'. r-i',!v --irr.. uiid'd v.ith \\ild bea-t- ; thefarol tl,.- !i- n -\ i- -.n'int.a!'\ in : h.-ir ir- : 1. \> - and t h- ..riralVe \\I-IT n ']>;\ '!!. \\ i!d' rn- -- ^ a- fal, I'M' a- thv -a: i..- i: "- a-d in"''- ''.-.iMti'M!. '!!P ''P-n L'ra--. LINYAXTI o.v THK CIIOHK. 7 i higher than the wagons; the splendid vines, hanging richly and gracefully among the trees, us it' arranged l>y they were arranged by the hand of (Jod ! Small rivers crossed their way continually. When he reached the Sanshnreh, he met trouble enough t<> dishearten any ordinary man. He was an extraordinary man. This new barrier met them in latitude I8 r ' -1' 27" S., longitude 24 (V 20" K. In vain they sought a ford; they sought caM and west ; everywhere the same deep flood met them as they reached the terminus of the rank undergrowth through which they were splashing in water from ankle-deep to the arm-pits. Everywhere the river was broad and deep ; everywhere thep* was a wall of reeds resisting its approach through an innndatf .1 swamp. Heartily wearied, the bold explorer, with a sing 1 e companion, pushed out a small boat upon the stream, an 1, leaving the wagons, went floating down the stream until be dropped among the astonished inhabitants of a Makololo toM u like one from the clouds. In the boat he had passed the confluent of the river, and was now on the western bank of the C'hobe, in tl e land of friends. By the kindness of these Makololo of Morem ; , they were assisted to bring the oxen and wagons across. This brought them almost upon the route of ISol. It was now th? 2.'>d of May, 1853. They were at Linyanti, the capital of tie Makololo region, among the people of Sebituane. CHAPTER I V. MM: WITK- WITH -KKKi.irrr. Arrival ni I.iny:uiti M:ik"! Th. ir l'.-!i.-y W. l,-..m.- t.. I.ivin^tone h-k. i- til Aim. Ill H...j'i:.ii.-\ \l.i <:.. I, .*. in. -'s iMh.'iiiU 1 . , MII--I. -In- f.^ fW t Tr.i-i.- lli l.al-.r- \!.i-> : . . H, ..- . : I 1 ,. ;ui! > M .vh! n.. - - .hi-:.,-,- l.iviiu'-t"'!' '- -I 'iru.-\ t-.t!,- I:.i '-< 'II,.- S.il :il..n,- tl,.- < ii..i..- Ti,.- I'irly K.M. j.U .!,, -.-W.l.-ttl I. .-.--- (..I],.- Illli- .ilrl II.,!- I'!..- I.,-, llllll.yc - AI..IIH-' .L'-.U! K.i! ;.. i '1 !L- >j-l. n.li'i I;n.-r Hi.- M.ikal.ik.i 'I i.. i.,:itr:i-t - Catt!.- .11. ! \\.ir l:.i|,; i- I'.iiar.i.-i- 1.,!!- \.. M-iiiuu. lit - in Af- i, :i I h.- U:ir->t-x' \'.i'!--\ 1'i-rtility \|..ur,-i- I'lii.i'-liiii'-iit \\ .,r \\.t'..j 'I!,.- lir-t \M,:i. M.ii, ! . t:.. I..-. -l..i N.. j.la.-r f.,r:i M i^i..,, I!,.- tt ,M. -I ,.f all I.in- \.lHll Jljilili 1 "f I.".l!l'i.l >-'f|..lln Tll'-IU'ill- !! -"!il! ,>!, ''Illlit I', if .l"lir- ti.-r \..^ jn'-.-r ! '. !li. 1 ">.; I ',! I"- fr.'iu .IM I'!, j.h.iii! Tin- 1 1 ,|.|, p..I.iinu^ Tii-- --.i,. ry . :, tii.- ( h-K.- Arn\ .il .1! >. -h- k. . Til vr w:i- :i i^n at l:i\- in Linvanti, thai '-'-""I -lav (if Mav. ') lir capital \' tli-' Ma!.'.!"!" lia-1 n< \ - T \\ it in -- 1 -iirli a -i_ r lit. i ii'- \\a'j"ii- \vr<- a J>li ii' 'in- -in t' iii'Ti a-inu: LTi' 1 atii'-~. It -<-'incil Ilk-- tli'- haii'l "f tin- L'i'' al i.itt--iil'- \\.-rll n-afliin^ tlir-m^li the l'.irr; T- "f wil'liTin-" ami ill-tan-'-, ra-i r in ( < .njrat nlat i"ii ami -.varni \\\\\\ ln-'itln-rlv ln\,-. Th- \ Wi-n- L r lal. Tin m-anT trilxx li.nl l..-at.-n l.a-'k tin lijht tr-;n tin- ; imw it \\a- ln'iakiirj l lirmiL'h, ami r.u!nl a (.' "]! na'iv I" ivj..i--r in it- hli -iu^-. Tin- M ,ik. ,l,.lo i: t h- ni"-t ii'irtln in "t t !i- I '< - liiiana-, ami, iimli-r I In- \\ 1-1- ami \\.irlik-- > lut uam-, liail lui-i.im- a j-"U'rtul natnn; tin- "tlnr . li.- ; i. :i - h:nl a'-kimu K 'l_ r i-l tin- _'!> atm-- ! (hi- man. ami :i . .:-!' i inin tin- I". -]..,' \\lii.-h ! In \ |i ai . ! t' . \\ U liln il'l il' ! In -v i, i. i .1- -if -1 L. il'i "i. Tli Mak"l"lu l.a-l i -i u n 1 1 1 -ft -i i I In- \\ Imli- i-.'li.T-. ' '!n- II , <> . 1 it ,r ml' , ami wi-rt- -.-aii'r.-.l i!i:iil\ "\'T t !|. . ' i' 1 1 'in i ui, . i \Sn_r a naim- ami lau - t" tin- t nl"-- aiii"ir_' ..!.".':! tin if iml;\MuiI i-l'-ntitv \\ a- alim--r !-!. Tin- |. ;;? .f. '.!,: h **!..! ' I i in i..n ! -!< ( I in t In- on t I see the white man?" "I>on't I sec the comrade of Sebit- uane?" "Don't I sec the father of Sekeletu? " " We want sleep!" 'MJive your son sleep, mv lord!" Sleep! (juiet ! The people of Sebituane were tired of war. How longingly those who have been combating adversities through dragging years think of tranquil hour.- ! War had been threatening recently ; the people of the lake country, being in possession of guns, had grown very insulting and menacing. The Makololo had heard that "the white people possessed a pot which would burn up anv attacking party." They had heard of cannon. Now they trusted they might obtain that wonderful "jmf." 1 It mav seem singular that a people should deniv cannon that thcv miurht have peace; but it is the improvement in the implements of war which promotes the interests of peace more, perhaps, than anything except the gospel. The consciousness of strength increases our magnanimity. The exhibition of strength secure.-' us respect. IJr a.-.-iduoiisi in their attentions; their presents o/ milk and food burdened 7> MA-SUM HISAM: .> HIKFHTI.TV. the gratitude of tin- -tranter-. Ind-ed, in all wild countries, the simple, childlike, tin- ^rand, t -kin- W.T-- -pr<-,id and tin- choiee-t food provided wilh- 'tut price r e \peet.-d thank.-) the -' r\ iee ot' dntv onlv. In Africa tin- people n--\'-r think of putting a priee on their atten- tions to the -tranter until civili/ittion ti-aeh.-.- them ciipiditv. It i- the letter >(' ( i o. 1 - -!'i-at law of kimliie-- \\ritten on their wild heart.- whi'-h \v>- read in their ready reception <,f the * ranker. It i- the writing out of ( Jod'.- law Uv the dt^iloijuo ot' the devil whieh we read in the - ] li-li ne-~ and -u.-jiicioii which make- a l:\ri;e pait ! civili/atimi a dcx-rt drearier, \<>r the wandering and the \\antin_r. than the -an-l- ot Sahara. The~e ladylike matron-, with t!n-ir .-hoj-t-eiit hair and coat- of .-I'iniiiL' Imtter, onlv p.irllv hidden l.v the .-..it mantle of o.\ li'ile throun o\ er the K.n-e -hoiildi T-, and the o\-hide kilt from \sai-t to kneo, their arm- and ankles adorned \\ith ma--ive ri i 1 ^- of !ra-- and iron, and -tnn_ r - ot lad- o) \ai~ioii- hiu-.i \\ ined al>>'iit their ne.-k-. \s , i . .:il\ ^-lad to \\..n- the ^raee <'l* fr -e attention.- with that L. r i'aee oi j.i-r-oii m \\lneh thev jii'id' 1 tl.em-' 1 Ve-. \<>\i will rememln-r that Ma-niiN-hi-ane had Keen lift the c I'-ttain-lnp ot' t he Makololo. |>nl M a-moehi-aiie \\ a- a u oman. ' ie Makololo \\omeii -ill are pa ioiiatelv fond o|' children. '. II'- !:td\ ehieftaill tl'n d to follo\\ the e\a!llple of the ellief-. aild .li-.-'.-d a niimln-r ot' men \\hoin -he eall.d h-r trir,.i. lint U woiildn t '.\'irk. I h'- \\omen liii-arne aron-ed ajain-t her ; their to!i_'i;, - ,-oi|!d not 1..- eontrol!.-d ; th- ir luti^r -j.e, .-he- and cnn 1 m-iiin iti" n- \\ - ri- inor-- than Ma-lnoehi-aiie cmild < ndure. She l*r--! ' d. !i.- >! ! d, -1 n -jot mad, -he i j n it and YOU ii| -he \s on Id n-il ii. . :ni-t. >!f \\oiild " ha\'e a hn-liand aii'l chil'll'i n and u holil' !.. o'hi-r U-illl'll." "SekelelU iJIII-t ! elll't." S< : ^- -I-. ! ''I -Ni-.d :n tlf -I KM - o| h:- lath' r. 'I hi- N'OIJIPJ- man m- h- i :' d In- i t' !e c - d i /nit v and a nl hori t v, -oiu< o| hi- \\ i-d"in and k Mid IM---. and all o| h - n't >,.,_ ( )| t he-e lal l r he di -t rilniti d tor h.m-' ! '. le v.!- ijn.'. an. \ioiii to f ;i\ ! he m;--ioiiarv an v- LIVINCJSTONK KKI-TSKS T< TltADK. 77 tiling he possessed, l)iit he refused po.-itivelv to read the Rook which taught that men should have only one wife. He mii-i have " ide all water-. There \\as ^rcat nerd of the noblest elements of character \o pn i-emte t ho work of (/hrist in such a eoinmumtv. It was the heart (!' spiritual ignorance it was the verv core of' chaos. Yet there were idea- of' justice, and there was industry and manliness and <[iiite familiar ideas of' beaut v. The wnineM. l'"r instance, admiring themselves in Livingstone's mirror, wcr< entertained (juite -is rrallv as anv citv belle vi>u ever - >.\v. an:l they were ^reatlv mEAS OF JTSTK-E AND HEAVTY. placcncv of the world is tin- "hild of H-lf-i^noranr? aiul blind- miss. The-e women would MIV : ' l< that me'.'"' "What a his; mouth I have ! " " Mv ear- an a- Mi; a.- pumpkin leaves." " I have n> i-liin at all." " 1 would have Int-n pretty, hut am "IM)iltil 1>V the-e llijjll eln <-k-li"in -." "See ln>\\ inv head shoots up in tin- middle.'' Their nn-rrv lau;^ht< r \\itli these jukes .iftorded tl*" over-worked and anxious-hearted mi.-.-ionarv murh amu>cme!)t. The IIII-M ri'|<>ie uf the our, and tliroxv the other with ~iii^nlar f'n-e and e\ai-tnt-> nl' aim Their triined emirate i - 1 1 1 -i .- thnu to dc-pi-e pain and \\ ai'inc v There -tr<- regular < - oiirt~, where, in the M-ttleinent ot the lfrav-r ditli' iilti'-, tin- jin>p<-r delilM-rati'>n and eari- are emplovev hi- u it IH --'--; all par tit- t-!l I li--ir >ti>ri< -, and the eh id' men n-nd'-r thi- d'-'i-i-in, \\hi--h HOIM- dt -ir- t" ^notion. All re>]M-.-t the il'--i-i"II- "t" the ei.nrt. Att.-r -|ieiidiie_ r a month in the lio-pitali]e town of Sekelefu, I >r. L;\'in^-tone \\a- attended l>v tl;al \-oim^ ehiel'iain in a loin noftlivsanl a- !ar a- Naliel.-. the eapital ot' the Ha rot -e eoiinlrv. Tln-ir path lav a!"ii-_r tin- upper hank ofthe ( 'I,,,!,, . 'I'liat iiohl.- n\-r \\ .:\\ it- lortiv-- of ne-l- \va.- on ilu-ir njlit hand. Kverv no\\ and then one of tho-r -ni_Mi!ar ininiatnre mountain- reared liv tip- mtenninalile imlu-trv of the tm\ ant \\a- pa. <1, it.s l>i". id, '_'' nti< , fej-tde -I,,].!- in\itin'_ r the dili^ener M| tin- natives to the eiiitlire of lip i r ( !|oje, -t plallt-. 'I lie I'ieh ti IKl' 'i"U- loaill oil t he ll.it- Let \\ .en ! 1 1 . -e a 1 1 1 - 1 1 I I ! - -II_ r '_ f| -te ; iire-ijii ( - a-> -"i!d I.e. The 'A.I\ MI- feat In r-, the ilan-lih/ ->\ tail-, tin- !la-hv pnn'-. the i-''l tiinie-, the -pi-ar- and r-hield-, and elnl.- and 1. a';!- i\- -, 'hi l.tu-jliter, th'- -hoiit-, tip- ant.liipi- 1" 'iindiiij^ ' . anl -p!a-hin;/ tlir"U.'h llu- pmjd-, all t IM- fofe-t ;!i.'..i! iit.iii! - in thru eiiinni/ forward to \ ; \s the ij. pa-- it i.va- a iini'pie pi' ttj'e :md tui! .(' intefi'-t. An Alvaan . in- I hail t.il.'M iij. tin- _' nror<-h<- eii;h- tivii iiii -lit - lii_ r !i, t'i tin' inaii-tii' IxiUalo, 1""<1 h'i.-mvly and iMtvf-fiillv o\i T tln-i- plain-. Aiu-'ii-j thrill llirn 1 \va> a -JM-I-HS of flantl famoti- \'r it- l>-aii;\'. I;i tin- cn^raviiii; llicrc i- a n-jir- -i\\ at imi i-l' tlii- -jt!'inli\' \\ h- -r iniil-t 1 >r. Liviiiir-i'im- ftirri"-*! <-!ir Icn-U t<> hi> nu-n IM-U< r -jaiur in thnr i-vi-.-. lv l.ir ! tian tlr- !in- -t i'\. Tin- I ,. :t;;ii>\ i- a ~>! ii'lnl >trraiu -i\ litunlrci] \-arl- \\iil.' a mil" in hn-adlh. 1 In- l>mk- on cither .-i'l" \\ere <-|n[li.'il \\itli >p!-ndid !'[(-:-. Th" \vinti-r wind had -haken otl' th" (loral rrown i.f -iimnnT, v> In re the r:iv- of t In- -! tin-_ r -nn l"\"d to lin-jiT la;i -t. a- it tln-v lo\vd it lx-t, ami over the wide Ixiii-jh- i * * i i * i t i t a -jaii/v mantle ot "lian^i-alii" ltp>wn \\a- thrown, thrmi^l, \\hieh e\erv MOW ami then the traveller- had a ulimp-e of the lie-h "!"!! date palm. Soiiift i n n , tin- foi'"-t- \vuiiM oiieii a I I n--tl:n_ r plaee l'r a litth- villas--; tin-n ;ln-ir ilniuinion \\nnlil }><' !" -M!:i"-l a!oii_ r tin- hank- "J i he ri\i r of \shi"!i tln-v ai'e tin- rhi!lr--n ami tin- -]<>rv. lin- jiarf." \\re -^Inliutr a!"ii_' in tin- narrow eam>"- \\hieli Iianllv ili-!nrl.e -i-t"d it, li_;hilv a- \\in.:'d !:.i!ij-. Ili" Makalaka Were MI t In-] r eleim lit . ^laml- lll'_ r if 1 "' i '. Ill the II.HTo\v 1 u >;it -, t he\- p| |ei] their lo|i_', 1 :t h" .if- '.v !' h mateldi -- de\I- rit \ , and r:i"- -1 aloiiiT \\ it h tin- i 1. 1- 1 -..i- ina-t.r-. The Mak,,l..l.i are tln-ir : o!| '!,. l.liid. i.llt th' V tn Millie ..\er tin- ed - ..)' th, -!..-''''IJ- 1 1 -. ; !. - if t In if -hadou - i ii tin v. :i!'T pointed to a -< ] >n ! ' , i -. I ii : -' an:i'i i'- ">' Ali'i'-a a!"'tmd al"n-/ tin- l>anl.- >'.' \\n- ;:!!! -:n .i_'< ,11- 1 1 Uiit< : - . a in 1 t In % - !< ,-f r In- h i ppop. , i n , - ; - a- t !n-ir mn-. 'I h Mn :,re :i | ae. :i!,'i. ]-..{,:.. liny 1 vi no i-attle, tln-r".''"!'" i;o e.inrrn- NO MONTMKNTS JN AFUK A. vcrsy with their neighbors. Nearly all the quarrelling in the country is about cattle. Tin.' tsetse partly, and partly tin -\c ill-sin* to livr i>eaceable, incline these people [<> their chosen handicraft in preference to having herd.-. I)r. Living-tone never knew \var in this whole region except on a cattle 11110- tion, but in a single instance; then the trouble was like that of which old Homer sings a woman. But women are con>id'-red among tin; necessaries of life, so the Manyeti ha/ard war rather than banish all the women. From Katima-molelo northward there is a succession of rapids, lalls and cataracts which make the progress difficult and dangerous. The party were obliged to carry their canoes around some of these places; sometimes more than a mile would thus IK; traversed, bearing their boats on their shoulders. At (lonye tin) main body of the water is collected within about seventy >:mls, and leaps about thirty feet; the entire mass falling against a huge projecting rock, causes a sound which is heard far away. r \ here are various traditions of sudden death to hapless travcl- li rs floating about this spot, lint whatever has been, there are n ) memorials more substantial than the imperfect traditions. r j here is nothing in all these wilds to commemorate the past ; tl te dead are rarely spoken or'; there are no monuments in all .Africa; u the very rocks are illiterate; '' hidden in them art- no curious shapes and characters, nothing to interest or tempt the U'tentions of science as in other rocks. About the 1<] S. latitude the party entered the true Barotse \alley. The Ibrests fall back gradually from the banks of the river, until they arc only seen acro-s the fringe of reeds and a flat, fertile tract .-ome twenty mile- apart. Like the valley of the Nile, this valley is subject to an annual overflow from the river, which winds along its centre. The villages of the ]>arotse, built on artificial mounds, dot the whole expanse, and sit there like leeming i-lands while the water.- of the overflow spread around them. The people love their homes beside the splendid stream a home where " hunger never come-. ]>ut comfortable though the.-e poor people think they are. like all of this wild country this noble valley is waiting for the hand of intelligence to find its real treasures. In one of these I>arot.e towns Livingstone witnessed a specimen of Makololo authority O 4> S2 WAU AVKI:TF.I> nv LIVISOSTOXE. \\hich was painful indeed. It \\ a.- tin- town where the father of a man lived \vh<> h:il eon-pi red t" deprive SekeletU of the .chicftain>hip after the death of Scbitnane. This man and an- other who had c.iun-elled the con-piracv were taken on the arrival of S kel.-tu ami t. .! int.. the river. The remon- uranei- .f the il.M-t.tr w-re of no avail. Sekeletu (filly calmly an-\\eivd him: " YOU -4 < we an- .-till !'>'< r-; we are not taught." Hut Living-tone wa- more Micce-.-ful in averting a war upon the Mamliari. to wh-e fortified town they c-aine. The feeling ot' tin Makololo \va~ verv Kitt.-r a^ain.-t them. '1 hey had Ixvn Kitim.it. -lv a--"-iati-d \\ith the < .n.-|>irator :i^ain.-t St-keletu, and liuf marauding un their neigh- 1 !-. Thi-ir eitv \\a- 1'nil o|'ihe~e j>o..r slavi"-gangs. The plan ':' til'- ehi'-f \va- to -tarve tli'- l' -rtre>s out. Livingstone, .-how- i:i_' th- m that th'- lir-t and ^i---:ii-.-t MiiU-rer- in that ca>e \\oiild .-la\ i -. linallv 1' -I them a\\av and avwrted a erm 1 re\.-n_'<-. Il U:L- a part of the eon-taut aim and ellort of Liv- in^-loiie \" hrin_' th'- native- .if the country through which In: pa-- d t" !ve ].. a<-e ami enilirai-'- a creed of kindness. Anr. Living>tunr that ih' r.- ii.id ii'-ver I'.-.-n a \\iiite man in that P-j-ion he for.- he and Mr. < > A '1 \\.-re at S-hituaiie*-, in ]>.")!. Though he met -onie halt -a-! ri.rtujii'--'- at tin- time, tin v had coine into tin- e..un- t rv 1 v. n \.u- at;, r t li<- \-i-it of him-elf and < >-\\ 11 in 1 >.M . It i- pr:>ao!.' that no \\lnte man ha*! e\-.-r lieeii - tai' in!' the .f riii- AlVi'-an e,,nt:n>-iil l-l'if-. H i- eve-; wen looking ie-- -M'a !!_", woiid'-rlul tlinrj- l'>r lh- \\..rld, and it ua- r . ;.!'- lir-t -_'liinp-.- of t h. in. :.' i:. -- ..f S.-l.i-l. ; n pi-"vid'-d attendant-, and th'-mi-- !iai y .;it ;nii'-d hi- |onrii' \' -.'in-- ih-faii'-e ln-\.i|id Nali'-le " 'hi'-f. 'I'll-- li. tald of S-kel. til. tllollL'h, matle till.' trai! '' . r\ \ ,!!a-." an :i!l'a;r.'f pnin-. !v d ijmt \ 1\- rim- i/ 1:1 : \:in''- "t t!i' part\-. \-. .. -ill-rat in j-, " I I< P - in i!itC'-lner ion ; tli.- pact\- faf'd on the fat THK WILDEST OF ALL. $r, of the land, and enjoyed nil the respect (< be desired. Th<- public meetings were attended readily, the people h.-;u'd with (juietness, and the lx>st decorum was observed in all the - rvio -. Beyond the 14 S. latitude the forests converged until thev east their shadows upon the river again, and the pariv pa-~e<| along U'tween the; stately tri'es and clinging vines a- I'.ir a- !:: eonflnenee of tin; Leeba. But nowhere eoidd be li.iiii'l a .-). >[ exempt from the poisonous atmosphere so antagonistic.- to lualth. The dest in v of Livingstone was more t-han 0,11 iet teaching; Providence had ii hand to open Africa bv this man. lie was allowed to find no home. The regions through which he had passed were fertile to rankness. The inhabitants were the nio-t thorough! v ignorant. and wild of any people he had seen. The forests and plain- were filled with every variety of animal and beast. At Libonta lie counted eighty-one buffaloes pass slowlv belore his lire. The roar of the lioii was continuous and loud. Kvervthintr, animate and inanimate, was wild and mon.-trons. On returning to Xaliele Livingstone rejoined Sekdetu, enjov- ing the adulations of his subjects, who did all thev couM to charm the young chief in his first visit to their borders. The dance which constituted their principal entertainment wa- in- deed a strange and grotes([iie performance, admirably appro- priate to a mad-house. The nearlv naked men, .-landing in a circle, brandi>h their clubs and battle-axes, while thev stamp first the right then the left foot, all moving together in this artistic performance; while their wild, indescribable contortions of countenance and body conspired, with the interminable and demoniacal laughter, to drive one almost eraxv with perplexitv and eonfiision. Thev consider it " verv nice," and Sckel.-tu "gives them an ox for dancing for him : " so light-heartedness and hunger are oddlv joined in the sjiirit of the scene. The women have only a very unimportant pan in the performance. Surrounding the circle, thev dap their hands continually, onlv now and then venturing to slip into the midst of the men, cut a few capers, and retire to the observant and applauding pla\\- helplessly he looked up to the great Master out of the midst of these poor degraded SlJ PREPARATION FOR JOfKNKY TO I.O.VNDA. m:t-~-c- ! Their (lancing, roaring, -injjiii'j:, j^tin<;, grumbling, li^litiiiir ami numlering were the wild e\pre ions of their de- gradation, and thev rani; in his cars continually like the crv of the lo-t, like an tiiKiuisciotis praver for help, lit- sti floret 1 kei-nlv, hut more than ever was ns<>lved to "pen Africa ti the i'ull liirht of tin- truth which tone. A man more ea-ilv di-coiira'_ r - ti'in lrt:ii duties demanding >iu i h expo-nrcand exertion. 'I IHTP N\:I- no wavering in the In-art <>t' llii- man. lie lilt that lie mu-t ta'-i- death vt-ry deliherately. It \va- paintnllv impressed "ii him that a lonelv di-~olution in wild fire-t-. \siih onlv heathen attendants, \\a~ <|iiit'- pmltalile ; Inn he reasoned, " It \M- -r\-i- (|.1 at all it mu-t l>e done in a manlv \\-.\\~. ' He l>:uii-hed all (' ar- and lirae.d him-t-lt' to "-ijii-e.il nr peri-h." N'lthiii'j- i- mope ti>uehin:_ p than the j.i.-' nn- . .(' t lii- _'! at man, :i!'er ; ',] <-\ in_' -erinii-lv \\ t !i>- dan_ r - r- < -t' t he und- rtak in^ !" t'-r'- him. -;;tni_ r down in the rude hut "1 a -av:r_ r e and ,(' hi- !iu!e .fuj-e, :i:,d ], j'r him t'r. e t> e.|iii|i him-elt' for the '"II'/ j'-UMI'-V. 1!-' e1|| ;o|l- pade)' will 1 )e ple.'1-ed to 1< JIOW OUTFIT FOR JoriENKY. what sort of outfit an explorer of Midi wilds find-, important. There an- all sorts of tilings represented 1., he indi-pcnsihle, hut Livingstone was too inured to privations and hanUhips tu trouhlc himself much about softening the bed which he wa.i called to lie on. In his own language, he was satisfied "that if he did not succeed it would not be lor want of 'knick-knacks/ but from want of pluck." The rillc and double-barrelled <_ r nn for himself, and the; three muskets for his people, were depended on to provide the necessarv food, and, had onlv tin* supplement of about forty shillings worth of beads, carried for barter. A few small packages of the more important articles of food for civil- i/.ed life, such as cofl'ee and tea, a limited quant it v of elothinc, left room for the more important things essential to obtaining an accurate knowledge of the count rv. A -extant, a chronometer watch, a compass, a thermometer, and a small telescope wen- his stock of instruments. The onlv books he carried were a '' Nau- tical Almanac," "Thomson's Logarithm Tables," and a Bib'e. A small tent for his house, with a sheepskin mantle and houx->- rug for furniture, and lastlv his magic lantern. His attendants were twcntv-scven men, belonging to the different tribes a :- knowledging the Makololo authority. Thus attended and equipped, the traveller left the town of Linvanti on the llth of November, 1S").>, to embark on the Chobe. The purpose of good was the strength of his heart; the results were with (Jod. Approaching the river from Linyanti the partv traversed a portion of the countrv where Livingstone and Oswell had been three years before. Thev j)assed through the wild where Mr. Oswell had nearly Jo-t his life on that occasion. This gentleman had followed an elephant into the dtMise thornv growth which borders the river, when suddenly he discovered the monster had turned about, and was rushing madly upon him. Vainly the hunter tried to force his trem- bling horse through the thicket : there was ( >nly a moment, when he was dashed to the ground bv the frightened creature as it bounded aside. It seemed impossible that he should not he instantly crushed beneath the feet of the tremendous assailant. who passed over him in the instant. The escape was marvellous. It is only a glimpse of the perils of the place, perils which must be hazarded everywhere in this strange wild land. g3 THK The river on which tin- slender ranovs were launched was a IKJOF exchange for tin- lair of the lion and tin- tramp of the elephant. It entertained an < neiuy a- dreadful a- either. The /iip|M>|Mtamu- i- not p-nerallv a hold a ailant <>t' man, hut \vhere tlien- are a- maiiv a- inte-t thi- -trcam it i- hardlv po--i- l>le to avoid contact with him. The tinv boat- mav at anv moment -j-lide into the inid-t ofa sleeping herd, and be suddenlv d:L-h'-d t.. piece.-. JJe.-ide- tin-re are alwav- certain individuals of the -jMfies lurking alxillt in Imielv I-hiiiaeli!i-h an^er which -pap- no living tiling. 1 he hip]M)|x)taiuus, tlniii >ln>rt le-js, hardlv lif'tin^ it- Ix-llv from the ground, cut- otl' it~ height ; it- Ixxlv i>- larjjf a- that of the eh -pliant . It-- liiiL'e inutith opens like a cave, and i- fur- n-i.-hed with ma -ive. fright In 1 teeth, formidable enemie-. to the t f rowiii'_ r ^rniin and lnckle-> lioatman. It is strietlv jjrepiriou< in it- hahit.-, and do/in^ la/ilv through thedav (jiiit- it> river haunt.- at niirht in -eareh of' (ooil. Sometime- it exhibits a jHM-nliarlv happv mood, -purtin^ like a luainnmth kitten in the vieldini; element. At other time- th- e\-il -pii'it ri-e- and it bit- and kick- -nlleidv a- a demon. ( )ii.-e an airjrv m< nil-cr of the race pur-lied the attendant- of' Livingstone far awav tu-k- in th' !'_- of' native- \vho had barelv e-.-aped a horrid death. It- thick hide i- a formidable shield, even against the -harp, h'-avv lance- of the coiintrv. lint it- tlc-h i- healthful a. id very highly c-t^-med f..r f..,,d. The ( 'hobe, from Linvanti to it- confluence \\ ith the I,eeam- bve. i- e\e, ,.,liii_r| v toffuoii-, and though deep and wide ofl'er- but -mall temptation to navigation. Manv village- are pa--ed "ii i'- b'ink-. AM "f tin m were ivadv \\ith the -up| he- \\lneh had IH en order--.! by Sekeletu tn IM- in \\ ait in-..' for I >r. Livm- -!"!ie. 'I i.e bank- are liijh and crowned v. ith manv lo(t\ ?P'--, uho-e branch.- t-mpt the travell'T \\ith their | ndant o'l'ernr_'- < ! van. .'j- f r n:t -. At t!ie confluence ,,f the river- the partv -pent a ni^lit on the i-!and Mpana. and. turning uji the L.-cambye, landed at S->hcke wn the I'.'rh (,}' November. CIIAPTKK V. TO HALONDA. 8*heke Sekch-tu's I'nlii-y- Mi-^i'inary \Vnrk Wanting in HfliijiiHH I 11 tics i >f M i-Monary Tin 1 l.iviiuiliyr -l!i|>|>'>|>tutni Mr. < 'uininiii 1 .''- A'h <-n- lurr l,ivin:.'Moiir's Mra "I l.i'ii- Anil'TM'ii Li. in ( 'uiit'ii-nl- - l-'r\i-r- 1'r.i- traclftl I'liui'lcninr NYws- I.iviir_M'>nr's \Vi.-c Plan (.ilmnta- Icaili tiy .1 I. inn Tin' < 'amp - < '<>"!< and I.anmlry Work Humanity of l.ivinir-loiif. Hi-yonil I.il ta- -('(.,], | Maiit-nk..'- I>r. ^ I-'CVCT, Kain. Ilun'jvr -I>ark Forf>ts Delays Invitation at la-t Mnlii-i i.; Clianns A S.il.li.-r Mal.m.Ia Fa-liimis Full r//dn-> of Halun.Ia J.a-ly - liali UP la ( ifiitlfinun II cail-ilress Salutations Maiifiiko'^ Kiiulno-. SKSIII-:KH l>y the [.ccaniliyc "tlic \vhite s;iii(l-l);uil^i:u)t^al)^. Its lar^c population was roprcsontati' c of the Makololo dominion. All the conquered trilxs \vc v represented there. Kaeh f them had its own head-ma i. though, dl' cour-e. thev all reco^ni/.ed the hiuher authority < t' Sekeletii. 1 here \vei - e little things, however, eonstantlv occur- ring, as there were all thridi^h hi- country, which indicated that the yon n^ chief had ""t 'he i-e^ard of the peojlc which they had been j^lad to cherish tor his lather. 'There was a u'rcat ditfer- enee. Sebitnane had be.-n a wise man. and under him the various tribes had been held p'ntlv and linnly. Ib 1 was fully informed of the minutest details in the u'overn incut of' the yarioii- tribc^, and made the under chief- love and fear him alike. Sekeletn was not like him : the petty chid- >oon Ibund out hi- inattention and incapacity. The father, with old Roman policy. obliterated all distinctions, and made hi- subjugated province- a part of' his country ; hi- subjects became his children. Sekeletii revived the Makololo pride, and n.-placcd the in-i^nia of int'T- ioritv on the tribe-. The-e tribes bo^an to hate him, while they wrre fearing him le-^ and less. The people would >ome- time.s defy the decisions, of the loeal chiefs, with impunity. An d ^i MIS>IONAI:Y \V wa- sns|Mvtetl was Ixmiul anl e\po-i-d in tin- -corehin^ sun until he -li"uld make restitu- tion ( .r pav tin- line. Tin- mother of thi- voim^ man sei/.ed a hoc, and, L r "ini: t" licr MU, thtfUU'netl t" kill anvldv who -huuld iiit<-rti !< ; and havinj; rtit the cord- led him away to her 1 1 oin !. All Moriant.-ane could do was to -end \\ ord to Sekeletn. So tin- matter ended. '1 In- rein- of ^oVfrnnifiit wnv liau^iuj; loo-i-lv. Tin- lawlos >jiirit i~ in hnniaii naiurc; thr dij^litt'st toleration of it i^ the tiuv crrvirc in nuthoritv ihroii^h wliirli in iiu-xliaustililc i'ountain -end- it- Mnall-'-i tn-ain ; a -treaiu which will \v-ar and widen and deepen until -ji-jantic reKellioii lifeak- u]i the foundation- of' jo\-crniueiit and Kcar- th'-ni, hcl|- le--l\- M-:ittcr'd. on it- mi^iiiv, ra_ r clul -urf'ace. 'I'he hi-torv nf the \\ild trilie- i- a ininiaiun- hi-torv of the wide world. The law of eaii-e ;ind etl'ect i- ;il>-c,iutc mid univer.-al. The diligent ( 'liri.-tiau find- \\-ork in everv place. Liviu^- -l"He wa- iniincdiaieK en;_ r :i_:< d in tcaeliinjr the people of Se- -heke ; ;md -Ucli w:t- the re-jieci \\hji h he uluav- in-pircd, -itch wa- the honor in which In- \\a- hcl.l, that there wa- no trutilile in 'jatheriiiu - vera! hundred- of tin -e poof h< -at In n to ht ar hi- ir.t-si-^e from the ^r< at < 'hi- -f of all, the "Kini: of kinu-." Th'ir temple \\-a- Kv the river; the -hade an " oin-prcadin^ c;.nicl-tliorn tree." Ilo\\ -\\ . etlv -u^j-e-tivc wa- e\-erv l>oiii_di of thi- liol.le tr-e, \\hile he I'd^llled the | i|'ol i;il M 1 i t \" that one like it furni-hed I he t iml>< r of \\ Inch the A rk of the ( 'o \ eiiant was mad"! No wonder the heari ofihe mi ionary wa> overflowing uiih confidence in '.' Ind'-'d, I ,i\ iirj-Join- \\a- -o full of tend- me-- and 'h.ii it v, -o un\\ illinj: to -ee or rev-al th- lileini-he- >| other*, that h.- hardlv dra\v- the curtain -!i)'i"i nlly on the moral condi- ti..n r.f \!ri<-a. Hi- o\\n elevati d pnritv tnrn-d a\say troin the -a.Mi:int . -on -nption al'oiit him \\itli -1!-!:! pity. I ! only -ay that th iv i- corruption, th.it t!,, r- i- -' ''.'.!, and, cr\ in^ to the w ,,iM for help, \\oj-k- on \\jth the i.- r::y of d< -vol ion, almo-t region was the habit of paying speeial attention to the new moon. This was watched for with all eagerness, and its lir.-t appearance 1 was hailed with loud acclamations and pravers. Even the attendants of Livingstone were accustomed to invoke the favor of the new moon on them and their nuuter during their journey. The duties of a faithful Christian teacher, though found most largely in presenting the gospel and seeking the immediate sal- vation of souls, have yet a range which comprehends all the well-being of man. It is not a reproach if a minister is instru- mental in reforming society or government. It is not out of place for him to strike oil' any yoke of oppression which galls the necks of the people. It is not a mean service which intro- duce* svstems and regulations that bring order and peace to the community. Those unobtrusive elforts of Dr. Livingstone, which left their results intenvrought with the heathen code-, were among the most difficult and telling of his works. Thos-e examples and conversations, which left their imprc>sions, in- definitely even, on African sneietv, are the unrecorded but imperishable testimonies to his .-incerity and real greatness. The idea of compromise in times of dispute, of men-v to the offender; thoughts of internal improvement and commerce ; new methods of reward and punishment ; all the varietv of matters which a wise and intelligent Christian would think of in -urh :\ community, opened a Held which this truly great man was 92 J.KKAMIIYK IN SIMMS*:. gladlv ilisj*>.-<-l to enter, and in which hi- -insular influenofc will liii'jt r through all tin- opening hi-torv oj' that continent. The journey up the rivir fp.::i Se-h.ke\\a- a'.on^ the same Kplendid I ,-eani!>\ u hieh we mention. -d in a firiner chapter. The broad -nrt'ae,-, the rapid- and \\ild f.i!!- \\t-r . >f course, the. same, o:ilv the d'-ep lirnwn hue- of \\mi.r had vi.-hled to tho ^or._,,.,, u , -iimmer. The thick _'p-eii f-lia^e of the maje-tir tree- \\a- varied and enriched bv a wonderful wealth ot' fruit, while strange, lar_ r e flower- "f peculiar lieantv \\.-re I'vrrywhcru lil-.e j. \vel- in the \vrdiire. '1 he tiip--t- \\.re full of bird.-. 1 he p'litl >in-_r lo\-e- had tin ir ne-i- ju-t o\--r the ni-hinir, roar- i:t_T t.-rr.-Mt-. The Ibi-. ju-t like t hi -< \\ hi- it In Id old l''i_ r yp t:a:i bn-a-t" in -acred au'<-. and found tin ir ImTionil Craves PI .-ta:- !v io!.i!>-. wa- -inin_ r in it- wonted i-o]at:on on the bap. 1 j> -iiit- ot' -oine withcp-d. bp.l^cn, braii'-hl- -- trunk. Tl e -:ii-_ r u!ar little " hainiiii-rin^ iron mi'_ r ht ! - . n -ittin^ on the ba< k ot ill. hid'-oii- crn-odile, or jn r< h-d m-:dc hi< cavenioi s jaw-, fjuietlv picking the mon-t.-r'- t'-'-th. The (inv, ro^ui-'i pai'rot Nsa- tla-hiii'_ r about in the -unniv- like a living finenl I ui:h \\ in_'- oj' u r old, -lii"-kin_r tin- ear\si;h a \ oi.-,- i hat -.-enic| to 1..- d. -liberate mock. TV of the eye's d.-li-ht. Tin- vari-n- -ji.i-!'- of IJ-hiiiLT bird- and nainele-- -oni'-Ier- of rare hii. - \\.-r-- al'.sa\- pre-riit, \\hile rv.-rv no\\ and then a moii-t.-r a;.._ r afor i-ame -p!a-hni'_r Irom hi- -unnv perch into the -tr.atn, or -Mine unlortuiinte ^uana on a pro|i-eiin^ boii_ r h fell a vi'-nm t" Hi" ! ad\ -iM-ar of a nati\'i . and dro|ipinUull. The animal connueneed plunging furiously round and round in a fivn/v of agonv ; u second hall only increased her misery and 1'urv. Anxious to bring his game nearer the land, .Mr. ('umming then threw oil' his heavier clothing and plunged into the \\ater, and armed only with a long knife rushed upon the beast ; sei/ing her short tail he vainlv trieo! to steer her landward. The tail was a poor rudder; cutting a slit in the .-trong hide, he found a securer hold, and ultimately brought the huge behemoth to the shore, when it required the full strength of a brace of splendid oxen to land her. She measured, bv his account, live full feet a(H'os,s the bodv. Floating along this stream the interminable roar of the lion forces that animal on our thoughts continually, and not unfretjuently his majestic form, pacing through the neighboring brush and matted reeds, excite, .s the deepest interest. It is barely possible that the great explorer whom we arc follow- ing through these wildernesses was hardly the man to rightly estimate this, or any of the ferocious monsters of the land. Livingstone was not a hunter; while not wanting in skill or courage to meet lions or elephants, he had no delight in the field. I(is mi-sion was with men; his lesson must be one of kindness; he must inculcate a loftv moral courage; necessarily almost, his habits of thought and life taught him indilTerence to all that was purely animal ; he could not appreciate the leaimvs in these wild creatures which filled other men with awe and wonder, lie, for instance, oiilv thought of the lion as the ^reat dog of the forest ; he could discover no majesty in his roar, no special dignity in his bearing. He was quick to perceive what- ever was gentle and loving and intelligent, but the sterner, wilder, cruel features did not impress him as they would men generally; and though he mav have been correct in his estimate of the li"n'- courage measured bv hi- loi'ty standard, it cer- tainlv posJe -f-- a *"/7 ot' courage whieli ha- made all sportsmen think of lion-hunting as. perhap-. the mo-t serious of all the delights ot' wilderness lil'e. It require- the ^realist coo!ii'-> and skill, when once a lion is wounded and thoroughly a? : y ; every moment is preciou-. Mr. Anderson, in hi- " \\ ;!=!- ot Africa," narrates an incident in which his want of experience 4 THE LION (X)NFrsEn. was hanllv atone*! for !y hi- superior emirate even. Thr wliich lie pnr-ueil had taken refuse, as u-ual, in a densely thick juii'^l*'. wlit-re onlv hi- horriMe growling indicated his ioeality. Tlic \vrv f--w feet of reed- completely enncfalfd tin- lair. Vainly -triviii'j to provoke tin- lion to advance, tin- hunter at last ventured ii]i>ii tin- initiators jmMvedings inm-elf l>y attempting to force hi- wav through the \\all, when -iiddenlv he entered a comiuiralivclv open -pace, ami met the l>la/ing eves of the en raired animal li\cn-ei. iii-ne that hi- lile \S:L- hanllv hi- own. This >u _r,_r,.,[- ;l -;n_ r nlar iiiet n > t>nled of the linn ; he i- -aid to niani- ftr-t eonl';j-iii!i and -hallie \\he|| on ail\' aee..|inl he overleap- hi- mark ->r i:,i--e- hi- olij.-ct, and i- never known l" rejM-al the a- ault "!i -ii'-h oei-a-iiin-, mile-- foni-d t" d<> > in ^elf-protfc- tion ; fre.jiji n;!\' he ha- Keen -een t-i pan-e alt< r >n-|i a liliindcr, and, i-eturuiiij- |iiiet!v tt - p i-.tref'tillv thi- di-tam-e to that \\heiv hi- intende|iei't l'\ t h' Mal.'ii' ilo pei i j ile ; t ||eV ^1'eat 1 V j ip 1 I" t<> eliet .|| | ih-T tip- laii' 1 "- and :i\'-, 'T L r "n-, e\en, of men. and, uhile they an' eajer t" re-.-nt tli-- ~li_'lite-i in-ult of a iiei^hl irniL r tnlte with hi... -dv u a;-, th" v are in mortal dread of invading tin- dominions of tlis- niarin_ r . prowliiiiT mdi\ idiial. Thet'ever-, '., hi.h had h'-jnn ihrirwork .-mne time 1> (ore, \\eie |,|-i \ inj -;i!l on ihe eiier^ie- of I , i \ i 1 1 ^- 1 o n ; all a 1 o n :: ihr jo'irn. \ from Si--!n LI- !). \\a- tortured l-\ 'In- inuard tii-, and t!. ]'!.,! aeeomniodat inn- n| hi- "-amp made the m^ht- a ! ' i- i l.n!- l.:t ! !: id :! \..:i." Notiiin^ i- pn tlji r in kind UNWELCOME NEWS. flf, ness than unconsciousness. A truly generous deed, done o naturally that the dependent one hardly knows it, is l>enev<>- lence. It is a pity that, with their progress in other matters, men progress so nipidlv in appreciation of thcm.-elves and the intimate of their own works. At Nameta very unwelcome news was waiting for Dr. Liv- ingstone. An nnele of Sekeletn, named Mpololo, who inaiii- tained a sort of ascendency in the Barotse valley, under a >pirit of revenge for some former wrong, had sanctioned a foray of a Makololo party, headed bv one Leriino, into the territory ot the Jld/oiida. Lerimo had destroyed several Balonda town-, and taken a number of the subjects ol'an under chief named Ma-ik prisoners. This invasion of the territory on which Living-tone was about entering, by the tribe with which he was .-o nearly associated, and which was furnishing his guides and e.-eort, rendered his situation exceedingly unpleasant, particularly as the desolated towns lay along the very route which he inu-'t follow. Sekelctu had been careful to guard against any su< h embarrassments of his guest and his father's friend, by issuing po.-itive orders on the subject, prohibiting all such foravs, and Mpololo had transgressed his orders. This, however, did not make the matter botter. At Litofe, a lew miles higher up, there was news of a fresh foray, which had to be disbanded bv sending a messenger in advance of the party. On reaching the to\Tii of Sekeletn's mother, where Mpololo was, tin' mi.-sionarv required them to place the prisoners \v ho had been taken bv Lerimo in his charge to be returned to Ma-iko, as a proof of his friendship and as an evidence, too, that the whole responsihilitv of the invasion lav with a pettv chiet' who would be held accountable by his master. Bv this means this wise and patient man was able to avert probably a cruel war. Mpololo wa- par- tictilarlv generous of the propertv he had in charge, and fill' .1 all the orders of Sekeletn for the partv with a good irrace : so that Livingstone left Naliele in possession of fifteen fine o\en. eight of which were for riding purj)oses, the others for slau^ht' r or presents as occasion mi^ht rei|iiire. Thev \vere at Lii>ont:i. the border town ot' the Makololo, on the 17th ot' iVecmber. During the delay which was necessarv at "Lihonta the doctor luul abundant iuple. He had verv little re^ird \<cca- Mnii. t<> I*- a pnx-< of " charming <>\\<- wiruti!i~illv, while he in utewed in vapnn in <_Teat ileinani] aiil lmnleiier tin- -jK-ar ami knit'e <>r eluli nm-t \\ih-r and l-nli. Il \ia- an unlilekv dav for one |nM.r lillou, \\ln> \\a- !>ri>nirli! h-'iiie \\ith the Imiie of hi- thiL'h eni-hed. M\'I-II the white man'- ehanus were illiet \\mind." It i- ^em-rallv iill<>wed 1- ' a L r r--a! il-al < >\' -! i(i^hiir_ r and di-'-harje, and it'niie i- -o Inr- (; Had- a- (n e~eajie \\itli lil'e. tlie injiii'v llillnu- him all ihrmi'jh Ii ' in jf|-i"lii-al pain- almin the wounded par!. P.. }!:. t'pl!M\\inu r niir hem away I'rnin the |n\ , i\ vall--v nt'the lUr"f-.-. "ii hi- (ramp t< the -.-a, \s'e \\ill l""l\ _iu-( nne.' nn (he h tii'- !] ni^liiK' inipri'vi-ed alniiir the lank- nt'lhe !i.\ ( !\ !.,,-- ,r il.vi . It i- tn In- feineinheCiHl that, while hi- |>arl\ an- all lij.i-(- ..f S keletu, inlv twti are real lv M:ik"lnl". '1'ln-re are i pp--eii(afive-. nt' -everal siilii'-<-t i!'il-. '1 In- little c;iinp pre- - p.t- a!! ill'- "I'd' T n)' larjJI'C "lie- III fe^lnll- 111'"!''' eld l^llli'l led, \\!,'!--- human t'->e- demand (he viu'daiiee. A lilth- -j-vp-\ t< nl "n the tv'." (rn-tv Mak"l"I". \\h-i have tin- p"-i "!' h"ii..r. n:i 1 !,..'! hi- pn i-inii- lil- in -a- r- d t ru-t . Al>u' tii'-nairnw !! ' l,.,\., t'rni a ',\a!l. A'T ih" enlraiiee ih. l.i;iiilul I.-.:' I I' -:i' :n:in, M"-hanana. i- l\ nr_ r , hi- "'AII l"iy i\'ii tn t'.i'-i '!. '} .. h'-'h \ i"l'-ii'-'- iiui-t jia-- thrnii_di t" r> :i' h h:.i h .!!. \' r .ii; (hi- i' ni tic- riid-- I'l'M-h -h'd . anaiiL'-d in h : rip-. iii-irk (!(> r--( in_r -p.laei - !' (h-- aM.-ndanli. -i para 1 . d a- !":/ '.. 'h. ;r (riln -. \\" ii hin t h- if.-tmil'i n-nef "! I h ,-!. ' !: . 1 1 ai - 1 a IM i i ir.; ; a IP 1 -ninet iini -, I urk in-., r in the -i..td'i-A - "t" :!. '!'-. ih'i- i- a -( althv hea-l !' pr- \ ; In- AM) LAUM)UY-.MAII>S. 1)7 glassy eyes may IK; se id degraded continent. The barbarous people will hardly s! niggle toward a higher life whose customs are readilv aban- doned, like the hues of the chameleon, lor the demands of a new !t i-alitv. The affairs of every -day life, like eating and dressing, a, e the most striking features of civilization in the eves of the uncivilized, and about these their wonder and respect bc^in ; to el ange or abandon these is to break the young tendrils of their confidence or admiration, and cancel all claims on their disciple- si iip. It is worth while for all who think of' venturing on a lite- work in savage lands to remember that such a man a> David Livingstone records his testimony, that "it is questionable whether a descent to barbarous ways ever elevate- a man in the eves of a savage. And is there a question whether Christianity is mure a loser than gainer bv the coming down of Christians to join in the doubtful avocations and delights of a worldly societv '.' " The almost singular humanity of Dr. Livingstone, which shines out >o beaut if'ullv in all his career, comes strikin^lv into notice in his own journal of events occurring a >hort di-tance above Libonta. They had halted and sent some messengers oil' to the west, charged with the duty of returning some of the ijS HfMAXITY AND O>rHA<;K. captivts to Makoma. Tin- scene wa- one whieli would have tilled tin- heart of ('nmininir <>r Anderson "r Harris with >an- ^uinarv delight. H -r< 1- nf splendid animal- \\ere fet-din^ on evcrv -iil. HI- -a\ - lit- could ca-ilv have L r "tt<'ii within fifty yards of them ; ''Ut he add- : " Then- I lav, lonkin.j at Ix-amit'id poku-, 1'i-h'-. and th\ tin-in awav. 1 li-lt a l'Hil't ami the aiitclnjMs <_[[ tin- Ix-m-tit \ it." l-]vt-n when he was driven to u-c liis^un in providing intnl, this ml>lf man \\a- ahvav- -tiiilviiiLT t< tin. {]>], pain. The prin^nsss up the river lieyond Lihonta \va.-< -l"\v r and more toil-Mine, l>.-eaii-e a divi>inii of the partv had to follow aloii-j on the lain! \\n!i the oxen, and it \va.-a trvm^ path m- ile. -d, it' path it mav le ealled. \\ hi'-li needed to be iijH-nitl almost i-verv foot in -om.- part- of it !>v the a\e. Thev \ven- not oiilv leaving tli' lovi-lv valN-v. liiit the emjiire of the children of Sehitnane t'-r the untried |>alonda. It i- -o natural fir the reader to heroine ali-orlied in the .-train:'' -uiT"iindiii'_ r - of an -.\plorer ; hi- novel experience- an . <-o full of inlere-t, that the man himself is hardlv appreeiati-d a- he -hoiild he. It i- peciiliai-K' -o in tracing the -t<-p- of I M . Living-tone. He move- a!otr_ r so <|iiiet lv, calliii-.: .-> litt le allen- tion to him-elf, that "lie almo-t for^i-t- the inealeiilaMe toil and >ii !l> rin_ r of -ij.-h loii_ r and tedioti- marches through an unknown land. And every interview ;md \ ran-act i-.n with the native chi'-l'- 1- toM -o -illlp!\ , -o de\,,]d of :1 H ] pre-e||tali"Il.- of' the dilliciiltie- :md p. I'll- \\hieh atlcnd-d it, that one i- tempt'-d ( c) f !_" -t that it i- r.-a!!\' the hi-t<>rv of a -in-!'- alnio-t d- ti-neele-- ni in d'-.-iIinj \\irh liarlianni- ehi. |'- in their own \\ild f"|-tr --> -. \\ are partieularlv -truck with th-- l..ft\- moral coiira'_'c of L;vm_'-:one. \\lii-n we find him l-o!dl\ repr.ivin^ the--- ehi-'f-. and I'IMO-I dl'tatin.' to them their duti* ~. He ..eeim-d t" h:i\' no id> .1 I. in ti,.,t i-i_'h' and truth rnu-t prevail, and e\hiliited a! i- -lu'e |i arl'---ni--- and eonlide'i.-e \\ hi!.- eoii-cj. nee eh-ar in his devotion t the-e. Alnio-t (he fir-t aet \\ithin the I'.al'.nda h-.i-'l. r- \va- to -. n,| ignite a - v n- r- Inike t-. M.-.-ilv |'.,r allow- in_' the -ah- ..f hi- p. ,,j,]e iur-, -lavery. It i- trn.- hi- me a-_'e wa- artend'-d l coim-cl is alwavs peace, his example always kindness, his conduct always calm and his spirit bold. This Masiko, to whom he sent his messengers from the con- fluence of the Leeba and .Leeambye, was not really a Balonda man, though reckoned now with the Balonda chiefs. He was ~ the son of Santnrn, the former chief of the Barot.se. Jle had established himself bevond the Makololo authority, and gathered about him such of the Barotse as would share his fortunes. lie was included now in the number of tribes which recogni/e the paramount authority of Matiamoo. This explanation is due to the people generally who bear the name of Balonda ; because, while they are more or less cursed by the visits of the Mambari, the popular sentiment denounces the slave trade, and the people were often expressing their envy of the Makololo, their exemption from its sorrows and degradation. From the confluence the route toward Loanda led away from the main branch along the Black Leeba, which is described a.- flowing through a region where nature has turned artist and di>po-ed of trees and shrubs and rivulets and vines and ilowers in true garden beantv ; where even the lowlv banks are terraced as ivu'tilarlv as if to j (lease a fastidious human taste. The whole seem- is gentler than along the Leeambye. The Balonda arrows have taught their forest subjects caution, their traps and snaiv.- liave intimidated the birds, and even the fi.-h are lewer, and the crocodile has learned the tear of' man. The banks of the Leeba are waiting for the botanist, and oiler a rich harvest. Amon^ the trees rejoicing the traveller's eye with their wealth of hlo.-- poms was one so like the hawthorn in (lower-, fruit and fra- grance that the sweete.-t memories of other times and dearn 1 scenes swept over the heart of the wanderer. Food wa- nt .--> easilv provided now as aloiiu 1 the Leeambvc. The VHUUL: men wore doublv interested in a butlalo hunt. Dr. Living-tone held 10O TIIUKK LIONS AND A WFFAIX"). thi. aniinul in rather higher e-ieem than tin* commonly Kin'j of bea-t>. Ib- o.nld not bin ! imjuv>Mil bv the rapid, n>i-tlr>s rhariru of this |>o\vrful animal. His Makololo com- panion-. \vh.i manife-t a -!<-inn he-iian.-v in di-pntin^ the rij^lit- of thf lin, li'H.'W al"!!.: the Imllalo trail ran-lr.->iv enough. He i- a f"e \s li'ini they uii.l.-i --land ; our i'r \\hieh tiit-v mav be |>n'p:trtl. It i- rather singular \ ob-rrve in \\\\~ ^n-at luiulx'rin^ inon.;cr th" .-aim- <-nniiin ^ nnl a\ <>r- \ clnlc th' jinr-ii'-r- \vhi<*h ta^. It i.-> trtJf, hi\v.-vt-r, lhat tin- biiflalo .b-i-rv<- tin- .-aiur .-hiftini: ainl tunnn_ r , "![ n il"nl'lni'j <>n i!- trai'k, and fn-tjiii-nilv coiKfalin^; it -'-If \vithin a t'-u \ :iril~ of t IK- startii)ir-joiiit. \\ In n, lio\\ i-vcr, it IH-I-,.III'- n-ally tI-sjM-nit' t ami (im - 'l.t-liinj; \\iili n--Ulr.^ iinjM-tii'i-itv i)ji'i!i it- :i-< ailani, ii i- tin- IJIMI- tor rithcr >|>ii-ial jip.\\.--- <-r -;n--i;il |i|':i\ !-. 'I lti~ I- tin- ini'lilrlit \vlnn t!ir iiati\'i- '!--\!< ri'v i- exhibited im-t admirably. .In~! at tin- in-tan: \'. ii--n he -<-eni- t !" a \'ie!im, and the bi-hlder ahno-t >< i - '-ai!i- IM t'-ri'"i', the \(.iiip_ r man L'hde.- a-ide and -tal- h;~ ei i-[ii\ p V'-rv mni'li after tlic fashion in :i Sjiani^h I'lill-li^ht. M a\ \ ard'iii, \\ lii -liai'ed eon-ideralilv t IM -JH .n inir I-XIM rience- i'f M r. <>-v. !!. ineiiti.iM- \\it!p in^ a lijii! bi't\\in a bii:}:(!o aid i!iv-" !u!i _T"\\n li"ii--. I In- ^i-iith-mi-n nient mued \\iiv iirr-iiii' ' the lni:]'a!i.. \\hii-h th-v had \\"iindd, and \\*r>- in I full -i-jht "l" i:. uli-n thi-\' -aw the lii.n- -prin- fi-'iu their lair ar d aM.i'-! v him. 'I IP- -jnetaelc \\a- aufn!. Fa-!< niii'j t!n-ir n, -_'htv f.-. ih in th.- llank- and -h"iilder- of th.- I Millal' .. t he t ii'ei- t ;-. :ii>-:id"il- h> .n- eniihl I .e .-<-eii i-\e|-[ MIL: all 1 1 j'ir 1 ear fid -Iri-iijtli t'idraj himdoun, \\inle their an_'i'\ 'ji - i>\\i- mingled \\ith hi- a_"iin/'-il and lui':"H- b- II 1 >\\ inj. and h:- 'jijant).- h'.in i and - f nij_'l>- \\hefe ania/iii_ r and a'.vful. Il I- ini|"--i b!e ; " ''.I h'.u i he -iiiL r nlar :md niii'i|iial e.>iite-t \\'.nld have .ltd- d !'ii' f-.r t In- ! rn-t\ rill- - "!' i he hunter-, \\ I M> fenninai- d (li- - " l'a_'-in_- a braei- i.f li..n- and th- liinlal-- in :-i..-ut \\ " HE IS A MKUMAN." , () . mined to press on without having seen this ladv. Tin- rains and almost continuous levers were wearing sidlv on the natur- aliv vigorous man, and he 1'elt deeply anxion> to advam-r ;i> expeditioiisly as pos-ible. At the confluence of the Lccba and the Makondo they found tniees of the Manikin merchants. These cntcrpri-ing mm arc Kitislied to hold their valuable trade with the interior wilds, and feel under no obligation to enlighten their cu-tomer- cin- cernin^ the world beyond the rivers which bound their domin- ions. They represent the white men as dwelling in the sea, These representations of the Mambari explain the almost r>-o- lute confidence of the Bahmda in the belief that Living-tone was none other than a merman. Indeed, the hair of Living- stone was the greatest curiosity. They could account for the deeper siiades of their complexion, because he flowed them the ciT'eet of the sun and weather in bronxing his own hands and face, while the skin of his breast, tmexposed, remained perfectly white. But the hair thev had never .-ecu straight hair. It must be, thev reasoned ; " he comes out of the sea. The wav .-s have washed his hair straight. lie is a merman." These people arc 1 sadly superstitious; in this they are unlike the more southern tribes, who, it will be remembered, nuni i- i'ested hardlv anything of the sort. Thev employ every variccv of charms, and everywhere there are evidences of their idol worship. Alter the failure to accomplish an interview with Manenko, the party advanced as lar as a village over which an aunt of that lady, named Xyamoana, wielded the .-eeptre. It was rather a new tiling under the African siin to be in the power of the women ; but Dr. Livingstone deported himself as uTacious'y as thoiiii'h he had been an experienced attendant of the sex. The u'ood ladv who did him the honors now was bent on having him turn aside from the Leeba and allow her people to conduct him to her brother, who was the invate-t chief in all that part of IV.ilonda. It was no use to urge the desirableness of river transportation. Her head was set. and just in the mid-t of the controversy she \\-as reinforced by the unexpected arrival of Manenko. The odds were against him, and the great explorer, who had cut his way through forests and carried hi.- oint li>2 NnNHlJSTf MK AND I.OKHSHJI'. npiit)5t chief*, yielded the eoiitrover-v to two women, and began preparations fir an awful march through -warnp< and Hood-. A- Manenko a>-umed to dip-et tin- ex|n-dition, and require-; 11- t follow her maj--tic leader-hi|> tor manv da\ -, we will take time tor her acquaintance. She i- de-cnlx-d a- tall, .-trapping and twentv. She wa- nio-t ekibomtelv arraved in a coating of pd ochre ; onlv that and " nothing more," nn!c-- the -trand- of ornament.- and medicine charm- aU.ut her n-i k mav bee-ailed clothing. The iinn-cii-tiime, which -he prideil hei>elf on, was intendeil to teach her people to de-pis* 1 anything; etl'emmate. Indeed, the whole linlonda jeople arc -in^nlarlv nej^lip-nt of clothin:: ; the women part ictilarlv -eldoin \\ear an\ thini_ r but ornaments, and are .^TII everywhere in frightful nuditv. The men are hanlly \\[< r arraveil. and -eem equally fond of orna- ment.-. The nio-t prevalent in-i'jnia of wealth and po-ition <--.n-i-t in the rin'j- \\hich are unrn about the ankle-. Sonic chief- put on -o manv that thev \\alk \\ith eon-iderable diHi- ei Itv, and are fop-cd to k.-.-p their ti-ct tar apart. And tho- ( - L'entlenien \\ ho ar d--iroii- to ap|i> -ar important are often noticed a umin-j the diilidilt trait of their better-. When I .ivinir-tone -Miiled at -eein-j- one of th'-e gentlemen walking a- it' hi- limb* Mere burd'-nel, \\hen P-allv there \\-ep- onlv one or two -mall rinj- to be -e. n, on.- of' tin- people remarked, " '1 hat i- the wav thev -how >'}' their lord-hip in the-e part-." l-'rorn tin- \iila_'e of \\ainoana, the partv Wcp- to abandon the .-in' M- and -ti'il.e out into the tore-t- ; and the prepanition* n -. -i--arilv oeeiipi'-d -oine da\ -. part idilarl v a- the -elf-willed Maneiil.o |.r.-. r\ed a nio-t de-potic indifference to the impa- tienee of her L f ue-t, and look In r o\vn tune a.- well a- her own m-thod- in the matter. It \\a- e\e,-edinirlv trviiiLT to Li\in^- rfoiie, pdll'-ed to the nieail'-f diet, and exposed to (hi- ll|o-t in- ! in- nt u ealh' r, to be ;irp--ted |.\ tin- petticoat s_" >\-i rnnient ; b:i! 'he da:l\' -ite power to render the weary and sick explorer comfortable. It was not in her power to yield her will, perhaps; that is a hard tiling (or men to do, and more than should lx- expected of her. With the morning of January llth the delay ended. The journey lav first across a succcs.-ioji of forests and lawns, where the largest evergreens were exchanged for the richest carpet** of green grass. The singular little army marched gallantly along through the driving rain the queenly Manenko in advance, in her coat of red grease, the picture of inde- pendence. And she led the partv at a right good pace, and so steadily that thev were rejoiced when she would finally allow them to rest. The Makololo, who were as unaccustomed to such leadership as Dr. Livingstone, were lull of admiration for this phenomenon in that line, and declared that Manenko was " n soldier:' It is the custom in the Ralonda country for the men to carry their arms, and wherever our party pitched their tent they were surrounded l>v numbers of ferocious-looking individuals with short swords and quivers of the wickedest-looking iron- headed arrows. Thev did not receive the same attentions, how- ever, which had cheered their way through the Makololo tribes, and found none of the ready hospitality which made them almost careless of supplies. The missionary was made to add hunger to the record of hardships. Fever, rain, hunger, day after day, tells a story of painful sacrifice, and the gentleness, the faith and perseverance which could not be overcome, tell of singular greatness and God's upholding. The houses are the ordinary huts, but they are unlike the homes farther south, in being surrounded by strong palisades, as if designed to be fort- resses in case of war. War does not spare the enlightened or benighted : it is everywhere. The trees of the forests along this route were of the finest proportions, such as would almost turn the head of a lumberman; but they suggest no ideas of wealth or greater comfort to the rude men who shoot their arrows o among their branches or stalk the game in their deep shadows. The gloomy depths of these forests seem to east a shadow on the spirits of the dark beings who dwell in them ; charms and medicines are found in most unexpected places, and idols are more numerous as the forests deepen. The idols of Balonda 104 INVITATION AT I.A.-T. take various -ha]*--; ; an- tin 1 im>-t uncouth romvivable speci- mens of art. Sum- are intended to repiv-ent animuU ami others htiinaii head- ; hut h;i.-te or careh-.-.-ne -onietinie- .-ati>- fies itself by -t-t tint: up a crooked -tick, !!',. r,- which t<> IK>\\ in wop-hip. Kven tin- tree- arc pn-^-ed into tin- - r\ ice, :nir manioc laid .-ut it- trunk. Tin- jircvaiiinir -ujM-r-! iti..n c;i-t- it- protrction ovi^r propcrlv ; tlict't i- -cliloni licanl <>! ; a iritliiii: cliarin ! tin- \rlnte man could enter the t''\\n of' Shinto, he \\a- obli::' -I to end u re the delav of 1 a te.li.iii- interchange of ine>sai;es between the f, male ina-tcr of' procecdiiijjs and her loj-dlv tincl -. Livinu-t"" 1 ' ^a~ v \ed li\ tin- d.-lay, becaii-e he was onK - then finding out a \er\- imp-. riant leatnre of' I'.al.'iida eivilitv, indeed we mav -av of' African civi'iiv. In the Mah"l..!. coiin;rv he had IM.II ptve ( -ded l.v the inc eiiLTer- of' Sekel, t u, and found tip- \ il!a_ r . r- al'.\av- expeetiir^ lo ni'eive him ; here, however, the ea-e wa- ditlcrent, and he had fret jiientlv fright - ened wliole coniiniinitie- l.v In- -ndileti a]>pearanci- in jh'ir inid-t, Ite-lde- the |I|e,,n\-.-nieI|ee of' 1 1] 1 - - 1 11 'J tile -I|p|ilie- \\lliell lie -o much neede. Living-tone -\a- call,-, I on to i-eiid- r the dil!v-dal!\ ill- Man. nkn turned out a _- 1 - ho.,1 t., him, and eontributil \ < rv nni' h t.i the fae.lity "t j, ; - j , , 1 1 ; p tra\el- and plea-ant intercour-e ui'l; the in!,. -. \\hf-n the invitation at la-t eamo from Shinte the t.artv FULL r.V-IMMXS. Id") advanced gladly, and upon a small vallrv of wonderful U-aiuv it broke upon their eyes, weary of the deep -hado'.vs of tin wood, like a fiiirv picture. Gently meandering along the verv centre of the valley \vas :i beautiful stream, and a little rivul't c'line in from the west. There was the town, embowered in the splendid tropical trees whose broad leaves lapping and woven formed a splendid canopy, and everywhere in the arbor-like grove the banana \vas seen, drooping its tempting fruit ju.-t over the heads of the people. You remember the singular liechnanu abhorrence of straight lines: evervthing, vou remember, wa- erooked j their huts were round, their streets were tortuou-. The square houses and straight streets of the town of Shinte were a delightful change. The-e streets and huts, too, were thronging with strange sights. The remarkable povcrtv of clothing in use in Balonda has been mentioned, but it mu-t not be understood that this is because of the povertv of the people, or their greater ignorance as compared with their more -out hern neighbors. It is simply fashion, and you know then.' i- no disputing on that subject: fashion is fashion. There mav be a fashion of going undressed or drosed. The former is the llalonda fashion. The skill which confines itself to the adorn- ment of the ankles and head is there displayed in mo-t remarkable manner. Their otherwise pleasant feature- arc distorted bv the pieces of reed which thev thrust through the septum of the nose. The hair is woven in a great varietv of patterns: the more common appearance is that of horn.- like a buffalo; sometimes there is only a single horn protruding in front. One of the most remarkable styles is almost .-tartling to the uninitiated beholder: the hair is woven into a great num- ber of strands ; these are all so arranged as to stand out from the head, and are fastened at their extivmitie- to a hoop of light wood, so that the face appears at a little di.-ta'.uv a- it' set in a painful sarcasm on the nimbus with which the head.- of saints are surrounded. The men are a little more conformed to our idea- of deemcv. in that they wear aprons of' beautifully tanned .-kin.-; and tin ir wealth of woollv hair enable- them to rival their -able lu-i!c- in its awful arrangement. l>oth men and women are ea^er for all articles of foreign manufacture j particularly are thev r<>\vtou.s Jitf, HIXK)I> HKLATIONS. of the bright elothes whieh an- -ometime- e\po-ed to their view, and IIK ii or women think them-elve- splendidly attired if they cau j^et a few fet of -ueh an artielr to wnip a!><>ut the neek or bodv. Then- i- mtieh regard paid to -alutations and the form- iiii; nf Jnend-hip-. Parties approaching e;irh other an- expected to -te COll- -ideri d -<>, eai-ri-- a -ort rea-t, e\hil>il- ii t' the p<-r-..n \\liom hf aee. i-t- ; t!i- n. -!' "'jin_ r d'>wn, plaei-; fir-t one die. k then th- . !!!! '>:i tli- ^r'unil, t!ie i:n-antime clapping hi- hand- }\ I'nlK In manv ri -JH-<-I- the p, ..;,!.- (> f I>;ih>nda \\on ji-c:iil\- on tl e :ipprifi:ition .(' Livin^-t'iiie. Their kindne and manline-- a'.d p"!:t' ;i -- \\,-r<- ni-Te :i]ipareiit a- lie ln-cniuc Ketter ae ipiainteil \\i;li t!i-ir cii-t.-m-. Hi- ladv eaptain lui-ied hei - M'lt IH>',V III IMiil'e WOlliaillv .lll!!e-, mid \\:i- Ijlllte a--ldll"ll- t I providing -ti< !i t'd a- the ,j,,, ;,,r e.mld tat. and pr\ed In r-e! n<> le-- a ^i-ntle liiend than a li"!d e-enrt. l''rieiid-lnp- anion_ r tiie Ilalonda i- a i:,:Ut--r o{ 'j^val imp"rtame, and i- -ealed wit.i a Il)"-t -"lelu'i eerelU'iUV. Tile pal'tie- \\lin haVe II-Tecd t" lie- eoine partieiilar (riend- -it down In'titm^ caeh other; lH--i|e eaeh i- plac-i-d a etip of lie. r. \\ ith a -harp knife -h'jht L r a.*ln- are then ma'ie in the c!a-].ed hand-, the pit of the -tomaeh. the ri_'ht rliM-k and the f.-n-head of ra<-h. A Made of irra i- then j.ie--ed 1'V eaeh into hi- >v. n Wniind-, and the l>lod i- \\a-hed tr-im the 'ji'a-- in the I Her. I he parties then e\ehanu r e the up-, -o tint ae!i -hall drink tin- other'- M 1. At'i-r thi- eTein..nv ''"eamit'iil ( 'oiintry Tin- I.otemli 1 a Katema Keeeption -Provisions Pn-M-ntcd -\Vi--doni x (iiven- \ Man Demanded 8ii-kness of Livingstone Mutiny in his Camp Its Cur - Men Repent The l^uan^o at La.*-t--P>ashan:_ r e's Tax Cypriano di Alinn ' K indness I'ortiiLruese Possessions Sweet Sleep Air_ r els. Ox the inoniini^ of Jaiiuai'y ITtli the spacious kotla cf Shinte's town presented its grandest appearance. The kotli, we inav remark, is an open space commonly reserved in tlie towns ot'tliis part of Africa for purposes of puhlic interer-t, and renders service as temple, council chamber, or dancing hall, as occasion inav demand. The throne oi' the chief was under the broad leaves o! a splendid banyan tree, which seemed almost conscious of its dignity in spreading a eanopv over a chieftain's head. Shinto was arrayed in his best. The checked jacket ami kilt of bai/e were aided bv a crown of woven beads and a waving bunch of feathers. Just behind the chief wore seated a hundred women, and nearly a thousand men were ranged in the broad circumference of the place. The guests advanced into the kotla escorted bv the subject lord of the matron captain of the wilderness march, who ap- proached Shinte first, followed by Manenko's people, who did the national obeisance' in style. Dr. Livingstone WM- seated under the hanvan. which furnished a broad shade, liu-ii:^ the chief. Then came the representatives of all the section- of the 107 1MMVATK TALK- WITH >HIMK. ti'U>--, wli-i -alut.-d their ehi.-f and r--tinii-d th.-ir pla 1 >-. After tin--,-, di-: in-jni-hi-d men did him r-v> -rene. , nil>l>in^ llu-ir hr-ri-:.- and arm- with white j.o\\.l.-r. Th< n. -i;dd nlv. a h>>-t of -oldii-r*, liur-tiiip; t'r-'in c-t.n.i aim. nt. ni-!..d \\i!d!v toward Livin_ r -t"iii and hi- ni'-n, hrandi-hin^ tln-ir -w,rd- and -h"iit- iii-^ like deiiinii- ; wh'>, haviir_ r te-ted the c. .ura-j.- '' tlnir vi-itor tn rh--ir -a' :-fa.-t ; .n, n tin-d. Th-- andiemt- \\a- ii"W njwutil hv tin- lm-i>and t' Manrnko, \\h", '.n an . 'alwirale -jMtvh, d<. land the lti-(ofv and purj...-.- nt' ! !.' .*. iiile man, w lii"!i. lioWrVrr. lt<- <, .n-id ! - d n ;v li- -, and ,_r]-, .iind.-d Ir- app.-al in li;- In-half entir- Iv :i th. _ !. ri.-itv .f rh.- Uaii-iida and >hin:.-'- hal'itnal hinhi'---. Alt-r him the -at men all had t h- ir tall,-, int.-r-p. -r- -d 1 .\ I !: - >n-- . .{' t he \\MIIH-II and rnroiira^'il l>v their ajiplaii-e. I'llfilli: all till- V. hile the tAjil"!', !' -at .jlli' '! 1 V all'! -MrVeVe.l t 1 .- novel -e,-ne, and at th>- cl.i-e Shinte ar-e and r.:ir> d .\i:li . . in-'-i'.ii- di'jnitv, and the niiiltittid. di-p, r-> d j>. !" !.-t a^ain in ' he ordinarv afl'tir- 't' lit'.-. Afj--r the pnlili.- n-efptii-n. \\hi.-h \\ :l - r.-iillv only a di-p!.i\ !' !it'-rtainm> :it , c.-rtainK' ''!)' in uliieh t!i' ',';-it.'r \\.i- n!v a -p-.-!a!'ir. ! .:\ '. ir_ r -t.iii'- \\ a- inviti-d tVe- j'i'-'it !v I" .-":it' r .\ith "^hin'e in private, and r.,-,i\,d nianv t-\pn--io:i- "t'hi- re^ard a? id nj' li:- -< mpar h v \\ i' h t he pi!'-p. .-, - of :he , \ p. di;i, >n. I'M' ne _''' a' I-!, mi-h -p:!' d th. ":h'r,\i-,- pi. a-ant eharai-! \-.-. :>.nd ni-_diilv -"\T:\~ . -n ft '.f th.-ir ehildr- n nnd.-r i-oVi r ..f th>- :. Liviii^-!on- thr. v\ hi- inlln. :L a_-i:n-: the . d trad--, I,. it it wa- .-nlv th.- v..;.v ..f on- ma'i. ^^ . ;r vi- -' ;!!. i!'!-' aii;h'.i if v. Ti,.- i nji-fi. ,\- -, ,-j'd n--! i>r-- MAs, when they an- torn so 'rruelly awav bv the wieked hand of a trade whieh merits their devoiitest curses! What more plain- tive cry can find the ear of (Jod than "O mother!" whi>pend sobbingly in the deep, detruding prison-house of bondage? ^ hat more disastrous blight can rest on the life of man than a mother's prayer for vengeance against him who robs her of her child? These people are poorly supplied wiih game, and their na- tional diet of manioc has provoked nir anathemas of manv an African traveller, lor it is found all over the continent. '1 hev are industrious, though, and intelligent. I>ut while there are gods manv and superstition without measure, the people must lie watched, for with their fears the doubtful gr-.icc of thieving is quite developed ; and while thev are specimen:? of absolute honesty if then 1 are signs of a charm about, or if the blind eves ,f some rude deity guards the treasure, they are conscience clear to take all thev can find if thev can dodge the medicines and the deities. The iHTiu'ie lantern produced quite an exciteinenl in Shime's town. The first picture exhibited was that of Abraham ol]i ring his soii. The picture, lai'u'e as Hfi' and brought out vividly, produced a threat effect, and the story filled their untutored minds with wonder and delight; but when at last tin- dagger was seen moving toward Isaac, the women were wild with fright and dashed awav as if for lite. Shiiue himself' was charmed, and was deeplv interested in examining the instrument. The greatest trial to whieh Or. Livingstone was sub]. < M>A. he wa- fully convinced of the threat fertility of the soil, ami it* adaptation t<- the eu-tmu- and inten-t> of eivih/ed lite. It max U- that the^e va-t plain- and fore- 1. s are to Income the .-toiv- hou.-- of the world. There wa- a time when our \\otcrn con- tinent wa- a- h->|M -le-.-lv !*! lighted, and otl'ered a- .-mall attrae- tin- to the old world, as Afri<~a oiler*, now. The time.- are in God'- hand : the future i.- wide and rich in po--ihilitu-s. After -jM-ndine alxmt ten davs with Shint. , tin travelling partv picked uj) their po>-->-ioii- and re-unied their tramp. Aiming the industries which \vere noticed, a.- the jiartv pa--.-d alon<; the lovdv vallev, were certain native iron work-, tor which the ore i^ obtained in a ranee of -pl< ndid hill- clothed in vcrduro which wall the vallev on tin- ea-t. Indeed it i- a matter of d.-ep interot that thi- continent, although -o little known, ha-, alretdv reveal.il -n<-h an abundance ol iron a- merit- tin 1 ..-rioii- con-ideratitui of the world; and the native-, thmi'jh Uiitniitietl to think of inaniifaeinre a- a mean- of income i r venue, have -till acquired much -kill in subjecting thi- un- sightly and linwieldv tna-ui'.- t" their convenience. '1 he Man \.-ti, it mav I..- r.-ni. inl> i .-.1, w ho \\ mi the di-til)c(ioil ol' " pirat. if the Lee.imbv. ," wefe -ki'lul aril/an- in iron; and in Angola, in l.a-i-rn Al'rii-.i L;> n-ralU. indeehinte now wed n|| t ! .'il-t ol January, 'lie route lav aero-- a plain not I.-.-- than t-.Nentv mile- broad, and travelled -mne da\ - where rain-water :i\ in-- w a* -landing from -i\ inehe- to -mne feet in depth. lint t i'Hi_'h all tin- feji'.n, a- indicated on tin- map-, i- \\ondertnllv l.ii'.i'1'd \>\ -i ream- which conlnbute to the '/real river which lio\\ - aw av aero-- t he coniinent, there -< em t" be no tbuntaiii", Inbutarie- of the. jr. at n, -\-er-fail in- < 'hob- jro\\ nj ( amid !,,- !,_'- ,,| the \ a-t -"akinj plain-. <'j..--iiiL' the Lokahieje. thi- party eiieniintered tin old fri. nd> - ninioii ..n tin- river- ..(' the | i. , hnana- and Maklol.- th- 1 li!p|H.|M.tami which A'-it---! tin- hope that tin- plain- and w U Would -.-.n a ;a;n | .--- the attraction- of animal lite and ii:i": ' I - in. inn - oi meat. A CHARMING HOME. Ill At the village of one Soana Molopo, they were a littl troubled through the guide who had been scut on from Shinto, who made it his business to excite in every chief's mind tin: ex- |>ectation of valuable gift* from the traveller. At the home of a >ubject of Ivatcma, Livingstone enjoye whole villages and towns to be abandoned at the mo-t unex- pected moment ; within one week or month the town where a traveller was entertained mo-t hospitably, which was teeminir with happy people, he mav find desolate, abandoned, dreaded, :'iid avoided even by the path, which has been changed. A tjiie-- t'on finds the explanation in the d< ath of some chief man. Thi- suggests a feature of lialonda superstition which present-; a serious barrier to the gospel. While these people believe in (Jod, and seem to reoognixe the immortality of the soul, thcv se-em almost incapable of a single idea nf' heaven. Thevonlv think of the dead as lingering about the familiar scene-; of earth. Thev seem painfully conscious of' their nearness. Tln-v cannot think of another world. Their ignorance holds them in a con- stant bondage of tear ; thev think of the departed as vindictive, of their gods as full of vengeance, of' their charm- a> s ing some unknown evil. Indeed in all heathen land- ther painful ignorance of love, and hardly wonderful either, only the poor sinful hearts mn.-t suggest their ideals or inter- 11J POWKK OF I.OVK. jirvt the thinp. which fiir. It i- thi- \vearine>s of the dread- lu I whirl) make- the heathen cateh -o ea-j' rl\ at the ftatemeni ot IrixC* An it i- -> ne\v, -< retn--hiir_ r . lUfati.-e he is l^ove. he i- th>- more r<-adily enthroned in the l-.n^ dormant uii'evtion.s and faith ot' the p.. .pie ju-t cotniiii: I" the li^lit. It i- not the U>timiiv ot 1 >r. Livui;r*tiie oiilv, hut of all \vlio have lalnired for the enlightenment and eonvt-r-ion of the heath, n. that noth- ing tthieh e.-ui he -aid arr.-t- the atteiiti..n -o .jnieUv and hold- it -o -tro'ijls a- the -t..ry .,f the cross. It i- all idle t<> >_", alniiit pulling d'u n the idol- : \\e mi-d oidv -et ii|> the crucified ( )n- ov.-r a_'ain-t ih.-m. and tliev -hall fill ot' them-elves. out of tin- relaxing tear- and confidence which have heeii hani-lled hv the ._'.K.diie-- and \\oii hv the love of the true and '_ r raei..u-. lllt'-llle-e. the 'Jllide llirili-lied I >V Sllillte, i n '. 'a-i' 'II' ~> 1 tile partV no little d'-lav h\ lii- | >. ttv -f iihhornne-- and -trat- ;jie-, \\ !neh he pra-'ti-ed in ord< r to prolong th' -ir -tav within t!ie Uuitidarie- .! Ir- e..intni--:..n a- -jnide. h.-eaii-e he f.nnd that po-n;..n a !at |ilae- owinj to the liiM-ral ordi r- of hi- ina-ter. It \\a-apie-. ot' tiii- -trate_'\- \vhieh 1. d lii- eliarL'e apart from the pr 'p. route f.. \\ard the t'.un ( ,f Katenia to that of h:- ta! h< r-m-!a\ . Thi- _'! i T !e!nan \\a- named (^tieiiilciulc. a line ..Id man a- i; tnrn-d out. and one\\hu entertained thejn over a Snndav \\ith n a! K indn and plea-nre. !h had ju-l r-inriieil t'n.m a fnii'ral o|' one of hi- je.,p!e ivln-n the vi-itor- arrived. KI-W thiiiL 1 - in -:i\a-e lite are o|' more -insular inti-n-l than the eereinonie- of hunal. I li- r. id. T mav re-vill very -injular en-tom- nt <-. -riam Indian-, v. ith u ho-- !, '.hit- n,"-! of t IP m are m< -\'< <>r \>-~ tain: liar. I h." Mnnd-in-, f-.r in-' m<---. take the h-dv of I IP ir d' ad. and ha\ in^' r!,,'h' d it in hi- !-- rol..- and .-rn-np nt-. f:irni-h i: '^ ;th inan\ n h. .'. !:-. !u!! v in -ot't \\i-t hid . pla-e t h- pi- i-u- hnrdi-n on -i *,,:.' ! -...,, t'. t |ii_'h. In tin- eoiir- !' tiim- th- -eal'i.I.I f!'!'- ; h. -n ! !> r- 1 i! ;. - a--emh!. -and hnr\ t h- r- main-. \> - pt 1 1 : , -I!]']- 1 1, ; 1 1 | ,'a. . i .;i 'in i . .ni:d. '\ !i' ! ' t h- I ' at ' p> 1'- li.-ip- t h'lrid: d -! : : !i a -i r- -1- . a! ! h-.-kiirj' iii'-\ard. \i".nt th"- p! f e .,f t ! '.-;'!- t',. -.- ..nr- n aP- oft- : -. . n. -irin.: \\ illi th.'- u- r!. f ..- !...:r- - t ' a t ; , . h -Mi-/ in t!" ir I . U3 these skulls in their anus and lie down talking a.- if t<> a living cliilil, until they fall asleep. The Simix, of whom wo hear so much, wrap their dead in skins and lodge in the brunches of trees; never forgetting to place a wooden dish near the head, that the friend may quench his thirst in the long journey lie is supposed to have begun. Among the 1'atagonians the dead are frequently reduced to skeletons before burial, and an- washed and arrayed in new clothing once a year. The. bodies, while being prepared, are laid on platforms and guarded by the relatives, who, dressed in long robes, strike the ground eontinnally with spears or staves, and keep up a mournful -oug to drive away the spirits, who thev fear arc unfriendly to the dead. The Dahomaus, with all their erueltv and carelessness of human life, always hold an inquest over the dead, because, pcr- haps, the king reserves it as his privilege to do all the killing. If the inquest finds the man to have died a natural death, his friends are allowed to begin their mourning, during which they mav not wash, but mav eat and drink to intemperance if they ])lease. When the collin is readv the body is clothed in the best attire and furnished with a complete outfit for a change when he reaches the spirit land, and the burial takes place. The Bechnanas, among whom Livingstone spent the earlier years in Africa, begin the funeral service before death has really occurred. As soon as the relatives of a sick man are satisfied that his end is near they throw a mat or skin over him, and draw it together until the poor creature i< forced into a crouch- ing posture, with tlu 1 arms bent, the head l:o\ved and the chin upon the knee-. In this agoni/tng portion the la>t >park of life is allowed to expire. The bodv is then borne to the cattle- pen, where the LL'rave is waiting, and deposited in a -ittiii'j; pos- ture, exactly facing the north. The nc\t operation is to pack the finest clay tightly and careful Iv about the bodv, until the earth reaches the mouth ; then a few piece-; of acacia and some roots of gras- are placed on the head, so that a few trreen twi_ r s mav be above the ground. The -li^ht mound i< then raised, and when completed a lew bo\v]fu'< "f water are poured over it, while the spectators -hour as if applauding. The lu-t scene at the grave is the women pouring o - u their bitter lamen!ati"iis. 114 SUNDAY WITH ^I"KM>KM>K. Tin- lialonda, whilst- eu-totii j-mri^-ti'd thi- digression, are :iflftil moru d-fplv than inaiiv i>tln-r< mi -u<-h ii>ns, be- au-i- of tiu-ir >iii'_ r ular >upf -jn-at e.\|cii..e ainlirri-.it n 'illusion, (ireat ft-a-t- an- spread, and during the r ina.-t TV. I In iv an- inid, j>u-n-in^ ITU--; drum- are Ix-atm with rut-.u-ureil, -ulcinn Iwats, and it' thuv arc 'jun- thev are lirfl. All iii_ r lit Itiii^ tlii> wilil -rciif i-niitiinn--, and i- cun-id- ci'i-d tht- Ii!_'h--~t hdii'T po^-ihl.' tn IM- ivndiTi-d. Indi-i-d. it i^ !:n>ri- tin ani'Mint \\ -\\ct-t an- the ( lii'i-liaii idca> i>l' di-at h ! H"W -acri-d and jd-t-i-inii- an- tin- -|>"l- \\ hi-iv \\ laid our livi-d I-IH-, h< t lil> In in. \\li'.-r j.'iitlf l)ani-< wen- Hilling on the mound! 1I'>\\ ia'_ r trlv V" -!i"r. I.ivin^- 'j-i-ii"!i whether old (^iiriidriiilr th.ni^ht him ijini-r Sumlay i!t'>rd-d j.Md lime i'or th- eVrr-J'aitht'ul and dil'iL!iit man of (i -1 to i.ri-i-nt tin- irrt-at tca'-liin-- of tin- I'.il.lr to hi- iVit-mllv I'lloiida fir lie- idi-a- nf heaven *>r \i roiintrv \\a- ! roiniiiL r Iwautiful ajam ; tin- vallt v- ;md iiill- \\i-ri- i-Iotln-d \\ilh !o\-.-|v _ i-" \\tli. and -up|iort'd Inrd- o|* liull'tiiM-. t-laiid-. k loo and varinii- anti-l"|>i - ; and tin- littli- vi!!a_ r - ulii'-h \M-r 4 ruii-lant Iv appi ai'iii'j' \MTI- rlir.Tin_f mdi- i-a'ion- .(' indil-lrv and happiiii--. I ,\ n in \ti';i-a H i- :nt<-r- .-vnj- !' ol.-.-rvi- lli'- 'ji'adnal 1 1 n \ <\ n M 1 1! in lln- _' "eral ap;" n UP'' o|' lip- i-oiintrv a- lh'- to\\n- "t th- ^r> .it i-hi'-l- an- appr>>:i>-ii' !.!'!-! a- a ciirri-jMHidin^ impri >\ - m- nt i- i;ianit'--t in tic n< ./!. : i !' ! < -f "iir Iaru"'i' i! !-. It vi i . .n' 1 1,,- niiddl' 1 of |-'i lirnarv u'h'-n I i\ iii_ r -loiii- and hi- I"! I., \ . i - . i . .--. d T h.- I ,oii inl)\\ a and pa--- I n t" ; }> t< \\ n ,,;' K iN ma. I h-\ .'! ii"t a--i'_Mii il a hilt, a- \\ . .:i!d h i\ i- 1 .. . n t!,, , a -- amoiij th- Mak..:.,|,i. ..r a roof, a- ..iil.l ha\.- 1..-. n l!,.- KATKM.V IN STATE. 11" case in Shinte's neighborhood, l)iit wore led out to the .-belter of sonu; Inrge trees, where they might provide their re-tiiitr- places themselves. But K:item:i did not forget the claim.- of the stranger on his hospitality entirely, |ir after a little time there came a handsome present of food, which was va.-tly more important than lints or roofs. On the following day Dr. Living.-tone Mas honored with a public reception, as he had l>ecn at Shinte's town. The cere- monies of this reception, too, greatly resembled those of the former. Katema was found to l>e a good-humored, well-fed looking man, and one who enjoyed a heart v laugh amazingly. He rode into the kotla mounted on the shoulders of an active, muscular young man, who moved along quite easily with hi* heavy weight of dignity. One striking element of this chief- tain's character was his vanity ; he could never be done with his s'lf-praise. But he was generous and wise. When Intemese h id given his statement, Katema placed sixteen large baskets o ' meal, half a dozen fowls and a dozen eggs before his guest, a id, remarking that he did not wish a stranger to be hungry in li s town, said : " Go home and cook and eat ; you will then be h a fit state to speak with me at an audience which 1 will give you to-morrow." But tall, vigorous man as he was, so genial and courteous, he was subject to the same degrading super.-ti- ti MIS which were seen in the humbler people of his countrv. During the entire interview with Dr. Livingstone, he sat \\.iving a large bunch of gnus' tails between himself and the white man, as a protection against anv charms which mi^ht be employed against him. This man was reallv the younger brother, and held his position as chief of the tribe more bv his wisdom and kindness than of ri^-lit. His brother was unkind and foolishly alienated his own people, and prejudiced the sub- jects of neighboring tribes. Katema gradually took posse.-.-ion of the hearts of the people, and gathered with them threat numbers of' refugees from other tribes, until he became the greater chief, and boasted of being the equal of Matiamvo him- self. He did not exhibit the covetousness which had been so annoying in some other town.-, but received quite graceful! v the tew little things which Livingstone was able to present. Uniike their southern neighbors, the Balonda are sinirularlv llf) BIRDS AND nF.ASTS de-tit ute of herds, ami though (hey manifest the highest appre- ciation of cattle, and |MSS-.S a laml aihniralilv adapted to pa.s- tura^' 1 , thi-v have not learned to domc-ticatc tin- few cows they have. Kateina owned alioiit tliirtv head, l>nt c>uld niilv pnsseM him-df of tli.' meat l)v linntiiiL: it a- In' uoiild a I'titlalo or an antelope, and \va- a-toiu.-hcd when lie wa- told how he might appropriate the milk. 1 1 i- pleasant to think of nu-n M t'ar iVoin tin- refinements of civilization finding real delight in the charming little melodies of the !:nv canarv bird. All aliont in Katenia - countrv the-^e charming little ercatnre< wen- found in n-at little ca;je>, t f'-a-iifed fonillv l>v the dark -avrje^. " lie-ran--- tin-v .-in.: >'> -u .-et !v." I'erhaj)- it i- the jratniii'ti- tutelar-- of tin- \vonderf\ll e!ii.ri-ter< of' their h.vclv fl-re-t h"nu < \\hidi d\rli.j^ thi- d'-!i.-i'.- li.ve of -ji-ntle imi-ie, l"i- the lui'd- are on rv> rv Koii^h, twittering ami >in'jin'j a- nn -rrilv a- <-.\\\ l>e. ll.it t IK re are no rav-nnii- lia-i~: \'oii kii"\v thev eannt dwell \\ilh liird-; thin/ -i i rn- t'i 1 -e no -vrnpathv letween the voice ot ' xniir and \\ii p.!--;in~, \cii Ix-voiid the habitations ot' men. \\ < wonder natnrallv whether the ni"ii-t<-r- of the \v 1 tlv Iroin the >i^ht "{' mil' i'vin-1- and ^lec whether >ani_ r niiiarv in-tmet- ai'e in evitalilv relmkcd hv nin-ie. liolder (TUeltv aii'-mi^ men IKL-^ .-'ni'-t inii - tniu r hticst rc-i-tancc in the pun- -\\ec t prattle of lielji- ! --!! --. ^ "'i rein< inlier it \\ as a child jilavitli; l>v llie hrooklet, t"--in-_' '.'.In!'- pehhlcs into K, and lauiiliinj; at it- luihhliiiL', \\hi.-h lipik'- tli" i-ni-t- o(' c:irel(>-ne-s and crime, and inelluweil tip- h'-ar: <>\' one \\\^ t IP mjlit le-- of ni'-rcv or jii-tice. and hniiu' iijMiii hi- (\.-lid-. a tear di-till'-d of' pi-niteii<-c. \\hii-li heaven r''iivlj in n-'l' MI pi ion of u- fa\'or- -n \>nrj d'-|>i---i|. Hut t In n- ar-- meatier -hapc.- of e\ il \\hi.-h \\het their ajip- tile- fur i-niii'' on t|ii- -i-j-ht of -,-. ( ;i], in -- ;md iniHiceni-e : tlpv ai--- tip- \' :,!': ion- -pid'T- o| -i-ii-t\', \\lpi -'-hi me. and \\aleh. and \\:iil< :r.rl !. -I : fli'-ir hat'- Mini harm i- l'\' -tratej-v and oli-etinlv. 1 >>''!.,' - '.' I'-. -t;j- e\'c n e|'l nie t I'oli I oljr ei illteln pt . \\ IP i|c-pl-e h- m- :n: t . :i 'i< . |,i, 1, y. , on!\ d; ad lieeaii-e \\ < i-;iniiot - it. I I'i '.'. Ill - 1 i I' !'- U ' a\ ' ! lull' \\ el.- \\ hep h II 1 1 1 a 1 1 1 i ' ! I - V. ' -I I I ' I I ! ! I - 11 !" roar. I I i:r:;an nat ur ha- it- t\ p< - in l"\\ , r oi d. i - . .f ! if-, and iiii"M-.' ' ! i"ir-- of in-tnie| diiiv. a- ainoti-/ tho-.- of thought. I I ni- -! l.ov,,r- \\hen- -\\... :.-t -'adnc-- dud!- rev.-al thr "A PLA^KK ox TIIK SPIDER." 117 beautiful deceits of the running foe of weakest lili . The lovely groves, redolent with tin; melodies of tin; variou- -OMJ-- 8ters, war also the subtile drapery of the spiders, w< a\ in-_ r . And the poor traveller must be suddenly recalled !V>m tin- meditations of the place-, must have his thoughts rudely dragged from their free altitude; of pleasure, by the quick, light, blood- curdling tramp across his brow, or the sudden, sharp, painful, imperceptible wound on his hand, to frighten the canary which had charmed him, bv crying, U A plague on the spider! '' The first advances in the groves of Katema which were made bv these venomous insects were in the night, and the self-introduc- tion was acutely painful. This spider was found to be light- colored and about half an inch in length. One of the ugliest of the creatures is a black individual, with long hair, about an inch and a quarter long, and three quarters of an iin-h broad. A large reddish spider is seen as if in great excitement running with wonderful velocity in and out, before and behind, around and over everything. It dwells in a hole, and has an in- geniously contrived door which moves on hin^e-, and when closed completely covers and obscures the hole. Xearlv all tin; species have beautiful webs, and display great ingenuitv in so adjusting them as to entrap the unwary victims of their desire most readily. The pleasantness, however, and healthfullness of the country were not enough to prevent the return of lever, and hellnv the ti.ne lor the departure from Katema had arrived. Living-tone v\as again a suiVeivr by this enemy, more subtle than the .-pider :, i nd stronger than the lion. The winter time had come, but the thermometer was at 1*0, and he could onlv to.-s about in his tattered tent. He was tossing so all dav on the I'.'tli, but on the morning of the 2<>th, he and his faithful band had their friendly parting with Katema and his people. Livingstone had 'lot been able to make much impression on this vain chief about the Bible. It is the experience of all mi-.-ionaries that Vie results are painfully small when all rnusr be .-aid through one or two careless and la/y interpreters, who themselves care nothing whatever about that which they are saving. I'ut tin- chief had furnished guides for the way before them, and thev might proceed confidently, if rather sadly. The heroism of Pr. TUAl'lTIoN OF 1ULOLO. Living-tone was eon-pi, -n.. ;- n..\v, a- a! \\ays, when then- \\ as r.n\ thing to enilurt 1 <-r i dare. A liiiniu^ t \ r having eaten nothing l'r t\vu dav- attrlldiil oniv l>\ -a vagi- he prees awav iiitn tin 1 \vildrrm-- a- rluvrt'ully and n-o!in ly a- lit- en- tered it Ion:: U-fiiv from ('ape Town. Alxiiit ->.\ mile- north- we-l tV<>in Katema'-, thev eanu- to Lake 1 Ml-|.., tin- -uljeet of a tradition whieh (Mviirred to J >r. Liviu^.-toiu- a- |u.-vil>ly a i.tiii?. lingt-ring liint of tin- il.-hi^r. "It i- -^ihi that a long tini'- airo a village !".M! -n the -iM>t whifh i" no\\ t-ovrml lv I the laki', ami that a trinalt fluff, iianu^I Moiji'ii-ja, one ilav anu i to th- villagi' ami a.-kt-o! th*- wife ot' the i-hii-f man tr -onn- food, I'Ut \va-s refusal, ami taunted with lit r hrljK"^iu-> Itv th.* '.\oinan, \vhrn'U]>on the Mon<-n_'a l.c-j'-ui a -I-HL: in -lo\v tim-, and utttTiil her o\vn iianii MoiH'ligil-\V-()-<'. A-> -In- lini-ln^l ll e la~t note, tin- village, hoii-.-. pi-.. pie, to\\ 1-, dn_ r -, i-ver\ ! hin,:, -auk into the -jiaec nn'.v ealli-.l I>'.l.i|o." It 01 dv re.juire.1 a i'-\s- dav- to --arrv the jtartv lievonil tl-i 1 dominion of Kavma. Tin \- were al>out the turning point < i' the \\at--r-, too, and the river- \\ere now ninnin-j northuar . I hfv were ^oiirj -oinewhat \\i--t of north, and \\t-re i_'.[[ii."j .iai"H'_ r people who are mileli ni'Te freiillelitlv \i~ited l>\' the Matuliari rnerehaiit.- than the more eentral trilte- are. LiviiiL'- >; iiie toij nd a l-o t hat t he |n-ople had a imieh -i \-< inj-cr << nlidi nee in the li,-li,'f i.t' the eontinued e\i-tenee of departed -pint- than t!|.- in. .re -.iiithern inhattitant- of the e. mtinent. The idea of liiiviiiL' and -ellin_ r . ton, Iwjan to take the pla< f LriviiiLT. lv. r\ liodv wanted LTUII powder or Kiejli-h ealien, flu- t he kno\\ 1- L. ..}' ni"!iey had not r-aeh'-'l them, the Mamhaii n-iiiL' onlv !>ar' r in all t heir t ran-aet p in-. < >M t!i<- 'JTth "i l-'elirnarv thev \\-ere on the lank- of a Keanti- .-'i! riv r. \\ hieh reminded t!i-- t ra \---l KT t.|' hi- o\\ n l-.\ . 1\- ( 'i\ de ri^'-'lland -the Kn-ai. The eliief in I he iiei jhhofl 1, named 1\ in.;, ill-.*-, had i'nrni-h.'d ^uid.-- |iiit- r.-adi'\. and th.' m-'ii ',.;. ijiiiti- full of prai-e ..t' their ri\'T. "Th"i;_'h \.>u -nil :!<>M j i! t'T rnoiit h-," -aid I hev, " voti u dl turn wit h"iit - in/ ',; id ot' it ." N '.. t"! - I hi !: r-t Mm- in all hi- l"ii_ r p 'iiriiev, 1 ': . Living-tone I" jan !.-!- ti.ul.'-d !.\ p- U -v m- aim.--.- ami t tie . - and I. 1 , v - at.d - i ..'.'. -; i"ii- "I \ i"!.-iie. . 'I IM- peupln Ka:rj" nke pra>v-'d on hi- party a tri'k f>r w hii h they uro "A MAN DEMANDED. 11! notorious. One of thorn placed his knife where lie felt sati-fied that one of the party would pick it up, and sure enough a young man did pick it up, supposing that he had found it, and put it in a basket. The niseal who had planned the affair of eoiir-t- knew that it had been picked up, and waiting until the partv had divided a part having crossed the river in their canoe: lie came forward, charging that some one of the party had stolen his knife. A search of course found the lost property, and the finding of it afforded a chance to impose a line before they would allow those still on the side of the river with them to cross. At the village of Katende, also, on the % 2!)th, Living- stone was called on to pay a line for passing through the coun- try. This demand was stoutly resisted. Indeed, it is sad If apparent that these creatures have felt just enough of the in- fluence of the outside world to make them the most unprincipled thieves and extortioners. The wild animals, too, have fled from this region, and there was no possibility of obtaining fond except at the hands of these ungenerous chiefs. Hungry anil wear", receiving no hospitality, undiverted by even the welcome da'i- gc-rs of 'wild beasts, the devoted man was hardlv able to appre- ciate the splendid plains and vallevs along which their journey lay. At the first village of the Chiboque the coolness and courage of Dr. Livingstone was put to a severe trial. The chief of the town, after making verv gracious promises, and pretending much sympathy with the enterprise of the expedition, sud- denly sent a demand for a slave or an ox as tribute fbr the privilege of passing through the country. And about middav the chief Xjamhi, having collected his people, suddenly sur- rounded the camp of Livingstone to enforce his demand. There is hardlv an expression Ibr our admiration of that won- derful man, experiencing in his heart Christlike feelings of' pity and love for these wild men ; sirring quietly on his camp-stool in front of his tent, parleying with this wild and wicked chief. The sin-rounding party would frequently aim their guns at him and wave their swords and spears. Sometimes it seemed impos- sible but that a terrible tight must occur. The noble band of Makololo were true as could be, and carried themselv.- a- men who had rather a fondness for such sport. It will be remenv I'JO A Flf.HT AVOIDED. bered that th-se ii. en had U-en soldiers under the jjreat chief Scliituaiif, \\ho \\ith his nun hand beheaded anv man \\liu dared to turn his lark in battle. Thev \\eiv trained to eoiira^e, and it u a- Livingstone'.- lull ixuivirtioil that thev \sould have pn>\en v iet or ion- over twiev us nianv C'hilxHjue us m>\v aj^tcurctl airain-t ihcin, though nnlv t\veitv--i\ in nmnlxT. At last, \vhfii nothing e!-e \\oiild d<>, 1 >r. Livinp>loiu' informed the ehiefthat In- mu-t decide tin- ijiii-M ion himself, and :issumo the fii'iir- i'i-*jM>n-ilihtv nt ln'i'f \va- to IK- fj^htini;. 1' or himsrlf, he \ri-!nd to ji;i-~ o\cr ( Jod'- ground in jH-at-f; luit il he \vas not alloui d to do MI, dr ^hoiild (vrtainlv dffeiul himself and people i^ain-t an\ '-in in\. '1 hi- cool talk M-,-ni<-d to impn -- the ehiei' liji-n that tin- !ill>int>s thev had undertaken N\a- to l,e <|iiite M-ritHi-, and tin-v IM-^UI talking more ra-onal)K. A> thf n->ult 'fth'- int'-rvit \\ , lio\vi-vi-r, I >r. Living-tout 1 j^avi- an \, ti'ii-tin^ then liv to ^ain a- mtic-h in moral inHiienix* a* In- mi^lit saenti'e of t!i ii" m in -li -nc. d.'d -nppli,- ot' I'O.M!. \\'hil.- joiiriies in^ r alon^ the t'-n-^t path-, dren-'li, d \\ith rain and now and then swim- mi;i_ r tin- -tream-, terril!e l'ever~ a^ain set in. Added to the a'n-a.lv -e\ere trial- that of an almo-t \vanv their fnuli-h and oiitra^t-oii- demand- of pr -ejits than \vnuld liave r. -ulted from their entire a!>-en<-e. lint the !.;tte[-e-t of all, ai'oui tii-- Ut h of Man-h, not tar fro in t ',. - en,- of tie d i Hi' -it ! t y \\ 1 ! 1 1 t lie ( ' 1 1 i 1 >oi j ui , 1 1 H re a ppea red a dl-po-lt |o|| to H;U' i!l\ III -o|||.- of in- o\\ M part V, \\llieh |>ro<'eeiled -o i.-r -l,at 'h' ini--ionarv \\a- n--ar -ndiii-_ r a ll'\v l>alls tlrt'oii^h l'je h"td- of t!ie tronlii - pine individual-. K\ er\ -tep <,f the uav in'.v \\a- etiiuliated I>-r aj.iin-t e\tori|o;;- i threatened \\ar ,1 d to ! d on I'M.' aii\ii-li'- of the oeea-ioii. I'erhap- the (:. -' ' vri i ! \ ! ;". i;ij hour < >f t h<- '.\hole joiirnev \\ a- ni the lit I Ir in "ii< t, I,; :i ; tj;,. eiie:itn|i|iii-iit MI ar tin- \iila_'e of I .n'_ r a- I '.i;i/a, '.'. !; ' h.id :i' ! d v. i f h tie- ino-t u npardoiial >! di-ivjard of fM'ii .'.ifi maniine--. '1 ii. -u!l'. i :n^'- of the men -me,- ',-;i\ m^ I\ at- m i - ! rrito]--, !:.,, I I .-. n -.. j feat and -o eon-taut , e\ i r\ ! h in j !nd - m- d to r- -!-' :!. p. _! -- oj' the part\- -o l.itterl\-. that the f, !!,,,< r- of I, : s ',:,_-', .,:,. |n-e;ime thoroughly di-hi'aftrlied, :i:, I t!i'-. IV _Mii to d,- , - :;,. \\i-doiii of ejoinj haek hoine. -THE GREATEST TRIAL. 1 J1 The borders of the Portuguese .settlement were almost at hand. The mml object for which the wonderful man had toiled ami Buffered during nearly two years, in which hi; had wandered amidst the perils of wilds where no white man had ever ven- tured, wax almost accomplished. The highway for civilization and truth was almost open. And now the thought of abandon- ing all and going back. It was enough to overcome him in h!.- best and most vigorous days. It eould not be, it should not be he was determined, and after using all his powers of per.-ua.-ini: he declared to them that though they returned he should '/?< alone. The great man retired into his little tent and ca-t \\\- eyes toward God for help. They loved him too stronglv, though, those friends of the year of trial. Soon they began to gather about him, vowing that they would die before thev would forsake him; they would go with him anywhere; "thev had only spoken in the bitterness of their spirits, and ieeling that they could do nothing." After this they were them-elve^ again, ready for any toil, for any danger; and were freijut utlv overheard, when threatened by enemies, saying to each other. "That is just what we want ; let them begin." They seemed really anxious to reassure their "father," as they called J>r. Livingstone, of their love and courage. Although thev were now so near the borders of the Portu- guese settlement, the natives seemed singularly ignorant of white men, and the straight hair of Livingstone was alnio-t a.-> much a curiosity as it had been far back in the interior. The Mambari do nearly all the trading between the whites along tlve coasts and the more central tribes, so that even where there are found many articles of European manufacture there is the saint* absolute ignorance of the sort of people who make the wonderful things. It was the 4th of April when the party reached the banks of the Quango, which bounds the territory of the Bangala, who are the subjects of the Portuguese. On the east side they were still in the country of the Bashange, the last of the border tribes, and were suffer ing everv form of extortion. Thev were determined to make Livingstone pay for his passage over the ilver bv ixivini; them one of his men to be a slave ; while any- Jddy who has followed the life history of the man to this point 122 KKST AT LAST. ')* assure-*! that lit- would have died :i thou-and tinx -. if jMissibl^ Ix-foiv he would have complied with -neh a demand. At length a voimir oflitvr of thr I > ortu;in i se niilitiu, < 'ypriano di Aforuc, made hi- appeanux . and ly hi- ai-taiuv the \\ hole partv wore MN.H lievotid tin- reaeh of tin- itM|>ositio!]< and dillieultis \vliich had made tln-ir whole xjM'rienee with tin- !*>rder trilx.s one of hitter anxietv and want. N<> wond r tin v pa--ed -o gladly a!"ii_r throiiL'h the tall, waving L. r ra-s in tin- ti'ot-tejt- of the '_''!)< -roil- and frimdlv half-<-:i>tc' --rL. r 'ant. And it \va~ a liirlitcr In-art '.vhii-h U-at in lln- litt!-- tattm-d ti-nt ilia! nL'ht. a- it -t>'.l in front of ( 'yjriaii'r* Im'.i-i-. than had Ix-m in it fnr a lim^. IOML" riiin'. And <-li hn\v thankl'nllv tin- man "I" (i r-'.idv t<> lit!! midr ( 'hri-! and -nii! turned hi- e\--< l.aek on l!ie -jn-at hidden world whieh h,- h:i i jiarllv ii.inid out and ha-t- n^d no\\ t make known: and !'- ward to the an\i<>n~. v.-;i:iin_' liroiherhiMd in .le-n. \\ln. \\--n d he '_'!;td to i'olloW the threa.l ot' hi- jolinieV- throlljh lh" wilderinv-c- wiih !i_ r hl and trillli ! \\".-\\li! lielievt- lha! he f-ied -Weel 1 V that Ili^llt.aild t! ; ' t!ie at!' -ndiii'_ r aii'je! 'jnard, \\hieh t'ormed ihe n<-;irer <\i. around hi in, lo. -ked o>; lovingly and \\ ii h n^jMi-t, ainl \\ >nde: -.. : ilia? we;ik in- n, !] !"\e - -ni^e iiiilv, -lioiild -o .'iidiire :md !'] . Th'' lillle village \\ here I ll- \\ e;if\' traveller had .-|il'e:id llS -i.r:;i ' ..\> n ! nt - j..v:ui]v on I he evening of the It h of April v,;i~ \ r\ - t-.rtV"!ii ! < ;;i_' -U' !i a o:ie ;i- our nnaL r inaI ion- nii'jht :!) !ii:--- readilv p: tun-, in e.iistra-t wiih ihe darknc < and d'-_ r i'ad:it ! m of ! i tr: 'ari-in. A iiu'ola, \'oii nm-t rei iien 1 1 -r. t- onlv :ia otit--;at ion of euii_ r htennii ni : 1 >M: n i- in ! In tin- of the 1'ortu- ju.-e _; .V rnniei.t , and n- nion-jrel pnpulaiion have many of i in- id< a- and eii-tm- in-eparalile f Voiti ihe eon il'ort ni' ! h'-e \vhn |,;,Ve 1 ... II aei-ll-1. .Hud 1" I he |i lillj- of -' ellfitN a I id t'. ' 1 1 . \\ -h i 1 1 \\hi--ll ! J'll _'.i\-eril!l|eMl a I id el I ! i J 1 ! I i-I|( -i I -. i< 'j. t \' ! 1 1 - pi I'l '. Al''e|- ,' i nrinv 1:1. 'ii! h- of an \ietv and eant i< >n. T In- plea-nn- ol - nnd- ! t!i-' anthoritv ni' i-ivili/atimi. though al'-'.inl- iv in lii-- hut ..t' a i.. --I'lr n, \\-.\~ an in- \ ]ifi --1M'.' ].re--ioii- pn vi]e._-. . '!'!,, i'.in 1 ! eiu-ti r i.(' ii.-:i!, -MM ire hoij-e-. v. nh th-- '/roiii.- of li'iif ,,.-.. p, .:"M_'':. -. -r:i!idi:r. r a!".Ml. the \\h<.!e IH arl\' hid-i'-n in th" a 1 !, T. in _'..'!' "- ".!.' h Irin.;. - ! !. < v 'n;niu' ( ' 'n the u e-t I . ml, A.-I-:!.. - n-- i-f "'iv !V:- nd < '. rialio'- di_'ni!v. Ih-\'[;-n.h I'oiiTixa'jvSK roi.K v. \^ Mocietv, :uii-. Livingstone's condition cxciU'itv him and honor him. Cypriano was an officer in the Portuguese militia, and was in command of the little post on the border. He received his guest with great cordiality, and treated him with most careful res] wet and kindnes^ during the few davs of his sojourn with him. Jle was pos>iblv a very favorable specimen of the half-caste popnlatiun which composes so important a portion of Angola societv. Tl un- people furnish the largo proportion of traders who penetrate t 1 ? "regions beyond/' They retain, of course, manv of the i'eatni s of the tribe from which they are partlv sprung; the dark >ha'!< and the unquestionable wool are marks which decide their ne<_ r 'o origin. Their Portuguese i'athcrs, however, secured them t e advantage of education, and what advantage may be in tl c name of Catholic. The Portuguese policy at Loanda has been very unlike tic English on the Cape, and in some respects much wiser an 1 gentler. The English, have encouraged an overbearing spii t jn their subjects. The Portuguese have recogni/.ed the prob. - bility that the white trader will be tempted to oppress tl e natives, and refuse to punish the community or tribe \\hc.-e one of these traders is killed. This naturally makes the whites cautious, and while it has not been enough to confine them at Loanda, has led to the employment of natives and half-castes for trading with remoter tribes. Dr. Livingston'/ reached Cassange, the mo.-t eastern station of the Portuguese^ on the 12th. lie was received at the house of Captain Xevis, who not only entertained him very kindly and generously but provided also tor his followers. There was a feature of this settlement which impressed Pr. Livingstone that these Portuguese can never be successful colonists. That fea- ture was the entire absence of European women. The gentle- men come with no idea of' remaining anv longer than may be nr-eessarv for the accumulation of some money. Thev uencrallv have taken native women into the temporary di^nitv <>f wives, 124 WoNI>i:UFfL VAI.I.KY. n:id unhesitatingly rei'oguizo tin- ofY-priir_r of the-4* unions as iijual-, :unl not uncommonly commit to them the most imjx>r- tant tru-ts. The village 1 of ("Vissaiige is aUout half wav from the Quango, jirro the splendid valley which i- wait in-.: to U-conie a granarv t'or the world. "This valley is pei-hap- :i hundred mile- wide; clothed with dark forests, exeept where tin- tall gra>s covers the. meadow land alon^ t|,,. (Quango, \\hi< h ln-n- and there pianos out in the .-iin a- it wend- it.s \\av northward." It i^ the vast reality of which the traveller said the view of the < Mvde, from the sjot wheuei- Marv (^UM-H of S-ots witiifsscd ilic hattle of LaiiL r -ide, i< a miniature. The valh-v W:L< entered on the .".nth of March, l>y (IcsiiMiiling a pre.-ijiitous path from the tal>le land, which >tood !)ehind them now in the di-tancc like a wall. Thi extern half of the valley is the home of border triUs. who hav'- learmtl tneanne^- ami crueltv from their imperfect acquaintance with \\hitc people. The we-teni hall' i- the frontier of' the Portuguese, with < 'a^^aii'je fl-r it- principal town. ()fcourv eonsidenilile plantation- of manioc anl^ irrew .-plendidlv, and both native and im|nirted fruit- rewnrdcr\ cotnmaud'^1 -jreatlv 1> H clothe the whole party, In-id'- lar_'e hunehe- of head-." M:ni\ o|' ili.-e trading villas- are to } finind in (hi- broad valN-v. and the native I' 1 .rtii i _ r ue--e m them generallv becume rich III a \er\- fe'.V Ve;ir- I .! vilrj-'-'He ni-.-.|e,l to .jlljet ' .ft e I) - feel | r !'i I T_ r a II \ ! < ! i( - ill the bn-a-t- of hi- M:ik- ,!.,!, :i- thev drew nean-r th- eoa-t. Their ontiden.i in him \va- -I ron^i-r than their tear-, howe\-er ; and !'i..ir_'h t!fv W'-r-' caution. -il l>v -ome that the \v!iit' people were THK u KM) OF THE WOULD. 1 25 cannibals, and by others that Livingstone intended to make slaves of them, they followed him trustingly and lovingly a.s hi* children, as thev called themselves. Having been kindly provided with a guide by the com- mander at ( 'assange, the party resumed their journey on the 21st of April, and going twenty miles stood at the loot of the Tola Mungongo, which is the western wall of this wonderful valley, and after an hour of climbing were again on a lofty table land, from which they could look back a hundred miles to the borders of Londa. Geologists mav find here, if thev wish, a problem. They may undertake to tell the world how long ago it was when this broad chasm did not exi>t, but Tola Mun- gongo and Masamba Ridge were one. J>ut while the scientists are making their calculations, the world will move on, and his- tory will be growing about these strange, wild dill's, and nations succeeding each other on table lands and vallevs. The journey to Loan da was attended now with only such delays as the kind- ness of the Portuguese at various settlements induced and the barter with natives ibr food occasioned. It led them first along a beautiful country, where splendid forests were threaded bv a number of beautiful streams and inhabited by "true negroes." Then through the district of Ambaca, where the traces of Jesuit labor linger in the intelligence of the people, and the men themselves live yet in the love of those; thev sought to elevate. After that can*} a mountainous region which delighted the highland heart of Livingstone, and brought back to his mind many a view which charms the traveller in his own dear Scot- land a region wildly beautiful and remarkably iertile. As they came nearer to the coast the life was not so vigorous, the scene became sterile. On the olst of Mav the partv looked out on the Atlantic from the brow of the hill which overlooks the city of Lounda, where all at once, as the Makololo expressed it, the world said, " I am finished ; there is no more of me." CHAPTER VJI. ANGOLA. Aaxii-ty A SiniM* Englishman Siokn< Mr. < ln'iri. T- Kiii'hiw. Svttlomenl !' l..>.in U T'T'.u.Mi. Kuihirr -Tun Tiiin.' I'lii-rnnm;. M;ikil..l.i m W .rk Tin- Ship ":i T..WH" Living..!!.-'- !:- -l:u-- l.-i . I.. \Vlii Mu'lit h:ivf ll.-.-u .-liivr Tri.lr >!.\'-ry 1:1 Ati'i'M liPMi - '! I.i\ iiu'st"ii'i < >|>|M-itiii N. -lu'-'Ut ( uiti\ .1:1 !! "I \\,>- > ;! '!' ~M,K liti.."- a Muth - K.-!i,-h \V,.r-hi|. l'..rtuM.,-.,- l'.!..> Iv-.ry It..!, I :,].-.,! I..il.r Mania f.r I.iti.'.ui.'ii !',,.- lu:.. r.iN ' - I !. !' !.. n '!!.. i! \S.M Ai.nu.tl~ 77,^ S'lt-lri>i-il I..M.kii..' I", i-tu.ir.i Ii'!..ir;tir.-ir..iii L...U..IU M ,k .1-1, i:,.;i-.;;i,- Tin- " Tru.- Atirifiit- ' \ I;, tn.u ,...;. Ii,-.: Vml-.i.M i liur.-ti .-r.l.ii! - r ; ith -li.- Mi-tik- I'MII.-. \M.|.-: :. t!:.- I:...L! I'uH.-tilt. 1 A^'.nii. III!', ritv \\ :i- -t ra:i'_"' : i li' 1 -'"i \\:i~ uii'-"ii- - :'iii. "Arctlu-n 1 l'i ;!!< 1- in tin' i-itv '.' A !' ! i i' ! tulin^- 'ii tin- -i a '.' " Tin- tuiv- !! h:i'l l--n -J">'K. it t\\n yi-ur- M^O. Tli-Tr li:i'l l"-n n r(.iiu- -!, tli'f'- li:ul IM.-M i,. i ii-->iii 1 :i_ r i iin-ii(. Tli' 1 wihliTlif-.-. li:nl \> <-n .-lici-rlt-- :HII| the v.av ii:ul \><<\\ \o\t-j. '['In- ~:,.iit'~t h'-.irt -. iii.'tinn- \\ani- I" !'-;ui it-' If II|H>II :in,itl|.'t lu-ai'I ; the nm-t \ ^.,[-,,,i- Iraini- uiav In- \vuni l>\' t>il ami anxit-tv. I- it ~tran^c M at th>- -ti'Mii^ man -ta-j-jei-.-.l {< the IP!'"\\ n|' the hill aii'l "!!- ! --.-.I a -inkiir_ r heart a- lie 1... ,1, , ,\ <}.,\\\\ .,n the .-itv ami \\{ mi th-' ---a".' Aii'l i- it \\ "ml- rl'ul that he \\a- L r lal when he fun,,r ,<\' the mi!\ |-'.n^li~hinaii in !. MII la'.' l-'i"\\er- are -il.-m ami liail. th--\- are evpivive anl J i-'A- rlul ; tiny r.iiitp'l hiinian |ia--i"ii- like !..ve. aii-1 -mile a V'!' :,!. -we.-ti-r than \\..rl- n:av t.-!l. I: i- a 1 ..-ant : t'nl thin^ t' '-'I 1 ' I a L" Il'-r-.U- llMlne Mel-'.--- l,..l ..f |J.i\\,-r-. The Imllie ,,f M-. <;.i!.rie] |, : -. .,[ ;,., ir u.,rt!,v MI' i!,,. I,,,,,,., ,,f ,!,,. .;,.]- : , M ,j '!-' 'n'' in in "! ' i -I .ii.il tVp IM! M!' in. )! \\!IM -..njht il- il'H.r. IV. I. .-, iv.-,I !,!.,. ;, l.p.th, ,-. |;,,t hi- -tren-,1, ^ a- t itiM-lv. 1 ,1! . . a !'*<< r \\ h. >u\ I'" ta'i/M' -an i '..i-r. - uc.n. h- ha-1 tiitiinj I)'.!, I' 1 ! I -ahk -I /.! i h- ! j.!- - - !\ i;i hi- -n. .-,-. 8ETTLEMKXT OF LOAN DA. } '7 The generous Englishman was glut! to attend him in hi- sickness, and happy in the privilege of surrendering his o\vi. l>ed to the man who had known no better pillow than tin.- ground for so many months. And not only Mr. Gabriel, but manv Portuguese gentlemen were eager with their kindnc-><>, Whoever has not felt the loneliness of such a lile can hardly appreciate fully the happiness of such attentions. The friendly Makololo had been kind and zealous in his service, but thcv were- heathen, and the very kindness in which thev proved their love onlv provoked a deeper anxietv, for thev were his care; in their dn.-ky forms all the ignorance and ills of Africa were revived before him. It was very pleasant to be eared tor lv equals, whose faces revived no anxiety. The good nnr.-ing "f his friend, and the skill of Mr. Cock in, surgeon of an Kngli-h ship which stood in the harbor, with the presence of the warm- hearted naval officers, were mightier, under (iod, than the ill- ness, and Dr. Livingstone \\as soon sufficiently restored and refreshed to be deeply interested in all surrounding object*. JLoanda itself, with its loftv dill's casting their rugged shadows on the sea, whose waves are forever breaking against their -ides, and its massive castle frowning from a beetling crag; its old stone mansions and huts of daub and thatch; its motley popu- lace of Portuguese, mulattoes and negroes; its harbor, \vhere ships of all nations displav their flags, is a place worthv of the traveller's attention. But, as the capital of Angola, it open.-- t> him a volume, imperfect still and indistinctly written, but car- rying him back to the same eventful era in which our own land was snatched out of the sea and made known to the world. About the time Columbus discovered America, Pie^o ('am wa planting the ensign of Portugal on the coast of Angola ; and the city '" St. Paul de Loand: 1 '' was founded in 1~>7^. It has been a splendid city. When approached from the sea. its Mr;* and castles, and domes and spire- and stone palace-, all \\hiie and gleaming in the sunshine mas-ive memorials of formei 1 glorv contradict the thought of benighted wilds. Wh.ii ap- proached f'ro.ii the inland, the- same stately structures bur-t on the view like works of enchantment. White men lean ov - ;1 it- prows ot'the'r ship- and wonder whv so vi^-orou.-- and ower it is that .-lands hv Uieir lorv-ts and deal- with |Mt>ple in the >-a. The Portuguese have ii'>t proven themselves eijual to the t;**k of lift in;: iij> Africa. Their Ialx>rand lotig-oimtituuxl sway have IM-CM almo-t fruitless. The dilapidation of I^nmda tell* thi> -tory of all their etl'ort- in Angola. The mark- of failure an- -een all over the di-trii-t. The h.ihits and rii-imn- of the nativo an- liardlv inotliiieti ; tht-ir -ii|ii-r-titi<>n-. an- not di>|rllcd ; th"ir dfgnidation i- du-jH-iu^l. Thr \vhit- ta-i - <.nl\- snjtplv a 'ontr:i-t unfriendly to the lihi'-k. Tin- d-i-rt-d ronvcnts and hroken cro--.-- onlv ca-t ht-avv .-hadow- on the harhari.-m thev have not enlighten. -d. The eivili/ation ha- oulv tvranni/.eil heat hem-in, and ha- not hi*l|Htl it. 'I he eiir-e of dcgj'iienu'V ha- followed their nnfaithfnliu --, and -ettler- them-rlve- nerd ret'onnatioii. Two thiiiL'- \\'en- nnfortunatr : the I'urtuguese ( iovernmeiit e-tal>!;-ln ! the i-olonv eov-ton-!v, and Koinan Catholicism > -tahli-heil tin- mi->ion. The colony c- ( .u!d not U> a -iiiii'~-. which Anight onlv \\ealili. I lie ni:~~;on e,>uld onlv fail wliifh eneoiira^ed -uper-tition and little niofc than chan^ii! the name- of L r "d-. lint the llii--"t:.-n vi.la^c- and 1 nnjiless altar- nin-t not di-eonra^e eivili/atioii or daunt ( hri-tianitv. 'I'hev do ii"t pro\-i- that At'riea i- irr lvin:illr ; the\ onlv call our attention to a mi-taken |>o!iev. and liel| n- touard \vi-doin. Thev fnrni-h a field u here i-jnoraiiec ha- hecii lirni-etl under the he.! of' il|telli'_'. -||ee; \v!|efe .- 1 1 1 icl'-t i t loll >it- III 1 1 1 It -^1 \' Illldel' the -eal of ( 'hri-tianitv. Angola, with IWtti.riifH' .-tat \n- evrv- \\hen-, and familiar with the name- ot' |in.'~t- and -aim-, erics piteoii-lv to the ('hri-tian world, a- >]- the heart of Africa. ( >ne of two -pli-ndid cathedral- in I/>anda i- now a \\ork- -h"j., and the traveller -aw, uith -orrow. o\. n tciiling \\ilhin the wall- of atiotlvr. Manv mi-eraUle hut- of \\attie and danh have cr> pt in l>et\\.-i n the -tone mnn-ion-. and liall-naki-d li!a- k in- ;i t rM-r to t h.-ir t- ! i<-he- r ndi-r the -hado\\- ot' t he \\ all- u hi-n- the i-riieiiix hnnj-. :i!id parade their -tran-_'e cn-toin-. \>\ tin -id<" ft! |-".'irop.-an liiMirv. IVirkne-- and li_'li! ut -Mr. ( Jabriel's kind- ness was unwavering and most assiduous. He n<>r onlv nursed his guest faithfully, but assumed aLrMin the care of the Makololo. These active men won tin 1 admiration of tho-e who saw them by the promptness with which they entailed in their -elf- support, though strangers and vi-Itoix. Tn the ab-cnce of other employment, they began a hrii' their lew months 1 eoiitai-t with Knroncani;, wh> treated them with special kindin-.- a kiiidne.-.- seeuml hv tln-ir a.v- iation with the great .-xp'oivr n-j^eM- the nut hojw.Tul iv--ilt- for ell'orts made in th- inic -jiint of ('hri-t for the enli^htenim-nt of Africa. It there had Ix-rii no .-lave trade lV"i:i l.'i;md:i; it tin-re had Ix-en fair dealing with tli- nati\t->; if there hail lum a !_ r i'ii<'rmi> n-- L-o^iiitiuii i if their manhood at the dilli-n-nt |i"-t- o!' the 1'ortn- i;u->e authority ; it then- had U-en el-ar ( 'hri-tian in>t ruction by the pritvt.-. ; it' then- had U-t-n MO m-w -ii|> i--.;i[inii- < n^rafh-d on their ii_ r lior.lliee ; if the OJM-II IJilili- had l>reii i_ r iv-M them ill- stead of the inysU-rions enn-ilix and tin- pii-tiire- nt' -ain(~; it love and hone>t in-tnii-ti"H had |M--H i^iveii in the [ilaci- <>i enn-ltv and vijjorou> inv~ti<-i.in, \\lio \\ill -av that .\iiL r "l:i would not have l<-t-n tin- l>riu r lit .-pot on tlii- i-oiitinent ImiL' :iu r ". touard which tin- world ini:_ r ht 1<'U \\ith pride, and tor \\hidi tli- i-hureh-- iniirlil Ljlnrifv (MH! ? \\ d>ii"t ni-il tneharjr tin- l'ortn^iie-i- with brin_iriiiLi almut tin- -lavi trail. l\i.nd tin- eiart <>! Atr'n-aii life lnn-_' U-tiiri- tin- -i-ttli-nn nt nl' Luanda. liiit it i- a pitv that tl.r -ii|iidity i it' nominal ( 'hri.-tians \\a- MI ea^t r t<> i nilirai-e tin- o; ijiort unit v \\ hi< h tin- degradation ot' a people pn>ented. It i> a -hann- in ' 'hri-ti-nd-iin that tin- iniM-rn-- di.-coven-d in a m-- l.|i-i-tid land i-niild r.vit<- ciiiiiriii-rratioti onlv \slnn tln-v had -atial'-d i-nvi-toii-in--. N" "in- tiling >" eii'_':iL r ' d tin- heart of L:vin_'-!'iin a- tin- .-nppn --i f th-- ~la\- trade. \\i-dninit in -iir inin-i-iii-.' i ,| -la \i ho Id MIL' m tin- li_'hf of' th'- >-'ri|.tiir.--, l-ti.r.- \\<- oll'.-r our lnart% -\mpa- ihi- - I'-r til-- i mill.-, lif'--lon_' I'fl'o.t- of fhi- -iiiL r nlarl\ - ..!: - .-rat. d man to n_'a_" tin- h- ;irt of th- \\orld t'-r Al'ri'-a. And \\<- LIVINGSTONE'S OPPOSITION. 131 r.m prny with him when we find him importuning (ixl out of thn.st: wildernesses for the time when his truth mav have turned the darkness into light, and when no man shall invade the con- tinent with chains of any other bondage than Chrint's constrain- ing love. He found that the slave system existing in various parts of the country presented one of the most perplexing har- riers to his work, and found, too, that, whatever might be the contrast between negroes in America and their ancestors in Africa, in Africa the contrast was against slavery. Wherever he found the tribes distinguished by systems of slavery, he found deceptions and cruelties and superstitions innumerable; while in the tribes which denounced slavery, and counted cvcrv man a member of the family of the chief, and called them.-elvcs " men," he found generosity and kindness and comparative in- telligence. As a missionary in Africa he could only lament the s'ave idea, and, depending on his testimony of facts, how shall ve not lament with him that idea, at least so far as it is eon- mK'ted with the internal condition of that unhappy continent? And how shall we not be willing to sacrifice all theories and privileges for the speediest redemption of those Avild tribes? Who is there that can withhold his applause and his help when the conversion of Africa demands the closing of every slave mart on its coast, and the moral influence of the world again.-t the systems of bondage that exist in the social structure of its tribes? Livingstone's denunciation of slavery in the abstract 'ras grounded not so much on anv theory of justice and inju lice, or idle prejudice, as on what he saw to be the evil influence of the slave trade on Africa, and its natural antagonism for African evangelization. He did not denounce the slaveholder- and go to Africa, but he went to Africa, and after long ob-erva- tion testified to the world that evcrv slave .-hi}> which touched that continent drove it into deeper degradation, and on behalf of its hundred million souls pleaded au'ain-t them. Hi- heart was encouraged bv the presence of an Kn^li-li commissioner for tlu> suppression of this trade in the person of such a man :i- Mr. Gabriel, and by the presence in the port of' Knuli-h p\\cr to prevent it ; but it was t|iiite clear that the strictest vigilance and the iuo-t sincere purpo-e had not been successful in etll-etually preventing its continuance. The cupidity of the \ \-.\- \> l.',2 LABOR IN ANGOLA. too i^n-at ami their wares too tempting. The one wn-urtil them jMsMi<>n of Lrreat numbers of the poor creatures, the other toil nil nu-un- to disjuise of them. Tin- aimndaiHx 1 of thi- unrt' \vanlitl laU>r throughout Angola had pmhahlv Uvii the eaii-v of inin-h nr^li^rin .- in tin- masters of tlu- -<>il. Tin- appliance* of a;riruliure \\rtv almo-t entirely wanting, though the >"il i> >iimularlv ti-rtilr and <>ll<-r> a won- derful reward li>r imlu-trv. ('ottoii ^m\v> alnio>t :L- fnt-lv as the nativ- ^r:i-->, ami r<.tli-- ( tlmujh prolcihlv iinj>orttl, H found in mans- plaet-i i:ro\vinj m-i-i luxuriantly and yielding aluindant Iv with hardlv an\ at!<-nli'i;i. Indciil, alino-i every varit-iv <>l fruit and vr^riaMr and important arti'-lc ot' ajri- ciilture is tu-ilv rean-d in tin- -|>l<'n-l;d valK\- <>1 t In- d:-tnrt. Yft -in_ r iilarlv i-ntni-jh tin n- \\ a- tiund im iinplfiiifiil of laix-r e\e-pt the (xfiiliar Angola hoe with ilouble handle, \\lii.-h i> ilnivjjjiil la/ilv alon^r a<-ro thi- u r i'"iind to make a p!a'f l"r tin.' f-d. whii-h \\ln-n o;ic' dr[i.i-ilc(l i- l.'ft to it- own vitality and tin* favor of riimatc and -oil until tin- harvi--t. 1 'In- la! >"i' "t eilltivatiiii; tin- land- tali- to the women. The IIP n are 111.1 di-- tinL'iii-licd lv a- iniifh indu-trv a- th' wonii-n. and work >< It-i-UP-lv at thfir w<-avin'_' that thfv milv prodiici- a -in^Ii- \\i-l>. a ti-w {*! in IciiL'th and t\\'iitv inehr- wide, in a month ; r<<-< -iv- in^ .'iilv two -lulling- tlir thi-:r ta-k and material. I IK-IV ari in vanoii- |>la'-"-- ruin- "t inaiiuta'iirie<, and tra<-i- ot lonniT work- in iron and cojip.-r. Tin- nativf- havi- ln-ronir r\c--cd- iniilv t'nd o(' liartt-r. in \\iii'-li tiicv \fhaiii. r < i with loo|i-li pn>- di_'a!i!\- anvthiliLT tln-v mav i;i-t tln-ir hand- on f..r-iii-h articles a- mav -triki- tlp-n- lain-v. Tip.-.' \\ ho an- lirld a- -lav*-- mani- (,-t a pi-rt'-.-t mania t'pr -i.-a!iii'_ r . and an- alwav- n-adv \\it!i anv aaioiin' of I\ in_ r to coii'-'-al tln-ir tip ft-. Tln-ir i-hiff !'! i- tin 1 inaiii'"- : and they an- in ron-.-,|ii'-ip-. mon- tli-mina'" than tln-v '.\ou!i| ! \sith a -troipj.r di--t. Tip v ad-, lik.- manv of tip* lip'T' miand Tr:l>"~. drradfullv -up-|--t it i. -n-, and In-ri-h -omc r:ran_'-- and rnn-1 -n-jom>. \\hirh -jii'in^ tV"iu tln-ir 1 .. !i,f-. I'h- '. an !iai'd!\- !" til-d id'.lat.-r- in tip' -li'i'-t -. n- ,,f ||p- t'-rm, l)-'aM-'- tip- uor-htpoi id"l- imjili''- an iiltimati- a|ip-al fo a Siijip-nn- |'..in_'. 'I IP % af I'.-tP-h \\ or-hi|.|M i -. Tip- d:!l'. n IP-' I.. ?-,\. . n tli.-m :n,d ido];iti-r- i- that t IP \ do n<>( <-on- hidT the oliji-f 1 ! u|iph t|p-s Ixiw down U-fori- a- an ima_-<- of an 1'OUTUOUE.SK I'eiMe V. 133 Unseen Heing, but as itself jKWsessing the power to which they appeal. Perhaps (here is no lonn of heathen Ix.-licf >o degrad- ing and oppressive :LS this, none which leaves the worship|>cr nnre a prev to his own vicious imagination, or allbrd* Mi-h opportunities lor the abuses of the priests who minister at the strange altars. Dr. Livingstone found many traces of the early Jesuit teach- ing, which inspired him with respect for these? men, as having really sought to benefit those whom thcv taught; and in manv places thcv an; remembered bv the natives kindly, while the priests who succeeded them are only referred to bitterly. There was nothing seen of the boldness and courage; among the natives which frequently excited his admiration for their sable brothers in the distant forests which he had left. The prevailing slavery and military government of the Portuguese have taken away whatever spirit may have distinguished them in former times. The African is generally in great terror of tire- arms, and a dismantled fort with only a useless cannon fills the regions around with awe and will hold entire communities in subjection. The country is divided with some regularity by the govern- ment at Loanela, and there are officials known as commanders occupying these several districts, who, having little else to do, and being poorly paid bv their government, have time and temptation to abuse the natives by all sorts of impositions and extortions. These gentlemen generally accumulate large prop- erties and seem to enjoy great serenity in their little tyrannies. These Portuguese authorities manage quite shrewdly to relieve themselves of as much care as possible, and at the sune time maintain the real authority over the people, by taking advantage of the gradations into which native society is divided. "This man. for instance, is .-till a sova or chief, has his councillors, and maintain- the same state as when the country was independent. When any of his people are guilty of theft, he pays down the amount of iroods stolen at once, and reim- burses him-elf out of the property of the thief so effectually as to be benefited by the transaction. The people under him are divided into a number of ela-ses. There are his councillors, as the highest, who are generally head men wf several villages, and 134 TKADK IN 1VOKV. the carriers, the lowest fre*- men. < >ne class above the lu.-t obtains th- privilege of wearing -hoe- from the chief ly paving for it; another, tin- soldier- or militia, pav for the privilege of -'rviiiLT, the advantage U-ing that thev an- not afterward liable to IK- mail* 1 carrier-. Thev an- al.-o divided into gentlemen, and little gentlemen, and, though cjnite black, -jirak of themselves a white mi 11, and of tin- others, who mav not wear S|IIM->. a- ' black-.' " Tin- lordlv masters of th< % region manite.-t little eomvrn whether tlu-ir sul)JM-ts \\or~liiji a lui-h, or tin- .-an, or ( 'hri.-t, it onlv tht-ir plantation- and o^-lianl* vidd ali:indantlv, and their jxK-ki-ts <;ro\vii)(f vrarlv more plt-th, perha|>s the nio-t material exp< { from Loainla in the pa-t lia> IMI-II ivorv, which i^ brought lV" 11 the interior li\' mean- ot -lave earner- in threat (iiiantities ; a; 1 since the -cri-ni- efl'.irt- Il>r the siipprfs>ion of the liirmer, tlr- latter article i- -jretitlv incrcaxnl in relative value. Slave-, i'. - dei-d, are vi-rv eh"aj>. I >i\ Li\'inj--l":ie mention- M-<-in^ a 1" v twelve vear- old -old (I -r a -inirle f..\vl, which wa- the eijuivn- lent nt' onlv a poiind or t\vo >!' iv.irv. . \lmo-t fahnloiis nun - IMT- of' tn-k- are linxigiil out In- the trader- vearlv. And u- there i- no wajoii \vav, and all Imrden- mn-t le eonvc\--d !.v hand, there are 'jreat numher- of men who are cniplovetl e\- cln-ivelv in tin- Ial>or. 1 he-e carriers were jitniii-rlv fi>red into -.'I'vii-e in anv numix'is, a- the demand mi^ht -ii'j'_ r e-t ; and ven rio-.v it i- more a -erviee nf cfitnpuUi>n than \\ illiiiL'ii' -- ; j'.r the jiivernnient, while almost 1'ori-ed in self-n-peei to t naet .- whieli have a show of kindne and jn-tice, p-allv eneoiir- - Hi" di-re^anl of th'M 1 lavv- \>\' the leliirnev \\illi \\lmli it nd- their violation \>\- die ditlen-nl eoniniandi-r-. I n\\il- _' ' !' !iiH|ui~li it- antli'irilv in Angola, the I'ortu^ne-e home :' rimn nt i-ni- eijnallv unwilling to -njipor; it li\ the mie-- - ii'V \ |> !!-, and preti-r- to lure oiVe-ial- (or i! \<\ rich ^,y ( .,/-- l< lift'.* r.'i'h'r than reasonable -a'arn--. Il eaniiot cane. 1 ill.- oj IJM .rtunit M- without ineria-inj th" -alan- -, -o the ih-n-^ard ol all protective nrdnianee* i- \\mkeil at. and tin- native- -crve tor not hinj-. It ;- int- re-'in _' to .,!,-.i-\-, i;, ;! ; . natives of Angola -\\lio. \ coMrn>oRY sKKvirK iv ANT.OT.A. " me. Fr.\i:uAi,s." ]:;; indeed, aro more of the negro type than many <>f the tribes much the same disposition to imitate the more enlightened white people, as we know to be a feature of ueirro eharaetei in our own country, and naturally enough thev succeed !><-t in those particulars which are least commendable. The better (j'lalities in people hardly ever impress themselves, as Ibrcibh on the minds of the untutored as do others. The-e Angeles negroes, for instance, have developed ;i singular fondness r more than ordinary forethought. Frequently when one i- a-ked tr. sell a pig, he replies, " I am ke'-ping it in case of the death of any of my friends/' A pig is usually slaughtered and eaten on the last dav of the ceremonies, and its head thrown into tin nearest stream or river. A native will sometimes appear intox- icated on these occasions, and. if blamed for his intemperance, will reply, " \Vhv ! mv mother i> dead ! " as it' he thought it a surtlcient justification. The expenses of funerals are ~o heavy that often years elapse before thev can defrav them. The rites are half festive, half mourning, partaking somewhat uf the 138 POISON ORDEAL. character of an Irish wake, flu-re is nothing more heart- rending than their death wails. When tin- nativs turn their eves t<> the future world, thev have a \ i< w cheerless enough of their own utter helplessness ami hop. le.--ne~-. Tiny fanc\ themselves completely in the po \\ei- of tin- di>eml>odied .-pirit>, and look ujxin the prpeet of following tin in as the grcatoi ot nu-tbrtnnc-. Hence they an- miislantly deprecating the wrath of departed souls, believing that, if thev arc apjMiisetl, there i> no other can*e of death but witchcraft, which inav IK- avcrtcil hv eharrns. 'J'he whole of the colored [H>pnlation of Angola are Mink in these gross superstitions, hut have tin- opinion, notwith- standing, that they are wiser in the-e matter* than their white neighl>ors. Kach trihe ha.- a coii-ciou-ne*- of following it* own U>t intere>t.- in the U-*t wav. Thev arc 1>\' no mean* destitute of that s^'lf-fsUfin which i> >o eomnion in other nati"n*; \ ( | thev fear all manner of phantom.*, and have half-developed idea* and traditions of something or other, thev know n..t \\hat. ( )nc of tin- mo*t distreing m-tmns irmwing mil of the *n| r- -tition ot' the*.' pcujile i- tin ir :i|>|)'-al to tin- " p.ii*,.n orl. al " i;, ca-e* ot allegitj guilt. 1 he draught i* prepared h\ ceriain jirie-t* l on the l>anK* of the riv r I na. It.* etVe<-t* diili-r in proportion to the *tivn u Mh or weakness ot' the d<-coction. hi a weaker *tate it remain- in tu- *tomach and produce* a horrible d.ath; \\lien .-.trouper, it in-e~. violent vomiting, :md i- not tatal. It i- ca-ilv undcr- -(OIM! how t lie experienced pl'ie-t \\ l|o a' 1 111 i I) i-tel'.* it IliaV ilccidc the de-tinv of a pocir victim ot' the terrible delu.-ion. It' the draught caii-e* d'-ath it i- con-id< r> d proof |>o-itive of guilt, and manv a pour wit'e oi le*pi-ed daughter ha.* (alien a victim l*v the aL"'iic\' "f t!ii~ appeal t" the e,.iite!n; t or unfaithfulne** ot' ,).! tri'-nd- or hu-baml. h i- an a\\ fill ordeal for the people. S'-ni-- writer- lia\-- -j.ok.n ol' An_ r o!a a- aboiindinir in \\ild niiimal-. but \siili very little e\-id-ii'i-. It -in- ^nerallv taken tl.r jranN d that be^-an-e there are t-r"eion- ni'-n-ti r- in home -'ii<*n- of iln- e. .nt IIP nt that tln-\ mav llierejbre 1< ;t nni'd !"! anvwhere and evervwhere. 1 In re ^ ( ,-m-. to be ratlnr an i-.xlniordinarv ab-i -n -e ot' -ueh inhabitant.- in .\i)L r "la. Kven the t>-\\ \\hieh mav be there are -o intimidated and -jiirit- THE SELF DENIAL. J.'iii less that they take no part in tin- incidents of the day, and are the victims of traps rather than arms. Dr. Livingstone thought that he discovered a peculiarly dis- piriting etleet of the climate on the people- themselves, which is hardly in keeping with the idea of multitudes of wild bcaMs. He mentions that even the hulls are spiritless and .-crve like oxen lor riding. "1 never met a ferocious one in the coimtrv," says he. The time at length came when his health was so far renewed that he might resume his travels. Lying in the harltor was ;in English vessel, and her captain offered him passage homeward. The temptation was very great. More than two years had passed since he parted with his wile, fourteen years since 'i.- entered Africa at the Cape. Oh how his heart longed for tar old scenes once more! The warm friends in England, the lo- ing wife and children, and at Blantyrc, on the Clyde, there were dear cherished ones fading now, and iorms growing weaker everyday. The murmuring of the sea might he tic voices of those dear ones calling him to receive the last blcssinif. If he turned again into the wilderness, could he endure another journey like the last? Would he pass the hostile border tribes Kifely ? Where would he again look out on the sea? An 1 why should he go? He was now convinced that there could be no highway from Angola into central Africa. Wagon.- could not possibly follow his footsteps across the mountains and flooded valleys, and through the covetous and unfriendly tribes that had beset his life so resolutely. And where in all that region could he hope to establish a mission? And whv simplv retrace his steps over so great a distance? ^\ hv not vield to the kind solicitations of his generous friend and look on the hills and valleys of his own native land once more, and make glad the hearts of his aged parents, and comfort his patient, faithful wife, and smile on his own children? Surely all hi.-t<>ry cannot produce an instance of more delicate eonscientiousnes> and nobler benevolence than he undesignedly reveals when l.< says: "I had brought a party ofSekeletu's people with me. ami found the tribes near the Portuguese settlements so very un- friendly that it would be altogether impossible for them t<> re- turn aloue. I therefore resolved to decline the tempting <>: : 9 14" I IiKPAKTl'KK FROM I.OANDA. ami take my Makololo la--k t their chief." I- it wonderfu. lliat u< -I i a man >hoii!d In- aiile to walk uj ami down among -.ivaje-V It \\ a- the -pirit of Cliri.-i Chining out in everything In- dil \\hii-h ehariuiil them ami m;uK- him a m:i>tcr, while he cal'.i-d tin-in hi- friend-. Tin IT wa-, however, thr additional lii-.ii^ht and de-ire that from thr Makololo country he might follow the Zaml>c-i t thr coa.-t on the ca-t, and jws>il>lv find a hijjjhwav lir the <_ rp< 1 to the hidden h"!nc- of the millions of pi >r !' graded U ing- who wen- pa. ing aero-- the -tage of life, \ho Y\< \< tn, including w ln>r-e and a complete c<>!<>tn T- uniform, and -nit- of clothing !-.r all the men whv accDinpaniitl him to Loamla, and tir-t-nito -pe.-inien- ot' the dillcrciit article- ot trade, and t\\ o donkevs, \\hich are the more valtialilf a- Ix'in^ prixf atrain-t the t.-et.-e, \vhii'h are the Kane of the Makololo conntrv, and having iv- .-i-ived letter- of commendation to the Portuguese authorities in a-t'-rn . \lri--a, I >r. Li\'in_'-t"!i'- and hi- lil lower- l-t't St. 1'anl de Luanda on tin- 'J'lth of S-ptetnlxT, 1 >" 1, after a little le.- ?lia:i fniir inonth>, nejirlv all "t \hich had Iteen -pent in painful iilne.. A fre-h -upplv !' ammunition and head-, \\ith a ^uod -t'H-k of doth, wa- a preeautinn 'juite in place, ami a mu-ket ;i|>i--ee f, ,r hi- men eiiaMed them to juv-eiit a more !< inn idal tie d:-p!av, and hid a more -eriou- defiance it' it -hould IK- ne<-< -siry in pa-~in_ r the pugiiaciou- tnhe- lievoml the (.^uaiiu'". The Makololo had accumulate^ a con-idi -rahle amount of trea-ures, uhich mad-' it m-ci--arv to 'm-rea-e the partv l>v the addition of tw-nt\' carri'-r-, who were -upplied !-\' the Ui-hnp of' Angola. Tin jiartv had the compnnv of Mr. ( ial'iiel a- fir a- Icollo i \\ n_'o, \\her-- thev \'i-it--:>:ii Anna da Soii-a. : lad\ o-,\ ner of \a-t nnml>-r- of -lave.-, v, ho -;ii'-d to !>. ti'\']iiLT t" furi)l-h an illtl-tratloll ol h"\\ little ni. iv ! do:ii li\- a mult it ud'- iioininallv at work. Th'-v pa----d a!o!i-j -ome di-tam-.- m ar t he ri\ -T S. n/a. ( >f thi- r- _ r i 'ii I .i'. i!r_'-!"!i'' siv- : " The \\ h-.lt of t lii- parl of ih, : <-"ii;itrv i- enrnpii-eil ! iiiarlv tufa, 'onlainin^ the -aim- kind of ,.!I.M- a- tli"-' .1; pr- - nt ali\'e in tin- -<-a-*. A- \\ advamitl a-f -.-. ard a: id a-- nd- d t h- h;_ r h' r land-, \\ e found eruptive trap, MAKOLOLO HOASTINGH. ] jj which li:ul tilted up immense masses of mica and sand.-tono Behists. The mica schist almost alwavs dipj>ed toward the in- terior of the country, forming those mountain rangis of which we have already spoken as giving a highland character to the district of Golnngo Alto. The trap has frequently run through the gorges made in the upheaved rocks, and at the points of junction between the igneous and older rocks there are large quantities of strongly magnetic iron ore. The clavev soil formed by the disintegration of the mica schist and trap is the favorite soil for the codec; and it is on these mountain sides, and others possessing a similar red clay soil, that this plant has propagated itself so widely. The meadow lauds adjacent to the Sen /a and Coan/a being underlaid by that marly tufa which abounds toward the coast, and containing the same shells, show that, previous to the elevation of that side of the eountrv, this region possessed some deeply-indented bays." The men experienced much inconvenience now in travelling, because the hard, dry roads in the earlier part of the journey caused considerable soreness of the feet. But their minds were full of the wonderful things they had seen, and, like great chil- dren, they were ever planning narratives to be told when they reached their homes again, and composing songs in honor of their achievements. Thev would sav to their leader: "It is well you came with the Makololo, for no tribe could have done what we have accomplished in coining to the white man's eoun- trv. We are the true ancients who can tell wonderful things." Some time was spent in the neighborhood of Golungo Alto, enjoying the hospitality of the commander, M. Canto, who was deeplv interested in the improvement of the country. One of the most remarkable little creatures in all Africa came under the observation of Dr. Livingstone in this neighborhood ; and because the account is itself full of intere.-t, and localise the accuracy of it illustrates a feature in tin- character of the man, which has contributed verv largelv to the singular success of' his life, we prefer to give it fully in his own language. lie says: "Before leaving, I hud ;m opportunity of observing a curious insect which inhabits a tree of the fig family i Fi'-u#} upwards of twenty species of which are found here; seven or eight of them cluster round a spot on one of the smaller 1IJ HKMAKKAIU.K IXSttTS. branches, and there keej up a constant di.-tillation of a clear Huid, which, dropping to thf ground, form.- a little puddle l>clow. il'a vesfesel is placed under them in tin- evening, it con- tain- thrf or tour pints of fluid in the inornin<_ r . The natives' KIV that, if a drop falls into the eve,-, it i-ui-c- inHaninmtion of th->c or<_ r '.in-. To the question, whence i- tin- fluid derived, the people replv that the insects Mick it out of the tree, and our own natnrali-ts the frng-hopjMT Ajfhrnjthttrti tfiumiiriti), when full grown and furni-hed \\ith wins;-, luit while -till in the pupa state it i.- called ' < 'm-l;-,--j>it,' fr<>m tli - nia, of froth in which it envelops it. -elf'. The circulation i ;' Kip in plant.- in our climate, esjM-eiallv of the jrraminaeeji 1 , is i\. ,\ ijiii' k enough to vield much inoi.-ture. The African -p'cie- i- h've or -ix times the si/e of the Kn^'li-h. In the C;L-C c f liranehis of the fiir tree, the point the insivt- eouirre^uU 1 on HM)n markitl bv a number of incipient root.-, such a- are throw n out when a cutting i- in-crt-l in the ^nuiii'l i\>r the purpo-e < ' -lartin^ another tr--e. I l>e!ie\e that lioth the Kuj^li-h an 1 Alric.in in-eets belong to the .-a me family, and dilli-r only i,i -!/, and that the chief' part of the moisture i- derived from the atmosphere. 1 have it for naturali-ts to explain how the-e little creature^ tli-til hoth hv ni^ht and dav a- much water a- fliev pl'ii-e, and arc more inde|H'ii(lent than her ma|e-tv'- -tcam- -!iij~, with th'-ir a|parntu- fi>r conden^in^ -team ; for, without -o:il, th'-ir alitindant supplie- of' -ea-\\ater are o| no avail. I tried the following experiment: I 1 indin^ a cul. or c-.!f"r-ojl plant, 1 "lennd. d al'ii! 'Ji> inche- o|' t!,e bark on tip- trie ~\.\.- (1 j' the in-eet-, and -cmped a'Aav the inner bark. M> a- \H d'-"'"V 'ill the a.-ee||dill'_ r \c--el~. \ n^o ell! a hole I!) the 'ide ot'th' branch, reaching- to the mid'ile. a ;,d tin n cut out thf pi'li :nd inteni:il ve--.-U. Tii.' di-: ilia! ion \\:i- lli-ii L"'inu r <>n :if the rate ..f i .DC , ) r , ,j, ,:,,-!, i;7 -. . > .nd-. or a 1 '"'it '_' ounce- '>\ Iraclnu- in 'J 1 hour-. N-\t inoriiiiiL' 'h'- di -t ill.it i":;, -" tar from I- inj- alVicti-.l I,-, tb-- :it!.'iujit to -toj. the -iipjil:. >, -upjio- nrj the h.id ome ni through ih- bnuicli !i":a tbe trei', \\a- DISTRICT OF AMHACA. ].J.{ fnerea.-ed t<> ;i drop every 5 seconds, or 12 drops per minute, making 1 pint fib' ounces) in every 24 hours. I then cut the branch >o much that, during the day.it broke ; but they still went on at the rate of a drop every 5 seconds, while another colonv on a hranch of the same tree gavo a drop every 17 seconds oidy, or at the rate of ahout 10 ounces 4j drachms in 24 hours. I finally cut. oil' the hranch ; hut this \v:is too much lor their patience, for they immediately decamped, as insects will do from either a dead hranch or a dead animal, which Indian hunters soon know, when they sit down on a recently killed hear. The presence of greater moisture in the air increased the power of tlr'se distillers: the period of greatest activity was in the morning, when the air and everything else was charged with dew." A splendid country was tempting them, which could \K reached hy turning aside only a little to the west; and though deeply interested in the delightful district of M. Canto, the traveller contented himself to give up again the enjoyments of a home for the hard path. The country through which he passed hefore coming to the far-famed " Rocks of Pungo An- doiiijo " was not new to him, because it was on the route by which he came some months hi- fore. Then, however, he had been unahle to appreciate its beauties; indeed, unable even to notice the names and locations of points of interest as he passed them. lie was then so worn out hy lever that he had forgotten the davs of the week and the names of his companions. But now he could look away to the lofty mountains with real de- light, and the splendid valleys of the numerous little streams, teeming with herds and waving their agricultural wealth so proudly in his view, charmed him. In the midst of a land- scape so beautiful it was a disappointment to find only a paltrv village hiding itself as if ashamed in a reec.-s fit' the mountains. The town of Amhaca has the same hi>torv which makes nearK all of the towns of Angola ^lonmv : it i- the story of failure departed glorv. There were the ruin- of a church, and a jail in good repair, which tell< the whole storv of the I*ortuu;ie-e efforts in the country. The ehuivh >vsteri was ton benevolent; the Jesuit- loved the native- too much. The church did not fill the pockets of the Portuguese settlers ur allord a revenue to 141 CIIUIK'HKS Oil JAII>. the government. It sought the |>cople, more than what they lui'l. The ehuivh was Ixid jMiliey. Tin- government could reeeive more from jail.-. S the church was allowed to lxvom a ruin ; the jail was honored. It was a delu-io'i of spiritual blindness. The jail will l>e torn down -ome time or other where churches are allowed to fall. People do not reali/e the o>-t of jail.-. Larger revenms an- obtained bv strength of authority, by measures oi' force; it i- ignored that the revenue is consumed in creating the force, in -u-taining the authority. Kuler- have not fullv appreciated the greater \\i-dom of so elevating the iMiinle, at anv co^t, that everv man's conscience inav become a con-table who .-hall collect the due- of govern- ment and protect societv. It \va- pleasing and painful to find in the district of Ambaea some of the trace-, of the ^oojM-et, would ii.t --iti-t'v the m, -n \\ho \\e tru-t -i ne. rely doired their -alva- ti-.'.i tinallv and their emniicijiation now from the bondage of Iie:it!,'-n Iwlii-f'. \\'e \\ill hojie that a day may come -peedily \vln-n a wi-i-r rule and triiei- a^'-neie- -hall change efl'ei-tually thr Kol | '- of til.- l.eol.le, ;ui| e|l L r:i"e tl|el|| |||o|-e tl'IlK ill the -er\jce I I ot < Ini-t. Siir.lv ii i- a -.id nior|,, ry >; the Ma-fer'- eommi*- ;o;i in put hi- name on m.-n who-e heart.- continue in m^\ PUN'VO A N IXKMiO. degraded reverence of things inanimate. Livingstone was far from reflecting severely on the Catholic Church r her servants, but lit; could not fail to record a remonstrance, and he could not record with pleasure even the most conspicuous self- sacrifice, followed inevitably by such results. There could only be pain- ful meditations tinging the pleasing influence of nature's charm.- as the missionary explorer turned away from this hingularly favored and unfortunate district favored in having heard, unfortunate in having forgotten, precious, most vital things. Crossing the Lucalla, he bent his \vav towards the paradise of the eountrv. He says: " In all my inquiries about the vegetable products of Angola I had been invariably directed to Pungo Andongo." On reaching the wonderful place he found that the remarkable success of a single man in cultivating his large estate told the whole story of the reputation the district had gained. This man's name was Pi res ; he was corni'iander of the district. Coming to the country as a servant on a ;-hip, he had by industry made himself the richest man in all Angola. His residence and the fort are under the shadow of a group ot "columnar-shaped rocks, each of which is more than three hundred feet high." Of these mighty rocks Dr. Living-tone writes: "They are composed of conglomerate, made up of a great variety of rounded pieces in a matrix of dark red sand- stone. They rest on a thick stratum of this last rock, with verv few of the pebbles in its substance. On this a fossil palm has U'en found, and if of the same age as those on the eastern side of the continent, on which similar palms now lie, there, niav he coal underneath this, as well as under that at Tete. The asserted existence of petroleum springs at I)andc, and near Cambambe, would seem to indicate the presence of this useful mineral, though I am not aware of any one having actuallv seen a seam of coal tilted up to the surface in Angola, as wo have at Tete. The gigantic pillars of Pnngo Andongo have been formed by a current of the sea corning from the S. S. 1".. ; for, seen from the top, they appear arranged in that direction. and must have withstood the surges of the ocean at a period ot' our world's history when the relations of land and sea \veiv total Iv different from what they are now, and IOIILT before 'the morning stars sang together, and all the sons of God shouted 14f> ON THE ROAD. for jov to see the alxxles prepared which man was soon to fill.* The imbedded pun-is in tin- conglomerate are of gneiss, clay shale, mica and sandstone schists, trap, ami j>orphyry, most of which an- large cn>ugh to give the whole the ap|>earance of U'iiii: the onlv remaining vestiges of vast primeval bank* of shingle." Th<- little village, envirom-d hv thise huge, immovable sen- tinels, is entered by narrow pathways, across which there are beautiful little streams flowing, ami has the air of quiet ami almost eon-cir. Livingstone wen* more d-vte(l than ever, and the happy ennfulenee nnd comparative fn -^h lie-- of' the entire partv enaltlcd them t<< move on \\itli remarkable t:\cilitv, thoiit' a p"le, which i- plae- learn that the dividing of the burden strictly, an-ording to l 'e fa-hion of' the Celestials, would make their lalnir lighter siill. In the engraving of the n >r. Li\-in^-!nne t mounte<] mi hi- vigorous ox. in the iiii'l-f. The .Maki!"!i> cnnld nut ln^Mirne e\p-rt ri'l'-r- ; and f^iving-Jtitne him-i'lf, ind'-ed, t'oiind the nii-thid nf convevance, a- !unu~li'-d \>\' the particular animal wlneh had IM-I--I r:ii-' d t- id'- di_Miitv i>t' hi- -t<---d. attended with -<>mc in- i-O'lVelileliei -, ||| \vll|i'h the freijl|e||f |llii-t l| IlCefell H H I lull- pfe- eipitaf i"M- int'i iiinil or -and '>r thurn- < -r -t ream- figured con- pleU. ill- ! V. All a!"n_' the \\; t \- they-" \\-< ye |ia--in^ jartie< of traders and nati\i--. \\itli t!i-ir li'.iv\ Inad- (' lueyeliandi-e t'nr the market it I. .and. i. Tln-e ei.n-i-t.d ehi.-lly nf elephant.**' tu-k* and LILU'UTFAN MONSTKKS. M7 beeswax. The great number of these companies afforded ample opportunity tor the "true ancients" to tell how they had them- selves "entered the ships of the white men." The alienee in this region of those monsters of the forest whose attentions generally furnish incident for the traveller's story leaves us willing to notice creatures more insignificant. It is a question, though, whether a certain tiny individual who crossed J)r. Livingstone's path one day on Tola Mungongo may be despised in any company. This Liliputian monster w;is none other than a m/ cnf. Livingstone may tell his own story. "The first time," says he, "that I encountered this by no means contemptible enemy mv attention was taken up in view- ing the distant landscape, and I accidentally stepped on one of their nests. Not an instant seemed to elapse before a simul- taneous attack was made on various unprotected parts; up the tiowsers from below and on mv neck and breast above. The btes of these furies were like sparks of fire, and there was no n treat. I jumped about for a second or two, and then in desperation tore'offall mv clothing and rubbed and picked them olFseriatim as cjuicklv as possible. It is really astonishing how such small bodies can contain so large an amount of ill nature. They not onlv bite, but twist themselves around after the man- dibles are inserted to produce laceration and pain more than \\ mild be effected by the wound." These savage little wanderers ai e often seen moving 7 along in vast armies, and look as they cioss a path like a brownish-red band two or three inches wide. Such is their voracity, and such multitudes are there, that they will, during a single night, devour the larger part of an ox. They are the plague of rats and reptiles of all descriptions. Descending the heights of Tola Mungongo on the loth, and passing rapidly across the lovely valley as liir as Ca.-sange, Livingstone met again the kind welcome of the genial and generous Captain Xeves. and on the L'Sih he met the young man Cvpriano, who had .-o kindlv come to his assistance on the banks of the Quango, when the Bashange disputed hi.- right to passage. ]>nt the voting man had become so much a -lave of drink that he had hardly mean.- to afford plea-ant entertainment. Alreadv the trader.- were carrying this baneful article to the distant chiefs. It is sad indeed that with the van of civilization T1IK AGAIN. thi.t curse of tin- world must ever find its way, sowing in even* new-fuumi laiul the sect Is of a seomd tlegradution, dcejKT, if |x>.-ihlr, ami more ho|>elesd than that of utior ignorance and MijH-ixitiou. While the anxious lalmn r thought on this evil ami all the ill> of Africa, and cu-t hi^ thought.-* hack ov--r the strange condition of Angola under I'ortugucsc rule, he stotxl again l>v the hanks of the (^uan^o, arranging to enter the terri- t-irv of the l)a>li:uigc, who had learned uiily coveU)tisness and treacher from their white ST'I.I. . |;n KKT. CHAPTER VIII. LONDA OK LINDA. Lessons of Experience Sansawe'.s Demands -His Refusal A Blow on the Beard Revenue Changing the Time Dandies ami Belles Li/ards and Snakes - Seven Thousand Fowls tor Ten Dollars Many Village Mania The Sea- sonsSister of Mathunoo An Ox or a Man Strategy Trial l'<>r Murder Street Fight Dish of White Ants Lovely Bed of Flowers (iod in Nature A Noble Chief Shinte's Again -The Leelm Lite Once Mon Buffalo Hunt Libonta Welcome Thanksgiving Service A Matrimonial Drawt.ai-k Capsized in the Leeaiubye Sekeletu in Full Dress The True Ancients in White Promising Opening Preparation for the .Journey Going Eastward Parting Words of Manure The Tribute of Faithfulness. EXPERIENCE is a famous teacher; its tuition has much to do with a man's comfort anywhere, particularly in Africa. Dr. Livingstone had been the victim of the border chiefs because he was not absolutely certain that he could be anything else ; but he was of a different mind now, because he had learned that a decided independence was not only the safest course, but the kindest, as it would check in the outset the aggressions which no amount of patience could satisfy. Therefore, when la- pitched his tent among the Bashange this time by Sansawe's town he was in no mood to put up with the covetous imposi- tions of that presumptuous gentleman. The party was hardly settled, however, before he made his appearance, in true Balonda fashion, mounted on his carrier'- shoulders, and indulging in any quantity of palaver ; winding up, finally, with the expected information, that he would return in the evening to receive his dues, lie manifested a little surprise when his -upposed victim replied, with rather uncommon boldness that he need not come unless lie brought with him a present of a fowl and -ome e^'s. as a chief should. In the evening he came, in his wonted dignity, and after visiting the camps of' some traders, who paid quite extravagantly tor hi- favor, made his respect- to Dr. Livinstone and presented " two cocks." But when he re- '> A BLOW O.Y THK HK.UID. eeived tnly a few trifling articles, ami a >eriou< lecture in the bargain, lie was in a very utifrieiully humor. The quiet indif- ference of Livingstone was a hint, however, which the reputa- tion of thr Makilolo a mimler of whom he saw aliout hini, in |>o -i-Tv-ioii of fir-t-rate mu-ket cinpha-i/ed quite to his satisfaction, and then- was no mvat r trouble than his harmless frown. I5ut a little farther on, after tin- party had ascended from tin- vallfv and were on thr table land once rnorr, thrv met a more roolute indivi hardly possible that he >!nuld l>e anvthin^ < !-e than ill. drenched b\- dav in the iners- s;int niins, and s*ln % pin; at mulit ii such beds as thev wei'e alilr : rake nj) of the >at united earth and dripping trniss. He had Ix-eii foreiil to lie bv manv ila\'-, and was onlv partiallv recov- ered, when the incident referred to occurred. The said "head nan" had conic to his camp and u a- barir.iining and (juarrellini; \\ith -oine of hi- men, when on-- of' them, not overlv burdened \\ith the gentler (jnalitie-, adniini-tered a xtrihimf rebuke li>r > Ille offensive -peech. Nothing colllil atone lor the " blow on tie Iwanl." 1 lie mope the party yielded the more he de- irfandrd, until I^ivin^tojie determined to do no more and d -parted. Thev had not -..'one \ , |-\- far. and were iia^-iii" 1 I - . i f^ through a loi-e-t, when a body of mm came ru>hintr after them a:id initialed an alfrav l>v kinn-k i:r_r do\\ n the burdens ( i(' the men in the ri-ar. In an in-tant ih-- Makoliio were mi their in* tile and several shots were fire* I, and the two partie- were taking their plaos on the -ide- \ \\\<- |i.ith \\t\- more -eri.ins '.\ork. llardlv able to walk, Living-tone -'a .veered ouiekL' bi'-!v a'i'1 ene. iimtei-ed (lie chie)'. Tli:it i ni I i \ : , 1 1 ia 1 u a- hardlv pn-pared to wi-Iiiitne the appearane.' .,|' "a r, I-arr-'!- ^'apiir_' into hi- -toniaeh." and e\|iilii(,.,l Vej-ion "| fii-lin-jr in-tantlv, and, trembling in "'it, "<>!,. I have on!\ ci.mc to -|>.-ak \\itli hardlv MII-I- arv fi-i' the tra\-cl!er tc, in-i-t nnii-li on the (Vi-lit- en. d niob'i immediate departure, ami our partv pa-- d on in Klf-tV. IMNJ>IKS AND HKLLK.S. The interminable forests and flooded streams, and the stupid ignorance of the people who were found living in the gloomy n-eesses of the country, all contributed to the difficulty of their progress, and they had not yet come to the habitat of any interesting specimens of animal life. After crossing the L;i- jima, the party made u little "detour southward," in order to get off of the path of traders. Hardly anything is more dis- gusting and provoking than the air of importance of slightly informed people, and in this the petty African chiefs who have had some little intercourse with these traders are perfect masters. The innocent vanities of the generous inhabitants of the more secluded sections were rather entertaining than otherwise. It may be a pleasing bit of information to the large class of our countrymen of the Beau Hickman stamp, that even benighted Africa is well supplied with dandies of as various whims as those who dwell in the clearer light of American civilization. There is, for instance, in the d.-ep forests of Africa, the musical dandy, who, with the daintiest air, thumbs his iron-keyed i strument in matchless hum-drum the night long. Then thes- is the martial dandy, who, like his American counterpart, de- lights in the display of soldierly insignia in safe distance from scenes of strife. And there is the effeminate dandy, who is always seen dandling his canary in a cage. And the dandy absolute, "par excellence" in the list; an aimless fop, who de- lights in the display of himself, with "lucubrated hair and ornaments innumerable/' The ladies, too, who rejoice in their snowy poodles, may be pleased to know that their sable sisters, in the sequestered glens beneath an equatorial sun, arrange their strands of beads about their necks with greatest skill, and, esteeming themselves in full dress, are seen to simper artfully while they fondle their charming canine " pets." Civilization cannot claim a monopoly of the ornaments of society. For every young man standing on a corner in self-conscious attitud- inizing, there is a fellow, quite as self-conscims and fixed up in his way, standing about the paths and huts of Africa. And tor every woman who lavishes caresses and baby talk on kittens and puppies, there is in Africa a maiden or childless matron who dandles creatures like thorn quite as fondly, with equal prodigality of gibheri-h quite a- sentimental. It is so, on the word of a serious missionary, just as we write it- jr^ WOKT1I OF TKX DOLLARS. The nearest approach to Ix-asts of prey the party found, before ( -aching the river Moamba, which thev cro-M-d on the 7th of Mav i hit. 1 '>*' S., long. L'O 13' :\\" K.I, wen- the li/.ards, ::iice and scr|>ent.-, whose jM-ace thev oe<-i.-ionallv di.-tnrlx-d as t!ie\- .-tmggled through the gnis- and vine- which lav along the p-ute, and seemed to conspire with the /ig/ag path- to make the traveller's jirogn-.- as -low and wearying a- po ihle. There wa.- one consolation, though, in the delays and toilsome pp>'_'re : food wa.- cheajx-r and cheaper th" farther they left the Uirder- ot' the white settlers. For the value of' a pennv a dav !'>ur IWT-OII- could live on the fat ot' the land. Living-tone mention- a purchase of tobaceo which ( 'aptain Neves made three hundred and eighty pound- for two pound- sterling, in Angola. The same toUicco, in central Londa, would -nflicc t<. feed -even thoii-and JKT-OH- one dav, uivnii; each per-on a // and fifi" ji', anils ;' in-ul. Seven thoii-and fowl- and thirtv-five thousand pounds, of meal for altotit ten dollar-' worth ot' tobacco! One of the ino-t common annovances they sufl'ered in this journey wa- the di-jxi-it ion of the |>eople in everv trifling village to detain them. Thi- \\a- a inodc-t wav of impo-inmi--i"ii. Once Living-tone Ix-cainc thoroughly provoke*!, and attempted to advance without the (jnide. It mi^ht have lieen well enough in -oinc se< -I }<>]}-, 1 >u t the particular locality in which he cliaiic.il to be re-, to red hi- patience thoroughly, for after -triking out in vari"ii- directions, and everv time coming to a dead halt in impa able thicket-, he i_ r ave it up. 'I here wa- no counting the village^. The African ha- a re- rnarkalih 1 e:r_ f t rne-- fi.r manv villagi - : there are no lar^c t"\vn<. Kvervblv -ecni- to have only one ambition, and that i- t" liavr a village. If nnlv a man mav have a few hut- he i- a chief, in his own eye- at N-a-t. There \\ a- one thinu r \\liieli made the pp-ent t"iir m"r" unpleasant than tho-e in \\lii.h he \\a- jre- red'-d bv me--eiej'er- of the chief-, \\ho had formerly been -cut to ji"t ifv t !. \-iliaj-e- of the approach of " the \\ hite man." 'The >L'!i' "t a uhite man al'.vav- mtii-e- a tremor into thejr dark FEAR OF "WHITE MAN. ]-,.-, bosoms, and in every ease of the kind they apjM-ared immensely relieved when he had fairly passed without having sprung upon them. In the villages the dogs run away with their tails be- tween their legs, as if they had seen a lion. The women p-cr from behind the walls till he comes near them, and then hastily dash into the. house. When a little child, unconscious of danger, meets you in the street, he sets up a scream at the appari- tion, and eonvevs the impression that he is not far from going into fits. Such things are not calculated to make a man feel more at home there than anywhere else ; but it is hardly won- derful that it is so. A white man must be a singular apparition indeed to those poor people, and the more terrible because all that they have heard of white people has been of a sort to excite their fears. It has been the constant study of the Marnbari to prevent, as far as possible, the inhabitants of this secluded region ever thinking of going themselves to the white people. "We remember that the Makololo were constantly receiving warnings in which the white people on the coast figured as very monsters. After passing lat. 12, they began to enter the countrv of animals, but they were very shy, as is generally the case in Londa. It was now about the middle of winter. Of this season Dr. Livingstone says: "The countrv at this time is cov- ered with yellowish grass quite dry. Some of the bushes and trees are green ; others are shedding their leaves, the young buds pushing off the old foliage. Trees, which in the south .tand bare during the winter months, have here 1 but a short period of leaflessness. Occasionally, however, a cold north wind comes up even as far as Cabango, and spreads a wintry aspect on all the exposed vegetation. The tender shoots of the ever- green trees on the south side become as if scorched : the leaves of manioc, pumpkins, and other tender plants are killed ; while the same kinds, in spots sheltered by forests, continue green through the whole year. All the interior of South Africa has a distinct winter of cold, varying in intensity with the latitudes, In the central parts of the Tape Colony the cold in the winter is often severe, and the ground 5* covered with snow. At Knruman snow seldom falls, but the frost is keen. There is frost even as far as the C'hobe, and a partial winter in the l">i SISTKi: OF MAT! A MOO. Iiarot.-e valley, but l*-vond tin* Oran^r river we never have cold and damp etHuhiued. Indv 1. a .-ho\\vr of niin >eld>m or iit-viT fall.- during winter, and ln'in-" tin- ln-nlthiin of tin- livh- ir.uia climate. 1'Yom ilr- RUM;-.,- valh-v northward it is ques- tionable it' it e\vr lr -e/c- ; but. during the piv\ 'ah-nv of the -nth wind, tip' thermometer .-ink- a- l"\v a- I'J , and eonvevs tin- iiii|)re.s.-ion f hitter enld.' " Hut." .-av- he, " nothing can evot-d the leautv <>f the rhauj; frm tin- \\iutrv ajijiearancv t< that of -priiiir at K"l,!cn^. I'n-vii.n- i the <-<>intnenceinent >t the rain-, an < -a-trrlv wind llo\v.- -tron^K liv dav hut die-j a\vav at in_ r ht. I he el-Hid- <-'ille,'t in nr -r> a-i:i_: ina -, ami relievo i:i -Mine nii-a-iire the hri^ht ^lan- <-f the -oinherii -nn. Tie v.'ind drie> iij' i-vi-rvtliinjj, and when :i! it- ^re:i!e-t -tr.'H^th f< hot and rai-e- cl.iiid- of dii-t. 'J h- genera! teni|iera'tire durir g the dav ri-<^ a!io\'<- !'') : tic 11 >h"\\er- 1- _in to t':t!l ; and if the ;_ r round is I ml mirr \v-ll -o;ik-d \\ jth a ;_ r o . i d.i\ '- rain, the ehairrc prodii'-ed i- marvellous. I n a dav or t wo a tin^' 1 of ^iven i- a.- jiar- nt all "Ver the land-'"i]ie. and in live . .j- -i\ dav- the fiv-h h-ave- -jir'iutin j furt h and th-- vmin^ L r ra shooting up ^iv<- au apjH-araurt- of -jiriii'^ which it I'e-juire- week- of a enliler cli- 111 lie Jo |iIMihlee." < )ii" of the jih-a-ant<-t -|ii-ode- "!' thi- journey, -o full <,f v-\atio!i- iiiijii-it ions and -hrewil atteiitmn-. \\a- the real kind- ii'-- of a female rhief, -i-ter if the late Matiainoo, who-e villain \va- next // rn, fn>m the .me MI \\h:' - h 1 )r. Living-tone's trulv S-i.rti-h etVort at independence \-.a- -o lla: a failure. She wa- -o ladvlike and jjniecful in her att'-nM'in- and -o lilx-ral, that Li\-iir_'-t"!ie felt the ae. jnaintaii'-e alino-t a eninpeu-at ion fir the firmer ineivilities. U> tl euiirte-y i- ii"t cunfined to e.i'ir'- and eitv inan-ion-. nor the peculiar charm of eivili/atioi). Tii- ! i- a eivilitv of the -"til u hi- 1 1 i- more del ! -ate and helpful than the firmalities i,f nin-t i!ahank, ira/ini; with apparent inditl- Tence mi the stream, ami made an accurate observation of \vlu -re the canoes were hidden amon^ tlie ni-d-. The ferry- men cu-nallv a-ked one of my ISatoka it' they had livers in IMH eountrv, and he answered with truth, ' Ni, \ve have none.' Kawawa'- people then tell Mire they could not cross. Tiny thought nf swimming when thev were -j;otie ; lut alter it was dark, liv the nna-ked loan of one of the hidden canoes, they -..on were -mi'.: in bivouac on the southern hank i' the Ka-ai. Thev left -otnc beads as pavtnent for -ome meal which had IHTII pn--eiited I iv the ftT rvti leu ; and, the canoe having IMHMI left on their own -ide of the river, Pit.-anc and hi- c<>in])anions laughed nproarioti-lv at the di.-.rn-t our enemie- would feel, am] their ]erple\itv a< to who had leeii our paddler aei-o-<. 'I hev were (jnite >nre that Kawawa would imagine that thev had IMH-II ferried over liv hi- own people, and would ! divining to find out who had done the deed. When ivadv to depart in the morning. Kawawa'- people appeared on the oppo-jte heights, Uld collld -eai'eclv Keiieve their eves wllCll theV -a\V Wi' \\ere prej>arer h.-arl l---ni -- a- lor i'_ r noranci-. The chief wa- iud_"', jury, and attorney, all in him-df. The arraiirned wa- a woman who \va- aeeu-.-d of ha\'in_ r caii-ed the death of anoth'-r uoman. '1 h- aceu-' r wa- I'-Hiii;/ ln-r -torv. when th^ "nirt," \\ !io had paid no att.-nt ;..n to th'- -tatement. except -imply to not!.-,, d,,. nature of the charge, -uddenlv lmr-t I'irth, " ^ on have killed one of mv i-liildr.-n, \our- an- mine, l>rin^ th'-m all to me," and the po, ,r woman had to oiiev and -ee nil "t hi-r children pa-- into -lavi-rv. \\hile thi--e trilie- mani- !e-:e.| a oine\\hat iH-lli'jcrent -pint to our partv. thev are tren- rallv 'juite di-iiielin.-d ' -ettle their per-onal di-jnit-- liv finv >t arm-. lint now and then individuals atnon-j the I'.alondn :ir>- known t" clinch. ( )\\ one icca.-|on. an old woman standing A FUST FICIIT. l.Vj bv I^r. Ijivingstonc's camp continued to belabor :i good-looking voting man for hours with her tongue. Irritated at last, he uttered sonic words of impatience, when another man sprang at him, exclaiming, " How dare you curso my ' .Mama'.'' Th^y caught cadi other, and a sort of pushing, dragging, wrestling match ensued. The old woman who had been the cnti.-e of the affray wished us to interfere, and the combatants themselves hoped as much ; but we, preferring to remain neutral, allowed them to fight it out. I tended by one falling under the other, both, from their scuffling, being in a state of nudity. They picked up their clothing and ran off in different directions, each threatening to bring his gun and settle the dispute in mortal combat. Only one, however, returned, and the eld woman con- tinued her scolding till my men, fairlv tired of her tongue, or- dered IMT to be gone. This trifling incident was one of interest to me, for, during the whole period of my residence in the J>ee- huana country, 1 never saw unarmed men strike each other. Their disputes are usually conducted with great volubility and noisy swearing, but thev generally terminate bv both parties bursting into a laugh. Among the many delicacies with which this wonderful land tempts the epicure is a singular little " white ant," which many of the natives consider good enough ibr anybody. Thev are unseen, generally, and only when decided to colonize do they rush out of holes, in streams, and enter on a tour of inspec- tion ; when thev have discovered a desirable location, thev alight and with singular facility " bend up their tails, unhook their wings" (which may be removed from the body without any inconvenience if turned forward), and begin with greater diligence the erection of their homes. When those colonies are ready to start lor a new district, they are nothing daunted even by lire, but pass through it with a heroism worthy of more elevated beings. Thev arc caught bv the natives (who are quite skilful in brushing them into vessels) and roasted, in which state they are considered better than the choicest things the " white man " can produce. South of the Kasai they traversed extensive plains covered with beautiful flowers and birds. The flowers \\vre of tinic-t dimensions and most exquisite delicacy, and had the appraran.'t.' loO G<>n IN NATl'KK. in many phi".-- of tin- riche-t carpet. A wonderful tiling about thi- r-ph-ndid fabric of nature'- \vt-avin^ '.\a- that it displayed the phfMiommon of -ueo--ivf Kami-, perhap- a hundred vanls in width. th'--e band- all of ilillerent hue-. In one the golden hue prvvaih-d, ainl the Mower- vnri- d in -hade from " palest lemon to richc-t orange." Anoth- [ hand wa-Mite; in .-hade from thf lijhtot tint- to tin- deep,-t color. ( >MC flower mi tln-c plain* attracted particular attention. I'M-MILT -lcvatcl hut uli^htly liv it- tiny -talk, tlii- little i_ r '-ni -ei'in< to ! >et in the ^roiiii'l ; " it- leav- are cnver,-l with n-.Mi-li hair-," out of the tiji- ot which f\i).li- a llui'l, cl.-ar an>l ^lutiut' de\\ <>r rieln-r p arl-. Trulv it i- wnuiii'l'tll] how I'ichlv and how -kilt'n'iv the -jr.-at Architect and Jiuildi't'iii onr tei-|-'--!rial home ha- \\ roii_ r ht of all thiii'j- a para- /li-e t->r n~, \\ho-e wealth and Ix-autv are confined to no >in^!c /one, and are inexhail-tihle, though \\v <-\pl.,rc the -ea or land or ri-e amid the -tar- r d'-l\c in deep.--t earth. And it i- wondcrful how in it all he hath wrought hi- uwn iina_ r e, and hv all thin_'- teaeheth of him-elf. Thci-,- ai'.' -teadlii-t inoiin- tain-. which tell oj' -tretr_'th ; and tlo\\'-r-. nl' tt-nderiios. There are oei-an- \vho-e iniv-.-ii". in_ r cl>i> and HOW inunntir of ctcrnitv. The -tar-, -hilling cvcrv where, - 1 1 _'_'. -t hi- oinniprc-fiicc. Tin- -11:1, nil;:i_r all tin- realm-, proclaim- hi- autlmritv. And tin-re are encircling In-aven- whieh hint \' hi- t'licirclinj; -ar-', while all thiii'_r- -peak of <^< .odiie . A lid. thank- he to ( iod. nature t.-ll- all tin- -Joj-v, in Atr;ea a- in Am- rica. It i- onlv left fl ,r the -p.'.-ial de.-d of -ji-acr t" -pre; id it - power alu'oad, cor- p-'-tin_ r tin- -p<-.-ial !>!ind:i--- of man incurred hv-juilt; then (l"d'- liken.--- -hall \- -< n and hi- ul'TV -land revealed in all hi- work-. Living-tone Ix-came riiiiyinced at thi- time that tin- latitude of I/ik' hilolo i- n-allv the diviilin^' line of the water- ; the ria'r.' - had notiei-i] tin- and remarked i: to him in advanci 1 ot' hi- own mv'--t i'_'Mt lo;i- indeed. lit had -iiMi-ivd hi- hundred :nd t went \----vent h attack ot I' \-i r n tin- h'-autilul |>lain- of Ki-ii and wa- . f- .!! thit he coiil-1 hardlv \\alk.atid la- ni'-ntcd hi- inalti'.itv to examine i-ari-lullv a rc_-ion \\hii-h In- cnn-idefed -' \ 1 : n ..' ! \' itupoi'tatit. I'.iit hi- -nil-Tin _-- \\ < ro too jreat.and th- addi'i-nal anxietv v, lueh the vomiting of A N01U.K CHIKF. ]f,l blood awakened made it exceedingly doinhlc to advance with as little delay as possible. Making all po>.-ible expedition, ;ill his wonderful energy aiul strength of will need to be in constant exertion against the; depressing influence of tin- droarv flat country with its deep forest gloom. Possessed of that nature which finds congenial eoinpunionship in the hold and beautiful mountain seenerv, and in the wide ever-heaving and foaming oeean, there was no prison-house; conceivable m.re terrible than such dull and dark monotony. And with then-fined taMes of thorough culture he could not submit to the isolation of societv so absolutely wanting in the slightest shadow ,>f eongenialitv, exeept in the most entire obedience to dulv and unreserved con- secration of soul and body to others. Such a life is noble and sweetened by the love of Christ, but it is still a life of pain. Self-immolation may be cordial and Christ-like, but it is agonizing. Leaving the Lake Dilolo by toilsome marches, the partv at length entered the friendlv village of Katema, on the old route, the 12th of .June. He had now been three vears awav from the Cape. They were no longer troubled by ur.kind impositions; the people everywhere manifested much sympathy and respect. Katema inspired Dr. Livingstone with real respect for him bv the generous and manly bearing which distinguished him in their intercourse. He says: '" He desired me to rest myself and eat abundantly, and took care to see that I had the means of doing so. When he visited our encampment, I presented him with a cloak of red bai/.e, ornamented with uo!?xrt of a present before making an offer of it to his mother, or the departed spirit to whom lie praved. Katema asked it' I could not make a div for him like the on< I wore. >o that he mi^ht appear as a white man when anv stranger vi>ited him. One of the councillors, ima^inim; that he ouu'ht to .-econd this 102 THK I.KKHA. liv begging. Katema checked him lv saving, ' Whatever strangers give, be it little <>r much, I alwavs receive it with thankfulness, and never trouble them for more.' ( )n departing, he mounted on the shoulders of hi.- -]>oke.-nian, a- the nio-t dignified mode of retiring." An equally plea-ant reception wa- waiting for him at Shinte'a town. Ami it delighted \\\< heart t<> "It-erve that the infor- mation he was able to give that ehief'nf tin* u-e- to which .-laves were jiiit in Angola, and the pi-'>"f he jave of the extortions of the Maml>ari, .-eemed t> i.jM'ii hi eye- it. the evil of allow- ing his -ubjeets carried awav int.. lw>ndage. And parting on good terms with him and hi-. JK-. iple, he ja--ed up tin- eniintrv. Procuring c;iniM-s of thi- ladv, the partv launched on,-,- mure .:i the nolilo L'-eKa, who~e charming -e. n.-rv had in v< r faded from their thought. 1 * in all their wandering. Kveryihing wa- life along tho-e hanks; all the old familiar game and the more -ava^e In-.L-ts made tin ir apjM-aranee fnipiciilly, lint wej-e t -autioiM to ei.me within the range i' the L. r| ni~. The -j-ht )' >. manv glo-.-v hide- and to--ing antler- e\eit d a craving t-r "a ^..od meal of meat." Hi- tonth Ix-eanie -o eager \',,\- .-.Tviee in tliat line that Living-tone ln-gan to look ratln-r undeeid< -dl\- mi hi- faithful old o\, " Sin/, >ii!," \\lueli had earned him .-o manv liuu- dn-d mile-. lint the Makololo had come to count Sinliad a- one of the party, and their gentle prote-t \\a- allowe\ jarne. th'- partv liad |ia--ed the fo;iflue|iee of tfie I,.-.-lia and !< aml'Ve Keforc th.-\- had a fea-t of t!'--!i. I!i'- \va- 'jivi'ii them li\- -time hunter- '.\h'UM tln-v nut. I r. in_'-tone had I.eeti -o l..n_- i. ui ..f the land "f _'ani<- that In- hid I -t hi- -Kill and ini-ed .-v.-rything !" -hot at. .\'>ul t h . - T i IIP\ IP >'.-. ' \ i r, IP- d> 'ten ii i in d I' i t r\ and f' I rii-ve hi- P-pn tatii'ii \\iih I'P- jun ; and h.i\in_ r WoUinli-d a /'-lira, he -l.>\vlv fo||m\i-l al'iii-/ "ti t!,.- tra'-l. "t hi- in n \\ IP. had 'ji\i-n il eha-e. \\'hil.- ihii- alone. I,,- -ndd.-nlv di-e,,vi-rei| a -injl.- l.iitValo. a liT/f linll, ru-hing niad!\ t-.'^aid him. lie -a\\ "ii!\ "lie tree on 1 IP- plain, and that -oiin- d :-t.ni' > otV; t here \\ a- i-vidciii I v n< MAKOIX)LO RECEITION'. j^;j escape, and he calmly raised his gun and waited for the moiwter to come near enough for a fatal shot in the forehead. We have noticed before his opinion of this animal. Nothing is more trying than just such a position awaiting such a charge. J'ut the moment came. The aim was true and the tremendous ani- mal bounded aside and rushing to the brink of the river fell dead. Livingstone felt it to be an occasion for gratitude to God that his life had been preserved. The arrival at Libonta was indeed a great occasion. This, it will be remembered, is the border town of the Malvdolo author- ity. They had never been received before with siidi demon- strations of joy. Livingstone's description of this scene is lull of interest. " The women," says he, "came forth to meet ir-, making their curious dancing gestures and loud lulliloos. Some carried a mat and stick, in imitation of a spear and shield. Others rushed forward and kissed the hands and cheeks of the different persons of their acquaintance among us, raising such a dust that it was quite a relief to get to the men assembled and sitting with proper African decorum in the kotla. We were looked upon as men risen from the dead, for the most skilful of their diviners had pronounced us to have perished long a_io. After many expressions of joy at meeting, I arose, and, thank- ing them, explained the causes of our long delay, but left the report to be made by their own countrymen. Formerly 1 had been the chief speaker, now I would leave the task of' speaking to them. Pitsane then delivered a speech of upward of an hour in length, giving a hiiddv flattering picture of the whole jour- nev, of the kindness of the white men in general, and of Mr. Gabriel in particular. lie concluded by saying that 1 had done more lor them than they expected ; that I had not onlv opened up a path fiir them to the other white men, but conciliated all the chiefs along the route. The olde-t man prc-eiit ro-e and answered this -speech, and, among other things, alluded to the disgust I felt at the Makololo for engaging :n marauding expeditions against Lechulatehc and Sebolamakwaia, of which we had heard from the first persons we met, and which mv com- panions most energetical Iv denounced as ' mashue hela. 1 en- tirelv bad. lie entreated me not to lose heart, but to reprove iSekeletu as mv child. Another old man followed with the lf>4 THANKSGIVING SERVICE. same entreaties. The following dav we ol*served as our thanks- piviii^ to "iir friends. Mv mm Jerked themselves out in tlu-ir U>t. and I found that, although their j^ood- were finished, they had managed t<> .-ave suits of Kuroj>can clothing, which, Ix-ing white, with their ml caps gave them rather a dashing ap- [x-aranee. They tried to walk like the soldiers they had soon in J^ianda, and called themselves my 'braves' (batlubani). I>tiriiiL r the >erviee tiny all sat with their guns over their shoulders, and excited the unbounded admiration of the wonim and children." It wa- a seene lor angel*' cvr heathen awav from their own j>mwe and their charms and himself to (Jod's jjoxMlncss in n-turnini; them >alely, after so lon^j a time and -neh hardships. Thev heard him irladlv, and were lavi-h of ^it't.- ; almo-t everv dav o\m wen 1 -lau^htered. 'I'hev manif->tetl no emio-rn al'Ut ^if'l- for them- -clvi> ; thev were only ulad to v,. r jh,. whole parlv back ,-at'elv, ami were ininittliutrlv en^a^ed in collii'tin^ tusks fur a second joiiniev. The rejoirin^; of the. men, after -o lonj^ an absence, at bemt; oiirc mun- in their own coimtrv, had some drawbacks in cer- tain rhaujji-s that time had wrought. Their \\i\e- had in maiiv in-tanee.- <_rr>wn \\earv of watching, and found a Milaee tor their jriefin the \ver ted \\ith the i'ei 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 e|-. that after their lo thev -till hail more wive> than he. I'.u! that \va- an nn-atis- t'aetorv rifl'i-tion, in view of the faet that "\\hile tln\ were toiling another ua- devouring their eorn." < >n the l.",'h of Anjn-t. the part\ \>\"\ Naliele and uere t'lid- |[l_'.lioHL r \ ef\ Iplletlv when, Illo-t II ||e\ pei tei 1 ! \', (l|e\ \S e|'e fe- mi nd-d of' the f'aet that I hi -V were no longer ill the litl-h-- bonier ryion. 'I he hip|Hi|Htamu- \\ hieh -t rnek the boat b IN >1 it <;KANJ> OATIII-:KIXk derisively, " What h:is happened?" The river villages had much the appearance of two years lx>- fbre. The entire descent of the Leeambvc \vas a sort of ova- tion heeause of the jov of the villagers. Then- was another grand gathering at Linyanti. And the " braves," " the true ancients, who had seen wonderful things," told their storv to their hearts' delight. The facts had lost nothing !>v the wav ; facts hardly ever seem to he diminished by repetition. Seke- letu created a decided sensation when he appeared in his colonel's uniform. The presents of strange and wonderful things were received as unquestionable evidences of the truth of the most marvellous accounts which the man could give. But when the braves appeared in their white suits, and sat in the circle:- with their guns resting on their shoulders like real '' braves/ it was a signal lor the delight of wives and the envy of women generally. The old looked serious, the voting looked delighted. Events were pointing toward the grandeur which no tribe could hope to rival. The delight was innocent and commendable. In looking back on his journev from Linvanti, Livingstone felt that there was indeed a great obstacle to missionarv enter- prises in the character of the forests, tlte denseness and mukuess of the growth, and in the floods which occasion snrh virulent fevers. But he believed, nevertheless, that the interior of this country presents much more inviting fields for mis-iouarv labor than the western coast, where successful stations have been so long in operation. Though he suffered so greatly him-elf, I could easilv see how the habits of ordinary missionarv life would protect a man against such ills in lar^e measure. ( 'oinparing the interior with the west coast, he say-: "There the fevers are much more virulent and more speed! Iv fatal than here, for from 8 south they almost invariably take the intermittent or least fatal type; and their effect being t<> enlarge the spleen, a com- plaint which is best treated bv a change of' climate, we have the remedy at hand by passing the I'O'h parallel on our wav -outh. But I am not to be understood as intimating that anv of the numerous tribes are anxious for instruction : thev are not the inquiring spirits we read of' in other countries; thev do not do- 1ft) PLANS FOH THE FfTfKK. bin- tin- gos|)cl, lx.fauso they know nothing ulx>ut cither it ot it> hciU'tiUi ; l>ut there is no impediment in the wav of in-true- tion. Kvt-ry head man would !* proud of a Kuro|H.iui visitor or resident in hi- territory, ami there i.- perfect -eeurity lor lite ami property all over the interior country. Tin- ;ivat harriers whit h have kept Africa shut are the unhealthiness of the co:iM, an population have mine into eontaet with the re-t of mankind. Rare has niueh to do in the pn>ent cireuni-tanet-s of' nation- ; \ t -t it i- probable that the unhe;ilthy eoa-t-eliniate ha- r>-ac|-d on tin- jM-oplc, and aided both in jH-rpetuatini; tlieir o\\ n de;jnidation and preventing those more inland from having intercourse with the re-t of the world." Mav we not hope that the yrowini; inter<--t in thi- va-t de- gnuleil continent will oven-onn- .-ueh barriers, and e-ial>li-h -ueh c-oinmiini^itioij with tli' vuin- ti'iKc- of' th<- interior a> will make the nio-t abundant labors for their ouivi r-i-ui not onlv po~>iblc but attnietive '.' I ( i- only ju>( to the mi-.-innarv, that we ivmembt -r, in the hi>torv of the explon-r, that I >r. Livin^- .-toii'- \\a- ii"i s|M'iidiiiir hi- life in idle, aimli-- wandering*, through anv l-i\'e of ad v-nt mv or devotion oidv t" -eicnec. but that hi- iiii^ht op. n a hi-^hwav to tin- interior of Africa, in order (Mat )) mi'_;ht e-tal)li-h a mi--ion .-tatn-n thei'e on a permanent l.a-i-. 'n pnr-uaiii-e of ihe idi-a \\hii-h had alleete*! i-omewhat his action in returning di reel I v f'roin I.oanda to Linyanti, he now di-'-idi-d to follow ili.- /aiiibi--i to tin- ea.-ti-i-n eo:i-(. and wa> parri.-uiarlv i-n.-oiira_'-d t do ihi-, :i> tin ir \sa- a ^<><\ pro-pi-et .f water f'n-ilitii-- all tli- way. In tin- mid-t 4' the prepara- tion- t'or tlii- n.-\\ joiii'iii-v, Li\ ni'_'-!"ii>- found abundant einplov- m-iit in-' nil t in-j- th<- p.ii|il<- and hi-aliiii: (heir -iek, and - Kin^ to P form tii'-ir id- :i~ a'-'ordiiiL' \ th>- < 'hn-:ian -t.mdard a- f.ir a- i-ouid i . I'.ut hi- l;il>o|- \\:i- Y irtane*', ' THK TRim.'TK To I-'AITHFrLNKrtS. the discouragements of it called lor prayer. There was DM ex- cuse tor retreat. His hand wa.s on the plough: In- would not look hack. " The mother of Sekeletu prepared a hag of ground-nuts, by frviug them in cream with a little suit, forming a kind of ,-and- wichcs, which constitute a dish which the Makololo con.side: lit for a king." Sekeletu appointed a man named Xthirtlm and Knnyati to head the party which should attend him. Mamiiv, who hail married the mother of Sekeletu, culled for a parting word. " You are," said he, "going among a people who can- not be trusted because we have used them badly ; but you go with a different message from any they have heard before, Je-u- will be with you and help you though among enemies, and if lie carries you safely and brings you and Ma Robert back again, I shall say he has conferred a great favor on me. May we ob- tain a path wherein- we may visit and be visited by other tribes and by white men." This was the most influential man in the triln', and his interest in the enterprise of Livingstone was C the reward of his faithfulness, Dr. Living-tone wa> thus adopted bv the children of the wilderness, and was allowed to employ tneir o'.vn energies and resources in opening a way for Christianity. CHAPTER IX. THK NKW I.Xl'F.MTlnN. j^ke!'-: 1 !'* Ki'liw- K.x |ilanati'in f it I'ruviilrnrt* in hi- Work Novtnbn ."!, 1 - ' Ti-rril'lf St^nu Two Iluiulr<-.l Mi-n in l.iiif Tin- Niaijura of Africa -Vj.-i..ri.i I'. ill-- Il.iinl'ow ami Sii|H-r-tiU"ii 'I'll-- l'..i'..k:i -A Nt-lwnrk of l:i\.-r- Th- l.\|.!anati .n Tra.liti.ni- -Tln-l'ir-t \\liU.-M.iii--liat.ikaCliii-ls - I',.i!. L:i It. !..!- I'd.' i:.i.-1rrn lli'L'i- I . .nu'i n _ l'..r t/tiirt -'Jat.-k.:*, (irlu-r- ..-ity \ |:.-.-.-|.U.,M I.ivii../-t..i,,.-> r.,ur.,-.- I'.-Wi-r .! t!i.- ('.-|..-1 Aw,.I \Vlii:.- M.'i. An Iii.-i.l.-ni Mi, -i.. nary Inlln.-ii,-.- \nim.i!- I:-l!:i!.. I'.inl l:h:ii... - I'.ir.l >..l,|i,-r Ant- \Vliit.-Ani- A n I !!. |.h.int 1 1 unt Kl. |.hftiit' Ch.ira.-ti-r lirliau airl Al'riian ( 'n!ii|iarcil -I>i>n tlir l.ii-it". Ii i- intcnstin^ to ftlisrrvc; tli<- rcsuliiit'ss with whicli the M:ikuln]ii put th-in~cl\-(- ;i^:iin at tin- x-rvirr nf I )r. Living- stone in lu~ ctliirt- to lirinj the ti'lln- inti> <-oiii!iiiiiin-ati(i:i \\ith tin- \\ hite jic(i|ilr ami open the In -art- ol' A t'rieu to the <\ n i pal hie- ot' the ('hri-tian \\orM. The wnncU-rful lile-\virk o(" ihi- i_Teat man, pruM-cuti 1 *! -o lun^ ami taithi'tlllv in Atriea. ji|-e--ni- a jilea~in_ r e.(iitr;u~t with maiiv of the. ntrrpri-is nt' explorer-, Which have l>ee|l attelldcil Wltll ^I'eat. e\pell-e ami the v|nalh'-t re-nil-. \\nli th" ine< in-nleralile silarv o| a ini--ionarv, I.iv- i!)L r -!"!i'- had traversed alreadv maiiv ot' the ultx-iirc^t wild<, awakiir_ r IH-'.V a-|irat ion- m \'arioii- trilx- hitherto unknown. -otieinn-j the jm-jndici-i o(' dilli-rent M-etimi-. and nei 'iir:iL. r m^ a -pirit "I trateniil N anioii'^ t h"-e pet t v -< iveivi^nt ie- \\ Ineli proni- i-ed tn ripen m!o a -\'-tem of kindlv inten-Miir-e that inav event nallv -nli-iitnte cunlidenee fur di-tni-l and Imiie-i ti'ade lor plunder and war. And no\\ he -et- tul'tli mi a- loii'_ r a jmirnev. -o ahtindant Iv prnvidcuritv and in love with honor. The singular co-operation of the wild trilx-s with a lonely missionary for the accompli.-h merit of ends which might dignifv the noblest civilization, furni.-hes ix commentarv on the missionary and on the tribes, unsurpassed in history. lint it ought not to be wonderful that a single Christian man should penetrate even those wilds and summon about him friends eager to help him, for there is a power of kindness mightier than the word of kings, and there is a providence of (Jod mightier than prejudice. We cannot fail to perceive the presence of an influence more beneficent than chance and more sagacious than human wisdom in the events which were gradually con- verting the life of Livingstone into that of an explorer. And we cannot fail to perceive an influence superior to that of in- tellect emanating from this divinely appointed man. An edict had gone forth among those tribes mightier than the desire of a hundred missionaries, commanding their favor for tlm-e new enterprises, and a law was prevailing in the camps of those voluntary followers more potent than any outward show of authority. The sign of the cross was the unseen banner over Livingstone, the love of his heart was the unseen power of the man: both were new in Africa : both are powerful everywhere. By the -favor of God and the power of love he enlisted the most ignorant and degraded men in the highest and holiest service. I low real and how abundant their interest was is man i lifted in the cordiality and perseverance of their attention. A more warm-hearted and resolute body of men was hardly ever seen than assembled on the 3d of November, is.")."), at the town of Linyanti, to attend the "friend of Scbituane " on his journev to the sea. Sekeletn himself accompanied him as far a- the splendid falls of the Zambesi, and with his own eyes saw that the large company which he had furnished for the expedition were well under way and thoroughly equipped. Before thcv hail reached that point indeed, while still in the vallev of the Chobe, before reaching Sesheke, the party encountered one of those ter- 170 TWO HUNDRED MEN IN LINE. riblc storms which distinguish Africa pre-eminently. The storms <>f Africa oven are wilder than in other lands; the clouds are deeper and blacker and more angry-looking ; the thunders are hoarser and heavier, and lightnings flash more vividlv. That night was made absolutely dreadful ; the swift successions of pitchy glixjm and glaring brilliancy as of the heavens on lire wen- U'wildering and terrifying ; and a pelting rain, increasing the discomforts of the hour, initiated the new enterprise which wa- to be full of weariness and adventure. Including the personal attendants of Sekeletu, the party com- pri-ed about two hundred men when it left Sshcke. One hun- dred and fourteen of these had been assigned as the special companions of I>r. Livingstone. Some of the partv floated along in cawws, while others marched along the bank with the oxen. They were following the same river which they had (inrrnili'il in the former journev. There is not properlv anv dis- tinction to be made Iwtween the Leeambve and /aml>e-i. Thev are names applied to the same stream in different section- of the country. The distinction which has been made bv -oiue writers is not sustained bv the ol>ser vat ions of I>r. Livingstone or other travellers who have reached its banks ; both name* inijilv "/// //'/-," and are applie, cnimtri/. The grand, indescribable, mysterious M-enery w;us a fitting attendant of the song of the Ijoatmen, which ran, "Tin- I/ecamhve! nolxxly known Whither it COIIH-S ur wliillit-r it foes," ati'l acrordel well with the fable-; which were told of mighty m"M-ter- whieh sometimes held the canoes of the nafive.s rno- ti"iile-- on the -nrface; and constituted a splendid introduc- tion to thi- "' grande-t seene in all Africa," w'hich wa< -oon i< biif-t on h- view of the traveller: for the Niau'ani of Africa WM- at hrmd. Thi- wonderful -pot has alwav- in-pin-d the ignorar.l inh.ibit- nnt- fpf ih'- countrv with awe; th-v onlv view it from the dis- tance. It- eolniim^ of ^moke like ini-t towering toward tlw rlond- and it- roar like antrrv thunder i- all they know of tin: mv-t'Tv, where the Leeatiibye i- lo-t in an awful chasm. Ther THE XIAOARA OF AFRICA. 171 rail the wonder Mosioatunya, "smoke sounding." I'ut Living- stone culled it Victoria. "After twenty minutes sail from Kalai," he writes, " \ve came in sight, for the fir-t time, of tin- columns of vapor appropriately called 'smoke,' rising at a di-- tance of five or six miles, exact Iv a.- \vlien large tracts of gra>- nre burned in Africa. Five columns now aroearcd to mingle with the clouds. Thev were white below, and higher up became dark, so as to simulate smoke yerv closely. The whole scene was extremely beautiful ; the banks and islands dotted over the river are adorned with sylvan vege- tation of threat variety of color and form. At the period of our visit several trees were spangled over with blossoms. Trees have each their own physiognomy. There, towering over all, stands the groat burly baobab, each of whose enormous arms would form the trunk of a large tree, beside groups of graceful palms, which, with their feathery-shaped leaves depicted on the sky, lend their beauty to the scone. As a hieroglyphic they always moan 'far from home,' for one can never get over their foreign air in a picture or landscape. The silvery mohonono, which in the tropics is in form like the cedar of Lebanon, stands in pleasing contrast with the dark color of the mot-ouri, whoso cypress-form is dotted over at present with its pleasant scarlet fruit. Some trees resemble the great spreading oak. others as- sume the character of our own elms and chestnuts ; but no one can imagine the beauty of the view from anv tiling witnessed in England. It had never been seen before by European eyes; but scenes so lovely must have been gaxed upon bv angels in their flight. The only want felt is that of' mountains in the background. The falls are bounded on three sides by ridges three or four hundred feet in height, which are covered with forests and with red soil appearing among the trees. " When about half a mile from the tails I left the canoe in which we had come that far, and embarked in a smaller one. with men well acquainted with the rapids, who. bv pas-in^ down the coil t re of the stream, in the eddies and still place- cau-ed 1 v the many jutting rocks, brought me to an i-land situated in the middle of the river, and on the edge of the lip over which the 172 THE MAGAUA OF AFRICA. water rolls. In coming hither then* U danger of Ix'ing svrept by the i-land in cither of tin- -uvai- which ru-li along at itd ides, a no! the landing could hardl\ or etlerted except in verv low water, a- w:i> tin- ca-e at the linn- of our vi>it. Hut even on the i-land ni one could po--ii.lv |M rceive when- tin- va-t l>ody of water went. It wa- onlv \\ln-n 1 had -uccivded in cm-ping with awe to the verv ver^e, and peered down into a largo rent which had been made from hank to hank of t ho broad /am- U--i, that I >aw a -tream a thousand vard- l>n>ad leap down a hnndre>i tin / ft l"!nl; nf tfif Z< nnfx.fi. and then prolonged from the left l.ank awav through thirtv or lortv mile- ot' hii!-. In looking do\\ n into the li--nro On the right of the i-laild one .-ee> nothing I>U1 a deli-e \\lil i> cloud, which at the time we vi-itcd the -poi had two liri^nt rainlxjws on it. I-'rom thi-> cloud ni-he to the *km. Thi- -hower liill- chiellv on the t>|ipo-it- -ide of the li nre, and A f'-'.v \-anl- hack from the lij> there .-land- a straight hedge of evergreen tree-, \vho-e leave- are alwavs wet. I-'roin their roots a numlier ot' little rill- run hack into the mill', hut, a.- thev How ilown the -t(-ji wall there, the column ot' vapor, in it- ascent, lick- tin -in up clean "tV the j-o'-k, and awav thev mount again. 1 iic\- are coii-lantlv runnuiLT down, hut never reach the l>ottom. " < >n the |,. it of the i-laiid we -ee the water at the l>ottoiu, a white roll ini; ma moving awav to the | irolongat ion of the fisHjiro, \\hi--h hranche- oil' near the left Kank of the river. A jiiM-c of the p,,-k ha- lalleii o(V a -pot on th- left of the i-land, and juts out tV"in tin- uater h.-low, and from it I judged the di-(an< \i iii'-h tii'- water fill- to l.e one hundred feet. The wall- "f this gigantic crack an perpeuiheiilar, and coiiipo-.-d o) om> homo- tf.ii'oii- mi-- ot" p.ck. The ed^c o(' that -ide o\-er which tin 1 water t'i'.i- i- \s..rn ")]' t \\ , , ,,r three feet, and pi. .-- have fallen .'t'.sav. -o a- t" u'ive it -. i!ii. \\ hat of' a -crrat.-d appearance. That over 'Ahi'li tlie \\at-rdo-- if. t fall i- ds," and S"en resting so quietly and beautifully on this strange cloud of ? >ray, reigning so serenely over the roaring, raging ab\>s of X aters, there is no wonder that it seemed like the throne of Deity. The Batoka, who were formerly the "lords of the isles." were strangely cruel and tyrannical, and such was the light which his inquiries brought upon their history, that Living-tone \va- al- most willing to honor the warlike propensities of the late chief of the Makololo, in so far at least as they had to do with driving the horrid monsters from their fastnees in these wild rocks. The beautiful country in which thev had their home exerted no more softening influence on tho~e savages than the beautiful throne of their imagined divinity above the " Smoke Sound- ing'' pit. And tin 1 children who recognize in sonic .-ort the ascendency of the Makololo conquerors of their fathers, though 11 17ti A xirnvoKK OF KIVKIIS. restrained in - >me degree by a consciou.-m-s of comparative weakness, dwell with pleasure on tin- -torics of LliMxly bar- Isiritv which garnish their traditions. '1 lie -on of the chief, who felt the power of S-bituane' arm.-, w;u- found refilling am!d.-t the ruins of his father's town, with :i contemptible ham- l"l growing up alnmt him, ami alioiit hi- liut were to In- st-e.ii lifty human .-kulls hanging from the .-harp points of' .-takes. And he gloried in the po--c>-ion of' thi-e -kull- a- memorials ot hi- father. JMirelv then. 1 can be no more allieimj apj>eal to the ('hri.-tian heart.- of our fa\'"ri-l lan.l, than the picture of a on in mature years, (leli^htin^ ( L, r :i/e on the >kul!- of the victim* of hi- father's tiem-m--. ! J 'lore, liowever, -Uil'crin^ mir-clvc- !v the incidents of the journev, it \\i\\ Itc prolitaole and mea~uraiilv eiitcrtainuig t' take at h-a-t a _' lance hack and aroiunl on the count rv which liolil- the splendid f;:!I-, li!;e a central jjjlorv, the climax of it.- wildne.-- and heaiit v. Theix- i-. "i" Mvni" to I"-, a thorough network of river-, whose coiir-e- arc -o ti'rtu->!i- -;nd \\h'i-.- intersections of' each otin-r are -o -insular that one i- iiin-ilerahlv pu//lcd in the elllirt to keep di-tincilv in mind and avoid th-- enlu-ion of fonlouinliu^ them one with another. Then' i- a prevalent eharacteri-tie of these channels, too, which su^e-;ts the thought ot' some violent up- h":ival ina ]>eri"d more or le remoie a- the explanation of th-'ir e\i-ti nee. Hut the ahsenee "t" anv tnidition, however in- di-tinet, \\hii-li hint- of' an earthquake i- almost conclusive. vid'-nce a^ain-t the ret'-'i'' nee of' the problem to an event, so violent, particularlv a- tin-re are manv tradition- which hint of moinentoii- incident- in periods manifestly more remote than the e\i-teiice .it' tip' fall- or river- even. " There wa- ti'iind t\ tradition \\ Inch r- -embled tip- -torv ..!' Sol..mon and the harlot-." Th-'V have al-o tlp-ir ver-ioii ot' tip- t'>w.-r of I'. i!>.-l, whosft build-'r- abandoned their work o\\iii'_ r to t he incoii\ cnicin-c of talliipj- o)' their -catlMdlii',:, and va-jiic tiling', f the to\\i|- having come out of a cave with li hint- of th. -account of Ndah. It i- hardly rea-onable that an earthquake of -uch extent ami violence ,-w mi ;'ht lia\e produced tlie wonderful ti--ure- all over the broad i-xuan-e threaded bv tlp-e -mj-u'ar riv< r- would be entirely un- THi: FIICST WIIITI-: MAN. 177 Iie-.rd i'. The oljservutions of Dr. Livingstone pointed more toward the conclusion that this remarkable irrigation is the; re- sult of thc % gradual elevation of the surface in a region formerly occupied liy an extensive lake, whose waters probably forced their way along the cracks and deeper fissures made bv the up- heaval of the earth. Tin; theory is sustained also by the char- acter of the soil and the presence of certain shells identical with those to be seen in lakes in other sections of the continent. Th- rivers have each a double bed, the simple sharplv cut furrow in the calcareous tufa which probably lined the channel of the ancient lake, and another bed of inundation. When these hed> of inundation are filled they look like a great system of lakes. Dr. Livingstone found no indications hen 1 of the country's having ever been visited by a white man previously to his own coming, although it has been asserted that the Portuguese had possessed a chain of trading stations across the continent before that time ; though there were some evidences that the natives had been in contact with white men. An old head man at the village of Xanulanga remembered that his father had twice visited the homes of the white men when he was a boy, and that many of the people had gone who never returned. These people are decidedly inferior to the Makololo in all of those characteristics which are pleasing in our eves. The char- acters of their chiefs in earlier times had gone far toward form- ing their minds to cruelty and treachery. They had been O * . accustomed to a premium on those acts which involve the perfec- tion of these arts of barbarism. Their personal appearance, at best more degraded and negro-like, is rendered more repuNive by their singular custom of knocking out the upper front teeth of males and females, a custom which lias a very insufficient explanation in their desire "to look like oxen," but which is so prevalent that one who has his teeth is considered rcrji ?//////. They dwell in a fertile country and enjoy nearly the sam* varieties of fruits as the inhabitants of Angola, and are abun- dantly supplied. Their country also aboutid< in the wild ani- mals which were so seldom seen by Dr. Livingstone in his northwestern journey after leaving the borders of the Makololo. While the Batoka were claimed as the subjects of Sekelftu. a larixe part of the tribe had begun to disregard his authority, J7S THK EAJsTKIlX ami were understood to be in OJH-II revolt. Indeed the villages of Ivaonipi were the last whoele forced him to seek a more set-up' fortress amid tho swumjis of the Chobe ami the Ixt-ambye. Ami it \vas well worthy of the admiration of tin- Makololo, who were tireless in their accounts of the va.-t herds which their lathers po e-v-ed when they lived there. The route now lav more dinvtlv eastward than the bed of the river, which makes a detour southward, finding its way around the- foot of the rid'jv which thev were <_ r radualiv a-ceiid- in^. Tlie ascent was >o gradual as thev advanced that it was ol>s-rveil more l>v the we>tward inclination of the stn^im.- and the general appejirance of elevation than l>v anv r- inarkaMc \\\\}+ or mountain.^. The traveller was led alon^ the gentle undulations almost iiiMC'iisibly to an altitude of live thoiixind ll-i-t al>>vc the level of the ->ea. There are none of the marshes aloivj these plain-; which generate the enervating; levers which have almost swept awav the .Makololo in the vallcv-. The whole P <_M<>M i^ remarkably sjilubriou.s as well as U'autiful ; manv of the jdaiin arc almost treelos and are covered with ,-hort t:ras<. There is a noticeable alienee of fountain-^, and the river Kalomo i< tho onlv river in the \\hole >ee|jnn which never drie- up. This tlo-,\- awav *oilthward after the /aml><--i. Though the liatoka ol tln~ region claim to In- independent, thev have Keen -ofrly alllietcd I >y the war- of the Makololo, and do not enjov their splendid conntrv a- thev mi^ht under other rirciiin-tance-. '1 hev are sadlv ile^radetl, Imt were j^lad to hear ot a name which savored of peace and P--.J. Surelv the wetin- ije~, and mi-erv of tin- heathen, t'>--e,l and torn a- ihev are l>v the convnl-ioii- of their un!utor>il -i.< ieiv, and l>v the i-vil ]>as- -ii>n~ .if their heart-, tli"iiL r h indeed thev mav ii"t eoinprehend their p-al \\>it\ and thoutrh thev mav have ne\ , r heard of .It>u*, is a pra\ er which will move the hand of (|,,d. h wa-, \TO know, the pitiable -peetacle of human -i'n - ->w \\ lii<-h mo\-ed him to i -om pa.-- ion and brought hi- dear S. in t.i lie onr Saviour. although the I'.atoka could not under-iand the full ini|>"rt of 'he n\<-s^a^e when l)r. Living-tone -puke to them of him who-e J.ON;I.N<; FOR I-KACK. jy,j word is " peace on c:irtli and good-will to men." It i> nut wonderful that they sei/ed the idea of |>cacc so eagerlv. Their country has been visile* I by successive scourges during the last halt' century, and they arc now "a nation scattered and peeled."' When Sehituane came, the cattle wen.' innumerable, and vet these were the remnants only, left bv a chief called Pingola, who came from the northeast. He swept across the whole ter- ritory inhabited by his cattle-loving countrymen, devouring oxen, cows, and calves, without retaining a single head. He seems to have been actuated by a simple love, 1 of conquest, and is an instance of what has occurred two or three times in cverv century in this countrv from time immemorial. A man of more energy or ambition than his fellows rises up and conquer* a large territory, but as soon as he dies the power he built is gone, and his reign, having been one of terror, is not perpetuated. This and the want of literature have prevented the establish- ment of anv great empire in the interior of Africa. Pingola effected his conquests by carrying numbers of smith's bellows with him. The arrow-heads were heated before shooting into a town, and when a wound was inflicted on either man or beast great confusion ensued. After Pingola came Sebituane, and after him the Matebele of Mosilikatse; and these successive in- roads have reduced the Hatoka to a state in which they naturally rejoice at the prospect of deliverance and peace. Thev were remarkably generous with their oilers of food, and great numbers came out continually to greet the " white man." It could only be painful to a man more anxious to benefit his kind than to witness their follies, to see so many human beings exhibiting even in their salutations their extreme degradation. Few customs of men are more arbitrary than thoM.- which relate to the reception of visitors, but of all hardlv anything can .-ur- pass in absurdity that of this tribe. They throw themselves on the ground, on their backs, and, rolling from side to side, slap the outside of their thighs as expressions of thankfulness and welcome, uttering the words, " kina bomba." And the mure Dr. Livingstone attempted to prevent them, the more violeiitlv thev did him their eccentric reverence. Tlii> performance on the part of men totallv unclothed was a scene too painfully un- manly for amu.-ement, rather one to provoke the deepe/t sorrow. 1*1) I.IV1NCSTONES COURAGE TESTED. Livingstone give* an account of hi- cntcrtahuncnt at the first of tiux- bonier village.-, which on^ht t had gone for water. Then tliev approached u-, and one eanie forward howl- ing at the top of hi- voice in the ino-t hidcon- manner; hi- eves were -hot out, his lips eovered with foam, and everv inn-ele of hi- frame tpiivered. He -nne near to me, and, having a .-mall l>:\ttle-a\e in hi- hand, alarmed mv men le-t he miu'ht do \-ioleint 1 ; 1'iit they wen- afraid to di-olw-v mv previon- ordei--. and to f',,1- low their o\\'n ilielination hv kno<-king him on the head. 1 felt a little alarmed too, luit would not -how fear 1/efoiv mv own people or -tranter-, and kept a ,-harj look-out on the little l>at tie- axe. It -eeiued to nieaea-e of n-sta-v or prophotir fl'-n/v, voluntarily prtxliici-d. I felt it would hf a sorrv wav to leave the world to u r ''l mv head chopped hv a mad -ava-je, though that, perhap-, would l>e pret'eraltle to hvdrophohia or delirium trenieii-. Sekwehn took a -j>ear in hi- hand a- it to pieive a l>it of leather, luit in r--alit\' to plunge it into tho man it' he offered violeliee (o Jne. After IllV eolllM^e liad l)ee|| ~ll Hi' 'iel 1 1 !v te-ted, I heek. 'I here \\:i-, however, a flow of' pl'l'-pinit ioll, and tin' e\e|tenie||| eo||- tin'i'd t'u!l\ h.ul'a:i li"!ir. I h< n u r '"idnall\ e. a-, d. 'I hi- par>'\\ -in i- lie- dir-'-'i > ijip-i-iic of h\-pn-'ti-m. and it i- -iirjular that it ha- ii"! l"'-n tri'-d in Kurope a- \\-ll a- elairvovaner. I his h'-e. ,nd lat'-h "f \ i ilor- t-">k no pain- to ei.nei-al th ir eontempt t'r our -mail ) art ' , -:r. iir_r I" < a<-h ot !n-r. in a ton. . .(' triumph, 1 lii'-vaie ijuite a L r "d-end ! ' l;! ra!!\ , ' ' i' " 1 ha- apportioned th'-m to u-.' ' Th'-v are l-.-t atnotij; tin 1 tril'e-!' ' 'l'he\- have AN INCIDENT. J.sJ wandered in order to be destroyed, and what can they do with- out shields among so many'.'' Some of them asked ii' then- were no other parties. Sekeletu had ordered my men not to take their shields, a.s in the ease of my first company. We wen- looked upon as unarmed, and an easy prey." It is impossible but to admire the deliberate courage of Dr. Livingstone under such circumstances. It was the same singular disregard of danger which sud'cred him to giveaway at Linyanti all but five of the guns which he had purchased in Loanda. ami undertake a new journey with onlv five, which enabled him to sit so quietly defiant when he might reallv have Keen an ea-v prey to their barbarity. The policy of travelling comparatively unarmed through the eountrv mav have been wise enough, but it was a piece of policy which required more nerve than the average man possesses. It was a great consolation to Dr. Liv- ingstone in thinking of this deeply degraded tribe to recall the blessed results of missionary work among the people of Kuruman, who were quite as depraved and degraded as the Batoka. We should not forget the wonderful power of the gos- pel, when we question the probabilities of the ultimate conver- sion and elevation of even the most barbarous people. There is power in that precious word to melt the hardest heart. And there is light enough there to drive awav the r. Livingstone as ofl'ering jxt-nliar eneour- a^einent.- for tin- establishment of a mi iu in this region. The jN-ople, though ignorant ami agi'. Ami tin- countrv, with its -plendid climate ami a -oil which yield 1 * the most de-iral>le articles \s ith lightest labor, i- unsurpassed in its oilers of plentv and comfort. Hut he who undertakes tin- duties of a mi-.-ionarv ainon^ such a people ruu-t cxjM-ct to aeeoinplish tht-ir eiili^htcnincnt v-rv graduallv, and rememU'r that In- will have no >pc<-ial iiiilueiui 1 simply U-caii-c "{' Iwin^ a "Christian teacher," for the-'' people know nothing of Christianitv. Thev inu-t ! made to p-pect his >ii|M-rio|- virtue and 'trength ot' ehanietrr, and to think of him as their friend ; then tliev will Jlillow him n-adilv. Knjoying the ahundant ho<|itality of the-e po..r jteople and the liraeiti'j H'ei-ts of the 1 H -au t i i'l 1 1 seeiierv and -alultriou-. climatf, I >r. Living-tone had time to notice a mimlxT <>f curious and interesting individuals ot' the lower order. It w;v- interesting to oli-erve the >airaeitv of' the herds which were ('-din^r aloir^ the plains jn the -.-lection ot' their leader. 'I In- l.:id>-r of a herd i- a verv important memlter; the entire bodv -eein to put th.-ir live- in the care of the leader. It is tie dutv of that dignitarv to eatch the tamte-t M-mhlance ot' i.ang'T, and all hi- followers repo-e implicit confidence in ehoiee of path- he niav take Jor lli'_ r lit, and follow in hi- or h. r tracks with reekle-.- impel uo-itv. < )f coiir-e it i- important that the ii'.o-t \\arv animal in the herd I"- -el.-.-ted \\,r the leader-hip; and the dutv not unlrcouentlv devol\-e- on the nio~t timid. No l_'p-:iter '-ilamitv can In-faM a h. rd than to ha\ e a leader killed. '1 he whole ma.-* i- immediafelv thrown into eont'n-ion ; one af- f.-mp'- to f.llow another; th--v invarialilv I'.-.- much preeioin tun^, oiilv to *eainj)ef a'.vav e;i.-h tor it-. -If in nn. r i" ipl. \itv nIKK ANTS. 183 friend, like a guardian spirit, sitting on his wiiners, or flving gently on just over the object of its care. When tin- buffalo is quietly feeding, this bird may be seen hopping on tin,- Around picking up food, or sitting on its hack ridding it of the inscx-ts with which their skins are sometimes infested. The sight of the bird being much more aente than that of the huilido, it is soon alarmed by the approach of any danger, and, living up, the hu Haloes instantly raise their heads to discover the cause which has led to the sudden flight of their guardian. Thev sometimes accompany the buffaloes in their flight on the wing, at other times they sit as above described. Another African bird, namely, the Rnphayd J/V/m//a, at- tends the rhinoceros for u similar purpose. It is called ' kala'' in the language of the Bechuanas. When these people wish to express their dependence upon another, they address him as* u my rhinoceros," as if they were the birds. The satellites of a chief go by the same name. This bird cannot be said to de- pend entirely on the insects on that animal, for its hard, hair- less skin is a protection against all except a few spotted ticks; but it seems to be attached to the beast, somewhat as the domestic dog is to man ; and while the buffalo is alarmed by the sudden flying up of its sentinel, the rhinoceros, not having keen sight, but an acute ear, is warned bv the cry of it* associate, the 7>>/y>- lutya Afrieana. The rhinoceros feeds bv night, and its sentinel is frequently heard in the morning uttering its well-known call, as it searches for its bulkv companion. But many of the most wonderful objects in the world arc the most minute, and the soldier ants which were observed plving their singular industry and carrying on their depredations are certainly inferior onlv in si/e to the more notorious mongers of the continent. These 1 pigmean marauders have the true African color, and when on the line of march generally go three abreast. Thev are probably half an inch in length, and possess wonder- ful strength and ener^v for their si/e. Thev u-nallv follow a few leaders, who arc untrammelled by any burden and furnished with an extraordinarv quantity of the peculiar poison in which their special power lies. Like the red ants mentioned a- being seen in the western part of the continent, these are -jenerallv found advancing in a straight line. '' If a handful of earth is 1S4 WHITK ANTS. thrown oji the jnith at the middle of the regiment, either on its way home or ;il>r;i(l, tho^c UOiind it an- completely at a loss as to their farther pro^n-^-. Whatever it m.iv U> that piide> them, they -eem only to know that thev an- not to return, for they eoine up to the hand fill of earth but will not ero-s it, thoujjh not a charter of an inch hi^h. Tin v wheel round and regain their path a^ain, \ ill never think of rvtreutiu^ to the ne^t, or to the plaet where thev have Keen Mealing. After a tjuarter of an liour's confusion and hissing, on.- niav make a circuit of a t'oot round the earth, and -oon all follow in that roundalxmt way. \\ hen on their wav to attack the abode of the white ants the latter niav be ubsvrvril ru-hiiii; about in a -tale of \ - their greater *i/e, e-peciallv in the region of the stini;. then -ei/e the white anlj one lv one and inflict a .-tin.:, which .-eein- to in- ject a portion of fluid -iniilar in etl'cct to ehlorofonn, a- it ren- ders them in-en.-ihle Imt not d"-a 1, and onlv able to move one or two t'ront lej^-;. A- tlie leader- to-x them on .me >ide, the rank and file -ci/c them and earrv tiiem oil'." Th>- white ant- on which th'--- -aide mon-ters prev. and \\ho-e linv -kidl- are to !> loinid piled alioiit their barrack-, are of more apparent -crviiv than their murderers. I*JMIJ such tiny lalxTc;-- the -jr. -at Autlioi- . >f all had devolved the ta-k of jtrc- n-rviir^ and improving the -oil which the indolent human in- liabitant- do not appreciate. '1'hev are appointed to the her- culean ta-k of clearing awav and hurviiii; the va-t ipiantitie- of decavni'j ve_'eta!)le mailer wliieh aliounds in the va-t \\ilder- ne--e-. It i- wonderful !>v \\iiat |ninv a^eni- manv o! the nio-t eol.,--al work- of' time are aeeompli-hed. The tin\' toiler- on land and tinv toiler- in the >ea are rearing monument.- to in- du-: rv and in-t inct \\ hich -hani'- l he boa-t t'nl wi-dom and ,-t r. n_ r th "f man. The-,, little ant- labor loo \\ith much -\--icm and art. I'hev _'e| 1 .-rallv |i-rt'>rm lh.-ir \\ork uiihoui coining \\herc thev niav be -i-en more ihan the\- are obliged to, and i! i- a>foni-h- in_' ho'.\ rapidlv thev \\ork. I *i. Liviirj-tlie \\a- accn-tomed to -pr- ad L r i'a-- in considerable ipiantitii-- under the mat mi move the entire -nppl\ during a -inude da\ and IP --itad- a new bed for the -e.'on.l ni_dit. Indeed, \\ e n>''d onlv a fuller AN KI.KPHANT HUNT. ] S."> knowledge of the world we live in, with all its wonderful sys- tem of adaptations, that we may praise (Jod more heartily, and adore him more devoutly for his wisdom and goodness, and juvter the keeping of his love. As the journey extended the country became more and more bountiful and alxmnding in large game. On the 1 Ith of I)c- eembcr, in a lovely valley, they came upon a buffalo, and while attempting to secure him, found themselves suddenly confronted by three elephants, one of which I)r. Livingstone managed to cripp.e by a first shot. This one they then eas.il v killed. The next dav was distinguished bv a irrand elephant-hunt, in which ~ the devoted followers engaged to " show their fiither what sort of men he had." Although scenes of the kind were onlv pain- ful to Livingstone, and possessed of none of the charm which causes the ordinary traveller to revel in stories of slaughter, hi? has still furnished a thrilling account of this exploit of his men. lie had retired from the noise of the camp, where the men were cutting up the elephant which he had shot the day before, that he might make an examination of some rocks, when glanc- ing casually across the valley he saw a pair of elephants, a fe- male and her calf, quietly enjoying themselves by the side of a little stream, and beyond them a long line of his men, who were manifestly approaching their unsuspecting victims with no good intentions. The noble creature, totally " unconscious of the approach of an cnemv, stood for some time suckling her voiing one, which seemed about two years old ; they then went into a pit containing mud, and smeared themselves all over with it, the little one frisking about his dam, flapping his ears anil tossing his trunk incessantly, in elephantine fashion. She kept flapping her ears and wagging her tail as it' in the height of enjovment. Then began the piping of her enemies, which was performed bv blowing into a tube, or the hands closed together, as boys do into a kev. They call out to attract the animal's attention, " ' < > chief! chief! wi- have CM me tu kill you. <> chief! chief! many ni"tv will .lie besides you,' etc. ' The !,'i>ls have >aM it.' etc., etc. Both animals expanded (heir ears and listened, then left their ISC ELEPHANT'S CHARACTER. l>ath as the crowd rushed towartl them. The little one ran for- ward toward the end of the valley, lint, seeing the men there, returned to his dam. She placed herself on the danger Hide of her calf, and pa-.-ed her proboscis over it again and again, as if to as-ure it of safety. She frequently looked hack to the men, who kept up an incessant shouting, singing, and piping; then looked at hT young one and ran after it, sometimes .side- wavs, as if her feelings were divided l>etwcen her anxietv to protect her offspring and desire to revenge the temerity of her per-ei -utor-. The men kept al*>nt a hundred yards in her rear, and some that di-tanee from her thinks and continue*! thus until .-lie was obliged to er<> a rivulet. The time spent in descending and get tint; U|i t lit* opposite hank allowed of their (timing up to the ed<_ f e, and discharging their spears at about twentv vards distune* 1 . After the first discharge she appeared with her sides red with blood, and, U-jinning to flee lor her own life, seenieil to think no mure of her voting. The calf S.MHI ran into a neighboring stream and was killed. The dam moved more and mop- slowly, and, fmallv, with a shriek of ra_re, turned and charged furiously upon her piir-uers. Thc-e charges S!M rnntiniicd, wheeling when -he found thev had eluded her, until idie -nnk do\\n dead." No animal within the ratine of our knowledge more justly ren-ivc- the attention and the admiration of' men than the ele- phant ; ii"iie betrav- nobler in-tinct- and such remarkable .-aiMejtv. Thev have figured proiiiint'litly in the historv of the w-irl'l for manv hundred- of vears. There seem- to be no very ^reat dillicnltv about making them gentle and serviceable when onei- th'-v have Iwen eajitured ; and when once they acknowledge the aiilhoritv of a man they be.-onie singularly oU-dieiii aiifl d-'Vot'-d. \\'e remember that on one occa-ion an elephant, v.1,1,!, h;id been aceii-tomi-d to the aiilhoritv ol' hi- ma-ter, was ,.,|n,,,l iVom hi- allegiance and join. -d hi- iMIow- in their \\ild lif,. of the l'or.-t. < ^uite a loirj time after hi- running a\\ay, th.- ma-t.-r wa- out li'intiu- ele|,hanl-, and c,,miiiL r upon a herd thon/h' that in th-- niimb'-r he ree,.._Mii/'- DOWN THE I.OSITO. 1*7 mount his lurk as of old and guide him with perfect eis . The African elephant is considered larger than those of India and those of the southern sections. Those, however, on tin- en-fern ridge, where Dr. Livingstone witnessed the exploit of hi- men, are not generally larger than those; of India. They are distin- guished, however, more clearly from their Indian con.-ins by their ears, which are enormous. It is worthy of remark, in fhi- conneetion, that there is an appreciable diminution in the -i/e and vigor of all animals, including n an, in proportion as food is more abundant, and tropical climates are apparently unfavor- able to the development of either man or beast. lint Semalembuc is waiting for our attentions, and we mu.-t turn our backs on the lovely valley with its teeming herds. The way to the residence of that chief lay down the Losito and through the ranges of hills. The residence itself was found at the foot of the range of hills through which the Kafue finds its passage. STAG BEETT,B. CHAPTER X. r.i;i>KIt TKI I IKS. The Kafno I.oniriiii; f*r IVuo- Nr-Tn W.ir-dip I'.Tt-ijn ('. mi' -I ri'-i"iis I'o'ilitt'ul < '--n-lii''t I'rai-i- ari-l Kli.- n- s I'-irJir/'ii'-f KniiTi'rif >;inati"ii of /.tiiiil> .VlMiiplanri- "I la-.'.- I'ra-i. A i.liorr. .1 A. r li.i /.<:.. -i - ^aii'l !:i\.r < .aiiit- l.:in- 1.!. val.-'l lltil- 1 1 y na S.- air-.- i >\ . r'i u. 1 !. Si:\i.\i.i:Mr.iT.'- vill:i^r L r nanl> tin- n:irn>\v ^nj-^r thi-oin-li \\!li<-|| ill.' l\;it'llc tiliil- it- -r;i|n i tV-'Ill tllf llill- illt'i lllf X;illl- u-i, in hit. i:i i>' in" s., i, ,n-. IN __' i-:. ii.- \\.-i- n.it l> inmi anv Iicuil man in tin- kiinln<-- ami niHlinc* nf \i\~- h..~- |>italit\'. Hi- pp-rnt <>t' meal ami L r ''"'iii hint- \\a- made in tii It.-t -tvlc of'tln'ir ci'imtrv, hv !ir-( i \jiri--in^ hi- rc-rct that hi- \i-itMi-- t!iii-t -Ic.-p liiiii-rv, ami thfii Hirpri-iiiL: tin in with hi- j. n -P i-itv. Like all his m-ighlmrs he reccivol the \vunls >t' [i.-ar.- with -i'i at drli^ht. The life nf anxietv ainl <-<>ii-t:mt tnr- ni'iil :ilm..t in-ej>ara!)le t'p>m tin- e\i-tenc.- i' -i. manv little - '>vep i_Mitie- all epp\vil--, j. the niairie wnpl whieh thrill- thi'"ii-h all the tn!i> --\\ith iniei|iiallel power. 'Ihevall luiiij t<> " //r< /// / n<-> ." l'!i.- ! an:it':il. li-rtile ami healtht'iil hi!!- ami valle\- d' the Kaiii' 1 partieiilarlv have Keen ettnt''-t<-cl L r P>unil, ami ths- imln>- ';,"!- and i|U!'-f (wipiilaee ar>- ea-ef to !> 1. tl in the i n;.i\ im nl .!' tii.-Jr ii.-!.l> ami -port-. Tin - p-oplr do not M, , d to } told i.}' til'' e\i-|( ||.'|- o|' the I . -it V. Kill t h- \ eat I'll at hi- p'-prl. \\ hi e|| j'i'oini-.-- a t!i:i<- "t tin : v. r-al |"ac-e on earth, \silii -ui'jnlar p.-.i-:ir . It ;- tii'- -ani' 1 \\':ii'im-- "! anxietv. whieh turn- the Ii. a: t o)' man nniv- r-aliv to\\ ard 1 1\>- throne of' ( Jud. who revi al> i.i ( :.n-t i,.- | : ... ! :; ami ^rar--. I he trillion of .Ie-n-, TKNDKNCY Tu \VO1W1IIP. ]s! establishing the soul in quietness, and filling the world with love, answers the inaudible prayer of human misery, which ascends to God from every hind, in every dialeet, expreed in every custom and condition. How beautiful and touching is the ready yielding of heathen prejudice, to this heavenly prom- ise! How encouraging it is to sec; the eye of ignorance and barbarity sparkling with the hope of Christ's glorious reign, even before they know the Sovereign ! The characteristic negro tendency to worship distinguishes the tribes of the Kafue, and the national faith in charms enters into all they do. The universal fear of the white man which distinguishes the tribes remote from European settlements pre- vailed here also ; and although it is the snnnv slope of the range constituting the eastern wall of the continent, not even the half-caste had ever penetrated so far. The white man's goods, though, had already found their way, and the followers of Livingstone began to find a market for their ornaments and beads in cotton cloth. The Babisa traders take the place of the Mamburi, who enter the interior from the western coast, and barter various articles for ivory and slaves. Villages almost innumerable, according to African custom, are hid awav among the hills, who.-e >had- ows oiler the security of seclusion to the trembling people. The general conformation and nature of the nicks is strikingly like the western slope; but the wonderful valley of the Quango is wanting, although its absence is fully atoned for bv the splendid ranges of cloud-capped mountains, which, in the eves of the fol- lowers of Livingstone,, accustomed to no greater altitudes than their marvellous ant-hills, seemed like the pillars of the heavens. There are five of these ranges (jtiite distinct and parallel, and between them beautiful hills covered with trees. ''On the tops of these/' savs Livingstone, " we have beautiful white' ouartz *, rocks, and some have a capping of dolomite. On the west of the second range we have great masse> of kvanite or disthene, and on the flanks of the third and fourth a great deal of specular iron ore which is magnetic, and rounded pieces of black iron ore, also strongly magnetic, and containing a very lar^o per- centage of the metal. The sides of these ranges are generally very precipitous, and there are rivulets between which are not 190 KAsTKKN U.\Xt;j> {HTi-niiial. M:uiy of tin- hills have IHVH uu.-ed bv granite, ex- actly like that of the Kalomo. IHkc- of thi.- granite may be been thru-ting tip immen-c ma.c> of mica schi-t ami quartz or kaml-tone .-ehi.-t, ami making the -trata folil over them on each Mile, :L- clothes hung ujM>n a line. " \\ hen we came to the top of the outer range of the hills we had a u'loriou.- view. At a -hort di-!ant' dark hill-. A line of tleecv cloud- appt-arttl Iviim along the eour-e ot' that river at tli--ir lia-e. The plain liel)\\- U-, at the Idt of' tin- kafue, had more lar^e game on it than anywln-iv el-e 1 had >een in Africa. Hundred- of Initiates and xehras gra/cd <>\\ the open spaces, ami I here stood lord I/ elephant- t'et-din^ majestieallv." I>ut thi- charming M-eni-rv had to !>e paid for li\" -erioii- toil- ing and climbing, which called i'r the Jlirfeit of >rveral of 'l.i 1 oxen, one of \\hich wa- a -p- cial Ix-aiitv which Sckdetu h:i 1 Invn anxioii- to have li-plaved at the settlement of the whi jK-oplr, a- it \\a- ornamented alt< r the mo-t approval fashion ;' the Makololo, " with more than thirtv piece.- ot' it- own -ki.i detached and hanging down." The animal- abounding in the.-e hill-, however, rendered the partv almo-t indejM'iideiil of o\ n, a-, being entirely unfamiliar with L r| in-. the\- moved about in ea.-v range of the ball-. Tin h'ulth of Pr. Livin-_ r -ioiie had continued -ingularly good, o\viii'_ r prolciblv a- much !. hi- greater care ol' himself a- to the greater health fill lie of the loealitie- through which he had iia--ed. and he u a- in th" -1'ii'it to enjov all that oeeiirrel | I .' . or wa- to be -ee|i. Ib \\:i ereallv el)eiuragend- leav-d Im-he- a- tlfv approai-heii the river, and the\- nettled rep. ar-dly to .-hout to th-' elephant.- to -tand out of their path. THE ZAMIJKSI AGAIN. l!il The huge dwellers in these thickets seemed absolutely indiil'iT- ent to num. A herd of buffalo eurne uj> and so interfered with their progress by their euriosity, that one of them had to be *\\ol to get them out of the way, and a female elephant da>hed through the midst of the men, followed by three calves. The waterfowl in great numbers hung leisurely on the air just over them. The abundance of animal life was Ix-yond anything ever seen even in Africa. The Zambesi itself, when it appeared again, was wider and deeper and more rapid than they had left it in the neighborhood of the falls, and unlike it had been seen as the Lceambye, in the great valley it was deeply discolored by the washing down of the soil from the surrounding country. It is worthy of notice that no mention is made of the slightest discoloration of the streams in Africa between the two great ridges which divide the eastern and western coasts from the interior. The first indications of the washings of soil in the rivers, in the western journev, were observed in the Quango. And now they are in the Zambesi east of the ridge. Passing down the left bank of the river there were quite a number of islands to attract the attention of the traveller*. These islands were clothed with verdure and seemed to possess singular fertility. One of these river gems the island of Mengo entertains, besides its human population, a herd of buffaloes, which seem to find ample pasturage within its small circumference, and dispute their claim quite valiantly with their human neighbors when occasion requires. This herd might eftsily swim to the shore if they desired to do so; their resi- dence on the " little foot of soil " seems to be purely a matter of choice. About this point the river flows between the country of the Batonga on the north and that of Banyai on the south side. On both sides are ranges of hills, and the multitude of buffa- loes and elephants furnish unending supplies to the people. "They erect stages on high trees overhanging the paths by which the elephants come, and then use a large spear with a handle nearly as thick as a man's wrist, and four or five feet long. When the animal comes beneath they throw the spear, and if it enters between the ribs above, as the blade is at least twenty inches long by two broad, the motion of the handle, as 12 NATIVE PECULIARITIES. it is aided by knocking again-t the trees, makes frightful gashes within, and soon causes death. They kill them also by means >f a spear inserted in a Ix-am of wood, which l>eing susju'iidcd on the branch of a tree by a cord attache*! to a latch fastened in the path, and intended to lw struck by the animal's toot, leads to the fall of the beam, ami, the -pear (King poisoned, causes death." Hippopotami are taken in .-ame manner. The paths along the bank were onlv such a- had been made bv the wild animal.- ; there were no road-. lioidcs the ele- phants and huHaloes, which we have mentioned, there \\eiv herd- of /ebra-, pallah- and water-bucks ; <_ r i'cat number- of wild pi ITS koodoo- and black antelopes. Tin- partv began to feel the oppn--ion ot' the -nn onlv at'tcr entering thc-e lowlands, though there were rain- everv dav and considerable cloudiness. The -un iVcijtientlv came out with " -corehing inteii-itv." The men had never suffered from the heat while on the hill-. Living-tone coii-idercd it worthy ot' mention that in all In- jotirnev aeri> the continent he never met an tjlh'mn, thoiiurh tlleV Wel'e reported bv tile I'llft UgUl-St 1 to be (jllite I) II lllerol I-. "The na;ivc> in thi- -cetion jire-.'iit the -a me admixture <(' c.ilor, ran:rin I'rom verv dark to 1'njht olive, \\hidi distiugui-hHl tlio-r of Londo. Thev all have the thick lip- ami tlat iio-es, but in-tan-'e- of the uglv negro physiognomy are raivlv to be -fen.'' 'I'hev have a singular fa-hion of marking themselves, from the ro.it- of the h ;1 j|- lltl the fort head to the tip ot'the no-e, bv little rai-ed cicatrice- about a quarter of an inch in lenj:th. "The women here are in the habit of piercing the upper lip, and ^radiiallv enlarging the orifice until thev can in-ert a -hell. The lip then appear- drawn out levond the perpendicular of the no-e. and -jive- them a nio-t ungainly a-pect. Sekwebu re- inarl-.e.l. ' 'I'he-e women want to make their month- like those of duck-;' and, indeed, it doe- appear a- if tln-v had the idea that f'-ma!e 1,-mitv of lip had been attaine.1 hv the O/-/////,,//7/ nn- ''/ alone. 'I hi- en-torn prevail- throughout the c.iimtrv ot' (!..- Maravi, and no one could -ei- it without conte-- -in_' that l;i-hi"n had never led W'meii to a freak more mad." 'I he'-.- i- a remarkable ab-enci 1 of deformities. There i- a hoiT'.r ..)' e\-.-r\ thin^ \\hich i- out l the apparent order ot' na- CONTINUKI) FKIK.VW.INK.SS. \\fi hire? in very many of the tribes. To this is probably attributa- ble the fact that Livingstone found no albinos. Tln-v an- w; disliked that it is not uncommon to put the infants to death. Parents kill their own children who are so unfortunate as to possess a white face. The general absence of deformed person* is partly owing to their destruction in infancy, and partly to thr mode of life being a natural one, so far as ventilation and fond are concerned. They use but few unwholesome mixtures as condiments, and, though their undress exposes them to the vicissi- tudes of the temperature, it does not harbor vomitcs. It was observed that when small-pox and measles visited the country they were most severe on the half-castes who were clothed. In several tribes, a child which is said to '* tlola," transgress, is put, to death. "TIolo," or transgression, i- ascribed to several curious cases. A child who cut the upper front teeth before the under was always put to death among the Hakaa, and, I believe, also among the Bakwains. In some tribe-*, a case of twins renders one of them liable to death ; and an ox which, while lying in the pen, beats the ground with its tail, is treated in the same way. It is thought to be calling death to vi^it the tribe. When Livingstone was coming through Londa, his men carried a great number of fowls, of a larger breed than any thev had at home. If one crowed before midnight it had been guilty of "tlolo," and was killed. The men often carried them sitting on their guns, and if one began to crow in a forest the owner would YKXTUKK WITH AN KI.KPHANT. when tlic occasion allowed, fell HJMIH the islands and took a\rav manv of tin- people and large quantities of ivory. Selole had a--o-iatcd Livingstone witli that man, \vlio having been killed some time Ix-fore, lie was represented a- having " risen from the dead." An adventure with an elephant, which occurred just after parting with S-lole, throws some li^ht mi tin- singular tenacity with which that animal clini^- to life, and tnav -ervc the would- be-hunters a good turn. They had conic in -i-ht of a troop of elephants ; it is astonishing how nunierou- il !-< troops are some- tinie~ ; 1 >r. liarth once counted over ninety in a herd. The men >f Livingstone, on the o*-c;i>ion mentioned, -<-t out to set-lire some meat ; a.* " thev drew near," -av- the a '"tint, "the troop Ix'-j-an to run; one of them fell into a hole, and hclorc he could extricate himself an opj>ortunitv was afforded for all the men to throw their ~j>ear-. Wljen he nut, though I tirev adopting tin- ('evlon practice of killing them hy one hall in the hniin. I le- lieve that iii Afriea the pi'aetii t' standing In-fore an elephant, expeetin^ to kill him with one -hot, would lie certain death to tip- hunter; and I would add, lor tin- inlonnation of tlio-e who mav think that Ix-cau-e I ni'-t with a ^r<-:\l abundance of garni* h'-r- th"\- al-o iiii'_'ht find rare -port, that the t-et-e e\i-t- all a!"!i_ r lioth liank- of the /mil)e-i, and tip-re can ! n-> hunting Ir, in- an- o|' hoi-----. Hunting on foot in thi- climate i- -ueh e\- ri--ive]v hard v.-ork. that I f'-e] certain the |\ecnc-t -port-man would verv -'ion tuin a\\'av from it in di-^u-t. I mv-elf \\-;u-* rather glad, wh'ii furnished with the e.vu-e that I had no longer SUSPICIOUS CONDUCT. lf7 any balls, to hand over all the hunting to my men, who had no more love for the sjx>rt than myself, as they never engaged in it except when forced by hunger." Though the explanation of Livingstone seemed to be received as true, it did not inspire full confidence, as could be clearly teen in the absence of Mburuma himself, and the care which his jKMtple were at to keep always in large bodies and thoroughly The greatest anxiety which Livingstone had was to pass these people so quietly and peaceably that thev would welcome him should he return, as he expected to do. These ]>eople of M bu- rn nu; were, however, manifestly so treacherous that the greatest caution was needed to avoid a collision with them ; and Dr. Livingstone found that the experience he had gained was of considerable value. They were clearly disposed to improve the slightest chance* to plunder or destroy the whole party. The trying character of the situation may be seen in the account which Dr. Livingstone himself gives ; savs he: " Mburuma sent two men as guides to the Loangwa. These men tried to bring us to a stand, at a distance of about six miles from the village, by the notice, ' Mburuma says you are to sleep under that tree.' On declining to do this, we were told that we must wait at a certain village for a supply of corn. As none appeared in an hour, I proceeded on the march. It is not quite certain that their intentions were hostile, but this seemed to dis- arrange their plans, and one of them was soon observed running back to Mburuma. They had first of all tried to separate our party by volunteering the loan of a canoe to convey Sekwelm and me, together with our luggage, by way of the river, and. as it was pressed upon us, I thought that this was their design. The next attempt was to detain us in the pass ; but, betraying no suspicion, we civillv declined to place ourselves in their power in an unfavorable position. We afterward heard that a party of Babisa traders, who came from the northeast, bringing Eng- lish goods from Mozambique, had been plundered by this same people." Although the partv reached the confluence of the Loangwa without greater trouble than the manifestly wicked designs of Minimum's people, Livingstone felt by no means confident that 1JS IMNUEK AND DKI.I VKUAXCE. they would pass in safety. Hi- could only obtain the use of t\v> cant*-* ior the purpose of en^-ing tin- stream, :nul it seenu>d that tin- Mbunuaa \voukl at last accomplish his object anil got the party divided, lit- confesses that In- t!-lt some turmoil of spirit in the evening at the pro-jxvt of having all his eflbrts for the welfare of this great region and it.- teeming jxjpulation knocked on the head by savage- to-morrow, who might IK- siid to "know not what they do." It -<-cined -uch a pity that the imjM>rtant faet of the existence of the two healths' ridges whirJi he had discovered should not lxxt>inc known in Christendom, for a confirmation would therehv have IKVII given to the idea that Africa is not open to the go-pel. But he read that .Tesiw .-aid, ''All jtower i- given unto me in heaven and on earth; go ye, therefore, and teach till nations and lo. / .'57' '-'!" >., longitude, :;u :;-j' I-;. \\ hen the morning came there were numlx-rs of men armed, who -t'>od hv while the 'jood- and load after load of the men w.-re Keing -eiit a^To--. I ,i \- i i i_;-t one h i m-el 1' \\ a- let't to the la-t hoat, hut, concealing whatever tear he mav have felt, h.- Ke- guiled the time plea-aiitlv exhihiting variou-< artido to h;- -up- p' " thanked them for their kindm---," and, wi.-hing them peaee, pa--fl over linmole.-led, t'-elin^ in hi- heart exci-ediliglv grati- ti'-'l to (i.nl I'.r pre-erving him and pn>erving pi-ace, which he loir_ r ' d to l),-tow on Alri<-a. The partv were ii"\\ . uterine \\\<- ont.-kirt- of I'.-rtu.Mie-e en- t'-rpri-f, xteiiilin^ from th'ir eolnnv on the ea-t e"a-t. '1 In: 'atii" indi'-atioii- of a mi-taken poliev \\hieh \\ < re -o ahuiidaut i;i An_'"!a wi-re 1" !>' -een here al-o, and In P . a-* there, they ha-,-- 1" < n rath' r t In- m-mi--.- than the ln-lp.-r- of tin- natives at t !i<- jniM-tioii of th'- Loaiig\\a and /aml< -i. 'I h- t"',\ n o) /umlxi r-on'aiii- a num! i' "! ruin- of -tone lioii-e-. " I IH-V :t!! taceil th> rivr. and \\ i < hi^h enough up the Hank- ol'th' i-.i 1 .Nk.t/- RUINS OF /I'M 150. 1'J'J an/we to command a pleasant view of tin: l)ro:ioon found that he had encountered the annovance and danger of passing through the midst of people who had been lor two vcars in war with the white settlers. B'ing on the north -ide ot' the river and without mean- of crossing, he was forceil to expo-** himself' on the savage side, while on the south side he would have been under the authority of' the Portuguese. lie had, however, no disposition to take sides in such a quarrel, and DANCING FOIl CORN. moved along leisurvlv. although he was cautioned that XjH'iide had determined to allow no white man to p:iss through hid territory. The animal life aloiij; the river continued abundant, and while pa ing alon-j among the tree-, not tar 1'rom Xnmbo, three bntlaloo, which had IKH-IJ pa-,.-ed without l>eing oliservvd, di.s- overing their proximity, Ini-uine alarmed and dashed through the eompanv furiously. The o\ on which Living-tone was mounted rn-hed oil' at a -wift gallop, and when he .-iicceeded in turning him hack he .-aw that one of hi- men had enjoyed a very unexpected a-rial tour. A bnllalo had pa-.-ed -o near him that he had thrown down hi- burden and -tabbed him in the -ide. Thn-i a anlu-d the bea-t turned suddenly upon him and curried him oil' on hi- horn-, hut though he W;L-> to ed ijnite a dl-tance theft 1 wa- no serious injury experienced. It i- pretty certain that there i- no other countrv through which a hundred and fonrti-cn .-tron ir . heart v fellow.- could pa-.s * I everywhere entertained with -nch abundance. S-kwebn, the principal man, had foretold the lilx-rality of the triU-- along the Zambezi, he having knoun them inanv years lefore ; all hands agrfd that he had told onlv the truth. The men to<,k care for themselves, and having had verv little trouble li\- the wav, they were li_ r ht-heart"d and free; they genemlly conducted their [M-aecable f.rav- 1-v L r "i"'_ r into the village.- and commencing to dance, and. u hen it i- rcmcmliered that there were in the party p-pr<-entative- of nearl\ all the tribe- which are in any way under the Mako]..]o anthorif> . it i- ea-ilv conceivable 'hat the maiden- of the-c village- \\ere difplv int- peai-ane,- ; " look," thi-v \\.n!i| -av. " though \\ ha\e be, n -o loir.' a\iav ii'om home not n-|e ..) n- ha- iM-mtne lean. The ridi, l.eaiitli'ul. fre-h-lo,,kinLr, he:ilthv c..nntry c.,ntra-ted rii"-f charmm_'lv \\.:h the -ultr\, parched. droopiliiT, halt ahvo r<-_':.n in the -oiith. The alino-t d.ti!\' -ho\\ei-- imp irti-d a de- li/htfnl fre-hn- -- t . all thinj. It \\ a- hardly po-ilile t.r I M. SURPRISED BY BUFFALOES A FICJJIT AVERTED. 203 Livingstone to give the anxiety which might have l>een natural enough to the probable difficulties which he wa.-> to conl'ront when he should reach Mpende's village. He did, however, use forethought enough to propitiate such of his prominent subjects as had villages on their path, trusting that they would be dis- posed to exert some favorable influence, or, if no better, at least might circulate the true nature of his errand in advance of him. But when, on the '2-'>d of January, the sun arose on them sur- rounded by a large party of Mpcndc's people, uttering their strange cries and waving their charms, and kindling their mvstie fire, they were neither surprised nor frightened. lint though Livingstone? had no fear that his men, who were rejoicing in the prospect of a fight, would fail to hold the dav against the as- sailants, he preferred to stand looking to the Ruler of heart.-, and praving to be spared the necessity of self-defence. lie was a noble example of a man standing readv, under all circum- stances, to crucit'v his fondest affection and strongest passion tor the accomplishment of an elevated object. His men, though, being trained to marauding and suffering in their wardrobes the effects of a long tramp, looked on the situation as -s up before entering the homes of the white people. Following the custom of Sebituane, who had trained his braves, Living-tone had an ox slaughtered, that they might whet their courage for a rh<> lir. Livingstone knew the favorable de- cision of the council, he sent Sekwebu to speak about the pur- chase of a canoe, in you to direct him." He replied, '' Well, he ou^ht to ero-> to the other .-ide of the river, lor this bank i- hillv and rou^h, and the \\av to Tete i- longer on this than on the oppo-ite bank." " lint who will take n- across, if you do not ?" "Trulv!" replied Mpende; "1 onlv wi-h vou had come -.Miner to tell me about him ; but he -hall em ." The XamU'-i at thi- point wa- twelve hundred vards wide, but the pas,-a;_ r e wa- made -alMv, and Livhi;j:-tone congratulated himself on Ix-in^ on the -ide !.-- r\p-ed to pettv annovance-, and offering at the -ame time an ea.-ier path to the -ea. It W:L- s^ratitvinu' to Livinp-toiie to find all the people occiipv- in^ the coiintrv eur-.-d Kv the -lave trade of the I'ortii'jue-e at least con-cioiis of it- meanne ; thev exen-e ihetnselves (juite after the manii'T of more enlightened -inner- for their enj^ijjriiig in barter which re. pi ire- the ^ivm^ r of human In-in-j-- into bondage bv putting greater ^uilt on the tempi.-r. Thi- i- the old dod-je, which wa- not ipnte epOll-ibilitV of eneolini^- )ir_ r such a trade that their vicf.m-, too weak to re-i-t them, are j^o.^1 enoiijh to eiir-e them, and tou de^nided t Ke pitied bv til- 111. are Vet lloKle e|]ol|_d| to de-pi-e tin III. Tlle-e people -peak ot' the Ktr_r!i-h a- in<-n, Kut of ih. -lave-t rader- the\- -av, "thev ai'e not //.. ((, t he\- ar that ' h' - \\ h' liave an in'|iir\'. "All i h< childi'en ; lli-- I '.' ./nn ja e\ peji-r . The pre-. n' - "f trader- i-nabliil [^ivinj^-tone to rejil. ni-h the warcirolx - ot In- m. n, ulueh thev h:id Keen denied attending to lor thi m-elv - in tie \ i!la_'e of M p. nde, and thev \vi-n- hapjiiep. -ha-ed -la\e- of them ha 8AXI) RIVERS. 205 In latitude 15 38' 34" south, longitude- 31' 1' cast, on tlio 1st of February, they crossed the Zingcsi, one of the .sand-rivu- lets which constitute quite a feature of the country. Jt wa> in Hood at that time and flowed along quite waist-dep. The>e sand-rivers are the agencies which have probably had much to do in the changes which are manifestly occurring in the face of the country continually. In trying to ford this stream Dr. Livingstone felt thousands of particles of coarse sand beating against his legs. These rivers remove vast quantities of dii-in- tegrated rock before it has time enough to form soil, and one, diving below the surface may hear thousands of tiny stones knocking against each other continually. And we can readily believe that " this attrition, carried on for hundreds of miles in different rivers, must have an effect greater than if all the pestles and mortars and mills of the world were grinding and wearing away the rocks." The general order was somewhat interrupted by the " game laws" which protected the animal kingdom. The lands of each chief are very well defined, the boundaries being usually marked by rivulets, great numbers of which flow into the Zambesi from both banks, and if an elephant is wounded on one man's land and dies on that of another, the under half of the carcass is claimed by the lord of the soil ; and so stringent is the law, that the hunter cannot begin at once to cut up his own elephant, but must send notice to the lord of the soil on which it lies, and wait until that personage sends one authorized to see a tail- partition, made. If the hunter should begin to cut up before the agent of the landowner arrives, he is liable to lu.-e both the tusks and all the flesh. The hind leg of a butl'alo mu.-t al-o be given to the man on whose land the animal was gra/ing, and a still larger quantitv of the eland, which here and everywhere else in the country is esteemed right royal food. If these laws had been met here for the first time, Living- stone would prohablv have considered them a sort of tax on the traveller for passing through another's country, but they are found far in the south. In the interior too there are game la\\<, though not exact Iv such as these. The man who tir.-t wounds an animal, though he has inflicted but a mere scrateh, i- con- sidered the killer of it; the second is entitled to a hind TIIK M'OTTKI) IIYKNA. and the thinl to a fore-leg. The ehief- are generally entitled to a -hare :L- tribute; in xmie part- it i- the bn-:L-t, in other- the whole of the rils ami one fore-let:, 1 *r. Livingstone generallv re-jK-eN-d thi- law, although exceptions an.* sometimes nuule when aniin.il- are killed l>v .run-. The knowledge that lie who -ue- eeed- in iva'-]iin.r tin- wounded U-;i-t lir-t i- entitled to a >hare stimulates tin- whole jiartv to greater exertion- in despatching it. Anionj hi- o\vn follower- tln--e law- were in -omc foree. ( )ne nf th.- men having a knowledge ui' elephant medicine jjenerallv wt.-nt li!dlv in advamv out di-tnrliing tin- -\\rctc-t rrjio-r hy their dreadful intru-ion-. | hi- hvena partietilarlv i- drejuletl, luftin.-* 1 he fn-ijiu-ntlv apjiroai'hi-s p-r-on- Iving a-h-ep and maki - horril \\oik \\iili tinir feature-. M-n are fivi|iietitlv killt-d and i-hilo-.-il>Ic to dra-j: his vietmi a'.sa\. 1 h- - animal- prowl alioiit under eo\t|-of the darkii' --. utti riiiL r 'he nio-t horrid \-lU. Their tiltliv ^luttonv find- a !i"ice rep-i-t in tin- v.'or-t t''nn~ ot' putriditv. 1 he t-t r- -n _ r ! li of it- jaw- i- onlv ei|iiallid !>v n- wonderful power of di_''-tiii. ll \\ill <-a-ilv i-ru-h in il- N-rh th- lar/'-t li"ii<-- of .111 <:\. and di-j-i--t th'-in \'.itli'>U! th- -li_ r lit--l ilieonveniemv. I'.'if tin- pi-.tple had |>!t-ntv. and thoirjh nndi-r tin- ni-<-e--ity of hui!d!nj th'-ir H---I- in tip- air liki- tip- lird-. \\er- \it .jiiile .into: ta'il'- and li_'ht-h.-art-d. Tln-ir -jardi-n- an- in ar!\ all of tlp-:ii I'i'iaiiniil iVoiii tin- fo|-i-t-. \\hn-h alioimd in L'i'-'aiit ! tr - '-- -. h i- prolciiiK tin- pi-ciiliarlv IM\'-HOII- halut- o| dp-ir 'in-alunj- IP-MIV \\ii:'ii explain tip- taet that Inanv ot tlp-e lar^"- ir>.- e..nlain tip- I Midi-- )' tlnir d-ad. Anioii.j- tin- trees ot i:nportaii'-<- tip- tamarind i- ijinii- eon-pi-noii-, on ai-<-omit of th"- larje mimlT- .,)' lip in and it- valuaMe fruit. '1 IP re i- an- MVIXiJSTONKS GENEROSITY. -JO7 other, not unlike it, (ill led the rnotondo, tin- wood of which i> very highly valued by the Portuguese l'r building boats. The Zambesi all along east of the ridge is Mibject to fn qm nt freshets, occasioned bv the rains, which were found to !>< of almost daily oeeurrenee. Dr. Livingstone suggests that it is prohablv owing to these freshets that the Portuguese, on the coast have failed to discover the periodical overflow of the river, which is discoverable in the great interior valley, where it is not affected l>v so inanv tributaries, and where the drv and wet seasons are more markeesi was continued southward to the Cape, being allowed to flow through the flat country of the desert, it would l>e seen t!i'tri< t f rhirriT.i Atrriculture Game I.awi~I5nnyai Prayers Makol<>lo Fuith Ii!*i-i-i I.ifi--HiriU Tin ir S-IIIL-- S<|nirrvl ( i- "I'^'ifal IVaMirv* - (ir:i|--* Plumv Animal Lift- Sii|M-r-mi"ii ul>"tit I.i"ii Tin- K"ru<' A M--1.-1 Hukui'l Hrlj.ful Fart* - < i'lvrrmin-nt of I}:-- P.anyai S, -li-ctiiiu' ('hii-f-. Mniiina's ' ijijmiti>n 1'i.rlit Tlin-atnic'l Su'Mi-M I > rati-jrim-nl - < '..ii-.-i. [;<. at \V..rk "A t iiiilt " - -An < >niral W.-man'- Ili-ht- Th. >..n-in- I..i I'ljrii'.y ..f \V.m:in aii.l-, I'.a.l Hiiut.-r^ Tl..- IMiin... . -r<^ A:i'!'-. r ""ii's A'lvt-nturv Tt-rrit>lc r.!ir,.imt,-r Illiiii'-ci-r"- Ani"ii r l'.i:v~i- Vi!!;i-.-s Av..;.!,..I N.-ariiis; T.t.' I.iviti->t.,ii,- Kma.-iai.-i Ki.-iir M il. - ' U,! v A K'-tr'i>|..-i-t A Pro-pf'-t NM- Pii-tnn- Arriralnl' M- ^-ii..-. r- n at T-(f Tin- S..urr i.f tin- /atuU-i I hk n-u n - Thf Vain.- ..!' tin- l>i-r..vi-rv. Ai/niDfiiH it wa- rn>~t di-simMc 1 (> follow tlic river :i- do^.-lv :i.< jiosillr, the continue*! lloMl~. to^ctln-r with the lin-- tili- I'lianicfi-r of' -Kiut- of the jx-ttv dii- t'- who \voiild !>< on the line of that mute, ilet<'nninrr. Living-tone on a more south- ern jiath U-TO-S the di-tri'-t ot' ( 'hii-ova. 'I'hi- jrevente<| his makiiiL: anv olnM-rvations of' the /anihc-i hetwcen the hill- we-t ot' th- ( 'liirova tlats and the town of 'Pete. The nation of roiintrv throiiL'li whieh he jias-e rather gratified hv the change of route. 'Phe di-tri'-t had l>e.n rej>orten what tlicv might chance to kill, were their game laws, which diilered little from those mentioned as existing in other parts of the continent. The operation of thesi- laws may be illustrated by the liict that, the follower- of Livingstone having killed an elephant, they dared not go so far as to cut it up until a me.-seiiger had been sent to the man who had charge of the game of' (he district. The delay occasioned bv this formality rendered the meat almost useless before th" hungry party could get at it. If they had begun cutting it up without this permission they would have lost the whole. ( ):i th's occasion certain Banyai hunters chanced to be present, and exhibited a little of their national faith. One of them, wit- nessing the light of the strangers with the beast, took out hi- snuff-box and emptied the contents at the root of a tree as an offering to the spirits for success; and when the animal (I'll, said to Dr. Livingstone, "I see you are travelling with people who don't know how to pray ; I therefore offered the onlv thing I had in their behalf and the elephant soon fell." They wor- ship departed spirits, and in their reverence and devotion are an example to some whose confidence and affection arc- claimed by a higher and worthier lieing. Their modest re-peet for their Ixirimo contrasted strikingly with the confident and care- less recognition of the Supreme Giver of All bv the men from the interior, who said, "God gave it to us." lie said to the old beast, "Go up there; men are come who will kill vou." The inhabitants of this countrv call themselves Uambari, but thev are of the nation who.se general name is Ilanvai. The few towns and village's to which Livingstone came treated him ami his men kindly. Thev are surrounded bv gardens which have been reclaimed from the forests and are exceedingly fertile. The abundance of insect life was truly wonderful ; alni".-t every plant has its peculiar insect. The rankest poisons, a- the kongwhane and euphorbia, are >oon devoured. The former has a scarlet insect. Even "the lierv hir>!.-eve pepper, which ^'ill keep off many others from its uwn .-ceo!, i- it.-elf devoured by a 210 I1I1IDS OF AKIJK A. maggot. '1 lirrv were seen also great nuinlnTS of centipedes with light reddi.-h l>odies and blue legs, ami great iiiyriajHik-s are .fu crawling everywhere. Kven in the decpc-t and i' the thru.-h, while some re-emblr the lark." The be-t -MM^-. hnw- evi r, nt' them all wen- market] by certain "stramje, abriipt note~ " unlike anvthing he Imd heard before. One utters delib- erate! v, " Peek, jak, |>"k;" another ha- a >iii'_ r lc note like a -troke UK a violin .-tring. Then ttn-re i- the Imid erv of t'ran- colin-. tin- " jtunijdiru, pnmpurn " of the turtl. -dove-, and the .-creaming note- of the niokwa. The bird- of' Africa, like its people, are unknown ami therefore despised. When thev have Ix'fii -iiirj bv the piM'ts pei.pli- \\ill prai-e their snn^-. and tin- poet- N\ill -ing of them when th'-v have heard the -nng<. Like our bird-, thc-c choristers of the unknown land love the earlv niornin'_ r and the evening with it- halmv breath, or thev are filled uiih jnv when, on a -ultrv da-v. a -uddeii shnwer ha- re- fre>h'-d all nature, and 'jr^at, ("'! di'np- haiiL: lil\\ everv b'.ii-_rh <>r leaf, gli-ti-ning in the rav- of the -ini. \\lii'-h glaii'-e :i!.iii'_ r the cloud- \\ith broken p. i\ver. Il i- a plea-in^' t!iou_'hi that .Mlne~-, and it niav ! that we -hoi i!d c-.n-ider the pre-. ii.-e (.('(ind'- chui r a- a |iriph'-e\- nf hi< coiiiinj'. It mav be that the vice nt' -.iii'_ p \\liieli \\rap- tin wnrld like prai-e ], t ! the ciinopy of ( IiMl's d.,mininn. It may be that the bird- -f Afri--a. -"!i::t'iil and tree, hint i-t' thf time v. iieii nil her -al>le -MM- mav -liMiit in the wonderful enian- ipatioM \\hich .-hall attend the ivi-n of ( 'hri-t .le-u- the I.urd. GEOLOGICAL FKATl.'UKS. 21] The ever-provident squirrel was observed arranging his nest and storing his supplies in the cavities of the trees; more, how- ever, against the long hot seasons than against the winter, as with us. There were great numbers of silieilied lives Ivin^ about over the ground ; in one place there was discovered a piece of palm transformed into oxide of iron, with the pon-- lilled with pure silica. These fossil trees lie upon -oft grav sandstone, containing ban Us of shingle, which form- the under- lying rock of the country. The way led acro-< the hill- Vun- gue or Mvuugwe, which were found to be composed of variou-* eruptive rocks; at one part we have breccia of altered marl or slate in quart/, and various amygdaloid*. The dillercnt forms which silica was Ibund to a-suine were trulv remarUable. It appeared in clay stone porphyry here, in minute round globules, no larger than turnip-seed, dotted thicUlv over the matrix ; or crystallized round the walls of cavities, once filled with air or other elastic fluid ; or it may appear in similar cavities as tufts of yellow asbestos, or as red, yellow, or green crystals, or in lamina* so arranged as to appear liUe fossil wood. Yungue forms the watershed between those sand rivulets which run to the northeast, and others which flow southward, as the Kapopo. Ue, and Due, which run into the Luia. The ground in the neighborhood of the Kapopo and the IV \vas covered with rounded shingle, which, being hidden bv the grass, greatly aggravated the 1 miseries of the pede.-triau march. The difficulty was increased, too, bv the network of' vines which hedged the paths on every side and spread almost impassable snares across it. There were among these vines, however, great numbers bearing wild grapes, some of which were so delicate that they resembled greatly the cultivated varieties ; the-e are eagerly appropriated by the native-, and the Portuguese have found out the value of some of the varieties fir making vinegar. Indeed, the invitation seems to be extended quite encouragingly to those interested in grape culture to think of Africa. Another species of fruit which was found to be really "delicious" is known as the mokoronga. It- abundance doe- not diminish its popularity. The natives speak of' it a- "all fat," which they mean shall convey the impression of excellence. Though these plums are but little larger than a cherry thev are irreatlv ivli-he-i 4. <- * * * 13 THE KOUM'K AND I IKK NEST. lv the elephant, and they may l>e HVII standing picking tliem oil' patiently by the hour. The IMIW and arrow have Invn inefl'eettial weajxms against th<* multitude- of animals whieh make their home in this eotin- trv. JntValoe- and antelnpe- were found in abundance ; lions and hvena- a!-o are ivinarUablv nnmerou-. I'o ihlv tlie MIJMT- -tition of the pi-nple ha- -oim tiling to do witli the nnml>er- and andaeitv of the former, for the people, ix-lieving that the souls of' their ehief- enter into them, never attempt to kill them ; thev veil delieve that a chief iiiav mi -tamorpln 1-1 him-ell'into a lion, kill anv one he ehoo-e-, and then return to the human form ; then-fun-, when thev see one, thev eoinmenee clapping their hand-, whieh i- the n-nal mode of -alntation here. The eon.-e- '|iienee i-, that lion- and livena- are so abundant tint little huts are -ei n made m the tree-, indicating the places where .-onie of the inhabitant.* have -!.-pt wlien In-ni^hted in the field-. Tlie courage or inditVerence with whieh Livinp-tnne's men wandered alx'Ut in ---arch ofhon'-v and liird-' ne-t- ijnite a-ton- i-iied the native-. In the-e forav- it \\a> (jnite common t'or them to find the ne-t- of the korwe. Tin- i- a verv remarkable liird \\ho-e n. -t- are found in the eavitie- ot' the mopaiie tree-. \\ hen the female enter- her ne-t, -he -nbmit- to a real confine- meat. The male pla-'er- up tin- entrance, leaving onlv a narrow -lit liv which to f'eed hi- mate, and which exactlv -nits the form of hi- iieak. Tin 1 female make- a ne-t of' her own leather*. !a\ - her ej-'_r-, hatehe- them, and remain- with the \ouii_' til! they are fully fledged. J )nrin-j all tin* time, which i- -tated to !..- t \\ o or three month-, the male continue- to feed her and the \oim_r familv. I he pri^mii-r ^iMierallv lieconie- '[ii:te tiit, and i- e-N-eined a verv daintv nior-d |i\- the natives, while ill- |K.,,r -lave of a hn-!>and L'et- -o lean that, on the -ml- d- :i 1" \ i 'in_' of the t en i pe rat 1 1 iv \\ hi eh -onietiine- ha p|>en- after a tail o| ram, he i- liemimtied, fall- do'A'ii, and die-. The hor.\ j-. -i.. i al ,\' I'-ad- In r \ mirj for! h alf >;it t In- time when corn i- ripe, and the\ are tullv cloth, ,1 and ih-djed f-r their fir-t app-'i: a!r oath' -ta-je o| life. I'lie deVotloll wllic'il tile jxiretlt iii I'd- inanil' -! t' >r -;i'-!i ot her i- \ e|-\ I want if n! ; lint u hen a di*- iiin*olale hn-liand :- found t'-edin^ another \\ife at the -aim* ne-t fpiai -.\!. i'ii h;- lofiii'-r partner wa- taken liv voracious men AFRICAN I'KOI'KK NAM I*. 21.; only four or fivo weeks lx;fore, his love becomes strongly like :i sarcastic imitation of his human enemies, who an- hardly more permanently disconsolate. The party eame to Moiiina's village (close to the Nind-rivi-r Tangwe, latitude HI" 1'V IW" south, longitude '-VI '.">'!' ea.-t i. This man was verv j)O|)iilar among the tribes on account of lib* liherality. Horoma, Nyampungo, Monina, .lira, Katolosa ( Mononiotapa), and Susa, all acknowledge the supremacy of' one called Nvatcwe, who is reported to decide all disputes respecting land. This confederation is exact Iv similar to what we observed in Jjonda and other parts of Africa. Katolosa is ''the Kmperor Monomotapa" of history, but he is a chief of no great power, and acknowledges the supremacy of Nyatewe. The, Portuguese formerly honored Mononiotapa with a guard to fire off* numbers of guns on the occasion of any funeral, and he was also partially subsidized. The only evidence of greatness possessed bv his successor is his haying about a hundred wives. AVhen he dies a disputed succession and much fighting arc expected. In re- ference to the term Mononiotapa, it is to be remembered that Mono, Moene, Mona, Mana, or Morena, mean simplv chi< f] and considerable confusion has arisen from naming different people by making a plural of the chief's name. The names Mono- moixes, spelled also Monemuiges and Monomui/es, and Mono- motapistas, when applied to these tribes, are exactly the same as if we should call the Scotch the Lord Douglases. Motape wrfs the chief of the Bambiri, a tribe of the Banvai, and is now represented in the person of Katolosa. He was probably a man of greater energy than his successor, yet only an insignificant chief. Monomoizes was formed from Moixa or Mtii/a, the sin- gular of the word Babisa or Ai/.a, the proper name of a lartre tribe to the north. In the transformation of' this name the same error has been committed as in the others ; and mistakes have occurred in many other names by inattention to the meaning, and predilection for the letter /. The river Loangwa, for in- stance, has been termed Arroangoa, and the Luenya the Ruanha. The Baxixulu, or Mashona, are spoken of' as the Morururus. The government of the I>anyai is rather peculiar, beinir a sort of feudal republicanism. The chief is elected, and thev choose the son of the deceased chief's sj a distant trilx- for a -ucees-or, \vh is u-uallv of the family of the late chief, a brother, or a -i-ter's son, hut never his own son or daughter. When lir-t -pokcn to on the Mihjeet, he answer- ;is if he thought him-elf unequal to the task and un- worthy of the honor; but, having aet> up hi- own village, it is not unusual tor the eleeted duel' to >end a nu mix- r of the young men, who eon^re^ate about himself to vi-it him. If he does not receive them with the u-ual amount of flapping of hand- and luunilitv, thev, in olxilienet- to orders. at onee burn his village. The ehildren of tin- chief have !i\\er privileges than eommon free men. Thev mav not !* sold, but, Hither than ehoo-e anvone of' them for a chief al anv future time, the tree Mien Would prefer to elect one of thelll-elvi-S, \\llo lxre only a verv di-tant relation-hip to the tamilv. The-e tn-e men are a distinct -la~s who <'an never be -old ; and under them there i- a el;i>s nf -laVeS wlio-e a| i[ u ai';i IK -e a~ Well a- ji"-l!l"ll 1> verv drgratli 1 *!, Monina had a '_ r reat number ot voun^ men about him from twelve to fifteen \e;ir- of a^c. The-e were all on- ot' tree men, and bantl- of voiing men like them in the different di~trict> leave their parent^ alout tin- age of pulM-rty, and live with -uch men a- Monina for the -ake of in>truetion. \\'h''ii a-!;ed the nature of the instruction, one i- told " |iony:ri," which m:iN' be under -to<>d a- indictiting manhood, tor it sounds a- it \ve -lioiiM a\', "to teai-h an Amd i- broii-jhl th- 1 \~oii n^ men ma\ not ap- proach the di-h, but an elder ilividi-* a portion to.acli. Tiny r-'inaiii unmarried until a fre-h -! of youth- i- r-:i'l\ too,-, upy th- :r plac. ind- r the -atii'- m-t niet ion. I he '.n- to cultivate LTarden- to .- to Monina to pnrrh.'L-f c \\'h.-ii Hi- lad- r- -turn to t!ie village of their parent-, a ea-e i- fibmi'?. d to tli- -n t-.r adjiidii-ition, and it' thev -peak well on the point the pan-iit- are highly gratified. A NIGHT'S KXl'KKIKNCE. 21 r ) Monina did not seem as generously inclined as Nyampungo had been, and intimated at the first interview that he wa- di.-- satisfied with the excuses given lor not presenting something valuable. The demonstrations were decidedly indicative of an attack. Livingstone had reason to believe, however, that the e! lief was personally more incline\vn tn their arms, watching silently, and only allowed themselves to >lcep when it was certain that a night assault was abandoned. During that night of anxiety an unexpected sorrow fell on the party. Monahin, who had commanded the Batokaof Mokwine, arose; in the night, and looking toward the smouldering tires about which the people of Monina had been dancing, was heard to say, " Listen, don't vou hear what thev are saving ; thev are going to kill Monahin," and then turning about he walked awav into the forests and could not be found. This brings to notice again the peculiar temporarv derangement which is (juite fre- quently met with in the tribes of Africa. It seems generally to be the result of some uncommon strain on the mind. Mo- nahin was suspected by these Batoka whom he commanded as being the murderer of Mokwine; thev would sav, '' Mokwine is reported to have been killed by the Makololo, but Monahin is the individual who put forth his hand and slew him.'' It is worthy of note that while these people have no sort of compunc- tions about killing in battle, concerning one who kills a man of any standing, in a foray undertaken on his o\vn account, the common people continue ever after to indulge in remarks, which are brought to him in various wavs, until the iteration on his conscience produces insanitv. There was hardly the slightest hope of finding the poor fello\r in n countrv so infested with ravenous beasts, but I)r. Living- stone spent three whole davs in the search before he could find heart to go on. The affliction, too, seemed to a fleet the heart of Monina; he aided in every wav in his power; he seemed anxiou^ least he might be suspected of having stolen tin- mi in.: m:m. and assured Dr. Livingstone most positively, saying, " \\ e never l>lf> T1IK WITCH-DOCTOR. catch or kidnap people* here ; il is not our custom ; it is considered a guilt among all the trilx->." A- the party left .Monina's village, a witch-doctor, who had been sent tor, arrived, and all Monina'- wives went forth into the field- that morning tit-ting. There thev would U- compelled to drink rui infusion of a plant named " goho," which is used :L- an ordeal. 1 hi- ceremony is called " muavi," and is per- formed in thi- way : \\ hen a man suspects that any of hi- wives ha- I x.* witched him, lie sends tor the witch-doctor, and all the \\ives go fbrth into the field, and remain fa-tin-: till that per.-on has made an infusion of the plant. Thev all drink it, each vne holding up her hand to heaven in attestation of her inno- cenee. Tho-e who vomit it are considered innocent, while tho-e whom it purge.- are pronounced guiltv, and put to death In- huming. The innocent return to their home-, and slaughter a cock :L- a thank-offering to their guardian spirit.-. The practice of ordeal is common among all the negro nation- north of' the Zambesi. Thi- summary procedure excited I M-. Living-tone's siirpri-e, for hi- intercour-e with the native- here had led him to believe that the women were held in so much estimation that the men would not dare to ^ r --t rid of them thu-. Hut the ex- planation he received wa- thi-: The slightest imputation makes them ea^erlv de-ire the test ; thev arc conscious of' bcin^ inno- cent, and have the fullest faith in the muavi detecting the guiltv alone; hence thev ;_ r ' w illiii:_ r lv, and even ca^erlv, to drink it. The women arc honored with peculiar deference bv the trilx-s in thi- -ection ; tln-v are apjH-aled to bv their hu-band- to decide important rind trivial jue-ti->n-; fi>r example, at the town of Nvakoba, there w:is a guide appointed to attend Living-tone; he bargained that hi- service- -h-mld be rewardei] with a hn,- ; the l,.,e wa- ilelivered f, liiin in a-l\'aii''e, ami he went with de- li_ r ht to -how it to hi- wife, but when he returned informed the I'o tor- that hi- wife would not allow him to m>. " \\'ell." -ail Living-tone, " bring !>ack the hoe." "Hut I want it." "Then go with ii-. " Hut tnv wili' won't let me." . \n-l when Livtng- kti .ne -ai-1 to hi- in- ii, " I >i-l \-oii ever hear -iieh a t- ol V ' thev p-plied, " < >h. t hat i v I IP- eii-toin ill th'--e part- ; t he w ive- rule." It ma\' U- eomfort in_ r to -oine --t the humbler lord- of creation to r-ll'-^ on thi- iii' 'nl. nt, and it ma\ ciie-.iira/- the strong- "WOMAN'S KKJIITS." L'17 minded women who are clamorous for promotion to the of masters to know that their dark .sisters are in hearty .sym- pathy with them. It may l>e suggestive 1 also to mention tin- method by which this supremacy is maintained. And let it not l>e imagined for a moment that thev are so artless as to parade their ambition in the matter, or that they arc >o unwise as to assert an authority, which may l>e maintained by gentler mean-, with force. There, a.s most commonly in civilized communities, the power lies in the feminine charms, and in the joy or pain of a smile bestowed or withholden. Sekwebu witnessed the .-cene of the incident mentioned above, and heard the man say t<> hi- wife, in the midst of their endearments, " I)o yon think that I won Id ever leave you'.'" and then turning to himself ask, " Do yon think I would leave this prettv woman ? is she not prettv '.' " Indeed the potency of beauty is no more confined to our boa.-tfi;l society than is the song of the birds confined to our cultured groves. It is not only true that woman exerts a manifest influence among the tribes of the Banyai, it is also true that the custom^ of social life reeogni/e her dignity very decidedly. Wives arc not obtained bv purchase a.s in most parts of southern Africa. Tho fortunate groom cannot assume any authority over his new- found bride; he must go to the home of her parents and live there, and the mothers-in-law of Africa are not more careful for the happiness of this class than art' those of other nations; the poor fellow has, therefore, sometimes at least, need of ve.rv patient love, and if he has spirit enough to resist, he mav go alum* as he came, or indemnify the familv for the loss of' his wife and chil- dren. The husband, though, does not seem to consider the de- ference whic r ! he pays his wile a hard service, but renders it with manifest pride and pleasure. It is a pitiful excess of selfishness and self-conceit which makes a man count it a degradation to confess his respect for the judgment or plea.-ure of the woman who commits her life to his keeping and consecrates her love and labor to his happiness; and it i- beautiful promise of loftiest possibilities of' refinement that, in the midst of' so much ignorance and depravity, there should be in Africa ever so little rc.-jH.rt for woman. But these ect l)v the exhibition of milder and more amiable tempers, art- not the canals of tl . ruder triU-s, in t he jsort of courage which distinguishes im-n in the face of the fenx'ious beasts which com- mand the forest |Ntth.s ami the tlecp jungles of Africa; they eould not Infill to COJH- with the interior tribe- in the more dangerous -|>>rf.> which involve the slaying ol(ler front than this latter. There are several species of the rhinoc- eros mentioned bv different writers; thev si-em, however, c:u-ilv included in the two prominent ela.-.-e- distinguished by their color-; the black i- the more dangerous both on account of its -uperior strength and :t [Mvuliarlv morose di-po-ition. An ex- pcrieneetl hunter a crt> that lie would rather fan- tit'tv lion.s than one of these animal- in an exposed -ituatioii. The ii:ht ot'the rhinoeero- i- impertect, an4-ape which i- open to a man who i- singletl out |i>r hi- rau'e. ( )\ enoniioii- bulk and ama/in^ strength, anil armed with a horn "-harp a- a ra/or," he i- an ennnv to be treatetl with nio-t -eriotis eou-iderat ion. Mr. A nd'-r-.-on, whose adventure wilh a lion ha.- IMVII men- tioned, and a rath'-r n-ekle hunter, eame ipjile -uddenlv ii|>on me of the-e moii-ter- whieh had IM-. ii wounded, and thinking to make her ehair/e h--r po-ition o a- to olli-r a better opening for lii- aim, vent lire* I to ca-t a -tone at her. I n-tantlv -lie r;i-hed upon him with dreadful furv, snorting Imrriblv, and teariut: the t'roiind with her feet, while her -\panded no-tril- >eenied -inok- in^ with ra'_ r e ; he had no time to note the eHJ-et ot hi- luistv -hot be|ire he \va- da-lied to the ground, an \<-<'l -he had turned upon him and dahed hitii to t h-' ground a -ond t line, tearing hi- thi^h open with her Hiiarp horn, and tnimpl'-l him de-jM-rafelv m th<- du-t. She fie n -.-. in -d to lo-.- him, and a- h-' era\\|ei| awav to the -Inlter of a ii'-i _'hi i. .nn_ r tree !), -aw h--r -oui'- di-tance otV tearing the bu-K'--. a- it in unap|H-a-ab|e n_"-. Not .n!\' mm, but thf m-t t"-r<-ioii- b-'a-t- -hrink Iroin an pngageujeul with the rUin-n-ero- ; even the lordly elephant mam- TUIAI-S AND ENCOURAGEMENT. 219 fests unqualified fear in his presence. Sometimes two or more of thc.-M' terrible creatures are known to engage in awful com bats with eaeh other; it is then a scene indeed lor the gladiatorial ring; tin? earth trembles under their train]), and the horrible snorting and pulling sends a thrill i>t' terror through all the beasts of the t<>rest. The white species was juite extinct along the eastern division of the /amlx-si. It falls an easier victim of the hunter, and the native arrows and strategy together would IH- a serious hindrance to its increase, but since these have been supplemented bv the powdvr and ball of civili/ed warfare they are fast disappearing, even in the more southern country where thev have been most numerous. After leaving Monina it was important for the travellers to avoid the villages, as the people nearer the Portuguese settle- ment exhibited the, natural enough, disposition to tax them, while in fact thev were poorlv able to pav anything. Living- stone's heart was bounding with eager anticipation of a welcome at Tcte, which was onlv a few davs' travel in advance of him. lie had not suffered so seriously as on the journev to Loanda, but he had endured manv hardships. Much of the distance from the falls had been performed on ft lost his spirit. n<>r had his interest in the well-being of his followers and the condition of tlu 1 tribes along his route failed in the least. He lav down on the evening of the l2d of March eight miles from Trie, and sent forward the letters of introduction which had been given him bv the Portuguese authorities at Loanda to the commandant. It was nearlv two vears since he parted with the generous Englishman who alone supports the dignity of the name in the western colony. During tho-e two years he had traversed all the intervening wilderness, with onlv the companionship of the ignorant and superstitious and depraved savages, and he was now dragging the line of his explorations to the eastern coast. And though the town of Tete was several hundred miles from the sea. he felt that his succe-s would be complete when he arrived there, because it was the border town of the Portuguese, and he would from thence be in the care of white m'U and 22" THE TRAVELLEK'H KKTKor- iler like the njoiiuineiits of old forgotten Titanic heroes. There wa- the wtHiilerfnl valley of the (^nan^o, a hundred mils wide, with it.- walls a thoii-and feet high. Then came in fiv.-hly on hi- mind the weariness and anxietv of -iekne.-s and detentions and jx'tty strifes. The western water-shed next absorbed his thought ; the floating along the Leeba and the Leeambve, and the " welei me home" -o cordial Iv extende 1 bvthe Makololo. Then the months of loving lalor in the word <>f('hri-t, and the Kiger watching l'r the .-lighie-t evidcnivs of gotxl accomplishes]. SoiiK-time^ he seenietl to 1 >e wuiitlering a-jain in the -t range labyrinth of river- which flow alnuil through the reinarkahle fi--ure> <>f the great interior eoiintrv-o iinnatunillv. In the midt of the-e the wild and grand and lovelv fall- of the Zam- ln-.-i l)iir-t anew on In- di-lightol YI-IOH. The splendid lull-* and lofty range-, with their Ix-atitifnl vallev- and teeming herd.-* and -tori-.- of war and wront:, -neered in turn. Then the gopje of the Katili 1 . And the /amlx-i again, a tlmn-and \anl- wide. Amid all there .see lie-, the dark. 1 1 ii t aught . uncared-for human inhaliitants were s--n dragging aloiit the I'etter- of their -nper- ~t it ion-; nnctuiH'ionslv, indeed, \>\\\ wearilv. He M-'inel to hear their ehildi-h laughter riii'_ r iii_ r out in the mi-l-t of' wiekel- o'' lo\-- and LTratitnde !I.MU \fnc.i to t!ii- v.orlil, and all it- nun niur;ii'j- \\en- changi-l to -hunt- n( T1IK MIDNIGHT VISITORS. J2') praise. Oh, how fascinating and liow praiscful is the retr<>|xi-t of yours nobly spent in the nervier of ('hri.it 1'or tin- help of man! There is nothing grander in human life than the delib- erate consecration of intelligence and refinement to tin- real Kerviee of the degraded and indifferent. We cannot find a grander specimen of philanthropy than lies before u- in the lonely, weary, perilous but willing isolation of the devoted man who was waiting in pain and hunger for the dawning of the day, and loved the scenes of a life of pain and hunger which crowded about him and spread a canopy of memorv over him for a tent. The stars were on duty still, shining like the camp fires of heaven's protecting army, and the heavy breathing of the dusky company had been undisturbed. It was just two o'clock in the morning when messengers arrived who had been sent forward with welcome and a civilized breakfast from Tete. No man could more fully appreciate such attentions than Dr. Livingstone. He seemed unconscious of the weight of obliga- tion which liis life of self-sacrifice was bringing the world under. He was only laboring in the love of men and xeal for Christ, and he thought of no reward. No man was more sensi- ble to the helpful influences of sympathy ; his heart bounded at the words of cheer which were brought him. The presence of' persons who could in any sort understand him and sympathize with him was like the communication of new lite; his fatigue vanished, and he walked the remaining eight miles fre-hly and joyfully. There is wonderful power in sympathy ; loving words are a medicine for the soul better than all thing.- the specific for all the anxieties of the mind. The reception at Tete was as cordial as could he. The com- mandant Tito Augusto d'Aranjo Sicard proved him-elf a liberal and attentive host. The Portuguese authorities had been informed bv the friends of' I>r. Livingstone in England of his being on his wav across the continent, and hi.- expected arrival in their midst; but as there had been a sort of' ( 'affre war going on for two years, thev had lost all hope o! his ever reaching their settlements alive. Quite lately, though. Major Sicard's expectations had been awakened by the arrival at Tete of natives who spread the rumor that the "son of (io.l \\as 2'2-l RECEPTION AT TETE. approarhincr, and that he was ahh- to take the sun clown and juit it under his arm ! " The major was convinced that the storv w:i- found"d <>n the approach of some explorer, whom, lie W:L- <-o!i\ nil-ill al-o, cotiltl U' no other than the man who had already ar. Livinj*stone wa> '* vis- ited l>v all the gentlemen of the village, lioth white and eoloretl, including the padre." Not one of them had anv idea of when 1 the -i. IIP-C of the /a:nbe-i lav. Thev -eiit tor the be^t-travelled native-, hut not <>:ie of th'-m kne^v the river, even a> far a< Kan-ala rapids, which mav ! -een indieated on the map, not more than thirtv or lortv mi!e> alo\-e the itinMtieiuf of the Kafiif. and luit little more than halt' wav to the "Victoria FalU." < )ne man. who had le.-n a ^n-at traveller in the-oiith- we-tern (-"untrv, had heard of Livin^r-tone's di-eoverv ot' Lake N'^ann, luit he wa- entir- Iv ignorant that the threat ri\'i-r tl"\\in_ r liv the t"\vn where he liv.il came from the interior of the e,>M- tinent. Living-ton.- had the i-.-ward ot' hi^ self--.aerifiee in the (rtaintv that he had not li.-en i.llv ctuplovtil, hut that in th.-e ve;ir- ot' wandering he had [M-rformeil a -(TVKV whieh eentiirie- t.. eon)i- would le -till cont'c-rriiiL' it- MO-MIL:- on the \\orld. He had \>, en aide to e.invet the error- of philosnphv and pivju- di'-e, and lirinir to waiting ( 'hri-tendotn the a--uranee that in AtVi'-a there wa- a ti- Id n-adv \'r the -ower, and that thi- ln'oad river, altoiir who-e d.-ha civilix:itioii had heen -tanK POSSF>MONS. Th Villiure of Tfte-Inhabitants --(i..I Articles of KxjM.rt -(Jold -Coal --Value of t Appearance of Count ry Method of Cultivatin.i; the Soil Airricultiin- Neglected Hot Spririirs- People Favorable to Kii^lislnnrii Cau-c of Portuguese Failure -Leaves Tete Nyaude's Stockade The (ion,'* 1 of I.upata Senna Tin- I.andcenv "r /.ulun Misery of Senna Surroiiinlinu' Country Tin- Shire Kilimane- Liviiu'- tone's Ohject His Theory of Minion Work Hi- Hopes for Afriea --Arrival of the " Frolic" Disposition of Ivory Parts with his Followers Sekwehu In the Boats -On IJoanl the Ship Insanity aii'l Death of Sekxvelm Arrival t Mauritius Dear OKI England Forl>ithlen Scenes Public Honors The Sin-Ie Desire. THK delight which Dr. Livingstone ex})crienceil in Ix-in^ oiu'o moro in communication with people who couUl in some sort apprwiatc him \v:is fully justified l>v tin; persevering kind- ness of Major Sieard. There was no attention within >ldcn whii'h eonld contribute to the comfort and enjoyment of the i^reat explorer who had traversed the whole breadth of the con- tinent. It was the unhealthy season at Kilimane, and the generous host insisted on detaining h'us guest at lca>t a month, until he might hope to go down to the coast satMv ; and having Mvun.-d employment for his followers, he claimed I)r. Livingstone for his personal charge. The village it-elf possessed no special charms; it stands on a sueees.-ion of low sand-tone ridge- on the right hank of the Zambesi, which is here nearly a thou.-and yards wide (OliO yards). Shallow raviius, running jnirallcl with the river, form the streets, the hoii-cs being built on the rid^e-. The whole surface of the streets, except narrow footpaths, w.-rc overrun with self-sown indigo, and tons of it miu'lit have bn-n collected. In lact, indigo, -eiina and stramonium, with a species of cassia, form the weeds of the place, whii'h are annually hoed off and burned. A wall of .-tone and mud surround.- the I'.'O 2'2A AGRICULTURE AND GOLD. village, awl the native population live in hnt.s outside. The fort and the ehurvh, near the river, are the strongholds; the natives having a salutary dread of tin- gun- of the our, ami a sti]H-i-stitions fear of the unknown JO\VIT of the other. The numlxT of white inhabitants is small, and rather sdivt, manv of them having IHVII considerately sent out of Portugal " tor their ("uutrv's good." The military element preponderates in society ; the convict ami " incorrigible" das-; of soldiers, nveiv- ing very little pay, dej>end in great mea-ure on the produce of the gardens of their black wives; the moral condition of the re- sulting jHipulation mav IK- imagined. Kven the ollieers seldom receive their pav from government ; but, being of an enterprising spirit, thev contrive to support thetnsclvt* bv marrying the daunhters or widows of wealthv merchants, and trade in ivory bv mean- of the -lave> of whom they thu- In-come the ma-tcr-. In former times, considerable quantities oi' grain, a- wheat, millet and mai/e. w re exjHtrted ; also eolltv, sugar, nil, aiul indigo, In^idi- '/old du-t and iv>r\'. The cultivation of' ::ram was earried on bv IIP an- of slavis, of whom the I'ortuguc-e p,,,,,,,^! a lar/e nnmU-r. The gold dii-t \v;i> proeiin-d by \v:i~liiiiL r at varioii- point.- on the north, >onth and wr-t of Tete. A mereliant took all hi- >]ave> with him to tlu \v:i*liinp*, tirrv- in_ r a- mii'-li (-ilieo and otlier good- a-, lie could mn-ter. < >ti arriving at th- washing |>la<-e, he made a pnsent to the chid' of tli' valni- of about a pound sterling. The .-laves w-re thru dividt-d into partie-, each ln-adeil by a confidential servant, who not only had tip- -upervi-ion of hi- wjuad while the wa-liing wt-nt on, but l>ought dust from the inhabitants, and mad' a w--kly r- turn to hi- ma-ter. \\'lien -everal ma-ter- unit.-d at OIK- -pot. it wa- called a " Hara." and they then envied a tem- porary church, in which a prie-t from one of the mi--ion< [> r- for:!i-i| ma--. iJoth ehi.-f'- and people \vere tavorablc to tlie*^ \ :-:'-. U-.-aii-e id,, trader- purcha-ed 'jniin for the -u-t-nani-- of th" -lave- \s ith the L 'ood-thev had bn.iiu'ht. They eont inueij at flu- lalmr until the whole of the goods were ex|M-ndere-ent the whole KFFECTS OF SLAVE TRADE. 007 amount of gold obtained annually by the Portuguese is from eight to ton |M>unds only. When tin- slave; trade; began, it seemed to many of the merchants a more speedy mode of becom- ing rich to sell off the slaves than to pursue the slow mode of gold washing and agriculture, and thev continued to export them until they had neither hands to labor nor to fight lor them. It was just the storv of the goose and the golden e^. The cofi'ee and sugar plantations ami gold washings were aban- doned, (localise the labor had been exported to the Brazils. Mauv of the Portuguese then followed their slaves, and the government was obliged to pass a law to prevent further emi- gration, which, had it gone on, would have depopulated the Portuguese possessions altogether. As it was, the remaining representatives of Portugal were little better than none, so ihr as asserting any authority was concerned. The late war, which only terminated a few months before Livingstone arrived from the interior, had demonstrated how unable they were to cope with the tribes about them in case of revolt. Ka>ika on the north had plundered and burned all the plantations of the wealthy merchants on that side of the river, and Xvaude, who had placed his stockade just below the village, at the confluence of the Luenya, had completely blockaded it during two vears, so that they had been compelled to send overland to Kilimane for goods enough to buv food with. The priests at Tete had no more power than the captains ; the church did not amount to any more than the fort. The natives were careful to keep out of the range of the guns from the fort, but acknowledged their authority no further. So thev kept out of the church, but cared nothing for the religion. The Portuguese do not seem to have concerned themselves about the religious beliefs of their wild associates. Indeed, they were rather inclined to make capital of the superstitions which they should have sought to overcome. Certainly their metropolis mi^ht also be regarded as the metropolis of heathen absurdi- ties. Being made up of the representatives of various trihc<, it was also a focus of superstitions. Thev believe that manv evil spirits live in the air, the earth, and the water. These invi>ible malicious beings are thought to inflict much suffering on the human race; but, as they have a weakness for beer and a crav- J'JS CALICO CL'UKENC'Y. ing for food, they may Ix- propitiated from time to time by offer- ings of meat an-1 ilrink. The serj>ent is an object of wor.-hip, and hidcoti- little images are hung in the huts of the sick and living. Tin 1 uneoiitaminateil Africans believe tliat Morungo, the (in at Spirit who formed all things, lives alxtve the stars ; but tli-y never pray to him, ami know nothing of their relation to him, IT of hU intere-t in them. The spirit.- of their de- parted aiicc-tor- are all good, aeconling to their idea,*, and on -peeia! occ;L-ions aid them in their enterprises. When a man ha- hi- hair cut, he is can-fill to burn it, or bury it secretly, le-t, falling into the hand of one who has an evil rye, or is a witeh, it -hoiild In: u-ed as a charm to aillict him with the headache. Thev believe, al-o, that thev .-hall live alter the death of the Ixxlv, but have no di.-tinct ideas of the condition of the departed spirit-. The principal currencv of the countrv wa- ICnglish calico, which wa- iveeived by the natives in exchange lor any and everything which thev had lor sale. Lalnir, gram, land, gold, evervthing ha- it- price in calico, and the cheapness of lalxir partii -ularlv would almo-t turn the head .f one of our employ- ers, wh"-r life i- worried abno-t out of him bv the -v-tcm of .strike- \\ iiieh i- the order of tlie dav. Two yards of unblcaehed calico i~ the price of a dav'- labor, or -ixteen yard- will hire a man a month. IVovi-ion i- ecjuallv chea|. In onlinarv time< two vard- of calico will buv twcntv-foiir li>wl-, and a hundred jKMind- of (l.iiir briir_ r the >ame price. The chief article- ,,f export at the time of IV. Livinir-tone's vi-it, in 1 >")>, \\ere ivory and -jold du-t, and tln-e not in vcrv con-nler;ili|e ijliail! It le-. 1 he f_'n]d -i-em- to have been tile temptation which lir-t drew the I'ortn-^ne-i 1 to the Xambe-i : but it i- ijiie-tioiiable whether thev ever reali/ed anything like their liope- in tli.- ijiiantitie- of ihe |>reeioii- metal \\Iiich thev ob- tain' -d. 1 here ;iri', ho\ve\-er, <|ui:e a number of wa-hiiiLT- in thf eotintrv, and it i- jirobubli' that the world will vet tind them verv lucrative. I >i . Livin^-tom- had the opportunity of -xam- inin^ tie- 'jo Id du-t from ditlen-nt part- to the ea-t and northea-t of T. te. Koiind to\\ard the we-tward, the old I'ortu_Mie-e indicat<' a i \\hich \\.i- near to Xumbo on the Kiver I'anvamc, and THE GOLD FIKI.DS. OO", called Dumbarari, near which much gold was found. Further west lav the now unknown kingdom ofAbutiiii, whieh \\a- IDT merlv liiinoiis for tho metal; and then, round toward the ea-t, are the gold washings of the Mashona, or I'a/.i/.iilu, and, farthi-r east, that of Maniea, where gold is found much more abundant Iv than in anv other Jart, and which IKLS been supposed bv -ome to be the Ophir of King Solomon. (Jold from this quarter was seen as large as grains of wheat, that found in the rivers which run into the coal field being in verv minute .-calf-. If one leg of the compass be placed at Tete, and the other ex- tended three and a half degrees, bringing it round from tin* northeast of Tete by west, and then to the southeast, we nenrlv touch or include all the known gold-producing countrv. A- the gold on this circumference is found in coarser grains than in the streams running toward the centre, or Tete, Living-tone imagined that the real gold field lies round about the coal field ; and, if he was right in the conjecture, then we have coal en- circled bv a gold field, and abundance of wood, water, and pro- visions a combination not often met with in the world. Dr. Livingstone had noticed some specimens of' coal before reaching Tete, but he there found that there were nine different seams known to the Portuguese, all within the circle of' gold which we have described. The coal had, of course, received verv little attention, and the gold was almost a- much ne- glected. The natives are not so fond of' labor or of' gold a- ID go through the tedious process by whie-h the preeiou- dust is obtained, and thev onlv wash a little now and then when thev stand in nerd of calico. Thev had learned the value of' the treasure, though, and were' very careful of' it ; they take it for sale in goose quills, and demand twenty-tour yard- of' e-alico for a single penful. In ixe-neral appearance the countrv where tlie-e treasure 1 * abound is hi^hlv picturesque; the hills are clothed with .-tatelv Wests, and the lovelv valley- threaded bv mimei'Dii- -tivaiu- atv ve-rv fertile-, and, according to the standards of' the cDi are well cultivated. The only tanning implement here, h ever, as in other part- of' Africa, i- the hoe; the work i- done chieilv bv the 1 women, too, as elsewhere. After the u'rain i- once ill the ground, a single' weeding is all that is required. Th> 14 ow- H<>T SI-KINGS XKAK TKTK. -imp!e prs reproents all mir .-nl>-oil plowing, liming, manur- ing, and harrowing, f>r in four month- alter planting a g.-eu known to yield a hundred-fold. No irrigation is required, lteeati-e here there arc gentle rain-, almost like mi-t, in winter, which go lv the name of" wheat--h owi-r-," and are unknown in the interior, where no winter rain ever tall-. The plantations of e.iil'v, whieh were a -onree of verv eon- Md'-rahle revemi" pnviou- to the ujn-iiin^ of the -lave trade, had IM-CII abandoned, and hardly a tree eoiild In- found. In- digo and -enna, which were mentioned a- _TOWIII_^ in the streets of Tete, are found ^rowinj everywhere, hut are allowed to decav, erop after erop tin eared f>r. l>nt we mn-t not tail to mention the e\i-ten<-e of a numl>er of hot -priii- r -: whieh are to 1>- fmnd in th" neighborhood of I Tete. I )r. F/vin'4-tonc vi-it" 1 one called N vain I H UN nn la, situated in the li.-d of a -aial! -In -am named .Y'/'"'i'/<; ; the liitle -prin^; }iul)!lc- up ]n-t li.--ide tin- rivnli-t. and a |_ r r.-at ipiantitv of aerid -team wa- -""ii ri-:M_r np fro'n the .j-roiind adjacent, al>oat :wi-lve 1'i-et ,-ipiare <>!' \\hi--ii w:.- -o hot that men eoii!d n-.t -taii-l on it wi:h hare fi-.-t. Tin-:-.- \\ere -"Veral little ho!, - from whieh the water \\ a- trickling, l>u! the prmeipal -prinir wa- 'n a hole alioiit a foot in diameter and a- much in depth; Imlt!.!.- were ri-iin: mn.-tantly ; th" thermometer l>"in_ r a f"W -<< imU in the wat<-r the mereiiry Mood stcadilv at l'!<> . A fro_ r whi h r!"d the exjwriment ,.;' a 1-ath wa- taken out in a f -\ minute-. \.-!l ooki-d. Th" st"in", over whieh the water- of' tlii- -prin^ ilowd were found to ]> iii"rii-ted with white salt, and the water !/id a -aline ta-t- ; almut t!i" -prm_' were ro,-]^, -\.-nitie, por- ;>!i\rv, in Imad dike-, and -_'ii' i-- tilted on eil^i- ; tip re \\i-n* i'-o nianv -jieeitiii-n- o| halt-tormed pumie", \\;th L'r""ii--tone and lava. lii'l'-d it '\a-< \\ith e\-i-r-ni"rea-;n_' int'-ri -t and a-tini-linicnt t't.it ' ! i" t ravel I- r \-, md. p d over t hi- womh rt'nl region -. riehlv n I .-. d and -o - id , v n _-!' "I'd. 1 1" u a- -a f ;-:! d from his own \ p- ;! ;i"" v. it !i th" A t!-"-an- that a u !- poli m v \\ -u'd find th" ],..:.!" IP. o!.-fa<-!" t-. th.- oin-niiiL' of th" -insular t r- -t-uries i i * uli : "!i <>.-! had pu' jn-1 in-ar .'p-njli to the i-,.;i-t to In- i-a.-ilv j'.'ind !' tip vanjuard o|' i\ ili/at ion, and t!ir eipujjh toward STARTS FOR KILIMANi:. 2MI the heart of the continent to insure tin- benighted inhabiia.ii- the helpful influence of the enlightened strangers who mig!.; come after the. wealth. It was evident to him that those whose failure was inscrilwd everv where had only failed because they wen.- not true to th- obligations which they ought to have recognized ; if they did not, the inanifestlv selfish policy could no more expect the favor of the savages than the blessing of (Jod. He would not judge the Portuguese or the priests unkindly, but he was satisfied that neither captains nor priests could point to a satisfactory experi- ment in the country around Tete. And the ruins of fi>rt- and churches told the same story of the lolly of the strangers rather than the hopeless barbarism of the natives. When at last the time came in which it was thought prudent for Dr. Livingstone to go down to Kilimane, he found the generous commandant as thoughtful for his comfort on the journey as he had been assiduous in the attentions bestowed in his home. There was abundant provision made for a sale and pleasant sail down the noble river, and orders were issued that the traveller should be at no expense Ibr supplies. Full of gratitude to God and men, Livingstone entered the large strongh built canoe which had been provided for him, and sat down u; - der the pleasant canopy which had been thoughtfully supplied, and was pulled away from Tete on the 22d of April, l.S'xj. II had not forgotten his trusty followers ; onlv sixteen of them attended him to the sea, but he had made arrangements for them at Tete, bv which he was confident that they would be com- fortable until his return, if indeed (iod should spare him to continue his work in Africa. Just below the village, on the right bank of the river, he passed the ruins of the residences of the wealthy merchants, who had been so recently the victims of Ivisaka's groundless rage. At the confluence of the Luenva he had a view of Xyuttde's fortress, which had proven so formidable in the recent war-. It is onlv a strong stockade: il seemed, however, to be con- structed of living tree-, and could hardly be burned. It was 'trance to see a stockade menacing the whole commerce of the river in a situation where the guns of a vessel would have full play on it, but it is a formidable affair for those who have oi:!y 23*2 TIIK <;>K<;E OF I.TPATA. niu-ket-. On oin- (i"i-:i~i.n, when Nvaudr \V;H Attack oil Kv Ki-aka, tlii-v fought (i>r weeks ; ami though Nymide was rcnhuvil to eu!ti:i'_r up hi- (ij|KT aukli'ts !'>r Kail-, hi- enemies were not aKIe t" ent' r. T'i" _ r "i-_' of Lii|>:it:i \\as a point of oin-itlcnihlo intercut, and !>:. I/;vi'i_:-t'>Me -pent the niu'ht f the '_' illi n a small i.-land near it- ntranee ih:it IK- mi^lit a-rt-rtain it> latitude, \vhirli he f"!i:i.l to !.. lij .", 1' |J" >oiith. At thi- jMiint tin- /amlx-i I'liV'-rje- ijuitc -u Id'-nlv, and llo\v through a LT'T^f in a l"f:v r:i:i_ r <- -it' hilU \vllit-li cn>-- 1 - it at I'ijli! :i!i_ r !r- ; >u the \V'-tr -even hundred j',ct, hut on t'le e;t~t tile rail'_ r e i~ -IcipillLT aild eiiVel'ed \\illl tl'ee-. The I'lVef in the u r,,|-_r,. j< ;il,!it two huii'lre.l vard- wide, and da-hr- <|iiitt i njietnou-lv alojpj it- tortuous cliatind, and -weejs rapidlv :ii"M'id the litile iM-kv j)n>inonirie-. ( '!,;fu;- :l ;,.,,! Kan^omha, 1 nn;ii'_ r d:iii'_ r| 'r"U- \vliirljMMils and cddie-, and wiili'ii- a_ r iin to !..:!- in lr-adth, ctulrarin^r uianv Ix-antifnl i-!and- whirh \\cn- i !< tip- horne- ot' jirn-jMTon- [ilanter- and yii-ldrd va-t 'jiianti- t ie- .1}' 'J-IMIII. T!ie _ree[ed, ha- lieell f|\ed "II 1 >V t lie n:i' i ve~ a- the altnde nf peeiiliarlv I urhiilent deitif-, \vh<> an- -up- !!- 1 ?,, [ir-'-id-- nV'-r ill" peril. i;i- pla-e-, fir the ^, MM J ,,rthe i:i;nrv '.t' t!i -- who aUeinpt t- p:i--. liut whether then' are -Irir- ^o, >d or l>ad, eeriain it i- that the narn>w pa-- i- cwvupiitl I.-, oiH- direj'iil M-oiir^e : the t-et-e wait- there |i.r it- viet im-. l'',!'-;lian!- al- and ImfTal'..- tVi-ipient the -p, ,t. The e..im!rv MM i-iihi-r -Lie ..(' the river \ V;1 - in anvlhin-j hut a peaceful -tate; the -i.iithern -h-n-e had Keen ravairil iveeinlv K\- the ( 'ailVe-, h'-r- eal!-d I/Pide.-n- . .r Xn'ii-, and Ki-aka. \\\\ had no ]..%< f.r j],,. I', .r: T_'II -, \va- ravi_Mn:a!l the Ma-^.ui^a count rv mi the ..the,' -ide. ( >;i the 'jTth th" partv re-i 1 !i'-d ^nna. \\hi.-h \\a- f.und t" 1 >e in a e.niditiini ten lime- iii-ij-e lanientaKIe than '!'!; everv Kuilduij' in the villije \\a- in aK-ilnt* 1 rn;n. I'he [.audecii- v.-. MI th" !ialnt '.t vi-:t iii'_ r the v;!!a_ r " jii-rioiln-all'.' and \--\\ in^' li:i -in t!i" inhaKit in'-, a- t!i"\' eoti-id'Ti- 1 t!i" 1' ]; u^iie-.- a (iiii'iM. r- -I triKe, and the lialf-ea-ti--. wln in all th-- I '..rl u.:i: -" ,,,--, ..;,,,. ,-. ,n-t it ut" an IMI i' iriant ela--, -eein-d \-i \ in league SENNA AND SURROUNDINGS. !>;>;> While Dr. Livingstone WJLS there a partv of Ki-aka's jx-ople were ravaging the lino country on the opposite shore. They came down with the prisoners they had captured, and forthwith the half-castes of Senna went over to Imy slaves. EncouragM l>v this, Kisaka's pple came over into Senna fullv armed and beating their drums, and were received into the house of a native Portuguese. They had the village at their mercv, yet could have Keen driven off by half a doy.cn policemen. The com- mandant could only look on with hitter sorrow. He had soldiers, it is true, hut it NVJUS notorious that the native militia of hoth S>nna and Kilimane never think of standing to fight, but in- variably run away and leave their officers to be killed. The miserable state of this neglected post beggars description; the officers were none of them paid by the home government and are forced to engage in trade. The common soldiers had now and then received a little calico. It is lamentable that the door to one of the finest regions of the world should have fallen into the hands of a people who have done nothing more than hold it against the rest of the world for centuries. If instead of military establishments there had been civil ones, and emi- grants with their wives and plows and seeds, rather than mili- tary convicts \yith bugles and kettle-drums, eastern Africa might be to-day the rival of any spot on earth in all that makes a pleasant home on earth. The country around Senna was more interesting than the village ; nature was uncon tarn inated and afforded a pleasing re- lief for the thoughts. In the village the most gratifying sight of all was the negroes of Senhor Isidore building boats after the European model. These; negroes had been instructed in their work bv a European master, and had acquired such skill that they could go into the forest and get out the timber, lay tho keel, fit in the ribs, and fini-h up very neat boats which wouli briiit^ from :20 to I'lOf) apiece. This lilt Ic show of life was refreshing, in the midst of so much misery and ruin; for cer- tainly slavery and immoralitv had done their work in Senna. The European name was almost despised. The native wives <>t the white men were little better than slave-, and their children received none of the honorable regard which is granted them in Angola. Dr. Livingstone saw a son of the former governor <(' 234 ARRIVAL AT KII.IMANK. Tele a .-lave. In Senna then- i- neither prie-t nor school ; then* are the ruin- of ehuivhes ami o>nvent-. but -ueh ruins are u >o!ernn in.H-k'.-rv ot' the ignorantr and .-in wh"-e blight rot.s on It wa- the llth ot' May In-fore I >r. Livingstone continued his j uirnev. Fort v mile- belo\\ Senna he pa ed the confluence >f t!.- 1 Shire, uhi'-h we -hall have if .-{H-eial importamv until Ma/aro wa- naehed. At that point the delta liejin-. The /aml>e>i had no\\ heiv appeared more splendid, and the temptation was NVJ-V -tron^ to follow it down ti the --a ; hut Livingstone knew that it had l-en explored that far up bv aimtlr r in who-r -tate- iii' nt- he had confidence, and he theivil.iv fell that it wa- ln-tter tor him to follow the other brunch, although it \\'a- neee--arv to leave the l.at- and eaiio,-.. A -udden fever had -et in, a- it' determined to n-j the bank- ot' the Mntu. The fe\vr contiiiUi'd ra_ r iiiL r . and the large silling launeh whieh wa- put at hi- -erviee by Senor Ast'Vttlo, at In- terra, \sa- ti-lt to be trnlv a god-end. Tin- village of Kilimane \\a- reaehed "ii the 'J'Mh ot' Ma\. 1. sot!, and I >r. Li\ iiiL r -toiie a- reeei\e .i-kinj-, and br;ii_'::i/ all hi- dealing- u it h man to a u'lonou. LIVINGSTONES THEOHY. & consummation. Each nmn in his sphere, cither knowingly or unwittingly, is performing the will of our Father in heaven. Men of science, searching after hidden truths, which, when dis- covered, will, like the electric telegraph, hind men more closely together soldiers battling for the right aguinst tyranny- sailors rescuing the victims of oppression from the grasp of heartless men-stealers merchants teaching the nations lesson* of mutual dependence and many others, as well a.s mission- aries, all work in the same direction, and all etlbrts are over- ruled for one glorious end." His experience at Kolobeng had taught him that the most permanent results of missionary labor could be realized onlv bv bringing the people into such relations with other nations that a natural business interest would be felt in their improvement. He felt that to encourage Africans to cultivate their soil and gather their treasures for an honest market among Christian nations would most effectually open the way for the gospel. It .Vas his idea to have the missions of Africa enjoy the protection and fostering care of nations which might feel themselves in some sort interested materially in the elevation of the tribes. In the hope of this he had traversed the country from the Ca;>e to Loanda, and from Loanda across to the mouth of the Zam- besi, and had brought out assurances of inexhaustible resources, in the fertility of soil, the wealth of timber, an amazing amount of animal lii'e, with birds, fowls, fishes, etc. ; the profiL-ion of fruits, iron, coal, gold ; and all in the midst of people through whose villages he had passed unharmed ; who were wearv of their own unsettled condition and eager for the intercourse of' the white man. lie had suffered severelv in bodv, and had made sacrifice of' his fondest affections ; but he was rewarded by the hope that his labor would be effectual in engaging the atten- tion of mankind for Africa. T is beautiful to find thi.- noble man, forgetful of his sorrows and toils, recounting so happily the kindnesses he had received. lie was a man on whom the smallest attention was not lost. His humility and his independ- ence both forbade his making demands of his fellow-men, and all that they did for him was accounted kindness and received with gratitude. In all his discoveries he did not fail to note the discovery of "'a vast number of good people in the world." 23'> DKI'ARTfRE ON THK '' FlJOl.IC." Ami his heart wa.s full of devout thank- t<> the Gracious One \vho h:ievmcd a lon^ -i.\ week- that he wa- waiting at Kilimane. Hut at length the "1'Yolie" arrived. hrin<;ini* abundant supplies tor him and i!l">n to pav hi- pa-sa^e to Knj^land. The eight of hi- follower* who" had leen allowed to aei-ompanv their "father" to the ci-:i-t were ea_ r er to follow him -till. The order of Sckeletu t" them wa- that none of them ,-hould turn back until tln-v had ivaehed " Ma Kobcrt." The -imple re-oliition of the>e m,D. acrii-toiucd to ab-olute obe- dience, i-ould hardly Mihmit to the difltdiltv of ep.--in- the -ea. They onlv knew that ir/i // their "father" mi'_ r !it lead thev \,'ere to follow. Hut Living-tone prevaile*! on them to .^o back t 'I ete, where ti.od wa- lip-re abundant, ami auait hi- return f * them. He \s.i^ e. .11-1 rained, however, to allow the Sekwebu I i aeeoinpanv him. 'I hi- man had !>i-ii of -jivat -i rviec. and it \ri- hoped that it would l>e ix-ncficiu] to hi;n to be brought in <( ntaet \\ith thorough civilisation. And l-in_r ;1 || 1:iri ,,)' r ,._ markable intelli^, .;,,.,._ Jt eoiild hardlv liiil to IK- of 'jr. at .-< r\ ice to have him return filled with re-peet and !o\e for th" Kirjli-h and a-piration, fir a nobler life ; hut how -adlv the hope of the ini--ioii:irv wi-re di-apj)ointer. Li\-in^-'oin-. and commi--ionetoi'ed it a!! at Kilimar.e, thai IP mijli! not be t boii- ht to have made , ,]' '.\ it h Se],, letn'- pri>perly . and deii-r- ii.iied to pnp-ha-e th-- arti-'l'- b- bad opI-P-d \\ilii hi- o\\ n mean-, it he -boiil. 1 p t urn a- h- \ |" ! d. Tie \- lej't K ilim HI" i'ii tie- moniin.: of .Julv I'J'b. The -en wa- in a ra_'e. and t !i- little boa'- v, . re to--e. I like -t ra- on t be m._'h?V \\a\'e-. ( )||. |l|o!'|i|l' ibiV \\ep t ' Illbhlr.' oil -otll" 1 U.f'V efe-t. tin I) ril-bill_' do-\ || 'b -|o],e th- II' \t Illoln, lit, wrpt over them, making even the stout hearts of old seamen tremble. The exjK'rienee of the sea was new to Sek- wehu, and he looked at his friend and inquired anxiously, " Is this the wav you go? is this the way you go? " The smile of Livingstone eneournged him and quieted his fears. At the. ship'-; side the landsmen had to be lifted in as ladies usually tire. Hut once on board thev were at home. The hearty English welcome filled the soul of Dr. Livingstone with inex- pressible gladness. But he had almost lost command of his native tongue. Sekwelw became a great favorite with all on board. But the poor fellow was perplexed ; there was too great a strain on his untutored mind. When he had picked up a little English, he would frequently say to his " father " : " Your countrymen are very agreeable; but what a strange country is this all water together ! " Before they reached Mauritius the faithful man became insane and cast himself into the sea, and could never be found afterward. After a delay of two months at Mauritius for the recovery of his health, Livingstone reached the shores of his "dear old England " on the 12th of De- cember. Who shall follow him and violate with curious gaze the sacred ness of the joyful meeting with his wife and children, and tell how fondly he clasped an aged mother in his manly arms, and how she thanked God that her " boy " was back again? And who shall interview the memories which crowded about him as he walked by the banks of the Clyde? It is our business, though, that all England irave him wel- come ; that the news of his return was hailed with gratitude bv thousands who had followed him with their pravers. Men of science, statesmen and Christians, cheri-hing each their different interests, accounted him their friend and helper. The church and government and societies vied with each other in doing him honor. lie was concerned onlv that societies and government and church should love his work and lend it their support. OH A IT Kit XIII. AT HMK. Mf-t:n/ "i> .I.-iriu.irT .~ih - I'.^yj.tiau Hill ^I'l.-U'li'l A--!ut>!y SjKfoh of I^>rd M.i\..r >|-.-.-h !' !'.>h..|. .!" I..-ii<|..ii S|~-.-.-h .(" Mr K -I. -rirk M ur.-liis..u J.iviiu'.'.-.in-'t I-:<-|H.||S<- l:.-...luti"ii >ul -rii'li-'!! Tniv.-N in lin-himJ - I'uKlii- l!!itliii>iiisiii I'uMir M.-<-tiu.: in M.in. -!i.-~i- r K-- .iuti"ii> 1'uMio M..;::i,':it I.---i- A 1 !r. in I K.-<- Inn -us ( ,. -u. -r..u- I:i\ .iir\ ..f '( 'iii.-s ami l:i..titi!ti..iis Pn-.'!iU!i..ii ..(' i In- I'r. -.-I.. in -t 1. :,! n ! l.i\ ii^'-t..n- I>itiu- U'uiti'-'l l'fr~'ii.i,'-s ( ' iiij.Iiiai nl.iry A'l'ir<-><-> 1 r. n. .!.!. u- Ai'pliiUM 1 A IU .lutif'i! < :i>k--; IIII|>--MII,' i ri-:n..i.\ 1'. -'k-\\ r:!iu^ I >:!)i.-;iliii- Mir- jiri-<-'l liy t!u- A |'|"-ar:ui'-<- -I' .1 |{-.^ii- !'. .k Kx|i!.tiiiili<>n Aiiii"iiii<->-iii<-!i( nf }>r. Liviiu-.tMUc 1 . H-'k Tw.t.li.-lh TI...IJ-.III I :a MX \V,-.k IV.- t ,- ..::! l:\tr.trt Ir-.iu !h.- I..,n.l.,n ! i-l'i'nf th:it I >.i!. I ll. .;..(" t!,,- I'-.-k l:.'.-r.--t in ('..iiiin.-ri-i.il !'r> -( -...! Al>..;i Ii:tr.-t iii M.^-I-US A.-:i..n i.f M :si"i,:irv >.-;.-u.-- Ii:\ :: ili.ni^ to ' > \l-r.l .i:i.| < ;iiiiKri.i_'.- < ir:in-l A ^^niSlv a: < .unlir:-!,-.- -'Ih.- ll.-.-. j.I ;.-u .[' I.i\ i:i_--!..;i.-, Ai-.-..r.l.u^ 1. J'r >:">. r >.-.i^- i.i.-k. l:.-.-.-|.ii-..'i "I" \\.ir \'.:.r.ui- ' ! "< !i.uir.-ll..r~ < >I tin- l^iu-.-n N..M- I T-- 11- ,irt\ tli. in tli.it "I" I.i\ ill^st.ilir. Til i: jm -iir.' nl' I>r. I ,i\ inu r -!"ii<- in Kn^hiiul ilt-fprin-d tli. int r--t in tin- '_ r iv:it cnti-r|iri-f wliicii had rnuapil hi- heart -> tull\', and in mniiiftiiii] uith \\hii-li In- had cnnniiaiidcd the n-- s|"-<-t nt'thf imhli-'t and ui"-t intelligent nirn ><\' ihi- land. Flu 1 L r r'-at<--: n-|H<-t \\ a- paid him in |>niilie and pn\'at<'. < >n tlii- "dh \ .lannarv a lai'L r ' - :ind -pl'-ndid a--i-ml>!v lilhtl tin- L r rand I'.JN jit i:tn Hall in tin- .M:iii-i<'ii Il"ii-i-. \\hi ii i:''ant-d liv thi- LI 'rd Ma\<>r "t I/i'iidmi lur tin |iiii-jii-t- ><\ ]iri -nt in j a t'-! inii>nial ti> 1 >r. Living-tune t'-r tin -i-rvire rni- d'l-'d 1>\ him In i-Mtn ini-rcr. -r|.|).-. and <-l\ lli/at \u, !>v hl> d:-'-iViri'- in ^.iilih AlVii-l. 'I In- I. "id M.L\II|- |H'i -idi-d. and i Mii-iH' ii"U- in tin- a--'iiiMv \\i|-i- thi- lii-h'iji "I Lndiiii, the 1 1.- 1 ,' .|> ; \ i ' r:a, varinil- tin ml" r- "t 1 Vir! iam> n! . d i-t ;n-jii!-hi d f i i'. ',} i- a:.d in- ii "1 -.-I'D. . 1 >r. Li \ i M_-:. Hi.- \\a- n-i-i ivi-l v, ;' (i _'!'. i! ' lit hll-ia-lil. lip L"! d M .1 '. ' n' - ') -li- d ! In- m- -U n^ \\ itii a !;:' ! -|M . .-h, in u hii-h h-- " vent IIP -d t" a-- rt t hat t he !:i"-t _'I a' it\ i !l _' i-\i-||t iiliMt i-t'-'l \'.i'll Is.- Ill.lV.ir lit V \\.1-. that I:.-- llr-t ni'-'-tin^ in tip- hail \\ a- t'-r th-- |>ui'j <>!' j-.i\ inj a RECEPTION IN LONUON. 230 national tribute of admiration and prai>e to Dr. Livingstone, the great traveller in South Africa. His derided committal of himself and the English people to the great work of Airiciin exploration, and the uiKjualitied expressions of sympathy with the great and self-saerifieing man whom they now claimed a> thcir guest," were most heartily indorsed \>y the cheers and vollevs of applause which hailed almost every sentence, and only subsided in ix>peet for the distinguished Bishop of London, who was next introduced. The bishop assured the audience that he accounted it a great privilege to be permitted to meet together in the greatest metropolis of the world, to express thanks to Divine Providence lor allowing Dr. Livingstone to be brought back in safety from the perils which he- had undergone, and thi' meeting he trusted would be permitted to hope, that when he was about to return to that country, where his heart was devoted to the service of the Lord, the same providence would continue to protect him. It was, indeed, most gratifying to meet here to express an opinion of what Dr. Livingstone had done. It was most gratifying to find that civilization, the spirit of commercial enterprise, and the missionary cause should go hand in hand : in the person of Dr. Livingstone they had all these three united. There was a lesson for themselves in this great man, which probably those whom he addressed would not be slow to applv : that thev ought never to separate common secular pursuits from those thai worked the glory of God. "A few years ago it was said that the age of heroi.-tn was passed ; but the lie had been given to that by the brilliant instances which had recent Iv occurred. And whilst thev celebrated those eases at home, it was gratifying to find that in far-distant fields, uncheered bv applause, this man whom thev met to honor car- ried on his heroic enterprise, deserving and commanding the praise of his countrvmcn more than others to whom they had been ready to award it." Several other distinguished gentlemen addressed the audience, among whom was that generous and devoted friend of' Dr. Livingstone, Sir Roderick Murchison, the learned devote.' of geographical science and president of' the Royal Geographical Societv. Dr. Livingstone found great difficulty in responding to these cordial and congratulatory speeches; his tongue had i.jO COMMKNDATOUY RESOLUTIONS. IH.VII loir.; accustomed to other dialects ; the language of Africa lunl become more familiar than that of his mother. He could little more than thank the assembly for the honor and sympathy which In- received, and promise them tin: opportunity of read- ing at their lei-ure aeeoiints of his wanderings in the benighted land which had excited .-o much eurio-itv and enlisted -o deep an intere-t. And among the interesting notices of the meeting, which mav be found in the papers of the day, were the following re>ol ut ions offered lv the Bishop of London and Sir Roderick Murchi-oii, and mo>t enthusiastically carried: " 1 \i\- meeting, consisting of merchants, banker- and other-, eiti/en- lit' London, herebv p re-en i lh\ Livingstone their -inn-re (iingratiilations on the -ignal <-arc and protivtion !' I>ivine I'rovidenet' vouchsafe 1 to him throughout hi- prolongel and jit-ril"ii> labor- in exploring the interior of ^ the gratitVinir aviintnee that the important di-ciiverie- of l>r. Living-tone will tend hen-after t ad\'anee the intere-t- of civili/^ition, knowletlge, commerce, freed "in and religion among the numi-roii- trilw-- and nation- .!' that va-t continent." The resolution of Sir Roderick Mun'hison W;L- .hanieteri-tie ftlie man who-c i;enero-itv \va- the handmaid of' hi- greatne--, and who-c -eii-r ot ju-t ice wa> e-r \*\'. Livin^tum-. \'ari"ii- c..mmuni- tie- ( |'--:r--d t" hoii'ir him, and he c..uM n<>t refn-e jli,-Jr invita- ti-.n-, -o e.ui'lid and complimentary, i!' If had ip-t e,,n-i,l, r ,-,\ very -neh o.ra-i^n a 'j"M--n "p|>< ( i"t unit v I'-r impi - e--in^ the treinendou- - -on-e.jU' IP e- (.(' African exploration and i \'aiiL'eli/.a- MAXriIKSTKK MKKTl.M;. 241 tion on the minds of his (el low-country men. Thoroughly iin- presM'd with the conviction that the true system of cvaiiL r <-li/:i- tion in such a country should not despise the humbler a^em-ie- which seek only the narrower aims of the present existence, it was his constant endeavor to awaken and deepen the interest of his countryman in the commercial offerings of Africa. The diligence and enthusiasm with which he was all the time striv- ing to cnl ieonle before whom he appeared concerniii" noil II O the agricultural and mineral r sources of the wild continent is explained, not by the deeper interest which he tell in such matters, but the eagerness with which he sought to bridle the mightv energies of human interest into the service of Christian missions. Xor was he unsuccessful ; all Kngland became arou.-ed ; there were meetings in all quarters, eager to hear at his lips accounts of the wonderful possibilities which lav connaled in the l'ore.-ts which he had so heroically penetrated and passed through from sea. to sea. The members of the Chamber of ( 'oiuinense of his noble exertions for the extension of knowledge, as well as his self-devotion in again seeking to visit those hitherto un- explored countries with a view to their eivili/ation by the aid- of Christianity and commerce; that, feeling a deep inT<-re-t in the self-denying labors of Dr. Livingstone, this meeting earne.-tlv requests her Majesty's government will place at his disposal a steamboat duly appointed and capable of ascending the navig- able portion of the Znmbesi, with such further accommodation in boats and otherwise as may be deemed sufficient tor the ex- ploration of ite tributaries, and for obtaining and retaining 2-12 MEETING AT LEEDS. friendlv relations with the natives of that interesting region. And the pnblie bodie- now assembled pledge themselves to use their utmost exertion- tor the promotion of these objects ; that this meeting desire to impress on her Majesty's government their earnest de-ire that the aid of the Portugm--e government should be esjKviallv requested towards facilitating, in everv jMs>ible manner, the further researches of Dr. Livingstone in the interior of Africa, and more osjM'cially in the districts surrounding the rivi-r /anihe-i ami its tributaries; that a Mib-committee of the following gentlemen, beini; the chairmen of the public bodits here assemble! 1, be empowered and requested to carrv out the n-olutiou of tin- meeting, with j>ower to add to their numlxT : Mr. John Ch.-etham, M. P., Mr. .1. A. Turner. M. P.. and Mr. 'I homas !>a-lev. Shortlv after the meeting in Manchester, I>r. Livingstone wa called on to address an a-j-jre-jat* 1 meeting of the Le-d-, Brad- ford and Halit'ax Chambers of Commerce, in the Lee,!- Sti.e!< Kxehange. The meeting received him with great iv-p.i-t, and added th'-ir voice t > the resolution- pa e- port of the explorer. The .-perch, in which Lord (loderieh re-|.ond'-d to the call, was a.- cordial and llatteriiiLT a- could \>f de-ired. In the coiir-e ot' it, he -aid : " \\ hen we con-ider tin va-t industries in Knglaml which are altogether dc[H-nr. Li vi TILT- t one's di-rovcries are (>f the Create- 1 polit ii-il intere-t to the cotmtrv '.' \\ e oii_ r ht to have the mean- of drawing our -Upplps- of cotton tVoiu variou- -oup-i-- ; we -hoiild ! a- iparlv inlependenl "f 1 il , -j r- -I i in -t:i if. - a- po--ib!e. fl.r the-- l'"-al eirciim-taiice- nn_'ht afl'-.-t, at anv_dav, both the -om-ei,- :md ex- tent oj the -upplv." I'.ut hi- lord-hip would not ! undei-t 1 a- adv'-- at j n _r th,. view- of I >i\ Li vin_ r -tone and -ii-taiiiin_- hi- ni'i-pr;- -o!i!v on commercial groiiml- : he enter,,) nio-t lii-artilv i;,?o tho-c higher motive- \vhii-li actuated th- hero mi-- i /at ion an 1 < 'liri-tianilv in!" - di-fant r- -_'ion-." ^MC!I \\a- tic- jut. [-,-( \vhieh, -pn-ading iM'Vond all in:--;onary FREEDOM OF I.OKDOX. J} 5 noeieties and cm*! lines, was preparing the English people t> adopt as their honored and trusted agent the man \vhn, nnd< r all circumstances, avowed his absolute consecration to the con- version of Af'riea to Christ, which \vas ripening the ivipie-t in the heart of the nation that the elinreh would suffer their in:-- sionarv explorer to heeoine an cxj)lorer missionary. Such was the interest which caused a hearty rivalry between city authori- ties and commercial unions and scientific societies in bestowing on this humble, earnest, consecrated man th"ir highest honors. Various cities presented him the freedom of their corporations The ceremony of this attention in London was peciiliarlv im- posing. " On the 21st of May," says the l/fiuttrtttcd London A^rx, "the Court of Common Council presented an unusually gay appearance in consequence of the attendance of a number of ladies to witness the ceremonv of presenting J)r. Livingstone the 'freedom of the eitv,' as a testimonial of his xeal and per- severing exertions in the important discoveries which he has made in Africa. Dr. Livingstone was introduced amid great applause by Mr. J. K. Sannders and Alderman Ko-e, the mover and seconder of the resolution ; and, after the declaration of freedom was read, was addressed by Sir John Kev, Bart., the Chamberlain, in a highly eulogistic speech, in which were fnllv detailed the difficulties overcome, and the benefits to science and art achieved bv his indomitable xeal. Dr. Living-tone's addtv-s in replv was vehemently cheered ; and, after receivin'_r the con- gratulations of the Lord Mayor and the principal members of the corporation, and of the lady mayoress and several ladies, lie retired amid great applause." This testimonial of the eitv government wa- presented in a beautifullv-ornamented casket, designed and manufactured bv the best skill. The box itself' wa- of African oak. with repre- sentations of miniature palm trees in frosted silver at each Corner. On each of the four side-; there wa< a silver plate. On that in front was engraved the resolution of the court ; that at the back represented an African scene, with the doctor exploring a river, and at the ends \vere science and commerce in hold relief science surrounded bv a globe, compass and telescope; commerce by coal pits, shafts, etc. The lid was surmounted by a group of figures an European holding the hand of friendship 241 Tin: VKXATiors HK. to an .vfriran u:nh r a palm tree. Sueh a de-ign, so highly eharaeteri-t ie, executed hv the nio-t eX'piiMte -kill, was a Ix-au- tiful e\pre>-i'>n "f the appreciation whieh \\a- as thoughtful a* it was ard. nt. Sueh an expression of regard ami appreciation mi tin- part if tin- ili'jtiitarics in _ r ht have turned tlu> head nf a ! -- earne-t man; l>iit I >r. I.i in the jn-at u'ork to whieh In- I'-'.t that willin^lv devoted him-' It'. Amon^ the maiiv en.ra'..'. tii'-nt- which iiMed hi~ tini-, n >i the }<-.i-[ important <-r !al"'ri"!i* !>v far \va> the pn-paration nf hi- voiiuninous ar- ('iiint of hi- .-ixteeu \ear- in S.nitli Afriea. Those who have never undertaken the making of a 1 ..... k have vet to learn the A 1> < ' of -vmpathv ii-r thcist.' who funtrilmic >o imjiortant a part i'f our happinc>s. A V"lnme of -ev 11 huudretl elo>e]y. printed pa_ r e-, made up lai'LTelv fro in memoranda \\ritteii years Iw-fore, in the mid-t of' t-VtT^'liangin^ >er||e< -- Written, ti'. Milder the ^reat di-advanta^e ot' having ;_ r ro\vn unu-ed t" lii- nalivp ton_ r iii \\a- it~elf a! iimdant txi-iipatinn fin' a r<#f iji'ttr. The work -ei'iii'-d to ppi'/re-s verv >l"\\l\- ; >e\- ( ral tini'- the active man \\lio e.dild perform n!>le deed- more rapidlv than he emild reeMimt thein, and ei.nld >nH'mt ot ahandonin^ the luMik that he mijht ha-ten \ the .-erne if fre-h lahor.- and lieu ad- Venture-. It i- hardlv -nrpri-in^ that he exhihited rather unii-nal annovaiur when, Yerv um-xpccutllv one line autumn morning', hi- eve read the advert i.-ciurnt o|' the " Travel- o!' I>:iv:d Living-tone in Snuth Al'riea." lv an auth"r unknown t of the -t.irv \\ a- -till Lfr-'.-Min-j over th-- un- fllli-ll'd ehapter- '.fill- hunk. The -.-\-e|'itV "f the de!'>r llp"ll t!ii- auih"i- and "ii th'- jtulili-h'T* a- \\ell \\a- li'arful ; hut, like wa- pi'i par: n j an a'-e. i-int "f hi- \\ n ad vent in - and di-en \-erii-, th'-v thi'.v, av.av tlnir lain. r and ih-' iii"ii''\' th'-v had .A|. ..,]., entirelv, and th>' pulilie ap]'ti[i- wa- 1'iilv . h. tt.d !iv th. in. id- -nt l'-r the r-'-al \\.-rk .(' I >r. I.ivimr- -t"ii'', v.hi'h \'.a- anii"!i!i' ! alfiil the 1-t ..; Sejt4'iul>er, I s '>7, lid an ad\'i :'t 1-ennnt in th'- N"VejulxT fo! "'.\mg mentioneect, since there are so many people in the world whose .-in^le aptitude is for slaughter, :uid whose solitary It- light consists in viewing the mutilation of productions whi !. tlicv despise because thev are incapable of appreciating them. The leading journals of England and America made haste to furnish their readers with verv extended reviews, which wei" made up largely of lengthy quotations concerning the cu.-toms of the people and the features of the country which the writer had so vividlv depicted. The London J,i suddenlv brought to view. Nor was the Christian community behind the commercial. The London Missionary Societv manifested their confidence in the judgment of Livingstone bv arranginj; for mission stations .' ? * with the Makololo and the Matebele. It was with deep regret, too, that they relinquished from their service the man who was po peculiarly fitted to head such enterprises ; but they felt that a more extended field demanded his services. It was not for him to confine his attention to a single tribe or a circumscribed territory. God seemed to have laid it upon him to be the 15 24<> RETKPTION AT r.VMHRIlHJK. pioneer of hi- truth throughout the length and breadth of the land. lic-ide- the action of the London Missionary Society, t ho Fre- < 'hup h of Scot lam) sent out the Kev. .lame* Stewart to re|M>rt on the practicability of ettniiiirp< m_ r mi>sionarv o|>eration.s in tin- m u 1\ -explored territorv. The ^reat I'niversities of < )xt'rd and ( 'ainbndijc sent lor him, and in tho-e j^lad t" appear with theavowrd " purpo-e (it' striving t awaken a det-jM-r inter---! in ('hristian mi. ion- to the heathen ; and In- -p"!>e with the authority of the 'jivate-t of modern travellers ai'in_ r linn, and in the places where a nii"inarv spirit ou^ht to prevail pre-eininentlv." And i: i- a nl>!e p-eord ol' th"-,- ancient and honorable in-titu- tion-. that in their reception of the man and hi- m ---a^ 1 ' thev " pnvel thein-elve-. a- e\er U-lon-, ready to reeojni/.e merit, advance -eicnce, enemira^e plulanthropv and promote religion." "At ( 'ain!>rid'/e partieniarlv, -a\ - a coniempo|-;ir\ . " the Mvne i:i t he Senate Hmi-e wa- worthv of the mo-t ^ rap hie |>aint 111^' ot' pen or p'-m-il. There \\a- a -"leinn maje-tv a!"iit it \\hieh all el.-vation and culture came -uddcidy into contact with the mL'htv ipi'-tion- "t" At'ri'-an d-'_'radat i"ii and pp-jre . M\- treaie- had m--t. At'rica \\a- appealing 1>\ the mouth of' her wann-lieartcil ad\ocatc MI on-- of the ^reate-t centre- o( ci\-;li- /ation and evan_ r l;/.a;ioii in the world, for help in ln-r fechle- II'--. li_ r ht in ln-r darkiie ., truth wherewith to hattle her own error, and redre a_'am-t her cruel \\ roiiL r - of centuries." T.I" period "i' the doctor'- vi-it to ( 'amliridp- \\:u- \vrv oppor- tune. 1 he academic hodv, and e>piviallv the i-hief authorities, \\.-I-e Ml re-ld"ll'-e, aii'l a Ml " 1 1 _r the d i - t i II L r U i - ll' 'd lll'-ll \\llo paid hi;u 111 trued attention- Wefe I >r. \\he\\ell, Ma-l'-r "(' Irinitv <'"!!"_' : I'r"!' --"! S- -d-\\ j.-k, the A-troiiomer l!"\a!; IVofe or S-l.v.ii; and 1 >r. I'.ate-ou, Ma-t--r "f St. .lohn'- ('..lle.je. A few paragraph- \ a Niter t.\- I'rot'e r Sed-j \\ICK a!oiit that time, I r p'T '. i'"iti'n, euiiiot tad t" MI!- r.-' \> r\ on-- s\ho |-.-ad- 'hi- IMMI'V. " In the !on_' |ie;-:..d ot' ni\ academic liti-" he -av-, '' I ll.'lVe I .. , 1 1 m 111', t Mil' - | '!' -e||l Mi o[|;- v -. lia'" I ! "I I -c oil ocea-|o||- of |- f. I ill e\c :'.:,!' lit . I he t e ', a III " ! I _" t U- \\ ho feluemln 1" t lie rai'l v \ ' ar- ' '.' : h :- ceiiiur\- e:iti:ini n ,-\ (!:-__'.; r he i hoii-jhl- \\ Inch lill'-d th" national leal', ii' m-: u ith tear, at I'-a-t uith -offo\v niKTixnri.su KD \VKI.d alone, with all the great powers of Ktirope combined again-t lier. lint a brighter season followed. Kurope regained it- fm-dom from military domination ; and Kngland, with her in- stitutions safe and her soil inviolate, seemed to stand on a pin- naele of glorv. A gain 'and again have I -ecu those good, stout- hearted men who, tinder God, had helped to work out the deliverance of Kurope from military servitude, greeted in the Senate House with our loudest acclamations. I have been present at four installation festivals, when we met to do honor to the good men whom bv our votes we had plaeed at the he; d of the I 'uiversity. All these were occasions of honest and great excitement. The last of' them was graced and honored bv th presence of our sovereign. To her was due the first homage of \!ie University, and it was given by us not grudgingly, but Tvith a lovaltv that carried us almost bevond ourselves, and drew from us the most fervent gratulations that affectionate and grateful subjects are permitted to exhibit in the presence of their sovereign. Xor did we, during that season of lovaltv, forget our voiithful chancellor, or abate one jot of the honor due him. We greeted him as one placed bv our free choice in the hiirhe-t ollice of the I'niversitv; as the consort of our queen; a- the fit her of the future sovereign of Kngland ; and as a man well trained in academic learning, to whose wisdom we mi^ht look ibr counsel in anv times of difficulty, and to whose eloquence and influence we might look for protection in an hour of danger. All of these were grand occasions ; but on none of them," con- tinues the enthusiastic professor, "were the gratulations of the T'niversitv more honest and true-hearted than those offered to l>r. Livingstone. He stood before them a plain, single-minded, cheerful man. and addressed that learned a cinbly in unadorned and simple words ; telling them simple facts, which, although some present had read his book, had all the power of freshness still. There was nothing of' self-glorving. More than once he exclaimed in the mid-t of hi< add:v--es * I have made no sacrifice; I have only done niv dutv.' Providence had guided him; he had only obeyed impulse- which he could not have 24> CHRISTIAN" BROTH ER. Ix-en happy in suppressing. He was cherished and honored as a ( 'hri~tian brother." It inriv not IM- out of place to introduce here one of those addrt-v-^ which held a senate of scholars in profound attention. It contain* tor us as it contained lor nianv in the audience to whom it was s|x>ken, much that we have read ; but it may serve to illustrate the man; at least, mav be appreciated as a pleasant memento of him, and as connected with an occasion wh<>-e influence will l>e felt manv vears to come. We will, therefore, dedicate a chapter to this a CHAPTER XIV. LECTURE BEFORE CAMBRIDGE UNIVERSITY. [Delivered he fore the University of Cambridge, in tlie Senate-House, on Fridar, Decemher -I, lv">7. I>r. Philpott, Master of St. Catharine's College, Vice- Chanceilor, in the chair. The hiiildin^ wa.s crowded to excess with all ranks of the University and their friends. The reception was so enthusiastic that literally there were volley after volley of cheers. The Vice-Chancellor intro- duced Dr. Livingstone t<> the meeting, who spoke nearly as follows :] \\ HEN I went to Africa about seventeen years ago I re- solved to acquire an accurate knowledge of the native tongues ; and its I continued, while there, to speak generally in the African languages, the result is that I am not now very fluent in inv own ; but if you will excuse inv imperfections under that head, I will endeavor to give you as clear an idea of Africa as I can. If you look at the map of Africa vou will discover the shortness of the coast-line, which is in consequence of the absence of' deep indentations of the sea. This is one reason why the interior of Africa has remained so long unknown to the rest of the world. Another reason is the un health mess of the coast, which seems to have reacted upon the disposition of the people, for thev are verv unkindly, and opposed to Europeans passing through their country. In the southern part of Africa lies the great Kalahari desert, not so called as being a mere sandv plain, devoid of vege- tation : such a doert I never saw until I got between Sue/ and Cairo. Kalahari is called a desert because it contains no streams, and water is obtained onlv from deep wells. The reason whv so little rain falls on this extensive plain is, because the winds pre- vailing over the greater part of the interior countrv are easterly, with a little southing. The moisture taken up bv the atmos- phere from the Indian ocean is deposited on the eastern hillv slope ; and when the moving mass of air reaches its greatest elevation, it is then on the veruv of the great valley, or, as in the case of the Kalahari,, the ^reat heated inland plains there meeting l!49 J. RMN-MAKINt;. with the rarcfitil air of that hot, drv -urface, the ascending heat give- it greater eajujeitv tor retaining all it- remaining humulitv, and few -howers can !* given to the middle and western lands in cou-cijiieiicc of the incrca-cil hygrornetric jiowcr. The jn-ojilo living there, not knowing the jthv-ical rca.-on- whv thev have so little rain, are in the haliit of' >einlin^ to the mountain- on tin- ca.-t for rain-maker-, in who-e ji"\\ T of making rain they have a firm lielief. Thev sav the j..-ojil,- in thc-e mountains have jili-ntv of rain, and therefore mu-t jto--e-s a mitlieine. tor making it. This faith in rain-making i- a remarkable feature in the jMMjih- iii the conntrv, and thev have a <_ r ""re to -av than that. I he common argument known to all tho-c tnl>.-- i- tint " ( Jod love- \oii \\hite m.n Itettcrthan u- : he made voii tir-t, and ili'l not make n- pivttv like voii : he made u- afterwards, and do< - ii.>t love u- a- he 1 "\'< - voii. lie 'jave von clothing, and hor-i-- and wa^oii-. and ::un- and powder, and that lioitk, wh;c!i NOII an- alwav- talking alioiit. !! '_ r ave u- onlv t \\ o tiling- -cattle and a knowledge of c. rtam ineilic-ines !>N' winch we .-an make rain. \\ < do not de-jti-c the tiling- that N -..11 have ; \\ i- onlv wi-h t hat \\ e had them too ; we do not di~-pi-e t hat 1 *> >ok o}' voiir-. although ue do not under-tand it : - NOII oiiLrhl i:ot to d.-jii-e oiir knowli-dge of rain-making, al;lioti_di vmi do not lindi-r-tand it." Yn cannot <-onN-incc them that th-'V IKIN-.' no j> I'.vi-r to ma'.e rain. A- it i- \\-ith th-- homo-ojiathi-t. -o ii is w :r h ' li- ram maker voii mi_ r lit ar^ip- N . >iir ton^H-' out of join I .i:i< ! ". "iiid convince ii' it h--r. ;-'. - v oj- t.- |,urjto-.- ,, ;, i, ,., ^ t-- c religion, and -'-ttl.-d \\itli th- fi!>.'- on tin Ifirder ..!' th.- K'alahai i d. -. rt. The-,, triln- \\.-rv rho ftl,, r,ak\\a;:i-, l',M-!,m.-n and I '.akalahari. S- !,- !. i - I h- .t,i,-f , ,f ti.i- {ormer. < >n tin- oc,-a-ioii ! lip- fir-! p-li-.-ioii- ---rN i---- !i. !d. h-- a-k'd Hi'- it h-- c..u!d JHI! -nine .ji|c-ti"ii- on th' v -iiM.'ct of THK Kl'TI-'UE HTATK. 2- r >l Christianity, since such was tin; custom of their country \\ IK-II any new subjy all means." He then inquired " If my forefathers knew of a future judgment?" I said, " Yes;" and begun to descrilw tin wene of the great white throne, and HIM who should sit on it, from whose face the heavens shall flee away, and !>< no morv seen ; interrupting, he said, " You startle me, these words make all mv hones to shake, I have no more strength in me. You have been talking alout a future jud , r m 'lit, and manv terrible things of which we know nothing," repeating, '' I >id your fore- fathers know of these things?" I again replied in the ailirma- tive. The chief said, " All mv forefathers have parsed awav into darkness, without knowing anything of what wa-; to befall them ; how is it that your forefathers, knowing all these things, did not send word to my forefathers sooner?" This was rather i\ poser; but I explained the geographical difficulties, and >aid it was only after we hud begun to send the knowledge of Christ to Cape Colony and other parts of the country, to which we had access, that we came to them; that it was their duty to receive what Europeans had now obtained the power to offer them ; and that the time would come when the whole world would re- ceive the knowledge of Christ, because Christ had promised that all the earth should be covered with a knowledge of lum-elf. The chief pointed to the Kalahari desert, and said, " Will you ever get bcvond that with your gospel ? \\ e. who are more ac- customed to thirst than volt are, cannot cross that desert ; how can you?" I stated my belief in the promise of Christ ; and in a few years afterwards that chief was the man who enabled me to cross that desert ; and not only so, but he himself preached the gospel to tribes beyond it. In some vears more rain than usual falls in the desert, and then there is a large crop of water-melons. When this occurred the desert might be crossed: in 1S-V2, a gentleman crossed it, and his oxen existed on the fluid contained in the melon- for twenty-two davs. In crossing the desert different sorts of count n are met with ; up to twentieth south latitude there i- a compa- ratively drv and arid eountrv, and vou might travel lor lour days, as I have done, without a single drop of water tor tho oxen. Water for the travellers themselves was alwavs curried 2.V2 OBJKiT IX VISITING THK INTERIOR. ::; the wagon-, the usual mole of travelling south of the twentieth degree of latitude being by ox-wagon. For tour i!uv>, ujHMi several occasions, we hail not a drop of water for the i.xen : but beyond twentieth south latitude, going to the north, we travelled to Loanda, one thousand live Imndred miles, with- mu carrying water for a single dav. The eountrv in the southern part of Africa is a kind of oblong b;i-in, stretching north and south, Ixmndod on all sides \>y old schist rocks. The waters of this central basin find an exit through a fissure into the river /aiuix-si, flowing to the east, the basin itself being covered with a layer of calcareous tufa. M\ object in going into the country south ;>f the desert was to insmiet the natives in a knowledge of Christianity, but many circuni.taneeri prevented mv living amongst them more than -even y.Mr-i, amount which were considerations ari-ing out of the slave svstem carried on bv the l>uteh Boer-. I resolved to p> into I\HJ eountrv U-vond, and soon found that, tr the pur- noses of coi.itnenv, it was neeo.-arv to have a path to the >ea. I mi'^ht hav<- rone on instructing the native-, in religion, but as civili/.atiun u.xl Christianity niu-t ^n on together, 1 wa> ob- li^el to tind a path to the -ea, in order that I -huiild not >ink to the level ot ,!)' native-. The chief was overjoyed at the.-ug- "e-tion, and furnished me with twentv-.-even men. and canoes i* and provi-ion-, and pre-ent- top the tribe> through \\lio-e country w had to pa . \N'e mi'_ r ht have taken a shorter path to the sea than that to the north, and th n to the weM, by which we went ; but aloiiir the countrv bv the shorter route there i- an insert called the t-ct-r \\lio~e bite i-- final 1o lior-e-, o\en, and dt'^s, but not to men or donkevs. ^':iu ^eem to think there i- a eiinneeti<.n Ix-tween the t \\ o. Tip- habitat of thai in-eet i- along the -horter route to the -ea. The bite of it i- t'at a 1 to dome-tic animal-, not immediately, but r-ertainly in the coiir>e ol two or tin-- month- ; the animal ^row- lean, rand leaner, and gradually di<-- ot' emaciation : a hor-e belong in 1 / to (iordon ( 'um in ing died of' a bill- liv' or -i\ month- after it wa< bitten. ( )n aer'oiint of t!ii~ in-'cf, I r'-olv.-d to -" to the north, aixl flini wi~t\\ard- to thi- I 'ort II_MIC-<' -ettleinent of Luanda. Along thf conr-e of' tlii- rivr which w<- |>a--i-d t'-'imc wa- -o abundant that there wa- no t abundant was the cassava, which, however nice when made into tapioca pudding, resembles in its more primitive condition nothing so much as a mess of laundress' starch. There was a de.sire in the various villages through which we passed to have intercourse with us, and kindness and hospitality were shown u> ; but when we got near the Portuguese settlement of Angola the ca>e was changed, and payment was demanded for everything, lint I had nothing to pay with. Now the people had been in the habit of trading with the slavers, and so thev said I might give one of mv men in pavment for what I wanted. When I showed them that I could not do this, thev looked upon me as an in- terloper, and I was sometimes in danger of being murdered. As we neared the coast, the name of England was recognized, and we got on with case. Upon one occasion, when I was passing through the parts visited by slave-traders, a chief who wished to show me some kindness offered me a slave-girl ; upon explaining that I had a little girl of my own, whom 1 should not like my own chief to give to a black man, the chief thought I was displeased with the si/e of the girl and sent me one a head taller. By this and other means I convinced mv men of mv opposition to the principle of slavery ; and when we arrived at Loauda I took them on board a British vessel, where I took a pride in showing them that those* countrymen of mine and those guns were there for the purpose of putting down the slave- trade. They were convinced from what they saw of the honestv of Englishmen's intentions ; and the hearty reception thev met with from the >ai!ors made them sav to me, " We see they arr- your countrymen, tor they have heart- like you." On tin- jour- ney the men had always looked forward to reaching the coast ; they had seen Manchester prints, and other article- imported therefrom, and thev could not believe thev were made bv mortal hands. On reaching the sea. thev thought thev had come to the end of the world. They said, '* We marched along with iT>4 AKRIYAI. AT I.OANDA. our father, thinking tin- world was a large plain without limit : but all at once the lanl said, ' I am fmi-hed ; there is no more !' me ; ' " ami they railed themselves tin- true old men tin* true ancient.- having gone to the end of tin- world. On reach- ing I/oanda, tin v commenced trailing in tin-wood, and also en- ga/ed theiu-elve- at -ixj>cnu their return, thev t.ild their people " we worked lor a whole mo >n, carryin/ awav the -tones that liurn.*' Mv the time thev wen- ready to /o hark to their own coiintrv, caeli had -ecu red a large luindle .f /ood-. < >n the wav hark, however, t'-vr detained them, and their good.- were all /one, leaving tin-in <>n their return home a- pour a- when thev -tarted. 1 had 'jonr towards the eoa-i for the pnrpo-e if finding a dire<-t path to the -ea, Imt on ^om-.r through the coiuitrv we (ound forr-t- -o drn~c that the sun had not much intinence on the '/round, which w:u- rovrn-d with vrllow moc>, and all the tree- \\ith white lieh'-n-. Allloii/~t tll'-e ti>n--t- WiTe litth' stn-ain--, rarh having it- -"iirre in a l'_ r ; in fart, nearlv all the river- in that c\- no mean- a comfortahle mode of travellin/. I therelore cjime hark to di-ro\cr another route to the coa-t l)\' mean- of' the river /.amln>i. I'he >ame -v-trm of inundation that ili-tingnisho the Nile i- al-o etl'.-<-!'-d hv tlii- rivej-. and the vallev of the Har't.-e i- Xcei-ditl/lv like the Valli'V ot' the Nile 1 let \\eell ( 'a i I'o and .\lr\andria. The inundations of the /amln-i, however, <-IIIM- no muddv -diiii'-nt lik-- tho-e of the Nile, and, onlv that there ar- n" -iio'.\ mountain-, wtuild mnve\ the imprr->!in that the ll|l|I|i| l'lo||- \\ . I'c th<- I'i '-lilt 'it the Illrltlll/ o| ^!|i>\\ ll'iilll adjMIH- iii/ hi,!-. 'I IH fi'-e ',f ill'- ri.iintrv pr--' nt- n -u< h (i atun-, hill eji \ a! ' i pi mi-, -o ! v-1 thai ram- wat< r -land- tr liionl h- to-/.-tln r up. -n tl,. in. Th- \\ali-r d'-e- n--! \\\\ otV, Imt /railuallv -oak- inf" tli'- -oil. and th-n u( in !/-. in \\hirh all the n\'er- take ih> ir ii-e. 1 |n-\ ha\- to ramv -< a-on- m the \ear, und eoii-i i|t|i ni i v t \\ o p, ri"'l- "1 inundation, I In- rposal, and he accord- ingly loaded me with tusks ten of which, on arriving at the coast, 1 spent in purchasing clothing for mv follower.-; the rest 'J.Vi NAT1VK ItKUUION. \'ei-e left at Quiliiuanc, that the impression should not be pro- duced in the euntry that they had bet'ii stolen in case of my tiuii-rvtiirn. Knirli-hineii are verv apt to form their opinion if Africans from the elegant (inures in tobacconists' shop-; I scarcely think Mich are fair specimens of the Afri-an. 1 think, at the same time, tl.it the Afriean women would be mneh handsomer than t.nv are it'thev would only let themselves alone; though unlbr- tanat'-!\- that i< a t'ailin-_ r by no mean- jn-euliar to African ladies; l-iit thi-v are. |v nature, not particularly ;.:ood-lookinjr, and seem to take all the pains thev can to make thein-elves wor-e. The people of o:,e tribe knoek out all their npjier front teeth, and .\iieii thev lau_di are jxrrlivtly hideous. Another tribe of the Lmda eoiintrv tile all their trout teeth to a point, like eats' teeth, and when thev ;_[rin put one in mind of alligator.-; manv of the women an- eomelv, (nit -|>oil their beauts by such uit- natural mean-. Another tribe has a en-torn o| piercing the cartilage ot' the no-e and in-ertiii'_ r a bit of reed, which spreads it out, and makes them verv di-a^reeable-looknii: ; others tie th'-ir hair, or rath- r \\ool. into ha-ket-work. resembling; the ton- r-orial decoration* >{' the aii-ient lv_r\ptian- ; other-. a_ r ain, dre-s tlieir hair \\ith a hoop around il. -o a- to re-einble the gloria round ih' head ot' th" virgin ; rather a different application of tip- hooj, to that of KiiL'li-h ladie-. 'Ihe people ot' ei-ntral Africa have religion- ideas -trouper than tho-e ot the ( 'atfre- and other -oiilhern nation-, who talk inii'-ii o! (J.i.l but pray -eldnm. Thev prav to departed rela- tive-, by whom tip-y imagine illne--e- are -cut to puni-h them J.-r an\' n> _ r l-et on their part. Kvideiu^-s of the I'ortiii^ue-e .! -nit mi--;onarv op.-ration- are -'ill \tanl. and ai'e earetullv p'-.---rv 1 bv lli.- native- ; ,,\\'- tribe can all read and \\ril'-. whieh i- a-eri'rab!e to the t.-a. hin^ of tl,,. .1, -nit- ; their on I \ 1 k- are. fio\\i v r. li!-!on.-- ot - nn!-, and miraeli - ell'eeteil bv thi- panntr- o( -:un'!\ toe-na:l-. and -ueh like non--n-e ; but. -unlv. it -ueli an impr* --ion ha- on.-e IM-.-II |irodi|e.-.|. it mi'jht ! hoped tliat t h'- i ']''. I - o| I Voti-tanl m:-.-ionarii--, u ho \\-< ,\\\>\ \, a\ t h- Hi!)le uith tie - poor p.-op].'. \\oiild not be h -v- abii|ni'_ r . lll a ' -I'Mim. | -i i il po;!i! ot \ |e\\ I -o| 1 1 III U 1 1 lea t lot) With tlll- eoiifitrv i- di-irab!e. \n_ola i- wonderfully fertile, producing THK I'OKTruUKSK IN AFRIPA. 2'>7 every kind of tropical plant in rank luxuriance. Pa. ing on to the vallcv of Quango, tlic stalk of (he grass was as thick as a quill, and towered al)ove my head, although I was H)oiintct. The country on the other side is not quite so fertile, but in addition to indigo, cotton, and sugar-cane, produces a fibrous substance, which 1 am assured is stronger than ilax. The Zambesi has not been thought much of as a river by Europeans, not appearing very large- at its mouth ; but on going up it for seventy miles it is enormous. The first three hundred miles might be navigated without obstacle; then then: is a rapid, and near it a coal-field of large extent. The elevated sides of the basin, which form the most important feature of the country, are far different in climate to the country nearer the sea, or even the centre. Here the grass is short, and the Angola goat, which could not live in the centre, had been seen on tin- east highland by Mr. Mollat. My desire is to open a path to this district, that civilization, commerce, and Christianity might find their wav there. I con- sider that we made a great mistake when we carried commerce into India in being ashamed of our Christianity; as a matter of common sense and good 'policy, it is always be.-t to appear in one's true character. In travelling through Africa I might have imitated certain Portuguese, and have passed for a chief; but I never attempted anything of the sort, although endeavor- ing always to keep to the lessons of cleanliness rigidly instilled by mv mother long a<'.i . the consequence was that the natives respected me for that quality, though remaining dirty themselves, I had a pass from the Portuguese consul, and on arriving at their settlement I was asked what I was. I said, " A mis- sionary, and a doctor, too." They asked, " Are you a doctor of medicine ? " " Yes." " Are you not a doctor of mathematics, too?" " Xo." "And yet you can take longitudes and lati- tudes." Then they asked me about my moustache ; and I simplv said I wore it because men had moustaches to wear and ladies had not. They could not understand either whv a saeerdote _>.")S (Y)MMKi:cK AXD CHRISTIANITY. should have a wife ami four children ; ami many a joko took place UJHUI that -ubject. I used to sav, '' I> it not Ix'ttcrto have children with than without a wife?" Kn^li^hmcn of education alwav- command rcsject without ativ adventitious aid. A I'or- tujuc-c ^ovcrnoi left for Angola, pvin^ out that he was jzoint; to keep a lar^e establishment, ami taking with him tjuantitics of CPM kt-rv, ami about five hundred wai>tcoat> ; but when he arrived in Africa lie inaile a "deal " of them. Educated Kn^- li-htii'-ii -eldom descend to that sort of tiling. A pro-pect i> m>\\ helore us of ojK-nin^ Africii for comment 1 and the jjji-ijM'l. 1'rovideiie*- ha< In^'ii preparing the \vav ; f>r even he). m- I priKxtnlt^l to the (Vntral basin it had been n>n- juerol anrevioii> to my cxplomtinns in that part. In L r "in.L' back to that cMimtrv mv object i> to open up tratlic alonj the bank- of the /amlx>i, and al-o t" preai'li the jn*pel. The na- tive> of central Africa arc verv ih^-irous <>i' tradiiis_ r , but tluir -t doinibh- to en- eoiira^' 1 th>- Ibrnicr principle, anr the cun- stimption "{' tree propenMtv for trade, tli'- ad vantage- that mii_ r ht be derived in a cotnini-rcial point of view are incalculable; m>r should we \<>-f -ijjht oi the nie-tima- bli- bles-irisfs it i- in our power to !)cstow upon the unenlightened African bv '_ r ivin_ r hint the lijj^ht of ( 'hri-t iamt\ . 'I Imse t\\o pioneer- <>f civili/-it ion ( 'hri-tianitv and cmunirrce -- -linild \.r be in-cjiarable ; and Kn^lishmen should ! \varne* I b\ the tr'ii'~ "(' u.-_'!.-.-t m_ r that principle a- exemplified in the r-~ii!t "f tic- ru 1:1 tj-.-nieii! ol' Indian atlair-. I'\ trading \\ilh Al'ri'"i. a!-", we -h.nild at length |H- independent <.f -!a\ c-lab-.r. and tlm- di-counti-Hami 1 pra-'tii-e-, -i nbnoxinii-. toe\erv I'jiL'b-liman. 1 h'tii/h tlie native- are nif ab-"lutel\- aiixioii- to reei i\-e tli^ 1 e^o-pi-1, rh"-v are . IJM n to ( 'hri-t ian inflm-no-.. A IIIOIIL' t lie 1'ni-h- 'jana- the ^.i-p-l wa- well reeei\-,-,l. T!ie-e jii-.i|.le think it a Time to -hi-d a tear but I have -een -nine of them weep at thf THE MISSIONARY LIFK. _'.">'. recollection of their sins when God had opened their htart- * Christianity and repentance. It is true that missionaries have. difficulties to encounter; hut what great enterprise was ever ac- cumplishe its own hle.-t reward in healthful activity, the consciousness of' doin^ <;ood, peace of mind, and a bright hope of a glorious devtiny hereafter? -Awav with the word in such a view, and with such a thought ! It > emphatically no sacrifice. Say rather it is a privilege. Anxietv. sickness, suffering, or danger, now and then, with a forego in.: of the common conveniences and charities of this life, may make 2GO LIVINGSTONE'S AFRICAN LIFE NO SACRIFICE. us paur a moment. All these are nothing when com- pared with tlir glorv which shall hereafter be revealed in ami lr u-. I never made a sacrifice. Of tin- we ought not to talk, when we remember the great suerifiiv whirh UK made who left, hi- Father'- thn>ne on high to give him-elf ll>rn-: "Who lieing tin- brightness of that Father's glorv, and the express image of hi- person, and upholding all things hy the \vonl of hU [Miwer, when he had by himself purged our sins, sat down OH tin- ri^lit hand f the maj-stv on high." Kn^lir-h [M-oplc are tn-ate living hy his gun a coinx- not opm to a country ( unite. I would ratln-r he a poor mi ionarv than a joor curate. Then tin-re is the plea-suit pro-;pect of rcttiniiivj home and .t to the skinny, withered one-, of tho-e \\ ho had -pent the latter years of tin ir life in a tropical clime; thev were the fir>t n>-v cheeks I had -ecu lor -ixtifti year- ; yon can hardly tell how pleasant it i- to -ev the hlooming ehei-ks of young ladie- hejlire rue, after an al-eiiee of -ixteeti years from -ndi deliglitful oltjects ii' con- teniplation. There i- al-o the pleasure of the welcome home, and I ln-artilv thank \'ou for the welcome von have given me ut there i- al-o the hope of the welcome word- of our L<>rd, " \\ ell done, good and faithful servant." I Keg to direct vour attention to Africa ; I know that in a few vear- I -hall IK- cut oil' in that coimtrv, which i- now op n ; do not let it he shut again ! I go hack to Africa to trv to make an open path lor commerce and Christianity; do you carrv out th.- work which I have U-gun. I I.KAVK IT WITH vr! CHAPTER XV. AOAIN IN AFKICA. Results of P, (Torts at Universities Universities' Mission Livinirstonp App<>intl llriti-.li Consul Intcrvit-w with the (^ueen li.cn.snns for Accepting' the Ciovernmcntiil Appointment Love for hi> Mother -Cure of her (iovcrnincni Appropriation Tin- Farewell I!;im|iiet - 1 >iMin<_'iiishi-<| AsseinMy- Spceelie*- Sir Roderick Mureliison LiviiiL'Mniie's Aildre-* Arrangements Completed- Members of the Expedition The Steam Laimeh The "Pearl" Th* De- parture from Kn^land Livingstone's Ilc>ponihility \\"li;it the (iovernmcnt F.xpec-ted Letters hy the Way Arrival at the Mouth of the Xaml-i. THE effort of Dr. Livingstone at the jjreat universities \\as not only an occasion full of complimentary attentions ; it \vas aw occasion which did not pass from the hearts of the noble men with whom he had held loving counsel, and he was rejoiced to witness speedy preparations on the part of Oxford and Cam- bridge, in which they were joined bv the I'niver.-ities of Dur- ham and Dublin, for establishing a mission in Africa, to be known as the " Universities' Mission to Central Africa." The time was now drawing nigh when he felt that he could no longer indulge himself in the comforts of home, even though, while there, his heart . and hands were full of labors. He had been appointed by her muje.-ty " British Consul to the Portu- guese Possessions in South Africa." a position which he was constrained to accept, because it afforded facilities tor prosecuting his work of opening Africa to the light of the gospel, which he could not enjoy as the missionary of any board. Then- w;u< al>o a demand on him to assume relations which would be more remunerative. His aired mother needed hi.- aid, ami his noble heart would not excuse himself from so holy a duty a> that of providing for the comfort of hi.- mother, bv even the important duties of his distant mis.-ion. lie loved the Africans, but lie did not feel himself called to sutler the light to go out in the home of his mother that he might kindle one on the hearth of his adopted brethren. The little incident, coming we hardly 16 -f'l jr,2 FAKKWKI.I. HAX^t'KT. know lio\v to onr knowkxlgv, sparkK> like a jewel over tlu 1 heart 11}' tln> man we havi- already learned to love not U->s than we honor him. Having appointed him a- it- aml>a ador. thr ^orernment u!-o appropriate*! i'~ti ami tin- iici'jhlmi'iii^ etumtrv, to IM- headed 'v I >r. Living-tone. Aii'l IMT Maje-tv liotionil the man who !ial li'i-oiiic tin- central o'.jret of tin- tini.-. with a |M>r>inul in- terview. Tin- K"val < icii;jraj)hical S.. i.-i\ toik a il-cj> intcivsl in tin' new oxjHtlition, anil <'in' of* tin- nm-t intT-tinu r i-v i nts of I >r. Livin^-t'>ii< '- -'>i"'.irn in Kn^lairl \\a- tin- liin-wdl hanijiu-t \\iih which the ilistin^ni^heil iiie[iil)cr> i-l' 1 . hi- ^rcat -oeietv hcn- 'ii-e.l him mi the l.",t!i <.f I''e!irn.ir\ , iStlS. The liiiinjnet wa- j n-i'l'tl nver l>v Sir Il'-l-riek Mnrchi>on, an.l there were i I'ir.' ilian tln'e- hnniln-'l gentlemen, manv ({'them well kn.iwn : ii'l "t" iiln-t ri"ii- ra:i!%. S i"ii<-e an-1 art were t in -re t.. do honor ti a ii"li!'- niaii. The ehurdi ami th<- >tate etime JM hid pnl- -;>eiil t.. the |.| (1 -i l-iithlul .- rva! 1 1 of 1 ! h . T ! ie a : 1 1 1 >a.--a l>r- < >f peMtnark. S\\e.],n and V-rwav were there, and nian\ nolilc- and ladie- tilled the ^alleri.--, d< -lighted to \\itm the j.roe,-,-d- in_ r - and hear t!ie -jut-ehes. 'I here \\.-re many of ih.-.- during 'lie eVellilli:. The e Ve|'-a I'de| 1 1 ]tre-lde|l! dellVel'i (| a el Kl l'a 't el'- i>tie add re--, in the i:iioti the admiration nl men of -cieiiee ; nit, _Teat a- tliev are, the\- 1'all far -hort of othi-r- which attach to the name of the mi--ionarv who. |.\ hi- lidelitv t" hi- \\ord. liv hi- coii-cientioii- re-ard lor In- en^a-_ r i -incut -, won thcatl'ec- : ion of' the nat ive- of A irica lv t he e\ani|ile which IP -ei Kef ire them in hi- treatment of tin j.oor |ie,,|,!,. \\ ho followeil him in hi- ar h:"ii- n-eareln- through that -jn-ar contiii'iit." I lie -pvet h ot 1 >! . I .1 Vlll'J-tollc o|| till- oci-.i-|i,n 1- Jiaftii'M- la/lv inf'-rc-! m_', a- : r i\'ne_ r a complete :ii-einnit of the ^reat travelli-r'- plan-. II- ap-e and -aid: " \Vh-n I \\a- in \ !'ri- i 1 could ii"t 1'iit !. ,l v f. ,r\\ard with OVOM- ant ictp-i! ion to m\- arrival 1:1 mv nati\e land ; IHII when I rem.-mlM r !,... | ! i\- l-eii r- ei , . d. and v. hen | |.)l,-.-t that I am !io\v a;. on i t'lvniM 1 .' to th- >c-ni '! nr. ! ',;i< r lal ir-, I FAKKWKI... SI'KK* II 2(,.{ urn at :i loss ho\v to express in words the let /ings of rnv heart. In former times, while L wjis performing what I eon>-id< red to IK; my duty in Africa, I leit great pleasure in the work ; ami now, when I perceive that all eves are directed to mv future conduct, 1 I'eel as i!' I were laid under a load of obligation to do better than 1 have ever done as yet. 1 expect to find for mv- self no lar^e fortune in that eountrv, nor do I expeet to explore Jinv large portions of a new country, but I do hope to find through that part of the country which I have, already explored, a pathway bv means of the river Zambesi which mav lead to highlands when' Iv.iropeans mav form a settlement, and where, bv opening up communication and establishing commercial intercourse with the natives of Africa, thev mav slowlv, but not tin 1 less surclv, impart to the people of that eountrv the knowl- edge and the* inestimable blessings of Christianity. " I am glad to have connected with me in this expedition mv g/.llant friend C'aptain Bedingfield, who knows not onlv what African rivers are, but also what are African levers. With his aid I may be able t discover the principle- of the river s\>tem of that great continent, and if I find that svstem to be what I think it is, I propose to establish a depot upon the Zambesi, and from that station more especially to examine into that river system, which, according to the statement.- of the native-, if discovered, would all'ord a pathwav to the eountrv bevond, where cotton, indigo, and other raw material might be obtained to anv amount. " 1 am happy also in being accompanied bv men experienced in geologv, in botany, in art, and in photographv, who will bring back to England reports upon all tho*e point-, which I alone have attempted to deal with, and with verv little means at mv disposal. " The success it' I may call it succes- which has attended mv former ell'orts to open up the coimtrv mainly depen with tin.' natives of the interior of Ai'riea, it would be our i;nat lutv to muter UJHUI them tho-e ^ivat benefits of ( hri-tianity \\liieli have U-en fovstowttl upon otir.-elve.-. Let us Hot make the - that eountrv our Christianity with n-. ' I confe-.- that I am ii"t -anguine enough to hope fur aiiv pe, .lv p-.-u!t.- fp>m thi- e\jM-ditioii, l.iit I am -anguine a- to i;> ultimate re-u!t. 1 lii-1 mnvinitil that if \\' ean ostalli>h a .->-; in uf free lal>or in Alri'-a, it \\iil have a ni"-t deeihtl in- ilii'-ii'-f njMin -laverv throughout the world. Sneees>, however, nndi-r ProvidfiUT, dfju-mK upuii u- a> l'.ni_ r li>lnnen. I lus the ni',-t frn-dom-lovinj; people in tin- world, and I think that tin- kindlv !'< liiiLT whii-h has Iwen ili.-playeil towards me om<- future time ti-n 1 Jo put an end to the odious tnitli- 1 in -lavi--. Kn^laml ha-, unt'irtunatflv, U-en corn pel l<-d to obtain cotton and other raw material from -lave State-, ami ha.- thu- lw< 11 the main.-tav and -upport of -laverv in Aim-rlea. Snrelv, then, it fo!!o\\- that if we can -ueeeed i ii ol it ai ii i iiL r the raw material Irom other -oinves than Irom the -lave State- of America we should -trike a ln-avv hlow at tin- -v-tein ot' -laverv it -elf. I do not \\i-h to ai'oii-e expectation- in connection with thi- expedition which mav never }< reali/ed, hut what I want to du i- to .j.-t in the thin end oj' the \vi -d'je. and then I leave it to I..- .!i'i\-eii home 1 )\' Mn^li-h en-Tjv and l''.!iL'li-h spirit. " I cannot e\pn--- to \ on m a'lcijnate lan_ r ua_ r e the -en-o \\!ii'h I entertain of the kindne \\hn-h I have n-eeivtd -nice mv I'turn to tin- e.iiintrv. hut I i-an a--ure \'oii that 1 -hall ever retain a 'jrateful r- <, !!.,' 1. ,n of th.- \\av \oii h.T\e rereivinl in.' on the eve of mv departure IP>HI mv nats\e land. " Kef- p-nee ha.- lieen made in laiiL'iia^e m-i-t kind to Mr-. Living-tone. N'o\\, it i- -'-ap-elx tair to a-L a man to prai-i- hi- o\\ n v\it'-, but 1 .an onl\ -av that \\ lnn 1 1. ft hi r at t!u- ('ape, i.-Hinj' her that I -h"ti!d return in l\\ \t-ar-, and \\Leii it ha j'p- n- d that I ua- aV-.-. nt ! 'iir \iar- and a li li I. I -uppo-ed that I -h..iiM appear li.-f..p h. r v. ith a d:ima-_'"l charaeti-r. I wa.-, however, t''i\'i\in. M \ \\i!e -,s ill accompaiiv me 1:1 this A CHAUACTKKISTir UKI'LV. 2(i5 expedition, and 1 In-Hove will bo most useful to mo. She h familiar with the languages of South Africa, she is able to work, she is willing to endure, and she well knows (hat in that coun- trv one must put one's hand to everything. In the country to which I am about to proceed she knows that the will; mu>t \>c the maid-of-all-worlc within, while the husband must be the jaek-of-all-trades without, and glad am I indeed that I am to be accompanied bv mv guardian angel. Allow me now to say just one word in reference to our chairman ; let me just tell you that L found a few days back an abstract from an addiv.-.s which he delivered to the Geographical Society in 1N-VJ, and which lie had the assurance to send to me. In that address my distin- guished friend foreshadowed a great portion of those discoveries which L subsequently made, and all I can now say is that I hope he will not do the same thing again." All things were now readv. Some time before Lord I'al- merston, then Prime Minister, had sent a distinguished member of the bar to Dr. Livingstone, to ask him what he could do for him, and his reply had been: " Open the Portuguese ports of East Africa." Xow he began to anticipate the reali/ation of his request. lie 1 was about starting to those coasts, protected bv English authority and clothed with the dio-nitv of an English official, to search out in the name 1 of England the hid- den land. The members of the expedition had been select e 1 by himself. They were ('aptuin Bedingfield, II. X., well known for his exploration of the ( 'ongo and other African rivers; Dr. Kirk, M. D., of Edinburgh, as botanist ; Mr. R. Thornton, of the School of Mines, as mining geologist ; Mr. T. Bains as artist; Mr. Rae as engine"!- of the launch, and Dr. Living- stone's brother, who was expected to take charge- of an e>tab- lishment proposed to be fixed at the confluence' of one of the tributaries of the y^ambesi." A beautiful iron steam launch had been constructed by order of the o-overnment for the pur- poses of the expedition a vessel seventv-five feet lon-jr, ei^iit feet broad and three feet deep, in the shape of a lar^e flat- bottomed boat, with both end- alike and covered with awnings a precious piece of invention and workmanship, which, a- '.e shall find, was better suited to dry land than such a river a- tiio Zambesi. 2li*j INSTHftTIUNS OK HKU MAJtXTY. Thr farewell pa-..M-d, ami the good steamer " I 'earl," with tin* launch .-towed awav picivmcal in lirr capacious hull, and the generous siipplic- of a liln'ral government, received her more prvioti> car-jo \' huiuan beings on the loth of March. Such men as forme* 1 the exjxtlitiou eoultl !* at IK* loss for ixviijiation, i-veii in tin- narrow confines of their little floating home. There u~a. opportunity to reflect and converse ami lamilian/.e thein- -elvcs with the plans bv which tln-v hoped to serve Kngland and Africa most axivptably. For I >r. Livingstone particularly tiii^ \v:is an e\j>eilitioii of v:t-t re>joii-il)i!il\ . lie had awakenetl the inter-t which had determined the action of the government. :.:id which had moved a numl>er of orL r ani/.ations to project mi ion> tor central Afriea. His ri'sjMinsihilitv imposed heavier laimr on him than he had ever jH'rformed. ilc mti>t a>>i>t the i.ii-'ionario who were about leaving Knglaml ; he could not t.iink of iie^lcctiiiL; them ; and he mu>t see to it that the author- i.ics which had commi>si(Uieointed in tln> i ult- of tin- rnterpri.-e. The explicit instructions ot' her Maje-tv'- government were that the knowledge alreadv attained of the geographv and the mineral and agricultural roource.- of ea-tern and central Africa be extended, that the acquaintance of the inhabitants be improved, that thev mi-jht be taught to applv tlii-m-' -K'e- to the cultivation of their laml- \\ith a view to the production of raw matt rial to be exported to Kngland in return for I'.nti-h mamif'actiires ; and it wa.- hoped that, bv ncouniijing the native-; to occiipv themselves in the develop- ment of th- n-oiirer- of the coiintrv, a con.-idernble advance mijlit be made touard- the extinction of the -lave trade, a> they \\..u!d n.it be lon-_ r iii di-coverini: that the Ilii-mer \\oiild even- tiiallv be a more certain .-oiirce of profit than the latter. '1 ho e\|M-ditioIi \\M~ ~e|lt ill accordance with tile -ettled (lohey <>l tllr I-'.:i_'li-h L'"Veniiiieiit ; and the Marl ot" ( 'larendon being then at !;.- h' ad "f t he I-'.irei_Mi OlVice, the mi ion \\ a- organi/i-d under I.!- inii:i'-diat- care. It \\ a.- an enti-rpri-e. ho\\. \ . i-, which cm- 1,. ,di-d the prineipl.- of no on.- party. It pov-.c-.M-il the heart^ of the p,.,pl.-. I-'IMIH the vari'iit- point-, uli'i-- opp.irt unit i> - \\ep- alTorde*! letf. T- Were -i-||t \>:\< 1. '' I''.!l/!:i!ld, ll!' 1 P : t : 1 1 1 1 1 _: ill' 1 -allic lottV AUKIVAL AT TIIK XAMHKSI. 2(\, fittingly distinguished those truly great .spirits which hav< alwavs led the van of Christian eivili/ation. In due time tin- ship had passed tin; ('ape and Xatal, and drew near to the for- ests of mangrove, which, coining down to the water's edge, and casting their shadows on the confluence of the /atnlx-si with the sea, seemed OH if conspiring with the usurpers of the soil for its concealment. CRICKET. CHAPTER XVI. ARRIVAL AT TKTK. w &n<\ thf Zamtx-ti I''.t-ritv'i Aj'pluii"-!--- Tin- F.x]>lanntlf|>artun- of thf " I'l-arl" Th- Firt Work Ma/-ar<- Kxrit.-ni.-nt I.iviiik.-- M-'iu-'- 'ourair<- Mariano'* ('rin-lly Tin- /ulu- Tin ir Tax Tllfir Clionic- t/r. Hospitality, tr. /ulu I..i\\\i-r Slnip:iiu':i "I'll" (ir'i\- 1'inliT tlu 1 Ilai'J'.ili Il-rr|,!i..ii at SviiiKi Sriili'T FiTFiiro .\rri\ai lit T4o " We will SI.-.-]. To-nii;ht." \iNi; tin- \i>n-.>i..u- of PoriiiLMK-c -vinpatliy with tin- 'jruwin^ int'n-.-t <>t' th- c'ivilizcd w>rl(' studiously preventing, as far as th'-v have b the trale in -laves. The care whieh tin v have Ixi-n at t<> (il>--nre the l_ r reat ea.-tern jtathwav toward the h. art of the continent i- too iiotircal'le and reproachful to e-eape the remark and ei-n-nre of mi'' e\-<-n \\ho-e eharitv was almost a fault sometimes. I >r. Li vin^-tone eniild not suppress or n>M satisfied that th- eiipiditv of the nominal oeeiipant- and | K ,--.i-,,(r^ of the ZainlM>i delta hail moved them to pnieti-e il'-iili- -rite d> -eept ion, !iv mean- <)' map- and published pap-r--, rotieermir/ the real entrnnee nt tip 1 iiolih- river whieh they had d'-_ r rad'-d int'ia hiprhwav for tlieir unlawful and inhuman tnitVn*. If i- wi-11 kiinwn that the " Kwakwa." or " Iliver ot (^uili- tuane," -"in'- -i\tv mi!<-- distant tV"m th' mouth- "I tin- Xam- in-j*!. ha- !"ii'_ r IMI-II rejin-t nfi-d a- th- principal < nt raii'-<- t" that /re; it n\-r; while m t;n-t tin- "principal entraii'-t- \MI- little ifiop- than a natural canal a!"M_ p uhi'h -la\'i- li<.;it- nii'jht pa.-- troni th-' /.aml-i to (^uilimaiie, at -n'h time- a- tin- overflow POSTERITY'S AIM-LAI'SK. 200 of the river rendered it navigable; and only when the enterprise, of Livingstone had u.-v>oeiatc.si with his name, were the "authorities'' provoked to eon less that the harbor of the Kongone liad been for years a place of refuse for their slave-ships from the " per*efUtions of Kngli>h cruisers." If \ve may depeiul on a statement which confesses Mich nefarious deceptions and such selfish disregard of the progress of geograph- ical science and the anxieties oi' all Christendom U'sidcs, in order to recover the forfeited glory of discovery, we cannot award them a pri/.e which shall be any glory to them, except as it is glorious to emulate the selfishness and falseness of the arch enemv of human happiness, who labors always to divert the rays of heaven Iv light from human souls, that a darkened realm, where sin and sorrow struggle helplessly, may recognize his vile dominion and pay him tribute. It is certain that Christian people all over the world, whose hearts are swelling with hope and jov while they trace the advance of African missions, will think of David Livingstone when thev prav for their sons and daughters ascending the Zambesi. It is certain that thoughtful men, the world over, will never erect their monument- to the Portuguese when they realize the benefits of African commerce. Whatever knowledge of the real highway may have been care- fully treasured at Lisbon, and turned to the account of selfish officials, the Governor of Tete testified, on the !>th of Jnlv, 1850, in a letter addressed to a brother official of Portugal, that Dr. Livingstone was the first man who had passed from the sea to Tete over the real outlet of the Zambesi. lie claims the glory of first exploring the mouths through which the great river, which has come into such prominence in connection with his travels, pours its waters into the ocean. lie reported j'm/r distinct outlets the Milambe, which is the most westerly ; the Konuone, the Luabo. and the Timbwe (or Mnselo'i. ( )f these mouths the "'report" savs : "After the examination of' three brunches by the able and energetic surveyor, Francis Skead, U. X., tlu/ KonLjone was ibund to be the best entrance. The immense amount of sand brought down by the Zambesi ha- in the course of aijes formed a sort of promontory, against which the lonir swell of the Indian ocean, beating during the prevail- ing winds, has formed bars, which, acting against the water's of 0711 THK KOXOOXK. the delta, may have led to their exit sideways. The Kongone i- one of the lateral branches, ami the safest, inasmuch as the Uir ha.- nearly t\\" lathom.s on it at low \\ater, ami the rise at *|>rin^ tide- i- from twelve to fourteen leet. 1 he bar is narrow ami thr j>a-.-a^f marly straight. \\Yrc it buoyed, ami a lieucon plait-don l'-arl island, it \voiikl alway> be safe for a steamer. \\ hen tin- \\iml is Iroin the ea>t or north thr bar is Mijooth ; it from the south ami -onthca.-t, it ha- a lu-avv break on it, and i- not to Iw attempted in loat.-. A strong current, setting to tin- ea-t \\licii the ti tlowiiiir, ami to the \\ot when ebbing, mav liiji into the bn-aktrs. If one is doubtful of hi- longitude, and run- ea-t, lie will >oon see the land at Tnnl)We di-;ip|M-;ir awav to the north ; and romin^ we-t a^ain, he i-ui ea.-ilv make out Ka>t Lnabo tVom it- jjreat -i/.e, and Ki'IlLfne |i.llii\SS -e\'ell Illilo Wot. The K ii||-j. .1 1, i- five UliK 1 ?! ^a.-t i the Milamlie; al>"iit -even mile- ea.-l of the Konpuu* is tin l-!:i.-t Lnabu, and live mil-> ea-t -till i- tli( 1 imbwe." It i- remarkable that no PorttiijiieM 1 iH-idi-nct> were fouiul within "i/'/litij jut!'* "i ami iiiniifli " f tin /.i *i . \\ hether thev were ignorant of them, or, a- tin v nun claim, had their -eti lein- iil~ -o far a\\ av a- a jii'-ee i.f -trate^v in the inten-t of the .slave trade, i- a |iie-tinii which we need not paii-e to di-eus<. \\'e have the t ' -I i 1 1 1 ! I v of the Livin^-tom- expedition, that the onK human beiii-^- that were -ecu, a- the " I 'earl " w a.- steered into tin- Koii'jone, were the dii-k\ iiativi- Icapitii; tVom their caiio< - and da.-hiir_ r awav through the maii'/rovi- thicket--, in e\ id> nt hrror of the w lute man, w ho, it known to them at all, ua- onlv a--oeiated with ineinorie- o|' bi-other.- or -i-tei> or children drau'J'd awav in chain- to harder iHiiidap 1 in unknown land-. S'-nie of tli' jiarlv on board the "I 'earl" were iiini-.-d to wild- rn--- -e.-ne- and the wonderful \ ul -ram v o| nature in tr"|>i'--il land-. I 'h v -eeined to lia\e ent-r. d a n w worKI. |-'.v r\ thin _ tln-y -aw, every -onnd ihat I- il \\\<><\\ \\\< ir car-, had :-.!l tli- Ire- hue ..f novel iv. The tr--e- and the |,!.mt- wen ne\\ ; the tlowi r- and t!..- tVuil-. the In-a-t-. the bird-, tin in-eet-. all were -!ian_ f e and \\oiid< i-|ul. The \.-rv -k\ it-- It -.ein.d new, U'lo'A i;i/ 'A it 1 1 e, ,!,,]- or -|i:irk !ill'_' \\ il ll l-oll-tcllatioll- \\> \ e|- -eell in norihini clime-. Tin art- and imlu-lrie-. o| other natioiiH THK SOIL OF THK I>KLTA. 07^ Iiad rot reclaimed a single square loot of territory aUmt the mouths of tliis river. The wilderness came down to meet the \vilderness. An untamed land and an untamed sea. The roar of wild Ijeasts answered the roar of the wild waves. The mur- muring sea responded to the sighing forot. The first twenty miles along the Kongone they passed Ix-tween rival jungles of mangrove; and when the mangroves wen- u f( behind, on either hand there were vast level plains of rich dark soil, covered with gigantic grasses which concealed the lairs of wild beasts and intimidated even the most expert lnmt< r>. Here and there the odd-looking huts of the natives, mounted on "stilts," were seen hid awav in bowers of bananas and corny palms. The occupants of these little cotes were as industrious as thev could be expected to be, and frequently thev had about them an abundance of sweet potatoes, pumpkins, tomatoes. cabbages, onions, peas, corn and sugar cane, which would have encouraged the most omnivorous of our species to think of set- tlement. The wonderful soil of this delta can hardlv have been surpassed bv even the marvellous fertility of Egvpt in the dav.-, when her mysterious river patron was most lavi.-h of his bless- ings. Rice was found to be largely cultivated, but the peculiir adaptation of the soil to the sugar cane was quite apparent, M 1 the members of the expedition were convinced that this iv<_ r if net-, meal or ]Htato--. -homing " Mai mid a ! maionda ! " ' Tiling f-r -ale! thin::- for -ale!" ami tho-- in the HUKM-S fol- lw-. The deep chanm-1 of the /aml>e-i i- (jnitr narrow whrn <-i::i- janil \\ith tin- width of the river; and not oiilv narrow, lnt sin-jularlv tortuoii-, winding ah-n-j ainoii^ the (oiinth-- suid- Inink-. tVoiii -id<- ttj side of tin- -trcain, niarknl oiilv liv tin 1 slight diarai'tcri-tic ripple wh-n tin-re i- a frc-h wind, and when all i- ealtn, l>v a peculiar boiling up of it- water from -oine ai-tioii l>elow. '1'he faet that man i- an expert navipitor at the -t a do.-- nut -ave him from tin- sham*- of eonfosinj^ him-elt ini-erallv at -< a on -ueh a riv r. Near the i-hnnl nfSimli.. the " I\:irlV" draught \\ a- toiiml to l>e to ^reat, and the I.ivnij- r-toni- pai'tv \\ ere under the nei-e--it v of partiii'j; with their e-e. .rt. The ^. MM i- de- lulled \'V tile expedition Wefe plaei-d oil oil- (' til'' l*-auti:'ul L r i'a-^\' i-!and- alxnit tortv mile- from the liar, and tin- few lu-ii \\h< had Keen eho-en to -hare the toil- and honor- nf the d'-\o;ed mi--ion;irv explore!-, in hi- new entcrpri-e, to.,| x l'-:i\e of th<- -ji n roil- eaptain of the " 1'i-arl, and al-o ot th.-;r I'riend Sk.-ad, and -at do-,\ n looking alter the imlih- -hip a- -he .'t'-ani'-d av^av to \vard the -ea ajain. It rna\ he a glooms pie- tur. . that a LT'-at -hip -hoiild ent'-r an unknown harUr, -ai! aloii- an inikno'.sn river f.-ny mile-. U-tuien t'. .r.-t- and jnn- jl<--, \\lr [ there \\ere -trance lord- and hea-l-. and flower- and re--, and p' "pie -t ranker and \\ ilder than all. and anehoriiii: in fh'- middle.,!' the rivei-, ph'-roti a tiny, (airy -!, ,kin-j i-land a f, -\ m< n and -'or--, and ! a\e th- m tin n-. P.u: it i- jn-t \-. hat Wa- dot))'. '|'!i.- r-uferpri-e \\ hieh ort the stores of the expedition to Shupanga and Senna. The difficulty and anxiety of this work was greatly increased l>v the distressingly unsettled state of the country. NVar was prevailing all around, hut they were favored l>y delightful weather, and were enabled to rest from their initiatory lalx>rs on the l.'Uh of August. During these months it was of course necessary for a portion of the partv to remain on the island. I'Yom their little kingdom, over which they asserted squatter sovereignty, they could ea-ily see the large game of the neighborhood moving about in the forests or coming down to the water's edge ; or they could watch the strange manoeuvres of thousands of little seed-birds, which, like flocks of other small birds in Africa, are wonderfully expert in the performance of most eccentric " gyrations and evolutions," separating and wheeling into columns again with the most thorough military precision. There were all sorts of living things in siirht except human bein^. The tedium of' long ~ ~ 1 - wilderness journeys by land is beguiled by many little perils and difficulties and hunting exploits; but our party ii-lt the unvarying wilderness becoming dullv monotonous before thev reached Mazaro. The uninhabited expanse on either hand was unquestionably dreary, and the sporting of the water-fowls be- came verv commonplace ; even their interest in the enormous monsters, which they might see at any time, became objects of contempt as they became familiar. As far as Ma/aro there were found no traces which contradicted the claim of Dr. Livingstone to bein^ the true discoverer of the mouth of the Zambesi. There was no trade whatever below that point. All the merchandise of Senna and Tete was conveyed between that point and a small >trcam about six miles distant, on men's head-;. On that little stream they were reshipped and found their way to Quilimane aloni; the Kwakwa. The -cenery was bettor about Ma/aro. The well-wooded Shupanga r'd'je 274 F.X'-ITF.>rFN*T AT MA7ARO. -tretehed off to tin 1 left, and in front Mile hills rise dimly fur in the distawv. There is at Maxaro tin- month of a little crtt-k, a fe\v vard- wide, flowing down with ronsideraMe fall into the rivi-r. its entrance almost roiwalcd by tin- tall trr.tss which jjruw- n,> in its l>ed, which is the oiilv explanation of a state- ment tt IN- f.imd in a ma|> published in 1*">1 by the 1'ortn- rjiit-*- " Minister of Marine and tin- < 'olnnie-," that "at Ma/aro the XunlM-i i- i>!ii- inil<- wide and flows t<> Qtiilimanc." The /:iin!M~i i iiowli'-n- ix-arrr to (^niliinaiu- than it U at Ma/.an>. This litt!- |>o-t wa- in threat r.\<-itnnrnt when Livini^-toiu' and partv arrival. Th'-n- haartv f'r:n hearing or -M-IIIJ anything ot the liattle iritil thev wet n the Around. Thev had aln-.idv e>tat>li-hed friendly relations \\-ith Imth parties t,, this ijnarn-1, and \\ere nit-isiinihlv protected lv the charm which altachc> to the Kn^- lish name. I>r. Livin^tonc land'il without the lca-t hcsitatn-n to s;ilnt,. ,.,!ne <>f his ,,1,| friend-, and found himself in the sid<- rninij -nie]| and confronting the horrible siMX'tac-le of' mutilated l).di'-s of the s| :l '|||. The jtivernor was very ill of fever at the time, and I >r. Liv nrj-tojie -.va- appealed to to take him across the river to Slm- pair_ r a ; he tried in vain to _fet sotnelx>dv to assist him to the l>'tat with the -ick man, Imf no one would volnntei-r for s,, ilan-n-nuis an undertaking, and the ^eni-roii- visit->r would ii"f think of leaving another in -nch danger, -o he entered th<- hut al-iiie, ami, with '"ii-idcralile diflienltv, at Irn^th -uc.-.-fded in draj'jni'j' hi* exii-lleuey (> the ship. 1 in- I *rt n_ r nese are even weaker in actual uar than th< v A--!i!.| -f.-in to IM- if line -!i(nli\'e t'n- tln-ir ma-!- TS r]t|i-ntlv a wholi--onie regard for ''a- r n -al-tv. and arc ii"t valinntlv a'.'-r--' t.i -i-<-iiriii_ p tint ll<--:n, r in flr_ r li!. At Ma/aro :he |'.,rtu_"i---f wi-re mi d"'iMe dn'v ; while -nine st.KM MARIANO'S fUUKI.TY. 27-") with great bravery against the enemy, other- wen- a* coolK- ahooting at their own slaves who were retreating to tin- river. It may l>e notieeo! that Mariano, who was proving so verv annoying to the Portuguese, was a Imff-wmlc, as were rno-t of the chit-Is who have most seriously oppose*! the anthoritv of the colonists. Indeed this class of men are the scourge of the whoV country; they are the keenest slave-hunters, and most blood- thirsty warriors, the most atnu-ioiis villains generallv, who an to he encountered. A gentleman of the highest standing told Dr. Livingstone that it was no uncommon event for hi- fiunilv to IK- disturbed while at dinner by a slave rushing into (he apart- tnent, pursued by one of Mariano's men, spear in hand. But the people who have pretended to colon i/.c in such a community, on the false basis of mixed marriages with barbarous tribes, and encouraging a trade so demoralizing as that which ha- di-tin- guished the Portuguese enterprises in Africa, can hardlv be -tir- prised or cornplam that they have such a harvest of trouble and failure. The folly of the Portuguese method was abun- dantly manifested by the eagerness with which the natives ex- tended their most cordial hospitalities to the Knu'li-h expedition, which they very quickly came to understand as representing a very different method and superior design. Kven the rebel < under Mariano, on finding that Dr. Livingstone and his partv were Englishmen, not seeking slaves, but having at heart the real improvement of the country and the elevation of the people, received them with shouts of jov and welcome. The Marurn, who occupy the countrv around Ma/aro, like the people generally who have had contact with white people only in the Lisbon subjects, have be.-ome very distrustful, as well as covetous ; thev required to be paid ti>r all -ervice-. and wanted their pav in du-ky ma-ter^ of the land keep on the Portuguese r>loui-ts who o>-crt a |N.werK-s claim to it. Regularly every year thev vi-it Shiijuuiga and Senna in torn-, prepared to receive or take bv f>nv their extortionate tribute. It should not, how- ever, U- utiderMH"l that the Xulus are the meanest jx-ople in the world, IMM-UI-V thev improve the opportunity tbr securing some return for the aefotniuodatioii of re*ideuet' on their shores, which >tran_ f| r- think of value enough to pay jbr. Kven according to tin- -tricte-t e.juitv, it i- ^ijue-tionable whether tho>e who, going from a Oiri-tian land, settle among heathen, with Mich objeet.s and principle- a- distinguish the emi--arie- of 1'ortugal, should U- b-tt-r treated. There is, in n-alitv, verv much to admire in the Xuiu character. Thev belong to the great Catl're famiK, and -land complimented in history with the remarkable record, " Hi-torv doe- not pre-ciit another instance in which -o much --cnritv of' lit'.' and proper! v ha- IM-CII enjoye that o r any court in Europe, unhesitatingly obeyed, while the lad stood by superintending the joke with great delight. It was pleasant to observe, too, that when the trick was at last found out none enjoyed it more than those who had fallen into the snare. In addition to all their other virtues, they are essentiallv hospitable, and no one needs to carry supplies who travels through their country, except in localities where they mav have been seduced to more selfish customs by intercourse with Portuguese traders. Such a digression in the interest of Zulu reputation 17 2SG SHt'I'ANOA. will lx> pardoned, as it i- of .piite :i- inneh im|w>rtanox that we have ju-t itnpP-.-ion- of the aetor~ in any of the aflairs of real life in colonial region- a- it i- that we have a -imple nt-onl of iivident-. A -iti^'lf, one t<>ri-.|, wnlniiiej ^raml!\. tl-iu- -ofslv !>\-, ati'l tli'Tr are little -jri-en i-Iaml- rfjx'-iiiLT on it- -t::in\ , tramjuil U-.oni. li'vou look northward, In-vond t!i' ii.'ii-', tli-'P- art- th'-re wer<- tin 11 l'op-t- of tropical tree-, ami j..-voiil thf top-t- tin- ma--ive nioiintaiii- o(' Mornnihwa, to\\er- iii'^ ainiil-t \\ liite elottd-, ami liinln-r -till di-tant hill- art- dimlv di-liiml a_raiu-t tin- hliie hori/on. '1 he -nrvr\ ni'j exjMilition o| ''.iptain Os\i-n p-^f.-, and !.iir : .'.l one of their nunil"T under a ndile iaol>ah tp--. Th _ r nve of an explorer, far a'.vav in a \\ild- riie--^ land, -u_-_ r e-i. ,1 \ . rv -ol.-rnn thought- to the ,-i-ioii- ni'-n and the devoted \\o- I.MII \\lio -rood l>v it. Tli'-v inriN' have wondered \\h--ther it \soiild Iw -', l>nt the\- did not know that the -hado\\ of that !.:io!iah tl'ee \\ o||ld \'et I teeollje a doll! ilv -aep-(l -]iot (o tl|e[M; tliev did not kii"'v\ that of their number thi-re -hoiild l>e left eotnpaiiion dn-t t'>r that whieh vear- a^'o had Keen laid there ". ith -orro\v and h-ft in lotieline^<. Aft'-r a t'i w dav-. whieh uep- inijiptveil in uoo.lm^ up with \ tViea 1 1 t.o-iv and li^nnin-vit.-e. the e\]H-diiio|i advanced toward '!',;-. l-'foni S!ni]'aii_ r a t" > -nna the\ -nHereil '_ r P-at annovanee fV'.rn th" - niinj <- ,n-piraev of' -and and -tnpidity --and in the ri-.-T and -tnpi-lit v in tin- Klaek pil-t. Thi- int. Te-t in- indi- \Miti! wa- iiani--d .I-hn S-i or-, a - rf. l\\ ery now and then }.,. r:m !,,. M ; , I;,, 1 ,. -ft " a.'p-Miid. The ineonvi-nietiee and delay ",. r . r-.'..ried f.r in -onie mea-iire, for a time, hy the liidiToii< ; i;,;.:i. i" of hi- a : _'r!" v d niann. r a- h-- vntured the very nn on. '.,-. i'.'. a--.-rt;on, "Oh. thi- i- n-t the way ; it i- l-a^k \..<..], r ' " I; ; , \, -i th, . -ha nn of f.llv i- .-a-ily e\h:in-t-v her, and looked back in wonder and pitv on the slow puffing " Asthmatic," as she came to l>c '.tilled. At Senna they received a mo-t friendly reception. They were, however, under the nece<-itvof landing at Xvarnka, H small hamlet of rocks six miles below, and walking up to the village, as the steamer could not go up the channel along which Senna stands. From the hamlet thev walked along a narrow winding path in Indian file, through a succession of garden? and patches of thorny acacias. The clouds veiled the sun softlv, and the cool morning air seemed peculiarly fitted for the swcei, strange songs which the little birds poured forth in their charm- ing foreign accent. There were many natives passing to and fro the women with hoes going to their work, but the men all carried spears or bows and arrows, except those who had old Tower muskets. Senna looked no more inviting for the tw years of wear and neglect and oppression and war a dull, dilapidated place, where "one is sure to take fever the second day." But the presence of a single really generous and hospita- ble man, claiming the miserable village as his native plarr, measurably redeemed it in the estimation of Englishmen who had been trained to appreciate those nobler qualities which so seldom distinguished the claimants of the country. Senhor II. A. Ferniro's benevolence wa^ unbounded. Xo stranger, how- ever black, was turned awav fro n \\\< door hungry or wcarv. lie had long been the almoner of the people in time of famine. There \vas found a bit of historv in connection with him which illustrates the Lisbon policy a< hardlv kinder to its own people than to those whom thev are taught to oppress. The father of Sejihor Ferraro had been the Portuguese Governor of Senna. and beini; a man of superior attainments and untarnished honor, acquired by the most unquestionable methods verv lanre po~- sessions in land south of the village. The "home" irovorn- ment, asserting that it would never do for an individual to possess more land than the crown of Portugal, took po^ses-qr.ri 2X2 AHHIVAI. AT TETK. of his estate and nit it up into -mall tract- ami apjmrtioned it to settlers. The -on, tlin^li VITV wealthy, hold only an insig- niti'-ant portion of lii- rightful --tatc. This pentleman, in common with other prominent Portuguese irentlemen of the town, welcomed the ex^-dilion, anl all of them freely compli- rnent'-d I >r. Living-tone on hi- ili-ci\vrv of the true mouth of the iioMe river -> near \\hi-h they hail .-pent their live* in i^noramv of tin- error which their ^oyerntnent had ignonintlv or wilfully mnrralotl. From Senna the e\ jMtlitimi amended as far as Tete without sfM-cial incident their ohject li.-in^ to reach that -pot a- ^peedilv a- |Mi^-ilil and anchor, -d their cratt in front, of that frontier villa.."- on the vh of S-pti'inlx-r. Th- Makol,.!.. \\ , re full <( jo\- at th- return ot' tln-ir "lather." They hai!i-d him with f\pre ion- of unlxtiindiil d< -li-jht. |-'i\e of their head men C;MI)'- oil li:ird the -teatiier and li-lem-d in (piiet -. .rrow to the -torv ot pour S-Uvselm'- death. " Men die in anv coiiiitr\," th'-v -aid. and then told ho\vthirt\ of their ( .\\n unmix r had j-oiie \\ith the Uaroiiio -inee they parted uith I >r. Livin^'tone. T\VO year- had clup-wd -mce that |iartin_ r . They had \\aiti-d patienrlv and i-oiifiili-ntlv for the r. turn of their friend. They had not I..1-H pp-vidi-d (or !\ tin- | ', .ft ii'_ r ue-e ^ lycrniut tit , a- hid IM.-H proiuio4il I >i. I ,i\ in_'-'one, and their -utl'eriii'j-- would lia\e |.e]| 4 ye[| Hpire -e\'ere thai) they Wel'i- lillt fof the jM-f-OIKll kindiie lit Major Sii-ml. !'::' the \\aitiii'j wa- over now, and th'-y |,!-,..-.,l alniiit their tried friend with eXpro-imis of love which cheered hi- heart. They .|iiic|Jy carried hi- efoi.d- to the L'"', erniu- .'it hoii-e. -M h-artilv t-nder-'d 1-v the jciieroii- c..m- mandant, and h-j| him tor the tune on!v \\hen they wen -urc that the\ ei.iiM !-to\\ no additional attention. There wa- a u a!t h "f ' ru-t and a Me. 1 1. ,n in t ':.-ir -i tuple jn.nl ni-jht ." and the , -..],.,..; ..,, " \\'e v. ill -1'i-p t.. ni-ht ." mor. than n paid the lar," h- .u ! d. -ell' -a- rifi- in-/ fri.-nd of the race fi.rall hi- toil and an \ ; "< in c. imin-j 1 i< \^ to t In m. \1: \':;'.i, v. i r . and IP j' 1 ' ' d. \\ a- Inn. 'in-..' for r po-c. It tii'i-t hay. li..n a -wii-t th"iijhi th:it lie wa- the ioiie. r C II APT Kit XVII. THK KKHUABASA KAIMIS. The .Journey t<. the KeKralmsa Keltr:iha;i Itanirc (ieneral Appearanee llrciiilili- l're-.sure <>f Water I'ortuijUfStf Ignorance - Hanyai linjioviitii.ii " iMvadt'iil Koiii,'h " a Nielli-Camp Serins A Camp Story The .Mnrninir ( limliiiiL,' Still Sleep of Kxhiiustion Makololo lUtni>t Mount Morninhwa A IVrpetiiul Harrier Return to Tctc Scenes in Tete Superstition The Teaching of Nature -Holiness Christmas in Africa The ('Umax of Ah.snn.li- tie- The lluiny Season The 1't.rtuu'Ue.^e Recourse A Serious Mutter The Help for Fever -The Shire. IT will bo remembered that in descending the Zambesi, in 18o(), Dr. Livingstone turned southward in the neighborhood of the hills, and only eaine to the river attain at 'Fete. He had not, therefore, seen the Kehrahasa rajiids, and such were the reports coneernin"; them that he shared i'nlly the curiosity of his companions, and they resolved to take advantage of the peculiarly favorable opportunity of the Zambesi being unusually low to ascertain their character while uncovered by water. As far as Panda-Mo-jua, about forty miles above Tete, thev sailed along quite comfortably, and looked with admiration on the splendidlv-wooded hills which greeted the eve on either bank. The rapids, which have derived their natm which signifies "finish, or break the service" from the difficulty experienced in carrying all articles of trade around them, over land, to Chicova, are in the midst of the loftv Kebrabasa ra litre, which consists chieHv of conical hills covered with scratrtrv tree.". "This ra ntrc crosses the Zambezi nearly at right angles, and confines it within a narrow, rouu'h, and rockv dell of about a quarter of a mile in breadth, over which large masses of rock are huddled in indescribable confusion. The chief rock is syenite, some portions of which have a beautiful blue tin^e like lay"* fnznfi diffused through them; others are grav. I'lock- of granite also abound, of' a pinkish tinge: and these, with ineta- morphic rocks, contorted, twisted, and tlu'own into cverv i-on- - * THK KHUKAHASA. tvivable position, atlord a picture uf d:-!<><-atiou r nneonforma- bility wliich \\nuld gladden a j^-olu^ieal lecturer's heart; but at lii^h Mo< I thi- ruu_'h channel i- all >nuNiliitl over, and it then conform.- well with the river l^-low it, which i- halt' a mile wiile. In the drv -ea-.in the -tn-am inn- at the bottom uf a narruw and deep trpNivr, \\iu *li.-luil and fluted bv the Ixiiling aetii.n of the water in lluud. like the rims of ancient Mi-tern well- bv the draw-rojM-. The breadth of the groove is ut't.-n nut mure than frum furty t -i\t\ vard-, and it ha- >ume .harp turning", duiible channel-, and little cataract- in it. The rna-t.- "f the ' Ma Ii"lM-rt,' though .-nine thirtv feet hi^h, did not reach the level ut the fli .. * 1 -channel abuve. and the man in tin- chain- -un^ r uiit, ' .\u Ijottoin at ten fathoiu-.' Hn^e |xit-h<>le>, a- lar^e a- draw-wells, had been w rn in the -ule-. ami were .-< d.-ep that in -uine Hi-taint-, \\lnn proteetti] fr<>m tin- -nil bv overhanging buiild r-, the water in tln-m \\a- ijiin. cuul. S..mr ut the-H- hole> had IM i n \\urn ri^ht thruii^li, and unlv tin -id* n--\t tin- r> k remained; while the -id. - uf the ^i\ < \ the tl"- "1-chanin-l we re |M.!i-li.-l a- -niuuth a- if tln\ had ^ujn- tliroii^h jraiiitc-mill-. Tin- prc--ui-.- uf' tin- water nm-t lw e.'iuniiuii- tu jii'Mluci- tlii- |Nili.-li. It had wedded rmind jM-bble- in:-i diink- and crannie- . l"ir_' in cumpanitixi' i^in.i'anci- ..} an ubject of -o nnieh intere-t w hich w a- -< near tin in. All the information w hi.-h .nr friends ob f aiii.-d iV'.m the-e remarkable '(luni-t> wa- that 'three or l-.jr i|. tai bed ru.-k- ju't'-d uiit int'. tin- river at l\ebraba.-a, \\hicli, thull^li dali_ r ' I'l'M- t 1 ' the ell mber-uine natl\c cailues, euij!.| !.. . a.-i!\ pa--' d b\ a -teann r ; and that it <'iie uj- t \\ u uf t!..-..- .ib-fnietiu!i- \\ej-e bla-tec) a\sa\ bv i_Minp<>wdi-r there would U i, . : i; I ! r dilliciilt \ .' " I'.n: t he painful r\ jilurat mn "(' -everal in'. ...:r. iii'-d the parts that thev mn-t pi-paie (i.r mure M- '.: 1. : !i an t ii- \ had ant nip;itiil ; f hat , in fact, the nn-re \ am > i' . -'I "t tli- rapid- wa- a inuiv cuii-nleralile ta-k than th--;r I- lii-'.a! hid be. ii -u;,p..-.d t" be. Th- v t heref, ,re \'f- tiirn-d !u th. !H,.I! and \Si-n! d..-.\n the river f'-r iVe-h -nppln-. \\';,.:, t!.. ;. e,-t ;n,. h-.ra -e..|,d time at I lie f. >t uf t he hill-, t:.' ! I !' a -en.'ii- -ur\e\ <(' the j-, -i^n. It \-, LU BAXYAI IMPOSITION.'*. 2 Q ."> late in the afternoon of Xoveiulx:r 24th. They were indepen- dent of the surly tribes who, ut even so short a distune*-, liv-,l along the bunks and manifested an impudent contempt lor the Portuguese antlioritv. Canoe men never sleep in their canoes at niirht, but build their fires on the shore, and the suspicion-, of the-e dwellers were excited by the uncommon action of the neweomers, and they hailed them with, " Why don't you come on shore like other people?" The Mukololo, who full as independent as their interrogators, replied, " \Ve are held to the bottom with iron; you may see we are not like your Bo/unga." It was no misfortune to be denied the company of the>e Banyai. On their account as much as anything else Dr. Liv- ingstone had felt it imj)ortant to avoid the river, as he was approaching Tete, in his former expedition. Their imposition.-, on travellers are frequently rather severe tests of even Christian patience, and our travellers were glad to avoid them. It is pleasant to give a present, but that pleasure the Banyai usually deny to strangers by making it a fine, and demanding it in such a supercilious wav that only a sorely-cowed trader could bear it. They often refuse to touch what is offered throw it down and leave it sneer at the trader's slaves, and refuse a passage until the tribute is raised to the utmost extent of his means. The morning came, clear and pleasant, and the partv enjoyed for a time quite a delightful shade from the hills on their right; "but before long the path grew frightfully rough, and the hills no longer shielded them from the blaxing sun." The assurances of the guide that thev were in '' the way " seemed like mockery ; the thought of a path in connection with the patches of yielding sand and the luiuy rocks over which they were clambering so painfully was ridiculous; the rocks are dis- located and twisted in everv direction ; it was "confusion worse confounded ; " it may have seemed to them confounded confusion. The first dav's march did not exceed four miles ! and all hands were thoroughly satisfied with themselves, and willing to >top when the hour to halt arrived. A few inhabitants, belonging to a small tribe called Badema, had found homes in this singularly inhospitable region, and - NK.HT IN Till: HII.1>. tlu ir indu.-try had converted the few available hollows into miniature corn ami cotton field.-, ami they have the art of grow- ing their " mapi-u iholcu- .-orguni 1 " on tin- steep slopes of the m->un!ain-. The deep ravim-s are brought into service a> tnijs for /elint-, antelojx-, and other animal-, ly stretching -trong nets ma'le of Uiolmb liark a their narrow entrance.-. Hcing onlv the reiunatit of a triU-, thev are great Iv oppressed hv their stronger nci^lilior-, ami the-e indu-trious jw-ople need to call in Ktmte-jv t" aid tli- in in keeping what thev have, and thev have fall- n upon tli'- plan of converting the m<>-t hidden eavitie> of' th- r-H k- into -t"ii'- hoii-e- ; and having thn- eltideil the rapac- it\- {' their hum, in i*-* thev enntide in the hitter !>:irk in which tip v wrap their in-a-iin-^ to protect them against the fastidious ruiei- and nionk.-v-. \v ho would hut \'r thi- protcctiiin liitten on their eMivinit v. \\lp-n th-- traveller- cnteivd tln-ir domains th'-v had no h'-itati"ii in -:i\ in_ r \< i'v p.i-iti\ t -l\ that tin \ had no-.hin-j. and tin- --.iniv >tore to lie t*nn ohjci-tion made to tln-ir -l'--j>inu r under the tree-, and neither men m.r hea-t.- di>- turln d tip- "rlio. .d iiiiiiil hul -u/-.-t -erinii- th"ii_'ht-, and natnraliv -'a-niied their (iinver- -ati"ii np ire r |e with the " leopard.' '1 he\- knew verv \\ell that ttii^ eriiel and euiiniir_ r em-inv might he <|inte jp-ar them ; rind l!i'>ii_'h t!i>-v were ipij timid np-n. th"-e u( them at lea-t who \\.-re niHi-ed tn AtVi'-an e\p.-rieii'-.- ~li.iiil<| ipit a'e.uiut thein- -i.mdered it' u-i- impnive tin- op|iortunity to jne--. that t!i-\ 'A !' a- dee|il\- ill!-'fe-te<| in f.-.ltH/i \ i . I '< a - ' ' Tt a 1 1 1 Telltnllic tra\ -ll-r- \\lp-n hall drowned l>v an Alriean ram -t"rm \\i-re in <> i\. 1 !, I'i. \\'hil- the a--aiilt- ol' wild animal- w ho i- m>t half killed IPC,\ and t lien. if "i/nr t-- ! nil- v a most extniordinarv noise proceeding from a little glade on their right. The singular sound resembled the confused grunting of a pig, and the suppressed growling of a tiger, and tin- worrying noise of a dog, interrupted with loud squeak ings, snarling* and sudden roars; besides which they could hear a tearing and struggling, a rustling of the grass and a crackling of the twigs, as though some large animals were rolling and tumbling about in a violent manner. (Jims in hand, the excited party crept stealthily along the little glade, until at its termination, amidst an almost impenetrable walling in and arching over of umbrag- eous vegetation, thev saw two lar^e animals struggling and plunging, and tearing each other, and rolling over and over, locked together in deadly combat. The approach of the strangers was unnoticed bv the enraged combatants, which seemed obliv- ious of all else in their tierce conflict. One of' these furious animals was soon discovered to be a large leopard ; all that thev could fix distinctly of the other was a lout; horn-shaped head, tremendous claws, a huge bushv tail and a coat of' shag^v fur. The fury of the contest was dreadful, and thev stood riveted in wonder; before long, however, it was apparent that whatever his antagonist was the leopard must prove victorious ; ami as his huge fangs presently became firmly fixed in the other's throat he succeeded in pinioning him last to the ground. Thev saw that this strange combat had been between a leopard and a powerful ant-bear ; and even while the witnesses levelled their rifles in cautious consideration of t hem-el vc-, thev were con- strained to admire the splendid di^nitv with which the brute arose above his vanquished toe and looked about him, and thev almost grieved to mingle with the triumphant roar which re- sounded through the forests the harsher and deadlier voices of their trusty rifles. Hut not only were stories of ferocious beasts incorporated with star-gazing, geographical discus-ions, and geological examina- tions into the camp-fire life of' the partv in which -uch varied I.*' THK MoKMMi. characters were associated : then- were -trange storks of strange jteoplc: of a strange raev of men onlv three feet high, whom the native narrator " /intronglv impressed with a supjHi>itl identity with the in rM-^ ol' tho-4- tal>u.oti- -tone- whieh have le^nilel the lei-mv ot' men | 'or a_ p e- : and it mav l>e HippoM-d an lioue-t mi-- take or an inn-H-. m vanitv in the poor -lave ol' a Portuguese Uj;L-ler to eontouild him-elf with the hero uf adventures oliler in the tradition- of .\!ri-a than the time of Ilefo.lotu-. The nionniii_ r invanalilv liroiight realitie- \vhieh eha-et of ( 'hijM-rc/iwa, w ho-e p< rpen- dieular roeivv -id<-~, eloihed with mam -e. <} >\;-,\ lieln n-, their 1 ' -i ; u_'M' - i-oinpaiiioii- a. ured th'-m marked the la-t ol-truc- ti'.ii-- I., navigation. Uni the\ had hanlh eonniieuei-*! their lia'-k'A.nd joiirui-v, thinking over what tli<\ had -ei-n and more ii,, j. !.--.! \\ it h the ditlieulty than dignity of |\ . I a-a. \\ hen two nitivi-, \-. h'i inline to their eainp at n;j!i'. a--ni--d them t ha: th !' '.\ a- -! ill in lV' -nt <>f t h- m a < -ataraet .-a!!. .1 Monillihwa. 1 M . I .;'.i!).--t. .n'- and Kirk immediately d'-eided (> take with th'-m thr-- "f th-' Ma!."!"l" and -j" I'-rwaid until tln\ -titled th' '('I- -tion |. ,i t!,. lu-i !ve-, and they wep-e\ -r alterwanl w illing t. . i .fit- th i! i: \\ .1- a- ! .ii.'h a I -it "I t ra\ 1 a- t h- v ever had in Alri-'a. Alt- ! ri'in- pa;n!nl marehllig th- liad- ma guide^ re- SLEEP OF EXHAUSTION. 291 fusod to go further; " the Banyai," they said, " would be angry it thev showed white inm the country ; :ma, was not at pains to enlighten him. At one part a bare mountain spur barred the way, and had to be surmounted by a perilous and circuitous route, along which the crags were so hot that it was scarcely possible for the 2l'2 MfXT MoKl'MHWA. hand t Imlil on long enough t<> tMisurr safety in the passage; nnt i-l' tin- partv lo-t hi* hold lit- would hav.- hurl"! all U-hiinl him into tin ri\ r at tin- foot of the promop- torv ; v.-t in thi- wild hot n-_':.>ii.a- tlnv iltxvml-tl airain t<> the rivi-r, ill- v nil t a ti-hcrman i-i-tin_r hi- hand-m-i into tin- Ixulii:^ iiltln -, ami In- {HiinUtl out tin- i-atara<-t of Moriimliu a ; within an h"iir tin v w.-iv Irving to i:n-a-uiv it from :iu overliiingiiig r.*-h, at a In ijht of aU'tit <>ni- hundred f-et. When V.PII ,-tand fa'-in^ tin- eataraet, on tin- north liank. vmi -i c that it i- -itnatitl in a -iii MI 11 Ix'iul hort nirvc; tin- rivi-r almvi- it i* jainine*! Iwtwi-cii two niomitain- in a chaniicl \\ith jM-rjM-inliculur >iil--, ami I---- than lit't\ \arU \viil-; one or t\v.> ma -- of ri'<-k jut out. ami tln-ii tln-iv i- a -l"|'iii'_ r fall of |x-rli:i|i- tv.i-ntv li--t in a fli-tanii- of thirtv varl-. h \\oiiid -top all navigation. c\<-i-jit durinir tin- hi^hi-.-t tl'i.>.l-; th<- rocks -h'>\\.-.| th;it tin- water then ri-<-- ii|>wanl- of -i^htv fi-. i |>. rj-n- li.-ularly. Still L.I |>iiiL r tin- jio-itioii t-ii-iiiir tin- i-atarart. "ii it- rijht -idi- ri- M"Unt Moruiiilnva, Irmn tu<> thi'ii.-anil l" thni- thi-ii-anil !'' t hi-h. '.\ 'hii-h L'ivr- th- naim- to the -JM.I. ( )n tin- ! ft of iln- i-:i':ir:i' ; -taml- a lint iifzililr mountain which inav 1 < a! \< <\ 'im 'ii- -h:iji 'i. !'! it i- jiarllv i-oni'ul, and a larp' <-nni-a\i- llaki ha- 1 1' ! d nil', a- Lrranitr often i-nd. 'I !,, - v ,JM i,"t a", f.ij.t f " !'< turn l>v th.- u ay tin \ raiii- , nill .--:,',,! t!,. -!.;- ..f ! ! ,. tM'.untaili -n tin n..rth. It t.lv th. in th:---. hour-' hard !:i!c.r in uttinj- th.-ir \\ ay up thr.>u_di tin- A PKKPKTr.U, HA UK IKK. dense tlinrnbush which covered the ascent. The fae of the -lope was ofh'ii about an anijle of seventy degrees, vet tlieir guide, Shokumhcnla, whose hard, hornv ^oles, resembling tho-c of elephants, showed that he was accustomed to this roii^li and hot work, carried a |x>t of water lor them nearly all the wav up. They slept that night at a well in a tnfaceous rock on I In 1 north- west of ( 'hipere/.iwa, and never was sleep more sweet. From what they had seen and felt they were >r. Livingstone had received during hi- fanner ex|x-ditiiM. :u- t> the p..li<-y of the Portuguese ami their ire.'ieral iiitlm-iiiv mi tin- nativo, were n<>t materially altered. The religion- idea- nf thr>- noininul representatives of a ('hri-tian < i\ ili/ati'M) wnv un<|iicstional>ly anything but help- ful t-> a p^.ple aln-ailv Kidlv pven t<> >U|erstition. Neither I >r. I Jviir^-t'iiH 1 ii'ir anv ut'ln> itsw^'iaUrs wen- inrliiutl to ri'ir.in! with lirt-|M-.-t tin- rit- oiixlcinn ino-^t uixjualitiitlly the c'lirourag*'- ni'-nt "f iiativ- iLTii'Taii'-f ami sujnT-titinn, whirli thry couKl not hf!j> uli-.-i-viiii: in even the \vi>r>hi|i <'f th<>-c \\lu> ought tit liavt fi-li tin -ir ifsjMUi-ihilitv in ^unc ili-jrci' ff civilization. A- an illu^- tniti'in of th" 'ipl,-r i if thiiiL r - whii-h prcvaihxl, it i^ inrntioiutl, that, (hiring tin' pn-vali-mv lirin^ rain, l>nt it wmild ii"t oinif. The ('an<-- pad n- <>f T<-t<-, !> -:iti~tV hi- coinpatriot-, appoint' d a pr-M-.--.-i..j| ami prayer- in li<>n<>r <.!' Saint Ant-min f-r the -ainc purp"--. Tin- tir-t atti-nipt did mt aii-wn-. !>ut >n tin- -(< uid IMI-I-I..H. arnm^il t> i-'inc \]' after the neu iim-.n ap|M-artl. a ifnmd ppM'.---.|.iii in the -aint'- In. nor ended in - niueh rain that tin- ri .(' n| tin- K' -idi iieia n. . !!-'- tliat they i".ii!d ii"t help 1..-I i.\ i n L r that if. like the native*, they had taith in rain making, they had t'aith in in't hiir_' .I-,-." hi- d-ed, th-\ '.'! e,.n\-i n ,-,.,l thai. in-t. ;sd ..f -. a(t, r j,,_r thedark- \ J'.iind h"\ .riii'j' nvi-r the mind ..f [he Afri'-an, t!i' nitr.e 1 '. , : tn M |( ..,. l, ;i ,| ihein-elvi- heennie the vi'-tiin- i.f th*' dart. u---. and \\ep- hardlv ],-- the -lavi-- .(' idle faneie< than tin ir -aMe n!.j.et-. Mvi-n in the m.i-f mat ter . ,!-t;u-| a'! : i,r- -it' !;!' th'-y \\ - f. .! ra_'-in L ' t In- d> 'jradin j ehain- 'fv| ) p,. r . -titi.n. Tin \ '.!i!d n-.t plant <..}]'-. he.-m^. th. v l>eli,- v .d fhat h :M inver he happy aftT\\ard. And I >r. THK TKACMIMi OK NATl'RK. 2!).) Livingstone was informal that shortly after his departure for Kel>ral>a>a, a little rise having occurred in the river., and tin- waters becoming tlirbi'l, a native Portuguese gentleman came to the eonunander, ami with a grave eoiintenanee expressed hi- 1'ear that "that Englishman was doing something t<> the river.' And while he was at Tete a captain of infantry was sent a pri~- ouer to Mo/ain!)ijue for administering the innave, or ordeal, and lor putting suspected persons to death on that evidence alone. It was hardly surprising that under such influences the natives \vlio were in contact with white people seemed, as indeed they were, more ignorant and degraded than those on whom no ray from the eivili/ed world had ever fallen. The ama/ing fertility of the minds of these douhlv unfortunate beings in super- stitions was not onlv an occasion of sorrowful reflections and anxious thought, and not onlv an almost insurmountable barrier in the wav of their conversion ; it demanded the most careful vigilance on the part of strangers to their ideas, who desired to avoid giving offence, as certain members of the expedition real- i/ed when thev found, on one occasion, that thev had gravelv ofl'mded the great crocodile school of medicine bv shooting one of those huge reptiles as it lav basking in the sun on a >and- ha ik near the village. Nature 1 alone has dealt kindly with these degraded beings. (lod made nature; it is the shadowy exj)ression of (Jod. It does not teach distinctly, but it teaches truly ; and nowhere is its language more beautiful than in Ai'rica ; and it is an inspiration for Christian xeal in the work of Lrivin'j; the tribes of that unhappy land to know, that even in th. 'depths of their ignorance, and under the influence of' the m.tst corrupting institutions, and the victim- of most deliberate crielty, there are those among these tribes who are not in>en- H'i'ile to the charms of nature. There could hardly have been a ir.ore beautiful answer given than that which one of the Bcchu- anas irave in explanation of the meaning of their word " boilse- faho," " holiness." He said : "' When copious showers have descended in the ni^ht, and all the earth and leaves and cattle are washed clean, and the sun rising shows a drop of dew on every blade of trrass, and the air breathes fresh, that is holiness." The most charming season, if one may be preferred. i< toward the end of summer, when the rains are becoming frequent and A"> CHRISTMAS IN AFRICA. vegetation is resuming its warm eoat of life, whose varied colors distinguish it.- -insular b-antv. At that sea>ou the air becomes clear, inviting the nn-t c\tnd-d L':I/'. a.- if all tiling were proud I v ea^er for di-piav. "The voting foliage of several tre-, more >pfiallv "ii tin- highlands, eome> out brown, pah- D-d, "r j'ink, like the hn--- f autumnal h-.ives in Kn^land ; and :is the leave- increase in -i/- th-v change to a pleasant In-h li^ht ;_ r rc n ; bright \\hite, .-e-.irlet, pink, and vellow Mower- are e\-i-r\ \\ln-re ; and -min- few of dark enni-"ii. like those of the ki^elia, u'ivc warmth "t coloring to Nature'- garden. Manv trees, -n<-!i a- tin- -earlct ervthrina, attraet tin- eve bv the Ix-autv it' their bl "--Km-. The \\ hit<-, t'nll bit mm of the baobab, coming at linn-- In t'oi-e tin- rain-, and tin- -mall and delicate Mower- of otln-r tr< (-. 'jp-iipt d into rich cluster-, deck tin- lop-t. Mvriads of wild lice- an- bu-\- fpim morniir_ r till niL'tit. Some of the ai-i'-i;t< p. .--,-- a |n-'-uliar attraction tor "in- -pe<-ic- of beetle; while the jialm allnr--- otln-r- t-> e.n.^re-jat"- "ii it- ample h-av -. In--<'t- -if all -"I'l- arc HM\V in full t'>p-c; brilliant bnttcrtlic- Mil from M"Wi-r tn flower, and, \\ith tin charming little sun-bird-, which rcpiv-i-nt tin- humming-bird* "I" Anieri tire. Multitude- i.f ant.- ar- hard at \\-rk hunting f, have all ^one, and other kind- have cotne ; the brown kit-- \silh hi- piping like a b'.at-\\ain'- \\lii-tlc, the -pott'-d en- k'Mi \\ith a call like 'pn!a,' and tin- r-'lli-r and horn-bill with tln-ir l"ud hi^h in-tc-, are -cca-imiallv ilistinetlv heard, though ^iierall'/ llii- har-ln-r mil-ic i- hall ilrowtiel in tin- volume of --.\'it -"imd- poup-d 1'irth Irom man\ a throbbing llimat, w hich !:ia!-.- - an Atri'-an ' hri-tma- -ei-m like ail Kngli-h Ma\." No ,S"M'l'!' it -ei-nnd -trance to the I .M_ r li-linn n, \\ li" had alwavs haii'd i'- happv eve wrap[Mi] m tln-ir lli-.<-\- PI|M--, or Ixvidc tin 1 l'!a/iiij laniiiv tir- , "f amnl-t tin- jinglinn; of mcrrv 1. 11- and tin- r;n_',!i_- ol tin n i--r !au_ f lit< r, to hav the dav tin \ loved -o mu'happi irdr---id -<> bn-jhtlv in njavi--t color- ; tin- -injjin^ ii.rd- in 1 -p: i li.:; M/ cnrn and ll"\\ . nn_' plain- \\ n- in tin- plav ! 'in- mantl'- ,,| -nr.\ tin- da\ had alwav- \\orn \v Inn it --aiin 1 Ailh it- ^'ilt- a: id - to tin -in in l'.n_'latid. I'ut it \\a- ii"t a in -.v t'l.ii^ l-T m- ii t" think that everything i- <.,ntrar\ in THE RAINY SEASON. 207 Africa. Hercxlptus only expressed the climax of its absurd iti*^, in his view, when he wrote of the hidden land, "There \v nines its u-ual velocity. Ordinarily the water of the river is sinixularlv pure, and exhibits not the slightest discoloration, except in the fl* >><].-. The former reports of Dr. Livingstone were abnr.dantV c<>n- 18 firm til ly tin- mrmU'rs of the ex|editi"ii, ;i> t<> the agricultural |K*iibilitH* of tin- foil. Thev had brought -oiue tton stxtl with tin-in t.i AlVi<-a, but l"imd th:it. L-ide-. the lii-t that there ua.~ alreadv a >ujM-rir -rade "f ei.ttnii in tin countrv, there was ii" h"|>e "t' in-['irin- tin- I*irtiirut>f natives with auv ich-ua above bloek ivurv and -old du-t. ,.,i.r -,.1.1 -..M- .....M; i:r..-ht :in.| yrll-.w. l.iir! an. I --..].! ; M-'lti-n. /r.ix.n. li.nniii. r. ! .ui'i r'.linl ; H..HV (., L -,-I a!,.| li -|,i (,. I,,. |,1 ; l|...ir.!.-i. l-artrr.-!. l-.-u.-hi .m-l I.! ; St.. !.-!.. l... rr .,u..l. ,jii:in.i. r. .1. .:. -I ; >j.iirn.-| \,\ tii.- y. .mi-. >it liii-.-L-fl >>> tl.i' i.ld '!' tli.- \.-ry \- r.. .,| [I,.- , l.ui -,-i, -\ .ir-i imMilil ; I'r:,--- "1" 111. in-. :i t-rnu.' uut-.M ; .,,i,i k ...i,i -.,i,r L-..M: Had bn'U'jht thfUi t,. tlii- -li.>r t ,. l\\<- ant h> -nt n-~ at IJ-|HIH, like tin- authorities evervu liere, had \\atelnil tin- tantai i/.nr_ r i'_ r ni^ lalnii- "1 the terra iueu^nita .'. liieh all traditinii |>"iniid t". until their t-.n- -i -, ivenna.-t-rtil iv their de-ii-i--. ~. ni'-d t" 1-e tin- ec.nr]u-i"ii~ n|' |ihil(i-i|>hv and thi- t Mini"; iv "f hi-t"r\ . :.nd tin \ ha-ti m |iliir in <-.\-\< TII Afrit-i. and. di-a|iji"ii!ted ni"i-e \>\ their \\ n \'"l\\- and idlein-- than l>\ tin- n .-miree-. ,.(' the enuntrv \\hiejl theV \\i-pe Hi".; !' e! l||-_ r , th'A' \\ile a I 1 '1 1 1 ] '! ! II L r t" eii|ll|ie|l- -.itf t In -iii-e|\ - li>r the di-a|i|niintnn nt \>\ mnvcniii^ tin- ]!-. .-i.-u- bl.-'k ivm-v int.. -"Id. I'.n; -"Id i~ -.-111. and 1'ortu^al liiiind a v. "rid lull "I -vnijiathv !"r her in the ,-,<,,/)/>, ,,j h<-r ili*ifi,i>iiitifntfiit. There \\:i- ii" ju-tilieatinii "f ilu- ree,mr-e. < I .Id ua- iiiii|in-ti"iialil\- plentv. Thev (ill int" the -nare (if tl,"-e \\||,, rnake ha-te t" In- rieli. and tin \veakiie and eon- :en,j,' t" v.liieh their ei.lmiv wa- ii"\\ ndiieed \\a- niily the retillke ,,|' ['ri.vi.lell.-e. The -..Id tl.-ld- h:ld bee|| ('"rleiled, aild th-'lr t ! .i-',ire- i-eiiiain -eeiin- -till t" nward a I>itirr \vis<]n!ii and ! nil r pli liatit In'' >|'\ . < M e,,iir-e the ne\\e,,iner- did ii"t think !' enjux mi: the lull t IP !:t- ..(' \t'rie:in lil'e, ..r ei.iuitin- tin in-i l\e~ t" ha\e a ehum :i all i 1 - irea-iin- \ thin--. ne\v and "!d.l-|iire tln\ had (.!--'l 'h. xj.'difi'iii l.a- \\ritten tin thi- in-j'iring thi-im- \\ith * A SERIOrS MATTKK. master skill. More particularly was lie im pressed with tin- singular effects of this rite of the continent on the mind- of those who were willed on to submit to it. His own elo<|ix nt words, pervaded by a depth of feeling which leaves little dmil.t of the teacher at whose feet he received his impressions, arc a> follows : " Cheerfulness vanishes, and the whole mental hori/on is overcast with black elouds of gloom and sadness. The liveliest joke cannot provoke even the semblance of a smile. The coun- tenance is grave, the eyes suffused, and the few utterances are made in the piping voice of a wailing infant. An irritable temper is often the first symptom of approaching fever. At such times a man feels very much like a fool, if he does not act like one. Nothing is right, nothing pleases the fever-stricker victim. He is peevish, prone to find fault and to contradict, and think himself insulted, and is exactly what an Irish naval surgeon before a court-martial defined a drunken man to be: 'a man unfit for society.' If a party were all soaked full of malaria at once, the life of the leader of the expedition would be made a burden to him. One might come with lengthened visage, and urge as a good reason for his despair, if further progress were attempted, that ' he had broken the photograph of his wife;' another, 'that his proper position was unju>tly withheld because special search was not directed towards "the ten lost tribes." It is dangerous to rally such a one, for the irate companion may quote Scripture, and point to their habitat ' beyond the rivers of Ethiopia.' When a man begins to feel that everything is meant to his prejudice, he either takes a dose of ' ro users,' or writes to the newspapers, according to the amount of sense with which nature has endowed him." It is, however, the deliberate testimony of Dr. Livingstone, that there is a reliable preventative against even African fever, to be found in " plenty of interesting work and abundance of wholesome food to eat," a prescription which may not be de- spised in any count rv. '' To a man well housed," savs he, "and clothed, who enjovs these advantages, the fever at Tete will not prove a more for- midable encmv than a common cold ; but let one of these be wanting let him be indolent, or guilty of excesses in eating or 3<)0 I.iK>KIN; T> T1IK >HIKK. drinking, or have |HM.r, -cantv fir- :ni'l the fever will proba- bly U-o>me a mojv -eriou- mat'' r. It i- of a milder t\pe':it lVte than at Quilunaiie <>r on the !'-w -a -eo-i-t ; and, a- in this part of . \frii-.i "!! i- a- liable t" f.-ver a- to cold- in Kii'jland, it would U- advi-ahlc for -tranj-T- a'-.vav- to ha-ten from tlirc<>a>t to tin- higher land-, in order that \\ IK 11 the -ei/ure doc- take p!a<-e, it niav U- of the mildc-t t\-|>i'. Thi- havinj Ix-cn pointed out \>\ I >r. Kirk, the l'ortu_:u<--r authorities nftiTWiinls took th(^ hint, and - nt th*- next drtaehim-nt ot sdldit-rs at once up to l:e. It itiii.nMitl of eighty ni' ii. and in -jiite of the irrr^nlar- iti-- i-oiiiniittc.l, ni"-t of' th ni )H -in^ of the c!a termed ' incnr- nj-ilile-,' in thnt 1 vear- mdy ten di-d, and luit five of fever." \\ 1th the opening ,,f the l|e\\ Vear the attention of the expe- dition \va- lixeiit a hundred mile- tV"in the sea, The | ', in u_;U'-'' heard of thrir plan- lor aM-emliii'j thi- .-tream with ii-inav ; it \\a- a v. the j, ive IHI n {ound mi n- -urla< e. 1 here \\ere " -uli ro-a " whi-- ]'-r.n_ r - which -il^Lje-letl -nine uneei -taint v \\hefher the iluck- i.v.-d -;.irv \\a- not invented t" conceal the retreat of the I 'ort ll_Mle-e !ie)i i|'e (he |Mii-o||(ll a !To\\ - ( 1 1 ' ( ! I e Hat I Ve-. HoW'Ver r it' mav lie, the re-ide!it- of T'-te could not have IK' n hired to undertake a tin--i"ii up th-- Shire. " < )ur ^VfniiMMit," -aid on- mmandan: to I 'r. 1 .1 \ i n_ r -tone. " ha- - ni order- to a i-t and protect vou ; !iut sou ^M \\ hej-e \\e dare noi |ollu\v,and h<>w e.in -A i pr-.T'-'-t \i>u .' ' \..tli:ir_ r r> m:tiii<*d ti> In done in another (!,!', .:i, a- th'-v had .lei-id-'d to \\.ut (oj- a -tr-'irjer l>"at '" f'-r-- Rf.'-riii'Mn/ to fore.- the |\.-lir.il>a-a rapid-. l inj -ati-fied that ihe " \\ \. I,'" K'l-t " \\a- uiie.jiia! to the und rt a !. i \\. r . Thi-reti.rp th'-v - ' out in .laiMiarv , 1 v ")'.'. "ii t h<-ir lir-t nip up the Shire. CHAPTER XVII I. THK SHIRK. % Mouth of tht> Shire Difficulties Vanish" F.nirlishman "Shire V alloy Afri- can Swamp Livingstone's Art Mount Moramhala .Mountain Village ('hikanda Two Pythons Purtmed hy a Buffalo -The Steamer A Sinking Ship No Note of Time Tin- Musician Hippopotamus Traps Shire. Margin's Water-fowl !'.ites and Vultures Forest of I'ulin Trees Island* of ihe Shire An I'nhappy I'hief Village of Chihisa Chihisa Luke Shirwa Sympathy of Fools Discovery of Lake Shirwa lie-turn to the Ship F.xpcdi- tion to Lake Nyassa Manganja Hills Village of Chilimba The Manganja People Airriculture C'otton Maniifartures Iron < >re Native Tradi The l'pper Lip Rinu' Beer Prinking Drunken Villages Love of Home The Muave Again Faith Nyassa Discovered Return to Tele. SAILING do\vn the Zambesi amidst scenes which are always strange and wonderful to those whose imaginations have onlv had the training of northern climes, passing many points which they could not call familiar, though they were not new to them, the expedition turned into the river whose bar of duck-weed or hedge of poisoned arrows had kept the secret of its wealth and wonders so securely against the feebleness and irresolution of the Portuguese, and were pleased to find deeper though nar- rower water than they had Ictt. ( >n their right hand, not far from the river, stood the stockade of Mariano, one of those villanous half-caste marauders whose unscrupulous barbaritv justified the native saying that "God made the African and (Jod made the white man, but the devil made the half-castes," a conclusion which the most /ealons defender of Divine sovereignty, who ha- had experience with them, does not feel called on to question. The residence of this man may go fur toward explaining the suspicion with which the natives under Tingane had regarded all approaches from the Zambesi. Their poisoned arrows were in constant demand in protecting themselves from the slave-yoke which he handled with a cruelty which mu-t have been very exhilarating to his supposed creator. And the knowledge that he repiv-eiitcd a 3V2 MTFI ri.THls VANISH. sy-tem intruduo-d 1\ \\hite nii-n naturally led the tril>es t> asso- ciate every lighter -hade tlrui their own dark skins with the eviU \vhii-h thev kin -w att nd-d tin- dominion of the >tockade. It was natural eii"ii_ r h, then, t'-r the-e jMij|e to apjN-ar in fonv :j th- Uird' r "f their territory t<> iv-i-t the approaches of the " pulling ami Ii!"\\in^" HI-HI-NT that the " ( )K1 A-thmatie" utxjuotionahly -eeim-d t" them t- l>e. Thev may have thought tliat the re-'ilute en-at'>r had tak-u in hand to do in jK-r-on the \v..rk which hi- faithful ereat lire had lailrd to aeeoinpli.-h. ami it \V:L- tiuu- f'r th'-iu \ put firth all ihcir prowe^< if thev woiiM ftill IM- fViT. I >r. Li\-iiiL r ~t'iiif did not hoitatr to ^o on !>hv tin- a. uranci- that thev d-ind no *!av<-, Imt milv ti "p'-ii a \\av liv \\liich their eountrvnH-n nii^'ht cc.ni'' I" |iiirclia-- c.itt.iii. i\- ( irv, c.ini, etc., went lar t'f.vard allaying th- ir appri li> -n-ioii- and \\innin^ th'ir (Vi-nd- -liip. Ill'- il,|ii-t, Ix'iii'j (> prl-, and lh<- ii'itun- ni- pHK-livitv of tin- ra'-e to all -rf- "f trade and l-art-T aid-d tin- argument n.> li'.rl--. There W:L- t'"iind al-i a genera 1 1> lie)' in a Supreme It-inland in tin- eontinnel e\i-t-ini' of departetl -pint.-; and th-Te W:L ii" dith'-ultv in nlitainin^ their attentidn i. " the R.l< " uhi'-h aid'-d ~'i niiieh tip- de-i'_'ii- ><{' friendliness everv- \vhen-. Sii'-h method- ,,f dealing with them \\i-re :L- -trance to th rude m< n a- \\a- the tremendous crafl \\hicli l>ru_:ht (hern, and tin- poi-oned arrw- K.-caine a- harmlf-- ai the ll>at- IIIJ d'leK \Vee.l. The L.,\\e|- Shire flo\\-- tlip'UL r h a valh-v varvin-j in lireailth f: .MI fen j.i tv/eiiTv mile- an exceedingly |..\\- and -\\amp\- r< j.' in ; pi-t -u el i a ci iiml rv a- in < < 1- t< I -ei-n ;tt all -r:i-< >n- ( ear. A fr'pic;il -\\amp, it -'-en onlv whi-n -corehttl and v/it-.-'d !. th-- ra\ - -if' a -un \\lm-e Imrnini; hrillianev alni'^t ;i-f:ti'- the a".e \\ith \\liieh it m-pip- Ma-ti rn wop-hipperx, !. is- app'-ir il.-.ilate :md fur-aken, and -n^-j> -t - rimi- fhnii^ht.- i !" the i.it'- r ila\ . I ! i :i t h>- \\ < ir-e -e;i~i.n -till, \\ !i. n the ^niiind i- 'lr\in_' and 'h-- m reiir\ i- jnidii.dlv n-m-j- in the -hi-- \.iii car:' 1 .-. th'M th'i' ma\ -'-in !" I"- flitting '\ir\\\h-re mo-t A TKOI'ICAL HWAM1'. .,0.", dreadful torturers, and the pulse will engage the attention alx>ve all possible charms of external nature. Hut when the frequent rain* refresh all tilings, and cloudy canopies are often spread over tres and flowers, and the sun seems resting from its ire, then the wealth of foliage and flowers and fruits, the melody of birds whoso various hues present a museum of colors, and the lifefulness of every creeping, swimming, crawling, cn'mbing, leaping and strolling thing, from ants to elephants, rivals the most wonderful fancies which are wrought into the primitive abode of man. Thus we may appeal to the seasons for the explanation of the difference between the ple:isant pictures drawn by Dr. Livingstone and the mournful, wail-like lan- guage! of Mr. Rowley, who could onlv see ''swamp, swamp, swamp reeking, festering, rotting, malaria-pregnant swamp." It is very much pleasanter to settle the question between two men by the sun and clouds, than bv bringing the " liver" into it. Indeed, one of the special charms bv which Dr. Living- stone secured the attention and deepened the interest continually with which the eyes of the world followed him in his wander- ings was his capacity to find pleasant things as well as painful ones. He enables us to look on the world as it is. He did not hide the fact that there were ills in Africa. The man would he a ''natural" indeed who should dream of ease and luxury with his narrative in hand. But he did not tail to observe the good for which men might dare to confront the ill. If a man mu.-t scorch with fever, whv should he not see a flower? If he must encounter suspicion and sometimes be in peril of his life, whv should he not record the kindness shown him and observe the beauties which no blemishes should conceal, the excellencies of character which divide dominion with what we hate? The object of Dr. Livingstone, as a man and as a representa- tive of the British imvernment, was not only to explore the river and examine the country ; that alone would have In-en an idle enterprise, and unworthy of his Christian /eal and of the Kntjlish name. He was commissioned also to engage the friendlv regard of the tribes, and cultivate such an acquaintance with them as might facilitate any subsequent enterprises of church or state in their midst. lie needed, therefore, to be exceedingly careful that, with so large and varied ;> "oinpany ns ?,O4 Mol'NT MoKAMUAl.A. IK- lurrittl, nothing .-hoiild !* done whieh might frustrate his .le>ii:n. 1 lit- aiixioii- throng- who lined the hanks of the river, pi/.iii'j on tin 1 >traii;je "i-uii'M 1 tull ot -tran-je people passing hv tin-in, were ignorant ami (ii^radtil a iVi>m the river whieh ri.-es four thousand ! . t ahovr tin- -ra. The Ixild. |>rrri|titt it- ni'-nun.; hhadous toward the Shire, eheri-hed a in^ vc^i-tati"ii, hnt n-pelletl all thought of a-eent hv reatnn - than thi- monkeys \vhieh jilavi-d at hide and -e-k from toj> to iMittom, zilliiii; away attention iV-'in th<- .-inu r '.: !ar-l"okiiiL r horn-hill, \\ho~,- dr.-a-lt-d d.atti i- h.-!ii-\rd to ;iilli.-t the whole land \\ith cold, the lnmh< rin_ r rhinin-cro-, ainl IxMiui- lul ra'-in^' antd' I|H--, hv their <|tn-< r eapiT-. Snn-lv if nn>n are -prun/ tr-'in inonk v- the ni"-t elo\vni-h i- ni-ar--t in tin- line. 'l!i-ir in-i- ant ^amlMillin^ and chattering attraet the attention \.n ot' the native-, \\h", df-pite n--w ^rud^f- tln-v n- :u Iv alwav- o\v.- th'-ni on aei-oimt o|' tln-ir ]ilnnd< i' d garden- and t'n-'d-, eannot r--i-t tin 1 ta.-i-inati"n ot their eoinieid ei-ecntrieiins. '1 It-- -oiitlp'ni <-:id of thi' mountain, -<< n ti'"in a di-tanee, lia^ a I'm'- gradual -!"(>. and half wav up a -mall village wa- p-ep- ini_' out o|' tli'- fo!ia_ r -. Thi- at inovpl), |-,. ( ;i ~ - IP in, ,,f' the jiartv a-'-i nd'-!i, and -'mi- pllM apple ti<-. thuiijli tin- la!!, r had IM.II p!anf--d th'-n-. I'ut tin - happv and tVi'-ndl\ n-id''lit- "f the uinmit. a!i"Ut uhi'-h fri'-ndlv i-l. .ud- n-t'd h-n all tin- plain >\ i- -...]-. li.-d, .-In -I-;- I,m _ r t h'- < - h> :< -t fruit-. I " t'>P tin- !at. r \ i-Jts i>{ Li vin_ r -t' 'I!-- t" tip ;r do in. -. had ln-i-..m. il,. \ i, tim- .,(' \Iari- uii", and Kid I.e. n i.>ar!v all '-ai'ih-'l aua\ t'l-m tle'r liappv I'M -d-. m. ru. !t j. - or ' i ' a//: n.' ' -u! a '.\ . a' ^ 1 > .nda-_'<- i u -oinr !ar a n a\ ! ii , . 1 ^ -. ', ! k !!'.'. -, and uil! n-' f.ii-^'t t!i. ir h:-t..r\ TIIK SHI UK VALLKY. .'iOo Looking from Mornmbalu across the tongue of hind which lies between the Shire and the /ambe>i, there were seen a few clninj>s of palm and aeueiu trees, and herds of game s\ hich might have tempted Mini rod to pitch his tent there in contentment. Near the northern base, there was bubbling up a little boiling fountain readv lor eggs or meats, and capable of doing its work thoroughly enough, to the sorrow of such unlnckv creatures -M chanced to select it for their bath. Beyond Morambala the Shire comes winding through an extensive marsh. For maiiv miles to the north a broad sea of fresh green grass extends, and is so level that it might be used ior taking the meridian altitude of the sun. Ten or fifteen miles north of Morambala stands the dome-shaped mountain Makangn, or ( 'hi-kanda ; several others with granitic-looking peaks st retell away to the north, and form the eastern boundary of the valley; another range, but of metamorphic rocks, commencing opposite Senna, bounds the valley on the west. After steaming through a portion of this marsh, they came to a broad belt of palm and other trees, crossing the line plain on the right bank. Marks of large game were abundant. Klephants had been feeding on the palm nuts, which have a pleasant, frnitv taste, and are used as i'ood by man. Two pythons were observed coiled together among the branches of a large tree, and were both shot. The larger of the two, a female, was ten feet long. They are harm- less, and said to be good eating. The Makololo having set lire to the grass where thev we're cutting wood, a solitary buil'alo rushed out of the conflagration, and made a furious charge at an active young fellow named Mantlanyane. Never did his Meet limbs serve him better than during the few seconds of his fearful flight before the maddened animal. \\ hen he reached the bank, and sprang into the river, the infuriated beast wa* sea reel v six feet behind him. Towards evening, after the day's labor in wood-cutting was over, some of the men went fishing. They followed the common African custom of agitating th water, bv triviiiLT it a few sharp strokes with the top of the fjshinir-rod, immediatelv after throwing in the line, to attract the attention of the fish to the bait. Having caught nothing, the reason assigned was the same as the reader would be likely to jrive under like circumstances, namelv, that "the wind made " I.AKK OF Mll>." the fi-h cold, and thev wouhl not bite." Many gardens of inai/.e, pumpkin- and tobacco fringed the marshy bunk**, be- longing to native* of the hill-, who come down in the drv K.ii>on, and rai-e a crop on part- at other time* flooded. While the crop- are growing, large ijuantiliis of ti-h are caught, :-hietlv ( 'diriii* en ^< .><.< and Mttyil .Ijricnntui j thev are dried f.r *al- or for future consumption. Farther up, tln-v pa-.-ed a deep -tivam about thirtv vard* wide, tlo\\inir in fro in a UM!V of OJK-H water -everal mile* broad. NumU-r- of nn-n \\eiv bn.-v at different part- ot' it, tilling their cuii'M-^ \\ith the lotu- root, called A/////'/. \\hich, \\hen Uiih-d or roa.-ted, re*einble- our chc-tnni-, and i- extensivelv u-cd in Atrn".i :L- tood. < hit ot tin- l:igooii, and bv tin- -tn-ain, the chief' jial'l o|' the dm k\Veed o)' tile Shil'e tlo\\-. The lagiMHJ i:--lf i- called Nvanja ea Motope i Lake ot' M ml . It i- al-o numed Nvanja I'augoiin Little Lake, \\lule the elephant marsh ^-.- bv the name ot Nvanja Mnknln .(in-at Lakei. It I- evident tVollI the -ho|V line -till to be ob-elVed oil tile adja- cent hill-, that in am-ii-i.t time- the-e were real I v lake-, and tin- traditional name- thu- piv-erved are onlv another evidence a da I '.and- ira, in an otlieial li-tter to the ( iovernor- (ieuiTal of Mo/amlm jiie. m hi- patriotic anxntv to prove that 1 >r. Li\ ill_ r -!o|]e did Hot di-eoVer /.'// A (/'/''/, '(Hole- a- the on'v inform. ifioii tin- am-p-nt archive- ot' Li-bon can di-clo-c, that the people of' Senna held commercial intercourse with the people on Mofambala, and of eoiir-e, a- In aver-, mii-t have -ail'd info the little and '_Teat mar-he- or N\an|a- reicrnil to :i\>\ ' . No -,\ . .nd> -r that a--umpt \\\ exhibiting at once -. i mm h fa!-- m -- and i_'in.rane.- \\a- rather a -!ram on tin- Ion j-nH'enii_ r ot th. man -A ho had -o patienflv o\ . rcoine tin- trcinendon- ol'-'a- ! - '! di-tatn-e and danger- in brin^'MtL' tin hidden regions t.. th, km-v -d " ..f th. . i\ili/ed u.,rld. 'I h. i hail!:- 1 eont nmd ijuit'- u' I. bill tin- lilt!, -teann-i. \\ hn h ' L' . I.. id !!!_' I foi e |, ,und to 1 >e a i_ r ram I htindui-j, ^:\\ 'i.'ln -m h an amount "t troiible, and e<>n-Uinci| -m h s of time, for which, however, they censure a people who took " no note" of the commodity, among whom it had no "tongue.' 1 It was their misfortune, not the fault of the natives, that they held their notions of expeditious work in the midst of men who recognize no other reason Ibr being in ;i hurrv except the neces- sitv of escaping with life from an enemv. Thev could not be condemned because thev did not know the value of monev, and eared too little for the advantages of a market to be eager about selling food. They were willing enough, but did not see why thev should make haste. The state of eager competition which in America wears out both mind and body, and makes life bitter, is here happily unknown. The cultivated spots are mere dots compared to the broad fields of rich soil which are never either gra/ed or tilled. Pity that the plenty in store for all, from our Father's bountiful hands, is not enjoyed by more. Rice was sold at wonderfullv low rates, and when they chanced to come to villages where the people were eager to trade, they could not puivha-e a tithe of that which was brought to them. This \vas particularly true of their experience at Mbona (10 W W S."| While anchored at this village, they were serenaded in the evening bv a native minstrel, playing his quaint tunes on a species of fiddle with one string, and singing strange, wild, unmusical songs, who told some of the Makololo "0* TIIK N*Tri:N.\I. Ml >[ IAN. that Fir inteiid*-'_ r -. he \\:i- a-ked if he wa- not afraid of jH-ri-hin.: from ',.1.1 ; I. in, \\ith the genuine -pint of an Italian or^an-^rinder. he replied. "Oh. u" : I -hall -|M'inl the niL'ht with rnv \\lute ei lairade- in the ln_ r tiiiH'e; 1 haveottiii heard of the \\hite in- ii, hut have never -een tin tn till now, and I mu-t -in.; and plav \\ell to them." Sneh a priipo.-itioii \\a- dr-adful. The -;tua:i"ii wa -erioii-. a- \\lio niav not iina^HM' \\ho ha~ l>'--ii r" >i-d "t hi~ neide.1 ~!ii!iil'er li\ the iiiK-ltirual knight- <>l the iini-e who inli-t all eoininiinit ie-. It \\a- an o--a-i"ii deinaii'linj ae:i,.n, and the trea-nrv* \\in- ojM-iuil a." eaj- i'lv a- ii t -ati-t\ th" -'.vet..u* d.-iuand- <'t' an e\t< .rt i< 'iiate rliirf, and th-- few \ard- "! e!.,th \\i-rc con-idered \\ill ~|nt \\ ill' il \\efe IIlV-ted III 1>'1\ lll_ r the ei ill rt ec ill- Vl-:t"r "|T Irolll lll> |.Ur|M,-e. A r:in_'-- <>f hi!!-, i-oitiiiH-neiiii; o|i|,.,-i!,- Si-nna. etne- t. \\ it hin t\\o or tin-.--- mill - .it' M'I .MI i \'i!!.i_"-. and then run- in a ii'-nli \\e-i. -rl\ diri-*'tioii ; [hi- jinneijial lull i- named Ma!a\\ ; a i.uin- \ r "t vdia/i - -tand "ii ;t- trei-i-ovi-n-*! -id< -, and e. ,;d i- loiind T"j>|-in_' "Hi in the PM-K-. 1 he coimtrv improved a- tlnv a-e! nd' d, the rii-!i \allev l-i-oiiiin^ ! -- -\\ atnp\ . and adorned U it h a UllIllIxT of tree-. I"tii hank- \\ep- d"tti d \\ith hippopotainii- trap-, over -VTV tra'-k \\hieh tln-e animal- ha\e made in 'j"in_ r n]> out "t the ua'er t" _ r ra/'-. I h-- hippopotami^ t<-. d- "ii L'ra~- aluiie. and, a> ! like a nio\\ nij-maehiiii-, and form a pat h < >l -h"i't r> <\ >|" d _'!-t-~ a- it I'-d-. It i- ti'A-T -''u in rat a'piatie plant- nr rerd-. I he tu-1.- - m \\i-apon- ..t' ii.,r!i i.lV'-ti'-e and d- li ii'-e. 'I In hip- p"p'''amu- ti'ap emi-i-l- o( a ln-am h\'- or -i\ li-< t 1'iiij, ai'iin d A .1 !i a -par ic id or har- 1 - v. 1 -pi i.' , e. .\ . n d u :t h ] " :- in, and fc i -::; I 1 ' a ! irk'-d IM .1- I ,\ a e, >rd, v. ii i'-h. "linn- di ,\\ n t. > I I th- ; pi'ii. i- !i- M i.s a i'. !i. t" l-e -! fr. u h- n lh !> a-l 1 1". ad- "ri :' . I'. ..-". a 1 ". In ut- -. t h-A' are -till verv inim- i'i 'ii-. ( >n.- j-<: r'i ; ;h*. n- d ' '. :he -hip a- -lie \\ a- -f. aminj elo-i- |, i h-- hank . 1. n i ". ' ' i -i .11 i ' m- !.i d ' 'ii -h'ire, and ran d ; r < t ! v n:id' r a t : i p. -\ K> u . i . \ ;i . .im- t h- In a\ \ l-am mi i 1 - l-aek. dr>.::,.' th- p : "M- d -p-ar h- ad a f""t d- - p into if- tl.-!i. h, itA agony it plunge*! hack into tin 1 river, to die in a few hour-, uiul afterwards furnished a feast for the natives. Tlic poion on the sjH'ar-heJul docs not affect the meat, except the part around the wound, and that is thrown away. In some places the de- scrnding beam is weighted with heavy stones, hut here the hard, heavy wood is sullicieiif. A few miles ahove Mhotna thev came t<> the village of the chief of the country through which they had heeii pa-.-ing. Tin<;ane was an elderlv man witli grav hair, tall and well made. The excited demeanor which was natural on his fir-t acquaintance with white people wore away with his observation of his new friends, until in the later visits he could be recorded among the hospitable and open-hearted men of the continent. Some miles to the right from this village could be seen Mount Clarendon looming up in conspicuous grandeur, and further to the northwest the Milange ran ire, which send forth from their shadows the river Rue, which flows into the Shire just above the village. Onlv a short distance 1 above th. 1 confluence of the Rue came Klephant Marsh, with its fabulous herd- of this royal beast. Eight hundred were counted in a single herd. Thi- was trulv a wonderful scene, besides the enormous herds of large animals everywhere to be seen. "The Shire marshes support prodigious numbers of many kinds of water-fowl. An hour at the mast-head unfolded novel views of life in an African marsh. Xear the edge, and on the branches of some favorite tree, rest score* of plotuses and cor- morants, which stretch their snake-like nocks and in mure ama/e- ment turn one eye and then another towards, the approaching mon-ter. Bv and bv the timid ones he^in to tlv off, or take 1 headers, ' into the stream ; but a few of the bolder, or more com- posed, remain, only taking the precaution to spread their wings readv for instant flight. The prettv ardetta ( ILrmHit^ bubnlcn*}, of a light yellow comr when at rest, -but seemingly of a pure white when flying, takes wing, and sweeps across the green grass in large numbers, often showing where buffaloes and ele- phants are bv perching on their backs. Flocks of ducks, of which the kind called 'Soriri' \DenJrocygna pcrxonnfir] is most abundant, Iteing night feeders, meditate quietly by the small lagoons,, until startled by the noise of the steam machinery. >1'J FOKIXF <)F I'AI.M TUKKS. 1'elieans glide over the water ratching ti-h, while the S-opus (Xfvjy/ux uiiJirfttu) and large heron- peer intently into pools. The large blaek ami white -pur-winged goose (a constant ma- rauder of native garden-- -pring- up, and circle- round to find out \\hat the disturbance -an U'. and then -et tie.- down again with a -pla-h. Hundred- of Linongolo- ( Anaxfoinu* ItnmUi- (jcrn* ri-e on the u in_ r from the clump- of reeds, or low tnt-s I the tJH'hinuini'nii. t'roni which pith hat- are made i, on which thev build in oilonie-, and are speedilv hi'_ r h in mid-air, ('harming little red and vellow weaver- i Tim; iiln ) remind one of butter- flies, a- thev llv in and out of the tall gra. , or hang t" the month- of their pendent m-t.-, chattering bri-klv to their mate- within. Kit*- and vulture- are lui-v overhead, beatini: the ground tor their n-pa-t of carrion : a nd the -olemn-looking, -tat* -ly--tep|iiii'j KlammgiH's, with a ta-te f!r dead li-h. or men, stalk -lowly along the alnio-t -tau r nant channel-. (irotip- ot mm and U.v- are -can-hing diligently in vari'-u- place- tor lotu and otlur pit-. Some are standing in canoe-, on the \\eid- covered ji"iid-. -pear m 'j ti-h, u Inle other- an- punt in/ o\-< r t he -mall mter-eet ni._ r -t p am- t> > examine their -unken li-h-ba-ket-. " T. ' a I'd- '\-.iiiiiLr, hundred- "(' prett v little ha\\ k- !:'/>/ flirt >- y /'.- r. #ji> r*in".i are -e. n living in a -oiitherlv direct ion. and |rei|m_r i,n (|ra'j"ii-tlie- and liwii-ts. I hev come, ajipan-ntlv, t'roni re-tiii'j .-n the palm-trei-s during the heat j>.< an- then al.-o on ihr winjr, and in --an-h <,( t'id, ploughing the \\at-r with their !"\\'.\> ra!!\- of a heerth! /re. n, an i'\ -ta! broken ; and thi- i- -o ofi. n the c.T-e in Atti'-t that -.iie .an gu* -- jiretty nearlv at -ight \\heth.r ISLANDS OF Till: SIIIHK. 311 a range is of the; old crystalline rocks or not. The TWassus, though not an oil-bearing palm, is ;i useful tree. Tin- fibrous j)iil|), round the large nuts, is of a sweet, I'rnitv ta.-tc, and is eaten bv men and elephants. The natives bury the nuts until the kernels begin to sprout ; when dug up and broken, the in- *ide resembles coarse potatoes, an. Sticks, a foot long, are driven into notches in the hard oiit-ide of the tree the inside being soft or hollow to serve as a ladder; the top of the fruit-shoot is cut oil', and the sap, pouring out :ir the fresh wound, is caught in an earthen pot, which is hung at the point. A thin sliee is taken oil' the end, to open the poivs and make the juice flow everv time the owner ascends to cmptv the pot. Temporary huts are erected in the forest, and men and bovs remain bv their respective trees dav and ni_dit ; the nut-, fish, and wine being their sole food. The Portuguese us" the palm-wine as yeast, and it makes bread so light that it melts in the mouth like froth. ''Above the palm-trees, a suceessiou of rich, low islands stud the river. Manv of them are cultivated and grow mai/e at all times of the year, for we saw it in different stages of growth : some patches ripe, and others half-grown, or just sprouting (i "t of the ground. The shores are adorned with rows of banana- trees, and the fruit is abundant and cheap. Manv of the reedv banks are so intertwined with convolvulus, and other creepers, as to be absolutely impenetrable. Thev are beautiful to the eve, a smooth wall of living green rising out of' the ervstal water, and adorned with lovely flowers; but so dens* 1 that, if capsized in the water, one could scarce! v pass through to land." The village of Mankokwe, an unhappy, suspicious man, who divides the paramount dignity of the sect ion with Tin^ane, offered- no hospitality, and, sailing bv the confluence of the Moanza, the expedition east anchor opposite the village of ('hibisa. This village, on the southern bank of the river, crowns a perpendicular bluff of stratified sand, quite sixty feet high, and covered with verdure. From this elevated spot the view comm inded extorted 312 THK ( HIKF CIUHISA. exclamations nf delight from the mnt imlilTtTcnt. Tho noble rivrr winding awav toward tin- X;iinl>i>i, twining alxmt hnndrvds (t verdant i-laml-. laving i_ ri 'ntlv the ^ra--v hank-, ami catching tin 1 -hado\\- of the -pl.-ndid tree- ; thevallev, al-o, eo\vivd \vitli its marvellous \\i-alth nf f.>re-t ^r\vth ami animal life; ami fartluT awav mountain on mountain ; then, looking northward, their vi-i'in IcajM-d aloti^ the -ummit* nf the numerous ranges of tli.- highland-. Tin- liii-f of tin- villa^- wa~ a n-markalilv -hrcwd man, ami thf ni"-t intellip'iit rliii-t', l>v far, in this ijuart'r. A jjrrat la:n- . I ! ua, iiioivnvi-r. a firm In-H.-vi-r in the di\'ine ri'_rht of km 1 .:-. He \\a~ an onlinarv man, he xuut din-etlv he ^ucccttlcd to the hi^h <'lli'-c h,- \\:t~ < , .\\~>-\, .11- <.(' ]><>\v. r [ia--in_ r into hi- he;i<1 aii-1 \va lii- hae! v ; h.- f It it enter, ami kne\v that lie wa- a chief', rloiliri] \\ith authority and p. --etl nl' \\i-i"i;i; and JH-.,J,I,. tli, -i l..-_'an t" fear and rrvrrrmv him. He m.-nti..n d this ;i , .,!). would a tii'-t of natural hi-tory, any tloijlit lin^ ciiiite out . if the (jii'- i"ii. Hi- [Miijilr, t"o. iM-lii-vit] in him, lor th'-v ltath.il in the riv.-r with-nit the -li-ht.-t t'ear "t" eroeo.lile-, the ehi.-t' havin_' jtlaecd a powerful im-dieini- there \\hidi jro- tei-j.-d tliem. !!' -'lit out t u o in. ii to invite 1 >r. I/iyin^-tonn to drink l r with him ; Imt the -"trainer was atiove their coin- jir'-h-n-:ou, th'-v e,,uld not euiifront -ueh an apparition, and, -h"iitin_ r th'' invitation from a di-tanei-, they abandoned tip ir eano.~ and mad' t"f the -hore \\ith amn-nrj earne-tm--. Tip- ni" t e.,n-pieii,,u- indtl-try ot'th- plaee \va- the mannfae- tMr- "t eii!t..ii a'->-"!'din_ r to the primitive method-, uhi'-h havf m lint nii'-d t !i.-ir dominion ^randl '.while ot her land- have wit - ii' ' 1 an -ntire revolution in -'.eh matter-. I h- ni' n rm^ht (> -ii -:' t ;M_' il < .nt lM-il v eli-aiiin/, -<>rt in_ r , -pmniirj and weav- ing. It -A i- ;h'!i. a- al'.\av-, a-v t" o!,-.rv th>- intllli'tiee :\ th<- | f an int'-l!i'_"'iit and t h'Hi_'ht t'nl ehief: th.-y w.-ri- tii"!-.- -!,.!..;- :t 'id fri'-mllv and mop- readiK njipn^-iated th -jiirif arc 1 |>!an- of tic- \s !;;! ni'-n. " I .. i\ ;!..' ! IP- V.--.-1 i'pp..-ife ( 'hilii-a'- villa^-', I>r-. I.iv'r it.'ii.- and Kiik. and a innn!"r of the Mak-.l,,],,. -titrted on f-o! A SERIOUS QUESTION. 31 ;{ for I^ike Shinva. They travelled in a northerly direction over a mountainous country. The people were far from Iwing well- disposed to them, and some of their guides tried to mislead them, and could not l>e trusted. Masakasa, a Makololo head man, overheard some remarks which satisfied him that the guide wo* leading them into trouble. lie was quiet till they reached a lonely spot, when he came up to Dr. Livingstone, and said, 'That fellow is had, he is taking us into mischief; my spear is sharp, and there is no one here, shall I cost him into the long grass?' Had the doctor given the slightest token of assent, or even kept silence, never more would any one have been led by that guide, for in a twinkling he would have been where 'the wicked cease from troubling.' It was afterwards found that in this case there was no treachery at all ; but a want of knowledge on their part of the language and of the country. They asked to be led to ' Xyanja Mukulu,' or Great Lake, meaning by this Lake Shirwa; and the guide took them round a terribly rough piece of mountainous country, gradually edging away towards a long marsh, which from the numbers of those animals we had seen there we had called the Elephant Marsh, but which was really the place known to him by the name 'Xyanja Mukulu, 1 or Great Lake. Xyanja, or Xyanza, means, generally, a marsh, lake, river, or even a mere rivulet. "The party pushed on at last without guides, or only with crazv ones; for, oddly enough, thev were often under great ob- ligations to the madmen of the different villages; one of these honored them, as they slept in the open air, bv dancing and singing at their feet the whole night. These poor fellows svm- pathi/ed with the explorers, probably in the belief that they belonged to their own class ; and, uninfluenced by the ircneral opinion of their countrymen, they really pitied, and took kindly to the strangers, and often guided them faithfully from pi aw to place, when no sane man could be hired for love or money. " The perseverance of the partv was final Iv crowned with suc- cess ; for on the 18th of April they discovered Lake Shirwa, a considerable body of bitter water, containing leeches, fish, croco- diles and hippopotami. From having probably no outlet, the water is slightly brackish, and it appears to be deep, with islands like hills rising out of it. Their point of view was at 19 :iU LAKE SHIKWA. the l*ase of Mount Prirniti or Mopeii-j>eu, on its S. S. \V. side. Thence the pro-jHvt northwards ended in a sea horizon with two tmmll island- in the di-tancc a larger one, resembling a hill-top and covered with tree-, n>-e more in the ton-ground. Ilange* of hills appeared on the ea.-t : and on the west stotnl Mount ( 'hikala, which -eem- to ! conwt'twl with the great mountain ma-- <-alled /omha. "The -hon, near which thev -pent two nights, wa- covered with rere a -and-hank, luit were so a--anlteovc the -ca i- eighteen hundreo! fret, and the ta-te of the water i- like a weak -olntioii if KjHom -alt.-. The eoiintrv around i- verv heautifnl, and clot hed with rich vegetation ; and the wave-, at the t i me thev were there, breaking and foaming over a rock n the southeastern -id P. added to the Iniititv of the picture. KxTtlingly loft v moun- tain-. p-rhap- ei'_dit thousand ti'-t aliove the -ea-levrl, -tand near the eastern -hore. \\ hen their loftV -teep--lded -Uillllllt- a|je;ir, -Mine alniVe, -nine KeloW the c|(l|d-, the -eelle isgnilld. This ran-/e i- called Milanje; mi the wc-t -land- Mount /oinlia, seven thoii-and |i-et in height, and -ome twentv mill's long.' Th.ir olijecj lieiii'j rather to -jam the confidence ot the ] pie l.V decree-, hall to e\plo|-e, thev eon-idercd that theV had advaneed 1'ir enough int-i tin- ednntrv fir one trip ; and !.e!i, \lnj- that thevc..uld -eeiire thijr end li\ a ri-petition of tii-'ir vi-it, a- the\- had d-.ne on the Shire, they decided ( re turn '" the \-----l at I >al,ananioi. i-land ; luit, in-tead of'ri-tnrn- ;IIL' o\ the \\a\ th'V came. th-\' pa---d dnwn -oiithward" elo-e r.v Mount ( hirad/nrn, auioir/ the ri-lative^ ot ( 'hihi-a, and then'-e do\\ n to the S), I,-,.. When thev r- a- h'-d the -hip, it veined important, In -fop' START FOR I.AKK NYASSA. 31") attempting further explorations, to return to Tete for additional supplies, and it was the 'JHth of August before they left their craft under tin- shadow of ('hil)isa's village and set out in search of the far-tinned Lake Xva-sa. It may not have been necessary for as inativ as forty-two men to -el forth on such a journey; but the advantage of numbers and guns, in the impres.-ions they convey of strength, and the Ics-ons they suggest of kindness and politeness, more than makes up for the greater trouble and expense of their support. And it was particularly important, on this journey, that there should he a reasonable display of strength, because their path lav across the territory of most unfriendly people, with whom it was of the greatest importance that there Ix? no conflict. Following the course of a beautifully-flowing stream, in a northeasterly direction across the valley, they passed manv gar- dens where cotton was growing luxuriantly. An hour's march brought them to the foot of the Manganja hills, up which their toilsome road must lead them. The vegetation changed as they ascended; new trees and plants received them; and, as they climbed higher and higher, a wider and more charming land- scape stretched away behind them. Looking back from an elevation of a thousand feet, the eve could take in the whole of a charming valley, with its silverv stream flowing in many windings from the shadows of the hills toward the Shire. The Shire itself could be seen for manv miles above and below Chi- bisa's, and the great level country beyond, with its numerous green woods; until the prospect wot and northwot ended on the peaks of massive dome-shaped mountains that far away fringe the highlands of the Maravi country. On the first of the terraces of these hills the party found the village of Chi- timba, nestling in a woody hollow, and surrounded by the characteristic hedge of poisonous euphorbia, and -ui down under some fine trees, as strangers are wont to do, near the entrance of the village. A couple of mats were spread for the white men to sit on ; and the head man brought a se^uati, or present, of a small goat and a basket of meal. The full value in beads and cotton cloth was handed to him in return. lie measured the cloth, doubled it, and then measured that ai;ain. The beads were scrutinized ; he had never seen beads of that color before. 310 MANOANJA lioVKKNMKNT. and should like t<> eon-ult with hi- comrades U'forv accepting thorn, and thi-, after rejM-ated examinations and nun-h anxious talk, ho concluded to do. Mal and pea- \\vrv then brought for Kile. A bri-k trade >j>ran^ r up at once, each bcini; ea^er to obtain as fine thinu'- a- hi- neighbor, and all were in p>od humor. Women and u'ii'l- be^an to ponii ! and ^rind meal, and men and U>v- cha-ed tin- -cn-amin^ fowl- o\vr tin- village, until thev ran tln-m down. In a tew hour- the market wa< coin- plelclv glutted with cvcrv >ort <>!' native food; th- pri'-e-. ho\v- fVi-r, rap-lv i't-ll, a- th-\' <-ould ea-ilv eat what wa- ii"I >>ld. Kvrrv IKI'.V and tin n, a- th-A" pursuel their \\ay ulmij; these p!-ndid ran^-~, tln-v pait 1 th<- nati\i- village- oo-iipvin^ the ino-t pieturexiuo situations and eominandin^ splendid views. A- anioii^ th<- triU-s ^encrallv in AlVi'-a, the villa^- ol' the Man_'a:ija are generally the p-ttv kni'jdi'ni- o!' -oini- head man, and not unlp-ijiientlv a man of >ujM-rior \>\\> r extends hi- -\\ay over -everal ot' tho-- abut him. Mankokwe \\a- the para- mount eliii'f nf tin- -on them portion of the highland- at t lie t inn- of I >r. Li vin_'-t"iie'- vi-it- ; but while the people aekno\vled'_'ed hi- aiithorit\-, he rarelv collected the tribute due him, hein^ a In-dotted man, who ^ave no thought to the allair- of hi- dominioii. The Man^anja are an indu.-trioiH race; ;mmen and children hard at work, with tin 1 babv Ivini; clo-e bv beneath a -hadv bii-h. \\hdi a lie\v piec.- of \\.M.d!:md i- to be cleared, they proceed e\aetlv a- farmer- do in America. The tree- are cut <|o\vn with their little a.\e. ,,f -oft native iron ; trunk- and br.ijn h. - arc piled up and burnt, and the a-he- ,-pn ad on the -oil. The corn i- planted amon^ t he -tandiie_ r -t ump-, \\hich arc !,' T, , r , ,j. | f' u r [-;,., la i id i- to be broiijht iliulir cultivation, i- fii'i'-h 'a'! jra-- a- the lalniri-r can eon Veuient 1 \' lav hold of j, ,-,,;!. ,-,,1 tojejii.-f and tied into a knot. I ! th. n -t riL hi" hoe r..iin.| the tuft, j,, -e\er the root-, and l''a\in.: ail -!andin;_', pr, .,,!, iin'il the -...!,, ,]e ^roiiin] a--uni'-- th> .ij'j.. iiM!i-.- of a field covered -,\ifl| liltle -||.M-k- ..f CoI'll ill liaf\e-|. A -hol't t.ine !>!'. re the rain- b- jm, the-.- ^ra-- -ho.-k^ are e,,!',e|,-,l jn AFRICAN COTTON. .'',17 small heaps, covered with earth, and burnt, the ashes and burnt soil l>cing used to fertili/c the ground. Large crojn of the inapira, or Kgvptian duni ( Holcim imryhuiii) are raised, with millet, l>eans and groundnuts; also patches of yams, rice, pumpkins, euenmbers, cassava, sweet |>otatoes, tobacco, ane people come to bnv they will enrich us." And it is encourag- ing to know that the observation of the partv inclined them to give much credit to his statement. Though it may seem like an idle flourish, they hardly ever entered a village without finding a number of men cleaning, spinning and weaving. Ii is first carefully separated from the seed by the lingers, or by an iron roller, on a little block- of wood, and rove out into long soft bands without twist. Then it receives its first twi>t on the spindle, and becomes about the thickness of coarse candlewick ; after being taken ofVand wound into a large ball, it is given the final hard twist, and spun into a linn cop on the spindle again: all the processes bein< painfully slow. 31 S MAXGAXJA 1XWSTKIKS. Iron ore is dug out of the hills, ami it.- manufacture is the staple* trade of tin- Mtutheru highlands. Kach village has its binelting-house, iu wharvoal-burners, and blacksmiths. Thcv make gi>od ax-, -jM-ar-, needle.-, arrow-heads, br.nvleU and anklets, which, considering the entire ab-cnelve>, or exchange with the fishermen on the riv-r or lake- for dried li-h and -alt. A ^ivat deal of native trad'- i- i-irrieil on between the village.,, bv mean- of barter in tobacco, .-alt, dried ti-h, -Km- and ir>n. The Manganja \\eie found to le genenilly a plea-ant jx-ople, and happily lor .-orne iiiciulxTs of the exjx^lition tlie\ were al>le alnio-t to forget -olor m a laiuiiT with them. There were jM-i'iiliarit !-, howeyer, which in tin- -ocietv of civili/.cd com- inunities would constitute a distinction alnio>t a- marked a- i-olor it.-elt'; fashion* control communities more un< i omj>romi>- ingly than natural condition-, it po-v-ible, and the fashions which di-t in^ui-hed the Manganja wotihl hardlv find a follower even aruoii'j the nio-t ea-jer hunter- tf uovchy. There were the bul- fal'H--' horn- and tin- rliinoc.-ro- horn- \\hicji were found el-e- \v!iei-'- ; -Mine al-o had their wool hanging alxmt their shoulders, v.!ii!'- oth.-r- -till apjM-an-d -li^rn entirelv, and, true to their ii'itun--, there wa- an illimitable indul'jciiii- in bo nio-t ext ra\ a_ r :int !\ , \\earmg ring- on ! ', ;r lin/i'i-- and thumb-, be-ide~ throatlct-, bracelet-, :md anklef.s >'. br.i--, eupjM-r, or iron. I Jut t lie mo-t wmidi-rlul of . iriiamenL-*, i; -u'-li it m. iv !- ealliil, i- the pel. I. , or upper-lip ring of the v.'.ni'-n. Me inidd!.' of' the up|-r lip ot' il,. ^irl- i- piep-itl e'.r-.- to th'- - ptum "! tin iio-e, :ind a -mall pin m-erted to pre- \-nf ili'- puii'-ture c!.,-m^ up. .\tti-r it ha- li-al',j, the jun i., t.i'i.- n out and -j !ar_" r "tie i- pri-^-eug- gest the modification of a custom which is a matter of established fiishion ? Will not even the church of to-day admit that tin- fact of the fashion answers all objections to anything ? A bright idea struck Livingstone on observing the younger women con- stantly twaddling this queer pendant with their tongues, and it is a question whether, if the idea is "to find safe employment for that little member," it mav not receive the indorsement of the gentlemen of the land we live in. The frequent mention of beer, among the abundant commodities of the country, may have suggested the suspicion alreadv, that the Manganja would hardly pay a hundred cents on the dollar as temperance candi- dates for our respect. Dr. Livingstone remarked to his associates that he had not seen so much drunkenness during sixteen years in Africa as he saw among these people. As they cros.-ed, the partv sometimes found whole villages revelling in their favorite indulgence, and the drinking, drumming and dancing, with which they insist on hailing the morning, would put the most accomplished priests of Bacchus to the blush. The party entered a village one afternoon where cvcrv man had fallen in the action ; ~ . not one was to be seen, and the onlv indications of life were the few half-conscious women who were still by the beer-pots under a tree. There, as here, the serpent excites every man to the extravagance of his ruling passion, and thev have topers, talka- tive, boisterous, silly, stupid and pugnacious. One of thesv pugnacious specimens on one occasion attempting to arre.-t the party in their journey, subjected himself to a verv pointed lesson on politeness bv one of the Makololo who had as little con- science about using his spear on a man as on an ox. The bev- sri'KILSTITION AND KKI.HJIOX. era^e on \vliidi thoe jKxir people were debauching themselves so ;e su.-jHvted of -ueh dreadful etlcet.-, to the traveller who onlv u.-ed it moderately. The juitple are attached to their home.-, and there will nirely IK- found a roving disposition amon^ them. The Makololo were a-toni-hed that even a prominent ehief should never have a " lit >t' travelling come over him : should never have a de-ire to s'-e other land- and people." Thev -it within their hed^e of euphorbia :L- -<-<-urelv a- within a wall of -tone, and often live tn v. TV f tln-ir a^e- to the vieldin-j; element ; they pertiinn no ablution-; mn- old man thought he could rniienilifr lia\'iiiLT " w;t-hed om-r in hi~ life, but -o lon^ l>'tor' that he had f >rL. r "ttMi how it felt," SujM-r-tition, of' eoiir-e, had it.- plav in the li\e- of the Man- puija. I he mua\f \\a- then 1 , ton, tin- umt)m|>romi-iii)j jiitl'_ r< ' In-twi-* 11 ni' n in all thi-ir di.-piltes ; il wa- dcjiciidcii 'h \\a- the universd ettnfidenit 1 in the eorri-i-f ni-. ot it- di'i'i-ion- that innocent complainant- did not he>ifate a nioni'-nt in ri-ortnrj to it- mv-termn- bar. Hut though thev -o ea^erlv appeal to the dri-adlnl poi-on in defence ot' their character-, tin- L'i'ave i~ o\-cr-had'iwed bv tin- darkness and my. t-r%- \\hich evervwhere .-adden- -o bitterlv the wailing of IK-- r>a\cd i'jnonnr-e. " \\ e live onlv a few dav- here/ 1 -aid old ( 'liin-un-e, " but we live a_ r ain after death; we do not know uli'-p, .,r in uliat condition, or \sith what companions, t'oi the de.-td ne\ r nturn to tell n-. Son id in ie- t he dead do eoine 1 tack, and :i|>;>e:ir to n- in dream- : but thev ne\er .-peak nor tell u- v. h'-re thev have .i| It ion-, dllt the el 111 I'l 1 1 1 1 1 if land- HJM- .-ind terrile garden-, were objii-t- of' greater inter. -t. 1 Ie . 'A [ a \\eeK in c]-n--in_' thi"e hill-. Th. itn|M.--ibility ' earr\ in/ their IM,:II |.\ the cataract.-. Ahi'h I" /in a ! '.\ mile- tVoia ' 'hiln-a'- village, had I'OMIJM lied :!e 'n t" ('! /'i fie- m-ife di-t in _'iii-!i' d m..ile .,(' t ravelliiiL' >"r a tiiiie ; l,i it tin \ \-, i e ci-rtainlv \M ! 1 phtiMi] \\ it h tin ehaii'/e \\ hn-h "IT is ixnv.s IN A IKX>K." :;;jl unfolded to them the grand panorama of tropical nature, which invited their unwearying ga/e. The cataracts which we have mentioned had been cliscovcrwl sonic time before, and distinguished l>\- the honorable name of t!ie generous friend of geographical science, who had also proven himself a true friend of I)r. Livingstone. Murehi.-ou's cataracts extend through thirty-live miles of latitude, having in thisdistanee about twelve hundred feet fall. Above the cataracts, as below, the river was found broad and easilv navigable, and guided the explorers in their search for the great lake. It is hardlv to 1*> expected that even so short a journey could be performed with- out the discouragements which men ever lavi.-h on new enter- prises, and the African was not behind the foremost man on the list in the readiness with which he finds the explanation of (.-very momentous undertaking in the folly of' its leader. ( )ne of these pasts joined himself to the purtv in the I'pper Shire vallev, and annoyed them by telling the residents that "all of these men" had irantle.rctly " gone mad," and knew not where thev were going. There was a more serious discouragement, however, in the assurance which thev received at the village of Muana Moesa that the lake had never been heard of there, but that the river stretched on as they saw it the distance of two months, and then came out from between rocks which towered almo.-t to the skies. The Makololo looked blank when thev heard this, and said, <% Let us go back to the ship; it is of' no ur. Livingstone' as thev were to his Makololo. but he had thought more about human nature than thev, and could more easilv understand and more readilv pitv such exhibitions among people so untaught. It is lamentable that the grandest 322 PISVKKY OF NV.V-S.V. undertakings must l>e accomplished nvi-r the opjxwition of the vcrv jH-ople who an- to !>< tin- rucipii'tib* of its richest l>enefits. The perversity of human nature invites onr compassion; it on^ht not to provoke >nr impatieiuv, or weaken our resolutions. I,iv- iiiijstone and hi- partv prvssul on ami di.seovertxl Lake Nvassa, a little leforc IKM.M (.11 the Ib'th of SeptcmlxT, lS~>!, ahoiit two month- ln-fire the enicrpri-inLT Or. Ko-cher reached it- northern ml. The -otuhern extremity "f tin- lake wa.- found to he in 1-1 U-V -oiith latitude, and ""> ""' e;t-t longitude. The valley wa- alxnit twelve miles wide, and ran^ts of hills extent! ulon^ Ixilh -id<- ol'thr lake. It wa- imt tlicir policy t<> continue lont; at tin- lak<-, U-can-c they had found that repeated vi.-its did more toward aliasing the -ii-picimi- of the native- and enptjjinj; their C-onfldeiiei'. The lit! le time that theV Were there was litll'4 enough to reveal the fact that they liane ..(' the <_'ivat -lave- j>ath- troin the interior. They met a party headed hv Aral>-. a villaniiii--liM>kin<^ -ei, vvhoM 1 whole demeanor indicated their <-ipacity fir th-e de-d- () f cruelty which are inseparably con- ne<-ted with (hi- revolting lui-ine--. In turning their -tep- a^ain t<> their -hi|i, the mctulxTS of th" ex pei lit MI i agreed with I >r. Living- tone that, except the cataract.-, then* wa.- nothini; in the \\av 't tree water t ran-purtatmn from the -'-;i to the 'jn-at lake, and they were carne-t m their appeal t-i the home L r,, v.-rniiient |'..r a In.at (i, l. t - laiincheteainer on the lake would d<> ni'ii-i than an\ other -iirjle a_ r ' -ney in impre.--m i j the poiple 1'iyoraliU', and in ehcckin^ the -lavc-trade which had il> LTivat er. i--inir place- at dilli-i'ent point- on the river and lake. Killed \vith the inspiration of tln-c nolilc- :t-pinitions and re|oicmi; in th'- hop.- ti, th< ir reali/at ion, th'-v ha-lciiiil -niithward, and re- join-'l tii'-ir partv at ('hilii-a'- on t In- ',( h ,,f ( )etol -r. after a land |- MI lie \' ' .( f' rl %' da\ -. I i "! i ' 'liilii-a, I >t . Kirk and Mr. llae, the engineer, nndcr- t' H ,|, t., i ("- - f !n- i -i it iiit rv and m--t t In ii~ friend- a-_ r am at I etc. 'lip |M- i_" d"\\ n th' -Ir- amua- tilll of -neli mournful inlere-t a- IM 'on.;- i" ! .i in- ni in.; d--l:i\ - in-i-parahle tVoni a Irak MIL: 'Tat' tind dail v ei >uf]ii t - ',s ; ! h -and) ialik->. A t'ter a 1 1 me t IM \ n'< r 1 ih-- /.:i;..U--i. and land-d at Tele K, l-rnarv I'd, \f,n. Th-- THK < or.NTKY. 323 journey of Dr. Kirk across the country, comparatively .-liort, was accomplished with great difficulty and extreme suffering. It W:LS the season of the year when there is the greatest scarcity of water, and the little to be foil ml l>y digging in the beds of dry watercourses was so brackish that it increased the thir>t which they sought to allay ; and when, at long intervals, that chanced to In 1 found which was less brackish, it had already be- come the resort of large game whose unscrupulous habits oi wallowing in the mud left only the choice of a filthy draught for a salt one. The country was level, and large; tracts of it were covered with mopane trees, whose small leaves ailbrdcd no shelter from the scorching ravs of the sun, which burnt oh*' the grass and baked the earth. The heat was so great that the men frequently jumped from the path in the vain hope of cooling their scorched feet. The fiit was melted awav from the salt pork which was carried by one of the natives, and only the fibre of the meat remained. But even this path was hardly known at Tete before it became the highway along which merciless trade i> drove their human cattle toward a market. CIIAPTKIl XIX. joruNi:v> :iriti'>ii- - M:irkrt I'riof* at Tete Sincr Mi-a-ur-'-- S'M-iiil Turn Kvi-niiiL' ( latln-riirjs iVvtili.ir " Tra-1'nrtirs "-- Mil- k. .1..!.. i >l.;.-,-li..u- I.. I.--.IV:!,,' '!' Tin-IP (i:iin :ui-k- l'-:n 1 In- Misii>u ( iravrn Kxplnimliolt of K.; Itir-- l.ivii).'-i..ii.-\ ( '..nti.i.-n.'r !l..|.<- I n-liak.-i< M;ik.li-l.. Kintlit'ulnc** At;, n::. 11- '-:ianl . \.-.iin I . t.- Tin- K'ini;i>in- - I "!,.- l'j..:i. .-r" A rri\ .> Tii-- K\ 11111:1 llcliirn In llir Sliiri- I'ln- " I' nivrr'-itv'n \f:-; .11 " Tii'-ir M i-!'..rtu:i. < -- W.ir 1'n-x ailiii- I'll.- Jl:i\ .-Tr:nl.- Lake .\\.L--.I Th-- l..tk<- Trilx -. ->hii].:uu.i I '. .uh <.| .M r-. l.i\ in_--t..ti<-. IT !i:ts IxH'ii uliMTVtil lv thost- \vlio Icivr lnvimr at all familiar vvitli tlic liti' of I )r. Li\ iiiir-t'iMc that hr roii.-idi rcr v the faitht'nl jier- I'M'maii 1 ''' of hi- olili^ation. I lii-re -ernird to \H- Ho iva-on \\liV tlii- j"iini--y -honld !>< |oii_r.-r deferred, and |ire|iaration- \\cn- a'-'-ordm^ly ln-_'iin for a jonnii-v of' honor from '|Vt- to Lin vant i. Th-' " Mi ll'.li'-rt " \va- in tin- la-t -taLfe- of in-!lii-ii-in-v ; -he had IH-I-OIMI- intoli-ralily |e;ikv. and thf di-n of' inniimeralile rat.- and nd t h>- l-t t hat -"tild IM- ! >ne \rith h.- In tie- mid-1 o) tie- liii-\ |iri'|>arat ion- tor i!n- |'iiniev thi-n- V'-ry Lit!-- "]i|.'irttmitv f. .r mneh !-. anil onl\- -n.-h i-\-i-nt- IM I !' ill-- .1- - 1'ie- eoii-|neiioi|-l V 1 > -f-ii'i' tip-in r-ei-i \ i-d :itt< II- tion. 1'. i! a in in -o d- '-|.!\- int.-i----t'-d in the eniidilioii of* the jM-ojili-, and tie intlu'ii'-- nnd-r which th-\' \\>r<- living, i- na- turallv int.!'-t..| in tli- ran- -|M-cimen of authority \\hn-h wa-* jii-t tli-n mal.in,' a )itt!-- rij>j>li- "ii t he .-urIa<-- of th- ordmarilv MAUKKT 1MUCKS AT TKTK. .'',2.5 dull community. Owing to the desolating wars of former years, tin* cost of provisions was nearly three time- as iniii-h a> in bv- i'one davs ; so his excellency determined to reduce iiricr- to their i~> former standard, and proclaimed that in future twenty-tour fowls instead of eight were to be sold for two yards of calico, and that the prices of sheep, goats, and oil should he reduced in like proportion. The,' first native who came to market refused to sell his fowls at government prices, and was at once hauled up before the irate commandant, and, for contumacy to this new re-enactment of old laws, condemned to he man-lied up and down the street all day, with his cackling merchandise hung round his neck, and then sent to prison to pass the night. An- other poor fellow brought a pot of groundnut-oil for sale, and was condemned to drink of it largely for refusing to sell it at the legal rate. Such measures did very well as an expression of his excel- lency's animus, hut they were impotent so far as anv general influence on the market was concerned. The natives simply de- clined to bring their possessions to the village under the circum- stances, and while the country is claimed \\itli a great .-how of dignity by the Portuguese, the tax collectors, who should ven- ture to invade the back country for tin- dues of their master, would probably be called on to pay the '' /uvt eaks Knglish,' that i-, ' he'> drunk ;' so that aiiv -uch eharj*u would have tho ap|H-arauce of' a t'i y/o/yK. . The -Inn-kin^ prevalence uf intcin- |H Tancr and other vic> anioii^ the Portuguese at Tete made u< \v lYr, ii"t tliat they had fever, hut that they \vcn- not all -\\vpt i'tl' t>'_r tlu-r. Thi'ir habits would b<> fatal in anv climate; tin- native- marvrllrd t-vcn motv than we did; our Makololo, \r in-tauii-, looki-d on :i'.:h:i>t at tlux* Convivial parties, and Sininvaii'' <-d oiu- in a \vav that nii_ r ht liavc donr tin- a<-t"i> I;IMM!. 'A I'urttliriU-x 1 -land- up." >aid he, 'and r\<^ \"i\'a! that mean-, I am plea.-<-d ; another -av-, \*iva! 1 am plea-eil too;aml then thev all -hoiit out \*i\'a! we are all |>le;i-,il together; they are -" -lad ju-t to p't a little In-er.' < )ne niu'lit he -vii\v three iiiehriated olliei-r- in the mid-t of their enjoviiieiit ijiiarrrlliui; alxiut a la!-e report ; >ne jumped on hi-> MijH-riir and irinl to bite him ; and, \\hil-t the-e i\\.i were ri'll- ini; on the tl >'>r. th" third eairjht up a chair and therewith pounded then) b-.tli. Si 1 1 i 1 1 vane, horrified at -ueh itmdiirt, e.x- rlainie 1, What kind <(' pe-.ple can the-e whites l>e, who treat even their elnef- in thi- manner?'' A- the preparation- for their departure j)ri>jrre>j*el, it \va- dis- e.,ver-d that -nine uf tho-e who had come (town from the Mako- lolo ei.untrv with I M\ Livinp*tone had U-eom,- -o identified with their teniporarv home that thev w-re not ine!iue v thought thev were about a- well off a- thev had been in their o'.vn e I1 iuitr\-. Thev knew and re-jretted that thev could eail llelther \\IVe- l|of ehlldfell their o\V|i; the - 1 a \e-o\\ [ |ep- e'ainied rhe \vhole; Imt their natural afVeetmn- had Ineii -o en- i-hain-d that th"v clave to the done-tie ti,-. |',\- :l |a\\ of' |', ,r- tujal t!i. bajit i/i'd children of' -laVe-woiilen are all tree; b\ ! he c'l-toiii of lie /,amKe-i that la 'A i- void. \\ hen it i- n-ferre;>7 It will not IM> forgotten that these men were only culled Makololo ; the on Iv real member of that tribe since the death of Sekcletu in the whole partv was Kanvanta, on whom the leader- .hip now devolved, the others In-longing to other tribes which had Ixvn added to the dominion i' Sebituanc. Many of the^e men had onlv added to their own vices those of the Tctc slaves with whom thev had been in contact ; others, l>y toiling during the fir-t two years in navigating canoes and hunting elephants, hud often managed to save a little to take back to their own conntrv, lint had to part with it all for food to support the rest in times of lumber, and, latterly, had fallen into the improvident habits of slaves, and spent their surplus earnings in beer and agua ardiente. I ndcr such circumstances it was juite an undertaking to /et so inanv men in marching trim ; but the Makololo, who had worked for the expedition, were paid for their services, and cvcrv one who had come down with the doctor from the interior re- ceived a present of cloth and ornaments, in order to protect them from the greater cold of their own eountrv, and to show that they had not come in vain. A merchant sent three men nl"Mir with presents for Sekelehli Major Sieard also furnished three men to assist the party on their return, and having received the loan of a couple of donkcvs completed their preparations, and at 2 P.M. on the 15th of May their party filed awav from the little village north of Tete. The journev was varied with in- cidents inseparable from African life, but heini; alonr almost the same route by which we have already followed the leader of the expedition in his former travels, hardly justifies the minute attention of those who are caurcr for information as extensive a< mav he of the great continent. Three months after leaving Tete the partv entered Sesheke ; great ch a nires had taken place during Or. Livingstone's absence of lour vears. The old town was in ruins and the people had built another higher up the river; the people were all in leu- spirits ; Sekeletu was on the opposite side of the river the victim of a dreadful disease. A severe drought had cut off the < rop<. and destroyed the pasture of Linyanti, and the people were -cat- tered over the country in search of wild fruits, and the hospitality of those whose groundnuts (Arachin hypoya'ii) had nut failed. TH V . MAKOLOIX) ror.vrUY. Sfkelctu'.- h-pro-v l>n>u_'lit troops of evils in its train. licliev- iu^ himself In-witched, he had su-lHfU 1 *! a miiuU-r of his chief men, and had put some, with their families, to , and allowed i>" one to conic into his pres- ence hut hi- iini !< Mamiiv. I'.'nuaiic, \vho had Ix-en as " head and cv.-- ' to him. had ju-t died ; evideiHf, he thought, of the jHjtcnt -]M -i!- of tho-e who li:it.-d all who |,,vel the chief. The* coiintrv \\;s- -utVerin^ ijrirvou-lv, and Srl)ituaiH''s trrand empire wa- cruriil'li:ij t^ pice.--. A lari: 1 ' l*'dv of voiui^ I{;irot>e had revoh-v the \vav, in ofd r to put a Mood-fetid l>et\vcen Ma-iko. t he diiel' to \\iioin thev \vere -^oiiiiT, and S.-keli-tn. 'lli'- liatoka under Sinarnane and Mil" inl-a \\.re indepeiulent, and Ma-hotlane at the falls \va- ~- -tt in_ r Si ki-let u 's authority virtualh' at tl'-lianci-. SflituaiH'*s \vi-.- p. "hc\- in treating th<- mmjuercil triln - on ej',ial t"-rms with hi^ own Makololo, a- all children of the chief', and cjua!!v eli^- :!>!< to tli'- hi_'h'-t honor-, had !< n alian\ hi- -on, who marrii-d HOIK- hut Makololo women, and appointed to otliec no".c hut Makololo men. He had he.-ome unpopular anioii^ tiie lIa-k trilc -, con<|tiercd liv tin- >|Miir hut luiirc ciliftuallv \von hv the -.uli-i <|U'-nt ui-cand |ii-t 'joveniment of In- father. '1 he ult'-r ov"-rthrow of the Makololo dominion, which W:LS on!v Join- \ear- in the future, wa- ^tron^lv f 'iv-hado\\ ,-d in the inerea-iii-_ r 'li-<-'Hiti-nt of' tlii- |"ople. StiMii-je ruiiior- were afloat r- -pf-tiir^ the tin-'--n S.-kel. tu ; hi- lin_'"-r- were .-aid to have jro-.vn like ca_ r l-'- claw-, and hi- face -o fright f'ullv di-torted 'hat no on<- ci.sild nco_Mn/.- him. Sonic had l'_ r un to hint that he m:_dif not reallv IM- t he -on i.f' t In- _'!" -at Sehit uan- t the )i "under '! t!,- nation, -trolly m l,a!t!e and u'l-e m tin- atlair- of' -tat"-. " In th'- dav- of t he ' li't at I .ion - ^. I. it uaii'- , ' -aid hi- on! v -i-t r, Mori.t:i!-ian' '- wido-.v, who-e hu-hand S.-k-l'-tu had killed, "we l.i'l .'li'!'- and lilt!-- i-hi"-f- and Id- r- to carrv on t he >.'overn- i:, '!!?, ait'l the -/feat (hi. f, S' Mtuatic. knew th< i:t all, ami cvi-rv- ' ii: n_' t hi \ di"l. and t h '\ h" !< count rv v a- \\ i-< 1 v rtlhil ; hut iio-.v >. L.i'itu kno'.'. - iiot|iini_r of \\hat hi- ni:d" rliirj- do, and t'i'V i ire not f..r him, and th<- Makololo po\\.r i- | ;( >t jia--inu r a\v:iv." Th-- native do. top< had ^iv.-n the ca>r (if S-krletll tip. They SICKNESS OF KEKELKTU. 329 rould not cure him, and pronounced the (list-use incurable. A n did doetresa from tht Manyeti tribe had come to see what she could do for him, and on her skill he now hung his last hopes. She allowed no one to see him except his mother and uncle, making entire seclusion from society an essential condition of the much longed-for cure. He sent, notwithstanding, for the doctor, who found him on the following day sitting in a covered wagon, whieh was enclosed hy a high wall of close-set rei-ds ; his liice was onlv slightly disfigured bv the thickening of the skin in parts, where the leprosy had passed over it ; and the onlv pecu- liarity about his hands was the extreme length of his finger- nails, which, however, was nothing very much out of the way, as all the Makololo gentlemen wear them uncommonly long. She was (irmly convinced that he had been bewitched. " Mori- antsiane," said he, " my aunt's husband, tried the bewitching medicine first on his wife, and she is leprous, and so is her head- servant ; then, seeing that it succeeded, he gave me a stronger dose in the cooked flesh of a goat, and I have had the disease ever since. They have lately killed Ponwane, and, as you see, are now killing me." Ponwane had died of fever a short time previously. Sekeletu asked for medicine and medical attend- ance, but the doctor did not like to take the case out of the hands of the female physician already employed, it being bad policy to appear to undervalue any of the profession ; and she, being anxious to go on with her remedies, said, "She had not given him up yet, but would try for another month and if he was not cured by that time she would hand him over to the white doctors." She was, however, induced to resign her place earlier, and the superior skill of her successors soon alleviated the suiVerings of the young chief considerably, but it had already become too deeply rooted, and they could only lament in their hearts that the glory which the wise Sebitnane had bequeathed to his people should go down under the inefficiency of a chief whose vices had bound him in cords so painful and so fatal. But incidents of deeper interest even than the illness of Seke- letu and the disaffection of his people had been wrought into the history of Linyanti since Dr. Livingstone was there. It will be remembered they had expressed a desire that a mission- ary might come and live with them, and had committed theiu- 20 ;j30 THK MISSION. solves to a removal from th 4 ir deadly swamps to some healthiet loi-ditv. It Inn! sevmed verv desirable t<> establish a mission amon^ thx> jMi>p!e Ixt-iiise of the extrnt of their dominion, and Ix-i-atise at their capital Christian leaehers would lx i in eon*tant intercourse with representatives u f minn-ron- trilx's. Ard- in-jlv, tin- I/>ndon Mi ionarv Society, under whose auspiro tin- exploration <>f their eoiintrv had Keen effected, undertook tin wurk of e>tahlishin<; a mi. ion at the town of Linvanti, aihl api'oint.il Rev. llallowav llelrnore, who had Ir-ei'ii x-vciitmi VMI' a ini--i":iarv a:n >ii'_r thi- IlM-huaiia-, and sissoointcil with hi'M M--"r. Mai'ken/ic and l'i !. Tla-se vonnj^er men, ajt-om- pani'-d l>\- j.-ntli- and tru-'-h'-arl- <1 \\ivc-, who ventured to hope that tli'-v i-MiiM .jo whi'i-r Mr-. Living-tone had ijone, Iclt Kii;;- land in .Ini)- , IS53, and in .Iu!v I-indfd at the ('ape. Alh-r manv trviirj rxjH-ru'Wi's, tin- mi ion partv at la.r. I J\ in_'-toiif arrived, tin-re wa> onlv the sad .-torv of th'-ir < tl'ort and a niimlxT of ^ravr-. Tln-v haa^'' in tin- hi-forv of Atri-an mi ion-, |ut we c;in hardlv yield tin- roii- vietion- whi'-h have L'l'own on ii- in following tin 4 -xp-n'ni-e of Dr. Living-tone through tin- vear* of }n-. inten-oiirs<- with tin- Ma!o!olo. The ii!ne-> and iM-rcjivi-tiHMlt through \vhi-h tin- nrvi\'or of' tin- enterpri-" n-^irdi-il th-- tn^iple emld hardlv llnl ?o 'j-i'.e a darker -ha ! to tlu-ir i-hara* 4 tt'r<. 1 hev donlit'n-- -ut- !',( -d -oii|.- \-. fon_r- m addition to the r:i\a'_ ri - of di-ea-e, hut \\ < would nnieli r:ttln-r find tin- explanation of' tln-ir -iekin-- in tin- il--a'l!\' i-xhalal ion- of tin- iHMijlilmrin-j -wamp- than aeeept the !i_'_" -t i' .n oj |io|..iniir_' ; and \l:i> l-.'-n/i'- and tin- " I ra\' 1- of |.p, iii^-to '.', ar<- eiiiivinei-d thai a eandid reader woul tin- eondm-t of tin- p.-oj,],- touard Mr'. 1'riee, at't-T tin- d-ath of M;-. Ili-lnton 4 , i'i!_'!it h:r.'- foiju'l an explanation in -oine mi-- ijiiilf-r-tandiiiL' or mi-take \\liMi \\oiild -hieM the aetor- frotn tin 4 i-har^'e !'->, iin_-' IH-I-OII-! v plundering a Ix-reaviil and >ntli-r- iii'j i/ui^t. ('ertamlv, In'Weri-r -tron^lv tin- trial- and lo-><- of Le nterpri-e mav -peak aL'aiu-t the triU- who-,- elevation w:i3 FAITHFULNESS OF THK PEOPLE. 331 nought by it, tlu> testimony of Dr. Livingstone to the character, customs ami promise of the people in nil the broad region which then acknowledged the authority of Sekcletu is unshuken, while his personal experience of their faithfulness and kindness eanecl.s that of his more unfortunate friends. There was no particular reason whv the chief who would deal so unjustly l>v the mission party should so carefully cultivate the friendship of Livingstone. There would have been no trouble in concocting an explanation of their loss had he desired to appropriate the nianv valuable articles which had been seven or eight vears in his care. These were found bv Dr. Livingstone just as he left them ; thev had been guarded most sacredly during four vears, and the wagon had stood there since 185.'$. Naturally enough, while his heart grieved for the noble man who had fallen on the spot, after laying two dear children and a devoted wife under the strange sod, and while he sympathized deeply with those who had shared the suflering, only escaping with their lives, his greatest anxiety was that (he interest of the world might not be diminished by tho accounts of their misfortunes. And it could hardly be ex- pected that, however much he might lament the faults he knew thev had, he should forget the services they had done him, or ignore their expressions of esteem and confidence. \\ hen 1 * went over to Linvanti he was escorted by men furnished by Si - keletn, and rode the chief's own horse. When he arrived, tlh. 1 head men, Mosale and IVkoiivane, received him cordially, an 1 lamented that they had so little to oiler him. Oh, had he on . y arrived the vear previous, when there was abundance of milk and corn and beer ! Very early the next morning the old town-crier, Ma-Pulcn- yane, of his own accord made a public proclamation, which, in the perfect stillness of the town long before dawn, was striking: "I have dreamed! I have dreamed! 1 have dreamed ! Thou, Mosale, and thoii, Pckonvauc, mv lords be not taint-hearted, nor let vour heart- be sore, but believe all the words of Monare (the doctor), for his heart is white as milk towards the Makololo. I dreamed that he was corn HILT, and that the tribe would live it' you praved to God and irave heed to the word of' Monare.'' Ma-Pulenvane showed Dr. Livingstone the burying-plaee where poor Helmore and sev.-n others were laid, distinguishing those ''- KINI>NKSS CONTINUED. whom he had put to rest and those for whom Mafale had per- formed that last ofl'uv. Nothing whatever markeil the sjxt, and, w'th the native idea of ltitten hearing that there wa- a |m>.-ibility of a powerful -teaMp-r a-ei-ndin^ a- far a- Sinamane's, but never alove the (Jrand Victoria fall-, he a-kcd, with charmini; -imj)lieitv, if a ca:,;ion eoiild not blow awav the fall-, -o a- to allow the \-e--el to ci .HP Up to Sc-hekc. Ib- ".a- al-o a- nr-jeiit a- r-yer that the .loejor would make hi- !iom<- v. ith him ; but he could not ot!'.-r -n< h indiifem'-nt.- a- h id -'jrroiin.led the home of hi- nlu-trio'l" father. Hi- feeble 'f-alth a;id f -o!j,h ].o!i,-v h ad !< f 1 Very little of the man or tie- ' ' ' !' at t IP- t h' >M'_ r ht of uuinin .' 'n : - t ;- .", ;;i ' 'li-a!]'-c!J,,'i of' the -.i;l,j, ef IlETUUN TO TETE. po soon with only a remnant of his strength. But it was out of the question for Dr. Livingstone to think of even a protracted visit. The new steamer for which lie had petition*-*! his govern- ment was expected to arrive at the Kongone in Novemlx-r, and it was nexx-ssary that he should hasten thither. He was still firm in his belief that there eould he found no more desirable field Jbr missionary work. There were difficulties, hut none which would not he surmounted gradually by wise and active laborers. The seaward journey occupied about two months, and it was toward the end of November when they reached Tete, and the Zambesi was then so low that they were compelled to wait until December before they could go on to the Kongone, win re they arrived on the -1th of January, 18(51. The expected vessel was behind time, and there was nothing to be done but to wait as patiently as possible for her arrival. In such a focus of decay- ing vegetation nothing was to be dreaded so much as inactivity, and they were compelled to seek exercise and amusement in hunting and searching about the fetid swamps. Indeed in all parts of Africa, as elsewhere, an active life has been found the safest. A mind fully occupied and hands full of work are the surest precautions against the subtle enemy which lurks in those vast wildernesses. On the 31st of January, 1S01, their new ship, the " Pioneer," arrived from England and anchored out- side the bar ; but the weather was stormy and she did not venture in till the 4th of February. Two of her Majesty's cruisers came at the same time, bringing Bishop Mackenzie and the Oxford and Cambridge mission to the tribes of the Shireand Lake Xyassa. The mission consisted of six Englishmen and five colored men from the Cape. It was a pn/xle to know what to do with so many men. The estimable bishop, anxious to commence his work without delay, wished the " Pioneer '' to carry the mission up the Shire as far as ( 'hi- bisa's, and there leave them. But there were orave objections to this. The " Pioneer " was under orders to explore the Ro- vuma, as the Portuguese government had refused to open the Zambesi to the ships of other nations, and their officials were very effectually pursuing a system which, by abstracting the labor, was rendering the country of no value either to f!>ivi^nrrs or to themselves. She was already two months behind her 3-'i4 THK KOVUMA. time, anil the r.iinv -ea-on was half over. Then, if the partv were taken to Chihi-a'-, tin- ink-ion would In- ! :'. without a inedii-al attendant, in an unhealthy region, at tin- beginning of the m<*-t neklv x-a-on of the \var, and without means of reaching the healthv highland- <>r of returning to the .-ca. In tlie absemv of medical aiil, ami all knowledge of the treatment of fever, it was feared tliat there mi;_ f ht IK- a repetition of the sorrowful liite whi<-h belell the similar non-mchop at la.-t eon-entcd to prmnttl in the " Lvra " man-of-war t<> Johanna, ami there leave the members of the mission with h.-r Maj -t\ '- eonsul, Mr. Smiley, while he himself should a<-- i-((!nj>a:iv the exju-.liti'iii iij> tin- Rovtltiia, in order to :useertain whether the eoiiiit rv around it> hiiul-wutcTS, w liieh were reported ti tl'\v out ot' Nva.-^a, wa^ a >nital)le place lor a settlement. ( )n tin- L'.'dh of Ft-hruary the '* Piom-cr " anchored in the mouth i't' the IlMVimia, which, unlike mo-t African rivers, ha> a ni:iL'iiiticriit hay and no l>ar. The s4-enery n the lower part of the iJovnma \\a.- found >ujK-rii>r to that on tin- /ainlte-i, li>r thi-v c.,iild ea-ily .-< the highlands from the -.-a. I'j^ht mile> from the mniith the mangrove- are !(( behind, and a leautiful ran_ r e ct' \\ell-\vtMHletl hill- on each hank Ix-jjins. On these rid_ r e- the tr-e resembling Afrie:iii l>laekwiMnI, of finer ^r.Mii than i-lionv, verv milch !--. Si-veral ot' tin- ern--in<^- had ban-lv water enough fir the -hip, drawing five |!-et, ( ]ia . 1 'nfortnnately, however, th-A- had -nll'ered a detention, and \\lien they had axvndiil a 'h-.rt dl-taiice found tin- river falling rather rapidly, and they W.T.- ol,:;-, d to -i\-e up their |.ro|,o-ed exploration f,,,- th.- >.-a>on. ]I ,. ..,,,:,,_, I,;,,.], to the M-a. th.-y returni-1 to the K-.n-.n,-. and -,,;'.. 1 a/a in up the 7,-i.nb.-i lo thr Shire. They had c.,mplaiiie.| ., much of t!,,-ir f..rim-r ve-. 1 that th.-y \vre nnuillin.' h find n limit uiih ih. new one. but th.-ir pp.-n--ua- L'n-ally impaled ],\ 1,,-r di-an.'l.i of water; live feet wa- found In ! too niu.-li for t),,. navigation of the II|. ( HT part ..f tl..- Shir-. P.nt after much ditTicnltv tli. -. n n li-l ( 'hibi-a'- ; th- fc wa* a -j.-n. r.l f.-. lin- "f r .-!i. f '.\heii the :il ,, hor \\a- c-a-1 in the ,,M -po! v. h. n- the " M.i- TICK UNIVERSITY'S MISSION. Robert" had rested in the former time, and all hands congratu- lated each other that so far at least there \v:is occasion (or grati- tude. The history of the " I Iniversity's Mission," hy Kev. Henry liowly, is hardly more encouraging than the effort at Linvanti. Hut there oue lake dwellers was that they were downright la/y ; groups could lx> seen during the day lying f;t-t :i>lccp uiuIiT tin- -hade of the tret's along the shore, apparently taking tin- \vorld very ea.-ily. hut a Ix-tter aopiaint- am-e with them rt'Vealiil the faet that these forenoon slcc|>ers had Ui-n at work during the greater part f the night. In the afternoon thcv l^in to bestir them-clvc< ; examining and mend- ing th-ir mi-, carrying thctn to the canoes, and coiling in their line-. In thi- evening they paddle oil' to the l>est fishing station, and throughout mo-t of the night the poor fellows are toiling in the \\ : .(.-r, drawing their net.-. Tliou,di there arc inanv crMHMlilis in the lake, and some of an extraordinary -i/c, the fishermen -;iy that it i- a rare thing fir anv line to U- e;irriel oll'hv the-e reptile*. \\ hen iTtK-tMlilcs em ea-iiv tili'ain al)tl!uian to catch their | P-V, iVmn the innddine.--. ot the water in flood-, they arc very JiHgeroil-. In i-haracter and general appearance the lake trihe- were found t'i If very milch like the triln-- aiuoipj whom thev had alreadv travelled. Their -canlv clothing wa- partly ot' cotton and partlv of a -urt of cloth woven from hark. The ornamen- tati'iii i-f their pei--<>n- wa- rido and delight. At li-hed -!a\'e-er,,in._r |. !:>.-, and r\ l--:in! v. and paraU/c- everv eip-rgv ot' the afflicted land yi-r \\hi.-h it dra_'- it- aceiir-cil chain. IIi\in_' -pent nearlv t \\ " inoiitli- on the lake, and feeling arn|''v repaid I- ir their toil in the i-ni^Uiragi'lin-nl they had c\- IK ! : lie. ! itiliii mill;.' the tUtUI'e ot' the 'JTeat c.inlinellt. till V re- tnni'-d ?.. t 1 !.- -hip. \\liieh tli'\ |-ea--hen !' ' ':!'!iii:_' t" I ! , i' - >\a- a-certailH 1 *! that tic- I'ortUL'Ue-* 1 g-.-, . nuii' i;' h.-'.d _'.'.';i -'I'll in-t ru-'t i'in- to the -la\ ni'_: partic-4 DEATH OF MILS. LIVINGSTONE. 339 within their territory as would make it impossible for tlie expedition to pursue their work :it all peacefully, and their at- tention was again tnrne prevailing con-iderablv at the time, and about the middle (if April Mrs. Livingstone w;is prostrated l>v this disease; and it wa- aeeom- panied l>v obstinate vomiting. Nothing is vet known that can allav this distressing svmptom, which ot'eonrse renders medicine of no avail, as it is instantly rejected. She received whatever medical aid could he rendered from Dr. Kirk, but became un- conscious, and her eves were closed in tin; sleep of death a.> the sun set on the evening of the Christian Sabbath, the 'JTth of April, 1862. A coflin was made during the night, a grave was dug next dav under the branches of the great baobab tree, and with sympathizing hearts the little band of his conntrvmen as- sisted the bereaved husband in burying his dead. At his re- quest, the Rev. James Stewart, who had come out as the agent of the Free Church of Scotland to view the country before at- tempting a mission, read the burial service; and the seamen kindly volunteered to mount guard for some nights at the .-pot xv here her bodv rests in hope. Those who are not aware how this brave, good, English wife made a delightful home at Kolo- beng, a thousand miles inland from the ( 'ape, and as the daughter of Motlat and a Christian lady exercised most beneficial influ- ence over the rude tribes of the interior, mav wonder that --he should have braved the dangers and toils of tin- down-trodden land. She knew them all, and, in the disinterested and dutiful attempt to renew her labor-, was called to her rest instead. The expedition had worked under manv disadvantages, and in the face of difficulties which would have discouraged less resolute men. Thev had been generously treated bv their irovcrnment, but unfortnnatelv their first boat was a burlc-ipie on the name, and the " Pioneer" was unadapted to the waters on which she was to sail. I>esidcs the delav< and embarras-;- ment.s growing out of their equipment, the Portuguese ]' al"ii-v found expression in manv discouragements, and the vigorous revival of the slave-trade more than neutralized their infhiencf on the natives over whom its de^rudin^ influence extended. 340 THE KOVl'MA AGAIN. When they wore at la>t put in possession of the " Lady Nvassa" the little iri'ii >toanier with which they projxised to ion* their wav up the rapids of the Zambe-i and the Shire the .season had so far advanced that they could nut think of that under- taking until another HIMM! time, wliieh would involve inevitably a dclav of -everal months ; and it wa> decided to attempt aj^ain tin- exploration of thf Kovumu, which wo- rcjxirted to flow from I>akc Nvav-a. They were the more anxious to find out the truth of thi- n-jMirt, iH-cau.-e -itch a discovery would put them in coiniminieation \\iih the va-t fertile regions aUtut the lake and alon^ the I'pper Shin, l.v a path 1'ree iVom the annovanee of Li-bon taxation. Amtrdingly thev ,-et out aiMiut the 1st of Septoinlier, l^'iL 1 , on a journev which occupied about one month. Tin- result.- of thi- exj>cdition were not ^ratifvinir, though mueh more Katisfactory than their former cflort. Thev a.n--nded without >< -ri'>u- dillieultv alioiit <>iif hundretl and liflv mill-, \\ln-re tiiev eneniinterttl the |K-euliar ilst ructions which H-em to Iwlon^ to all Alrican ri\cr-. The river Itet-mie narrow and riH-kv, and further navigation was found impossible. l - 'ew ineidi-nt.s (xi-urretl \\hich \\ould inten-i tin- reader. 'lli'- \all-y wa.- about toiir mi!'- wide and bounded on each .-idc lv a raii'_ r| - o|' hi'_ r h hill-. I>urin;_ r the lir-t \\eck verv t'cw jM-iplc \v.-r<- -<-cn. Their village- \\cre all concealed in the thi' -k jun^le-% on the hill-.-idc- for protection from marauding .-lave [.ariii--. The ab-enee of bird or animal life wa.- remarka- ble, and the ,-hallow, \\iinliiiL r channel, in the mid.-t of ab-olnte .-jtilliM --, ua- elieerl'--- indeed. The lanjjuatjc 1 of the (K'ople dilli i- d e, Mi-id- -rabl\- from that in u-e on the /amboi, though it -< i-med to be ol' | he -a Hie til 111 iU'. The Cl|-t"||l- of the J ico | lie, a- fir a- a.-ci-rtained, were not unlike tho-e alon^ the other riv< r- 'he -anie 1"\ o|' ..niaiiM nt and ihe Iblbe- ol ta-hioii. Iluiiiinj the -en/e an annual about the -i/e nf a lari^e cat, but in >-h:iji< riion- r- -embliiiL' a pi'j; - -wa- the chid bu-iiie-..- of men and !".- alon^ tic- r>'d\ bank-. In thi- iii'jiilar -|Mirt ihev - t li.' lo a ma-- "I" reed-, and. a rim ' 1 \\ it h -Ink-, -pear-, bo\s - and an " \ -, -land in 'jr-'iip- juar:ic)iii|Hr tlainc-.. I 'ark , )' 1 1 11 1 -eliet ral lie -llloKe IP ,\\ f"! 1 "\ 'T ' 'II t lie lee ' :, asid -lii-oii. 1 the hunter-. At time- va-t -h-ej- SCENES OX THE ROVUMA. \$4\ f lurid flames bursting forth, roaring, crackling and exploding, leap wildly far above tlie tall reeds. Out rush the terrified animals, and amid the smoke arc seen the excited hunters danc- ing about with frantic gesticulations, and hurling stick, spear and arrow at their burned-out victims. Kites hover over the smoke, rcadv to pounce on the mantis and locusts as they spring from the fire. Small crows and hundreds of swallows are on eager wing, darting into the smoke and out again, seixing fugi- tive (lies. S-ores of insects, in their haste to escape from the fire, jump into the river, and the active fish enjoy a rare feast. Great quantities of excellent honey are collected along the river by bark hives placed for the bees on high trees which line the banks. A lew pieces of coal were also picked up. And there was little doubt that, but for the slave-trade, which finds one of its principal outlets eastward through this section, tin- people would be easily led to higher grades of being. And it was equally evident that they occupied a country which would repay with its offerings all the attention which friendly nations might bestow on its benighted occupants. But the Rovuma is less promising as an avenue to the interior than the Shire or the Zambesi, and the expedition was constrained to give up tin- hope of reaching the lake, by that route, and returned again to the Zambesi to battle again with the ills thev knew. They ascended the Shire, in .January, 18(Jo, and passed along amidst the dreadful traces of the recent ravages of Mariano, who was again in the field as " the great Portuguese slave agent." Dead bodies floated past them daily, and in the mornings the paddles had to be cleared of the corpses caught bv the floats during the night. For scores of miles the entire population of' the valley had been swept awav bv the inhuman agent of a government called civilixed, called Christian. It made the heart ache to see the wide-spread desolation ; the river banks, once so populous, all silent ; the villages burned down, and an oppressive stillness reigning when- formerly crowds of eau'er sellers appeared with the various products of their indiMrv. Here and there might be seen on the bank a small, dreary, deserted shed, where had sat, dav after dav, a starving fi.-ln-r- man, until the rising waters drove the fish from their wonted haunts, and left him to die. Tingane had been defeated ; his :>42 DESOLATION ON THE SHIRE. jx-ople had Ut-n killed, kidnap{*-d, and ton til to flee from their villages. Tiit-re were a few wretched survivors in 11 village alx>ve tin- lino; hut the majority of the |K>jmlation was dead. The -ijjht ami smell t.f dead IwHlio were everywhere. Manv per-on- lav beside tin path, where in their weakness thev had fallen and expired. rd- could not convey an adequate idea of the -<-ene of wide-spread desolation which the once ple;is- ant va'.lev of the Shin- presented. Instead of smiling villages and crowd- of people coming with tiling for .-ale, M -in -civ a soul wa- to he ~<-'n ; and when hv chance one liijhtitl on a native, hi- trami- hnr<- the imprc . >t hunger, and \n> <-ounte- nanec tlir Iinik of a crin^in^ lifoken-spiritiHlncss. A drought had vi-i:-d the land alt'T tin- slave-hunting panic swept over it. Lar'_ r '- ma-e- >f p oplc had Hi 1 *! down to the Shire, only anxioii- to 'ji-t the river iM-twet'ii them and their enemies. Mo-t of the ti> 1 had IM-CH left hehind; and famine and starvation had rut oil' -o inaiiv that the remainder were too fe\\ to Imrv the dead. The corp-e- *>-careel\- anv cultivation, \\hieh, f. >r people -o i_MVen to a/rn 'ii 1 1 (i iv a- thev are, \\a- vcrv retiiarkalili* ; thev were .-ecu daily devouring the corn-stalks \\hi--h ha' I -prnirj up in the old plantation-, and whi'li \\onld, if let a!"!!'-, have \-|elde-l corn in a month. 'I hev c..nld not l>o arou-.-d lV"!n their h-lhartrv. Kamine l>eniiinl>- all the taenl- vi>--. Tie- ']' >r\ wa- made to iudtici* -nine (.. c\ert t hein-i I \ i t'.o. I, I. ut 1'ailed. Thev had !<-t all their former .\ltli lacklll-tre eVi--, M-ircely Ill'itm^r those oj their in whining ton.--, repln-d to evi-rv jUMjio-ition lor then- !,.!!. lit " N... no ! ' i".|/ .' -liire- in which OUAVK OF BISHOP MACKENZIE. .'543 :he |MM>r wretches )i:ul breathed their last. A whole heap \i;\<\ been thrown down n slope behind a village, where tin- fugitive* often crowed the river from the cast ; and in ened the conviction of the utter hojH-hss- i.'-s of all enterprise which might seek the improvement of the j -up!" and the utilization of the countrv until the laud should I r relieved of the fatal traflic which flourished everywhere by t ic patronage of Portugal. It is no wonder that I>r. Livingstone turned again toward the s-a with anything but friendlv feelings toward a iroyern- ment who-e "dug in the manger" spirit had made six precious year*, year- ( >f pain and comparative disappointment. Ml-vlM.V . JIATl.l. UN 1JIK CHAPTER XX. THE RKGIXXIX(! OK THE EXD. Zarnl>esi Expedition Unsatisfactory Zanzibar Trade from Zanzibar Tin Outfit Hoviiina Hay Kindany The Makondc Remarkable Vegetation Cutting Right Valiantly Rage for IWtorship Mohammedan Influence Lying Guides Along the Iloviuna Troubles with Follower!* (ium-Copal Tree Extravagant Tattooing Top of the Fashion At Xyoniano The Slave- Trade The Makoa A Woman Rescued Horrors of the Trade in Slaves Currency for Africa Extracts from Journal A Deserted Village A Model Town of Africa. XOROPY was thoroughly satisfied with the Zambesi expedi- tion. It had cost considerable sums of money, much previous time had been consumed, and some vcrv valuable lives had been sacrificed, while comparatively little progress had been made in finding out the country, the anticipations of advantageous com- mercial relations greatly disappointed, and missionary enthu- siasm discouraged. There were however some important dis- coveries made: the fruitful ness of the soil was confirmed, the mineral resources much more accurately ascertained, and thr real enemy of African civilization brought more distinctly into view. There was certainly no want of patient and heroic labor, brave endurance and wise counsel. In none of the record-; of his noble life have we been more impressed with the real great- ness of David Livingstone than in reviewing the journal- of the wearying, unsatisfactory years of this expedition. The difficul- ties with which he contended were onlv recognized bv him when human energy could do no more, and even then he sus- pended his labors only in obedience to the authority which he represented. The little time which he allowed himself at home wa< hardly a season of rest. Besides the preparation of his '' Zambesi Ex- pedition " for the press, he felt constrained to do all in his power in those few months to revive the popular interest in the Afri- 3-15 3-10 ARRIVAL AT ZANZIBAR. can question, ami to arouse jx>j)ular d of January, ISiJ'i, ami having reeeived cominemlatory letter- to the sul'.an of /Can/:l>ar, sailed for that i.-land in the " Thule." a ve--vl which was -tut as a pre>ent to the Miltan l>v the I'miiiliav ^ovenuneiit. Twenty-three days were nipim-d I'm- the pa^>a^e, and on the -Mh of Janiiarv the >hip eiiterer. Livinjj-tom- w:is shown all pi---il,le ropeo-al. Snu|>a!, the hides, the orehilln, the timlnT, and the lilaek slav- - iV'itn Atrie;i. The population ol' the i.-land hardly ex- ceed- tw<> hundred thousand ; alxtut halt' of thi> numU'r re>ide in the i itv. The higher and middle ela--es are represented hv the Ara!>-, the IJanvans, and the Mohammeilau Hindis; Iwlow lhi~e there a re the half-<-a-tes and the ne^ro. Then- are, hoides th'-e ela-~<-, a nuniln-r of Anu*ri"in and KurojH^in residi-nts. Th' - are mainlv government otlieia!-, thoii_ r li a numlxT t>i in- d- \ ii'l- nl in- reliant- an -tra!i^e-t of town-. I lie Aral'- "1 /an/il>ar are Aral.-, pi-f a- they Would IM- anvuhen- <>n earth. I ne Aril) II-A-' r !i :m_'< - ; \\h--rever he <^<-~ he carrii - the eu-toms, dre , and eh.ir.iet.-n-tic pi-eiiliaritie, \\hi.-h di-tin jn:-h the e\acte-t r< -pre-en'a 1 ;\ - - o| h> race in their own emint n---. Nearlv all o! ' t !io-r \\ ho ar- - n in /an/ilar arc e\perienc. . 1 i nivrlh-rs, and th ;r verv eoiinti-naiiee... and carriage tell of -trance and jx-rilou* ftdvontureM and habitual wariin-.-vi and TUADK AT ZAN/IKAR. ;;J7 The principal traders, however, of Zan/ibar seem to lx- the Hniiyans. Many of these have accumulated great wealth, ami it is in their power to take advantage of the poorer native- who come into their hands with their fruits or ivory, ju-t a- th<- rich inav wrong the poor anywhere. The negro is the laboring man of the island, and the lialf-ejiMc is the niseal. The partienlar line of trade which attracts the attention of the Kuropean traveller most anxiously is that of the -lave mar- ket-. It taxes the credulity of the most skeptical to accept the statements of even the most reliable travellers concerning the enormous profits which tempt so powerfully the unscrupulous to this barbarous business. Mr. Stanley, who looked about hiir with the eyes of an accomplished reporter for one of th-- m/ . careful journals of our time, has in his book a paragraph whi< h puts the matter most tellingly: " We will suppose," savs h<-, "for the sake of illustrating how trade with the interior is mai - aged, that the Arab conveys by his caravan 5000 worth '' goods into the interior. At Unyanyembe the goods are worl'i $10,000; at Ujiji they are worth $15,00<\ or have trebled in price. 7.00 will purchase a slave in the markets of I'jiji, \vhich will bring, in Zan/ibar, ?->0. Ordinarv men-.-lavs inav be purchased for <> which would sell lor 8:20 on the. coast. We will say he purchases slaves to the full extent of his means. After deducting $1000 for expenses of carriage to I'jiji and back vi/., .'iO he would buy, at 87. OO each, four hundred and sixty-four .-laves, on which he would realize 8l-'U'-0 on an investment of 800t>0, or nearly S'.HKHJ net profit lor a single journey from Zan/ibar to I'jiji." At the slave market at Zan/ibar, Dr. Livingstone found three hundred slaves exposed ii>r sale, the greater part of whom had come from Lake Nva-sa and the Shire river. One of the women retwmbered hearing of his passing up the lake in a boat, but he found none in the company whom he had .-ce'.i before. The patience of the man who-e heart had been so long set for the lifting up of Africa was hardlv increased bv the -eenes which came so tre- (juentlv before him in the.-e market-. He sav> that "thi.-cuf the .-laves who were old ciioiiLi'li to comprehend their situation seemed greatly ashamed at being hawked about for sale. Their teeth were examined, the cloth which they wore was raided up 21 ;^ TIM: OI-TFIT FOR KXPF.DITIOX. that their lower liml>s might l>e examined, and a stick was 1'i-M-d fur tin- slave to bring that In- might exhibit his paces. < hher- wen- draped through the crowd l>v tin- hand, while the ;'!'' wa- inee-- aiiily calif" 1 >ut. The purchasers of these un- iia;>;iy l.-i:i^- were mostly northern Arabs and Persians." Il.it entertaining a- the s<-euls"'.-., t''ii Johanna ni'-n. nine Nas>iek lxi\--;, two Shn- pan_ r a men. and Wakalani and ( 'hnma, two \Vavan-, Kovs \vlio had Li-en ii!n-rated from the >la\crs lv the diM-tor and I>i-hop Ma'-ken/i.- in !>i-a. Several othi r- of the mm hail l><-en with l>r. L v::!'_'-fone ni In- loriii'-r expedition*. Mu-a. a Johanna man, \vi- a -ai!or on th" " Ladv Nva a Su-i," and Amoda had ren- , 1, -j-.il -, -i \ i' -e n the ' I'ioiieer. ' 'I he Na--Jek lad- \\ere all entire -tranter-, and had K,-en traiii'-d in India. I',\- th- l.indii'-- of Lieut, -nant ( Jarforth, the doef,,r and hi- f'!!o'.\'!'- \\'f- o(], j-i-d pa--a-^e to the nioii'h "t th' 1 IJoyiima in t!i, -lilji " I', ;i jnin," and under date nf Mar- h I !'th, 1 Silt!, \\ e find th'- ''j" ':::!' 'nt r:i!i- in the journal of (hi- expi-dit iojj, towanl \\ !ii'-h t !: I'Vi-i i >! the world turned -o lon-j- and an \iou-ly, in a f.'W \\ord- f-i'l of (I,,- -j.irit of the L M-,-at and :<,. d man: " \\'e -!ar! th:- morniir.: at I" \.M. I trn-! tha' tlf Mo-t lliu'h may pr ,-p- r hi-- in th.- \\orK, ^rai.'ni'j' ni'' influenee in the t-\-,-- of t!i'> h-athin, and h -!pin^ me to make my interculirsc U-iiefiei:iJ U> them." ROVt'MA HAY. ?,49 On the 22<1 they reached Rovuma bay, and anchored alx>ut two inilis from the month of the river, in five fathom- water. Two or three days careful inspection of the river and the neigh- boring lands was enough to reveal the fact that there would be very great difficulty in <-onveying the animals to the interior hv that route, and, following the advice of Lieutenant (Jarfbrth and the captain of the dhow, the party turned hack to Mikindanv hay, which lies twenty-five miles north of Rovuma, and on the evening of the '21 th landed all the animals and hade farewell to the nohle gentleman who had so kindly assisted them with his ship. Our great traveller was now once more safely on African soil, and the great sea ebbing and flowing heedlesslv between him and the sympathies and affection of all who could in an\ sort appreciate his noble self-sacrifice or comprehend the nature and importance of his undertakings. ]ut he was inured t<> tin-- dangers, the privations, the loneliness and toils of travel. Ib was self-reliant, and needed little else than the freedom to look up to give him confidence. He did not underrate the difficul- ties of African travel, lie knew them too well ; but it was hi- thcorv that " the sweat of one's brow is DO longer a curse when one "works for God," and he had become accustomed to appp 1 - ciate severe exertion because it enhanced the charms of repose. The town of Kindany, as a starting point for a great expedi- tion, was no better than no place ; the onlv advantage it oil! n-1 was that which would have existed as well had there been i/ > town there. The harbor is described as unsurpassed, if iinlt . 1 it i< equalled, bv any on the coast. It is entered bv a deep narrow channel, and inside, sheltered bv semicircular highlands, is the deep bav, about two miles square, where ve-sels enjov uncommon seeuritv from the winds which so often fall merei- lesslv on the small coasting ship- of' the region. There are a number of houses lyiu,/>/.< homo, " the low-coast Arabs, three-quarters African." They arc 350 KIM'ANY. after a fashion the subjects of Xan/ihar ; tin ir janiiln acknowl- edges the authority of the -nltan, and tlu-ir insignificant customs are pp-id.-d o\--r hy an "tli'-'-r from Xan/ibar. The animal- whu-h had iHt-n eonvevwl to the coast in the dhow were ' >n-iderab!y knocked up hv the voyage, and some time e!ap-ed while they were getting over their wounds and !>nii-e~ and fatigue. The dekiv was put in Usefully, however, in tli-- manufacture of camels' .-addle- and repairing those for th'- mu!'- and huflaloes. Nature has IK -en more lavi-h of her favor> at Kindany than at other points alon^ the coast. The land is higher, and the -oil i- a!m"-t half <-oral. " < 'oral Px-k underlies the whol pla.-e," and the rill- in thi- rock atl'ord L rn "d water. A dens r tropical vegetation prevails on -ver\- hand, and conspicuous i i th" variou- wonders "fit -tand- the great baobab, (ireat nun - her- of larje -jame are -' n about th>- iiumepni- water-jwMiN, and tin- nominal trader- "f the town have -> little indu-trv th.a then- i- hardlv anything to p-li'-ve the heathendom 1-n.k of tl .- r.-_'ion. Aft'-r enjovin^ innurneralile promi-es of -ervii-c withoi, 1 p'-'iymir the -lighte-t a--:-taiiei-. Living-tone ,-e( out on ht- io-irii'-y, 1" '. ri;i'j -"ii" li'\ ard in tin- dire<-ti"!i of the KOVUIUU '[-. r, with a Somali'- uuid'-. ^\\i" wa- to ree.-iyi- twenty dollais for tak;:i_' him a- far a- Nvomano, the confluence of the I^oendi An eijefnv wliieh the doctor had hojMil to c-ca|M- on thi- route v. i- in waiM!i_r for him. and Ix-lop- he had travelled a do/en m:!e- i? wa- a--' I'tain. d that th-- l>uil!ilo.-~ and eani' I- had h'-ei: h'rt'-n l>v th'- '-'.-. Th- |>i'".:r -- wa- painfully -low at l>e-t, i . I i' '.\ M - a matt'-r of -i-riiiii- anxietv t.. In- t hreat'-ii'-d with -o a' a di'-'i-t'-r a- th" I--- "f hi- animal- - i-arlv in the joiirney. I' : n ' !i : Mi-< 'f Tin-i-d to e.-nii"!-. it u p a- !!''' ~-ar\ !-> intru-t tln-m almo-t 1'iyireJv. and it \\a- -non apparent they - i-xi-. --diii'jly eap-'.--- "t' th" eomf, ,rt and -afefy of th--ir \ I 1. 1 to 'hi- -true to th" familiar maxim, that ' ro'i'.'.' - n- r o-n,. >-in-_'lv " ).,. p-ad t h- \- had t" make lay ?h:-o'i_;)i d'-n-" !'i-i_'!--. wh"p- th" a\e mn-t do it- u-.rk I'.-t'ore th '-nil'- 1 - a 1 : ! I'-ilVa'" - --o-rd po--ili]v advance. T!i'-na''-. ip-in'-.-i th], r- ji"ii ;\r<- known a Makoiidc, THK MAKOXDE. '.'' t \ Their numbers have botMi greatly diminished by the .slave-trade; only a remnant, comparatively, of them are left. Here and there the traveller emerged suddenly mi a little clearing adorned with gardens of sorghum, mai/e and ca->ava. The people wero mneh more interested in the strange animals of the unexpected visitors than in the human members of the cavalcade; even tlu; white man himself did not attract such attention as the ungainly imels. The Makonde proved themselves a pica-ant people and industrious, ready to turn an hone-t vard of calico a- wood- choppers or carriers. They have been the prey of the Arabs from Zanzibar, just as their neighbors lower down the coast have been the prcv of the Portuguese. They have no common government. There is no paramount chief whose authority is reeogni/ed. They are all independent, and bear them.-elvcs independently enough. Of their personal appearance Living- stone says : "Their foreheads maybe called compact, narrow, and rather low; the rs in this regard; for if Dr. Livingstone judged rightlv, African bar- barism would be degraded bv the assumption of Arab virtues. The trade road, which is a path onlv. was along the wadv*, frequently as'-cmling the neighboring heights to take in a village, ami down again to another by the drv channel. The -nil along the route was remarkably fertile. As thev penetrated the eoini- trv, some of the ea--ava bushes were -even feet hiu'h, and the pleasing sight of really heavy crops of' sorghum and mai/e awaited the surprise and delight of' the observer at everv clear- ing. The whole region bore trace.- of ha vim; Ix-en *>nru and in 3T>2 WON DEKFl* L V K< i KT ATION. a state of cultivation in former times. There is a uotiivabiu scarcity of larger vegetation, ami the den.-*', matted, scrubbv crop which resisted their progress so stubbornly that evrn the native choj>|>cni sometime were almost discouraged, had only sprung up sincv the slave-trade had done its devastating work. S)inc of the twining, thorny contestants of the ground, whieh annoyed I>r. Li\ ing-tone mo-t nninereifully, suggested a little n-viTenec for Mr. I>arwin'.i hint> about vegetable in>tinet. One particularly la- >ail " ini^ht be likened to the M-abbard of a diM-_ r Hin'> .-unrd; but alon^ the middle of the flat side rniin u rid^i- Iroin which ,-jirin^- ii|> everv ti-w inches a bunch of ineh- l thorns a fair chance of inix'hicf, it suddenly benU on it.-df, and all its cruel |>oint.s arc pp- -utt-d at ri^ r !it angli-s. with their tbrnier position. It se<'iii- Ix-nt on rui-<-hii-t, and display.- almost malicious delibera- tion in haii^in^ out it.- cruel, tangled limb.-, \\ liich arc sure to intlict .-M-veiT injury on an nnwarv travt-ller. (>tlier climbers are found -o t la-.-, it-i shoot.- mav U- seen liftv or sixty feet oil', \\eaving thelU-)elve> into the colllllloll enl'da^e of the llei^hl M il'liootl. "Another elimbrr i- like the leaf of an ;loc, but convoluted sw >lrangely st-j shavings from the plane of a carpenter. It j- dark L r i''-' p u in enlm-, and when it.- bark is taken off it is heauti- Jull\- striated In-ncath, lighter and darker green, like [he rin^-, of gmwth on w!! -oil need -i-areelv be mentioned, in which all along it- 1-iigth ar- -trong bent hiok-, j.lacel in a way that will huM ojie i: n '-.in but 'ji'appl-- \\ith him, for that i- very eomni"ii ami ix.t l!!v- th-.-e mentioned, uhieh the rallfr sei-in to be -tragL,!' 1 !'.- ti Min the earboniferou-i p-rio<| uf geologist-., when pachydi-rtnata wrigjl-d iin-i-.it h< il aiiKing tanghil ma--'- \\<>r-<- than lhe-r. 1 >; I .r, ing -!-tn< liad !"Veil about ten j<>llv voting Ma !'[ tlp-v ai- a'-' u-loini-d l" '! -aring -|ia'- - tor garden-, and v\ent itt ill-' .-. ..rk -.siili a \\ill, n-in_' tmalia\\ k- \\eli adaptel |i/r tin CUTTING VALIANTLY. .Ui work. They whittled uway right manfully, taking an ax when any tre^ had t<> IK- cut. Their pay, arranged Ix.'forchand, was to be one yard of calico per day : this was not much, -< cin^ they were still so near the sea-coast. Climbers and young trees melted before them like a cloud before the MIII ! They no\v l>egan to descend the northern slope down ti the Royuina, and a glimpse could occasionally be had of the eoiin- trv ; it see nun! coyered with great masses of dark green flirot. but the undulations occasionally looked like hills, and IHTC and there a stereulia had put on yellow foliage in anticipation of the cunuiiiT winter. More frequently the vision was eircnmscribed to a lew vards till the merry wcxxlcuttcrs made the pleasant scene of a long vista (it for camels to pass: as a whole, the jungle would have made the authors of the natty little hints to travellers smile at their own productions, good enough, perhaps where one has an open country with trees and hills, by which to take bearings, estimate distances, see that one point is on the same latitude, another on the same longitude with such another, and all to be laid down fair and square with protractor and compass; but popular hints hardly hold good while a man i- stniggling for existence in the tangled masses of rank vegetation, which, feeding on the steamv, smothering nmistiire from the Indian ocean, springs into marvellous luxuriance. With -iieli a chance, Livingstone assures us one might as well talk of taking bearings while encased in a hogshead with no \\indow but the bung-hole ! It was easier to find out the people and to record such mat- ters as were nearest him. Very few traces of coal were seen, but the doctor mentions having seen grav sandstone like that which is often found underlying that important article. The villagers generally received him with the u.-ual hospitality, ex- changing gilts and kind otlices. The head men of the-e villages needed, ot course, to associate some special power with them- selves, and, as is commonly the ca>e, a->unied the distinction ot doctors. Thev were not so confident, however, in their science. or so wedded to their particular school, as their brethren in near climes, as was evinced by the readiness with which they dis- carded anv possible simples when they had the opportunity of benefiting bv the treatment of the white man. ^T>4 MullAMMKDAX INKI.rKM K. ( >n the lltli of April Livin-.j-to-ite -o:ne r-.l dill'- and near whrre ilic *' Pionwr " had turned la-U in 1^'il. Tin- next day was .'iiinlav, ami it- n--t \\a.- v rv -svect imKntl, though tin- traveller \\ a- -o far an.iv from tin- cheri-hed ((KniilUliion of th->-e who with him mi_dtt r.-j>:-c in the \vur>hip of the pvat (imlaiul -weet e.\|>erit n< - 't .Ii k u-' lovf. M"-t of liis altciulaiii- \v-re Moliainiu' la:i~ in naini- ; ami vvhilt- thfir faith .-i-rvnl a \><>r |uir- JMI-I-, -i> tar a~ th'ir hom-tv and trutltfilliu-ss \\ a> roacrnn-d. it \va- o.u'.-iinrs the ca>e in other ji!aat. The animal haying heeii ri-<-'i\ ed, it.- e\.-eiitioii wa.- in ord r. Thi- H-rvii-e \V;L- oil'.-rcd l>y the S-jm\--, who were protvttlin^ to cut it- throat r.fter the (L-hion in their country, lut the .Johannes were ot' a at liy aiH-th.-r jiattern than that in u-e |y their . 1 .-reli-ioni-t> of' India. The opjMtrttinity was too -..<.,! to lie l.i-t. and a tienv (I <-pute en~u>-d bt'twifii thc.-e >eet> a- to \\ hieh \\ a- the ri^lit .-ort .,. M,,-l,-m. Ijiviii^-toru- wa- now in the lined!' the route he had projevttl y ai - iM-fori', and Iree to re-tune the undertaking wlueh had I til d him tli'-n \\itliont y eonn-ellor- >i - -hi|i-. ! \>- mi^ht i e .-ailed on t.i t-ndnr'- hard-hi|i-, I Mil he <. mid nufh and vijor though uhich ltal iiia-l-- Ki- earlier toil- lighter than they real's \\efe, th-iu_ r h th-A" at' d han I elf iii_ r !i. I i ' .in 1 1 1- p"int \\ iier, he reaeh-d th<- Rciyiitna he led hi- party \\. -! .'. i I'd, a !>n_' the -ide- of that ra-_'--d talile- lan-1 v, hi.-h h-- had formerly -> it fr-im th.- riy--r a- llauk in_ r l>->tli -t-l---. There it upiH-ap'-l a ratr_'e .)' lull-, -liiiltne_ r in the |{-i\uma, h- !- -mly 'pur- \\eri- - . ii juM MI_' < '-i! to ,\ a I'd t he ri\'i-r. ami yalley- r--t inn_^ t- yial in;!-- inland. *- un- : in--- \S'!idin_' tln-ir \s:i\ around th<--'- -I'M!- a;:d -"Hi' 'nit' - !i;lm ' n\er |||. m, a\e in hand, the o.i:t\' advamed 1. m--;i % A ho-e mind- \\-r-' made up; tin-re \\ a-* only one mind \>> ;h- p;irt\ : that mind \\a- ma-le uj>. It \\;u-< a LYIMi < rinppy tiling for all hands that there was no scarcity of food along the jmth ; particularly w:ts it a happy thing for the Scpov-, that rice was plenty, as the supply of" that commodity which should have lasted until the cxfxxlition reached Xvomano was 1'onnd to he exhausted on the l.'Jth. The weariness of the inarch was greater than it should have been lxxruu.se the Sepoys persisted in overburdenim; the camels, I * 1 which they could easily do as Dr. Livingstone was wholly un- accustomed to the animals. The sun too was beating on them with great force, and the men taking their turns with fever. Arab guides are not better than other guides. It is generally the ease that those who guide us for our convenience and their profit seem very unconcerned about how well we are served if our ignorance only abets their impositions. Guides had lied to justify their misguidance before the time of Ben Ali, and if they are not watched they will do it when the wind is playing with loaves above his grave. The particular guide in question now, a i it turned out, owed a duty to a certain comely Makonde wo- man, who resided some distance from the proper path, and like a dutiful husband, though an undutiful iruicle, vowed that the / O ~ / v rontr way was the right one as positively as ever an attorney O O ' asserted the worse the better reason until his point was carried. I; seems to be no trouble to the Arab guide any more than to ai attorney when the point is carried to confess the "sharpness" of the transaction; and lien Ali guided his employer hack when li f had comforted his spouse and reassured her of his atleetio.il as pleasantly as he had led him aside. The policy of the Arabs is like that of the Portuguese they strengthen their influence with the natives by coming down to them. They do not elevate the African by it. They only degrade 1 themselves and increase the diiliculties to be met by those who aim at the elevation of the people in the scale of' manhood. The people among whom they were passing were very rude. The women particularly seemed to ignore all restraints, and >ur- passed the men in the indecency of their deportment. The men, like true lovers, engaged with eagernes> in cutting a pndi. and the hope of having a yard or two of cloth to make their wives' dresses imparted marvellous charms to the hard work- ; it wa- de- lightful to hear their merrv shouts and witness the almost childish AI.OM; THK KOVUMA. ^lee. with which they marched again-t the most cruel jungles of thorns ami briers. The higher up the river they went the more extravagantlv barbarous were the s|>eeiineiw of tattooing and lip-rings which presented them-elves. There were very few animals -em. hardlv anv indeed ; none exist scarcely in the ountrv through which they passed exivpt elephants, hippopotami and pig-. A-eendin.: the Kovuma, thev were still in the territory of the Makonde, and retracing in large measure the former route, ex- cept that in-tead of -ailing along the river thev were walking along the highland- and vallev-. Now and then a familiar face wa- proentcd to the doctor, and -onic faces associated rather un- plea-antlv with the events of his former expedition. The camels :ind buffaloes were fivipienllv bitten by the t.-et.-e without ex- hibiting sjxvial inconvenience. At the N an trad i river, a broad stream which rise- in a lakelet nine eight or ten mile- from the Kovuma, Ih-gins the territory i f the Mabiha. A few mile- above thi- gap the -out hern high- lands fall awav, and there arc broad mar-he- known a- the Ma- tembwe flat.- ; numerou- lakelets arc -ecu gli-tening in the sun- shine here and there ; and awav from the.-e flats extend- the M at em b we cotmtrv, tamoii- for it- beautiful women, and boasting an astonishing .-upjilv of elephants and gum-copal. Such a eoiintrv ct.nld hardlv fiil to attract the Arab trader.-. < )n the '2~il\\ of April 1 >r. Living-tone W;LS at a village called Nachiiehu, enjovmg the dav o! re-t .-o welcome to the man who ha- fulfilled the condition- of liti- on which the great .Ind^c pn- dieated tip' con-ecrat ion o!' the -eventh dav. Men onlv find to complain of one of ( iod'- requirements \\hen th'-v No one command of ( I >d i- hard \\hcn the other* N'obodv will think the Sabbath dull \\lio approaches i'oi it- n -t to body and -pirit bv a faithful einploy- -i\ dav-, and bv a proper ap]ireeiat ion of the ivla- i:!v - t forth in th<- PiiUe. Living-tone \va- <_ r reat!v I : 1 1 n o i I M -i 1 1 L; able t o e< 1 1 1 1 n 1 1 1 n i < a t e with the n : 1 1 1 \ ' - . N i- 1, IM.V-. on \\ horn lie |, ; ,d de|,-nded a- iind< r- tan ding th- ir lan_'iia_'e i i uJ, him un- i !v, and In- i-oiild onlv take -n<-li r> ]n > -enr.i' ;, ,ii- ot tin m a- All ^ave ; he had "i ut hi- cla--. and lie n are i a TIIOI'HLKS WITH FOLLOW Kits. \^ ) - of (hat which they are unwilling to attempt. It is ea.-ier to suv ilmt such heathen as these along the Kovunia cannot !><; taught any thing than it is to teach them, therefore the eoveton- representatives of the Moslem creeds siiy with eagerness: '' Thev cannot lx i instructed; they know nothing of (iod; have no idea of (Jod ; it is impossible;" that is the way lien AH talked about the Makonde on Sunday at Xaeliuchu. While examining a specimen of the gum-copal tree with borne of these Makonde, in the vicinity of Xachuehu, there was at least a little evidence picked up which contradicted the Arab-,' representations. The people dig in the vicinity of modern trees in the belief that more ancient trees, which dropped their gum before it became an article of commerce, must have stood there. Speaking of this, some of them said: u In digging none may be found on one day, but (iod (Mungu) may give it to us on tin- next." This simple remark, made as naturally as any other, revealed certainly more than an idle dream only of (iod. It breathed much like faith, and not improbably expressed a spirit of submission to (iod and dependence on his care which Ben AH had never dreamed of, although a boasting follower of / O O Mohammed. As may be seen by a glance at the map, Livingstone was only about one hundred miles from the coast at Xachuehu. The villanons vagabonds who had charge of his camels subjected him to the inconvenience of distressingly slow travel. The difficulties had been great enough supposing his attendant- the. best, but between rascally Sepoys and impenetrable jungles it had been impossible to make more than four miles a day. After leaving Xachuehu the country was more open, and the party ad- vanced without the continual cutting that hail been neec.-sary before. Livingstone described the .-cencry as beautiful. The country was covered with great masses of umbrageous foliage, mostlv of a dark green color; the leaves of nearly all the trees have the glossiness of the laurel. The kumhe or gnm-copal tree is conspicuous among the tree- of these tbre.-ts. and perhaps possesses for the traveller more intere.-t than anv oilier on ac- count of the important contribution it makes to the .oinmeive of the countrv. Burton make- more particular mention of tin- tree than Dr. Livingstone does: he savs, "it i- bv no means a 3-VS THE GUM-COPAI, THEE. *-rul>l>y thorn, :L- sum.- have suppose*! ; its towering bole hit-* formed canoe- -ixtv feet long, ami a r-ingle tree hits biiHieed for the ke!-on of a l>ri_'. The average -i/'-. however, is ulxmt half that h'-i-Jit. with from three to six feet girth !U-.ir the ground ; the hark i- -ni""th : the lower branches are often within the reach of :i man'- ham!, at) I the tree freipientlv emerge- from a natural ring-ieiiceof d n-e vegetal ion ; the trunk i.- ot' a yellowish whiti-h tin^e, rendering the tret- con-piciiou- amid the dark African jungle _ ro \\ : h - ; it i- dotted with exudation- of raw gum which i- found -'-altered in !>]!-. around it- lia-e, and is infe.-ted l>v ant-, e-pei-ia!!v li\ a !'in_r ^in-jer-eoloreil and semi-transparent varietv. called l>v th-- pi-i-ple maii-m'oto, which means Iniiling water, friim it- lierv hire. The -p'-cia! intcp-t atfa'-hing '" 'he tree i~ on account of it- gum, wliieh i- prolialily th-- oiilv article convert ilile into the finer varni-h' - !i"\\ -.o exten-ivelv in u-e throughout the i-ivilix-l world. It i- not the '_Mim '\iiic!i i- collected from the tree* which [ i i- thi- peculiar e\eelh-n<*e. Thi- i- di-t iii'_ r ui-h"d a.'- raw eopal, and i- of cojnparaiivelv little value. The true nr r ; jte copal, jii'op.-i-lv ca!!-d -amlum-i, i- the proplicric ii.flii'-ii'-e lt:i-. like ainli- r and -iniilar 'jum-re^in-, heeii Lit j- njeni/ed in al I it- punt v, t he volatile principle- 1 n-in^ fi \< <1 1 v li'o<-tii:'' and l>v tip- e\|iiil-ion o| external air. 'I here are mai v fiit- and [H-ciiHant ie- !\ii"\\n onlv t" tho-f who.-e inten--t.- coiti- ] -1 them to -i a: - eh tip in out. A- a rule, the elear and -eii.i- t -an-p'tri -nt an- the !>>-!. Acr-ordiug to -ome authoritio, the JM!1I '.'. ll' II !OMJ- l.'pt 111- Itei-n o!)-el'Ved to chailL'c it- tillje. export'd 'Viv vear Ironi Xan/ilar. Ano'h- r tree d- -!<- iiej- -peeial mention wa- the mal,,le. The JIM in ot tli>' \\ood oi' '!ii- tree i- parlicularlv line, and it i- -o! |_d.f ani"M_' all ' ll-' free. Iweatl-e r,f if . e\ce]le|iei' III t he iplali- t; f -!!!) _ I h and ela-t ieitv ; m ai !\ all t he 1 .. ,\\ - of t he count rv ar-- ma-!' ot' it. Tie- fruit, ho\\e\e|-. tlioii-h -o verv tniptin^ to ?1|. . . !..nn- o;i!\ a t'-a-I (or ina-j-jof-. I ,;\ in. '-'"!! appi'-'iat'd ver\- hi_-!il\ the natural l>e.aii! i- - "l" the region, Hut a- h' advanced, the itnwnrth\ Indian attend- ant- l.e. aim in- i - a-;n/' \' \\nrtlde--. 'I h- \' ti"--<--ed marv I !"ii- I KXTUAVAGAXT TATT:> voracity, and, besides, a most unnatural i-apucity, which without any peculiar attainment would have told dreadfully on i\u: stock in store of precious food. I>e-idc- their wonderful capacity they wen? most remarkable dyspeptic- ; accomplished l-yond all conception in the unpardonably wasteful art of ejecting in- stantaneously what they had eaten, their voracioii- j,u\\crs were only equalled l>v their ama/ing vomition. If those Sepovs were specimens of their cla-s ihen would wo advise all travellers to beware of Sepoys. I'Yoin the frecpicncy with which Livingstone eotnplainetl of this hatch we are im- j>ressed that they should have gone with him for nothing and paid extra board besides. Hither the cruelties of the-e men or the tsetse, or both, were beginning to tell on the camels and tl'C buffaloes. They were rapidly becoming a burden rather than a help. The people, however, when thev had Ibod were - quently, if occasion oilers, the women of the Makonde beennie victims. There is hardlv a .-adder picture of home lite than is presented bv a little A frican village about which a hast\" stock; dc has been thrown, behind which the people LLO timidly about their duties, in hourly expectation ofthe enemy who has fixed avaricious eyes on the choicest of their number. After crossing the X'Konva,a bountiful stream flowing out of the highlands from the north into the IJovurna. the !a-t ot'tho range which flanks the river on that side was -ecu. and the country which lay before them was a plain, with a few detached granitic peaks shooting up. In this neighborhood there were some very remarkable specimens of' personal ornamentation di played with unconcealed pride. The fa-hiou of the re^! >n called for an extravagance of' tattooing. The loyely belle- \\h<- displayed their proportion- with shameless freedom \\vre not onlv adorned, as are other maidens of the land, about their faces and breasts, but their entire persons seem t" have been at the command of the artist, and especially elaborate were the designs '.}(', 'I TOP OF THE FASHION. that graced the humbler parts. The hijw displayed uncommon skill, and were surpassed only by the eccentricities which were 1 traced along thox- jxwterior convexities which our refined con- ventionality blushes to denominate but African belleauties called at the do. 'tor's camp at the village of Nyamba, and presented a verv acceptable basket of soroko and a fowl, and a> a specimen of the native women of the section it mav lx- mentioner. Living- .-tone, viewing j>eo|)le as he (lid with the eye of a scientist, means more in Africa than it could mean in those nearer climes where {!)< art- of cirili/ation have so (jivatlv facilitated the dis-_rui>e of all deformities and irujx-rft-ctions ; there is no place for shams, no possibility of padding in a land where a lady's attire consists of a few Mrand- of beads, and po^sihlv a few inelus of cloth. After leaving the end of the rani^e, pa.-? in if westward, the " journal " mentions, among the noticeable natural changes, "first of all, sandstone hardened bv lire; th-n ma -co of granite, a- if in that had been contained the i^uemi- a^eiicv of partial metamorplnKis ; it had al-o lifted up the .-ami-tone, so as to can-e a dip to the ea.-t. Then the .-venite or <_ r ranite >eemi-d as if it had Iw-en melted, ibr it wa-all in stria', which >tri:e, as th -v do elsewhere, run ea-t and weod-ciittii);_ r ." I> \siili t he animal- at .Ipondc, \\hich >t- provoking iii'-iibn- of eighteen or twi-ntv la/v li-1- low- who \\'i-'- r- -tardin^ hi- work almo-t insufTerably. A Kill V A I. AT NYOMANO. One of the plagues to which (lie country IKK! IMHTI subject w rt'i invasion of the Ma/itu, whose plundering pro|ntiHitiefi con- Ktitutc one of the most serious evils in nil the lake region ; another was a verv distressing drought. As lie advanced the embarrassment became greater. The Ma/itu had -wept the land liUe a cloud of locusts. They had inspired the whole popu- lation with terror. It was almost impossible to get his carrier* along, and as the south side of the river promised Iwtter 1'are ho at length consented to their entreaties, and they passed over and journeyed on to the Loendi just alx>ve its continence with the Rovuina, and though it retainev the men in search of food. Meantime, also, word was sent hack to the Scpovs, Imt his efforts to make something of them were more honorable to himself than effectual. The time passed heavilv ; verv short marches. The journal of his travels for days contains verv little besides the annoyances experienced with hi- trifling escort : thev had so abused the camels that thev were most of them dead, and none of them any longer lit for service, while thev themselves could scarcely be trusted to carry anything of value. In the Matembwe country he was in the favorite field- <>f tli^ Arab slave-traders. K very where the hut- were seen which these traders had built to screen themselves from the sun. Manv of the people were found supplied with guns, and the Around was strewn with slave-taming sticks, which s^ave sorrowful evi- dence of the multitudes of poor creatures who had fallen down under the cruelties of their master- while on the march to the market at the coast. Livingstone was now indeed penetrating SC'J THK SLAVK-TRADK. the continent for the sjnviul pur|x>se of deciding some groat geographical oor un- taught In-ings who had been made its victims. The temptation which these traders have to ofler readily atl'eets the minds of many of the natives who exercise a petty authority v. r their fellows. Sometimes those who are sold are <-ipt!ves in some village war; sometimes they are accused of a tritlitiLT crime as a justification, and they are soinetiims simply taken bv violence and sold. There is verv little difficulty alxxit an Arab with beads or cloth obtaining all the claim he desires t" anv particular man or woman on whom he mav fix hi-' ehoiiit, and when once the slave yoke is on the. unfortunate creature, 1 < mav hardly hojx? to escape. ( )n the ll'th of .June, Livingstone mentions p:is.-ing a woman tied by the neck to a tree dead ; at other times men were found stabbed, some who had been shot or struek with tin.- axe. These the natives said were tho-e who ha 1 IMI-II -o unfortunate as to fall down of fatigue ; thev were n i longer able to walk, and must btvome the victim- ol' the a 111:1 f of their m:i-ters, when it was clear tliat thev could not eoi.- tribute to their wealth. Livingstone lo-t no opjMrtunity to urge on the minds of the head men of the villages with whom he came in contact the great and irreparable mi-chief they were doing themselves by hearkening to the voice of their tempters ; warning then, that the trade which seemed to enrich them for the timewa- rapidly depopulating their village*, leaving their i_ r ardeu- de-olate and diminishing their strength. These head men -eftned to be a little uneasy about il. Tli-v n^igni/ed the unri^lit>-oii-tie-- of -i-Hing their people even according to their 1- of ju-t ii-e and wi-doin, but thev \\.-re up to the old il.Hiiui'j -oine one d-e |i>r their liuili-. N'illage aft- r .'. Inch \\a- pa->~<-nc of the-e village- had on!v i ;. .1 a t'-'-.v hour- before Living-ton.- . n:. ;.<] it ; it- in- habitant- lri'1 i!i"\ . . 1 ot]' in a l>o.|v Inward-* the \oti mbtii- coiiti- trv, \\h--r-- l"o.) '.'.a- more abundant, and a |>o..r little ;_'iil was loini'l in oii- "1 tip' Imt.-. Slie \\a- too weak to fravel, and had U-.-n left l.-'hind. and tip-re i- a \\ealth told ofa child in this tribe which was deformed from his birth. He hail an abortive toe where his knee should have been ; some satd to his mother, " Kill him ; '' but she replied, " How can I kill > A WOMAN ray son?" lie grew uj> arid had many fine sons and daughters, hut none deformed like himself. Af(-r leaving the village of ( 'hirikaloma. while paii-inir rdon u h'-r neck; .-he called in such an authoritative tone to them to witness tin- flagrant injustice of which she was the vi'-tim that all the nien -tool still ami went to hear the case. She wa- a near relative i>f ('hirikaloma, and was goini; tip the river to IK r hu-land, \vhcn the old man I at whose house she was n\v a pri-oner) caught her, took her -crvant awav from her, and kept h'-r in the degraded .-tate they saw. The \vitlus with whi'-h she was Ixmnd were trnt-n aiiappv. The old man said, in jii-;iti<-atioii, that .-he was running auav from Chirikaloma, and h-' would lx? oflendi-d \\ith him it' he did nut xvure her. Liviii'j-tone a-ke r on to her hu-hand. 'Ihi" woman was evidently a lady amon^ them ; her -ii|x:- r:onty not only con-i.-tni in the rank which a wealth of line ln-ad- indiettteil, hut -he \\ a.- manifotlv a woman of uneoinmon -pint-. Sh.- provrd her-rlf w.-ll worthy of the kindness -he Irid I'-'-'iyi il. l)uriii'_' the fe\y day- in whirh -he \\a- \\ith LivinLT- -!o:i-'- parly, her di-portinent wa- that of a lady, kind and help- j'll.lm' ml'-t and r-t irin-j enoti^h to -ati-lV rvi n the ta-tidimi- p;-;i li-ii'-i- of the nio-t i-i -iiiicd. And -h-- wa- not ungrateful. >he h i 1 !M.;I ri -rncd from a dri-adf'ul fin- indeed; a few niom.-ni- t:!i !' or laf'T -!( mi'_'ht havr retirhiil no triendlv, pit\in_ r i-- ii !P r rri- -. ^ i-, t hen- ar* 1 ear- al way- open to the n v I'tii- oppri--iil ; thi-re a'e i ve- th.it a!\va\- l>.-nd pityingly on -'lil'-rin _'. S ,Mi.'tim-, ih.- J.opl allow- tin- yoke to en: d'-i-p! v into I In- n- k th.it !n-ar- it , lint do. - In i-vi-r tor_''-f to !. h 'r.i'-io!i- '.' \\"i!l IP- di-rr./:ird th- rr\- "t" l-'.:hiopia \\hrn -h- *l r >'} r - out h'-r h.nd- unto him? and when the 1 1 me of hi- do- IlOItltOIlS OF THK TUADK J N KLAVKS. .>G7 livcranrc eome-, will ho not avenge the wrongs which In- ha witnessed '.' The marks of the dreadful trade became more and more frc- t heen committed ly an Aral) who pa ed by, in his anger at losing the price he had paid lor her, when he saw that .-he could walk no farther. The head men of the villages seemed greatly troubled and alarmed when they were told of so many dead bodies of their people, who had been killed by the slaver-, and were not blind to the reasoning of Livingstone when he .-it- tempted to show them that those who sold these poor creature.- to the Arabs were sharers with them in the guilt of the.-e mur- ders. As the party came nearer Mtarika's place, the country became more mountainous, and the land, sloping for a mile down to the south bank of the Kovuma, supports a large population. Some were making new gardens bv cutting down trees and piling the branches fur burning ; others had stored up lar^e (juantities of grain and were moving it to a new localitv, but they were all so well -upplied with calico (Merikano) that thev would not look at IV. Livingstone's; the market was, in lift, glutted by slavers from Quiloa (Kilwai. On a.-king why peo- ple were seen tied to trees to die as we had seen them, thev gave the usual answer' that the Arabs tie them thus and leave them tn perish, because they are vexed, when the slaves can walk no farther, that thev have lo-t their nionev bv them. The path was almost strewed with slave-sticks, and though the people denied it, Living-tone suspected that they made a practice of following -lave caravans and cutting oll'the sticks from th"-e who tall out in the march, and thus stealing them. I'v -.-llin^ them a^aiti they might get additional juantities of cloth. Some a-ked for gaudy prints, of which he had none, becau.-c he knew that the general taste of the Africans of the interior is for .-tivn^th rather than .-how in what thev buv. These people were, however, M> well supplied with white calico bv the slave-traders that it was found to be a dru_: in the 36S (TKKKN* Y FOR AKRK'A. market ; it was imp-^il>lc i<> p-t i\><\ i'^r it. Mtarika's oM placv wa- rcaeh.il tir-t. Th-- Unviinia u a< there alx>ut one lniii'lnil vard- wide. I he n-t \\iiieh wa- indulged in at this |>oint wa- refre-hin_ r . a- iv-t imi>: eve T l>e to lidiit-i worker- \\ ho take it with clear con-eicnee- ; hut it wa- obtained at a eo-i which a!ni'>-t turned the rd^c of it. The aniiu<*latioM<* wciv paid l'>r d'-arlv with the Ke-t (n^f-- cA,'/,,x. Tin 1 ivailcr has sun-lv cnjiir t< iinil'r~taii'l \<>\\'^ a^ that, in Afriixi, tin' <>n!y l>ank n>t<-. arc pic<-is of rliith, an 1 tho cmlv hanl IIXHK v, licails aii'l the like. When Mr. Stanlcv rntefe.l AiVica in -carcli -t I >r. Living-tone, he carried ->rvrral tnm <<] rnrr< /!<'/, and then wa> -rnctinies in danger of riinnniLT .-li'-rt. ^\ ith the nnconi f!iou oiitlav :it the re-tiii'_f-j'lace lie obtained rnlv one meal a d.n , The p. ..|i!e were \\'ai\'an, a- wen- all the pc.ijilc from then- mi t.> the lake. Thev a re a- deeply intiTotnl in tin- flavr-tradf ;is anv pe iple in l-'a-t Africa, and copv the Ai'ali- in vari'"is liiatt-T- -dl'i'-s, ehe\vin._r fliaceo, etc. The I;-' -f animal-, h: 1 now dwindlet] down l a poodlr-doj-, kn-iun in the u!d lind i-n! r.id;<'at'd that tlic people ||-ld c\'er -'-ell a \\lllte !li:l!l lietn!',-. A f th-- !i--'.v town of Mtarika, \\hi-h wa- entered, a INT a -h'-t inareh. "M t!i- !',d of .Iul\-, thev eame nit an intei'<-: inj; -c. 5 . '1 hi- el.;.-? I. ad '_''i'he!vd alciiit him an nniii'-ii-e population, and the II--'.-, '..\\M had Keen laid out <|ii:!e rc'jnlarlv ovr an ana mile- in e\f.-ut. Mtarika \va- a " l>i_ r n_'!v man," full (if i-Jiutioii and eiir" .-i! v. I' -eeii|.-(| unailvi-altlc to att'-mpt to f.llow the K"Viimi fnrth'-r. I /. . i n_ f -'' Hi'- had now ii" doiiht alfiiil it- llowiirj frotn I.ak'- N'.'i--a. which wa-oulv aluitit -:\"-' mile- a\\a\'; and to i-tiittinU' ") that roii'.- he would ! -ulijo-t>i| (<_'! at in-'o'i V'-lli' II"" '.-a'l-e of' the Ull-alallll'lie-- i.f hi- _' 1-, a- tl.e mark'*- in that ilirti-timi \'.-\< -arl\' "", :'-'o> k> d alrcadv hv vii- \- !'- ; !..-.;,!. - t|,,. v v. .,u!d IM- .-omp- lied, a> he a-vrtain. d. ;,,![-"-- -' \ ; t! rivi-r- fl> >., in_ r ini> t ii- K' '\'um i ;'.-. .-n t lie -. nit h. and th- M ii pa--in_' ai - "iii'l t!i' i;trth rn - rd "! th' lak- \M''ild * ainoii _' 1 1,. \ :';di, '\ h- are on!\ -nrp:: - ! i n I h- :r t Ii i- \ i it ' fu-i ] .>!!-:! ;- ! v : h, \[, ,. i' i|_ \\ h- im tin', ha 1 , e i. ...'! 1 a- n- EXTRACT FROM LAKT JOFRNAL. ;{(jy pants of (lie hind. It was therefore determined t> turn south- ward and push on a good eight davs march arrows a desolate region t tin- town of Mtittiku. Accordingly on the morning of the ">th the party passed on to Mtendi, the last chief, until thev .should reach Mataka. It was a serious undertaking eight davs jotirnev through a wilderness desolated bv famine, where no human habitation could be expected to appear, but Living- stone was accustomed to serious undertakings. A page or two from Livingstone's journal, just as the experiences were put down on the evening of each dav, cannot fail to interest the reader, and we are glad to have it at hand. "./*//// 7. We got men from Mtendi to carry loads and show the wav. lie asked a cloth to ensure his people going to the journey's end and behaving properly ; this is the only case of anything like tribute being demanded in this journey. I gave him a cloth worth o.s. Cxi. Upland vegetation prevails; trees are dotted here and there among bushes five feet high, and fine blue and yellow flowers are common. AVe pass over a succession of ridges and valleys as in Londa ; each valley has a running stream or trickling rill; garden willows arc in full bloom, and also a species of sage with variegated leaves beneath the flowers. "Jn/if 8. Hard travelling through a depopulated country. The trees are about the size of hop-poles, with abundance of' tall grass; the soil is sometimes a little sandy, at other times that reddish, clavev sort which vields native grain so well. The rock seen uppermost is often a ferruginous conglomerate, lying on granite rocks. The gum-copal tree is here a mere bush, and no digging takes place for the gum : it is called mchenga, and yields gum when wounded, as also bark, cloth, and cordage when stripped. Mountain masses are all around us ; we sleep at Linata mountain. ''./"// D. The Masuko fruit abounds: the name is the same here as in the Batoka countrv ; there are also rhododendrons of two species, but the flowers white. We slept in a wild spot, near Mount Le/iro, with manv lions roaring about u- ; one hoarse fellow serenaded us a lotpj; time, but did nothing more, (lame is said to be abundant, but we saw none, save an A I>KSKI:TKP VILLAGE. ''July 10 timf 11. -Nothing to interest but the same wear* trudge : (ur food -o M-arce that we can only give a handful oi half a i*>mid of grain to i-ach jx-rson JHT day. The Ma-uko fruit is tonii< r heard, though there is both !<>od and water in the inanv rain-bear ing :;ra-MS ami running -tivam-, which we en>-> at thr junction of everv two ridge*. A dc.id Ixnlv lav in a hut bv the wav-ide; tli-- |nnr tiling had l>egun to make a garden bv the treain, probably in hop*-- of living long enough (two months or si on wild 1'ruit- to p-ap a erop of maixe. ".///'/ 1'J. A dri/xling mi-t -et in during the night and eon- tinii'-d tin- nioriiin^ ; we -et oil' in the dark, however, leavir^ our l:\-l lood ('.r ihe havildar and Sepo\ - who had not vet come up. The -tn-am- are now of good si/.e. An Arab brand v IMI tie wa.- Ivis.j- br-!x'-;i i;i one village milled M-apa. \\'e hurried on as fa-t a- \\>- <.,u!.l to the Lnati/e. our la~! >ta^i- bell ire Betting to Mataua'~ ; tin- -tr-aiu i- rapid, about li>rtv \':ird- '.\ ide, \\-ai-t deep, \\itll IMailV pod"-telllo||> it!) tile bottom. The eollillrv !_ r et- rnore and nio|-e undulating and i- enventl with ma--e- \' ^r.-en foliage, ehii-tlv Ma-nko tre.-, \\hieh ha\c lar^e hard l-a\i--. Th- -re are hippopotami farther down the river on it- \\av to tin- IxH'iidi, A little net- whieli had been kept for me I dividnl, but -om,- did not ta-te lood. "./"'// ].",. A g "od manv stragglers Ix-hind, but \\c pn-h on t-< v"-t l""d and --ntl it baek to them. The -oil all ivddi-h e!av, th< roa 1- balv-'d hard bv the -un, and the fret of manv of u- are \\varv and -on- : a \M-arv nnreh and long, for it i- jMTjH-tually up and do\\ :i MOW. I counted lii'ieen running streams in om d.lV : th'A ar- 1 a! til-' boltolll of the ValleV wlliell -ep;U - ate- the rj, !_'-. \\ - j-ot to the brow of a rid^-- about an hour from Mi f :tk;.'- tir-t L'ardi-n-, and all were > t inil that \\ e remained to ~\. ji ; I ill! we !ir-t invited Volunteer- to _-o on and 1 >IIV lood. and liiitij i; !'!'!. t-arlv n>-\t morning: ih-v had ! ! p!'--d to do 'I,;- du:v. ./''/ II. \- -iiir \ o!mit'-T- did not eom.- at > A.M.. I -! oil fo >ii- the '"iii-. , and at!- T an hour "i | rp- Mi:i! up and d .\ n III if h, a- 1 d'--'''iid'd ill- -( i-p -lupi- \vllieil oVi-rlmik- th- lir-t ^ardi-n-, I -a'. 1 . m\ tri nd- -' irt up at the jippanl i"ii lh-v \\ f r^mfortablv eookinj p<-! i !!/ li.r tlein-'-lve- I - nt Me n of A MODKL TOWN OF AFRU'A. .'{71 Mataku back with food to the stragglers behind ami came into his town." An A ral>, Sef Rupia, ett!e comfortably \\ith almost as much despatch u.- an army can pitch its tents. The famous chieftain, Mataka. kept his visitor waiting some time on the verandah of his hou.*e, but when he made his appearance his good-natured face wa.- wreathed in smiles. lie was about sixty, dressed as an Arab, and too good-humored to conceal his enjoyment of a good laugh ; and it was not long before he had the wearv traveller snuglv set up in a square house like his own, where we will allow him a little breathing time. ( 1 1 A P T I : Pv XXI. AI'I'KoAc llIN(i N YASSA. A f'ru^M -if M:ttak:i Tip- \V.i:y:iu I.i\ iir.'-t.in,- and th- Aral"* The Town of M.H-tnli.- IrL- Siii'-liiiu" <':iu-'--"I" I >'--.lati"ii - \V:iiyau IV-vriUil - I.iviiiir- t. .i,r' I.-:r- - Sl:i\ . Tr.i'l- : !>". it l'.i\ ' > |...y* v.Mlt hark Mountain* - >|.rn,.> Ir.,:. A |.|.p ..-.. hi,,.- N \ .i-.i l.i\ ir,^t..n. ' U. virw ..f Ins t;.,ut,- Th. \V.i'.-r-!,..| |..-i,-.i] r..nu:Hi..M> Ku.'ln.-. ..f III.- 1V.,|,1,. T>; Sin-jit I'm-., An I x .i!i.|.:.- -.f i !ir.Mi:in- !n.-,,i, v.-ni.-ii. l'l--iii- l-ji-Ii-li Ar.il.i a.- .-.[:. -r- \ l>..:il.:!ul <^>i. -11. .11 >. iti. ! I'..M Miiii!..i Amuiiil tin- !'.( .f I!i.- I..IN-- \'.. I! irtirjU.il,.- Kii'.-. n >:l. - -I ' '!! N':!l.i-.'. l'.r..k- Tin- I irt K'ir..|~-.iii S.-.-:i -ii.-IT..k linn" \ViK.,t.ii;i I'iii-l- l:r!.itiv.-> >.ill- Milking - l.u-i, :>[,..- >!.i\,-H :,. a I'-,, \V., r k II..!i..r.iM.-. IN iHir ciMiiturtalilt* hiu^, >iirrnuiiilrl liv tin- coiivciuriicts a.nl i \; i'ava_ r :iii'-'-- aH'onliil l>\ i-tiitnn- and \\callli, tin- ]|-ci-|cct i, tun \VI'K- f'-'T at inn in an Ati'i'-an villaifr ulnn- no white MI-HI liad rv-r l>.'ii lct'-n-, \\iih r\ iii'j ira/c (!. -nnjili -t -!!_'_'-[ ;o;i~ of n.i;ii]f in ihrir ciilinarv art. and tin* .- 'i'tv o{ tlii' ino-i nut nlor. (] licailifii, wmilii hardlv IM- i-allc;. Living-loin- \\a- lii!!\- pn |Kin-il to a|>|>n iatc til-- kindii ^ ot' M itaua vi-rv hijhlv. 'I In- rlii. f pruvi-d him-flf a v< r\ _'i-ii'-roii-. ho-jnta'ilt 1 man, and rctvivrd kitidlv tin- MI^- ^"--tuni- n! 1 >;. Living-toil'-, and -it-nu-d to ii|"\- I-XITI dm^lv ou\. r-.i'ioii .i'"ii! ill-- i-n-ioin- and im|ifo\ . -im nt- ot tin- i-oijn- tis "t t!t>- s\!nt- man. II- had li'-n a \ r\ ai'tivc part i< i|'.int ;u t h'- -!a\ ' 1 1 .td> . and \\ i IM < d -oiii' 1 1 m - iiinli-r t In atv'imi nt.-< ft h ; - \ , - 1 * or, n h i' !i -i . i HI d to n in\ |i t him i it 'j'"' at tol i \ a I id \\ :o[i_' in tii.i' in. t't.t. Ih- to\\ M i- nut t.ir from tin' \\a--a "niutrv, to':ud \\i,!.li I ,i\ ur_'-tonc \\a- |oii nn \ i n j-. 'I h<- \\ai\an II.IM- i--n |.|:t\- ,_ n< ! a! ! v -ujijilii-d uith j/uiii and UVINCJSTONK AND TMK ARABS. .'i73 such other appliances of war as may make them useful allies of the Aral* traders. The plan pursued by these traders, with considerable success, is to come iut' a NVaiyau village, show tin; goods thev have brought, are treated liberally by the elders, and told to wait and enjoy themselves, slaves enough to purchase all uill be procured : then a Ibrav is made again-t the Manganja, who liave few or no gnus. The \\'aiyau who come against them are abundantly supplied with l>oth by their coast quests. Several of the low-coast Arabs, who dill'cr in nothing i'roin the \Vaivan, usuallv accompanv the Ibrav, and do busine.-s on their own account: .Mataka himself .-aid that he W:LS growing tired of it and desired to settle down in quiet. It was not the poliev of 1 Jving.- tone, as some have supposed, to put him- self in antagonism with the traders who were traversing the country ; he was only an individual, and bent immediately on t'le solution of problems connected with the great water-courses c f the countrv, a work bearing, indeed, directly, but only re- i lotely, on the condition of the people of the continent. lie was, 1 owcver, a Christian man, a philanthropist, a missionary at 1 cart, and as far as lav in his power sought to break the power c f the evil which he saw extending its mighty coils all over the hind. The Arabs always sought to avoid him, apprehending that his mission was to break up their trade. lie had no thought of doiiiLT that, except so t!ir as it might be diminished 1 y the moral influence he should be able to exert. And on this ournev, as on those through the more southern countrv. the personal power of the man was shown, as much as in anvthing else, by the readiness with which he impressed his ideas of right on thi' minds of the people among whom he appeared as an entire stranger. Living-tone was particularly favorably impressed with the country surrounding Moembc, as Mataka's town was called. Immense tracts of this cmintrv lie uninhabited, the scene onlv of the undisturbed revelry of wild beasts. To the northca-t of the town at least liftv miles O f splendid land lies neglected an unanswerable prote.-t aLTain-t the trade which has carried awav its once thrift v population into bondage. This vast traet pre- sents, as Livingstone a>-mvs us, unmistakable evidences of having supported in other times a prodigious iron-smelting and o74 THK WAIYAT RACE. grain-growing popnlation. ('lav pi|H->, which had IHHMI used on the no/xles of U-llows ami iu^ert^l into the furnaces, were inrt with every wh re : t hoe were often vitrified. Then the ridges on which mai/.e, U-an-, ca ava, ami -or U 'hnin had been planted, remained uiilcvel led, attesting the industry of the former inhab- itant.'. I'iiiv- of hrokt-n j>ot.s, with their rims ornamented with verv giMid imitations ofbusket work, allot that the ladv {Hitters of old followed here the example given them by their -till more ancient mothers. File desolation of this splendid region could not \*' attributed to those causo which had ojHTated farther south. The ground was fertile, and there were anv nnml)er of Iroh, cool fountains. It is a va-t .-ncce ion of hills and vallevs, with numerous running .-tream^. 1'he .in-African > mnd <>t gushing wateiN, dishing over the rocks was >\vect mn>ic in hl- ears, and brought lack frohlv to hi-- mind the eharining >-ens <>t' !n- n\vn far-awav land. lie rni'iitioiis eotintintr liftet-n run- ning burns of Iroin OIK- to ten vards wide in one march ot' about -i\ hours; l^-ing in a hiilv ed as t'ar Iroin a hand>ome race, but they are nut the | n"' >_ r Mat IP Hi-, bi-in_ r - one sits on the wot coa-t cither. I IP ir hi-ads are o| around -hape ; compact forehead-, but not partienlarlv receding : the "/' /<*! are flattened out; lip- {'nil. and \sitli the \\..men a -mall lip-rm_T jn-t turn-, them upto'_-i\e additional thii'knc--. Th- ir -tylc of' beantv i- e\- nctlv tin' '.-. iiieh \\.i- iii fa-hioii \\heii the -t.,ne deities wcri- inad- in ! h< i-iVi-- of ]'.] plianta and Keiiora n- ar I'oiubav. A la\nriti- i n,.|e of ilr----iii'_' the hair into little kn-.l,-, \\hieh \\ a- in !:i-!i > tiit re. i- more eoiiim-in in -onie tiiU--- tliaii in tin-. 'I (it- nr - i- !, i ' i he \\ i -MH-II \\ mild n- it be -o 1 1 :- 1- -n- \\ it h a -mai I lip-nn_' it 'li-s di-l not ti!-- tli-ir teith to point-; but thev -t-i-m htr-'ii- :i!i-l a!-!.- t..r the \\tirk \\hi.-h tall- to th- ir !-.t. Th-- n\'-n nr- lar/- , -trt>n^ Imijetj li llo-.\ -, and THK DKSIK1X OF HIS IIKAUT. '.'*- Gitigue. They undergo u rite which once distinguished the Jews :ilx)Ut the age of pnU'rty, and take a new name on th" oire to glorify (iml mid tlo good t> men which had animated him when he left his native land in the tir-t love of his conserratioii. And to the hi>t he seemed alway- animattl by the dt>ire to solve the mysteries of tin- land on!v that In- mi^ht the more successfully earrv out his great scheme of otahli.-hing a strong central mission in the heart of T Jie coiintrv, \vhenee the influences of Christianity might more re-.ulilv penetrate the whole land. S. . much trouble had Ixvn experiencetl with the Sepovs that Living-tout* wa- at la-t obliged to divide against attempting to c-.irrv 'ii'-m farther. Thev had sought bv everv mean- to pro- duce di -a flection atnoni; hi> fi>llowers and even to excite the native- ;!'_';u!i~t him. So having arningiil lor them to return to the eoa-t with a re-|xftalle trade, he parted eompanv with them at Metii!><-. lea\ ii:_ r tin-in a fe\v da\ - in the care of Mataka. ( )n t!ie 'Jsili ,,f .lu!v Mataka c:iine \\itli a i_'""d 1"! of tl"iir and men to -jnide the jiartv to the lake ; he had In- fore pre-i -m* d an ox, and ln> iruot- wen- thus prepared to .- t out in P*H! pj'irit-. Then- are two roads from hi- town to tin- lake -one to I- o-c\va, \\liii-lt i- \\e-t of thi-, and op|>o-ite Kotak"ta ; the o, her, to Makatu. i- farther -onth : the lir.-t i- live da\ - through d' Tied count r\' chieflv ; hut the other, seven, amonLT jM-oJileand p'eiitv of jirovi-ioii- all the wav. Mataka told Living-tone t! at lie \\oiiM not -end him to Lo-rwa, as that place !iad Ixeii I' ei litiv lillVIied. lillt liV the mol't -( .1 1 1 ! lefll follte, \\ 1 1 !' 'll . tllOllgll : lin!" lonj.-r r<-ad, wa- -atT and licit, T. The \\ho!e eonntry \\a- a ma-- of mountain-, and on leaving Moemlw the partv ri-.-'-iid-d con-ideral)Iv, anil toward evening of the t'n-t day's in ii'li tli<- Itarometer -howed t lie - aiitifnl 'jn-en u r ra-- \\a- \\ a\ in^' i-\ cry- uh'-r.-, a;id tl"\\ir- ot' \arioii- liri-jht line-. Th- t- in|" rat in on tli.-- mountain- wa- much lo\vi r than Miiin- mav dr. am ot' in -n< h a latitude; on the 'J'.'th of .Inly, al*-'iit tin -nmmit of the rairj. , it \srv- in the morning >"> onlv. LIVINGSTONE'S REVIKW. ;>77 The trees were rather small and Ijccame scantier as they descended toward the lake, hut the ferns, rhododendrons and a foliage tree greatly resembling silver fir were frequently seen. Kvery day they came near slave parties, hut the Arabs always avoided the ICnglishman. The country though was bex-oming ini. re familiar-looking as they came nearer the Nyassa, and Liv- ingstone welcomed the appearance of the familiar grasses and the singing birds which now began to add their charms to their camping grounds. I'nder date of the Sth of August, a little more than four months from the time of his entering the country, in his jour- nal we read : " We came to the lake at the confluence of the Misinje, and felt grateful to that Hand which had pro- tected us thus far on our journey. It was as if I had come back to an old home I never expected again to sec." Glancing over the district across which we have followed the traveller back to the lake on whose waters we remember that lie launched his little boats some vears ago, it will certainly be profitable fur us to have his own language about its geological features; con- cerning these he s-.ys : ''The plateaux on each side of the Ro- vuma are masses of gray sandstone, capped with masses of ferru- ginous conglomerate-; apparently an aqueous deposit. When we ascend the Rovuma about sixty miles, a great many pieces and blocks of siiicified wood appear on the surface of the soil at the bottom of the slope up the plateaux. This jn Africa is a sure indication of the presence of coal beneath, but it was not observed cropping out ; the plateaux are cut up in various directions bv wadys well supplied with grass and trees on deep and somewhat sandy soil ; but at the confluence of the Locndi highlands they appear in the far distance. In the sands of the Locndi pieces of coal are quite common. " Before reaching the confluence of the Rovuma and Loendi, or sav about ninety miles from the sea, the p'-Ueau is succeeded bv a more level countrv, having detached often striated, all t he striu? looking one way sometime north and -otith.and at other times ea-t ami wi^t. Tins** rocks !<">k as if a stnitifntl lock had bc<-n m-arlv melted, and the strata fu~cd together lv the heat. 1'Yoin the>e striated rocks have -hot up L'i'eat roiimleil masxs of granite or svrnitr, \\ |IOM> snuNith -ide- and iTn\vii< contain wtirwly anv trws, ami arc prolwildy jV"ii thi'ii- t' f>ur thousand ft-t alx>vt' the >ca. Tlie elevated jilains auj.iu^ thc-c mountain ina es sliciw ^n-at patches of fcr- i-;!jii)"iis i .in_ r lo:i)rratc, nhieh, \vheM broken, look like vellmv h:i'ina:ite \\it!i madrepore lioKs in it : this has made the -oil >f a red color. " < >:i tli" watershed \\ e have still the rounded jrranitie hilU jntli:i^ aliove the plains (ifsneh thev mav l>e c-.i!lc .\\, which are i.l IIJP- and d\vns, and furmwed \\iih innutnenil>le rnniiin^ r;ll, the Minreis if the Koviiina and L'-ndi. The highest nn-k (>!>-rrY'd rvith mica >chi>t was at an altitude of three thousand four hunilretl and fortv !<(. The .-aine nni-ven comiirv prevails a-s \\'- prM-i-ed from tin- watershed a!oiit tortv mill - down to the I'lk--. and a -Teat deal of quart/, in >tu;i!l fragments renders 1 ! aveUin^ v-rv dinieiilt. Near tin- la!. e, and a!o;ij it^ ea-teni IOP-, we have mica .-chi-t and ^nei-- \'< liated, with a threat deal of hornblende ; l>ut the ino-t remarkable feature of it is that the rtck- are all tilted ,,n i-d'je. or >!i'_ r litl\' inclined to the lake. The active a'/ent in eHectiii'j thi- i- not vi-ib'e. Ii lo. -k- a- if a Hidden rent had Keen made, M> a* to form t he lake, and tilt all t : ie-c r-M-k- nearlv over. < >n theca-t vid.- of the lo-\e|- part ot' the lake \\-,. have two rairje- <>f mountain-, i-videntlv L'ramtic. t lie M. ai'er "He r-ovi-red with Mnal 1 t ree- aii 1 !"., r t lian t he other ; the o; h. r ja/-_" d and bare, or of tin- -ra:i:' i form-. Hut in all :!'- iniinrrv no |b--il-vieldin^ ri-l^ ua- \i-i : >!'' except the<_ r rav and-!on.- rej'erred to at the b-_'innin _- "f \\i\- \\n\\-. The ro< l.s : :!v t! t c old ery-talline I'orm-." 'I 1 of : he di -: 1'iet i- -/ood, aii'! \\ a'> r \:<-\\> ra 1 1 v abundant. N. /;.. r i. ad h- -ulT.-red iar:ienlar!y i;i h'-allh. I t' he had be.-n M ll ''M-HWV \,,ll!d ll.lVe I.een a ..si- mar- h. 'Ih-p. ..pie of Malv 1.. Maloa and \\'aivai| l:i'l all I-.:, jj.ri.T...,. and kind; the chief. Lad r.-adily n-nden-d !ii:u u'.l i . ( and - in. d !o appreciate t lie le^-ona WHICH IS MOUK INSI'IUINfJ? ;;<) of nol>l< r manhood ho had nought to impress, on them. Ovi-r all the district ono particular curse had settled and \va- iv.-ting with most blighting influence. The people were rude barbarian*, of course, hut were teachable and kind. lint no established creed or dominant superstition occupied the ground to withstand the ingress of Christianity ; no popular prejudices stood armed guarding the coast against the purer customs of civilization. Only the slave-trade, encouraged by foreigners, watched with jealous eve evcrv approach of the j)iirer li^ht and ennobling in- lluences of a Christian civilization to the villages and bonus of the unfortunate people on whose ignorance it paid them to impose, and whose deepest degradation was the surest source of their unbolv gains. Relieved of this one evil and the whole region over which he had passed might be esteemed as a goodly land, where Christian laborers might live peacefully and heahh- fnlly. And as for the difficulty of access and the transportation of supplies Arabs are not discouraged by these difficulties from pressing their trade, which is only for gain, and surely it is worth as much to the Christian world to accomplish the re- demption of these poor people. The journev to the lak>- had Ix'en enlivened bv verv little of incident. \'erv lew animals had been seen, except such harmless ones as excited not even a passing notice. lint tin 1 feat wa< performed : the old pur[K>-e of Livingstone to settle the (jtiestion about the countrv between the month of the Rovuma and the Lake Xvassa ; and he was once more enjoying the roar of its waves and luxurious bath.? in its delightful waters, and rejoicing in its exhilarating atmo-- pin-re. The head man of the village, Mokalao-e, \vas a real Manganja, and he and all hi- people exhibited Lrreater darkness of color con.-c(|ucnt on being in a warmer, moi-t climate. lie was verv friendlv and presented millet porridge, ca--ava and hippopotamus meat, and a-kcd if Livingstone liked milk, a- he had some of Mataka's cattle. His people brought a lake ti-li. called sanjika, the beioll of M'Vel-.ll dho\V-, despatched Ille e!|-_'er< to liilil I lean IILT tile letter ofS-ved Majid received at /an/ilur while he hn-ied him-elf with hi- j.'iirnal ami olj^Tvatiou-. All of hi- atteiii|it-, however, t" - -en p- transportation failitl, and he \\a.- under the nece>.-itv of making the circuit of the southern end of the lake. All'l Hat lira 1 1 V e||o||^h he felt for onee tliat it was rather inconvenient to have the Aral'-, even the -lav--, h"M the Knjrli-h name in ,-'.ieh f .In m I"-*- m n I'd r- ami -ellnr^ the people, I ml one ean- i\\ take it all in ; at the mi! 1. -t it mn-! hav \<]\ had. I hi- i- all tl.ev ever do; l!i\ ranii"! (''I'm a -late nf indejh lidellt killed, . m : -!a\'iv and thr -!a\ -irad- are in-nperahle oh-tarle- to anv pennan-'iier inland ; -lave- can < -'-ajie -. ea-ily ; all there l',,i-e that the A ral i- do i- t.. eolliet a- much inonev a- thev ran 1,-.- !iiik :ind l>v efook, and th< n lra\e the r..nntrv. And kind M"kal:i"- '- t ronl'le- are not all in appn hen-ion of 'M- A ra! - : h- Ina-l- d a lai'iv famiK , nnm'Toii- u i\ (- and ap- p. ; da_" -, a; id !i" \ emild li- - ape :r- ,11!-!. '.' lie |..\i d to p. .nr the-e :i!ll;ei!..n- int" t!i- ar i>t'thi- -\ nipathi/in^ \\ liiti- man : U j-,-e- .. h'i hid taken |'r, n- h ! ave i-f him. It \\ a- lm n-e |o crii iei-. le !"> m.ur, '.\ i\ - n-t' 'it if't li' -e. 1,;. )- : t !i. \ invanalily fell l.aek into the -tr,,i, _!,, .!d of \friean lo^ie on that i|iir-!ion, uhi'h i- -iimiiie.l up in a I' 'A v.ofd-: " \\ h v. oii!-l <,.., k lor POT A MIMBA. ;>m strangers if I had hut one? " This W:LS a poser, csjHx-ially see- ing the antagonist was a f/m-tit himself. Mokalao.se was quite a gentleman in his way, ami wa.s proud to display his hospitality after a fashion more lamiliar in our country than some others. One dav he invited Dr. Livingstone into his house and presented some beer; '' I drank a little," says the; doctor, "but seeing me desist from taking more, he asked me if 1 wished a servant girl to ' jinta miinhn;' not knowing what w:us meant, I offered the girl the calabash of l>eer and told her to drink, but this was not the intention. He asked if I did not wish more, and then took the vessel, and as he drank the girl performed the operation on himself. Placing herself in front, she put both hands round his waist below the short ribs, and pressing gradually drew them round his Ix-lly in front. lie took several prolonged draughts, and at each she repeated the operation as if to make the liquor go equally over the stomach." It is possible that .some of the lordly topers of this land may feel greatly disturbed that it should have been left for an African head man to discover this very original method of increasing his capacity or possibly no Mich need is felt by our topers. Many matters are mentioned in Dr. Livingstone's journal from this point around the extremity of the lake, which would t>e of no special interest woven into a narrative of travel, but which should not be omitted in justice to the man who was toiling more in the interest of positive knowledge than tor the entertainment of himself or others; and it -eeins well that we give the reader such extracts from his journal here a- may be motv to Xiroml>o promontory, which approaches so near to Smga or T-eii'j;a opposite, as to narrow the lake to some -ixteen or eighteen miles. It is a low san;lv point, the edje fringed on the north- west and part of the south with a belt of papvrus and reeds ; the central parts wooded. Part of the -<>mh side has hi^h saudv dunes, blown U]i bv the south wind, which strike- it at right angles there. One was blowing as we marched alon<_ tfee southern side eastward, and wa- verv tiresome. We reached Panthunda's village by a brook called Lilole. Another 23 ;'S2 SITKS OF Ol.n VIM.ACJKS. we crossed lx>fore coming to it is named Lil)esa : these brooks form the favorite spawning-grounds of the sanjika and mpasa, two i)f tin- Ix-st fi-he> of the lake. The sanjika is verv like our herring in *haj>e and ta.-te and size; the inpasa larger even* wav : U.tli live on given herbage formed at the bottom of the lake and river-. "S.j,t, //'-y/' ii J r S. In i 'Mining along tin- southern side of Xgomlxj proiiiontorv we look c;i>t\vard-, lut when we leave it we turn southward^, having a d<>uMe run^e of loftv mountains: on our left. The-e are granitie m i!>r;n, th'- nearer ran^e being gener- al lv the lowe-t, and envi-i-'-d with -i-r;i_r_'\- tree-; the second, or more i-a-terlv, i- -om.- -i\ thoiisind li-< : :i!io\-c the --al<- -hooting hi-h i:ito the air. This is j>robablv tlii- iH-we^t rairj-'. The o! ( l.-: jx-ojilc have felt no earthquake, bat .-ome -ay that th-y li.i\'' heard of -iii-h things from their elders. ' \\'e ja--'-'l verv nianv -ite< of old village-, whieh are ea-ilv kno\vn bv the tree euphorbia planted round an umU-lliferons one. and the sabred \\^. ( >ne -p- '.y,'' nJ r 1<>. --In man-hill^; -oir!r\ .ird- we came c]o-e to the ran_'.- the lake ]!,-, irntuetlialelv on tiic oilier -ide of it', bo.t We eollld Hot note thr hav- which it IOIMII-; \\ < cro--e, .,n!d render travel- ling In-re in tie- r:i:n- im jra< I : al !. At'icr -|M-ndin^ tin- night i.'!ii-r o}' tip-'- ton-cut-: '.i.!i \.-rv luttv ma-- in the ran go TWEXTY-FOrU BROOKH. 3K] seemed to give rise to one. Nothing of interest occurred ;ts \ve trudged along. A very j>oor head man, Panmwawa, presented a roll of salt instead of food : this was grateful to us, as we have been without that luxury Home time. " .sVy*feren- nial brooks to supply the Shire's continual flow/' [It will be remembered that the beautiful river Shin 1 earrie* off the waters of Lake Xyussa and joins the /am hoi near Mount Morambala, about ninety miles from the sea. It is by this water-way that Livingstone always hoped to find an easy access to Central Africa. We will not forget the obstacles which 3X-J I'AINKfL UEFI.WTIOXS. forced him to nt-k another path. lie could not suppress hi- sorrow when he looked a\vav toward the region watered !>v that riviT and thought m tin- di-ap|>ointments c.\|>erien-pec;- far awav down on the ri^ht hank of the river under the -had.'W of the -jreat baohah tree; and the hitter regret with which he re- called the ea-y death of the nohle ]>i-hop Maeken/.ie, and the abandonment of the mission enterprise. It docs -eem sad that he should have heen called away just when hi- arduous toil- were ..n the eve of their lx-t fruits; how gladly wnld he wel- come if he was alive now the news that arrangement- are defi- nitelv made tor planting strong and permanent missions along the Shir.-!] " Si jit > tutu r 1 "). Wo were now a short di-tan.v -.nth of the lake, and mi<:ht have pme we-t to Mo-aiika'- '.-ailed li\- -unit' ! > a.-:inknV) to er^s the Shire there, hut I thought that niv \l-it to Mnkate's, ;l Waiyau ehi.-f -till farther -..nth. ni:_'ht do _;<. .d. He, Mixitida, ami Kahiii'ja, are the onlv thr.-e chief- u ho -i\\\ carrv on raid- a_'ain-t the Man^'iiija at the m-t i^vit i"ii ot the coa-t . \rah-, and tlirv are nw -<-ndi!r_ r periodical marauding par:i>- ! the Maravi > h> r>- nam-'d Malola 1 t" -upplv the Kil\\a -!:iV'--trader-. \\'<- niai'died three hour- -- p-.pulat ion near the chief is larje. and all the heijht- ;L- tin- a- lh- eve .-an rea- h an- cro-.vneil with village-. Tin- -:id rairje lie- a f -\v mi!--- "!!', and i- i-.ivtvd \\ilh tree- a- v. .-'! a- ih- lir-t ; the neare-t hi_di ma-- i- Man^ochi-. I In- people live ami d-t pl'iitv. All the chief, vi-ited hv the Aral.- have ;: 1 -ii'.-'.Mi! ial -ijiiar-' li"'i->-- 1'iiilt (M;- 1 1 1. -i r :c < -. .in i i |..d. 1 1 ; !! . Mn! a 1 '- n.'V-r -a\\ a Mur-'p'-an l"-f'fe, and < -. - r\ I hi ::_' al.ui n- i- an i: iiu> n-e <-uri.--i!v i" him and ! hi- |" "p! . ^^ e had I-.n^ vi-it- '.''."in him. He tri-'- I" i-\fra<-t a lau-.di -.'if --I i-Vi-ry P- lu-ifk. II- i- dark. -r ihri lli.- -.-n.-ra!ii\ of \\'.-iivati. \\ith .1 full 1-ard 'rained n th>- ehin -a- all the p, ,.p!e her-- ftl.oiit- h:i\. Aral, fa-hi'.n. The ei.iiri- of hi- \\.iinen cover ( ''ir lion-.- l. 1:1^' ..n one -id.- "I them. I tri'-d "GOD TOOK HIM." 38.5 to go out that way, but wandered, so the ladies sent a ser- vant to conduct me out in the direction I wished to go, and we found egress by passing through >ome huts with two doors in them. " Xfjtti i\J-r 17. We inarched down from Mukate's and to about the middle of the Lakelet i'ainaloinbc. Mukate had no people with canoes near the usual crossing place, and he sent a messenger to sec that we were fairly served. Here we got the Manganja head men to confess that an earthquake had happened; all the others we have inquired of have denied it ; why, I cannot conceive. The old men said that they had felt earthquakes twice, once near sunset and the next time at night they shook evervthing, and were accompanied with noise, and all the fowls '.'ackled ; there was no effect on the lake observed. They profess ignorance of any tradition of the water having stood higher. Their traditions sav that they came originally from the west, or west-northwest, which they call ' Maravi ; ' and that their fore- fathers taught them to make nets and kill fish. They have no tract? of any teaching by a higher instructor; no carvings or writings on the rocks; and they never heard of a book until we came among them. Their forefathers never told them that after or at death they went to Clod, but they had heard it said of such a one who died, 'God took him.' From the village of Mukate Livingstone was provided with a number of canoes in which lie and his company parsed up to the point of junction between the Lakelet Pamalombe and Lake Nyassa ; but the people were very timid, and he was under the necessity of going on to Mponda's, which lies just south of Xya&Mi.' In coming from the coast to the lake Livingstone had con- siderable trouble in conversing with the natives. All along that route the "NVaiyau language prevails a language confes- sedly hard to master. It was a great relief amoiiLT the tribes about this lake to observe a striking similarity of the language to that iu use along the /umboi and the Shire. Thev were again surrounded bv those ferocious bca>ts which are so inti- mately associated with African travel in the mind of alnio-t everv render. The first dav of their >tav at Mponda's town a woman was carried olf by a lion, and almost entirely eaten H.Sf> WIKATANI FINIXS KKLATIVES. before being discovered. The fatigues of travel were a fleeting very seriously the di-|H>.-ition- of liis followers ; they were lx>- coniing m>re ami more dissatisfied, ami harassing the doctor sadly enough. Heforc reaching MjHinda's village he had lost one of tin- coiupanv wlioin lit- oteemed verv highly. Wika- Lani hal Ix-ni a favorite with l>i.-hop Maekenzie; he had been liberated trotn bondage into which his friends had >old him ; he found some relatives in the neighborhood. Concerning the incident I)r. Livingstone wrote alxmt that time a- follows : " He met with a brother, and found that lit- had two brothers and one >r two -i.-ter- living down at the western shore of Lake Pameloinlx! under Kahinga. lie thought that his relatives would not again M-ll him. I had a-kcd him if he wished to re- main, and he at once -aid l Ye.-,' .-o I did not attempt to dissuade him : his e.\e-ive. levitv will j>erhaj>- be eooleil by marriage. I think he mav do j^oinl by telling Mme of what he ha> seen and heard. I a-ked him if he would O!M-V an order from hi.i ehii'f to hunt the Manganja, ami he .siid, ' No.' I liojK' he won't. In the event of auv mi.-.-ion coining into the country of Maluku, he will go there. I gave him paper to write to you, and, commending him to the chiefs, bade the poor IM>V Ian-well. I \\.i-. -orrv to part with him, but the Aral/- tell the \Vaiyan chief- that our object in lilxTiting slave- i- to maki- them our own and turn them to our religion. 1 had declared to them, through Wikatani a- interpreter, that they never Ix-eame our -lave-, and were at libertv to ^ \w\<. to their relatives if tliev lik'-d ; and ii"\s it \vn- inipo--ilile to olij-et to \\ ikatani going without -tult if\ nr_ r niv o'vn -tateiucnts. I'M -fore reaching M|mnda's I >r. Living-tone mentions having v ii -everal humln-d people making -alt on a plain impregnated with it. Thev elixate the -nil and filter it through a bum h of' ^r:i-- in a !i"!e in the bottom of the pot until all i- eva]M>r.ite;, so enormous that (heir legs, :us remarked by our men, seemed very small. M|K>nda is a blustering sort of person, but im- menselv interested in everything Euro|>ean. 1I<- says that he would like to go with inc. ' Would not care though he \v TC away ten years.' I say that he may die in the journey. ' I If will die here as well as there, hut he will see all the won- derful doings of our country.' He knew me, having conn- to the boat, to take a look incfjynito when we were here for- merly." In this town Livingstone found an Aral) slave-party, and went to look at the slaves; seeing this, Mponda was alarmed lest he should proceed to violence in his town, Imt he >aid to him that he went to look only. Eighty-five .-laves were in a pen formed of' dura stalks (Ifohux tsorr/hitiii). The majority were hoys of about eight or ten years of age; others were grown men and women. Nearly all were in the tain ing-stick ; a few of the younger ones were in thongs, the thong passing round the neck of each. Several pots were on the fires cooking dura and beans. A crowd went with him, expecting a scene, but Living- stone sat down, and asked a few (juestions about the journey, in front. The slave-party consisted of five or six half-ca-te coa.-t Arabs, who said that they came from Zanzibar; but the crowd made such a noise that nothing could be heard. Livingstone asked if they had any objections to his looking at the slave.- ; the owners pointed out the diilerent -lave-, and said that after feeding them, and accounting for the losses in the wav to the coast, they made little bv the trip. " I suspect/' >av- the doctor, " that the ^aiii is made bv those who -hip them to tin- ports of Arabia, for at Zanzibar most of tin- vounger .-laves we saw went at about seven dollars a head. I .-aid to them it wa- a bad business altogether. Tln-v presented fowls to me in the evening.'' The next day the chief begged -o hard that the doctor would stav another dav and ^ive medicine to a .-i-k child that he con- sented. He promised plenty of food, and, as an eann-.-t of lu- sineerity, sent an immense pot of' hr.>r in the evening. Th" child had been benefited by the medicine, and in his gratitude the poor man gave more than could be taken. One very pleasant feature of this country was. the interest jno WORK .WOUNTKD HONORABLE. which all classes took in agricultural work. It did not seem to be held t> I*- a xTvilr work ;is in many cither parts of the coun- try. While the >l:i\.-s do the greater part of the work, the hijjhot <-ht^-M-> consider it verv honorable to IM> so employed. The Man'janju ono- had ^n-at (jnant it ies of first-class cattle, but the Waiau had taken xistifettiou of them. '/*&* j-r /kWc \* . . x CHAPTER XXII. A IM)UT NYASSA. (ii-nliii'inil Notes The Mareni;:i - Livingstone Preaching Small-Pox Inveter- ate Thieves Kirk's Ilaiitfe taw Token Hlui-k-lwircd Sheep Karthquakea A Toper Chief- A Royal F>eort Whooping 'out-h The Hotte-i Month- Methods of Fertilization No Animals Hows and Arrows Lip-Kin:; A 1'ro- phetic Cow Iron Works Village of Smiths Alarm of Ma/.ilu -- Native Furnaees Livingstone's Patienee A Disagreeable Head Man --Level Country Portuguese Travellers A Herd of IJullaloes Industry Wild Fi^s A Formidable Stockade Trying News A Steady Faith. ON tho 21st of September, 18WJ, Livingstone marched to- wards the west, crossing ('ape Maelear. Thev crossed hills about seven hundred feet above Xyassa ; these were covered with trees and quite desolate n<> inhabitants to be seen. They en- camped near the Sikoche. Here the rocks were hardened sand- stone, resting on mica-schist, which had an efflorescence of alum on it ; above this was dolomite; the hills were often capped with it and oak-spar, giving a snowv appearance. After seven hours of hard travel thev arrived at a village where they spent the Sabbath bv the l/sangasi, and near a remarkable mountain, Xamasi. This tribe, or rather the Machinga, now supersede the Manganja. lie speaks of a marked difference in th*' villager! of the latter and the Waivan, who have handsome straw and reed tenets around their lint-, making their villages lnok much neater. They next stopped at a village of Marcnga, ipiite a laru'e one, at the bottom of the lake on the eastern >ide. Find- ing the chief (jiiite ill and having a loathsome' di.-ca.-c it wa.s impossible tor him to come to Livingstone. Many of the people had ii'one to tht 1 coast as traders, and returning with arm.- and ammunition helped the Waivan in their foravs on the Manuanja, and tinally set themselves up as an independent tribe. Thev cultivate largely, and have cattle, but do not milk them. The sponges here, which are formed bv the vegetation, " which i- not healthv and tails and rots and then forms thick loam of a blackish o ( .-J SMAI.I.-POX SKKN. nature, is in ma-s.es two or three feet, rests on a bed of pure river -and. In tin- dry -.-a-on tin- loam is cracked, ami fre- quently in a- mueh a.- three inehe- in width ami verv deep. '1 *ht* whole -urfaee i- no\v fallen dou n ami re>(- on the sand, but when tin- rain eonie- the lir-t supply i> nearlv all ah-orhol in the -and. Tin- Murk loam forms .-oft .-lush and float- on the Kind. Tin- narrow ojn-nin^ prevent.- it from moving otV in a land-slip, but an o.i/in^ -prin^ ri-e- at that >pot. All the pool- in the lower portion of (hi- -prin^-ronr-e are filled bv the fir.-t rain- ; which happen -oiith of' the equator when the -tin ^o.--; vertie;ill\ over anv -pot. The -reond or greater ruins happen in hi- eonr-<' north a^uin, when all the Ixt^s or rivcr-cimives IH-UI^ wet, the supply run- off and forms the inundation ; thi- \V;L- eertainlv the ea-e a- ob--r\vd on llu- Zambe-i and Shire, and taking th' diflerent tini'- for the -mi's pa>sui;e north of' the equator it explain- the inundation of. tin- \i f > ." The petplrut the town o!' Man-n^u, on Lake \\-a--a, ^atheivd uronnd Li\ 'in^-toiif in ^r<-;it uuiuber> to 4.1/1- a; him. Hi- took the op]Mirtnn:tv to point tlu-m to t!i-' Lamb of < iod and -pruk of llii-ir -oiil-, to 'Aliirli thrv replied. "()nr talhir- ha\c n-vi-r told n- alight about tli-- -on! ; wi- thought th'- \\holc man i-ottt-d ami i-anif to nothing:" but tln-v li-ti-in-d i|iiit- attentively, -pft-ia '.!. \\inn in- told them that onr l''ath'i- lcv ( i| th'-m ami lieard tii' ;; pravi-r-. HI- found tlii- village afllirted with -mall- pox, a di-i -a-e \\iii' ii \\a- piitf extraordinurv in Atri-a. and hi- -ki!l wa.- ^rt-atlv -on-hl lv tin- -titl'.T. i'-. < )n ill-- 'J'ilii of S'ptember Livin^-tmir wa- met bv an Arab \\lio told M'i-a that the uhole emintrv \\a- filled \\ith Ma/itn ; ilia: forty Arab- and their fbllower- hail been killed !.y tli-m a! l\.i-:injn and he aloiii- e-i-ipid. Mn-a and all the .Johanna iii' ;t iio-.\ d'-eland lliev Mould '_;o n farther. Living-tone earrieil iiiin to ManMiu i and a-k'l him a!m:r the Ma/itll. II" i-.Mtlalii 1 '1 1>\' -a\ in ' the "A t'ali- and ammunition weiv broil 'lit i . into I he . onntrv annual Iv, and t he Maiijjanja r- -i-t< d .1 nmbe and '.'.'. u!l a!!o-,\ II'. 111"!''' to <-'i!ll' -b-eail-e tin A \\i-fe til'- -Hill-re!'-. \\ hi :i Li, i!i.;-N.!i'- tarti| MM In- |o'irii'-> th-- folianna in-'ii u.ilk'.l "'I', i'.i.iii^ t!i" - U on the L -|-,,iind ; In- '.\.i- n-'t "i.rrv, ho\ve\ir. a- th'-, \\.r-- -IP h m\eterate thn'\-i--, t!ie\' c.i|.il MO' !> tlll>!'d. I Iii- -''.ililr^ t"" \\a- not |n.:n et]. e( A LOVE TOKEN. ;>,;; of hunger; when there was plenty they stole more, Mu.-a shared the dainties stolen by his men; he would reply when Livingstone would sjK'uk to him about it, " Me tell them every day no man steal doctor's* things." At one time one man stole fifteen |Munds of fine jo\vder, another seven, another left six tablecloths out of twenty-four, another eallcd out to a man to bring a fish and he would buy it with l>eads. Musa knew it all and connived at it, but terror drove him away at last. They arrival at Kimsusu's, below Mount Mulundini of Kirk's range (name keep him on" the man who held it, while a lot more carried him. He w:is pro- digiouslv fat. This is a true African way of showing love plenty of food. Be-ides the ram, the chief brought a huge basket of ' pombe,' the native beer, and another of * usima,' or porridge, and a pot of cooked meat." Thev had so much, how- ever, that it was impossible to carry what was given. The sheep are of the black-haired kind ; their tails grow very large. A rain given bv a iVaivau chief previously hud a tail which weighed eleven pounds; but lor the journey doubtless an addi- tional two or three pounds would have been on it. Kim-u.-;i said that earthquakes were felt where Mpanda now live.-*, but none where lie i<. lie seemed changed, especial Iv .-eeined more rational about the IVitv, and said it wa^ owini; to the advice received from the doctor that his village was larger and not from selling his people. On the l2d and .'d the chief carried him oil" to a dense thicket and under loftv tree-;, i<> u shady pot as the one in which bu.-iness is transacted ; but lie 314 A KOYAL ES(X)RT. drank I >eer incessantly, in con-^pienev of which lie became ex- tremely loquacious. Livingstone reproved him for his loquacity, and said that morning was thr time if business was to In.' done, proj>osing to send some of his men to the Habisu count rv aiui h<- would pav them there where thev could purchase ivorv, and when they brought it back In- could buy clothing without selling his jH-ople. The chief refu-i-d, saving that his |>cople could not U- trusted, and that he would buy ivory from the Arabs or Rabi-a, who would conduct his business honestly. Finally the chief consented to give the doctor curriers to go to the Marahi, but wished to IK' paid first. Livingstone consented to this, but he (the chief ) could not prevail on anv one to go. There w;is a Mobisa man in an adjoining village who was going to his own country, and as the chief thought his men would run at the fir-t apj>earance of danger it wa- divided to ^o with the Mobisa. I>r. Livingstone found him so verv ignorant, not knowing even the chief town of hi- c<>imtrv or any of the rivers, that he would ii"t have him a.- a guide. Kitnstisa came the next dav earlv with a lar^e basket of beer and found our friend- readv t -tart, but not relishing thi- nmch, In- declared he would force hi.- men to jfo or he and hi- wives would go a- carrier- begged them to remain. ( Molx-r b'th finds our friends about seven mile- north, at a village opposite the I'a-s Tapiri. and on a rivulet, (loded/a. Kim-ii-a behaved like a king, and hi- wives carried the load- strapped ; one carried bei-r. another meal. A- soon a- tln-v got there, cooking com- nit in cd. Tliev make a preparation of meal calhtl " toku," \\ hieh tli.- dcx-tor liked verv much, and thev sving he likrd it made a i alaba-hf'iil in the evening; hr think- he would have gotten tat it IP- could have taken the beer, but it n-ijinred a strong digestion ; a lit tic fl--h i- neee--arv to relieve the acitlity it eaijMil, but tin- i- ki'pt verv carefullv and dried on a stagi- befurc a tiri' to prevent putriditv. Livingstone -|nik<' - into h:- hut nnin\ ilc-n determined to go. KNIFK AND A-SAOAl IfKAIM. j BECHUAXA KNIVES, 39.1 ORNAMKNTS MAPE OF MONKEYS TF.KTH. POPUI.AI; iM On the 8th of October tlicy got to the first village, ami here the wives were paid for carrying his tiling; the ehief offering beer and tol;n, and the latter was aeeepted hy the doctor. They sang and clapped their hands until one o'clock in the morninir. October 5'th fonnd them lour thousand feet above the sea. This is the hottest month, Imt the air is clear and pleasant. The count rv is verv fine, Iving in long slopes, with mountains rising all around, from two t.> three thousand feet above this upland. They arc mostlv jagged and rough (not rounded like those near to Mataka's) : the long slopes are nearlv denuded of trees, and the patches of cultivation arc so large and often squarish in form that but little imagination is requisite to transform the whole into the cultivated fields of England ; but no hedgerows exi.-t. The trees are in clumps on the tops of the ridges, or at the villages, or a", the places of sepulture.- Just now the young leaves are out, but are not yet green. In some lights they look brown, but with transmitted light, or when one is near them, crimson prevails. A yellowish-green is met sometimes in the young leaves, and brown, pink, and orange-red. The soil is rich, but the !i:r, which seem- to be worn bv the women alone; the men are clad in uncomfortable goatskins. \o wild animals seem to be in the country, and indeed the population is so lar^e thev would have very unsettled times of it. At every turning they meet people, or see their villages; all armed with bows and arrow-. The bows are unusually long : Livingstone measured one made of bamboo and found that alon<_r the bowstring it measured six feet four inches. Many carrv large knives ( .f tine iron : and indeed the metal is abundant. YOIIIILT nien and women wear the hair lontj ; a mass of -mall ringlets corner down and 398 OH. D WKATIIKR. rests mi tin- shoulders, giving them the appcnramv of the ancient Kiryptian-. < >ne -ide i- ofti i) euhivated, anil the ma-~> hangs jauntily mi that .-id- ; .-<>inc K w have a .-olid t~ap of it. Not inanv women wear tin- lip-ring: the example of the Waivau IKL- prevailed - I'.ir ; l>nt .-'>:ne of the yniing \v>iuen have rai-ed lines ero--in_ p a<-h other <>n the arm-, \\hieh lui^t have <<>-.[ gn-at pain : th-v have al.-o small eiit-, covering in .-ome ra-e.s the who'.,. l-dv. OetoU-r llth wa- a e"ld morning: thermometer ."*!> in hut ; doetor -tatid 'I!' . The huts were Well luiilt, top pla>ttTt-d ; n<>t a ra\' '!' li-ht i- admitted, and the mdv \vav t\>r it t-> i_ r et in i- thr'tn^h the d a village <>1 Kulu, who entertained them liU-rally ; tiie ehief gave them a g':it and .-tarted with them when th'-v left, Lut after goini: almut two mile- .-lipped ()]' and ran a\\'av. Sc.me are naturally mean, -omc are nohle ; the mean e-aniiot help -huwing their nature, nor ean the nohle. Li\-iuu r - -tone -a\ - Itr- always reijue>ted a head man of a village t-> go with him, Iv-eau-e tin v pave a goil rejiort of them, and no mie W i.-he- t" e.illllteliaiiee j>enple other than I'i --J teetal >le. and it e.i-N little. He -jieak- here of eomiie_ r t" mountain- having perpeii- dieular -;d - ; tlp-e have villages at the lMittii- : mo-; i\ t'ie-> ar-- ', ithin half a mile .,f .a.-'i . .; h< r. and f< \s area \\\.\- :, o'h- r li n: i let-. Kaeh village ha- a "lump ol' tree- armiiid it. t!ii- - |M:"!\ l'o|- -had- and partlv i'-r pn\aey from mo:i\. - ofd'-"ti'V, The heat of il,,' -iin eaii-i- tin- eflluvia t> exlr.ili- j'li' k I'. , -o theV al'e -i-ldolil oll'i-ll-lVe. The r>'-t of I lie eiplllltrv. \'. h- ! > |j, .' t n ;t i vated, i- enyefed U I' h U'l'a--, t he -eed --talK.- at 'Oil t 1. nei -! . p. I : i- _'ent 1 v ;iiiiln lat m_ r , Ivin^ in lo\\ wa\'e-, -t retell- ing liort hi it and -out I,-.-, . -t . I lie -paee In-t Wei-n c;|r{| wave I- n-'ii'N- oe, Mj-'i 1 ! . a In . jv -pi >t or \\ ati-ri-iiiir-e, u hieh in -oim) PLANTING TIIK CHOP. eases is filled with pools with trickling rills Ix-tween. All the people arc engaged at present in making mounds six or eight feet square, and from two to three feet high. The sod.- in place.- not before hoen a range of hills on our wc-t : lx>yoiul him lit- 1'ii'li m'-eiiLra. I had to take this route, as my people have a vt-rv vivid idea of the danger of going northwards toward- tli-- Ma/itu." < >ne ilav's travel from /.imla, and west-southwest, is the part where tin- PoriUiMie-e formerly went for gold. They did not come there, h"\vrvT, as it would have Ix-en entirelv useless, 'i'lie coiintrv i- too full of jn-ople to allow wild animals flUow-room : even the -mailer one.- are hunted liv net-- and d"_r~. The doctor iv-ted at I'aehoma ; \\ ln^e head man o(Verenu r : f loaf -h"t up in the air." Thi- plaee hein^ onlv on.- an 1 a hal hotn- otV, th'\- \\.-nt on t" ( 'hipanga ; tin- i- the proper name oj* what on the /iml>'-~j j eorrnptetl into S!tUjii>n>iv -trikin^ it wilh an iron in-trn- ment in-erted in the end of a pole, when the mate-rial flowed (.11' of the -mall ho!,- left f,,r the pnrpo-e in the l),,!!,,!n of ftf furnaee. T\\>- ope prohahlv the lilaek o\ii]e \\a- like iiid. and wa- |>ut in at the top of the furnaee, nii\,d \\ illi ,-har- eo.il. <>n!\ one lie!l,.\v- wa- at \\<>rk, fo|-med "tit of ^..at-kin, and the l!a-t \va- vi-rv poor. Manv of the-,- furnae, -, ,.r their ; in tin-, are m< t '.s :i!i "ii klioll- ; tho-r at U"!'k ha\e a peeuliarlv small hut 1'iiilt i >\-er them. ( >n th- i a-t' m etl^f of a \ all, v Ivinj 1 ni'i-'hand -"iith, with fh-' I>'amp-\ -ti-e.im \\---\\\tj a!"ir: it. and the l>/a!a nvama ran^e ,,\\ the \\ . -;. in -;de t are t \\ , . village - STI filed hv line -|>e<-i- THE IIOPO AOAIN*. 401 tnens of the Jicn* Intlicfi. One of these is owned l>v the head man Then-si, and there they spent the night alter travelling only a few miles. It wa.s found necessary to make verv short n. a relies, for the sun was powerful, and the .-oil baked hard, very trying on the feet: there was no want of water, however, as they came to supplies every mile or two. The people seemed very poor, having few or no heads; the only ornaments being lines and cuttings on the skin. They trust more to bua/e than cotton. But two cotton patches were noticed. The women were decidedly plain ; but monopolize, all the bua/e cloth. Theresa wits excessively liberal, and having informed them that Zomba lived some distance up the range and was not the principal man in these parts, to avoid climbing the hills, the party turned away to the north, in the direction of the paramount chief, Chisumpi, whom they found to be only traditionally great. In passing along they came to a village embowered in trees. The head man, a fine specimen of Kanthunda, tall, well-made, fine forehead and Assyrian nose, proposed to them to stay all night, but they declined, and after a long, hot journey they reached Chitokola's village, a pleasant one on the east side of Adiampwe vallev. Manv elephants and other animals teed in the vallev, and the Beehuana hopo was seen again after many years. The hopo, vou remember, is a funnel-shaped fence which encloses a considerable tract of country ; a "drive" is organized and animals of all descriptions are urged on until they become jammed together in the neck of the hopo, where thev .ire speared to death, or else destroyed in a number of pitfalls placed there for the purpose. In this neighborhood the Xyumbo plant was noticed, bearing a pea-shaped or rather papilionaceous flower with a fine scent. It grows quite wild and its flowers are yellow. Chaola is the poison u.-cd bv the Maravi for their arrows; it is said to cause mortification. It is so cold in this climate that the huts are built with a coating of plaster, put on the outside of the roof before the grass thatch is applied. Chitikola was absent from Paritala, when they arrived, to settle a i/iil A CASE FOR MfAVE. Indian corn from another. The chief administered muavo (the ordeal poi-on 1 . th" pcr-on vomited: was therefore inwxvnt. On the 'Jl-t he retuni"d foot ore and tired and at once pre- sented -on).- l>et-r. Tin- continual reference to food is natural, as it i- an important point in the intercourse of travellers with th" native tr;U- in Africa. liel'uv the chief arrived thev iot nothing : the .jiieen even iM-'j-^cd a little meat i'r her -iek child, who \\a- ri-coverin<_: from an attack of -mall-pox. There U-in_' no -hop- th'-v had to -it -till without food. The next dav thev ivi-.iv.-d a 'joat cooked whole and plenty of |Mrrid*e. Chitikola guided them on the 'J'_M to a village called Ma- shnmha, the head man of which was the onlv chief who asked anvi !i in j- e\e.-pt medicine. He u-ua!lv v them: th"-e animals chew \\oody root- and liranehe- a- thi'-k a- the handle of a -pade. Manv hufliil'M-s and a lerd of eland- \\.fe -. ,-n ; a herd ot' liaama or hartelx-f-t -to.l at t \\ o hundreil pace-, and one wa- -hot. " \\ hi I-- all W'-re r.-joieiirj o\-er the m< at ." -av- the d... tor. " we L'ot ii.-w-, from t he inhaliitanf- of a larje \'i!!au r< in full llijht, that th" Ma/i"i \\ ere OUT -.n a t'. -r a\ . \\'hil" roa-: in_ f and eat in ^ m< at I went ! or ward \\ irh M p -inila to _, t m. n \'r< >n\ ( 'himuna to -arrv th" p -f. l.'it wa- -OOP recalled. Another crowd Were a!-o in full p"' i' : t!:" peop!" M ei'.- rumiiii'j' -trai-j;ht f" the Xa!an\'ama ran/" r-'/ardh-- of their feet, makiiiL' :i p:it!i 1'or t h< -m-e] \ c.- th|-"'i.:ii Mi" fon-t ; thev had -.-aped from th" Ma/itu that morn:!' ' : ' th' v -aw f h'-m ! Mpanla'- JM upl. , :-!P d to ]. a\ and /- o ],.o]. .-if-, r !; !; own \ il'aje. l.ut we p"i-u:id.-d th.-m. on pain "f a /< .-'., to take u- to the m-ar. -t \ i!!a-.-, that \\a- flt the hotfoin "t X'i'-i', . :ima pr-'j'.-r, and \v> took the -j,o,.r of NATIVK FI' KNACKS. .JO.'J the fugitives. The hard grass with stalks marly as thick as <|iiills uiti-t havr hurt their feet sorely, \>\i( what of that in com- parison wilh dear lift 1 ! We meant tit take our stand on the hill and defend our property in ease of the Ma/itu coining near; and we should, in the event of being successful, lie a dei'enee to the fugitives who crowded up its roekv side-, but next morning wo heard that the enemy had gone to the south. Had we gone forward, as we intended, to .-eareh for men to carry the meat, we should have met the marauders, for the men of the second partv of villagers had remained hehiud guarding their village till the Ma/itu arrived, and they told us what a near escape 1 had had from walking into their power.'' "Approaching ('himnna's town," he continues, "our path was through a forest, and saw a number of ant-hills each the size of the end of a one-story cottage covered with men on guard watch- ing for the Ma/itu. A long line of villagers were just arriving from the south, and we could see the smoke arising from the settlements; none hut men, the women and chief were on the mountain called Pambe. These villagers gave us a good hut, and sent at once to the mountain lor their chief. He came in the evening and begged us to remain, but we told him each chief wished the same thing, and if we listened to all we would never get on, and the rains were near; at length, however, we decided to remain. The next dav all the people came down from 1'ambe and crowded to see the strangers." Curio>itv must have been the special allotment of this people in the distribution of original graces. But thev were industrious, and industry cover.- almost as manv sins as charity, although it is a homespun cloak. Their furnaces are rather bottle-shaped, and about seven feet high by three broad. One old patriarch had heard of books and umbrellas, but had never seen either. The oldest inhab- itant had never travelled tar from the >pot in which he wa. J . born ; yet he had a good knowledge of soils and agriculture, hut building, basket making, potterv, and the manufacture of bark- cloth and skins for clothing; also making of nets, trap and cordage. Chimuna was hospitable, and i|iiite <;rateful when a blister was applied by Livingstone for his rheumatic pain- : asked the latter to tire a gun that the Ma/itu mi^ht hear and know that armed men were here. They all sav they are afraid 404 THE TRfE SPIRIT. of firearms; for this rea-n Livingstone believi-d they were not Zulus at all, though th-v adopttxl some of their wavs. In going on t<> the village of Mapnio's several large villages were pas-ed, each surrounded by hedges of cuphobia, and had large shade tree-. Whm thev arrived, Mapuio sent a calaha-h of fresh-made U-t-r, gave them a hut, and promised to cook lor them in the evening. Thev had to emplov five crfectlv, and thev parted good friends. At thi< point Livingstone sjveaks of loving to plea-e them. a> it i- not likely he "will ever sec them again, and it is right to n!]-id-r their do. ire-. 1- that not \vha< is meant l>y ' lile'setl j- he that eoilsideri-tlj the pixn-*'.'" In c:t>e< of inildliiln thev rdy on their mu~t distant friends and relatives, and are seldom d'.-appointcd, though time at crrtain M-a-un at pn>ent. fur in~t:in-e i^ pp-eiuii*. Delicate feature- an- here --en, and small hand- and f*-et. ( )riiament- are s-arce ; the ni'-n have lar-^e -lit- in the luhe ui' the car; the \vum<-n indulge in this ptinful luxurv more than the men, pruhaldv Ii>r ihi- rea-un. Thev -j-n: <).-!. .!)! '2^i\\ \\ith Mapuio, and th<- next dav Mondav \vciit \\t--t\vard to Mak>-a'- village throu^), an ill j-ciipleil cuiiiitrv. Th- mri_ r !it -itn!i'_ r lit, and ii"t a l>ri-ath of air di-tnrl>cd the -moke a- it -lo\vlv curled iiji frum tin- heap- nf Imrning weed-, whieh the native :i'jriciiltnri-t WJM 1\ de-:ru\--. Tin- jeuplc jenerallv wen- lu-v hnein^ in the euul ul' the dav. ( )ne u'd man in a village where thev re-led had trained the little hair he had left into a tail, whieh, \\ell pla-tefed \\ilh fat. he had i'eiit o-i it-i-lf and laid llat mi hi- i-ruwn ; anuther \\:i- earefullv i>iri!r_ r a stick for -tirring tin- porridge, and other- \\ej-e enjuv- ,ir_' f he e. ID) -hade of t lie wild ti_ r t re. - whieh are alu ay- planted i 1 \;l!a_'i--. It i- a -aej-ed tr-e all over . \triea and India, and I H- niedi'-ine a iimver-al reim-dv. (an i! be a (raditiun u( n- I,.inj like il,,. ti-.. i.f life. '.sliie|, AivhbMi'.p Whatelv cunjee- 'ir'- tuiv lia\' l"'ii H" d 1:1 I'aradi-e t.. render man imnmrtal '.' r>!ie l.ind iifti-J- tie., i- tit"'e|| -ei || liae| v .-d all \>T tu L"' tlle-ap, * hi' h i- II-- d a- l.iid 1 ;::! ; I '.irk eluih i- made ,(' il |. )() . A DISAGREEABLE MAX. .j^ The first rain a thunder shower fell in the afternoon ; it was ellectual, in one sense: it deprived a friend of the chance of getting the live carriers who were in their gardens planting seed. He got three and was compelled to remain over. They jonrneved westward the next day, and a little towards south through a country full of trees ; here they saw wild hogs in a group, though iiuirkx of elephants, buffaloes and other animals were abundant. November 1st, 1800, thev arrived at Chigumokirc ; the next morning proceeded to Kangone. This village was situated in a mass of mountains, and to reach this they had to go a little further south than desired. Their appearance caused much alarm, and thev were requested to wait until our spokesman explained the unusual phenomena of the white man. Kangene was very disagreeable to Livingstone, and as he had to employ live car- riers off him he was in this chief's power. He told the doctor that a brother of his had been killed by the Ma/itu and he thought that probably they belonged to them. lie told some untruths and then began to beg powder. He represented the country to be quite impassable from want of food ; the Ma/itu had stripped it; the people were living off wild fruits. They \\ere detained here, on account of the illness of Simon, for four d.iys. The head man agreed to let them have live men, but de- manded such enormous wages that on the 7th they took seven loads forward, leaving two men with the rest ; slept there and returned for the remainder on the Sth. Kangene was disagree- aMe to the last. lie asked where thev had gone, and, having described the turning point as near the hill Chimbimbe, he com- plimented them on going so far, and then sent an oiler of three men ; but Livingstone preferred not to have tho-e who would have been spies unless he could give live and take on all the loads. The country over which they travel at present is level and elevated, but there are mountains all about, \vhich would ap- pear <|iiite mountainous if on a map. The Leue or Leiiia is said by the people to How into the Loangwa. The Chigumokire. coining from the north in front, eastward of Irongwe ithe .-a mo mountains on which Kangene skulks out of sight of Ma/itu , flows into the Leue, and north of that is the Mandu, a little A IIKKD OF BUFFALOES. stream flowing into the Bua. The rivulets on the west flow in deep defiles, ami tin- elevation on which they travel makes it certain that no water can come from the lower lands on the west. It -eeni- that tin- 1'ortugue-c in travelling to ( 'a-cml>e did not inquire of the jx-ople where the streams tin v cro.-.--d went, for they arc ol'teii wrongly put, and indii-ate the direetion only in which thev apjHiiretl to l>e flowing at their crossing places. The native^ have a good idea generally of the rivers into which the stream- llow, though they are very deficient in information as t the condition of the people that live on their banks. Some of the I'ortugue.-e ijuotions mu>t huvi 1 been asked through slaves, ulio would .-how no hesitation in answering. Maxinga, or Machinga, mean- ''mountain-" oiilv ; once or twice it is put down Sax a de Maxinga, or Maehinga, or Mean^a, which, trans- lated from the iiativt' tongue, mean- "rock- of mountains, or mountain- of rock-." N"Vml>er liiih found Living-tone at the "Village of Smith- ; here he ri adilv ^l live men to _ r o hack alter lu~ loads. The -ni ii id of til* hammer i- eon- taut from dawn till -ui i-ct. A herd of hullaloi-s came near the village and Living-tone went on' and -hot one, tlm- L'l-tting meat for hi- part\ and the vil- lager-, [hiring the night a lion came and gave a loud growl, and fllldill'J he collltl Hot ;_ r et the meat We.lt oil'; the penjde kept Up a >houting (!>[ hour- aHerward in order t<> keep lnm awav l>v tlie human voice. 'I liev had in I- loaned tin in to proteet their prov;-ioii- Iroin an\' kind of intruders. Thev mi^ht liave gone on, liiif Li vnr_'-toiie hail a galleil lice! and could n! travel. Here he -peak- of in/if I' 1 /---, which are nn-i when ipnie ripe. I In- p ople at K a I II ml ii, on t lie Mailtlo, once lo:i-ti-d a forinid- -to< Let'on- i 1. pliant- and Imn'aloe-, \\ hi<-li the al'-enee of the villaj''!'-. I heiv are al- in tin- region, and H \\a- not m!- o| (!). nati\'e- lir->!-.en in and ephant- ; and there are -al -lories frail tenement- and v. a-Miui cruel 'ii I),, fn -t int i mat imi a film 1 v lian / ot tin mon-ter t in oii-h t (,. that eh STEADY FAITH. .J ,7 roof, and their only IIOJK; is in the spenr, and terrific scenes sometimes ensue. While at this village there earne news by which a more timid heart than Dr. Livingstone's might have been greatly disturbed ; he was told that the Ma/.itu the scourge of the whole country were at the village toward which thev wen; alwnit journeying. Hut Livingstone was a courageous man, and besides being long accustomed to the perils of African wanderings, he had an un- wavering faith in (Jod. He remained in the village amid the busy preparations of the natives who expected the enemy to break upon them very soon, but it is good to observe how his dependence on (Jod arose far grainier than his courage. It is good to see a strong man leaning on the care of God like a little child. CHAPTER XX III. A M<>NTU ton> '- I...ve for Nature - Memories No Fo.wl A >|>!ei, h i V.iM.-y .,f I. ili. -, "to.-ka.l.-, -Suii'lav at /.or.- Ilaiii-Ma 1 itu- The Slave I 1. i i:. K^t Afri.-a II.-L'.-- ..f Kami Hark Cloth lint- f.rthr Spirit, of til-- I', a*!- C..iitr.i-Ts in Character F-T.--IS ;in.| Kaiii* Healthful AtiiiniU 'I IP- /.- 1 . r.i v.-ry !! .eita'ul The I-.-aii-wa I '.a- 1 for Worse The Ila'ii-a A Mi-T.iMi- S -I SOITO-A, M,ilti|.iie.l- A M.-j.aiie Forest Nyarina/t T rah:,, ,!, a U'..iua!i I. ..,,..f (, ,.,;, F\j" ri, ;,.-. uith:t dav- in tin- litt!<- villa.:'- of Kalnnilx' \r.-r.- full of ;iMXi'-tv. lli'- \\.iin.ii, who are th<- pn/e- alwavs envied with jio-t ei.\.-i.i;i- eves l>v th M i/itu, had Keen -..-nt a\vav, and the men iii.ivd ai> nit ani"ii _ r th'-ir rude Inrnae.- and ti>ix r e> with a WateliJu ! ne- wllll'il e\p|'.~-i-d the .-e|l. i||-||e-- < il tile oeea-loll ni"re einphat leallv than aiivthili;4 th.-v tm_ r ht have ~ai'. ><\ \va~ e!'-ariv ~ei n in the inilii.-trv with whifh tii.-v handl'-l t If inipleme!it> of t Ifir 'rude art. The eivilit ies o| tin- raee \\i-re al'.vav-. apjU'eeiafed a- trnlv n-fn-'liiiii; a!t r li. ;n_ r aiui'tV' d !i\ the iinpndenee and I !np"-it i. in- "1 tin- \\ aivall, \vh-i it '"'i!d In- i-!'-arlv -n I'.-lt ihein-r! ve- the d'Hiiinant rae i; in tir -.iin'rv. < >:i nl' t he in. .-t interest in^ pri\ i!- _- n|' t he t.M\. I;, ; - 1J,,. . .[i|,.i|-| milt \ J,ir i .!)-' TVll!_ r tlf dltl' !e|le.- \\h|i'll ill-fin jn !i f!ie tr,ii< -, all alike a- tie \ ni.i\ ! in th- ir u' 1 '"' ral e- i:id .' .. .:i ; ._! .; i:,e.- and d- ji'.idat i. m. And t h- |e \\a- rai'elv n ! .! i . : d . |. . 1 d.:1' :' nee in t h. -. - intiin.it' 1\ a--oeiat'd tnri d - ' in_-M. -: . d ','.! r-,\-i ra-'--. A- a rule, the Man_'aii|a nr-- \ ' t Hi' , .' . ' : in a' ! t !f - i\ a.."- art - and inanntaelur<-. 1 .,:! ! Him - t in n ..ii' a -' : ; - i - i- - a 1 il< f ill' ill e'n ! h ; tin i r :r"ii COXTRA.yiED CHAHAfTKItS. weapons and implements show a taste fur design which is nut reached hv the neighboring tribes, ami in all matters that relate to husbandry they excel : but iu d:i>h and eoiyagc they arc de- ficient. The \Vaiv:m,on the contrary, have round apple-.shaped heads, as distinguished from the long well-shaped heads of the poor Manganja; they are jocular jind merry, given to travelling, and bold in war these are qualities which serve them well as they are driven from pillar to post through slave wars and internal dissension, but they have nut the brains of tin: Man- ganja, nor the talent to make their mark in any direction where brains are wanted. The skill of the arti/ans even among this clever race seemed to diminish, however, as the distance from the lake increased. They have very little knowledge of anything beyond their own limited possessions, and have pursued their avocations in the face of difficulties which can hardly be estimated by those un- familiar with the thoroughly commotional character of a com- munity comprising as many sovereignties as there are villages, and possessing no higher law than the capricious jealousy or eovetousness of the hearts of men in the rudest barbarism. Hut besides their working in iron and the agricultural duties, tl.c people of this region are much given to hunting with nets, and though there was nothing on the gigantic scale of the famou- hopo of the Bak wains, there was certainly abundant opportunity for the employment of all their skill and courage. Indeed the country was literally overrun with the monsters of the forest, and we can hardly credit the accounts of the indifferent impudence with which they stalk about the abodes of men. Two days passed and the Maxitu not making their appearance Livingstone led his partv on towards Kani/cnjc. The scenerv i- described as being vcrv lovely as most of the mountain scenerv of the country is. Over the rugged ness a beautiful carpet of green hung gracefully as could \><-, and lofty trees standing proudly on summits and in gorges regulated the configuration of the ran^e with wave-like symmetry. These large trees \\vre more numerous than thfv were nearer Lake Xvassa. Frequently aiong this route, following as thev did the highlands, the partv crossed the little stream- which had sources in the neighborhood rtowiiiLT in the direction of the lake. 410 SERIOUS EMBARRASSMENTS. The country continued .-trewn with the evidences of the ancient iron work-. S| leaking of thoe, the doctor siiys : " Tlie iron trade mu.-t have Ixt-ii carried on for an immense time in the country, ' lor one cannot ^ri) a (juarter of a mile without meeting pieces of du ami luoken pot.-, calcine* 1 pipes, ami fragments of the fur- naces, which arc converted l>v the tire into brick. It i> curious that the lar_ r e -tone filetl^e-hawiiHTS now in use arc not called hv the name stone-hammers, Imt Itv a distinct word, ' Uama : ' nyundo i- one made ol' iron." Though they are greatly inferior to the MaiiLranja in the lake region in their pottery, the people claim to have come originally from Nva>sa, and they al.-o declare that they received the knowledge of iron-smelting from ( 'hixumpi <(;.ni.. ' At fvanyenje In- received the u-ual attentions; and it \ra- ex- re, din.-ly gratify in;: to find that this town had e>eap-d the ravaj-e^ ol' tin- Ma/itu during the la-t year. The chief readily fnrni-hed -i. me food, and though not entirely free from .-omc "t" the iii'>re disagreeable trait- of' men of' hi- sort, wa- rea-ona- Llv polite. Ami'ii^ the men \\lio figured mn-t enn.-picuously nlxnt hi- eonrt wa- :in old p-ntleman \\ho kin, which marked him a- the p;rcat hunter of' the town. And when it i- rememlxTetl that t !ie-e tr.iphie- had all U-en won \>\ the sjHtir alone, we should ii"t lie a-toni-hed that thev are \\nrn with LTi'eat pride. Int although there \\a- aliiindance <>f lar^e 'jaine reported on all -id<-- lli.- pirtv pa--< d on \sith n' -peeial adventure. Indeet] th'- i'liii'ii' -V \\a- already Ix^-ominj; one full ofanxietv and hard- ship t" I .i \ in_ r -l"iie. Thev were advancing -lowlv toward (lie IP 1 1 I li, and lii- -t> -k of tfood- had Keen -adlv dimiin-lied through t he di-h"i:-t v of the iiH'll \\ ho had a Ire; id \' -o f'ait li!< --lv de-erted him. An'! l..--iil.-. tin- emliarra>-menl of tln--e ln--e- he was nndi r tie n. -. e--itv i.f Iia\'iii_ r '-n-rier- \'r tin- -mall -im'e \\hh-h he still | -- d. The-.- einl.:irra ment-, added to the devastations if tli'- M:i/:'l|, made it e\i-eedill'_'lv ditVlclllt t'l pP''lire food OH any term-. Tie- iii'-'iiiv ni' IH-.- ..f Keiirj- -u dejM-ndent <>n earners V..L- p< rli ip- iii..r.- ami..vin_r than it \\uijd have Keen aiii"iiL r the t ri! - t u h- r -'.nth, l---au-'- t he eh !!'- are le-- al>-"lnte and ('eel iii'>r'- the imp- .ri.ui'-e ..f' e..nrtin-j their people. It \sa- not nn- f 'r- 'ju- -:i !v th.- . .L-- thai -oine trilling \\him on the part of' the THE CHARMS OF NATUKK. -HI people made it impossible to secure transportation, and in such eases the only thing to l>e done, was to pst a guard about the parks and go on until men could be engaged to bring them up. This had lx*en the ease at Kanvenje. The head man, Kanyindnla, came on the morning of the doctor's departure from his village 1 with three carriers, but they demanded pavrnent in advance for their services. This was one of the tricks which a traveller is not long finding out, and Livingstone knew too well that he would be only the poorer by accepting them on those terms, and decided to go on to a little village at the "fountain eye" of the I>na, whence! lie sent men back for the loads. But the entrance in his journal of that date shows that he .found abundant use for even the hours which might have hung very heavily on the hands of an ordinary man. His ardent love for nature always came to his relief, breaking the power of the innumerable annoyances of his lonely and toilsome marches. His eye loved to wander over the splendid mountains, and his habit of careful observation converted every scene into a study. In this neighborhood he noticed considerable quantities of quartz rock, and fragments of titaniferous iron ore, with haematite changed by heat and magnetic ore; and he thought it worthy of mention that the little rivulets about the resting place flowed some of them northward toward the upper part of Xvassa, and others southward, making a contribution to the Loangwa and finding their way to the sea with the majestic Zambesi. A few lines of his written at this time exhibit the spirit of the man, and gives us a glimpse of the country which will help us to reali/e more fully his surroundings. "We left Bua fountain latitude 13 40' south and made a short march to Mokatoba, a stockaded village, where the people refused to admit us till the head man came. They have a little food here, and sold us some. We have been on rather short commons for some time, and this made our detention agreeable. We rose a little in altitude alter leaving this morning ; then, though in the same valley, made a little descent towards the north-northwest. High winds came driv- ing over the eastern range, which is called Mehinje. and bring large masses of clouds, which are the rain-givers. Th:v seem to come from the southeast. The scenery of the vallev is 412 AFUICAN MOUNTAINEERS. lovely atul rich in the extreme. All the foliage is fresh-washed and dean ; young herbage is bursting through the ground ; the uir is ddiciously cool, and the birds are singing joy fnl Iv : one, called M/.ie, i- a good songster, with a loud, melodious voiout him as he advanced ; at every village, however, there w:is the unwelcome news of "no food." The ravages of the Maxitu met them again. The inhabi- tant.- had generally resorted to the enstoni of surrounding their h lines lv stockades, and in their extremity , like true mountaineers, a- th'-v were, would ilv to their rorkv fastnesses and from the safe dill'- wag- a most effectual war on their assailants with huge stones the artill'Tv of mountain dans in all age- whieh thev knew well how to hurl down along the familiar path-. (Yo.-sing the Sandili, it wa- found that the route lav along the slope whieh incline* to the I^oangwa, and verv so.n the mountains were towering U-hind, and a comparatively level eountrv -trelehed awav toward the north, covered with a -ylvan foliage whieh might ea-ilv deeeive tin- nio-t practi-ed eye if viewed only from a di-tancf. The -eeming forests of stately tree- on nearer ap- proach dwindled into mere hop-poles. \"a-t districts were found to !) kf|,t el.iih-d with a growth of the-e pole-.lni! th-- my-tery wa< e:i-ilv -<>lvi-d when it was noticed that the whole domain wa- -uannin', r with charcoal burners. < >n the *J jtli of November F/ivingstone entered 7,e..re'- village, on the bank- of a -tream ol' in-ignilicant appearane-, called L"ku/hwa, flowing awav toward the I^oangwa through a -|ilen- did valN'V distinguished bv it- rich, dark rel luam, almve which innumerable lib.-- of tin- amarvlli- kind had woven th.-ir pure \\hit'- b!i.--om- into a -liowv carpet. The people of ihe Village ea!!'d th'-ni-elv- I-'-hewa, and. thoii-jh a tribe ol' the MaiiL r anja, \M ! di-tingui-hed bv a dilV'-rent marking from the Atumboka, v. h-. d-A.'lt inon- among ihe hill-. Th-- f'-:-niidali!e ap|>earanee of the -|o<'kade had -.-ein-.-d this vill-ij- fV'.-n t!i.- a--ault- of' the Ma/itu, \\ho came only and 1 -.k,-l .,n it an ! d. -parted ; and a- th-- p.-o|,le had f,,,*! to -rll, 1 >r. Li\ in _ -ton d--i id.-d to n-main t here over Sundav. Of this p .[.!- h- -a\ - : "T!i'- til' n h:i\-'- th<- hair dn---ed a.- it a number ot' (!; l.-tir- of !'-ph:iii!-' tail- \\ere -tti'-k around the hra.l : th' 1 wotip-ti 'A'.ir a -mail lip ring, and a straw or piece of -tick in the SUNDAY KEKVIl'E. 413 lower lip, which dangles down alxmt level with the lower edge of the chin : their clothing in front is very scanty. The men know nothing of distant places, the Manganja being :i very stay-at-home people. The stockades are crowded with lints, and the children have Imt small room to play in the narrow spaces between." The service of Sunday, which Dr. Livingstone never neg- lected, attracted the attention of the natives, and interested them considerably. Rain was greatly needed, and as they had the impression that he was praying for it, they wen; probably watching for the effects. It must seem very strange to per- sons who though heathen are still so fixed in their peculiar beliefs, that others should account all their cherished creed a silly fiction. The head man of this village was intelligent, however, and seemed to appreciate the instruction he received. lie was not enough interested in his visitor to be at very much pains for his convenience. Speaking of him the doctor says: " Zeore's people would not carry without prepayment, so we left our extra loads as usual and went on, sending men back for them: these, however, did not come till the 27th, and then two of my men got fever. I groan in spirit, and do not know how to make our gear into nine loads only. It is the knowledge that we shall be detained some two or three months during the heavy rains that makes me cleave to it as means of support." But he did not sutler his troubles to interfere with his ol ner- vation of the customs and enuntrv, as we see in the following ex- tracts: "Advantage has been taken by the people of spots where the Loku/hwa goes round three parts of a circle to erect their stockaded villages. This is the case here, and the water, being stagnant, engenders disease. The countrv aliouiul- in a fine light blue flowering perennial pea, which the people make use of as a relish. At present the blossoms only are collected and boiled. On inquiring the name. <>}ii/<>fj<\ the men asked me if we had none in our country. On replying in the negative, thev looked with pity on us: 'What a wretched countrv not to have chilobe!' It is on the highlands above; we never saw it el-e- where. Another species of pea (I'JiUnbc ?/v;r/\ with reddish flowers, is eaten in the same way ; but it has spread but little in comparison. It is worth remarking that porridge of maize or 414 "' PROPKKTY IN MAN." sorghum is never offered without some pulse, lupins, or l>ean leaves, or flowers; tliev -ecm to led the need of it, or of pul-e, whi'-h i- richer in ll- -h-foriners than the porridge. " La-t ni^ht a l'ud clapping of hands hv the men was fol- lowed bv -everal halfiipprc ed -cn-ams bv a woman. Thev wer- i|tiite it'Irif''!,, as it' she could not get them out. Then nuiiti-ded a lot of utterances a- if -he were in ec-ta-v, to which a man responding 'Moid, moid.' The utterance, so far a< I oiild catch, were in live-syllable snatches abrupt and la!x>ivd. I wonder it' thi- ' bubbling or boiling over' has been preserved a.- the t'orm in which the true prophets ot' old gave forth their 'burdens,?' One -entence. fivijiientlv repeated towards the close of the etl'ti-ion, was ' /!ni;howin_ r that the 1'vthoiie-- loved vciii-ou killed bv the bow. The people applauded and attended, hoping that rain would follow h- r etl'ort-. And in \t dav -he wa- dtilv honored bv drumming and dam-ing." Here, a- in so manv of the villn^c. Living-tone found the idea nt' propertv in man and slave-trailing. Thi- 1 < lief in the ri-_ r ht to -e|] a man, while it -eem- \< rv widelv extended, the d-ftof a--ure- n-, i- found, except in tin- Arab-, onlv in t \\ o fatnili' - of the pi-ople in thi- ea-d rn part ot' Africa. Tin- Xnlu-, a- we know, and the liechuana-, al>hor -hn'crv. The \\'aivau and th'- Man-_ r :tnja onlv welcome the emi. arie- of /an/ibar marki-t- with tln-ir di-jradinn \-oki-. Ib wa- iio\\ Hearing the Loangwa.and it would be refreshing to -. , a'_ r :iin. though -o far tip. tin- rivi-r \\hi--h flowed awav through tin familiar -mi-- of the Xam' c-i and on into the 'jri-at iMian. h would be like the opening ot' a \\indo\s on the lom-- in'"- !' a !"ti ' imiiri-onment. ( >!!< of the iii"-i beautiful thin;'- I in ! hi i haraeti r of' Li\ iicj-Ii -lie '\ a- the fond lie-- with u hi' h IM- ' !. ! .-!; d the -'.Mi t Ilieiiiori"-- ot' -eelie- end- al'i d bv the a--o<-;a lion- "t >'!: r da\-. and the readim with whin ainoi:^ th< m evti % .\ h- n i ii-lni n-/ -e\ .-i . -t hard -hip- and biirdem d with ino-t o;it j-oii- dnt ! -. I!*- w a- not \\ and' ri n_r in the wild- ot A III- a, ;i- -'.in. },,,) nt;! ind!% Ii'nti-l, lu-'-au-" 1 h>- did not ap|>ri-eiati- th'- e|i' ! :i' fl i' lit ' ! le'lii' ; )r> In. Ill e\i|' !o\ i d the | . || ||i -liii-lit- o( CLOTH-MAKING. .JJ.-, eiv ill/at ion more than he; and this wa.s not a small part of hi., singular power with the untutored inhabitants of tho.-c wilds. Tin- villages along his route as he approached the Loangwa were generally surrounded hy hedges of bamboo, and the .-igu* of industry were eheering. Besides the noise of forges and fnrnaeis, there was heard everywhere the tap-tap-tapping, which reminded the travellers of the peculiar and ingenious cloth-making which engages so many quick hands. This cloth is manufactured of bark. The bark on being removed from thi' tree is steeped in water or in a black muddy hole till the outer of the two inner barks can be separated, then commences the tapping with the mallet, by which the fibres are separated and softened and prepared for their rustic looms. Sometimes there were seen beautiful indications of tenderer feelings and loftier thoughts than some mav dream of as existing so faraway from the eon tines of the light of boasted civilization. The ideas of (iod were vague indeed, and there were only the suggestions of the untaught souls about the existence of man beyond tin- grave, but in these villages there were often seen beautiful little huts, two feet high only, which bereaved parents and friends had made with great care, where they loved to place their daily oH'erings to the loved ones who had gone into the mysterious gloom. It was sad to think that thev had no clearer idea- of the future, but it was a welcome thing to see even Mich evi- dences of the recognition of human immortalitv, and it wa- pleasing to observe such tender mindfulness of the dead. But there are painful contrasts in human nature, and in these verv villages where parents and relatives were .-o thoughtful of their own dead, there was no friendly hand to stretch aero-- the line of consanguinity and succor the desolate orphan ; if a mother died, no one cared for tin 1 helpless child she might leave. Liv- ingstone passed one of these poor little uncared-for ones crving piteously lor its mother, who could not come back out of death, nnd all the parsing women did wa< to say carelessly, "She is coining.'' His own tender care came too late, and tin little crving one passed awav. Surely the Christian woild cannot withhold from the millions of Africa that blessed truth which, like the heart of Christ, ignores the lines of interest and community, and makes of all men one faniilv in the Lord! .Jlfi THK KAINS HF.CJINMNG. \Ve cannot tell ho\v tin- inspiring hop- of Africa's mlemption strriigtlu'iutl tin- In-art ami hand of the great man who, in all hi- devotion to -cieiiee, was still oU-ying tin- loftier anxieties which fi.-t niovitl liirn to lav himself on (tod's altar an otlerin" *> fir the heath* -ii. More ami more lie wcded to Ix- su-taincd ; no a-piration could more than inatrh the painfulnc-s of tin* dailv lift- he was leading. Tin- hills were clothed with forests of dwarf trci>, who^- spreading l)ou|jhs nwumulatttl the heavy droji- of the rain- which were Ix'gimiing to fall v-rv fntjnentlv, and >ei nied to take ill-light in >hakin^ tiieir dripping leavo just \\'i n the travellers ji:i--cd, as if conspiring with the cloud- In di-i neh them n\-i unpityin^ly. This region, like other parts -it the land, receive- it- liivor- t'roni alnive at regular intervals, and thi-rr are Imi^ pi ri"d- wln-u the -un hold- nndi-pnted -\vay ; and thii'_rh the h< at i- not -o int"lei'alile a- in the l>arren ie_M.i!i-, and the atnio-phi re i- purer than in the raid; marshes 't' th-- lo\vi-r lands aloiiiT tin 1 L r reat river-, (he t:! - "iinil IM-CUIDCS drv and hard, and all al>iit it- surface are deep crack- \\hich, in tin- rainv -i'a-on, are .-HIU filled, and their lin^erinu traces hidden I iv U-autifiil ^ra--es ;md tlnwer<. Now and then the monotonv ol' the -i-riili tli|-e-t- \\a- n-H.-v d 1>\ the appearance of -tatcli.T tree- ; the majc-tic mojiaiie -oinetnne.- ap|'eareo much admired \'r it- li'-antv and at the -aine time -i hL'hlv valued I'.r it- tl.--h a- the -insularly \\ ild and fanta-ti-- /. Kr a ; hi- ! intit'ul -tripe- !la-hin;_' in the -nn, and hi- marvel- !"H- -raei'lhlin-- a- he da-he- al-out the |], .\\er- or through the fiir-e-t-. Jill the |M holder with admiration, and there i- no liner poj-! ih. in d:i-hin_r into the mid-t of' the -pl.-nilid herd- of them uhi' ii rii'ive ali'-n' :dino-t anvwhere. .\f'-r innnmi-ral'lc annovanii-- iVoin ^ni-'e- and tnnilile with i-ivri- r- a:,d ila\- <(' -trnj'jlinj a!"ii^ the nio-t nnpat h-like- p'.'!,-, Li\ in/-to|M- at la-t r- aehed the I^iaii^waatld halted at th'- -! !' -n jK -Id of Maranda. I'-nt \vear\in^ r a- the march had \*>:i, '!i'T- \\a- n ''liinj refi e-hmi.' to lie -ecu or heard there. CROSSING TIIK LOAN(i\VA. 417 only the desolate, neglected appearance of the fields, and stories of the ravages of the national banditti who were the terror of all the region through which he had passed. And l>eing un- able t<> obtain (bod of any sort for any consideration, the party decided on crossing the river immediately. They wen- now in 1*2 -15' S. about three hundred miles nl>ove the confluence of the Loangwa with the Zambesi, with which we became familiar in earlier portions of this work. Though so far away from its mouth, the river was from seventy to a hundred yards wide and ei>n -even- whi>-h weiv almost unendurable to tlu 1 tnan who IKK! alreadv e.x|* rieiieed j>atit-ntlv -<> imn-li want and ex- jmsiiiv, and \\lio \va- hraeed l>y higher u-pirations and deeper eonviei ions i'f dntv tlian had ever imj>elled an explorer In-fore. Tin- i^n-at diftii'ultv of procuring gnide> great Iv aggravated the other .;)!*'! ;- of the inareli. It was trying imlet-d to !>< e>.m- jw !!>-d i.i -trike as lore-ts, wet and hungrv, with ulmo-t ei-rtaintv that the to-morro\v would l>ring nothing hetter tliarj to-dav. It wa- fortnnat4 indeetl it was more than lortu- ir.it'. it wa- providential that thi- inhospitable land was alive evervwhere with splendid ganio, and from the-r herd- the entire -!nr.' !' loi.d wa- supplied. I >av ai't>'r dav there was the same wr;i!-\it;^ hailing jf the natives al>iit everv trifling matter and tin- -ame aironi/in^ gnawings of hnnger. lint there were ehanns in t!ie f'iri--t -'i-iiei-y \\Iii. 'h -om>-ttmi - ehei-red the gn-at man'- .-ill a- ! j':i---l along with hi> little hand ofiolloweis. Sume- ti:n>-- tin- _;! :it inpan>- tri-<- prevail--'!: tin ir imiiu'ii-e >i/e. the r> _ r u!:ir di-tai!' 1 .-- at whieh t ln-v -to. ], and the alix-nee from their -tai. 1\ - trnnl.- of lower hrain'ln-, \\hi!'- th>'ir splendid foliage w. iv>- a i-tnopv far alxtvc through \\ hi< li the golil>-n sun.-hine \\a- liltej-.'d il.e.vn >m the l"\vlv \\ild llo\\->-r-. and the \\ing-, (it'lirl- and _'ln--v >-..a?- >!' /e!(i';L- ami ant>-l>ijn--. t'..nn>'d a grand areade l'ii- (i.>'l to -mile on. The->- Ix-auties and the grandeur were 11"! 1 '-! oil I ,1 Vlllg-tolie. ( '!ian:iin_ r a- had U-en the ehond inel' li. - \s hich soinetillles lit-"!-.'- "ti lii- e:ir alonu r the /aiiile>i, tli.-re w> r>' manv in w ii..t. - 1. 1 l. ili-i iii'_ r ni-he>l hep , and there e. .11 1.1 lie 1m Ie doiiht that t!i>- r.-_ r ion w:s- r;. h.-r in ornitholngie;d lif>- than anv h>- ha>l -ern. ( ),, I ). ..ml" r th>- '_'":h Living-tone r>a>-h>-Tahle hamlet eon-i-t- in_' I't'onlv a fi-w IIM'-. Th'- appearaii' e \\a- eiimi-h (.1 da-h all th- h-.p.-. \\llirll had !..en eh.ji-hed ,,f till.lill- |iii H |. N'olhiil- ron! ! 1,. h i, ! ; " 1 10 _'rain. not ev>-n herli-.'' " A (:>-r a -hort mareh Jr. -MI li- r. ." -;t\' h'-, " \\ i >-ame ?. the N vama/i, a eon-id> ra- (,! rivul'-l e..[iiii]_' from (he north to (all into ;h-- I/nangua. li Li- id- -am. hara'ter. of -ti>-p alluvial liank-. a.- I'ama/.i. and a!i ,!.' ?!..- .iitn- -.-, i-hh, 1'iit mil' h -hall"\\i-r; !"in di-ep, though i a* -..'I'll. !V"in liftv to -ixtv \ard- \si>le. \\'e -aw THK I.OANGWA VAI-LKY. }!'.) some ,lo\v hills, of coarse sandstone, and on crossing these we could sec, by looking back, that for many days \vc had been travelling over a perfectly level valley, clothed with a mantle of forest. The barometers had shown no difference of level from about one thousand eight hundred feet above the sea. We Ix'gan our descent into this great vallcv when we left the source of the Bna ; and now these low hills, called Xgale or Xgaloa, though onlv one hundred feet or so above the level we had left, showed that we had come to the shore of an ancient lake, which prob- ablv was let oil' when the rent of Kebra-basa on the; Zambesi was made, for we found immense banks of well-rounded shingle above or, rather, thev mav be called mounds of shingle all of hard silicious schist with a few pieces of fossil-wood among them. The gullies reveal a stratum of this well-rounded shingle, Iving on a soft greenish sandstone, which again lies on the coarse sandstone first observed. This formation is identical with that observed formerly below the Victoria Falls. We have the mountains still on our north and northwest (the so-called moun- tains of Bisa, or Babisa), and from them the Nyama/i Hows, while Pama/.i comes round the end, or what appears to be the end, of the higher portion." But hunger, the hard master, drove them on toward the vil- lage of one Kavimba, who had successfully resisted the Mnxicu. There he was destined to disappointment as usual. Kavimba gave onlv a small return-present for the offering which was made him, and would sell nothing except for most exorbitant price.-. All dav the '21th of December thev remained Irving to get some grain. But, besides the ordinary difficulties of dealing with thc AND THKIK niun. Rich coar-e food a- could In* picked np here ami then 1 , it wo.-* lud t' In- rohlnil of tlii' la-t article which ^ave him anv >rt of .satisfaction. "Tin- lo--," he said, " allivted me more than anv OIK- could imagine." Hut everv dav brought so manv ills that tht re was hardlv time tor more than a thought ulxxit each. From tli' town of Kavimla a man had volunteered his MTV ices a.- iMiide : onlv the next dav he a-ked for the doth which lie was tn receive that he misfit wear it, as hU hark eloth was a mi>-er- a!le e< ivrriii'^ ; no -UMIKT had In- nxfivtnl it than he watchwl his ehanee and iMiltt-d on the fir-t opportunity. I'n-in^ thn^ li-lt to th.-ir <\vn indirment thev ]>res>etl on, fol- ' . I lowing as in-arly as j><>--i!i!e tin- track nt' a travelling partv of I.ili-a. and the altcniouii of the 117th of I)ceeml>er n-acln-d the hi!!- on the north, \\heiv the Nvama/i ri-e- ; and after passing iij) the l,.-il i it' a rivulet lor ,-ome time lf^an the ascent, of which he >:iv~ : "At the l>ottoin and in the rivulet the .-hin^le .-tratnin \sa -otnetinie- fit'tv t'-et thick, then a- \\ axt-ndei] \\c met mii-a rclii-t tilted on ed_ r e, tin ii 'jrav ^iiei--, and la-t an i^m-on* tra|> amon_' ijnart/ rock-, \\ith a L_ r i'eal deal of hri^ht mica and talc in them. < hi r- Mm_ r near the tn|> of the (ir-t a-cent two honey hunt' r- came to n-. Tlp-v \\.re n-in_ r t he hum v-'juide a< an aid; the liiid i-ame to n~ a- thev arri\'ed. \\aited ird llie- from tree to tr-e in front of the hunter, chirruping lomllv, and \\ill not !>e cnntent till it arrive^ at the -pot \\li'-re the I,,,-' n.-~t i- ; it then \sail- ijnietlv till the lion.-v i- taken, and lied- on the lipik.-n mor-el- nf eomh which f.il! to ii- -hare. N-ar -nn-et the party ii'tunpcd hv \\ater "n the cm. 1 height aii'i made their -he!i. r jl.r lh-- ni-lit. A l'e\\ extracts from the la-' : .o'i!-iial v.ill -erve I., tier to convey the true picture of the \' : .in M|' ir -A.- e..n!d _'i\'e, and \\i!l al-o -. rve Kett tii-- i :! - ; >:r:t (' t \\< man. " I IP- n\t dav." he \\ rite., " three men, u'oiiiLT to hnnl 1-ee-, rai ne !o n- a- ,'.,'..-!. -tart in^' and a--nnd n- that M:!. 1 i t'n-' |>art \ ha'l t"l-l u- t he -aine t inn_ r , and -o '< '.i h i\ \\ , !:, . h '.HP - :i' ' in'tUti HI ai '.' \\ hen in MOKUWA'H VISIT. .j^j reality they wen; ' jitttnri (far)/ that wo l>egin to think jttifu^i means ' I wi>h you to go there,' and j>nfuri tin- reverse. In this cast; nmr meant an hour and three-quarters from our shvping-place to Moerwa's ! " When we look hade from the height to which we hav ascended we see a great plain clothed with dark green fon>t except at the line of yellowish grass, where probably the Loantrwn flows. ( >n the e:ist and Miutheast this plain is bounded at the extreme range of our vi.-iou by a wall of dim blue mountain- forty or lifty miles off. " Moerwa came to vi>it me in my hut, a rather stupid man, though he has a well-shaped and well-developed forehead, and tried the usual little arts of getting us to buy all we need here though the prices are exorbitant. ' Xo people in front : y giving Moerwa a good large cloth he was induced to cook a mess of maere or millet and elephant's stomaeli ; it was so good to get a full meal that I could have given him another cloth, and the more so as it was accompanied by a message that he would cook more next day and in larger quantity. On inquiring next evening he said ' the man had told lies,' lie had cooked nothing more: he wa.- prone to lie himself, and was a rather bad specimen of a chief. ' While resting en route for Chitemba's, who it was reported had siuressfully resisted the Ma/itu, Moerwa, with all his fbn-e of men, women, and dogs, came up, on his way to hunt elephants. The men were furnished with big spears, and their dogs are u-M-d to enu'aije the animal's attention while they spear it ; the women cook the meat and make huts, and a smith goes with them to mend any spear that may be broken." Continuing their journey over level plateaux on which the roads are wisely placed, they hardlv realized that thev were travelling in a mountainous region. It was all covered with dense forest, which in manv ca>es is pollarded, from beiiiiT cut ii>r bark cloth or for iiimtinu' purpo.-es. Masuko fruit abounds. From the eisalpiiuo and gum-copal trees bark cloth i> made. i_>l> A HF-Al'TIFfl. SIM KIT. Tlu-v now came to lar^e masses of htpmatitc, which wiu often ferruginous: there was c-onnlonu'ratc too, manv quart/ jH'bhles Ijcin^ intermixed. " It -ci-m-," savs Livinjrstoiu', " a. if when the. hikes e.\i.-ttl in the lower land> the higher levels gave forth jreat (juantitit-s of waU-r from ehalvlx-atc fountains, which de- po-ited this irmi ore." < rav granite or (jtiart/. with talc in it \va- di-covered under the hjetnatitc. Of tlii- re-j-oa the doctor writes: ' The forest resounds wit!. -in'_ r inird, which lias a more la! tore* 1 treble note and voicv ' ( )h, oh, oh ! ' Gay flowers lilu-h nn-i-en, lnt the jM-njde have a ^MM! idea of what is eat- alile and what ii'>t. I looked at a woman's basket of leaves which -In- had collected for -upper, and it contained eijjjht or ten kind-, with mn-hroonis and orchidaceous Howcrs. NN'e have a S!i.-i-e--i(in of -!io\\er- to-d:iv, from iioi'tliea-t and east -northeast. \\ ' are uncertain when we -hall come to a village, as the Haliisa will not t--!l n- \vhere they are situated. In the evening we enctinijMMl he-ide a little rill, and made our -helter-, Imt we had -o little to eat that I dreamed the ni^ht lon^ o|' dinner- I had eaten, and rniirht have Ix-eii etitinj^." Nothing could IM- mo re Ix-.iutifnl than the heautitul words which (o!!o\v tlii- mention of' the hitter \\ant which was wearing awav the life of tliis -iirjularlv i_ riMM l man " I -hall make this In auMtul land known, which i- an essential part of the process liv which it will lieenm.. the ' plea-ant haunt- of men.' ' It was ( 'hri-t -like truK' to Ke thus aide to find -\\-ert consolation in the hope of' other-' liappine-s. \\'e are prepare* 1 for the word- which CO-IP- to u- in his journal on I>eceinl>er .".1-t: " We enl l^titi. It hi- not Keen -o fruitful or n-eful a- I intended. \\'ill trv t< do liefter in 1 ^'17, and lie In-ifer. more gentle and lo\ in_ r ; and ma/ tii'- Almiuhtv, to \\liom I commit mv wav, lirint! ni\ de-- -i" - to pa-- and |To-p. r in-- ! L< t ail the -in- of | siiC I.e Dotted o;i' lor .I'-'i-' -,il,. ! Ho-.v tli-- -_ r reat, hnmlile. pure, t- n-l- r, 'oV!!r_r a:id ti'u-tin-j -otil -hiin- out in -udi \\'or-l-I Nit unlike it i t lie ]"' i !'ii -i ! "ii .Ian uar v 1-t, 1 s>7 : " Ma\ he \\ h-> i- full of / r 'i'-e and tni:!i impr--- In- c|iara<-fer <>n mm- ; 'jra----, -:i/i-nn--s to -how I: i '.'or. t rut h. t rut hfulii----, -in- rit \ , honor. l->r hi* m- rev'- ELKIMIANT Hl'XTIXO. -lltf Being obliged to remain on account of ii threatened m-t-in ruin, the doctor bought :i scn/e ((inlocfiiulatiut win(h-miannft\ a rut- looking uniinal ; he was glad to g< t anything in the shape of meat. The next day was no letter, and the few lines he wrote tell a sad storv : "It is a m-t-in rain. The boiling-j>oint ther- mometer shows an altitude of three thousand live hundred and sixty-five, feet uhove the sea. Barometer, three thousand nine hundred and eighty-three feet ditto. We get a little macre here, and prefer it to lx,'ing drenched and our goods spoiled. We have neither sugar nor salt, so there are no soluble goods; hut cloth and gunpowder get damaged easily. It is hard fare and scanty ; I feel always hungry, and am constantly dreaming of better food when I should be sleeping. Savory viands of former times come vividly up before the imagination, even in mv wak- ing hours; this is rather odd as I am not a dreamer; indeed I scarcely ever dream but when lam going to be ill or actually so." They were now on the northwestern brim of the great Loangwa valley. The rainy season, which had fully set in, is the harvest time for the expert hunters of the country. The ground soon becomes exceedingly boggy, and the elephant, taken at the dis- advantage of sinking fifteen to eighteen inches in soft mud every step they take, falls an easy prey to his skilful assailant. This great giant of the forest is always easily confused, as \ve know, by the packs of yelping dogs. The hunters of this valley are doubly secure when they add this confusion to the embarrass- ment of bad footing. They watch their time and run up behind the elephant and with a single blow of a .-harp axe hamstring him. In other parts of the country the method of hunting these huge monsters is more perilous, and more skilful than with spear, axe or gun. The sword figures : \s the chosen weapon. The hunters surround the animal, and eluding all hi- a-saults, while near enough to torment him greatly with their .-harp and glittering blades, with matchless dexterity succeed in dealing the disabling and fatal blows. Mr. Baker, who witne-.-cd much of this sword hunting, declares that nothing can excel the wonderful skill of these men. But half starved and full of pain, his whole heart set on the accomplishment of a great work. Livingstone thought little of 426 TKIAI-S AND HUXOKK. the. .j*>rts which have U-eu the principal charm of African ex- ploration to iuo-t dt tho-c who have left u> the rvconl of tlicir journey.-. It was the v U-in^ dropped l>v the liv who carried them. No food \va- to lie had ; yet the countrv was l>eauiiful. The vallev had the appeanince of Ix-autiful park-; hut they were all lull of water, and the tjreatot caution W:L- needed con- tinuallv to avoid tailing into the deep watcrholes made by the fet-t ot" elephants or l>ulVa!oc-. Hi- own laii'/uau'e will tell u- njo-t Jouehin^jly t hi 1 story of tho-e da\~: " In tin- oo/e jjenerallv llie \\ati r i-onie- half-way iiji the -hM-. and we L r " pla-h. p!a-h, |i!a~li, in the lawn-liUe glade. Then- are no pcuplc In TC now in tin--- lovely wild val- lev-; Imt to-dav we came to mound- made of old for planting tjrain, and ,-la^ from iron tiirnace-. 1 lie 'jmde wa- rather oH'eiider in the t'on-t. Mv -lock of m. a! c-ame to an end to-day. I nit Simon gave me -ome "f hi-. It i- not the unplca-autuo- ot' rating unpalataltlc 1 >"d that t<-a-e- on.-, Imt we are never .-ati-tied ; I could lira.'.- mv-elf to di-p-e !' a very ui;-avory m,--, and think no more alioiit it ; lint this rnaerc engender- a (-ravini; v\hich ila"Ue- dav and ni"li! nice anl Iv. i \\ , ,-r -d :h'' Mua-i, flouinu' -tron-jl\ to the ea-t to the L. .an-wa river, ..n the iii..niiiiL r o| the loih, and in the alter- no. ,n an i-\ci--ivelv hi-as'v t him. l-r--tonn \\etted n- all to the >Ui, |,i-!o|-,. :uiv -h.-lter could If mad.'. Two I,)' our m. n uaiid'i-.d, and oth.-r \\\ r--maintl l-.-hind I"-!, a- otir tra.-k \\a- \\a-h--d out li\' tin- rain-. Th>- country i- a -Ucce-vion o! i-n-ifiiiou- \'..i\.-, all covcn-d \\ith jtlli'jli 1 , :iiid ii" tfac- of pa 1 ii- ; "'. i > in a hol!o\\ , and our linn.: \\ a- not heard till thi- niornin _', v. h> n \v>' a-.-.-n. i-'d a In i_dit and \\in-ali-\\i-nd. I :uii thaui.! i '. tii.i! n>- \\a- 1"-;, f..r a man mi,:hf wander a lo[i_' tim-- l.'I'.r.- ! .p 'iiiiij- a \ ilia --. >imo;i L.-a\e mr a little PAXfJKK rxSKKN. 4'_>7 more of his meal this morning, ani:i:Ai>rri. !..>. \vorkitl out ilu- longitude "f tin- mountain >tati>)n said to he Mpini, lui: li<- thought it Utter to name it ( 'liitutu '-, as la ruiild not ;_ r .-t the name fVoin hi- maundering guide, who proba- b!y dil not know it. Lat. 11 !' "2" S. ; long. :\'l 1' :',<>" K. A Ititude above .--a (barometer) "j."i."i.", feet. Altitude above ,-ea 'boiling jxint i . r .".S") lift. Dill'. ;*: feet. Destitution continued ; there was nothing but lamiin- and t'aniiiK- jtrii-f-, tin- |-.i|>lr living on inu.-lirooins ami lravs. ( )f til--'- iaii~iiri><)iiis it i- inti n -tin^ t,. know that thrtv art- a iinni- 1). r ill' -.(irt-. 'Hit o|' \\ h irh tin- jiciijili- rhtdi-i' live or >i\, ri-jfi-tinj* th' other-. Oni- -jit-i-ir-i Ix'c-oinc.s as lai'm 1 a^ tin- crown n! a man - hat ; it i- |nuv \\hitf, with a lilu-!i v 1 >r. i,.\ in_ r -!o:n- a- |n-rliap- \\\<- i_ r i'i-ati-t uti.-forttitic he had ever i-.\ jH-rienced. Hi- own \'< r~i";i follow.- : "A ITUulf I'eln- t|, -.1 \\t- niai'ehed Wllllcillt ulie. The (WO \\ai\au, \\iii jii:iied n- at Kande'- village, IH,W d.-erted. '1'hev had IK en \i-rv faithful all the wav. and tM,k "Mir part I!) eS'el'V i a-e. Knowing the lalILTUa_ r e Well, iheV Were e\- treinelv ii-eiui, and nu one th')ii_ r ht that they \\ter~ had ln-i-n kill.d hv the M. i/i'u -anil tin- 'ireiim-tanee. and th-ir iinilinii -.>d e..nduel, mad' ii- !ru-t them more than we -hnijld ha\e done anv other.-; u ho li id I" 'ii -lave-. Hut ihev left ii- in the for. -t. and heavv rain earn.- on. v. hi.'h o! >!ii. rat.-d everv v--t i^e .if t h> ir fo"i-t.-|.-. 'I" mai.e the I"-- the more -jal liirj, t h- \ (..ok \\hat \\ < e..ultl it a-t -par> the inediciiie-lio\, whieh tlnv \\oii.tl "nl\ ;hri'.\ a'A.r, a- -o!\. < >ne ot til. - \ilh a liv e.all'd liaraka, \\iio had 'harje ..| the ni> d \< I lie- l/o \ , lieeau-c he \-. a- -o ear. tul. I Ii ; - \\ a- done i , < aii-<- \\ it h I h" Hied id lie eh.-t \\. re pa- k-d t;-." !ar-. . L-th- and all P.araka'- . loihin- and (>' ad-, "f \\lii'-h h- \'. a- \ . r\ > ar- fnl. 1 ii- NVaivau al.-o otlcnt] PISTKKSSINfS HI'N(JKR. .J-Jfj to carry this burden a stage to help Baraka, while ho gave hi* own load, in which (here was no cloth, in exchange. The forest was so dense and high there was no chance of Dotting a glimpse of the fugitives, who took all the dishes, a large box of powder, the flour we had purchased dearly to help us zis far as the Zambesi, the tools, two guns, and a cartridge-pouch ; but the medicine-chest was the sorest lo.-s of all! I felt as if I had now received the sentence of death, like poor Bishop Macken/ic." He was prepared for losses and all manner of discourage- ments; hut such a loss as this cast a shadow over his ordinarily buoyant soul. And yet he did not murmur. " Everything of this kind," says he, " happens bv the permission of one who watches over us with most tender care; and this may turn out for the best, by taking away a source of suspicion among more superstitious charm-dreading people farther north. I meant it as a source of benefit to my party and other heathen." All their efforts to find the Waivau were in vain. We can- not appreciate the feelings of one so far away from friends, so entirely dependent on himself, under God, in an hour of such misfortune. Yet he found it in his heart to make many ex- cuses for the men who had robbed him so seriously. The loss must be endured. The want of food and continuous rains greatly hindered them, but they were now drawing near the Zambesi ; the streams which they crossed were all flowing northwest toward that 'jreat river, and all the reports were', that beyond it, in the immediate territory of the paramount chief, there was plenty of food. This hope renewed their flagging energies. Livingstone was not thinking of nice dishes, but real, biting hunger was torturing him. This was partly relieved at Moaba, on the banks of the Movushi. But the cloth which was their main dependence as etn rency was of little value here, as indeed it was in all the upland country, where the bark cloth is .-o abun- dant. But fortunately there wa- a demand for beads, and for- tunately, too, thev had some of the-e. It may be interesting for the reader to know something about this important item of currency all through Africa. u With a few exceptions they arc all manufactured in Venice. The greatest care must be exercised, or the traveller ignorant 4*0 (TKRF.NCY <>F AFRICA. of the prevailing fashion in the countrv ho is alxiut to explore find- himself with an accumulation of beads of no inorv value than token* would U- if tendered in this country for coin of the n-alin. Tin- Waiyati prefer exceedingly Miiall lx-ad*, the si/e of mustard seed, and of varimi- color-, Imt they uui-t IK- opaque: amon^-t them ilnll white chalk varieties, railed ' (.'atohokoln,'* at 4 -- valuable. lx>ils lilack anink, named, respectively ' Htihuhu ' and ' St'kundereehe' = the 'dregs of Pomlx-.' ( >ne r< d head, of vario.u< sixes, which has a white lrrve that one peculiar IOIILT head, nt-ogniw*! as common in the Man- vii' -ma land, i* on!v >-ent to the we.-t coa>t of Al'rii-:i. and n< >; ,- to th'- ea-t. ( )n ('Iniina jiintin^ to it a- a -ort found at the extreme limit explored l>v Livingstone, it was at once .-ecu that he mu-t have t'iich.-l that part of Afriea which he^in- t<> l>e within the reaeli of' the traders in the Portuguese settlements. ' Maehna Kan^a' - 'guinea f'o\vl'- eves,' i- another popular varie'v ; and the ' Moimnpio' - ' new heart,' a lar^e pale Mne head, i- a favorite am'>n-j-t the Wa!>i-a ; 1'iit ly f'ar the mo-t valnalile of all i~ a -mall white olilnni; U-ad, which, when -!!-iin_', li.dk- like the joint* of the cane root, from which it take- it- name, ' Salani ' = 'cane.' Su-i -a\'* that one pound v.ei/ht of thi -e head* would Iniv a tu-k of ivorv, at the -oiith M.l ot' T.ni'janvika. -o l.i^ that a -trong man could not carrv it m< >re than two hour-." At la-f the hank- of the XamKe-i were readied, and the ,' irv, huii!_ r rv partv took 1 od _: i n '_ r in a tcmporarv de-erted \ il- !:i ;-. Thi- wa- .lantiary lMth. Thev were detained tin- L'Tth !'V ra-n- ; that dav I)r. I ,i\'iir_ r -t"He wrote in hi- journal: " In ' irci-j-iii'j my dre thi- morning I wa* frightened at my ''.II -Iliaeeit loll.'* CHAPTER XXIV. FROM LAKE TO LAKE. OliitapaiiL,'a's Stockade An Oflrrin^ Required Audience with tho Chief Ceremony of Introduction Chitnpiuitfa as lie was Some Troublr -I.yint: Interpreters Aral) Trailers Letters Sent Home QuiK ChitapaiiL'a': The Chief's I'artinu' Oath Appearance <>f Country Troublesome Cii'-t'iinx Sus- picion <>f the Chief-- A Familiar Trick Eagerness for Trade Moamha :it Home Chief ami .ludire -The Moeinha The IIopo Bows aii'l Arrows- Jllni'mt Kasoiiso's deception Assaulted hv Ants Cotton Lake Lieiiiha Palm Oil The B:ilimi:u Severe Illness Arabs Cliitiinlw's Villatrc--A Loii'_j Delay N'satna The P.auluiiLru Industries Cupping < 'harms Dull Lite Slave-Tradt Little Things A Larire Spider At Hani Reception ;i t Nsaina's A Kride in Style " Tipo Tip<> " - -" Kiimha Kumha "//'."' Desertion Slavery (Question Ditferent Motives Arahs <,n the March Aral) Traders A Fantastic Party Potency of Sneers in Africa Delays Lakr Mocro at Last. ON" the ->lst of January our traveller leesile> a triple stockade, the village is defended l>y a deep, broad ditch, and hed^t' of thorny shrub. The messengers from the^reat chief soon approached t<> imjuire if thi 1 traveller desired an audience, and instrnetinr him that their custom required every one to take something '" his hand the first time he came before so ^rcat a man as Chitapanpi. I'x'iiii; tired from marching, Livin the chief until evening. At ") P.M. he sent nmice of his coniinu". Passing through the inner stockade and then on t>an ennnn(ti;.- hut, he entered the presence of the chief. His Maje-tv \va- heated on the tliree-lojjfred stool, which is one of the peculiar institutions of the countrv. Xear him were three drummers, beating furiously, and ten or more men with odd-looking rattles in their hands, with which they kept time to the drum.-, while seated and standing all about in the background wen 1 hundreds of eager subjects who gazed with deepest interest on the reception. 431 4.'>2 HK< KITION AT I' A notiivahle feature of the ceremony was the regular approach- ing ami rwitlini; <>f tin- rattler.-, \vlio -veined to j^ive to their chief some .-iHvial reverence liv advancing Ix-fort 1 liiin ami holding their toy-looking in-trnm< -nt> c things which he had l tell, and wa> treated with a n-pei't and (finliulity which inipivs-ed him verv favor- aMv with him. When t!ic\- hail <^<>t a little actjnaintcil, th chief walked with hi- vi-it'r towanl a ^nnip of ei.\\-. and with a tjrnerou-i air pointed out one and -aid, *' That is vonr-." \' ;iri "ii- circi mi -tances ei. n-j lired io protract the -tav of Livin^- >to||,j twentv davs at tin- village. Though ijuite JavoraUly impre--i-eri"tis annovanccs. He was particularly tronhled and vexed, ai'ter killing the e. >w \\hi'-!i had IM-CH '_'i\''n him, \>v the chief's demanding a blanket \\>r it. Thi- \\a- ni'-re annovinj; liecan-e he had none except -ndi a^ leloiiji,l to the men who \\ere \\iih him. 'I hi- demand wa pr ml, however, and it at len^ih turned <>ut that one of tlu* .\a--ick lad-, who had acted a- interpreter at their interview-, had not -tat-'d the conversation correct !v. 'I'lie chief had u r i\' ( 'ii the ru'.v, ' \j"'-tiii;_' a lilanket, 1'iit the ]..,% had -aid to Livin-j- -toiie, " hi' -av- yon mav ^ive him anv little thin^ von |i!ea-e." Thi- prc-nmptnoii- intcrfen -nee of int- rj-rder- i- one of the nio~t -erimi- annovaiice- of travellini; in anv <-onntrv; partienlarlv i- it -'i in Alnc;i: not onlv I >r. Living-loin' hut manv t ravel 1< M :ii- re ha\e 1 ).-.-n '_Teatlv troiihled li\- it. At t!ii- village Living-tone nn-f a -mall partv of Mack Ara'> t i\< trader- ir'.tn Ua^anioio, on t!i.' ena-t ii'-ar Xan/ihar, 1'V Ahoiii !,. \\a- alii- to -nd a |ia--l.i-t of letter-, uhieh ivaeh.-d 1 .:i_ r '.and ii- ! v and t^n-atlv relic VM! t he pn 1 >! ! miml conci riinii; tlie ^r. .it traveller, \\hohad le. n reported d--ad 1>\- Mn-aatt-r he jjad -o hear?!i--lv de-ert'-d him n- ar \\a--a. Tlie-.- Ara!> trad' r- h id i-oni'- into t he count rv hv a innch nearer route : a r !' t' "i ".!,; eh - A i- I'M!! of vil !a''e. and pe. .pie v, ho h a ve |i]> nt v t'f^'-a:-. I'.-, th' -e men I -. I, ivin^-toiH- ordered another supply THE PARTING OATH. -l.Ti of cloth and l>eads and a small quantity of coffee and Migar, candles, preserved meats, etc., with some medicines, to be sent to Ijiji. Little else occurred during the stay with Chitapanga worthy of special mention. The fre medicine l>o.\. We cannot imagine a more painful experience than the consciousness of failing health in a far a\vav heathen land without a single remedy at hand. At length, after repeated misunderstandings and compromises with Chitapanga, all growing out of the unpardonable inter- ference of the boys, who presumed to interpret the conversation according to their ideas of what it was best should be said, Dr. Livingstone prepared to leave on the 20th of February, 1807. lie says : "February 20, 1SG7. I told the chief before starting that my heart was sore because he was not sending me away so cordiallv as I liked. lie at once ordered men to start with us, and gave me a brass knife with ivorv sheath, which he had long worn as a memorial. He explained that we ought to go north as, if we made easting, we should ultimately be obliged to turn west, and all our cloth would be expended ere we reached the Lake Tan- ganyika; he took a piece of clay oil* the ground and rubbed it on his tongue as an oath that what he said was true, and came along with us to see that all was right; and ^o we parted." His route lav still almost due north through the countries of 'lie Babema and the Balungu. The whole countrv, he savs, can be no better described than as one vast forest. " Rocks abound of the r-amc- domolite kind as on the ridge farther south, between the Loangwa and Zambesi, covered, like them, with lichens, orchids, euphorbias, and upland vegetation, hard-leaved acacias, rhododendrons, masukos. The gum-copal tree, when perforated by a grub, exudes from branches no thicker than one's arm, masses of soft, gluey-looking gum, brownish yellow, and light gray, as much as would fill a soup-plate. It seems to yield this gum only in the rainy .-eason, and now all the tret's arc full of sap and gum." This march was inaugurated in unmistakable fashion. The 4:>f) Tin: KKAI. DIFFICULTY. night of February lioth was overcast with black clouds, and heavy thunder rolled alniut them ami drenching rain beat through the huts and Hooded the roads. Here, a- el-cwhere in Africa, there an- eu-tom- which greatly hinder and annoy the traveller. Tin- people are suspicious and ignorant, and it is ntHfssury, particularly when one i- almost entirelv unprotected, as Dr. Living-tone now wa-, I" be exceedingly careful. The, delays attending the ibrma! civilities which every petty chief either demands -hall be shown him or de-ire- to -how the -tranter are plea-ant enough in their wav, but are exceedingly vexation- when a man i- sick and wearv and anxion-lv pressing ibr a certain place. It wa- almn-t irnjM>ssible to impn-- on the chief-, that no -elii-h purpo-e- were to be -nb-erved by the journey through their eountrv. Thi- wa- reallv the great ditlicultv : thev generally held to the conviction that a man who had been at the trouble of [M-netrating their eountrv mii-t expect -oiue great iTiin-, and, naturallv enough, thought thev oii'jht to lie benefited al-o bv hi.- prc-en-e. It - indettl "almo-t !"> ridiculous to he- li.-vc," but ~o it \\:i-. \\ln-n IJvingstonc a mvd the "threat ehi t'," ( 'hitapanga, that th-- public benefit onlv \\a- -on^ht bv hi- joiiruev, that li>tingui-hi-d gentleman, with the m-t know- ing lanirh, pulled domi the niiderlid of the riirht eve. after the ni"-t approveil '_ r e-ture of our sehool-Ixivs when thev -av, " I )<> voii -e<- anvthing gri-i'ii ? " It wa- ju~t -o with hi- neighlmrs. M":iii!b:\. \\ho-i- village wa- on the ]. ft baidv of tin- Meren-je, had the -a me difficulty. lie \\a- i_ r eneron- ami L r( " K l-l"imore<| ; \\:i-. like ( 'hitapaii'ja. verv much int'Totcd in the !>.... 1<^ and in-trnment.- that w< re -hown him, and quite enrioii< about the wor-hip of the Kngli-hrnan, but could hardlv be i-. eoticili-d to hi- d' e]inii]'_ r to hnv ivoj-v or -lavi--. " He wa- \'ef\ anxious," -a- .- LiviirjMone, "jo know whv we wen- p>in:_ r to Tanuanvika ; '.r \\h-it Aeeaine; -,\ hat \\ e -hoii ! 1 bnv there; and it' I had any relat ioii- i IP -re. He tin -n -ho wed me - une fin.' lar-j-e t n-k-. ei : dit :'.-. t -j\ in l.-ii-_'th. ' What do voti wi-h to biiv. it' not -lave- or ivorv V ' I r. p!i- d. that the oidv thin g ! had *< u \\ ort h buying A:I- i !l:.i- f.it - hi- f like him. a- a -pecimeti, and a woman !'. . din- him, a- he had. v. ith l--r. Ib- wa- tiekled at thi- ; and .-aid that -A\f \\ we rea- h- d "iir coimtrv I mu-t j>ut line clot In* RK.MAUKABLE SALUTATION. 437 The chiefs in this section were found to l>e much respected by their subjects, though they do not enforce their obedience a.s positively perhaps its would accord with our ideas of govern- ment. Livingstone witnessed a specimen of litigation in which the parties argued their case before Moamha. Hi.- Majesty oecupie' mareh, though formerly I was always first, anemba or ground-nuts, rarely a fowl." This village, like them all, was surrounded hv a stroii" * stockade, and on the hank- of a stream. The chiefs were generally anxious that he -lunild come into their villages and iM-cnpy a hnt ; but this wa- found exceedingly unpleasant ; within tin- -tiH-kadc the people seemed to think the stranger on their ground, ami considered themselves at liU-rtv to l>e rather over-familiar; they \\-onld croud about the door of his hut and it was ab-olntely impossible to have a moment of ijuiet or privacv. I><-side- thi- impudence, these huts were frequent Iv the abode of certain detcstal)le creature- who never vacate fur a visitor, but s.'i/e the occasion of hi- pre;i nature, \\hile the lobe- of i-t'-nded bv a j>ie<-e of v, . . id ornamented with - o' b ad- \\r|-.- -!i'. tdn-d acf..-> the f .rdiead iij l!i" hair. Living-turn- did not pan-e I.IM^ to enjoy taliry or -rudy tin- di-tinctioii- of tlp-c trib.-- ; he \\a- >!!;, rind ;.r.---d on !-r t!i" villa-.- of Ka-on-o and the Lake L''-t!iba. } wa-. i-vidi-nf that he \\a- on th*- \\at' f-h'd, but th" -tr--am- ^ ' i mi- I to ! running evi-ry wav, and t!i" nati\'e- were uvejly ign-irar.t '' : ! L'.'. ijraphv of th-' c.iiintrv. In oth'-r time-, '.\!HM til- ' -d ".:>.- bounding fr<ueii?v%ifin, \\ it h th' ir innumer- A MIDNIGHT KN< Or.NTER. 4'.>,\) able streams, where splendid trees were waving their Ixmghs above the elegant green sward; but lit 1 was parched with liver and eouhl only drag himself along. It is worth remembering, however, that he notiecd that nearly all the valleys he en^.-ed inclined to the Ijoi'u, whieh receives their tributaries Ibr the lake. On the 2()th of March he entered the village of Ka.-on.so, situated in a lovely valley at the confluence of two streams. This chief received him very cordially, and stood a long while shaking his hand. Kasonso gave him a grand reception, but another experience which made perhaps a more lasting reception awaited him in the hut where he sought repose. The reader has not forgotten thea/i/4 which assaulted the doctor in Angola: he may imagine the consternation when about midnight he was aroused bv the unconscionable ravages of their counterparts here in the town of Kasonso. The sufferer, who ought to l>e competent to tell the story, declares it impossible to describe the attack. lie wakened covered with them ; his hair was full of them ; one by one thev cut into the hY.-h, and the more thev were disturbed the more vicious became their biting; he tied from the hut, but in vain : thev were everywhere, they had him from head to foot, and were resolved on taking their own time. Near the lake there was found large cotton-bushes of the South American kind. The people were clothed in skins of gouts and wild animals, but the patterns were more scant, if possible, than in other sections ; the kilts of the women were especially diminutive. At least one object of his desire was now about attained: "On the morning of the 1st of April," >avs he, " we went along a low ridge of hills at its lowe.-t part, and soon after pushing the summit the blue water loomed through the trees. I was detained, but soon heard the boys tiring their mu-kets on reaching the edge of the ridge, which allowed an undisturbed view." At last he had readied the southeastern end of Liembu, or Tanganyika. Thev had still to descend two thousand tiet before reaching the level of the lake. It seemed to l>e about eighteen or twenty miles broad, and we could -ee about thirtv mile- up to the north. Four considerable rivers How into the space b.-: on- us. The nearly perpendicular ridge of about two thoii.-und teet 440 LAKK UKMIIA. extends with break-* all around, and there, embosomed in tree- covered rocks, iv|x>se> tile lake jH-aeefully in the huge cup-:?ha|>ed cavity. '' I never .-aw," continues the great traveller, who had looked on .-o many lovely .-eenes, "anything so still aiul jK-aceful as it lies all the morning. Alxuit noon a gentle breeze springs up, and ui Uses the waves to assume a blui.-h tinge. S'Veral rocky islands ri.-e in the eastern end, which are inhabited bv li.-her- men, who capture abundance of line large lish, of which thev enumerate about twenty-four spix-ies. In the north it .-ecms to narrow into a gateway, but the people are mi.-erably deficient in geographical knowledge, and can tell us nothing about it. 'J'hi-y .-u.-pect u-, and we cannot get information, or indeed much of anything el.-c. I feel deeply thankful at having got .-o far. I am exit-lively weak cannot walk without tottering, and have con-tant -inging in the head, but the Highe.-t will leail me farther.'' And after being two week.- bv it he writes again : ' '1 hi.- lake still appears as one of surp;iing loveliness. Its peaeefulne>s i> remarkaule, though at time- it is -aid to be la-hed up by -torm.-. It lie- in a deep basin who.-e .-ide- are luailv perpendicular, but covered well with tree- ; tin- rocks which appear an- bright red argillaceous ,-ehi-t ; thr tree- at present ail given: down -oine oi thoe rock.- come beautiful cascades, and bufValoes, elephants, and antelopes wander and gra/.e on the more level .-pot.-, while lions roar by night. The level place below is not two mile* from the perpendicular." Si<-k a.- he ua- he could not be .-ati.-lied with onlv the general knowledge, a- we sn- bv the following, extracted al-o from his " L.t-t .Journal : '' " Latitude of the -JMI( we toiiche1"S., long. .'Jl ' . r ,7" ; but I "iilv workeea over two thou-aiid eight hundntl !!!, !iy l.oihn^-poiiit tin rmonieter- and barometer." It limy !. notieeil that the figure- of I >r. Livingstone diller Wltii th"-' of Speke, \\lio lua.le tlli- lake eighlerli Illlllilred feet .i!.o\- th- I'-ve! ,,!' ihc -ea. The dK'tor explained to Mr. Stanley that IK wa- -ati-fied that Sjteke wrote eighteen liuiitlnil onlv !>y mi-take tiu-i!_'li the habit of putting A. \>. 1 M M i. He made \amniat , km >:\ in_' Speke'- ob-ervation, anv real west coast palm-oil trees, requiring two men to carrv a bunch of ripe fruit. Notwithstanding great weakness, the unyielding man spent the time as diligently as possibU; exam- ining the region. The people called themselves Balungu, but they had not the bold independent bearing of those of that name among whom Livingstone had so latelv passed. And their numbers had been sadly reduced by the Ma/.itu, who are constantly carrying oil' their women and children. They seem themselves, too, to have caught the slaving spirit, and to have come to admire their destroyers. That is surelv the deepest de-- gradation, the most absolute and irredeemable slavery, out of which a man gazes with admiration on the power which op- presses him, and wears with pride the chain which binds him. God save a fallen people from the grace of a contentment which dispenses with hope; from a submission which kisses the yoke, while it forgets the galling. "As a people," says Livingstone, " they are all excessively polite. The clapping of hands on meeting is something excessive, and then the string of saluta- tions that accompany it would please the most fastidious French- man. It implies real politeness, for in marching with them thev alwavs remove branches out of the path, and indicate stones or stumps in it carefully to a stranger, yet we cannot pre- vail on them to lend carriers to examine the lake, or to .-ell goats, of which, however, they have verv lew, and all on one island." It is mentioned that weeds were observed floating northwards on the lake. Mention is also made of various rivers, flowing northeast and northwest, entering the southern part of the lake. The Lonzua, the Kowe, the Kapala, the Lua/.e. and the Kalambwe, flow into it near the east end. and the Lovu, or Lofubu, or Lofu, from the south we.-t. The doctor ivu-\vn the steep mountain sides as he wandered about the shores of the lake; his journal for these days supplies little mure than the names of the villages which he passed. |.J2 THE SKY DAKKENS. He (lid not attempt to explore this region very extensively at this time, knowing that he would, if spared to reach I'jiji. IK; again <>n it- shores, and indeed on its In-autiful surfatv. He was suflering very severely all the time; twif insensibility, in which he wa- en- tirely helpless. < );i one of the-e occa-ion- he savs : " I found myself floundering outside my hut and unable to get in; I tried to lift my-elf from my back by laying hold of two po-t- at the entrance, but when I got nearly upright I let them ero. He had come to this village particularly hccati-e it \\a- at pp -cut the head-Ojiiarter- of a lar_ r c part v of Arab.-. \\ho In- had heard were in a di-pnte with the powerful chief ruling the wide e\pan-e of country which mn-t !* cp--.-d between the Lake- Li- inlia and M"epi. The n<-w< of tin- diilicultv had weighed con-iderably to check hi- advance- down the Ljr-tnha, for it would certainly have been exceedingly un-afe lor him to have attempted a pa--a^e tliroiigh the territory of N-ama under the eip-iim-taiiee-. The rumor \\a-, that N-ama'- ->n \\a- killing all the Arab- he could find, in n \eii_'e \\,\- -onie wron-j that had be.n done to hi- father'- people bv them. The Arab- were found occupying an important portion of the -tockade.l \il!aL r(1 , and \\heu I >r. Li\ iii'_ r -'' "ie arri\id he \\a- j^di'elv -lioun to a 'ar-je -hed where tln\- wcp- in the habit of m-etiiiL.'. The principal man of tin partv \\a- llanne- \\'o,|im Tajli. lie \va- aei-oinpailied bv Syclebili Alleltlli Man-up-. Til- . U I'e eoliU'cteil \\illl one of the Ill'i-t illtl lie! it Kll native |lieP"Hltl!< holl-> III X.ali/lbar. \\ iii n tie- doctor had explained u hence he had ci .rue he -bowed t lie ]I-:T. r '\ ! i I'ii had be. n fnrni-hed him \>\ t In- -u : tan at /.an/i- I iar. I Ie '.'. i- ! ; ate-l V, l! li ^1 ea' kind lie--. Halliee-. pfe-i llteil a -i,.!? and a ijUantif. ' fl'iiir, and -in h other cotnm. >dit ie- a- lie --eil, but ;! a- ne\t to impo--ible to -.t at the tniiii about GOOD PICK I NO. 413 the difficulty. There were various versions of the matter, but one tiling was certain : there had been a disturbance at the vil- lage of Nsama, between the people of that chief and the Arabs, and several on each side had been killed, and all was now eon- fusion. Xsama had fled from his village, leaving the Arabs in possession, and they had been plundering and burning all the sur- rounding villages, while Chitimba had sent for the party quar- tered here to come to him. An hour or two after Livingstone and his party arrived at the village a body of men arrived from Kasonso, with the intention of proceeding into the country of Xsama, if possible to take that chief prisoner on the charge that he " had broken the public law bv attacking people who brought merchandise into the country," a remark which hints of something that seems like international law among these barbarous tribes. It was elear that there could l>e nothing else but a long delay now. Four weary months he lay here waiting on the tedious negotiations betweon these two parties, which was a most remarkable succession of delays, almost every day seeming to promise an immediate settlement. But the great difficulty was the want of faith in Xsama, who it was believed talked peace- ably only to gain time and get advantage of his adversaries. lie had been the Napoleon of the country, and had held his neighbor chieftains in fear. They now seemed glad to take ad- vantage of his overthrow, or discomfiture, to ravage his borders, and the Arabs too were not over anxious to give up immedi- ately such good picking as his land afforded. So it is not im- probable that while Nsama's warlike propensities were in the way of peace, the plundering propensities of his enemies aided in keeping up the disturbance. Meantime Dr. Livingstone was satisfied that it was decidedly best for him to wait, rather than either give up seeing Lake Moero, or run such serious risk as it must have been to attempt to go there under the circumstances. The village of Chitimba is one of a number of prominent villages, whose chiefs divide the dominion of the district known among the Arabs as t'rungn, this being the name ^iven to the region surrounding Lake Liemba, or the foot of Lake Tanganyika. The whole region is mountainous, and many exceeding! v tortuous rivers water its beautiful vallcv, most 441 THE BAULUXGC. of them finding their way ultimately into the lake. The calculations of Dr. Livingstone fixed the village in long. 30 1'J' K., la'. ean.s, and thev have (vrtainly as little of the ' lark-heel ' as the white-;. One or two of the under front teeth are generally knocked out in women, and aUo in itu-n. " ( 'lo-e observation of them makes me believe them to \>c cx- tremelv polite. The mo ! of .-alutation among relatives is to place the hands round each other's eliest.s kneeling ; they then clap their hands clo>e to the ground. Some more abject indi- vidual- kiss the .-oil before a chief; the generality kneel only, with the tore-arm- elo-e to the ground, and the head bowed down to them, saying, '() Ajadla chin-a, Mari a buino.' The J'-anga -ay, 'Aje .-enga.' The clapping of hand.- to .-uperior.-, :.nd even equals, is in ,-oine village- a perpetnallv recurring sound. Aged persons are usually saluted. How this extreme deference to eaeh other could have ari-en, I cannot conceive : it doe- not seem to be lear ot each other that elicits it. Kven the chief- in-pire no lear, and tho~c cruel old platitude- about ii"V- ernin^ -avage- by tear .-eein unknown, yet governed tlu-v Certainlv are, and upon the whole verv well. " The o\\ -iiers of hut- lend them willinglv to strangers, and have a ijreat deal of toil in con-i 'jiicnce ; thev have to clean them after the vi-itor- have withdrawn ; then, in addition to till-, t'> eleail tlielll-elve-, all -oiled I v the dll-t left li\' the lodg- er- ; their b'xlies and clothe- have to be clean-i| atier\\anl- ; tli- v adl \'\ t'Mi in all ca-e- ot' aci|n:iintancohi]>, and then \\e have to remember the lalor of preparing thai \'<\. Mv i'e- mainiii_ r h'-iv enable- me to ob-erve that both men and \\omen afe in almo-t con-tant employment. '|'||,. n\,-\\ are making mat-, or weaving, or spinning; no one .-mild \\itin-- tii< :r a--idtiit\ in their little all'air- and ei,nelij.|e tint tl:e\ \\e]e a l.l/V pe..[.!e. 1 he only idle tlllie I ob-erVe ll'-|e i- in )!|e lll'.III- i.ij;- aln.nt -e\ en . I'cl.iek, \\lien all ei.m.- and -it f.. eat.-li the tir-i r .-. - o| the -un a- lie come- nver IMII- clump ot' tree-, but an i > >\ <\ t nn ;t \ ]i M' -i I'iii .'in ' THE CUPPING IHWN. 44,'j "The people serin to have no family names. A man takes the name of his mother, or .should his father die he may assume that. Marriage is forbidden to the first, second, and third decrees; they call first and second cousins brothers and sisters." Among the customs which approach nearest the arts of eivil- i/.ed life the doctor mentions the cujijriny of the temples for pore eyes. Having no such appliances as \ve consider almo-t essential, and untaught as thev are in the philosophical princi- ples underlying it, these; rude people have been aided bv their remarkable ingenuity in devising the practical counterpart of our more elegant cups. In their process "a goat's horn is u.-ed \vith a small hole in the j win ted end ; the base; is applied to the part from which the blood is to be drawn, and the operator, with a small piece of chewed India-rubber in his mouth, ex- hausts the air, and at the proper moment plasters the hole up with his tongue. When the cupping horn is removed, some cuts are made with a small knife and it is a^ain applied." It may seem a rough appliance, as indeed it is, but it serves the purpose and is in great repute all through the country. Like everything else in the country, however, this has its attending superstition; a mother who thus extracts the blood from her child may be seen immediately sprinkling those precious drop-, as a charm, over the roof of her hut. ('harms were in universal use, over doors and gateways, everywhere that thev cii!u be- thought of. I>ut, although Livingstone was a man who could find some- thing of interest in almost everything and everybody, the time hung very heavily em his hands. lie lost no opportunitv to seek information about the surrounding e-ountry from Arab.- and natives, but thev could give but little' satisfaction ; thev were* too ignorant to eveMi notice' more than ioree'tl it-elf on their observation bv the 1 difficulties or convenience of travelling. The intercourse of the 1 Arabs, who were themselves blacks, was that e)f equals with the natives ; they bought and sold and married, came and went, formed alliances or niaele war.-, ju.-t like 1 tin 1 heathe'ii then- were with. Hut they \ven- re.-peeivd beranse the'y brought goods and e'arrie-d guns. And .-<> tar it. was a tiling to be glael of. that Livingstone had their protee-tiei uneler the circumstances; anel thev were in e-onstant intercom's" 445 TOWN LIFE. \vith /lan/ahar, and furni.-hed the means of sending out letters; hnt th'-v were no -ocietv for I >r. Living-tone. The coimtrv, though Ix-antifnl, presented few features of fiiiii'-iciii inteiv-t to engage one .-o long a time. In connection with tin- ti-diou-iic nt' this ddav, the din-tor j-avs : "There i- nothing interesting in a heathen town. All are lm.-v in preparing food or clothing, mat- or Ir.u-kct-, whilst the women are cleaning or grinding their corn, which involves milch hard lalior. Thev tir-t drv this in the -tin, then pnt it into a mortar, and afterwards with a flat Inu-ket clean oil' the husks and the dn-t, and urind it In-tween two -tones ; the next thin^ i- to lirii:j wood and water to cook it. NOW and then a little relief wa- afforded !iv -onic occurrence a little out of the ordinary. The weather was ipiite cool part of the while, although the hot .-ea-on, which conic- earlier than in the more southern ci.niitrv l>v - >m ( month-, \\ a- In-ginning in May, and the people frei jiieiit ly -it tire to their frail hut- liv t he (-.irdess n-e of that daiiL'eron- a^cnt. ( >n one o<-c:i-ion the chief was aroii-ed and threatened t Inirn hi- o\\ n hotj-e and all hi- prop- ertV l>ccall-e the pcojile Mole lVo||J it, lillt lie did Hot proceed -, , far: it ua- prohahlv a \\av of letting the A rah dependent.- know that he u a- aroii-cd." Tin- leading f'-at:;re of the place wa- the slave-trading, as it i- wherever ihe-e Ai'.i'o- have jicnetratcd. < )f this trade, ;us c\;-i;n_ r ln-re, the do. tor -a\-: " >!ave- arc -old hep- in tie- -aim- op. n wav that the hn-iness is carried on in Xan/.ihar slave-market. A man coc- aKoiit c.ill.n_ r "Ut the price he \\anl- for the -lave, who walk- hehind him ; if a \\oinan. -he i- taken into a hut to lie examined in a -la'e of Mild.! v. " Slaverv i- a u r ''" ( at '-\il wherever I have -ecu it. A poor oM oinan and eh: !! ai anioiij ! In- c::p' i YC-. The IHI\ , almllt tii!e \car- "id, --i-m- a mother'- p--t. Hi- !! an- -ore tVom \\alkin_' in tin- -nn. !! v. a- o!l'e|-ed f-r I 'A o lathoin-, and h;- i.ji.tii- r l-r one f.iihom ; h-- nndcr-lood it all. and cried I. ill- rly, eiinjiitj t" hi- i:i"th' r. >!.e had. ")' , ,,ui'- , no |>ou.-r to help him ; t!i- \\i-r'- -'-paratcd :it karnnjii afterward-. Tin- :t ''.-.-,, ," u riti - the i . i;,. r of' t he " I .a-t .loiirnal-," \\ ho \ .. : in n ; tar \\ ;' h ' h' e. iiint r\ . " i- an epi-mle of eVerv-dav i K-clir- I.JTTU: WONDKUS. 417 re nee. in the wake (f tin- slave-dealer. 'Two fathom-,' men- tioned as tin; price of tin- Itoy's lili- tin- more valuable of tin- two moans four yards of unbleached calico, which i.- a iiiiiv.-r.sal article of barter throughout the greater part of Africa: the mother was bought for two yards. The reader mii-t not think that there are no lower prices; in the famines which -nceeed the slave-dealer's raids, boys and girls are at times to be pureha.-ed by the dealer for a few handfuls of mai/.e." The large animals, which have become familiar objects to the reader who has, followed us along the track of this wonderful traveller, abounded in the region. J>nt among the more insig- nificant creatures some curiosities are mentioned. Indei-d it is one of the pleasant things of our experience, in examining care- fully the vast amount of material which has at one time and another been given to the world by Dr. Livingstone, that we are led into the obscurities of unconspieiiou.s nature, the little things, which we might pass over had we a guide lc-.- thought- ful and intelligent. It is in the tiny existences of earth that the finest touches of Divine wisdom are displayed. Out of inex- haustible resources the Infinite Creator, who -cts our skv with worlds like jewels, affords to fill also the hidden place- with works of marvellous beauty and interest. Livingstone honored God by an unwearying curiosity : the birds and flowers, the earth and rocks, all had attraction for him. Hut the special objects mentioned here may hardly seem to justify enthusi- asm ; however, commonplace as they mav .-ecin, hi- note- serve to illustrate one important and honorable feature of the charac- ter of this great man the careful ni-ss of his observations. "A large spider makes a nest inside the huts. It con-i.-ts of a piece of pure white paper, an inch and a half broad, Muck flat on the wall ; under this some fortv or fiftv egg- are placed, and then a quarter of an inch of thinner paper is put numd it, apparently to fasten the first firmlv. ^'lien making the paper the spider moves itself over the surface in wavv lines ; .-he then sits on it with her eight legs spread over all for three weeks continuously, catching and eating anv insects, as cockroaches, that come near her nest. After three weeks -he leave- it to hunt for food, but always returns at night : the native 1 .- do not molest it. 44n till thr fly is tired out ; at first the fly can move alxut on the wing without ineonvenienee, but it is at j:ust obliged to -titvumb to an enemy very much smaller than itself. 1> A .-JHVICS of Touraeo, new to me, has a broad yellow ma>k on the tip[M-r part of the bill and forehead ; the topknot is pur- ple, the wings the same as in other species, but the red is roseate. The yellow of the mask plates is conspicuous at a distance." At la.-t, after so long a time, and more Iving anil plundering on both side< than we could rcnmnt in a volume, afl'airs were brought to something like a settlement between Xsama and I lamer-, and N>ama promised to seal the covenant of peaee bv giving anv with the Arab-. The country i- de-crilx-d as onso, ( 'hitimba, and I'ron^- we, were all I "ran^ai, and <-t to Hara, a district of Itawa, whose .-tiM-kudcd village had bei-n destroyed bv the Arab- during the " late ii!i|!ca-antne>- " of which we have told vth of S*'ptemlx-r, 1^'iT. " ( )bedient ') the custom- of the conntrv," say- the doctor, " we waiter ho v,:;-. until lat( !y supjKi-4fl t-> In' invincible. He (ill In-fore twenty mti-ki-t-, and tin- has caii-eil a panic throughout the i I'Mnt r\. ' It wa- di-ti-'--inu' indeed to se- so fine a di-triet almo-t abandoned by it- occupant-. The strife had Ineii -hort. and i.;i!y a " little 'jiiarr 1." a- uc, \\ ho are :v |iiainte(l with <'iri/i^> back to Chitimba to protect his people and propertv there, when, inueh to the gratification of all hands on the 1 ith of September, the promised daughter of Xsama made her appearance, in splendid stvle, the most approved fashion of this country, " riding picka- 4'>0 A WIFK THROWS IX. pack on a man's shoulders ;" :infkct with some provisions, as cassava, ground-nuts, tfcc. The A rain were all dress, in fantastic dress***, flourished swords, fired gun-, and veiled. When .-he was drought to Ilamees' lint she de- s^-ndt-d, and with her maid- \\vnt into the hnt. She and her attendants had all -mall, neat feature-. The doctor had Ut-n sitting with Hamees, and now ro-e np and went awav. As the doctor p:i--"d him, he -puke thu- to him-elf: " MameiN Wadim Ta^h ! -e- to what von have liron^ht vonr-clf ! ! " In thi- mnmvtion we mav :ull that N-ama's people art 1 re- ported to have small well-ehi-elled feature-, and manv are reallv handsome-, and have tiothini; of the we-t coa-t ne-jro ahoiit them, luit thev tile th-'ir te^th to -harp point-, and irn-atlv di-ti^ure their mouth*. Tho only ililTeremt- ln-tween them and K'ii'"peaii- i- the color. Manv of the men have verv tinelv- f irni'-'l h-ad-. and -o have the women ; and the fa-hion of wear- ing flic hair -'- oV thi-ir toreh-ad- to advantage. The ton-head i- -liav-'d oil' to the erovvn, the -paee narrowing a- it tjoes up; th''!i tli" liaek hair i- arranged into knol>- of aiioiit ten rows. Tip v are .juit' 1 intelligent and evinee considenihle quieknes^ of jM-recptiitn, and it wa- not dilli'-nlt to understand the po-ition win- !i th'-v had '_ r auieil among tin- trilx-, when (olenililv familiar ui'h their characters. Thev ar' rather apt stiid^nt- of human nature, and parti'-ularlv quick to det<->-t th- p--nliarities of a in 1:1 : t!ii- wa- il'u-trat'-d l>v tlfir hal'it ' iv. I : !',r in-tatiee, th. \- ,-a!!.-l Ham id liin Mohamad " Tipo Tipo." -\lii-h ni'-an- " Lrath'T to.;. ! In r of v.ealth." h- liein-j the eh 1 .' I a<-'or 1:1 the -iMidin ' of the eountrv ; and another who will I fiL'Ui' h'T'-aft' r a- ' on- pi. MMM- in the "laving Ini-iii"-- \\a- ril!- 1 " K'ltii'rt Kuml.a." a e. ,l!.-e!or of' p-op!r. |',ut intelligent ;;:i'! lira',-- a- th-v mi-jhl !>, th> v had heeoine thurollghlv afraid of /MM-. A LKS.SON IN CHARITY. 4 ",3 Jt was exceedingly trying on many accounts to be obliged to ktrp the company of the Arabs, hut particularly on account of the verv dilatory movements of their party ; hut there wa- noth- ing rise to he done. Xsama could not he depended on, and tbe little party of Dr. Livingstone, small as it had Ix'come, was le>- and less to he trusted. Another of his men had abandoned him on tin 1 horders of Itawa, the very scamp who had been the cau-c of his misfortune in being robbed of his medicine-box. He felt almost a'one, and could not iiiil to appreciate the providence which had raised him up an escort of the very men whose trade was mo.-t contrary to his views. I'ossiblv the kindness which was shown him by these dealers in slaves was intended, bv the great Ruler of all, to correct any growing bitterness against the slave-owner, while he might detest slave-owning. It is, we know, one of the mo>t lamentable weaknesses of human nature, that we cannot recognize, as we should, the different education- of men, or make allowance fullv for the differences of judgment. We are, perhaps, more forward than we should be, to make our opinions of right the absolute touch-stone of human virtue. Jt is thus that we become the persecutors of men when we .-lioiild be the advocates of doctrine. It is not to be desired that a man should surrender his ideas of right, because of other good he may find in those who differ with him on some great question ; but it is well if he comes to distinguish between hone.-t differ- ence of opinion and personal meanness, and learns to respect a man though he mav hate a sentiment. The question of' human slavery has been prominent among the vital i.-sues of cent uric.-. In our own country it has been a very serious one. It is to be lamented that the antagonists in the great controversy have been so frequently unable to rise above personal bitterness in the dis- cussion. It ought not to be expected of' anv man to abandon his convictions of right or privilege at the bar of his neighbor'.-, judgment ; before a common Creator and Judge let everv man stand or tall. The j'< iff of property in man is now a thing of the past in our country, and the most x.ealous supporters of the |><>licv which has cancelled it, the most ardent advocates of human equality, ought to reflect whether they do not violate their own almost deified code when they visit ftill with their anathemas 27 4")4 DIFFKKKXT MOTIVES. who decline to confess themselves sinners above others bwause thev owned slaves. (lod grant that Americans may sjHfdily outgrow all remaining taint of tyranny which -hows it-df in hating a man IMM-UI-C of liis creed, and stand l>efore the world in fact, as thev do in name, a brotherlxxid on the matchless l>a.-i- of unfettered conscience, the kevstone of the -Trnctnrc which -hel ers them. \\ lien at la.-t the way \v:i> ojx-n, whatever mav have been his moralizing, I>r. Livingstone was full of jov. He >et ont attrndeil liv the whole partv of Arabs they with hearts -et or) the ivory and slave.- in which thcv saw their longed-fnr wealth and self-indnlo manv cc'itnrics. to -tile, if po--il)le, (jne^tion- of \'a-t inijxirtance to the continent, t-i mark out a path fur civilization, to set up the standard of ( 'hri-t in the centre of that nio-t neer eilm-ution explain it? \\ a- there not a dee j XT difference than can !> toinid in complexion, or made l.\- tcach- i:i_"? ('an it IM- explaitied cxcejit li\- the religion oi' ,!e-.ii~? The lon'_' line went \sindi ir^ awav from the village o!' N-ama, fir-t northward, cro-^in^ -evcral riil'je- and va!!ev-. !..-.iin^ the ('hi-craand the Kamo-cnpi river*, to tin- viMaire o!' Kartuipi, where tliev arrived -.,.], ad-- at f.r-t, 1-nt during tlie time the Aral'- --lit f-'f\ard t" trv and c.:ic;!ia'i! other dncl- he TIPO Tiro. 4:-^ gradually l>eoamo more friendly. II' had little ivory to sell, and of those, who had, Mteto or Mtema sot-mod inclined to treat the messengers roughly. Men were aNo sent to N.sima, u.-king him to trv and induct,' Mtema and Chikongo to be friendly and sell ivorv and provisions, but he replied that the.-c chief- were not men under him, and if they thought themselves .-trong enough to contend against gnus he had nothing to sav to them. Other chiefs threatened to run away as soon a.- they -aw the. Anihs approaching. These were assured that we meant to pa.*-* through the count rv alone, and il' thev gave ns guido to -how us how, we should avoid the villages altogether, and proceed to the countries where ivorv was to he bought ; however, the panic was too great, no one would agree to our overtures, and at last when we did proceed a chief on the river Choma ful- filled his threat and left us three emptv villages. There wen- no people to sell, though the granaries were crammed, and it was impossible to prevent the slaves from stealing. "When Chikongo heard Tipo Tipo's message about buying ivory, he said : 'And when did Tipo Tipo place ivory in my country that he comes seeking it?' Yet he sent a tusk and said, 'That is all I have, and lie is not to come here.'" "Their hostile actions," writes the doctor, "are caused principally bv fear. ' If Xsama could not stand before the Maiongwana or traders, how can we face them?' I wished to go on to Moero, but all declare that our ten guns would put all the villages to flight: thev are terror-struck. First rains of this sea.-on on the 5th.'' Nearlv the whole of October was lo.-t hen.-, while the Arabs were trving to drive their trades with the chiefs of the neigh- borhood. There was very little to encourage them to continue their journey to the Lake Moero, as all the chiefs seemed de- termined to sell nothing. And it seemed not improbable that I>r. Livingstone would, after all his waiting, be left to continue his journev alone. And under ordinary circumstances there is not much uncertainty whether he would not have gone on much more rapidly. The.-e Arab trader.- were themselves tpiite as much a curio-itv as the natives; thev seemed tremendously religious in their way. They con-tilted the Koran for every- thing, and depend on all sorts of conjuring. Their wedding and funeral occasions were ju-t such as might be r-ceii in any of 4,~G KMKAN I>K< IDKS ALL. the village--, except that the Koran figured in tin-in. H.^t \ven- ^ivutlv jH-rjilrxed l>v tin- j'iv which their frllow-tnivt'liiT had in tin- tli-.ith of .Ie-u-. Tin v knew of .Jc-u-, hut -aid In- had foretold Mohammed, that In- did not die him-elf, hut another died in hi- j>hnv. It \va- tvrtaiuly to IK- lamented that tin.' nann- nf religion -hould find it- l'"ivnn>-t ivpivsriitativrs in (In 1 hf-art f Africa in -ii'-h nn-n. Yet MI it wa-. Livin_r-tone wa* tin- fir-t white man who traver-ed t!n-t- sccludti] n'^nm^. Tin- im-vitahl'- Koran finally decided that the party -hoi. Id mve (.n \ve-t\vard. Afnliliiilv thev .-< t out alon^ tin- hrol;.-n ciuintrv which divide- Itaua Iroin Lojiei-c. ( )n the 'Jsth tin v ero---d tin- ('hoina at the village ('hiftipa, and noticed that it tl'-\\-d -"Utir.vot to j..'ni tin- ( 'hi-era, and with that into the Kaloii^o-i, one nt' th.- tri!)iitarie-, a- \\ill l>e -em, i' I^ik- M.-I-O. ( )n tlii- in.U'-h Living-tone in-tirrd twoti^lv itn: 4 je-i in hut- hnilt i'>r them; tln-v n-pn^rutnl in a jioor wav tin- |>e,ij,!r i if tli.- i-MUMtrv, and \\'ei-e ii-'.-:. Dut we t'eel a--ure-l that (In- reader will not fc.-l that t-n. mueii time i- -pent liv (In- \\av i! we |ire-ent him with a fe-.v pa_" - ju-t a- (ln-v e..nn fro;n the hand of the man while in the in:-!- 1 (' tin -e far-.(V --em - : " \\ e an- -till j. .jn_r \\ ,-t '.sai'd," he \\rite-, ' and in an open vall'V feinarkali!" 1 lor the numher- of a -mall enplmrhia, \\hieh \\e -ma-ln-d at \ , TV -lep. (' r ,,--,d a -mall lm( -tron^ rivnlel, the I.ipand'-, L r "in-jj -outh\\e-t to M. ;..; then, an li..ur ail' r-,\ ard-, cj-i ,--. d if a jam, m '\v t \\ n! \~ \ ard- \\ n !c ai.d km - d > j i. A i'ier d ending tV> >m (In- tre-envi-ri-d hill u hidi di\ id < l..j..i:i'|e iVom l.uao, we i-mrd t!ie latter t" -1< \> on it- \\ , -tern 8SEEKS I'KEVAII.. 157 employers, adds life to the scene; they are in three bodic-, and number four hundred and fifty in all. Kach party ha.- a guide with a flag, and when that is planted, all that eoinpanv .-top- till it is lifted, and a drum is beaten, and a kudu'.- horn sounded. One partv is headed bv about a do/en fc-aders, dressed \vit(i lan- tastie head-near of feathers and bead.-, red cluth on the bodies, and skins eut into strips and twisted : they take their place.- in line, the drum beats, the horn sound.- har-hlv, and all fall in. These sounds seem to awaken a sort of <'Xj>rit d( corp* in those who have once been slaves. Mv attendants now jumped up, and would seareely allow me time to dre-s when thev heard Un- sound.- of their childhood, and all dav thev were among t he fore- most. One said to me 'that his feet were rotten with marching,' and this though told that they were not called on to race along like slaves. ''The Africans cannot stand sneers. When anv mishap occurs in the march (as when a branch tilts a load oil' a man's shoulder) all who see it set up a yell of derision ; if anything i.- accidcn tally spilled, or if one is tired and sits down, the -am;' yell greets him, and all are excited therebv to exert themselves. Thev hasten on with their loads, and hurrv with the .-heds thev build ; the masters only bring up the rear, helping any one who may be sick. The distances travelled were quite as much a.- the masters or we could bear. Had frequent halts been madi as, for instance, a half or a quarter of an hour at the end of every hour or two but little distress would have beer, felt ; but live hours at a stretch is more than man can bear in a hot climate. The female slaves held on bravelv ; nearlv all carried loads on their head.-: the head, or ladv of the party, who is al-o the wile of the Arab, was the onlv exception. She had a tine white shawl, with ornament.- of gold and silver on her head. The-e ladies had a jaunty walk, and never gave in on the longest march ; manv pounds' weight of line copper leglets above the ankles seemed onlv to help the .-wav of their walk ; as -oon a- thev arrive at the sleeping-place thev begin to cook, and in this art thev show a good deal of expertnes-, making -avorv di-he- for their ma.-ters out of wild fruits and other not vcrv likelv materials. "The splendid ranges of hills retire as we advance: the 458 l.AKK MOERO. Hil is vt-rv rich. At t<\o vi!!a_" - th<- p<'|i!e did n.it want a-, .s. we went on and ea.-aaip.-d n- :tr :i third, Kabwakwa, where a -on of Mohamad lin >ah li. \\ ith a num'iHT of \Vanyamwe-i, live-. The chief of thi- part i.- Mualni, but we did not -ee him: the p.t>;>le brought plenty >f !'. d tor u> to buy. Tin- youth's latiicr i- at ( 'ax-mi* 1 '.-. Th i irUMtry-jKiplo \v-iv vt-rv much tlivt-ii to fal-M i hoion.- ot all -ort> chcup and plmtv. ( )ur h-a N'oiin^ man rather, aii'l In- ni~t L. r(| ii'L: farther. Una roimtrv was a month di-:aiit, hr >uiil, ami hut litt!- ivory there. It i- hut three emlx''s (r her.- in Uuire, or Kahuire.' He \\a- ri-^ht :'.- ( Ca>einl> % . I.'-i- ter-, ho\\-ever. cMtue tVoiu Haiii'i'-, \vith iie\vs of a tlepres>ing natui'--. ( 'hitimha U deatl, ami -o i- Mainhwe." The ne\v- of ( 'hitimha'- death, and that hi- pe.ij.le were fi^htin^ t'l'f the ehii -ftain-hip, :in- A rah- ; the prim-i- pal re-u!t.- <> Ti|M. t.. return and juin Haniee-. II. dn id- d ! remain in I'uiie onlv t.-n or twcntv ila\>, -end out |M-..|i!e (.. huv \\hat ivi'j-v thev e..ii!d. and retire. I >r. Living-torn- jiarted \MI h Tipo Tipo u the 7th November, in 'nipaiiv \\ith a pariv of lii- men \\lio wen- to vi-it ( 'a-emle fir ivorv. Tln-v pa--'-d a!'.n_r ;i |,,ve!v vallev llirmed hv the Kau"ina ran^e and an.ither in the di-taint- to t lit- iiorthwe-t. Tiii' val'ev 'A a- th "k!v -tuddeil n\er with \ ilhiT'"*, tli<- e.'inm"!) di-tanei' fr. mi \\>- t" anotln-r ii"t !> iiiu r m.'re than "ne hutidntl MI- !\\.i hundi - '-d \ard-. All "f th--.- \ il!a_'' - \\ . I e -IUT< iimd. d, 1:1, lli..-.- <.f I.-Mida ! I. nnda, h\- -had- tree-. < )u the sth tli.A earn,- t., Lake M... m, n.-'lin.' ijui'-tlv bet \\ei-ii an^-c ot' m-iuutaiii-, and .-lept in a li-henuau'*> hut. CHAPTER XX V. A MONTH WITH rASKMHK. Moero Hound for ('a-scmlx- Kulon^osi -Ahumlnnri? <>f Fish I>r. Liiccnla The liiiloiula Kiitcr Cji.-cmhr's Villain (irarioii-ly ILi-rriv.-.! Moli:tni;ul l> : n Salrh Nuics from Journal Xofu, Kind's Fool " < 'a.srmlii'," (ii-iirral Hi-, (.'harm-tor Customs Liunl Claims llaml-Shukinj;- I.I-UIT t<> I.onl <'lar--n- don I>c.MTi|>tivr Uc'stinn' Sick ne.-s - Leaves <'a.M-nil><- l!oiin deep enough, even now when the rainy season i- not commenced, t'> require canoes. It is said to rise in Kuinbi, or Alar, a country to the southeast of our lord. Fish in great numbers are caught when ascending to spawn: they are secured bv weirs, net-, hooks. Large strong baskets are placed in the rapids, and tilled with stones: when the water rises, these baskets are standing-places for the fishermen to angle or throw their nets. Having crossed the Kalongosi tliev were now in Lunda, or Londa. It was noticed that the Kalongosi went north till it met a largo meadow on the shores of Moero, and. turning westwards, it entered there. The fishermen gave the names of thirty-nine 4'iJ MOHAMAD HIN SALE1I. spci-ie* of fi>h in the lake; they said that they never ot-.ise a.n- eeiiding tin- Kalo:ig>si, though at times they are more abundant than at others : they are as follows: MI mile; Mota ; I~i>a; Ka.-jibo ; Mololx. 1 ; Ix>]xMiilK' ; Motoya ; ('hipansa; Mjiil'u ; Manda; Mpala; Moombn ; M f< n ; Mende; S>u-e ; Kadia nkololo ; Ktiaka ; Nkomo; Lifislia; Sambamkaka; Ntomlo ; Sam pa ; IJoiijjwe; Mabanjja ; Ki-e; Kuanya; Nku; Pair; MoMiiiiru ; Litembwa ; Meehebere ; Koninehia; Sipa ; Lornemlx 1 ; Molentra ; M ironic; Nfindo; Penile. iSut the point, perhaps, of mo-t interol in this inarch, \vas the ( 'hunpi, \vliose linail deep \\aters\\eiv found choked up \\itli trees and aquatic jilant^. Here the distinguished Dr. L:t''-rd:i di'-d ; he had penetrated a- far a< ( 'a>einl>e in his effort to otalli-h a route from the Portugtu^e jio,-e>-ion> on the east to Angola. I >[. Living-tone \\a> now not exadlv on familiar i:riund, but p-rhap- not verv nianv dav- travel from the old jiatli along which he led hU Makololo nianv vear- before. '1 he people of ' ' i- tiili'- are ]>alonda, with whom \\e beuune familiar in the arlii-r [.art of the book. Pro!itin<_ r bv the benevoh nt -UL r L r( -1 i ( n of a L'liide. \\lio had ln'i-n jiick-d up at Kit'urwa, I *r. Livingstone >cnt a |H'i>ent to appri-e ( 'a-emlx 1 of ln-< approach, and \\aited bv the ('huuiiu until the chief mijht send one nf' \\\~- counsellors to conduct ! h-m t> > hi- town. Tli- v i-niep-d on the 'Jl>t, and met there one Mohamad bin Sal- h, \\l\n \\;i- had li!-> re-idciice in the coinitrv durini; (he rei<_'ii of' four of the ("a-embe*. lie wa- a line porllv i>la<'k Ai'ali with pure white beard, and b\" hi- l"li ( _ r re*-Hleiiee had L r aiii'-d coii-iderablc influeiH'e amoii^ the I'alonda a.- al-o at Tan^anvika. Tin- man received the doctor mo-i '_ r ra< imi-lv, and t-'iid'i'd him a hut when- he miu'ht abide \\hile In.- own w a- l I ii'_' e|-( ('' d. Til' !' th'- doel.,1' made -ollle Iio(e~. \\hi''ll the reader Will \tf pl-a-'d f" ha\'e in In- own lairjua^e : "Aii \r:i!i trader. Mohamad lo_':inb, \\h" arrived -even days !!':' n- \\ith an !mm< -pi em I H (', 1 S'i'i : tln-y had c. ,11. e too. THE KINO S FOOL. 4(\] " Neither goats, sheep, nor cattle thrive here, HO the people an; routined to 1'mvl.s ;uid lish. Cassava is very extensively culti- vated: iii'lf o generally is this plant grown, that it is impo.-.-i-- l>le to know which is town and whieh is country : every hut has a plantation around it, in which is grown eaxsiva, IIolcus sorghum, mai/.c, beans, nuts. " Mohamad gives the same account of the lliver Luapula and Lake Ilcmba that .lumbe did, but he adds, that the Cham- be/e, where we crossed it, As the Luapula before it enters Hemba or Bangweolo: on coming out of that lake it turns round and comes away to the north, as Luapula, and, without touching the Mofwe, goes into Moero ; then, emerging thence at the northwest end it becomes Lualaba, goes into 'Rua, iiirms a lake there, and afterwards goes into another lake beyond Tanganyika. " 'J'he Lakelet Mofwe fills during the rains and spreads west- ward, much beyond its banks. Elephants wandering in its mud flats when covered are annually killed in numbers : if it were connected with the Lake Moero the Hood would run off. " Many of ("asembc's people appear with the ears cropped and hands lopped oil': the present chief has been often guilty of this barbaritv. One man has just come to us without cars or hands: he tries to excite our pity, making a chirruping noi.-e, bv strik- ing his cheeks with the stumps of his hands. " A dwarf al-o, one Xofu, with backbone broken, comes about u< : he talks with an air of authority, and is present at all pub- lic occurrences: the people seem to bear with him. He is a stranger from a tribe in the north, and works in his garden verv brisklv : his height is three feet nine inches." Casein be is rather a title than the name of an individual : it signifies general, and the queer-looking hard-hearted individual who wore that honor at the time of Dr. Livingstone's vi.-it did verv little credit to the predecessors, among whom niav bo classed the splendid-looking chief \\h<>~e portrait we are able to lav bell ire the reader. His people seemed to have caught sf his har-h temper : the doctor records that thev v. ere the nrtst sivaire >et that he had ,-ccn ; without the lea.-t justification thev would strike each other most angrily. Mohamad bin Saleh had a low opinion of hi- lordshi|i and 4(52 A LAND TITLE. had only lxt>n waiting l>r Livingstone, whom he luul heard wa- approaching, in order that tiny might go on together, a.s earlv a- mnvenient for the doctor, to t jiji. ( >nc imite interesting tart in conmrtion with tin's district, which came to the kin\\ ledge of I >i . Livingstone, is recorded witli eharacteri>tie minnvne--, a.- follows: "An old man nanii.il IVrctnU- i.- the owner of the land on which ('a-eml* 1 lia.- built. They alway- keep nj the tmdi- tional ownership. Munongo i- a l>ntht*r tit IVrvmlx 1 , anil he own- the countrv t-a.-t of thf Kalongtisi ; if anv oiu- wi.-hil to j>lv to thr-t- aboriginal chiefs i'or it. " ( >ld IVremlie i> a -ni-iliK- man: Mohamad thinks him one hundrc*! and liliv vcar- old. He is always on the side of liber- aiitv and l;iii'in>- ; he -;i\- that the tir-t ( 'a-emln 1 wa- nttrai'tetl to M->|\\e l.v the ahundanct- of ti.-h in it. He h;i- the uh-a of ull men liein^ derived from a -in^le j;iir. Here is another HI nilj whu - h t hi'o\\ - hglii on the fiistoms : "Set-in rain-. A nuinlK-r of tine voini^ girl- u ho li\i- in ( a~< -inlw'- compound came ami fhonk hand- in their wa\ , which i- to en.--; the ri'jht .>\er to \oiir left, and cla-j them; then g:\-e a few clap- with l>oth hand-, and reju-at tin- cro-.-ed ela-p : th--v \\ant to tell their children that they ha\ .-een me." iJut !i:ippil\ t'r the \\orld, \\hile -illin^ dou n in the (oun of ( 'a-emlie, I >r. Living-tnm 1 dn-\\ up a paper ;tddi -c- -ed to l.ord ( 'larend'-n. sslii'-li not onlv t'iirni-lu - a m-l \a!ual'le n'-nim : f th, e..iiiitrv :il"ii'4 \\hich \\ e h;i\e follouid him, hut t-inhract^ iiin-t in!' i '-[ iii_ r recital of incident* :it ('a-cndw- court, and ln.tiee of \..il>- Mo. ro. Th!- leti. -r diil m-t reach Lord ( 'lan-n- d.iii ; i.iit find- the lijht \\ In n tic- liniid- are hotll dead, and V, e e'|\e it ill fllll, at the fl-K of I', pi tllH'll. T. .\\ s n|' i \ -i MIII !" , //., , '.. . 1 --,7. I., i '.' ::7 1.. ' S , nl, . - 1 .1^1. "Tin I, 1 ! i. IN H'iMii: \ni i: IHI L\i:i. "i < i M:I.M-I\: \1 , |. (.!:!: 'I lie lir-t "ppoi'tnnitv I had of -i-ndin;- a leth-r t, , t in i . . : ! i in r> d iii 1 I 'i'iiar\ l.i-t . \\ h- n I u a- at a \ illa'_' i-iill.d M.-! !ii!n !at. In I 1 ' v : l"ii'_'. ". I !!' K. , in the cotir \rv 1,1 . ! L-.'tiiilia. I. "M-. i. I . ! i' nilia. I iim_'ii and Itaua- Luiid.i are th'- natii- - i.-, \- h,, h the .h-!r;.t- ..|' an li-\ated LI KM HA 8CEXEKV. -jr,3 between tho parallels 11 and 8 south, tmd meridian- 28-.'M long, east, arc known. The altitude of tlii.s upland i-> from four thousand to six thousand feet abo.'e the level of the sea. It is generally covered with fre>t, well watered by numerous rivulets, and comparatively cold. The soil is very lih, and vields abundantly wherever cultivated. This is the r.itershed between the Loangwa, a tributary of the Zamboi, ind several rivers which flow towards the north. Of the latter, ihe most remarkable is the ( 'hambe/e, lor it assist.-* in the Ibrma- tion ol' three lakes, and changes its name three times in the live W six hundred miles of its course. "On leaving Lobemba we entered Ulungu, and, as we pro- eeeded northwards, perceived by the barometers and the courses of numerous rivulets, that a decided slope lay in that direction. A friendly old l/lungu chief, named Kasonso, on hearing that I wished to visit Lake Liemba, which lies in his country, gave his son with a large escort to guide me thither; and on the I'd April last we reached the brim of the deep cup-like cavity in which the lake reposes. The descent is two thousand feet, and still the surface of the water is upwards of two thousand f:\v hundred feet above the level of the sea. The sides of the hol- low are verv steep, and sometimes the rocks run the- whole two thousand feet sheer down to the water. Nowhere is then- three miles of level land from the foot of the dills to the .-hore, but top, sides, and bottom are covered with well-grown wood and grass, except where the bare rocks protrude. The scenerv is extremely beautiful. The ' Aeasv,' a stream of fifteen yard- broad and thigh-deep, came down alongside our piecipitous path, and formed cascades bv leaping three hundred feet at a time. These, with the bright red of the day s<-hi.-t> among the greenwood-trees, made the dullest of mv attendants paii-e and remark with wonder. Antelopes, buffaloes, and elephants abound on the steep slopes ; and hippopotami, crocodiles, and fish swarm in the water. (Jims are here unknown, and the.-o animals mav live to old age it' not beguiled into pitfalls. The elephants sometimes eat the crop-; of the natives, and llap their big ears just outside the village stockades. One got out of our way on to a comparatively level spot, and then stood and roared at us. Elsewhere thev make dear off at si^ht of man. 4CA ABOUT THE LAKE. "The first village we came to on the bunks of the lake had a grove of palm-oil anil other trets around it. Tin* palm tree W:IM not the dwarf sjnrie- seen on I~ike Nva-.-a. A elu-ter i>f the fruit pas>ed the door of mv hut whieh required two men to e-.irrv it. The fruit .-eeined fjiiite as large :is tho-e on the \ve>t eoast. Mo-t of the native-; live on two island?, where thev ultivate the .-oil, rear goats, and eatdi fi-h. The lake i- not larg from fifteen to twenty mile- broad, and fp.m thirty to t'ortv long. It is the receptaele of four considerable .-tream-, and -ends out an arm two miles ln>ad to the N.N.W., it i- .-aid u Tanganyika, and it mav be a brain-h of that lake. ( )ne of the streams, the Ixmxua, tlrivts a smooth body of water into the lake fifty yards broad and ten fathom-; deep, bearing on its -urtaee duck-weed and gra--v i-Iand-. I cmild >< the mouths of other stntims, but L r "t near enough to measure the Lofu onlv ; and at a ford liftv miles from the eonllueiiee it wa-o;ie huniired vanl- wide and waist-deep in the dry >ea-<>n. " We remained -i\ weeks on the .-!in - <-f the lake, trvin-j l<> jtiek up -ome llesh and strength. A jartv of Ara!- eaiue int" '"IniiLTU after us in -eareh of ivory, and heariiiLi tliat an I'ln^- li-hman had j)reeedetl them, natnrallv iinjiiind \\h< -i-e I \\a-. U'it our friend*, the Baulunnu, su-peetinn that iiii-.-lii-'f wa* !ii".int, .-toutlv denied that thev had ever >erii anything ot' tin- -i>rt ; and then IMK-JUUC very urgent that I -h<>uld L:" |( i) tv remoyniir t lie crnii p.- ; Imt \\ln-n the viHa^'-r- \\lio deceived the Arab- ti!il me at'terwanl- \\iih an air if triumph how nieelv thev hail managed, I -a\\- that thev rrt'l oidv !> en an\ iou- for rn\ -afetv. < >M thi'ee oee;i~inn- the -iui' r fnendlv di-|xp-itioii wa- -hown ; and when \\i' \\ci,i i-mmd !ue \\-i--t -ide of tile hike ||| rtnlef t'l e\;||||!lic tin .tHM nr bralH'll |!.,\c I'.-felTed to, tile ll< ad Iliall at the ei.||tli:''!l'-e (' the |,..fu j.:-',i, ,t ( -d -o -tronj-lv a_ r ain~t mv join^ tin- Arab- had l>e mi-taken lor an Arab, and kil!..i - hat I f.-!t halt'-iiie!im-y tho Arabs. Wlirn we had gone sixtv mile.- we heard that the liead-nuarters of the Arabs were twentv-iwo mile- farther. They had found ivory very cheap, and pushed on t the \ve.-t, till attacked by a chid' named Xsama, whom tliev l>eat in hi.-> own stockade. Thev were now at a loss which wav to turn. On reaching Chitimba's village (latitude S 57' ""/' south; longitude .'50 20' east), I found them about six hundred in all ; and, on presenting a letter I had from the Sultan of Zan- zibar, was immediately supplied with provi.-ion<, bends, and cloth. Thev approved of mv plan of passing to the south of Xsama's countrv, but advised waiting till the ('fleets of puni>h- nient, which the Baulungu had resolved to inflict on Xsama for breach of public law, were known. It had always been understood Unit whoever brought goods into the country was to be protected; and two hours alter my arrival at Ohitimba's, the son of Kasouso, our guide, marched in with his contingent. It was anticipated that Xsama might flee; if to the north, he would leave me a free passage through his countrv; if to the south, I might be saved from walking into his hands. But it turned out that Xsama was anxious for peace. He had sent two men with elephants' tusks to begin a negotiation ; but treachery was suspected, and thev were shot down. Another efl'ort was made with ten goats, and repulsed. This was much to the regret of the head Arabs. It was fortunate for me that the Arab goods were not all sold, for Lake Moero lav in Xsama's country,, and without peace no ivory could be bought, nor could I reach the lake. The peace-making between the people and Arabs was, however, a tedious process, occupying three and a half months drinking each other's blood. This, as I saw it west of' this in 1X51, is not more horrible than the thirtieth dilution of deadly night-shade or strychnine is in homoeopathy. I thought that had I been an Arab I could easilv swallou that, but not the next means of cementing the peaei marrvin^ a black wife. Xsama's daughter was the bride, and she turned out very pretty. She came riding pickapack on a man's .-houl- ders : this is the most dignified conveyance that chiefs and then families can command. She had ten maids with her, each carrying a basket of provisions, and all having the same beau- tiful features as herself. She was taken by the principal Aral), 4(; n KF.AfTIFfl. II FADS. I>ut soon showd that -he preferred her father to her husband, for -ofinLT prrpnrations made to send oil* to purchase ivory, she su-ijH-cted that her father was to Ix* attacked, and made her escape. I then vi-ited N-ama, and. a- he objected to many people coming near him. too'; onlv three of mv eight attendant.-. His people wen- verv run 'h afraid of (ire-arm-, and felt all mv clothing to *<* it' I had any concealed on mv per-on. Nsamn is an oh' man. with head and face like those sculptured on the A--vrian monument-'. He had In -en a great conqueror in hi- time, and with how- a"..l armw- was invincible. He i- said t<> have de- -troved ma:-'- native trader- from Taniranyika. but twenty Arab '_ r un- made him fie* 1 from his own stockade, and caii-ed a ureat -en-at:oii in the eountrv. He \vas much taken with mv hair and wo-!!e:i clothing; but hi- people, heedless of hi- scolding, so pre--er me to talk during the ni-_ r ht. ( ,iir interview ended. He protui-ed guides to Moero, and sent u- more pn>- vi-ion- than we could carrv ; but -howed -o much di-trn-t that, after all. we went without hi- a i-tanee. " N-ama'- people are particularlv hand-onie. Manv of the men have a- beautiful head- :!- one could find in an a--etnh'v of' European-. All have verv fine forms, with -mall hand- and feet. None of the we-t coa-t ii^liiii . from which nio-t of' our idea- of the ne_rfoe- are derived, i- here to be -ecu. NO proj-- nath'iu- jaw- nir lark-heel- offended the sijjlit. Mvob-cr\'a- tions di-i'peniil tin- impre--ion fir-t obtained from then-marks of \\'in\\ 1 lleade, that the tvpical ne^i-o i- -MMI in the ancient l - '._ r vpf iati. and not in the uirjainlv form- \\hieh -JTOW up in the unhealthv -wamp- of the we^t coa-t. Indeed it i- probable lii! thi- upland f'l'e-t region i- the true home of' the ne-j-ro. Ill- '.votneii ex -ited the admiration of the Arab-. I h v have tiM". -mall, \\ell-fbrmed f.ature-: tliejr trn-at defeet i- one of :'l -!,].!!, V\ !li<-h doe- Hot extend to the next tribe ; t|pv f||e tll i "' t---'!i '" poin'-, the IIM--IC-, and that make- their -mile like tha! " N-am.i'- cotintrv i- called I'a\\a, and hi- principal to\\n i-- ; :i la'irud-- ^ ."i.'i" -outh. and loirjitude "J'.i 'J I ' ea-t. l-'i-om 'he larji- population he had under him, Itawa i- in manv part- Ae!l i !.- 1 red o}' tree- tor cultivation, ami it i- lower than I 'luii'Mi. GENTLEMEN SLAVEIW. .\t',~ beir.g generally nlxmt three thousand feet above the '-a. I/MI^ lines of tree-covered hills, raised some six or seven hundred feet al>ove thes<- valleys of denudation, prevent the seenerv from bein^ nionotonoiis. I.arj;e ^ame is abundant. Klephaiits, buf- faloes, and /ehnis ^ra/ed in lar^e numbers on the lon<^ -loping banks of a river railed Chisera, a mile and a half broad. In p>iii north we crossed this river, or rather mar-h, whieh is full of papyrus plants and reeds. Our ford \vas an elephant'- path; and the roots of the papvrus, though a earpet to the-e animal-, were sharp and sore to feet u-uallv protected bv .-hoe-;, and often made us shrink and flounder into holes ehest-deep. The. Chisera forms a larger marsh west of this, and it irives o(T its waters to the Kalongosi, a feeder of Lake Moero. "The Arabs sent out men in all directions to purchase ivory; but their vietorv over Xsaina had created a panic amon^ the tribes which no verbal assurances could allay. If Xsaina had been routed bv tweutv Aral) am sultan. I f one wished to depict the slave-trade in its ino-t attrae- live, or rather least objectionable, form, he would apiu^ to the north of Xsama altogether, and moving westwanls, our small partv reached the north end of Moero or the Sth of Xovember last. There the lake is a goodly pice; of water twelve or more miles broad, and flanked on the ea-t and west bv ranre.s of lofty tree-covered mountains. The ran ire lf>S I.AKK MOKRO. on the we-t i- the highest, aul is part of the eountrv calK-d Hiia-Mo<-:-rtli\u> riid called Lualaha. and r.i-'-ive- the river Kalm<;v the Arah- K:inuiu r \\'-i ' "ii tin- ea-t near it.- middle, and the river- Lunpula and IIviik\ve at it< southern extremity. "The ji -int "f ni'i-t intere-t in I /ike MIMTO i- that it forms one of a i-!i. 4 in of' laki--. ecuincc'ted l>v a river -o;ne Jive hundred mi!-- in I'-n^th. Fir-t ot'all the ('IiainU'/t' ri-e- in the eotintrv (.{' Maml>\ve, N.I-', of Molemha. It tli-'ii tlo\\- v,,iith\ve-t and w.-t till it rear-In-- lat. 11 S., and !>n^. '_'! I-'., \\lirn- it t"..nn- I/iI^e I'x-nilia >>r I.in^\ve<>lo ; emerjin^ theinv it a--iime- t!ie new nani'- Lnajinla, and ermu-s down hereto la!! into MIM-I-O. ( )i, ^oi;i._r ,.':> ni' t!ii- lalu 1 it i- known liv the nann- LnalaKa, a- it tlou - N.\\. in Una to tlii'in another lake with maiiv i.-land- ,-voiid thi-. inliirmation i- not po-inv.- a- to \\li- th'i- it enti-r- Tan_ r anvika or anotln-r lake U-vo'id that. \\'h> n I em---d t li-- ( 'hamlu /(-, t In- -imilaritv of naii M-- l.-ij i;i- to ii;i:ej:!)f I Int t hi- wa- a lirntl-h "f tin- Xaml'.--i. Th>- nativ- ~.ild ' NO. Thi- u r '"'~ siiithwe-t, and I'onn- a \vrv larj^e \vati-r tin n-.' lint I had IM-OUMI- pivjN-M-.-Md with iln- id-:i that I/ii.'- I.iffnlia \\a- that Ildnhi of \\liii-h I had h- ard in 1 ^i'..".. and w- h:id ln-.'ii -o -tarv.-il in thr--oii:!i that I ^la-lK --t inv t.i<-- north. "Ili" rivi-r-like proldn-jation o! l.ieml'a nn^ht j_'c. to M...-P.. and \\hr-re I eoiild not !'o!!o\\ the arm of' Limdia. Tl't n I v. ork< d m\- \\ av to thi- Ink'-. Since .-(.inin^ to ( '; i-i-m !''- tip- t-l ini'-nv "f native- ;n,d Arali- ha- l"-i n -o nnit-d and "M- -j-tr-nt that I am lint ti-n dav- fro;,i Laki- Ili-mlia, of I'.aii'j\\i o!n, tha* I : i :i!!'r; d^'ilit it- :i<-eiir:i'V. I a:n -o tn'i-'l of <-\ p'-ra: !oii \\ itlr ill! ;i v\ .,;.! f;-, .'u h"'i.' or attVU h' P 1 e!-i- lor J ', ii \ . ;ir-, 1 !iat I t;|ii-t j" ! I jiji in I atijanvika for h -I NT- ! ' ; di >i:ij an\ - t!i;i,_' !- . Tit' l-anlv and emiutrv ad;a'-.'iit t" Lak- 1 '.an.: u , , .',0 a;-i- i'|".;i.. in ..- nn\\ h i v- ii'i n;- di' ii'-. '1 h-- inhaliitan!- -nil. r ^n-at Iv from ~v,i }], ,] th\ n. i 1 .j'and or I >. i l,\ -hii'i- Ii' 'k ai.-l i 1 phantia-:-, :-.!:d thi- i-, t!," r.iin 1 . --a-'iii and VITV nn-at- t"!' tin-. \\ :, at ih- 'O'.MI- ml of M,., 10 v., u. n -,, mar ('a- ml," iha it " i- t'uo'i_'!it \\- 1! t', a-e'Ttain th-- 1- n/t!t ot' tin- laki-. and -..< 'i-, [;.!,, '.... \\ , .-mil' 'Up Kit \\i-.n tip- d-'id-li lanj- that fl n.k- th- i .4-1 of th' !ak' ; hut mountain- and plain- ar- -u RFX'KITION AT CA8EMBE fi. ^ covered with well-grown forest that we could seldom - it. We reached Cuaeml)e.'s town on the 'JHth Novcinlx-r. It Maud- near the north end of the I^ikeh-t Mofwe ; this is from on.- to three miles broad, and sonic six or seven long: it is full of sedgv islands, and abounds in fish. The country is quite level, but fifteen or twenty miles west of ,Mof\ve we .-ee a long range of the mountains of Una. Between this range and Mofwe the Luapula flows past into Moero, the lake called Moero okata = the great Moero, being about fiftv miles long. The town of Casern be covers a mile square of cassava plantations, the huts being dotted over that space. Some have square enelosiircs of reeds, but no attempt has been made at arrangement : it might be called a rural village rather than a town. No estimate could be formed by counting the huts, thev were so irregularly planted, ami hidden by cassava; but my impression from other collections of huts was that the population was under a thousand souls. The court or compound of Casern be some would call it a palace is a square enclosure of three hundred yard- by two hundred yards. It is surrounded by a hedge of high reeds. Inside, where Casembe honored me with a grand reception, stands a gigantic hut for Casembe, and a score of small huts for domestics. The queen's hut stands behind that of the chief, with a number of small huts also. Most of the enclo-ed -pace is covered with a plantation of cassava, CV/v?/x y^/y/'T/x, and cotton. Casembe sat before his hut on a square seat placed on lion and leopard skins. He was clothed in a coar.-e blue and white Manchester print edged with red baixe, and arranged in large folds so as to look like a crinoline put on wrong side tore- most. His arms, legs and head were covered with sleeves, leggings and cap made of various colored beads in neat patterns; a crown of yellow feathers surmounted hi- cap. Kadi of his head men came forward, shaded by a huge, ill-made umbrella, and followed by his dependents, made ohei-anee to Casembe, and sat down on his right and l<-ft : vari'>us bands of mu-idan.-* did the same. When called upon I rose and bowed, and an old counsellor, with his ears cropped, gave the chief as full an account as he had been able to gather during <>ur stay of the English in general, and mv antecedents in particular. My having passed through Lunda to the we.-t of Casembe, and vis- 470 INTERVIEW WITH CASEMIIE. itol chiefs of whom he scarcely knew anything, exeited most attention. He thru as-ured me that 1 was welcome to his eountrv, 1:0 \\h r- I liked, and olo what J chose. We then unit itwo IH>\- carrvin^ \\'\< train In-hind him) to an inner apartment, where the articles of niv pn-scnt were exhibited in tl'tail. He had examined them privately IK- fore, and we knew that In- was -ati-tied. They eon-i-ted of ei-jht yards of oran^e- e<. lured -er^e, a lai'LTe -tri|>ed taldeeloth ; another lar*M- cloth made at Mant'hcstcr in imitation of \ve-t eoa-t native manufac- ture, which never fails to i-xeite the admiration of A nil is and nativts, and a larire riehlv ^ildeil eomli for the hack hair, ,-uch :i- hulics wore fiftv year airo : this was i^iveii to me \>\ a friend at Liverpool, and a.- ( 'nsenilx' anure that thi> article would tickle the fauev. ( 'a-cmhe cxpn-- ed himself jlea-fl, and airaiu hade me welcome. "I had another interview, and tried to dissuade him from selling hi^ people as -lave-. He li-tencd a while, then lrokr otf into a tirade on the ^natm-- of ln> coimtrv, \\\< power and dominion, which Mohamad Inn Saleh, \\ho lia- Keen hen- lor t-'ii vear-. turned into ridicule, and made the audience laii'_ r h lv ti'Hinir how other Lunda chief- had t_ r iven me oxen and -lu-ej), \\hile ( 'a>eml>c had on!v a jioor little ^uat and -'.me (i-h to l---to\\. He in-:-ted al-o that there were luit twn -<>verei^n- in tin- world, the Sultan of //m/iliar ami N'ictoria. \\ hen we \\ent on a third iM-ca-ioii \ lud ('a-i-niln 1 farewell, In- wa- much !--- di-tant, and <-- 'ome lr;end- with him ; In 1 ' lie ha- an un^ainlv louk, and :in oiitsvard -juint in each eve. A niinit" r ti \ .n the exact ]>' have )i '.re-ent one. 1 >r, I ,ai erda, ( J"\ - rii"r u! I ette ( on t he XamU-^ wa.- the only vin- FORM Kit CAS K 171 ftor of scientific attainments, and he died at the rivulet called Chungu, three, or four miles from this. The spot is called Nshinda, or Inchinda, which the Portuguese, wrote Lnccnda, or I T cenda. The latitude given is nearly liltv miles wrong, but the natives say that IK; lived onlv ten davs after his arrival, and if, as is probable, his mind was clouded with fever when he la-t observed, those who have experienced what that is will n-adilv excuse any mistake lie may have made. His object was to ac- complish a much-desired project of the Portuguese to have an overland communication between their ea-tern and we-tern possessions. This was never made bv anv of the Portuguese nation; but two black traders succeeded partially with a part of the distance, crossing once from ('a--ange, in Angola, to Tot to on the Zambesi, and returning with a letter from the Governor of Mozambique. Jt is remarkable that this journev, which was less bv a thousand miles than from sea to sea and back aiz;ain, should have forever quenched all white Portuguo.-o aspirations for an overland route. "The different Casembes visited by the Portuguese seem to have varied much in character and otherwise. IVrcira. the tir-t visitor, said (I quote from memory) that Case tube had twentv thousand trained soldiers, watered his streets daily, and sacrificed twentv human victims every day. I could hear nothing of human sacrifices now, and it is questionable if the present Casembe could bring a thousand stragglers into tin- field. When he usurped power five years ago. hi- country wa.- den-ely peopled ; but ho was so severe 1 in his punishments cropping the ears, lopping oil' the hand-;, and other mutilation-, .-llin^ the children, for verv slight offence-, that his subject-; gradually dispersed themselves in the neighboring countries beyond his power. This is the common mode bv which tvrannv i- cured in parts like these, where fugitives are never returned. The present Casembe is verv poor. \\ hen he had people \vl;o killed elephants he was too stin^v to -hare the profit.- of' the -ale of the ivory with his subordinates. The elephant hunter- havu either left him or neglect hunting, so he ha- now no tu-k- to sell to the Arab traders who come from Tanganyika. Major Monteiro, the third Portuguese who visited ('a-eiube, appears to have been badly treated by this man's predecessor, and no 472 A HOT FOUNTAIN. other of his nation ha- ventured *o far >imv. They do not lose much by remaining awav. for a little ivorv anil .-laves are all that CasxMiilx- ever can have lit sell. About a month to the wi-t of this the |Hi.ple of Katanga smelt copj* T-ore (malachite) into large bar- >ha|nil like the capital letter I. Thcv mav In 1 met with ">}" from tit'tv |H>niid.- to <>ne hundred pound- weight all over the country, ami tin- inhabitant* draw tlie eopjH-r into wire for armlets and leglets. Ciold i- al.-o Ibnnd at Katanga, and peeiineii- w-re lately -cut to the Sultan of Xan/.ihar. "A- \ve come ilown iroin the watcr.-hcd towards Taniranvika we enter an area of the earth'.- surfatv .-till disturlx*d bv internal igneon- action. A hot fountain in the c.>untrv of Nsama is often u-'-d to buil ho - k of om- while at ('liitim- b:i'~ village. anl thev extend a- far a- ('aj-embe's, I felt a- il all -at, and a- hut- would not lall there \\a- ii" -en-.- ol' danger ; -o:ne o(' them that happened at night -< t the lb\\ !.- a cackling. The mo-t remarkable elll-i-t of ihi~ one wa- that it <-hanged the rat- of the chronometer.-; no rain fell att< r it. No one had :i' <-- to the chronometer.- but in\-fir, an-!, a- I had never !f-ard of tlii> ell'ret l.-fo|-i-, I niav nicniion that one \\hich lo-t '.'. ith great regularity 1 ) dai!\. \-\ I"/; another, \\ho.-e rate -I nee l'-a\'ing the cua-t \\a~ 1 ."i , '..-! In' ; ;i !id a third, \\hidi _'i:ind fi' dailv, stopped altogether. S<>ine of N-ama's jieoplc ;t-'-ril"d t!ie cartlnjiiake- t" the hot fountain, bi cati-c it .-ho\\ed nnn-nal commotion on \\i<--<- occa-ion- ; an-'ilier hot ll-nntain 'M-t- nearer Fanganvika than N-aiua'.-. and \\e jia>-< d one on the -hore, of Mo.ro.' " \\ could not nnder-taiid \\h\- tin native* called M", ro iinieh larger than Tan^ativika til! \\ e -aw both. The givati i Like l:e- in a comparat ivi-l\ narro-a j rough, \\ H h hi-^li land on eai ;/ 'it. lip Lnapnla .i;id llo\uk'.\e torm a mai'-h al th'- -oiuhern lAtrilnilv, and ' '.i-' iiil di--uad< d in- Iroin . n!. i iirj it, bu; -i nt a man t" guide flte to llitVerent j.oinl- of' MO. ;,, I'.ll'lh'l l]o\\I). |-'l"!U the h-'jht- :i? v.hi'h t!r -oiithi rn j'o::i..n- \\ !' -< n, it mu-! be i f-rtv t" -ixtv mile-, bi-..;..). I'l-on. tin- -outh end oi the VALUA1ILK PUODU(TS. .J73 mountains of Ru:i (i* \' south lat.j it is thirty-throe mile* broad. No nativt- ever attempts t> cross it even there. 1 1* fisheries are of great value to the inhabitants, and the produce is carried to great distances. "Among the vegetable products of this region, that which interested me most was a sort of potato. It does not belong to the solanaeeons, but to the papilionaceous or pea family, and it.s flowers have a delight I'ul fragrance. It is easily propagated bv small cuttings of the root or stalk. The tuber is oblong, like our kidney potato, and when boiled tastes exactly like our com- mon potato. When unripe it has a slight degree of bitterness, and it is believed to be wholesome; a piece of the root eaten raw is a good remedy in nausea. It is met with on the uplands alone, and seems incapable of bearing much heat, though I kept some of the roots without earth in a box, which was carried in the sun almost daily for six months, without destroying their vegetative power. "It is remarkable that in all the central regions of Africa visited, the cotton is that known as the IVrnambtieo varietv. It has a long strong staple 1 , seeds clustered together, and ad- herent to each other. The bushes, eight or ten feet high, have woodv stems, and the people make strong .-triped black and white shawls of the cotton. "It was pleasant to meet the palm-oil palm (E'nix (',nl,\ of its introduction into the country. "I send no sketch of the countrv, hecau.-e I have U"t yet passed over a sufficient surface to give a connected view of the whole watershed of this region, and I rejret that I cannot recommend anv of the published map- I have -ecu a- giving even a tolerable idea of the countrv. One bold con>truet"r of maps has tacked on two hundred miles to the northwest end of Lake Nvassa, a feat which no traveller has ever ventured to imitate. Another has placed a river in the same <[ti;irttorv of thi- great exjKtlition. Alter >jn'iuling a month in hi> town the doctor >aid good-bye t" Ca-embe, and -et nut on the 2l^d of December, in company \\ith Mohamad bin Salt li, for I jiji. Making several day-. JMiirney fmin ( 'a.-embe, the party halted at a little village called Kalmkua, mi a parallel with a large i>land in the lake called Kirwa. It \\a- the la-t day of the year, and the great man looked wearily U-fore him, ojpre->ed with the uncertainty of hi- liyin^' to read the letter- he hoped to find at I 'jiji ; he w:is j-iek \. Hi- only fiMtd f'/r -ouie time had been ctuirsely ground Nirghum meal. How natural it wa.- i'r him l make this little note in hi- journal : " Mohamad |>re>cntcil a meal ol' finely ground porridge, and a ll>wl, and I immediately fi-ll the dillereiux 1 , though I W;L- nut grumbling at my coarse dishes." CHAPTER XXVI. 1868. "Only Water" Native Indifference -Charms of Moero Lake Scenery - In- diU'crenee of Arabs Covctousness The ( >nly Lesson Learned Kabwabwati-- I>reaill'nl March Kvil.s of beinij with Aral's Livingstone's Inllu<-ii<-r -Thit-v- iiU' Slaves A Dead Halt LOIILJ Delay-- Yankees of Africa- Duplicity ..I" Mohamad -Desert ion of Followers Livingstone's* 'harity truest ionableChar- ity -.Justice as well as Mercy Aral) Trouble-makers Mohammedanism N'.t Taught Not Adapted to Klevate Heathen Christianity it Missionary Creed 1'owerlessness of Ceremonies Power of the Word Africans Curious and ('an- tiou* They Need the (Jospel Obligation of Christians Dulness of Kabwah- wati Livingstone turns South Arrives at Casemhe's Cordial Reception Pleasing Iteeol lections Deliverances Leo]iard Hunt A JH.*fiirrr>/< '/-!- F.'ireil l\-Kt Casembe's Kindness Mohamad Bo-jharih Starting for I.ak-- Heinlia Discovery of the (Jreat Lake Description of it LakeSurroundiiiLr*' Wanyamwe/i Northward A.sjain - Coin motions \\'ar Delays Kracb K:tl- wabwati Abominations of Slave-Trade I>attle Kvils in ( 'amp -\\'anyata- wezi Women During a Battle Weariness Christinas, January .list, [sc,s. THERE was compensation in the lake ti>r all the \\vari m>s and the want. It was onlv water ; the native trihes and trading Aral>s alike pronounced it so. And there was water I'vervwhere. Thev never thought of the Itumti/ of its l>n>ad >nrfaee niirrow- ing the loftv mountains, which seemed to look do\\u with >< mneh pride on their nestling; and thev never tlmuj;!)! of tl>> grandeur, when their eyes rested on the mi^htv waters ni-hii.i^ awav through the deep rent in the mountains on the north, gathering new strength and impetuosity in the r. n-ky chasm, leaping and roaring in the wildncss and gladin .-- of their release; and thev never eared where the \\ater- caiiie tVoin, and thought no more of the river which (lowed into the lake on the south than of anv other river. All ot'thc-c thin:j> engaged th-- thought of Living-tone, and wove themselves in a rc>i-tlc>s spi^ll aliont him. His journal, in its bivvitv. only hint- o{' the delight with which lie -trolled along the -lions of Mo.-ro. In the freedom of conversation with Mr. Stunlev vear- attiM*, he 470 tk'K.NKKY ON J.AKK MOERO. dwelt with enthusiasm on its charming scenery, and wo will soc bv-and-bv, how important a phut? its waters held in his theory of the hidden fountain*, which the curious world h:t- Ixrn set-k- ing iltiring so many thousand year.-. Standing on the north in the elran-.-t dav, with a strong gla>s, he savs he etuld not sit.' its southern ,-hore ; but it was narrower, ami the eye could wander In-tween the loftv ranges on the east and we>t, rotiinr, as it pha-ed, on the lake. The ranges whii-h eonfine it tire only twelve or fourteen miles apart at the more northern portion, diverging :is thev extend southward, to embrace a broad valley aen>~s wliidi various streamlets and rivers winding slowly brin:: their oll'ering- as to a <|iiecn. Along the shores, between the mountain and the water, the humidity has encouraged the ginger and fern- to marvellous profusion, and splendid tropical foiv-t- eloth the valley, and lend their eaiiopy of -hade to herds of -porting xehra-, group-, of drow-v elephants, and moii-lroiis huflaloe-, and in their deeper gloom conceal the lion'- lair, and the -tealtliv leopard, waiting to -tirpri-e hi- pivv. I: i-. -trance that -M'-h a -pot eoiild ne\vr tempt the Arab iVoin his bloodv path to _M/e a while, and if he eaim- (here, it i- wonderful that the tuition of the soiil \\-a- -o m-laved of -Iti-hii.--. that all the eharms of nature and the ^raee of ( ',,,,\ ean:iot call awav hi- gn-edv thought t'roin train. The tribes dwelling about the .-hores of the lal.f had beeonie thoroii'jhlv infeted bv the Arab spirit, anil wouhl lie or -teal, or li L 'ht i'r the [il'>-! trillillj ehallee to Meecr a IrnVellel'. Tile iloelor had a hi; of' e\peri< nee \\iih I hem iii ero-ini; the Kalon^-o^i river, u !ii' h form- t he northern 1" nmdarv of ( 'a-einbi-'-. eoiint i - v ; the people o|' the village nil it- ban k u e|-e at tir-t the imper- iiiat ion- of lovaltv, ai.d jiro!e-ted that lhe\ i-oiild Hot convey an\ of th- mi .{' the eoiintrv f"r (' ar o}' di-pl- :i-iir_' !: ehiel'; but !--. \ ieM,-d |e;nli!v, \\hen a ! e \\a- -ii'/^i-tiil, and iite r.-fu-al to e.irrv him nver, the patriot- almo-t loU- in eolllpetitii'll f"l - t 1 1 ' " I ! 1 bt t M ! --r\I hardly UNFORTUNATE ASSOCIATIONS. .J77 hotter to ho imitating only that meanest j>ossiblc trait of a higher manhood which was displayed in the eovetousness of the Aral) traders. Between the lake and the village of Mual>o, which is distin- guished by the strikingly euphonious name Kabwabwati, there was an extensive plain which the rains had flooded, and there was no avoiding it. The mud was generally ankle-deep, and for lour long hours the sick and hungry man dragged along this dreadful path, whose horrors were varied onlv lv the occasional accident of stepping into the deep track of the elephant. Hut when the Luao was reached the wading became more -erious, and for a full quarter of a mile the water flowed quite waist- deep. This stream, like manv of those of Africa, imparts won- derful fertility to its border lands bv its regular overflows; but the people must accept the benefits they receive as the price of health and comfort. The inhabitants seemed exceedingly sus- picious of the travellers, and often closed the gates of their stock- ades on their approach. On some accounts it may have secured a providential thing that Livingstone had fallen into the com- pany of Arab traders: it seemed to be a protection to him. But we can not suppress our regret that he could not have continued entirely separated from them that his life might have .-tood out before the people among whom he passed in unclouded contrast with that unprincipled class. It was hardly to be expected of the ignorant natives that they would distinguish nicelv between the character of men travelling as companions, or be VITV much impressed with the professions of generosity and love of' Dr. Livingstone, while bv his side sat men who acknowledged no . creed but self-interest, and were held in dread and dete.-tation. It is a striking evidence of the singular capacity of' Living-tone for his chosen work, that at so great a disadvantage he Mill .-uc- ceeded in winning the confidence and friend-hip of -o many of the rude residents of these distrustful villages. It wa> only by the most constant vigilance that he could do it. The -lave- of Mohamad were continuallv stealing something from tin patches by the way, which, though of trilling value, must be n turned. Kabwabwati was reached on the loth of Januarv, in the midst of the rainy season. The plain which he had already crossed was hardly a specimen of' the condition of vast tract- of 47S YANKEES OF AFRICA. eoi'ntry l>et\veen Kabwabwati and I'j'ji at such a season, and he soon learned that an inevitable delay confronted him. The town in which he had this gloomy pro-pect presented an Unusually motley apjH'aramv, and cherished ill- of darker shade than belong to a purely African village. Indeed, it w;is only where the native African had Ix-cn corrupted bv unprincipled agents ol' the outside world that I>r. Living-tone e.xperiewed 'much difficulty, exivpt Mich as wa> inseparable I'rorn his manner of life and his purpo-e-. This place W:L- a principal depot in the Arab trade. One of old Mohamad's sons lived there, and his subjects made a irreat demonstration on the approach of the ld man. Besides the Arab-, there were present in the town a number of Wanyaimvexi, tho-e " born trader- of central Africa," who arc dcscrilk.'d -o ablv bv Mr. Stanlev a* the " Yankees of Africa," the invariable attendant- of Arab exjK'ditions. The-e, addi-d to the natives of the town, made a population a- unprom- ising as could be desired. '1 he universal te-t:monv \\a-, how- ever, that it wa- impo--ib!e to iva<-h the Tan_ r an\ ika during the rainy -ea-on. The low land- were all flooded and in manv plan's would l>e found deeper than a man'- head. If the doctor had only known thi- while at < 'a-embe'- he mi^ht liave remained (here, which would have bei-n infmiti-lv preferable jf he nin-t In- delayed ; but he had ha-teiied from t h'-m, and turned hi- back on the Lake Banirweolo in hi- < ajeme to reach l"|iii. And it was exceeding unpleasant to know that he had be, -n deceived into tin- mistake bv Mohamad. Tho-e who are iwculiarlv -Ilieere tllelll-elves ai'e In..;-,- ea-i!v (he victim^ of i ll-i llcel'i t V. Tii-- m-'-t L'eneroti- are often t!i" readie-t prev of the -elti-h. Mi', h a- 1 >: . Living-tone had travel!, -d. and -kilful a- h-- mav have b< :i in anal\vin_ r human nature, hi- o\\n action- alwav^ d:-;'l.i\d til-- frank, alni-i-t childlike, beautv of -implieitv an,'-, a:i'l ii.--.-i-d ^r<-at pK-a-nre ;n tie- IIOJM- of havin-j hi-com- I 'in. '.'.hn --eiii'-l ' >nl \ -< i/i-d t in , a- ion i b\ tii< e,,iiiin_' -i! an Ln-jli-liinan ?- - \n<- In- le'i-.i^-. PKSKIITKD HY KOLF.OWKKH. -17'J This his Aral) shrewdness found means to accomplish. The chiet'tain had been brought somehow to associate hi> pri-oner with the visitor, and to understand that his relca>e would lie a special favor to Livingstone. The deception which he hud practised might have found some justification in the judgment of charitv on the ground of his being so wearv of his long imprisonment, even though it had occasioned such inconvenience and loss of time to his deliverer; but the unqualified depravity of his character was exhibited in the set-ret influence he exerted on the minds of the fe.v followers of the man to whom he owed his libertv. The doctor was wholly unconscious of this until In- had been nearly three months at Kabwabwati. lie then deter- mined to return southward to Casein be, and goon if po.-nbh- to Lake Bemba before going to l T jiji. To his utter a.-toni-h- inent his men refused to go; even Susi and Chuma, us he after- ward told Mr. Stanley, deserted him for a time. It then appeared that the Arab had been improving those month- to sow discontent in the minds of those faithful men, that he might join them to himself. Dr. Livingstone was very generous in his judgment tin the conduct of his men. '* Thev were tired," he said; two IMIIL: years they had been following him about the land ; they wen- not interested in the great problem which summoned all hi- energies; thev knew nothing of the heavenly inspiration which moved him to sacrifice himself for the well-being of thai heathen world: it was a beautiful generosity; it wa.- like the man. J$ut it strains our charity considerably to sign his mod-ratr sentence upon Mohamad. Men are to be pitied for their wicked- ness, but the totalness of depravity cannot be its ap>!i>.ry. It is not easily decided precisely where human judgment mav In- come seven 1 , but it may be questioned whether the hiirhe-t LT'"1 of' the guilty himself is not sacrificed sometime-; to tin- i"v the Christian has in tenderness and ehari'v. N'othinir i- mn:v fascinating in human character than the capacity which (!!' Spirit g'ves to rise above resentment. We lovr to eontemplat'- the marvellous grace of' (iod; we can ira/e upon it witlimi; comprehending it and be glad, but the majr-tv i>f hi- ju-ticf i- there as well; in our weaknc-- we i-annot t'ullv harmoiii/" thr-c attributes. The brow of justice seems harsh ; we cannot com- 4SO MOHAMMEDANISM AND CHKISTIANITY. prebend its eompletetu'ss now, atul therefore we cannot rcali/c its Ix/autv ; ami bemuse we cannot, we .shrink from it. It may IK: that decided and severe condemnation of a transgressor is not MI ineou-i.-tcnt with the pro|>er Christian spirit as. we sometimes think it i-. Whatever we decide alnmt it, the mischievous Mohamads will go (in making trouble for everybody in Afriea, until the nobler influence.-* of a truer civili/.ation than that they .-o |xx>rly repre- .- nt, at -eeond hand, have raided the vietims of their unscrupulous cupidity above a priee that they ean oiler, and they are o im- pelled to retire before the growing brightness of a light they have nr. I.i\ 'in^-toiie that no attempt had ever been made to proselvti/e the Afriean^. The K'iran i- n'Ver tran-lated ; the Aral)- never feel themselves etllled on to propagate their doetnne-: thev are houorablv a--oei:iti'.l with Afriean exploration as ( 'aptain Uuiton. to inli- mate that tln-\- would Iw better mi.-'ionarie- for Afriea than v 'hri.-tian-, oidy beeau-e their Koran would not brinir tln-m in eiiiifliet with ih' prevailing jxilygatnous eiHtom of the eonntrv. 'lii- religion whieh aee.inimodate- iti'lf to the |ir -judiee-. ot a pi-opli- \\ill Hi.; mure I'a^ilv obtain authoritv over them. IK.- ab-olute aiita^ r oni>m o| ( 'hri>tianit v (or e\i-rv unliolv ili-jni-itioii of man, bringing it fi< < to lie < wiili all hi- pri'ju- di'-i--, ha- b-n a e..n-|nenon-. element of it-- po\\er. Su<-li i- hum an uaiiif-, that th<- mo-i radieal mia-ni'- an 1 tie nio-t i-jl'fi-tu.il in th ii' reinrmat io;i- ; and tin- remarkable indilli-n n e o! tlii- Alii' HI t'i tie i TI 1 1 '! tie- Aral' Mo'iammitlan, wlnli- he i- a! - .\ a 1 . - nr "'i- abnut < hl'i-t lanit v, i- an ii !>i-t rat n-n, at hand, i.f lie- t'n!!y "i' tii'- id>-.i uf iiiiHlifving tie n <|uin im-nt- of tin- ! 1. 1 -.in: t hi - j >ai 't i''u !ar i -Hi id it ion- of part i<'U lar eonitn unities, TIIK OPKN that the peoj)le may be brought gradually to the ab-olnU- ex- cellence of the divine law. It is the very genius of the go.-pel that men be convicted of sin, by the dreadful contract of them- selves with God, while the marvellous purity of his law i.-> ila.-hed upon their depravity. Hut whatever the possibilities might be, the indifferent* of the followers of Islam seals the utter wort hies- ne.-s of .Moham- medanism as an agency of civilization, even to .-ay nothing of saving men. It is indispensable that the missionary have it in his heart to win men to his creed or his purposes. Christianity is more intensely concerned about that than the religion.- of the heathen, because the conviction of its absolute and nniver.-al importance to mankind is inseparable from it. Wherever there is a Christian he feels that every other man ought to be one, and, as between heaven and hell, seeks to have them so. It is naturally supposed by many that the African is peculiarly susceptible to the influence of formula and ceremonies, but the experience of the Mohammedans, whose forms and ceremonies, displayed in indifference, have been unheeded, and the experience of the Roman Catholics, whose wonderful zeal has been in>uf- ficient to awaken an interest in their pageantry and their mummeries, contradict the supposition. Ignorant as thev mav be, Dr. Livingstone's experience was, that the Africans always wanted to know what they were about. It was the mi-take of Mohammedan and Catholic that both carried a sealed book in their hand, and the power of Christianity wa- manit'e-tly to a great extent in its open Bible. Wherever that wonderful lmok, or any part of it, is given them, or its teaching- are read to them in their own language, the deepest interest is awakened. Ami even when their ungodly passion.- ari-e in rebellion a_ r ain.-t it, it is the theme of their conversation, (iod ha-ten the dav when his word may be in the mother tongue of all those tribes, and his mighty power be seen in their hoiv living and felt in their peaceful hearts. Oh, how thev need it ! oppressed with all superstitions, imprisoned in ignorance and de-pi-ed bv men! Naturally enough, their superstition i- alwav- most active about the grave. Death is full of terrors to them. Tin v have many foolish ideas about the connection of mo-t trilling matters with the dreaded approach of the destroyer. How precious will Js2 rilKlM-IAX OBLIGATION. !w esteemed the truth, which sets them free from oppressive cu-toms and kindles a tire on their hearthstones from which all hideous imaginations .-hall .-hrink abashed! And let Chri.-tians rememljcr that they cannot delegate the redemption of Africa from its degradation to other- ; no luitnan sv.-tem i-i equal to tin- work, and no other creed can in-piiv its adherents for it. Dr. Living-tone felt this more and more as he |>eiiet rated its my.-tcrious wilds farther and farther, and gained deeper in-i'^ht into the character of the people there. ]>ut the reader will lx- impatient of this delay at Kabwabwati, rt- the doctor himself wa-. Ix-t him reflect that while we have detained him a low minutes with our reflection-, tin- great trav- eller waited Ion-; months in th:it heathen town, with no other diversion than could IM- found in the dull monotonv of provid- ing tor dailv food, and cherishing, with sick heart, the deferred Lojte of reaching I'jiji and fiftr/-* sometime or other. Mohamad resisted with innumerable arguments hi- projwisi- tion tn s_'o -niitli ; and not -ati-tied with emtiuraging hi- own men to desert him, detaine',}' \\itli live uf hi- attendant.-, who were finallv nmvcd to repent of their dislovaltv. \\ iih ^reat diffieultv he retnioil his -tep- toward ( 'a-einne'-. 'I he river- were all in tloinl, and everv dav .-aw the little partv i Verv now and then alnio-t \\ai-t-)' taiiL'l'd tropical ve-ji tat ion. \\hieh flanked iim-i ! the -tieam-, often entangled them. \\ < can n-adilv bi lii ve tint -ucli a iiMirifv iiuld onlv be |MTiormeil willm^lv under tii-- in-p:rati"ii >}' the lut'iic-t cnn-eerat ion. The mere novelty (,t the - ( ,H'- eniild not conipeii-ate |,,|- ..ijch -uflerin^- a- wen* in-bir'd. A in. in lor that rnijjht *av truly, " When I -ce I'embji I \\ill -i-e rinlv \\atcople were brighter in the retrospect. One time he had been sepa- rated from his party and thoroughly bewildered in the tall tangled grass; but though he eonld not find the old friends he- found new ones at the neat little village of a woman named Xvinakasanga (or Mother Kasanga), who was kind a> -he should be with such a name, and made the stranger welcome until his party found him. Another time a generous matron spread for him a generous banquet, and her dignified husband, when he knew what his spouse had done, signified his approval of her act bv saying to the, stranger in the heartiest manner, "That is your village: always go that way and eat mv provi- sions." Once he was sitting by the path, when some wood-cutters, came along ; noticing that tliev turned out of it, he signaled them not to be at that inconvenience, but thev insisted, a> it would be very impolite in them to allow their shadows to fall on the stranger. While on the way he made a notable discovery which some may consider important. It had, he declares, never occurred to him that there could ever be anv possibility of turninir the fashionable hole through the cartilage of the nose to any account better than that of holding some ornament, and it mav be safely assumed that no lady in the land who ha< supported an analogous fashion since she was a child would ever dream that the rude African would be first to find out that thi- perforation might be utili/ed as a needle-holder ; but so it is. l'p"'i the registered observation of a distinguished traveller, we -ay it, and we hope it may be considered generoii< in us to congratu- late our few advocate's of ear-boring, that thev mav at lea-t have the glory of seixing on a valuable Miggestion. though it may seem fdr-fctchctl. \l\\i more than ail, as he looked \>:vk "ii the drearv journey, there, had been inanv ill- endured; but he remembered that there lay every where concealed in tho-e torc-ts creatures of ferocious pas-ions, and swimming in tho-r rivers were monstrous enemies of man. God had not only inclined the hearts of rude men kindly toward him, but kep 1 him fruiu 4^4 A i.KOPAiin HTNT. wild Iv-a-ts. This (loliverniux 1 was more notable b^au-e tin flds having I'M reed these mon-ter- from their jun-^io, thev were more uumcrou- and ravenous than UMial on the higher land. Many vil lap's had been broken up bv them. Tin-re were a -r. at many leopard- inf-tin^ -ome of the di-triets whieh he had ero ed. The.-e cruel blood-thirsty animal- lurk about the path-, hidden bv the tall waviii'j 'jra--. and -print; on uti- Mi-jMM-tm ^ men, and many a victim never return- to tell the -torv of hi- encounter. Farther south, in ( 'a Hrc Land, leopard hunt- in i; rank- hi^h in tin- li-t of wild and perilous delight-. A lx>dy of nn-n take a j>o-i;ion m-ar -ome opening in the foiv-t. where the undergrowth is -mall or -<-an-e ; other- with pack- of dors bej-in the hunt at a distaixv, and approach through the fore-t, verv mii'-li after our we-tcrn plan of driving fi>r deer. The tremendous havinj- of do<_r- and veiling o|' men i- the tii>t intimation the \\ai;m^ hor- -m< n have that a leopard ha- !x-cii found; riders and hor.-es are e(juallv impatient a- the ba\ in_ r ami veiling draw nearer and in-arer. And when tin- bounding: object of their < | II- -t enter- t h' jla< le, a\\ a v thev tlv iii -\\ ift pur-nit ; the tli.-maved animal finding m-w foi -, -tram- evcrv mii-de, hi- splendid rbe 'j!i-teniiiu r in the -un-hine, and hi- e\ e- lla-hin^ like lire, while the well-trained -ti-- d-, rejoicing in the elia-e, bear their -!iou;in'_r rider- in advance of tin- having jiaek. And it i- :MI odd e!ian-e tin- leopard h::- of'lii',, if a practi-cd ( 'atl'rc lit't- hi- -p> ar. Hut th'i'e i- not much time lor review in a bu-v lite, and 1 >i . Living-tone had alr-ad\- lo-t .-o mii'-h time that In- \va- mop- ea'_ r er than ever to pn -- forward with hi- \\ork. ('a-'-n:!>e receiviil him \ the chagrin o|' a e.-rt.iin croppeil -cared babbler, \\lio had exerted all hi- abiliii---, uith the per-i-ten- v of an attorne\-, to make a " ' a--- ' out u| t!ii- F,n^b-li comi!i'_ r a -cond time. '!' : . h : ..-f re.i-ivd hi- plan- flir \;-it:n- Lake ]}, mba v. rv kindlv, and oil! reil no o 1 .;.i-t ;or- ; b'lt he could not iindi-i -tand arv. ino:. th-in hi- -ubji-cf- \\liv mi eartJi the l-'n^li-hmaii ho'l!' I _"' " t I!' o',|!v to -e<- \V afef, \\ lien 1 1|. p \\ ;- rUoU_ r ll -o t..-n! i ! -. I'.-i! a- tar a- h- wa- able, )n- ~ ( -.-med willing to !';it!|. r t!.. .! - - of hi- vi-itor. NN'ithall hi- -rti'-hv h-- had .1 v--;n of manlv / n- -ro-it\' in him. and impro\-i d :_ r tvaf!v on ae- ijiruntaii' . Tni--, h-- on!d n^t ri-<- al-,\-e t!,.- -up. r-tit ion "CIHU> OF THE SULTAN." 4%$ which he obeyed in taking a man's head olf of whom lie might dream several times, and hi: was unscrupulous about the rxceu- tion of witches; hut there were other decision* of his which in- dicated that, outside of the influence of his su|>cr.-tition.H, In; could :i|p!v sound reasoning in dispensing jn-ti many times before, the joy of realizing his hope made him for- get the weariness and the perils he had endured. Over a large part of the country he had found scattered villages of YVanyam- wezi, who, acknowledging the authority of the sultan at Zan/i- bar, were very respectful and helpful. They have >ettled in the countrv onlv as traders, and though thev frequent lv render great service by beating back the Ma/itu, who lind..-uch ea.v prey in the aborigines, they are viewed with jealou- eve by both the Balonda and the I>aitawa. These tribe- look with fear and envv on their growing power, and not unfrwjuently these foreign settlers are obliged to turn their weapons on them in self-defence. One of the pleasantest of' the \Vanvamwe/.i head men was Kombo Kombo, whose stockade wa> on the- bank of the Chiberase river. The doctor came there in the mid-t of a general jollification, and was most bountifully supplied with pombe and food, and when lie expressed his re-let that his goods were all gone und he had nothing to pav with, hi.- uvncr- ous host assured him that lie expected nothing, he was "a child of the sultan ar.d ought to furnish all the doctor needed." Copper and the iron ore so often mentioned were seen ai different places; and the doctor speaks of crossing irras.-v plains and ranges of splendid hills; there were neat little garden? 29 486 THE CHOICE GKOVE. frequently seen, surrounded by high helgi -, and one day his attention was drawn to a .Military forest-grave, a little rounded mound, strewn over with flowers, and a mimixT of large blue lii-ads; and there wa- a path which showed there were those who loved the -pot. I low naturallv hi< thoughts Hew awav acn>-- tin- broad wilderness, and rivers, and valleys, to the grave under the great baobab tree, where he had laid the Ixxly of his o\\ n "Marv." And it wa- not strange either, that he thought of hi- own death, and it wa.- like him to -av, ju-t what he did -av : "Thi- i- the -ort of grave I should prefer: to lie in the still, -till fore.-t, and no hand ever disturb my Inmes. The i: raves at home alwavs seemed to me to be miserable, especially tho.-e in the cold damp clay, and without elbow-room: but t have nothing to do but wait till He, who is over all, decides where I have to lay me down and die." There were sonu -ceiie- of thi- journey which had -tamped themselves on hi.- memorv among the things never to le forgotten, ever burnint, memories which everyday impelled him to greater exertion and more earne-t prayer- in behalf of Africa. Never had he been more alfceN-d bv the honor- of the slave-trade. In one partv he -ay- : "Six men -lave- \\-re -inging a- if thev did not frel the weight and degradation of the slavr>--tick-. I a-k.-d tin- cause of their mirth, and \\a- told that they n -jo iced at the idea * of eoni!t)L r b:i'-k at'i- r "lath and haunting and killing tho.-e who had -old them.' Some of the words I had to inquire about ; t-'f in-t.uicc, tin- meaning of tin- word- Mo haunt and kill bv -pirit jiower ;' then it wa*, ' Oh, von senl me oil' to Maiiira < - a- ,!.].. i- otf v . h.-ii I die. and hack I -hall come to .ill voti.' Then all joined in tin- chorn-, \\liieh of . -aeh vendor. It t--!d n.t of fun, but of the bit;- rn-- and t- ar- of -Meh a- wi n oppn -~.-d, and on tin side ri--i-r th-T'- wa- a p-iu-r; there be higher than I: i- ind'd,a- Mr. Waller -ay-. " \tra-irdinary to n-.ti--e . f.-'ai ali- ne.- - .}' :!! |-ri-|e an- 1 enihu-ia-ni " \\ ith \vhi--h I >r. '. iii-j '"! e u-eord- t he di-eo\ i r\ nl tin _ r i-:it Like, for a sight i iii "i - 1 v " much. | le LAKK HAXfJWEOIX). 48? the village of Mapuni) and saw the shores of the lake fur the first time; thankful that I had come safely hither." He found the people about the lake very kind, and although he was forced to tell them that his gcxwls were all done, tliev did not hesitate to snpj)ly his wants. The chief, Mapuni, showed him all the respeen loaded with presents, and readily furnished a guide for exploring the lake. A great inanv Babisa were found residing about the lake, having made their homes among the native tribes. On the l ( ,*th the doctor came to the village of Masantn, who lives on the shore of the lake, and having secured a canoe, with no little trouble, however, he was enabled to visit several of the islands. The water of the lake was of a deep sea-green color, nowhere exhibiting the dark blue of Nyassi. It was much to be regretted that he could make no measurements of its depth, but he had been compelled to leave his line where one of hi- men forsook him just after leaving Kabwabwati. The waves on the lake ran high, and when strong winds are blowing it would be quite hazardous to venture on its surface with a canoe. It was ascertained to receive the waters of the Chambe/e on the east, and find its outlet through the Luapnla into Moero. By the best estimates which he could make, the doctor decided that Bangwcolo must be about one hundred and fifty miles long bv about eightv miles broad. The country immediately around the lake he reports to be " flat, and verv much denuded of trees except the motsikiri or mosikisi, which ha- fine dark, dense foli- age, and is spared for its shade, and the fatty oil yielded l>v it.- seeds." Manv people were seen boiling trreat pot.- of this oil, which is greatly valued bv them. There wa.- not much of noveltv in the home scenes about the lake : " fishing, weaving nets, beating bark for cloth, nursing babie-, and .-moking to- bacco, is all the story." Having spent alreadv more time than he had given him.-elf at the lake, he started north again on the '><>th. He was par- ticularly anxious to rejoin Mohamad Bogharih, with whose trading party he had come down from Casembe's, in the hope that the movements of that party might furnish him an e-cort north again. But when he reached the village of Kombo he found serious difficulties surrounding him, a:;d the 4S3 DREADFULLY RELK'.IOUS. Aralis them-elves greatly |>erplcx"d. The whole eonntrv w: 1 .-* in confusion. ('aseml>e ami Chiknmbi had joined their fore^ against tin- A rain, ami the Wanyamwe/.i, whom thev classed a-* A rain ; ami th--e foreigners were arranging to '(iiit the eoun- try. It was clear tliat in this ilisturlnil state of atlairs so small a party :is I >r. Livingstone's could not hope t<> pa-s through the country, and he could only wait until all went. While thev were wai:;:)^, Bin O:nar, a Suaheli, came from the ( "hamlje/e, and tin- tuo trader-^ united their forces and ler. He had spent manv vears in Africa, lut never had endured in *ix months -o manv annovanccs, or facel so manv dangers. In compensation for these perils and troubles he had sueeeeded in forming the connecting link between hi- central and more southern travel- bv mingling a'jain with the snltj^-ts of Mati- amvo, whom we remember as the paramount chii'f of ih Halonda, and he had satisfied himself about the eontintiitv (| I the chain of waters from the I,o-an/\ve raii'_ r f, whi^h form- the watershed -outh of Lake Tang:inyika, extending sonthwc.-t- vvard, tir-t, with ih" ('hamb'-/.e into Lake Hangweoln, thence northward in the Luajmla (which he named We!l'- river fi>r hi- old tri'-nd in KiiLrland \, on into the Lake Moero, and a\\av U'rthwanl in lie- Lnalot'u a_ r ain ; thu- ti\in_ r , a- he t'ondlv be- li.-ved. lh" -oiire.-- from which he would ultimately bi- able to d'-i-'-ii'l :n'o til-- ^p-at mv-ti-riou- Nil'-, vi'torious over all its winding-. We cannot imagine, then-lore, that he regretted the jourm-v, i-v<-n a* -o ^r<-at a <-o-t of time and comfort and :ib-- !ut'- v;!a!:t\-. I'.':! hi- trial- were ii"t end' d at Kabwab\\ a!i. I he MI- -n. with whom lip- gradual lo-- nf In- o'vn follower' and the xpcnd it nre of all hi- _"""!- had linallv left him an in vo!n:i t:ir\ - a--> !.!'. \\t-ri- far from b-inu r -u-li -peeimi-n- of hnmaiiifv ft" h" \\ou!d hav-- - !< -d. 'rh'\- ! #ii'ninn \rab trad-:-, in V'-t :n_ r *!i'-:r el.i'li and b-ad- :n ivrv and -la\'e-. Trading u h< n tie 1 . ''.'i'd. -'-i/iii-.,' \\hat thev dared, and fi_ r ht ni'_' \\h<-n th<".' mu-f. I >i adlullv religion-, lnif -i-em;ii'_' to lind nothing in th'-ir iT'i-d b'M >\ i -toii-iii--. , and making their i-onf- --ions rnilv at {!. '-it of -. It nit- r<--(. Lit-- with them wa- ^i\ in^ thX THK SLAVE-TRADE. 489 great champion of Africa's oppressed millions an insight into the tnule which he so despised, which he could never have had without that dreadful experience; and it' the kindness which he received personally at the hands of .some of those engaged in it moved him to gentler judgment of the men, the horrors of their trailie, revealed every day more clearly, only intensified his ab- horrencc of it, and aroused him to wire unrelenting denunci- ations of everything which encouraged it. He saw it in its degrading influence on the minds of its victim*; he saw it en- couraging the most unnatural cruelties where tenderness and love should have been implanted ; he saw it confirming the most oppressive superstitious and the most barbarous customs ; he saw it cultivating the meanest selfishness, and filling the minds of the people with suspicions; he saw it fomenting dissensions and creating wars; he saw it, not content with the restrictions of its own mock legitimacy, rising at times with unpardonable bar- barity and desolating whole districts under color of some pre- tended loss. Most gladly would he have gone on, and escaped the dreadful spectacle which sickened his sonl continually, but he must inevitably have fallen a victim to the justly incensed tribes who assembled from all (quarters to avenge themselves on the traders. He (bund himself in the midst of a regular war, without being in the least responsible for it, and being utterly unable to exert any influence for peace; the people had received -o manv provocations, and endured so manv wrongs, even according to the low standards of justice which the traders tliem~elve- had set up, that the Arabs and all their dependents were thoroughly hated, and some recent barbarities of the parties sent out by Mohamad Bogharib had been the t'atal spark which set th* whole country abla/.e. The doctor describes some of the scenes of this war (jiiite vividly : " On the L'.'M of November," he savs, " we were assailed bv a crowd of Imbo/hwa on three sides; we had no stockade, but the men built one as (list as the encmv al!o\\vd. cutting down tr-'e~, and carrying them to the line of defence, while nthrr- kept t he a<-- sailants at bay with their guns. I lad it not b. en for the croud of Wanvamwe/i we had, who shot vigorously with their arn>\\ -. and occasionally chased the Imbozhwa, we should have been routed.' tW VI-TO;;.Y-CKOSS FELLOWS." He himself lil not go near the fighting, but remained in his house. Among tin- -trangcst lea tun's of tlie scene was the part taken by tin- women. " Tliey could l>e seen," continues die doctor, " everywhere moving up and down the village with feieves a< it' winnowing; and singing songs, and lullilooing to cneoiirage their hu.-band.s and friends who were fighting. Kach nad in her hand a braneh of Fieus imlic-a, which they waved cun-tantly as a charm. Thougli the Iiabo/hwa continiu-d this a ault from early morning until 1 I 1 . M. they only killed two men with their arrow.-, and themselves lo-t ten." Hut the witness could not withhohl his praiso for their bravery, and mentions with sjKrial admiration the can 1 with which thev looked at'ter their fallen comrades. When one fell, two or three would immediately -ci/e him and carrv him awav from the field, though pursued bv great croud- of tin- Wanvamwe/.i with >|M-ars and fired at bv the Suaheli. '' Victoria-cross fellow.-, trnlv, manv of them were!" exclaim- the enthu-ia-tie (Englishman. The mo-t gallant of them wore bunches of the tail- of animals and medicine charm- tied to their wai-t-. Thev would come Milling and ambling up near the uniini-hed .-tockade and -hoot their arrow- high nji in the air to fall among the \Vanvamwezi, then pi' king up ,-ueh arrow.-> a- thev .-aw on the fa-Id run utl' and return with the -aine prancing gait. Thev -eemed to think that tin- [Hi-nliar gait saved them trom the ball.-, and the air ot confidence with whieh tln-v lowered their head- when thev heard th'- wlii/./ing to allow the ball- to pa.-.- ua- a picture fur an art i-t. It ua- ijiiito evident to Living-tone thai the Suaheli Aral* wer.- Ojiiite taken aba'-k bv the attitude of the native-; thev ex- p-'-t'd them to tl'-e a- -oon a- they heard a ^un lircd in anu'er. bur in-lead of thi- th'-v \\e|-e \-i-rv ina:i\ i"-in^ cut nil', and -I. "ild hi\e l>>n but |artv had no -u .- ID 1 1 \ in_' to _' t M ji\\ ein and Ivaremliwc ( \< iin tlu-m, or If \\'H||d lia'.c btcn IIH'I'i- -el'ioll- -till. I'.arlv I-! i tin- '_' I; h tie- a a i Ian t- approacl|el aL'aiii. and called on Mohamad : n- >H l h:- -to<-kadi it In \\ re a man \\ ho in Id li.dit , but t !e I'll'' u a- tim-in.d, and in mi' - eim d u illing tj !'. th" launiiuj i.ill. 'lie do--tor \\.t- -lad that In Jiad A DREADFUL MUKDER. -101 nothing to do with it, hut felt very thankful that he hail l* i cn detained, and had not, with his lew attendants, fallen into tin- hands of the justly infuriated Babemba. The attack was re- newed, and some went out to them, fighting till noun : when a man was killed and not carried oil', the Wanvamwc/i brought his head and put it on a pole on the stockade six heads were thus placed. A fine young man was caught and brought in bv the Wunynmwczi : one stabbed him behind, another cut hi-> forehead with an axe. Livingstone called in vain to them noi to kill him. As a last appeal, the poor fellow cried piteously to the croud surrounding him, '' Don't kill me! and I will take yo:i to where the women are." " You lie," said his enemies, "you intend to take us where we may be shot by your friends," and they killed him. The doctor protested loudly against the cruelty and wickedness of the act, but his voice was powerless against the rage of the Wanyamwezi. He felt that the war lay at the door of Mohamad Bogharib, and he did not hesitate to tell him that he considered him en- tirelv in limit, and did all he could to move him to conciliatory measures. But an Arab trader only makes admission of wrong when it cannot be possibly avoided, and particularly i- it dilli- eult to persuade one to such measures as call for the relinquishing aught of their gains. Dreadful as were the open hostilities which he was compelled In witness, there were tiling- occurring rverv dav in the natural everv-dav life of the strange companv, ordinarv occurrences in the trader's camp which harrowed his soul more severelv than the violence of war. that he could think ot'as extraordinarv while the others were the common inevitable horrors of the inhuman business. lint "at last he made a start lor l"jiji with the Arab- on the llth of D.'cemhrr Mohamad and his friends, a gang of \Van- vamwe/i. and long lines of -lave- bound together bv their hcaw t/o/.vx. Some were burdened with ivorv, others with copper and food for the journev, while hope and teat and mi-rrv and villanv could be read oil' on the variou- countenance- a- thev pa -'d in a long line out of the eountrv, like a huge .-erpent dragging it.s accursed folds awav from the victim it has paralysed with its fangs." It required onlva short march to bring them to th* Lokinda, W- "CHRISTMAS COMK AGAIN." which \vo.s crossed on tin- llitli, though Chisabi, who was in authority e;L-t of tin- Lokinda, had not joined the n>t of the Bubcuiba in their war on the Arabs. It seemed un-ale lor the doctor to go on alone, ami he endured the delays and mortifica- tions of thi- -tranir' company ;is patiently its jmssihle. Kvcrv dav brought it.- frc.-h grievances to the trailers in tlic C>C:IJK' of thrir .-laves. The prettier women were peculiarly -ueees-fiil in making their OCUJH.-. Thev knew well how to move the heart- 1 of their rna.-ter- hv their charms, and no MMMKT W:L- the voke lifted in an-wt-r to th'ir entreaties and promises, than thev bounded awav like frightened roe.> through the tali gritss and were lo.-t to view. ( f hri-tm:i.- came again, and -till he had not seen I *jiji or letters ti'om the far awav friends who had been so loiiu r mourning him a- d'-ad. Hi- -lailghten-*! a favorite iroat to make a Christmas dinner lor hi- liltl partv, which had now n-.-uim-il it.- old aj>- pearanee bvthe rcjM-ntance of all the men who had been tempted from th'-ir diiiv bv the old |>ri-oni-r of ( 'a-embr. A ti \s d:i\- more and he wa- -pending the la-t dav o|' iSo'S on the bank :iki- Tanganyika, suiToumletl bv lovt-ly -i-rm-rv and filled with gratitude for the deliverances of the year, and the important di.-coveries which he had Ixt-n allowed to make. CHAPTER XXVII. UJIJI. Severe Illness Thoughts and Memories Some (lood in All Mohamad Bo^- hurili's Kiintiiess Dr. Livingstone too 111 to Walk Suffering* in being Car- rii-il Arrival at I jiji Hardships Mm lured Disappointment ( ioods Stolen I'jiji Products of the District Market-Place Wnjiji's Salutations Mead Ornamentation Formal Introductions Tattooing A lieprc-cniativp Wajiji Ornaments Superstition Sujterstitious Custom. Kcfiisal to Carry Letters A Den of Thieves Thani l>in Suellitn Manyncma Country Keligiously Villanous ? Hambarre Kxpert Hunter: The (Ircat Chief -The Covennnt of Peace How Arabs keep Covenants Mockery of Superstition " Lilipntian Monsters" A Pygmean Battle Amazed at Guns An Elephant Hunt I u- satisfactory. Tin-: catalogue of sufferings in 180H was finished by a dread- ful wetting in tlic last day, and 18(>9 found Dr. Livingstone verv ill, and facing the Lofnko, thirty yards \vide and waist- deep. The experience of delavs was too fre>h in his mind to allow him to run the risk of seeing this stream ri-e suddenly out of its hanks and spread across the plains, an impassable barrier in his wav to Tanganyika, and he resolved to cross im- mediately. Across the river his strength failed more rapidly; the additional exposure onlv abetted the disease which had sei/ed him, and he soon sank down with pneumonia. The fever ragi'd, and his mind, no longer clear and free, became the scene of confused thoughts and memories, flitting and {lowing vividly an 1 rapidly. The trees about him seemed to he covered with hi'man faces; sometimes the tar awav land surrounded him with familial scenes; his old friend- came about him and hi> children, .nd the *ad, sweet, prophetic lines were on his lip.- : " I -hall l<'k into yr>ur faces, And listen t \\ hut VMII ^uy : And l>e oftt-n very nr.r ymi, 'NVlien you ihiijU I'm i.ir a\vay.'' Another time he seemed to >ee a Lfi'ave. and he thouu r ht hiin- Kelf dead without having reached I jiji, without having seen the - SOME GOOD IN ALL. long wished-for letters fnun his dear native land. His suffer- ings during tliis illness were vt-rv great, anil probably left him an easier prev fur the final sicklies*. (Jod mercifully moved the heart of Mohamad Bogharib to special kindness. In the most vicious there are traces of the purity \vhieh reigned in man U-fmv the fall hail darkened and defiled the glorious em- pire ; hint* f former virtue that relieve the deepening degener- uey of the ,-oul, and contest the supremacy of evil, like the glimmer, which lingers in the gathering darkness when the .-tin is far away and his p ncilings are so light that \ve do not (.ill them rays, relieves the night and coiite.-ts the supremacy of gloom. It i- the redemption of our experience among men from the shadow of their deformities, that it is veined, however faintly, with kindnesses and loves. And it should awaken emotions of gratitude, that (Jod allows in the hearts of men some remnants of the light and goodness which thev have for- feited, to mitigate tin- sorrows i' their depravity. It is verv pleasing to think of the tenderness and kindness which Living- ftono received at the hand of a man, about wlm-e heart semes of unrivalletl cruelty had IM-CII moulding an adamantine c;u-ing during -<> many year-. Mohamad Hogharib W;L- a specimen Arab trader. He w:u- thorou^hlv U-nt on train; he was over- iK-Jiring and cruel. The do< -tor had -eeii much in him t< con- demn, verv little to admire; but he had him.-elf been shown Verv marked and per-evenn^r kindnes* bv him. Inuring more than a year he had furni-hed and cioked hi> I-t :iiduou> in hin attention-. And new, when at la-t he \\a.- pro-trated, he had him borne forward bv hi- followers. It wa- the tir-t time in hi- hie that I >i . Living-tone had needed t'l be eai ri- d on hi.-* ji>iirn\, and be did not In -itate to j-eeord lli-- Kindiie-- o|' Mohamad and hi- gratitude. I'.ut though all care \\:i- \it*\ ( RKCKPT1ON AT UJIJI. 49;, jolted from side to side, under a vertical sun, which blistered his skin wherever it Ixrame exposed, with only a bunch of leaves to shelter his aching head and his face from the jiowerful rays, was indescribably painful. An^ all this time with only such nu-dical attention as Mohamad could rend'.-r, and no food except a little gruel. Thus battling with a dreadful di>ea.-e, sometimes for days so extremely ill that he could not be moved, then rallying and relapsing, it was full six weeks before he reached the Tanganyika at the confluence of the I/ofuko. There he obtained canoes, and after two weeks sailing, landed at I'jiji on the 1 1th of March, 18G9. lie had been poorly able to note the incidents of the journey ; much of the time he had been hardly conscious; his whole anxiety had been to reach Ujiji, * / J *J ' where, besides his letters, he expected to find a fresh supply of medicines, and such other of the essentials to the comfort of an Englishman as he stood most in need of. We can hardly imagine a more dispiriting condition than that in which this great man arrived at Ujiji. Three years and a half before, he had left Zan/ibar, well provided with attend- ants and stores; the attendants had melted away until only a little handful of men followed him. His goods had been waited and stolen. lie had been subjected to indescribable perplexities and sorrows in regions swarming with slave-traders, and at the hands of people who had learned onlv extortion and deception from the Arabs. lie had found his way hedged by the bitter- ness which Arab provocations had engendered in the native mind against all foreigners. lie had been unavoidably associ- ated with a class of men whose lives were most repul.-ive to him, and had been sickened at heart bv the barbarities of the un- holiest wars. Through it all, he had suffered for food and endured constant exposure, traversing on loot broad plains, climbing rugged mountains, lording broad rivers and inundated swamps; his clothes and shoes were tattered ; disease had come on him and found him without a single remedy, with only his overtaxed energies and impaired constitution to match a^aiu.-t it, and the odds of continued exposure and neees.-arv exertion. He was in theextremity of emaciation and destitution. \\V have followed him along the western wilds and seen him fall prostrated or the bed of the generous English ma" of Loanda ; we have 496 PISAPPOINTKD AT UJIJI. liiiu battling with the emliarraxsineuts of the Portuguese com muni tic* alu^ the /.imln^-i and the Shin-. But even his life, so full <>f trial aner .-hade during the-e \c;u>. AmJ I "jiji had not half the consolations to oiler him that lie had diva i m-d of. It disap|>ointed him ; it had lu-ithrr letter- nor nutlifinr lor him. The unfaithful agents to who-4- ran- hi.- pKd- had Ix-cn committed had jH-rfortuetl his ,-ervice with tin- true -pirit of his c!a->, had plundered the packa_ r ! -.- and left a remnant to their owner. The medicines, uineand ehee-c had Ix-cn left at L'liyauyeiulx 1 , thirteen davs travel ea-t of I'jiji, and the wav Mocked up lv a Ma/itti \\nr. A l-w article.-, however <-t)tlec, tea, a little -u^ar, and some ^x\ 'a-uriirj t weiitv-tinir vard-, and similar freedi-m with lu- lx-ad- had Ix'di iudulire*! in. The prominenct- which t'jiji ha- aumctl in connection \\ith I>r. I.ivin'_ r -ione'- later year- will ju-tity u- in more e\ten-ive in.H)k- of African travel, di-tiiiLMii-he- a di-trict Uinlerin^ on the -jreat Lake 'I'aii'janvika. A "di-trict of -iii'pa-_~in_ r heautv and feiiilitv," according to Stanlev. "The mo-t produ<-live province in tin- -eciioii of the coinilrv," according to Burton ; where ve^etalde- which mii~t l>e cultivated elsewhere -cemel to floiiri-h -pontatieoii-lv. The earlii-r A rail .-ettler- planted rice a!"ii_ r the -hore- of the lake and had abundant harve-t-. Sorg- hum, iiianioe, ground-nut-, liean-, e^-plant, -we, | potatoe-, \ani-, eneiiiiil M -r-, and artichoke-, are all in the li~t \ creature coinl'-rt- which an- to le iiniiid in 1 |i|i. Sir_ r ar can'-, tohaeiii and ' -otton are con-pieiioii- article- n| inerchandi-e. I lie plan- tain and (iuiiiKi jialiu ll-iiiri-h like aliorijine- in the lertile -oil a:id t!i- hiimi'l a! mo-phi i -e i.f the di-Triet ; and all th* tri-e- and viii'-- "t the to|-e-t- exhihil \\onderfill In \ uriam-e. I In lop--!-, ar- t h ron j in/ \\ it h u i Id \ a-! - ; and tin- vilhilioii- nionke\ - find -[H.-i-d deli/hf in ni"-t int'onnal raid- on the L'arden- of their r l! , ,:ht r- -em!)!- - a . larit -t7 The human inhabitants who assert the claim of their nativity in this splendid district, the Wajiji, arc the peers of any tril>e in the land in those customs and characteristics which belong to Africa. But thirty-five years ago Aral) traders, who had nlreadv established markets at I "nyauyernbc, penetrated their country and were eager to appropriate the advantages which Mere so apparent to be reali/cd by establishing a market on the shores of the beautiful inland sea; and from that time their countrv had become more and more a common ground for all the surrounding tribes, tempted by the clothes and beads of the Arabs. And the great market-place of their chief town is a grand centre for many thousand square miles. The traveller may see there "the agricultural and pastoral Wajiji themselves, \vith their store of grain, their flocks and herds ; salt merchant.-. from Uvinza ; ivory merchants from Uvira and Vsowa; can of- makers from Ugomo and Uvundi; and peddlers from Zan/ibar; the representatives of a do/en different tribes engaged in noi.-v chafler and barter.'' The streets of this strange town invite him to an exhibition of as various customs and tempers, and the huts cover scenes in home life that represent an area of manv, manv miles. The salutations of a people are among the more conspicuous formalities, and the Wajiji are not behind the foremost in fastidious observance of the formalities of their society. It is a question whether a fashionable lady of our country would survive the sight, if she should unexpectedly be- hold a I'jiji belle making her bow to a gentleman on the street. It is a liberal bow, an ardent, enthusiastic recognition ; there is no mistaking it, no danger that the gallant will pa.-s bv anximislv qiierving whether his lady notion! him. We are at a loss to describe this bo\v. Imagine yourself a youn-j; Wajiji gentleman, arrayed in your best robe of bark cloth, or vour best lion .-kin, loitering down the avenues of that tropical city, a tall black Venus approaching you in the distance , as she draws nearer, you LT:I/C with delight on the shining blackness, and wonder that such grace is allowed to mortals. If you are a fortune hunter your eye catches with eovetou- eagerness the splendid bund- of played her dainty hand with bejewelled tinkers, and her exqui-ito arm with glittering bracelet. If onlv beautv charms volt, vuu 408 FORMAL iNTKowmoxs. will dwell on the wonderful chiselling of the 1-adv's features, that pplendid no-e, .-<> l)n>aillv ainl strongly planted, the gencron* lips, ami tin- ehtvks adorned with wonderful designs, wrought it the black wa.xv -urfacv with the .'harp point of a knife, lint, whoever v>n an-, and however you are affected by the ladv's prx-nII von, and clapping her hands furi- >u-!v, break forth with the sonorous salutation, " Wake, wake, waky, waky ; huh, huh," and if you -hould be a real \\'ajiji man von would reply by clapping vur hand- in turn, and all-hit);: up th ladv'- word-, von would repeal them \\ith an- swering earni>tne~. Hut we are not to imagine that the cus- t"in- of tlii- !K-ii-y provide for stieh imjM-rtinent nt-ngnitions as are iuflieteil nn people sometimes in nearer eliun-. NN'ajiji gentlemen \vald a< ><>i.n think of ubandoning tin -ir splendid valley as surrendering the tcdioiH eeremnnv of' intrixiuetiun, which is (.i) this wi-<-: a mutual aojuaintancv, with profound r --p'-'-t, intPKlaecs one gent iemnn to another; the two advance with inimitable gravitv, and grasping each other bv the elbo\\>, br_Mii to rub ia-!i other's arms vigorously, all the while repeat- ing tlio-<* familiar words "Wake, wake, wakv, wakv," never failing to punctuate their sentences with the M^nifieant grunt.-, "huh, hull." in token of the ali>ilnte -ati-faction they have in the privil'-j-e of knowing each other. \\ c an in II v mindful that the elaborate di-po-n ion of nature's Tanial covering i- not continol to Africa, but \\ have found it a tiK'.'t' r of .jiiiic a- much importance there a- h- re. and one in- V"ivin_' marvel- of dc-L'n and \\orkman-hip, l>e!..re \\lueh rerun- ! t". ;-t'd "paper-" and ton- of eiirliiiL r iron- might ' d- -pair. In \Vajiji, now and then, tin-re mav he -ecu a p''-- ban- a- .-HI cj._r--h' !1 -it i- onlv fa-liion though; more iVe- ijueiit!v tie hair i- ! f? in " dia'.'onal and Imri/ontal line- or m e..i:il.-, rid/- -. tu!'-, -tripe-, \vith ilaintv frontal enrl- like beaii- !? l.er- : -i.ti:. 'imr - f|,, p- are left onl\- narrow band- aej-o-- tlie fr-.liT; -..mi-'ilne- the li-Ki, -T and mo-t f iiita-ti- liin-- of o .1 ? ' |..- ,. . n v. r-ipp'ie/ tie- c|-i,nii, and if not da//lmg, at least t'Vi'- ! n _' tie- nuaei-ii-toineii jja.''-. A UKPRESKNTATIVK WA.JI.H. 409 With such an elaborate crown it is natural to expect marvel- lous attendant charms. Most eccentric fancies will be surprised l>v the disigns described about the bodies, anus, and legs. Tattooing is in perfection among the Wajiji, a^ among most of the tribes in the lake region ; and though the operation must be painful indeed, it is precisely what the people- would part with last of all. How frequently do we find human beings clinging most fondly to the most unreasonable custom-; at the sacrifr-e of true comfort ! There is not any conceivable tyranny so unre- lenting and severe as that of fashion. " You will find on a representative person of the Wajiji an unconscionable mvstery c.f wheels and lines. About each breast there is a wheel, and one encircling the. navel ; wavy lines are tattoed on the arms, and the immovable bracelets about the wrist ; wavy lines ex- tend across the chest, and longer lines, with perplexing meander- ings, extend from shoulders to hips, crossing on the abdomen ; while all over that rotundity there are most unmeaning blotches. It is wonderful how crazy vanity may become; it is almost as profligate of its ingenuity in Africa as in America. But tin Wajiji are not satisfied with the- inseparable decorations of thcii tattooing; their vanity knows no restraint except povertv. How natural that is! we can hardly reali/e that so familiar a speich applies so far from home, but it does: we cannot denv it. Some- times u a top of the fashion" lady may be seen with thirty 01 fortv necklaces of beads about her sable neck, and numerous bracelets of beads, and belts of beads twined about the waist, and depending in back and front from the neck ; besides the beads, charms innumerable, of ivory, hippopotamus teeth, and boar's tusks. And well these fine ladies understand the art of arranging the dyed robes of sheepskin so as to conceal ns little as possible the mvsteries of their toilets. These people are skilful manufacturers of cotton cloth, and are better supplied with that commodity, of which onlv a small rofoundly, as the Catholics do when thev pa.-.- the ima^eof the Virgin. Innumerahle cu-toni* of re-pr. Living-tone found it. Amo!i_' the foreigners, the doctor was more imincdiatelv a--o.-i;iti-d with the Aral>-, and their agents. Thev were the re>ident representatives of the oin-iile world. The more promi- nent o| them -eeined kind, alter their ideas <1 kindness; lnt either hv their di-hone-tv or their nnpardonalilv liad mana-je- nien: he -nll'i-ivd d;-ti'e--in^ inconveniences .iiid !---, and in the one matter ol mo-t vital importance thev failed him entirelv. For lon_r \var- he had leen a- dead to hi- IriciM- , the world had mourned hi- lo--, onlv the more -airjuine .) the people clieri-hin.: the hop.- ol' vet hearing of him a.- alive. And now that he wa- at a point in n-^;i'-ir inten-our-e \\ith tin- i-oa-t !ii- heart hounded with delight in the IIOJH- of .-i-ndi:i-j letid'- awav \\hicli would intoi'in hi- fri'-iid- and !amil\ of hi- <-\i-t nee, hi- -ii.', (--(- and hi- ho|e-. l-'or dav- and week- he lahond over llie-e pree;o!|- pa ::<-, hilt to Ili- ^I'eat -oITo\\ he t'olllld that the Aralt- ret'n--d to -end tln-m, (i-arin-j. a- In- mje.-ed. that In- mi-lit complain in them to the /uti/ilar authoritie- ol tlieir condnet amon-^ the tril ie- \\e-t of the lake; and uh'ii at la-t In- com- mitted them to unwilling hand- it turned out that IP- mi^ht a- \\e'l have eon-i^ned them t . t!i.- tlame- ; for the -A,,;-,! ,,f -n,-h ni'-n i- nothing \\ ln-n thev think t heir . r ain- ai'e in vo! \ed : t n< - letter- ne\ i-r -aw tip- li_'hl. Alter month- o( < \|M |-;eiiee atnon^ t hem I }>.-. Living-tone \\ a- eon > trained to p: on MM nee ( j \\\ a di n o! tin- wur-t -lave trader-, ompared \\ilh whom tho-- IP- had li-'-n uiih in I riin-ju and Ilaua \vi-re ^i-ntlenien. I in\ \\erc tin- ri\ a!- "t the | *oi t njii' - in ei iii-lt \' and IIP an IP --. " I ip-n iiii-un---, IP -a\ -, " -,\ a- no: a t radc 1m: a v-ti-m if cmi-ecul i\ e i-nrdi-r- ; i j|.-\ _'o to plnnd- r an I I. ':< I nap . \ i \ : radin_' t ri|> i- a I'-HlV.'. I lp-V \\ele e.illtill'l lllv eo;|i oet||i^ -o|l|C \ lllatloll- 111- v a ".': i of the t n!- nnpi "-, ,. !-. | \\ i; h 'jusi-. VARIOUS DIFFK-TLTIKS. 501 Prominent nmong the representatives of this nefarious chws was the very man of all on whom lie had been instructed to de- jM-nd, vi/.., Thani bin Suellim. This man had been a slave, and had fnm that degradation risen to freedom and influence; his eountenanee told unmistakably the meanness of his spirit ; he had a "disagreeable squint of the right eye, protruding teeth, averted lip-, and the light mi.xed-breed color; he was a type of the vicious African." The doctor had anxiously awaited his coinin" fro:n Unvanvcnibe, whence he arrived on the '2^\.\i of M;iv, l)rin ir intr with him two litfht hnxr^, for which he demanded * 7 O ~ ~ fourteen fathoms of cloth, although the carriage had been pre- paid at Zanzibar; and not sati.-lied with this extortion and additional presents, succeeded in stealing more, and in a .-hort time sent a demand for collee : when this was declined he found a bitter revenge in sending round a warning to all the t'jijians a ir ainst their rarryinjj letters for the traveller to the coast. O o Livingstone felt very anxious, as his strength returned, to explore the lake thoroughly, particularly was he eager to trace its northward course and examine the reported outlet in that direction; but his supplies were so reduced by the plundering of those who had been their custodians, and it was so manifest that the Arabs and their associates at I/jiji were bent on fleering him entirely, that he was compelled to give up the undertaking for the time. Hut, in the lace of all the disappointments and vexations and more serious discouragements, his purpose remained firm : he would not relint as their country was wilder and stranger than those section* where the ff O 30 r 0- RELIGlorSLY VILLAXOrs? eini.vr even -o lx>ld a inan to set out on Midi a juiiriicv attended only l>v the live or six voting int'ii who remained t" linn of iii- ul.l e.-et>n ; and reluctant as he wa> to de|end on -ueh an a_ r enev. lie wa- oMi^ed to emhraee the had arran^ietl tu make liis lirst jouniev into the i -inin try within a >hrt time. >eeurin^ eanoe- at I jiji, he went alon-^ the ea-tern >ide of thr lake to the mouth of Kali"_ r o riser, ju-t under the shadow of the loftv mountain which li-mU its name to the >tream. From tiii- point lie W;L- pulliil a- -ro the lake and joined Mohamad on Ka-eir_ r e i-iet. I\a-:ina, the elnet ot tin- i>land, had t:one to lijhi the ( Joina. After a \'<-w dav- delav, dnriiiL r which a relative ot' K:L-an_ r :i wa- eii_ r a_ r ed to act a- u r uide, and various arran_ r i-mi-nt- pcrfceted, t h< j \\ hole part v emliarki-d Irom l\a-en^e and -!'-pt that ni-jli!, th*' '_' pro-eented. Mohamad had kiil'-d a lanili in -aeriti>v to iiadrajee, and said hi- pravt-r- ni"-t d<-vou'lv, and tln-v \\eiv I'uily under way. Marching awav t'roin 1 air_ r anvika, thev cro-M-d lir-t the I ,o- vumlia. a river flouiirj; in!" the lake, then aero-- -e\-eral ot' it-, t riliutarie-, on aero-- a hillv region, ln-tween raii'_ r c- o!' moun- tain-, t" th'- Loliiimlia, uh:eh under a -nee. --i, >n o| name- tl"\\s \\ith t'irtilou- ei.iir-'- in!" tie- l.ualalia. far oil' in the liorthwot, li.-\<.nd r.aml.aiTe. The -p.-cial l"alitie- et.nld not \- fixed . \ |, '!v, l-eau-'- of the iiiKieeoimtalile -nperalinii' lance o) name-. ( '-.niit !-- -mall ri ver- ro--e, | t h-'ir pa! h a- thev advaiieetl. I he .vln.le .,!" AiiL'U-t and t\\ent\- da\-of S.-pteinl'-r were oeeupitil in r- -aelnn..' 1'amliarri-, \\hich until lli-n had leeii the limit ot .I'll !le A i i'i ! r. i v- !-. Tii--\ ii.id er..--. d man v I H -anti fill \ alle\ - id 1 -p!' :i'i;'l I'.r- -t- of maje-tie tree-, and had -een -neh -p<- i- m. :i- of t-.i--.iva a- tii--\ hi I hardlv dream-'ity their igno- rance of such strangers as thev saw traversing their field- and valleys. The paths along which they walked had the appearance of having been used for ages, and many of the gigantic tree* rivalled in magnitude those monsters of the west which the doctor had declared, years before, that he would put against a dozen Hood-. The Arabs had shown themselves expert hunters, and over and over thev provided for the doctor the choicest parts of the lordly elephants which seemed waiting on everv side the hunter's aim. It is hardly possible for one inexperienced in African travel to realize the wild ness and the hardship, the charm and weariness of such a jotirnev. From the -}<\ of August to the 21st of September they had travelled onlv about one hun- dred and forty miles. But the doctor's strength had increased as he advanced, and ho found himself much more vigorous when he arrived at Bambarre than he had been for a lonj; time. They were now quite in the heart of Manytiema, among a people farther removed from civilization than any he had visited, compared with whom indeed all the tribes which he had visited formerly might be called civili/ed thorough savages, on whom not one ray or remote reflection of Christianity had ever fallen a people of' whom strange stories had been told, who!'< j. In this eeremonv a small inci- sion w;is niaili- in the forearm of each pcr-on, from which blood was taken, and mi\d, in tin 1 mid-t of declarations of uixlving friend-hip. Moeiu 'iiilia-j-^ -aid, " Your jM-ople must not steal, \vc never ilo." " No -tea'iii'j of fowls or men," said Moenetn- >]. " < '::'eh the thief and l>riir_r liini to me ; one who steals a per-oa i- a pi_r." said Mohamad, and -o the compact was made. Hut it eotild hardly IH> in the po\\vr of a few word- or drop* of I!O.M! to eoinpo-e the anxietie- of a people so ignorant and i-olated, in th" pr<~--ii' < of tho M - \\-lio seemed (o them to have dropped ani"i]^ them from some other world. And the Ix'arini; of the Arah par'v, nowhere distinguished for anv -penal n-pird li>r t!i<-ir ei.vc'.ian:- 1 . \\;s- not caleiilatfd to inei'i-a-e the eonjideiiee \vlli'-!| \V"l!!d lit l'r-t have li'-e|) >!o',\lv fil'llle'l. 'J'| 1( . -laVe- aiii"ii^ them \'i rv -non l>^an their liu'ht-liiij- r< -d attention- to the prnpertv "f tli'-ir 1 1- 'i'jli 1 (or-, and them-dv( -, in turn. l>eea:ne more and more the vi'-tim- of a terror. f:ir wor-e than appri-hen- -ion- .it' lu-iir/ a l'"\\ ! or eluth ; thev h:nd miieh of the ni;u). eat iri'j pfopen-it ;e~ of the M an \' MI ma. Aeeiirdiirj to hi- <-ii-tom. I>r. Living-tone had a h'''!-e put up for him-elt at I'amharre. The native huts, though huilt -iniai'e, wen- verv low. with verv !o\v dor\va\'-, hut, unlike main' of the tnl>e- nearer the coa-t, the III'MI a--'ltl)e tile lalior ot' efeet ; I ! _' til' - I 1 ."!!)' -, alld the ehlej lalior of the li. !!-.; e\jM-etin^ their woni'-n to ilo their part in keejuir_ r them -npji];e.l \\ith \\ater and fuel. Ainon^ the-e rude lirirharian-, no\v and ffie;) th -r<- appeared nolilei 1 -peeimen t who-.- nii!id- -e nied en'j:!'j-ed \\ith Braver proli'cin- than ih'- ijU'-tion- o| pre-ent eoinfort which -< , m, d to al-orli the!' fellows. I \vo fine vo'iti-j men erinie to \-j- ; t the .!('..;. and afii r vari- >u- - ('! -'"!- a'-oMt III- eon nt r \ , a-!.- <1 him \\ h- ' her |>eop]e di<-\- l:a\ . mind '.viiit.n/ lor t!:.- -torv ". hi'l: - man-. . in the ).; -j-jht IM-- of :!. h-li f , ! -pi-e ".' It \\ a- -oni.i.'. fill, ill'lee.1, to -ee the timid v their confidence create destroyers of agencies mo>t impotent for that is a destroyer which disappoints us in the hour of trial. Dr. Livingstone found a large Ut'tle hanging IK- fore an id(l in a house of a deserted and burned vil- la"v. The truardian remained amidst the ruins which it could r~* Jr" 1 not prevent, like a mocker of man's foolish faith. Among the unfamiliar customs of these isolated people, there was one rite which seemed to link them with other lands and ages. Circumcision was found to be commonly observed. It is performed on the voting, and unlike other African tribes who have it, the Manyuema speak of it openly, and attend it with gr'-at formalities and feasting. Was there a time far in the past, when these people, so benighted now, held intercourse with the chosen race? Is this singular rite a single hint of privileges enjoyed loni;, long ago? Is it the last trace of a knowledge for- feited by some enormity of guilt ? How is it that this particular rite is observed and honored in the verv heart of African heathendom ? Another familiar sight was afforded the doctor in Bambarre, which he did not need to wonder about a moment a sight which long ago had been stereotyped before him, bv the most pointed lesson : those dreadful u Liliputian monsters," a regi- ment of soldier ants, marched deliberately' -into his quarters one morning, without warning or invitation, and took up their quarters. The doctor submitted meekly, but another day there came a detachment of Sirufu, known as driver ants, and laid siege to the partv so smiglv housed. A pitched buttle ensued, which left the drivers in possession : ju~t like it is among men nation succeeds nation. I>ut the, and Ijeur them a\\av to their hut.- in epicurean delight. The eountrv all ahoiit Bamharre wa- alive with splendid ^ame, and there were ample opjMrtunitie> during the days of re-t to astonish the native-, hv the displav of the marvellous powers of hall and |K)\vder. The natives were ama/ed hv the 1:1111-. Their own jMii.-oned armws were weapons not to U- despised, hut tin- sii;ht of^uns the loud report, the eru.-hin^ force of the hall, the tla-h- HILT ot the powder, were to them the climax of the mvsteriou.s and awful. The hup' animal.-, however, of the ton*st. though as much terrified, were in their deeper ignorance not more re- sjw-tful than thev -hoiild he, even though ^ r nii- were ahotit ; llie hunter in an African forest can never he too much impresMil with the importance of con-tant vigilance. It i- no uncommon tiling for the unu'arv or the inexperienced to find thcm-elve- -uddenlv ehariri-d hv the infuriated nic'ii-ter- wlii-'h thi-v havi- venture* I to in-ult la^ an elephant 'ir l\\n." The nativ---, arra\'ed, t" their delight, in "Id .-hirls. were -ent ahead it{iiip|M'd with nni-ket-, to tind the ^aine ; hardly had thev di-- upp'-are-r- otiicklv followed hv a tremendous c-nt-hin^ "t tree- and hru-hwiMMl and th- dreudt'ul, unmi-takahle truni|M-t-like -creaiu- inj-, and hack the men came followed l>v three or I'mir huire e!. -phant- in turn'ii- pur-nit. '1 he fleet lmil>- "I the men were ot' [ r avail ; the mon-tcr- da>hed over them in a nn>mcnt, kin'k :ii-_ f t!i''!u ri/ht and left a- th'-v pa--ed, and went rii-hin^ auav int'. lie- dft-jH-r Ji.re-t-. Klephaiit.^ arc elephant- everywhere, niid are th<- \iitim- ol' -kill and i-aiition more than of' the fi. rv >oi;:.i ' '.-. hi'-h in our tancie- \\ e .-itmeiiinc- dream ot matching a r aiii-i '.'. i id 1" i-t-. 1 h<- Manviiema greatly admired tln-'-a-c >\ .t h v. !ii' h tie -! ra !r_'i i^- mad'- t hcin-cl ves ma-ter of t ||,-~e ^M'dit p; / . I'IM! -ii' - h i mplovment, though it > nt I'taiin d the nati\e- t | M.' .; ! \ i |> D' I t !i. to; I and e\ p-n-i- at \% Inch Mohamad had < HIM' UNSATISFACTORY. >''/ to their country, while they exhibited such unwillingness t<> trade. He had heard that the Maiiyuerna were anxious for slaves, and had brought threat numbers, but found that the re- ports had been unfounded ; and the conduct of a trader, named Dngumhe Hassani, who only a short time before had come this far and indulged in great barbarities, under pretence of biiving ivory, had excited a prejudice against the Arab guide, wiiieii threatened constantly to break out in open revenge. Dr Livingstone had no desire to sit down in Barnbarre, while the Lualaba was flowing so near him. And Mohamad was restless, while his slaves were eating their heads oft". Both were eager tor action. CHAI'TKIi XXVIII. MANY1KMA. Many iii-ina < -.untr\ - Tin- r.ir.unoiint ('liicf In,- I'.-..|,i,- ||i.i.|.-n Yill.ii:,-> i uri -iiy .! Viil.u'ir* \'.\ il lalhi.-nc,- i-t' 'Ir.i'lrr- I'r.-ju'ho-.-, Ar"U..,i - I;, tun. I- r..i:n''..irrv I'jiji 11 1 /<- Jl< .i:!n -I f ,'nnf l.ivuij-l<'lu-'> '.iu- | .it,. "ii Si-t ,.iit lYi-iii l..mil':irr- Si-ri'ii'l Tiim- Aji]x-iiraiirr of < ..uiiiry llui> iuTr-.i I '.! |.l. i.ii '1 'r.i| K! Is 1 i-ii.i- < iii,ni|,rrs,-tii l.nxi- Ni 1\ \|;irri< 1 ( nii|ilc I >ri .I'll '!, > :i:r. )- 1'niiils 1 1 .i.|>ii. i! i i \ l'piii>i<-"t" I.--it: . . I r i !. i-' r..iri..ir.ti--- I >:. .I>!M! \I 'ir M. r- K.it..in:i > tainji !>. . rN- i I'S 1 '"'.':'' \ Nur-iii.- l'i-h \li-.-:.i;i- l.:\ ::./-t-iii '- Ili-sulutinti < lrim:i, >u-i .iirl li.ir'lin-r A M:il) kii:.-l M.. - M..!,. in. .1.1 i;..ji..ini. A.N.V, MHi.-ti. .n i.-.ij.|. .iniux-nt i;.- tur:i '. lliini ; ..irr. I... a- M.-kn.- \Ian_Mi.-ni.i I >r . ...il^l r.nniili.iN III... .it- thir.ts I, !i.-lit in M'ir.l.r /'.- >,,',,->, ,k. . llm.l >,.... .u. I I ..-.|..Ar.i >..,... ;ia-l I.i-a ' >..'KM i- :i \I.in" IHIJ..UI.-H.-.- I '. -(-.ij.!.-!!, y l|..|.- 1:,- s.s.-i \|fii ,iii>l I.i-iii-r Arrive frmii /.iii/il'iir Ni- I 'jflii-uln. 'l'r.>ulil<- u iih N. u M... Au-.tli. r M.irl ( ..n-.-i.-i,,--- i-ur Hi, I'L.n Hi, l,.u.-i.u- A ^'..iirij' "'.. ''a N.-u r in rs N'lll.i^.- 1 l.i|.|>iin > - Tn.iU II..' l.u.u.i..i .it I^-t. |-'i:i:i.i s< . hini-rlt' a- \\cll n-tt-d a- lie cniild hope \ lie, I>r. I^iviii^-tuni' \\a- nalnrallv nnpatu lit to }>< alxuit the work \\ hieh la\' li.-t'.ii-i- him; I'lit it \\otiM lie an intlietion i.l' iiiuiee>*:irv \\--ariii- -- "ii the i -i -ail.-r i!' we -hotihl lead him. ,-tep I >v -!.-p, \\ it h tip- _'! -at traveller, det;:iiiiii^ him uhei-ethe h-T.. \\a- iletained and < ":n|" !iin_ r hiiu to ti'aver<- over and ov< r the -aine ^n>inul, a- tii.- a--t'>r >!' tie- -tury \\a- olil;._'.-d to do. It ~h..ii!d 1>.- (...rn^ in mind t hal all t In- ineid* ut - in t h' - event till \.ar- \\ iv \\ it Inn a eii-i ' o| hardlv out- hundred mi!--- diameter a ui!d moiin- tall.'-H- dl-tll'-t. Ililialni'd If.' people \\lin ae! v l|o\\ ledi^eil Ho p.ll'.illi..llllt ehii-l', hlllidl'i-il- i.t' ind' [Mlid- lit \ ill. !_'.-. lt\\'e|| \> hi hii it 1 1 1 ' -\ u i pat h\ or nit' r inir-e e\i-ti d. \\ In r<- r\ i-rv in in'- h.nid \'. a- a_'aiti-1 hi- ii'ijhl'-ir. 'I'll'' ci'-at ol.'^et svlnih l.i.l diavsn I >;. I .i\'in-j-toiii- ih. r> \\ a- tip- riV'T \\lneli t!"\\.d .! Hi/, a- 1 1- k in '.\ . -"Hi' s\ hi 1 1- "ii t h. \\ > -Ii rn hordi-r "! tin-. n..j:ili\, a:. -I .t v.a- n- < < --arv I" pa-- through tin - \sild- in MANYLKMA COUNTRY. f,(X) order tliat lie might continue hLs explorations til' thai river, which In- had already traced from its source near Lake Liemba through the IJungweolo and I^akc Moero, and which lie. hoped to demonstrate to be the real Nile. Such was the goal toward which he was straining every nerve, for which lie was enduring all things. His first journey through the country was a short detour from Bum bar re, made in November, 1S7<). Attended by his own men and a party of Mohamad's followers, he set out westward in hope of reaching the Lualaba and purchasing a canoe ilir its exploration. This *hort trip revealed much splendid j-eencrv and gave him some insight into the characters and cu.-toms of the people. lie describes the country as ".surpassingly beauti- ful,'' and the villages perched along the ere.-ts of the loftv hills and mountains were pictures of neatness and comfort. Much forethought as well as taste had been displayed in the arrange- ment of these villages. The streets were generally ca.-t and west, that the warm sun-nivs might stream down them with unbroken power, licking up quickly the moisture. The dwell- ings were generally in a line, and at each end of the street there were public meeting-houses. The houses were square, with low roofs, most artfully thatched with a leaf resembling the banana, probably a species of the euphorbia. Within these humble abodes were clean and comfortable and testified to the attentions of industrious housewives. And what was a verv pleasing feature of them they had never known the pre.-emv of the abominable bugs, which are to be found only where the lilthv slaves of the Arabs have been. In each of these homes the eve is arrested by numbers of earthen pots hung by neat cord- swinging tres.-els to the ceiling, and large quantities of firewood neatly arranged by the provident matrons. The tops of the loftv hills ami mountain crots were adorned with magnificent palm fore.-ts waving gracefully in e\vrv bive/e, and saluting each other across intervening forests of ^i^antii 1 trees, about which most vigorous climbing vines twine them- selves, reaching from branch to branch and dropping here and there in graceful festoons and forming fantastic arches every- where, beneath which various wild fruit trees grew, feasting with their wealth multitudes of monkevs and bird-. The country 51C STKANGK rHAUAlTKRS. was charming, but every day revealed darker shades in the characters of tin- jn-oplc ; deeper degradation had never eon- fronted I>r. Livingstone, though no man had seen so much of Africa a- he. Kverv village seemed to IK- cfetrangwl from all the re>t by -ome deadly feud, ami every man needed to prottvt his life. Their eharaeters al>ounded in .-trance contradictions ; eonspicu- ;>u-ly honc.-t and -iwvre, they were al>solutely distrustful; with unquestionable kindness thev joined horrid blood thirsti ness. Thi- indeed -cemed to be their one great blemi-h ; industrious, tenijM-nite, hand.-omc, honest and eleanlv, thev found delight in killing; and though the charitable traveller was .-low to believe the reports which were floating about on everv bn-ath of their cannibal projyensities, he was destineof it. The pn-ttv village-, M> full of golden .-unshine, so com- fortable and neat, were all entirely isolated ; there \\a> no cmu- luunietition between them; the man from one who ventured to another forfeited his ln-ad without judge or jurv. Manvofthoe village^ were almost entirely concealed; >o thoroughly had the wf>rk lx-<'ii done that a traveller ignorant of the country might eu-ilv pass within a lew yartls of them without Ix'ing aware of their proximitv. '1 he mo~t -t-riou- annovance e\perience the ordeal of fret* m-p'-ct ion \\liieh everv -tran^'f mu.-t submit to in African vil- la/'--, ! wa- intoleniblv boi-ed bv the iiueea-iiii; -tare of' men and uotiieii, who lint to iiiilnL'e their curio-itv. J'.nt \\heu he came into the di-- t ri'-t- u hi'-h had been \i-it.-d bv Hii/iimbe 1 laan i'- band- then 11 rra- _-raV' r froiibli-. lln- iiinn had ventured a- tar a- I'am- burre, a- \-. e ha\'i- -'.n.aii'l gathentl immeii-' 1 i plant it \> - >l ivorv in-! b-.'o|e 1 .1 vnrj'-totii 1 and Mohamad I'm-jharib came into the oi i nt i y ; h \\ .1- t||, In -I -it 1 he 1 1 ad- I -, all' I though he had pdie- tra!',| ,,nl', -., -ii.iit a 'li-ran-'e hi- brutal conduct had enraged tli-- 'Aim!'- p"piilal i'n, and \\\<-\ uniild extend i\ ho-pitalitv nor b-,! n t.. o!l- i - >! trad--, imi m-i-t'-d on tip- -Irani;' r- U"inL' a\\av. MOHAMAD lUXiHAKIB. T)H Xo violence, however, was offered, and great caution Helmed to U; exercised bv tlie head men of the villages to avoid any eol- li.-ion with the travellers. They were in great terror of gun-, and seemed to feel that their lives only were sought and that all the questions about ivorv wen; onlv a blind Used to secure an ad vantage of them. During this journey the doetor came withjn ten miles of the confluence of the Lnama and the Lualaba, but it was impossible to find anv one who would sell him a canoe, or anv other attentions which might induce them to remain in the country. He returned to Bambarre on the 10th, and found that while he was away a large herd of I'jijians had come there eager for the ivory, rumors of which had already spread through the countrv and produced great excitement. Thus in the verv initiation of tin's new expedition he found himself again sur- rounded bv the disadvantages which would inevitably result, from the presence of the most vicious characters the world can produce. Mohamad, though a trader buying ivory and .-laves, belonged to a better class of men, and while, if circumstances had permitted, Dr. Livingstone would have preferred other company, he was kind, and too respectful of the views and interests of his companion to indulge in such a line of policy a.- would seriouslv incommode him if it could be ea.-ilv avoided, and withal conducted his business with more of the spirit of the traders who had escorted the doctor through the countrv of Nsama. The Ij'.U company had live hundred guns, and were anxious to have Mohamad accompany them ; he declined doing so and waited for Dr. Livingstone's return. When thev wen; together again, Livingstone tried hard to LC''t his friend to abandon the slaving part of his business, but it was no easv matter to work so great a change in the views and conduct of one so long accustomed to the finding of' hi- revenues in that unholy traffic ; though it cannot be doubted that he learned moderation, and caught something of' the spirit of' kindness which pervaded all the action- of the ( 'hrie-, to trap- for the coininon- plaee work of -ecnring game. Huge elepliant trap- were .-ecu in manv places, not unlike tho-e de-cnbed a- in u-c m the -oiith. 'I he coiintrv \\a- teeming with people and multitude- of h.dden villages, which \\ ere approached along the beil- of rivulets that no toot-mark might betrav them to an enemv. No higher law than lorcc had been dreamed of; (he idea of confederation had never penetrated their gloom ; a- manv independent -tate- :L- then- were villa.."-- crowded t hat -mall area, and blood that cri-'d !'>r VeiiL" aiice -ci-nii d to divide and i-olate them all. The men VM-IV al\\av- around, and ru-hed about them eoiitinuallv, Iw-arm ' le-a\ v wooi|i-n .-liield-. Bui tenderer iia.--ion- e\i-tcd I to. , ; eliiMi ,-n plavi-d a- innocent I v a- an v where, ami lo\-e. oinm- pf - I,! !o\ ,-, for < |"H| i- 1-iVe, -hed a 1 i _' ! 1 1 (vilicll. t liollgil it cullld liot i. Vi 1',.0'A . r til-' dark lie-- of t he deep depravif V, did -"t'tell (lie _'!nnm a little. In one place thev -aw a newlv-maiTied c..iij'li % land in-.' ! '\ t h- w a v, their arm- around each ot her lovm^lv, and it. 1 -"!-, m- !.' d th'-m lor their love a.- more enlightened people 1 1 1 i _' i / 1 1 1 i \ i d i I n . T!,- inarh!ie_' v. a- v<-rv difli'Milt; the fall t r ra-- and den-e Ve_" ' |1 I, ,l|. eVe|| 'A ! I ' M the f.lMl- -ll-pl-lldn I , III tliril Illlpeiled th' :r p: "/:-- and dcii'li'd them \rith their dripj>in_' leave.-. (illKAT SfFFKIUNGS. SH Dr. Livingstone soon found lii.s strength failing again, ami !*- came the prey of a most trying disease; Ixwiden frequent fevers lie was attacked with severe choleraic purging. He had no medicine; Mohamad had opium, hut that had no cll'ect. Some relief was found in boiling the water which lie n-ed, but he stru^led on in great weakness. Mohamad, too, suffered. 'I he. incessant wetting brought on rheumatism, and the whole party eom|>laine woman's otliiv to pn>'rvc longest and truest tho-e primeval irnpnl-c> \vhii-h redeem oisr fallen state from absolute sorrow, nnd to catch mo-t n-adilv ihc tenderer inspirations of nature, which restrain our evil pas-ion- like the will of I>eity. Living- stone would not liaveln-en himself if he had iailet res|H>nses tt> the mandate-; ot iM-nevoleiuv. The prejudicf-s ot the villagers, which were now iM^xuninij >-o annoviirj a'_ r an>, were owin^ tt I jijians who were mentioned ;i^ pa in^ lianibarri' -ome tune lw|..iv. '1 he traders had |MVOIIH> t!ie one -orrn\\ of 1 >r. Living-totie'.s life, as thev were the ^r at ciir-c >i the native-. Having followed the f'himuncmnne hill- westward, arid mad-- a cin-mt nt the hu!d r liininango hills in the nei^liboi-h trader- and th'-ir -lave band-, who had rushed like \ ultiii'' - to the can-a-s n the v.oii'l. rt'nl re|i"i't- \\hich had rea-'hed tli-in. Alivadv lii>- \M)ri. 'ni'd t" be threatened \\ith in> vitable failure; the atro< iti-- .i' lip- band- l -!a\e -nlilit r- and -ervant-, t" \\hoin the \r.-.b- ...iinnifti-.l tli-- work of ,-, ,!!e,-j in-/ their 1 |i , had MI Miraj'd ?h' Man\nenia that it \\a-at tin n-k t a man'- lit-- to at'-iiipt th -!i-.rt-t join ;i- v e\. , pt uitha-troti^ liij-ec of anii'd m- n. And '.hi!' h-- '1'uUl not -eparate luni-e]t from CHt'M.UI AXD sl>l. rill'MA, KUSI AND (iAKDNKIC. .')17 tlioin, it was very manifest that the trawlers were unwilling to have one whom they considered a spy taking notes of their actions. Kvery day there came fresh reports ol' murders; now twenty killed, another day forty, and again ten, on most trilling pretences. In the midst ol' it all his own followers, the Johanna men, all hut three, li>rsook him ; and of his old com- pany only ('linma, Snsi and Gardner remained to him. While lie had remained at the camp of Katomha, trvinir '" retrain his strength, Mohamad had gone awav alter ivorv, and he was left with his own little hand; these were now onlv three, hut \\ith them we find this wonderful man, the Ia.-t of .June., 1S70, again setting his face northwest, when he was really hardly ahle to walk. We hardly know which to admire mo-t, the courage and perseverance of the explorer, or the faithfulness, of those three young men, who, resisting all the temptation- of gain, offered by association with the Arabs, and facing all tin- perils of the enraged people wh. they were now convinced were really man-eaters, marched bravely with him. This was only a short journey. The people were civil for fear, and frequently offered food, though thev did not hesitate tu sav that they onlv allowed the stranger to live because thev feared the guns. As an illustration of the dreadful outrages which they were suffering, Living-tone passed through eleven villages burned about one string of beads. I>e.-ide the evils invariably attending the foravs of these traders, the peculiar con- dition of the Manvuema gave rise to innumerable barbarities which would not have occurred in other countries. \\ e have re- marked the singular isolation of the village-, and the bitter feud- existing bet we* n them; the foolish head menofthe.-e vil- lages took advantage of the presence of the-e marauders and often hired bands of them, bv gifts of goat- and ivory, to d'-ti'ov the village of their enemies ; so that thev were in their blindness paving for the verv desolations which so incensed them, paying the Arabs to do that which they hated them >o bitterly for. Surrounded bv such gigantic evils an ordinary man would have hardly been able to think of the rivulet-, and plant-, and insects, and animals, or notice the little peculiarities; but this man had an eye for everything, and it was not in the power of 518 A SINKING FROO. anything which left him life to prevent him throwing lij^ht for the world on all that he w;i.- |M'rmitted to set'. In tin- midst of a drenching rain, thoroughly jerplc.\ed and broken down, he sat and watched the antic* of a tinv fi.>'_ r which leajKil on a gra.-.v leaf in front of him, and >an-j for imn a verv -ueet tune, us clearlv and loudly a< a l>ird could have done; and all his fatigue could not repro.- the interest he felt in the ludicrous problem which otvurrixl to him: ''How can so much music come out of' .o -mall a musician?" Another >in^ular cn-.iture came under hi- notice :i large fi-h. which a-toni-hed him with loud cries, and more Mill l>y the exhibition of l>rea-t< lull of milk with which -he nourished her young; and lengthening the li>t of wonders, an elephant with three tu-k-, one of which ua- j>l:inted finnlv on hi- |>rol>o-<-i-. ]>ut he \v;is not onlv dejx-ndcnt on tli<--c lower ordei> lor -onie- thin.: to l)rc:ik the force of the trial- whicli ojpre>-ed him the jM-ojilc MMin learned to di-tin^ni-h him from tho--.- with whom In- \va- a--ociuted, and -cemcd i_dad to jilea.-e him iVmn other rea-on- than fear. At one village he \\a- entertaim d l>y mu-i'-ian- who brought their " ealalnt-he-, having hoi.- in tin in, flute i:i-hion," and di-jilaved 1> 1'oiv him their attainment- i;i drum-lf aiinir and irrote-ijue acting. Put he could not lo-e M'_ r !it ot' the perilous lili' he \va- leading. ( )ne ni^ht, not far from In- -1' e|nn_ r -pluce, -'line one entered a camp of sleeping Aral-- and pimi'-d one of their nuniKer to the ground with a -pear. \\ e can -ee, perhaps, more ch-arlv than he -aw it, that it was a kind providence which liron/ht him into the path ot Mohamad l'-ti.:-e li.- had :idv:tnci-i] manv da\ -. I''rm the-e men, \\lio had li n a eon-iderahli' di-tanee nurth. In- learned that the Lualalia could ii^: ! -'-en in that direct;. .n. Hew-tiM lieolili^.d t.. t i::i -o'l'ir.v^-f a_ r i;n t r-a.-h it. He knew verv well that he v ^o far that wav, uniler the circiim-tanco, .\\.-r-, and lil:ii-.-it' dn-adfullv atlli- te^l \\itli n- ti'.i|l>!e \\a- .-lie v,liiaek and \\ith ^reat difli IIOltlUULK CAN MBA I. ISM. lie was no\v utterly helpless; the sores on his feet had l>e- eome irritable, eating ulcers; "if the foot was put on the ground there was immediately a discharge of bloody ichor, and the same discharge occurred every night, attended with great pain. This dreadful atlliction is common in all the slave- eamps, and the cries of the sufferer are a nightly sound." Kn- tirelv tlcprived of medicine he was dependent on such remedies as could he furnished by Mohamad, who continued a .steadfast friend. Ki'ditv davs he was confined to his hut not able to take r^ . * a step, and months alter his sores began healing he was still obliged to remain in Hambarre. lint he was not idle; the time was improved in picking up knowledge of the customs of the people and the fiico of the country, which, while not >osati-- lactorv to him, was some eompensation for the long confinement. There could be no longer any doubt about the varictv of the stories, concerning the cannibal propensities of the people of Manyuema; instance after instance came to his ears, and over and over for himself he saw unmistakable evidences of their barbarity. The people of other districts seemed only to eat those men taken in battle, and the idea of' revenge seemed to be prominent in their minds in doing so, but in Bambarre it w;is clearly the depravity of taste: the people were eager for human fle.^h, and Mohamad was obliged to threaten them with whole- sale slaughter to prevent their digging up the dead bodies of his men who died. They themselves have no graves: their dead are eaten. The skull only of the great chief Moenekus.s was pre- served; his bodv was eaten and even the flesh from the skull, which had been carefully scraped. Th'-se hoi-rid creature-, horrid in this single disgusting appetite, would as-emble in crowds about the village where an execution was to take place, like ravenous wolves. lie had found rumors all through the south of a dreadful tribe of man-eaters in the northwest, and had counted them fables; but here lie was in the mid-t of that verv tribe, talking with their., receiving kindnesses at their hand-, reallv admiring them on some accounts, struck wi;h their beautv and svmmetrv, and often touched with little exhi- bitions of tenderness displayed bv them. He could hanllv be- lieve his own senses. It seemed so unreasonable that people with so many attractive traits should be the most barbarous 31 . r 20 \ IM:I:MH M ON MIKDKK. of all iiu-ii ; I'tit tlit-v did not try to coiKfnl their craving for liutiian lo li-, and \\.n- iii)i}Uistional)ly tin- mo-t bioodthirstv |Kiple In: had eViT -cell ; other IlieU \VOlllll kill ill War or ill an^er, th~e would kill li>r pleasure 1 . A ;_ r ioup inav l>e -ecu : one flep- forward a:il put.- a -carlet feat in r on the Around, ami elialli nu'e- llio-- ni-ar to -tick it in tin- hair ; the man who accepts thi- clialli-n^i 1 mu-i kill a man, t< !>< entitled to \\ ar the M-ar!et !--at!nT. There i- aimther eii-!oni \vhieh t'orliid- anv one to \\e;ir the .-kin ot' the niii-lveat mile-- h<- ha- murdered -omehodv. It v. a.- verv i-lear that thev \vould take ^n-at |>lea-nre in killing e\'<-rv itors. I >r. Livinn-tonr had tried vaiulv to check the cruelties of the trader-, and various report-, which n ached him from time to timr, couviueeil him that -"!!!. of them wen- lie_'i nnin_ r to .- -e I he \\ i -don i of hi- advice. The Maiiviietna \\viv not Imi^ in finding out that '_MIM- lnl not alwav- kill, and with e\--i-\- di-coverv ot that .-or; their own \\ ea| mi i- !'"-' in th ir apjp -elation, and thev tV rjUcntlv ventured to JM-II I.i'i'.'-, -omrt iiii<-- \\nh con-idcra!'!c lo-- to the trader-. 'I'h!- add'l I" tie- tact that their mnrdcroii- poiicv nallv l:iileil ;.. pro -lire tor ih-in tin- covcti-d ivorv. it \va- eanie-tlv hojM-d v. r.'i'd produce a change i;i the conduct of the trailer-. Thi- ' .;- not reaii/'il, houevcr, while it wa- in I >r. Livin;_:-tonr'- . in i r to profit I '\' it. Nc\t. prolial-1 V. to the pi ojile tliein-clve-i, the lilo-t ill! i rc-tillLT ol'j.ci \\ !i;.-h came under thenntieeof IJviu^-toue at thi- time .'. i- an animal P -emliliu^ tin- LT"l'illa. '1 hc-e -trance crcaturc- ;',nd ih' ir i -hoi.-c haunt- in the tall -troii'/ -jra'--, which we have :! 11! i-i!ied a- u-urpm^ r -i promptly c\'er\' -ijuare font ot ^nniiid l.iim-d iV'-rn the fuv-t-. Th-v oft. n -jo ep-et, \\ilh their a .-I a : lop- unattractive -pceimcn of animal lite cannot he f >:i::d. Tie- doc'nr \\a- tirmlv conviii't'd that one ot the-e m !i\ idiia! \\oii'.'l do admira''!v -tandinj' f>r a picture ..(' the -! . '. !. I! i- d i :!- d a- ha\ iie.r the m,,-! di-L r u-tinj' he-tialitv i ' a j >; .1 :.:;' . I ... mj-tone, -j > :\ 1 m_ r ot him, -a v- : " Hi- li^ht \ - !! c.v !ae.- -ho". - o;V hi- n.;l v \'. In -!.;-; hi- f n'ch- ad, \- illation- lv l'c.\, \\ith h'_'h . ir-, i- well in t!ie liaeU^rouni] of the ejreat THE KOKO. 521 dog-mouth ; thf teeth :uv slightly human, hut the canines show (he hea-t by tlit-ir large development. The hands, or rather the finder-, are like those of the native-. The flesh of the feet i- yellow, and the eagerness with which the Manyuema devour it leaves the impression that eating n>kos was the first sta^e hv which they arrived at being eannibals; they sav the flc.-h i^ delicious. Tin; soko is represented to be extremely knowing, successfully stalking men and we !) while at their work, kid- napping children, and running up trees with them he seems to l>e amused by the sight of the young native in his arms, but comes down when tempted by a bunch of bananas, and as he lifts that, drops the- child : the young soko in such a case would cling closely to the armpit of the elder. One man was cutting out honey from a tree, and naked, when a soko suddenly ap- peared and caught him, then let him go: another man was hunting, and missed in his attempt to stab a soko: it sei/.ed the spear and broke it, then grappled with the man, who called to his companions, "Soko has caught me," the soko bit off the ends of his fingers and escaped unharmed. Both men are now alive at Bambarre. " The soko is so cunning, and has such sharp eyes, that no one can stalk him in front without being seen, hence, when .-hot. it i- alwavs in the back ; when surrounded hv men and net-, he i 1 ^ generallv speared in the back too. Otherwise he is not a verv formidable beast : he is nothing, as compared in power of dam- a^iiiLC his assailant, to a leopard or lion, but is more like a man unarmed, for it does not occur to him to use his canine teeth, which arc long and formidable. Numbers of them come down in the forest, within a hundred vards of' our camp, and would 9 he unknown but for giving tongue like fox-hounds : this i< their nearest approach to speech. A man hoeing was stalked bv a soko, and sei/ed ; he roared out, but the >oko giggled and grinned, and left him as it' he had done it in play. A child eaught up bv a soko is often abused bv being pinched and scratched, and let tall. One of these animal- is not unfre- (jucntlv known to kill leopards, by sei/ing both paws and biting them otV so as to disable them ; he then goe- up into a tree and groans over his wounds, and sometimes recovers while tin- leopard dies. At other time^ lie pays for life of the leopard 522 II A HITS OF THi: SOKO. with his own. !! find- a rougher customer in the lion; thi.-^ powerful animal i- more than a match for even the cunning of the soko, ami often not only kill- him but tears oil' his limlw in his furv. ' The -..kos have some singular customs, and are the objects of singular -ujK-r-titions ; thev collect together and make a drumming noi-e onie sav with hollow trees and then htir-t forth into loud veils. He s<-cms not to be particularly danger- oii-, and manifests no d\sj>osition to molest unarmed men or women. If he i- womided, he is satisfied with simply biting on" the tinker- of his assailant, and spitting them out ; he then slap- the cheek- of hi- victim, ami biting a few times without breaking the -kin; he then draws out the s|>car, and stud's leaves into the wound to staunch the blood. Thev eat no lle.-h, but are \ erv tng t he bank - of the ^-reat river. I? -<-emed hard that thev uho had at li- art onlv the rneatie-l obje<-t-, and found thir delight, ni"fe than anvthini; ! -e, in murder and plunder, \\ eut -o f Ve. l\- w he, e I !M\- plea- d ; A In'e lie. ' '!l_MIIL.r to -o|\'e t||e 'JTeat pfollletn of' ^o InailV ceht'I :;.-, and f:'!.-! -.\ifli |..ve f,,r t he-e p.. (> r degraded U-ing-, could .!'. -it and wait a- patieutlv a- |i"--ib|e. ||e coiiid not U< i (iRF.ATLV _ Ritisficd to alxmdcn his undertaking, lie felt confident that lu? held the key to the great mystery : how eould lie go back' before lie had unlocked it? And vet he knew verv well that the longer he was delayed the more difficult it would he to ac- complish his object. He had left t'jiji elated with the thought of being beyond the range of tin; miserable slaves; he had been overtaken and passed by them, and grieved to feel that science and civilization must be kicked about in their nobler mis>ion by such embodiments of meanest selfishness. But it had been so, and will be so until science and civili/ation are championed as they should be by their friends; until the hand of power sweeps the unhappy continent of the vicious representatives of the .-lave-trade. As the davs and weeks passed, he found le.-s and less satisfaction in recording the various bits of information which floated to him. lie had written to Dr. Kirk, and received no reply. Sometimes he felt that he would be obliged to give up, but it was like giving up life; he was willing to lay his life down, if he eould onlv secure success. At last there came news of men and means being on the way to him. lie became more hopeful then. His interest revived in everything ; the customs of the people 1 were an entertainment again. With the hope of being soon on the path again, he heard with great plea.-ure the experience of Mocnemokata, who had seen more of the Africans than most of the Arabs. It was the testimony of this man, "that it' a man would only go with a good-natured civil tongue, he could pa~s through the worst tribes unharmed," and the Manvuemail need not be an exception. He did not need to be told this, but he was glad to hear it as the experience of others. At la-t, earlv in February, 1X71, his men arrived. It was cheering to his wcarv heart that there were those anxious to aid him. lie now found that one great difliculty which had been in the wav of sending him assistance had been the dread- ful ravages of cholera along the coast and at Zan/ibar. This dreadful disease had followed the trading paths into the interior, where it became a dreadful scourge and swept away thou.-ands of people. The hopes which had revived at the coming of men were -ad!v disappointed in those who presented themselves. There were onlv ten, all of them slaves of the Banians, who are subjects of A <.,))!> CO.Vx'lEXrE. the British erown ; \>\i'. tln-v came \vitli a lie in their mouths. Tlu'v return to /an/il>ar. And l>nt tor the fear of pi-lol--hot aii, tlie\- would have -tieheme. After a Lireat deal ot' worrying, tin- Ih'th of February -aw thi.s MH'_ni!arlv patient auet\\een I >r. I .iviiiLr-'onr and the other strangers, and tin \ were partieulurlv 'jnitifn'd and a~ iinn-h ahed that he alwavs ili-.ilt ~o t'airlv \\ith th nh. r to the ri'_ r lit hand nor to the left, ihoii'jh mv route In- been tortiioii- enough. All the hard-hip, hunger, and tod were m>-t wnh the lull convietion that I \\a- ri'_dit in [M-r-everm-j to makf a eomplete work o( the exploration of' the -olir<'<-\\ L.'i\'en me to do. \\ln-th. r I -U -.-. , -d or \\hetlier I till. 1 h>- pl'o-p. '( o| d.ath III pur-Mill:; nhaf I knew to }* ri^ht did not make me \. i-|- to one -nle oi - theoth-t. I had a -troirj- pf.-. lit i lip lit dnrii!^ the fir-t thi'.-e \e;i'-- that I -holl!-. I mav -av, (,,r i!' I r--.i]!i| !i:in_' t', !i_'hi an\ thiicj t.-onlirni the -aer--d orai-Ii-, I M.ii'd not -iaid_'e one \\!iit all th. kal.,r - \ p- -nd'-d. I ha\e to _"> do-\ i) the <> Mtr.il I.ua'al'.-i o'- \\'. ii!i'- Lake rivr. tln-n up M, \\ . -' 1:1 or V-nn.:'- 1,-ike nvi-r to Katanga In ad \s at- i -, 3M-I h< n ! - t ; !' . I pi'av 'h.it U ina\ 1"- to mv i;:i!i\.- land." A YOUNG SOKO. 527 As lie extended his acquaintance with the Manyucma, he felt more ;i:id more that their great want wa.s national lift-. The isolation of their little village communities wax an unmitigated evil. The Arabs whom he met as IK; journeyed all seemed anxious to appear kind, and added to his store such little com- forts as they had. Out of the supplies which he had received Livingstone carefully refunded all that he had received from them during the davs of his dependence!. Katomba presented him with a young soko, which had l>een caught when it.- mother was killed. The account the doctor gives of this little creature, written while she was in their company, is exceedingly inteiv.-t- ing. I Ie .-avs : u She sits eighteen inches high, has fine long black hair all over, which was prettv so long as it was kept in order bv her dam. She is the least mischievous of all the monkey tribe I have seen, and seems to know that in me she has a friend, and sits (juicily on the mat beside me. In walking, the first thing observed is that she does not tread on the palms of her hand-, but on the backs of the second line of bom.- of the hand-: in doing this the nails do not touch the ground, nor do tin- knuckles; .-he uses the arms thus supported ertiteh-iii.-hion, and hitches herself along between them ; occasionally one hand i-> put down before the other, and alternates with the feet, or -he walks upright and holds up a hand to any one to carry her. It' refused, she turns her face down, and makes grimace- of the most bitter human weeping, wringing her hand.-, and sometimes adding a fourth hand or foot to make the appeal more touching. Grass or leaves she draws around her to make a ne-t, and re- sents anv one meddling with her propcrtv. She i- a mo-i friendlv little beast, and came up to me at once, making ln-r chirrup of welcome, smelling mv clothes and holding out 1:. r hand to be shaken. When she was bound, .-he began to ii'.itie the cord with tinkers and thumbs in ouite a -vstematic wav. -UK! :>n being interfered with by a man, looked daggers, and -T min- ing tried to beat him with her hands. She \\a- afraid of hi-; stick and facet 1 him, putting her back to me a- a fri- ml. She holds out her hand for people to take her up and carrv her, quite like a spoiled child ; then bnrst> into a pa.-.-ionate crv, somewhat like that of a kite, and wrings her hand.- -piite nutu- ,'>2$ A VILLAGE SCKNE. rally, as if in de-pair. She eats everything, covers herself with a mat to sleep, and wipe.- her face with a leaf, as naturally as one of us can with a handkerchief." He left Mamohela on the 1-t of March, his part v swelled somewhat l>v the addition of -even of the Arab's ix-ople 'oini II' on to bnv ivory. He wa- on new territory: his former trijw hail not extended farther wot than Mamohela ; now he wa.s destined to reach the Lnalaha. Thev advanced between ranges of mountain-, ero-.-inir innumerable rivulet-. The peo- ple were generally kind, and felt themselves fnllv remunerated bv a few -trin;:- j;a!lnT- round a lire, and, \\hile enjoN in^- tlm In-at needed in tln-eoM that alwav- aeriin panics the Jir-l dart- itr_r of tin- li'^hf or -nn'- rav- aero-- tin- atmo-phere. inhale the lelieioii- air, and talk over their little domestic al'liur-. The varion- -haped leave- of the fore-t all around their village and in-ar their nestlings are Ijespanglcd with mvriad- of dew, and -o two bud- an- killed with one -tom- 'I he beanlv of this morning -erne of' |icaeefnl enjovmenl i- inde-cribable. Infancy _'i!d- tin- f'airv pntnre with il- own Inn-, and it i- prohahlv ne\ er fin 'gotten, fir the \oini'_r, taken np from -laver-. and treited with all philanthropic mi mnarv -are and kiinlin---, -till r vei't to the peri,,. | of' infanev a- the fitn -t and fiiire-t thev have known. I ln-v \\onld gn baek to freedom and enjovmenl a- !a-t a> would our own -on- of tin -ml. and be lieedle to the hirm- of hard \\ork and im plav, whieh oiir bi-nevolenee -o r..nli!\ r....ji,i/.- a- IH-I f,,r tlnm. The terror of the A rabs ii't-l niieln-d -nine o! t In-.- \il ia_" -, and tin- people ||. d \\ln-n !.". heard that -t ranker- \\ < i'e approaehniLf, -niipo-i n-_ r it to be a i: Arab par'-. . Tin- farther he \\int tin- more horrible -!,,rie. THE HANKS OF THE M'ALAKA. 5_'!J of blood met him. Hassani was waging most malicious war everywhere lie. wont ; ho declared that ho did not begin hostili- ties, but falsehood scorns to be the peculiar accomplishment of the whole race. Hut there was trouble also in his own little camp. His Hainan slaves were bad enough alone, but thov were, worse after associating with the Arab slaves who had joined tho partv. Their rebellion began to show itself: thov became very insubordinate, and began their efforts of compulsion, which they would not hesitate to accomplish by anv possible agencv. Thus surrounded by difficulties, Livingstone reached Xy- angwo, on the banks of the Lualaba, the .'50th of March, 1H71, and found it a might v river, full three thousand yards broad, and always deep, and embracing many large; islands. Its deep banks were also very stoop. He had reached the river: we will sec now whether he roali/od the hopes which had sustained him in all his wearying journeys. NECKLACE MA1>K or HI MAX FIN(JKU I'.uNKS. CHAPTER XXIX. I-'oril MONTHS AT NYAMJWK. Tli* Lualaba Alx-'l an-l il:i>-:mi Tin- IVmjMT of the Trader* Livingstone's .Situation Tli-- 1 >itlt.-ti!ty Wriiiiii; Materials Nyaiu'W!- Markct-Wuim-n - (ill. in. 1 Y. ni n-.: Tli- Mark.-t S.-I-IH-. K.I-.TIM-S i'.. r ISart-r 1 ii'l. |.<'iiu.-n-.- ..f Woini'ii 1 1 n IliiMan Skull* CuniiilmliMli I >itli<-ultv of ^rltinir a ( anm- - Ivory Th<- IJ.iku--. A < liararl. ri-!u- Maii.i-u\ P- l:.ikii*>' < >|>imon nt'dim* - Ar.it.>' H.M ,,f Iliiiin -- A l-'ii iuli-li I'l'.t i'u_-iiiiili- No A-MMaiii-.- \V,, tl .|. rfil I .:.!. T/r.-iii,.! II. .11-.- Tin !V,,,,1,- .ifl'.ua " 1 1, artlm-knii..-^ " Ii-aj.]H,;tit...| Itt'-rly ILautitil! 1'ii-tiin- lili^'lit''! I >ri-.i(l!ill SlalU'htiT - Thr.r 11 in. Jr. I .11. I I'.irty I>.-.i>l Mi| i i. k.^iu. -> 'I'.... Mu.-li t.. l;-ar K.- h"l\.-l I.. iU-ltirn I iiij-.riuii' 'i l>y iln- Naiivi-^ I ><'.< niiin. .1 I'r.. \niciu-c in tin- |lia|>}Miiiitliii-:i! |'r ,:!.!... :u .ill 'li,:i,j- l':..i..iii IM.TI-IN A I.-|..it.li Jain. - ( i..p|. Ii I'., -tiijrtt, -Ir. ll.i.rv MM.uiliV. Till: Ljn-at river ulii<'li lie li;ul .-mi'^ltt >" Innpj and >< n>o- ititrlv \\:i> rolling at hi- li-ft. Jt \\ a.- a iiddr riv-r, wnrtliv ol' Ix-in^ tli"ii^'!n ut' a- tin- mar relative r. Liviii'^-tDliP s-.iKwl \\illin^ tn veiitun- tiir inure than he had en- dured in tilldui^ cut the -eeivt.- It liil^ht 1- al)le to ili>elu.-r. \\nl then- were U-tiire liint mi I ho.-e .-teep l>ank- ineti wlm had ID hviupatliy with hi- enierpri-e, \\h< ( e.uild -e in him <>nlv the rejii -e-eiitati\ T ! thc.-e men lie eoiild IKI|K' \'r little' that iniu;ht in anv \\av facilitate hi- \\'>rk. At tlnir hand-, in laet, \\c.-hall ,-ee that he met the re-i-taiiee \\hieh at l:i-t 'nin|i,-lled him to^ p iia\\av iViini the river, to him -u lull >l pl'i Mil-', ! relin<|U!-Il \\liat (' him -eelll'd Ilk'' Jm-ilive -lleei-^-, v, in n a I- \\ liiui-e vi^'ii-nii- -Hoke- mi-ht have lirmi^iil In him l! - -Uei I ! . :tl |/. it KM. 111. \i iii trader- uh'i wen- liiiind otalih-lii-d at Nvan^uo '.n 1 )r. l.;,;n_; tune'- ,irn\al, Al"d and Ha*-ani, \\iie men ti. .'-.I ...:,- f./i' tiieir liarl.arili' -. Thev \\ep- a--", -iated \\ith 1 ' ,. i MI 1 1. , .-. h'i '.\ a.- 1 him-eir ali-ent. \ a! i< >\i, il u a -.-<< MI TEMPER OF THE TRADERS. l very evident that these men were determined to eoinjx'l the Englishman to go out of the country. They did not dim- to attempt this by any violent measures, but they could poison tin* minds of the natives against him, could misrepresent him, could tamper with his Banian slave followers, could prevent his getting a canoe, could surround him with such scenes of cruelty as would sicken his soul. All of these things thev could do all of them they did. It is not ungenerous to say that they diii them all deliberately, designedly, because they did not want the restraint of an Englishman's presence in their horrid bu.-ines.-. They were generous with their gifts, Ixxttusc thev wanted to be thought kind. They knew what to give and what to withhold ; they would give something to make a good impression, thev would be unable to do other things, and see to it undcrhandrdlv that they were done by nobody, that they might be rid of the man. They had numbers and goods, and they would by all means possible get the confidence or excite the fears of the peo- ple, and they could turn either the confidence or the fear to the same account. They were determined that Dr. Livingstone should get no canoe, while thev promised to get him one almost everv dav, managing thus ti> hold their victim in agoni/in^ alternations of hope and despondenev nearlv li>ur months. We need not ask now, surely, whv Livingstone was so dependent: we know that he had only three t/u'n on whom he could depend ; he had some means, but money eoiild do nothing unless he could procure men. Four men could not .-tart alone through such a country under such circumstances. lie had been able some- times to iri-t escorts from traders, and he tru.-ted that he would succeed. He could have gone on if no Arab- had been in tli" country. Then, with the support of Susi and ( 'huma, he could have controlled his ten Banian men, but he could do nothing with them while Ilas-ani was at hand with hi- hordes, offering them protection in all their unfaithfulness, and offering a pre- mium for their desertion, \\e\\ill not detain the reader with the j)roiniMs and disappointments which were the mutters of reallv mo-t consequence to I>r. Livingstone every day. Inn take advantage of the information which was tiva.-ured for u- during these months by the traveller. It was not the smallest of the deprivations, we may remark, r3'J NVANtiWK MAIIKKT. which I >r. Living-tone had now to i -on tend \vith, that liis pajHT ami ink were Ixtih exhausted. Tin- world owe- him a deht of gratitildi 1 tha'. he did not allow thi> to hinder him in tin- record which lit- had -o coii-cicntiou.-Iv made of what he -aw and did. An i ii_'ra\ in_ f faithfully rvpreM'ntinj; a portion of hi- journal written under the-e di-ad\ antaL'es will eonvev a l>etter idea of die -hi ft.- hy which he ma-tered them than anv word- of our-. An old new-paper, made into the -hape of a copv Kook, and ink made from the juice of -oiiic native herrie-, were hi.- >uh-titutes Jor mci-r material-. \\ ith the-e he prc-erved I'nr tl- the -celies and incid nt- of maiiv months. I'r'il.alilv the nint intere-tiiiLT feature of the village of \v- aiiL M \e \\ a- it> market. The market i> a ^ivat in.-titution in Man\ iiema. At Nvannwi' th'- market wa- held everv fourth d;i\ '. 1 lie vendor- of the varioii-; eomnioditicM were rhictiv \\n:jic!i. and -urli WOIIK n a- did lull crelit \ the market-\\ oinell of tin- \\orld. 1 he u'l" 1 at ijiiinher- a. t'liililed in-pire all \\ith confidence, and thev -tand firmlv \>\ the rule- of ju-tin-. DIM a eni!il\- i- the principal ph-a-urr of all cla---; all !"\e t" trade in the market ; if a man propo-e. \,> \t\iv a chicken, the owm r t< !!- him " < 'oine to the mai ket." Then- were all -ort- of art !< had : cloth. |I .\vl-. fi-h, earthen \-e-d-. ca ava. |alm oil. -alt. pejijicr, anvthin ' t" he had in the c..iintrv \\a- to lf had there. And tin- lui-ine-., \va- i-arried -in \\ith the -jiri^htlv eiK-rjv which alwavs ;ittends a crowd and cnm|>.-; m-.n. 1 he \\oijn-M -(Tilled to he lullv in their element : th- \ Would li:i'_'i_ r le and joke \\iih <!d \\-re t h'liijht fill and an\ioii--|ook in_ r , tin- \"'in.: \\cre thoii_ditl'-- ai.d -|>ortive it i- -o \\ith "Id and \"'in_; pi.iple i-l-eu h'-re ; the n!d \\"inen earn-d a \\ !_'! it "I niMii' !;-. the \ .iin^ u o-iieji \ve|-e carricil \>\ hope toward a Pi' UP- i ! pi-, .mi-e ;t i- al-.\a\- -o with :e_'e and \-oiith. I'.nt i-M and voiin^ under- M I li.-if l.ii-ine--.. A l--\v in< n ai'emiir-1'd u ilh (In -< liti-y rij.ifh. r- .md \\ i \ -,-! 1 in_' t h--ir iron wan-, j^ra-* dull i and ]>\^-. \\ !, n the mark' t i- t iii'!\ op- md it i- :i liii~\ -cem-, and the -I- - riplion u hi, h I);-. |.i\ ;ii'.:-tone -i\ ,- o|' it i-r..o-""d t" I" 1 i- .-r : " \ . , i \ on.- i- tlpre in il< ad earne-t ; little time i- lo~t m fri-ipl'r. '!. tin_'-. \"end.r- of li-h run ahoiit \\iih little pot- MAHKKT srKXKS. 533 shcnl^ full of snails or small fislieH, or young i-lnrinx ni smoke-dried, and spitted on twigs or other reli-he-, to exchange for cassava roots, dried alter being steeped al>ont time ilavs in water; potatoes, vegetables, or grain, bananas, Hour, palm oil, fowls, salt, pepper, all are bartered hack and forth in the same manner. Iv.ich individually is intensely anxious to trade; tho-e who have other articles are [uirtieularlv eager to liarter them for relishes, and are positive in their assertions of the goodness or badness of each article as market people seem to be in conscience bound to do everywhere. The sweat mav he seen standing in great heads on their faces. ( 'ocks, hanging with their heads down across the shoulders, contribute their bravest crowing, and pigs s<|iieal their loudest. Iron knobs, drawn out at each end to show the goodness of the metal, are exehanged for cloth of the Muabe j)alm. They have a large funnel of basket-work below the vessel holding the wares, and slip the goods down if thev are not to be seen. They deal fairly, and when differences arose they were easily settled by the men interfering or pointing to me: they appeal to each other, and have a strong sense of natural justice. With so much food changing hands amount the three thousand attendant.- much benefit is derived; some come from twenty to twenty-live miles. The men flaunt about in gnndv-eolored lambas of many folded kilt- the women work hardest the potters slap and ring their earthenware all around, to show that there is not a .-ingle flaw in them. I bought two linelv shaped er.rthen bottle- oi porous earthenware, to hold a uallou each, for one string of brad- ; the women carrv hiiue load- of them in their funnels above the ha-kets, .-trapped to the >!n>ulders and forehead, and their hand- are full be-ide- ; the roundness of the vessels is wonderful, -eeing no machine i.- n-ed : no .-laves could be induced to carrv hall' a- much a.- thev do willingly. It is a scene of the line.-t natural acting imagin- able. The eagerness with which all sorts of assertions are made tin 1 ea^er earne-tne.-.- with which appan-ntly all creation, above, around, and beneath, i- called on to atte-t the truth of what thev allege and then the inteii.-e -urpri-e and withering -,- at them. Little ^irls run about selling cups of water lor a few small li-hes tu 534 " TKN HTM AX JAWHOXES." tlu* lialf-t'xhati.steil wordy iximlwtants. To mo it was an .iinutnnd tin- words that flowed otf their \z\\\t t"ii^in~, l>ut tin- i^-slnres were too expiv ive to \u\t\ interpretation. ' ( >ne man, a .-tranter in the market, wa n>tievd, who hail ten human jawbones huni; l>v a -triii-^ over iii- shoulder, aneemed almost lxa>tl'nl of having killed an<] eaten the original owners of them, and exhibited with hi-* knife hi- method of disserting nu-n with a painful coolness, and fiiiy lau^liMl with the- rest wlu-n Dr. Living-tone cxprt-SMtl hi- di>ju-t. SiniftiiiK's parties Ixrlun^in^ to Dii::nml>e's horde trinl to deal in the market in a lordlv wav, a^ ini'erior men are wnnt to do \\hei thev imagine them-elves >urroiindnl l>v \\eaker . I':it there can hardlv lie found a daxs of people on earth who are readier i< < a--ert their rights a^ain.-t iloininifrin*; assumptions than tho-e verv modot individuals who rejoice in IM-III^ kiunvu a- market women, \\hcn tho-r impertinent fellows ramr alMtnt with their"! \\ill huv that," and " l'he-e are mine, nciliodv mii-t toii.-li that Inn me," and the like, the women ipiieklv taiiL'hi tliem tliat they enuld niono|Htli/e nothiii'j, l>ut deal tiiirlv like other people. The doetor had amjile opportunity to oli-erve the p.-v the -trance eontradiet ion- their ehanu'ters re\-.-ale]o -otn of a fl' iwer ; a.- read v to kill a man a- to kill a pi^ ; \ et hoiie-t , liiie-lo. -kin^-, .-omet ime- reall\ l>eant ifnl ! Kvt-rv dav their eoiintrv \\ a- l>e<-ominu r more and more the - -i-I|.- ..f eo||l'll-iol| aild Moo.l~hed. X'lllau'e- \\e|-e l.ei|| L ' Imriled :'.nd penp'e ma--:i'-red ei.nl iniiall\\ Thev -ei'ined to di-t niL'Ui-h him Ii'om the Aral)- and their iinderlm j--, l.iit In- kne\v thai th- r i 'piil'l l>e no relianei- plaenl m them, (or ( , .ntraf in_' with tli-ii- h "iii -ty in d'-aliir/ wa- ali-olnte nntriit hl'nhi' -- in otlnr ma"- i'-. I he\ had no eon-'-ien.-.- a_ r am-t (i'a!ui!i_ r anv -ort "t lie !,s- -,'. hi.-h th--\- mijht u'-'t 'li-- plea-nn- of -pilling !! 1. A- !:m- p-i--i-l, the ho|i,-- o( ^ettmu' a eaiio.- or m- n were no ii'-.ir- r r> a! i/,i' i"M. '1 he trader- t ln-m-d \ . -, -.-i/in^ on hi- id< a, h.id fallen .in t h<- plan ") proen-din^ in c;inoc-. lieport.- <-itne of imric ii-- i,naiitit ;- "f ivorv in jo--e--i..n of the lialii'-a, "A THICK OF TIIK TRADE. . r ,3.5 living farther down the river. Katomba's jwople liaslH and house pillars were made of it. Thev had found the people peaceable, and had gone in and conic away without a .-ingle di.s- turliance. Thev had traded copper rings for the ivorv, two rin^s Ibr a tu>k, which thcv had found the nio*t acceptable currenev there as among the Manyuema. This counfrv was bordering on the several great rivers which Mowed into the Lualaba from the west. Hearing these 1 wonderful report.- onlv whetted the eagerness of Hassani and Abed. Thev picked up all the < -a noes to be had lor themselves; partlv bv becoming I>/ confident that his desire was realized; lie felt as if lie had the precious canoe. Abed seemed to beeoiue po-.-e-sed of a more 1 generous spirit, and although he was anxious to be oil' to the ivorv land would not go until he thought he had sealed a bargain for a canoe for the doctor. Bu? he was a little too eager, and a Manyuema man, who it turned out had an old grudge against another head man which he wanted to avenge, came over the river and said that he had one hollowed out, and he wanted r brinsring about thi- was to have Abed and the doctor send men to see the canoe, who would of course carrv their iruns. The canoe bciiij the property of the other, while thev would know that Ab.-d had paid for it. he was shrewd enough to see that there would be Very probably a light before the parties separated, and however ",3<) IVOKY HfNTINC. it turned out he would have hi* revenue. This sort i>f thing was one <>f the Lrrave-t di Him I tit's which wa- to l gone when this trick wa- limn'! out, and Living-tone (leeline-pect.- which wrre jire, H-nt-l I iv the Mai iv ii' ma eonntrv lv their < If.- pi-rat < poh-v ; tin \ had <-lci--d di-tri-t att<-r di-triet a^ain-t themselves, and tln-v had he^iin to -<( that even Atriean savages emiM !>e inlluvneetl n lore i a.-ilv l>v jn-t ice and hit man it v than \>\' plunder and murder. How li!e--rd a tiling tor Africa it would have lieen if the le. on had heeti lejiriHnl ni(re thoroughly and p'jier.illv ! How hles>evl a tiling, if thev had Ix-en PHH! enough to r - aeriliv their pa>-i:d\n-s are Manvnema, l>ut were di-tin- jni-heil li\--pine [MH-iiliarities Iroin their mort 1 southern eotmtrv- n>en. It \\a.- n-ported that the I>aku-s were civil to -tranter-, !>ut that th"V had r< -fn-ed a pa--a'_ r ' into the eonntrv. In ord< r to iiupre-- theiM \\ith their power, the effet't of a mn-ket ^liot on a f jo:it \va- -Mown them. I li^v looked mi with aina/etneni, thought it -npernatnral, lo.,k-il up at the el.ui.l~, and oil', red to l/riirj ivorv to huv the charm that eon Id draw IL'ht niii'j do\\ :i. \\'!i. n ir \\a- aft'-r'^.ard- att.-!iip!.l to t\,r>;- a path, the\- darted a-ide on - ::r_ r the \\ aiivamwe/i's follower- put t iii_' I In- arrow-. in'o the I >.>-\ - r,n_ r -, hut -f 1 in mute ariia/'-iii''!it lonkiiej: at the L r '!ii-, . h.eh !;io-.\,.l th'-in do -AM in ]ar_ r c niinil>'-r-. Th- \ {fioii_'!it tli ii iiiu-k- *- \\.-r- tip- in-i/nia of -!ii. ham-hip. Th'-ir ;o \\ it h a !"iej- -trai^ht -; all' of rattan, having a 'plan! it v iii-di'iiie -nieared on each end, and n > u.'apon- iu d-. I IP -v imagined that the -MIII- \\--re can ! d a-< ; t!ie -anie kind; ~tn<-, \> .-finj-, ca!!--d th'-!ii 1-ij; i.-io ]'.{-, and - -im d to have no liar on .-. . in^ a J.MIII -!!. d a! th- :n. !i.y n-.-d !nr/' and vry lon^j -pear- very e\jertly in the A THRIVING DUHINKSS. .'37 long grass and forest of their country, and were terrible fellows among themselves, and when they become acquainted with fire- anns will he terrible to the strangers who now murder them. The Bakuss cultivate more than the southern Manyuenm, espe- cially pennisctum and dura, or holctut Koryhuin ; common coffee is abundant in their district, and they use it highly scented with vanilla, which must be fertilized by insects. This beverage is usually handed round in cups after meals. Among their other luxuries, pineapples were quite abundant. Their country was much more open than the more southern districts, and was found literally swarming with people. There, too, the market was the great institution. In some things they might be an example to their neighbors; in their personal cleanliness, for instance, which is made obligatory by a law requiring them to bathe regularly twice everyday ; and there is another custom by which all illicit intercourse is severely punished. The offender in this must see his whole family sold into slavery. The women, who form there, as everywhere, an indispensable element of social life, are dis- tinguished by rather small compressed heads, but their pleasant countenances and their bright wide-awake eyes are evidences enough of their intelligence. O ~ But, more than all to the Arabs and their avaricious hordes, the land was full of people and ivory, and let the people be friendly or unfriendly, good or bad, beautiful or ugly, it was all one to them: there was a chance for slaves and iv<>ry ; slaves and ivorv meant a thriving business. As for Dr. Livingstone, lie saw no hope of getting on; he was clearly considered in the way by the traders, and his ten Banian men were certainly not to be trusted. Abed overheard them one day plotting I'm- his destruc- tion. The horrible plan which they arranged was, if compelled to go on, to watch their chance, and the first difficulty which arose with the Manyucma thev would fire ofT their gun.- and ruu away, and as the doctor was weak and could not run as t'a.-t as thev he would l>e left to perish. The tone- in \vhieh this finuli-h plot came to the ears of Abed convinced him that for Dr. Living- stone to go with them would IK> certain death at the hands of the cannibals. Notwithstanding the tact that Abed in common with Ilassani and others had been by their policy a great hin- drance to him, Dr. Livingstone had no doubt that in a matter 32 B5S THK " RVA" HOUSKS. of this sort he was a sincere friciul, and could not doubt hi- -tatement or the wisdom of his caution. Thn- worried beyond rnea-ure by tins*- slaves, and haftled utterly in his work, the doctor, sick at heart and in body, had only OIK- ho|H' left. IhigumU', who had not yet arrived, was e.\- [M-t'tcd dailv ; he wa- bringing his whole family, and propo-ed fixing hi- head-, j uartcrs in the conntrv and establishing a mart and line- of carriers, between his district and I "jiji. The single hojc- wa- that tin- man, who was highe-t in authority among tin- traders of the section, might a. i-t him. Heat length arrived, and I>r. Livingstone offered him $'2'K)d lor ten nii-n to replace the Banian .-lave-, and addel te >aid that he would consult his asxK'iates and (i'cidi- what could iM-dmic. He>idide of the Lnalaba. Tlii^ great di-triet wa> distingni>hed particnlarK l>v a wonderful .-v-tein ot' umlerground dwellings, nseinbling ininiense cave-, which had exi-tiil from remote ;\^-<. Nothing in all Africa .-nrpa.-- e- in magnitude and nmrvflloti . .-iniet nre the-e wonderful dwelling-. Manv of them were reported to be -n large that en- "tire cr.!;--- could take refuge in them. The people all .-poke of them a- having been built bv ( Jod and not bv man. The.-e va.-t -nliterraiiean .-trnetnres \\ere -aid to be entered generallv bv -mall unpretending opening-, bm t> -pri-ad out smldenlv into ennrmoM- hall- and eorritlors, woiidcrfullv arnmged and manv mil--- in extent; -<>nie were -aid to pox--s diuVrent entrance.-, ( irt \~ or lift v and -omet une.- e\ en a greater number of mile- apart. The dueller- in the-e ca\ern- were a \\arlike race, but, iike all the inn. -i- trib.-- of Afri'-i, provideil onK \\ith their bows and fp-:ii--, \\ i -re ea-v \ ict im- of t ho-e I ili KM lv hordo which came on the!. i arni'-d \\ \'\i 'imm. \ \\--\~ \\erca bright , intelligent jteople, and the -lave- had -ought man\ pretext- \\,\- .piarrel- with them that tii'-v might h.i\e excn-e |i>r making \\ar, which aluay- i,i' an- \\:th th'- Arab- making :t- manv -lave- a- po-.-iblc. 1 >i . I .! \ ing-tone had -' < u man\ ot tin nntortnnate vii'tiiH" of t!i'-< < i u- 1 in\:i'i"ii- in the gnat -!a\e-gang- at ilitlerent tune.- luring lil- later tr.iv 1-, and among all tho-e who-e wrongs hail B HOK KN- 1 1 K A RTKDN ESS. 589 called forth his sympathies HOIK: had awakened a er interest. Thev uro a bold, free and freedom-loving nice, rude and wild, hut lovers of their homes, and of natures keenly sensitive to the degradation of the galling yoke of bondage. Among them he had seen first the disease, strangest and saddest of all, which affected him more deeply than any of the various forms of suffer- ing which he had seen in all his wanderings. This disease was broken-hearted ness. He saw it first after the brother of Svdc bin Ilabib was killed in Kua, and Syde vowing vengeance had entered the country waging dreadful war. A large number of captives were taken and brought away in chains; many of the poor creatures died in a few days after passing the boundary of their own country. They exhibited no signs of illness, but only deep sadness, and would place their hands over their hearts, saying, "All the pain is here," and sink down by the way and expire. The children would for a time keep up with wonderful endurance, but when it happened that the sound of dancing and the merry tinkle of the small drums fell on their ears in paing the villages, memories of home would rush on them, and then they would cry and sob until the " broken-heart '' came and they too sank rapidly. The heart of the man so long accustomed to enter into the sorrows of the degraded, and to search for every noble quality which they might possess, could not but feel an uncommon interest in the Ba Una; and the explorer of the wonderful continent, to whom the world was looking for the fullest information about all of its mysteries, was naturally anxious to see for himself those wonderful abodes, which seemed to tell of an age of power surpassing all in the records of tin- world, and of an ancient race who must have; rivalled the fabled giants in greatness. But nothing came of Dugumbe's conference with his friends, and the man who had braved so much and staked all he josse>seil on this noble effort was thoroughly foiled. And it needed only the horrible transactions about to bur-t on him to drive him back to Vjiji, destitute, disappointed and sick. A man named Manilla, one of the slaves employed in collect- ing ivory for the Arabs, had been carrying things with rather a high hand of late. Among other tilings, he had formed a .-ort of alliance w r /h a Kimburu, the chief of the neighborhood, bv WO A PKTl'RK I>KFACED. "mixing blood" with him, and Kimbuni had given him tlinv slaves, anil he in turn had sacked ten villages of their enemies in token of friendship. This action of Manilla and Kimhuru hud cxcit^l the jealousy of the Dugumbc's men, and they com- menced a wholesale destruction of Kimburu's villages and slaughter of hi-, people, under pretence of punishing Manilla, hut reallv with no other olject than to impn^s on the people of the whole country that they must make friends with them alone, and not with Manilla or any one cl-e. I>r. Living-tone first heard the firing on the other side of the Jjiialaha : In knew well what it meant, and with a sad heart he walked toward the market, where he wa- accn.-tonicd to find hi.- onlv relief from the oppressive intercourse with the |H>ople, whose everv w<>rd and act gave him pain. Iut he little dreamed what a -peetacle w i- awaiting him ; little lid he expect to set- this place which had In-en hi- refuge for month- the scene of the most dreadful crime he had ever witness*^!. He had often he^uiled wearv hours watching the eager activity of the-e women; had Ciijovcd their iiiniH-eiit jokes, had Im'ii inten-ely ainu-ol lv their varioii- pertorinances, and di-ejly interested in tln-ir exhihitions of varinu- tempers, and had found room for much serious reflec- tion <>n the pha-es of character among the untaught, and prohahlv devi-ed manv a plan lor the elevation of Africa, with the great te\t-l'Mik of African character and African need Ivm^ open le('ure him. The place had hcen put amoii^ the ph-asnntest .scene^ and e\]M-rience-. of hi- travel-, and shelvetl in memorv for the il!ii- f ration of the hritrht -ideof African life which he lon^eil to -ho'.\ 'hi- I'oimtrvmen and the world. He did iit dream that thi- -eetie wa- -o -< H ni to } cnin-oni d with the |I]IKH] ot innoeent Ix-in^- ; h'it thi- plea-ant memory wa- t" n-i-eive the llaeke.-t in-'-ripiidn p--ihle lor human depravity t<> indite. He never p'-nned a -ailder p-conl than \\ e fmd und< r thi- metnonilile d:ite. He T. !!- 11- that it wa- a h"t, -ultrv dav. and \\hen he \\ent intu the market he -aw Adie a:id Manilla, and three i.f the men wh<. had lately e*itne with I >M_''i ml .e. He wa- -iirpri-ed to -ee tlr--e ? !ir> v. ith their LTUIH, and felt inelitntl toivpp.ve th-m, H- rini- .,(' hi- men ,11,1, )',,( Krin-jiirj 1 \\eap-ui- info th-- -laii'jhter- rtnrl.'t, l.'i' attrilintin^ it to their ignorance, and it Iw-iipj verv h'.t, li, -.'I- \\alkiir_' auav to /. out of the market, u hen he -au Ilnl:i:il:l.i: HLAUUIITKIl. >|J one of the fellows haggling about a fowl, and sei/ing hold of it. lie fore he had trot thirty yards out, the discharge of two gun- in the middle of the crowd told that slaughter had begun : crowds dashed oil' from the platv, and threw down their wares in confusion, and ran. At the. same time that the three oi>ciied lire on the ma.-s of people near the upj>er end of the market- place volleys were discharged from a party do AMI near the creek on the panic-stricken women, who dashed at the canoes. These, some liftv or more, were jammed i.i the creek, and the men for- got their paddles in the terror that seized all. The canoes, were not to be got out, for the creek was too small for so manv ; men and women, wounded by the balls, poured into them, and leaped and scrambled into the water, shrieking. A long line of heads in the river showed that great numbers struck out for an island a full mile off: in going towards it thev had to put the left shoulder to a current of about two miles an hour ; if they had struck away diagonally to the opposite bank, the current would have aided them, and though nearly three miles off, some would have gained laud : as it was, the heads above water showed the long line of those that would inevitably peri.-h. Shot after shot continued to be filed on the helpless and per- ishing. Some of the long line of heads disappeared quietly ; whilst other poor creatures threw their arms high, as it' appeal- ing to the great Father above, and sank. One canoe took in as manv as it could hold, and all paddled with hands and arms : three canoes, got out in haste, picked up sinking friend.-, till al! went down together, and disappeared. One man in a long canoe, which could have held forty or fifty, had clearly lo.-t hi.* head ; he had been out in the stream before the massacre be^an, and now paddled up the river nowhere, and never looked to the drowning. Bv-aud-by all the heads disappeared ; >oine had turned down stream towards the bonk, and escaped. I)ugumbe put people into one of the deserted vessels to ,-ave those in th* water, and saved twentv-one. ( )ne woman refused to be taken on board, thinking that .-he was to be made a slave; .-he preferred the chance of' lite by swimming, to the lot of a. -lave. The Arab- themselves estimated the loss of life at between three hundred and thirty and four hundred souls. The shootiu^-partv near the canoes were so reckless, they killed two o. 'their own people ; 6-42 THI: I:\IM.A NATION. aii'l ;i Wanvamwczi fol lower, who pit into a deserted canoe to plunder, fell into tin- water, went clown, then fame up again, ami down to ri-e no nioiv. !>,-. Living-tour'- tir-t impul.-e was to pi-tol the mtmlerers, but I)ii;Mimbe prote-ted against his getting into a bicxxl-feuil, and hf wa- thankful ufterwartls that he took the advice. Two wretched Mo.-|eni- asserted "that the firing w:is done by the jM-ojil.- of tlif Kn^li-h ; " the doctor ju-ktd one of them why he lied -o ? luit li' could utter no e.\cu-e : no other falsehood came to lii- aid, In- could oiilv -tand abashed, and .-o telling him not to tell jaljal)lc fal-chood-, I >r. Living-tone left him gaping. After tin- terrible atlair in tin- water, the party of Tagamoio, \\lio wa- tin- chief perjM-trator, continued to lire on the people tip-re and lire their village-;. Loud wail- could be heard on the left bank, over tho-<- who were tin-re .-lain, ignorant of their rnanv friend- no\\- in the depth.- of Lualaba. No one will ever know the i-xaet lo-.~ on thi- bright .-ultr\ .-timiner mornin<; ; no wmider it 'ja\'e the sorrowful wit in-. the impre ion nf U-ing in hell. All the -lave- in the i-imp ru-hed at the fu^itivi-; on land, and plundered them : women were for hour- eolltvting and i-.irr\ iii'^ load- of what had U-en thrown down in terror. S.ine e-'-ijMil to 1 )r. Living-tone and \\ere proti-eti-d : I >u_ r umbe -avelnwiting right and li-ft like fiend-. Twelve villages \\ei-e burning the n-'.xt morning. 'I he i|iie-tion wa- a-keil of I )ii'_nimlM- and other*, 41 V.w \'r what i- all thi- mur-ler?" All bl.imed Manilla a* it- eau-e, and in one -. n-e he wa- the r-;ill-e ; but the wih tf luai.e an impre--ion in the eoiinlrva- to the im|ortaiiee ami J_T' at li -- of the HeW eolner- \\ a - the |||o-t |iote||t lllo!|\e. It u.i- ! rrilile lo i-oiiteinplate the murdering of -o niai'\\ It \\:n . :i -njh I" n. al. a man -i'k at In art \\ h<> e.-nld aeeompany lie ]. 'ijile tif I hitMimln' and Tajanioio to [/oiname and In- In-e from I,!- Ki^l ^ni!tin.-- '.' Jl \\:LI j't'oj ! t., I tii^'iml,,. to eat.-h the murderer-, and AFTER THE MASSACRE. ,'j.Jj flang thorn up in the market-place, a-s a protect against the bloody deeds before the Manyuema. If, as he and others de- clared, the massacre was committed by Manilla's people, he would have consented ; but it was done by Tagumoio's people, and others of this party, headed by Dugumbe. This slaughter was peculiarly at rex-ions, inasmuch as it was well understood, that bv a sacred custom women coming to or from market have never been known to be molested: even when two districts arc engaged in actual hostilities, " the women," say they, "pass among us to market unmolested," nor has one ever been known to be plundered by the men. I>nt these Moslems were inferior to the Manyuema in sense of justice and right. The people under Hassani began the superwiekedness of capture and pillage of all indiscriminately. Dugumbe promised to send over men to order Tagamoio's men to cease firing and burning villages ; they remained over among the ruins, feasting on goats and fowls all night, and next day (IGth) continued their infamous work till twenty-seven villages were destroyed. Livingstone, by his personal efforts, restored upwards of thirty of the rescued to their friends: Dugumbe seemed to act in good faith, and kept none of them ; it was his own free will that guided him. Women were delivered to their husbands, and about thirty-three canoes left in the creek were kept for the owners. While the shooting was still going on on the other side, and many captives being caught, Tagamoio's people began to cross over in canoes, beating their drums, firing their guns, and shouting, as if to say, "See the conquering heroes come; " they are answered by the women of Dugumbe's camp lullilooing, and friends then fire off their guns in joy. This horrible massacre was more than he could endure. He never could have consented to go a mile farther with the mur- derers. He had mastered his own feelings for years, had en- dured to be dependent on men whose presence was a continual sorrow, had endured witnessing all the horrors of the slave- trade in its most extravagant proportions and its must abomin- able forms, all in the interest of science and humanit\ . to endure this longer was to him worse than death, worse than failure, worse thau all other ills combined. lie could not go on 540 THK IJUKSTION SKTTLKD. without them, IxH-nu-e he would In- in the power of ton men, unprincipled even* way, who liad determined on his death if he -hould attempt to eomjH-1 them to go. He timid not take only Su-i, C'huma, and Gardner, and p>. Thev loved him, were true to him, would die for him, but thev would certainly IK* called uti t> do it, and it would lx- all that thev timid do. There w;i* one tiling onlv : he would return immediately to I'jiji and seek to (it himself up a^-ain with a letter eseort. When Oiiiruinbe'H partv saw that he was determined to <^o hack thev ottered many things, but he took onlv a little gunpowder. Thev made presents of beads, but he insisted on returning their value in eloth ; he lelt that all thev had was the price of blood. I)ii_:u!nbe hini-eif -eemed verv friendly and sent head- and cow- rie- tor purchasing food on the journev, al-o two verv {'me lar^t? Manviiema > word-, and two er -ull'erer-. wlm had survived the dreadful uar whieh had !,]] m:i'l'- on tln-ni, had t'oimd ut 1'ni'v that the white man had a In-art for tin m, and thronged him, !H-i:^iii'4 him to -ta\ . YI--, tlio-,- poor degraded people. M> hloodthir>tv tln-m- -!\'--, i~innibaU, surroumle^l tin- one man in all that eompanv in \vh'm dwelt the -pirit of Christ, anh, wln>hall dis- tru-t tin- p.,,\er of ( 'hri>tian kindne~< t<> cnntml the mo-t im- liridleii |i-i i< in- '.' \\iiat powi-r mi earth ean take hold so -ti'"ii_ r !\ "ii tin- in art- of nn-n a~ the ifraee of (Jod? iint it ua~ imp- i--ib!e ; (In- d-<'i~ion \va- taken ; he would '_ r o miiiiedi- a(' !\. It ua- hard, but hi- faith aivrpted it. He had experi- .-nei-.l f>o fn-<|in-nt 1\ - , too >/. mli/i/ in hi- lit'-, t he -joodne-* o|' ( ICM! !o doiidt that e\-en tlii- -oiv-t of all hi- di-appoint nn nt- \\ as ,i|,|.r, <1 ^rai'iou-lv. ()n!v \-r\' latelv he had -i--ii that hand. Tli"' \.;-\ thin_ r whi'-h In- had ino~i desired for two month-, if le- had obtaiin-d, \\otild have IH-.-H hi- ile-Jrue(io|j : In- hal uau'''l a i-ajiof ; onlv reii-ntlv n-\\- had eoiin that a partv of . i!n -'i'|.|. :ii\ t" treniendoii- fail-, and -evral ol tin- fort-mo-t a;, . - \\.ii- --A'-jit a'\a\. wrought a^am-t hi- ..-.MI bliinl \\i!i. II-- \\onld tru-t (i.>d. Ami \>.- -hall -oon < . In, A ':.i'i"'i-!v e- hind the great eager public, were almost breaking with desire to know whether he was living or dead. There were reasons why he should not die in the forests of Manyuema. A noble, generous man, consecrated to the interests of humanity, may propose greater sacrifice of himself than (Jod is pleased to have him make. Manv a man would die in a cause whose life may be of more consequence than the cause itself. God mav judge in such matters; he may save a man at the sacrifice of that man's dearest enterprises, and do graciously in it. We venture to believe that this was done in bringing Dr. Livingstone back to I'jiji just when he was brought back. His desire was to J *f ' explore the Lualaba, hoping to find it connected with the Nile. But he would have been expo-ing all the information which he had gained to eternal oblivion, had he gone on. If he had died, all was \o>t all his toil and sacrifice, all the interest of the world in his expedition. We ought to thank God lor bringing him out of the danger. And we can ,-ee the providence in it more clearly than he saw it, when he turned his back on the great river. A\ e remember that just about the time that Dr. Livingstone arrived at Bambarre, there was a vomit; man, a total stranger to him, one who would never have been thought of as conceiving such an enterprise, purposing in his heart the relief of the great traveller. Almost the very day that he entered this wild country there flashed across the continent from Paris t'> Madrid the few simple words which inaugurated the expedition which God meant should relieve the suspense of the nations, save the information which was of such va-t import- ance to the cause of Christ and humanitv, and cheer the \\carv toiler with assurances of hi- care and the appreciation of man- kind. That young man was James Gordon Bennett, Jr. : thosa simple words were, "' Come to Paris on important business." 548 GOD'S EXPEDITION. The man who received them was Henry M. Stanley. Tlie two men met in a lull-room, early in the morning. They had never met before; (ir. Livingstone an exhibition of benevolence whieh dignifies immanitv, and the impulx-s of a soul awake to influences; higher than earth. Mr. Bennett mav not have realized it fullv, or he mav have, but he wa- obeving (iod. Mr. Stanlev wa.- a " Kl v ing Journalist ;" but ( Jod -aw in hini the element.- of the hen. demanded bv -o great an oeea- .-ion. \\edo not Ix-Iieve that he doe- himst-lf justice in in.-inuat- ing that he went to Africa onlv as he would have gone anvwhere el. -4-, under ordiTs from hi- empiover. Such a spirit ot' obeli- enee and iaithfuliie.-vs under an en^aLfernent i- < -ommendablc ; but we prefer to reeo^ni/e in Mr. Stanley a spirit \\hidi lifts him above the common level ofnrdinarv bu-inc. hoiie>tv. lie manile-ted an cnthu-ia-m in tin- undertaking \\hieh betravetl a iji'i-.it in--- of -oid which he h;t- preferred to ctmceal, that hi* eiuplo\er miirht have the more honor. lie mav not have (--a\-d 1 lii- <-\ p'-dit i' -II at the .-u^^'e-t ion- ot hi.- own IM IHVI>- ll'liee, he pfobablv COllld Hot liaVe dolie <0 ; bill \\llell lie -aW that he mi-lit do it, hi- heart bounded to il,e \\ork. \\'e be, li< \>' l.e Ui nt loith Ifoiu I'an- under a higher eoiiiini--ioii than that ol M I . 1 '.. mi- 1 1 . 1 here \va- Heeded HlOIleV, alld there was lie< ded a man ; I ',<>,{ \,u<-:\ u here to tind Itoth.and he did find t!i> in, |i|-t \\lpii he -a.\ that one ol In- nuble-t -ervant- \\ a- ap- io;i> i.iii an < \tn mit\ . 1 ii-re i- -omethm verv Hjlemn and THK RENDEZVOUS AI'I'OINTKI). 5.j<) precious alxnit this remarkable expedition. (Jod knew exactly when the extremity would be. While lie allowed Dr. Living- stone to go on wandering about in Munyuenm, lie allowed Mr. Stanley to travel leisurely toward the continent of Africa. And when the hour came, the hour of crushing disappointment, and I>r. Livingstone turned toward Ujiji, -sick at heart, utterly per- plexed, the deliverer, an utter stranger, of another nation than he, was easy marching-distance of the divinely appointed rcn- de/.vous. These two men one a man broken down in health, bearing on his shoulders the weight of many veal's of n-vcre hardships, and on his heart a heavier weight of anxieties and sympathy for the degraded, the other a young man borne up by the elasticity of youth, and lifeful in the freshness of hi-, noble work will be approaching each other, with what adven- tures we shall see hereafter. CHAPTER XXX. THK i>i:i.ivi: Mr. Stunl-y at Zan/iK-ir S-l< ctiiiir F"ll"Wt-r> -Africa,; ('iirrri'rv Curiosity I'li-ali-tic'l " S|M-^ ( \ I-'aiilit';iN " - HairaitU'Vo- Tin- Mriiiui Tin- Fn.::'icr f liari.ari-iin Th.> r>al<--h The W amrima The Halt c a>u- Aral. Km ;>ti>>n ul l;.i^ain-y.--'rh<- ,leuit Miii'ii Mr. Siaiili y 's H..II-C (in-at Preparation* - Mr. Maul. v an. I other- -Th.- K..III.- S. 1. l Tiif \V:ik^r.- The \V.t.|.-c K.-autil'iil Seen. TV "liiivK.im Kvi! " The \\.L-, .-uhli.i l!ai.'!-.in.- >:i\.u-.- 'I h.- \\ a," .-.-.. I >. alh anillkulty Munlcr Mi:. STAM.I:V land' <1 :it Z;in/il>ar n truiu M r. .lauio (innlon Jifiuu-tt of .\ sv Y>rk -\\itli full lilx-riv, unlitnititl as t> rx|MMiM-s, \\ith ln-i onli-rs i->ii(lcii-cnc." JJi^ dutv \v:i> vcrv i-Icarlv -ft forth, and In- w;u*< :inTf to ilo it. Ilr hroii-^lit with him to Zan/ibar \\iii. La\v- ri'iii-i- 1'anjuliar, \\hohad attnu'ttxl hi- attention ;t- tir-t mate ii tin- vi--fl iu whii-h he had -ailrv of .Icru-alrin, who had \n-i-\\ rnijiloviil :.- in!' rpi'cti r. Alxiiit. tin- little niielni-., Mr. Stanley U'-jan ; rnni' 'diatelv tunning hi-> armv for the arduous enterprise !':;' llMll. '1 he .-eleet H !! <>t a inree of at I el n lall t - i- | U'ol >al ll V the ino-t inijMirtaiit part of thr preparation f. >r -m-h an e\pe \' rv P n nt aU-nt hi- pnrpo-e^ and plan-. lltj ..!"\\'-l no oin- to Kn^w more than \\a.- written on his card ON AFRICAN SOIL. .V>1 " Henry M. Stanley," " New York Herald." People high and low were ga/.ing in perplexity at that bit of eard-lxjard when Mr. Stanley embarked his expedition for the African coa-t, on the 5th of Februarv. A white man namecrfected, two horses, two donkeys, and almost a boat-load of " money," Mr. Stanley entered the harbor of Bagamoyo, early in February, 1871. " Bngntnovo is a small port on the Mrima; this narrow strip )f land has attracted the ga/.e of the civilized world, beeati.-e of its conspieuou.s connection with the slave-trade; within theeoast limits of this small district are to be found the ports through which by far the greater number of human Ix'ings bought or captured or kidnapped in the interior are shij)pexl abroad. There are Mombasah, Bueni, Saadani, Whinde, Bagamovo, Kaole, Kenduehi, Dnr Salaam, Mbnamaji,and Kilwa, with their records of violence, just as they have been seen by so many thousands of helpless victims of ' man's inhumanity to man,' ira/ing the last time toward their homes." The traveller, who approaches this famous coast from the sea, is constrained to ga/e with peculiar interest on the scene which lies before him. "On one side," writes Mr. Burton, " lies the Indian ocean, illimitable toward the east, dimpled with its 'anerithmon gelasma,' and broken westward bv a thin line of foam, creaming upon the whitest and finest of sand, the detritus of coralline and madrepore. It dents the coast deeplv. forming bavs, bayou-;, lagoons, and backwaters, where, after breaking their force upon burs and black ledges of sand and rock, upon liabolitos or sun-stained masses of a coarse conglomerate, and upon strong wiers planted in crescent shape, the waters lie at re-t in the arms of the land like sheets of oil. The points and 'slets formed bv these sea-ts of white :uil nil mangrove. When the tide is out tin- enne--haped nxt-wirk -npi>orting each tnv ri.-cs uakeil from the divp s4-a-"/c ; para-itieal oysters cluster over the trunk.- at water levi-1, anl Utwecn the adults rise slender votm-j shoot-. tipjM-d \\ith bunches of brilliant green. The purr white .-anil i- Itoiind together bv a kind of convolvulus, whose lar^'e He-hv leave- and lilac-colored flowers cnvp along the loo-e .-nil where, rai-ed high above the (x-can level, the eoa.-t i- a wall of verdure. 1'lot- of bald old trees, bent by the regular bree/e-, U-trav the jM)-itions of settlements, which, general Iv sheltered fr-iin si^ht, be>priid\le the coast in a long stnigglinj; line like the -ubtirbs of a ]Hipitloiis city. Thirteen of these settlcmcnt.- \\ere ei'.UIlted ill II >|>aee of thret- miles. Here and there the in 'inotonv of ^reen i- n lieved I iv dwarf earth-eliH'- and .-catir- ot'rnf'Hi- hn-. And IM liinil the foreground of alluvial plain, at a di-taii'-e varving from three to live mile-, ri-e- a blue line of higher le\-el conspicuous even from Xan/ibar i-land - the frontier of the wild men. In the narrow -trip between thi- fpintier of ab-o!ute barbarism and the coa-t, the region we liave dex rib'-d, where the >cin i -ci v i 1 i/.at ion ha- it.- fmithold. tlie principal part of the population are -oldiers, \\lm call tlieni- -e]ve- I5aloeh. Manv of them were bum iii Arabia, \\here thev were fakir-, -ai!or-, porter-, and day-laborers, barber-, date- L'leaiier-, be'j-jar-, and thieve-. Tin v are a turbulent braL r L r a- d'.-ir, -, t : a- vnuuLT men. with no loftier ambition than mav be j_"-:it:!'n-d in -moking, chatting, and idle <-ontroversv ; a- old nun tli'-v ai-i- -il!\, babbling patriarchs with \\hiie ln-ard-, telling '.- . Mii.li-Mii- >tories fif former times and di-tant jihu-e-.. VHIMIL: or '.I, th'-v ar<- notorious liars and vagabond-. Ne\t to tlie-e in diirnitv are th.- \\amriina, who-c liighol a-|uiation i^ the privi!' _' of idlenc-v. and bixnrv, which comi*> ca-ilv to them b\- nn-enipnloii- <\aeiion> Iroin travellers and traders, and the I:-!-. r of :!i. -lave- \\lio en!li\-ate their field-. Minjlinu' ^^it^l tlii- -oldii-r- and \\ amrima are mum-roii- r-pr -enJative- of the in!:iad 'rib. - in varioij- eapaeitie-. I he ha!f-ea-te Arab, too, i- a r i :i-piei|, ,11- hara'-ter in lie- inotle\ -.H'ietv of Mrima. A d'_-r:i'!'l lieen'ion- ela--, Invinj; the freedom from restraint, ,',h;. !i ;- th- li'-en-e of bai bari-m, and wearing with Iwia-tful JKSITI' Ml SMI ON. 5',3 pride the insignia of his Arabic origin, chafing under the con- tei.ipt in which lii- Mark .skin is held, ami pampering tin* In.-tM of his black blood. Among Mich people the Kuro|>can or American must not expect to find anv appreciation of his earn- e-t ideas of life. It i- onlv natural that the davs should lx> passed in drumming, dancing, aim drinking, gossip, squabble, and intrigue. Bagamovo i> a repre.-enfMive town of Mrinia, and when Mr. Stanlcv landed there, it was amidst such people, and surrounded hv .Mich .-eenes. And the dignitary on whom it devolved to welcome him as one ^reat man welcomes another was no less a personage than the Jemedar (commander we would >av) of the soldiers stationed there. This gentleman came for ward adorned with a long trailing turban, to shake the Gran- ger's hand, and assisted in the debarkation of the expedition. Rut at Bagamovo Mr. S:an!ev found also cordial welcome at the hands of the members of the Je.Miit mi-Mon, established at that place under Father Superior Horncr, who oi1'ereo far as to take up his abode there, he enjoyed exceedingly such visits a< h<- jiaid tin 1 " fathers." "The mi-sion." says he, " lbrm> ijiiite a village of itself, numbering some fif.een or sixteen houses. There are ten padres engaged iu the i'stablishn)ent and as manv >i~rer-. They have over two hundred pupils, hoys and girls in their care, and all of then) seemed to be making good proirrc--." Mow much haj)pier would have been all eastern Africa to-dav, if tliese earnest men and their predecessors had onlv put>U'-d the wi-er course of making the ab.-olnte conver-ion of ni'-n their pnmarv aim and the ground-work of the relbrmation tliev .-on^ht to effect. Immediately on landing;, ^^!. Stap.ley M-!ccti d himself a IrniM 1 in the outskirts of the village, and -ct about coinplctin^ !ii~ arrangements for his march to \"}'\\. And Midi a ta-k ! !!; parties through whom he was obliged to opc:ate. in order to secure carriers at Bagamovo, \\ire dilatorv and extortionatt-, and it was onlv after a great deal of annovance and delav. a young man, who announced him>elf as Soor Ilailji I'alloo. made his appearance, and informed Mr. Stanley that, he had 5T>4 IN MA Iiril I NO ORDER. l)oen requested to serve him, by Tarya Topnn, a wealthy merchant of Zan/ilmr. l>v tin- conjtcration of this mail, tlu 1 irMds were fmallv all on the \vav to I'livanvemlx 1 . It had not ... U-en thought \vix for a lar_'e ninnlH-r of jHsiplc, \vitli .-o much protMTtv, to -et out in a -in^le eompanv. '1 IH-V had, therefore, i>-eti -eparated int< five di-iinet caravans, start in;; at different tiling, -o as id put Mjrne dav- U tueen them, Mr. Statilev him- .-elf lirin^in^ up tlic r<-ar of t!i<- la-t caravan, \\hich inovctl a^vav i'roin liu^amovo on tin' 21-t of March, cxa< > tlv .-<'Vciitv- thrt- r- g:ini/.itl or furni.-lud. I Inn- \\crc in all "thrc* 1 white nn-n, twentv-thn. .-..idifi>, f'liir ^UjMTntuneraries, lour t-hirf-., and one hundred and fifty-three 1 pa^a/i~, t\\vntv--rvcn nkc\--, and one i-irt ; con\-i-vin^ rlnth, \ :id~, and \vir-, Incit-li \iii'j<, tent-, (ookini; Utf-n-ils, and di-he.sj medicine, p'\\d'-r, ^inall .-hot, inn-ki-t l>al!-, and inctallif cartridge.-, in-truinent.-, and -mall in-<'i- ari< -. .-u-h a- -":tj>, Mi^ar, ten, .<)!]'. LirLi-'- <-\i!M-t of nii-at, pfinmn-:in, candli -,<(<., making in all oni- hundred and flflV-three ln;ids. ThcW(-apo|)S of d( t'ellee \\hi--h the expedi- tion po--. -~ei \teen- .-li hr--'i h-lo:id- !'-, on Joei-'.vu lirceeh-loader, one elephant ritle, (-irrvin^ Kail- ei-lit to the pound; two hn eeh- loading n-volv- er*. t'ventv-foiir mu.-ki-is itlint hn-k-1, fix -i\ lun-.-lled pi-i-.l^, ;ie li:ittle-a\e. t v. < > -\v.i;-d-, t \\ o ilaju'er- ' I '< r- i:i 1 1 Kumnier- , pur-'ha-'d !>v Mr. Stanh-v at Shira/, one l4iar -hear, t\\o . \m-ri- e;m a\<--. l"iir pounds eaeh, tuentv-lotir halehet-, and t '.\iiit v- f'.ur l>u!ehe|- Kjiive-. N " I ! i i 1 1 'j had \:--\\ -linr-d, i \vr\ i hii:j \va- pr'. id'd. Nothing hail IM--H iloiie Inirnedlv, \ el . v- i \ t!iin_' hid I- -n piireh:i- d, inati'ifaetiired >! i'-led, and e.iin- jM.und' '1 u ith tlie utni'i-t di-j ateh, I'on-i-jeut *.\ ilh efliej. n"-v :::.d III' til-." 'I'l.e >1|ei-c.- i,f lai'.lire depemjeil, Ulld- I' ( i"d, "II til" one in in u ho r< .d'- t-Kind tie- !a-f ear.ivan, "ih-- V i::jil:ifd, :li.- thin !-. r, t L'- \\ i! ! o|' t !i- e\ j..-dit i' n;." \\ earn. 1. 1 rn ori 1 in d.-t.ii! l!i>- advejitun-. .,!' Mr. Sianh-v or ti," ih :! n 1 - "! !i:- |o::rn.-\- t" \ jiji. 'I In- faih-r \\h'> h.i- no; lia-l o-f-a-ion t" ii'iti'i ear-lu!!\ the route- of the different truv- MR. STANLEY'S KOUTK. 553 oilers whoso names are associated with the Lake Tanganyika, rnav need to bo cautioned against the mistake of confounding Mr. Stanley's route with those of his predecessors. He did not adopt the path of Burton and Speke, afterwards traversed hv S|>eke and Grant. Although the general features of the country between Zanzibar and I'jiji were already comparatively well known, Mr. Stanley cannot be thought of a.s simply marching along a highway ; and while, being sent on a special errand, he had not the liberty of turning aside for the purpose of making discoveries, he deserves an honorable place among those who have rendered valuable service in unveiling the mysteries, of Africa. lie was in Africa to find Dr. Livingstone, and the faithful- ness with which he resisted the temptation to select a route which might draw to himself the attention of geographers proves how wisely Mr. Bennett had selected, in looking for a man to be intrusted with M> sacred a mission. I jiji was, of course, the point toward which he directed his steps, not that lie expected to find the object of his search there, but because lie- had reason to hope that there he might find some clue to his whereabouts. The contract with Soor Hadji L'alloo provided for the transportation of the expedition to Unyanyembe, which we will remember is within twelve or thirteen davs march of Ijiji. "There were three routes from Bagamoyo to I'nyanvembe, either of which might have been taken ; two of them had already been described minutely by Messrs. Burton, Speke, and Grant ; the other, more northern and direct, was said to lead through northern U/aramo, I'kwcre, I'kami, IMoe, I'seguhha or l'.-e- gura, I "samara, l T gogo, and Unyanxi ; " this route was adopted bv Mr. Stanlev. The distance frum Bagamoyo to I'nvunvt m!>e, according t<> Mr. Stanley, is by direct measurement about three hundred and sixty miles, nearly six degrees of longitude, but " the sinuoMtv of the path taken bv caravans, which in Africa follows the easier, less dangerous, and more available courses, extends the distance to be traversed to over five hun- dred miles." Mr. Stanlev set out on this long journey full of enthusiasm, which communicated itself to the whole party ; and it was no wonder that the residents of Bagamoyo looked on with curious 33 0*>6 FIRST LESSON IN HfNTINO. admiration as the lont; line filed away up the <% narrow lane, aero-.- which tin- mimosa iHMi^h* wove a royal arch in sevmini; con-ciousnes,-. The -oldiers sin;:, the carriers shouted, and the kiranjMi/i fluttered the l>eantifnl Amcru-un flai; a- proudly as he could have done it he had under.-tood the siifiiitimiifU of tho*e -tar- and -tripe>." Mr. Stanley wa- not a youth, hut his heart hounded with youthful joy. and he lifted up hi- lace toward the pure s/lowin:: -kv and cried, "(Jod IM- thanked!" " The road w;t- onlv a foot path," winding acro-s the surface .it .-plendid soil, between gardens and field-, where almndance .it ejrain ami vegetables rewarded the heedless lal>or of the \\a-awahili. Theetter dre-sed. and make a little more respectable ajijM-arance than tho-c farther we-t. I.ut the Mood of the bar- liarian i- there, and the caravan had ii"t proceeded manv miles In-fore Mr. Stanley wa- surrounded li\- a-toni-hed crowds of men and women \\ ho were ali-olutelv inii"cei:t of clothing, all ^ r a/in^ on the " IJa-uiiiMi " I white man', iautfhiu^ and pointing tlr-ir tinker- like children at the various objects which .-vtnedition had his imtiatorv le--.ui -hooting . \trican Bailie. '1 hi- turbid -tream is {amou- tor it- hippopotami. It i- jn-t -udi a -tream a- the-c hn_'e creature- have -peeial delight in. It- bank- siippoj-te*! the t.inioii- ]iiiiu r '''- of e;iant reeds and matted climber-, ov-r- -hado\ved bv enormoii- fb|-i--t tree-, and threaded bv creek- and !>..'_"j\ -Iniee-. and all aero-- it- bed Ini^c ma--e- of rock broke tiie t'..|ee of the current and formed iddie-, counter-currents and in infinite -nee, --ion of -hallow- and deep pla . -. While hi.* ji.artV \\e|'e bell).: iflJIVeVl^l aefo-- bv the cailoc Illel), StailleV -et ::!HHI! ii-t!iiL r thi- aei-iirai-y and fbrci- ot'hi- jun-. Hi- Winchester :.!! a'no'isi 1 ' ! !> :i' i' hin_ r ; one old fellow wa- tapped i-!o-e to r!.e ri"'ht '.i!. :i:i 1 onlv turned around a- it' to immip into the 1 !! ' ']'.' - - -A a -;>"! pii\\d'-r and bal I. 1 hi" old '/ lit leinaii i .i-ei veil til" lie- !' ''"'Ml the -l||i,..th bur-- VcfV ditVelVlltlv ; bellowing II' ' . I l' I . I I II '.'..Mi j>;iiM, i 1 1 - -in I >lnr_r in t lie a_" mi. - o) (leatti he re'-led a li ! in 1 1 -nt and lei ! .|. i \ n d'-ad. I In- pit. mi- ^r. .an- ot the am - ph.biou- iii'in-'i-r t..i|e|i -d a tender p!a--e ..(' Mr. Stanley'- heart, 'i: -i- d a \ i\ !': 'in : ! ru-1 ^pin-f A BEArTIFUL DISTRICT. f>.*>9 The caravan had in the meantime crossed safely, men, balofl, donkeys and baggage, and (he long line moved oil' over a much more beautiful district than had yet been seen ; fir-t splendid park-like hinds, next through a grove of young cl)ony trees, \vhe.rc guinea fowls and hartbeests were seen ; then winding about with all the characteristic ecccntrie curves of a goat path, up and down a succession of land waves, crested by the dark gm-n foliage of the mango, and the scantier and lighter-colored leaves of the enormous calabash. The depressions wen- filled with jungle, while here and there were open glades, shadowed even during noon bv their groves of towering trees. As the strange cavalcade passed along, every living thing seemed to be in con- sternation, " flocks of green pigeons, javs, ibis, turtle-doves, golden pheasants, quails and moor-hens, with crows and hawks, flew awav in terror, while here and there a solitary pelican was seen bearing oil' from the doubtful scenes on statclv winettled there from Mrima and Zan/.ibar. The next stage brought the expedition to Ko-ako, the frontier village of I 'k were, perched on a little hillock sur- rounded bv an impenetrable jungle of thornv acacia. Mr. Stanlev was now fiiirlv in the midst of' African scene:*. The wilderness was broken onlv bv the little villages which evcrv now and then appeared peeping through the crevices of their wonderful fortresses of acacia, and the people were fully up to the average in genuine African characteristics. And thenceforward the journey was the monotonous succession of delavs, extortions, short marches, fever-, los^s and anxieties which distinguish all such expeditions. The \Vakwere were not strong enough to be bold, but thev were mean enough to bo annoving, and sustained their reputation for di-honeMv with evident pleasure. And they supported their claims to African nativity by as varied devices and as characteristic development* 500 PKTrRES^UE SCENERY. SL* any tril>e could l>oa>t of. The belles of the district, as is the wont ami undisputed right of their sex, were conspicuous by a fondness fur delight in braont the wrists and ankles and the various styles their insipid heads ex- hibited and lengthy nock laces dangling alnuit their blaek and shining bodies \vhile their |><>or lonls were obliged to l>e eon- tented with dingy torn clouts and split ears. Cm ing the I 'ngerengeri, a beautiful river with a broad fertile valley, on the western border of I 'k were, and passing thron_rh the narrow belt uf eon n try which is all that is left to the warlike remnants of the once powerful Wakatni tribe, the yoiinu r traveller entered the territory of the Wadoe, a people full oi traditions, vrho have alwavs defended themselves brnvelv again-t tin- encroachments of neighbors and the inva-in- of niarand-T-. Thev are describe*! a> nobler looking than the Wakwere or Wakami, with a lighter shade and inm-e intelligent east of feat uns. The region thev inhabit mi_rht w-l! have U-en guarded bv them with jealous courage. Speaking "f it, Mr. Stanlev savs : " It i- in apjx-aranec ani"iiL r -t the nio^t pietunxjiie countries In'tween the ena^t and l*nvanveml>e. (In-at ennes shix't upward above the everlasting !i>iv~t~, tipped bv the liirht fliTcv elntids, through which the warm irlM- tempt him to curioi!- wandering bv their b-;nitv and m\-trv and 'jran- denr. I5ut tho-e 1.. velv ^!:i-l'- ami '|ii'-'-ii!v hill- told -:n|ilc-t -tori'- of eriii-1 d-el-, and wfoii'j- irre|iarabli-. It i- the old n'orv ; envious evil ea^'T'lv m\:i'l'- with it- polluting prc-enee ho-'- -acp-d -pot- where all i- lov li--t ; inl- rn il malice mars \\ith -t r.iii::' d-'li _'ht u hat i- lauti!'ul and pnri . ' >n man tir-t, en-ftfio:/- inner court, the author ..(' evil ti\',| hi- reven^'-t'nl T'-. rind r- -f-d not until lln- i-rU' 1 I'li.'ht had fall- n on all ih-' Imiutv n:id pun''.. And human depravitv, 1 k'- the malic*' of , h:t worn it.- dark'-t -cowl .-unid the |ove|i--t -< m--, and FOKKSTS AND BARBARIANS. 501 (lvcl the records of its infamv the (Uv|>Cht into those pagca of nature where the eve of (iod and the ga/e of angels dwell ollencst. Attacked by the joint forces of the Wuseguhha from the not and north, and the slave-traders of Whinde and Sa'a dani from the cast, the \\adoe have seen their wives and little ones carried into .-lavcry a hundred times. And their courage hoi not prevented the more powerful allies from cutting away dis- trict alter district from their country. Their superiority was their misfortune, the beauty and intelligence of their women tempted the lustful Arabs, and the fertility of their soil tempted their neighbors. The Arabs found it ca.-y to find allic.-> in the.-e covetous neighbors for their slave-wars. Leaving the Wadoe, Mr. Stanley journeyed on, through I se- guhha, whose lords have come into their titles by their unholv alliance with the traders. Most conspicuous in this country was the stronghold of Kisabengo, which had descended to his daughter before Mr. Stanley's visit. The Wascgiihha made their appearance at everv village armed with muskets which had been the reward of their marauding services. With this great advantage thev were easily the scourge of that part of Africa. Their country is sterile and mountainous, furnished with glootnv forests and inaccessible passes, just such a region as we would expect to ibstcr the barbarous instincts of it- rude inhabitants. Journeying through this region the traveller mav congratulate himself on the strength of his escort, and he will find u.-e for his full stock of patience and forbearance. It was plea.-ant to descend from these inhospitable hills into the district of I >uara, annum' a people reflecting in their characters, like tho.-e of I 'doe, the gentler sceiierv which surrounds them. The Wasagaru were naturallv a little suspicious, as the victims of the Arabs and their a ociates are always, but thev soon per- ceived that the white man was of di He-rent spirit, and then the excellences of their character were readily revealed, and thev proved themselves a frank, amiable, and brave people. " 1 he Wasagara, male and lemale. tattoo the forehead, bo.-oiu. and arms. Besides inserting the neck of a gourd in each ear, which carries his little store of tobacco and lime, he carries ipiitc a number of most primitive ornaments around hi> in-ck. Midi as 5<>2 "A HAM))MK Yor.\<; SAVACK." two or throe snowv cowrie shells, rarvcd pints of wood, a small ^oal^horn, some metlieinc, conseerated bv the medicine-man of the trilx 1 , a fund t' white or ml l>eads, two or three pierced Suiigoiuax/i e^-lx-ads, < >r a -trim; of copjH-r, ami sometimes small bra-.- chain-, \\hich tiny have pmvha.-ed from Aral) traders." "A youthful WasiLrara," continues Mr. Stanley, "with a faint tin^e nf ochre embrowning the dull black hue <>f his facr, \\ith f>;ir or five bright copjHrr coins ranged over his forehead, with a tinv <_">urd'- neck in each ear, with a thousand ringlets, well 'jiva-ed and ornamented with bits of bra^-, his head well thrown back, hi- broad ehe>t forward, with his mu-eular arms and well-proportioned limb-;, reproent.s the bctin-iilcul of a hand-ome voun-^ African savage." Little better tliaii thi'ir ea.-tern neij^hlmrs are the Wago^o, \vho-e territory ]\i\* that ot' the NVjtsagara (| n the \\c-t. It W:LS the L'.'iili day of Mav when the t-ner^etie vouni; traveller Cliteretl the dangerous land ot I ^o^o. He had les4il through the territories ot the NVakomj, NN'akwere, \\adoe, \\'a*e u r ura, Waxiijara, and \\ohehe. Had rroe Kin^aiii, I *n_'i-ren^<-re. Little Makata, ( ireat Makata, Ivudewa, and Mu- kondokwa. He had di-covered t!ie -oiirce* ol' the KiiiL r ani, (he \\ami, and the Mukondokwa rivers, ami the Lake I "-joinlM). T'.\o hor-e-< and -eventeen donkeys had dud; vanoii- article* had di-a|>|>< an-d under t he pre--nre ot <-ireini)~taiie.- or -ome body. Several pe-ja/i- had de-erted, -oine had died, and l-'anpi- hai- had be.-ii h-tt behind -ii-k. Thi- \\a- a ni-\v people, unlike l!io-" ainoii'^ whom h<- had been, with new pen!-. A -ferile plateau, eoveidl 1 1 v t|,c nio'-t elaiiiii-h and i-o\e!,ni- extortioner^. A powerful ti'ibe, | M i--e--iii'_r remarkable ph\~ie;d and mental development, not unbl the familiar ne_-ro l\ pe in general ap pearanci-, the \\ a M-JO i- at the -ame tune a tribe of proud, ! !'"' i"'l- Mlell. look III'..' \'. Itll I'OVi'toIl- eve o|| llie _' ..... 1 - nf cVi'l'V l:a\--i!e|-, and read\ on ;li' -lijhle-t oeea-ion to prKiiil to anv !' -II .'id- ot' \ iolelier-. .\ 'I|M||_' t ll - peopli- Mr. SrailleV U a- -llb- j--. ted t'l ;he in"-! unna-onable tine-; and although he \va-^ v. !! tuini-lied '.\:ih ritl---. n \\a- \>:\ inanife-i ihat in their o\\ n t i-' u -- -. :i- rlj. \- \\e|-e, and -Nvainiin^ in -u- ii \a-t nnnibei-. p. .!-,. v ,a- \\-ll !..iM.:iit at anv price. The \i!l.,-.N \\eieall lor- THE WAfifXiO WAItUIOK. '>(>j trows, the whole pnlation was habitually pquipjM>d tor ex- tremities. Speaking of his experience among them, Mr. Stanley savs : " As \vc passed th<' numerous villages and |>ereeived the entire face of (lie country to he one v:ust grain-field, and eounted the peoj)le everywhere in Croups, hy scores ga/ing on the white man, I eon hi not wonder at their extortionate demands, for it was evident that thev had only to stretch out their hands and take whatever the caravan possesses 1 and I began to think better of them, because, knowing well their strength, they did not use it without restraint." The Waijogo warrior is always equipped ; his weapons arc- n. bow, a .-heal' of long, murderous-looking arrows, pointed, pronged, and barbed ; a couple of light, beautifully made asse- gois, a broad sword-looking spear, with a blade over two ieet long; a battle-axe and a knob club. He carries also a shield, painted with designs in black and white; this i> oval shaped, and made of the rhinoceros, elephant, or bull hide. The vil- lages are full of these warriors. It was weary, anxious march- ing, through jungles of gum and thorns, over ru-j^ed hill-, and across scorching plains, with such neighbors. Over and over he was saved from serious trouble by the wisdom of " Speke's faithfuls," who knew well the habits of the people. Hut vil- lanous as they mav be, the Wagogo believe in (iod or the " Skv Spirit," whom thev call Mulungn, and they address pravers to him when their parents die. Mr. Stanley records a conversation which he had with a Magogo trader, which mav be interesting as revealing something of the character and belief of the tribe: S. " Who do von suppose made vour parents?'' T. "Why, Muluugu, white man!" S. " Well, who made you".'" T. " It' (Iod made mv father, Clod made me, didn't he?" S. "\\ell, that's very good. Where do voii >nppo-e vour father is gone to. now that he is dead?" 1. " 1 he tlead die," said he, solemnlv, "thev arc no inure. The sultan (chief) dies; he becomes nothing: he i- then no better than a dead dog, he is finished, his word- arc tini.-hed, there are no more words from him. It i< true." he added, sit- ing a smile on my t'ae ( \ "the sultan becomes nothing. He who sayb other words is a liar, there ! " 604 I>I:ATH A.VI> MATRIMONY. S. " Hut then he is a verv great man, is he not?" T. "While he lives, only ; after death he goes into the pit, and then- is no more to IK- said of him than of any other man." S. " HOW do voti burv a Mgtigo?" T. "His l.-j- are tied together; his right arm to his body, and hi- left put under his head ; he is then rolled on his left .side in the grave. Hi- doth he wore (luring his life is spread over him ; we put the earth over him, and put thorn bushes over it to prevent the hveiia from getting at him. A woman is put on her left side, in a grave apart from the man." S. "\\hat do voii do with a Mil tan (chief) when lie IA lead?" T. '' \\ e burv him, too, of course; only he is buried in the mid-lie "f the village, and we build a house over it. Iv.ieh time they kill an ox thev kill it In-fore hi- grave. Wh< ;i tin- old sultan die- the new one call- for an ox and kill- it before his grave, calling n Mulungu to \\nne-- that he i- the rightful sultan. He then di-tnbiite- th in a' in hi- father- name. S. " \\ ho -Uecced- the sultan '.' 1- he t lie elde-t -(Ml'.'" T. " ^ <~, it he has a son ; if' childlc , the great chief' next to him in rank. The m.-.-ejira i- the next to the sultan, \\ho-c bii-ine-- it is to hear the cau-c of complaint and couvev \\ to the Rllltall, who through the sllltail di^H-llSO* jll-tice. He receives the hon_ r a, carries it to the -ultan, and when the ,-ultan has taken what he wi-h'-s the re-t goe- to the nisagira. The chiefs are. -all- (| manva-para ; the m-a:_ r ira i- the chief' manva-para.'' S. " How do th-- Wa^o'/o marrv ? " T. " < >!i, thi v buv their uoinen." S. " \N hat i- a \\oinan worth '.' " T. "A verv poor man can buv hi- wife from her father for two -joat-." S. " Ilo-.v much ha- the -ultan got to pav'.'" 1 . " II'- ha- '_'"( to pav about one hundred -joat-, or -o manv (..'.-, or -o manv -li--e|i and foal-, to hi- bride'- lather. < >1 '"i::-e In i- a ehi-f. I he -ultan would not buv a coinnioii '.voinan. I h< father'- eoii- nt i- to IM- obi tin. d. ai:d the ea!tle h i\e to L- jiv n U|>. It take- manv dav- !> lin;-li the talk ib"iit it. All the fi!uii\- and tin- fi'i'-nl- of the l>nc we do, and punish the man with death who bewitches cattle or stops rain." There was very little temptation to loiter in Ugogo, and all possible expedition was used in passing through it. Mr. Stan- ley was exceedingly anxious to reach I'nvaiiyembe. He had already picked up bits of information which encouraged him to hope that he might soon be able to report the success of his mission. Early in April, while on the banks of the I'n^cr- engcre, he had met one Salim bin Rasheed, who -aid, " I -aw the musungu (white man), who came up from the Nva~.-a a long time ago, at I'jiji last year. He lived in the next tembe tome. He has a long white moustache and beard. He was then about going to Marungu and I'niema." On the IStli of May Sheikh Abdullah bin \\Vif had called at his cnmp at Mpwapwaand told him "the miHiiiiLru has ijone to Manvuema, a month's march from I |iji. He h;i^ met a bad accident, having >hot him-ell' in the thi_h while out hunting butl'aloes. \\"hen he ^ets well he will return tol'jiji." Stimu- lated bv these rwports everv energy wa.- exerted, and on the thirtieth ilav after enteriun I "u'"J.'" Mr. Stanley was in I nyun- yembe, at the village ot' K wihara. lie had been singularly successful thus far, and though he had been pretty thoroughly initiated into the vicissitudes of -4>b A "HOT BREAKFAST. African travel, and had had *ome severe touches of the ills which everv >t ranker who jn-net rates these wilds mn.*t count on, he stood in t'liyanyembc in goml spirits, ami *anguine of Mict*-. More than once. Providence >cemed to have interposed for him ; not onlv had he U-en sustained in *cveiv illness, and saved from encounter* with the nativi-*. who *< frcijuentlv seemed to !* *et on a attack : there had lieeii particular JHT- .*jnal danger* ; *everal linns hi* men had threatened mutinv. ()nt- particularly, he \\a> gmciouslv preserved. The two white men whom he had employed had In-come exceedingly disa- greeahle ; thev \\efc Utterly Worthlc*.-, lint the proelice of white fa aking tongue* wa* a ^n-at relict' in tho mid*t of *o much degradation. Mr. Stanley continued the kindest treatment; hut on the morning of the loth of Mav, \\hile trotihles w.-re in full force, \\hen the-e two men were in- vited to l>reakla*t a* n*nal, it wa* evident, Iroin their *urlv greeting, that something \\a* the matter. Stanley had overheard them a *hort time In-fore in loud and an-jrv conver*ation. and now their countenance- and manner < 'Mivineed him that their niL' 1 ' wa* a^ain-t him. " Break tii-t ua* hrought on. coii*i*ting of a roa*t ipiarter of goat, *te\\cd liver, *wcct jMitatoe*, hot pancake*, and cotVev." And turning toShavv, Mr. Stanley reijiie-ted him to earve and help l-'arijuhar. Tin* *cemed to In- the *i-jnal fora rupture, und Shaw replitnl, in the mo*t in.-ulting manner, " \\ hat dog's meat i- thi* '.' " ' What do yon mean '.' " a-ked Staidey. Whereupon Shaw tiroke nut in a r:c_ r e of ahuse. lie would hear no n-mon*t ranee, lie \\a* al-oh)te!v in*en-ilile to all rea-on, and per-i>tei| in hi* n id' in -- until M r. Stanley knocked him ! i\\ n. \\ hen he aro*e he demanded a di*< - hari.'e Irom the company, and Stanley im- me-iiati !\ ordered h:- thin-* all ! put ii"\\n oiit*ide of the camp, and told him to -<,. It \\..n!d ha\'e l.e, n I., tier if Stan- le\ h.id I,.,; r-\..kii| thi* deei-ii.n ; Imt tint \cr\ ni-ht Shaw -ent in -n h hirnl.!'- IIH --a-- - that he \\ a- all^uid t" return. 'I h if lit'!-- Lit 1. 1' e|. Hi- nev came n. :i|- In in- the ruin of the i \p< dlt t"!l. I IP t:i in - am- l.ai'k '.v ;th \pre--:iin- '! det-p repentance, a*- *nrin_' **tan!- \ '!. i' he -h-.'ild :ie\-'-r ha\e . M -ea-ion .. find fault SHOOTING IN SLEEP (?) 5 hi- revolver.- he ru-hed out of the tent, and tisked the men around the watch-tires, '' \\ Ji<> shot?" They had al! jumped up, startled by the report. "Who fired that gun?" "liana Mdogo " (little ma-ten, said one of the men. This was the title by which Shaw wa- known. Lighting a candle, Stanley walked with it to Shaw'-* tent, and after calling him several times succeeded in getting a response. Fain ing to be half asleep, Shaw said, " Kh eh, fire, me fire did you sav ? I've been asleep.'' lint his gun wa- lying by him. Stanley put his hand on it, the barrel was -till warm, and the mark of fresh-burnt powder was on his hand. The man then tried to excuse himself by saying that he had Ixru dreaming, and thought that he was shooting a robber. There could be no doubt in Mr. Stanley's mind that this wa- a deliberate attempt to murder him. Looking back over the wav he had been led, he felt constrained to thank (iod for hi- goodncss ; and is it not a notable coincidence that, at almo-t the .same hour in which the lianian slaves were plotting for the destruction of Dr. Livingstone, a similar peril should have been impending the lite of Mr. Stanlev? and both were spared. Surely there can be no doubt that the same watchful eve was over them both, and that the same Providence which revealed the wicked purposes of the Banians disappointed the murdei'ous intention of the white mail. CHAPTKR XXXI. r.NYANYK.MHK. j'railttions of !*nynimvr/i Tin- Apjx'untMrr of tin- Country Thf Soil " Fnirr }|ount<" VillaL' 1 "- Tin- Wanyaniwi-/i Son* of Main I^>vrr> of Music -Mai'lin Foil. In. - f.-r I>is|,|ny 'i't a - I'arli. - Matmnly (M.SSJJ, T'nr <'lu!>-!: ...-us M.i-1-iiIiin- Vanitx HOII.C !.(' in I 'ny.iiiiui vi Tin- H..UM-S Th- I'n ni ii..- I "mill..' Hal! "<.-.-i I'.artli " Popular Pr :u 'f \V.in\ atiiwt /.i lainily All.o'ion \\"->inaii'-> K ^lit- I <>vr am! Law W:iiiy;t!iiMr/i. tin ir I'roliiilivnri' (irt.il Travdlrr* 'I In- "( arr:rr- " ! |-..i>l Afri-'.i \.ir\uii; i li.irai i-r l'iiyiin\ riulM- ( 'fittrul I'mviiifi 1 Ar.ili Sfttli-inritt - \1 r -'a:J- \ I 'H I'.i- )! i> .11 Say! l'in Salmi ^tanli-x '> l|oii-- Nlunilii^-nl Uo|.:i.i: ]'\ Vi-ii-T- from Talwira 1'alxir.i Villaiff . \rali l.iixurv I'ri-ini- n.-i.t An'.- ..f I;.l...r.i Mr. >!an!fy Viiis Tal>..ra Thr I .>nn. .1 ! \\.ir Mir.iiu!..- An I'nlia|i|iy Alliaip-i- Sii-ktu--- <'limatc ..!' I n\ ,in\ ml..- Tin- H.ittl- Array Ii.it--r an. I K.-Inat n.i.|fu! 1'L.t -Tl.,- l'l.,|-,- M n r.i. IT iniiv inti i-i -t tin- curious tn I'xatniiU' tin* fvidfiici's >i tin 1 ^raii'liiir o! I 'nv:im\vr/i in the in- ^n-at i-liirt- fain. Bui tin- modem traveller, intent on in\-teries euncealed in ri i..it T r<"_ r ii ni-, or reaehinj.j eap'Hv forward under tlie nr_" r.t pi'' --ui'i- u| -miif sfwcial ini>>ion, has liardlv tnm- lor jiaiii-iit invi -t i'/ation of' tin- thousand liint^ iVoin \\hii-h all eon- i-iii-ion. coiii-rnniiL' earlv . \lncan hi-tnrv nui-t !< drawn. It I'm- nioi-i- important tliat the roijntrv !> kno\,\n :i- ;i i-,, 1,,-i.ir,- \\.- IK.. >ni'- al>-i>rlna! and taliiilar lulU \\ind al>ont irregularly APPEARANCE OF I'N VA M WKZI. MO on the general undulation. There are no mountains. "The superjacent stratum is clay, overlying the sandstone, biised ii|N>n various granites, which in some places crop out, picturesquely disposed in blocks and Ixndders and Imp- domes and Inmpv masses; ironstone is met with at u depth varv ing from five to twelve feet, and hits of coarse ore have Ix-en found in t'nvan- yembe by digging not more than four feet in a chance -jnjt During the rains the grass conceals the soil, but in the drv sea- sons the land is grav, lighted up bv golden stubbles, and dotted with wind-distorted trees, shallow swamps of emerald grass, and wide streets of dark mud. Dwarfed stumps and charred ' black jacks' deform the fields, which are sometimes ditched or hedged in, whilst a thin forest of parachute-shaped thorns diversifies the waves of rolling land and earth hills, s|>otted with sunburnt stone. The reclaimed tracts and clearings are divided from one another by strips of primeval jungle, varying from two to twelve miles in length, and, as in other parts of Africa, the country is dotted with 'fairy mounts' dwarf mounds the ancient f.ites of trees now crumbled to dust, and the debris of insect architecture. Villages, the glorv of all African tribes, are seen at short intervals rising onlv a little above their im- pervious walls of lustrous green milk-bush, with its coral-shaped arms, variegating the well-hoed plains; whilst in the pa-tnrc lands herds of many-colored cattle, plump, round-barrelled and high-humped, like Indian breeds, and mingled ilocks of gnats and sheep, dispersed over the landscape, suggest idea- of bar- barons comfort and plenty." The proprietors of this soil are the typical race in this por- tion of central Africa; and their (i-i.i^arative industry and commercial activitv have secured them a conspicuous superioritv among the tribes. Thev are generally splendid specimen- of the genu< homo, so far as phvsical proportions mala' it up; tall and manly-looking, and endowed with remarkable strength and vowcrs of en- durance. But they are genuine sons of Ham notwithstanding; the deep brown hue and negroid features are unijuear!>aroit- monotonv of their strain-, furni.-h real amu-i m< nt. .Manv of the-e individuals are great improvisators, and delight to x\i-ave the latest jKjlitieal new- or personal .-eandal into their merry -on^. The national love of ornament al.-o prevail- in all its extrava- gance. ' From the hour that a maiden Ke^in- to :-all for mamma,*' says Mr. Stanley, "her ornament- are her con.-tant solicitude. She loves to hnik at the pl'ettv \vri-tlet- of red, veilow, white, and green Ix-ads \\hich re.-t upon her dark -kin in -u-h contrast; she love- to twine her lingers through the ieii'j-thv necklaces of variegated bead-, or to plav with the ln-nd !' !t that enc<>mpa.--e- her \vai-t ; >he even -et- them in her hair and l".v- t" !>' told that thev become her ia- \shat maiden d> ( - !!'['.' It i- a p!ea-ure \\ith IP r to p, ,--,-- a -jiiral \\irceinc- :un- i-veii though -he po--t --e- no garment to he supported hv it. Shi- auait- with impatience t!n-da\ \\hen .-he can he mar- ried, ain! have a cloth to fold around lnrl>dv until -he (-m have an: iii !' it v t" disjw-e of In r l. .n 1- tor t hi' cheap t m-i ! -old lv Aral' merchant.-." 'I In- grave matron-, t...,, di-|>!a\ di-pn-;- ti"ii- j!i! T - a- eoinpn lien-iiile to tin' ladies ot more vnli^hti ned land- a- i- thi- craving ot' the maidi-n- for \\ialth of ..rnamei.t. PI rhap- th-Te i- ijotliing more matronlv than tin- propen-itv whi-'!i ha- it- fullest indulgence in tho.-e evening gatheriiiL:- "I \\orlii-\\ide reputation a- tea-parti--, and, unjiii tiornhlv, the h'-in-v-ileiit champion- of 1'einale eonti ntnn nt \\iil hail \\ith de- !:_'!if tin- t'-timonv of an eve-\\ itne--. t hat he had "in vc- IM hi Id a;;\'!nir_ r -o approaching to happine-- and pi-rlee; contentnnnt :- tip fa < - of tin' old and voiiir_ r \\onn n of I nvam\\ /! ;;- hi v -I'innd at ,-un- t from the varimi- In MI-I - t-> -it and chat to- _: :!,'.' a!'ont tin' event- of the dav "|- th"-.- tn'c -n!>]'"t- of u:. . \ :'-;! :nti-ri--t in -u--h eirde-,. 1; i- a -ci in- t"r tin- ;v!i-t. 1'. :i ! mail- l.a- her ,-hort -!oo] and In r ^m\\ ing daiiL'hte." hv !', v. ho, \\ hile hi-r mother cha!- and -mki - \\ ith radi;mt f i' , :i i j. !.- !. r nil; :!! hand- in con\ ert ing her pan nt '- \s o.!lv .' !. - ::;'o a - i ! - of plait- and ringlet-. 'I In' i Idcf lil"a!< - p i: ''. ular!\ , -',M itN-d in a circle, \,. -in to ] cite tin :r \] r\< r>-< -, i !..." r;: j a'Aav hi.'- -v. al lo". -, r hl.e ladn-- ( !-. -,\ In n : in' '4 i! l.o',\ h, r . o\\ h .- -'oi.t.. d i_'i\ inj iniik; another how '"ell r.vKTiF.s. -!:e lias .HO Id litT milk to the white man ; another of what hap- |K'iietl in the field while she was hoeing ; another how her ma.s- tcr has not yet returned i'roni the capital, whither In- has gone ID -ell grail!-" MI- does ni)t sav that thev invade the -aer.-dne- of their neighbor's affairs, ur retail magnified stories of another's peccadilloes; possibly he wrote charitably, po--ib!v he was im- jK-rfeetlv informed, possiblv tho-e tilings were said in an under- tone, and possibly Zander i- an aeeoinplishment of civilisation; all things are possihle. lint the weaker sex eannot boast a monopoly oi' vamtv or social gossip in I'nvamwe/i anv more than thev can cl.-ewhere. The most elaborate impersonation of eivili/ed foppishness, who-e nnetnotis locks and waxened labial down have taxed the skill of masters in the tonsorial art, would crind his teeth in envv at the si^ht of one of those tall dusky odoriferous irnl hints of I'n- yamwe/i tossing his proud head, adorned with a fringe of jettv \voollv ringlets. And everv village has its jtublic room \\hieli corresponds to the popular club-rooms of nearer regions, ;i >nr \ of gentlemen's "gossip institute/' where "things in general " are discussed with startling acumen, as men are wont to di-en-- " thinirs in general'' in eivili/ed communities. l)urinu r idle times, and it is seldom there 1 are bu-v times, thev >moke (what would a clnb-room be without smoke V| and .-it 141 their heel-- thev have not learned the art of putting them above their lira-Is vet: eivili/ation will modify their u-e of the-e member- -th'-v sit on their heels now and smoke in' idle times, and di-eti-< the same matters perhaps a- have oeeujiied their wives aiid dau- r h- ter-. \\hile they talk one sharpens his spear-head, ano'her make- an axe-helve, or decorates hi- sword. Thev talk jiolii-es, ni'-n would die if thev didn't, and the dailv news: that t"" i- manlv, lint the witness dins not hint that thev -o l'u- \\t\\ t t !ie:n-e! ves a- to descant on the improprieties ot \h-~. tin-, or Mi-s that, or chuckle over the misfortune-; of Neighbor ?-onie- bodv. Civilization seems to have a nionopolv of thai -ort .f thing. The home liii' of these people i- to be found in ti;e teinb. Amonn- the |oorer tribe-; this dwelling i- onlv a -tack of -traw. but the better -ort of tembe has large projecting eaves snp|iorted by uprights. " Having no limestone, the people ornament ih* 572 HOMK I.IKK IN I-NYAMWK/.I. inner nnl outer walls of these aUnlts with long lines of ovals, for nut 1 lv pressing tin* tips of tin* fingers, after dipping them into a-h< --. ami water for whitewash, and into ml clav or Mark mud for variety of color. With this primitive 1 material tlu-v sometime-, a!-o, attempt rude imitations of nature of human U-in_ r -i anl .-crjH-nts. Mude ear vi tig is also attempted on tin' ma. ive p.i-ts at the entrance of the villages. Within, the principal article, which l>y its remarkable dimensions attract.- attention, i- the Ixd-tead. This essential of familv life consi-t- of pe ( led tn e-branehe-, silp|M)rtetl bv forked sticks, provided with a I'l-dilin^ of mats and cowhide, and occupies the greater portion of th<- room. Tlicre is a triangle of clav cones forming a h'-urth ; tin- i- gi'iirnilly placed nearly opposite the liHr. < >i oiher thinijs, there arc corn-liins, gi>ur;ls, land-l>o\f.-., earthen jMit, hn^e ladies, pipe-, irra--. mats, grimling-stoius, and hani:- .:i_ r mi a bnineluni; tree-trunk, standing in one corner, mav In- .-i -1:1 the arm- < >t the men." Tin- tamilv (lining-hall, >o [iloasantly a--ociated \\itli th- vi-ion- \\hich float around tin- tr.iveller, is not an in.-titution of I 'nvamwe/i. There i- hardly a better index of .-oeial ndvaner- nit nt than is fiinii-her between r-leep and HMM], in chew- in u r tobacc-o \\hen lhe\ have it, and in the e- enl of it- failure r'-ort ;ii'_ r 1" e'av for the iie.-e--ar\- e\erci-e of their jau-. I 1 '"! 1 thi- |i'irp"-e the\- -e!e. t tli.- elav of ant-hi!!-, \\hieh the\ eall "-Ae. t lal'lll." 1 ill- ela\ - !ie\Vlle_ r , indeed, I- a Cll-tom (jlllte L'en,rall\- pf-vali nt '>n lio'h coa-l- of ,\!n\ I lie *-. 'inai i < Mint rv. \- \\ . mi.'ht AjM-et. the Wanvamwe/i are not free froultry, but like the (Jallas and the Somali, who look on the fowl :LH a kind of vulture, they would not cat it. Kven in the present day they retain their prejudice for eggs. Some will devour unimals that have died of disease, and carrion, the Mesh of lions and leopards, elephants and rhinoceroses, as>es, wild cats and rats, beetles und white ants ; while others refuse to touch miit- ti>n or clean water-fowl, declaring it is not their custom. Thev seldom cat meat ; their ordinary diet consists of the messes common in central Africa, a sort of jx>rridge made from flour of matama the IFoleus sorghum, or Arabic dourra. This i> accompanied with leaves of the garden plants, such as the; bean and cucumber, boiled and mashed up. When this humble meal is cooked the gentlemen (?) assemble around the pot and pro- ceed to the delightful duty of cramming themselves, in which exercise the only implement employed is nature's ladle. In the season for it, these mush-fed children luxuriate on honev and sour milk, but no matter what they eat or how much, the Wanyamwezi never own repletion until they have "sat on pombe"or, in other words, until they are pretty thoroughly intoxicated. There is very little community of interest, and apparcntlv a great lack of family affection in these tribes. The husband when returning from the coast laden with cloth will refu.-e a single shukkah to his wife, and the wife succeeding to an in- heritance will abandon her hu-band to starvation. The man takes charge of the cattle, slice]), gnats, and poultrv ; the woman has control of the vegetables and grain. It seems a little re- markable we observe in savage life, in rude reali/ation, so manv of the pet projects of certain noisv would-be leaders of an ad- vanced civilization. It is hardlv a <|Ue-ti.>n whether it i- pr<>- irress or retrogression that mu>t be relied on to lestore the balance between the sexes and grant to woman the disenthrai- inent in which she may call what i> hers, her own. It i- a pity that there are so many who are forward to >et a>ide \\\t assertion that dependence i< the charm of woman and her title to all things. It is to be lamented that so much is said about the distinctive rights and obligations of the sexes. It oti^ht to be remembered that the true happiness of man and woman i? 31 574 I.nVK AND LAW. in their identity, ami it should not IK? forgotten that there is nothing that hinders a coalescence of hearts more effectually than a clamorous ;iertion of right-. The world will rue the Jav which adopt- a cxle delining the relative dignitv of man and woman. Love is not unlawful, but legislation is the death of it. Then- an- rights in love, but no knowledge of them. Tin- spontaneity of all it.- offerings and concessions is their beaut v and bli.vifuhiess. Distinctions; patroni/c' disoird; whcru '.he;v are Umndaries there -uv conflicts; then- cannot be a line drau n Ix'tween man and woman which doe- not -ever the ma^ic ln>nd of their union. \\ ive-. and mothers and daughters and -i-teri cannot allbrtl to have their guardianship tran-lerml 1'roiu love to law. The .-mi of human happiness will have j>aed its meridian, and a |K>lished barlnirism, that dotage of civili/ation, will l>e coining on, when human fbllv allows checks and balances to take the plan- of free-aetiug love in the relation- of hn.-band and wife. \\"e mii-t not Ibrget that the jeeiiliar glorv of civili- /ation i- in that beautiful and jovoii- identitv of the sexes \vliieh find.- it.- prettiest tvpe in the vine-entwined oak. The \Vanvamwe/i have won tor themselves tjiiite a reputation liv their commercial indii-ti-v. '1 hev are the proti-x-ional jor- ti-rs of Ka.-l Afriea. l - 'roni davs immemorial thev have monopo- ./] the <-aiT\ iiiir bn -i ne--. Thev are ever\ tiling to the traveller, liiev take the plaee ot (Blinds, hoi'-e-, inillis, and a <-. 1 he\ .re indi-peu-able to tlie trader- and traveller-. They are e, n- , '-allv tbnn>l in tlie varioM- eoa-t village- waitim: to l>e hired lor ioii_ r joiirii'-v-. " Tlie.-e are the jx-ople whom we have -een ani"ii4 tin- hill- of Ita\va, in the |I u'e-t- of Liinda. on the bank.- t' the Lnalaba, in the wild- ot' Manvitetna, on the banks ot' ali ;!e- lake- \\ ho are tbimd in the mountains ot' Karangwah, on :!i- j.lain- ol' I \ in/a, on the barren plati-au ot I ^"j.", in the j>.irl. l:it,eguhha, in th/ cl-lil'-- -.; 1 '-."/ara. in the wilderne ^ ol 1 beiia. atnon f the pa - o|' tlie \\atnta, trudj-iiiu' aloin/ lh i'l :n -lave-tr:'.din;j K ilua. e\ . r\ \\ h. re i n. In e.iravan- tic \ are do< ile und !r:utaiiie, 01: rNYAXYEMHK PROVINCE. 576 tnuling expeditions of their own they are keen and clever; in '..heir villagi-s they are a merry-making set. As Iluga Knga or forest men, the \Vanyain \ve/.i are unscrupulous ami hold ; in ITkonouiro and I'kawendi they are hunters ; in I '-tiknma they J are drovers and iron-smelters; in I,mida thev are energetic searehers for ivory; on the coast they arc a wondering, awe- struck people." These are the people in whose middle province Mr. Stanley took up hi quarters the '21st of .June, 1S71. *' I'nyanyemlje is tlu 1 great Bandar! or meeting-place of merchant-, and point of departure for caravans, which thence radiate into the interior of central iutertropieal Africa. Here the Aral) merchant from Zanzibar meets his compatriot returning from the Tanganvika lake and from I'ruwwa. Northwards, well-travelled lines di- verge to the Nyan/a lake, and the powerful kingdoms of ICara- gwah, Uganda, and Unvoro; from the south, I'mri and I'bena, I'sanga and t'senga, send their ivorv and slaves; and I'rom the southwest, the Rukwa Water, K'hokoro, I Ti pa, and Marungu must barter their valuables for cotton, wires, and bead.-." "This province was colonized," according t<> Burton, "about 1852, when the Arabs, who had been settled some, vears in a district of l/.-uknma, having become involved in one of the native wars were compelled to change their home. Snav bin Amir and Mnsa Mzuri, the Indian, settled at Kazeh, then a desert; built houses, sunk wells, and converted it into a popu- lous place." It is well to remark, that the reader mav not be confused bv the names which >eein to be usc'd interchansjeablv with I'nvan- yemhe, that thi- district i- not j>roperlv a town, but a di-trict co:itaini!rj; a number of vilIaiTes all verv near each other, wherp the Arab- have their uTeat tembe, surrounded bv the humbler abodes of their servant- and dependents, and lead lives of eomlort and even -picador, and take <^reat pride in welcoming travellers with a.-toni>hing displav. \\hcn Mr. Stanlev came on the ground he wa- received with great cordialitv bv Savd bin Salim, whom favoi-in^ tin-tune had t'avoretl. -nrv the time of Burton and Speke's vi-it, from the station of servant to wealth and prominence. Sayd bin Salim had hi- spaciuii- ttiabe iu Kwikuru, the capital village of the province. 576 STANLEY'S HOUSE. As the visitor walked beside the governor toward Kwikuru ho ** received a noiseless ovation." The NVanyamwezi papi/i were out by hundreds, and the warriors of o!tl Mka-iwa hovered almtit their chief; the naked, dn-kv children standing l>rtwivn their parent-' Icj--, even infants .-Itin^ o\t : ihfir mother.-' hacks, all paid tin- tribute due to his eolor in one ^rand coneentnited Mare. Having Iwen hospitably refre-hed with a breakfast which w<-nt as far as anv breakfast emild have done toward* making him f:-_'et that he was in the wilds of Africa, and (jnit<- a con- versaticn with the lordlv Savd, he was escorted 1>\ that dit_ r tii- tarv t-i Kwihani, where his herted at 1'nyanveiiiln 1 , and port.-r^, whether hired upon the coa-t or on Tanganyika lake, ai'e a< - cnstonui] to di~]M-r~e there, and a IVe-h estuw sueli reward- or make -Meh payment- as iM-ea-ion required, and the croud -ca tiered and hit him witli hi- little hand of special followers to take jH..-i-..-i()ii dt' hi^ new ijiiarter-, which he ileclare- wa- a ";no-t eiiiiifi'i'talile place." Then* were <|iiartT- for hi- nien and lor hini-elf; sitting-nKiin, l)ed-ro <-i---ion, " IK arin_ r lra\'-, lull of -j-ood ihin^- frmii the Aral'-: tir>t . an enormoii- .|;-h of rie.', \\ ith a l>o\\ If'u! of .-urried ehieken ; niiot her with a do/en hu^e wheat en c:d\e-, aiioth- r \\ ith a j >!ate- t-il oi B[!iiiktng hot cruller-, another with p:'.pa".-. another \\ith porne/raiiate- and leimni- ; all' r thi-e came men driving five fat h'imp liael,.-i| o\. n, ei_-ht -h'-.-p, and ( -n u'oat-, and anotln-r man < Mine \\ith a do/en chicke^-. and a do/i-n 1 1-. h _/"." No wo^'b r he ua- taken \>\ -t.rm. \\ith ^ndi real, pracfi'iil, nolile H)iirt'--y, -IP h mtiniliecnt hi^pitality ; and \\e are prepartd to TIIK AHA US OF TAI'.OKA. ,077 accredit his assurance, that his people were its nm< h delighted as hiniM-lf at tin? prodigal plenitude visible on his table, ami in his yard. A slaughtered ox and a least wound up the ceremony of settlement, and all hands turned in to sweeter n-^t than they had known for many days. The next dav the Aral) magnates from Talxtra came on a formal visit. Tabora is the place mentioned bv Captain Ikirtou as Ka/eh, the fust Arab settlement in L'nyanycmbe. It is the principal settlement in the country. "It contains/' according to Mr. Stanley's estimate, " over a thousand huts and tembes, and one may safely estimate the population, Arabs, Wangwana and natives, at five thousand people.'' Between Tabora and Kwihara, where Mr. Stanley had his quarters, rise two rugged hill-ridges, separated from each other by a low t-aildle, over the top of which Tabora is always visible from Kwihara. It is astonishing what luxury is conveyed into the heart of Africa by these Arab merchant princes. The fertile plain al out their villages, kept in the highest .state of cultivation, yields marvellous abundance and endle.-s varie.v of vegetables, and supports vast herds of cattle, and sheep and goats innumerable ; while just about the tembes the o.'unge, lemon, papaws and mangoes mav be seen thriving finely. Add to these the tea, eo flee, sugar, spices, jellies, curries, wine, brandv, biscuits, sar- dines, salmon, and such fine cloths a.s they need for their own use, brought from the coast everv vear bv their slaves; associate the>e with a wealth of Persian carpets, most luxurious bedding, complete services of silver lor tea and coffee, with magnificently carved dishes of tinned copper and brass lavers ; and we have a catalogue out of' which our imagination produces picture- of luxurv that, amid the wildness and rudcne-s of that barbarous land, seem more like the magician's work than tangible realitie>, which await the worn-out traveller aero-- -i\ hundred miles of plains and mountains and rivers and >wamps, where a >ucce--.-:<'.n of naked, staring, menacing savages throng the path in \\ondv at a white face. The representatives of this splendid living, who had called to pav their respects to Mr. Stanley, were the donor- of' the gin- which had surprised him on the dav before, and had tliev been loss prepo-sessing than they were, their kindness, would have 578 THi: WAU-i'LOUD. Uuiinl liini to think them pleasant gentlemen ; hut they wore a fiu', handsome ln>dy of men. Conspicuous among them wa.-* "Savd bin Sail MI, tin 1 governor ot the colony, Sheikh hin Na>ih, hi* Higlinr.-.- of ZanzilKir'g consul at Karangwa ; then Kami-* hin Abdullah, ami vonng Amniin bin Mu&soud ; haml.-ome ami courageous Solid, tin- .>ou ol' Sayil hin Majid ; tin n Thani hin AUlullah ; mxt MIIS.-OIK! hin AUlullah ami his con-in, Abdullah b'n Mn oud ; then old Snliinan J)o\v:i Sayil hin Sayf and tin- oll liftman ofTahora Sultan hin Ali." When all tin- formalities <>;' ^n-ctiiii; anl the congrutulutioiLs and protestations ami invita- tion." \vrre ov't-r, th'--i' ih.-tin^ui.slu'd inotlels nf Aral> -tijurn- iN-parUtl, cuiTv:n;r an rn^a^i-nn-nt \\ith Mr. Stanley li>r \\:^ j>.-f-fiii- ( > with tip in tlmv davs fm in tlatc. '1 In- ki miners of thf-c \\i-althv vi-itor- hal jiavivl the wav, intentionallv or otherwis* 1 , lor involving the ll< raM lv\j>'> Tahoru, mfoiilin^ to hi- e'l^a^'-Mn-iii, hr fotni'l himself just in time to he )>n-riii at a i. r ra\c mum:! he-ii in a >tate () |' chronic dix-ontent with the |i)licic.s ot' the ncighljorin^ -hie!-. Formerly a ju^a/i \'<>r an Arah, he had m\v a--unicd re^al \> \\ei-, with tin- n-ual knack of uni'OHM'ionahle ra-^als who cari* not hv what ni'-ans thcv ,~tc| into authority. When thrchief of I 'yoweh died, this hold man, who wa> at the ln:id ot' a ^an^ of rohljcrs infotin^ the tlii'c-t- ot \\il\ankiini, .-nddi'iilv entiTei] I voweh and cmi-t itut< d hnn- M-!| !oid paramount |i\- tore.', and hv a t'-\v i-a!- of enterpri-e which he performed to the enrichment ,,|' i!i.,~c \\h<> rcco_Mii/'-d hi^ anthorilv, - :i eMahli-hed hnn-clf lirmlv in hi- |>o-ili'in. I-'I.IMI t hi- 1 1 -_'-:i :;::i j h.- h.id .-irrii-d destructive \\ ar o\-i-r thrci- '!_':<- nf la! ;"idc, .i:id a* I'-n^th ciiiici-i\ in_ r a une\ ancc :i^.im-t M '.a- '. i, i !i . . i,:' '}i" \\ .in. am we/i, demanded "I the Araln ih.i' f||.--. .'hn t! ! -M-l-iin h in a_-ain-t their a!K . Thi- thev re 1'i-e, 1 t. , . |u .1 ,] M n ati i ho h id in re-cut UK nt ri'o!v-d that no \ i i! i < ir \\ :\'\ >!io!i!d IM-- i lii iii'/h h;- ciiiint rv to I pji ; and not .i': ti'il .-, i'h ihi- ni'-M.-ii-i- nf the foreigner-, had M"W proclaimed o|i- u ".it on ! !, MI and r !i-' \\ am amu iv.i Ii^ethi r. N\ e will not TIIK 'I.IMA1K OF L'NYANYKMHK. '' ' detain the reader with the proceedings of the council : it is enough that it was determined to march against this impertinent chief and annihilate him at once. And Mr. Stanley, partly Ix-cause. lie saw no other wav of reaching I jiji ami relieving I)r. Living- stone, and partlv because he felt under obligation to assist those who had shown him such attentions, consented to join them ii the enterprise. In the interval of the preparations for this war, Mr. Stanley w:is attacked bv that subtle enemv of the white man, which must be confronted in everv part of Africa. The lever raged, and in the davs of delirium he traversed a^am the varied scenes of the eventful past. He had come to I'nyanvembe about the beginning of summer. It is then that the east wind, the only wind so ill that it blows nohodv any good in anv laud, comes sweeping over the eountrv, " refrigerated bv the damp alluvial vallevs of the first region, and the tree-clad peaks, and .-wampv plains of Usagara, with a free/ing cold in an atmosphere properlv tepid. These unnatural combination- of extremes, can-ing sudden chills when the skin perspires, bring on inevitable di-ea-( . The-.- gales are mo-: violent in the earlier part of the -ea-on, imm--- diately after th, 1 cessation of the rain-, and a- the summer ad- vances the transition diseases disappear and the climate become- more agreeable." Mr. Stanley arrived just in the trying period; though siiH'erin^ -everelv, the torture wa- of short duration, and he tell- u- that o.i the tenth dav after hi- fir-t illne-- he wa- in go > 1 trim again. Th M Shaw was down, next Selim. an 1 it wa- the l2Sth of Jnlv before the-,- were -titli- ieiitlv recovered to star; o.i -ucj an e:i;erpr>e as Alt!i)ijii contemplating an en^a'.'.''ii)"i)t with Mirambo, he was -t> i Titi l (i :i; that the allied fnrce- would vain|iii-h that --hief ea-i!v that he determinrd to ^ () n^ j ;l i- a - his border, prepared t co:i'iniic hisjourney to l*j ! ji witi.oi! returning to I nyanyembe. Acfordin^lv he left l T nvanvemhe mi ihe iJIhh \\iih titiv ni--ij, loaded with bales, bead- and wire. At Mt'uto. at'ier a thre.- dav-' march, lie joined the Arab ion-i-. having stored ii;- good-. The armv, mii-terinu in all two thoii-and tuo hundred and til'tv men, advanctxl upon the strongholtl of the enemv. Then l<>!- lows a -torv of t'ailnre, of retreat, of' shameful cowardi'--' on tin- part of' those most deeply interested, and a lew (jays later he wa.- 580 THI-: T.UJI.KS n KM:I>. in Unranveinl* 1 u^am, heartily ilisgusutl with tlu Aral* inrthoif of warfare :iul tln-ir idea> of duty to an ally; with tin- .-cent 1 Ix-tore hint of Mi rain bo's annv surrounding Talora. Fti-lin^ himself fullv alolved from all obligations to hi< Aral) n i^hl>ors lor whom In- had urarlv sacrificed hi- life and tin 1 cxjxnlit nui, Mr. StanU'V now >et al>oiit mlUi tiu; a new >< t of <~imers, ilotcnniiutl to start for t'jiji lv a route which promix-d frit-dom from tin- opjxjsitiou of Miramlxt, though much more indirect than tin- one he would have preferred to take. It \\a> IM ea-v matter to -vure >uch a numl>er of men a- he milled n:id--r the cin'limstaiKfs. I>ut the d.-lav w:^ unendiiralile, \s hilo he t'.-ai'ed that the ^reat and pun! man whom he had Item >ent out to find and help might In? sutlrriiivj at I |iji : therel'nre he decided to leave the greater portion of hi- '_NMU nnder a <_ r uard and -et out with a " living caravan" liv the Mtiithern mute thr"!i_ r h northern I konon^o and I kaweiidi. < "ii-picuinis atn-'iij tho-e whom he mustered \'iciiiiu- part a- \s e -hall >ee. Hut '_ r at In IMIIL: a IHKC i- not all <>f ^ettiir^ a\\av from -uch piartt-r- a- I u\ an\ einlic. 'I here arc alwavs htlle dome-tic ties tiirm-'d Kv the -al'l'- at tt-iidaiil- i a traveller in such quarters wliicii are ii.t frn-ndlv t" prmnpt d- j-ariure-. \\heii r the caravan wa- mnsteren -o la! urn u i id timelv aid t" I 'r. Livin^-loni 1 . to follow him n it h the d- tail' "(' tiii- '|o!irne\ of" -o miieh in!' r- -t in I lie 1 1 ]!' Mr. Sr.m!'\. I !.' da\ - \\ere full .,)' |>ettv complaint- lro:n a lew 'i 'nil!- : -. and a! rno-t i-\ i-rv m. 'lit i|e-e( t ion- o-i-itrred. >iia\v v. i - m on t roii! ,] t h.m a I / n lialu--- . and nit imat>-! v Miii-n ili-ij IM p:oVo|.I!l/ 111- e|| I ploVef t o --| |< i 1 1 : I M 1 : I' 1, to I 1 1 \ a 1 1 \ e||| 1 ., 1 I >.: alt I' d l\ '.\ ' I t lie -aim- experience- ; |,,|-,-t a!lT J. .fe-t \\ ,\f ItOYAL VISITORS KNTKHTAINKI). passed ; tlic vil labors were all cautious; only news of war, war! filled the country. The terror of Miraml>o was on tin- whole region. Kasegera wa.s passed just as a welcome wa.s being given to a partv returning from the eoa>t. The great village of l T gnnda, I'roin who-e formidable stockade even the jiowerful Mirambo had withdrawn his i'orees in despair of taking it, \yaii Ict't behind them. On the 2d of October thev entered the culti- vated fields of Manvara made conspietions in the .storv bv a scene such as can never fade from the memory of a man who has anv eve for the ridiculous. The authorities of this village refused admission to the travellers, and declined positively to allow their people to sell them any food. On the .'id, Stanley continued to plv the chief with offered presents, having well learned already that no African chief is proof against such beautiful things as the white man can oflcr. When terms were made, and the precious beans and rice and matama and I ndian corn began to flow into his camp, Mr. Stanley arranged to receive the chiefs. 1 1 is IVr.-ian carpet and bear skin were ,-pivad out, and a bran new piece of crimson cloth covered his bed. lie received the chief ami his associate chieftains at the gate of his camp and escorted them with all di^nitv into the gaudy-looking tent, and invited them to scat themselves. The lir-t tiling that these noble men did was to scrutinixe the owner of that pavilion intentlv, his face, his clothes, his entire pcr.-on, and thereupon burst into uncontrollable laughter, accom- panied with repeated snapping of the fingers. Kverything in the tent was examined with the >ame intent enrio>itv ; the -i\- teen-shooter particularly elicited a thon-and flatteriiiLi ob-erva- tions, and the tiny revolvers seemed to them of' superhuman workmanship. As they passed from object to object their enthusiasm increased, and in the wildness of' their delight thev sei/ed each other's index tinkers and >crewcd and pulled a- it' thev would inevitably dislocate those innocent member-. \\'li n the medicine ehe.-t was produced, the climax of their admiration seemed to be mHhed. They ta.-ted the brandv ; next came a bottle of' concentrated ammonia, whose n-e it \va- exj)iained was f'or snake-bites and headaches. The chief' immediatelv eom- plaincd that he had headache and niu-t have some. Telling him to close his eyes, Mr. Stanley suddenlv uncorked the bottle r 1 1 K M KI > i n x K. an d proented it to his majesty's nox- ; the etVeet, he tells us, was magical : he fell luiek a- it he W;L- shot, and -ueh contortion.- as his feat UPS underwent are indescribable. The chiellains roaml with laughter, and clap|>ed their hands and pinched each other and -napp'-d their fingers in a frenzy of merriment, while the gn-at chief, -low Iv recovering himself, great teal's rolling down his ch<-ek- and hi- fav tjuivering with laughter, .-lowly utter*"? the word, " Kali " hot, .-trong or cjuiek medicine. The mod- ing prv <-d and the vi-itors left delighted and fullv impressed with the ill. -a of the white man's greatness, whieh they xpre-xtl nio-t vehemt'Utlv, -aving, "Oh, these white men know everv- ihing, the Arab- are dirt compared to them." Thev had no\v eoine into the n-.il game country of t'nvam- we/i. Thev had bap-lv l.-tt the waving corn-fields of Manvara when thev cam.- in -i^ht ot' a herd of noble /cbra. As they advanced th'\ beheld herd- ot' bullalo, /.-bra. giraile and ante- lope. Thev were on the bank- ot' the < iombc. The whole coiintrv wa- one magnifii-ciit park, and it wa- impo--ible to p- si-t the temptation to -pend a few dav- in hunt ini:. And when the da\ - admoni-h'-d him "f the importance ot' continuing the joi'rnev, -D thoroughlv in love with the beautiful -it-nes and the abundance of meat had In- men become that hi- order to march w a- met by open rebellion. They delegated PH>ml>ay to IM--J that they inijht -ta\ on.- dav longer. liomhav wa- well -cold.-d tor bringing -ueh a nic--a_ r e, after two dav- of p--t and w o much food. Bombay moved awav in a manifc-tlv ,-ulky mood, and an e\pre--ion which -, ,-m-d to -av, " \\"cll, .jet them to move voiir-!f, you wicked, hard man ; 1 -hall not help v..u." That w hic|, folio A.-d w -iv in Mr. St.anlev'- word- : " Not with- -tandin,' th'-ir nnw illingm- , at th<- -,,und -.(' the horn the men turned to their bah- and marched ,,!]'. but in ,!. p. -ullen -ileiice." Stan!' \ p-maiiied b.hm.l to drive the -I racier- on. In about halt an h'.ur he -a-.v the caravan come t a d- ad halt, the bale- thrown dov.n and ih. IMI-II, ii'/a-ji-d in airji'v con\e|--ati"ii and efi-- 1 : -1 , i! :!, -'a -ji 1 1 n/ about in -..Toil j >-. I h< ' '.v a- main ! -t ! v fc< -r:o!i- . o!i hand, and ta!-.m_' hi- doiib!i barr- 1 ;/un iVoni "iild. r he - 1" ted a do/, n e!,;ir."-o! buel^h.,1, and -bppi'ij t -. o .,) i ],, m in!" t ij. barr' I- ami a- I'm -! iiij hi- re\ olvers for hind;, lork, I,.- '\a!!.e| '.,i waid toward- t h- aiijrv men. A PLOT DISCOVERED. 5&i lie noticed them sei/.e their guns as he approached, and when within alwwt thirty yards of the groups lit; di^-ovcred the head- of t\vo men appear above an ant-hill on his left with their gun- earelestdy pointed toward the road. Instantly he halted, and taking deliberate aim at them, threatenetl to blow their heads oH' it they did not eome forward to talk to him. '1 hoe two in< :i were the gigantic Asmani and his sworn companion Mabrnki, who the reader will remember were among the men obtained at rnyanyemhe. They were afraid not to obey such an order, .-> they came ; but keeping his eye on Asmani, Stanley saw him moving his fin gel's to the trigger of his gun and bringing hi- gun to a "ready," and was obliged again to threaten him with instant death if he did not put his gun down. Asmani then came on in a sidelong wav, with a smirking smile on his fare and the lurid light of murder in his eye, as plainly as ever such a light shone in the eye of a villain. Meantime Mabruki sneaked to his rear, deliberately putting powder in the pan of his musket ; but wheeling just in time, Mr. Stanley planted the mu/xle of his own trim within two feet of the wicked rascal's face, and com- manded him to drop his piece instantly. Then' could be no hesitation : Mabruki saw that and let it fall, and instantly went reeling back under a vigorous blow in the breast from the niu/./lc of that which had been levelled in his face, and left the single white man to confront Asmani again. Asmani wa- of a more stubborn spirit, and in the face of Stanley'.- gun began lifting his gun to his shoulder. It would have been his la-t act, but ju.-t at the moment when Stanley'.- finger was coining down on the tritju'er <>f his gun a form appeared behind Asmani, and a strong hand swept his gun aside with an impatient, nervous movement, and the voice of Mabruki Speke wa- heard in horror- stricken accents, saying, " Man, how dare yon point your gun at the ma-ter ! " Mabruki Speke then threw himself at the f> et of his master and endeavored to ki-s them, and entreated h;- forgiveness. " It is all over no\v," he -aid ; " there will be no more quarrelling; they would all LT" to Tanganvika now. with- out anv more noise and in-hallah ! " Said he. " \\ e -hall tind the old mn-uiiLru ut I jiji." I hen turnin-j,' to the men he said, u Men. freemen, shall we not'.' Shall we not ^o to Tanganyika without any more trouble'.' Tell the ma-ter with one voice." 584 "NO oTHKK WORDS." "Ay, Wallah ! ay, Wallah! liana Yan^o ! hanuina manncno m^hii " \vhirh literally translated is, " Yes, hv (Jod! ves, l>v (iod! mv master!" " There an- no other \vonU," .-aid each man in turn. All the mm ut-rc punluiltil r.\ivjt lioinlxiv and Aml.ai'i, who w.-rr lln- r-al K-ad*-rs in tin- jil.it. 'J'hcy Inith n- vivrd :i Miund liir:t>hiii^ ami wt-n- cla|)}>cd in chains until thrv ifarnti] how to ;i^k pardon, which tlu-v were not lon^ in doini:, and the wonted frctiliiin and jieac-etnlno- <>l the jiartv was >on n--!oriil. Nothing inon- ot' unusual inteix-t transpired until ihev nwhcf] the district of Mrera, fuurtit'ii days jounu-v Iroiu L'n van vein be. CHAPTER XXXII. TIM-: M pjirrmrhinK F.arh Other -Tin- Spirit of the Man -" A Cx*\ H.-art " -A-ls quary of < 'hristian Kindness - - Africa for Christ F.fli^irs of Mm A Lvswiri Learned Mistake the Man The A ml. mead,- A Third I Mi v.-ranc,- AOood Onii-ii N<> Vengeance -The Leopard \Veary und Inditlerciit I'ainftil Ie- flections -" Little Metier tlian u Skeleton " I>re;-dful I i*app"iiitiii'-iit Tim Good Samaritan Mr. Stanley's ( 'aravan " Tliat !'.".< 1 l>ay oft i.-t.il.. r " <;...! News A Forrc.1 March Tin- Taniranyikii at l.:\~\ Tin- Fir-t Vi.-w of t!i> Lake - Special < 'harms for Stanley -The Approach " (iiMxI-Mnniiiiir, Sir"- " NS'ho the Mischief are You.'" The Mo-tin',' The Conversation -The lU-ve- lation Made -"(io.I Never Failed Him" The Il.-t Medicine A Cruiso on the Laki No Outlet Found" 1 Must Fini-h my Ta-k." Anoi'T the tinio that Mr. Stanley halted his caravan in Mrera Dr. Livingstone landed on the islet KaseiiLje, in Lake Tanganyika. They were approaching each other. W<- re- niember how sadlv the great traveller turned a\vav \\\-^ evc.s from the river which lie believed could in one short month guide him to the Nile. We left him arranging tor hi~ r.-tnrn to I'jiji, where he contemplated one of two evils, a- the onlv tiling hopeful which awaited him there : cither he mii-t gather i'ollowers from the unreliable vagabonds who mi^iit be toiind tloatiiiLT about town, or bo willing to wait ten months at least until men could be sent fro in the coast. P>nt he \\a< not dis- couraged : the spirit of the man wa.- iudotnitable, hi- n-olute- ne>s wa< astonishing. Far advanced in vt-ar-, and ti-i-lin^ the weight of age, the victim ot' varion.-. di-ea>'--. >urrounded In- war.-. with an experience ot' year* confirming all the ajiprehen- *ions of dangers and want and ilisappointtnciit whii-h coiihl possiblv arise in \\\< thoughts, he calmlv conteinjilated, tir-t re- tracinir hi~ step< at le:u-t >i\ hundret reflection of I >. i'v ; Christian kindness is tin* truest representative t' it< di ic-minatinn and tin- a^'ent- of it- power. It i- not l>v human jip>\v< l.ut !iv human 1>< m-voli-u.-.- that the \\orld i- to lieeonie the kitijdoin of tli,- Lord and of hi- < 'hri-t. I f the !i}'.- .,(' I>a\"id I J \ ni'_ r -toiie dne. no more, it \\ill re;i--nre the h'-ari- 't' men iii the al>-olnte adefjitaev of ( 'hri.-tiau kindne-- to eontrnl tin- nide-t li'irltanan-, and make allies in nolile-t enterpr;-i - of the nio-t i-_ r ii"r;uit and degraded. I'eril- flu-re m:i\- | M - fl.r the man who venture- on mi ionarv work ainon-j- -ava'je-, hut it' he he i lit >n>u_ r hl v in love with them, -o sineerelv and iinmov- allv eo|l- i * > enit'd to their wellhre that lin e.xhihilii'U- of depnn'it v can dimini-h hi- / -u~ ( hri-t a ! \ . |'ul human ;',,;.,,,-i\ -aid, the i .n-ht. -t line- , :i the e:mva-. \\ ; ! 1 I e ? h.- ^ . .[-. |- i ,(' hi-.e p. ,i >r M an \ iii-ma e:inn;lal-, " f( -/'""' f '/',.' \\ erinnot think "| h ; in ! iiirne\ MIL' ' ard I i ] i . lull of --'.rr-.w and fain, -..!,;! tl In-mMin^ victim- "f" AraK cruel A i.r,sm>.\ Fi:o\i jir.ATitr.N. 587 tios him;; on his track, Ix'^in^ him to -lav with them and help them, without temlerost emotion. Oh, how Imi^ shall it l>e he- fore the ( 'Imrvll of .Jesus ( 'hri-t extends its IdesMiiijs to all the hcni^hted of earth! Where the sun has shone, it may shine; where Christian feet have trod, thev mav tread; \\ here ( 'hris- dan power has been reco-jni/ed and felt, it mav n*ijjn. Africa mav he ('hrist's, all Christ's; the .-a me gentle atrdicv lv which the gospel prevails in other land- >- enoii'_:h to make even the darkest wildernesses of that land, earlie.-t known and la.-J to he redeemeil, blossom like a rose. As he joiirneved toward Batubarro the traveller'- heart wa- jjricvcd everv dav hv the desolations which the nn-crnpiiloti* invaders had made, in even so -hurt a time. Tin- -it-- of de- strovcd villages, panic trieken retii-^ee-;, there w:i- nothini: eheei'in::, the dee|>eninLT <>| ir-( > hnirj like' a pall overall \\\>- land- scapes. The hills were not inspiring as they would have Keen '\'cn the splendid foliage waving ov<'rv where, like nature'.- de- fiance of' human wrath, could not seem as t're-h and 'jreen ;i- il was, to eves saddened l>v such sights as it itnpcrfeetlv concealed. I''niu'ies i.t' men were ol'lcn .-ecu: the people called them l.ath.ita fathers or ancients. The names of thc-e rude pice. - of handiwork were preserved, and when thev werespiken of. the-e reveri'd names were pronounced nio-t carefully. 1 In -e htath.-n teadi us a le-sou li\- their thought ful utterances of' the name- of their deities. Sometime.- there are otferiiiLT- made to the " father-" hv the poor savages. On tin- joiirnev I )r. Livingstone was repeat cdlv -aved tVotu death l>y unmistakable providence^. In hi- account of tlii- he ,-av-, that one dav he came to a village, ill. almo-t evcrv -tcp in pain, and \va- di-tre--ed to -ec the j>eop!e all ru;i awav. Tin ;; \sa- cvidentlv a mistake, he felt sure thev could ii"t know who hi' was. Thev \\-ould come sometime- and throw -tone- at lii- jM-oph 1 , and tried to kill tho-e who went tl-r \\ater. All ni_ r !tt thest* villagers watched them. The next morniinr. the in--t tlilni: was to -end men forward to see if the \\av was char. I'M: the people would come to no term-. Thev knew their advantage, and the wron'j-- thev had sutler, d iV.'in liin .luma and Mo- hamad's men when thev threw down the ivorv in the f. ir<-t. In passin:: ah'i^ the narrow path, with a wall of deii-e ve^-ta- 688 TIIK tion touching each hand, tin* party came to a jx>int where an ambush had l>eeu placed, and tni-s cut down to olwtruct them while tlicv -]>earvd them ; luit for >onie reason it w:is abandoned. Nothing could U- detected ; but by stooping down to the earth and jut-ring up towards the sun, a dark *hadc could >oin odv, and all were allowed to pass till he, tin- leader, who \\a- InTievetl to be Mohamad Ho^harib, nr Kolokolo himself, e:iine tij> t" th- point when- tln-v lav. A red jacket thev had formerly stvn the dK'tor wearing was proof to them that he was the -ame that sent l>in .luina t-> kill live of their men, capture eleven \\onien and children, and twenty-live goat-. Another -pear wa- thrown at him bv an nn-eeii a--ail- ant, and it mi--ed al-o. bv al>oiit a liot in front, (inn- were tired info the den-e ma-- of Jbrr-t, but with no etl'eet, for noth- ing coiiM be -een ; "liiev heard the men jeering and denouncing them clo-e bv : t\\o ot' their partv were slain, -till no one could lie -. < 'omin_ r to a j>art of the Iliiv-t cleared for cultivation IV. Living-tone noticed a '^i_ r antic tree, made -till talhr bv '^rowing 0:1 an ant-hill twentv Jeet hijh ; il had tire applied near il- root-. Ib- heard a crack, which told that the lire' had done h- \\ork. li'it I'll no alarm till hi- .-aw it mine -traight to\\ard him; he .'. pace- bacL. and ilown it came to the ground one \ard him. and, breaking into -. \eral length-, it covered hiri ui:!i a < ."'id of dn-t. Had the branch.- not pre\ ioii-lv be, n ro'tiilotl' h' ' , ,11 M -caree! v have e-cajH-d. '1 hn- tlii'e. tinn-in one dav h- wa- dehvi-n-d trom im|M-nding death. \\henthev -.iw thi- third d!ivi ranee, hi- attendant-, who were -caitered in all din-el ion-, came running hack to him, calling out ," 1 '< a- e ! -:u '. 1 tini-h all \onr work in site of tln?-e -nle "I HKC'AMK WKAKY INDIFFKUKXT. and in spite <>f every tiling." Like them, Dr. Living-tone took it as an omen of good snccc>,s to crown him vet, lor which his faith gave thanks to the "Almighty Preserver of men." They had live hours of running the gauntlet, wa\ laid bv spearmen, who all felt that if thev killed the din-tor thev would he revenging the death of relations. From each hole in the tangled mass a spear could lie expected ; and each moment thev expected to hear the rustle which told of deadlv weapon- hurled at them. " I became wearv," he.-avs, "with the eon-taut -train of danger, and, as I suppose hapjM-ns with soldiers on the field of battle, not courageous, hut perfeetlv inditlcrent whether I were killed or not.'' When at la.-t thev got out of the forest and cro ed the Liva on to the cleared lands near the villages of Monanbundwa, and lav down to rest, thev soon saw Muanampuuda coming, walking np in a stately manner unarmed to meet them. lie hail heard the vain tiring into the bush, and came to a-k what wa- the matter. Dr. Livingstone explained the mistake that had hi -en made l>v the assailants in supposing that he was Kolokolo, the deeds of whose men he knew, and then thev went on to his village together. In the evening the chief sent to say that if the doctor would give him all his people who had gun-, he would call hi- ou n people together, hum otV all the vegetation thev could tire, and punish the offenders. This was not eon-i-tent with the feelings "f Dr. Livingstone. He felt very grateful thai < l'l had delivered him, and had saved him from shedding l>!o"d when it seemed impossible to do otherwise, and, declining the otl'ercd service, h pursued his wav. lie was too ill to take much notice of the ountrv, too ill, indeed, to reali/e the dangers surrounding him. In all his wanderings no jonrnev had In en performed with greater suffering. The eoimtrv wa- not only the alMMJe ot' wild men, hut the fbtv-ts and jungles thrnurh which thev jia--eil afforded hiding-places to mo-t li-rocioii- beasts, who-e pn-em-e alwavs call- for vi^ilani e on the part of -iieli individuals a- in- vade their precincts. The leopard. wln-e habit- have not eetne so conspiciiouslv before u- as manv ot the i:ion-ter- oi the land, is a serious scourge in Manvupma. (hie day a goat, an humble but very important member of the caravan, was surpri-ed bv So 502 A !>i:r..uFri. P!SAIT<>INTMI:NT. the pre*in<; attention- of a iriant leopard. Ho wa< a terriblo animal ; lit- sei/.-d the poor ijoat with hungry rape, and even when a ."hot li:i>l l>nken futth hi- forelep? the enragtxl taast -;>ramj "ii a man and l>it him severe! v. There were elephant* and l)urta!1 meat railsod. violent diarrh-c\v;ird \\Iiich he had -trained. With -neh reflection^, :ind :i !"l\' :ilii)n-t \vort) "lit, he dra;_ r 'J (- d himsi'lf toward the l:i!,e At length, on tin- I'".'! of' ( )etnlM-r. he landed the seond tin)'- at I'jiji. All o!' the Ar:tl>- turned out to welcome him. KM' ni'in th in :ill \va- Moony inhere alx'timliiiLr in i-ordialitv The I<.n_' mareh \v:i- over, the exploration .(' Manyuema had (en :ieeiitnjili-h. d. the j-'-al i-annittal- had l-en -een, and the >!ave-tnid'' had \->-]\ invent iirateil to hi- tullt-t sitisfaction. Hut the IPTO hiin-elf had retnrm-d " little hetter than a skele- ton." lint the market- \\ere full nf all kind- d the emaciated Ixwlv nii^lit .-non iM^-mne vigorous, arid fhi-ii, th" plan- --there i< nothiicj like the ela.-ticitv of a -tron_' man'- -jiirif-- h<- would \-et -.^e all tho-e \-a-t nnder- -n.tnx! h"ii-' - and the l'>nr ancient li'iintain-. In the midst of t|,<-'' in-]'iiin_ r hope- there eame a piee- dt' information which -4-emed t lil'it "lit the pietnre hi- hope v. a- -ketchintr, and p!ii!ii_"d him int'i the deep--t perp!e\it\. All of hi- plan- had pi'iT-nppo-ed the pi --i"ii of ainin t ; tn>t a t liPiid r a i-ad r-iiniiis-d ;'! th-- o\\ ner "t all. 'I hi- wa- dreadful !: '.\ -. " f >ut of t hrei- thoii-atid vnrd- of calico and 'even hnn- (!:! i'i MI:-!- "t" l.ad- in.? a \'ard of' cali o or a -trin/ of heads T> -M iih' !." '11 i' i ,i-e v. a- tnilv di -p- rate ; the f. \v thiti^."- \\ hich TIIK (iOOn SAMAFMTAN. c^ .. c d(i -tor had left of his old stock could hardly suffice to buy fhod for himself and his few men a single month. lie saw nothing hut starvation or absolute de|>cndence on the Arab* in store for him ; and there was no redress. The man who had re- duced him to this extremity l>v hi-- outrageous dishonestv even presumed to oiler his welcome with extended hand, and when his hand was refused complained of U'ing hadlv treated ! The destitution was almost unbearable. Where was the piod Samaritan who rel>ellion, the powerful Kirango/i was roadv to embrace his captain, and Mab- ruki of Unyanyem be vowed he could smell the fish of Tangan- yika. They had passed through the thin forests adorned with myriads of marvellous ant-hills, those wonderful specimen- of engineering talent and architectural eapacitv, those cunninglv contrived, model cities, with which the tinv deni/ens of African wilds astonish the traveller continually ; and on across plains dotted with artificial-looking cones and flat-topped, i-olated mountains, and through marshv ravines where everv itnluckv step insured a bath in Stvgian oo/.e the various scene- of southern I'konongo. Then on through the territory so lately abandoned bv the dreaded Wa/avira. And on that --Id dav of October, that seemed the darkest of all the davs to I )r. Living- stone, he was on the banks of the " beautiful stream of Mtambo," ' When- the thorny l>r:ike aii'l thicket Mell^ely till tile i li!er-| i;lee Of the tre.^. tlir.niu'h \vh<.^e tliiek lr:ineliPS Never sunshine liirht-- tile Ji';tee " the abode of lions and leopards and elephants anil wild boars. One of those splendid parks of the wilderness where majotie forerake> and perilous chasms all unite to tbnn that climax d wildne-- ami beautv. " t lie hunter's paradise." It \\a-ju.-t (lie plaec to arouse all the Nimrod ,-pirit a man po c>-r<. ami the two v the village of N/ogera, chief of the Wavin/a, where food was bought and a guide obtained, and a stunning blackmail levied to spice the kindness, and introducing the wliit- man into the wavs nf l"vin/ji. And a fair sjMx-imen it W:L> if the exjx-rienees of the next three dav< spent in crossing this omntrv : over and over were like taxes made before the travellers reached the Malngara/.i, where the Wavin/a put their final demands in the shape of ferriage, and Mr. Stanley was permitted to shake the dn-t of their o>iiiitrv oil' }\\* feet, finnlv eonvineed that these same Wavit>7-i were worse than the I ''_'"'_'", wor-e than aiiv pe^iple, unailne-<. NN'hile the prominent m<-n of the caravan \\-ere eon^nifnlafin^ 'ai-h of h r and their " master '' on 1 in.: "'" "f l*vin/a, aii"ther raravan apjwarel \'rm t!i- direction ot' I *;'ji ; t !ii- 1 nrm <\ o'lt a earavan "! \\ a_ r ulih:i. \\hen th'V rann.- n'ar, Mr. Stanley a-k'-d l!i" news, and v.as inli.nin-iii Manvtiema. lie \\a- -t:irl led, and hi- HH'ii t'nllv -!ian-d lii- astonishment, ami tions and an-wers ful- loWi-d i|l|iek'v. " \ u hire man '.' " t !i'\- ak'l. " ^ - -. a white man," u a- th'- replv. " II-.-v \va- h.-dr 1 '.'" " I .ik<- t h-- i -ia-t -!." -ai'l the -] n ak< !, point i ML: to Mr. Stanley. " I - h'- V' in i i-j >r - >! iin '.' " '' l''i - o!ii a vrv tar iimtrv, a\\a\ I'.'Vond I ^uhlia, call < l llain M' ma. " I :i'l' '! and i - !i<- -t >ppiir.: at I j iji n> >w '.' " " ^ . , v.i 1 -aw hi:n aooiit i-i/ht ." " I ' "U think h' \\ ill -top t!i<-r>- nut il w- --. him '.' " " 1 '-n't kno-,\ ." " \\'-^ h- ever ill I'rii U-tnrrV " TIIK FOKCKD MAIU'll. " Yes, lie went away a loii)4 linn- a^o." Tlii-p- could In- no ilniilit about it : this \\ bite tiiau jn-t from Manyunna olil, gray, nlrk mu*t In- Livingstone. The new-, bent the ardent blood of Mr. Stanley i>oundin^ through hi* veins. His men appreciated his enthusiasm nioiv fully than w ixnilil have expected <>f them. Alter a short murrh they came into the borders of I 'him. Here a-jain thev were siil>je<-t*il to heavv taxes, anil in two (lavs Mr. Stanlev had paid over to the jiettv chieftains no le>* than two whole hales of his piveious cloth, for the IHxTtv <>( walking on the Around. Hi- was tempted strongly to fi^ht, but that would endanger the expedition; lie mi^ht !>e killed: tln-n \\ho would relieve the sick man at t'jiji'.' That would not do; hut he would bo robbed of all before ho reached him: then howeniild he help him '.' That must not be. He determined on making forced wilderness marches across the inhospitable eountrv, avoid- ing all villages. Provisions were preparetl for four dav.- under the shadow of tlu' chief who had taxed him. He knew that there were numbers of them ahead who would do the >ame tiling if thev saw him ; thev must not have that pleasure. It \\;i- better to bribe a LTilide than be robbed bv chiei'-. S< he bribed a L r uide, and making a noiseless departure in the ni^lit I'rotn the village of the kind's brother, he be^an a IOIILT. silent. l'ore-d man-h. and in three davs they crossed the Mkuti, a glorious little river. whose ]'ipp!iii'_r, babbling waters seemed to i-njov the joke which the white man had plaved on the NN'ahha. The next dav brought them to the brow of the hill, whem-e looking awav westward the ea^er e\ e of enthu.-ia.-tie S'anlt-v caught the first view ot' Lake Tau^anvika. It wa.- in-arlv the !-ame >jtot fp>in which Hurtou obtained the view which he ha* so eloquently described. "Nothing:, iu .-ooth." he sav.-. '' could be m.ire pictures'jue than thi- lir>l view of' the TaiiL-anvika lake, as !t lav in the lap of the mountain* basking in the ^'"rm on* tn>pi~.il sunsiiine. I'elow and bcvond a *iioi-i ii'-.-e-round of d cut bv breaking wavelets. Farther in trout .*tretcii tl.e \\ati-r I. A K F. T A NO A XYTK A.. expanse of tin- Iight->t and sofu-t blue, in breadth varying from thirtv to thirty-five miN>, and sprinkled \>y the eri.-p east wind with tiny m-svnts of snowy loam. The background in front is a high and broken wall of stfe! -colored mountain, here flecked and capped with jM-.irly mi:-t.s, then- .-landing sharply penrilled a^ain-t tin- a/ure air ; its yawning chasms marked by a devjM-r plum-eolor. fall toward dwarf hills of mound-like pro- j)oriions, which apparently dip their feet in the wave. To the south and opjM-ite the long low point U'hind which the Mala- ga rax i river discharges the red loam susjiended in it.s volant stream, lie (lie hi nil* headlands and CUJHS of 1 "_Mihha, and us the eve dilate- it tails ii|oii a cluster of outlying islets, sjHck ling a -ea-hori/on. Villages, cultivated lands, the frequent canoes of fi-herinen <>n the water-., and on a nearer approach the niur- niur- <>t the waves briiking on the shore, give something of varietv, ol' movi-nient, of life to the landsca|>c, which like ;il! the fairest pro-jMi-t-, in thise reginiis want but a little .if i In- neatm-s und tini-h "t art- nio-i|iies and kia-k>, pala<-<^ and \ 'ilia-. ^:\r- den-. and on-hard-. c)ntnisting with the j.rtu->- lavi-hin--.- and ningiiificfne** i)f nature, and iliversifving the un!>ruK.-n vc^i-ta- t ion to rival if not excel the rno-t admired -cem rv of tin- c'a-~ic region-. The giant -hopes of thi- \'a~t ciwa--e apj>'-ani| diiil'!v Ix-ailtiful after the -ilent and -pectral mangrove cpeek> of the soard, and the melancholy, motiotonoii- e\perien-e of de^-rt ind jungle -ei-nery. tawnv Pn-k and .-nn-parelni| plain, rank herbage and flats of black min-." It wa- -u<-!i a -eene a- anv man would con-ider a "un|M>n-ation t'oi- ai! the toils and \-e\at io;is jf the Inn 1 / way bv whieh it i- n-acheil. lint there wen* eharms in I'unjanvika for Mr. S:an!e\- which wi-re ii-it tli> re 1'or |5ui-t.in. Th.-re bv the -i'l>- o!' the beautiful \saf--r \\a- th'- noble ll man whom h.- had '-"ine to Alri'-a to !! " d. - \\<\< d tli- 1 Wi -t.-ni *},<}>, nf th< louche i'i\i r b- -foi-.- IHLH. and in an hour I'M. to the "hi'-K nia!'-t'- brake \\lii' h -jro-s - on both bank^ of r ; tie -i \'.adi!i_ r thrmrjli the i-!i ar -'r<-am th--\ i ni<-r c j-'l tioin tl.e brake and -;. . id -urrmi tided 1 >v t In- _ ird- n- >\ I ' jiii. a marvel lit' \.--_" tal.'" \va!th. Almo-t o\ .-I-J-O-A er. d \<\ emotion, Mr. S:. in . i ,n!(| h ir,|!\- -,-,. tli'- gran-ful palm-, neat plats, and H:iil! !!a_"- \\itli Irail teiie'-- of cane. II- pu-h'd along TRIUMPHAL APPROACH, r }l)t) rapidly at the Intid of his caravan, le-t the news of his ming should reach the jx-opleof Bunder L'jiji Ix-fore he came in sigln. Presently he reached the summit of the la-t of the little ridge-, and the famous j>ort of I'jiji eiuboweml in palm- lay l>e|o\\, not five hundred vards awav." He did not think of the hun- dreds of miles he had marched, of the hundred- of hill- he had ascended and descended, of the fore-ts and jungles and varied plains and scorching suns. They were pa-t ; the fondc.-i hopes were to be ivali/cd ; in a few moment.- he should .-< < I >r. Living .-(one; the Samaritan was at hand. The perplexity of Living- stone had become extremity ;( Jod made it an opportunity. Mr. Stanley gave the command : " t'nfurl the flags and load your gun-." "Ay, Wallah, ay, Wallah, bana!" was the. au.-wering shout of the men, and roared like a salute from a battery of artillery. " Xow, Kirango/.i," shouted Stanley, "hold the white man's flag up high, and let the Xan/ihar flag bring up the rear; and you men keep close together and keep firing until we halt in the market-place or before the white man's house ; there arc fish and bear and a long rest for vou utan-li." Before they had gone a hundred yards the repeated volley-, had waked I'j'j' to ''"' knowledge that a caravan was coming, and the people went rushing to meet them. L)r Livingstone, also had heard those volleys. \\ e may not know what thought-* Hashed through his mind : what hopes bounded in hi- heart. Su-i and Chuina went hounding awav with the multitude- there were Wanvamwc/.i, Wangwaiia, Warundi, Waguhha, Wamanyuema and Arab all thronging about the caravan with their salutations all ga/ing with admiration on the beau- tiful bindere Mcrikaui (American tlaji. Suddenly Mr. Stanley heard a voice in the crowd on his right nay : " ( lood-morning, sir." Startled to hear these familiar words in such a crowd he turned (piieklv to find the man who uttered them. That man was right bv his side, with the blackest of' faces, but all ani- sr.sr AXI CIIUMA. mated and jovons ; he was a picture lor the artist as he stood then-, dn>-*-d in his long white shirt, with a turban of American sheeting armid hU woollv heail. As Mr. Stanley gazed at this ojij>.iriti in, li<- exclaimed : " \\ ho tin- ini-chiff an- you?" " I am Su-i, -ir. the .-t-rvant of Dr. Livingstone,'' came the an-wi r, while the .-jH-uker smiled a broad, grand, tccth-ili* nlaving r-iiiil<-. ' What, i- \h\ Livingstone here?" " Yt-s, -ir." " In this villas- '.'" " Yt>, >ir." "An- voii -ur<- '.' " ''Sun-, -un-, -ir ; \\liv 1 leave him jnst now." .Iii-t tln-ii a -.1-mid vnier lrnke in \\ith : " ( ii M i'1-iii- >rn ; ii'j, -ir. '"Hall"! i- thi.> another one ?" said Stanley. " V~. -ir." ir." " \\ h:it ! an- v-.n ( 'Imiiia, the friend of Wckotani?" " V.-, -ir." "And i- th- d'M-tm- well '! " " Not VTV \\rll, -ir." " \Vh,-r,. ha- h.- IM-.-H so lon u r'.'" " In Manviiema." ' Now von, Su-i," -aid Mr. Stanlev, "run and tell the doctor I am coming.*' " ^ i-, -ir, ' and oil' Su-i dart<-faiili-v .!. an "M in in iiid<-i-d. \\ifh '^r.(\ hair and l-ard. A- lie ['!'! " '' '" ! :i' t!i. ln-ad i.l' lii- -aravan h<- l""k otV hi- hat, his in- n In!?'' Mr. ^-'anli'V \\alki-d forward and said: I ':'. I ,- '. ! n '-'. I'l" 1 . I |>ri--uiin- '.' " '}- ' r.-ilii-.I tic- d<>< t..r, \\ ilh a kindlv -milr, lifting hi* "THK MKKTING." On;; Both the men then replaced their hats ;md grasjwd hand.-. .There were fe\v words. "I thank (tod, doctor, that I have been permitted to we you." " I (eel very thankful that I am here to welcome you." The introduction was finished, the acquaintance was formed; and the old iuan introdueed his new friend to the A ral digni- taries by name, and led the wav to the broad verandah of IIH lions*-. TheV Were soon seated the two men ->ide liv -ide, with their hacks to the wall of the house, engaged in earnest, conversation; and it was not long hefore Mr. StanN-v found himself enact ing the part of a regular periodical. Referring to this conversation, the doctor savs : "The news he had to tell to one who had been two full years without anv tidings from Furopc made mv whole frame thrill. The terrible fate that had befallen France, the telegraphic cables successfully laid in the Atlantic, the elect ion of ( Jeneral (Jrant, the death of good Lord Clarendon, mv conMant friend; the proot that Her Majesty's Government had not forgotten me, in voting .i'1000 for supplies, and manv other points of interot, revived emotions that had lain dormant in Manyiicma." We cannot follow the conversation. The man who was telling the news was accustomed! to that .-ort of thing, and the listener heard with unspeakable delight. Jt was like coming back to earth from the grave. After a while the Arabs left, ;uid verv soon there came back verv nice, savorv dishes from their majesties, and a roval dinner was spread ; but the dinner did not interrupt the conver- sation -eating and talking, and talking and eating, the time passed rapidly away. It was late before the gentlemen parted Mr. Stanley to review his .-uccess in jovoii- dr.-iin-. and 1 >r. Livingstone to read his letters. I'p to that tune Mr. Stanlev had withholden the nature of his ink-ion. The next morning, when thev met, he op< ned the conversation bv ~avinu : "Now, doctor, YOU are probably wondering uhv I carno here." ' It is true," said the doctor. " I have ]>een wondering. I thought von, at iirst, to be an emiarv of the French < lovern- mcnt in the place of Lieutenant Le Saint, who died a tew miles Gl>4 THK HKV ELATION MA1>E. above fiondokoro. I heard yon had !>oats, plenty of men and Hon.-, and I reallv l>elievetl yon were some French officer until I saw tli % American Mag: and to tell the truth, I was rather glad it was .->. In-can-i- 1 con Id not have talked to him in French, and if IK- did not know Knglish, we would have Invn a pretty pair of white men in I'j'j'- ^ n.-iiK->>." " \\ i M." .-a ill Stanley, laughing, " lir vonr >aUc I am j;hul that 1 am an Amrrifun and not a Fn-nchman, and that we can understand i-ach otln-r pertiftlv without an interpri'UT. I see the A rain are wondering that \on, an Mn^li.-hman, and I, an American, itm nnder.-tand ea< h other. We must take care not to tell them that the Kn^li-h and Aineriitin.s have fought, and that tin-re are 4 Alabama* claims left nn.-ettled, and that we have .-ndi jei>ons as l-Ynian-* in America, who hate von. Jint seriously, din-tor now don't be frighteiieil when 1 toll von thai I have come alter i/nu. "After me?'' " V. ,." " How?" Then tiillowed the recital of the interest which Mr. Bennett had li-lt in the irj-rat traveller, of' hi> calling Mr. Stanlt-v t' him, hi-^ liln-ralit v in fittintr out the r.\|Hjdition, of his cnin- mix-ion " I ind Livingstone." \\ e alrejidv know the destitution to which IV. Livingstone had IM-I-II n-diiccd, and the dreadful anxietic- which were weijhiiiL' on hi- mind and heart. \\ ord- e.uild hardlv express the gratitude he felt for thi- inn \\ -ct< d and unpritfdcMitctl kin-Ill'--. More than all. he -aw the hand o|' hi- (i.xl in the deliverance which had cnine -o o|i|Mirtnnelv. (MMI had neviT It -ecnied like a (ili'd^e of -ii.-c'.-s in hi- chcri-licd It renewed his ( iiir:t_'c :ind -trenijih. Some men would have I li"irjht !' home, \\ onld have '_'"!>' IP -me. I ! did no: rio-j r m/e tin- a- a call home, bnl it a renewal o| In- c.m- mi--i"n in Alri'a, and he n-ii\d it with tin- dii|>c-t thank- fnln- --. Tj|edl\- |i:i--i'd pli :i-.illt 1\\ The ^'001 1 i-hi-iT :illd tln'^'oiKl f'H.d j.i'.-.id.d !i\ Mi. Maid -v a- t d like a charm on the-ick- man, and "-.n li< \-,a-. lnm-ot. Gliding along on tin- silverv Airline, -ur- ronndcd by splendid S found out which afforded anv satisfaction so far as the possible importance of this great inland sea in connection with the wonderful river of K^vpt. The travellers had the pleasure of ibllowing the coa.-t around for inanv miles, diving in and out of innumerable rivers and creeks, sailing under the shadow of towering dill's and bv beautiful banks stretching away in lawn-like beauty. Several time- they were in danger of being forced to defend themselves with their guns against presumptuous savages. Thev both enjoyed it exceedingly. To \)r. Livingstone it was a grand picnic, \\hen thev returnetl to I jiji Dr. Livingstone began the preparation of letters to be committed to the hands of Mr. StanKy. and Mr. Stanlev took fever one \vas quite a* natural a- the other. Christmas came, and it was resolved to observe the day with the time-honored custom of a fca.-t. \\ hat a contraM was promised to inanv of the ('hri.-tinas davs which the doctor could remember! There were fat broad-tail sheep, gnats, 7.1 'gga and pombe, eggs, fresh milk, plantain-, sciiguc, tine corn flour, li>h, onion<, sweet potatoes. l\\\l ala- ! l''erajji ,-po;ltd the ro:i rnyany.-mtM- I.ivinir>lnur a ('n Iloutr Atl"ptfl Fr.rrnt Kii!'-r!.tiimi<-iii Mrth'-l- 'f Untiling M:ikW,T.| uiim tin- I'.iy St:m!. v as l!ti;i!.i Ti-iil-l.il-- Arnv<- lit Kwili;iru ll-'iuc l.il'c - Hi:y l'r> j'.ir.il i'iii- I.i\ :n_'t"in- A l>iin.i'i.' Iii< l.ir-u-il >"iu' Tin- r^rtin. 1 l>.ij.iiii-i\ n .V.-uii- Fli- I.;,.-'.:- 1 ! l'.\j" -iiti-.n < >-u.iM I.i\ nu'-t.nr < ';ir.iv:i!i S.-ut I'..i--k Tii.- Mi-i-.n .-iii|. :.!.-.! r.-.i.-l..i..|. l.iMn.-t.-i,.-. M.,i,l.-y. il..- \V--rM < -lut-.rl HI I '.- i)')' '.ii. tin. n! |.i\ iiij-tmii- :n I n \ Hi \i-iiil. i- Hi- i >.-.'ii|i.it i" - : lli> \|...|.--.\ II.. /. .il r.r \|I-.;..MS Tli.- '..iiiitry ln\itiiiL' A l:..l.in-..ti i ni-...- l.il'.- I"!..- Vl..'!..-^ I' th.- I >.ii;itr\ Tin- <';ill I" M i....ii.iri. - ' A'i.i l-> \I:.-;.-n.iri. " " N.I .1 ii.-jl. r\ --r > !- i _!.: -.t-li:iii-l " I I \ i :i .-.! .!..-'. I:,T. r.-t (..n.rt! i ir.i.p .i!pl \l -.iniu u.--. Sn-p. u<- liiuli >l M.uil.-y in In/l.ii'.l I l..j l^n.-.'ii'-. Ai-kii'.-.i I.-.L-HI. lit. Till: jouriH-v frtitn I'iiji In 1'nvaiiVfiuln' (M-ciipicil ni-arlv si-Vfii \\.i-k~. Mm-li i>t' lip- i-miiitrv iravcr-i <1 jia---t:iiil-\ '-. inan-li tn tin- lakr. 'I'hu-f -j>!i-ti'l''l park Ian-!- which ~n cliamu^l him tlnii \\i-rc tin- -aiin- inatdi!- -- tliiatr-- ti-r \\i'..l mlvcnf nrr. and lii- -pirit , d- -ul -1 v liiinvant in ih'- j'>v ut' lii- -ii'-i-.---, ri-\'i-llrd pmiliarlv in ihc \\'-a!th l i!i.-!d"iiT \\iiidi .adi da\' atl'ordiil. And tin- old travi-lli-r, \vlm-r In-art had liccmnc vi-rv trmlrr t\\ard tin- V"iin_' iii-iii wli't-r iiulili 1 ni!--iin had n-vivinl ln~ li->|>< and " put n- \v ill-- ' iiitu In- t'-i li!- Iraiin-. cnp>vcd tin- nthii-ia-iii \\lii-li i-'-i. ; ; nd ! liini ut' tin- vrar- IMI^ :I-_MI \\ ln-n h> ra\ - '!< d \\iih hi- frirn.l n.\\,-!|. :m,l witn.i-d ih.- !, !i-l,t ..|" ( ;.,rd..n ( 'iinttii ;n. r :;i hi- wmnli-rful firj r a i _ r '-ii)'-nt- v\ith tin- in. >n-;i-r- In- i-ni!i|i inimi l>\ tli- i-\ hiltit inn "I maiiv ln\i-!\ Irai'-i hi-* kiii'iii' - at-d .' n' '' M'--- \\rf- aluav- I-OII-JII--MIIH-. and tho in'.-r- -r -. !i i' li Ii-' iiianit'--l-d in tin- -i )' -~. - i >\- tailnn-* \ t In- vn!]ii/ \ii!i!"-l. 'li- /'-I \viili v. !i!unn-v \\ in- h t" hi in in n -t havi- IH--H > 'in- A IIELPFl'I. FUIKN'D. (7 mon place gave him a warmer phut- still in the big American heart. Tin- travellers had wisely avoided the troublesome Wahha and Wnvinxa by making the earlier part of their journey along the lake; they wen; not therefore, harassed !>y tho-e extor- tions which so frequently spoil the pleasantest experiences of such a march. The personal followers of Livingstone and Stanley indeed, their entire caravan shared the good humor of (heir masters. There were adventures with lions and ele- phants and rhinoceroses and hippopotami and leopards, and buffaloes, zebras and giraffes and elands passed in constant review. And beautiful strange birds and comical monkeys had their part in the programme with which the wonderful country entertained its visitors. Sometimes these actors produced mo-t moving impressions on their audience. Mr. Stanlev had oppor- tunities of testing the strength of his nerves lace to face with various members of the troupe; and often he needed the timelv comfort which his experienced friend eould give, and the hints which thirty years in Africa could suggest were of greatest service. We have become tolerably familiar with most of these animals, and have learned reasonably well how to rank them ; but the different methods of hunting which obtain in different sections of Africa afVect considerably the hunter's selection of his game ; and the different methods pursued by rivilixed and savage hunters make a great difference in the peril or sport attending the chase of different animals. The great unwieldy hippopotamus, for instance, to an American or Kngli.-hman, armed with his powerful rifle, loaded with hardened balls, is often dull work, little better as sport than shooting an '>\ at home. I5ut there arc hippopotamus hunters in Africa wlm, ac- cording to I)r. Livingstone's ideas of' such matter.-, make the bravest work of it that he ever witnessed. These hunters, wlm are distinguished tor their wonderful courage far and wide, are called Makombwe. When they go forth to their gallant .-port each canoe i- manned bv two men; they arc Ir speed, and shaped somewhat like our racing b-iat.-. Kaeh man uses a broad, short paddle, and as thev guide the eatic -lowly down stream to a sleeping hippopotamus not a single ripple i 608 mri'opoTAMUs nrxTixo. on the smooth water ; they look us if holding in their Itn-nth, am! eotmnuniertto hy si^n.- only. As they come near the prev the hartMMiiKT in the IMW lavs down his puddle and rt-es sh % .vl* up. and there lit- stands erect, motionless, and ca<_ r cr, with tli-- luiitr-haiidlet! weajHin poised at arm's length al><>\v his head, till com in,; i-lii-H- \ tin- U-a-t he plunges it with all his ini;jht in toward- the In-art. During this exciting fi-at he has to keep his lalancf exactlv. His neighbor in the stern at once hacks hi- paddli-, tin- harj*N>ner -its down, sei/es his puddle, and hacks too to -cape : th<' nninwl, surprised and wounded, seldom returns tin- attack at this -la^c <>f the hunt. The next -taire, however, i- t'ii!l enn'l ly a lonir and \'erv -!ri-ii'_ r rojM- wound round the handle: it i- intcndtnl to <-i. me "in "f it- -iM'ket, and while the inm head i- tirndy tixed in the anima!'- l>dv the r"|M- unwind- and the handle tln tin- -urt'iee. The hunter ne\t <_ r iM-< t<> the handle ami haul- en tin- r'-pe til! he knov,- that he i- ri-_dit nyer the l>.a-I : when he (I- lie- line -nddenly -laeken he i- prepanil to deli\'er another h::rpo'ii! tin- in-tant that hippo.'- eii,.rmoii- ja\\- appear with a {n-iliie u'i-unt al>\e ih-- water. The l>aekin<^ ly the paddle- i- a_ r a:n r> -p'-it.-d. lut hippo. .(Jten a anlt- t he eaiioe. eriim-he- it \\il\\ hi- L'ri-at jaw- a- i-a-ilv as a pi', r would a hunch of a-p:tra- C'i-. op -hiver- it \\ithakick l>y hi- hind loot. I>. privi-d of tii. it i-tniH- the gallant comrad.- in-tantly dive and -\\iin to the ,-hor-- uiid-r water: tln-\ -av that the infuriated U-a-t l<>,,k- tor th'-lil on fin- -lirt'l'-e, ail'l Iteill'^ heloW tlieV e-eape 111- -I'jllt. \\ !. :i i-iU'_dit liv inanv harpoon- the crews nf -< -< \.-ra Tii. rhino.-. !>- i- hardlv a more mtcre-t in-j -janie than thr pp<>T>o'aii)ii- in the p-.jion- wh P- trav. 11- r- arc- d'lind the '..'...''.' .ir: '. in _' hr-- lv the fatal t-et-e. I ! i- forinidaMr . i, ,.;' emir e. !'iir it i- ipie-t i-.tiaM-- uh. ili.-r tin- Krave-t i;/ - aiiv p-i'-r -fan '!:_' a _" i;i> nt \\ it li a r a!K daii'/'-roii- ...:! -.. i : ii|- h .1- tin- - ha-- . Th'Te eann-.t !" \ ej-\ mucli . n- , -landing u i'h a ritl- in hand and killing all eh pliant, l;..ti, i.r rhiiioc. p>-, u hili- the vi'-tim i- in repo-e ; and there i/ -! i:i! va'or :i'".ut it. l.ut NN e can undi-r-tand the riithu- A HORSE IN TMK HI'NT. niasm with wliich a man narrates such hunting adventures a* Baker and Oswell er a scene which linker descrilieH in his " Nile," that represents the perfection of rhiiifxtroH hunting, and the distinguished traveller de- wrilxs the chase with an enthusiasm quite worthy of IIH theme. It was in Abyssinia. He had left his camp in company with a par'v of aggageers, those expert sword-hunters, whose wonderful dexterity we have mentioned l>efore, and alter spend- ing most of the dav in collecting guru was returning, when at a most unexpected moment he discovered a fine brace of rhi- noceroses asleep beneath a thick mass of bushes ; handing hi* reins to a follower he walked quietly to within about thirtv vards of his game; but before he could take aim thev both sprang suddenly to their feet with astonishing agility, and the next instant one of them charged straight at him. The ball of his rifle onlv served to turn the assailant, and the two animals went thundering otV together; and away went the agga lon^ -word, in tin- wild rneriry of tho inoiiu-nt, a- though hoping to reach tin- ^anu 1 a^ain-t all JM>I- hilitv. No\v f.r tin- -pur-! And as thc.-r, vi^orou>ly applied, screwed an extra Mridc out of Tftfl, 1 .-oon found myself in the ruck "1 nici), hor.-cs, and drawn .-word-. Then* were -even of n-, and pa iir/ Almii I >", who-c face wore an e\|>n->i<>n of aironv at finding that hi- hor-e wa> failing, I (jllickly ohtained a place IwtwteM the two brotiiers, Tuher and lloder Sherrif. Tlu-re had Ix-cii a jealon-y l-twcfii the two jtartio oi a_L r ua^c-rs and each wa- .-t riving to undo the other; thn- \\t\i I )o was driven to madm--- at the -uperirit v u(' Tahi-r'.s hors*.-, while the ]att<-r, who \\ a- the H-nowm-d hunter of tin- trilie. was uld IM- the jir-t to ta>te hlu^d. I tried to |>a-> the rhiiiix-erii- n inv lett,-<> a- t" lire dn-e into the yh>nld-r ni\' reinaininir 1'arrd \\itli niv n^ht hand, lint it \va- iinjMi ilile to overtake the animal- and they hounded alon^ \s ith nndiiiiini-h'-tl -peed. With tin- jjivat'-t c\crti>n of men and h'>r-e- W c c-iiild <>nlv retain our po-itmn within three ..r |. Hi- yard- nf their tail-, jn-t out of reach of the -w>rd-. Th ily ciiaiu-e in the race \\ a- t" hold the pace until the rlmi<>cer<>-e- -hollld IM^'M! to i\:l'_r. The h-'I-e- Wel'e j-rc ed to t 1 1< ' 1 1 1 1 Cl'IIIO-l , hut we had aln-adv run ali'.ut two mile- and the ^anic >ho\\iil no -i_ r u- of 'ji\iir^ r in. ( )n th-v flew: .-onietuue-. over open ground, or through lo\v hni-h. whi^-h trieil the h.ir-e- severely ; th- u through -trip- f op.-n fore-t, uuiil at length the party h--- L r :ui t" tail oil' and oulv a -!.<( few kept their plac.-. \\ e ar- riveil at th<- -iiminit of a rid'je fro in which the Around -loped in a ^'Hile iii'-linatioii fir a'ooiit a mile toward- lh-- n\-r; at tlii- l""t of thi- incline \\a- a thi--k. ihorn\, nahhilk jungle, \'<>r udi.li imp. u. tral.Ii- co\-. it t h-- rhiiioc.-ro- - pr< . d at their ut- mo-t -[ d. V v< r \\a- ih- !' 1" tt-r u'i'"Uiid l"i' lln- lini-h of a raei- ; t!i' -eai'lh \\a--andv diit linn, and a- \\e-a\\ I In \\ innilrj- po-i in tii-- i'i!i_'!' that mu-l r- I'minat-- tie hunt, \\>- reil.nil>led Mr '-\' r! i"ii- to !"- \\ilh the iintla'_ r _ r iii'_ f i_ r ame. Sul t- man h< >!-' j a \ in. \\ -had \>- n for (went v min nte- at a killing pace. T. ti-1. althoU.-h ii"! 'i !.i-l hor-e, \\a- -.,t pulled up before their nostrils, and with noses close to the ground they snorted as thev still galloped on. Oh, for a fresh horse ! 'A horse! a horse! my kingdom for a horse! ' We were within two hundred yards of the jungle, but the horses were all done. TeU-1 reeled as I urged him forward; Roder pushed ahead. We were close to the dense thorns and the rhinoceroses broke into a trot ; they were done ! One moment more and the sword fla>hcd in the sunshine as the rearmost rhinoceros disappeared in the thick screen of thorns with a gash about a foot lon^r upon \\\< hind- quarters. Taher Sherrif shook his bloody sword in triumph above his head, but the rhinoceros was gone. \\ e were fairly beaten, regularly outpaced ; but I believe another two hundred yards would have given us the victory. ' liravo ! Taher!' I shouted. lie had ridden splendidlv, and his blow had been marvellously delivered at an extremely long reach, as he was nearly out of his saddle when he sprang forward to enable the blade to attain a cut at the last moment." Mr. Stanlev was not encouraged to put verv much confidence in the wonderful stories of tropical hunters by his own ex- perience. He was more fortunate in his assaults on the l>cautiful zebras and hartbee-ts and giralles than on lions, elephants, and the rhinoceros. lie seemed formed tor managing men rather than killing leasts ; he was more of a general than a butcher. and lost nothing on that account in the estimation of Dr. Living- stone. There is a sort of exhilaration felt in readin the narratives Gl'J TIIK TKMP.K AT KWIHAKA. of hold encounter* of men with the feroe: -u- mon-'ers of thoM wild region-, Imt the man him-elf do, - not appear nohh-r or more lovelv in our eves Ut-an-e he " l>a^- three lion- in one dav," or *4-nd- a I >u He! crashing through the -knll of an elephant ju-t in time to -ave him-elf from a dreadful death l.en-ath tin, mon-ter'- feet. Living-tone wa- no hunter, luit hi- name will he a ma'_rie word in our home-, aroii-ing n- to noli!-' action ami loftv connive when all the catalogue of da-hin^ -port-men are forgotten. It i- a relief in the midst of the wild ne>- to think of the ipiiet home-like conversations which U-^niled the evenings in t IIP ramp of these two men. ( )ne of them l>et'er informed ahoiit the dark continent o!' Africa than anv other living man, and accustomed t-> 'jrave reflection on all that he -aw there: the other fre-h from travelling the world over, with the careful eye and retentive memorv which di-tin^m-h men whose lni-ine-s it i- to keep the world informed al>out it-elf. Sometime- there were hard, Irving experience- too. Mr. Stanlev -ufl' red fre- iiiieiitlv with fever ; once or t wiee t he v lack < < hn-ud and \\ can i-d of' wild mea'. And -o with varvin-j experience- th.-\ jnir-iim 1 "iiji, that thev entefiil the vallev of Kwihara, with Mi.:- u:it'ur!e-l and -jun- tiring triumphant !v. And it wa- a proud moan nt )or the voting I'-ader ->!' the Herald expedition \\h--n In- v. !, -..nied I >r. Living-tone t-> hi- hoii-e. Since the dav that h-- pa:t-d with the Aral"-. -;ck and almo-t wi-arv ()' hi- life, -trenjtheiied onlv liv the in-jiirat ion o| hi- nu--in, he had trav !!. >| nior-' than t welve hundred mile-, and ju-t one hundred and t hirt v one dav- had elat-ed ; hilt what viei--itnd- - were cpr\ d> -1 in tho-> dav-, and how had he Keen favored hv the I'roviili-nce that ruleth over all! Some of I >r. Living-tone'- own -t-.n - \\-re i n wait MIL' l-'i' hii'i at 1 ii van vn i !>e, and lar^e jirint it ie- \\ h:- !i ha 1 1 " n 1--I t I h- P- l.v Mr. Stanley. It wa- ind---d an a!!i':da'i! fe\\ar-l l'-:' all ! h- 1 t-.;l t-. ---,. th-- happv fa--e .f the LM -- -at Irav. !!- r. '!"!,- h-.:i-e \\as \ jial-i'e --impaf'd \\ith the hu! in v. !,;-h h" \\a- li\in^ f at I'jiji. The -[.,r. r- .oiii- \\- r. lull --t' th- jo. d thiiiL'- of ti,:- iiti-, 1,. -.-I'- ' loth, Ix-ad-, wire and the thoii-cind and om- inn - lim--ntu "THE MISSION ACCOMPLISHED." C13 and paraphernalia of travel with which Mr. Stanley haea!> ; the impression on them those of an American u'"ld coin, an anna, half' anna, and cake of paint with roval arm positively not to be opened.'' The Arab.- had made their farewell call-, and at night the native followers of Singiri gathered about the tembe to give the American a farewell dance. He .-a\>, " it wa.- a \\iki f,U THK FARFIWF.LL EXTKKTAINMKST. srrne. Four drums were on duty, and tin- weird eircl: was formed :ilx>ut the men whose office it was to make the furious music. Boinlniy, as ever comical, nt'V-r ><> mm-h at home as when in the dance of the Mrima, had his head adorned with hi> master'* water-bucket." C'howpereh, nnotlier of Stanley's fol- lower-, joined the eirele with a goatskin wrapj>ed ;il)(.!ii lu> he-ad, und brandished an axe wildly as lie moved anum^ the throng ; Harako flourishing a spear ; Mabruki, the " l>ull-he-.tii d," enteriil into th<- spirit of the occasion with the tread ->f an elephant : Ulimcngo too w:u> conspicuous, with a i;un, looking a- fcriM-iuti^ its po~>il)le; two others of the caravan were l-rjinv t lie drum- mers, baek to back, ambitiously shaking their In rK :it the >t;ir- ; while Asami, the embodiment of j^iant -tivnjth, a towerini; Titon, dealt desjxjraU* blows on the inoffensive air with the butt end of his gun, and to finish the -ene, Mr. Stanley hiniM-lf sprang Into the circle and performed th- " li<:ht t;iiita.>ti-- Ieene was produ--d. Tin- ( 'hoi-airti- dr>pt ;>u hi> kne<^ and dipp-, .,ti-..|i-(,h! Ch.nr. < )h-..h-..h ' ln-n- tin- |M- ;I .|, ; t f |.|.-nty, l' r ,,in ,,.ir li-.tii.---, \.-r\ '^.nr. I'n.lii ..ur ii'.ni. -. "li " nrnT*f. Aii'l li iv i .1 n.i ! ..... 1 f-.r -.<-ry |..n(f \V,- iif h.ill ".irv.-l. ..I, l-,r . |..|i^ ( H.ih.i '-iiuiri ' Chmr.- F,.r - \.-r> |..n Il.di i >i!i.'ir;, "-in.-! n ! "THE SEARCH EXPEDITION." 615 C'livrtiyiti.- -Miriiiiilin hits um\r to wur To flight iitfiiinst tin- A rah*: Tin- Ar.il>* anil W.ur.'u.iii.i Have ifiinr In tiicht MirainlMt! Choir. Oh-i.h-oli I tn liifht Miriiinho ! oli, Mir.mili..! Minimi*)! < >li, to tiijlii Mintmlio ! Cfiormjuf. P.nt the whitt* man will tn:ikr ii" ulit'l ; lie is i;oiii',' home ! Fur In- is ifoini: hoinft, Ami In- will make us irhi'1 ! Sfi-sh-sh '. Choir. The \viiito in;in will makr us trl:ul, sli-hh-ah '. S|, sh-h-h sh-sh-h-h-h-h! I'in-iii inn um-iii-iii --!, ! Tlui^ ended the singular farewell of the Wunyiimwr/i. Tlu-re \vas onlv one 1 1 u >re dav. On the morning of the 1 I tit of March the Herald expedition set out on its return to Zanzibar. The final farewell was taken, and 1 >r. Livingstone returned t> the hou-e that seemed now desolate indeed, while his friend and helper marched awav. To reach Zanzibar, secure followers f!>r Dr. Livingstnnp and sail for England, was the work ofabinit two months and a half. He met at Bagamoyo a:i Kn^lish expedition, commanded hv Lieutenant Ilenn, with \vhom wa< a son of Hi 1 . Living-tune, Mr. Oswald Livingstone. These gentlemen Ix-ini; a->nr-d ot' the relief of the doctor, abandoned their enterprise. Mr. O- - .vahl Livingstone at first entertained the pnrpo.-e ot' accepting the charge of the caravan to be sent bade bv Mr. Stanlev. but after- ward declined. A joyous greeting awaited Mr. Stanlev in /ai:/i- bar, and before many days he had tlu- pleasure ot' S'-ein^ lil'tv- t-even men and bovs in marching trim ; conspicuous among them were- the men who had attended Mr. Stanlev himself. Tln-v had become very much attached to the doctor and wriv ivadv enough to return to him. The parting address of Mr. Stanlev to this little armv illti*- t rates hapjtily the successful method of dealing \vith a da oi' men of infinite importance to the traveller. When thev \\vre about to depart, Mr, Stanlev, standing before them, >aid : " Men, von are now about to return to I nyauyembe. ' ijreat ma.-ter.' You know him ; vmi kno\v he i- a Lfom and ha- a kind heart. He i.- dillerent from me; he \\ i treat von as 1 have done. Pnt von km>w 1 have reward' l*> JF.AI.<>r-Y AND IVUKWLITY. all- how I have in.:!.- y.:i :i'l rich in doth and inonev. Vwil know h"W \vhi-n \ "U U-havcd yoiirsrlviw well I w;i> vuiir frieml. I ._MV. vo-.i plenty to -at an wear. When vo lT nil! in- much mn- -". II,. ha- a p!ea-ant voice aii'l -jH-ak* kind. \\ hen did yon CV-T sv him lift hi.- hand a^ain-t an otl'-ii'l- r '.' \\ hen \-nii \\crr wi'-krd hi did MC! -peak !<> vmi in an^'-r: In- -j>"k- t \"ii in tiiin-.- if x.rruu. N1 >. him in all thin-j^ and nut ilf>iT! him'.'" \\'. will! \\- will, my ma.-t'T ! " the m.-n all cried fcrvcntlv. I lu'ii ca;ii- the haiid-~ha!;iii_ r , and the cara\'an \\ a> mi it.- wav tti I "iiyaiiyem!e. .\iid Mr. Stanley -tx.d wad-hiiiL: the u r i'"at. la/v dii'i'.v, -ailing r-lowly aern-- the i-haiuu-1. He had lini-luil hi- work. Mr. iJeMiiett lia.l .-aid: "Tlieuld man mav IM- in \\ant; tak" i-nuii_ r li with vmi l \\>-\\> him -hi>:i'd he r,-. jiiir,- it. ();' ci.il!'-" v.iii \\iM ae; (.!i vi.nr l.l\-!N.-IiM;." 1 1, had i^nnd [.ivin--t.'iie ; fuiini) him in \\ant ; han then . ' >:inT- had failed - t!u- one flule.l. \\ h. n he came lack he t'uiind aimihcr -tailing in it wa- no !nii_' T ii'eded. It had liecii i'e-. r\'id I'M]- an indi- vidual Am.Tieaii !u lit i. lit the -itcci--fu! e\pedit i"ii. and aii"t!n-r individual Am.-rican tn had i: !> the d> !i\'< rail'-. ,if an Miejli-h- ma:i. Private eiit:""! t!i'i-: I he di-t iii'jiii-heil travi-Ili-r, prnv;dil ui'h e\-erv ei.!!i:.i|! t '.\a- -ittiiM at I nvativetnlie. dr.a\\;n_' !:i- chart- and an M!I_MII_' hi- ii-it.-- |i.r that uhi'-h !, tni-!i-d \\i-nld lie the eiM\n;;i_' |.,']|||.v .(' h.- III'-. A -tr-'ll.: a!.d !il'!:'lll c.lfa\'atl w t- ':i .' - '.\av rr i -i-rvi- him ; i-vi r\ man hind I"! 1 \\\ lull \ < .11 -. I !r - ! iej- ...' _ i . .11 1,1 ill.- u i if Id in Ini i id n 1 1- < ' IH\\ -pai>ei -, ti:-- :. ! '. /. i../: i . ir l'.r a dj;|>. l!nnkin_ r \\.'h j"V and iMa!l T i:d- .!ii had IK -en a li! e t i In, and jn-t l _'ililiin^ to find -H' '.iii' 1:1 ;i:i_'ia ; !!- i -.', ai d a |-M!> : - ; \ i-rn m- nt and an iii !!. i- .<'!< I '.s . i . | ,| . . IM i-inj- ti >r him. i 1 i- .1 . i!-it I- him that. h'i\'y,r th- Mnjii-h IIOMK-UFE AT UNYAN VKMHK. ft] 7 geographers and the public generally might regard tin- maMi-r. that ho carried in his mind and heart unquestionable av-nran<--~ of the appreciation of Dr. Livingstone, and In- knew \\cll i\\.\'. he hail in his possession documents which would convince ev< n theoretical geographers that he had finished his work in a manner IxToniing a man. The home-lite at I'nvanvembe was undistiirl>cd hv the ridi- cule with which the reports of Mr. Stanley's .-iicee.-s had li.t n received, and he knew it. The picture of the old, self-forgetting, |H.T?-evoring, noble man in the tembe of Kwihara, comfortable and hopeful, was enough, We have seen enough of that I >.- vanvcmbo home, of the contents of its storeroom, the cou -, 1<>\\ ;- sin-op, and the faithful servants, to enable n- to understand h>-y pleasantly a man with habits or fancies suited to t!ie latitude may spend a few months quite pleasantly, particularly when lu- ll as so recently obtained release from tbnr or five years of un- paralleled fatigues, deprivations and harassment*. There was not much in the life of Dr. Livingstone dm in/ those months calling for our notice now. Such observations <;' the country and people as we find in his journal have been i'r - stalled by the travellers whom we have found preceding him there. Much of his time was employed in calculations, \\lii. -I; would be found very unsatisfactory to the general reader. Th'-n there were davs in which he occupied him-e!f with uroupiiiL: various reports which he had gathered concerning the country into which he proposed to >^n reports which he did not live to confirm. None of' them were satisfactory to him ; it iv<|iiiivati-fv linn i-n anv point of importance or general inten-t. lie surveyed per- haps more of the great watershed of the continent than air-' other traveller, vet he savs frankly; 4v I n reference to this Nile source I have been kept in |> n-i-; ua: doubt and perplexity. I know too much to be po.-itivr. (Irt;!* Lualaba, or Lualubbif, as Manvuema -av. mav turn out to be the ( 'onu'o and Xile, a shorter river al':cr all. The lountrtin- flowing north and south seem in favor of i;- bcin^ tin- Nile. Great westing is in favor of the ('OIILTO. It would be comfortu:>!>' to be positive like Baker.'' There were questions, however, about which he was iiu'iv dt-- f.JS LIVINGSTONES PEEPEtT SOLICITUDE. eid.-d. He had studied the country, its stetsons, climate, soil, vegetation, its binls, animal-, and general marketable produce verv thoroughly. And he had studied the jx-ople; he knew the evil- which oppressed them, and the possibilities which were undeveloped in (heir ntile characters. Alxut the>e things he coiiM -p. ak po-itivelv. And hi- mind was continually dwelling !i whatever -'-em'-d encouraging to those enterprises which looked to the moral elevation of the people. He hail been coni- |eJled to -urivtidcr hi- long-cherished -chetne of himself estab- li-hing a great central mi ion in the country. The providence. which he lx-liev.il wa- guiding him had assigned him another ta-k, luit it wa- hi- delight to mark the wav for hi- brethren whom he hoped would follow him. Hi- mind wa- much on thi- matter, and it i- certainly mo-t encouraging to those who have 'lia ivd with him the ( 'liri-t-likc solicitude for tin nvcr- -ion of Atri'-a to ( 'hn-t that all hi- trvmg experience- had not diminished either hi- /-al r hoju-fulncss in that great work. We kti"\v that hi- an- n<'t the \\.ird- f a novice, an nnwi-e cn- thu-ia-t. but of a deliberate, well-informed and -inc.-re man. I!-- wa- anxio'i- that there might be no diminution of mi--ionary ell'irf in Africa, and -ndi note- a- tin- following \\tll be helpful and in-pinng to tho-e who 1..-1 tin- great work laid on th'-ir heart- : " Manv part- of thi- interior land pre-.-nt mo-t inviting \>r-- p.-. !- for well--u-taiin-d etlorts of private benevolence; Karag'le. tor in-taiice, with it- intelligent friendly chief' |\nniain\ ika iSpeke- Uumanika i, and Hoiiganda, with if- tei-ming popula- tion, rain, and friendly chief', who could ea-ilv be -wa\e.| l.v an prud'-ni mi lonarv. The evaiigi-ii-t mu-t not de- foreign -npport other than an iw-ea-ional -npplv of l -ad- and calico; coll.-.- i- indigenoij-, and -o i- -njar-cane \\ h"ii d- tamed by ulcerate.] t'- t iii Manviicma. 1 made -u.rar \i: |Hiiindtng the can.- in tic- comniou \\. ...<], -n ni"!'tar \' ihi; co'intrv, --jii'-'/ing "Mt tin- jui.-e \-er\ hard and boiling it till thi.-l. ; t'i' .I'i'.t if had '\a- a lat.-nt aciditv, for \\hich 1 had no ii'-. a'. d i! -o. ,n all (' me !). d. I -a<\ -ujar att--r\\aid- at I : mad' in 'In- -aim- -A iv, and tin? k.-pt f..r month-. \\'h.at a:i 1 ri'-e ar r'u!tival'-d b\ th' Aral'- in all thi" ii|i!and region; ill-- o'llv thing a iii!--!"iiar\ n.--d- in order to -ecu re an abundant sf(i(ii;srjo.\.s TO MISSION A in MS. r ^' supply is to follow the Aral) advice us to the proper -'-H-OII for sowing. Pomegranates, guuv:is, lemons and orange* uiv abi'n- dant in t 'nvanyemlM' ; mangoes flourish, and grape-vines an- !><- ginning to !< cultivated ; papaws grow everywhere. Onion*, nulishes, pumpkins and watermelons prosper, and -<> would most KurojM-an vegetable's, it' the proper seasons were selected for planting, and the most important point attended in in bring- ing the seeds. These mu-t never be soldered in tin- or put in close lx).\es ; a process of sweating takes place when thev are conlineil, as in a l>o.\ or hold of the ship, and the power of vego- tating is destroyed ; hut garden seeds put up in common brown paper, and hung in the cabin on the voyage, and nt expo-cd to the direct ravs of the sun afterwards, I have found to he as good as in England. " True," lie continues, "' it would he a sort of Rohin.-on ( Yu-oo life, hut with abundant materials for surrounding one'- -elf with eomfbrts, and improving the improvable amon_r the natives. Clothing would mpiire but small expense; four suits of tweed served me comfortably for five vearsl!) Woollen clothing is best; if all wool it wears long and prevents chills. The tem- perature here in the beginning of winter ranges from <>'2 to 75 Fahr. In summer it seldom goes abo\\- ,s( I , a> the eoiintrv generally is from three to lour thousand feet above tin- >ea." As for the people inhabiting this central region, although he saw them under the vitiating influence of the .-lave-trad'-. In- has recorded his conviction that there is nothing in their cii-titins or characters which ought to discourage mis.-ionarv elliii-t. It has been suppose*! on the testimonv of other traveller- that these tribes are greatlv wanting: in natural atleetion, and that even mothers are accustomed to sell their children. The doctor refers tn this statement as follows: ' S| eke at Kasenge islet inadvertentlv made a L"> ueral >!ate- rneut thu-: ' The mothers of these savage neonlc have intinitelv 1 I le-xs allection than manv !,-; j'.Kitelv m v et her death bv repeatedly returning under tire \\hil-t en- deavoriULT t" rescue her VOUULT from the i^rasp of mtrudniLr nieii. lint here, for a simple loin-cloth or two. human mother- ea^er'v exchanged their little oflspring, delivering them into perpetual 62'J SPKKK . U'lidu^c to my In-lnch >ldiers.' >;"/.', pp. - ; -t, -"". For tin 1 -a!e of tin 1 little >ti>rv of ;i hear mother/ Speke made a jjen- eral a-ertion mi a verv >jnall and exceptional foundation. Frvuueiit iii'|iiirie- ammii; the n>o-t intelligent and lar-travellitl Arah> failed to find eoiifinnation of this chiKl-scllinj:, except in tin- \vrv rare <-a-c of' a eliild rutting the njiper front teeth hefore the tinder, and heeail-c till- child i- helirVed ti> he 'inoiko' (dn/iit -,'e]n.-h soldiers with him. and the idea that thev loaded tliein.-elves \\ith infant.- at on-e -tamp- the tale a- laiiiiloii-. lie niav have -eeii one -old, an extrcinelv rare and exceptional <-u-e ; hut the mien-nee- drawn are jnt like that <>t the Freiirliinaii who thought the l-"nj;li-h -o partial to-nienle in Noveinh'-r, that thev niijht he .-mi -n-pendtl t'roni tn-e- in the coniinoii hi_'h\\a\-. " In i-r"--niLC Tani;anvika three -e\-.-ral tune- 1 \\a- detained lit the J-h-t Ka-rll'je :i' .nut tell Week- III all. <>ll eaell oeea-H'H A rah trader- were pn--ent, all ea-^er ( hnv -la\'e-, hut none \\epe oti'.-ri d, and the\- a. nrcd ine ;liat thev had n \ er -eeii the hahit aliened to i-\i-t. h\ Speke. l!i..ii-h thev had heard of the 'unhiekv' ea~. - referred to. I'.v rv one ha- known <>i \>\' little l'.itind!in_ r - in Mn niand, hut o-,ir tnotlier.- an- not cn-ditcd with le-- al]-<-;ion than -he-hear-." lie had -Midied tin- en-i.,ui- and di-po-ition-i of the people a- a < 'hri-i ian t aeher, in t he inter, -t \ ' 'hri-t ianit\ . \\ ;! h -peeial re f. -n- in to t he IH:--!O:I \\ i irk , and h-- \\ rite- : " 1 would -av to nii--i"ii:irie-, ' 'mile on. hrrthn n, I" the n .d heathen. ^ "ii have no id a h" .'. 1 'fa V-- \ "M ar-- 111! \ "'i Irv. L'-avin^ the e. >a.-t and d' voting \ on i -.! f he.u'1 1 ! \- in ; lie -ava-jr-, a- t h. \ an- -all' d, \ "ii \vili tii.d uith fotii- 1 dravvha'-k" and \\ ii-kei| ne~-e- a \'er\ '_'i''at d> .1! to .id I iill'e and ].\ . . M:in\ -tateini ii' - a! > 'lit t h- in n siiil'* c> 1 1,'. i in it . in. ^l i MI s\ :1 1 ii' v< r -ee \\ i M IP n -i 1 i i n.: 1 h- i r i n iant- ; A r.i - !..; il.il. nor ha\ 1 . \ n a -- rl i"ii i it tin- kind \\ ..- 1 1 1. r ! i.i i-!. 1 1. 1 . In tin- ei .MI' ( ]i MI \\ i- ti ' \ a-- M 1 1 1 1 that Iii.ur. M " !!' [' f !' r- \\ ill !" | '!' a-- -d I" ha\ ' !. |>l i\ i!e : ;e o! r-adinj !! '!,.;u-i!.'- I r. I .'. \ i n.: -1- -n- '- ".\d\i--r to M i - "i.ii : . -." a i. -I it : - dii< I" h!ni tin! on - 1 5. !i a -n i ! < t hi- 1 J i a ! d in in- o ,v ; i \\ 1 1 1 1 . I : i ; i - I < 1 1 1 o \\ - : TIN: WAY oi'KN. (\2{ ' NII great difficulty would be encountered in est;ibli>liing a ( 'liri.-tian minimi a hundred niilt-s or >o from tin- ea-t coa.-t. The |M-i mission of the Sultan of Xan/.ibar would be n-ci--arv, because all the tribes of any intelligence 1 claim relation-hip, or have relations with him ; the Banyamwc/i even ( -all theniM-lv^ his subjects, and so do others. His jn-rmis-sion would he n-adilv granted, if resj>eetfully applied for through the Kngli-h cin-ul. The Suaheli, with their present ajiathv on religious mailer-;, would !M' no obstacle. ('are to speak jiolitelv, and to -h<>\r kindness to them, would not he lo.-t labor in the general etl^et of the mission on the comitrv, but all discussion on the belief of the Moslems should be avoided; thev know little about it. Emigrants from Muscat, IVr.-ia, and India, who at pre.-ent po sess neither influence nor wealth, would eagerly seixe anv formal or ollensive denial of the authority of their prophet to Jim their own bij^otrv, and arouse that of the Suaheli. A few now a>- sume an air of superiority in matters of worship, and would fain take the place of Mnllams or doctors of the law. bv ^iviiiir authoritative dicta as to the times of prayer; positions to be observed; lucky and unlucky days; usini^n ; telling fortunes; finding from the Koran when an attack mav be made on any enemy, etc.; but this i.- done onlv in the field with trading parties. At Zan/.ibar the regular Mullams r-uper- se read their own languages in the lioman character. .No Arab has ever attempted to teach them the Arabic-Koran ; thev are called '/nine, hard, or difficult a- to religion. '1 iii- is not wonderful, .-ince the Koran i.- never translated, and a verv extraordinary desire for knowledge would be re< -n-tam a man in committing to memorv jia^e- and chapters of'. i<> him, unmeanin-j; gibl)erish. One onlv r'-tu-"- ex- planation to others; but I have avoided uiviii'j. oH'.-nce t< intelligent Arabs, who have pressed me, a-kiivj; if I believed TIIK BKST MKT11OD. in Mohammed, by saving, ' Xo, I do nut : I am a child of Jesus bin Miriam,' avoiding anything offensive in mv tout', and often adding that Mohammed found their forefathers bowing down to trees and .stout's, and did good to them bv forbidding idolatry, and teaching the worship of the only One (Jod. This, they all know, and it pleads them to have it recognized. "It might be good policv to hire a respectable Arab to en- gage free porters, and conduct the mission to the countrv chosen, and obtain pvrmis.-ion from the chief to build tetnjMjrary hou.-es. If tlii> Arab were well paid, it might pave the \vav ibremplov- ing others to bring- supplies of goods and store.-, not produced in tin' coimtrv, as tea, cotlee, and sugar. The first porters had In-ttcr all go back, >avc a couple or so, who have behaved espe- ciallv w !!. Tru-t to the jM'ople among whom voii live for general .-crvices, as bringing WIMM!, water, cultivation, reaping, Miiith's \\ork, carpenter's work, potterv, baskets, etc. Kdncated free blacl<> t'roin a distance are to be avoided : thcv are expen- sive, and are too much of gentlemen for vour work. Von :nav in a few months rai.-e natives who will teach reading to others letter than thev <-an, and teach you also much that the liberated never know. A cloth and .-oinc heads occasional !v will >ati-fv them, \\hilc neither the food, the wage-, nor the work will plca-e tho-r who, being brought from a distance, natnrallv con- sider themselves missionaries. Slaves also have undergone a pnx-e-.s which has -poileil them lor life; though liberated voiinir, evervthing of childhood and o|>ening lil'e po~-o-rs an inde- M-ribablc charm. It is -o with our own offspring, and nothing elVact- the iairv -ccnes then printed on the mernorv. Some of mv liici'ado- -agerly bought green calabashes and ta>le!e-s njiri-h. 'Ailh fine fitt be<-f, becan< their earlv fo.,d; and an ounce of meat never entered their mouth-. It "fin- indi-jM-n-able that each mi -ion should rai-e MX own native ri_ r ei)rv. A couple of KurojM-ans iM-ginnin^, and i-arrving on a iiii--ioi! without a staff of foreign attendant-, iiuphe- eoar-e coiintr\' tare, it i- true, but tin- would !>< nothing to tlio-e \\ ho, at home, amii-e theni-elves with fa-tiiiL r -, vigil-, etc. A ^n-at d'-al of power i~ thii- lo-t in the church. l''a-tin^- and \igil~, without a -p -i-ial object in view, are time run to \\a-te. 'I'hev nf' inn!'- to mnii-t. i- to a -<;rt of M-lf-y-nitificutiuti, in-tead uf EXPENSES OF MISSION. C23 'ing turned to account for the good of o'hcrs. They are like groaning in sickness. Some |>cople amuse themselves when ill with continuous moaning. The forty days of I,-nt might IK; annually spent in visiting adjacent tribes, and l>earing nnavoid- ahli- hunger and thirst with a good gra<>, to !)<( 111- IMT, 1SIJH, without either. A trader, at Casemle's, gave me a dish cooked with honey, and it nauseated from its horrible sweetness, but at one hundred miles inland, supplies could l>c oasilv obtained. " The expenses need not be large.. Intelligent Aral* inform me that, in going from Zanzibar to Casern lie's, onlv three thou- sand dollars' worth are required by a trader, say between -ix hundred pounds or seven hundred pounds, and he mav be away three or more years; paving his wav, giving presents to the chiefs, and filling two hundred or three hundred mouths. He has paid for, say fifty muskets, ammunition, flints, and mav re- turn with four thousand pounds of ivory, and a number of slaves for sale; all at an outlay of six hundred pounds or .-even hundred pounds. With the experience I have gained now, I could do all I shall do in this expedition for a like .-um, or at least for one thousand pounds less than it will aetuallv co.-t me." But he cautions all who propose to seek the elevation of the Africans that it can onlv be accomplished bv real, consistent, IK>- nevolent, intelligent, and patient work. Xo jugglery or -leight- of-hand, as was recommended to Napoleon 111., would have any effect in the civilization of the Africans ; thev have too much good sense for that. Nothing brings them to place thorough con- fidence in Europeans but a long course of well-doing. 'I hey be- lieve readily in the supernatural as effecting any new pn>e<-t< U-- t\\v.-:i the ('hri-tiau mi ionarv ami tin- Aral), whose name, luw I) , ,'M. a -vmvivnie fur selfishness ami deceit. \\'e cannot contemplate the noble he-art \vhich seems to OJKT In-fore ii a- we read the^e pa^es, recalling as we read them tin i -on-e< rated lite which underscores every word, emphasizing their truthfulness and imjKirtanec 1 , without a conscious reverence lor fh" noble, devoted man, who with so inueh toil and self-denial comes In-fore us with wi-e and earnest counsel. And mav (iil L r rant that thi> nolilc life may dwell in the mind- of men, an un l\iii'_ r testimony and appeal, until all Africa is radiant with :!) !i_'ht of the knowledge of (io notjee. In his journal for tln-e month- we find a mo-t remark- able ra n_'<- ii'' -iibjcets. while hi- mind was ab.-orbed by the jjreat (jMe~t:':>- \iii h come prominently before u- in reading hi- lile. iie had infinite delight in the sports of the bird- about hi- door; the pit-ill iarifji-- <>'.' the tinie-t in-ect-, the -port- of childn n wirli their h tip- -jravi -f problem-. <" '::!'! e,,;i|. IMoT'i' 1'i'ailllv befofe II- th:MI hllll-elf \\hell Wr I ; - O-.MI thoii-ht- rno-t i-a-ually i'\pn--ed a- follow-: 'he ;Tt a! :tni'i'j_' men have l>eeii remril'kable at oiiec |<>r i-p and minuJeni - o(' their knowledge. - Duke, when at the lii- consists in lofty indifference to all trivial things. Tlie(Jrand Llama, nit- ting in immovable contemplation of nothing, is a good example of what a human mind would regard as majesty; but the (io- pels reveal Jesus, the manifestation of the blessed ("iod over all, as minute in his eare of all. He exercises a vigilance more constant, complete, and comprehensive, everv hour and every minute, over each of his people, than their utmost self-love could ever attain. His tender love is more exquisite than a mother's heart can feel." Hut however he might engage himself, freely as he might allow his thoughts to roam and soar, there was one consuming anxiety tltr men. He counted the davs. Over and over in his journal there arc found calculations of the time when they might be expected. shall see that the new-comers bv degrees became accustomed to the hardships of travel, and shared with the old servants all the danger of the last heroic march home. Nor inu-t we {br^et that it was to the intelligence and superior education of Jaci.b Wainwright (whom we now meet with for the lir-t time that we are indebted for the earliest account of' the eventful eighteen month- during which he was attached to the partv. "And now all is pounding, packing, bargain!:)", wei^him:, and disputing amongst the porters. Amidst the m- parable difficulties of an African start one thankful heart gathers com- fort and courage." C26 THE QfEF.N'S ArKNOWI.EIXJMKNT. The mon arrived mi tin- 14th of August. Mr. Stanley was already in KriL'land. The pnvious, cheering letters had glad- dened tin- hearts of loving children and kind friends. The staled l*x had Ix-en faithfully delivered ; and the man who brought them wa- reviving the kindest acknowledgments of his -nect -- iVuiii the [M'rsonal friends of Dr. Livingstone anil the l.rit i-h < lovernnient. Conspicuous among these acknowledgments was a very beau- tiful t"kni fn>m the noble Queen, who had always, we renietu- IH-I-. taki-n tin- dcr|H->t interest in the heroic traveller. Tlx- i-xpn-ssions of roval appreciation, so gnuvfullv emlwxlied in tin following note, i> a fitting >eal of the chapter!* which will leave n- free to follow Dr. Livingstone hack into the continent which ju-tlv claims, the privilege of pillowing his dving head ujxin it> hre-.L-t. 11 I'uKKK.N OrricK, Ati'j"-*i -~- 'SiK: I have great satisfaction in conveying to yon, \>y command of the (Jneen, her Majesty's high appreciation of the prudenet; and x.eal whi'-h von have disphycl in opening a eotn- nmnication with l^r. Living-tone, and relieving her Majesty from the anxietv which, in common with her subjects, >he had felt in regard to the fate of that distinguished traveller. "The (^neen de-ins me to express her thaid sticitssfully earrii-l>server IndinYreiiee t<.ne to hanger A Charmed Life - Hetter .Indires -A MidnL'ht Kiu-i.iiiiii-r The <>M Disease - Tin- Shares of Tanganyika Cotton Cultivated II nniiir.' a Hi sines* Ominous Silenee Lake Liemlw- --Tin- Slave- Tra'lf- '/.intment.H [)<>iikt*ys ami tin- T-et-e Tin- Kal>in^o>j N^ama ami ( 'asciiiln- Flood ami Klowt-rs Heautiful l-linlilciii-- A l-"l'i.,di-d < .dintry (Jrrat Hardships Fording Kivt-rs Livinirstont- Carried t>y hi-. M< n Inland Villages The Last Hirthdiiy ilesfdution Snll'erinu". and Lonirini.'* Six I'n-t Kain-'-'all ! Fishes Sinkini; Rapidly I'tterly Fxhaiisted Kindm ^> ut' Mu- ana/.awamlia Tlie Last Written Wonls Carried on a Kitanda The La^t Mile Tlu> Ixust Words Death. WK are not left in any uncertainty about thr plans of I >r. Livingstone when he set out on the last journey of his lite, <>r the hopes which inspired him ; and we can hurdlv find in the history ot'.uunan etl'ort a grander instance ofeourago and pcr.-- vcranee th: n is exhibited in the deliberate and joyous under- taking, win n we remember that the route marked out f<>r himself by t'lis ^reat man was perhaps as exteiu-iye a- all his journeys sine" he entered Africa in iStif!. ''It is all but certain/' he writes, "that four thll-irrown gushing fount; ins rise on the water.-hed ei^ht day- Munli of Katanga, each of which at no great distance otl' becomes a lar^e. river; and two rivers thus formed MOW north to lv_ r \-]it. the other two south to Inner Kthiopia ; that i.-. Lulira or I>artle I'^rcre's river, Mi ws into Kamolondo. and that into \\" t -l.b\ Lualal>n, the mai i line of drainage. Another, on the ii'-rth side of the sources. Sir I'araiHn Younu''- I,ualal>:i. flows tlii'Mii^h Lake Lincoln, oth rwise named C'hibnn^o and I-iomame. and that too into \Vebb'- Lnalaba. Then Liambai l-'oiintain. I'al- merston's, forms the Fpper Zambesi ; and the Lunga i Ltinu-a 1 , Oswell's Fountain, is the lvalue; both Mowing into Innt-r 37 o.T Kthiopia. It inav l>e that tlu-s*.- aiv in-t thr ti>iin!: i in> of' the Nilr mentioned to Henxlottl* by the -rcivtarv ot' Minerva, in Sal-, in Ivjvpt ; hut they are \v..rth di-rovery, a- in the la-t hundred nt' the -,\ en hundred mile- of the uatrr ln-d, from uhi'-h ii'-arlv all the Nilr -|>rinu r - do mii|iUMioiiahlv ari-e. " I jiroj.o-e to L r< > from I'liyanyt'inlx- to Fipa ; tln-n round the -oiith i-nd !' Tanganyika, Tambrte, r Ml.ete; then acr.i-- the < hambe/.c, and round -oiith of Lake BaiiL'weolo, and din- \ve-t to the ancient fountains; leaving thr underground excavations till after vi-itiii'_r Katanga. Tin- route \\ ill -, r\ < to c.-rt i(V t hat no . ,t hep -oiirre- ot'the Nile can come from tin- -osuli without IN-'UIJ; -re n liv me. No one will rut me out alter tin- explora- tion i- a<-roinpli-hed : and inav the ^, M ,,| |.,,pl nf ;dl help me to -how mv-elf' one of hi- -t oil !- lira i't < d -ervant-. an honor to mv children, and, jM-rhap-, to mv eountrv and rae. ." Some one \\ill i nter into hi- labor-, and the h"i)or \\hieli hi-. unei|iia!lrd -elt'-d.-nia! and wonderful devotion to -ci.-nce and humanitv entitled him to de-ire ; but no man \\ill prove him- -]f a -toiiter hearted -.r\ant of (iiwl; im man ran leave a rich'-r le'jaev to hi- children, hi- roiintrv. and In- race, than i< i.r.iii. at IP d in the nien)..|-v of him who crown- a life of u-et'ul toil h\ a c,,n-e.-|-;ited death. Th'-rr wa- no time !<>-t in minpletiii'j the arran-j'rment- at I ':;\ a;i\ eml.e, \\ h. n the caravan wa> onre a! the di-po-al ,.)' the aril' -t man alp.adv -o \\earv of' delav. And no da\ of' hi- lil'e \\a- bright'-;- t.. him than the 'J.'ith of .\u-ju-t, \\ho-e ev.-ti- iii_r -ha-low- hun_ r about hi- camp --an hmir'- march from K -\ ihara. ! he i arli' r part "f the |oiiniev la%' aloii'j almo-t the -ame rout-- a- that tra\''-r-rd bv Mr. Stan!'\- tir-t, and atVr^ard bv i..!;.- .fand Mr. Slanlev, between I |i|i and I nvan\einbe. I he Mri. d of th- dav- i- valuable t p-r-on- r- mtrmplat in^ t ra\- l- . !l t h- < i,!in; !'\ , b l! |io--e-- \'erS lit tie n| Illtere-t fo t hr -J-.-lii J'al r- >d- r. I' -a- t In- ru-t, mj ,,;' J ). I .; \ in _- ' >ii' ' p.-.ird \\ith -m - .! n . -i ; and minutriie-- t he m.i-t t ri\ lal \aria! i"ii- m t he oi; and / ir : i! apprarane. . .f t ]< r- _'i"!i- \\ !ii h he : ra\ .-r-. d. Ib .M'.dii-.' !..;, I., en mop- p-irt ieu'ar in the-e matt' r- had j-iid I -u , or liar.-- d \\ it h a -urve\- fur a i .1 !\ part iriil.ir in thr mention carh day A ( i! U:MI:I> LIFE. r, i _W( of tin* little comforts :iinl discomfort* of travel. If his leaders li;id oeca-ion to cha-tise ;i mischievous hov, it entered the journal if a m:ui unluckily wa* taxed with .storage for an in-ect in the aipieoii- c|iainl)rr of hi- eye, it interested him. \\ > have not -pace for the-e tiling, and the reader would }>< impatient of beiu'4 kept hack from the Braver matter^ before u- ,-lioiild we r 'i|inre hint to he so milch interested in -ixlv or .-event v men of whom he knows nothing. The capacity of oh-ervin^ the-e ! rivialtie- wa- a distinguishing t'rait, however, in the character of 1 >r. Livingstone. It ua- the suite element of character which constituted him inlinitelv the superior of ordinarv travel- lers ; that made his observations .-o reliable in matter- of science. The dav- were to I >r. Livingstone dav- of toil. He wa> no longer VOUIILT, and the \vildness of Afri'-a was no louder novel to him. Tho-e wonderful forest- and charming hill.- which cn^a^ed the eve of Mr. StailleV like the shiftilli: -eeite- of a tjrand panorama, were all familiar scenes to the man who had been walking up and down in the land diinnir thirtv vear-. V.\'<>n that wonderful "paradise of hunter-/' where tin VOIMIL; leader of the Herald expedition rejoiced in hi- lir-t e!i-_;-a^enieiits with the mon-ters of the wilderness, po- K.NI f the leopard. It matter.- little to the iinhirkv man who tind- him-eit' oddly matched in <-l-c !<<. unrn- !' tin-.-, that tii-- animal may p.. e-- only I'epn-ity in-tead of true (tiiira_'. . 1 IK- .-a-e i- de-pt rat*- all tin- -ame. 1 In- h '.paid \va-> never t'n>ii'_dit "t a- di.-tnii^ui-lifd l>v loitv i-onm^e; nut a eaia- van an hardlv pa.-- through hi- native jungle.- \\ :lii"iil earn ni'j -.\a\ a man ! r.\.i It-- than it lirmi^ht. ()in-i'f the li-rln'd traveller with i>i t' th--e nn;naii!v n-eat nr -. Separated trum hi- [larty, and sidly U \\il- deril, tiii' tra\eiler \\a.- vainly endeas "riiiLT t<> regain tin path Iri-iii uiii.-ii he had iineon-cLm-iv tiirm-d. The -lial'-u- had i-!,...-d alu. ut him, and the nii_dit. \\ith all it-m.>-t di-.-'-rdant -oMIld-, j'!' 1 Vaili d. Slldde|d\', \\ llile lie ll-telled ill tell t IV. tearing that a -Irji mi-ht luin- him aer. the path >!' -..me pn.ulin- iii"n-t''r. h'- h'ard a !'. t-tall. li-ht and ran; ii-n-. and a in ..ir-e IIP a' ii!:i'_'. 1!' had hardlv time l-jra-|t hi- \\eaj". n \vli< n tin- lenpird -|.ra!i^' I'll him. Tin- -trn--le \\a- 1'ur lil'e <>n the iinntei-'. par!, }!! ld"r the m HI and liea-t I-h a maninr. :L- !< in-nre pr..teeti.>n trm a--an!t-. Il I >r. 1 .1 \ . nj-f. -lie had I... M a hun!.-i'. and had -<>U'_dit the intimaeie- \\lii. h have lur- !i!-!,. -d t!i'- -:artiiii'_ r nari-ati\T- that fill the |..,,.L- ,.(' nther m n. },.- inijlii have th.HiL'ht "f' the-.- wild- a- they d... A- it ua-, li.-pi--.il ttip.njh the " paradi-e nf linnfer- " \\ ithuiii a \\ "id aln-i.t the " -pl.-iidid 'jam'." I'nt there i- nnn!in in ln- jM'init' i>! an enemv \\hieh he <-..i:!d nt d--pi-e ; \\hieh m- \ i-l. .1 ",!- ; , in-idi..M- nialier th.- .-'IP ! . .(' t'.ill"W r-. and lau_-li.-d n 1 . -iiMj. fir.- and '.\all- "f mud .-I' eaiiva-. I hi- N \a- th>- "Id ,j ; -.a-- .}' ri.'- l...v.i-l- wlii'-Ii had |i.ll'.\\.d him - man\ year-. <.. til da-.- -A.M. !-' at Mi'- ra. and th>- In- n -p-al-> \' lew H .- ;,.. 1- ,,;' .-\ , n . ..mparalive h- a!th alt- r h- !- I'l that p-iut. THK SHOKKS OF TAN(J A S YIKA. f,.",l ( >n leaving Mrcra, ami p:L->ing tin- village if Sirnha, tln-v reached the ran^e of lulls overlooking the Tanganyika, and turning .southward, leaving hi> old route behind him. The land was now peculiarly rough with angular fragments of (juail/.. It \\a- eariv in Ortolx-r, and in the hotte.-t >ca-on. '1 he doctor complained of ^reat fatigue and inward Millcring. Flu- eo i use lay along the range, a thousand feet almve the -ur- taeeof the lake, amid scraggy trees, whose seantv foliage afl'orde. Along the -lion - of the lake a great deal of cotton wa- under cultivation, and the people had devised methods of manufacturing it, bv which thev provided themselves with as much clothing a.i their fa-hions call li.r. The sides of Tanganyika presented a succession of rounded hays an.-wcring to the valleys which trended down to the -hore between the numerous ranges of hills. The hills were the habitat of all the distinctive animal- of the continent, and the familiar traps of the native- with whom the taking of ele- phants and buffaloes is more a bu.-inc.-s than a sport were >ecn daily. Kvcry day it was the >ame thing lal)orious marches over mountains rising five hundred to seven hundred fret above the parses; often fifteen hundred feet above the lake. ( )rdi- narilv there would have been outbursts of enthusiasm, in the midst of the splendid sccnerv which mti-t frinjuentlv have -ur- roundcd him ; but dav after day he pa.->eil in silence along tho-e loftv cre>t< from which .he could look down on the'.Miriace of the lake, tla-hinu like a golden mirror in the lengthening -nn- ravs of eveiiiiiLi', or reflecting like burnished silver the noon- time brilliancv ; or awav over broken ledges and majestic ran^e- of hill- rich in geological etiriositie- and vegetable luxuriaii'-e ; or aloiiLT valli'vs heantii'ul \\'i*h pronii.-es oi reward to intelligent and industrious atteinion. It \va- an unusual and >addeniiig -ileii<-c. anl teil> unmi.-takablv of' the suli'crings with \\hich the journey wa> !H ini_ r performed. He ]xi-- ed through l - 'i|a a, id entered l*nini:u. and on ar"iiu.! the -outhrrn end of the Lake Lieinha. and came ainon^ familiar .-cenes auain. lie wa.- here onlv a little nioiv than one month's march from I'jiji. and vet Iroia tin- jioiht lie had been obliged to turn a-'ro.-- through Itawa. vear- bit! !, and C.'VJ THK IM'NKKV AND T>KTSE. -uhmit to vear- of hartl-liij) ami ilrjH'iuloiKv, all lut-iuisr of thr ,-lave-trade, \\hi--h elaim- the prerogative of hindering all In-iit-volt-nei- anl ii'.oekin:: tlu- \\ ay of .-eiemv ill Afriea, only that it mav ui-c that unliaj'jy eontment \\itli it.- iltytiulin^ frlinif. \Vlirii thev ivaehed the village of ZomKe NovemU-r llth tip' d< tor \\a- reminded vei v forcibly uf that tender provitlrmx 1 \\lii--li -o fpoaientiv wrought .-i^nal deliveramv.- for him. n'ili- earlier tliat t"\\n had Utii -iirroiindcd l>y ti.r ;r'>|i- ui a itout-rllll I'hii't'. and riti-utlv lie had In-fii utti'i'ly r!i:il 1>\ th'- liniiht-r.i "t Xmnbf, \\lu had romr to hi*. a>i>t- aiii-i- in tiiin- I" 1'i't \< nt an alhain-c In -twi-rii thr lx->ii'j;(T.> ami tin- Aral'-. Had tin- lM'tir arrivt-il a li-\\ \\tt-ks i-urlit-r lu' ouihl not have avoided falling into the hand- of ino.-t ovt rln-arini: iiu-ii : and had he IM.-II aide to do a- lie de-in d, he Wiitilil liavt- an~i\'ed earlier. So it i- that im-n \ erv olicii have orca-ion to J.l:t:-e * !"d t'ol' di-a|i|>"illtlllellt-. l''l e.jll.'llt 1\' there al'e Ili'JWM ni"~; t'ondlv i-h'-ri-hed \\ho-i- leali/ation \\oiild hreaU our In-art.- or li!a-t all our intefi-t-. I''-t\\ii-n /'.inl'i- and the li.-aiit it'll 1 An-y the do. tor \\ a> oli'i-i-d [,, I'ee, ,rd the d.ath of 111- dolllvev, \\hieh had In-ill -111- t'erill_' t'"|- -ollii- time the e]]i-el of tin- t-et-e I'ite. Hitherto 1 l. 1 ,i\ inj-!oiie h.id al\\a\'- maintained, a- the re-ult ol ln-o\\n oh-' i A a: i"ii-, that thi- animal, at ail e\eiit-, could 1 e taken tln'oii-'n di-tri.-i.-. in \\hieli hor-e-. mule-, ilo--, and o\en \\oii!d IP. i ;-li ( i a ei-i taint \ ; and \\ it h t he ke n )" r |it i"ii and |M !- - Veraliee i)fii|ji- \\l|o \'. :i- exploring All'Ha \\ltll a \le\\ to i.JM-II It iij> f. 'i 1 I'.ni'ojican-, he laid L'l'eat -trs- on ihe-e e\ JM mm lit-. II- had IM i-n e\.'<- din^l\ anxioii- to d< ij.on-t i ;it- t lie p. i-^iliilii v of . arr\ inj doid\e\ - ;in\ \\ In re in A ! n< :i. I I "\\ tar hi- -ii' < > -- n! f.ii'.ui-.' in d'-in.: -o -hoii!il all'eet oiin'i'- i- a ijiie-tion (.,1 th. in :..d- i--. Til- doej.ii hirii-i-lt', h"\\i vet . e.ui hard!\ l--aid to i..i-.. fe !' d ' i.'- InaU'-r ! 1 i jh!\ . :i- hi l!.- iition- I In- l:ii t that 1. - >i'.;i'.' \ had -till' I' d ill ll-a_'e and 'j !" al nea, hi- "Id friend, and that ol :iih'd \M-tuard.ai-ro-- tin- v:iri"ii- .; I if K .-i. until the\ n .ii-l iei| lip ka!oni_'o-i, at t he CROSSING THK KALOXC;<)SI. 0-Vi confluence of the Luena. Northward, on their right hand, a- they advanced, was Itawa, tin- country <>t' N-ama, now thor- oughly c(n<|iicrcd by tlic Aral>s. Before them wa- the town of ( 'a>cinlic, who had also fidlcn before tin- Aral) trader-. '1 he mountains had been Icl't behind, and the country was level and covered with trees which had been stripped of their hark. The Kalougosi was sixtv or eights' van!.- wide and lour yard- deep. The rains were now fully set in, and the daily experi- ence was becoming one of distressing exposure, \\lnle the health of I )r. Livingstone was gradually declining. The ravages of (lie Aral's in N'-ama's and Casembe's countries had made the people of the villages timid and .-ii.-picioiis. \\ here thev were hold ciioii'_di to remain in their homes, they were di.-tru>tful and ungenerous. After crossing the Kalongosi they turned southward, a little east of south. As thcv came nearer Lake IJangweolo there wa> a manifest alteration in the liice of the coiiutrv. It had l>ecn excocdinglv unpleasant travelling aci'oss the numerous feeders of the great rivers flowing westward ; !>ut it was now becoming one continual plunge in and out of morass and through river* which were onlv distinguishable from the surrounding water- bv their deeper currents. It was impos.-ible that .-m-h e\p<-ui'e -hoiild not be attended with very serious results to a man -o reduced in health and affected ehronicallv with dysenteric svmp- toms. It only astonishes us that he should have endured it .-o long. The few villages were in terror and closed their gates : the tiitc of ( 'ascmbc was ti>o fresh in their mind> to admit of' their entertaining armed -tranter-. There were many plots of cassava, mai/e. millet, dura, LH'"iuid- nuts, voand/.eia, in the lorc-t.all -urroimded \\ ith -UMII^ hi'_ r h lunlges skilf'ullv built, and manui'dl with wmid-n-he-. Theft- were al-o many flowers: marigold-, ;i \vhitc jompiil-lot.kin^ flower without smell, manv on-hid-, white, vellnw and j.iidx Asclepias, with bunches lv- galas, grasses with \\hitt 1 -tarrv semi-vessels, and -pik-let- .1)' brownish red and yellow. He- ides thc-e there were beautiful blue flowering bulbs, and new flower- of' jtrettv delicate fbnn and but little >cent. To this li.-t mav be added bal.-ams. corn- (W4 KI.oWKIlS AM> KI.OOHS. jvo-itie of blood-n-d color and of purple; other flowers of liver color, bright canarv vrllow, pink orchids on .-pikes tliieklv covered :il! round, and of three inches in length ; -piderwort.s of line l!ne T yellow or even pink. OilVereiit colored ax'lejH'- dial- ; Ix-autiful vdlow and red umbelliferous flowering plant.-; ilil! and wild par-nip- ; pretty tlowerv ahn-s, vellow and nil. in OIK- wlnirl of l>|..--om- ; j>c;is, anil tnanv other flowering plants \\ liifli In- did not know. 1 1 i- verv Ix-autiful to think of the -uflcrcr amid sneh annov- aii'-t-. and exposed to -ndi hard.-hips, noticing tlu>e delicate f.-atitr--- of nature with -o nuieli eare and plea.-nre. These l>eautiful flowers were like the -tar- which be-gem the darkwss to i-.-rnind 11- that darkmx i.- not al>-lnte; or like the little d>--d- !' kindn ~~, or the little happinesses, \s hieh eonie to n- in tlf niiil-t of pi-riod- of di-appointnient and protrai-tetl -orrow, t" -:i> !!' onr niunnurinir- and pn-\> nt our de-pair. Living thinj;- in-tinetivelv dn-w laek fnin tin lird--i> "1 tin- lliH>de, and liI-Hiiin-d :t- \ ant ifnliv on e\-er\- -pot of e.\)Hi>ed ;jr<'iind a- they i-onld hav- iln'i'- it' \\ifi-i- had lifen \\ ll.od- surrounding: them. \V- i-ami"t think of anvtliing el-e whieh -o happiU repre-. nt- t hi' ini-ren-- of ( Jod. Manv nf thi- river- had to le forded; and though it would -in a ditli'-ult ta-k lor one entinlv nneneuinliei'ed to mt thri-njh, hi- rii--n n-il>lv earrieil him. 'I h- timidity and nn- tri-'ii'Hii]'-- of th.' jd-ojile ifn-atlv atfiiravat^l their e..nditi.in. Tli. \ i-ipiild '_"-t ii" relialile ^iiide or eorreet information; ;ll ,,| t!i. \v'ath-r \'.a- -ii'-h that no oli^ervation.s eonM !>< made on \\hi'-h th- v e..uld -I' |" nd in -hapin^ their eniir-e. 'I'.. 1..- tin!-- m:ir-hiii'_ r l-lindK', -<-anr il\ pr"\id.-l with f>od, :ilir P!II(I-!\ ill nni'-h "t' tin- time. \\i>nld -'''in t" !< < iiin_di I" }ir-:il. t!" -'..lit'--! -pirit, \-t tin- wonderful man ii" vi-r "ii'V 1 1 ...!.. d l.-i.-i. n "i \\ "fd "! ir r<--< 'Ii it ion l.ut on, mi. el inking r.,' 1 ! i M. . ,:u pi . !n n-il ! |>- rl ina-'it \' I" hi- aim, IH pri --i-d l"r- \\.ird. I IP HP inranduni ofi.n- da\ '- f\p< I'li-ii'-f will illn-lrale t!,.- dnadru! mar. h : "./. , '.! I . \\'. iif .n i-.i-t aii'L north'-a-l tn a\ .id f h- d-i-p j.-t:? "I a !;ti.-'- rivr. whi-'h riijiiir- t \\ e:in..i-, Lnl tin- m<'ii fu :,' l.\ tiii .!,!!' u .u!d rtaiidv hil the broad, deep sedgy rivers is reallv a very ditlieult ta-L < >ne we ep.-- ed was at least two thousand feet broad, or more than three hundred yards. The first part, the main stream, eame up to Su-i's moiitli, ;uid welted my seat and legs. ( )ne held up my pi-tol behind, then one alter another took a turn, ami when he .sink into a deep elephant's toot-print, he required two to lift him, -o a> to ^ain a footinj on the level, \vhieh was over waist-deep. Others went on, and bent down the i^rass, to insure some footing' ( 'ii the side of the elephants' path. Kverv ten or twelve paces brought us to a clear stream, flowing fast in its own channel, while over all a strong current came bodily through all the rn-lies and aquatic plants. Susi had the first spell, then Farijala, then a tall, stout, Arab-looking man, then Amoda, then Chanda, then Wade Sale, and each time I was lifted ofl' bodilv, and put on another pair of stout, willing shoulders, and lil'tv vards put them out of breath: no wonder! It was sore on the women folk of our |>artv. It took us lull an hour and a half for all to cross over, and several eame over turn to help me and their friends. The water was cold, and so was the wind, but no leeelus plagued us. We had to hasten on the building of sheds after crossing the second rivulet, as rain threatened us. Alter 1 p. \i. it eame on a pouring cold rain, when we were all under cover. \Ve are anxious about food. The lake is near, but we are nut -nre of provisions, as there have been changes of' population. Our proj;re>s j- distressujirlv slow. \\ et, wet. wet : slop.pv weather, trulv, and no observations, cxeepl that the land near the lake heiii'_r verv level the rivers -pread out into broad frith-* and sponges." The >t reams were -o numerous ihat e\vn I>r. I,i\-in---tnn,> him-elt' was perplexed. The people had been unable to find name- tor them, and the catalogue which weeouM -'li-an from the doctor's journal would take the premium a- a punitive ex"- r,fS THK LAST IJIUTH1>AV. ci-e lor tlr-t-e]a-- ii>nvi-t. Much nf the country \v:is of course- utterly dc-olatc. N.I laiinaii bcini; could live in the inid-t of .-uch tl ">d- ; all wa^ water, water; nu land; a wilderness of wat" r ; t!i<- antipo.lr; the ^-orx-hing wilderness of sciiitl, where iMMir ( 'holm wandenti. Til.- llnod- .jave the -it'- of tin* little villages that were sc m- t<> have had the ijiiju'r-.-ion that thcv \\t-rc rcallv in the shallow |M>rtions lie tran-]"rteonlfr rtvurnnl nmrc iVnjucntly and viuK-ntly, and ni'i-t -"j.-inii ami an\i rrtlc*tioii^ I'Ti'i-'l lliciilM-lvfS on the -utl'-rer. \\'c - tin in in -neh \\nr.l- a- the following, which wen- t'.uii'l entered in hi- \ -U< t-l>""k : "If the ^>n\ Le/e \va- L'liir.- them ln-\-iii)d, the i-laiid-hoinc of Matipa. Alter ine\- pr'---ili!e hard-hip- and pei-j.l.-\il ie-, that p!:u-e \va- r.aeht-d <>n ill.- I'd of Mareh. Then- \\ a- no ineinorv <>r tnulitiuii nf anv K\iro[M-:iii h:i\'in_ r ln-en there In-l-.i-e. '1 he difficulties in-eparalile tVoin th- lo.-alitv \\i'i'e incrca.-el mi\v 1>\ the p. rli.lv t' Majuda, \\ ho iiml.T mo-t tl.ttt.-rinj- |ir.-t' ne. - \\a- -o.m t'oimd t> l>e:tet- 'n_ r t!i' \ i!!:iin. Th<- pr..:u:-i'd caiim - did not come. The das- pa--er. I .i\ in--(oiie \vn.te th.- ehara -ti-ri-tic lin.- : " Thank- to the A IniMi! \ I'L-. r\ . r ,.(" ni'-n lor pr.-i rvin c _ r m*' thu- lar on the |. urm-v \ lil.-. ( 'an I h. ip- |. .r nit in i at < -m-. --'.' -.. ma UN il-tae!i-- ha\ ar, - n ! I .< -i li.it >-ila;i pr. \ail ovr m.-, < ) m\ Lord .l.--n-." \'.-i-i!\-. he l.i i. . in \\ hoin h>- had !!; \.d ; ' Jo. 1 \va- lhTe : an ntiiiii|>re>eiit i ... i . \' ij'll 'h-- cail'ie- \\eVe ol ,1 ;i ; 1 1. . 1 ; MH!', ulli'll the chief nnd !.i- p- opli had i < ; \ d a Inn! thai I h. p. a- . ai ! man nii_'ht - .i . I'oii-. \: ! on i|,, l;ft!.' i-lt't Luan_'\\a. -urroiin. I'd i .d- MI- - "! ',-. i'. r, I h' 1 I'l'.iv man \\ rot.' , !';! i ii in hi* N ' : . ' n ; h . \ h a! ! m.i .,< !n> KI'FFKHIN(;S AND I.< ).\(. INlst of March la.-t : an arterv gives oil' a copious stream, and takes awav mv -tren^ili : " then he exclaims: "Oh, how I long to be permitted by the Over-power to finish my work ! " It is almost incredible that this man should still inn.-t on tottering along hours at a time. But even the most powerful will must fail some time to sustain a human bodv, and at la.-t Dr. Livingstone was obliged to submit to the kindness of lu- men who were >o eager to carry him, as they >aw how rapidly his strength was failing. At Chinatna thev were on the right bank of the Lolotikila the loth of April. The dry season \\a- now coming on; the skv was clearing and the southeast wind was beginning to blow. The rain-tall was estimated at sevcntv- three inches six feet! much the heaviest ever known in that latitude. The doctor was able then with the .stump of a pencil to enter a rather more extensive sketch of' the country than Usual; of it he savs : "One sees interminable grassv prairiis with lines of trees, occupying quarters of miles in breadth, and with these give wav to boii'ja or prairie a^ain. The bouifa j- ilooded annually, but its vegetation consists of drv-laiul gi - a.~se-. Oilier bouga extend out from the lake up to fortv miles, ai:.'. are known bv a ft ti-h ha- tin- lower jaw turned down into a hook, \\hieh etiaMc- tin- annual to hold it.- inoiitli clo-t- tn the jilaiit a- it -jdide- up or diiwn, flicking in all tin- soft pulpy food. 1 In- -ujM-ralmndaiMv of ^elatinotis nutriment make.- tln-.-e -warm* r- iii'Tea-c in l>n!k with extraordinary rapidity, and the |M-M! -llpplv (it till 1 jN-oplc i- plcllteoll-, HI con-ef ti-li caught l>v \\rir~, ha.-kfts, and n-t.> u<>\v, a.% thr \\ati-r- ili-i-lini-, i- pr'idi_ r i"ii~. 1 IK- li~h ki'l tlirir i'lrincnt 1- c"iuin_r in-nllii-ii ni \'r o unfurl, and rrtin- trmn iin- Imn^a I" anothi-r toward- tlii- !:ik- ; tin- narrowi r parts arr duly prt-parcil liv wi-ir- t" taki- advanla_'<- of tln-ir iin-o-ilit- ; tin- MIII hrat M-cIU- to o|i|i|'i-- tlicin and liil'i-i- lln-lil to lire. \\ Illl till 1 -olltil- ca-t a- -rial i-nrrmt i-om - li< -a! and -nit rim---. A Ulankrt i- ><-an-r!v ii'-i-d'd till tin- rarlv limir- "f tin- morning, ami IK-IT, afi-r tlii- tnrtlf dov- and i-o,-k- -^\\'<- out tln-ir warning rail- to tin- watchful, th'- fi-li-'-a-^Ii- iil't- iij> hi- n-inarkalilc voice. It i- pit'-ln-d in a hi-_di fal--:in k \ . vi-rv loud, and --i-in- a- il h<- \\-TC calling t-i -niii'- on.- in liir niiic-r \\..rld. ( >n<-'- In-ard, hi- wi-ird uncartlilv voice can in-vcr IK- forgot ti-nil -tick-, t> out- tlirm^li lilt-." A t' '.\ dav- ni'iri- IP- -ccin.-d to ~ii-tain hi- inti-rr-t in tin- ci.nnii-\, l.iii he wa- sinkin-j rajiidlv ; he liccaiuc nnahh 1 t" lo more than make the -horh I im-moranda. < hi ihe 'Jl-i "t April he tried to ride IMI the reiiiaiiiiii-_ r donki-v, " lull IP- had onlv _ r "iie a -h'-rt di-tance when h- !!! ! tin- _M-oini'l nlti-rlv e\liau-td and f'aint. Sn-i inini'iliat<-lv undid hi- licit ;md |ii-til. and pi'-k.-d up In- cap wliU'h had dfopjicd ";!'. uhih- ('iiinna threw d"\\ n hi- _ r un and ran \-< -?-.p tin- m< n "ii ahead. \\ h- n h<- \^\ !M. k tie d'.'-t.,r -aid. ' ( 'hnina. I ha\> L-l -M mii'-h I. !"! th- P- - ir iii'ip 1 -trrn^th let't in mv !_'-: vi.ii inn-l carrv IIP.' ||.- \\ i- t !p n a--i-!i- ( | -j-i-ur !\ t' i In- -li'iiildi r-. and, Ipildiii^ t IP- man'- h- ad t" -! a.ly him--'!', na- I.. .IIP IM- k I- . ! IP- \ i ! !:i .: and p!a d In r!,. i.'i 1 IP- hid -o ivc,nt'i\ |,.|t. It \\:i- ne.t ar\ \-> let the !,!! \I '! i 'i . i / r 1 . i in! >-.{ I, IP >\\ -\lit! had happened, and ! >r t ln- p 1 ! 1 :- I 1 I .; '. in_'-t<'fp d- -p.it IP d a HP -- n_" r. ll<- \\.i- d : . I i" .i-l. ii i in ! - np|!\ a ^n ; .|e f. >r t he ip-\ t dav, a- IP- tni . d t h- 1 1 t" !'i'.' i '\ red -.i lar a- t-i he ahle to mar- h : T1IK LAST WKITTKN WOKPH. (^j j the answer w:w, ' Stay as long as you wish, ami when you want guides to Kalcnganjovu's you shall have them.' ' His servants sav that instead of rallying thev saw that his strength was iHvotning less and less, and in order to carry him thcv inaile a kitanda of Wood, con.-i-ting of two side pieces of seven feet in length, crossed with rails three feet IODLS and alMnit four inches apart, the whole hished strongly together. Thi* framework was covered with grass, and a blanket laid on it. Siting from a |ole, and lwrne Ix-tween two .-trout; men, it made a tolerable palanquin, and on this the exhausted traveller was conveyd to the next village through a floo ot' the month 22d, 2:>>d, LMth, 25th, 2Gth. On the 27th he "seems to have been almost dyin<;." That dav he wrote hi- last words; thev were these: "A/IOC/.W/ KJI iji'ift', ((nil I'liiintii ; /'i < -ti|i'r- intetid the jiaau'e of tlu 1 stream. \\ hen they were readv to -K out SMS! went into the hut of Hr. Livingstone, but the doet'>r \vasunabletowalk to tho door. His nu-n remoytnl one side of the frail abode, and plaeinir the kitanda bv the side ot' hi- bed, lilted him treutlv to it, and raisint;- the burden to their shoulders marched out of the village. "Their course was in the direction ot' the -tivam. and they f dlowetl it till thev came to a reach when- the eiiri'cnt wa- un- interrupted bv the numerou- little island- winch -t"od prirtlv in the river and partlv in the flood <>n the iij>pcr water-. Kaliin- ganjovu was seated on a knoll, and active.lv superintended the >4 CARKIKb ON A KITANHA. embarkation, v.hil-t I>r. Livingstone told ]\\< ln-aivrs to take him t<> a tree at a little di-tance <>H', that In- mi^ht rest in the -'i i le till tmi-t of tin- liU'ii were on the other -ide. A pwnl ' a! of care u.i- rei jti itvd, tor the river, l>v iii) mean- a lanje one i ordinarv time-, -pread its waters in all tlirivtiuns, so that a I 'i!-e -tep, .>r a -tnriiMc in any nn-ivn hole, would have drenehed t!i" invalid and the l>ed al-o on which he was <-arried. " T!ie pa--a_'e occupied -ome time, and then came the difficult f.!-!v of eonv'-vin^ the doctor a le tli'jMisitttl in the lw>ttoni nt'either oi' them. Hitherto, no matter h<>\v weak, Livinjrstone had alwav- li.-en alile t> -it in the vari<>n- canoe- thev had n-eil mi like (M-ca-ioii-, ltit ii-iw he had n power t" do .-o. Taking iii- K*d nil' the kitanda, tliA- laid it in the Ixittoin .}' the -li-Miij'--! eaii'M-, and tri'^l to lift him; luit he could not hear the piin \- ( 'ho\\ p< j-e, Sn-i. I-'ai ijala, and < 'hnma. The -ime prei-:intions were n-ed <>n the other -ide; the kitanda ua- l>ron_dit clo-i- to the canoe, -o a- t" pnA'ent anv nniice. --arv jiain in dix'mharkin^. ">:]-' ii'i-.\ liiii'ried on ahead to reach ( 'hitaml'o'- village, and -'ip'-r;n!e;id the building of aiiothrr hoti-e. I-'oi- the lir-t mile or f.vo thev had to carrv the doctor through -\\ani|>- and p!.i-!ic-. _'! i 1 to reach -oiuethin-j- like a dr\- jilain at la-t. " I- '.oii! 1 -.-em that hi- -tniiL'th \\a- here at i;- Very lo\\.-t ili ! .. ( 'hum i. one of' hi- ln-arer- on the-ethe la-' \\eary miles t!,' -.a! traveller ua- de-tin, d to accomjili-h, -a\ - tliat they ,-i-rv iio-.\ and then implored to -t..p and p!ac' their hur .., t'ie _'[., :md. So jri-at \\ . I'e the p;iii::-- ! In- di-ia-o d .. :i/ '.',:- .1 i\ th.it ic could make no att'-mp' t" -land, ain't if 1 ";' 1 f .r a ;' , \ ard- a dro\\ -im -- came over him \\ ln> ii alarmed !, ii a'.! \ --ivi-l\. '1'hi- \\a- -pe.-ially tin- . a-.- at "h. -p,.; whe. , ;i r i. . -; 1 in tl.e p;ith. 1 ! P- one o!' hi- atd-ndaiil- v. a- irill'd I" h'ia, and n -'">!!!' down h' lollinl him linaole to THE LAST MILK. f, {.', upeak from faintness. They replaced him in the kitanda, and tnadi' the Ix-st of their way on the journey. Smic di-tance far- ther on great thirst oppressed him; he a-kcd them if thev had any water, hut, unfortunately, fur on<-e not a drop wa- to be procured. Hastening on for fear of getting too far separated from the partv in advance, to their great comfort they now si\v Karijala approaching with some which Susi had thoughtfully sent oil* from Chitamho's village. ''Still wending their wav on, it seemed as if thev would not complete their task, lor again at a clearing the sick man en- treated them to place him on the ground, and to let him -tav where he was. Fortunately at this moment some of the out- lying huts of the village came into sight, and thev tried to rally him hy telling him that he would quickly he in the hou-c that the others had gone on to build, hut thev were obliged as it was to allow him to remain for an hour in the native gardens out- side the town. "On reaching their companions it was found that the work was not quite finished, and it became necessarv therefore to lay him under the broad eaves of a native hut till thing- were ready. "Chitambo's village at this time was almost empty. When the crops are growing it is the custom to erect little temporary houses in the fields, and the inhabitants, leaving their more -ub- stantial huts, pass the time in watching their crops which are scarcely more safe by day than by night; thus it was that the men found plenty of room and shelter ready to their hand. Manv of the people approached the spot where he lav \\lm~r praises had reached them in previous years, and in -Unit won- der thev stood round him resting on their bow-;. Slight drix- xliug shower- were falling, and as soon as possible his limi-e wu- made readv and banked round with earth. " Inside it, the bed was raised from the floor bv stick- and grass, occupying a position aero-;- and near to the bav-shapi d end of the hut : in the bav itself bale- and boxes were depo-it. d, nne of the latter doing dutv for a table, on whieh the nu'dieiiM- chest and -undry other things were placed. A tire wa- lighted outside, nearly opposite the door, whilst the boy Majwara -lept just within to attend to his master's wants in the night. 640 THK LAST WOIIDS. "On the .>0th of April, 1ST.''., Chi tain bo came early to pay a visit of coiirt<->v, ami W:L- shown into the doctor's presence, but lie \v:is obliged to .-end him away, telling him to come again on the morrow, \\ hen he hojM-d to have more strength to talk to him. ami he \\a.s not again disturbed. In the afternoon h* ii>kiil Sn-i to bring his watch to the Ixxlside, aiul explained to him tii-- p"-ition in which to h!d his hand, that it might lie in the palm whil-t he -lowlv turnrd the kev. " S" tin- hour- -tolc on till nightfall. The men .-ilentK took to their huts whili-t others, whose "iit 1 1 r. M. Su-i, who-e hut was clo.-e by, w;i> told to go to hi- ma-ter. At the time there were loud shouts in the distance, and, "ii enterinir, I)r. Livingstone said, 'Are our men making that ii"i-e'.'' ' No,' replied Sti.-i ; '1 can hoar from the cries that the people are Bearing away a IniH'ulo from their dura field-.' A few minute^ afterward- he -aid slowly, and evidently \\au- <1 riiiu'. ' I- thi- the Luapula '.' ' Su-i told him thev were in ( 'hitamlxi'.- village, near the Mnlilamo, when he was -ilnit lor a wliil'. A'jain, >peaking to Su-i. in Suaheli thi- time, he >aid. 'Sikun'gapi kuenda Luapula'.'' illow many 'lay- i- it to the 1 .uapula '.' * " ' Na /ani /ikutatu, I'wana ' (I think it i- three davs, ma.-- ter i. r-pli'-d Su-i. "A !'-w M-i-und- aft'-r, a- if in ijn-at pain, he half sighed, hall -aid, ' < )ii d^ar, dear ! ' ami then dnxcfl "'1 a^ain. ' It wa- alio'it an hour later that Sn-i hi-ard Majwara again ont-id" tic- door, ' Ilwana want- you, Su-i.' On reaching the l,.-d th- do'-toi- told him he \\i-lied him to l.oil .-onie water, and tiir thi- pM!'|'o-r !, went to tin- tire outside, and -oon returneV IK- -id- . t!i. ii. din-- tiir_' him to pour a little water into a eup, and t" put anot ln-i- i-nipf. oij.- l>\ it, he .-aid in a 1'.\ , t'eehie vni'-e. ' \1! ii.-!i' ; \"ii i-an _'" "lit li"\\.' 1 h'--e \\ere the la-t \s i.. rd- ii' " a- evi-r heard t -p< ak. ' It mii-i h.iv'-l"'u al)Ut I \. vi. wh-'ii Stisi heard Majwara' DEATH. ntej) onro more. ' C'omo to B \vana, F ntu afraid; I don't know if he is alive.' The lad's evident alarm made Su-i run to arouse Chnma, ( 'howperc, Matthew, and Muauyusere, and the vi\ men went immediately to the hut. '' Passing inside thev looked towards the bed. I >r. Living- stone was not lying on it, hut appeared to lx- engaged in prayer, and thev instinctively drew backwards for the in-tant. Pointing to him, Majwara said, ' \\'hen 1 lay down he wa.- jn-t as he is now, and it is because I find that he doc- not move that I tear he is dead.' They a.-ked the lad how long he had slept. Majwara said he could not tell, but he wa.- -ure that it was some considerable time: the men drew nearer. "A candle stuck bv its own wax to the top of the box -lied a light sufficient for them to .-ee his form. 1 >r. Livingstone wa.- kneeling bv the side of his bed, his bodv stretched forward, hi- head buried in his hands upon the pillow. For a minute they \vatehed him : he did not stir, there was no sign ot' breathing ; then one of them, Matthew, advanced softly to him and placed his hands to his cheeks. It was sufficient ; life had been ex- tinct some time, and the body was almost cold: Living-tone was dead. "His sad-hearted servants raised him tenderly up and laid him at full length on the bed, then carefully covering him they went out into the damp ni^ht air to consult together. Jt was not lonu; betoiv the cocks crew, and the morning of the 4th of Mav dawned on the scene." There were no parting words. There were thoughts. (Jod onlv know- them. Alone, on his knees, in the heart of Africa, the brave, good man died. His life had been a -acriliee; hi> death was a supplication. He did not give up his work; he resigned it to God. 38 CHAPTER XXXV. P.riMAL AT WKSTMINSTKK AHHF.Y. The A'-ki>owK-- I ><-al - 1 1 ill ii-i .- tin- B.i-ly A:I- Pr>-]iar'"l Tin- Mat. -rial- f.r Prv|>:irini,' tin- P>.xly A S|-.-i.il M.iiini'-r Tin- Finlialinin.-ii! Tin- liiM-ri|>iin I'rt-|'aniti"ii f..r I>.-|>artiirj Pr..iui-.-- f 'hituml"' lloiit.- i.t" |:,.y- S.-\ .-r.- Trial- Th.- I.nu|iula < P-MII.: An < >M .-rxaiit Aii A'-<-i'l'-nt N.i! i\r >ur_ r .-ry "An 1 ':it'..rtiiiiat.- All.i;r" Tii>- FL-ht Th.- l:.--uli- Th.- i:\,u-.- nl.j..,-ii,, M ( T!a-- Th.- K.i! .;i.-..-i In thr nl.l path Tii. I.ak. N.-w S.TI;C Fa-i.-r P.'.tit.- |.i I 'nyany.-niU- Th.- \.-, I;..-, iv..l l:.-..iu:i..n ..f lln- Mt-n .hi-litial.!.- |.-i-.-|.ii..n A I'r.-a.llnl >:iakf Arrival at I'.a-.n:i..i.i Tli.- Prt-.-J.-u- 1'n-i^ht -Th. rKila K< c. -|.ti.. in l!i!/!:ui'l IJ.-titii'i. ati..n I5uri.il. TIM: curtain t'all-; the drama ot' a wonderful life i- c-lo^^l. The work U ended; the hero died at hi- |>o-t. It remain- only tor u- to -ee h"W faithfully hi^ followers cared I.T hi- remain-, and how well and Kravelv they \\n tor them-elve-. the gratitude and a]ipiau->- ot' the civili/ed \viirlil. It ha- IH-CII nece--arv to introduce the account of tin- leader- ot tin- caravan in t he hoine\\ ard march -o elo-elv, t hat it i- dm- t he I Ji-v. I lorace \\ "a Her, t h<- di-t in^iii-hed eilitor nf the " 1 ,a.-t .loiirnal-, ' and al-o Mr. .lohn Murrav, of London, the publisher, to accredit th.-m uith it. \\ e (eel that the fader- of thi- liook \\ill appreciate having thi- narrali\e a- t'ullv a- po--ille f and \\'e t'--e| eontident a!-o that the gentlemen named will appreciate mir moii\-e- in u-iir^ the-e i'eu pa_'i - ot' their work. It \\a- not \\itlioiil -oiue alarm that the ni'ii reali/.-.i (h.ir more immediate diiliciiltie- : none could -i-e l>.-iter than tin v ^hat < -i:ip! i- at ion- nnjht ari-e m an hour. I h' v I. n- '.\ t h'- -up. r-t it ion - horror eon mt 'ted \\ it h I he dead o 1 ..- pre\.dent in the tnl'c- around th'-m, I'.r tli<- departed -pir.t- ot IIP n are universally l>< IP -vt-d to ha\<- v .-n^. anee and iii:-'h.'i a' I. .ait a- their rulni-j id' a in the land l"\ond the ^ra\e. All ri'e- turn o,, thi- l..-lief. The religion of the AlVican i- a uiarv a':-iiip: to propitiate 'h"-e \\ho -ho\s thi-m- HT'SI AND rill'MA. > selves to IK- stiH able to haunt and destroy, as war come* or an accident hap|cns. < )n this account it is not to be wondered at that chief arid |icoj)lc make common cause against those \vho wander through their territory, and have the misfortune to lo-e one o|' their jartv l>v death. Who is to tell the consequences'.' Such occur- rences are looked on as most serious oflenees, and the men regarded th*ir position with no small apprehension. ('ailing the whole partv together, SUM and Chuma plaeed the state of allairs before them, and asked what should lie done. They received a replv from those whom Mr. Stanley had cn- iraged lr IV. Livingstone, which was heart v and unanimous. ' You," said thev, " are old men in travelling and in hardships; you mu-t act as our chiefs, and we will promise to olx-v what- ever you order us to do." From this moment we may look on Snsi and Chuma as the captains of the caravan. To their knowledge of the eoiintrv, of the tribes through which they were to pass, hut, above all, to the sense of discipline and cohe- sion which was maintained throughout, their safe return to Xan/ibar at the head of their men must, under Clod's ^ood guidance, he mainlv attributed. All agreed that C 'hitambo ought to be kept in ignorance of ,]V. Livingstone's decease, or otherwise a line -o lu-avv would be inflicted upon them as compensation lor damage done that their means would be crippled, and thev could hardlv expect t<> pav .heir way to the coa-t. It was decided that, come what might, 'lie bodv //)">/ )><' hnrnc in Zmizilmr. It wa- al-o arranged to take it seeretlv, if possible, to a hut at sme distance <>iV. where the nccc-~arv preparations could be carried out. and llir tins j)iirpose some men wen- now despatched with axt- to cut wool ? whil-t others went to collect gra--. C'lmma set -tT to s-eC 'hi- tambo, and said that thev wanted to build a place outside tin- village, if he would allow it. l!>r thev did ii"t lik-- living amon^-t the hnt<. Ilis consent wa- willinirlv Lfiveii. LattM' on iu the dav two of the men went t<> the people t- < buv food, and divulged the sceret : the chief' wa~ at once informed of what had happened, and started for the sp.it on which the new buildings were hein<_j set up. Appealinir to f'hutna, hr said, " Why did you ivt tell me the truth I know :l:at yur wani ithecoa-P, liHon 1 tin- country on the nad wa- de-t roved I iv the Ma/itn. I know that you have no bad ni'itiv- - in eominir to our land, ami death often happen* t> traveller^ in th'-ir journey,." Reassured liy this s]eech, they t.,Id him nt' their intention to prepare the body and to take it with th'-in. He, liowever, said it would he far better (<> hury it then-, f.r tln-v were undertaking :m impossible ta-k ; lint tiny held t" their rc-olution. The enrp-e \va- conveved to the nev, hut the -aine dav nil the kitanda, carei'ully eovereh the d'-ad. and the eu-tmnarv mourning \va arranged !' >rlli\vit!i. At th- jii-"ji-r time, ( 'hitainho, li-adin_ r hi- proplt- and aee HH- pani'd )'\ hi- \\ive-, eaine to the new -'' t li ni'-:it. He \\a- clad i;i a Kr-iad re.l el,,th, whieh e,,\-ered the -h. nil-ler-, whil-t the wrapping !' native e.iitcn eluth, wurn round the \\ai-t, (ell a- l.i\-. a- hi- aiikli--. Al! earri-'d how-, arrow-, and sjM-ars, lul ii" _Min- w-!-- -i-cn. '\'\\ dnnnni'T- i"ined in the loud wailing lani'-nt:iti"n. \\lii- !i -" indelililv inipre--.-- it-elfmi the nieinorie- ..f p.-. pie \\h.i have h'-anl ii in t!ie Ma-t, \\hil-t the hand of -er- vant- lir-d vi]!.'V aft'-r \-i.llev in the air. aeciirdinu l the -triet ni!e .,}' I'-.i-tu,'!!'--!- and Aral'- mi -ueh oeea-ion-. A- \ef :,.. tiling had I"'' !l il"!je t-i the c,,r|i-e. \ -eparate hut \MI- ii'-n- hnilt, al'"iil ninetv feet from the |,!-iii.-i|i:i! one. It v.a- enii-lrueted in -neh a manner that it J ; ,,uM !.- ..p.-n t" the air at tip' top, and -n!Vi--i nt ly -t r- -n^ 1" rlefV th-- :ittem|it- "t' anv uild l-a-t t" I'l'eak thr.'ii^h it. r'irm'.v d::-,'-n Uon^ln and -aplnp,'- \\i-re planted -!"! 1>\ -ide and l.'-und ; ..''(ln-r, -" a- t" make a regular -tnekadc. <'!-. ( )!,> l.ij'.l.rn^- the men i-oii-triieted theii- hilt-, and. linallv, the v, },,.',< -. r '. HP nt had an-'t her hi_'h -t-iekad-- earri-'d c 'inp!et.'!\ afiitid .'. A i i ,i!i ; in- n?- wi-j-e made the -ame dav t" treat the eurp--- On th- !'' ''\ iir_' lii"rni!i/. < >ne , ,| the rii'-li, Safeiie, \\ h;!-i \<\ A SPKCIAL MOfKNKK. i;Vi Kalun^anjovu's district, bought :i lar^e cpiantity of suit : this was pureha.-ed nC him fur sixteen -trin--of Lead-; th.-i<- \\;u Usides MMiie brandv in tin- doctor'- *tort>, ami \\ith the-e lew materials thev hoped to sueeeetl in their object. Farijala \v:is appointed to tin; mves-ary task. He had picked up Mime knowledge df the nu'thod pursued iu making po-t- inortem examination-, whilst a servant t<> a doctor at Zanzi- l>ar, and, at \\\> reipicst, ( 'an - a>, one >!' tlie Na>-K l< Imy-, \V;LS tll >(!' to assist him. Previous to thi.-, however, early mi the i>d of Mav, a >peeial iiioiinier arrived. He came with thr anklets whieJi are worn on tlirsr occasions, coinjMix-d ot ruw^ of hollow seed-vessels, fitted with rattling pelihl.'-, and in a low monotonous cliiint >an^, whilst he danced, as follows: I.cln k \v a KniTiTrs" 1 , M nan. i -i-i -.\ kne. Whirh translated is I'o-clay ilu- I jii;li>liiitiiii i* tlcail, \Vli<> ha> ililViTi'iit liair Ir^in oiir> : ('mill' r"iiii'l t" n, who accoinpanittl him in the rcremonv, retin-d with a -nital>lc present (' head-. Thi' emaciated remains of the 1 ditvascd travelli-r were -nun afterwards taken to the place prepared. Over the head- <(' Farijala and ('arras Su-i, ( 'hnma, and Muanva>i-re held a thick Manket a.- a kind of -civcn, under wiiieli the men per- formed their dntie-. Toiike and .lohu \\ ainwri<;lt were pre-ent. .lacoli NVainwrijxht had lieeii a.-ked to lirin^- hi- jiraver liook with him, and stood apart an-aiii.-t the wall of the enclo-nre. In rejidiiiLT about the linp-rini; suH'erin^s ot' 1 r. IJ\ -in^-tone a- de-cril)ed liy himself, and .-uli-e<|iiriitlv l>\- the-e t'aitlifnl felUws. one is ipiite prepared to understand their explanation, and to -ee whv it was po-.-il)!e t" deti'r the<\\^ alter death : they sav that hi- trame wa- little more than -uln and hone. 1 hrou^h an inci-am rarefullv maile, the vi-eefi were removed, and a ipiantitv of -alt \va- placed in tin trunk. All noticed one very . -i^nilicant circum-tanci- in the autp-v. A clot of coagulated Mood, as larje a^- a iiian'- han-!. lav in ihe left side; whil-t Farijala pointctl to the ,-tate of the lui!.:>, tyto THE I'REPAKATIOX OF THE IIOI>Y. which thev de>eril>e a- dried up, and covered with black and white patche>. The In-art, with the other parts removed, were placed in a tin ho\, whi<-h li:il formerly contained flour, and deei'iitly and reverentlv l>nri>-d in a hole dn^ H>ine four ii-rt deep on tin- .-pot where th- \ -t 1. .laeoh wa.- tln-n a-ked t> read tin- burial .-rvice. \\hich In- did in tin- pre-eiice of all. The Imdv wa.- left ID ! fullv i- \po-i-d in tin- -un. N't I'tln-r mean- were taken ti> pnx rvi ;t, U-vind placing .-nine bnuidv in tin 1 nmuth and Mni- on tin- hair; nr ran mir iina^ini 1 fur an in.-tant thai any mlii-r priN-t-* \\.inld Ii;i\c IM-I-II a\ailallc rillu-r fur KurnjH-aiis (r nativt-, tijiisith-rinj^ tin- niil- appliances at ihcir dis|xsa]. 'I In 1 iin-n l\-pt \vat'-h dav and ni^lit t<> ><< that m harm rainc ti their r enl<-r it.- ^tmii^lv-liarr.-d d- .-!, the \vh"!i- vM'idd havi- tnrni-il n-i- a dav lh' p't^iti'.n \' [hi- lodv \\a- ehan^< d, hut at n 'lh< !' tinn- \\a-. any mil- a!!i>u, d to ap|>n>aeli it. N" nmlt-tation la<-r during tin- t'urii-i-n dav-' f\pn-iii''-. At the end <>l' thi- pi-rio.! preparati>n> \\vre iuad- tor n-lraeiiii: th-ir -t'-|>~. Tin- <-"rp-e, Jiy ihi- time t>l--r- al>!\ drii-d. \\'a> wrapped i'iuiid in 'ime (".ilien, th<- leu- IMMIJS; lx nt in\\ard- at th- km-.-- t.. -h"rteii the pa<-k;i^r. Th- iu-\t thiii'_ r wa' t'i plan -unn tiling in \\hi-h to i-ai'rv it. and. in the al'-<-ni-.- n|' planking or tonl-., an adininilh' -nl>~t itntr \\ a.- liuind li\ -! 1 1 j>|>!i!'_ r Iroin a M\"iiua tri-i- eunuch o| tin- hark in our pji-i'i' In li-nn a evlinder. and in il tin ir ina-tt-r \\a- laid. < K i r th:- '-a--- a !!' <) -:ul--li ] h \\a.- -e\\n. and tin- \\hole paeka^e \\a- l::-h--d -i-iin ! v t-- a pole, -o a- ! In earrird 1'V I \\ o men. .l.ii..! \\ a; ii\\ I'i'/lit \\a- a-kd ! rai'M-an ni-i-np! imi i\ the l.ir_" M-.u!:i !!. \\ hi'-li -land- li\ th.' p!a > \\ln-re the U'dy !-''!. -t-i! in j ill-- naiii"' i !' 1 >i . I ,;\ iii_'-t'.;n and I he dale i if lu- 'h. atid. l>"f.i:-i- ].:i\iii_', lli.- IIH-II L'a\'- -!ri-t I n | inn 1 1> >n- t" < 'h;l I'!,!H, i., ! v , ,.p tip- '_M-:I-- i-\> ar-'d a'.\a\ . i a- to -ave it Iroin :. i.; '; lit.- ',\!,:i|i aniiiii!!\ -v,<-ip n\'i-|- tin rmiiilrv and d' -f -. inanv ![-. 1',. -id.- tlii-. lln\ ii'.i-|..| rl..-.- |.. l!n- p'.t t -.- . li:/li ihi'-l. |>'.-:-, v. ith an i-|tialU -lr< .n-j i r..-- pui-f, !;l.<- a liti 1 .! and door p.. -I- in form, \\lii.li tli.\ |.ain!-d lli'-r- onjiii-. v. ''h !.. !.u t!,: : v..i- int.-nd-d for th. li..at; thi--i^n RETURN HOfTK. I'*",; tliev think will remain lor a long time from the solidity of tin timlx r. Helbre parting with (,'hiUlinbo, they gave him a larr/- tin bi*'uit-lx>x ami some m-wspajK-r-, whii-h would si-rve :i> evidence to all future travellers that a u hit-- man had been ai his village. The chief promised to do all he could to keep both the tree and the timher ngn-po-ts from l>eing touched, hut added, that he hoped tin' Knglish would not l>e long in coming to -< him, because there wa- always the ri.-k of an invasion of Ma/itu, when he woidd have to fly, and the tree might be cut do\\u for a ennoe hy some one, and then all trace would lie lo-t. All v- i- no\v ready for starting, and the homeward march \\:i- ln-^un. Hut the tii>t dav's journey showed them that -ome additional prec-autions were necissary to enable the bearer- of the mournful burden to keep to their ta>k, and thev .-cut back to Chitamho's for the cask of tar they had deposited with him, and ^ave a thick coating to the canvas outside. This answered all pur- poses; they left the remainder at the next village, \sith order- to send it back to head-quart el's, and then continued their course through Ilala, led bv their guides in the direction of the Ltiapula. A moment's inspection of the map will explain the line of v'ountrv to In 1 traversed. Su>i and ( huma had travelled with Or. Livingstone in the neighborhood of the northwe.-t -li'in- of Hungweolo in previous year>. The la-t fatal road from tin- north mii:lit be -truck bv a march in a due northeaM din-ction. if thev could but hold out -o far without an v -erion- mi-'oriuii'- : but in order to do this thev must fir.-t strike northward- .-o a- to reach the Luapnla, and then en.. in:: it at -ome pan not neco- sirilv far from it.- exit from the lake, tin v o>u!d at on< e la\- their coiir-e for the south end of Tanganyika. There were, however, -erioii- indic-atioiis ai:i"ii_-t i!nm. First one and then the other dropped out of the ji!, . and 1>\ the time thev reached a town beloiiLiinu to ( 'hitambo'> bro'.iier and on the third dav oiilv -inee thev M t out hall tin ir numlxT were fior* /' >;mJi>, inabilitv to move. The nun attributed it to ih-- contiuuai f>58 THK LUAPrLA. wading through water before the dome further slight provoca- tion, and that the previous dav'- tramp, which wa almo-t entirely through jtht-hy llougus or swamp-, turned the st-ile a-rain-t them. Su-i wa- -uH'ering vcrv much. The di-ea>e settled in on !e_', and then uuickly Khilt* 1 *! to the other. Smgolo nearly died. Kaniki and llahati, two of the women, expired in a tew da\s, and all looked at its wor-t. It took them a good month to rallv -iillieieiitlv to roiiine their journey. |-'ortunatelv in thi- interval the rain- entirely \- l-'arijala -hootini; three Imtlaloe^ near the town: meat and 'jood-uill na -oon earni em-elvi-- lind'f a '/Hide, the\ \\i-re eo||- of ( 'hi-aiama!ama. \\lio \\illinjK 1 otleriHl --a_'e acj--- the m \t dav. CUOSrilNG THK I.UAITl.A. C.V.J Tin- report tluit the men give of this mighty rivi-r make- u-> instinctively Ix-ml our eves on the dark burden hud in the ea.ii>e. Hmv ardently would lit- ha\( -.-anned it \sho-e Uxlv thus parses across these water.-, and who-e spirit, in it.- la-t hours' .sojourn in this world, wandered in thought and imagina- tion to its .stream ! It \\oiild seem that the Luapula at this point is double tin- width of the /amlx-si at Slmjnillga. Tin- v another deep part, succeeded in turn lv another current not so hroad as those previously paddletl aero.-.-, and then, a- on the starting side, gradually shoalinu; water, abounding in rei-d-. Two islands lav }[\. -r showed that the u r 'in- had taken etll-ct. The lion'- 1>!<>"<1 lay in a broad track : for he was apparently injured in the bark, and Muld onlv drair himself alon^ 1 ; but the ti.otprint- of a .-ecoml GGU FATK >F AN OLD *KKVANT. lion were too plain to make it advisable to track him far in the thick cover he had reached, and x> the search wa- abandoned. The Ixxlv of tlic donkey was left In-hind, hut two <~anoe> re- mained near the village, and it is most probable that it went to make a fea-t at ( 'hi>alama!ama'.-. Tra.eilin.: tlirou^h ince--ant -wamp and water, they were fain to make their m-xt stopping-place in a .-pot where an enor- mou- ant-hill .-pread it-elf out a -mall island in the waters. A lire \va> lit, and bv employing hot--, nio-t of them dn^r -oine- thing like a Jbrm to -leep in on the hard earth. Thankful to leave Mich a place, thev pa--i-d Kawin^u and came to N 'Kos.MiV. The people were called Kaweiide; they formerly owned many ealile. but Wel'c I|oW reilllced. TlleV had l>'-e|) put Illlder the harrow bv the NVanyamwe/i, and then- were \cr\ lew herds remaining. A piv-ent \va^ made of a cow ; but il >< ciu- that the rule, " lir-t cat<-h voiir hare," \\a~ in full force in N'Ko-Mi's jia-turc- : the few animaU were exc-eetlin^; \\ild. and a hunt \\a> .-el ..a jl..it t.i obtain the pre-eiit. In \l\\~ limit one nl'i.iir |iartv unfortunately -hoi a villager, and broke the p.nr fellow'> thi^h. Although it \\a~ clearly an ae,-i 1, nt, -uch thiir_ r - <1 not readily M-ttle thein>elyeM down on -iich an :Lxumption in Africa. The chief, hout-ver, behaved well. He told the ini'ii that a line woiiM have to be paid on the return ot tin- U'oiinded man's lather, and it had better be banded to him; for by t!,. law the blame would tali on him a- \\i<- entertainer <>t the man \\lio had br"ii_ r li! about the injury. He admitted that he had orderetl all hi- |H.ij.!e to -land elcar oi'the -p->t \\hcre the di-a-ter iM-eiirred, but le- -upjKt-^il that in tin- in-taiiee hi- ordei> had n\ been heai'd. Th-v had ii'>t -ullieienf ^, H..!- in an\ <-a-i- t<> re- pond to the demand ; and tin !' w a- onl\ ..ne tliinj lel't the le^ r inn-t be a -am ) ' l'\i -t i.f all a h"!e wa- du_'. -av tu" Jeet de. p and t"tir in len/'ii, .n -ii'-!i ;i manner that 'h-- patient cutild -:t in il v\it!i :-.' liii i. A !.u_" leaf \\:i- th- n b..iind r.'iind patient over the , n'- ! _- \\ it li a t biel. !a\ . i . if' mud ; ick and _ r ia-- \\>r>- i-oileeted, and a !ir> lit on N ATI vi-: >ri:,Kitv. <;oi top just over the fracture. To prevent the .smoke smothering tilt; sutlerer, they held a broad mat :LS a >creen before \n-> fa< , And the o|>eration went oil. Alter some time tlii- licat rca<-h-tl the limbs under-ground. Ik-Mowing with feiiratul covered with jH'rspiration, the man imploml them to Id him <>ut. \\ l.-n tii authorities concluded he had been under treatment a stilli' i'-iit time, they <|iiieklv hurrowttl down and lifted him <>ut. 11'- \\.i-t now held perl'eetlv fa>t, whilst two -trong men stretched thi- wounded liml> with all their might. Splint.- duly prepared were afterwards hound around it ; but we are left to hope onlv that the poor man was rc.-torcd the use of hi.- limb. The vil- lagers told Cliuma that alter the \Vanyam\ve/i eni, r au'-ment> they constantly treated the had gunshot wounds in thi.-, way with perfect success. Leaving this village, the men made for the territory of the Wa l T ssi. Here thev met with a surlv welcome, and were told that thev must pass on. There is no douht that the intelligenei 1 that thev were carrying their master had something to do with it, for the news seemed to spread with the greatest rapiditv in every direction. Thev were now approaching ('hawende's town, parallel to the north shore of the lake, and at no great distance from it, on the hank of the Liposhosi river. Approaching Chaweude's, according to native eiiijii'-tte, Amoda and Sahouri went on in front to inform the chief and a>k leave to enter the town. As thev did not come hack, Muanyasere and C'huma set oil' alter thi-m to a-eertain the reason of the dclav. No better >ucce>s >eemed toattt-nd thi- second venture, so shouldering their burden-, all went forward in the track of' the four messenger-. In the mean time, ( 'hiuua and Muanva-erc nii-t Amoda and Sahouri coming back toward- tln-m with five men. Tliev reported that lln-v had entered the town, but li-nnd it a verv hll'ue -toekaded place; tnoivover, two otlp-r villa-^--- of eiiltal si/e were clo-e to it. Much poinhe-dri liking wa- ^oin-j; on. On approaching the chief'. Amoda had re-ted hi- uiin a^ain-t the ]>nncipal lint innocently enough, ('hawende's ->:i. -Inink and (juarrcl-ome, made this a caii-e of ofl'.-in-e. and -na. up, hi 1 insolentlv a.-ki-d them huw th.v dar-d to do -:i.-h a Gt'.'J "AN UNFOUTTNATK AFFAIR. g. ( 'hawende interfered, ami for the moment prevented further dillicultv ; in fact, lie himself seems to have been in- clined to i_ r rant the J'avor which W;L- a.-kcd : however, then- \v:w danger brewing, an inijKi- ible : that iii<\ were tire verv late, and nothing ioiild be 'Iniinl there t" '_ r :vc them .-helter. Meeting with no ditlerenl an-\\er, Sati-ne >aiit tl.eir !liin_ r -, \\heii the -anie drunken fellow drew a bow and fired at Muanva-ere. The man called out to the other- to -ei/c 1 1 : MI. u liieh u a- d. IIP- m an m-tant. A loud er\ now burst !'"!; h that tiie i-hiel"- -on wa- in daiiL r cr. and one of' the people, h;!!liir_r a -pear, uoimd'd Saboiiri -!ii:litK' in the tln^h: tln- \\ i- til. -ijnal l'n|- a general ^crimma^e. ( 'hauende'- m. u fled from the town; the drum- beat tin 1 a--eini>!v in ail direction-, and an mni'-n-e number tloeked t" the -j,,,| tV. .m the t \\ o ii.-i_'liboi in_' villa lie-, armed \\ith their (A-, ar:ou-, ami -pi-ar-. An a->-anlt in-tantlv bewail from the >'i! - . i' . N 'ehi-e u a- -h"! u it 1 1 an arp<\\ in the -h.MiM. r I hroii^h the jitii- i,|.-. :md N'taru in t!ie finder. I lun_ r - \\e|-, bi-comtng \< j n'- ' >i I he eara van. -o, put t in_ p the Ix ><\\ \ \>r. 1 ,1 vmg- r'"iie a:i'! ail flu : r _".d- ;md ehatte!- in one hut, tie im-ii eiiai'^e.] '.'it of tli. to-,sn, and tir-d "ii the a--ailant-. killing t \\ and !!: lin -J - \ i a! '!. r-. l''eann_ r that t h -v \\ otild old v i_ r -'i' h'T * END OF TUB FKiHT. r,r..'J together in the other remaining villages and renew tin 1 attack at night, the men curried these quicklv one lv one and -ub-c- rjuently hurnt six others which were luiilt on the .-aim ,-ide of the river, then crossing over, they tir-d on the canoe- which were speeding towanls the deep water of Bangweolo, through the channel of the Liposhosi, with disastrous roults to the fugitive people. Returning to the town, all was made safe for the night. I'v the fortunes of war, sheep, goats, fowls, and an immcn-e quantity of food fell into their hands ; and thev remaine'.vn wa* at hand. These things gave occasion t<> them to re.-"rt to turee. The desperate nature of their whole entcrpri-e in -taniui: lor Zan/ibar perhaps had accumulated it< own -t-iek of' determina- tion, and now it found vent under evil provocation. It' there i- room for anv other fecliiiLT than regret, it lie- in the !!<( that. c>n mature consideration and in M>ber moment-, the people who sutVered east the real blame on the riuht shoulders. lUF.-*n<>N TO FLAGS. For the next thnv d iv- utter leaving Chawewle's they were still in the satin- inundated fringe of Inmga which surrounds the Ink--, anl on each oet-.ision had to camp at nightfall wherever a r-tin-.;-plaee could IK- found ill the jungle, reaching Chama's villas- "!i til-- fourth day. A delay of forty-eight hour- was ne<- arv, a- Su-i'- wife 1y a--anli', Imt had IM-.-IJ ivpiil-ed loth time-. Hut with the strong fitting these invadcr< have in the eoimtrv, arm<-d a< thev are with tlr- inueh- di-'-ade^l ^HII-, it can onlv l>e a matter of time hefore th" whole ru!", -tie!i a~ it i-, pa -e< into then 1 hands, A i'e\\- ilav- liroti_ r ht them near to < 'Imvaie's town, whiiiJi they de-eriiie a~ a verv .-troii 1 .; place, lortified with a st(H m kali' and diteh. Shortlv liet'U-e reaching it, -onn- villager- trie.] t<> pick a quarrel \\ith them tor rarrviii 1 .; fla'4-. 1 1 wa- their invartaiih- n-toin to make tin- dnunmer-liov, Majwara. mareh at t.'n-ir head, \vhil-t the I'ni. in .laek and the red color- 1( f Xan/iKar \scre carried in a l'remo-t place in the line. Kortnnutclv a chief of' -ome importance came up and stopped the tli^cu ion, or tin-re nn'ifht have l>een moiv mischief, (or the men \\-eiv in ii" temper to |n\ver their Mat:, knowing their own -tremrth |nvttv well l>y tin- time. Making their settlement elo-e to ('hiwaie'-. thev met \\ith much kindness, and were vi-ited l>v ero\\-il- of the inhabitants. Three dav-' journey hroii-jht them to ( 'hiwaic'~ uiielr'- villaL r '.' ; -!' |-in_ r two ni'/ht- in the jungle thev made ( 'hun^u'<, and in anoth-r dav'- march found t hem-eK .--, (.1 their ^r>-.i\ delight, at Kri|M-ha'-. Tle-v -aw at thi- place a lar^e <|uanti?v nf iron and copper n;! - - lr-in_' made |.\- a partv \' \\"anvamwi-i. The pn.c.-.- i- ((-"r-it- d a- tolloNV- : A heavv pie.-.' ,,)' ir,,n, wirh a luniie! -haped lio!i- in it, i- firmlv fi\e. 1 in the 1'ork of a free. \ tin.' ro. 1 i- th-'ii thru-? in?. i if, and a line attached to the fir-t I'ew in. !! \vhfh can l- c..:i\,-,| ihroij^h. A nnml"-r of men haul on tin- liti'-. -iir/:n/ and daii'-inj- in tune, and '1m- it i- dra'.ui through the (ir-t dri!! ; it i- -uli--juentlv pa d through 'th r- t<> render Tin: it still finer, and excellent wire is tin- result. Fx'aviri^ Kajn-ha, they went through many of tin- villages already cnumeratitl m 1 >r. Livingstone's liarv. ( 'hama'* |eop!e eume to .-ee them as they pa>sed I v him, and afler MMIIC muttering* and growling ( 'asongo ijavc them leave to liny li>od :it hi-; town. ({caching ('haiua's head-quarters thcv camped out.-idc, and received a civil nie^sa^e, tolling them to convev his orders to the jM-oph- on the blinks of the Kalongosi that the travellers tnn-t In- ferried safelv across. Thcv found threat fear and rni-crv prevailing in th* neighborhood from the constant niids made lv Kumhaktimha^ men. Lcavini; the Fv'Jongosi hehind them tliev made for M'.-ama'-i son's town, meeting lour men on the wav \vlio were ^oin^ from Ktimliaknmha to ( 'hama to licat up reernif- |ir an attaek on the Katanga people. The riMjnest \\a> >ure to Ke met with alarm and refusal, lint it served verv well to act the part tak n I iv the wolf in the fable. A trrievancc would immediatelv !>c made ot' it, and ( 'hama " eaten up " in due course (i>r daring to gainsay the stronger man. Such i< too frecjnentlv the com>c {' native 1 oppression. At la-t Kumbakumba's town came in ~n:lit. Alrcadv the lai'Lre district of Itawa had tacitlv allowed it>df to be put under the harrow bv thi- rntlianly Xan/ibar Arali. Black-mail is levied in all directions, and the pettv chiet'-, althoiiirh real I v under tribute to Nsama, are sapieioiis enoujh to keep in with the powers that be. The talk was still about the break-up of ('a.-embe'-; po\\vr : but bv I'ar the most interestinir news that reached them wa- that a partv of Knulislnnen, headed bv I)r. Living-tone'- -on. on their wav to relieve his lather, had been seen at Ita^amoio -om-- month- previoiislv. The chief -howcd them everv kimbie-- during their five .lav-' re th' ;r p'.i''- posr it was perhaps to fmd the terror ot' Kumhakumba dvin^ awav as thev tnivellevl in a northe:isterly direction, and c;in..' >><> IN THK 01. I> PATH. amongst the Mwambi. As yet no invasion had taken place. A voting chief, Chnngn, did all lie could for them; for, when the doctor explored these regions Ix'fon*, Cliungu had Ut-n much imprc-.-ed with him, and now, throwing oil' all the native super- stition, he looked on the arrival of thy dead Ixnly :is a cause of real .-orn>w. A-oiimani had sonic luck in hunting, and a fine butValo was killed near the town. According to native game-laws (which in -nine respects are exceedingly strict in Africa), Chnngu had a rL'ht to a fotv-le.: had it been an elephant the tu-k nexi tin 1 ground would have been hi-, past all doubt in thi> in-tamv, however, tin- men -cut in a plea that theirs was no ordinary ca-e, ami that hunger had law- of it- own ; they b'-^jed to be allowed to keep the whole carca. . and ( 'hungn not onlv listened to tlifir -torv, but willingly waivetl hi- claim to the chiefs -hare. It i- to be hoped that thc-e -on- of Tafuna, the head and lather of the Ainambwi a IIIIUMI, mav hold their own. Thev .-eem a -uperior race, and thi- man i- de-cribed a- a worthy lead'-r. Hi- brother-, Ka.-on-o, ( 'lntiinbwa, Soinbe, and their -i-ter, Mooibo, are all notorioii- for their reverence for Tafuna. In tli'ir village- an abundance of colored home-spun cloth -peak- for their iudn-trv ; whilst from the numlK-r of d<^- and e!.-j>haiit--p'-ar- no further te-tinionv i- nettled to -how that the character tln-y b.-ar a- '_ r ivat hunter- i- well deserved. Tin- -t.-..| ( d'-'-ent to the lake MOW lay In-fore them, and they t-ini" to Ka-aka!awe'-. Ilej-c it wa- that the doctor hail p:i--el \\t-arv month- of illii'--- mi hi- tir-t approach t" Taniranvika in pri-\'i"'i- vear-. The village contained but \< w of it- old in- habit mt-, but tho-e few i-'-e.i \-i-il tliiin ho-j,itai>!\ enough and i'- lo-- of him \\ ho had been -o well appreeiateil when th'-v jo'irni ve 1 mi dav bv dav till the -oiithern < nd A a- rounded. it HI- -\ p -rienee of the ditlicult route almi^ the In -i jht- .-injanvika mad" th<-m determine t<> ^i\'- the lake a wid' !.' ;-h thi- tine-, and I'-r thi- |nirpo-e ih.-v h.-ld \\ell to t he ea-lward, pa--nrj' a number o) -mall dc-^-rtcil village-, m one <>t '.-. iii'-li tip \ i-ariiji'-.| ip-ar!\' everv in^lit. It wa- neee--arv to ^o through t!i-- l''ipa 'ountrs, but they learitftl from one man and NKW STKNKK. another that the chief, Kafonfi, was very anxious that tin- body should not IK- brought near to his town indeed, a guide wa- purposelv thrown in their way who led them pa-t it bv a eon siderable detour. 'I'h is road across the plain seems incomparably the Ix-t. No difficulty whatever was experienced, and one cannot but lament the toil and weariness which I >r. Living-tone endim-d whilst holding a course e|o*e to Tanganyika, although we mu-t b ar in mind that bv no other mean-; at the time could he complet> his snrvev of this great inland sea, or a-i|Uaint n- with it- har- bors, its bavs, and the rivers which find their wav into it on the cast. The chief' feature after leaving tin- point wa- a three da\ ' march over Lambalamfipa, an abrupt mountain rang' 1 , which crosses the countrv cast and we-t, and attain>, it would -eem. an altitude of some four thousand feet. Looking down on the plain from its highest passes a vast lake appi-ar- to >tre[i-h a wav in front toward- the north, but on descending this n-nl\-.-. it-fit' into a glittering plain, for the mo-t part covered with >alin'- in- erustations. The path lay directly acn>-s thi-. The ditli-ulties thev anticipated had no real existence, flir >mall villages wre found, and water \va- not .-carce. although b:-a-ki-h. The tir~t demand for toll was made near here, but the head man ail'.\vd them to pa-s tor litiirtecn strings of beads. Su-i ~a\ - that this plain was literallv swarming with herd- of' game ot' all kind-: giratVe and /ebra were particularly abundant, and lion- revelled in the -plendid quarters. The settlement.- thev came to belon_ r '-d chiefly to elephant hunter-;, and the >kil! of Farija'a and Muau- va-ei'e brought plentv of' beet' into camp. As they approached the Likwa, a lon^- -tringof men wa- -Cfii on the oppn-ite side filiii'j; down to the water, and In \\\^ uin-'-r- tain of th-'ir intentions precaution- were ijuiekly tak--n to in-ure the safi-tv of' the ba'j^a^e. Pividinir tliem-el\'e- into time par- tics, the fir-t detaclimcnt \vent a - ro--; t" m-et the -tran^ir-, i-arrviiiiT the Arab tlai; in trout. Cliuma healed another l-and at a little di-tance in the rear ot' the-e. whil-t Su-i and a f w more erniiehed in the jungle, with the ln..l\- conceal'-d in a roughlv-madi 1 hut. Their tear-, however, were needle-- : it turned out to be a caravan bound for Fipa to hunt elephant* 39 U^ CHTMA HKACHF> I'NYA N YT.M BK. i:id hiiy ivorv ami -lave>. The new arrival told them that thov had eome i-traiirht through ['nyanyemU' from Baipimoio, on tin- nia-t. aii'l that the doctor's death had alreailv heim re- jMirt-d then.- 1'V native ,,f Fipa. With Miii-mall -ali-faetioM the men learned from the ontwanl- iM.innl <-arava:i that th- previous .-jury wa- a true one, and they \v-Te a--uri-d that I >r. Livingstone'- son with two Kn^li-luiieu ;md a i|Uaiititv of jood- had a I read v reaehealt-pnn ; iii'lc'l a fjuantitv of verv i^ood salt \V:L- <-olleeteil li\- nm- of tin- m-'M. n ho thoil'jht he eouhl turn an honeM lnni<-h nj' lx-als with it at 1 'nvaiivnnlie. \VheM th'-v arrival at liaula, Jacob \\ ain\vri;_ r ht. the ~cril>e of tin- jiartv. \\:i- cornniissioiiMl to write an aeeomit i>t'tli- distress- ::e_r < in'iiin-taii'''^ oj' the lo-tor'- death, and Chuina, taking thr-'e mi'ii with him. jm--snl on to d<-!iv-T it to the Kn^lish partv in per-Mii. Th<- ri--t of the eorti-je folio weil them through the juti^lf tt Mliereki-. ih- lonin-r i-hirt'. :md - 011 to Ka-'-k'-ra. \\hieh, it will !>< retnemU-re*!, i- not far from I n vanv-ni!>f. \\'h'-n ( 'linma reaehrd the Aral) set tlenn-nt, LienteiiaMl ( 'am- eron wa- |ii!'-klv put in po--.--inM nf thi- main l'a-t~ of' 1 >r. Livin-j-toiu-*- il'-ath liv reading .Ia'-'fp'- N'ttcr. ami < 'huma wa- iine-tioMel <"]<< riling it in tin- piv-.-iii-e -it' I >f. l>i!!"ii and I ,i- iil'-nant Mui - |ihv. It \\ a- a ili-.ipp"intni-nt to find that tii-- r'j"-rt--d arri\al of Mr. O well [jivin-j-fnin 1 wa- rut in-lv rrrone- '.ii-; liiit Lieutenant < 'ani'-r--!! -linwed t!i-' wav-wi.rn m--ii <-\ rv I. indii'--. ' 'hnnri r--t'd '-n-' dav lifl-r-- - tt iii'_ r "'it t- ri-lii'Vi M;-' lomrail*-. I" wh-iin h- ha-l :irr:m_"d t" niak-- hi- \\a\ a^ -"-n i- JH. --!!,!.-. Lii-nti-:iaiit ' 'anii-r-Mi . \ jii-.'--.d a f- -ii" that it \\---nld M'-t !,. -ali' ('"!' hita t-. i-ari-v t!i-- i-l-.'h If u i- willing t" lurMi-li 'ii-ni ", rh i! IP had ii"' a -' nui _'! - - in\'\ . a- h- hiin-'-ll hail nf!'- r--d t--. -.!'!. fr'ii t'-rriti" I l-ir--r- "ti hi- wav thith'-r; 1-ut th'- v-M!K_' l"ll->u- W--P- pr--:!v \'.'ll a-'iinaint'-d with nativo niarau'l. r- !% (hi- tiiii--, an-1 -. t otV \\ithoiil a]ipreheM^ioM. THK HKSOl.rTlO.V OF TUP! MKN. fo9 And now tin- greater part of their task i* over. Tin- Weather- beaten compailV wind their \vav into tin 1 Well-kllown settlement of Kwiliarn. A ln-t of Aralwand their attendant slave- meet them a-* I hey sorrowfully conveyed their charge t-i the same temlw iii \vhirh the "weary waiting" was endured In-fore, and then thev submitted to the sv-tematic questioning which tin- native traveller is .so well alile to sustain. Minim bo's war draped on its length, ami matters h:ul ehanged verv little siiuv fhev wen- there Ix-tlire. either I'm- hetter or fi>r worse. They found the Kugli-li officers extremely short of goods; hut Lieutenant < 'arneron, no douht with the object of his expedition full in view, very properly felt it a first dtitv to relieve the wants of the partv that had jwrfonned this herculean feat of bringing the hodv of the traveller he hail been -ent to relieve, together with every article beloniring to him at the time of his death, ;is far as this main road to the eoa-t. Serious doubts were entertained bv Lieutenant ( 'ameron whether the risk of taking the bodv ot' I )r. Livingstone through the l't_ r|) u r <> eountrv ought to be run. It verv naturally occurred to him that Dr. Livingstone might have felt a wi-h during life to IM' buried in the same laixl in which the remain^ of hi- wife lay. for it will be rcmt'inbered that the sjrave of Mr-. Living- stone is at Slmpanga, on the Zambe-i. All this wa.- put before the men, but thev steadilv adhered to their first conviction that it was right at all risks to attempt to bear their ma-ter home, and thev were no longer urged to burv him at Kwihara. lv making a ten davs' detour at ".lua Sin^a." and travelling bv a path well known to one of' their partv through the jungle ot' I'oli \~a ven<_ji, thev hoped to avoid the \\airoj" and keep o;it of' harm's wav, and to be alile to make the doth hold out with which thev were supplied. Making an earlv -tart, the bodv \vas etirried t" Ka-ekera l>y Su-i'< partv. where, from an evident di- inclination to rnvive it intothevillage.au encampment wa< made oiit-ide. A eonsul- tation now became neci---arv. There wa- no di-gui-ing the tact that it' thev kept aln^ the main road intelligence wi-uld pre- cede them concci-ninu' that in \\hich thev were rngag"d, stirring up i-ertain ho-tilitv and jeopardi/in^ the ni"-t preci..u< charge they liad. A plan was <|uickly hit upon. I'nob-t-rvetl. the 670 JfSTIFIAIU.F. PFCFTTION. men removed the <-<>rp>e of tlie deceased explorer from the package in which it had hitherto been eonveved, and burin] the bark ea-e in the hut in the thicket around the village in which th'-v had pla<--d it. The object now wa- to throw the villagers of]' th' ir 'juard, bv making believe that thev had relin.pii-hed the attempt to c-ari'V the bodv to /an/ihar. Thev f. :_[ued that tlr-v had abandoned their ta.-k, having changed their mind-, an 1 that it mu-t Ix- -ent back to I'nvanvembe to In- buri.'d then-. In the mean time the eurp-e of miv--itv had to IK- con- ci-ali-d in the -malle-t -pace po--ible, it' thev were aetuallv to conv v it -ecretiv for the t'uture; this wa< ijuicklv managed. Su-i and i 'inima went into the wood anil -tripped oil' a fiv-h l'ii_Mh ot' baik from an X'gonilK 1 tree; in this the remain-. eonveii!"iit Iv prepared a- to length, were placed, the whole IM-JH^ surrounded with calico in -ueh a manner a- to appear like an ordinary travelling bale, which wa< then deposited \\ith the re-t ut' th" '_'ood-. Th'-v next proee"il"d to Bather a t'airot of mapira--talk-. euttiti"; them in length- ol' -i\ f ,-t ,.[ -,.. imd -wa'hinj- th'-m nmnd with cloth to imitate a dead bodv about to ! buried. Thi- don.-, a jiaper, folded -.. a- to repre-ent a |ett.-r. wa- dulv plaeeil in a cleft -tick, aceordin^ to the native letfer-earri'-r'- eu-totu. and -i\ tru-t'.\orthv men wej-e told oil' o-'"M- : b!y to -o with the corp-e to I "nvanvemhe, \\'ith due -'e-'iinity th" m.-n -( out : the villager- \\ere nidv too thankful t-i - it, and no one -u-p.-et.-d the rtl-e. It \\a- m-ar -undown. Tii" b.-arer- of the pa^ka/e h"!d on their wav. (ill tairU bev.md all chance of d"'.-etion. and th.-n be-an to di-j.o f their load. I h" mapira ti.-k- w.'j-e thi-o-\ii one |iy one larauav into the jun_'!.-. and u h.-n all w.-re di-p..-,d ..f. th" \\rappin-- \\en- eiiiinin'/lv -_'.! rid f in rh" -anie way. n! u:i! !v -'"-'- 'h" l-ivk ""}]in -rid wrapj-iii'_'-. eontainin^ I':. l.i\iirj- "-I; . ..ii !h- arrival at I'.a-aMioio. \nd i.o-.v. ,1,-.,, id ,,f ". tlf p- of K.I-. !., ra a-k.-d lli'-m a!! to , onu and fak A DIlKADFt'l. s.NAKK. joiirncv to the x-a. Some dav> after leav- ing KiiM'ktTH, a- they wended their wav through a rockv plan-, a little girl in their train, named I,o-i, met her death iit a shocking way. It appear.- that the pour child was earrving a water-jar on her head in the file of people, when an enormous -nake da>hcd across the path, delilieratelv struck her in the thigh, and made for a hole in the jungle elo.-e at hand. This work of a moment was siiilieient, i'nr the poor girl iMI mv the I nvanvctnlK 1 road, and that, \\hil-t p-i IIIL: the identical >pot where thi- di-a-ter occiim-d. on-' ol' tin- men was attacked \}\- the -aim- .-nake. with pn-ei-i'lv the -ame re-ult- ; in fact, \\ hen looking tor a place in which to Imrv him they -aw the grav- of Lo-i, and the two lie -ide !>v -ide. Natal eoloni-ts will prohahlv rcco^m/e th<- Manilla in tin- snake; it i- much to lie der-ired that spe<-imeiis should le pro- cured tor pnrpo-c- ot' comparison. In sonthern Africa -o ;_T' at is the dread it in-piiv- that the ( 'atl'rc- will hr-ak up a kraal and tin-sake the nlaee if a Mamla takes up hi- quarter- in :! vicinity, and, from what we have -eeii alnive. with no niid;.-- caution. S'i-i, to whom thi- -nake wa.- known in tin- ShupatiL r :i i"M_: ! ie a- " r.ul'ii," d-criltr- it a- al'oiit twelve ti-et li'ii'j. dark in "';. of a dirty lihie under the h.-llv. with red marking, like r! ; .- wattJc- of a cock, on the In-ad. Tin- Aral'- u r " -" liir a.- t" -av fi7'2 DKI.IYKK:N<; THKIR CHARGE. fhat it i- known t<> oppose tin 1 pa.ssajy of a caravan at times. Twisting its tail round a branch, it will strike one man at tor another in the head uith fatal certaintv. Their remedv \> t*> (ill a jMit with b-'ilint; water, which i- put on tin- head and carried iiinli-r th-- tree! The Miake da>lus hi- head into this and i- killfl the -lorv i> ^iven lor what it i.- worth. At la-t tin- e..a-t town of Ba^anioio came in .-i^ht, and before rnanv hur- were over one of Her Majesty'.* cruisers conveyed the actin.: c>n-u!, ( 'aptain I'rideaux, from Xan/ihar to the sjw>t which the cortege liad reached. Arrangements were quickly made for tran-portiti'.: the remains of I >r. Livingstone to the inland, >ome ihirtv miles distant, ami then it iRi-anu* jx'rhajw rather toar in 1 Mli to enter II|MII his la-t di~e. iverie- : ..!' all the.-e, live onlv eoiild an.-wer to the roll- call a> tliev handed over the dead !)IM!\ of their leadei to his c.iiintrvmen on the -linn-- whither tliev had retnrnel, and this alter i i_;lit vcar-' de-peratr -ervice. < )n< e more \\r n-peat the name- o. the-e men. Sn-i and .lame- ( 'liiima have l>eii siiilit-iently prominent throughout hardU" -o perhap- lia- Ani'>da, their comrade ever -inee the /,i!iili--i da - >- "t l^'il: ilicii \\ e hav Aliram and Malirnki, a' !i uith -el'Vlce tc -h'>w tV'MIl the time he left the Na-Mck ('..!!._'. with the doctor iii 1 Mi"). \,,|- nin-t we ti.i-L'et Ntoaeka and Halima, the twn native 'jirl- nt whom we have heard -uch a _'')< d -hara< -t r : lh-\ ca-t in tln-ir l"t with th- wanderer- in M.HM 'i.-m.i It .1..I - -.-..iii -trance t" h--ar th<- nn n siv that no I u li'iWiied -nit i.t' in l ice, that iii-t - miieh a.- a pa a^'e t. the i-!.uid " :i- :]. r>-d tli"in when thur Imrdeii wa- l>nrne awa\. \\ ' mn-t !I"|H- th it it i- nt !' late . v-n f"r the -ake <(' e..n- r.-tlt'-. t.i pill l! i. n ! "I'd that \>\i- eoiiiitrvinan and his wonderful enterprise, the means of cluing so eonld never have IM-CII placed at our disposal hut lor Un- ready willingness which made Stisi and ('hiiina deterinijie, il possible, to render an account to some of those whom they had known as their master's old eompauioiis. If tin- geographer finds before him new facts, new discoveries, new theories, a-< Living-tone alone could record them, it is right and proper ihat he should feel the part these men have plaved in fiinii-liiii'_r him with such valuable matter. Nothing but such leader-hip and stauuehuess as that which organi/ed the march home from I Mala, and distinguished it throughout, could have brought Livingstone's bones to Kngland, or his last notes and map.- to the. outer world. They performed their service noblv. The mournful tidings was quirk ly convoyed to London, and it thrilled the world with sorrow. A few davs onlv the un- willing hearts of friends entertained trembling hope that tip-re mi'dit be a mistake: the eonfirmation was inevitable; the pain- O I ful anxietv was relieved by the more painful certain! v. Tho-- who had watched with deepest interest the life of the great, man eould onlv wait with deepest sadness to welcome his lilMe-s bodv back to burial ; the world could onlv wait for the final story, that it might embalm the complete life in its reverence and memorv. The precious freight was shipped from Xanx.ibar in I-Ybruarv. in care of Mr. Arthur Yoiin^. There was the bodv, and with it all the hooks, papers, and personal etli-ct- of J)r. Liviu^tone. At Aden Mr. Young was joined bv Mr. Thomas Living-tone. the oldest son of the missionary, a mercantile a^-nt in L_;.'''t, and all was reshipped in the "Malwa" fin 1 Ln^laiid. \Viiesi the ship arrived at Southampton a dep.ntation of' the !i'.\a! (Jeograj)hica! Society, with a lew of the per-onal friend^ d' IV. Livingstone, were awaiting it, and were eoiulucte\\-er-. I-'rom the Royal Wharf at Southampton the lovinjj friend- attt -nded their charge to London, where it was received with -ad n-vei-eiKv and placed in state in the hall of the ( ieo- irraphical Soci.-tv. The identification of the I)IK!V was umpies- tionalile. \\"e ivmenilxT the mark which ( !d had cau-ed to U> jilac.il on the man .- manv year- hefore in Smth Africa. In-fore la- 'lit him forth on his toilsome and perilous mi-.-ion ; l>v that "lie mai'k, more than all el-e. ahsolute (vrtaintv could he had. It wa.- important that there should IH> no douht in the matter, and a formal examination of' the hodv wa- ordered. This examination wa- conducted hv Sir \\illiam l-Yr-_ r u il(iiilitel alti-r til-' examination at Xaii/.ihar of the remain-, hut manv uer.- -..'j.tical a- to thi- dfad frame heiirj that of Living-tone. Happilv it \\a- horn-' in mind l>v manv old friend- that h-- had "!)' "iidition ..f li"d\ \\hirh \\"iild mark th.- idcnt ilicatioii of !ii- r'-ma;n- evi-n it v-ar- and \ -ar- had elap-< d. 1 I i: -hoiild IH- ppi\-.-d nn anatomical examination the remain- "t :m "Id nn- ture in hi- !! hniueru- arm iton.-. could !> !."_'- t on the -nl.ji-et \\ould IM- -i-nl<-d at mice and l->r- i t" m v lot t" have th.- honor "I ! n-m^ and I have II 1 .' - e|J ] II \\ ... I t. . -i cun d i t i i Ion i ' .i' Ii a |''.a-- d ih.-ir ' U'l: : th- 1- njth "t' th- hulk "f package ua-. n-duci-d t" * -. TIIK (JKNKKAI. COMHTION. 077 little OVCT fblir feet. The soft ti--||i-> seem to have b'-i M removed to a ijrcat extent I'rom tin- bone-, aii'l the-e latter \.ii< -i, di-- j)osc(l that by doubling and otherwise the shortening ua- aeeom- pli.-hed. I hr alxloininal vi.-eera were ab-ent, aixl -o \\ere tho-e of the che.-t, including, of' eoiir-e, heart ami Inn-j-. There h;ilv contrived to remove the contents ot' the chc.-t as well as of the al>dom< n. The .-kin over chest, sternum, and rilis had lu'cn untouched. Melon- the-e points were elearlv a>eertained .-nine eoar-e tape- had to lie loosened, which set free some n>n;_ r li linen material a -triped colored hit of cotton cloth, such as ini^ht have IH-CII an attractive material for the natives aiming whom Living-tone traveled a coarse cotton shirt, which doul>tlc.-s heloir^ed to tin- traveller's scsinty wardrol>e, and in particular a lar^c jmiiion of the hark of a tree, which had formed the principal part of the paele rcco^m/ed, luit whiskers were in abundance. The forehead was in -hape -ueh as we are familiar with from inemorv, and trom the picture- and bust- now extant. The cireiimterenee ot' the cranium, t'roin the occiput to the brow, wa- i 1 -')^ inches, which was iveo;_ r ni/cd bv some prcsi'nt to be in accordance \\ith such mea-un im !!!- when alive. In particular the arms attracted attentinn. T hex- lav a- if ])laeed in ordinarv i'a-hi'm, cadi down by the -ide. The -kin and ti-sues under were on each -idc -lirunlv almo-t to skeleton bulk, and at a glance to praeti-ed ey. there \\cre livi\ I mav sav -i\. professional men p:v-rnt the -ta'e left arm wa- such as to eonvinee every one prc-icm \\1 examined it during life that the limb wa- IJvin^- 1'lxaetly in the region of the attachment of the del;.. id humerus there were the indications of an obli(jue fracture movir.^ i lie arm ther.' were the indication- of the iinnnitc ture. A closer investigation and di-section di.-played :he t'ai7S Tin: I N.MISTAKA1U.K MAHK. ...: which had Ion;; a^o IKHMI so well recognized liv those who l.;i'l cxaniiiutl the arm in former day-. The Rev. \)r. Moftitt, and in particular \*r. Kirk, late of /aii/ihar, and I)r. London, of Hamilton, in S-otland, at once nvo^m/.cd the condition. Hav- ing my-clf Ix-cn eon-u!ted reu r ardin^ tin- state of tin- limb when Living-tone was la-t in London, I was convinced that thi- n-mains of the ijreat traveller lav U-tore us. Thousands of head- \siili a like lar^e circumlcrcnce mi^ht have- IM-CU under Hinilar n-rutiny ; the -.kcletous of hundreds of* thousands niijlit liave lern -.; (lie hllliieru- in eaeh liii_ r lit have l>eeil perieet . ii'mie or Ixith had IH-I-H Ln'okeii during lite it would have united ajain in such a manner that a tyro rottitl ea-ilv have tU'ttt-tcd the [Mi'tiliarity. The condition ot' unuuiti-d fracture in thi- l"i-:uit\- i- excetilinirly rare. I say thi- from mv jiei>oiial pro- (--ioiial evpt-nenec, and that >iieh a .-perinn-n >hotiid liave tni'in-d up in London from the centre of A frica, excepting in the Inxlv ot l>r. LivniL'^'oii'', where it \\a- known hv compctri,! authorities to have exi-t.-d. i- hevoiid human ennlilulitv. It iiiu-t not he Mi|ipo-eil !iv lho-e \\lio arc not profi-ssioiiallv aioll \\llieh . - that lie- !a-t nporl- >- examination \\itii an anxioii- |..ii!i_ r P _ r ai ^reai ;md mo-t peculiar enii'ial t- -t. I ii- lii t /lane.- al tip- N-Ji arm >! mv mind at n--t, and t ii.it .-.'.!' ii ill- t'uri h r c\amili:tt ion, made ne a- | " -;! i \ e a- to llif I'l'-nrif. ot ill'--- ['main- a- thai tli-i-- ha- I < < n anion^ im in HP " i> : n I im - "iie ot t In- -jr -ate-t m- n <>t t lie human i ace Iav.d I. . in--!one." fllK LAST ItKHTING-PLACK. GT'J After the identification the remain-, were plae<-d in a simple casket. A hist resting-place had l>ccn assigned it in Westminster AbU'v. On Saturday, April IS, 1S71, it was borne thither amid such testimonies of profound res pee t as did honor to tin; metropolis. The name and achievements of Living-tour wen* a talisman which leathered within the walls of that \vixTabie abbey a throng of mourners as unique and diverse as were ever assembled by an open grave. There were distinguished .-tales- men, and explorers, and missionaries, and hunters. And ming- ling with them the honored clergymen and laymen who had eo- operated with him in establishing the Zanzibar Mission. Men of ull callings and creeds, sorrowfully glad to totify their rev- erence for the philanthropist, the patriot and (,'hristian. Xeare.-t the coilin, as it was carried up the splendid aisle, were the ehil- dreii, Thomas S., Agnes, William Oswell, and Anna Mary Livingstone. One, bearing a familiar name, Robert, who-e childish sweetness so won the heart of Sebituane, had fallen years before, under the assumed name of Rupert } on our own soil, and rested in an unknown soldier's grave. Next to the children were two .sorrowing sisters of the explorer, and the wife of Mr. Charles Livingstone, and with them there was the white-bearded patriarch, Robert Moilat, who had given him his daughter Mary in marriage at distant Kuruman. Behind the.-e came the Duke of Sutherland, the Lord Advocate of Scotland, Lords Shaftesbury and Houghton, Sir Bartle Fivre, Dr. Lion Play lair, Sir II. Rawlinson, Lord Lawrence, Sir F. Buxton, the Honorable Arthur Kinnaird, and a lon^ procession eoin- posed of the Geographical savants of Great Britain. The .-oft, grand, solemn strains of funeral son.\vin I.IVIN.,-TI INK. Bor.N AT IIi.ANrvnr. LAN VKK^HIKI;, S DIED AT Ii .i.Ai.A. ' 'IN \-\\\\. Ari:u'A, MAY 1, I-:: 1 ,. CsO UXCOVETEU HOXOK. Aiul the Ixxlv of tin- man who had bequeathed the world tin- legacy of an entire lilt- con.M-crnted to Christ in the midst of Millennia ami -acritiers inexpressible was left in that v;f*t man-oleum >f Kn^lant.!'.** nm-t honuml servants. I>avil Liviii^-tmn' \va> l>uri-t- niin-li -r . \liln-v!" Lo\c prevailed in the counsels of his heart, and >lioiie in all his life. He sought the Kingdom of (ixl ; !ii-s on their .^oul.-, and are incited l>y his example to nobler live-. CHAPTER XXXVI. Discouragements Reovnt Successes of Kxplorcrs -Revival of Interest f'oriv. niercinl Importance Familiar Trees of North and \Vet The Slave-Trade Raker's Work -Slave-Trad, r- Clas-ilied Slavs Chi.-si- fietl Sources ot tlie Trade Classified Total Annual Trallic in Slavt Theories for Suppression The Tendency of F.vents Not an Ahstract (Question- Slavery lias liad its Mission The Nations Against It Providence in the Revolution The Nile Hakcr Speke Livingstone Mission: The Former Successes (ieneral Inlhienee The Prospect. COSTLY indeed have been the sacrifices made for the redemp- tion of Africa. Providence has seemed to patronize barbarism in a perpetual and fatal monopoly of the continent. The land lias been thought of as a prison. Insalubrious airs infr.-t the coasts and cataracts, obstruct the rivers the malaria has been a wall, the rivers have been barred gates. The obstinate gloom has been called a curse, which human benevolence could not presume to change. The baffled ages have been perplexed. The task has seemed hopeless, discouragements have fostered doubts, destiny has seemed to deny the obligations of eivili/a- tion, Christianity has parleyed with expediency, science has counted the costs. Over and over a^ain the wearied energies of the world have relaxed, and the work of redeeming Africa has seemed about to be abandoned; over and over a^ain the land which gave a birthplace to the Star of' Kmpiiv, and a nursery to Israel, has seemed about to be reeognixcd a> the predestined dominion ot' absolute ignorance and .-in. I>ut it was impossible: light had received its commission, the world had been given to Christ. Africa could not be forgotten. Science could not abandon a continent, Christianitv could not abandon one hundred million soul-. Again and aain the OS2 NKU' LIFE IMPAKTED. Uitlled nation- renewed their efl'orts. Footholds were, gained here and then-. }>ut the little sett lenient." were like -and!e- which men -ometimt -, standing in their doors, hold agaiiM the ni_dit. Tin- rav- did not reach far, they could not atl'i-ct Africa inat'-riallv or an-wer tin- OjUe>tion- that were a-ked alioiit it. The heart- of men needed encouragement. The recent -uc- ee--e> ,,f explorers have U-en hailev a >nperior providence in th<- work aeeoiiipli.-lu d, and th<- future assigns them (-a<-h a ta.-k which pnmi>e> rieh n-\\ard-. I/ivinptone from the south and ea-t, I>al\er and S-hweinfnrtli t'rom the north, and I >u ('haillu iroin the \\c>t, have at la-t -tireeeded in letting the litrht in iijioii the heart of f!i- eontinent ; and revelations have Ix-en made which intensify popular intei'i -t in all that p'-rtain.- to it. It i- ditli-'iilt to determine the iitinmereia] importance of eouiitrii- -o tlniroii_rhlv niulevelojK-d and ox-cupied \<\ people in th- rnd'-t liarl climate, il- inhal'itant-, and it- hi-tory are alike repnl-ive to iho-e races which -in to have I.eeii commi.->ioned isjMM-ially a- leader- in all the indn.-tries and arts of ei vili/at ion. l>ut the world can- not all'-rd to throw awav million- ol' -revent it- nrijleet. 'I ii. , and KriiiL' :il! part.- of ihe coiitincnl ,-. ; I, in :i-\ .-p-i-. -- IP ifn 1 \\>- -i-a. Tlii- tun. -.<.:(- \-. li. ii the \vork lor Africa -cemtd a -trictly !.. ;i. \.-l -1,1 i. in-; Imt tin- time ha- conn- when even the mo-t i . . : f i ! nation- re.t.^ni/e it- importanee. A- the mind \\an- d- i - .\ . r titi- \-a-t in! in nt . v. hi' !i come- oiit urailuallv K< l--re it iii tiaein/ the -f. j.- of' i. \|. lor- r-, the old impr>-io||- al-oiit }j,..,. ;,... de-olatioii vani-h. The -eorehin/ -and- of Sahara WOODLAND FK.VTntKS. C,*% are thought of only as a neighboring sea, In-gemmed with bcau- lil'ul i.-lands, while all alxiut, the various development* of tropical life are spread out in splendid contract. The wonderful pa.-turc- lands and vast forests, where enormous trees are so tliiekly planted and wound and interlaeed by the huge creepers that not a ray of sunlight eau ever ])enetrate them the mountain range's which traverse the scene, here and then- rearing their perpetual snow-crown defiantly, right in the eye of the -mi, MS he rides the very ridge of his supremacy a wonderful river -y tern and beautiful lakes mav not, indeed, promi-e a home which >hould tempt Europeans ov Americans awav from their own lands; hut thev cannot fail to impress the observer with the magnitude of those latent forces with which Africa -land- ready to contribute toward the accomplishment of human de-tinv. The woodland features of Africa arc greatly diversified, and in the sections traversed bv Dr. Schweinfurth, and all alon^ the. table-lands of th;> west, manv striking analogies have been remarked between the numerous trees of Africa and tho-e which adorn the hills and valleys of more familiar land-. "Some of the trees at first sight have a considerable likeness to the common oak. Amongst these may be named the Tirmiin'f/'i and tie butter tree. The fruit of the latter consists of a globular oilv kernel, which looks something like a horse-chestnut, is a.- large as a good-si/ed apricot, and is enveloped in a green rind. From the kernels of this widely known tree an oil is expiv<-cd, which, under the name of 'butter of (iallam,' is a rceogni/.ed article of commerce in Gambia." Far-spread as are the trees which resemble the oak. th"-e which resemble the horse-chestnut arc quite as common. 1 bi- plane tree mav be al-o said to be represented cquallv with respect to its bark, its foliage, and the pattern of its leaves, by the >'/, -rfii/iit tn)m iifnxti. which has established it-elf pretty generally throughout tropical Africa. In the place of willows A fric:v offers the Auaphreuium ; and ovci- and >vi -r :iu r ;i:n the traveller may tlincy that he see- the graceful loeii-t tree. The Parkia is another of those impo>ing tree< which are m.'t \\ ith : tlie leaves of this a v e not unlike the I'oincillade or 1'iain' ; : irs flowers are a fierv red and hang in a tut't.and :).!' leave a bundle of pods a foot hi l-'nu':!:. i:i ' CS4 TYIM> OK vF/;KT.\Tioy. found, eovered with a vellnw dust which the native mix with their Hour. Manv IVJMS of vegetation, however, alxnind, to which Kuro- jx-nn and American travel ICIN arc altogether unamtstoiiu'd. And it i- not onlv hv the exulx-nince and di^nitv of their forms that the-e arc marked, hut -till more l>y the noveltv and gra'< itt-'/ulrnxix, with it- lar^e hliie-green leaf, and it- small fruit, with an aromatic ilark-rnl pulp; a Irtiit which in a modest tlegriT *lisplavs some- thing nt' that <"ipti\^itiiig ijuality which ha> exalted it- Kindretl plant, the (.'herinioyer <>1 Peru, to its high repute a- the ijueen of fruit-. Mm h im >re singular i- the magnificent eaudelahni-euphorhia, which I'u'luNV- the pattern "fit- prototype, the cadu- of mir ow/ euimtrv. .\--\t mu-t l>e mentione, and -hruliliy garden'ue, dwarf and contorted. In L ri 'ii' 'i'al chara. '.; r thi- flora of thr-c northern and \\e-tern di-tri'-t- are alike, and thfv hoa-t primeval fore-t-; which rival the -|ilrnd"r of I'ra/ilian nature. In eomra-t \\ith thi-, the Kii-li liirr-t- in the higher part.- of tropical Africa, lu'okrii l>v the -teppe-, jiri-.-i-nt iii iini f .rm it v, perhap-, the mo-t exien-ive di-t rii-t I hat roiiM 1-e pointed out in I h- 1 \\ hole gedj^raphv of v-^e- tal:"ii. K\ tending a- it doe- iVoin Senegal to tin- /aml>e-i, and Iroin Ali\--inia to I'.eii'jnela, tropie;il Alrn"i mav lie a--<-ried \<> In- '.\ i; !iui anv percept ihle alieratinu in character l>ut that \\hich 1- "!!' I', d I'V the dolll.le a-l-eel nf -|eppe atld Illl-ll o|| |||. n||i< hand. a:,d pi'initvai fofe-t-, in (lie Atne|-iean >eii-e t in theoiher. < )n i !.. \\--t and i a-t ihi- i- illn-! raled i'V l lie marked ilillifeiKT- In i \'. i 1 1 i he (alile land- and t he low cua-i terrace- ; m (he cent n |.\ t lie d i !! I'e II e !M t '.\ ee|| I he \\ . n n 1 - i >!l 1 ||e |'l \ ' I' li.'lllk- a lid the I"'.-, tkr- !\ itrj liet \\eeti tl,e ]' j v ' , r e. , u r-e- . \\iih the -tiiiihern jM.rt i. n \\e h:i\e 1..-H made familiar in following 1 >r. I.iving- -:<>ne llii'oii-jh hi- I'liini. , -. Alii'.i :- eeri.iinK ii"t the 1. a-t 1 !.% the ni"-( abundant di-triet- of e\en ( .ur ne\v \\e-tern U"i!'l in riHhieiii lidiher tree*. 1 ree- and -hrul>- coii-tilute MINKUAL KKSOUWKH. OK.' quite one- fifth of its entire production, and from this vast store- house there has been fur many years but little contribution made to tho commerce of the world. Hut the soil which produces such marvellous forc-t wealth is also remarkably adapted to tin; most enlightened forms of agriculture. The cotton planter will find in Africa, in various sections, his favorite growing wild, and exhibiting a luxuriance and excellence of quality which will rival that grown in anv land. Indian corn is also cultivated with remarkable sticcos ; also rice, manioc, and various other grains. ( iiim, bee-wax, palm oil, India-rubber, etc., swell the li.-t, while tobacco, coH'ee, indigo, sugar-cane, and all the tropical fruits grow luxuriant Iv. The mineral resources are also worthy of special attention. Gold is found in various parts of the continent ; the mo.-t promising of which fields are probably those near the junction of the Limpopo and Zambesi rivers. JJut these, as an- all the regions where the world at various times has located the lon'j;- sought Ophir, are entirely undeveloped, and there is certainlv no contradiction yet furnished of the reported wealth of Africa in this glittering treasure. Coal, iron, and copper, all have their place. Iron is manufactured quite e.xtensivelv in manv districts, and we have seen the whole lake country covered with the rude forges of the natives. The most notorious copper mines are those of Hofrat-cl-Xahaho, which are slid to be -itu- ated on the southern frontier of Darfoor, but about who-e exact location there is some dispute among the doctors. The copper from these mines is brought into market, either in the .-hapc of clumsily formed rings, full of angles, varying i" weight from five to liftv pounds, or in long oval cakes of imperfect easting. Dr. Sch wein furt h obtained a specimen of this copper, which he deposited in the Mineralogical Museum at Iierlin. This -peci- men consisted of "eopper-pvrite and quart/, with an eartliv touch of malachite, eommonlv called green carbonate of copper, but containing a verv small quantity of the ival metal." Xo svstematic mining seems to be carried on in the Ilofrat-ol- Xahaho, and the man from whom the doctor obtained \u< -am- ple said that the ore was found lying like loose rubble in the dry bed of a khor. " It mav be presumed that bv boring ,^\. leries, or even by hewing out quarrio, a largtisnpply of metal 40 j;,Sf, DIAMOND FIKI.DS. miirht le obtained without any vast expenditure of time or monev, lor even in the present condition of things, while the >olid rock -till remain- intact, the yield of copper tor veal's past ha- been verv considerable." The Foorian copper even now Uikf- a prominent part in the commerce of the entire Soudan ; it i- conveved across \Vadai to Kano in llans-a. and, according r!d rc-jM-.-tin^ the.-e field- ha- been of -o va^in- a nature, and h:i- come through such unreliable ehanne!-. that thousands who, i: th'-v had known the n-al truth re-pectin:: the operation- there, 01 could have lelt a. un-d of tin- reliable nature of the stories which tht v heard, would have IH-CII loni_ r a-_ r o located and at v. ork in that beautiful and pleasant region, are Mill incredulous. Vet the \\ork <_ r oe^ on with inerea.-iii'_ r importance. The hi-lorv of ( 'alifornian and Australian mininj ha- of eour-e Li-.-u re- iM-atcd a lew have become rich, while manv have \->-\\ j^riev- m-lv di-ap|Miinte!\' tin- important eom- ni''dit\. 1 In.- trade ha-, however. Ll^- evervtlun^ r el--. -utl-red /reatlv Lv that in -!a\e- -<-\ . r\ ! !iin/. inde. d, IM-I-H -ec,,nd to tie- -!av--trade. and it i- onlv uitliin the | a -t fe\v \--ar- that ,mv portion ot the enii'inent hi- !"-n alloWiil to demi .n- 1 rate tin- iniportarief ot i'- legitimate r- -oiirci-^. \\ithin th"-e tew v>-ir- the iifo-iM-ntv on the we-;, ni <'<:\-\ ha> L*-en a.-!onih- WORKINGS OF THK SI.A VK-TUA I>K. <>7 ing. In 1S71 the commerce of tin- British posso.-ion- on th.,t coast amounted to jC2,oo6,(MX), and muv ;it the pre-cnt time he estimated at ^'.',,'2^ ),()<)<> sterling, and thi- is only the -light- est hint of the possibilities that are concealed there. But whatever the possibilities niav he, the world will realize little iron) Africa while the mumbling sons of Mohammed are allowed to desolate the liiirc.-t districts for the satisfaction of their unscrupulous cupidity. Those who have read the fore- going pages have become familiar with the workings of the slave-trade in the countries traversed by I >r. Living-tone. Above the equator, in the Nile regions, it is no better. The efforts of Sir Samuel Baker, in his recent expedition, did some- thing toward its suppression. But hi- ctlbrts, however effectual, reached only a limited portion of the evil. Satisfied with having, to the eyes of the world at large, made a clean sweep of the waters of the Nile, Sir Samuel and his supporters did not perceive, or could not remedv, what was going on on either side of the great river-highway. To any one M'ho should now enter the countrv under the impre.->ion that the slave-trade on the I'pper Xi!e was forever abolished, and should subscqtientlv learn, bv contrast, the true condition of the lands, a scene would be presented that might well remind him of the painted villages that were exhibited to Katherine IT., on her tour through Southern llussia. The (lellahbas who, either on their own account or as repre- sentatives of other-, carry on the .-lave-trade in tin.- di.-trict, may be divided into three classes: 1. The pettv dealers, who, with onlv a .-ingle ass or bullock come in Jannarv and return in March or April. 2. The agents or partners of the great -lave merchant- in Darfoor and Kordofan, who have settled in the Seriba-, nearly always in the capacitv of Fakes. I. The coloni/cd slave-dealers who live on their own prop- erty in the I Minis of the west. The last of these form the onlv da-- who ever penetrate beyond the bounds of the Seriba district into the negro coun- tries. Thev nearly all direct their cour-e from the I>>hm- in Dar Ferteet to the territories of Motio, the great Niam-Niam, king of the west, and arc accompanied by considerable band- of PRIVATE SLAVES. armed men, whom they recruit for thi> purpose from the l>est of their slave-, ('ontrarv to the policy of the Khartoum ivorv- Mierchaiit.-, the (iellahha- have i>v decree- supplied Kin:: Mofm witii -iii h a niimhi r ot tin-arm-, that he i- mw -aid to have at hi.- command a lonv ot llirti. 1 hundred fullv etjuipjK^l warrior-, a formidahle Ji^htini; force, with which he >eriou-lv threatens anv expedition ot the Khartoomer.- that mav enter hi- domin- ion-. Hi- .-tore of -laves appear.- alolutelv inexhaii-t ihle ; year alter \ear hi- terrilorie- ^o on yielding thou-and- upon thoti- ,-antl-. which lie olitain- either from the slave trihc- that he ha- Mihjeeted, or hv raids ornani/ed airain-t the -tu rounding nation-. 1 in demand for .-laves in the Seriha-, -as- >ir Samuel liaker. would alone -uliice to -upport a verv flouri.-hint: trade. Numerically, the .Mohammedan .-ettler- hear a hiiji ratio to the native population, and in ,-ome of the we-tt-rn tcrritorie-, a- anion^-t the Kredv, (join, and Sehre. thev are actually eon- -idetalilv in e\ec-.- of the total iiumlxT o|' nativt-, who only coii-i-t of hiarer- and a^rieilltimd lahoret>. lakeii one with another, every Nuhian po--e <- ulxitit three -ia\i--; and thu- it mav ea-ilv he conceived that the computation i- not too lunh that place- the total litimher ot' privat<- -lav - in the country at heiv..-i-n tiftv thoii-and and -ixtv thoii-ainl. The-e jirivato -la\'- are ipiiie di-tiin-t from llio-e that are kept in -ton- and u-< d a- inei-i handi-e ; tin v mav he divided into lour categoric- : 1 . l'.o\ - from -even to ten \ ear- of a^e, w ho are employed to carrv -mi- and ammunition ; and e\ erv Nuhian r-oidlcr po----.-e> at !e.l-( one ol'the-e jll\eni!e al'II lo|'-l M -a IVC-. '_'. Tlie -econd cla-- i lie lllde- t 1 1C ^ I'ea tel' pa ft ot' the fill l-^ToW II nat,\.- of tin- Seriha.-. \\ ln> are porter- or ,-oidier- a- o.-, a-i"n ma\ i ipi 1 1'' . '.'i. lii>- third cla-- ot private -!a\v- i- irom tin- \\omeii \\h'i ai'i i. p: in tie- hmi-' - ; \\h" an- < itln r " lavoi'ite- or driiil^e-, :*.- H.' whim of their ov. n< r- mas determine, and at IM-.-I arc i:hal!' !- jia--ed from hand to hand like dollar-. I. l.a-t are tin -la\e- e:iip!..\.d . \cin-i\'-is in hil-handrv. Il;,t P.I--IIIL' Irom the in-! it u! ii MI a- it xi-l- at iii>liic (Midi r UP- sarii'ii- pretence- nt i.-ii\ i-rnnii nt, let u- turn our alt' :il;oii t.i t:,--<- -lasi- \\\t are re^ardel a- actual m< r< handi-i-, and w!.' are diaL'^'d into i.-i.-laj' Iroin tin 1 pp r Nile land-, IXtl.MATKD AXXl.'AL TIIAFFK 1 . (W) solelv lor purpo.-es nf profit. In order to demonstrate how im- portant at the pn-ent time is the part taken l>y tin- di-triet of the (Ja/.elle in the entire African slave-trade, I will take a brief Mirvey of the sourer.- whieh all the vear round -npplv the end- less succession of the dealers with fre.-h store- of living wares, and whieh, branching of]' into three great highways to the north, yield nj their verv lite-Mood to gratifv the insatiable and luxurious demands of Kgvpt, Arabia, IVr.-ia, and A-iatir Turkey. Previous travellers have estimated the total ol' the annual trailie in thL- immense region to l>e twenty-five thou-and, but I shall show bv a verv summarv reckoning that this i- far too low a computation. The three currents fur the slave-trade in northeast Africa ('a region corresponding to what mav be geographical Iv termed the " Xile district ") are the natural highwavs of the Nile ami the Red Sea, and the much frequented caravan road- that, traversing the desert- at no great distance to the \vc.-t of thf Xile, find their outlet either in Sioiit or near ('airo. A- a proof of how little these roads even now are known, I mav mention that when, in the summer of ls~l, a caravan with two thousand slaves arrived direct from \Vadai, it caused i|ijite a sensation in the neighborhood of the pvramids ofdixeh; it was supposed to have traversed a geographical terra incognita, a:id it divided and dispersed itself as mysteriously as it came. It i- lar more diflicult to place the deserts under insj)eetion than the ocean, and this is especially the ease in the vicinitv of a river. where a caravan can easilv supplv itself with water tor manv davs. The borders of a desert are like the coasts of an unnavi- gable ocean. Tiie plan, however, of establishing a -y-jem of control along the borders of the Xile vallev, corre.-ponding to the eoast-gnard erui-ers on our >eas, has never \'< t been tried. Numerous -onrcc- an 1 thus iVee still to pour their flood o{ human life aero-> these unguarded bonier-. According to 1 >i\ Sehweinfurth, who writes with a perspicuity which indicates accuracy of information on tiii- subject, the region- in which l>aker put down the trade were really one of it- mo-t unim- portant sources. The al>nckur, -till stipplv the np|HT district of the l>ahrd-< ilia/.al. JJiil \\e learn that lv far tin- inoM im- jmrtant .-oinvc "t the trade finding it.- inillrl on the northea.-t is found in tin.- nc^ro -, mi, trio to tin- -outh of 1 >arfiHir, whence 1 rj.iHM) .,r I.",.((IMI >i>ul.- art- aiintiallv rxpurdil, ami greater jniiiiln-rs .-till an- drawn from the r U-lnn^iujjj t< the Niani-Niaiu UiiiiT 1'V n_ r ht <>t i'uiu|iii>t ; and tinallv an ini- ]"irt;uit >iiirf i.- luiind in tht- inntiiitains xuitli of Kunloiau, \\iii-rc, al'lrr hi-> hliMhlv cnjnjin>t, .Mdiciiift Ali, tin- i^n-at n-- t'inii'-r and u-urpt-r in Iv^vpt, allowin] kidnappini; to !* a l--_M[iiiiati' xnin-c |i.r the Matt- r< vriim-; thu>' hinix-lt* initiating tht ini'jiiitv \\hich IKL- IM-I-II pnr-urd \\ith ^ndi Satanii- cruelties lv hi~ ]i>ili\\er> ever .-iitce. Fnun tiir-r varimi- -> the mnntrv t the dillri'cnl iiiai't~, and -i-cin-> <1 cTtirltv an- \\ itiif.~-cria!ice m ciiniicctmn \\nli the wurlii'-, \\orU in Africa, Ix-caii-c cvci-\ tiling lvcd in it. \\ c have -ecu tin- trade Uifllini; the nnhlot nii-.-i'innrv elli.r:-, retarding -i-n-uee and cdiiini' n-i-, and rntan^linir the ti et \ tlii- lra\'e>| eXpiul'''!'-. \\ e t-el ihat It I- II"! n\erilllhil :<) -.iv, llial init !'. >r ! li' ditliciilt ii - L. r i'"\\ iiiL r "HI "f tln--ia\e trade alone, |>aviil Living-tone wmdd have >ecii iM-t'ore hi- d-ath in- <-ii'-ri-ii'-d <1- -ir' in pro-p rmi- nn--i"n -tation- m the h.-ir! <>i A trica. ami that In- \\oiild have -ctt l.-d li.r.\'er thc-nat Nii- 'jM'-' !' '11. \ arioii.- ih.-orii-, are ad\aiic..l \', trade in the Indian < )'i-ati. That alon^ih.- K.<| S. a, \s inch -oni>- \.-ar- a^o \vi- \eeined <-onld be without his knowledge and approval, and although In- had h .\rdlv reached England before one of' the most notorious ^.lave-tradi-r-, whom he had held a prisoner, was liberated ami appointed t<- positi(ns of honor and trn>t, in the >ame department which IP Imd occupied, lie mav he sincere lint In- i- weak. " It i-," writes Dr. Sehweini'nrth, "commonlv -nppo-ed that the rni'T of Eirypt is a despot of purest water; th:-, however, i- a -jf a; mistake. In nianv respects the Egyptian 'government i- ex- tremely mild; criminals, and otlicials who have been remi-- in their duty are rarely severely punished, and the onlv delimpiem-v that it will not overlook is the refusal to pav taxes ; and < vei here mattrrs would not be so bad, if it were not that the di-or- derly administration involves the officials in making encroach ing demands. The vicerov has little power over the hi^hei authorities, who manage to sneak behind the en-cent of Stain hold ; he is no more than a vicerov, the high-sounding IVr-iai title of khedive which lie assumes is in realitv no more than a title. lie can only issue his orders, and then all boats that come down the White Nile are confiscated, and in Khartoum e-|>c- cially, where it is good policv to make a stir in the eye- of th European residents, all kind- of repressive mea-ures are pro ])osed. In displaying their xeal in the cause, the autlmritie- often commit acts of the greater injustice, and Mohamniedan- sometimes find their wives and families sequestrated a- .-lav- -. merely because thev happen to be black. Such proceeding- afford a fine opportunity for the subordinate oflieials to make a harvest out of the injured people bv extorting ran>om-mo:i. y and by making other extortionate demands. I can my-elt ln-a; 1 witness that sev(M - al of mv servants were deprived of' their uivi- nnd children and put into chain-, and 1 had to write to the minister, and accompany the people to ('am> myself, U-lore 1 could u;et justice done to them and their ri-lit- re-top d, ami ail this was onlv flu' the j>urpo-c ot' throwing dn-t in my eye- aip! indueinu; me to report upon the wonderful energy di-p!ayed the local ir^vernment in Khartoum. I>nt meantim'- the eara- vans find their wav just tiie same as ever through I>arf>or and Kordofan to Donu'ola and Si(>nt ami still thev are brought irom CU2 T1IK cot'NTKY PAUALYXKD. Abv mia thron-h (lallabat to the Red Se:., ami no one .sees tlu'iu but tin- traveller. In Konlofan, where there is a resident K_r\'ptian (iovcrnor, the trade is truly enormous, and there is now a- well the Have-trade from Dartbor. Siout, the eoininon termination t' the roads, i< the only place where thi- trade can be -iit otV, and that could only be eH'ectcd bv the heaviest saeri- ;j.-e- for the omineree of K^vpt. Tin* coiupiot of J)arfo<>r by ::ie K'^vptians. would consequently U- a jjrcat step in advamv." Whether official- are -inccre or insincere, the continent is still li-iii^ robbed ot' it.- jMtpulation, and those who do not become its vi'-tim- are de^radetl bv the. pre-^'iiee of the traffic. The whole iininirv i- |>aralv/ed bv the eurse which it carries. Ihe apathetic Turks and Arabs recojjiii/o no evil in their trade. \\'hat if (ittv thotisaiul ><>nls do gn into bondage yearly, " who are thev'.'" I>nt the time ha.- come when the ,'a-l con- tinent <"in be no longer disjM-nsed with: it mn.-t take its share in the commerce of the world, and thi- can never be until the slave-tra no market. I)--mand alwav- creato supply: \\hen there i~ no market for .-lave- there will be no slave-yoke.-. I he trade i- an in-eparable adjunct of the institution. The _'i'eat revoluti.iii \\hidi ha- taken place on the <|iie~tion of l.iverv -eem- to ha\e a direct bearini: on Africa. That j-i-'-'ioii doe^ not -eem to be an ab-traet one. A- a matter of fi'-t, -laverv i~ alrno-t a- <>\-\ a- the \\orM in whieh we d'A'-!!. Thej-i' i- ii"t a p;t_'e.,f lii-tor\- whieh (\< - not tx-ar it.-, ti'ier-,. and not a climate n<.r a pe..plf m which it ha- nol mnde - ..,.| it-, hold. 1' ha- be. 'ti th'-rouijilv eii-ral'ted in Alrica t'r ..in the e;i;-!ie-t time-. The iarlie-1 mariner- found it there, and !'>U!id a -\-t-in of kidnapping wliH'll e.\t-||i|eil into the l, i i-t ot the count rv. [ he coinitrie- which ma v chance to l>e t.[ . 1 1 i\ . been t lie p. .---- 1 1'- o f -lav - at .'Uiv L' i \ e 1 1 t i ! 1 1 a re not p~:>'.!l-ih|e f(,I' the e\i-te||ee i,f the i tl-t i t II t i i|| . It beluli:'- to REDEMPTION OF AFRICA. IJU.'J the ages, has had its place and its mission. Africa in bondage luts been employed in developing the resource- of tho-r nations vvhicl) \veiv to he most eonspicnoiis in Diving tin- world :i fne- dom far grander and more preeioiis than the freedom of the hands 1'roin fetters a freedom of mind and soul thron<_'h ,h-ns Christ; freedom from the oppression of superstition and the bondage of vice. We do not need to rondeseend to the narrovv- mindedness which pronounces on all questions in tin- li^ht of a single day, in order that \ve may recogni/c the hand of ( iod in the revolution which brings the- mighty influence of tho-e very nations which attained their strength hy mean- of -laverv to hear directly against the slave-trade. The time ha- eomc lor the redemption of Africa. Its service of bondage ha- heen long and important: now there is another service for it. The enslavement of a people and their elevation are incompatible. Their elevation is ordered and their letters must fall oil'. There may seem to be difficulties in the wav, but (Jod will remov* them. The noblest nations of the world have come t<> the front if the great work. Thev have put the;/ immense moral inllnem* against slaverv. Xohodv on^'ht to hesitate to -vpt must abandon the institution. Other nation- will also abandon it. God controls the nations: thev do hi- bidding. There will hardly be a change in the Arab trader; he \\ill read his Koran and curse the infidel. The work will go on whatever stand- in the way of pro- gress must fall, whatever resists the kingdom of ('hri-t will be fcwept a\vav. Men oun'ht to watch diligently the tide of events, thev ouidit to studv prayerfullv the leadings of There should be no stubborn re.-istance of dc-tiny. verv few customs of' societv which are founded moral ((iiestions; they generally hold with their < man has no business putting hi- selfi-hnc-- in tin general welfare, neither has he a ri-ht to make the history the basis of ah-olute principle- the fact that an in-:itu- tion is sustained bv the necessities of to-ort does not prove that there ni:iv never ome :i time when its overthrow will IK- a blessing. We rrjK-at. there need to In- tin debate alxuit -laverv in itself about tin* Scrip- tur.il warrant to hold projM-rtv in man. The ouestion is a pmetical one can commerce, seiciHv, philanthrope, and Chris- tianity do their work in Africa while caravan- are traversing the cotintrv in evi-rv direction creating war-, spreading desola- tion, inculcating darkest sujM-rstitious, inflaming the vicious tendencies, dratr^in^ awav hundreds of thousands in chains'.' ('an it IR- '.' Then, i- nut Africa worth inure to the world and I mure con>e<|ucnct> to our Lord ('hri-t than t hi- trade ? I.- it not better to -<-t everv slave.* ire<' than t> leave a ci nit incnt in darkness and .-in ? The time ha- eom', ( i with provideixv --that i- the ti"bl--t inanhoiid and the true-l < 'hri-tianitv which subjects it.- theories and inNTe-t- to the nee- -.--itie- of mankind, and the demands oi Christ's kin^iloin. lint there an- other ^r>-.\\ int'-re-t- dcmandiiii; our notici-. I'll'- '_;i--:it -i -ardi for the Nile sources diviile our attention \\iil> :he other claims ol Atri<-a: llii- i- indeed (],< - ! v-.'ii explored -niitln r!\ , .hroii_di thirfv d < _MV<-. <,t' lalitud-, and it' t!i- -Iriani- \\lii-)i I >r. Living-tone |ollowe'' n (i ill I id t c\t- nd -"iitliri\ in"!-.- than tortv d--i-i'i-. II<>\\,\rr th.it IIMV !>, tin- -olntioii nt the problem h' - n\\ 111 a <-.iiu|i;u'ai i Vi !\ -mall an a ; t!f lak- - o| r.aK'-r, Sp.-k... :md LivillL r -Iolie -. . I,i !-, li.,M lli,- lou'_ r --oU'jht an-\\ i r l-t \\ !) i hi-iii. [ial\ r \ i-iti-d all t h<- A I >\ - - in i i.i 1 1 ( ni 'i i tarn-, m< 'hiding i li- 'ji ai I Il'ii- N i . , \\ h.< li had 1 n t v.i' > .1 t.. :! irce bv I hi- ! 'bra! d l'.ni.-i-. and di-rov* r< d hi- A .!:! \ \ a i ; / a - > 1 1 1 < \ > a r - : i ' i . a 1 1 d : i n 1 1 < < 1 1 1 1 d 1 1 1 - d i - >\ i I' V a- th.- -olmi'.ii ! Hi.- -I-,..! probli in, hi- th- "i^ l in-' that tin- I . ' * 1 1.1 1 - 'I'i.i! l.il.*-- \ Iln-rl \ \ :tn/.i ;ini'i:i ,\ ^ :i:i /.i - -I ^| L f THE NAKKOWKST MM IT. 6'J July, August, and September. In his latest work, " Ismailia/' he gives an account of yet more thorough exploration of the* main stream, in which he carried a steamer as high up a.s (ion- dokoro. As the result of this expedition he says: " I have not changed my opinions that have already been expre>.-ed in tin; 'Albert N'Yauzu,' except that, from the native testimony, I presume there must be a channel which connects the Tangan- yika with the Albert N'Yanza." This channel he thinks may easily have escaped the notice of Dr. Livingstone and Mr. Stanley when skirting the reedy northern shores of Tanganyika lake. The Victoria N'Yan/a is understood to be connected with the Albert N'Yan/a by Speke's " White Nile." And around these two lakes, possibly including the Tanganyika, Sir Samuel draws his line, circumscribing the Nile basin. Dr. Living- stone held his theory, concerning the Lualaba, more mode.-tly, and perhaps justly so. Dr. Schwcinfurth, who, as well as Baker, was a cotemporary of Dr. Livingstone during those vears in \vhich he was engaged about this problem, agrees with Baker in declaring the very decided improbability of the Lualaba bcin^ 1 at all connected with the Nile. The search has however been brought within the narrowest limit, and the glory of the great discovery lies, without a doubt, between these lew men, to be borne off in part by the man who may come in between them and settle the dispute. This wonderful river, the patron of Kgypt in her davs of power and splendor, may yet become the channel along which the civilization long since departed from its famous delta may penetrate the very heart of the continent. The Xi^er, the Nile, and the Zambesi, barred as they may be by cataract.-, present i\ insuperable obstacles ; and the interior presents a lake and rive.i system which, with some imperfections, still offers the greatest encouragement to commerce. But there is a question of greater importance than all el-e. The noblest of all the travellers, while he was journeviii'j- toward Bangweolo the last time, wrote, "The di-eoverv <>f the tnit source ; th Nile is nothing to me. except a- it mav be turned to the advantage of Christian mi ion-." In all hi- travel> he retained the spirit, the habits ami aim-, with which he .-mere,! his work among the Bakwains. The mi ionarv -j>ir:t ha- ci.n- 096 MISSIONARY EFFORTS. tribute*! very greatly to the success of all those great enterprises which have engaged the minds of men. Christianity hits been the real, though sometimes nnrtvojfnized, champion of humanity in all it- rxjM-riencxrs. A distinguished author, in connection with tin- -uppre jon of the slave-trade, has ventured the ax-cr- tiou that " Religious in-iitutions have etl'eeted little or nothing iu the <~au-e of humanity." 1'o-v-iblv he may have di-tingui.-lud ::i hi- own mind between the organization, as .-m-h, and the indiN i'hial reprexMiting in hi- lift- the spirit presumed to IK- iii- eorjM)nitctl in the organi/ation. Hut the statement .-uvors much of' the disjMisitiou to d' tract from the glorv of Christianity which inheres with human nature. This writer could .-urclv not ha % Keen igti'irant of the tremendous infliiniee Ix-iui; excrtel hv I >r. Livin^ r -i' 'iie. at the verv time of his writinir, airain.-t the iti- auitVj more than anvihing el--, i- moving the mightv Jorcc- \\liii-li are to dclivr that lon^ degraded laml Irom it- chain- and ignorance. \\here i- the simple -crvant of' -cieiice or go\ i-rniiK nt \\h" ha- laid hi- hi<- entirely and al).-olutdv on the altar \'r Africa '.' And ( 'hri-tiaiiiiy will not fiil to take advantage of the pro- gr---. J li- \\-(< rn and MHitht i'n con-t- havi- U-.-n the --i ne of V.T\ -iici-i --ful iii:--i.nar\- elll.rt- in the pa-t ; and alivadv there are si-ttii-nieiit.- l in_ r made ;it dilll rent point.- in the interior .-o rccentlv expliin d. < >n tin- Nile lliej-e havi- IM-I-II mi-fortiipe-. a- tl.'iv \\ere on the /:imli -i and the Shire, lint e\. ii Sir >amnt 1 I.ai-.er, \\iio e in Id not emhraee the ini--ionarv \\ork in hi- theorii- l"r t he elevation o) A !rn a, prM-laitns in hi- recent \\ "i k tin' a.--uraiiee that tli' re v\dl ji"\\ !< no d.lli- ultv on the I pper Nile, nothing t" int'-rl' re \\iiii them. Varioii- nation- arc re|,f - lit- d III the -.! Hi- \\hieh are e|j_'a^itl 111 till- gIMid .\..ii,. Amoii'_' them ai! I >r. Living-tone \\a- pl< a-< d to -av that "American^ make -np> ri->r nn--inai i' -. ' \\ < ha\~e m- d' d noli';.- r> pr- - iitat i'. - - tin re and in other land-, and llnir rewarded. And u \\iil watcli ca-jerlv the A rOKDIAI, WELCOME TO MISSION A KI1LS. I','.,' path which Dr. Livingstone has made into the heart of the darkness, and hail with joy the fires which one aiu-r one will !> kindled there. The world will never be al>le to estimate tin- work of Hr. Livingstone. That work did not consist alone in traversing unknown regions : he has introduced the Kngli.-h name and manners to the Africans, and he hits laid tin- African character so clearly before us, that those who are moved to labor there for Christ will have not onlv a guide-book to the heart of a continent, but a guide-book to the hearts of the heathen who dwell there. The dilliculties have been largely removed by his powerful influence ; a cordial welcome is pro- claimed from the central tribes to all missionaries of the gospel. The importance of the work of Dr. Livingstone to mi--ions can never be estimated ; and already settlements are springing up in his track. Where missionaries have been able to hold their positions in Africa their work has always been encouraging; when they are in possession of healthful homes, and (surrounded by tribes uncorrupted by the influences which exist about all the coast settlements, there is reason to anticipate still more encouraging returns. There can be no (juc.-tion about the adaptation of our religion to the wants and capacities of even the most degraded. There is no poor negro in all Africa on whose benighted soul the light of the Cross mav nut shine with all its quickening and transforming eflicieney. H E( : EXT DISC 'OYERIES. CII A I'TK k XXXVI I. i;i:< T.NT KXPI.OKKUS. duly wnrkiiu i.Mt I.i -.in -(.,,.-. Th.- T;.- !:, -tui'i ..f I.i. -iit.-nimt < 'am.-r.m, p.. N , tn Pn.-!:ii.'l (.r.ni'l <>\.iii..n -.-ivfii l.iin A'-'-"iii!t "I lii- r\]''.|iii..n in Af- r;.-.i MI-.-'S |.iviii-.'-t.:n-'s P...-ly>n its .n| .|.iiirin-y I |i-nif aril- (irr:it iMs. ...\.-iy in.i-1.- l.v hit-tit. -11.1111 ( ';iiii'-n>!i "lutlit I" l..ik<- Tali j.ut\ IK;I Alt.ni.i.i i.;> l|...'i;.- '1 >P.. - N.irr.m |.-,-.i|..- I >IM -.-. .-i y ..!" -\ -1. in ..|" \\'.il. r < ..niii.ii :ii- r:iti'.!i ')|..iiMi.- lip tin < 'ntii.. lit fr"in K.f-1 to \\i-t \\'i.|iiii-rMil Miii.-r.il W:t!iii i '..i! :ci-l lr..n \l.iiii'l.ini I'uiiin- I >r\ i-ll;i\'>-- I r.ulr. Till: lit'-- "f Livin-j-l'Mu' would imt ! ciiniplrtc \\ithoiit .-H:D.' acru int of til-- vi ri'--. :iiii] i-vjiliinitiotis \\hic-h have IM-I-II 1 1 1. !!'-, -in- < lii- ili-.itli, liv -ii'-li di-t iu-_Mi;-!n <] tnivi'lh r> :is ( !ir^ il-ili. ~t !< -| >:iip I "!' In-i'.i -.:' i-i|ii:iti>ri:i! exploration, St:ml.-v. Tin- liiM^nititdi- ainl tip- V:I:IP- "i'tli'- I.-il.. !- "t'tli'-- in- n an- nt tn ! li_'litlv i-t iinat' d, in i-niU' - ll a- t!i-v i-i'-ar up :m>l i-li|i'i"l:tl' niaiiv ni\ -t> -rii-- ami ! :li'-u!t (irnlili in-, \\ Ii ; ..-li l.atll.'l all t IK- - : n! ill'- r- -..iir-,- ami ilif- !!'! '.(' tli- 'i'.] pi .!: ' I'- "I" \ (Vi'-aii ili-i-tiVi-rv, -n.-li a- < 'a|- I iin- I'.nrt< in, S|>. i,r. ( ii an' . Sir Sumi' I I i.il.i r, an- 1 ' li> lain' n!' l l.;\ -in.'-t.iiif, :ilt||..u_'li t.. tic in. aii'l im.n- -ji--i:illv Jn (In- la-t : ! :.'i"!i' -I. tli'\- \\>\<- lai'j' !\ ::i'l. lit.'.l i ne to the cause of Geographv, but also to Science, Commerce and Philanthropy. As we have already said, Lieutenant Cameron wa.- -eiit out. originally, by the Royal Geographical Soeietv. for th.- purpo.-c 7UU rilUTMNAVir.ATlON OF LAK1! TA Nth, ls7o, jn-t in time, a clay or two after hi- arrival, to meet the dead liodv of the ^n at and i;ood man, tor whom he \va- in waivh, on its nielaneholv journev home- ward-. He -cut 'Hi the remain- in charge of Dillon and Mnr- pliv. and determined to -ct \- Living-tone. A- 1 ' -ordin^lv, li>- pn-hed on to I'jiji, leaving on Septetul>er '11. l s 7-'5, hi- t_M'eat aim lH. l inj the diseoverv of the outlet of I^ike Tanganyika, wliieli Livingstone hail failed to find. lie rearlied I _ r :ind:i in the middle of I Jeeeinlwr. lnit l)ein^ d< tainetl thk-re 1>\- a elii.-f who \\mild imt let him l--ave until the iN^innin^ of the following niotitii, he iliil n<.t reach the Ixmndaries of I 'iiv.iml /i proper mini th-- oih of January, and at I'-jirja ra.'ie- oji I>riilon'- ront'-. H.- !'. .mid a emnjiaralivelv ea-v route north of tin- Maln-jara/i valKv, hv \\hich h-- >neeeeded in reaching Lake Taiiiranvika. l-'i-'>m I j:;i. he made a \' !e-- than nin- tv--i.\ river- r:inniir_ r into it, and only one outlet on th>- \ve-t -id--. Tin- -fp-am he eonehuled wa- not carried l>v the /;t!i|]ie-.| into the Indian ocean, nor 1>\ the Xile into the Mi-diti-rranean ,-ea, l"it l.\- the Lnalalia into the ('UII^D. and tlienee into the .\ I lailt 1C. Tin- importance of the di-eo\vrv made 1>\ Lieutenant t'am- epin, during In- circumnavigation ( ,( Lake I an^anvika, caiin-t lie ,.v -r- -'imated. 1 1' it d- - not ih t- I'liiine tin- exact po-ition ot' til-- -iillp-e- of the Nile, j| ej rct| m -cj l ! i. ~ til'- ha-lll- "t' the Nile. in,. ( ', ,n_'<>, the /amlie i, and the |lemr.\c or Ivi-t.-rn Nij-r. ,', i'hin limit- lh:it c.-m now in- |ir<\iniat<-K d< lined. Lak- Tan_':in\ il.-i ha- l.-en hithei-toa pn//!' to _', ,_MM ph,-- -. Ilnrt'-ii ::nd Sp'-l.'. it- di-co\-i r'er-, concluded that it received \\:iN;- i'pim the ii"!:li. i a-t. and -oiith. and t!r.- ha- fnrind out ! ! tin- < a--. |',-it ^ir S.imii- ! ll.il^r'- d;- -overv .t' a \ a-t !,, ii"! :h \ard- the \!1,. rt N\an/a - --lP-tch;!i-_' to la!.' v, !th::i a -h-irt di-tanci f 1 an^-anv ika. 1---1 to a di-cii--io;i on- rnii:^ the i oinpara' iv-- !, \-. 1 of thetni, lake-, and it wa- OI'TLET TO I.AKK TAN<; \ N Yl K A IMS* OVKIli:i>. ~()\ rather generally surmised that the Tanganyika flowed into the Lake Nyanxa. Livingstone ami Stanley's exploration- of the mouth of the Rnsisi, the northern tributary ni' tin- lake, <|< t< -r- mining that it flowed into the hike, led to a su-pen-ioti of' the controversy ; hut it was still conceived lv sonic that in --:t~oii-< of low water the Rusisi might How into the lake, hut that in times of Hood the waters of Lake Tanganyika flowed into the Albert Nvan/a, and, hv it, into the Nile. This view was rendered all the more plausible, a- no outlet had been found to the lake. Some who, from difference- of level, did not believe in its flowing into the Albert Nvan/a, thought it might find its way to the Indian ocean by the Lufiji or Ilufiji river; others, again, thought it might have a subterranean eoni- munication with Livingstone's Lualaba, and the ( 'ougo. Still others held by the opinion that it was an inner basin, without any outlet at all. The discovery of the outlet by Lieutenant Cameron replaec- Ptolemv'.s "Mountains of the Moon," where Speke originally conceived them to be, between Lakes Tanganyika and th* Albert Xvanxa, where that gallant traveller found the Mfumbiro mountains some ten thousand feet in elevation on the ea-t. where Livingstone found the Kahogo mountain-, and where Sir Samuel Baker saw what he calls the '* IMue mountain.-," from a stand-point on the Albert Nyanxa. It limits the basin of the Nile to this central African group d> the south, to the long range of the Ilimada, with it- snow-clad peaks and active volcanoes on the east, and to the unexplored but, in all probability, high and inhabitable regions that lie be- tween the Congo and the Bonn we on the we.-t. It brimr- the ba-in i)f tin; former river into close proximity of the I ndian . icean. and establishes it as the highway from the wem- 41 70-2 ATTAi'KK.n JJY IIOSTI1.K TIM15ES. plishine and \\i-e di-cretion ol' this vounj^ oilieer. in-tead of re unprovoked attack 1\" ordering hi-> men to return the fire, :i~ would have Ix-eu verv natural with nto-t men under similar cireninstanei's, he cha.-ed the man who had -hot at him on foot, and having overtaken him, trave him a sound thrashing. >(n afterwards tliev came up to the main lodv of the partv \vh'i had attacked them, and alter a -hort palaver, so -uccecded in alhivini; their ho-tilc ftvlinijs, that the two partic- went on r.i^ether, continuing their jon nicy on \vrv ij M "d term-. ( >n another occa-ion, haviiiLi had -oni'- tnnlile \\iih the natives of a village, thev went on to the next, \\here thev were revived in a \'er\ unfriendly manner, the m n all turniiiL: out with l>o\v- ;tnd arro\\'- a:id liriirj at them. ( >ne or t\\-ci ,,i his men !>< inu r liui't, he dt termiiied on a vi'joroii- attack on the village, \\hi--h he acei>rdin;jlv mad'', Imt h.- found hiin-elf followed l>v fi-iir men "iilv. the remainder havinir di-Teetlv k.-nt in the rear. Fortnnatc'v for Lieutenant ( 'ameron nnd hi- small attacking partv, the villagers, a- ^\\ a- thev -,,\\ him coi::inL r . tied in the [.[M.-itr ilirection ; -> th. \ e:ipt nritl tin- " ti'\\ n." luiriicil all the hul- thev d i"l not \\ ant ar.d ! -r: ;:i--d it tor ih<- occttpat ion of hiin- -!( and follower*, remaining t !i> fi lor live dav. and maintain- : :IL' hi- | '-it inn a.rain-t - \ < i ' ! ana. !,- made n]" >n it . Finding if ;n,p'--;l'l- to fo!!,,\\ the lin- .i';li. I.naiai a Iroin (he nant of' aii'M-, and from th.- h..-;i!ir, ..i" a native chief', ('ameron ii\- [;_", 1 fVoin \\aiijN\e (,, t|, ( . ..-itliv-ard to th,- eleventh atitude, and th- n< -oiitli --twar-1 t" the Atlantic, n! a! a p"int a l"!i; \\a\- --.nth "t' the month of the OPKMM; ri> OF \VATKH (OM.MTNK . \TION. Tho results of his journey and of tin? many valuable ob- r- vations taken by him nwiy he no\v as briefly :L- po ibW -\\n\- marizcd. Mis circumnavigation of the great Lake Tanganyika, and his discovery of the outlet to the great river Lnalaba, are matter- of the greatest importance. Another very valuable point -ettled, according to Cameron's conclusions and numeroii- a.-tronomicul observations, is, that as the river Lualaba is nearlv one thousand feet at Xyangwe below the level of the Nile at Lake Albert, th<- Lualaba (or Lomanre) cannot by any possibility In- the Nile, and must he identical with the Congo river. His discoveries also have made known to the world the existence, in the centre of the African continent, of a sv.-tem of water communication between the vallev which he followed and the scene of Livingstone's discoveries, which by the addition of a canal only thirty miles in length, would be complete from the Congo to Zanzibar, and a water communication capable of float- ing steamboats of ample capacity between the ea-t and west coasts of Afnica, with numerous navigable ofl-ets on either side. Of course, these rivers will be broken at times bv rapids, but portages may be formed for the present, and hereafter- -though the time may be far distant yet locks will be formed, so that there may be an uninterrupted -team communication from the east to the west of the African continent, by the Congo and Zam- besi systems. Bv this means the ivorv trade will In ..... mpletelv tapped, for bv the large rivers which How into the ('OIILTO (Vom the north, a short distance from Xyangwe, the country of Uleja can be reached, to which traders conic now three thou-and miles down the Nile to trade, and from which thev draw their principal supplies of ivory. Au'aiu, the oH-et- of the Tangan- yika would also carry off a great portion of the ivorv trade which is now in the hands of the Arab- trading from Xan/ibar. The Zambesi also would be the medium of' obtaining ivory, if the communication was formed joining it to th-' Congo, :U1 ,1 M > gaining access to the northern aflltients. I'v thi- river, which falls into the Congo from the north, it will be pi.v-ih!e to get close up to the sources of the Nile, the water-lied between the Nile and the Coniro beinir accessible bv a verv -hort route, in- 7U4 IVOKY, XfTMK<;S AXD OIL-PALMS ABl'XDAXT. stead of the lon^ route from Alexandria, up a river which is far from healthy, and which is choked up hy ^rass. The river ( 'on^o has rapids at Italia, aUut one hundred and sixtv mil<-> al>ovc its mouth, and Ix-youd them the only other rapid- that he knew of are some small one- a -hort way lelow Nvan^we, near where his route crossed the ( 'oii^o. The river ( 'oiiu'", he think-, ly the way, should hereafter IK- called after Living-tone, for after all it was really that pvat traveller who tir-t discovered its >oums. In the /amhesi country there i.- a sy-ti m of Lan-trine river- extending lor a di.-tanee, which makes the ( 'onuo one of the lar^e-t rivers in the world. Perhaps the Ama/oii and the Yang-tse-kiang may, in volume, U- larger, luit certainly the Con;o i-> entitled to take the third place amon^ the rivers ot the world. It ha- na\ i_ r al>le aillm-nt.- that reach within two hundred miles north of Lake Nva a, where at pre-ent. in ni' -morv of Living-lone, a colonv ha- Keen formed. In addi- tion to the important and valuahlc re-nlt- o| ihe discoveries and olt-i Tvation- made l>v Lieutenant ( 'anieron. and more inti- mat'dv eiiiinei-u-d with hi- conditions and tin ones on tin* \\at- r-communicatioii -Y-t'-m ju-t mentioned a- lieiii'j in his opinion - of heads or tl\e and a half (mimd- n| i-n\\ i rie-, and \ r\ oflen a whole tu-L, irr' -p [ i\'e ol -i/'-. wej^hiny from mie hundred to one hundred ami !ili\ pound-, :uav lie o'otaineil in exchange lor an iid eopp' I lil'aeeli | ! liii- i-iil|!itl'\ "1 N \ a II _ r \\ e Llillteliaill < 'inn ion l>< lieYe- eonlideiit !v eaii i ii- reached li\ ; In- ( ' in^'o 1 1\ t-r, Mid lii- lonl.- for \\ a I'll !< ! h- da\ U In II I Ic \'< \\ i 1 1 lc e-laMi-hcd ti.-re a -v-t'in l pro'hie!- ..f the ' m:i' i \ , \'. hi< h are aliuo-l ! >< \ \ id de-enpt inn. I h<- mil mi j 1 1 - i" ,ir a I MI! n la m 1\ . and t In ir \ ahii i- nnkiio\\ n to t he na- ti\.-. linn ai< man\ d;!i r- i.l kind- n| cult-ill; and up th- . of t!r ( 'mi '... a' a le i -1,1 -.(' i-.\. : ,l\ -i\ hundn d f. . t GOLD, SILVKIl, COAL AM) IKON MINKS. 7^ nl>ovo the level of the sen, the country is crowded with wil- palms, the trade in which alone, leaving the question of ivory altogether on one side, would well repay any enterprising mer- chant to embark in it. (told i.s found in Khangwe, as also silver, hut -o far only in small quantities, and Lieutenant Cameron came across what will prove a valuable deposit of tin. But still more valnahle than all this mineral wealth, e-pe him, and he takes rank among the most siiccc-.-fnl and distinguished of African explorer-. True, that he ha- not done much toward- solving the mvat problem, the my-tery of the -.niiv.- .it the Nile, but the practical iv.-ults ol' hi- discoveries which will have 706 EFFECT ON THE SLAVE-TRADE. such an iin|Mirtnnt l>eariiig upon Science and Commerce, and the future development of the resources of Afri<-a, cannot be over- estimated. The more so, wlu-n \\c bir in mind that upon the l;i>t mentioiKtl ({iiestion alone de|>eiids, in a ijreal mea^uix 1 , the extinguishing of tliat foul blot upon the civilization of the nine- tt- nth <-entury, the slave trade of that continent, with all its attendant horrors. CHAPTER XX X VFII. SIR SAMUEL HAKKU'S KX 1'KI >ITI< >N. Suppression of Slavery Stupendous oliMurIrs <>vrrrom<- K><-u|x- from F'"i<>n- ing Succeeded by Col. S. E. Uordon - Inti-re^ini; liiscmvri*:* of M. i ;.*!. IN order to give any account of the explorations and discov- eries of Messrs. Gordon and Gessi, it will be necessary to ^ive a brief resume 1 of the labors and expeditions of Sir Samuel W. Baker, tlie immediate j>redeeessor of Colonel S. K. Gordon, of the Royal Engineers, who, in conjunction with M. Gessi, is only carrying on the work so nobly begun by Sir Samuel. As an African traveller, Sir Samuel .Baker shares with Liv- ingstone the homage of popular hero-worship. His dashing exploits, his genial nature, and his spirited and racy narratives, have gained for him a high place in public regard, in his. own country, for Englishmen are always proud of the man who does their country honor. Baker's dash is perhaps even more attrac- tive popularly than Livingstone's heroic devotion ; but we do not, for a moment, compare the results achieved bv these two explorers. During more than thirty years of t toil and hardship, Livingstone laboriously tilled in the details of the southern portion of the map of Africa, which he found a mere skeleton. and he sacrificed his noble Hie in endeavoring to disjK-1 tin darkness which then enshrouded the central portion of the con- tinent, a darkness which, thanks to his discoveries, is even now being cleared away. His unassuming simplicity, hi.- varied intelligence, his indomitable pluck, hi- steady religion- purp-e form a combination of qualities rarely found in one man. By universal consent, Livingstone h;is come to be regarded a.- one of the most remarkable traveller- of hi.- own or uf any other age. Baker's explorations have been far le-.- extensive than thu-o TuT 7"S GSTKNSIKl.i: OBJ KIT OF TIIK KXI'KIUTIOX. of Livingstone, Inn In- was tin- first Kuropi-an who ever pene- trated tin- equatorial region from the north, or tit least to p.'t so far t< the -oiith, In- way of the White Nile, as the Alln-rt Nvanza. lint tin- two explorers proved that the interior of Africa is of abundant fertility, ami that if it could In- opened up, great commercial advantages mn-t necessarily follow. To do this MUttfuIly, and it' Africa wa- ever to lw eivili/ed, and the African racv improved and devclojied, it was evident that, in the fin-t place, the infamous traffic in slaverv which was the ciir-e of' that continent mn-t IK- suppressed. It W;LS with this pnrj>o>c, o-tcnsillv so at all events, that the exjKilitioM which the Khehve of l - ._ r vpt e(jnippcor-, tor a period of' nine years, towanls the ai'compli-hineiit of tlii- ^rand oliject, we uro led to the conclusion that the sujprc-.-ion of the slave-trade was of' a verv -eeondarv inijiortance in the mind of the Ktrvptian government, and was onlv n.-ed lv them a- a pretext to cover what to them was of far greater value, vi/.., the comjne.-t :uid annexation of an extensive dominion. Whatever, however, mav have leeii the real eaii-e which ai-tuatcd the Kgvptian irovernmeut in ei|nip|iiir^ the cx|>edition and placing it under Sir Samuel Maker, the n-ult- and achieve- ment- were of' the niM-t !_ r ratitViiiL. r and siiceeful nature. Ho wa- funiishe*! liv the Khedi\e \\nli a firman, ijiviuj; him the ni'i-i exiiii-ive power-, and a fon'e wa- placed at his disposal a_ r ain-t which no eiieiuv that he could po-ililv encounter in tho-- n-jion- would have the -li-_dite-t hope of re-i-tin^. Mnt tie natural difliciiltics which inl'-rpo-ed I H 'tween him and the olijei-t of hi- e\|M-dition wen- of fearful magnitude. Navi-jaiiooring -oiintries were not inclined to the cotir-e which Sir Samuel Maker, in pursuance of his instructions, proposed to adopt. ( 'on.-cions, however, of liis own strength, and knowing that he wa- acting strictlv in the line of dutv. Sir Samuel wa.- not di-p.ed , ither to tenipori/e or to waste time in, what he knew would le futile, efforts at conciliation. The consequence was that the progress of the expedition wa< marked by continual conflicts, the hostili- ties of the natives being vigorously punished with slaughter and reprisals. One punishment in particular that he inflicted deserves men- tioning as being so well deserved, and showing the peril which nt all times surrounded this brave explorer. When he reached the country of I'nvoro, he found that Kamrasi, who was king when he had formerly visited it, was dead, and the throne was occupied by Kabba Keja, his -on, who seemed to be a compound of all that is vile in the African character. I nder the pretence of hospitality, he attempted to poison Sir Samuel and hi- whole partv, which so aroused his indignation, that in retaliation ho burned Ma-indi, the capital, to the ground. This action, how- ever well merited, complicated matters so that the po-ition of Sir Samuel Baker's party became exceedingly desperate, and their onlv hope of safety lay in retreat. The circum.-tanecs of that retreat are amon^ the mo-t thrilling recorded in hi- narra- tive, and invest their e.-cape almo-t with the character of a miracle. The presence of Lady Baker, who, alon<; with her husband, seemed to po-se-< charmed lives and to be proof again>t danger and hardships, give- to the whole expedition that touch of romance which makes the -torv -o piquant and interesting. The task which Sir Samuel Baker undertook, and to a ^n-at extent succeeded in accomplUhiiii;, wa- ivallv -tnpendu-, and the impression ot' it- magnitude can onlv be iva!i/>-d b\- a p- ru-al of the detail- of' its performance. To have literallv ent a pa sau;e tor hi.- flotilla thr-'iigh the mai'-her- which maiulv '':, -titute 71O COLONEL GORDON API1HNTKI) St'CCESSOK. the rountrv l>etween Khartoum and (iondokoro ; to have con- quered ami annexe*! an immense country with a mere handful of troop< ; and to have organized a .-vstem of government which great Iv facilitate the ojK-nition- of hi- successor, demonstrate the |xssesMon of (pialitie.- of a very high order. Haker cannot U- -aid to have .-olved anv geographical pnl>- lem or -ettled anv of the di-puted points which then, as now, occupied the minds of scientific men. He wa.-, however, sati fu-d, and with <;reat P-a-on, with the laurels he had won. First of all, he had made a grand jor.rnev into the very heart of Africa, and revealed a portion ot' that continent hitherto un- known to the world ; and in the second place, he had laid the foundation for a great future in bringing a remote portion ot' the African nice, hitherto excluded from the hi-tory of the world, into direct communication with the -nperior ami more civilized races. ( )n April 1, 1*7:1, the engagement cut' rid into between t lie Khedive and Sir Samuel expired, and Colonel S. K. (iordon, of the Royal Kngineer-, was appointed \\\< -tiee< --or, to continue .Hid carrv on the work left unfinished bv Sir Samuel. Colonel (iordon, with whom -.\a- a.-sociated M. (le-.-i, ha- sinee that p< riod In-en einploved m exploring the I pper Nile region, and de-patches have onlv verv n-cently been revivcd from them addp--ed to the I'p-ident ot' the Roval (Jeographi- cal Sn-ietv of' Lii'_ r land, Sir Rutherford Alcock, giving mo-t in- tcp-tni'_r information a- to the re-nlt- of their travel-. Lake Albert Nvan/a ha- been thoroughly explored bv M. nll' and ( loiidoKop and the oth-r, fh'- native- -av, -..- far inland. < I. ---i llni;'.*- it \\\\* tin i ;\ - i .la!' [ r.ahr I >j. mit , and p---nt r- I h'- Nil- a^'ain at RKSULT8 OF (JOHDON AND GKS.Sl'.S 1>1S<:OVKRIE8. 711 Rabatchanibe, near when- tin; Bahr /e to it> pa.-siire of * parallel live degrees north, and its navigability ly nngger- ha.- been provwl from KaUatehamhe to Station Klial), near parallel six degrees. Should this branch prove free from cataracts, its importance cannot be overestimated, for the navigation from Khartoum to LaUe Albert would be without obstacle. A small steamer of light draught will bring the furthermost extrcmitio of the Nile basin within three weeks of Cairo and the civili/.t-d world. \Vo may expect from Colonel (iordon's energy and devoted ness, together with the scientific knowledge and indomi- table perseverance of his coadjutor, M. (iessi, a speedy solution of this interesting and valuable question. CHAPTER XXXIX. IIKNKY \K)i:i.AM> STANI.KY. l>etfary lft|W-alh-d ly l.ivini;>t<>n m Tin- Work tak.-n ii|> l>y Stanley Mrctinj: In-tui-i-n St.ml'-y an- 1 I.i\ i ii.: -tni ii- I li<-\ -larl >iii an l!xjHilitir>n t<>i;rtlit-r -Man- lt-\ li.iv.-i him t.. .-.irr\ n tli-- \V,.rk Tin- Ti.rr.- u'r-at M \ M.-ri-> of tin- l'a>( tiv tuo -.tii -I Yar> -Two -.Iv.-.l l.\ Sir -viniii. I K.ik.r Tin- Tliinl. tin- SMIMT f tin- N:'n . ttlt-il t.y M.iiili-y Tin- li\.- I.-'lti r> r.-c.iv.il from him Tlinllinir ;ii-i- ''Hit i'l" I'liiii-hiiH n! M| in- r.nuiliiri IIM N .in.inj ! liratriif (iulf Tin- I'uli- 1 .1 . .1 < ,a:i.I.ar.i.- ir i Hi- ! ,-I I.. :I.T :p.m lii 11. .iM .if Afiica A N.ili.ni u-o-.v. 1> Uriniii.il t.. \- .r,,| till MI..J..U is ai-c.illi|illiir.l. \\'lli:s tli- L'T'-at liMVclit-r, Li\-iiiL r -t<'iM-, \V:L- taken :i\vay, jtit ;i- tin- |il*<)l>lcin <>1 a^f- \va- i liiMJiK vi _' itiinl the \vn-ath \vhi<-h h<* >< |i.i--i.i.iai. i\ riiviril arouti'l ln~ brow, tin- |>n-jxvt of the ^rauil aim <>! In- lit' f\'<-r IM-HI^ a'-roni]ili-licil XTIIIC I hut laint. llilt tii' in. n \\ h" ! rut i"ii a-ih'ir h-^ai'V. Suit (>.-< rs, vounjx awl >troii, lia\'- n~. n iiji to catch iln- tun-li \\lndi ilro|)|H-l, a.s it wnv, from o n attaincil !>v lu~ OAH imli\ ulnal po\\i-r. Sudi li\r~ ;i- Livin^'-toiK - ai'f al\\a\~ u r > rininant ; tln-v an- lh'- ni"-t pr.'i'iH- <-U -'I'AII in a L r| n< ral ion iln-^tnl- Irniu \'. hidi tli' ii''ln-t Iruit- ot lip- tntun- \\ill ^ro\\. II' 'li>l nioi-i' liv <1\ in- in A t'l i'-a aii'l /-; A I Vi'-a t hall hrroiiM p'i--ii>i\ ha\'- ai'i''i!Mp]i-||i-il ha. I h- l>..n -pari'd |.. return in : i ni in j ih, an I t' > t"i ap I li> honor- ami IT \\ aril* wliicti \\ oiil. 1 ha\'c ;r.\ail'l him. Hi- 'l-alh I > < j n--at IP I th- \\oik o|' Afri'-an i-x- |>i"i a: i' 'II ami < i \ I ! i/at imi a- a -ad d \< i_ r a' V tu tli' \\ ul'UJ ; ami MKKTING WITH LIVIXUHTONE. 7KJ it lias breathed into his successors an energy ami intcn>itv of purpose which in the end must win the great .-m-cess. Foremost among tin- many gallant ami distinguished men who took up the work where Livingstone left it, at his lamented death, head and shoulders ahove the rot of tin- hand, is STANLEY, whose memorable and romantic meeting with Living- stone in the wilds of the African continent is known wherever the English language is spoken. He has won lor him-elf a name as a daring, resolute, enduring, and in every wav masterly explorer of unknown -regions. The great problem of ages the discovery of the fountains of the Nile was the object of Livingstone's life; and the solution of this mystery was taken up by Stanley, and by the most recent news received from him, dating April, IsTfi, he has .-uc- ceeded in discovering the head stream of the Nile, as we shall proceed to show in detail. After that affecting meeting with Livingstone on October 28, 1871, when Stanley found him, just as hope and life were at their last ebb, and the recuperative power of hi.> -y-tem la>t failing, the two together, after Livingstone wa- reiiv.-hcd in body and spirit, started on an expedition to the head of Tan- ganyika. Living-tone had ever set before himself :is his aim the discovery of the southernmost watershed of the Nile basin, and had a strong conviction that Lake Tanganvika was con- nected with the Albert Nyan/a. If his conjecture wa- true, and Tanganvika connected with the Nile ,-v-tcm. it wa.- clear that the southern ailluents of the lake draiiiiii-j; the water-lied between it and Nyassa would be the true " Ctijiiff \i'i .'" I>ut subsequent explorations had caused him to ,-u-peet that the lake was the headwater of the Con^o, and not ot' the Nile. It was a sore thought for Livingstone; he had no special niteiv.-t in the Congo, he had intense enthusiasm Ibr the Nile. Stanley urged him to give up hi- project and to return and recruit ; but faithful unto death, the great traveller piv-.-ed on. in the vain and ever-memorable struggle, which i- M> patheti- cally recorded in previous chapters of this work, to \\iv-t the pri/e he >o passionatelv lunged lor out of tin- hand .>i'rareh Mr. Stanley left him. and ha- ever since been engaged in the exploration and opening up to the 714 THE SOfHCE OF THE EGYPTIAN INrXHATION. t i-ivilizcil world that nio-t interesting jxirtiou of the African ontinent under tlie equator, lyinnt principally ;h"-e cif Stanley tip to the very latest information received. 1 In mv-terie- and problems \vhieh have remained unsolved tir the past live tliousaiul vears and which have batlled hitherto ai! human -eience and intellect, have IM-CII the sources ot' the Nile, the <-aii-es of the annual K^yptiau inundation, and the -oure.-.s ot -upplv of th<- lU'VCT- fail ing and enormou.- stream of ;lie rivi-r Nil*-, flowing a- it <\>-> without a single tributary for >.-v iit<-'-n humlred mil-s, thnuii;li a burning de-i-rt. To Sir Sam u -I liaker the world is indebted for tin- solution of tli- -. cid i.f tln-1- ijiic-tion-, vi/., the -i-mve of the annual inundai i'ln ,,;' Mjr\pt. In his \\urU entitled " Nile's Tributaries ot' Abv--inia" h-- Lriv-< a mo-t thrilling aei-oiint of how one n:_ r iit HI Inii", 1 >*'i'J, while sleepini; in hi- li-nt, whieh W;L- pit'-d'-'l in th' drv li'-d \' eri-- ol " 1 he nv< r ! I he river! ' and on Iri-viv a- ndiiiL r tie -ti-cp bank with hi- wife, taking with him all th'-ir valnalih--, he h^ard in the dark ne.-.- ol' th' ni^ht a h<-avv rum! >',;n_ r ii'i-i-, which u r ra, and fivr hundred van!- wide, I"'.! ll_' il't'AH, '/I /"(/.'* tn Kl^Vpt. 'I lie tl< MM! had eullle tloWll iV'-r.i A''V--inia, and this \\-a- the -..lnti<>n t-f the m\--terv .f the .'p.:n_' overflow I 1> >j leal arjiiim ni -, .ni ],. tin i|"iil>t that In- ha- ;_M \ n tin- tine -olntnm -iirei- <>t' t!i.- inunilat ion, and "t th- annual lertili/.in^ IJIJM..--I . .I'll, e i j, h b<.f?..;n iaii'U "t'th' I'./v pt ian \alle\. T . thi- . \p!..i-' r al-i an- \\e ind> bt..l t'..r tie- -..!vm>; .,(' the t'lil '1 fllV-terV "f til' It i We r Nile, vi/.. the -liree- ( ,f ll|.' -llpj)!y SOl'KCR OF TIIK KfPPLY OF TIIK NII.K. 7 1 ") of the inexhaustible stream, without any visible source of supply. Sir Samuel has settled this question, hv showing that this vast and unfailing supply of water comes from tin- great equatorial basin of the Nile, and the heavv rains of the equatorial niinv In-'lt of the earth, all drained into tin; White Nile from number- less hikes and small streams. This equatorial rainv basin of the Nile embraces an area of at least 800,000 square miles, extending from tin- tenth decree of north latitude, to as far south as the fifth degree south of the line, and is filled from the river So bat on the ca-t, the Hahr- el-Ghazal on the west side of the main river, and those enor- mous reservoirs, Victoria and Albert Lakes, and their many feeders. These two questions l>eing thus disposed of, we shall now proceed to show what has been done towards discovering the first great problem, the source of the river Nile itself. As we have already stated, Livingstone, during all the years that he was lost to the outside; world, was firm in the belief that the Lualaba river was the main stream of the Nile, being led to this conclusion by his explorations, which, in his opinion, proved that the general drainage of the great interior bu.-iu was discharged through the Lualaba river into the Nile. Although towards the close of his eventful life, when met and re-equipped for active service by Stanley, lie seemed to have a sii-picion that his theory might possibly be a mistaken one, still he adhered to it, unwilling to believe that he could possibly l>e wrong, and he resumed his work in the endeavor to determine the destination of the Lualaba, perishing at last ere hi- work was accomplished, and leaving it to be settled by his successors. We have already shown, in a preceding chapter, the iv-u!t of Lieutenant Cameron's explorations, after he met the body of Livingstone, and sent it on its melancholy journey to Knghind, vix., the discoverv of the outlet of Lake Tanganyika. P>oth Living-tone and Stanley had already made a partial navigation of this lake, and had come to tli- conelu-i"ii that the outlet was at its southern extremity. This, however. Li- u- tenant Cameron, who made a very careful circumnavigation ot the lake, proved to be a mistake, as he discovered the outlet to 710 KKAHS IJF.C;AHI>IN<; STANLEY'S FATK. be on tin- we>t side, and also, ly numerous astronomical ol>rtant point. In previous 1< 'tiers received from this intrepid traveller, tlatitl .June. 1 >7">, In- gave mo-t interesting accounts of his explora- tion of that \ a-t rc.-ervoir of the I'pper Nile, Lake Victoria N van/a, in his vacht " Ladv Alice," which he thoroughly cir- cumnavigated, and fullv established as the ba.-in into which the fountain- of the Nile jHturcd before thev flowed in an unob- structed anined stream toward- the land of Kgypt. The hist letter received from him on that occa-ion ^ a> that which wa- stained 1'V the blo.nl of M. Linant de liellefoiuls, whom he met at the cjipital of KiiiLT Mtesa, on the .-ho res of the Victoria lake. Tin- wa- a little more than a vear a^o, and nothing having Iecn heard from him for so prolonged a peri. \, the rno-t seri">;- mi-giving- a- to his fate \\ere excited, and {' ars expre ed th.il upon hi:n :i fate had fallen similar to that of the unfortunate Living-tone. Mi. Stan! -v was then leaving Mte-a, who had given him -o fri>-ndi\' a r< eeptiou, \\ith tie- intention of joining hi- jiartv, \\lio were encumjM'. ing eani-d on, giving ;i niost thrilling armmtt of how lie ha- -p -nt th-- in- tervening thirteen months. The story he tells U one of hard- sJiip, toil, j^ivat sufferings ami danger, showing him IM l- j,.,-- sessed of qualities that particularly lit him for .-ndi C\JH diiion-. its ho is now engaged on. Kndowed with indomitable com-. >_. and great cnduranee, he is prepared t<> face and overcome \>- staelrs that would deter most men, and in manv iv~j>. <-t~ h.- dill'ers 1'roin Livingstone, l>v whom the work \va- I-JMII. Stanley is, in spirit, an explorer; Livingstone \va< a mi>~innai-v. Stanley is an apostle of science, as Livingstone \\a> an ajio>i!e of religion. "When Livingstone met a .-a vagi; trile. he w.i;M make a detour, or turned l:aek in order to prevent the necejv of either trespass or bloodshed. Stanlev, on the eontrarv, letches up the musket \>oy<, and lights it out, and if linailv compelU-d to withdraw, he eomes bade at another and mop- favorable moment, and chastises the tribe, a> he did the liarbar- ous Bumbirehs, the savage inhabitants of the lake .-hoi-e and the largo island that lies on the western >ide of the lake. The late despatches received from him contain a narrativ-' f his journeyings in the wild regions around Lake Victoria Xyanxn, full of the most important information re^ai'diinr a quarter that has been hitherto inaccessible, and rc-|n -ctin^ \\ hi- !i nothing whatever was known. Others tried in vain to p-adi the Upper Nile basin, but Stanley'.- pluck and per.-i-tcncy have conquered all obstacles. The letters cover a period extending from June. 1S7.~>, \\ln n he was last heard from, to April 1^'i, 1ST*:, the date of th>- la-t letter, when he was within fifteen dav- march of I'iiji. The first, dated July L'it, Is7"), written at Mahyi-a i-lai,d, in Lake \ ictoria Xvan/a, gives an account of hi- return v\a:_'' from th(> capital of the friendly King Mu-a. al the head ot'the \ ictoria Nile, to \\\< camp at the southern end of Victoria lake. near the Shimeevu river, at a place railed Mahvi^a, \\hic!i ! had proposed a- the -tartiii^r point f>>r hi- next 'jr'-at < \[ di: l>\\. Me cannot do bitter than ^ive the -tory in Stanl' y'- \\ n graph ie and deeplv interesting words, as any condensation \\ ,.;!.! but feeblv portrav the j>eri!- and harl-hij>> whi^h he had to encounter, and which were all PO brav-ly met and -< 42 71 > THK NH.HT sriII'i:isK. overcome. We will commence \vitli tin- lir-t letter, in which is a vi-rv spiritttl account of an encounter with the treacherous I'umhirehs. " < '"iitinuin.: niv narrative of our journev from I'janda to \ -uktima l>v the Western sliort' of Lake Nvan/a, I iv-nnie it fro in the point I left oil' ill my la-t letter, vix. : the Ka-j'-ra river or tiie K itariiruK'. '' We hail two canoes bclon^in^ to Mtc-a accompanying our !.it a- an e-eort, until the dilatory ( iraud Ailmiral Mai:a--a -iioii'd overtake u- with hi- fleet of thirtv caiio.-. and the dav v, l'-fr the Ka'jyra river we restetl at in_ r lit on a ;-miM)th, Kiiulv It-a'-h :it tlf foot "f the I "-on^ora plateau, at a point i.-illed I\:i_ r \-a. I In- natives were friendly, and dispo-> d to In- lio-pit- alii'-. -o that we ai-LMied well lor our reception during our travel- aloii'j the eoa-t of I 'sonj^ora. " lli'' in \t afternoon we camped at MaKou^o. and reerived an ajiparentlv friendlv welcome l>v the natives, each of whom ua- i iiL r :i_ r d. a- we landed, m the t^rave oceiijiat ion of imhiliinj p-'inli-- or li-.-r hv mean- of lon:_ r -traw pip- -, e\-ietlv a- \\e taki- ;i ' -h-rrv eolil.ler ' or a ' mint '|iil< p ' in tin- I Hi:- d Sta! -. The > -hi' !' -li_ditl\ rit'lril a.- he eaiii" {iirward to siltlte in--, and hi- e\e- had that uiieertaiu L r a/'' which M-I m d to hint that he -aw d Mllile, or two \\hlte men when there \va- olil\' oiii'. IIo\\eVer, IP- aiici In- people \\eiv LjiMitl-natured, and contentiil \\iih our arrival. ". \ln.Mt 1<> ]. \t., we \\cr>- all awakened from -l>--p hv a tiiMoti- drumminjx, accotupani'-il \\<>\\ ;md ih'-n K\ -hrill \' 1!-. lir \\ a-janda -aid that thi- drumming: and veiling v. a.- in \\ileoini- to tlie \\ hit.- -trail_" 1'. I did Hot ItdjeVe tlhlil.aiid 'h' r'-tni'.- |ilit JnV people on th ir 'Jllard, ordel'eil tin lii t-i 1 rid th'-ir L r| in- and ji!a<'.- th-m undif their -1'ejiin-j: mat-, and ai- !Mii_"d all r.\\' o'.vii in a handv and -at'- po-it;.in. I'.M-I pt tin- 'oiitinued drn Minnie/ and vellue_ r , nothing nceiirreil d':i'iir_' t!.' Mjli!. hut a' da\'lir' ak %\- l"im"ii: :':. hundred warrior-, armed \\ith lnv, -In- Id and -jn-tr. \\ ho :. id i-n pt ijU!' t!\ in ar th' 1 -aiiip, and tl.' n had -''."d up in a - iiii'-irde, pi'i , i n' ;n/ all i -e;p- ..i\i !-v <,\at'-f. I \\a- -o a-ton- i !. d !>'. thi- -udd' n apj>antiou of -uch a la !_'< In.dv of arnn-d TIIK CATASTHOI'IIK A VKUTKP. 71!) men that, I couhl barely believe that we were -till in Mte-a'- territory. " There was also something very curious in their demeanor. For then* wa- no shouting, yelling or frantic behavior, a- we had several times witnessed on the part of -avails when about to commit themselves by a desperate deed. They all wore a composed though a stern and determined aspect. It was a ter- rible moment to us. We knew not what to make nf the.-e hun- dreds of armed savages, who persisted in being -ilent, and gave no hint as to their intentions, unless the Ibre-t ,f -pear< misiht bo taken as a clear, unmistakable and explicit hint that their object was a bloody one. \\ e feared to make a movement le.-t it might precipitate a catastrophe which might po--il>lv be averted; so we remained a few minutes silently surveying cadi other. "The silence 1 was soon broken, however, ly the appearance of the chit 1 !' who had welcomed us (though he \vas then inebri- ated) the evening before. He had a long .-tick in his hand, which he flourished before tin: laces of the -ava-jes, and by thi- means drove them several paces backward. He then came for- ward, and, striking the boat, ordered us to get oil', and he him- self lent a hand to shove the boat into the lake. ""We were nothing loth to obey such good coiin.-el, and soon put a distance of one hundred yard.- between ourselves and the hostile beach. As the Waganda were not yet out of danger, we prepared our guns to sweep the beach. So dcu.-e was the crowd of armed men near the water line that we mi_dit have taken a fearful revenge had we been -o vengeful I v disposed, or had the necessity of saving the Waganda compelled u- to lire. Happily though, our friend-, not without loud remon-tranr and much wordv altercation, embarked in safety, and followed us to Musi ra island. Ib-jv the chief came, and. learning our wants and our objects, sent oil' three bundle- of banana- which he presented to us, and then left u- to our fate. "In the afternoon we sighted our (Iraud Admiral Ma_ra--a. vvith a lar-c fleet of canoe-, paddling .-lowly to a n* i^hb. .-iroii- of (jiiiekening his movements, I -ailed from Mn-ira i-land for A! distant thirty-live mile-. The two chief- of our e-co 720 IN \V.\NT OK KMI. aei'ompani^l u* a mile <>r tun. :ui>l then, alannol !>y the .i-|nvt of thf wrather. turned l>i-k, -hutintr to u< at th -aiue time that a- iw>u a- tin- wind moderated thi-v would follow us. " It \\a- near midnight when we arrived at . \liee inland, and by -teerin'.r f'-r a li'_ r ht n -hop'. we fortunately found a -nn^r. well h'-lt'-r d cove. \\'liru v ovt-rhaii^iiiii roi-k~. \\hi.-h \vin- now l)lackcin-il with tin- sniok<- of inaiiv lir<>. Tin- nativi- of the island <-am- down to vi^it n-. holdin>; out wi-p- of L'lvu -jra-;~ a- a >iun "i jx-acr and friend linos. I'ut though tlirv wen- frirndlv mon^h. they wen- M> cxtrtionati' in ih-'ir dfinaixU that we trained nothing l>\' their friend>hij>, ami were coin | H-1 led to depart at iieet of Marva- ti"ii Ic-t'i.!-'- it-, unli-- Biuiiltireh i~lana lar_ r <- and pojuilou- i-land Ivintr -otithwest of Aliv island ahoiit twentv-five mil' >', to wlii<-h I deterininit] to sjiil, i'urni-h^d u \\iih foml. "Amid rain, thnndi-r. li^litniiiir and a MUindini; -nrf on all ^id---. \M- dropp.il anchor und r th- !< of 1', ..,,(!,'- inland al'Ut niidnL'ht. It rain.-d anrr:tk \\>- hurried awav froin our ilan^ennis aii'-!i"ra_ r f l"-forr a -t'-a dr-w n-ar tli<' eoiuforial'le little i-ive near t!i- villas- of Kajuri. at th- -outhea-t-Tn fxtr'-iniiy ot' Iluniliireh i-!and. A- \\- looknl on th- plentv which _'!''' n -lop-. '^ar- ni-h'-d \\ith !ar_ r f iri'"V<-- ot' lianana-. and dotn-d \\ilh In -r>\- oj tat catt!'-. Jtroini-iil, we anticipated an aluindanet- ..( ;_' ..... 1 tooil, rip-- l'anana~. a fat L r "at, a larjc -upplv of milk and ot \\, r ihin^s jiind f. .r taini-hiiiL' INCH. P.iit \\.- wen- disappointed to h<-;ir tin- la r-_'i- ininitcr ot' |."opl,- on t'n.- |i!ati-an alov- th-' village hontinj- t hi i r war cry. " \\ Inl'.-d at th- di-tanci- >.;' t -. . n'v \-ard~ tVoin -li '!. and I oli-.rvd that th-- '.--ill! ln-!n\ i'-r of t!i" native. rh,-inL r "l. a- flu-v approached i:ear-r, t" a'Ti'-ilitN and I: i- n- 1 !in- --. \\ , \- <-li-iie_" d th' n-n:t! !Vi-nd!\ -jr< t i ir.: - , ai M 1 \\ r< :n\i!'dt ..... 'Hie j,-!,oi'- in -'I'-!, fiie- a- li--ipa!-d th- 1- .i-t -M-pif"oji t'lom ..nr mi. id-. \" -": i r. h"\v \. r. h-.d the k" ! "!' the I, oat -roiind.-d. .!',. TKKACIIK.UY OK 'I UK < II IKK MIKKKA. 721 the boat and dragged her lii^h and drv on land, \\ith all on board. Twice I raised mv revolvers, but the crew restrained me, say ing it was premature to light, a- these people were friend-, and all would be right. Accordingly 1 sat do\\ n in the -tern sheets and waited patiently l<>r the decisive moment. The savages fast increased in numbers, and the hubbub grew greater. Violent language and more violent action we received without Comment or word on our part. Spears \\ere held in their hand- as if on the launch, arrows were drawn to the head and pointed at each of us with fren/ied looks and eves almost bursting out of their sockets. Thev struck the ground and the boat, .-tamped, foamed at the mouth, gnashed their teeth, .slashed the air with their spears, but thev shed no blood. The chief Shekka pre- vented this, reserving that plea.-urc, I presume, Ibr a more op- portune time, when a new excitement would he required. A- we were in their power, it only remained for u- to be quiet until thev proceeded to acts of violence, and in the meantime en- deavor to purchase peace', or at lea-t postpone the -trite. " Shekka demanded four cloth- and ten necklaces of large beads as his price for permitting us to depart in peace. They were paid to him. Having secured them, he ordered his people to sei/e our oars, which was done before we understood what thev were about. This was the second time that Shekka had acted cunningly and treacherously, and a loud jeering lau^h from his people showed him how much thev appreciated hi- wit. ''After sei/ing the oar.-, Shekka and In- people -lowlv went to their village to eat their noon meal, and to di-etis- what other measures should be adopted towards the -tranters. At ' r. M. the natives began to a-.-eml.le on the rid^e of a low hill about a hundred vards from the boat, and pre.-ent Iv drum.- were heard beating the call to war, until within half an hour about live hundred warrior.- had gathered around >!iekka. u ho \\a- sitting down addressing his people. \\ii.u he had done, about tiny rushed down and took our drum, and kindly told n- to -et our guns ready for li^ht, as thev were coming presently to cut our throats. "As soon a- I saw the -ava^v- had arrived in the pivseiiei .;' Shekka with our drum, I shouted to mv men \-> pn-h ti,-- 1* at into the water. With one d- .--perate etlort my cre\\ of < \-n 722 ESCAPE FKOM THE NATIVES. men -ci/ed the lx>at as if -he liad lieen a mere tov, and shot her far into the water. The impetus they had given her eau-ed her to dra-j them all into deep water. In the meantime the .-ava^es, uttering a furiou- howl of di-appointment and batlled rage, came rushing like a whirlwind toward- the water's edge. " I di-char-jed my elephant rille, with it- two large conical bulls, into their mid-t, and then, a-.-i.-ting one of the crew into the boat, told him to help his fellow.- in while 1 continued to tii:ht. Mv double-barrelled shot-gun, loaded with buek.-hot, wa- next di-charged with terrible effect, l<>r, without drawing a -ingle b. i\\- or launching a -ingle -pear, thev retreated up the -lope of the hill, leaving ti- to exert our wit.- to get the boat out of the cove before the enemy should decide to man their canoes. " Twice in succession I succeeded in dropping men determined on launching the canoes, and .-eeing the sub-chief who had com- manded the party that took the drum, I took deliberate aim with my elephant rille at him. That bullet, as I have -ince been told, killed the chief and hi- wile and infant, w ho happened to be .-landing a few pace- behind him, and the extraordinary re-ult had moiv etl'ect on the sujx.'rstitious mind- of the native, than all pivvioti- or Milc<|iicnl .-hot-. " < >ll 'Jfettinir ollt of the coVe We -aW t Uo cai|oe- loaded with men coining <'iit in pur.-uit fn>m another .-mall cove. I per- mitted them to come within one hundred vards of u-, and tiii- time I u-ed the elephant rille with explo.-ivc balls. Four .-hot- killed five men and -ank the canoe-. " Tin- deej-ive all'air di-heartened the eiiernv, and we were left to pur-iie our wav iinmolotrd, not. however, without hear- iii_' a ringing voice -hoiiting out to n-, ' < Jo and die in the N\ an/a ! ' F.ivop-d bv a bive/e from the land, thev hoi-t d -ail. and bv n:.-lii we|v mile- awav from the inho-pitalle -hop- where they -o narrow Iv e-ca[n-d limn b.in_ r maaiTitl, and \\hei-e the e\pi-dittoi| wen- milv -a\'ed from utter detruetion b\- \\ -tubborn \alor and con-ummate -kill a- a leader di-plavi-d \.i (!; l"'i !o-\ Mi-j d.i\ the\ \\ere on! on the lake, and wen- it ! ! n j to ! i .< h -oine !i:i\ < n I " ( - li I J ht , I 'lit i >',\ .1 1'< 1 - i \ i n 1! ; g a t' : r;l >)e -;. ,| ::i ai.i' on, i .r rather a -nee. -- ], ,n .1 Verv -. \ ere WKI.rO.MK HACK To c.\Mi'. 7l_'.'J storms, during which their frail canoe- wen- in tin- gn-aii-t jeopardy, ami death start. 1 * I them in tin- fan- mi everv hand. Alter a day ami night of tossing alx>nt, and \\hen thev had begun to think that the curse of the I Jnmbinh-, "<;,, and die in the Nyan/a," was about to lie reali/ed, thev at la.-t -iid < < d*-d in reaching their camp at Kagchvi. Shouts of welcome greeted them from .shore, when even nianv miles away; hut as thevdre\v near the .-houts changed to voll.-v- of musketry and waving of flags, and the land -eenied alive with leaping forms of glad-hearted men, for thev had been fitiv- seveu days absent, and many a fal-e rumor of iheir death, .strengthened each dav as their absence u-lv to the port of Kagehvi. As the keel gi'ounded, over fiftv men liounded to the water, dragged Stanley from the boat, and danced him round camp o; their shoulders, amid much laughter, clapping of hand-, grotesque wriggling of human forms and Saxon hurrahing. Having vented their joy, they set him down and all formed a circle, manv men deep, to hear the news. The second of Stanley's letters is written from the lake -lion- town of Humo, in southwestern t'ganda, and dated Aunu-t \~>, 1S75. Stanley remained for some nine nr ten dav- inactive, after his troublous exploration of the N van/a and hi- danger- ous lake journey, waiting for the arrival of the (Jrand Admi- ral Magassa with his canoes. l>ut at la.-t he cnuld \\ait no longer, and preparations were made to march "\.rland to Uganda, along the lake shore. Just a- the expedition wa.*. ready to start, there came an embassy from IJuwoma, the knu; of southern I ''/in/a, bearing a jien-mjitory me-.-age to the etll-ct that lie " did not want to see the white man. <>r any other \\ !i;i-- man, with IOULT red hair down to his shoulders, white fa--e and ' -i-^ red eves," that the white man was not to pa-- through h;- coun- try, and that if he did come. he. Kiiwoma, would ti^ht hi placed Stanley in a very perj)lc\ing dilemma. undertake the lake journey to Uganda, hecan-> not proved faithful to the trust ivpo-.-d in him the journey bv land was now impo ible. a- it \' utter follv and bad policv to iitive a ja--.ue ;hr. 7'J4 HKTt'KN TO lil'MIIIRKH. country. What was to !>< done? Turn away from the All>ort N van/a, an be explored by ( Jordon's exjx'dition ? IT he did -o, the qiif-tion aro-c, \\ho then \\ttull explore the debatable hui'i lvinu r between tin- AlU-rt .\ van/a and tin- Tanganyika? The m!v way that Stanley could >ee out of hi.- ditlieulty w;i to obtain can. - from some other point, and to determine upon th lake rout-- to r-_ r anda. After making the fnllot inquiries j-i -]< -tiii_' the maritime re-oiiive- o(' each of the adjacent triU-s and nation- borderim: on Sjx-Ue (illlf, heat la.-t .-neeeedi-d, alter ;i ^p-at deal of dijilomatie inaixeiivrinj; and delicate negotiations, in |-r-n.idi:i_' Luk-'ii-jeh, the amiable kin^ of t keivwe, t< pi-omi-e him tiity eanoi-, but only a- far as I'sukuma. '1 his Stanlcv had to 1 -ati~ti'd with; but having previou-ly made up hi- mind a- t" what he >hoidd h>, on their arrival at I '-11 k u ma IK- for-iMv -^ i/.-d the (-.UKH-S ami paddhs, antl although the native. a t lir-t re-i-t<'!. and made preparations for attacking tie partv. lie -ne.-e.-iled iii - i f ! \ ei 1 1 1 a r k i 1 1 _ r hi- expedition and pn-jM-rtv in tli'- cai o>'-, in uhi'-h thev arrivi-*! -alely at Iveluge i-!a:i'l, hall' v. av to I '^ ni'la and two da\>' -ail from iltimhirell. Tin- latter pl:iee wa- v. here the -ava^e- had made the treaeher- on- atlai-k upon h;- expeilitiolt, >o ^I'aphieallv di'seribetl in his !ir.-t letter. At'tera few ilav-' re-i on llefij'^e i-laud, thev pnwceded on th'-ir Vova-jce, and n-nieinbering the bitter injiirii-- he had re- e.-i\ . .| li'.im the n;iti\ i - o| I \\i\i\\ ureh, and tli'- death b\ Violence rind -tarvat ;oii lie an. 1 hi- part v had - > narro\\ |\- e-eaped. Stanley rt-'i!\-e<|. mil'-- thev \\niild make amend- for their cruelty and tr--:i''!ierv, to make war mi tii-m and to admini-ler .-ii'-h a pnn- i-iiiii'-nt to th. in a- woiiM pro\-,- a -alularv le--on. anl teach tii' 'ii ill" dntv ' f h'i-p:talitv to traveller-. >t ml' -v lir-t - -nt a in. ---I'je to tin- natix. - of |nmbire|i t<. the !!" et that if th'V \\oiil.l d.-iivT tie ir kin -. in ! P ' o| L M\ in.' anv. attacked I-'KAIir-TL rrXlsmir.NT OF NATIVl,s. 7j; } lu's men, wounding eight and killing a friendlv ehief, \vitieh uus another reason whv Bumbireh should be puni-hcd. Accordingly, next morning Stanlev started otf \\ith a force of two hundred and eightv men liftv mu-ke!-, two hundred and thirty spcarsmen in eighteen canoe?, and reached the i-land of Butnbireh about two in the afternoon. The native.-, had evi- dentlv been anticipating some trouble, for a- thev approached they observed messengers running fa.-t to a plantain -rove that stood on a low hill commanding a clear open view of a little |K>rt at the southern end of the i-land, from which thev con- eluded that the main force of the savages wa- hidden behind the grove. Perceiving that they were too strong for him to attack them in the plantain grove, Stanley steered for the oppo-ite -hore, in- tending to disembark his force there, but as -oon a- the natives saw this, thev ro,-e from their coverts and ran along the hill slopes to meet Stanley, which wa- precisely what he \\i-hed thev would do, and accordingly he ordered his force to paddle -lowlv so as to give them time. In half an hour the .-a vanes were all assembled on the bare slope of a hill in knot- and uroiip-. and after approaching within one hundred vards of the -hore. Stan- lev formed his line of battle, the American and Kn-li-h (lags waving as their ensigns. Having anchored each canoe -o a- to turn its broadside to the shore, h" ordered a vollev to be fired at one group which numbered about fiftv,and the iv-nlt wa- ten killed and thirty wounded. The savages, perceiving the danger of standing in groups, separated themselves along t he lake -hore, and advanced to the water'- edge, slinging -tone- and -hooting arrows. Stanlev then ordered the canoe- to advance within fifty yards of the shore, and to lire a- it' they were birds. After an hour the -ava-v- .-aw that they . defend themselves at the water's edge, and retreat hill slope, where they continued -till e.\po-ed to the the boats. Another hour wa- pa ed in thi- manner. Ib the canoes to come together, and (old them to advance to the shore as if thev were about to di-cmbark. I h the enemv to make an etl'ort to repn!- inglv, hundreds came down with 720 ON TIIK WAV To THK AI.l'.KKT NVANZA. launch. When they were close to the water's edge the bugle sounded a halt, and another vollev was fired into the dense crowd, which had such a disastrous elfect on them that they retired far up the hill, and the work of punishment was con- summated. The lo-- of the savage- wa- very great, a.- might naturally U- expe< ted, con-idering thev were so exposed on a shore cov- ered onlv with short gra--. I orty-two were counted Ivingdead on the field, and over one hundred were seen to retire wounded, while on Stanley's side only two siitfered contusion from -tones slung at them. Stanley's spear-men were verv anxioii- that he should allow tin in to land and utterlv destrov the Bumhirehs, lint this he refused, -av'ii'j that he had not conn' to destroy the island, luit to punish them lor their treacherv and attempted murder ot' him-elf and partv, when thev had put faith in their profes-ed friendship. After leaving IJumhireh, the expedition landed and camped at 1 >unio I '-anda, u hi'-h i- two davs' march north of' tin- Ixagera river, and t\vo davs' south of the Katon'_ r a river. '1 his camp Stanlev selected for the expedition lieeaii-e it \\a- intermediate, whence he eoiild start on a nortlr\e-t. we-t, or -oiithwe-t eotir-e for iheAll'eri N van/a, after ascertaining from Mte-a which was lie-t : for l.etueeii the Victoria N van/a and the Albert Nyan/a are \-tTv powerful tribe-, the Wa-a-ara. \\ a liuanda, and \\ a an"ora e-peeiallv, w ho w < iv continiiallv at war with M tc-a. Here he remained for some da\ -, until he could ol.tain force -iiiiiei.nt from Mte-a, Kmperor of I "janda. to pierce the ho-iile coimtrv thi-.-u-h which alone he could penetrate to the Albert N\an/a, the aim of hi- pi e-e n t e\p, dition. H- him-elf wa- of opinion that mile-- the em|.e|-or av' him a (orce "( (ilty thoii- - :m .| m.-ii. it w.-iild be almo-i h.,p.-l. -- l ex]"-| that they could | ,,,1,1 th, ir _'!oiind loi i- ei ,oi i-h t" enab!'- him to -e! oil! on a 1 wo month-' vo\au'c of exploration, ami find on hi- r. turn lh- i x- p. dition -'ill inta't and -a!'.-. ( )n repn-i-ut m_ r lhe-cidia-to !,-, , inp. p.r. IP- and hi- i-hi- t- a -UP d Sianl. \ that t\\o thoij-aml Inei, \\,[e .it:,|'!\ llMi' i' lit , a- Kabba li'--ja \\o!|ld li"t dale to i, j'f a ;.. ii a -a in-! t lie \\ a. -ni'la, I ' an - |i u a \,' \It--a w ho i )( ,j -. ,v.j K.ibb.i I,'. , on the throne of Kamra-i. Thoii-h i,,,t iiiiit-- c,iii\ in'-' d with th'- a- uraii' e- M'e a ;/av him that PALE-FACED TIM UK OF NATIVKS. 727 there wotdd be no trouble, Stanley entreated him no further, but accepted thankfully (Jeneral Samboo/i and two thoii-and men as escort. The march across Uganda, west and northwest, was uninter- rupted by any event to mar the secret joy Stanley felt in bein-4 once more on the move to new fields of exploration. The parts- made a brave show of' spears and gunn while; marehing aero- the easy swells of pastoral western I'ganda. Having arrived at the frontier of ("nyoro, they made all war- like preparations, and on .January 5 entered Kabba IJega's ter- ritory. The people fled before them, leaving their provision-; in their haste behind them, of which was made free u.-e. < )n the Dth they camped at the base of the tremendous mountain called Kabuga, at an altitude of 5,500 feet above the sea. Ka.-t of the low ridge on which they camped, the Katon^a river was rounding from the north to the east on its course toward Lake Victoria, and west of the camp the Kusango river boomed hoarse thunder from its many cataracts and falls as it rushed westward to Lake Albert. From one of the manv spur.- of' Kabuga they obtained a passing glimpse of the king of' moun- tains, (Jambaragara, which attains an altitude of between l.'J.OOO and 15,000 feet above the ocean. On the summit of this high mountain Stanley came aero-- a strange pale-faced tribe of natives, complexion almost Kuropean, a handsome race, some of the women bein^ singularly beautiful. Their hair is kinky, but inclined to brown in color. Their features are regular, lips thin, but their no-e-, though well- shaped, are somewhat thick at the point. Several of their de- scendants are scattered throughout I nyoro, Ankori and Iluanda, and the royal family of the latter powerful country are di-tin- guished hv their pale complexions. The tjtieen of Sa-ua i-iand-, in the Victoria Nyanxa. is a descendant of thi- tribe. Whence came this singular people Stanley wa- unable to as- certain, bevoiul a clew which lit mention-, vi/.. that the lii-: kini; of' Kisbakka, a country to the southwest, wa- whose scvmetar is .-till pre-e^ved with uivut revert present reigning family of l\i-bakka. The mountain i- an extinet volcano, and on the -uiniiiit i- a crystal clear lake about five hundred vard- in ! n-th, tV"in tin/ 723 FOK TO m:ri I:N TO r a great height. A rim of Jinn rock, like i\ wall, surround*) tin- -nmmit, within which a IT -evral village, where the chief' of tin- singular tnlx- and hi- |>cople re-ide. Tin- lir-t king of I'nvoro gave them the land arnu roidi' for ivnturif-. < >n tin- apjiroarh of an invading ho>t tln-v ivtr<-at t> the summit tiJ'tlu- mountain, tli'- int<'ii-' o'ld >f which ddic- the mi their fin-mil-. Two v<-ar> ag KinjH?ror Mt->a dcspatcluil hi- primr mini-icr \\iih a'.x'iit <>nc hundred thousand nu-n to ( lanjluiragura ami I'-itnirora; Kill though tin- ird the .-loin's ami iiMviidril t> a givat height in jmr-nii. he \\a.s ('iinjx-lli-d l>v the inclement climate to dc-ecnd \\ith"iit having captured more than a lew hla k >lave<, tin- pah -I'ac. d triho having rrtn-atl to their imprfgnahlu t'orin--- at the -nnunit. A t'riea is certainly the " haunt of light-heatleil i'ahle,' romaixv and -nper-tilin ; hut still there CM-I- -mne modicum <(' truth in all the statement.- an(' the -impie native-. Ali"Ut t'tir V' ar- pivvioii- to tlii-, when exploring the Tan- ir:in\'ika with Livingstone, thcv heard there existed a race of \\iiite in. -ii north oj' l'/.i^i. At that time Living-tone and Sian!<-v -milMl at the ali.-iirditv "I a \\luie |(cuple living in (lie h'.ii! <>f A t'riea; l>ut here Stanley actnallv ^a\\ them, ami di-- (Ti\-er< 1 the truth \' the report. Thi- di-'-'iVerv i- nt' V' i \ 'jreat inte|-i-f in an ethnological IN pin! i .( \ ;i \\ , e-tal ili-hin^ tin- laej that there are a*> man v dif- t- r- nt t\ p- - ft' t If A ! Vie: in f:i:iii!v in A fri< a a- I h> r- an >!' I he ( 'an- :i-i.iii raee in Kun ']>' . A It' r I' i\'iiej t he < iamiiara'/a! a in I'Mit.nn and it- pale-taeed inlin' .it int-, Slan'.ev pi-neiralid t hr> >n , r h i h- 1 I n\nri 1 1|. . ! l,i-' .uj h the ill -f -mi nn < I ' p|i. i-it s. >n "I lh'' n:it ivi -. t< i pn iin- aiiN i-..:ii" -, In v. :i- lofei d ti i'- I in ii ''i 1 L'anda, to di-eu\ cr other l-'-ut' aii'l eotintri'-- ni'ip 1 aim itaMe !> r< .i-"ii and "p> n I" iVi-nd!'. ;;!!- t hail h"-' i l> I a > "'" "'' HP -"I n .; i ! .! \n!,n. 'I ! ra pi i leal kll"\\ I' d J>' aeijllll ' d l'\ their |i>relli|e |lt|-)l t'i t IP \ ] ii< : t \ \ .in/a \\ a- "t 1 K> h i.di- - 1 I MI p< >i I all' <. and \\ 1 1 n p.tid ^t.inh \ , even t li..n.;h in l!i' -iid h' \\ a- t'-.r. -.-d t<> r I urn. A LAND OK WnNDKIiS. 7_ M .) The lay of the plateau separating tin- great re.-*Tvoir> "1 th<- Nile, tin; Victoria and Albert Nyan/a-, tin- structure of the mountains and ridges, and the course of the water-hi -d-, and the Course of the rivers Katonga and RusatiL'o have I wen n-\<-a!i-d. The great mountain (iamltaragara and its singular jM-nple have been discovered, Ix'sulcs a portion o|' a gulf il' the A ll>< -rt, which Stanley called, in honor of Her Koval lli^hne-.- I'rinee-.s lieatrice, licatriee (lulf. Thi.s gulf, almost a lake of it-elf, is funned by the pnirnon- tory of I'sonj^oni, which runs ><>inhuc>t >ome thirty mile.- from a point ten geographical mile- m>rth ol* l"nvanipal\a. The eastern eo:ist of the gulf is formed by the countries of Iranipira, Unvampaka, Buhnju and Mpororo, which coast line run- a nearly .south-southwest conr-e. Ik-tween Mpororo and I'-un- gora extend the islands of the maritime State nf I'tnmbi. \\e-t of Usongora is Ukonju, on the xvi-tcni coast of Lake Albert, reputed to be peopled bv cannibal.-. North of I'konju i.- tin- great country of l'let to I konju on the \\'e-t, <<- eupving the whole of the xuitli and southeast eoa-t \ Lake Albert. North ot' I'nvamjKika, on the ea.-t >ide, i- Irangara, and north of Irangara the district of Toro. I'liynro m-.-npies the whole of tlu- ea.-t side from the Murcliison l-'all- of the Victoria Nile to Mpororo; for I'nyampaka, Toro, IJulmju and Irangara are merely districts of I'nyoro. '1 he great promon- tory of r-onu'ora, which half -hut- in Ueatrice (Julf. i- tribu- tary to Kabba Rega, though governed by Nyika, kiin: of (Jamliaragara. Fson^-ora is the ^rreat salt Held whence all the .-urronnd ing countries obtain their salt. It i-. from all a-voiiut-, a v ry land of wonder-, but the traveller de-irou- of exploring it -hoiild have a thon-and Sniders to j.rot.'.-t him, t ; >r the native-, those of Ankori. care tbr nothing but milk and :.-kiu-. Amontr the wondei> cr-dited to it are a mountain ''tiro and stones," a .-alt lake of considerable cxteiit.--vi-r.il hills of rock -alt, a large plain < ncm-ted thi.- alkali, a breed of very 'large do- a race of such lon^-le^'jed native- that ordinary mortal- n _ard A TUIHK OF MILK-MISKKS. them with surprise and awe. The Wagantla, who have invaded their country for the sake of booty, ascril>e a cool courage to them, again-t which all their numbers and well-known cxpert- iie-s with -hield and spear were of little avail. They are. IH-- -id'--. extremely clannish, and allow none of their tribe to in- ti-nnarrv with -tranters, and their diet con>i>ts >olely of milk. Their ^ole occupation consists in watching their cow-, of which they have an immense number; ami it wa> to capture some of the-e hi ril- that the Kmperor of Luanda sent one hundred thon-aiid men, under his prime minister, to I'songora. The expedition wa- sun-essful, lor by all account-; the Waganda re- turned to th'-ir country with about twenty thousand; but s> d'-arlv were they purchased with the lo-s of human lite, that it i- dubtful whether Mich a raid will again IK' attempted to I '-oiiLrora. When Stanley -cut oil his third letter, he was encamped on Lake Albert, in 1 "nvatnpaka, situated in longitude ol deg. 'J I min. ".<> -<-., and latitude 'J."i min. The jtroinontory ol I '-oii'j-ora, due we-t, wa- about fifteen mile- distant. The next I'-tt-T i- dat'-d March lM, IsTo, iVoin Kal'urro, an Arab depot near Iviimainka's capital, Karagwe, and relate- the -t'-rv of hi- final departure iVoni I'tranda. l"p"ii arriving at Kara-^we, through the kindness of the kin^r "t Karagwe, liu- mainka, he was enabled to explore the frontier of K a raj; we as far north a- M|Mnro, and -oiith to l'j;ufu. The \aeht " Lady Alice" \\a- conveyed to SlM-ke s Lake \\indermere, and the !-eetion- H-re\ve- parent of :he \'i-toria Nile. \ -1 -ui'-e at Speki-'- map \\ill -hov, th<- rcad.-r that he cal!- i.- nv' 1 !' th'- Kitantfiile r\\< r, and that he ha- \\\ tributaries ni:initr_' to it,eallei| re-peet ively th' I ,11' 'hn !"o a i)' 1 the In_'-/i. >|"k'-, ">i wonderfully cornet, with a mind \\hidi ^ra-p--d f "/r.i phi'-al k IP c.\ N <].:> svilh '/r-at acuteiie--. and arran-^i-d the il-'.ii!- .-. itli e!' \-er pfi'i'i-ion and a'-i-nrai-v, Stanl'-\ think- ii < r ion- !\- m em -r in ea'l in-j tin- noble ri \ < r K it an^n !-. N i it her \\'a.:.tii' I i imr \\':oi\ -iMil.-i kn-e\ it l.\- that irnn--, but ihrv all KXILOIUN<; Tin: K.UJKUA HIVKK. 7*1 know the Kagera river, which flows near Kilangnlc. From its mouth to l T ruudi it is known by the native-, on both banks ^ the Kagera river. The Luchuro, or rather Lukaro, m<-ans "higher up," but is no name of anv river. While exploring the Victoria lake, Stanley had amended a few miles up the Kagera, and was even then struck with it- great volume and depth, so much so as to rank it as the prin- cipal afllueut of the Victoria lake. On this occa-ion h<- di~ covered on sounding that it was fifty-two !!<( deep, and liftv yards wide. Proceeding on his voyage up the river fl.r three days, he came to another lake about nine miles in length and a mile in width, situate on the right hand of the stream. At the southern end of this lake they came to the island of I 'nvamnbi, a mile and a half in length. Ascending the highest point on the island, the secret of the Kagera or Inge/i was revealed. Standing in the middle of the island, he perceived it was about three miles from the coast of Kara<_ r we and three mi!e- frotn the coast of Kishakka west, so that the width of the In^'/i at this point was about six miles, and north it stretched asvav broader, and beyond the hori/on green papyri mixed with broad gray gleams of water. lie discovered, after further exploration, that the expanses of papyri floated over a depth of from nine to fourteen feet of water ; that tin 1 papyri, in fact, covered a large portion of a long, shallow lake ; that the river, thoii-h apparently a mere swift flowing bodv of water, confined appar- ently within proper banks bv dense, tall fields of papvri. ssa- a mere current, and that underneath the papyri it supplied a lake. varying from five to fourteen miles in width, and about ei^htv geographical miles in length. ( )n exploring the Ka-jvra throughout its entire length .eij miles\ Stanley found that it maintains almost the -ame vlu';, and almost the same width, discharging it- surpln- water- to the riirht and to the left as it flow- on, fi-edm_r. bv mean- of the underground channels, what mi^ht be called bv an observ land, seventeen separate lake.-, but winch are in ivahtv connected together underneath the field- of paps ri lagoon-like channels meandering tornum-lv en^i^h detached field- of the mo-t prolific reed. 1 IH- open of water are called bv the natives so manv " rwerus " : HOT spKINtJS OF ML.UtATA. the lapM>tis connecting thetu and the rooeke has stvleint Stanlev a-eertained it to lie at an altitude of .'>,7U<> lvt ahove the o< em. and ahoiit -I'JO feet ahove Lake Victoria. The extreme north point of this -insular lake i- north l>v ea.-t from I'himha >outh : it- extreme southern point, Kara^we, oeeu|)ies the whole uf it- ea-t'Tii -id'-. Southwe-t it is bounded l>y Ki-hakka, \ve.-t l>v Muvari, in Kuanda, northwest l>v Mporoni, aiul northeast l>v Ankori. At the jioiut where Ankori lace- Kara^we, the lake eontrart-. l>e.-om>-- a tumultuous, noi-v river, create- whirlpools and da-lie- it-.-If madlv into foam and -prav auain-t oppo.-iiiL; riM-k-. and linailv roll- over a wall of rock ten or twelve fret deep \\itii a t ivniendoii- uproar for which the natives call it Mofon.'o. ,r the Noi-y Fail-. < >n returning Irom hi- vova;_ r e of exploratin. he re-olved on an overland joiirnev to the hot -prin^r- of Mlatrata, which have obtained -ueji renown throughout all the nei;;hlxrin< countries tor t!i'-ir healing prop* -rtie-. 1 wo ilavs' severe marehini; to- ward- tin- north hroti^ht them to a deep wooded -jor^e wherein tli" hot -priii'.'- are -ituai.d. Mere thev di-roveretl a nio-t a-- toa:-!iin_ r \ari'-!% of plan:-, h- rl-, tree- and I'ti-he-; for lure Nature wa- in her iii"-t pmlilie mood. She -hot forth her pro- du.-t- -.\ith -ueh vi^or tliat ea--h jilaut -.nn-il to -tran^le the oth- r- for lark of room. 'I h-v -o .-lamliered o\' r one another that -mail hill- of Kru-li wej-e formed, the lo\\ t -t in the heap -titl-d :.y tii" upp 1 rmo-t, and tliroiijli th-- he:p- thii- formed till 1'ivnl. - -hot |..rlii a:i arrou'- Il;_ht into the upper air. with jloii.- ot' radiant, L r i''-'-n folia _ r e upon th. ;r -tern-like ep>\\ n-. Tii -p::nj- uep- vi-it'-d at the time of Stanlev'- vi-it 1>\- i-'d p r-on-. Male and femali* \veri- -een lvi:;_ r !y in t!.e hot poo'- halt'a-letp, \\hile th-ir itchv l.odie, \Ve,-e I ., i I, _' half Cooked. 'J'lle hotte-t j--;, d 'la i!|e I'.t-' o| a ior!.\ h:il. and \\li' !i I'ahreiihi it - v\a- jilf'd in t h- uat'T, the nn rnu \ r,-e to 1'J't iir -j'i.n_'- !u!-''!.d upnard from tin- .i-oimd pili o( dark, ninddv -dtuii-nt, and had a 1> mp' r- 1 d'_M"-. Th, - \\e|e th" Illo-t faV-'P-d 1'V till.' ox TIIK MA urn TO rjur. 7;;;> natives, and tho curative reputation of tin- springs was ba*<-d on the properties of this water. Stanley nays he camped there for three days, ami made J'P use of a reserved spring, hut excepting unusual eleaulim -. I..- OOlild not conscientiously say that he enj southward march to I'jiji, on Lake Tanganyika, the place where he was so fortunate as to discover the long-lost Livingstone. o o lie left the capital of Karagwc with brave intentions and high aspirations. He had discovered that the Kagera river formed a great lake about eighty miles in length and from five to four- teen miles in breadth, and that at Kishakka the Kagera wa< still a powerful, deep-flowing river, and curious reports from natives and Arabs had created curious ideas within hi- mind as to the source of this noble river. Imbued with the thought that by journeying a .sufficient distance along it.- right bank he might discover this source, he made ample preparation- for the crossing of a wide wilderness, packed ten davs' ;rovi-ion.- of grain on the shoulders of each man of the expedition, and on the 27th of March, 1S7>, set out for the uninhabited land. After travelling tor six days he reached I'bimba, the frontier of Karagwe, where behind a ridge \\hich extend- between Ubimbiv and the lake, he saw the extreme -oiith end of the lake he had s-o long followed, and noticed a decided change in the formation of the broad vallev of the Kagera. The mountainous ridges bounding the \\cstern >hore of the Kagera, which, extending from Mpomro -otith, continue on n south by west course, became broken and eonf'u-'-d in -outherii Kishakka, and were penetrated from the nort li\\ e-t hv a \\id-' valley, through whieh i.-sucd into the Kagera a lake-like river called Akanvaru. Southwest wa,- >een the course of' the Kagera, which, above the confluence of the Akanvaru with it. wa- only 43 7"l ANnTHKtt I.ONC-LE<;En TRIBE. a swift-flowing river of no very p*eat depth or hr.-adth. Such :i river inL'ht well be created l>y the drainage of Kaert Nvau/a. Such an extraordinarv -tatement a- this eould mot be received and trans- mitteil a< a fact without Iw-in^ alile to corroborate it on his own autiioritv, and exploration of the mouth of the Akanvaru proved that th- Akanvaru i- not an diluent, hut an atlliii-nt of the Kairera. Ilrvond the mouth of the Akanvaru, Stanley found it \v;u* inip'--il)lc fur him to o-jtion <>f the natives on the ri^ht aixl left hanks of the ri\vr. '1'hi-v ar a |oiii;-le^iret liumhireh to whom allusion has already Ix-rn made, and liki- tln-ni. thi-ir aver-ion to strangers is exe>>sive. They aiv -u d;--ad!ully afraid ot' loin<^ tln-ir cattle that it' one cow die- fr-'in -ickiie--, the whole coiintrv i- searched to di-'-ovrr the -tra i i_ f 'f \\lio has l-exvitched the cow to death, for who-r loss, it' one i- t'iiiii'1. hi- life i- forfeit to the purblind, small-brained native-. Human liein-j- frequently al)ics. And bv -huwinj- i \ei--ive fondne-- for U n !d. llui-' -. du_'-, rat-, clulhe-, bird-. ' <\ but the love which the \\':i-uujir;i. \\ an\'ankori, \\a-Uuanda, \\a-Ki.-hakka. \\ a^'afu, \\'anvamla and \\atn-i exhibit for th'-ir cattle i- an extreme -lti-h :ni'i nu-er-like atle<-tion. A -tranter mitrht die in ;mv i>!' id..-.' euiintrie- |'..r l^i-k ul' one ilrop i.f milk. < icnepiux and -wi-et-temp'-reil a- Kumainka proved him-e!t', h,- never offered to -jive Stanley i-yen um- t- a-j nlul o| milk during the time h- s\ a- '.\ ! th him, and had h- _-i > - n him a m 1 1 1 - -an in- people would h v. t"rn him limb li..m limb. Krum ihi- e\ec--ive nvain' SfMMAKY OF STANI.KYS l>\<< A'KUI KS. ~? t wo/.i, April LM, 1*7 proceed ipiieklv to Ijiji, explore the Tanganyika in hi- boat, and from I'/i^o strike north to the Albert, and if that road be not open, to en.-- t),,. Tanganyika and travel north l>v a circuitous conr-e to effect the exploration of the Albert. The following brief summary of the valuable inlimnatioii acquired by Stanley during this important exploration cannot fail to be of interest to all concerned in the matter of African discoveries. From a ridge near Mtagata Hot Spring, having an altitude of f>,. r )00 fi'et above the' ocean, he obtained a view ot' I t'limbiro mountains, which have a height of about 1*2,000 feet. This group consists of two su^ar loaf cones and a lumpv ma--, and i- situate about forty geographical miles \ve-t-nortli\\e-t from Mtagata, and form a barrier at that spot between Mpororo and Ruanda. The course of all the main riduv- and valleys from Ruanda to the Victoria Xyan/a ajtpear to be ,-outh bv we.-t. l-'rom Alexandria to the Xyassa lake, the central portion of Africa appears to be formed into ridges, deep troughs or ba-in-, or valleys, whose length is from north bv cast to smith bv \\c-t, or from northeast to southwest, and looking at the course ot' the Nile from Lake Albert to Alexandria, the po.-ition of Lak s Albert, Tanganyika, and Xyas>a, as well as the \'ictria lake. following the course of the Mokattcm ranire ot' mountains through Xubia, Abvssinia, (Jalla, Ma-ai and I -a^ara : traeinir the plateau of Masai, I'nyamwe/i, I rori, I bi.-a, south to the Bechuana countrv, and the n^ader will peivei\- t . that the general lay of almost all rivers, lakes, mountain-, ba-in< and plateau- i- from northeasterly to southwesterly. ( m a r--dueed scale i; i- even so with all tin 1 mountain rid^vs and valleys between the I^akes Victoria and Albert. It seems a- it' the thro. Africa suffered during that Li-i'and convulsion which tore her asunder, heaved up these stupendon- rid_'e<. and -link tho-e capacious basins now tilled with len^thv and broad e\pan*-- ervstal-clear water, were keenest and -ev-iv-: aiumt tii--e PKIVATK I.KTTKU FROM STANI.KY. ; fop here the mountains are liigher, the valleys deeper and narrower. From. Mta^ata mountain, while looking toward the I'fum- bin> com-, there wen- vi-ihle three loftv ritlges, separated ly as many hnad valhv-. Fir-t wa- the I-han^o and Mtivari ridge, wt-t of tin- K:IU" ra lake and valley, and we-t of this were twc, rid i;e.-, with th- 1 valKv of Muvari hetween the two ea-ternmo-t and a vall'-v <>f Ruanda Ix-tween the two wc.-tenim-t. Th', two lattt-r rid^o appear to run parallel with eaeh other from ra-t and we. fliw- -otith \>y west iM-twi-en Muvari and Ruanda, and enter- Ahanvaru lake, thirty l>y twenty milts in extent. From Alcanvaru lake i.--ue< Akanyaru river, l>et\veen l'-_ r ufuand Ki-hakka. into the Kap-ra. The Rn^era proper, eo!uiii'_ r iroin the >outhwe-t, al~o (liter- Akanyaru lake, hut leave- the lake -outli of I'^ufu and take- a eurve northeasterly In-tween IV'ifu and \\ t -t'-i'ii I'-ui. \\e-t of Akanyaru he eoiiM \z> -t no eertain intelligence. lie heai'd "f anoth'-i' lar_ r e lake 1\ in_-- \ve-t. hut what connection it h:i- wiih the Ka-jera, or whether it ha- anv, he could not learn deflnit'-Iv. < >ue -aid that it wa- an arm of Ltita N/ii;e or I^tke Al! rt : a:ioth-r .ledari-d it to !> a -ejiarate lake. Th'' following l'tti-r from Stanlev to a gentleman in thi- c'liintrv, wnft'-n in the freedom of per-onal friend-hip, details nr.i!i\ eircum-tanee- of hi- exploring life, \\hich mi'_ r ht IK- con- -idereil U-neatli im-mion in a ne<,\ -paper eorrc>pondene<', hut which an- -Aai'llv th-- lhiir_ r - of int.-n--i \ nm-t ivadiT-. Fvcrv one would like to know all the minutre "f Stanlev'- dailv life. \\ then-fore ;/ivc m hi- o\\n wonl- extract- from tin- plea-ant mi--i\'-, \\hieh hear- in e\-i-rv lm<- the impiv-- .f hi- adventur- oii- eafeer, and '_ r i\- - a plain, familiar -late-incut of hi- -uiToimd- in_r- : M ! . Staid' v write- : '' k n:i|ie!ivi i- a -t ra _' _ r 1 i n _' vil!a;.'e nf mne hut-, twi-ntv or t!iii'\ in iiMMil" r, \\ hi' har- 1'iiilt -:\\> \\hat in I!H f-'rinol a circle, h'd_'''l i-ound !A a f-iic.- ,,(' th"m t v, i-t-d l"t\\e, n up- ri_'lit -tak- -. >]. te!| -l|e|| ;| \|lla_'e ||| \i,ll| I : ! Kl _' I lia t I"! I . a I III ! t!i- n'le .,{ it !,. .|,.tt. d her- nn. I tin-re w ith tin- form- ol kid- STANLEY'S CAMI-I.IKK. 7:57 lings who prank it with tho vivacity of kidliug- uu inanv figure- of men a.s you plea-i for we have manv and voii have the eamp of the Anglo-American expedition commanded bv voiir friend and humble servant. Fn>rn the centre of the camp vmi mav -ee the Lake Victoria, or that portion of it I have called Speko dull', and twenty-live miles di.-tant voii mav .-ee table-topped Magita, the large island of I'kerave, and toward the northwe-t a clear horizon, with nothing between water and .-kv to mar its level. The surface of the lake, which approaches to within one hundred yards of the camp, is much milled just at prc-ent with a northwest breeze, and though tiie.-nn i- glowing hot under the shade it is agreeable enough, >o that uobodv per.- pi res or i- troubled with the heat. You must under.-tand that there i- a vast difference between New York and (Vntral African h<-at. Yours i.s a sweltering heat, begetting languor and thir-t: <>ur- is a dry heat, permitting activity and action without thir-t or perspiration. If we exposed ourselves tu the sun we would li-el quite as though we were being baked. "Come with me to mv lodgings now. I lod^v in a hut but little inferior in -i/.e to the chief's. In it i- -toivd the liiL r u r :i_ r e of the expedition, which tills one-half. It i- about -;\ ton- in weight, and consists of cloth, beads, wire, -hells, ammunition, powder barrel-, portmanteaus, iron trunk-, photographic ap- paratus, scientific iiiMnunent-. pontoon-, section- of' boat, etc., etc. The other half of the hut i.- my -!. pim:. dining and hail room. It is as dark as pitch within, for b^ht cannot p. ]\> \r.i:>- the mud with which the wood work i- liberally daubed. '1 iic floor is of dried mud. thicklv covered with du-t. which bre.-d- fleas and other vermin, to be a plague to me and \ my j r dogs. I have four voiithful Mercuric-. >f i-bon color, a;tcn.i:ng me. who on the march carry my per-onal \\..apon.-ot ..tlln.e. 7vW A' Tot 'NT OF 11ATTI.KS Fofid th'-y not minister to me they know they would have to -ub-i-t on their rations, and black youths have such capacitv of di.-ten-ioti in their stomachs that would shame the \eri.--t glutton in Kurope. It' I have a goat killed for the Kup'pean me, half of it -utliccs for two days for us. \Vhen it be. onie- slightly tainted, mv Mercuries will U-g it and devour it at a single sitting. .Iu-t out-ide the door of my hut are alnuit two do/en of my men, squatted in a circle and stringing beads. A necklace ot' Ix-ads i- each man's daily .-um wherewith to buv food. I have now a little over one hundred and .-ixtv men. Imagine one hundred and -ixtv necklaces given for food each (lav for the la.-t three month- ; in the ag^re^atc, the -um amounts to 1 1,I- oim.l,-, I. T\\ j. v. ma-!'' a , ]. -H, .-..,, i, tlir..ii_'|i ili- i r coiintrv, biirnitej and de-triving '\ - i \ filing u e cam'' ac|-o-. and \\ "ii!d hav<- hi.' everal hundred-. As they came down to attack I ordered the boat to he -ho\vd oft', which was done so rapidly that with the impetus thcv hail given it they were themselves carried into deep water, and only myself in the boat. I had to keep the beach clear of the rascals, and I emptied my elephant rifle, double-barrelled -hot- gun and revolvers at them, while the men -warn with the boat oft' shore in a water infested with crocodiles. .None of us, thank fortune, were injured, but each of' u- had some narrow escape to relate from whixxing spear- and arrows. " Speke, in 1 SO*, came to the sonthwe-t cud of Lake Vic- toria, ajid from a hill near the lake he discovered the va-t b"dv of fresh water. 1 laving ira/ed hi- (ill he returned to Kn^land and was commissioned to find it- outlet. In l^o'l and l V( i'J }.< marched from Xan/ibar to I'^awa, when he -aw the lak<- a_ r ain At the Ripon I-'alls he saw the lake di-ehar-e it-elt' into the A ictoria Nile, and went home a_;'ain. iina^niiiij that he had done his \vork. If hi- work wa- merely to find th-' outlet of' I^ilof Lake Victi^ria, 7-10 AMOUNT OF WOUK DONK. which in realitv art- the Nile's -oimv extreme southern sources I mi-ail. 1 hen Uaki r came t<> ( Vntral Africa and discovered Lake AHicrt. lie vnva^cd -ixtv miles on the lake, ami he ran home al-n without knowing anything of the lake's sources. Burton went to Taraganika, saw it, anent to complete what the>c several traveller- have be^un. \\ bile thev are content with having di-covt-red lake-, 1 inii-i In- emit* nt with exploring these lakes and discovering their soiint -, and unravelling the coni|>lications of iret>;ra pliers at home. O I "Sinei- I li-tt /an/.ibar I have travelled seven huiidrexl and tuintv miles li\ land and one thousand and tour miles (by computation] !>s- water, 'i his in >i\ months is gool work. Over one hundred po-itioi.- -rtthi! bv a>troiiomical observations fi-r \MII niii-t know that lY<>tn tin- verv dav I <^<>{ mv diin- iiii--i(>n 1 strennotihly prepantl te able in complete Sjn-ke, Burton, Baker and Living-tone's labor-, which the\ l.-ft nndnne. It i- a mL'hty \\ alivadv l(ine. Until 1 ean sav 1 have done the half, 1 bid v.ui l'arf\\rll. -II. M. SIAM.KV." Thi- li-tt-r i- in -<'mi' P-|>< <(- tliemo-t interesting of all those whieh tin- public ha\c Ix-i-n -o IMII^ awaiting tn>m hi- pen. In it Siatil'-v niakf- a more coiiden-ed and luetd -talenn'iit uf the n--n!' of hi- gi-ii'^raphical re- -.nvii. - than \\>- ha- given d-euhere a- vet. It i- true, bv i>nc i'f ih"-i- -lip- \\hidi an- pecnliarlv pri'\-"kiiiL r fri'tn their ciinni etiuii \\ it h important matt IT-. Stanley ll.rjr't- \ ]><<> rd in th-- date,,)' lii- 1,-tti-r tin- li-jnri-- f'-r the \-i-ar iin-rdv \\ritm_ p " Mav 1!' and it i- n-'dl--- tn -av that fli. i-.- ar<- M" po-t-o|Vlce -ta!iipiii'_ r - in Atii^a tn -ilpjilv what is iui--inj. Tli' fa--f.- narrated, li'.wver, c. in-t itnte the main tiling. ^t-iidi-% \\-ll -av- that "n-i\\ ^peke'- \\--rk i- d--nc." It \\ill i.b.-p-d tint >p.-ke'- alleged di-cnvcrio ill ls:,s,,|' :l ;!' :il !a!.' ill < ' lit : al \ t'l i' M . \\ ll ie|l he e< ,||je. 1 1 1 red ti l-e J lie H a I ^.nr.i ,.(' r'j. Nile, have been t)|i; -Ilbji-Ct n| Illllch i "lit rnVel'-V, WHAT UKMAI.NH YKT TO AO OMI'I.l-M. 7JJ doubt, and oven of ridicule, for nearly eighteen year-. \'.;> \\ a second visit, by \vhieh Speke saw ili- outlet of th.- lake -already named by him Victoria Nyan/a did but little to strengthen hi-> assertions, because IK- had really done nothing to explore tin- hike, nor did he follow down the outlet in order to e-tab!i-h it*- identity with the Nile. The fir.-t of the-e iv.pii-ite- Stanley ha.- Supplied; he has thoroughly, or with .-ntlicient tln-roii-jlme-., for all practical purposes, explored Victoria Nvan/a, a-c, named it- size and its feeders. It, is thus proved to he a |,odv of water sufficient to l>e the fountain of the Nile, mile it be regarded rather as an enlargement of its main tributary, \\hich come- up from some two thousand miles to the southea-t. If Stanley should never more be heard from, should be pierced by tho.-e savage arrows from which, his deadiv "elephant ritle" has so effeetually protected him hitherto, tin- achievement will forever nink him among the great explorers and di.-eoveivr.- of modern times. He proposes, however, much Lcreater adventures and enterprises. .Besides the Lake Victoria Nvan/.a. there are the Albert Nyanza, the Taraganika (according to the orthography of Stanley's letter to King, but u-uallv written ''Taniranyika"i, and a further series of lakes to the we-tward, di>coverel, and barely discovered, bv Livingstone. All ot' these, and their re- lations to each other and to the Nile, if' they have any, remain to be cleared up, and Stanley is resolved to undertake the her- culean work. With regard to the old and ever new ijue-tion of the Nile, it may be stated that the weight of evidence is now wholly in favor of Victoria Nvan/.a bein^ regarded a- it- main source, although something remains to be done in tr.tc:n^ down the stream uninterruptedly from the lake. 1 he explorations of Albert Nvan/a have confirmed thi- view by -howini: it i not so larire a bodv of water as had been -nppo-eil. and that it has no feeders of consepicnee. Hut the whole .pustion can never be settled till the lake re-i'ii of < Vntral Africa i- thor- oughly explored and mapped out. < >n-- of the e,,n, hiding paragraphs in the letter seems to indicate that Stanley !! pro- tract his stav in Africa beyond the time originally intended. His theory has alwav- been that a whit.- man may :?h im- punitv attempt African exploration it' h- doe- not -ray t"o long at a time in the country. F^r in.-tancc. he wa- wont t" -ay that 742 TIIK HKAl) STUKAM OF THK MI.K. at (ho Mid of two years a man must go home anil get revitalizul. He was inclined to U-lieve that Livingstone had much injured his |MWCI> for go4>d work by remaining too long in Africa. Yet now In- himself evidently contemplates remaining mueh more than two vears, and doing a v;t-t amount of work which lie had ii(t originally intended. From hi.- researches in that great tract of count rv lying l)e- tween the I>akes AlU-rt ami Victoria, it is itself u country of manv l>cautiful lakes and of lofty mountains, fertile valleys and plains, inhabited lv warlike tribe.-, of .-avagcs, through who-e dominions there is no pax-age to the intruding stranger, except at the head of a jK>werful armed force. In e.-talili.-hing the fact that Livingstone's interior sy-U-m of lake- and rivers doc- not belong to the Nile basin, hut is drained into the Atlantic, Stanley is of opinion that, in the Shinieevu river, ri-iii'j below tin- fourth degree of .-outh latitude, after a cour-e ot'over four hundred mile-, northward, i.- di-charged into the X'ictoria Like, \\. hav-- tin- i:i:.\i. m:.u> >TI:F.AM OF TIIK XII.E. It this were a -mall .-tivam it might verv jirojH-rlv be re- jected, and tin' X'ictoria lake would ! pn>noiince in length, at lea-t five hundred, it nm-t U 1 recogni/ed, and hence its di-coverv and a>-timption of being the head -trcam of the Nile In-long-, t.i Stanlcv. a-iii, tin 1 drainage of Lake Albert, \\illi the i \ci-ptj. di of ill.- v-'lume from the X i< t'-ria, i- eomjarativelv I imiti-il, though it do< - receive the e ml ri I ml ions of mini' j-oii- ton. n;~ !rni the bord< ring ratine "I mountain- on the \\( -t, ri-ing at -everal point- loan altitude of from x.'MH) V< I"," 1 ' Meet above the -ea. About a \\eek afi. r Manle\ had ! -ji.tieh. d hi- la-t Liter from \\liiih v, e have .ji|ot..| a- al>"\e. < 'oL'in'1 (iorilon. >ir Samuel li.il.i r'- -uee.--i.j-, \\iot. fi-oin l\eni. near tin northern Mid of (I,.- Ail'Mt !aLe, -t.ltillg that M. hundnd and loitv nnL- L-n- b\ li'J \ bro.id. 'I ii- ; \\.i- no THK OCTLKT OF I.AKi: A I. !5i:nT. TJ.'J tributary of any imjxjrtancp, and no harlmr on tin- western hide, which is formed ly mountains descending abruptly to tin* river. The southern part is very shallow, and fringeil \viili marshes and forests. Their mo-t singular disnverv, however, was that the lake had two outlets to the north, one being the White Nile, and the other the river which flowed awav to the northwest. Colonel Gordon conjectured that the latter mav again unite with the Nile a considerable distance, to the north- ward. He announced that his steamer was nearly completed, and that he would soon be able to undertake a more thorough voyage of exploration. At the date of the last letter received from Stanley the 'Jhh of April, 1ahr-el-Gha/al, i- a (|iie-tiou -till to he -ettlcd. I; seems very probable that the two outlet- of' the Albert lake are the two arms of the I'pper Nile; but the fact remain- to bo established. From I'ji'ii, the a. ociation- connected \\ith hi- oM friend, Livingstone, and of his untimVhed work. th>' 741 THE IDENTITY OF THE M'ALABA. problem of tin- destination of th- great interior river, the Lnu- lala, wliieh Livingstone wa- pursuing when overtaken bv death, inav inlln< nee Stanlev to move we-tward for tlie pur|H>.c nt' oiiee t-r a!! -ettling tliat o^ie-timi. It may be, however, that hi- o\\ n niea.-uivnn -nt.- of the alt it inlo of Lake Tanganyika have already eouvinei-d him that thai great interior basin docs ii"! belong to the drainage .l the Nile. lieutenant ( 'aim -ron, from his Direful oh-ervation.-. has>ettlen ; but he has Jin:, troni following the .-in-aiu, e.-tab- li-li'-d the faet that tin- Lnalaba i> tin- ( 'on^o. 1 'hi.- is his ri.nrlu-!"!!, fpiin the a-e rlaiiH <1 levt-l a! H i\ < t h<- M-a ot' t he ri Ver, !>nt it n. av In 1 di-eharietl int'i -onie interior lake that has no uiti'-t, or it may pa-- into the Atlantic through a ehannel of it* n\\ ii nurth "t tin- < 'niiu:'. Mii'-h \-t ivMiain- unknown a< to the river.-, vallevs, lake<, niMliiitriiu-, cliinalr ai:d |> 'pl- of' lai'^e seetimi- "i" the ^I'cat Nil.- ba-ii:, v.lii<-li rinlirac'- the Shinieevu river, tin- Yirt>ria and . \li-r: !ak<--, the Uahr - l-< i ha/al, \\ith it- inline! mi- t ribu- tai i--- i':i tic- \\i--t -id--. :: ;id tin- A-hiia. the S..bat. tin- Ulue Nile and tlir Atbara r Ulack ri\-r on tin- ea-t -idc. l-'mni all th--r -! i n--- tin- draina^i- l the rainle. \all< v <.f the I'._ r \ pi tan 1'iy-T. N- \t. "II tin- i-a-t -ide nf the Nile, between t he third decree -nth ia;i;ud'- and the I- n:h d u r i' ( ii"i'th latitude, i:. \\i- din-e- ti'.n. and i:i tl,-- other, l>ef\\en the Nile a. id the ehain of iiioiiniaiii- -'.hi -h. a hundreil mile- or mop- IP.;., ],,- ..MM, runs ni'-tl\ . -oni- etnra!. and lar-_-. blank- :in- 1. ft ( b. lili-d bvthe f'ltnr- i\p!ori-r. \\ h". '\illiin tlii- \.-i-t di-lri't. \M- ha\e no d-.nb: -. ill Ix r- \\arded i>r hi- lal-or- b\ tin- ni"-t important (I i-, . ,\ , ri' -. \\",'l> ^!-m!-\'- a'lditi'.n "t" t!i-- >!iim..\n. th-- Nile i- no\v THK OLHKST itiVKit IN TIN: woiu.it 71", It drains a hits in which, south of Kgypt, is equal t<> th.- -..pport of 100,000,000 of people, from its wonderful eapacitie- in tin- prod net ion of cotton, rice, sugar, Indian corn, elephant- ami cattle, to say nothing of the inexhaustible .supply of fish in tin- main river and its tributary lakes and streams. The Kgyptian Nile, with its amazing monuments of the olde.t civilization of the human world, is, next to the Knphrate-, the oldest of all the great rivers of historv, while bevond lv_ r vpt, still in its primitive barbarism, but ju.-t disdo-cd to tin- out- side world, the Nile is the newest of all the great river- of tin- earth ; and in the peculiarities of its ba-in, its -onrco, it- climate, its savage tribes, its ancient monuments, IN fruitful vallevs and howling deserts, in its constant equatorial -tn-am, and in its annual Egyptian inundation from Aby-sinia, it i- the most wonderful river of them all. No one of the many gallant explorers who have followed in the footsteps of the veteran pioneer, Livingstone, ha- done mop- toward disclosing the interesting secrets of that mv.-terioii- land which have so long baflled the resources of science than Stanley. He has left nothing to imagination in the valuable survcvs hhow at what terribK' risk. The qualities required to pursue the service of science in th>,' face of such obstacles as beset Stan lev'.- path a1v, a- we have before said, rarely met with, combined, in one man. ^ hat h-- achieved was won amid dangers and difficulties of no ordinary kind. No obstacles, not even death and di.-ease thinning '!''' number of his faithful band of followers, seem to have dampen, d ;h< aplo;- of his /eal, and he is even at this moment -til! pu-hir.:: on. will: unabated vit^or and with his whole heart -et upon ti plishment of the object of his mi-.-ion, a- though it \- he had resolved that, when hi- labors are over. th-Te - more mysteries iu Central Africa left for any future explorer to solve. CHAPTER XL. THE announcement that Henry M. Stanley lias, after months of painful suspense, during which t!ie Bravest fears have been entertained for his safetv, achieved a splendid feat of geograph- ical exploration, and has crossed Africa from Hast to \\ c-t, has produced an immense sensation in this country as well a* in Kurope. He has succeeded in solving the great Coup) problem. Where other travellers only sj>eeulated on the prob- able identity of the Lualaha with the Congo, Stanley has put the matter levoiid all po^-iblc doubt ly following the river through it.- cour-e down toward- the Atlantic. To his deeds i if discovery on the Nvau/a and Tanganyika, \\ Inch we have a'.readv recounted, Staulev ha-, liv hi- nio.-t recent discoveries, added a fre-h and incoinparaMe triumph which will forev-r link hi.- name with the hi-tory >f the continent that hi- ir- re>i-til)le xeal has done -o much to open up to civilization. The di-enverv of' the identitv of' the Lualalia ami ('011-40 river-, a problem which > ( > lon^ vexed Living-tone and which ('ainer-'ii wa- compelled to abandon, rnoilities all our concep- tion-, of African ge arrival on the we-t c..a-t of' Africa wa- hail-d \\ith the utmo-t enthu-ia-m in Kn^land, \\hii-h not ev.-n the hori'il'le t'a.-ei na- tion ot the \\ar now wa'/inij; in KUI'OJM- coiihl dampen. A- -.>!! a- A-_ r ne- Li\-iiiL r -'"Ue llriice. tin- daughter of I *r. LiviiiL r - -!o||e liejird the Mitel 11". Mr.- -hr t< le-T:i| ihei 1 fVoIII I/'llll.lll 1 \ "aii , IP ar Ivlinliurjh, uli-r- -hi- n -id- -. to th. \e\\ V..rl x // -"/'' and London '/',/. >jr"j, h, nnd- r \\ho-rau-picothi" late-t a- hieveni'-nt ha- been i;ain d : " M\ h- art i- lill-d \\ith d--- li_'ht and gratitude that Manl-v i- -at--, and that he ha--"!vd ili-- ( 'on.'o probli-m." Should Staidi v v r niich i^ngland, h- will rn-i-ive -ueh a \\-l-. .mi ;i- |>riti-h heart.- will be -ure. EXPLORATION' OF THK KAGKKUA. 717 to give to one of the most successful pioneers of geographical science, and every honor that can he eonti rred will ho showered upon hiin. In our 1:1:4 chapter on the exploration of Stanley, at hottotn of page 812, \ve left him at t'bagwe, ii Western t'ny:irn\vi-/i, where In: was encamped, April 21th, 1*7<). He then pn>po-ed to proceed with all possible despatch to I "jiji, explore tin- Tan- ganyika in his boat, and from I /igo Mrike north to the Alhert ; and if he era, which flows into the Victoria Xvan/a from the southwest, Stanlev -tarted by a southerly route for T'jiji, the place forever memorable as being where he first met Livingstone. In the course of this journev he discovered Lake ^ indermere, an enlargement of the Kageera, and also another large body of water to which he gave the name of Kageera Lake. lie had intended extending his exploration of th" I\agei ra, and its wonderful valley, but the native- of th" tv--i.ni called the Warundi xvere so ferocious and so hostile, that he and his partv were actually reduced to the very verm- ot' -tarvatiou. He was, therefore, most reluctantly compelled to abandon, f-r a time, his efforts to reach the .-"titheni end !' Lake A:i"Tt Xyanxa ; and pur.-::ing hi- cour-e toward- I j:ji, [, . d into the country of rnyamue/i. A :'t- r traver-i;iu r it- ridL r e-br..ken exjianse, and meeting with many ob-;:ic!i s and penlou- adven- tures, he finally reached his de-tination in .-afety. Here he fitted together and launched hi- exjil. I.ady Alice, in which he had already rendered vice to the cause of geographical science on Lake \ ;. torn Xvanxa, and commenced hi- turviy >! Luke 1 anganyika. 74S MSCOVKKY OF " 1JUKTOX CJTI.F." Starting lV>m I "jiji, he made a complete circumnavigation of the lake, ami verified many ol>servations of that portion which lie haide. He co;i-i,li-r- tlii- river of va-t importance, a- one of the prin- cipal f< ' -d' r- of this 'jn-at lake. He conipar-- the Shimecyu river, \\hieh tlow- into the X'ietoria N\an/a from the va-t -\varnpv !' ji'-n -"iith' a-t of the lake, through \vhie!i our reader- mav reniemli' r he lir-t approaclml it- -h-'i-e-, to the ri\er 'I'hani'- in point of -i/e, lint e-ti:nate- the K:\'_ r 'era river to lie c.jual to ?!: Tiiarne- and S^vtrn ri\~er- comhiiied, from which oiii'- :d- a of' i;- ilimeii-ioii- niav ! gained. 'I'!,-- p'iritv and e.!.. r ..f the water of Ka'_'ei-ra. Stanley j. f,f opinio.i, i:."!ieate tiiat it ri-e- tither fir to the \\.-t\\ard of I . 'l:i!:_-an\ ika. or that it- coiir-c mn-t !" mtcrrnpted }: a l.i!,e. \\h-re it- \\atej-- are |>uritied a- in a u'l'eat -ettlir- I, ..-in. Ill il.. e\i-|e] of -l|eh a lake StallleV fllllv I - . !, and that it wa- -.tie of , -on-id- ral ! \tent. He furtl.. r - r!:af the L'jNptiaii \:!e i- t!ie i--t|e of' the iinitid lllle a:,'l \\'h;!e Nil--, the forni-r tl"\-, in_' fVoiu the montitainosis j-'-.ion- of .\l.v--in:a. and the l.itt-r I'roin the t-juat-rial lake LATKKT XF.WS I-'UOM STAM.KV. 7J') system. The White Xile lio (hinks is the iVw? O f Lako Albert Xyan/a, which derives its waters from the vsiM water Innd that ini mod lately surrounds it. Tin- Victoria Nile is the issue of Lake Victoria N van/a, which is fed lv numcr<>iH rivers, such as the Shimeeyu, the I>imia, the Kuana. '1 he Kagecra or Lower Alexandra Nile (so named br Stanlcv in honor of the Princess of Wales) issues from Alexandra !al%e, which latter body of water is fed from sources which Staii!-v had not then explored. The last letter from Stanley, dated August l.".;h, reported :m outbreak of small-pox and lever in the district. This visitation obliged him to make preparations for an immediate! departure from I'jiji. His intention then was to cross the coiintvv to Nyan/a, westward of the northern end of Lak*e Tanganvika, and on the Lnalaba river. It had l>ecn several months since this last letter reached this countrv, and the abs< -nee of anv intelligence from Stanley, coupled with the somewhat critical condition in which he was placed when he last wrote, had caused much apprehension as to his fate. (Jreat, thereti>re, was the rejoicing when, a lew weeks ago, the news reached u- that he had made his appearance on tin 1 west coast of Africa, alter a most toilsome and dangerous journey across the continent, along the line of the Lnalaba and ( 'otigo rivers, Ili- latist letters are dated from Embowa, on the Atlantic coast, August 10th, 1S77, where he arrived on Augu.-t Sth, with only 11.", survivors out of 350 men who left Zanzibar with him in November, 1874. The history of this his latest triumph and suce. f'til though hazardous journey, is full of interest and excitement. ( "in- j>elled to leave Vjiji, as before said, bv an outbreak of sir.:: ])ox and fever in the district, he and his followers pushed way along the right bank of the Lnalaba to the N\an^\\e. This was the most northerly point reached by Cameron, M hen he attempted to solve the mystery of the < "mi^o and it- identiry with the main drainage line of the Lualaba ba-in. The partv travelled overland through 1 re^^a, and aft. r an arduous march of many days through a country filled with many difficulties, being compelled to transport t very pound f supplies of all kinds on the shoulders uf his men, and even to 44 7-Vl ATTACK KI> RY CANMIIAI.S. carry along in a similar manner the exploring boat, the I^aily Alice, in sections, Stanley at last found himself brought to n stand.-till, further progress Wing renuing to the extreme density of the forests. He then erossnl nver t<> the left bank, and continued his journev, passing through northeast l"sku-a, but lure the difficulties were -eareely less than those encountered on the other side. The jungles were still so dense and the fatigues of. the march owing to the obstacles to IK- overcome so harassing, that it sevmed irn- jMtssihle to break through the tremendous Iwirrier of the forest. The h'>rr>rs of hi- ]Nition were still further augmented by the party U-ing oppo-ed at every step by the hostile cannibal -avage- who fillen of the fighting, which was kept up, dav and night, anv attempt at camping mcrelv having the ell'ect it' concentrating the enemy, and of rendering their lire more deadlv. Tin- march wa- a -ucee--ioii <-f charges in rude skir- mishing order, bv an advance guard cngagi-d in clearing the road liif the mam Ixnlv, while a rear guard in like manner cov- red the retreat. In lad, the pi-n^n-.- ..fthe partv .-<'on Ix-eame alni"-t a h'pele>s ta-k. '! increa.-e st ill further hi- troubles and render hi- po-ition min- dejilanic-stricken bv tin- t--rrnr- of th<- fore-t, and the fatal :"!' !- of the fijhtiir_'. that tin v lirmlv \ li- -ved th'- niire jiartv '-..[ d'Hiiiud IM d-'-rrueriiiii. N.I .-... .ner .lid tlie hi-tile -avagcx ',...,(111- av/afi-nf tin d''|ieti.in ..t' th. -e jM.rier-, and that the rank- of Stanl* v'- part',- had b> n " matcriallv thinind, t hail !iiv mad< a -jrand !,::!.'.- nj'"M tli'-m. expecting ti completely 'i u-li ih m. 1'iiit Stanl-'V .'I'-j iiv. d a d. i"jn-ratc r.-i-tanee, and aft. r a -' \vp-and \>\ K -ti u _'_!> -u< ' - di d in ilriving tlu-in ofT PASSA(SK OF Till: CATAKA'TH. 7.")1 for a short time, sufficient to allow him to adopt measures for an escape from (heir critical situation. There was only one way of ex-ape, ami (hat was to take to the river. With the Lady Alice a- a la.-t reliance, and good canoes for the party, Stanley thought they would have a inneh better chance to elude their savage lbc<, and to make .-nine advance toward their destination. Although Stanley found that he had now a decided advan- tage, still each day's progress was hut a repetition of the pre- vious day's struggle. The fighting continued to be as de-j>eratc as ever while pushing down the river, and before manv davc he encountered a fresh and mo-t formidable obstacle in finding the river interrupted bv a series of great ca'.aracts not far apart, and just north and south of the ujtiator. In order to pa these, the expedition was compelled to cut a road through thir- teen miles of dense forest, and to drag the canoes and the Lady Alice overland. This enormous labor entailed the most ex- hausting efforts, and the men had frequently to lay down the ax and drag-ropes, and sei/e their rifles to defend themselves against the furious onslaught of their savage enemy, who .-till relentlessly pursued them. At last the passage of the cataract was accomplished, and tin- party again embarked on the river, enjoying a long breathing pause and comparative security from attack. Notwithstanding the incessant fighting which he had to ^o through, Stanley still lost no opportunity of noting the inter. -t- ing changes and physical characteristics of the route, .-o ei.ol and self-possessed was he under difficulties which would have daunted most men. At two degrees of north latitude he note- that the course of the Lualaba swerved from its almo.-t northerlv course to the northwestward, to the westwird, and then to the south west ward, developing into a broad -nvam. varying in width from two to ten miles, and studded with i-'.ands. To avoid their savage eiiemv, who were still on their track, Stanley's little fleet pas>ed between the.-e i.-Iands, taking advan- tage of the cover. In this way thev succeed- 'd in making a progress ,,f many miles without being molested, but being cut otV from supplies in the middle of this great river, they were threatened with .-tarva- 7-V2 ARRIVAL AT THE ATLANTIC COAST. tion. For three whole days they were absolutely without food of any kiiul : and at last driven desperate, Stanley determined to make for the mainland, preferring to die at the hands of the eneinv, if need I*', rather than from hunger on the rivrr. Hy the singular ;ood fortune which seems to have always attended him, thev found a triln- of natives who were acquainted with trade, and who were willing to sell the provisions so sorely needed. At thi< point the river was called "Ikuta ya Congo," and thereafter the name " Lualaba" disappeared, In-injr replaced a- tin- river npproaehetl the Atlantic by the name " Kwanjro" anil " Zoure." I{e-ted and refreshed, Stanley pursued hi< journey, following th- It-ft bank of the river, but in three days after leaving the fri'-ndlv village he found himself in the country of a powerful frilx- whose warriors were armed with muskets, and \\lio uted his pa--a;_ r e, refusinir all attempt- at conciliation. Here, for the fir-t time -iuee leaviiiLT Nyangwe, Stanlev (i>und him-elf o]ijn.eil to an eneinv of eriual finjting as to :rm~. Ni Miner was }\\* approach (liseovere*! than the eneinv mamieil li ft v-four canoes nii'l |nit oil' from the bank of the river to attack him. For twelve miles down the river the battle raided, and though the e \jied it ion crime out of the con M id with c tin paratively small lo-s, i-ou-ideriivj the M-veritv of tin- combat, it \\a- an e-cape nit her than a victorv. '\'\\\-~ was the la.-t save one of thirty-two attack-; mad'' upon Staidev's partv after leaving Nyanirwe. Aft'-r twice narrowlv cM-jj)injr drowniti'j in t!i'- falls of the ( 'o!i_'o, Stanlev at la-t rea'-h'-d Kmlxiwa, ( 'oirjo river, ou thf Atlantic coast, on Au/u-? s th. 1 S 77. Tli'' Lualaba or ' '"ii-jo, a- it run- through the -jr-at ba-'in v. !ii'-h li-- b-t\vc.-n I 'I aii'l 17 ea-t lon^itU'h', ha- an unintcr- PM |i?'--l coiir-c of over 7 ( i' > mill -, \\ it !i 1 1 ia L-ni tic,- nt a lib lent-, e-|-- ci illv on the -oiitheni -id''. Tli'-nc. , cl.Mi'in- t!i'- l'i-oa'1 \\l of mountain^ between th.- -jr-at ba-in of tli-- Atlantic ', and forms part of that wonderful lake-system in Central Africa which has been the subject of so much discussion and so many different theories among the explorers of Africa. The name Tanganyika means "the mixing place," being derived from Ku-tanyanyu, " to mix or shuttle.'' The laet that Cameron found no less than ninetv-six rivers, be-ides torrents and springs, flowing into the portion of the lake that he surveyed, proves this name to be well deserved. On the 18th of February, 1874, just fifteen years and five days from the time that Burton discovered it, Cameron, after a long and arduous journey, first cast his eyes on the va.-t Tan- ganvika Lake. At first he could barelv reali/e it. Lving at the bottom of a steep descent was what seemed to him a bright blue patch about a mile long, then some tree.-, and hevond them a great gray expanse, having the appearance of sky with floating clouds. "That the lake?" he exclaimed in di.-dain, looking at the small blue patch below him. "Nonsense!" " It is the lake," his men persisted in saying. It then dawned upon him that the va.-t gray expanse was the Tanganyika, and that which he had suppo.-ed to be cloud was the distant mountains of I gonia; whil.-t the blue patch was only an inlet lighted up bv a passing rav of sun. Hurrying down the descent, and across the flat at the bottom, which was covered with cane-grass and intersected by path-, made by hippopotami, he reached the >hore, and wa- -mm pulled across in boats to ICawele, or Ujiji, as it is called. <>f which we have all heard and read so much in Stanley'.-; despatches. 7"4 THK N.\TIVF> OF UJIJI. Here the x-ene was grand. To the \vest wore the gigantic mountains of l"g""ia, while on the e:istern shore was a dense growth of i-aw-gra.-s of a bright grim. Occasional ojH'ii spaces di-cloM-d vellow .-andv Ix-achcs, and bright nil miniature dill's with pal ill-tree?; and villages clo.-e to the water's edge. Numerous cano*.--, moving alxait, and gulls and darters, gave life to the .-rene; and di-tant floating inlands of gnus* had very much the appearance of lx>ats under s:.il. The native- of Ijiji aiv rather a fine-looking race, but have (he reputation of being a verv drunken and thieving lot. Thev are good .-m it Its and porters, expert fishermen and eanoe-men. Their dre-s usually COIIMM- of a single piece of bark cloth, with two corners tied in a knot over one shoulder, and passing under tin- opposite armpit. It i- often dved in Mrij>cs and .-pot- of blaek ami vellow, and cut to imitate 1 the -hajn- of a leopard'- .-kin. It h-avi-s one -Mr of the bodv perfectly naktd, and in a brci-/c llap.- about in Mich a manner that it barely sati-fies the commone-t n <|iiirem. ut- ofdeceiicv. Their -j>e<-i;il ornament.- are made of beautifully white and wonderfullv poli-lnd hippo]>otamtH i\'i>r\'. In shajn. 1 and -ir.e thcv repre-i nt the bladi' of' ;i fickle, and are worn hung around the neek. Thev a!-o wear a profu-ioii "f -ambu, small bells, and \\ire bran-let.-. 'I he men usuallv carrv a -pear. Their hair i- elippecl an. or round jiatehe- -ha\-eii in the centre of the n-own of the head ; and, in short, verv eoiiivivable \'aL r arv in shaving in l:ine\ dcvici-j*. It \\a> witli the ^i\-a!e-t dillieiiltv that <'ameralit\' TIN: PKICK OF SLAVICS. ,.,.. Every cape they passed was supposed by the .-uperstitious boatmen to IK; the alxwle of some devil. One, the lias Kobojo, a kind of a double cape, was. said by them to In: the residence of a devil and his \vifr; one eape l>fing inhabited l>y the male, and the oilier by the female devil, and therel'ore r-upposcd to b<; doubly dangerous. Neither the he nor the she devil were visible, but the pilot.- stood together in the bow of the boat to make an oilering to these evil spirits. ( )ne held out a paddle, mi the blade of which a few eomtnon beads had been plaeed, and both said together, as nearlv as it can be translated, " You big man, you big devil, you great king, you take all men, you kill all men, you now let us go all right." And after a good deal of bowing and gesticulation, the beads were dropped into the water, and the dread evil spirits propitiated. Nine davs after starting they rounded lias Kungwc, and entered on a part of the lake which had hitherto never been explored, or even been seen by any white man. lias Kungwe is situated near the narrowest part of the lake, here only fifteen miles across; and after rounding that point, thev passed under enormous hills clothed with trees, and having ervstal torrents and waterfalls dashing down their sides. Patches of corn amongst the jungle denoted the haunts of wretched fugitive's from the slave-hunters. These poor crea- tures were doomed to a miserable existence, owing to the few strong villages hunting down their weaker neighbors, to ex- change them with traders from I'jiji for food, which tiiev are too laxy to produce tor themselves. The price of a .-lave wa.- from four to six doti, or two goat.-. The mountains continued to overhang the lake for .-ome wav to the south, then receding from the shore allow x-eondarv lines of smaller gras-v and woodv hills to H-r between thfiu and it. Skirting alon^ the shore, thev passed elo-e under nearly vertical eliil'- of sand-tone a:id black marble. Mn-aked with white; and after a time a great patch of what, tnnn the appearance of the clearaire, Cameron believed to be coal. From specimens obtained afterwards, it was undoubtedly a light bituminous coal ; the thickne.-s of the principal s-am, which lay on the top of .-vnelinal ciirvt s of r<.ck, \\a- beiwe^n fifteen and eiirhteen feet. 7"Hl KX< HOACHMKNT <>K Till: LAKE. At the month of thr river Musaimvira which drains tlic Likwa into the Tanganyika is a group of sandy gru&i-covered i-land-, which only a few years ago had been part of a large cultivated ami inhabited plain, tho .-tumps of' trees ami silos of old villages still l>oing visible. According to the aei-ounUs given C'anitTon bv the natives, the lake is constantly encroach- ing upon its shores, and increasing in .-i/.c. Kven at I jiji, .-ino- JiurtoM was there, onlv lift em vi-ars before Cameron, a .-trip of more than six hundred vards had been \va.-hed away tor a distance of three n- rivi r- flowing into the lake, more like tli"-- of the Mi>.-iippi than ihe ordinarv ma--e- of floating vegetation; and one, about a ipiarter of a mile in diameter, had * "Ille ^Iliall t Tec- oil It. At lla- Katanki the <:\-l ant -hore> i>f the lake close in, and this, Cameron think-, is the narrowing of Living-tune's Lake Lieruha. Here the hillr- overhang the lake, and naviga- tion i~ rendered verv dangerous, owing to the nunii>er of pinnaele-i and niher n !<.-, .-ome l.einu'- onlv a t",.t m- two U'low the -nrlaee i pt the wafer. l'a--in_r lvha> ('haknol:i mi April ,'ih, the rivi-r ('haknola v.a- reached, and the Makakoimi I-!and-, \\hi--h, ao'onling to (lie '_'iii.i -. had li'-en once pail of the mainland, even \\ithin their nwii remi'inhranii'. At Ilha- Makiirungwe, Hiiue remarkable ma--e-. ut granite wi-fe -eeu, t \\ 1 1 in parlieiilar t'\\enn^ up above ihe \-< ~-\ in a hei_'ht ut' -A'ehtv ir ei-^hf v t'-ef. like a pair")' ^ianf brotln-rs; and hii_ r e bltiek- \\ere -lp-\\n al"'iit in the \\ilc|r-t ciinlii-ion. 'I !n- native- In re met \\ith \\.i-e el.. thed iii -kin-, bark elntli. or ti-ft'-n "I their .pun maiiulaeliire, their dp-- bein^ -u-peiided ('i:jd their \vai-t bv P>pe a- thiek a- the littl.- (in-.-i, bound i.-.rl\ \\jth bra-- \\ii~e. Th'-ir hair ua- anin1ed \\ith "il in PUIMIT1VK MOUK OF 8P1NMXG < OTTO.V. 7o7 Maknkira, a village on n river of tlie same name, which was next reached, was a large place with a ditch run ml it, and a stockade banked nj> on the outside. The chief, who received Cameron, was rather a formidable-looking personage. He was profusely greased, had a patch of lampblack on his chest and forehead, and wore a tiara of leopard-claws with the roots dyed red, and behind it a tuft of coarse whitish hair. A pair of leopard-nkin aprons, a few circles of yellow grass below his knees, a ring of sofi on each ankle, and a fly-flapper witli the handle covered with beads, completed his attire. At a village further on, Miki.sungi, the native proee.-s of spinning cotton was witnessed, and deserves a brief description. An old chief, named Mpara (iwina, was bti-y spinning with another man, while their wives and daughters sat near picking the seeds out of freshly gathered pods. The, fibre was laid in heaps by the side of the chief and his friend, who, spindle in hand, were making it into yarn. The wooden spindles were about fourteen inches long, and half an inch in diameter, with a piece of curved wood as a weight, half an inch from the top, where a small wire hook was fixed. The cotton was first worked between the forefinger and thumb into a rough tape about half a vard long, and then hooked to the spindle, which was rolled along the right thigh to give it a rapid spinning motion. The yarn was held in the left hand the spindle hanging from it and the right forefinger and thumb were nsed to prevent anv irregularities in the size of the thread. As soon as a length was spun, it was unhooked and wound around the spindle, and more cotton was prepared, hooked on, and spun in the same manner. The yarn turned out bv these means, though coarse, i- fairlv strong and wonderfullv regular in si/e. It is afterwards wound on sticks about four feet long, used a.- shuttles in weaving. Tlu* profile of the natives here was good, their no-es beitiLT Roman. The head- of moi-t of them wen 1 eompletelv covered with pipe-stem beads, each .-trung on a M-parate tuft of hair, an arrangement which must be uncomfortable, and i- not at all prepossessing, having too much the appearance of -eules. Those who cannot afford bead- imitate the fashion bv making 7.">S lKl'AKTrUK FROM fJIJI. their wool into Mobs, and gro:i-:i:g it until one couKl uot detect the separate fibres. Ix-aving Mikisungi on April loth, and pacing the rivers Mundewli and Muomesa, and the villages of Kasaiigalowa ami Mambcna, they U-gan to lo.-c sight of the land of rorks. On the ont-idc of I'olnngo Inland were enormous ma.es, scattered and piled in the mo-t fantastic manner, vast overhanging block-, rock ing-stones, obeli.-ks, pyramids, and everv form imaginable. The whole w a.- overgrown with trees jutting out from every crevice where .-oil had lodged, and from them hung envj>er* fiftv and sixtv f''t Ion::, \\hile through this fringe eonld lx* got (M-ctL-ioiial u r limp<-- of hollows and caves. Tht-v had now \vrv m-arlv n-arht-d tin- extreme southern ;lid of the lake, which tln-v -ucccrdid in doiji^ on April IStll, ju-t one month and fiv- da\ - al'd-r -tarlinj from 1 jiji. ( )n the following dav tln-v rro--<-d the lake and l-gan work- ing northward, along the oppo-ite .-hoiv, .ni their way Iwiek to I'jiji. \\hich latter p!ac.- th'-v r<:ti-!i--l on Mav Hlh. Here lie remain' d until Mav Ll'Jd K.'i'ore IP- eonld make a move, o \vin-j: partlv to .-icktie-s and partly to a protracted drunken or^i- of hi- native lollower-, \vho er!el>rated their la-t dav- at I jiji in thi- stvle. At Nvan^we, ( 'ameron's exjn-eta- tion- and hope- \\- re rai-ed to the hi^he-t pitch of hein^ r al>!(! t" '_ r '-t l>oat.- and tloat do\vn the then unknown watei> of the K oni:o Kiver to tin- \\e-t ('ur -]>:i' <\i>--~ \\l permit u- to t_ r ive a:i%' ih-'ail- of thi- juni' \ , \\'hi h i- lull of int> \->-\. 1'iit a li-\v v.,,1,1- r-^:irdin_' tin- conntrv l' Manviit-ma, through which he p 4 --''l, til' p up!.- of \\lllcll diflefetl -i milch 111 "\i-rv re-peet jV"!u an\' tli it h- had pr \ i"ii-l\ --i n, luav ! o( int. r. -t to our P.'id.-r-.' Tii' -tpet- i.t' tli wide nml reaching to their knees. They carried a single heavy spear, and a small knife with which to eat their food. Tin- heads of the males were generally phistered with Hay, so worked in with the hair a.s to form cones and plates. JJetwccn the clay patches the sculp was shaven perfectly bare. The women had good figures, and were better- look ing than any formerly met with. Their dress was particularly simple, consisting only of a cord round the waist, and two small gra>s cloth aprons. The front one was about the size of a half sheet of ordinary note paper, and that at the back just a triile larger. Notwithstanding their extremely small dimensions, these aprons were often elaborately stitched and ornamented with beads and cowries; and when the women went working in the fields or fishing in the stream, they took oil' these gay clothes for fear of spoiling them, and replaced them with a small bunch of leaves. Cameron's long cherished idea of tracing the Congo to its mouth had to be abandoned after all, in spite of the most persevering and energetic efforts on his part to carrv it out. It wa^ left for Stanley to solve this Congo problem, as we have shown in a previous part of this chapter. In conclusion, we may add a lew words as to the state of trade and communication in Africa, and the future of this v:i>t continent. Enough has been discovered and reported by explorers. Cameron and others, to prove the existence of incalculable wealth in tropical Africa, and the question now before the civili/ed world is, how the vast latent resources of the countrv can be developed, and how that blot on the boasted civilization of the nineteenth century, "the cursed slave-trade," can be removed. Slaves, ivory, beeswax and India rubber, are now the only articles exported from either coast, with the exception of a small and local trade in gum-copal and grain. Of these, slaves and ivorv occnpv such a very prominent position that it would be hardlv worth while mentioning the other articles were it not that the fact of there being a trade in them proves that commerce in other articles, besides ivory and slaves, might be made profitable. Ivorv is not likelv to last for very long as one of the main 700 FUTTKE OF AKHICA. from Africa; for the ruthless manner iu which tlie elephant*; are destroyed has already begun to show its results. Fortunately tin- vegetable and mineral products of this remark- able land are ctjual in variety, value, and quantity to thu-e of the mo-t favored portions of the globe; and there will l>e no dinienlty in finding other lucrative >our-es of trade whieh may ivphuv that in ivory and .-laves. Among some of the products whieh may form valuable article> of trad<-, and which are abundant in different set-lions of the continent, may IK- enumerated sugar-i-me, c-otlon, oil- palm-, coffee, toluuvo, ca-t<>r-oil plant, nutmeg-, Jwpper, rice, wheat, Indian corn. India rnll>er, copal, hemp, and beeswax. Among minerals arc iron, coal, copper, gold, silver, cinnabar, and -alt. The {.Tent question, a- we have .slid, is whether the -l;tvc trade in Afi i<-.i, \\ hich can-is, at the lowest estimate, an annual lo-s of over half a million live*, according to Cameron, i- to in; permitted to continue. All tlio-e \\lio are int- re-ted in -cieiitifu- rt>eaivh .-honld unite in a .-v.-iem uf *v-ti-mati<- exploration, and a- trade is OJH-IH d ii[> and advance*, into the interior, hand in hand with cjvili/.ation, ruav \vi- hojie that this traflic in ,-lave.-. -hall be -tamped out. ( )|H.'ninj^ up projn-r line* of communication will do much to eh. el; the trallic in human tl'-h, and the extcn-ion of h-jfitimale coitmieree will, Iw-vuiid all doubt, ultimately put an end to it altogether. In eon<-lu-ion, thi- ^rand r -lilt of Stanley'- la-t and t_ r reate-t xplora'ion- h:i- -olvcd t wo n\ N-i-t of the ^rcal probh-no whu'h I ,i\ in.'-fon. labop-d and lo*t hi- lit<- in th-- attempt to di>eover: tin' of HP- Shini'-evn rivi-r, the lon^'-'-t tribnlarv o| halve \'i--!ori:i Nvan/.:i, and tli<- true -i.iire.- .if the NI!I-; and h:- tr.finj the Lualaba to th>* Xain* or ( i.n_'o, anl pro\m^ them !.. on-- and tip- -am- river, though known to tin- natv-- bv .1 -.-MI-.- ,,f .li;V'-r< nt naiii--. .\-\\-- li.iv- -houn. lioth Liviirj- - . 'lie and < 'amTo!i att'-mpt' ! to iraei- : h.- Lualaba to the < can, i''it HI--V both had I- i n coiiipi-||<-d !.. r< -liinpii-h Hi"- attempt by ; nip 1 IK t rable jun^Ks and th-- ho-lilitv ot jei-oei.in- naliv- tribe-. I' '\a- ri--'-rve.| to H. nrv M . Staiih-v to aehie\, tlii* -r- a! -uc- --, ..lii'l. -sill have the . tl'eet of ojwnin^ up that immen-c C'lCKWT DI'K TO THK I'HKKS. -(,{ productive continent to the civilization and commerce of the world. The groat mass of men look only at results, and give tlio*c who succeed the credit without taking much pains to ascertain the means whereby thev were accomplished. Without detracting aught from the indomitable bravery, endurance, military genius, and Bound judgment, which arc so conspicuous in Stanley, and which have gained for him the reputation of the greatest ex- plorer of this or any other age, we must not forget to give credit to the means by which alone he was able to accomplish what he did. His expedition was sustained by the enterprise and liberality of the New York //i-mA/and the London Telcyraph the press thus achieving what kings and nations had failed to do. Verily, the press is a power in this age of the world. THE LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA Vint. i Barbara THIS BOOK IS DUE ON THE LAST DATE STAMPED BELOW. 001 448 154