A ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. KENNY & Co., PRINTERS, 25, CAMDEN ROAD, LONDON, N.W. ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH : A SERIES OF CRITICISMS SHOWING THE OLD TESTAMENT REVISERS' VIOLATIONS OF THE LAWS OF THE LANGUAGE, ILLUSTRATED BY MORE THAN 1000 QUOTATIONS. (BEING PART II OF 'THE REVISERS' ENGLISH'.) BY G. WASHINGTON MOON, HON. F.E.S.L. Author of ' The Dean's English ', frc. " The care bestowed upon language is bestowed on the most perfect instrument of the mind, without which all other gifts are valueless." THE EDINBURGH REVIEW. LONDON 1IATCHARDS, PUBLISHEES, 187, PICCADILLY. 188% Dedication. I dedicate these Criticisms to one whose many excel- lencies endear him to the mightiest in the land, and whose additional commendation to me is his mastery over the English language. The purity of his diction, the felicity of his expressions, and the gracefulness of his style, are unsurpassed by those of any other of my literary correspondents. DEDICATED TO SIB ANDREW CLARK, BART., M.D., LL.D., F.R.S., F.E.C.P., &C. PREFACE. The recent Revision of the Sacred Scrip- tures occupied the most illustrious English scholars nearly fifteen years ; and such was the anticipated extent of the sale of the work, that the quantity of paper ordered for the edition was so enormous, that had the sheets been piled one upon another in reams as they left the mill, it was said that they would have formed a column ten times the height of St. Paul's Cathedral ; or, had they been made into a strip six inches wide, it would have been sufficient with which to "put a girdle round the world " ! Yet, within a few months of the issuing of that stupendous work, the great excitement which had heralded and accompanied its publication, died down; and so cooled became the once glowing ardour of the booksellers who, under its influence, had vi. PREFACE. been induced to make excessive purchases, that they were offering their surplus copies at less than half price, and offering them in vain. Englishmen had long regarded their Bible as the " well of English undefined " ; and many of them, when speaking of the then forthcoming Revision of the Sacred Scriptures, seemed, by their enthusiasm, to believe that, under the mighty influence of those learned Doctors, a miracle would be wrought, as of old, and the water of this well would, as it were, be changed into wine. Was there ever so joyful an antici- pation of a rich draught of delight so cruelly mocked as was this one by the discovery of the lamentable emptiness of the fiasco ? There was 110 wine in the cup ; and even the water from the old well was found, upon examination, to be charged with effete matter. But, whence was the bitterness of this dis- appointment the source of this Marah? It sprang from the ignorance of those who had entertained the sanguine belief respecting the wonders to be wrought by the Revisers. Those persons little knew the nature of the PREFACE. vii. education of the men who had been born in the early part of the present century. In those days the study of English was utterly ignored in the higher Schools and Colleges of the land. The writer gladly recognises the vast stores of learning possessed by the Revisers, and joins his countrymen in acknowledging the debt of gratitude due to those eminent scholars for so generously devoting their time and talents to the accomplishment of the great work. They did their duty nobly to the best of their ability, but they had not made English their study. What wonder, then, is it that their work is not characterized by purity of diction or elegance of style ? To say that there are errors in it, that those errors are gross, that their grossness is flagrant, and that they abound throughout the work, is indeed a grave charge to bring against it ; but, in the interests of our language, it must be brought ; and the gravity of the charge is the greater because of its transparent truth. But gross, and flagrant, and abounding as are the errors, they would be freely pardoned viii. PREFACE. had they been made by uneducated men. The gravamen is that the work, with all its faults, has gone forth to the world as the result of years of combined effort of England's most illustrious scholars ! And if the present state of our language a language glorified by being the vehicle for conveying to mankind the sublime thoughts of Milton and of Shakspeare be judged by the English of the Revisers, the world's unfaltering verdict upon it must be " Ichabod ! Ichabod ! " And shall we, by our silence, pardonable though it would be as emanating from respect to the Revisers, allow their English to be accepted as the accredited evidence of the accuracy, gracefulness, and strength to which our language has attained? The proud love which we cherish for our language impels us to say No ! But, 'even were Englishmen willing to be silent, sooner or later the truth would declare itself, and reveal to the world that a sacred trust having been committed to the Revisers to translate the Divine Records into faultless English based on the time-hallowed version PREFACE. ix. of 1611, the Revisers, instead of making the Scriptures a model of excellence the language worthy of the thoughts that it conveyed had given to the English-speaking peoples a work marred by violations of grammar, ungrace- fulness of style, and infelicities of expression, all evidencing but too plainly that however learned the Revisers were in the classic lan- guages of antiquity, they were not masters of their own mother tongue. In this sweep- ing charge, the writer does not wholly include the American Revisers. They suggested many- great improvements which were not carried out by their English collaborators, with whom rested the final decision in all matters. The reader will find in these pages a truthful exposure of the Revisers' most glaring errors of language, with chapter and verse for every quotation, so that the accuracy of the writer's statements may be tested. Were he not able thus to challenge investigation of the charges which he brings against the Revisers, he would shrink from publishing these criticisms, for he is certain that this work would not be received as truthful ; so difficult would it be to believe b x. PREFACE. that such errors had been committed by such men.* The task has not been an enviable one ; but no man should shrink from the performance of obvious duty. The exposure had to be made, and the writer has made it ; and he trusts that in so doing he has rendered some slight service to all students of the language. As for the work itself, he hopes that at some future time his labours will be useful to those who will not merely undertake the revision of the Sacred Scriptures, but will faithfully accomplish that which they undertake, and make the Word of God, what the writer has always contended that it should be, THE EM- BODIMENT OF THE PUREST TRUTH IN THE PUREST LANGUAGE. London, 1886. * " The Revised Old Testament represents the result of the patient deliberation of the best scholars of the whole English-speaking world." The Church Quarterly Review, July, 1885, p. 442. THE OLD TESTAMENT REVISERS, 1870-1885. ALEXANDER, Dr. W. L Prof essor of Theology, Con- gregational Church Hall, Edinburgh. BENSLY, Mr. R. L Fellow of Caius College, Cambridge. BIRRELL, Rev. J Professor of Oriental Lan- guages, St. Andrews. BROWNE, Dr. HAROLD Bishop of Ely. CHANCE, Dr. F. Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. CHENERY, Mr. T Lord Almoner's Professor of Arabic, Oxford. CHEYNE, Dr. T. K Fellow of Balliol College, Oxford. COOK, Eev. F. C Canon of Exeter. DAVIDSON, Dr. A. B Professor of Hebrew, Free Church College, Edin- burgh. DAA'IES, Dr. B Professor of Hebrew, Bap- tist College, Kegent's Park, London. DOUGLAS, Dr Professor of Hebrew, Free Church College, Glasgow. 62 xii. LIST OF REVISERS. DRIVER, Dr Eegius Professor of He- brew, Oxford. ELLIOTT, Kev. C. J Formerly Fellow of St. Catharine's College, Cam- bridge. FAIRBAIRN, Dr. P Principal of the Free Church, Glasgow. FIELD, Dr. F Formerly Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. GEDEN, Mr. J. D Professor of Hebrew, Wes- leyan College, Didsbury. GINSBTJRG, Dr. CHRISTIAN D. . .Editor of " The Massorah ", &c. GOTCH, Dr. F. W Principal of the Baptist College, Bristol. HARRISON, Rev. B Archdeacon of Maidstone. HERVEY, Lord ARTHUR Bishop of Bath and Wells. JEBB, Dr. JOHN Canon of Hereford. KAY, Dr. WILLIAM Honorary Canon of St. Albans. LEATHES, Rev. STANLEY Professor of Hebrew, King's College, London. LTJMBY, Dr. Norrisian Professor of Di- vinity, Cambridge. McGiLL, Rev. J Professor of Oriental Lan- guages, St. Andrews. OLLIVANT, Dr Bishop of Llandaff. PEROWNE, Dr. J. J. S Dean of Peterborough. PLUMPTRE, Dr. Dean of Wells. PUSEY, Dr Regius Professor of He- brew, Oxford. LIST OF REVISERS, xiii. ROSE, Archdeacon SAYCE, Rev. A. H Deputy Professor of Com- parative Philology, Ox- ford. SELWYN, Professor SMITH, Dr. PAYNE Dean of Canterbury. SMITH, Dr. W. ROBERTSON ...Professor of Hebrew in the Free Church, Aberdeen. THIRLWALL, Dr Bishop of St. David's. WEIR, Dr. D. II Professor of Oriental Lan- guages, Glasgow. WORDSWORTH, Dr Bishop of Lincoln. WRIGHT, Dr. AY Professor of Arabic, Cam- bridge. Of the above, Dr. Pusey and Canon Cook declined to serve ; the Bishop of Lincoln and Dr. Jebb soon with- drew ; and somewhat later Dr. Plumptre resigned. The following members died during the progress of the work: Mr. Chenery, Dr. B. Davies, Rev. C. J. Elliott, Dr. P. Fairbairn, Rev. J. McGill, Dr. Ollivant, Archdeacon Rose, Professor Selwyn, Dr. Thirlwall, and Dr. D. H. Weir. And Dr. W. L. Alexander and Dr. F. Field died during the interval between the completion and the publication of the work. The Secretary to the Old Testament Company was Mr. W. Aldis AV right, Fellow of Trinity College, Cambridge. The Company was strengthened by the cooperation of the American Revisers ; as was also the New Testament Company. CONTENTS. A. Page ' A' or 'an' 27, 63-70, 96, 101 Adjectives and adverbs 112, 116 'Afore' and 'before'... 15 4 After ',-' according to' 157 ' Afterward ' and ' after- wards ' 138, 139 'Again' 76-78, 211 Agur 129 Aha! for Ha, ha! 210 All of you 87, 88 'Also ', redundant 92 ' Alway ' and ' always ' 138 ' Am ', the verb ' to am' 103 Ambiguity 162, 163 Angels ' ascending and descending' 49 'Annul 'and 'disannul' 30, 31 ' Another ', for ' the other' 97-99 'Apparalled', for 'clothed' 18, 19 'Are 'and 'be' ...103-107 A son of man 100 ' As as ', and ' so as ' 151-151 Page Assembled together ... 80 ' Astonied ' and ' aston- ished' 15, 16 ' Attired ' and ' tired '. . . 22 ' Aught ' and ' ought '. . . 16 ' Augmenteth ', for ' in- creaseth' 19 Avenged of, for on 123 B. 'Back 'and 'backward' 28 ' Backward ' and ' back- wards' 139 Baker's ' Remarks on English' 1 Bath and Wells, Bishop of 11 Be, the verb ' to be '.. 103- 107, 154 ' Before ' and ' afore '. . . 15 ' Beside ' and ' besides ' 132-136 Bible, the 'Temple of Truth' 213-215 Black and white iden- tical 29 Blackness and paleness 28 Bloomed blossoms . . 79 CONTENTS. Page ' Both ', redundant ... 85 Eothofthem 87-89 Both of those right 89, 90 Brass, a natural pro- duct 209 'Bridles 'for 'bits' ... 209 Brokenhearted 17 Budded buds 99 ' Builded ' and ' built '.. 14 ' But ', the meaning of 85, 86 'But 'redundant 86 'But', for 'that' 85 C. ' Cankerworm ' 17 'Chiefest' 27 ' Clothed ' and ' appa- ralled' 18, 19 Collocation of words... 52 Colour, non-existent... 29 Comma, its importance 212 ' Common Errors in Speaking and Writ- ing' : 33 Compound words ...17, 18 ' Congregation ', singu- lar and plural 39 Convocation's vote of thanks 5 Corpses, live and dead. 212 Cowper quoted 35 ' Cry with my voice '. . . 80 D. Page Darwinism 29 ' Dead body that is dead' 79 Dead corpses 212 ' Deceased ' for ' dead ' 18 ' Depart away ' 85 ' Descending' and 'as- cending' 49 'Despite' 123 ' Devised devices ' 80 ' Diminished ' and ' mi- nished' 20 ' Disannul ' and ' annul ' 30, 31 ' Doubled ' twice 77 'Downward' and 'down- wards ' 139 ' D rave ' and ' drove '. . . 15 ' Dwelled 'and 'dwelt' 15 E. Each of them 87, 88 Each one 148 ' Eagle ', for ' eagle's ' . 210 Earth, neuter and femi- nine 30 'Eat'and'eafcup' ... 148 ' Edinburgh Review.'... 10 ' Either ', for ' each ' ... 144, 145 ' Else but ', for ' else than' . 91 CONTENTS. xvii. Page ' Else save ', for ' else than' 91 Emphasis, the place of 55,62 Eud, no or none 70 Errors, cause of the Revisers' 102 ' Established' and ' ata- blished' 19, 20 Esther, Queen 127 Eunuch, a or an ... 69, 70 ' Ever ' and ' never' ... 161 'Ever and ever' 176 ' Every drove by them- selves'' 143 ' Every man by their families' 144 ' Exceeding ' for ' ex- ceedingly' 115, 116 ' Exceeding magnificat' 116 ' Except ', for ' unless ' 205-207 'Expended' 7 Eye, no or none 70 F. Feet, stood on 79 ' Firstripe' 17 ' For ' before infinitives 117-119 'Forever' 78 ' For ', redundant 119 Page ' Forward ' and ' for- wards ' 139 G. Garment, an hairy 27 ' Gathered to- his fa- tliers' 28 ' Gathered up his feet ' 28 German revision of Luther's Bible 12 Gift, to take 28 'Good English' 11 Grammar, the Revisers' 32 ' Grapegather ers ' 17 H. H, a and an before ...63-67 H, my and mine before 63, 73, 74 H, thy and thine before 64, 72 Ha, ha! or aha! 210 ' Had rather be ' 190 'Hairy 'and "airy' ... 68 Hairy garment, an 27 Hairy man, a 27,68 Hairy man, an 27, 68 Hairy mantle, a 27 Half, 'one half 148 Handmaids 30 ' Hardly', its two mean- ings 25 ' Harlots unto the lung ' 53 XV111. CONTENTS. ' Heard with our ears '. 80 ' Heart deceitful above all things' 129 ' Heavier than them ' .. 213 Hebrew language 76 ' Hence ' and ' from hence' 74-176 Hermaphrodites 30 Hiatus 69 ' Homer ' or ' omer ' ... 26 Honour 74 I. If ' and though ' 205 If, for 'whether' ... 205 'In' and 'on' 122 ' In ', f or ' into ' 119-121 'In'or'on' 61 Inconsistency ...9, 26, 112 ' Increaseth ' and ' aug- menteth' 19 Infinitive past, for pre- sent 7 Inhabitant, no and none 71 ' Inward ' and ' in- wards ' 139 lOTOpia 14 ' Its ', date of introduc- tion into Bible 208 J. Joash and Jehoash 201 Joahaz and Jehoahaz... 201 Journey, to take 28 K. Page Kneeling on his knees. 79 Knowledge and wis- dom 35 L. 'Last end' 95 Latinisms 18 ' Latter end 95 ' Let ', its two mean- ings 22 ' Lettan ', to hinder ... 22 Levins, Peter, quoted . 14 Levity 68 ' Look sad ' and ' look sadly' 114 Lightning and thunder 48 Live corpses 212 ' Lostan ' to loose 22 ' Loose ' and ' unloose '. 31 Lowth, Bishop, quoted 1 M. Maacah, Rehoboam's wife 128 Maids 30 Man, a or an hairy ... 27 ' Manipulus Vocabu- lorum' 14 Mantle, a hairy 27 ' Mmished ' and ' di- minished' 20 Mood, sub j unctive 107-111 CONTENTS. xix. Page Moses, meeker than all men 127 Multitude, noun of ... 6 ' Multitude ', singular or plural 39 N. ' Naught ' and ' nought ' 16 ' Naughty ' and ' noughty' 16 ' Never ', for ' ever ' ... 161 ' Nitre ', for ' natron '. . . 208 ' No end ' and ' none end' 70 ' No eye ' and ' none eye' 70 ' No inhabitant ' and ' none inhabitant ' ... 71 'No nor' 159 'No or' 159 'No' or 'not' 154, 155 'None' and 'no one'... 71 ' None other ' and ' no other' 131 ' None ', singular or plural 71 'Not-nor' 156 'Not or' 156 Noun of multitude ... 6 0. '0' and 'Oh' 201-204 Of ; ' all of ', ' both of ', each of ' 87, 147 'Of, for 'by', for 'on' for* with' 122,213 ' Of, omitted 124, 125 ' Of , redundant 124 ' Of them ', redundant 161 ' Orner ' or ' homer ' ... 26 One; 'each one' 148 'One half 148 Oneness of all animals 29 Oneness of all colours 29 One ; ' such a one ', or 'such an one' 70 Other; 'none or no "... 131 'Other', omitted.. .126, 130 'Other '.redundant 130, 132 ' Outward ' and ' out- wards' 139 ' Ought ' and ' aught ' .. 16 P. Pale, waxed 28, 29 ' Parted them both asunder' 85 .Participle, present for past 7 Past infinitive, for pre- sent 7-10 ' People of his pasture' 201 ' People ', singular or plural 37, 38 'Peoples' 39, 40 'Persons' 39, 40 Perspicuity 52 XX. CONTENTS. Page ! ' Pitched with pitch ' .. 79 'Plain' or 'plainly'... 112, 115 ' Plaiatered with plais- ter 79 Positive assertions, weak 175, 176 ' Praying a prayer ' ... 79 ' Precede ' or ' prevent ' 22 Prepositions 122 'Prevent' 121 'Probe-biber 12 Pronouns, ambiguous.. 162, 163 Pronouns, errors in ... 167, 173 Pronouns, redundant .. 83, 92-94 Pronouns, relative.. 164-1 66 ' Pr uninghooks ' 17 K. Rams' skins 18 Rather; 'had rather be' 190 Redundancy... 75-82 Rise up 84 S. ' Sarai Abraham's wife' 211 Saxon words 18 Sea, masculine, femi- nine and neuter 30 Seal skins .. 18 Page Second times, two 212 ' See it with thine eyes ' 80 Sequence of words... 47- 60, 183, 190-193 Shakspeare quoted ... 23 ' Shall' and ' will '..177-182 ' Sheep of his hand ' ... 210 'Sicko/love' 212, 213 Smith, John, his book 174 'So as ' and as as'... 151-154 Solomon wiser than . all men 126 Somersetshire witness 163 'Son of man' 100 ' Speak plain ', or ' plain- ly' 112, 113 ' Spite ' and ' despite ' .. 123 ' Stablished ' and ' es- tablished' 20 Stargazers 17 ' Stole ' and ' stole a- way' 28 ' Stone him with stones ' 82, 83 ' Stood up on his feet ' 79 'Storehouse' 17 ' Storeys ' and ' stories ' 1 4 ' Stories ' in the ark ... 14 ' Strewed ', ' strawed ' or'strowed' 26 ' Stronghold ' and 'strong hold' 17 CONTENTS. xxi. Page Subjunctive mood 107-111, 183 ' Such a one ' and ' such an one ' 70 Swallowed ' up ' and 'down', 149, 150 T. Take, a gift and a journey 28 Tautology 10, 75-82 ' Tell', to count 23, 24 Temple of Truth, the Bible 213-215 Tentative Edition of Revision 12 'Than' 132 'Than them' 213 'The', 'a', or 'an' ...96, 97 'Thee', for 'thou' 170, 186 ' Them ' and ' those ' . . . 172 ' Thence ' and ' from thence' 194-196 ' The son of man ', for ' a son of man ' 100 ' This ' and ' that ' 200 ' This twenty years ' and 'these twenty years' 141 ' Though ', for ' if ' 205 ' Thunder and light- ning' 48 ' Thy ' and ' thine ' 72 ' Tidings ', singular and plural 43 ' Time past ' and ' times past' 139 Times, The, quoted ...5, 13 ' Tired ' and ' attired ' . 22 ' Tired wheels ' 22 ' To ' and ' unto ' 121 Tongue, ' in ' or ' on ' the 61 ' Toward ' and ' to- wards'... .. 139 U. ' Unless ' and ' except ' 205-207 ' Unloose ' and ' loose ' . 31 ' Unto ' and ' to ' 121 Up; 'eat up' 148, 149 Up ; ' swallowed up ' 149, 150 ' Upward ' and ' up- wards'... .. 139 Vacillation of the Re- visers 137 ' Vanish away ' 84 Verb, its primary im- portance 32 XX11. CONTENTS. Page Verbs, errors in. ..33, 41-49, 183-189 ' Vomit them up again' 78 Vote of thanks to the Revisers 6 W. 'Waxed pale' 28, 29 Weighed out, ' ex- pended' 7 ' Weight... in weight ' . 10 ' Whence ' and ' from whence' 194-196 ' Whether ' and 'if ... 205 ' Which ', for ' who ' ... 10 ' While ' and ' whiles '.. 141 ' Who ' and ' which ' 164-166 Page Whom ; ' the man's rod whom' 173 'Will' and 'shall'... 177-182 'Wilt', for 'wiliest'... 204 ' Widow woman ' 81 ' Wisdom ' and ' know- ledge' 35 Wisdom, its existence ignored 36 ' Women servants ' ... 30 ' Wonderful great ' ... 116 Y. Years, ' this twenty ' and ' these twenty ' . 141 'You' and 'ye' ...166, 170 Youth, ' like an eagle '. 210 INDEX OF TEXTS. GENESIS. Genesis (con.) Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. ii. ... 15 ... 118 XV. ... 1 ... 115 17 ... 76 9 ... 65 18 ... 65 10 ... 98 29 ... 65 xvi. ... 1 65,210,211 21 ... 162 xvii. ... 6 ... 115 iii. ... 6 ... 118 xviii. ... 2 ... 183 iv. 2 211 21 ... 205 12 ... 30 xix. ... 12 ... 134 13 ... 179 XX. ... 1 ... 196 14 ... 179 xxi. ... 16 ... 183 17 ... 162 xxii. ... 4 ... 183 22 ... 124 6 ... 88 vi. ... 5 ... 122 8 ... 88 6 ... 122 xxiii. ... 6 ... 86 7 ... 89 xxiv. ... 11 ... 118 13 ... 122 23 ... 76 14 ... 79 XXV. ... 25 ... 27,68 16 ... 13 xxvi. ... 1 ... 135 17 ... 56, 122 17 ... 196 vii. ... 21 ... 90 22 ... 196 viii. ... 3 ... 65 xxvii. ... 11 ... 27,68 8 ... 204 21 ... 155 10 ... 130 xxviii. ... 12 ... 49 20 ... 14 17 ... 130 ix. ... 20 ... 65 xxix. ... 4 ... 106 xii. ... 12 ... 179 xxxi. ... 18 ... 117 17 ... 210,211 19 ... 28 xiii. ... 12 ... 15 20 ... 28 18 ... 14,15 38 ... 141 XXIV. INDEX OF TEXTS. Genesis (con.) Genesis (con.) Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. xxxi. ... 41 ... 142 xliii. ... 3 ... 205 42 ... 205 5 ... 205 46 ... 65 10 ... 205 49 ... 98 14 ... 183 50 ... 135 22 121 xxxii. ... 16 ... 143 34 ... 152 22 ... 30 35 ... 152 26 ... 205 xliv. ... 1 ... 152 xxxiii. ... 11 ... 28 23 ... 205 12 ... 28 26 ... 205 17 ... 65 xlvi. ... 15 ... 107 xxxiv. ... 12 ... 161 xlvii. ... 4 ... 118 15 ... 106 xlix. ... 13 ... 65 22 ... 106 33 ... 28 30 ... 177 1. ... 25 ... 196 31 ... 65 26 ... 120 xxxvi. ... 15 ... 113 43 ... 106 EXODUS. xxxvii. ... 14 ... 205 Chap. Ver. Page. 32 ... 154 i. ... 7 ... 115 xxxix 5 ... 55 iii. ... 5 ... 79 6 ... 55 iv. ... 18 ... 205 xl. ... 7 ... 114 v. ... 8 ... 20 10 ... 205 19 ... 20 13 ... 72 vi. ... 14 ... 107 19 ... 72 ix. ... 16 ... 117 21 ... 76 24 ... 44 xli. ... 32 ... 77 31 ... 33 48 ... 36 x. ... 19 ... 115 57 ... 117 26 ... 65 xlii. .. . 7 ... 117 ,196 xii. ... 9 ... 156 13 ... 183 16 ... 122 15 ... 205 33 ... 81 32 ... 183 45 ... 65 INDEX OF TEXTS. XXV. Exodus (con.) Exodus (cow.) Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. xiii. . .. 19 ... 196 XXX. .. 23 ... 153 21 ... 118 xxxii. .. 20 ... 26 xiv. . .. 8 ... 65 xxxiii. .. 4 ... 43 13 ... 78 15 ... 196 26 ... 77 XXXV. ... 23 ... 18, 2'J XV. . .. 18 ... 176 25 ... 91 26 ... 183 35 ... 171, 172 xvi. .. 4 ... 155 xxxvi. .. 19 ... 57 16 ... 26 22 ... 99 27 ... 117 29 ... 88 xvii. . .. 7 ... 155 xxxvii. .. 9 ... 98 xviii. . .. 4 ... 64 26 ... 91 xix. . .. 6 ... 65 xl. .. 37 ... 110 16 ... 39, 115 XX. . .. 18 ... 48 LEVITICUS. xxi. .. 15 ... 183 Chap. Ver. Page. 16 ... 183 viii. .. 4 ... 39 29 ... 139 ix. .. 17 ... 134, 135 36 ... 139 22 ... 124, 183 xxii. . .. 8 ... 205 x. .. 1 ... 87, 146 xxiii. . .. 11 ... 73 12 ... 134, 147 12 ... 73 14 ... 107 26 ... 160 xi. .. 1 ... 121 XXV. . .. 18 ... 98 31 ... 107 20 ... 98 xiii. .. 1 ... 121 22 ... 57 XV. .. . 1 ... 121 25 ... 65 xvii. .. . 3 ... 101 30 ... 138 XX. .. 2 ... 82 xxvi. . .. 14 ... 56 8 ... 183 17 ... 99 11 ... 88 xxviii. . .. 32 ... 63 12 ... 88 xxix. .. 28 ... 66 13 ... 88 40 ... 66 18 ... 88 XXX. . .. 15 ... 167 xxiii. .. . 12 ... 63,67 INDEX OF TEXTS. Leviticus (con.) Numbers (con.) Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. xxiii. ... 22 ... 168 xii. ... 3 ... 127 38 ... 135 14 ... 78 xxiv. ... 16 ... 82 15 ... 78 20 ... 77 18 ... 205 23 ... 83 19 ... 205 XXV. ... 47 ... 134 20 ... 205 xxvi. ... 34 ... 153 xiii. ... 18 ... 38 35 ... 153 28 ... 38,107 xxvii. ... 16 ... 67 31 ... 106 27 ... 73 xiv. ... 7 ... 115 10 ... 83 NUMBERS. 13 ... 179 Chap. Ver. Page. xv. ... 35 ... 83 i. ... 44 ... 148 36 ... 83 ii. ... 24 ... 67 xvi. ... 3 ... 39 34 ... 144 32 ... 150 iv. ... 45 ... 107 33 ... 150 v. ... 20 ... 72,132 49 ... 134 26 ... 66 xvii. ... 5 .. 173 vi. ... 9 ... 134 8 ... 79 vii. ... 13 ... 88 27 ... 205 19 ... 88 29 ... 143 25 ... 88 xix. ... 13 ... 79 31 ... 88 xx. ... 17 ... 156 37 ... 88 xxi. ... 2 ... 74 43 ... 88 32 ... 15 49 ... 88 xxii. ... 29 ... 74 55 ... 88 xxiii. ... 5 ... 121 61 ... 88 10 ... 95 67 ... 88 12 ... 121 73 ... 88 16 ... 121 79 ... 88 19 ... 101 ix. ... 16 ... 138 xxv. ... 13 ... 121 18 ... 153 xxviii. ... 10 ... 135 INDEX OF TEXTS. xxvn. Numbers (con.} Chap. Ver. Page. xxviii. ... 15 ... 135 Deuteronomy (con.) Chap. Ver. Page v. ... 32 ... 156 24 ... 135 vi. ... 23 ... 196 31 ... 135 24 ... 138 xxix. ... 6 ... 135 vii. ... 4 ... 168 11 ... 135 viii. ... 2 ... 155 16 ... 135 9 ... 208 19 ... 135 13 ... 44 22 ... 135 14 ... 165 25 ... 135 15 ... 165 28 ... 135 ix. ... 12 ... 196 31 ... 135 x. ... 5 ... 106 34 ... 135 14 ... 42 38 ... 135 15 ... 128 39 ... 135 xi. ... 1 ... 138 XXX. ... 6 ... 63 12 ... 138 14 ... 111 30 ... 134 16 ... 67, 106 xii. ... 22 ... 45 xxxi. ... 28 ... 89 xiii. ... 9 ... 139 30 ... 89 10 ... 83 xxxvi. ... 5 ... 115 xiv. ... 2 ... 128 23 ... 138 DEUTERONOMY. Chap. Ver. Page. i. ... 1 ... 106 27 ... 29 ... xvi. ... 21 ... 159 159 134 11 ... 153 xvii. ... 7 ... 138 39 ... 181 11 ... 156 ii. ... 5 ... 154 20 ... 156 7 ... 72 xviii. ... 1 ... 159 24 ... 72 8 ... 135 27 ... 121 xix. ... 2 ... 83 iv. ... 1 ... 118 3 ... 83 42 ... 139 4 ... 139 v. ... 15 ... 196 6 ... 139 29 ... 66, 138 19 ... 8 c 2 INDEX OF TEXTS. Deuteronomy (con.) Chap. Ver. Page. xxi. ... 1 ... 83 Joalma (con.) Chap. Ver. ii. ... 2 ... Page. 118 21 ... 83 V. ... 15 ... 79 xxii. ... 1 ... 172 vi. ... 21 ... 90 2 ... 172 vii. ... 9 ... 178 21 ... , 83 12 ... 205 22 ... 67 25 ... 83 24 ... 83 ix. ... 8 ... 196 xxiii. ... 18 ... 88 X. ... 18 ... 118 xxiv. ... 1 ... 121 xii. ... 9 ... 134 3 ... 121 xvi. ... 10 ... 15 XXV. ... 11 ... 118 xvii. ... 18 ... 183 xxvi. ... 3 ... 118 xxi. ... 42 ... 144 xxvii. ... 2 ... 79 xxii. ... 14 ... 144 4 ... 79, 107 xxiii. ... 6 ... 156 8 ... 112 xxiv. ... 13 ... 166 xxviii. ... 1 ... 128 14 ... 156 JUDGES. 29 ... 138 Chap Ver. Tage. xxix. ... 5 ... 168 i. ... 20 ... 15 10 ... 86 21 ... 185 11 ... 168 ii. 22 155 xxxi. ... 6 ... 156 iii. ... 17 ... 54 27 ... 141 iv. ... 21 ... 66,67 xxxii. ... 29 ... 95 vi. ... 13 ... 110,202 30 ... , 205 15 ... 202 xxxiii. ... 17 ... 88 31 ... 110 29 ... 73 vii. ... 10 ... 120 xxxiv. ... 4 ... 80 14 ... 91 viii. ... 5 ... 106 JOSHUA . 18 ... 148 Chap Ver. Page. ix. ... 33 ... 37 i. ... 6 ... 156, 157 34 ... 37 7 ... 156, 157 xi. ... 26 ... 107 11 ... 83 xii. ... 6 ... 113 INDEX OF TEXTS. Judges (con.) 1 Samuel (con.') Chap. Ver. 1 'age. Chap. Ver. I age. xiii. .. 4 ... 1.-9 xxi. ... 9 ... 131 7 ... 159 xxiv. ... 11 ... 73 xiv. .. 16 ... 156 XXV. ... 22 ... 153 XX. .. 10 ... 66 34 ... 205 48 ... 88 xxix ... 6 ... 41 8 ... 153 RUTH. XXX. ... 6 ... 82 Chap. Ver. Page. i. .. 18 ... 117 2 SAMUEL. ii. .. 14 ... 134 Chap. Ver. Page. iv. .. 1 ... 70 i. ... 4 ... 106 7 ... 118 5 ... 106 11 ... 72 25 ... 64 12 ... 72 ii. ... 19 ... 156 iii. 13 ... 205 1 SAMUEL. 17 ... 139 Chap. Ver. ] 3g6. iv. ... 6 ... 205 i. .. 6 ... 118 8 ... 123 13 ... 83 V. ... 2 ... 140 ii. .. 2 ... 135 6 ... 205 29 ... 7 vii. ... 22 ... 135 34 ... 88 23 ... 169 vi. . .. 12 ... 156 28 ... 107 ix. . 22 27 viii. ... 1 ... 209 X. .. 5 ... 67 ix. ... 10 ... 138 xii. . .. 8 ... 165 X. ... 4 ... 148 xiv. . .. 7 ... 72 xi. ... 8 ... 72 XV. . .. 3 ... 90 10 ... 72 xvii. . .. 5 ... 66 xii. ... 2 ... 116 38 ... 66 18 ... 141 xix. . .. 11 ... 180, 181 21 ... 141 XX. . .. 14 ... 141 22 ... 141 20 ... 205 33 ... 116 xxi. . .. 7 ... 27 xiv. .. 5 ... 73 .81 XXX. INDEX OF TEXTS. 2 Samuel (con.) 1 Kings (con.) Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. xiv. ... 6 ... 72 xii. ... 27 ... 181 7 ... 72 xiii. ... 6 ... 77 15 ... 72 14 ... 184 17 ... 72 26 ... 165 t XV. . .. 30 ... 39 XV. ... 22 ... 183 xviii. . .. 25 ... 43 xvii. ... 9 ... 81 xxi. . .. 16 ... 10 14 ... 108 xxiii. . .. 1 ... 107 xviii. ... 3 ... 165 12 ... 181 1 KINGS. 14 ... 181 Chap. Ver. Page. 21 ... 110 i. . . 14 ... 141 xix. ... 19 ... 165 ii. . .. 23 ... 108 XX. ... 3 ... 41 26 ... 186 20 ... 66 iii. . .. 16 ... 52 xxi. ... 13 ... 83 iv. . .. 30 ... 126 31 ... 126 vi. . .. 23 ... 98 S KINGS. 24 ... 184 Chap. Ver. Page. 27 ... 98 i. ... 8 ... 27,68 vii. . .. 31 ... 66 ii. ... 10 ... 68 viii. . .. 1 ... 79 11 ... 68,85 5 ... 24 19 ... 16 6 ... 122 iii. ... 16 ... 200 42 ... 181 17 ... 200 54 ... . 79 iv. ... 1 ... 73 ix. . .. 15 ... 118 24 ... 205 x. . .. 7 ... 35 39 ... 117 15 ... 40 vi. ... 15 ... 66 19 ... 145 vii. 2 80 21 ... 71 ,183 ix. ... 30 ... 22 24 ... 121 X. ... 15 ... 72 xi. . .. 26 ... 81 xi. ... 2 ... 200 xii. . .. 18 ... 83 21 ... 200 INDEX OF TEXTS. XXXI. 2 King s (COM.) 1 CHRONICLES. Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. xii. ... 1 ... 200 vii. ... 3 ... 88 2 200 ix. ... 20 ... 139 4 ... 200 xi. ... 2 140 6 ... 200 xiii. ... 6 ... 195 7 ... 200 xvi. ... 36 ... 176 11 ... 24 xvii. ... 16 ... 63 18 ... 200 xix. ... 3 ... 118 ID ... 200 xxi. ... 3 ... 153 20 ... 200 xxii. ... 5 ... 116 xiii. ... 1 ... 200 xxiii. ... 17 ... 131 9 ... 200 xxviii. ... 2 ... 79 10 ... 200 xx ix. ... 7 ... 67 12 ... 200 10 ... 176 13 ... 200 11 ... 42 14 ... 200 25 ... 200 xiv. ... 1 ... 200 2 CHRONICLES. 8 ... 99 Chap. Ver. Page. 11 ... 99 i. ... 12 ... 34 13 ... 200 ii. ... 9 ... 116 XV. ... 19 ... 118 v. ... 12 ... 88 xvi. ... 8 ... 44 vi. ... 14 ... 159, 165 xviii. ... 18 ... 165 15 ... 165 34 ... 43 18 ... 15 37 ... 165 33 ... 15 xix. ... 13 ... 42 vii. ... 22 ... 165 28 ... 208 viii. ... 18 ... 195 35 ... 212 ix. ... 8 ... 118 XX. ... 3 ... 15 11 ... 71 4 ... 15 18 ... 145 xxii. ... 2 156 23 ... 120 xxiii. ... 29 ... 163 x. ... 16 ... 144 XXV. ... 5 ... 50 18 ... 83 10 ... 51 xi. ... 18 ... 128 INDEX OF TEXTS. 2 Chronicles (con.) Nell e miah (con . ) Chap. Ver Page. Chap. Ver. Page. xi. .. 20 128 ix. .. 5 ... 176 21 128 19 ... 117 XV. . .. 2 141 xii. .. . 27 ... 90 xvi. . .. 1 157 xvii. . .. 19 135 ESTHER. 6 135 Chap. Ver. Page. xviii. . . 9 144,145,146 i. .. . 17 ... 181 xxiv. . .. 21 83 20 ... 181 XXV. . .. 17 99 ii. .. . 11 ... 181 19 64 14 ... 205 21 99 17 ... 127 xxviii. . .. 6 53 iii. .. . 8 ... 128 xxix. . .. 8 66 iv. .. . 4 ... 116 xxxii. . .. 7 ... 39,40 14 ... 110 xxxiv. . .. 3 141 v. .. . 3 ... 204 4 26 7 ... 13 ... lf>3 EZRA. vi. .. . 13 ... 110 Chap. Ver. Page. viii. .. 5 ... 110 vii. . .. 27 121 viii. . .. 20 88 JOB. 22 41 Chap. Ver. Page. 33 ... 41,45 i. .. . 7 ... 196 ix. . n 1 116 10 ... 66 ii. .. . 2 ... 196 NEHEMIAH. iii. .. . 16 ... 66 Chap. Ver. Page. 17 ... 107 ii. . .. 2 91 18 ... 107 5 110 v. .. . 9 ... 165 10 119 11 ... 107 12 121 vii. .. . 9 ... 84 iii. . .. 23 133 16 ... 138 iv. . . 3 181 19 ... 149 vii. . . 5 .. 63, 121 viii. .. 7 ... 95 IXDEX OF TEXTS. XXXlll. Job (con.*) Psalms (con.) Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. viii. ... 20 ... 60 vii. ... 9 ... 203 ix. ... 30 ... 161 10 ... 165 X. ... 18 ... 70 viii. ... 4 ... 101 19 ... 205 ix. ... 5 ... 175 xii. ... 2 ... 85 x. ... 16 ... 176 13 ... 36 xiv. ... 2 ... 204 16 ... 41 xvi. ... 8 ... 138 xiv. .. 3 ... 70 xvii. ... 7 ... 60 XV. ... 21 ... 46 xix. ... 11 ... 124 xviii. ... 2 ... 139 xxi. ... 4 ... 17(5 xix. ... 3 ... 25 xxiii. ... 6 ... 181 XX. ... 15 ... 78, 149 XXV. ... 16 ... 170 18 ... 149 17 ... 202 23 ... 141 20 ... 202 xxi. ... 21 ... 46 xxvii. ... 7 ... 80 xxiv. ... 15 ... 70 13 ... 206 25 ... 109 xxxiii. ... 19 ... 118 XXV. ... 6 ... 100 xxxiv. ... 18 ... 105 xxvii. ... 6 ... 153 XXXV. ... 14 ... 205 xxviii. ... 22 ... 80 26 ... 64 XXX. ... 1 ... 9 xxxvi. ... 10 ... 202 5 ... 55 xxxviii. ... 4 ... 66 xxxi. ... 11 ... 66 xl. ... 3 ... 121 xxxiv. ... 33 ... 204 12 ... 73 XXXV. ... 8 ... 100, 101 xliii. ... 1 ... 202 xxxvi. ... 20 ... 39 3 ... 202 xxxix. ... 16 ... 205 xliv. ... 26 ... 84 25 ... 209 xiv. ... 6 ... 176 xl. ... 8 ... 31 17 ... 176 xlii. ... 12 ... 95 xlviii. ... 14 ... 176 xlix. ... 7 ... 160 PSALMS. 18 ... 141 Chap Ver. Page. ]. ... 21 ... 70 vii. ... 2 ... 141 lii. ... 8 ... 176 XXXIV. INDEX OF TEXTS. Psalms (ccn?) Psalms (con.) Chap. Ver. Pfl - L. '-.'. Chap. Ver. Page. liv. ... 4 ... 64 xcviii. ... 1 ... 45 Ivi. ... 8 ... 24 c. ... 3 ... 210 Iviii. ... 5 ... 161 ci. ... 2 202 7 ... 205 cii. ... 27 ... 70 Ixi. ... 7 ... 202 ciii. ... 5 ... 209 Ixii. ... 7 ... 41 9 ... 138 Ixiii. ... 4 ... 141 10 ... 157 Ixiv. ... 6 ... 41 civ. ... 1 ... 19 Ixvii. ... 4 ... 202 33 ... 141 Ixviii. ... 21 ... 70 cvi. ... 4 ... 202 Ixix. ... 6 ... 172 cix. ... 26 ... 202 16 ... 170 cxix. ... 8 ... 202 31 ... 101 10 ... 202 Ixxi. ... 8 ... 74 44 ... 176 Ixxii. ... 5 ... 152 50 ... 73 Ixxiii. ... 26 ... 43,44 92 ... 73, 206 Jxxiv. ... 19 ... 202 96 ... 116 21 ... 202 97 ... 202 Ixxx. ... 17 ... 100 112 ... 73 Ixxxiv. ... 2 ... 44 147 ... 21 10 ... 190 161 ... 73 Ixxxv. ... 12 ... 181 cxxiv. ... 8 ... 165 13 ... 181 cxxv. ... 4 ... 105 Ixxxvi. ... 16 ... 202 cxxvii. ... 1 ... 205 Ixxxvii. ... 5 ... 45 cxxxi. ... 1 ... 186 Ixxxviii... 10 ... 18 cxxxii. ... 4 ... 157 13 ... 21 cxxxv. ... 21 ... 165 Ixxxix. ... 47 ... 202 cxxxix. ... 4 ... 61 xc. ... 14 ... 202 10 ... 181 xciii. ... 1 ... 18,19 24 ... 204 2 ... 19 cxliv. ... 3 ... 101 xciv. ... 17 ... 206 14 ... 41 xcv. ... 6 ... 201 cxlv. ... 1 ... 176 7 ... 201,210 2 176 INDEX OF TEXTS. XXXV. Psalms (con.) Proverbs (eon.) Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. cxlvi. ... 3 ... 100 XX. ... 10 ... 88 5 ... 166 12 ... 88 6 ... 166 14 ... 16 7 ... 166 17 ... 139 cxlvii. ... 4 ... 24 xxi. ... 8 ... 116 7 ... 166 20 ... 42, 149 8 ... 166 xxiv. ... 10 ... 110 11 ... 171 21 ... 171 20 ... 128 XXV. ... 16 ... 153 cxlviii. ... 6 ... 176 20 ... 207 xxvi. ... 4 ... 92 xxvii. ... 3 ... 212 PROVERBS. 9 ... 50 Chap. Ver. Page. xx vi". - 8 ... 19 i. ... 16 ... 118 14 ... 138 23 ... 170 ! xxix. ... 12 ... 107 27 ... 34,43 xxx. ... 2 129 ii. ... 6 ... 43 13 ... 202 iii. ... 16 ... 187 18 ... 104 iv. ... 16 ... 206 24 ... 104, 116 27 ... 156 29 ... 104 v. ... 11 ... 44 xxxi. ... 26 ... 60 19 ... 138 vi. ... 16 ... 104 ECCLESIASTES. viii. ... 30 ... 138 Chap. Ver. Page. x. ... 22 ... 93 ii. ... 13 ... 153 24 ... 94 iii. ... 12 ... 153 xvi. ... 18 ... 66 iv. ... 8 ... 70 24 ... 66 16 ... 70 xvii. ... 15 ... 87 v. ... 2 55, 188 xviii. ... 4 ... 188 8 ... 27 11 ... 67 vii. ... 24 ... 116 xix. ... 2 94 ix. ... 8 ... 138 XX. ... 3 ... 74 1 xii. ... 12 ... 70 XXXVI. INDEX OF TEXTS. CANTICLES. Isaiah (con.) Chap Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. ii. ... 5 ... 212 xxxi. ... 6 ... 170 V. ... 8 ... 212 xxxii. ... 2 66 10 ... 27 4 ... 113 viL ... 12 ... 204 xxxiv. ... 10 ... 156, 176 16 ... 71,92 XXXV. ... 6 ... 66 ISAIAH. 8 ... 201 Chap Ver. Page. xxxvi. ... 19 ... 43 i. ... 6 ... 28 xxxvii. ... 29 ... 208 9 ... 205 36 ... 212 iii. ... 7 ... 66 xli.... 22 ... 117 V. ... 7 ... 189 xliii. ... 11 ... 135 10 ... 26 13 ... 23 13 ... 39 xliv. ... 6 ... 135 29 ... 209 8 ... 135 vi. ... 2 ... , 148 xlv. ... 6 ... 135 vii. ... 19 ... 88 24 ... 45 viii. ... 6 ... 37 xlvii. ... 9 ... 123 ix. ... 7 ... 70 10 ... 34 13 ... 38 13 ... 17 xi. ... 9 ... 156 xlviii. ... 5 ... 45, 92 11 ... 211 xlix. ... 22 73 xiv. ... 27 ... 31 26 ... 54 xvi. ... 11 ... 66 5 ... 28 xxii. ... 16 ... 66 1. ... 6 ... 28 xxiii. ... 16 ... 67 li. ... 6 ... 84 XXV. ... 4 ... 184 8 ... 148 xxviii. ... 18 ... 31 12 ... 101 29 ... 165 23 ... 121 xxix. ... 8 ... 66 Hi. ... 14 ... 15 XXX. ... 8 ... 176 liii. ... 2 ... 159 13 ... 67 Iv. ... 6 ... 141 17 ... 66 10 ... , 47 28 ... 209 Ivi. . 2 101 INDEX OF TEXTS. XXXVll. Isaiah (cow.) Jeremiah (con.) Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. Ivi. ... 7 ... 73 xvi. ... 16 ... 138 Ivii. ... 2 148 xvii. ... 9 ... 129 16 ... 138 ,181 xviii. ... 9 ... 118 lix. ... 21 ... 58 , 121 15 ... 37 Ix. ... 11 ... 156 18 ... 80 17 ... 73 zxii. ... 17 ... 118 Ixi. ... 1 ... 17 xxiii. ... 14 ... 66 Ixiii. ... 11 ... 211 29 ... 67 15 ... 42 XXV. ... 5 ... 176 Ixv. ... 25 ... 156 xxvi. ... 15 ... 181 XXX. ... 2 ... 56 xxxi. ... 32 ... 210 JEREMIAH. xxxiii. ... 13 ... 24 Chap. Ver. Page. xxxiv. ... 9 ... 71 ii. ... 10 ... 204 10 ... 71 iv. ... 22 ... 37 11 ... 138, 139 V. ... 1 ... 204 xxx vii. ... 4 ... 121 9 ... 123 15 ... 121 23 ... 37 18 ... 121 29 ... 123 xxxviii. ... 7 ... 69 vi. ... 7 ... 42,45 xl. ... 4 ... 117 20 ... 50 5 ... 141 vii. ... 7 ... 176 xlii. ... 18 ... 47 16 ... 37 xliv. ... 6 ... 47 viii. ... 5 ... 37 xlvi. ... 12 ... 87 ix. ... 9 ... 123 xlviii. ... 33 ... 45 xi. ... 8 ... 144 xlix. ... 6 ... 138 19 ... 80 9 ... 17 xii. ... 4 ... 95 18 ... 101 xiv. ... 9 ... 16 24 ... 45 11 ... 37 33 ... 101 18 ... 212 1. ... 6 ... 37 XV. ... 9 ... 141 40 ... 101 xvi. ... 12 .. 144 li. . 43 ... 101 xxxvin. INDEX OF TEXTS. LAMENTATIONS. Ezekiel (con.) Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. i. ... 9 ... 95 xxxi. ... 18 ... 105 12 ... 204: xxxii. ... 25 ... 105 ii. ... 12 ... 42 30 ... 105 19 ... 72 xxxiii. ... 11 ... 170 iii. ... 38 ... 50 20 ... 143 47 ... 34 xxxvii. ... 16 ... 99 17 ... 99 EZEKIEL. xxxix. ... 12 ... 124 Chap. Ver. Page. xlii. ... 13 ... 105 i. ... 11 ... 98 xliii. ... 1 ... 138 ii. ... 10 ... 42 19 ... 106 iii. ... 5 ... 66,68 xliv. ... 8 ... 73 6 ... 66,68 13 ... 73 15 ... 16 17 ... 141 iv. ... 4 ... 99 xlv. ... 11 ... 26,67 8 ... 99 vii. ... 2 97 DANIEL. 15 ... 189 Chap. Ver. Page. 16 ... 88 ii. ... 10 ... 159 xiii. ... 11 ... 214 11 ... 131,206 15 ... 214 20 ... 176 xiv. ... 16 ... 180 iii. ... 22 ... 116 18 ... 180 28 ... 206 20 ... 180 iv. ... 10 ... 64 xvi. ... 5 ... 70 14 ... 173 13 ... 116 15 ... 173 40 ... 83 19 ... 16, 157 XX. ... 8 ... 144 21 ... 189 40 ... 88 23 ... 67 xxi. ... 29 ... 141 31 ... 141 xxii. ... 6 ... 143 v. ... 6 ... 97 xxix. ... 21 ... 67 11 ... 35 xxxi. ... 4 ... 30 14 ... 35 17 ... 105 vi. ... 5 ... 205 INDEX OF TEXTS. XXXIX. Daniel (cow.) AMOS. Ohap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. vi. ... 10 ... 79 iii. ... 3 ... 205 11 ... 80 vi. ... 2 ... 104 15 ... 159 vii. ... 14 ... 67 23 ... 116 ix. ... 1 ... 88 vii. ... 11 ... 80 2 ... 195 14 ... 45 3 ... 195 15 ... 81 4 ... 195 18 ... 176 19 ... 116 viii. ... 5 ... 13 ... 67 67 OEADIAH. Chap. Ver. Page, i. ... 3 ... 191 27 ... 16 4 ... 190, 194 ix. .. 17 ... 54 16 ... 205 20 ... 141 21 ... 141 X. .. 5 ... 189 JONAH. 6 ... 189 Chap. Ver. Page. 21 ... 142 i. ... 10 ... 116 xi. .. 25 ... 80 iii. ... 8 ... 143 xii. .. 3 ... 176 9 ... 205 MICAH. HO SEA. Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. i. ... 11 ... 170 vi. .. 11 ... 67 iv. ... 3 ... 17 vii. . .. 6 ... 141 5 ... 176 13 ... 72 v. ... 7 ... 47 JOEL. vii. ... 1 ... 17 Chap. Ver. Page. i. .. 13 ... 42 NAHUM. ii. .. 6 ... 28 Chap. Ver. Page. 14 ... 204 ii. ... 9 ... 70 iii. . .. 3 ... 63 Jft v 28 xl. ISDEX OF TEXTS. Nahum (con.) i MALACHI. Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver Page. iii. ... 3 ... 70 i. ... 13 ... 142 15 ... 17 14 ... 142 HABAKKUK. iii. ... 10 ... 17,204 Chap. Ver. Page, iii. ... 10 ... 30 MATTHEW. Chap. Ver. Page. ZEPHANIAH. xvi. ... 13 ... 100 Chap. Ver. Page. xviii. ... 10 ... 49 i. ... 10 ... 67 ii. ... 5 ... 71 MARK. iii. ... 6 ... 71 Chap. Ver. Page. Vii. ... 35 ... 113 HAGGAL Chap. Ver. Page. ACTS. ii. ... 16 ... 118 Chap. Ver. Page. 19 ... 45 viii. ... 27 ... 69 ZECHARIAH. ROMANS. Chap. Ver. Page. Chap. Ver. Page. i. ... 19 ... 106 i. ... 22 ... 141 iv. ... 4 ... 106 iv. ... 3 ... 142 5 ... 106 xiii. ... 7 ... 74 11 ... 106 12 ... 106 1 CORINTHIANS. vii ... 10 ... 167 Chap. Ver. Page. viii. ... 17 ... 167 iv. ... 6 ... 140 ix. ... 3 ... 17 xiv. ... 8 ... 27 12 ... 170 x. ... 6 ... 205 REVELATION. 11 ... 85 Chap. Ver. Page. xiii. ... 4 ... 27, 68 XX. ... 13 ... 30 ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. CHAPTER I. INTRODUCTORY. CONTENTS. Bishop Lowth cm the neglect of the study of English. Convocation's vote of thanks to the Eevisers. The Times' sarcasm on the wording of the vote. Its grammatical errors. Singular and plural mixed. " Expended ". Past infinitive for present. Inconsistency the chief characteristic of the Revisers' work. " Which" for "who". Tautology, " the weight in weight ". It is sad to relate that there is nothing ne\v in the fact that Englishmen are often ignorant of English. A century ago it was said, " Is it not amazing that some, who have beyond doubt been very excellent Greek and Latin scholars, have written their mother tongue not only inelegantly, but even very ungrammati- cally ? " Baker s Remarks on the English Lan- guage^ Edition 1799, p. 84. Bishop Lowth, writing still earlier in the B 2 ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. last century, points out the source of this de- ficiency. He says, "A grammatical study of our own language makes no part of the or- dinary method of instruction which we pass through in our childhood ; and it is very seldom that we apply ourselves to it afterward. Yet the want of it will not be effectually supplied by any other advantages whatsoever. Much practice in the polite world, and a general ac- quaintance with the best authors, are good helps ; but alone will hardly be sufficient : we have writers who have enjoyed these advantages in their full extent, and yet cannot be recom- mended as models of an accurate style. Much less then will what is commonly called Learning serve the purpose ; that is, a critical knowledge of ancient languages, and much reading of ancient authors. The greatest critic and most able grammarian of the last age, when he came to apply his learning and his criticisms to an English author, was frequently at a loss in matters of ordinary use and common construc- tion of his own vernacular idiom." Preface to ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. 3 * A Short Introduction to English Grammar ', by Dr. Lowth, 1762. More than one hundred and twenty years have passed since the foregoing was written, yet the lament over the neglect of the study of our language is as applicable to the present generation, as it was to the generation of our forefathers who lived in the days of Bishop Lowth. This neglect must not be allowed to con- tinue; but how is its continuance to be pre- vented 1 ? I know of no plan so likely to be effectual, as the public exposure of the errors of those persons whose innate delicacy of feeling will render them ashamed of their shortcomings, while their philanthropy will arouse in them the resolve that their influence shall thence- forth be exerted to secure, to the rising genera- tion, freedom from the disgrace of having to blush for their ignorance of the laws governing their own language. In a former work* I exposed the errors and * ' The Revisers' English.' B 2 4 ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. inconsistencies found in the language of the Revised Version of the New Testament. I purpose now to expose the errors and incon- sistencies found in the language of the Revised Version of the Old Testament, and^shall show that they are as gross, as flagrant, and as numerous as are those in the New. But the Revisers are not the only trans- gressors of the laws of our language. In the resolution which was passed by Convocation to thank the Revisers for their labours, there are errors which would disgrace a school-boy. Yet I have no doubt that the Members of Convoca- tion are, to the present day, in happy ignorance of that fact, and if they chanced to read in our leading daily journal, as they might have done, that their resolution was " carefully and wisely worded ", they happily failed to see the covert sarcasm of the remark, and smiled com- placently at what they in their simplicity be- lieved to be a well-deserved compliment ! It is a pity to awaken them from their dream of self -congratulation ; for has it not been said, ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. 5 and is it not generally believed, that " Where ignorance is bliss, 'Tis folly to be wise." Still, for the good of others, the dream, how- ever pleasant, must be broken. The resolution (quoted in The Times of May 16th, 1885, p. 11, last column) was as fol- lows : " That this House presents its hearty thanks to the learned Revisers of the Authorised Version of the Old Testament for the unwearied labour and singular diligence which they have expended during many years in carrying out the weighty task intrusted to them by Convocation. They desire to express their great gratitude to Almighty God for permitting so im- portant a work to have been executed at this time, and they pray that it may be blessed by Him to the increase of the knowledge of His Holy Word by His people." It will be observed that, in the first sentence 6 ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. of this paragraph, the Members of Convocation speak of themselves collectively, and therefore with strict propriety they employ the singular number and say, " This House presents its hearty thanks to the learned Revisers ". This form, having been adopted at the be- ginning of the paragraph, should have been continued throughout, and not have been changed into the plural, as it has been in the second sentence, where we read, " They desire to express their great gratitude ". The change is the more objectionable be- cause it is momentarily misleading, seeing that the pronoun " they ", which really refers to the Members of Convocation, does of course gram- matically refer to the plural pronoun just preceding it, namely "them", i.e., to the " Ee- visers ", and not to " Convocation ", because that term, being used collectively, as I have already remarked, is in the singular number. ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. 7 The first sentence of the paragraph, then, should have been continued thus : " This House presents its hearty thanks and desires to express its great gratitude ". A second error in the sentence consists in employing the word " expended " to describe the rendering of the services of the Revisers. To " expend " means to weigh out, the word being derived from the Latin " . and cried."? " How is it possible to prevent the dawning 22 ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. of the morning ? " an uneducated man might ask. The Psalmist's meaning was, evidently, that his cry, or prayer, preceded the dawn. Why did not the Revisers make that meaning plain *? The Revisers speak of Jezebel's head being "tired", see 2 Kings ix. 30; they meant "attired", but the word which they have used sounds very like a joke, and reminds me of the reply which a coachman made to a passenger who had remarked to him that the horses seemed tired, " Yes, Sir ", said he, " they are tired, and so are the wheels." Another word which has now a meaning different from that which it had, is " let " ; or rather, I should say, that of the two words " let ", which formerly were in use the one from the Saxon " Icetan ", to loose, to let go, to allow ; and the other from the Saxon " lettan ", to hinder, only the former has continued to the present day. The other, though in com- mon use in Shakspeare's time, would not be recognized in the English of the nineteenth ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. 23 century ; and were we to read in any modern composition, "I'll make a ghost of him that lets me"; Hamlet, Act 1, Scene iv. we should naturally understand the writer to mean that the speaker would make a ghost of him that allowed him to do so ; whereas Ham- let's words meant that he would make a ghost of him that hindered him. This is shown by the words immediately preceding ; " Unhand me, gentlemen ! " All this is perfectly familiar to the Re- visers, yet they have left unaltered Isa. xliii. 13, where the word "let" means "hinder"; the passage reads as follows, " I am he ; and there is none that can deliver out of my hand : I will work, and who shall let it ?" It should be, " I will work ; and who shall hinder it? " Another word which might with advantage have been changed, is the verb to "tell", in 24 ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. the sense of to "count". That meaning of the word is obsolete; yet it has been left, in Jer. xxxiii. 13, thus, "In the places about Jerusalem, and in the cities of Judah, shall the flocks again pass under the hands of him that telleth them. ! ' The word has been left in Psa. Ivi. 8, also, " Thou ' idlest ' ray wanderings ; " and in Psa. cxlvii. 4, " He telleih the number of the stars ; " likewise in 1 Kings viii. 5, " Sheep and oxen, that could not be told nor numbered for multitude." But in 2 Kings xii. 11, the Revisers have altered the word, and thereby have rendered the passage intelligible to all. In the Author- ised Version it is, " And they gave the money, being told, into the hands of them that did the work." In the Revised Version it is, " And they gave the money that was weighed out into the hands of them that did the work." ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. 25 But why did the Revisers limit the alteration to this one solitary passage ? Great care is needed in using any word that has two meanings, lest it should be understood in a sense different from that which was in- tended. The word " hardly " is such a one ; and its two meanings are almost the opposites of each other. It means " severely ", and it means also '' scarcely ". In Job xix. 3, of the Revised Version, we read, " Te are not ashamed that ye deal hardly with me." Here, probably, the word means "severely" ; but in the Authorised Version we read, "Te are not ashamed that ye make yourselves strange to me " ; in other words, " that ye hardly deal with me". It is remarkable that these two renderings embody the two meanings of the word. " Te deal hardly [severely'] with me." " Te hardly [scarcely] deal with me." 26 ECCLESIASTICAL ENGLISH. Ought we to say "an omer", "a homer", or "an homer"? The Revisers give us the choice of all three. The first occurs in Ex. xvi. 16 ; the second in Isa. v. 10 ; and the third in Ezk. xlv. 11. Should we say " strewed ", " strawed", or " strowed " ? The Authorised Version has " straw