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 CEREMONIES 
 
 AT THE 
 
 LAYING OF THE CORNER STONE 
 
 OF THE 
 
 ARMY WAR COLLEGE BUILDING 
 
 AT 
 
 WASHINGTON BARRACKS 
 
 WITH 
 
 THE ADDRESSES AND INVOCATION DELIVERED ON 
 THE OCCASION 
 
 February 21 , igoj 
 
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 CEREMONIES 
 
 It was desired originally to have the ceremony take place on the 
 birthday of Washington, February 22, but as this anniversary 
 occurred on Sunday, it was decided to select the day preceding-. 
 
 The details of the ceremony were prepared by Capt. John Stephen 
 Sewell, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, under the direction of 
 Brig*. Gen. G. L. Gillespie, Chief of Engineers, who was appointed 
 master of ceremonies by Hon. Elihu Root, Secretary of War. They 
 were submitted to the War College Board and approved I)}' them 
 before execution. P^verj^thing was arranged with a view to the 
 participation, as far as possible, of all branches of the military 
 service. The operation of setting* the stone was, by invitation, 
 performed according to Masonic rites, by the Grand Lodge of Masons 
 of the District of Columbia. At the site of the corner stone two 
 stands were erected, one for the special accommodation of the Presi- 
 dent of the United States and those taking part in the ceremony, and 
 one for the invited guests. 
 
 The President of the United States, accompanied by Hon. John 
 Hay, Secretary of State; Hon. Elihu Root, Secretary of War; Hon. 
 George B. Cortelyou, Secretary of Commerce and Labor; Col. Theo- 
 dore A. Bingham, U. S. Army, military aid, and Capt. W. S. Cowles, 
 
 3
 
 tl. S. Nav3', naval aid, was escorted from and to the White House 
 b3^ Troop F, Second Cavah-y, Capt. Lloj^d M. Brett commanding. 
 
 Addresses were made by the President of the United States, bj' the 
 honorable Secretary of War, and by Maj. Gen. S. B. M. Young, 
 president of the War College Board. Mr. C. F. McKim, of the tirm 
 of McKim, Mead & White, architects of the War College building, 
 was introduced, but merely acknowledged the introduction and made 
 no address. 
 
 The inyited guests included members of the Cabinet, the diplomatic 
 corps, the justices of the United States Supreme Court, the United 
 States Senate and House of Representatiyes, the Lieutenant-General 
 Commanding the Army, the Admiral of the Nay}^ and other officers 
 of the Arui}^ and the Nayy in Washington, the major-general com- 
 manding the Department of the East, representatiyes of the press, 
 the Commissioners of the District of Columbia, the justices of the 
 District of Columbia supreme court, the general officer commanding 
 the District of Columbia militia and his stall', and the commandants 
 of the Military Academ}' and the various army service schools, besides 
 a number of individuals who, for various reasons, were interested in 
 the ceremony. 
 
 At the site of the stone the following order of exercises was 
 observed: 
 
 ORDER OF EXERCISES. 
 
 1. Invocation, by Right Rev. Henry Y. Satterlee, Bishop of Wash 
 ington. 
 
 2. Music. 
 
 3. Address by the President of the United States. 
 
 4. Music. 
 
 5. Address by the Secretary of War. 
 
 (5. Address by Maj. Gen. S. B. M. Young, president of the AVar 
 Colleoe.
 
 5 
 
 7. Luvinj^ of the corner stone ficcordino- to Masonic rites, under 
 the auspices of the Grand Lodoe of the District of Columbia. 
 
 8. Benediction, by Kioht Kev. Henry Y. Satterlee, Bisliop of 
 Washing-ton. 
 
 Brig. Gen. G. L. GiHespie, Chief of Enoineers, U. S. Army, mas- 
 ter of ceremonies, opened the exercises by the introduction of IVishop 
 Satterlee, as follows: 
 
 "The exercises for laying tlie corner stone of the War College, 
 U. S. Army, will open with an invocation by the Right Reverend the 
 Bishop of Washington." 
 
 The invocation by the bishop was as follows: 
 
 INVOCATIOX. 
 
 "Our Father Who art in heaven, hallowed be Thy name. Thy 
 kingdom come. Thy will be done on earth, as it is in heaven. Give 
 us this day our daily bread. And forgive us our trespasses, as we 
 forgive those who trespass against us. And lead us not into tempta- 
 tion, but deliver us from evil: For Thine is the kingdom, and the 
 power, and the glor}", forever and ever. Amen, 
 
 "Almighty God, Whose kingdom is everlasting and power infinite, 
 have mercy upon this whole land; and so rule the hearts of Thy 
 servants, the President of the United States and all others in author- 
 ity, that they, knowing whose ministers they are, may above all 
 things seek Thy honor and glory; and that we and all the people, 
 duly considering whose authority they bear, may faithfully and 
 obediently honor them, in Thee, and for Thee, according to Thy 
 blessed word and ordinance, through Jesus Christ our Lord, Who 
 with Thee and the Holy Ghost, liveth and reigneth, one God, world 
 without end. Amen. [From the Book of Common Prayer.] 
 2
 
 8 
 
 6 
 
 ''O Almighty God, the Sovereign Coininandcr of all the world, 
 Who sittest in the throne, judging- right, we beseech Thee to bless with 
 Thy favor the Army of these United States of America, that it may 
 be a strong defense to our country and protection to her institutions; 
 especially do we ask Thee to prosper our handiwork in the foundation 
 of this War College, that it may be a school of sound learning and 
 true heroism. Develop in our country the principles of law and 
 order; direct and dispose the hearts of our rulers, that they may truly 
 and impartially administer justice, to the punishment of wickednes.- 
 and vice, and to the maintenance of true religion and virtue. And 
 grant that the course of this world may be so ordered by Thy govern- 
 ance that peace and happiness, truth and justice, temperance and 
 fortitude, may characterize our nation through all generations, 
 through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen." 
 
 The musical selection was "The Star Spangled Banner." 
 
 The master of ceremonies then introduced the President of the 
 United States with the following words: 
 
 "We are fortunate in having with us to-day the President of the 
 United States to give emphasis hj his presence to the high purposes 
 for which the Army War College is to be erected. It is most fitting 
 that he should be present at the laying of the corner stone, to dedicate 
 it in words which shall go forth to the Army as an incentive to every 
 eligible officer to fit himself by earnest preparation for selection to 
 receive the advanced instruction proposed to be given in the college. 
 It is a significant fact that this is the centennial year of the original 
 occupancy of this reservation for military purposes." 
 
 The address of the President was as follows: 
 
 "Gentlemen and Ladies: It should be a matter of pride and 
 congratulation to every American citizen interested in the welfare of 
 his country that to-day we lay the foundation stone of a building
 
 PRESIDENT ROOSEVELT.
 
 the erection of which sig-nalizes a lonj^ stride forward in securinj^- the 
 elBciency of the United States Army, a step less important than that 
 marked by the enactment of the law to create a ocneral staff, Imt a 
 step supplementing- the passage of the act, rounding it out and ren- 
 dering it of a far wider and far deeper usefulness. 
 
 "One word first to the nation and then another word to the Army. 
 To the nation first: It has well been said that the surest way to invite 
 national disaster is for a nation to be opulent, aggressive, and 
 unarmed. [Applause.] The nation that is rich, that is so high 
 spirited as to be somewhat careless of giving offense, and that 
 refrains from that preparedness which is absolutely necessary if 
 efficiency in war is ever to be shown — such a nation is laying deep 
 the foundation for humiliation and disaster. As a people, whether 
 we will or not, we have reached the stage when we must play a great 
 part in the world. It is not open to us to decide whether or not we 
 shall play it. All we have to decide is whether we shall play it well 
 or ill. The part is before us. We have to play it. All that it rests 
 for us to do is to say that we will play it well. [Applause.] 
 
 "This nation has, by the mere trend of events, been forced into 
 a position of world power during the past few years. It has respon- 
 sibilities resting upon it here in the Occident and in the Orient as 
 well. It can not bear these responsibilities aright unless its voice is 
 potent for peace and justice, as its voice can be potent for peace and 
 justice only on condition of its being thoroughly understood that we 
 ask peace, not in the spirit of the weakling and the craven, but with 
 the assured self-confidence of the just man armed. [Loud applause.] 
 
 "So much for the lesson to be learned by our people from the 
 movement in which the erection of this building is a part. 
 
 "Now a word to the officers and enlisted men of the Army. The 
 last two or three years have witnessed a nota])le awakening in our 
 people to the well-being of the Army. Our people are understanding 
 as never before the fact that the Army, like the Navy, will do well in
 
 War mainly in proportion as it has been prepared well in peace; that 
 after the war has begun it is too late for us to prepare for the vic- 
 tor3\ Defeat wnll come inevitabl}' and surely if the prepai-ation is 
 put off until the war begins, and victory will come if it has been 
 prepared for in time of peace, and on no other terms. 
 
 "During the session of Congress that is now closing we have seen 
 the first stride taken in putting the National Guard, the militia of the 
 country, on a footing of efficiency; the first long stride taken on the 
 lines marked out by Washington himself; the first successful effort 
 made to put into effect Washington's plea, which for one hundred and 
 ten years was disregarded by our people. And, again, the first long 
 stride has been taken toward the modernization, toward increasing 
 the efficiency of the Army, in accordance with modern methods, as 
 devised by Sherman over a quarter of a century ago. It takes time 
 and thought and care to work out necessary reforms. They don't 
 come in a jump. All kinds of obstructions of deliberate purpose, 
 obstructions of mere inertia, obstructions of carelessness, have to be 
 met with and overcome, but at last they are overcome if only a 
 sufficient intensity of purpose lies behind those backing the reform. 
 And now these great steps have been taken. 
 
 "Methods have been provided for securing the increased efficiency 
 of the Army, and it rests with the Army itself to profit by what has 
 been done. More and more it has become evident in modern war 
 that the efficiency of the unit, of the individual officer and the indi- 
 vidual enlisted man is going to be the prime factor in deciding the 
 fate of fought fields. 
 
 "The exercises of the barracks and the parade ground do not make 
 5 per cent of the soldier's real w^ork and do not count for 5 per cent 
 in his real efficiency. They are very spectacular, serve a good pur- 
 pose, and must be well done, but they count for hut the smallest part 
 in the qualities, the sum of which make the Army effective or ineffec- 
 tive in actual service. Officei- and man alike must be trained to the
 
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 hij^he.st point in the tlicory and in the practice of the profession. Of 
 course, it is a mere truism to say that if the}' are trained in the theory 
 without the crowninjif of practice they will amount to nothing; but 
 they must have the training and the theor}', too. They must have 
 that training or they never can reach the highest standard of perfec- 
 tion in their art. The Army of the United States is, and it is not 
 desira])le that it should be otherwise, a small army, relatively to the 
 population of the country, but we have a right to expect that the 
 small army shall represent for its size the very highest point of cfK- 
 ciency of any army in the civilized world [apphuise], and 1 have the 
 most absolute faith that to that degree of efficiency it will attain, and 
 that it will attain it in no small part because of the wise and zealous 
 use it will make of the opportunities atforded by the erection of this 
 very building."' [Applause.] 
 The next musical selection was "Hail, Columbia." 
 
 The master of ceremonies then introduced the honorable Secretary 
 of War with the following words: 
 
 "When the Engineer School was transferred from New York Har- 
 bor to Washington Barracks in the autumn of 1901, it was known 
 that the old arsenal buildings on this military reservation were not 
 suited to the needs of the Engineer School under the new plans of 
 desired usefulness, and when the Chief of Engineers presented to the 
 Secretary of War for approval a project for the erection of new 
 Iniildings, together with plans for enlarging and beautifying the res- 
 ervation, the Secretary of War gave it his hearty concurrence, with 
 the added injunction that a plot be reserved for a war college. 
 Later, funds were made available by him for beginning the improve- 
 ment. The country is therefore indebted to the Secretary of War 
 for taking the first practical step toward giving the Army a war 
 college and locating it upon the military grounds within the city of 
 Washington. 
 3
 
 10 
 
 "His indefatigable labors in securing by legal enactment the funds 
 necessary for the complete construction, and his wise decision that 
 the architectural plans for the buildings comprising the War College 
 and the Engineer School should accord with the high aims had in 
 view in their erection, will link his name, for all time, Avith these 
 buildings and the success of the instruction to be given within them." 
 
 The Secretar}^ of War delivered the following address: 
 "Not to promote war, but to preserve peace by intelligent and ade- 
 quate preparation to repel aggression, this institution is founded. It 
 is a growth and not a new departure. It is a natural and necessary 
 development of the views with which General Grant established the 
 artillery school at Fort Monroe, General Sherman established the 
 infantry and cavahy school at Fort Leavenworth, and General Sheri- 
 dan established the school of application for cavahy and light artillery 
 at Fort Riley. Following the same policy, an engineers' school of 
 application, a school of submarine defense, and an army medical 
 school were afterwards established. All of these institutions were 
 practicall}" suspended during the war with Spain and in the Philippines. 
 "When the time came for their reestablishment it had become evi- 
 dent that not merely restoration, but an advance and enlargement of 
 military education were demanded by the enlargement of our Army, 
 the advance and greater complexity of military science, the increased 
 proportion of officers who had not the benefit of a West Point educa- 
 tion, and the wider range of military problems which the possibilities 
 of our national growth force upon our attention. The growth of 
 separate institutions had reached a point where their efficiency could 
 be increased and the results of their work could be utilized best by 
 bringing them into relation as parts of a general system of military 
 education under the inspection and supervision of a single coordinat- 
 ing and controlling body, and by supplementing their work with a 
 post-graduate course which should carry their best men onward along
 
 HON. ELIHU ROOT, SECRETARY OF WAR.
 
 O O € 
 
 etc
 
 11 
 
 the lines of research and of thouoht ])y which experience and theory 
 combine to the nial-^ino- of skillful coniniaiidcrs of armies. 
 
 "Such a system the Arm}'^ is now putting in force as rapidly as pos- 
 sible. The controlling*; and directing- })ody is the War Collco-e Hoard, 
 consisting- of live officers of rank, special!}' detailed, and the Chief of 
 Engineers, the Chief of Artillery, the Superintendent of the West 
 Point Miiitar}' Academy, and the commandant of the Leavenworth 
 School, all under the presidency of that gallant, experienced, and ahh' 
 soldier, Maj. Gen. Samuel B. M. Young. Under their direction the 
 school at Fort Leavenworth has been reestablished and reorganized as 
 a general service and staff college, with the school at Fort Riley as an 
 accessory school of application. The special-service schools have been 
 reestablished. A system of schools has been established at the prin- 
 cipal posts and is being extended to all the considerable posts of the 
 country, under which a compulsory course, following a prescribed 
 curriculum, is required from all junior officers. It is the design of 
 the board, already provided by general orders, that the best men 
 from the post schools shall be graded up to the Leavenworth Col- 
 lege and the special-service schools; that the best men from the 
 Leavenworth College and the special-service schools shall be graded 
 up to the post-graduate course of the war college, there to study 
 and confer upon the great problems of national defense, of military 
 science, and of responsible command. The courses of instruction in 
 all the schools at all stages are in the highest degree practical as well 
 as theoretical, and military aptitude tested by the exercise of actual 
 command will hold a leading place in the determination of merit. To 
 the men thus sifted out from the great mass of officers by the demon- 
 stration of superior intelligence and devotion to their profession the 
 Commander in Chief will naturally turn for details to important serv- 
 ice and promotion to higher rank. 
 
 "Membership in the War College will mean honor and opportunity. 
 In its confidential archives will be garnered the results of the best
 
 12 
 
 thoueht of the Army, and in the continuous existence of the insti- 
 tution, always changing in its elements as men come and go, but 
 remaining itself unchanged, will be found continuity of knowledge, 
 of thought, and of militaiy policy always availal)le for practical uses 
 under the supervision of the general staff, of which the War College 
 Board will form a part. 
 
 "It is a common observation, and a true one, that practical equali- 
 ties in a soldier are more important than a knowledge of theory, but 
 this truth has often been made the excuse for indolence and indiffer- 
 ence, which, except in rare and gifted individuals, destroy practical 
 efficiency. It is also true that, other things being equal, the officer 
 who keeps his mind alert by intellectual exercise, and who systemat- 
 ically studies the reasons of action and the materials and conditions 
 and difficulties with which he may have to deal, will be the stronger 
 practical man and the better soldier. The same considerations which 
 have led individual enterprise to build up the great universities and 
 technical schools, to which the graduates of our schools and colleges 
 resort to perfect themselves in every profession and in every branch 
 of applied science, apply with equal force to education in the science 
 of war. It is fitting that our Government should profit by the lesson 
 which all its citizens have learned — that for success in any business 
 the evolution from the simple to the complex must be accompanied 
 by a more perfect system, a more careful selection of agents, and a 
 broader training of the men upon whom fall the responsibilities of 
 
 control. 
 
 "No better illustration of the necessity of such an institution as 
 this, and of a general staff" to make its work effective, can be found 
 than in the fate which befell the work of a soldier to whose memory 
 1 wish to pay honor to-day — Bvt. Maj. Gen. Emory Upton, colonel 
 of tlie Fourth Artillery. Graduated from West Point in the year 
 1801. he became, while almost a ])oy, one of the most distinguished 
 officers of the civil wai'. lie conuuiinded successively a battery of
 
 13 
 
 artillen', ;i reo-imoiit ol" infantry, a ln'ioaclc ol" irifantiy, a bi-ioadc of 
 artillerv, and a division of cavalry. Constantly in the field, he 
 exhibited in eanip and march and in scores of battles dauntless and 
 brilliant courage, strict and successful disci|)lin(>. and the liigliest 
 (jualitics of connnand. Professor Micliie, revered authority, said of 
 him : 
 
 "'No one can read the story of his brilliant career without con- 
 cluding that he had a real genius for war, together with all the 
 theoretical and practical knowledge which any one could accjuire in 
 regard to it. He was the equal, if not the superior, of Hoche, 
 Dessaix, or Skobeletf in all the military accomplishments and vir- 
 tues, and up to the time when he was disabled })y the disease 
 which caused his death he was, all things considered, the uiost 
 accomplished soldier in our service. His life was pure and up- 
 right, his bearing chivalric and conmianding, his conduct modest 
 and unassuming, and his character absolutely Avithout ])lemish. 
 History can not furnish a brighter example of unselrish patriotism 
 or of ambition unsullied b}^ an ignoble thought or an unworthy 
 deed.' 
 
 "After the close of the civil war he addressed himself to the 
 task of interpreting the lessons of that war to his countrj'Hien for 
 the improvement of our military system. Of his own motion he 
 devised a new system of tactics, which, being capable of adoption 
 by a simple military order, was adopted and revolutionized the 
 tactics of the army. On the recommendation of General Sherman, 
 he was sent around the world with two associate officers to study 
 the armies of Europe and Asia, and upon his return he made a 
 report which gave the results of all his acciunulated experience 
 and observation. He recommended the three 1)attalion formation 
 in cavalry and infantry regiments. He recommended interchange- 
 able service in staff and line, as against the permanent staff' de- 
 partments. He recommended examination as a condition to promo- 
 
 4: 
 
 X
 
 14 
 
 tion. He recommended the cstal)li,shment of a general staff, and he 
 recommended the general and systematic extension of military edu- 
 cation. His recommendations had behind them all the prestige of 
 his brilliant military (career. They had the advocacy and support 
 of the great soldier who then connnanded the American armies — 
 General Sherman. They embodied the practical lessons of the civil 
 war and the results of military science throughout the world. Yet 
 his voice was as the voice of one crying in the wilderness. The 
 Government did not even print his report, but, with those of his 
 associates, it was filed in manuscript and forgotten among the millions 
 of documents in the archives of the War Department. 
 
 "General Upton subsequentl}^ printed the report himself for the 
 benefit of the public through a private publisher. A copy may 
 now and then be found at a second-hand bookstore. More than a 
 quarter of a century later, and long after death had ended the 
 restless striving of that far-seeing intelligence, other men working 
 out the same problems with which he dealt found the sanit}^ and 
 wnsdom of his conclusions and gave them effect. Were Upton liv- 
 ing to-day, still upon the active list of the Army, he would see all 
 the great reforms for which he contended substantially secured — the 
 three-battalion S3"stem, the interchangeability of staff and line, exam- 
 ination for promotion, and now, b}^ the wisdom of the present Con- 
 gress, the establishment of a general staff and the completion of 
 the S3^stem of military education under the controlling bod}^, which 
 will find its permanent home in the building whose corner stone 
 we lay to-day. 
 
 "Many another officer has studied and striven and written and 
 appealed in vain for improvements in the military service and has 
 passed away, and he and his work have been forgotten. The 
 helplessness of the single individual who seeks to improve a system 
 has settled into hopelessness. The wisdom acquired in each officer's 
 experience has been buried with him. Only an institution, perpetual
 
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 MEMBERS OF THE WAR COLLEGE BOARD, FEBRUARY 21, 1903. 
 
 1, Maj. Gen. Samuel B. Wl. Young. 
 
 2. Brig. Gen. J. Franklin Bell. 
 
 3, Brig. Gen. George L. Gillespie. 
 
 4. Brig. Gen. Wiili.im H, Carter. 
 
 9, Maj. William D 
 
 5. Brig. Gen. Tasker H. Bliss. 
 
 6. Brig. Gen. Wallace F. Ranrlolph. 
 
 7. Col. Albert L. Mills. 
 
 8. Maj. Henry A. Greene. 
 Beach.
 
 15 
 
 but alw{i3\s ohangino- in its individual elemonts, in which, l>v con- 
 ference and discussion, a consensus of matured opinion can he 
 reached, can perpetuate the results of individual effort, secure 
 continuity of military policy, and command for its authorized 
 conclusive expressions of military jud^^inent upon military c[uestions 
 the respect and eti'ectiveness to which that judgnient is entitled. 
 
 "I am sure that I speak truly when 1 say the Presidents and 
 Congresses and Secretaries of War invariably desire such aid in 
 the performance of their duties, and for this I look with hope and 
 confidence to the General Staff of the Army and its great adjunct, 
 the War College, which we are now establishing." 
 
 The master of ceremonies then introduced the president of the 
 War College, as follows: 
 
 "I have the honor to present the first president of the Arni}^ War 
 College, Maj. Gen. S. B. M. Young, U. S. Army." 
 
 General Young delivered the following address: 
 
 "It is said by one of the most careful writers and militar}^ stu- 
 dents of our mother country that 'The main equalities which 
 characterize the American soldier from the P^uropean soldier are 
 shrewdness, strength, valor, and personal intelligence. The natural 
 initiative of the American and the general fearlessness of responsi- 
 bilit}" are as conspicuous among the soldiers as in the nation at 
 large.' 
 
 " When we contemplate the colossal sacrifice of human life in the 
 Federal and Confederate armies during the civil war on the altar of 
 patriotism and love of country for principles which, although dia- 
 metrically opposed, were equally dear to their hearts, we are pro- 
 foundly impressed with the inheritance of grand qualities of our 
 people which enable them to give their lives a willing sacrifice for 
 their country. This unselfish patriotism displayed by the soldiers
 
 16 
 
 of our country during- the civil war commanded the admiration of 
 the world. Neither Northerner nor Southerner considered his life 
 the most precious of earthl}^ possessions. 
 
 "The children of these men are, as much as may be, to become the 
 beneficiaries of this War CoUeg-e, directly or indirectly or remotely. 
 We owe it to them that they shall have fair opportunity for dis- 
 cipline of the mind; for improving- and fostering those inherent 
 qualities which gave birth to our nation, which guarded us in our 
 infancy, which sustained us in childhood, and which carried us to 
 where we stand to-day, the leading nation of the world. We owe 
 it to the memory of those brave patriots who sacrificed their lives 
 on the field of glory that we might live and enjoy the government 
 of the most benevolent of nations. Rather than assume that sol- 
 diers are consumed by an inordinate and l)loodthirsty ambition, it 
 is better to believe that a man who has been brought up from his 
 youth to render loyal obedience is less likely to run counter to con- 
 stituted authority than one who has not. Our armies in Cuba, in 
 Porto Rico, and in the Philippines turned over their conquests to 
 civil ofiicers as soon as the war had ceased. 
 
 "The solid foundation of the unselfish patriotism of the Ameri- 
 can soldier is his great pride in the manhood of his race. Having 
 gained this prominence among nations, we must be diligent and 
 vigilant to maintain this supremacy by a studious, righteous, and 
 just system of national administration and international relations. 
 
 "In all nations war is the instrument of diplomacy; in our coun- 
 try the soldier is the servant of the State. There is, then, a log- 
 ical reason for this institution for the laying of whose corner stone 
 we are assembled here to-day under the shadow of the Capitol of 
 our country. 
 
 " The art of war is difficult. To apply strategic principles correctly, 
 the commander must l^e al)le to accommodate strategy to political 
 exigencies. He nuist have a clear knowledge of men as well as
 
 17 
 
 (|uc,stions oF supplies and transportation in all their niunorous 
 branches, of sanitation, and of every detail concerning the moral 
 and physical well-beino^ of his troops. But as it is impossible for 
 a connnander to personally superintend all the details ncc^essary to 
 the thorough ])reparation of an army for efficient field operations, 
 he must be surrounded by an efficient staff — a })ody of trained 
 officers who have studied and worked out to a successful solution 
 all problems in these questions and who realize the enormous 
 responsibilities that rest on the conmiander who has in his keeping 
 not only the lives of the patriotic soldiers, but the honor and the 
 life of his government. The fate of a battle ma}^ sometimes depend 
 on a matter that would appear of small importance to the uneducated 
 soldier. 
 
 "Knowledge gained by study or born of experience, or that which 
 is better, study and experience, is essential in preparation for war. 
 The best means to avert a war is to be fully prepared for it. 
 When war is inevita))le, it should l)e made quick, and the contest 
 should be made short, sharp, and decisive as the full power of our 
 Gov^ernment and the best abilit}^ of our country could make it. It 
 is the duty of the War College Board to carry out the intentions 
 and purposes of our honored Commander in Chief and his most 
 worthy Secretary of War to see to it that the young officers of 
 our Army shall have full opportunity for attaining a high grade of 
 efficiency in their chosen profession and that our Army is compar- 
 able to the armies of the world as our Government compares with 
 the other governments." 
 
 The master of ceremonies then introduced Mr. C. F. McKim, the 
 architect of the building, as follows: 
 
 " I now ^lave the pleasure of presenting the architect of the War 
 College, Mr. Charles F. McKim, of New York City, to whom the 
 Secretary of War conhded the duty of locating the War College 
 5
 
 18 
 
 on the reservation, and preparing the architectural plans for the 
 construction of the college and engineer school. He has treated the 
 military reservation as a single plat and so arranged the character 
 and location of the different buildings of the two systems of instruc- 
 tion as to form one harmonious whole, bearing proper relations 
 with the proposed future parking plans of the city of Washington. 
 "I know his labor has been one of love, controlled by architec- 
 tural talents of the highest order, and I feel assured that when his 
 work is completed, under the competent supervision of Capt. John 
 Stephen Sew^ell, Corps of Engineers, the officer selected by the 
 Secretary of War to take charge of the construction of the building, 
 his ideals of utility and artistic effect will be fulh' and completeh' 
 realized." 
 
 Mr. McKim gracefully acknowledged the introduction, l)ut made 
 no address. 
 
 The master of ceremonies then said: 
 
 "The laying of the corner stone will now take place according 
 to Masonic rites. The gavel which will be used is the identical 
 one that was used by George Washington, the first President of the 
 United States, in laying the corner stone of the Capitol building." 
 
 The stone was laid according to Masonic rites, under the direction 
 of George H. Walker, grand master of the Grand Lodge, F. A. 
 A. M., of the District of (yolumbia, assisted by the officers of that 
 lodge. 
 
 Grand Master George H. Walker, upon being introduced by Gen- 
 eral Gillespie, took position to the east of the corner stone facing the 
 President of the United States, with Deputy Grand Master James A. 
 Wetmore on his right, Grand Senior Warden Lurtin R. Ginn to the 
 west of the stone, Acting Grand Junior Warden Frank H. Thomas to 
 the south of the stone, the grand deacons crossing their rods over
 
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 19 
 
 the i^nmd iimstcr, while tlic ^a-tind stewards performed like .service 
 re.spectino- the senior grand warden, the remaining officers of the 
 grand lodge being grouped to the right or left of the grand master. 
 The "lesser lights" were properly arranged. 
 
 The acting grand chaplain, Rev. Daniel W. Skellenger, pastor of 
 the Sixth Pres))yterian Church, offered the following invocation: 
 
 "Almighty God! we adore Thee as the Creator of all tilings. 
 When we consider the heavens, the work of Thy fingers, the sun and 
 moon, which Thou hast ordained, we are constrained to cry, •■ What is 
 man, that Thou art mindful of him?' Yet, Thou hast made him but 
 little less than divine, putting him over the work of Thy hand. Oh, 
 Lord, how excellent is Thy name in all the earth! We praise Thee 
 for this great temple of the universe— this great educational struc- 
 ture—the corner stone of which Thou didst lay when the morning 
 stars sang together. We thank Thee for faith, hope, and love, the 
 corner stone of which spiritual building Thou didst lay on Zion's 
 hill— a tried stone, a precious corner stone, a sure foundation. We 
 thank Thee for the heritage that has come down to us- -the heritage 
 of patriotism and piety. We thank Thee for the noble men who 
 lived and suffered and died for the principles of American liberty. 
 We pray Thee to inspire us of the present with these same principles, 
 that this nation may extend the blessings of religion to all the earth. 
 Bless the Chief Executive, Commander in Chief of the Army and 
 Navy. Bless those in the Army and those out of it; make all true 
 citizens of this great Republic. Bless, we beseech Thee, all who 
 make and all who execute our laws. Bless this occasion, all who 
 participate in it, and the grand lodge in the performance of this duty. 
 May this institution become not only a source of instruction, ))ut a 
 power that shall make for peace, purity, and piety in our Army and 
 among all our citizens. To this end may the thoughts of our hearts, 
 the words of our lips, and the work of our hands contribute, and to 
 the one Triune God shall be all the praise. Amen.''
 
 20 
 
 Grand Master. Right Worshipful Grand Treasurer, you will 
 deposit in the case the several articles as they are called by the right 
 worshipful grand secretar3\ 
 
 Grand Secretary A. W. Johnston read the following list, and the 
 several articles as called were placed in the receptacle by Grand 
 Treasurer James A. Sample: 
 
 Copies of letters, etc., showing history of the project. 
 
 Blueprint showing the proposed arrangement of building. 
 
 Blueprint showing revised plan of general layout of Washington 
 Barracks. 
 
 Arm}^ Register of 1902. ^ 
 
 Copies of general orders announcing system of instruction of arnij^ 
 officers, and detail of officers as members of War College Board. 
 
 Congressional Directory, Fifty -seventh Congress, second session. 
 
 Annual reports of Secretary of War for the years 1901 and 1902. 
 
 Photographs of present buildings. 
 
 Coins. 
 
 Copies of newspapers. 
 
 Tracing of old map of post of Washington Barracks. 
 
 Tracing showing location of the corner stone. 
 
 Copy of printed programme of ceremonies. 
 
 Photos of tracings, showing general layout of buildings. 
 
 Photos showing methods of construction of foundation for the 
 Engineer School. 
 
 Photos of general drawings of War College building. 
 
 Copy of constitution of grand lodge, 1901. 
 
 Copy of printed proceedings of the grand lodge, 1901. 
 
 Copy of Masonic Calendar, 1903. 
 
 Speech of Secretary Elihu Root. 
 
 Speech of Maj. Gen. S. B. M. Young. 
 
 The workman then swung the stone into position and lowered it 
 by three distinct motions to its proper place at the corner of the 
 foundation, the Inind meanwhile playing soft music ("America").
 
 21 
 
 Architect McKim addressed the j^rand master: 
 
 "Most Worshipful, the necessary prepai-ations havino- ])een made 
 for laviiiii" the "foundation stone' of this ('diCice. 1 present vou the 
 square, level, and plumb, those useful implements of the craft, hv 
 wliich you will be al)le to ascertain that the material which is to 
 constitute the chief corner stone of the future edifice and which you 
 are about to lay in its appropriate position, is 'Well formed, true, 
 and trust3^"' 
 
 The errand master handed the s{juare to the deputy grand master, 
 the level to the senior grand warden, and the plumb to the junior 
 o-rand warden. 
 
 Grand Master. Right Worshipful Deputy Grand Master, what is 
 the proper implement or jewel of your office? 
 
 Deputy Grand Master. The square, Most Worshipful. 
 
 Grand Master. What are its moral and Masonic uses? 
 
 Deputy Grand Master. To square our actions by the square of 
 virtue and to prove our work when finished. 
 
 Grand Master. Apply the implement of your office to the 
 foundation stone, and make report. 
 
 Deputy Grand Master. Most Worshipful Grand Master, I find 
 the stone to be square. The craftsmen have performed their duty. 
 
 Grand Master. Right Worshipful Senior Grand Warden, what is 
 the proper implement or jewel of your office? 
 
 Senior Grand Warden. The level. Most Worshipful. 
 
 Grand Master. What is its Masonic use? 
 
 Senior Grand Warden. Morally, it reminds us of equality, and 
 its use is to prove horizontals. 
 
 Grand Master. Apply the implement of your office to the founda- 
 tion stone, and make report. 
 
 Senior Grand Warden. Most Worshipful Grand Master. I lind 
 the stone to be level. The craftsmen have performed their duty. 
 
 Grand Master. Right Worshipful Junior Grand \\arden, what is 
 the proper implement or jewel of 3^our office?
 
 22 
 
 Junior Grand Warden. The plumb, Most Worshipful. 
 
 Grand Master. What is its Masonic use? 
 
 Junior Grand Warden. Moralk, it teaches us rectitude of 
 conduct, and its use is to tiy perpendiculars. 
 
 Grand Master. Apph^ the implement of your office to the several 
 edges of the foundation stone, and make report. 
 
 Junior Grand Warden. Most Worshipful Grand Master, I tind 
 the stone to be plumb. The craftsmen have performed their duty. 
 
 Grand Master. This corner stone has been tested l)y the proper 
 implements of operative Masonry, and 1 find that. the craftsmen have 
 skillfully and faithfully performed their duty. I therefore declare 
 the stone to be well formed, true and trusty, and correctly laid 
 according- to the rules of our ancient craft. May the all-bounteous 
 Author of Nature assist in the erection and completion of this 
 building, protecting the workmen from every accident, and may 
 He long preserve this structure from decay. 
 
 Junior Grand Warden. Most Worshipful Grand Master, it has 
 been the immemorial custom to scatter corn as an embleiu of nourish- 
 ment. I therefore present you this vessel of corn. 
 
 Grand Master. In the name of the Great Jehovah, to Whom be 
 all honor and glory, I now scatter this corn, and invoke a continua- 
 tion of the prosperity and manifold blessings which He has unceas- 
 ingly bestowed upon our country and its people. 
 
 Senior Grand Warden. Most Worshipful Grand Master, wine, 
 the eml)lem of refreshment, having been used mystically by our 
 ancient brethren, 1 present you with this vessel of wine. 
 
 Grand Master. In the name of the Holy Saints John, I pour 
 out this wine to virtue. May the Giver of every good and perfect 
 gift bless and prosper all our undertakings and inspire the present 
 generation with wisdom and virtue to transmit to the latest posterity, 
 unimpaired, so priceless an heritage. 
 
 Deputy Grand Master. Most Worshipful Grand Master, I pre-
 
 23 
 
 «ent you, to be used ticcordin^r to oui* iincicnt custom, this vessel 
 of oil. 
 
 Grand Master. I pour out this oil. an enibleiu of joy. ^luy 
 health, prosperity, and peace — symbolized by corn, wine, and oil — 
 plenteously abound throughout the Ien<;th and breadth of our hmd. 
 Ma}' the Great Ruler of the Universe bless and consecrate the 
 edifice which shall orandlv rise on this foundation stone to the use 
 of the defenders of our country until that glorious day when 
 "nation shall not lift up sword against nation, neither shall they 
 learn war an}' more." And ma}- He preserve our free institutions, 
 to the end that "government of the people, b}' the people, and for 
 the people," sAmbolized in all the teachings of MasoniT, "shall not 
 perish from the earth." 
 
 The grand master struck the stone three times with his gavel, 
 using the one wdnch was prepared for President Washington, when, 
 as acting grand master of ^lasons, he laid the corner stone of the 
 United States Capitol, September 18, 1793. 
 
 The grand master then returned the square, level, and plumb to the 
 architect and addressed him as follows: 
 
 "Worthy sir, having thus, as grand master of Masons, laid the 
 foundation stone of this structure, 1 now deliver these implements of 
 your profession into your hands, intrusting you with the superin- 
 tendence and direction of the work, having full confidence in your 
 skill and capacity to conduct the same." 
 
 Music, "Columbia, the Gem of the Ocean," by the band. 
 
 The grand master, advancing to the rostrum, spoke as follows: 
 "Mr. President, Ladies, and Gentlemen: Be it known unto 
 you that we be lawful Masons, true and faithful to the laws of our 
 country. The ceremonies of laying the corner stones of pu))lic 
 buildings have come down to us from time innnemorial and are in 
 themselves invaluable to us as purely symliolic of that spiritual build-
 
 24 
 
 ing- which each one of us is eng-aged in erecting during our natural life; 
 and as in this temjioi'al building about to be erected we have proved 
 the chief corner stone to be well formed, true, and trust}', let each 
 one of us be sure that in the spiritual ])uilding our chief corner stone 
 be likewise well formed, true, and trusty. 
 
 "When the seat of the National Government was located upon the 
 banks of the Potomac the corner stones of the public ])uildings and 
 the principal monuments marking the ]>oundaries of the District of 
 Columbia were, at the request of President Washington, laid with 
 Masonic honors. The corner stone of the United States Capitol 
 was laid September 18, 1793, by President Washington himself, 
 acting as grand master of ^Masons, and for that purpose this gavel 
 was made and used by him on that occasion. After the ceremonies 
 President Washington presented the gavel to Potomac Lodge of 
 Masons of the District of Columbia, by whom it has ]>een cherished 
 ever since. During the one hundred and ten years that have passed 
 it has many times been used in the laying of corner stones of public 
 buildings and the dedication of public edifices in various parts of 
 the country by or in the presence of many of our (Jhief Magis- 
 trates and other dignitaries of the nation. It is by courtesy of 
 Potomac Lodge that it is allowed to grace this occasion. It is 
 peculiarly fitting that this sacred relic should l)e used at this time 
 in laying the corner stone of a l)uilding to be devoted to the science 
 of war, for around it clusters the memory of him who first taught 
 American freemen the art of war; not for conquest, ])ut that the 
 principles of liberty, equality, and fraternity, which are cardinal 
 principles in all the teachings of Masonry, should not cease to be 
 known among men." 
 
 Upon the conclusion of the Masonic ceremonies, the master of 
 ceremonies said: 
 
 "The exercises will conclude with a l)enediction by the Right 
 Reverend the Bishop of Washington.''
 
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 The bonodiction was as follows: 
 
 "The God of peace, Who ])rouoht ao-jiin from the dead our Lord 
 Jesus Christ, the great Shepherd of the Sheep, through the blood of 
 the everlasting covenant, make us perfect in every good work to 
 do His will, working in us that which is well pleasing in His sight, 
 through Jesus Christ our Lord. Amen." 
 
 The part assigned to the troops is indicated in the order of the 
 day, and the letter to the commanding ofhcer of the light ])attery, 
 which are appended hereto. 
 
 The organizations taking part in the ceremony were the following: 
 
 Third Battalion of Engineers, Maj. W. M. Black, Corps of 
 Engineers, commanding. 
 
 Detachment from Erankford Arsenal, Philadelphia, Fa., Capt, 
 O. M. Lissak, Ordnance Department, commanding. 
 
 One company of Signal Corps, Fort Myer, Va., First Lieut. 
 B. O. Lenoir, Signal Corps, commanding. 
 
 Troop F, Second Cavalry, Fort Myer, Va., Capt. Lloyd M. Brett 
 commanding. 
 
 Second Cavalry band, Fort Mj^er, Va. 
 
 Forty-fourth Company, Coast Artillery, Fort Washington, Md., 
 Capt. L. C. Brown, Artillery Corps, commanding. 
 
 Fourth Battery, Field Artillery, Fort Myer, Va., Capt. S. M. 
 Foote, Artillery Corps, commanding. 
 
 Company G, Eighth Infantry, Fort Columbus, N. Y., Capt. C. W. 
 Kennedy commanding. 
 
 One company of Hospital Corps, Washington Barracks, D. C, Capt. 
 Frederick P. Reynolds commanding. 
 
 The grand lodge was escorted from the Masonic Temple to Wash- 
 ington Barracks by Washington Commandery, No. 1, Knights Tem- 
 plar, with music by the United States Cavalry band from Fort 
 Myer, Va., and was saluted by the troops stationed at the barracks.
 
 • 26 
 
 The following persons were provided witli seats on the President's 
 stand: * 
 
 The President of the United States. 
 
 The Hon. John Hay, Secretary of State. 
 
 The Hon. Leslie M. Shaw, Secretary of the Treasury. 
 
 The Hon. Elihii Root, Secretary of War. 
 
 The Hon. P. C. Knox, Attorney-General. 
 
 The Hon. H. C. Pa3me, Postmaster-General. 
 
 The Hon. W. H. Moody, Secretary of the Navy. 
 
 The Hon. E. A. Hitchcock, Secretarj'^ of the Interior. 
 
 The Hon. James Wilson, Secretary of Agriculture. 
 
 The Hon. George B. Cortelyou, Secretary of Commerce and Labor. 
 
 The Hon. AV. C. Sanger, Assistant Secretary of War. 
 
 Brig. Gen. G. L. Gillespie, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army, master 
 of ceremonies. 
 
 Maj. Gen. S. B. M. Young, U. S. Army, president of War College 
 Board. 
 
 Right Rev. Henry Y. Satterlee, Bishop of Washington (invocation 
 and benediction). 
 
 Mr. C. F. McKim, architect. 
 
 Mr. W. R. Mead, architect. 
 
 Mr. George H. Walker, grand master of Masons. 
 
 Admiral George Dewey, U. S. Nav3\ . 
 
 Lieut. Gen. Nelson A. Miles, U. S. Army. 
 
 Maj. Gen. H. C. Corbin, Adjutant-General U. S. Army. 
 
 Maj. Gen. A. R. Chaffee, U. S. Army, commanding the Department 
 of the East. 
 
 The Hon. William P. Frye, President pro tempore of the United 
 States Senate. 
 
 The Hon. David B. Henderson, Speaker of the House of Repre- 
 sentatives. 
 
 The Hon. Joseph R. Hawley, chairman of the Senate Military 
 Conunittee.
 
 27 
 
 The lion, rioliii A. 'V. Hull, chainiiiin of the lIou^se Military 
 Coinniittcc. 
 
 The Hon. William B. Allison, chainnan of the Senate Committee 
 on Appropriations. 
 
 The Hon. Joseph (i. Cannon, chainnan of the House Committee 
 on Appropriations. 
 
 Brig. Gen. W. H. Carter, U. S. Army; Brig. Gen, Tasker H. 
 Bliss, U. S. Army; Brig. Gen. AV. F. Randolph, Chief of Artillery, 
 U. S. Army; Maj. Henry A. Greene, U. S. Infantry, Assistant 
 Adjutant-General; Maj. William D. Beach, Tenth Cavalry, U. S. 
 Army, members of the AVar College Board. 
 
 Col. Theodore A. Bingham, U. S. Army; Capt. W. S. Cowles, U. S. 
 Navy; and three members of the secret service, with the President. 
 
 Maj. Frederic V. Abbot, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army; Capt. 
 Mason M. Patrick, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army, aids to 
 General Gillespie. 
 
 The subordinate officers of the Grand Lodge of Masons were also 
 seated on the President's stand, in the immediate vicinity of the 
 corner stone. 
 
 The following officers acted as ushers on the two stands: 
 
 Capt. Charles C. Clark, Fifth Infantry, U. S. Army. 
 
 Capt. John W. Joyes, Ordnance Department. 
 
 Capt. John R. Procter, jr.. Artillery Corps, U. S. Army. 
 
 First Lieut. Henry W. Stamford, Signal Corps, U. S. Army. 
 
 First Lieut. E. D, Kilbourne, Medical Department. 
 
 First Lieut. Philip W. Huntington, Medical Department. 
 
 Second Lieut. J. O. Steger, Artillery Corps, U. S. Army. 
 
 Second Lieut. John H. Poole, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army. 
 
 Second Lieut. Henry C. Jewett, Corps of P^ngineers, U. S. Army. 
 
 Second Lieut. William L. Guthrie, Corps of Engineeers, U. S. 
 Army. 
 
 Second Lieut. E. J. Pike, Second Cavalry, U. S. Army.
 
 28 
 
 The Chief of Engineers had for his aids on this occasion the 
 following officers : 
 
 Maj. Frederic V. Abbot, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army. 
 Capt. Mason M. Patrick, Corps of Engineers, U. S. Army. 
 Capt. John Stephen Sewell, Corps of P^ngineer.s, U. S. Army. 
 
 The arrangements made for expeditiously handling the corner 
 stone were very complete. 
 
 The sky was overcast, there was a melting snow on the ground, 
 and the wind was somewhat penetrating. Otherwise, the weather 
 was good, and the progranuno of exercises was carried out as 
 planned without mishap or mistake. 
 
 It is a pleasure to state that the movements prescribed for the 
 troops in the order of the day were executed with admirable pre- 
 cision. 
 
 In order to expedite the setting of the stone, it had been pre- 
 viously put in place and leveled up on steel wedges, which were 
 cemented in place. At the ceremony the stone was simply lowered 
 into place on these wedges. As soon as the ceremony was over, 
 the bed joint was calked full of mortar and the cavity about the 
 cast bronze box containing the inclosures was grouted, so the stone 
 was never moved again after it was once lowered into place. 
 
 Much credit is due to Capt. John Stephen Sewell, Corps of Engi- 
 neers, U. S. Army, for the very complete and satisfactory way in 
 which the details for the exercises were planned and executed.
 
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 WAR COLLEGE AflHANGEMeNT FOR SETTING CORNER STONE, FEBRUARY 21. 1903. 
 Scale! .nch=.\ foot.
 
 ORDER OK THE DA V. 
 
 Headquakters, CoRi'S OF Engineers, 
 
 United States Army, 
 Wai<hi7igt()')u February 7, 1003. 
 The t'oUowino- ordev.s will be observed by all organizations partici- 
 pating in the la^ying- of the corner stone of the Army War College 
 building, at Washington Barracks, D. C. : 
 
 1. The Masonic delegations are requested to ])e in position al)Out 
 the corner stone not later than 11.20 a. m., February 21, 1903, 
 
 2. All troops will appear under arms, in overcoats. Foot troops 
 will not wear leggings. 
 
 3. The commanding officer of Troop F, Second U. S. CavahT, will 
 report, with his troop, for duty as escort to the President of the 
 United States, to Col. Theodore A, Bingham, military aid to the 
 President, at the north front of the White House, not later tlian 11 
 a. m., February 21, 1903. 
 
 The route of the escort will be b}^ Pennsylvania avenue and Four- 
 and-a-half street to Washington Barracks, the gait being a trot, as far 
 as practicable. Within the reservation the route will be by the main 
 road, in front of the commanding officer's quarters, to the north front 
 of the quadrangle, thence east to the road in front of the barrack 
 buildings, thence north on this road until the President's carriage stops 
 in front of the entrance to the site of the corner stone, the formation 
 in column being preserved. 
 
 The conunanding officer of the escort will detail two noncommis- 
 sioned officers, distinguished for their skill as horscmcMi. to ride at the 
 
 29
 
 30 
 
 heads of the President's carriage horses, to control them in case they 
 are frightened by the firing of the salutes, or for any other cause. 
 Two privates should be similarly detailed for every other carriage in 
 the President's part}^, as it is especially desirable to have no runaways 
 or accidents. 
 
 During the ceremonies the escort will take such position and for- 
 mation as may be convenient on the parade north of the position 
 herein prescribed for the foot troops; it will be held ready to form 
 column again at a moment's notice to escort the President back to the 
 White House. The return route will be b}^ the road last mentioned 
 above to its junction with the main road northeast of the commanding 
 officer's quarters, thence back to the White House by Four-and-a-half 
 street and Pennsylvania avenue. 
 
 Line will be formed and salutes rendered only on receiving and 
 leaving the President at the White House. After leaving the Presi- 
 dent there, the escort will be dismissed. 
 
 ■i. The commanding officer, Fourth Battery, Light Artillery, will 
 report with his battery at Washington Barracks not later than 11 
 a. m., February 21, 1903. He will form in battery, facing west, on 
 the parade south of the commanding officer's quarters and west of the 
 main road. He will tire the prescribed salutes as the President enters 
 and leaves the reservation. He will remain in the position prescrilied 
 until the parting salute is lired, when the battery wdll return to its 
 proper station. He will commence tiring as the President's flag is 
 run to the top of the flagstafl', and again as the President's carriage 
 starts on the return trip, after the conclusion of the exercises. The 
 first salute should l^e completed, if possible, by the time the Presi- 
 dent's carriage arrives opposite the position of the battery, and the 
 second b}^ the time he leav^es the reservation. 
 
 .5. All the foot troops participating in tlie exercises will be reported 
 to the connnanding officer at Washington Barracks not later than 11 
 a. m., February 21, 1903. He will form them into one or two bat-
 
 31 
 
 talioii8, iiccoi'diiicr t() the total nuiii])cr present. The foot troops Avill 
 be formed in line not hiter than 1 1.15 a. m., faeinjf west, on the east 
 side of the main road, with the right at the point just south of the 
 circle in front of the connnandino- officer's quarters. Thej'^ will here 
 await the arrival of the President of the United States, rendering the 
 prescribed honors as he passes. Immediatcl}^ thereafter they will be 
 formed in close column or column of masses, right in front, facing 
 east, opposite the entrance to the site of the corner stone. Here they 
 will remain, at ease, l)ut perfectl}^ quiet, during the ceremonies. The 
 formation from line into column must be completed by the time the 
 Presidential party is seated on the stand. The time is very short, and 
 the commanding officer will carefully consider and adopt the most 
 expeditious method of accomplishing the necessary change of forma- 
 tion. The movement will be at double time, if necessary. 
 
 The Engineer band will take post just inside the entrance to the 
 site of the corner stone, leaving room for persons to pass in and out, 
 to and from the reviewing stand. It will, in this position, render the 
 necessarj'^ musical selections, at the proper times, in accordance with 
 signals to be prearranged. To avoid loss of time, the band will pro- 
 ceed by the most direct line to its position after the President has 
 passed the line of troops, so that it will be in position immediately 
 after the Presidential part}^ has been seated. 
 
 Just before the conclusion of the ceremonies, the foot troops will 
 be formed in line again by deploying on the leading company. The 
 band will at the same time take its place in line. The prescribed 
 honors will be rendered as the President again passes in front of the 
 troops, after which all except the l)and will be dismissed. The band 
 will remain in position, playing appropriate selections, until the audi- 
 ence has dispersed. 
 
 The President's flag will be furnished to the commanding officer at 
 Washington Barracks. This will be run up as the President enters 
 the reservation, and will be the signal for the light batter}' to com-
 
 32 
 
 nience firing. The coninumdinj^ officer at Wasliington Barracks will 
 arrange for the transmission of the necessary signals from the gate as 
 the President enters it. 
 
 As soon as the President leaves the post, his flag will be lowered 
 and returned to the ofticer in charge of public buildings and grounds, 
 b}^ the commanding officer at Washington Barracks. 
 
 (5. The commanding officer at Washington Barracks will detail at 
 least eight noncommissioned officers of good appearance to act as 
 gate keepers at the entrances to the reviewing stand. They should 
 include representatives from each branch of the service. 
 
 He will also detail about fifteen selected privates for sentry duty 
 about the site of the corner stone; these men should also represent all 
 branches of the service. 
 
 These noncommissioned officers and enlisted men should report to 
 the constructing engineer for special instructions not later than 10.30 
 a. m., February 21, 1903. 
 
 7. The band from Fort Mycr will furnish the necessar}" music for 
 the grand lodge and escort, on their way to and from the grounds at 
 Washington Barracks, in accordance with special instructions to be 
 issued later. 
 
 8. Special instructions for the aides of the Chief of Engineers and 
 for the Engineer band will be issued in due season. 
 
 By authority of the Secretary of War: 
 
 G. L. Gillespie, 
 Brig. Gen., Chief of Engineers^ 
 
 U. S. Army^ 
 Master of Ceremonies.
 
 4^ St. 
 
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 J. Deftu^ment Orrtita/tf^Curpt, 
 
 A' HowitfdCo/p.t. 
 
 I 4" Battery fletdAriitl fry. 
 
 M. Thxp 2''^CamJ/y I Presid^itsEscml ) 
 
 X. Cornerstone 
 
 OF THE 
 
 PRESIDENT or THE UNITED STATES 
 
 AND THE 
 
 SUCCESSIVE POSITIONS OF TROOPS 
 
 UNDtRCONtMANDOr 
 
 MajOT- WILLIAM jMURRAY BLACK. 
 
 Corps of Engineers, 
 
 U.S.Anny. 
 
 DUHI.SG THE CEREMONIES COIWECTED WITH 
 
 LAYING THE CORNER STONE 
 
 OFTllE 
 
 ~ -~ WAR COI.LElIE BUILDING 
 
 WASHINGTON nARnACKSD.C 
 F.>bnmi->- 21 . 1003.
 
 LETTEll TO COMMANDING OFFICER OF THE LIGHT BATTERY. 
 
 U. S. Engineer Office for erection of 
 New Building for Government Printing Office, 
 
 Washington^ D. 61, Fehrnary llf.^ 1903. 
 
 Captain: In reply to your letter of February 7, 1903, I have to 
 request that you will report with your battery at Washington 
 Barracks, I). C, not later than 10. 45 a. m., February 21, 1903; that 
 vou form in batterv facing- east on the east side of the main road as 
 near to the north end of the reservation as practicable and as far 
 east of the main road as practicable; this position is to be in lieu 
 of the (5ne prescribed in orders of the day, a copy of which was 
 sent you on February 6, 1903. In this position you will tire the 
 national salute as the President of the United States enters the 
 reservation. The iirst gun should not be fired until the President's 
 carriage is opposite the center of the battery, and the remaining 
 guns fired at suitable intervals as he moves on toward the site of 
 the corner stone. 
 
 The commanding officer at Washington Barracks will arrange to 
 transmit a signal to you as the President enters his carriage to 
 leave the post, and you are requested to fire the first gun of the 
 parting salute upon the receipt of this signal. The entire parting- 
 salute should be completed, if possible, by the time the President's 
 carriage reaches the gate of the reservation. 
 
 33 
 
 *T't »|-v.-, 
 
 iS';'2()3
 
 34 
 
 The firing- of the two salutes, as the President enters and leaves the 
 reservation, will comprise the entire duty of your battery on this 
 occasion. After the firing of the second salute, you will please take 
 your battery to its proper station. 
 
 By command of Brigadier-General Gillespie: 
 Very respectfully, 
 
 John Stephen Sewei.l, 
 
 Captain^ Corps of Enqi/neers^ 
 
 Per8<mal Aide. 
 
 Capt. S. M. FooTE, 
 
 Artillery Cc/vps^ U. S. Army, 
 
 Comdg. Fourth Battery, Field Artillery, 
 Fort Myer, Va. 
 
 O 
 
 ■■■'■ '"^ •» p n 'p * •^►t 
 
 ttK% 5 
 
 '-?
 
 ^S9 
 
 UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT LOS ANGELES 
 
 THE UNIVERSITY LIBRARY 
 This book is DUE on the last date stamped below 
 
 I 
 
 m 
 
 Form L-n 
 
 2Um-l.'42(JS51U) 
 
 u^iv 
 
 .^T' 
 
 jOHNIA 
 
 AX 
 
 LOS ANC^i^J-'^^ 
 UBRARY
 
 U413 
 
 'TU5 U. S. Engineer 
 d ept. - 
 
 ^yrwjrionies ab~th= 
 
 layin.3: of the corner- 
 stone of the kirmy^^yj^^.u 
 
 college buiidin^ 
 
 TT413 
 P7U5 
 
 ,^C SOUTHERN REGIONAL LIBRARY FACILITY 
 
 AA 000 492 179 
 
 I II III 
 
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